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ADA Standards of Medical Care, Abridged
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Irl B. Hirsch, MD, Editor
Clinical Diabetes 2002 Oct; 20(4): 162-164. https://doi.org/10.2337/diaclin.20.4.162
Looking into a mirror can be dangerous. On one hand, if the mirror is pointed straight ahead, the reflection could be an image that has gone through many changes. On the other hand, if the mirror is pointed at an angle, one can see images to the side or behind. It is with this in mind that we now turn toward our mirror at Clinical Diabetes.
This will be the last issue of the current editorial team. The 5-year term we complete here has coincided with what has probably been the most spectacular time in diabetes care since the discovery of insulin more than 80 years ago. In this issue, Dr. Arthur Krosnick provides an excellent rearview-mirror perspective on the history of diabetes care by chronicling his 47-year career as an endocrinologist (p. 173). Dr. Krosnick's article captures the essence of advances through the past five decades of diabetes treatment.
In the more recent past, much excitement in the field of diabetes during our editorial tenure has centered on new treatments. When this editorial team first met in the summer of 1997, insulin lispro (Humalog) had been released a year earlier, and it was already clear that this first insulin analog was a tremendous advance in insulin therapy. At that time, we were also writing our first prescriptions for thiazolidinediones, a new class of oral agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Troglitazone (Rezulin) had just been approved for sale in the United States, and we were all excited about the potential role of this new insulin sensitizer.
Over time, of course, our enthusiasm waned as the first cases of severe hepatotoxicity were reported in 1998. Liver failure resulting in death or the need for liver transplantation made most of us much more cautious about troglitazone. Furthermore, many of us noted severe weight gain and even pulmonary edema resulting from its use with our patients.1
Looking back, what was most disappointing to me was how so many in our field, including those marketing this drug, minimized these adverse effects. Many of us became quite upset and lost trust in the reassurances we had been given as adverse effects continued to be reported. Long after troglitazone was finally removed from the U.S. market in 2000, accounts in the popular press suggested that the situation had been even worse than we had suspected.2
The silver lining in the troglitazone story is that it taught all of us to ask critical questions about subsequent new therapies. This is an important point, especially since we learned in 1998 that our older therapies were effective in reducing the microvascular and macrovascular complications of type 2 diabetes.3,4 In this era in which "evidence-based medicine" is emphasized at every medical school in the country,5 the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study proved without question that our earlier therapies were both safe and effective.
It may well be that the newer therapies are even more effective than the older, proven treatments. But we need data on hard endpoints, both microvascular and macrovascular, before reaching such conclusions. As we have very recently learned through the Women's Health Initiative regarding hormone replacement therapy,6 it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions about our therapies until appropriately designed studies with clinically relevant endpoints are conducted.
Despite a wealth of data about the safety and effectiveness of insulin therapy, including for patients without diabetes hospitalized for myocardial infarction or after surgery, as a medical community, we continue to avoid the most important of all diabetes medications. One of the editorial team's goals during the past 5 years was to make insulin therapy less intimidating to our primary care audience. This has become such an important issue for the American Diabetes Association that next year there will be a national clinical education program focused on the practical use of insulin therapy. Unfortunately, we hear all too often stories such as the one Ken Sanek tells in this issue (p. 212) about type 2 diabetic patients whose providers remain resistant to insulin therapy.
Other advances in the past 5 years have included incredible improvements in everyday technologies for our patients. The size of glucose meters, the amount of blood they require, and the time necessary to complete the blood test have all improved.
Sophisticated data management systems for blood glucose readings are still underutilized but are now clearly gaining the interest of both doctors and patients. The trend is to use handheld devices to track glucose data; the ability to communicate this information to providers via the Internet is now a reality.
Insulin pumps have also improved, and we now have continuous glucose sensors as well. The Continuous Glucose Monitoring System was released in 2000, and earlier this year, the GlucoWatch became available. These first-generation devices will only improve with time.
In the past 5 years, we have also seen a real change in the epidemiology of type 2 diabetes, particularly in children. It is now estimated that type 2 diabetes accounts for 8–45% of pediatric patients with newly diagnosed diabetes in large U.S. pediatric centers.7 These young patients are generally overweight with a strong family history of diabetes and often have other signs of insulin resistance.
Reflecting on what I believe to be the most important advance in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and macrovascular disease, I think of the numerous studies showing that pharmacological intervention can dramatically reduce the risk for cardiovascular events. The use of aspirin, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and statins can reduce major events by 25, 25, and 30%, respectively.8
Advances in our understanding of the prevention of diabetes have also generated tremendous excitement. The Diabetes Prevention Program proved that it is possible to delay the development of type 2 diabetes.9 The Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1), although a negative study, gives us further insight into how we may someday be able to prevent this challenging disease.10 Incoming editor-in-chief Dr. Jennifer Marks discusses the implications of the DPT-1 in this issue's "Landmark Studies" department (p. 168).
The many changes in diabetes therapies have given us much to report in these pages. Our goal throughout this half-decade has been to bring advances in our understanding of diabetes, particularly diabetes therapies, to the primary care providers who see the majority of patients with diabetes. For this reason, we worked to ensure that our editorial advisory board included a large proportion of general internists and family practice physicians in addition to endocrinologists and members of the other health care disciplines involved in diabetes care. Working together, we were better able to meet our goal.
I would like to take this opportunity to thank our three associate editors who have worked extremely hard and made extraordinarily helpful contributions to the journal. Dr. William Herman, who served as an associate editor until this year, has taught me a great deal about evidence-based medicine and the science of the economics of medicine. Dr. Steven Edelman has become one of my best friends as well as my role model for how to be passionate about teaching physicians and patients about diabetes. Dr. Resa Levetan is perhaps the most creative physician I have ever met. Her ideas for developing interesting articles, translating new information to others, and getting physicians, patients, and their families involved with diabetes to obtain better outcomes are truly inspired.
I would also like to thank the many health care professionals who have served on our editorial board during these past 5 years, and especially Dr. Steven Leichter, who has written "The Business of Diabetes," a department we added to our table of contents early on. Dr. Leichter's provocative discourses on numerous topics in the world of finance and diabetes made this my favorite of the journal's regular departments, and I am very appreciative of his efforts.
It is also important to acknowledge the assistance our team has received from the American Diabetes Association's publications staff, particularly our publisher, Peter Banks; our managing editor, Aime Ballard; our assistant managing editor, Liz Rich; and the journal's advertising and circulation staff. Most of all, the publication of Clinical Diabetes would not have been possible without the expertise of our project manager, Debbie Fentress.
Finally, I would like to thank all of the readers who have taken the time to write in with comments, both positive and negative, about our journal. Hopefully, we have succeeded in our mission to educate as many primary care providers as possible about state-of-the-art diabetes care.
It is time now to turn away from the mirror and to look forward. I have no doubt that the future of Clinical Diabetes will be even brighter than its present with Dr. Marks of the University of Miami in the editor's chair. She and her team are already planning the first few issues of 2003. I am confident you will find the information they provide both interesting and relevant to your daily clinical practice.
Hirsch IB, Kelly J, Cooper S: Pulmonary edema associated with troglitazone therapy. Arch Intern Med 159:1811, 1999
Willman D: Hidden risks, lethal truths: Warner-Lambert won approval for Rezulin after masking the number of liver injuries in clinical studies. The Los Angeles Times, June 30, 2002
The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group: Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared to conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet 352:837–853, 1998
The United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group: Effect of intensive blood glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet 352:854–865, 1998
Hirsch IB: Evidence-based or hassle-based medicine? Clinical Diabetes 19:49–50, 2001
Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators: Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. JAMA 288:321–333, 2002
Fagot-Campagna A: Emergence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children: epidemiological evidence. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 13 (Suppl. 6):1395–1402, 2000
Yusuf S: Two decades of progression in preventing vascular disease. Lancet 360:2–3, 2002
The DPP Research Group: Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346:393–403, 2002
The DPT-1 Study Group: Effects of insulin in relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 346:1685–1691, 2002
October 2002, 20(4)
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Case Reports on Diabetes-Related Outcomes for Pregnant Women in the National Diabetes Prevention Program
Transitioning to Fixed-Ratio Combination Therapy: Five Frequently Asked Questions Health Care Providers Should Anticipate From Their Patients
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A Peek Inside Kid Rock's Private Garage With 25 Pictures
by Neil Pope
in Celebrity Cars
Kid Rock is a man who doesn't do things half-heartedly. When the iconic brewer Anheuser-Busch Cos. was bought out by a Belgian beer company, Kid Rock was so annoyed by the development that he started his own brewing company.
In another instance, the Detroit Symphony Orchestra was undergoing severe financial difficulties back in 2011, with members striking due to nonpayment issues. The Michigan-born and raised celebrity pulled some strings and threw a benefit fundraising concert to help out, saving the orchestra and securing the future of classical music in Detroit.
And then there is his huge collection of cars. Kid Rock's father was the owner of several car dealerships in Michigan and obviously passed his love of cars onto his son. And when a car enthusiast also happens to be rich, it's inevitable that they will indulge in their passion for cars in a big way.
Kid Rock's car collection is not your typical millionaire's collection, however. There are the Ferraris and Bugattis and other expensive hypercars that you'd expect, but the thing that is especially interesting about this collection is that it is mostly made up of vintage muscle cars.
Even more interesting is the variety of cars within his collection. Whether you're interested in exotic supercars, classic muscle cars, off-road rock crawlers, or vintage pickups, Kid Rock's collection has something to suit every taste. But if you're a fan of vintage and classic cars, you're in for a real treat.
25 2011 Chevy Camaro SS
Via Camaro5.com
When most people turn 40 they don't usually get gifted muscle cars, but when your name is Kid Rock, that's exactly what you can expect. Professional NASCAR driver Jimmie Johnson presented Kid Rock with the modern day muscle car during the cowboy's 40th birthday celebration. The Camaro SS was a gift from Chevrolet themselves and painted flat-black with black wheels and black-wall tires. Emblazoned on the door is the number 40 with a Made In Detroit logo splashed across the back window. Kid Rock seemed genuinely surprised and delighted with the gift, even asking Johnson if he was being punked.
24 Custom GMC Sierra 1500 4x4
Via Maxim.com
It shouldn't come as a surprise to anybody that someone who injects so many elements from country music into his songs would buy a pickup. His black and white GMC Sierra was custom built just for him. The supercharged, 577-horsepower truck has some distinctive Kid Rock touches including Detroit Cowboy badging. Although it looks too good to take off-road, the GMC is still very capable with a 6-inch lift kit and 20-inch Blak Havoc off-road wheels wrapped in 35-inch Mickey Thompson Baja ATZ Tires. Stealth black grille, hood, and bumpers complete the package and provide a much-needed contrast to the white exterior.
23 West Coast Customs 1975 Cadillac Limousine
Via Classics.autotrader.com
Kid Rock and West Coast Customs came together for this vintage-vibed build. The classic Cadillac was a pretty capable cruiser when it came out of the factory, with a 210-horsepower V8, 151-inch wheelbase, and a 27-gallon fuel tank. West Coast Customs made the cool Detroit Cadillac even cooler with a midnight black paint job and gold trim highlights. West Coast Customs did up the inside with black velour seats with gold stitching, shag carpet, and a booming sound system with a hidden 32-inch television. Vogue tires and style appropriate rims round out the Detroit look of his classic Caddy.
22 $225,000 1964 Pontiac Bonneville
Via Justacarguy.blogspot.com
As if being Kid Rock wasn't attention-grabbing enough, mounting a set of six foot wide Texas longhorns on a 1960s Pontiac should do it. Far from being stock, the 1964 Bonneville was the car that Kid Rock drove in the music video of his patriotic anthem, "Born Free". The Pontiac has had an interesting history and belonged to Audrey Williams, the mother of Hank Williams Jr, before Kid Rock bought it at an auction for $225,000. The car was tricked out by celebrity car customizer and tailor Nudie Cohn who added the Texas horns, a six-shooter shifter, and a saddle-like interior with 350 authentic silver dollars embedded within.
21 1930 Cadillac V16
Kid Rock once stated that money can't buy taste. He took aim at Lamborghini-driving celebrities, lambasting them as being boring and stating that his 1930s Cadillac oozed style and class by comparison. He went on to explain that is was a 100-point car, meaning that everything on it was absolutely perfect. Even a solitary scratch would drop its rating to a 99 point car, so the vintage black Cadillac is in immaculate condition. Little is known about the car's history apart from the price tag, which was a little over half a million dollars, somewhat fitting given the Cadillac has long been a symbol of prosperity.
20 The Slingshot Kid Rock SS-R
Via Topspeed.com
By now, you're probably getting the impression that Kid Rock owns some pretty unusual vehicles and you'd be right. One of the more unconventional motorcycles in his collection is this three-wheeler, named The Slingshot Kid Rock SS-R and built by snowmobile and motorcycle company Polaris. Underneath the lightweight, carbon-fiber body sits a turbocharged, 2.4-liter E-tec engine that produces 400 horsepower. Handling has been greatly improved with road-race stabilizer bars, high-performance cross-drilled brake rotors, three-way adjustable road-race shocks, and lightweight racing wheels and tires. A carbon fiber wing helps with aerodynamics and downforce and racing seats are adorned with custom embroidered Kid Rock logos.
19 2006 Ford GT
Kid Rock obviously appreciates vintage cars, but he has some very desirable modern classics in his collection, too. One car that he rarely shows off is his 2006 Ford GT. This is possibly due to how rare the GT is, with only 4,038 being built by Ford during the entire production run. One thing that is known about the mid-engined two-seater is that it went to a Ford dealer to get an airbag fault repaired, with Kid Rock's assistant watching the car like a hawk the entire time. Kid Rock's father was the largest Ford dealer in Michigan, so sourcing this piece of automotive history probably wasn't too difficult.
18 Jesse James-Built 1962 Chevrolet Impala
This electric blue 1962 Chevrolet Impala is a favorite at car shows and often displayed alongside Kid Rocks Pontiac Bonneville. The custom build was carried out by Jesse James, of Austin Speed Shop and West Coast Choppers fame. The highlight of the Impala is undoubtedly the big 409 V8 with dual four-barrel carburetors, mated to a four-speed manual transmission. The motor was known as the 409 because it produced 409 horsepower. The engine was so popular that The Beach Boys wrote a song about it. The Impala quickly became a favorite on the drag strip and a legendary muscle car.
17 Pontiac 10th Year Anniversary Pontiac Trans Am
Via Restoreamusclecar.com
The 1979 Pontiac Trans Am is another vintage classic and has appeared in several movies including Joe Dirt, with Kid Rock making a cameo appearance as Robby, a Trans Am driving bully who could barely read. In the film, Kid Rock drove a Pontiac Trans Am. This is a case of art imitating life because Kid Rock owns a pristine example of the car. Just 7,500 10th anniversary models rolled off the production line, with only 1,871 receiving the W72 400 horsepower engine. The interior was also a limited release, with the screaming chicken Pontiac logo stitched into the front door sills and rear seat divider.
16 1967 Lincoln Continental
Via Pinthiscars.com
After making a guest appearance in Kid Rock's video for his song titled "Roll On", this 1967 Lincoln Continental became a part of his collection that he regularly displays in car shows. In the video, Kid Rock cruises the streets of Detroit, visiting famous landmarks such as Tiger Stadium, the former home of the Detroit Tigers. The car was chosen because it represented the heart and soul of Detroit, which was well known for its large automotive manufacturing industry and a long list of accomplishments in transport innovation. The Lincoln Continental was based on a four-door version of the Ford Thunderbird and its large size made parallel parking more difficult than it should have been.
15 Chevrolet Silverado 3500 HD
Via HSV.com
Chevrolet obviously saw something special in Kid Rock's hit titled "Born Free" and they invited him to work on a collaboration, designing a customized 2016 Silverado to celebrate the songs release. The concept behind the unique build was to incorporate an attention grabbing design but with functions and features that appealed to working-class guys. A chrome-like metallic and black design was chosen for the exterior while 22-inch Chrome wheels and chrome assist steps help to ensure the Silverado stands out. Inside, a Kicker sound system was added, along with sill plates emblazoned with the Made In Detroit logo. Kid Rock described his song and the truck as a celebration of freedom and said that visiting the Chevrolet factory was one of the coolest things he's ever done.
14 Dukes of Hazzard 1969 Dodge Charger
Via Classicsvehiclelist.com
Being one to celebrate all things patriotic, Kid Rock also owns this incredible replica 1969 Dodge Charger from The Dukes of Hazzard. Dodge Chargers are famous for their top speed and aggressive styling and are one of the most desirable and recognizable muscle cars from the 60s and 70s. Although The Dukes of Hazzard helped propel the Charger into the spotlight, the antics of Bo and Luke made the cars hard to come by, with the production destroying 325 Chargers over the course of 147 episodes. The Dukes of Hazzard was basically one long episode for the Dodge Charger and its 426-cubic-inch motor.
13 1957 Chevrolet Apache
This classic pickup made a sneaky appearance on Kid Rock's social media one day, and judging by the condition, is one of his beater pickups. The 1957 Apache was the second series of pickup trucks that Chevrolet produced. It was also the first pickup to roll off the production line with Chevy's new 283-cubic-inch V8. But the Apache was made famous for its unique styling, being the first pickup truck to feature a wrap-around windshield, a large, open-mouthed grill and hood windsplits. The Apache is not easy to hunt down and finding one in pristine condition is virtually impossible.
12 1963 Ford Galaxie 500
Via Mecumauctions.com
Throughout the 1960s, Ford's slogan was "Total Performance" and the 1963 Galaxie 500 encapsulated that motto perfectly. The 427 V8 engine was actually 425 cubic inches and even today, a powerful mystique surrounds the 427. The engine was nicknamed The Cammer, purely because it was the first motor developed by Ford to have an overhead camshaft. At the time, they were petitioning NASCAR to allow overhead cams to be used. After their request was denied, they went ahead and started producing the 427 anyway, hoping the president of NASCAR would change his mind. The big V8 and the sleek lines and styling of the Galaxie meant that Ford finally had a muscle car that could hold its own.
11 1959 Ford F100
Via Hotrod.com
Kid Rock's 1959 F100 is another pickup that rarely gets seen at shows, however, the collectability of this classic pickup makes it extremely desirable for any serious collector of classic cars. The F100 was the first time that a 4x4 truck was available from the Ford factory. The car only had a 292-cubic-inch motor, which, considering the weight of the truck, wasn't exactly a showstopper. However, what it lacked in power, Ford made up for in build quality. The metal body was incredibly dense, making the F100 virtually impossible to dent or ding. This earned Ford a reputation for building reliable workhorse trucks.
10 Ford F-150
In a homage to patriotic pride, Kid Rock not only started his own beer company but also bought a new Ford F150 truck to promote it. Selected Ford dealerships also offer a Kid Rock performance package, available on new F-150s. The Kid Rock Pack includes 20-inch black H103 performance wheels, a 6-inch Rocky Ridge suspension lift kit, 35-inch all terrain tires, a bullbar with 20-inch LED lights, a blacked-out grille and bumper, step-up bars, black ceramic exhaust tips, widebody fender flares, and custom black mud-digger graphics. Inside the F-150, the Kid Rock package replaces the stock seating with custom leather seats.
9 2004 Rolls-Royce Phantom
Via Coolpcwallpapers.com
Even the most hardcore rocker appreciates the finer things in life, as Kid Rock's 2004 Rolls-Royce Phantom demonstrates. The Phantom is a perfectly crafted blend of contemporary hardware and traditional luxury and in typical Rolls Royce style, has some very unique traits and quirks. One feature that is sure to appeal to Kid Rock's vintage tastes is the rear-hinged doors. No doubt, the rock star is also drawn to the musical-style instrumentation incorporated into the Phantom, with the entertainment system being operated by violin key switches and the upper vents being operated by push-pull organ stops.
8 1973 Cadillac Eldorado
The 1970s were clearly a time when fuel prices were of little concern and Cadillac released their 1973 Eldorado with an 8.2-liter V8. At the time, the Eldorado was the only luxury convertible on the market that was built in the USA and it was marketed as being the ultimate personal luxury car. Despite the huge engine, the Cadillac showcase could only achieve a 0-60 mph time of 10.3 seconds. Although the Cadillac is slow by today's standards, the car has become a favorite with the lowrider community and Kid Rock had a top-of-the-line hydraulic air system installed to his slow, low cruiser.
7 Polaris Ranger XP 900
Via Hipwallpaper.com
Not technically a car, the Polaris Ranger is a four-wheeled work and recreation UTV that is perfect for hunting and off-roading. The 875cc, four-stroke, twin-cylinder motor has been reworked to give it a perfectly flat torque curve which makes acceleration of the Polaris smooth and precise. The Polaris also has a Pro-fit cab to shield the vehicle occupants from the elements, giving the Polaris the ability to be operated in all weather conditions, even heavy snow. As well as being a classic car enthusiast, Kid Rock is also a keen motorcycle enthusiast and he has been seen with the Polaris Ranger at dirt-bike meets.
6 2018 Ford Shelby Mustang GT350
Via Linkpat.info
Sometimes, when you own a vintage car collection as vast as Kid Rocks, you desire a bit of speed in your life. The 5.2 liter V8-powered Mustang is a modern-day muscle car designed purely to satisfy those cravings. The Mustang puts out 526 horsepower to the rear wheels and revs all the way up to 8,250 rpm. It rockets to 60 mph in just under four seconds. Another appealing aspect to the GT350 is the very distinctive warble that turns into a howl when the accelerator is floored. This is thanks to the design of the flat-plane crankshaft. Eye-watering acceleration and driver comfort combine to make the GT350, perhaps, the ultimate Mustang.
5 1979 Chevrolet Camaro
Via Wall.alphacoders.com
As you can see, Chevrolet cars dominate Kid Rocks car collection. The reason is quite simple and that is that Chevrolet makes some of the best muscle cars with many becoming instant classics. The Z28 Camaro is an example of a popular vintage car that is still appreciated by many today. The 1979 Camaro had some subtle styling changes over previous years, but the Chevrolet 350 ci V8 remained largely unchanged. The Z28 had newly designed flares and a front spoiler to improve the stance and profile of the car. The Camaro is probably the most striking looking two-door coupe from the classic muscle car era.
4 Bugatti Veyron
Via Wallpapertag.com
The Bugatti Veyron practically drips opulence everywhere you look and is widely considered to be the king of supercars. The Veyron is also the fastest production roadster ever manufactured, with its big 8.0-liter W16 engine propelling the car to a top speed of 408 km/hr. Of course, owning a Veyron is only an experience that the very wealthy can afford and the maintenance costs alone are astronomical. Only two sets of tires can be used before the wheels need to be replaced due to continuing integrity of the bead seal when driving at high speed. And when driven at top speed, the tires will only last for 15 minutes before they will need to be replaced.
3 Ferrari 458
Via Carwallper.co
Known as the Ferrari for Ferrari enthusiasts, the 458 is possibly the greatest car to wear the Ferrari badge. Technologically, it was a huge step up from what Ferrari had done previously and the 458 had a plethora of new systems that worked together to provide a very pure driving experience. With the release of the 458, Ferrari went from being a brand for wealthy poseurs to a brand for motoring purists. The 562-horsepower, 4.5-liter V8 was a masterstroke and is widely regarded as the best sounding engine in the automotive world. Best of all, the Ferrari is equally as impressive on the road as the track.
2 1947 Chevrolet 3100 Pickup
Via Wallpaper.com
The Chevrolet 3100 is an iconic post-war pickup truck and with prices north of $25,000 on the used market, it's been a reliable and sought-after favorite for collectors and enthusiasts alike. The 3100 was the first in the lineup of new commercial vehicles by Chevrolet following the end of World War II. The design phase of the 3100 had commenced in 1942 and with headlights integrated into the front bumper and split windshields, the 3100 looked thoroughly futuristic at the time. For the first time, the windscreen could not be cranked open at the bottom. Instead, Chevrolet marketed their new cab design as the cab that breathes with a new ducted air system and flip-open vents.
1 Chevrolet Chevelle SS
Via 1zoom.me
Sitting atop the food chain of classic muscle cars is undoubtedly the Chevrolet Chevelle SS. In a horsepower race between car manufacturers, Chevrolet eventually won out with the 450-horsepower, 454-cubic-inch V8. A total of 53,599 Chevelle SS models were built in 1970 but tracking down one in pristine condition, such as the one Kid Rock owns, is virtually impossible. Many have been owned by dozens of people since new, with many owners not realizing the cars future value and collectability, instead preferring to thrash on them due to their high-performance motor. Rare, pristine examples of the Chevelle SS generally start from $75,000
Sources: Street Muscle Mag, Mlive, Contract Music, and Maxim.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


In a post the other day we had a look at the shipment threshold on the shipment wave. A related parameter that you can have a look at is the line threshold. This will control the number of lines on a wave, to control the amount of work per wave.


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Interview – Lucy Scott
E-International Relations, Jul 17 2019, 404 views
Image by Lucy Scott
This interview is part of a series of interviews with academics and practitioners at an early stage of their career. The interviews discuss current research and projects, as well as advice for other young scholars.
Lucy Scott is currently a part-time Doctoral Candidate at the University of Bradford, exploring the British military intervention in the Sierra Leone civil war. She also works full time at the university as an Academic Skills Adviser. Prior to this Lucy completed a master's at the University of Manchester in International Development: Poverty, Conflict and Reconstruction. Last year she served on the British International Studies Association Postgraduate Network (BISA PGN) Executive Committee as Grants and Elections Officer. She previously completed an internship with UNOCHA, Geneva, working with the Policy and Planning Unit, assisting with updating guides for the military and the MCDA Guidelines (Guidelines on the Use of Military and Civil Defense Assets to Support UN Humanitarian Activities in Complex Emergencies). You can find her writing on the success of the British intervention in Sierra Leone here.
What (or who) prompted the most significant shifts in your thinking or encouraged you to pursue your area of research?
I have a long-held belief in the moral obligation for intervention in humanitarian crises, however, I am fascinated by the idea of using force to create peace. Whilst such measures are seen as a last resort within the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), they remain the most controversial and contested aspect of the paradigm. It is this interest that led me to pursue my research framework. As I began to engage more with the literature it became clearer that much of the existing research focused on R2P as a theoretical discussion, for example, exploring the debates surrounding the conceptualisation of sovereignty or altruistic intent versus realism. Where case studies were used to provide context, again there was a tendency to view these from a structural level. This sparked my interest in exploring military interventions for humanitarian purposes from the perspectives of those involved on the ground.
I've found research by Professor Nicholas Wheeler and Dr Aidan Hehir particularly influential in stimulating my thinking. Whilst Wheeler focuses on humanitarian intervention since the Cold War, Hehir deals specifically with R2P, often calling into question the juxtaposing of the theory and its practice. Research by Professor Roland Paris was also particularly useful in understanding the inherent structural inconsistencies within R2P. Reading publications by these very different academics in the early stages of my research gave me further confidence to question the narratives surrounding my case study.
The British military intervention in Sierra Leone in 2000 is often hailed a success. To what extent do you feel this is the case?
I think that the 'success' of the British involvement in Sierra Leone since 2000 is by no means clear-cut and there is a danger with the application of such labels, as they are often applied uncritically and can conceal the reality and nuances of a situation. Whilst the initial British deployment in 2000 aimed only to evacuate its nationals from the territory, the subsequent expansion and intervention into the civil war arguably made a significant contribution to the cessation of the conflict. For some, this is the criteria for success: halting the widespread violence and perpetration of atrocities. In this respect the British involvement can be viewed very positively.
However, it is also important to keep in mind that there is no set criteria for 'success' and the UK itself has been vague regarding what the 'end state' of their involvement in Sierra Leone may look like. It could be argued that in order to be deemed successful, there is an implication of accomplishing self-determined aims. In the case of the British intervention in Sierra Leone, this includes an explicit state-building mandate, extending beyond the short-term goal of ending the conflict, and into sustainable peacebuilding activity. This encompassed judicial reform, economic reform, infrastructure rebuilding and democratic governance. In this respect, the 'success' of the intervention immediately becomes debatable. For instance, there has been a significant failure to match the reforms of the security sector with a strengthening in the rule of law or the meaningful and effective tackling of corruption. As such, even where arrests are made, many still do not go on to face justice due to continued practices including bribery. These examples undermine not only the progress made in the security sector, but also the sustainability of long-term peace in Sierra Leone. Similarly, despite the vast amount of finance and resources pumped into Sierra Leone by the UK, there has been a return to the status quo through a mirroring of pre-conflict conditions (mass unemployment, poor governance, chronic poverty and weak infrastructure). This appears significant when exploring the extent to which the British have been successful in their endeavours, as many of these recreated conditions have been identified as factors contributing to the outbreak of conflict.
Arguably, the unquestioning application of the label of 'success' is not always useful. For instance, it can be speculated that being viewed as a 'success story' diverts international attentions – and with it aid and funding – away from Sierra Leone and towards other post-conflict and/or developing countries. Similarly, there is an apparent inclination to view the British intervention in Sierra Leone as a positive model for practice which appears to have influenced and shaped subsequent intervention mandates. For example, through the inclusion of a more holistic state-building approach and the extension of support beyond the first post-conflict elections. Yet, there remains a dearth of contemporary research examining the long-term effects of the intervention or an appreciation of the current impacts of what has been created in Sierra Leone. The responsibility to understand legacies such as these appear all the more salient given a current global context in which it appears unlikely that calls for forces to intervene militarily in humanitarian situations or mass atrocities will cease.
What are the most significant aspects of the legacy of the British military intervention in Sierra Leone?
I think when exploring the legacy of this intervention it is important to take a 3-pronged approach in terms of: the legacy within Sierra Leone; within British politics and its military doctrine; and the impact on wider discourse and intervention globally. As such, the legacy intersects across domestic politics, foreign policy and global practice. It is these aspects that my Doctoral thesis is currently exploring.
In many ways I think the true legacy within Sierra Leone is yet to become apparent as the continued British involvement, both physical and financial, obscures just how sustainable the country's peace is and the extent to which local capacity has truly been built and embedded. For instance, in terms of the Security Sector, although there is currently a considerably reduced International Security Advisory Team (ISAT) footprint, the remaining advisors continue to yield a significant amount of influence in country. Similarly, the UK is yet to handover full control of Horton Academy – the highest military training institution in Sierra Leone – the result being that each new military recruit or existing personnel attending are trained within a schema of British military doctrine based on a curriculum designed by the British. This raises questions of local ownership, whilst also carrying with it implicit associations of neo-colonialism.
Within British politics, Sierra Leone acted as test case for liberal interventionism and New Labour's ethical foreign policy. The general perception of success appears to have further validated this approach whilst also increasing the expectation of future success in other interventions and confidence in using the military for such purposes. In other words, successful intervention begets further intervention. For instance, it may be questioned whether British troops would have been later committed to the coalition efforts in Iraq and Afghanistan if their involvement in Sierra Leone was felt to have failed. Although the UK military interventions during this period are often associated specifically with the Blair premiership, the legacy of Sierra Leone certainly appears to have shaped the landscape of debate and transcended across the political spectrum. For example, the essence of the sentiments underpinning ethical foreign policy were later rebranded as "liberal conservatism" by Cameron and absorbed into the Conservative Party as a commitment to freedom and human rights.
I think the instance of Sierra Leone raises significant questions regarding who is best situated to intervene in humanitarian situations caused by civil war or genocide, and under what mandate; peacekeeping or peace enforcing. For example, UN forces were present as a neutral peacekeeping mission. However, my research indicates that their involvement tends to be seen as a failure by the people of Sierra Leone. Due to the number of personnel who were kidnapped by rebels, with their equipment, vehicles and uniforms seized it can also be speculated as to whether harm was done by their presence. In contrast, the UK acted unilaterally in a partisan intervention, enabling them to enforce peace swiftly and in a way which both ECOMOG and UNAMSIL had been unable to. Yet, within the discourse such impartial interventions render R2P vulnerable to misuse, such as the furthering of geo-political or strategic interests of the interveners. Whilst I'm not arguing that unilateral or biased interventions are preferential over those which are UN mandated, I do think it is important to entertain such discussions. Similarly, my research indicates that there is further exploration needed regarding the perception of legitimacy of interveners, particularly from those within the conflict-affected states.
What has your research in Sierra Leone and the UK highlighted? What has it told you about how micro-level experiences and macro-level structures fit together?
There does seem to be a tendency in both the research landscape and policy to focus on short-term impacts which, whilst important, often appears to be at a cost to in-depth discussion exploring longer-term consequences. In particular there has been limited exploration of micro-level experiences, yet these are the very individuals who are best positioned to provide real insight into events and have both valid and useful contributions to make to the development of best practice and increasing our understanding. The key findings and highlights from my research are forthcoming in my thesis.
During my fieldwork I found that although Security Sector Reform (SSR) and development were both key areas targeted by the British, there appears to have been a significant prioritisation of SSR over development. In practice, there is a sense of a linear approach, premised on SSR providing the stability for development to then take place. In turn, development should then act as a deterrent to a return to conflict through increasing its opportunity cost. However, taking a linear approach has meant that development lags significantly behind, to the point of having a potentially destabilising effect. There also appears to be little meaningful coordination between the UK Ministry of Defence and the Department for International Development (DfID) in-country. Initial findings from my research appear to confirm that there is a real disconnect between theory and practice, and often even in terms of policy and implementation. In the case of Sierra Leone, micro-level experience and macro-level structures appear to run parallel to each other, with limited parity or significant integration.
My main focus is currently the completion of my doctoral thesis, which I hope to be able to submit early next year. My thesis explores the long-term impacts of the 'successful' British military intervention in the Sierra Leone civil war. That almost 18 years have passed since the cessation of wide-spread violence allows for an analysis of the legacy of this intervention and the implications this has had, not only in Sierra Leone and on British politics, but also the impact on wider discourse and intervention globally. Many of my research participants spoke of these legacies primarily in terms of SSR, peacekeeping versus peace enforcement, and the changing nature of UK military operations.
I apply a R2P lens, as although pre-dating its unanimous endorsement at the World Summit (2005), this intervention was arguably motivated by the panoply of ethical ideals underpinning R2P. Furthermore, it is widely viewed as a successful example of using the military for humanitarian purposes. I think that whilst R2P is representative of a shift in security thinking, from state security to that of the individual, this has not been mirrored by a shift in the research landscape. For instance, whilst human security literature gives primacy to life and freedom, frequently this discussion is conceptual rather than entailing a deep exploration of the experiences of those individuals affected. However, arguably the Responsibility to Protect must also be accompanied by a responsibility to fully understand the legacy of this social phenomenon. As such, I conducted research in Sierra Leone and the UK, examining the encounters and narratives relating to this intervention. The resulting data provides a novel outlook on the phenomena from the viewpoint of those within the affected populations and, in doing so, enables an exploration of how micro-level experiences and macro-level structures fit together.
What is the most important advice you could give to young scholars?
My advice to early stage Doctoral Researchers would be to seize every opportunity to speak to people about their research, including presenting at conferences. This can be intimidating and something they may shy away from if they don't have 'complete' research to present. However, I've used conferences in the past as a way to present initial findings and early stage analysis. It's a great opportunity to hear insight on your work from academics, researchers and practitioners. It's also good to be challenged on your thinking and I've found that explaining and defending my research to others has led to an increase in robustness within my arguments. The more you present, the more confident you will become.
My other advice would be to ensure that you are realistic regarding the timeframe for your fieldwork, allowing more time than initially anticipated. In my case, I had made several contacts prior to arriving in Sierra Leone, arranging interviews for the first week. But in truth, I didn't manage to conduct any interviews within the first 2 weeks of arrival, due to participants' cancelling or their scheduling conflicts. Speaking to other research students, it doesn't appear that I'm alone in this experience. Though at the time it can be very disheartening, on reflection it appears part and parcel of the fieldwork process and those first two weeks proved to be useful in immersing myself within the country and providing contextualizing information which would later assist in developing my analysis.
The Gaza Crisis: Restrictions and Challenges to the Humanitarian Space in Gaza
Interview - Anne-Kathrin Kreft
Interview - Toni Haastrup
Interview - Costas Constantinou
Interview - Angelika Rettberg
Interview - George Butler
Editorial Credit(s):
Jane Kirkpatrick
Tags: british army, Conflict, conservative party, humanitarian intervention, mass atrocities, military intervention, neo-colonialism, r2p, responsibility to protect, security sector reform, Sierra Leone, UK politics


Lets have a cocktail...: Your pants are on fire.
Many years ago, pre JohnnyMac, I was driving in town when my cell phone rang. I picked it up, viewed the identity of the caller, and opted not to answer the phone. That night, that caller, a gentleman I was fraternizing with, let me know he had tried to call me earlier that day. I said I was sorry I missed his call but I was in a meeting at the time.
"Or, " he replied, "I was driving in Buckhead, directly behind you and saw you pick up the phone and put it down."
WOW. There is not a readily available list of retorts to that. Oh, except, that is what you get liar, liar, pants on fire.
I have seen dozens of autocorrect postings but this one made me laugh out loud. That is what you get liar, liar, pants on fire. Sometimes it feels good to laugh at clear and obvious fails. Thankfully, my beforementioned situation can never be captured via video or phone and later posted on Facebook.
Its 80 degrees in Atlanta and we have a fun weekend planned. I hope you do too. Happy St. Pats and don't tell lies to anyone.
So funny! I've missed your posts. I'm so behind in blog world. Trying to get caught up. Have a great St. Patty's day weekend!
ha ha... he was a jerk for pointing it out to you.
Please send some of the warm weather north.
Okay, that guy was just a wee bit stalkish I'd say.
love it! have a great weekend and send some of the Spring weather back home...it's cold here...that and snowing!
Yep just tell him...I didn't want to talk to you right then. That'll get you fraternized that night. Partially losing my hearing as I age has turned out fairly good, I don't hear my cell phone when it rings.
Happy St Paddy's to you as well!
Ok, busted. Now move along, stalker boys.
That would have been funny if he pulled up beside you and waved.
You would have been ok if you'd left out the meeting part and just told him you were sorry you missed his call. Although he probably would have pushed the envelope. Lies usually come back to kick you swiftly in the arse.


text:
Organoids from colorectal peritoneal metastases as a platform for improving hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Authors: I. Ubink, A. C. F. Bolhaqueiro, S. G. Elias, D. A. E. Raats, A. Constantinides, N. A. Peters et al.
Patients with peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer have a poor prognosis. If the intraperitoneal tumour load is limited, patients may be eligible for cytoreductive surgery followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). This treatment has improved overall survival, but recurrence rates are high. The aim of this study was to create a preclinical platform for the development of more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy strategies.
Using organoid technology, five tumour cultures were generated from malignant ascites and resected peritoneal metastases. These were used in an in vitro HIPEC model to assess sensitivity to mitomycin C (MMC) and oxaliplatin, the drugs used most commonly in HIPEC. The model was also used to test a rational combination treatment involving MMC and inhibitors of the checkpoint kinase ATR.
MMC was more effective in eliminating peritoneal metastasis‐derived organoids than oxaliplatin at clinically relevant concentrations. However, the drug concentrations required to eliminate 50 per cent of the tumour cells (IC50) were higher than the median clinical dose in two of five organoid lines for MMC, and all five lines for oxaliplatin, indicating a general resistance to monotherapy. ATR inhibition increased the sensitivity of all peritoneal metastasis‐derived organoids to MMC, as the IC50 decreased 2·6–12·4‐fold to well below concentrations commonly attained in clinical practice. Live‐cell imaging and flow cytometric analysis showed that ATR inhibition did not release cells from MMC‐induced cell cycle arrest, but caused increased replication stress and accelerated cell death.
Peritoneal metastasis‐derived organoids can be used to evaluate existing HIPEC regimens on an individual‐patient level and for development of more effective treatment strategies.
Surgical relevance
Cytoreductive surgery followed by hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has improved prognosis of patients with peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer, but disease recurrence is common. More effective and personalized HIPEC is urgently needed. Organoid technology is frequently used for drug screens, as patient‐derived organoids can accurately predict clinical therapeutic response in vitro.
Meta‐analysis of the role of colonoscopy after an episode of left‐sided acute diverticulitis. BJS 2019; 106: 988-997.
Authors: S. J. Rottier, S. T. Dijk, A. A. W. Geloven, W. H. Schreurs, W. A. Draaisma, W. A. Enst et al.
Randomized clinical trial
Multicentre randomized clinical trial of colonic J pouch or straight stapled colorectal reconstruction after low anterior resection for rectal cancer.
Authors: S. Pucciarelli, P. Del Bianco, U. Pace, F. Bianco, A. Restivo, I. Maretto et al.
Mechanisms of immunogenicity in colorectal cancer.
Authors: T. O. Sillo, A. D. Beggs, D. G. Morton, G. Middleton
Meta‐analysis of the effect of extending the interval after long‐course chemoradiotherapy before surgery in locally advanced rectal cancer.
Authors: É. J. Ryan, D. P. O'Sullivan, M. E. Kelly, A. Z. Syed, P. C. Neary, P. R. O'Connell et al.
Randomized clinical trial of accelerated enhanced recovery after minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery (RecoverMI trial).
Authors: B. K. Bednarski, T. P. Nickerson, Y. N. You, C. A. Messick, B. Speer, V. Gottumukkala et al.
Postoperative complications in relation to overall treatment time in patients with rectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant radiotherapy.
Authors: J. Erlandsson, D. Pettersson, B. Glimelius, T. Holm, A. Martling
Immunogenomic profiles associated with response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.
Authors: T. Akiyoshi, N. Tanaka, K. Kiyotani, O. Gotoh, N. Yamamoto, K. Oba et al.
BRAF mutation is not associated with an increased risk of recurrence in patients undergoing resection of colorectal liver metastases.
Authors: J.‐B. Bachet, N. Moreno‐Lopez, L. Vigano, U. Marchese, M. Gelli, L. Raoux et al.
Propensity score‐matched analysis of oncological outcome between stent as bridge to surgery and emergency resection in patients with malignant left‐sided colonic obstruction. BJS 2019; 106: 1075-1086.
Authors: F. J. Amelung, W. A. A. Borstlap, E. C. J. Consten, J. V. Veld, E. E. van Halsema, W. A. Bemelman et al.
Systematic review of outcomes after total neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. BJS 2019; 106: 979-987.
Authors: A. Zaborowski, A. Stakelum, D. C. Winter
Morbidity and oncological outcomes of rectal cancer impaired by previous prostate malignancy. BJS 2019; 106: 1087-1098.
Authors: Z. Lakkis, D. Vernerey, D. Mege, J.‐L. Faucheron, Y. Panis, J.‐J. Tuech et al.
Association between surgeon special interest and mortality after emergency laparotomy. BJS 2019; 106: 940-948.
Authors: H. Boyd‐Carson, B. Doleman, P. J. J. Herrod, I. D. Anderson, J. P. Williams, J. N. Lund et al.


text:
Q: Cramer Rao lower bound in Cauchy distribution
I need to calculate the Cramer Rao lower bound of variance for the parameter $\theta$ of the distribution $$f(x)=\frac{1}{\pi(1+(x-\theta)^2)}$$

How do I proceed I have calculated $$4 E\frac{(X-\theta)^2}{1+X^2+\theta^2-2X\theta}$$
Can somebody help

A: Suppose $X\sim C(\theta,1)$, a Cauchy distribution with location $\theta$ and scale unity.
For $\theta\in\mathbb R$, the pdf of $X$ is
$$f_{\theta}(x)=\frac{1}{\pi(1+(x-\theta)^2)}\qquad,\,x\in\mathbb R$$
Clearly, $$\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\ln f_{\theta}(x)=-\frac{2(x-\theta)}{1+(x-\theta)^2}$$
Therefore,
$$E_{\theta}\left[\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\ln f_{\theta}(X)\right]^2=4E_{\theta}\left[\frac{X-\theta}{1+(X-\theta)^2}\right]^2\tag{1}$$
Now for every $\theta$,
\begin{align}
E_{\theta}\left[\frac{X-\theta}{1+(X-\theta)^2}\right]^2
&=\frac{1}{\pi}\int_{\mathbb R}\left[\frac{x-\theta}{1+(x-\theta)^2}\right]^2\frac{1}{1+(x-\theta)^2}\,\mathrm{d}x
\\&=\frac{1}{\pi}\int_{\mathbb R}\frac{(x-\theta)^2}{(1+(x-\theta)^2)^3}\,\mathrm{d}x\\&=\frac{2}{\pi}\int_0^\infty\frac{t^2}{(1+t^2)^3}\,\mathrm{d}t
\\&=\frac{1}{\pi}\int_0^\infty\frac{\sqrt u}{(1+u)^3}\,\mathrm{d}u
\\&=\frac{1}{\pi}B\left(\frac{3}{2},\frac{3}{2}\right)
\\&=\frac{1}{8}
\end{align}
So from $(1)$, we have the Fisher information
$$I(\theta)=E_{\theta}\left[\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\ln f_{\theta}(X)\right]^2=\frac{1}{2}\quad,\forall\,\theta$$
And Cramer-Rao lower bound for $\theta$ is $$\text{CRLB}(\theta)=\frac1{I(\theta)}=2 \quad,\forall\,\theta$$
In case $X_1,X_2,\ldots,X_n$ are i.i.d with pdf $f_{\theta}$, Fisher information in $\mathbf X=(X_1,\ldots,X_n)$ is
$$ I_{\mathbf X}(\theta)=n I(\theta)=\frac n2 \quad,\forall\,\theta$$
The Cramer-Rao bound for $\theta$ is then $\frac2n$ for every $\theta$.

A: First of all you should notice that there's no suficient estimator for the center of the bell $\theta$. Let's see this.
The likelihood for the Cauchy distribution is
$$L(x;\theta) = \prod _i^n \frac{1}{\pi\left [ 1+(x_i-\theta)^2 \right ]}, $$
and its logarithm is
$$\ln L(x;\theta) = -n \ln \pi -\sum_i^n\ln\left [ 1+(x_i-\theta)^2 \right ].$$
The estimator will maximize the likelihood and if there's a suficient estimator it's derivate can be factoriced i.e.:
$$\frac{\partial L(x;\theta)}{\partial \theta} = A(\theta)\left[t(x)-h(\theta)-b(\theta)\right], $$
where $A(\theta)$ is a function exclusively from the parameter, $t(x)$ is function exclusively of your data, $h(\theta$) is what you want to estimate and $b(\theta)$ is a possible bias.
If you derivate you should notice that the Cauchy distribution can not be factorized, but Cramer-Rao lets you find a bound for the variance, that is
$$ Var(t) \geq \frac{\left(\frac{\partial}{\partial \theta}(h+b)\right)^2}{E\left[(\frac{\partial}{\partial \theta}\ln L)^2\right]},$$
where the equality hold only if $\frac{\partial \ln L}{\partial \theta}$ can be factorized.
The most you can do is calculate the bound but it has no analytic closed solution for $\theta$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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With Movember upon us, some of the staff are again doing their bit to raise money for cancer research.
It's Moustache Season and the real men of Great Outdoors are growing fine moustaches for Movember! Please support our growing efforts and the 500 men who will die of prostate cancer and the more than 2,800 men who will be diagnosed this year.
Click on the Mo and show us some dough.


Jacob was there because his luck had run out—orphaned and penniless, he had no direction until he landed on this locomotive "ship of fools." It was the early part of the Great Depression, and everyone in this third-rate circus was lucky to have any job at all. Marlena, the star of the equestrian act, was there because she fell in love with the wrong man, a handsome circus boss with a wide mean streak. And Rosie the elephant was there because she was the great gray hope, the new act that was going to be the salvation of the circus; the only problem was, Rosie didn't have an act—in fact, she couldn't even follow instructions. The bond that grew among this unlikely trio was one of love and trust, and ultimately, it was their only hope for survival.


All young adults from 18 to around 25 years of age are welcome to join our Life Groups, which meet weekly. We're passionate about encountering a real, living God and seeing our lives transformed in the process. We place a high value on building a strong, relational, Young Adult community (Acts 2:42-47).
Check out our Life Groups page for more info and to get in touch with our Life Groups facilitators, who are more than happy to contact you to answer any questions you might have and help you find where you fit!


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What does PNG's very strategic location really mean?
Green development is one of the areas a global giant is looking to offer PNG.
BY BARNEY ORERE
borere@spp.com.pg
Prime Minister James Marape has been invited by Chinese Premier Xi Jinping to make a State Visit next year to sign a Free Trade Agreement.
This is a strategic development that comes on the back of other assistance such as in the area of infrastructure, climate change; among others.
But what of green development? Is it strategic? Let's take a look.
The world is turning greener than ever before. What big cities are concerned about is, being able to survive climate change – clean oxygen to stay alive or how to mitigate storm water drains and creeks that threaten to wreak havoc.
Being street smart means planning for the worst; for instance when the streets become running streams, fresh, safe water is not there, power outages, super bugs on the prowl or when you wake up one morning and a crocodile is at your doorstep. We no longer know what to expect!
Job losses, production, GDP and balance of payments are all part of the equation so it is a tough choice to make.
We go to the green city of Taipei to find out what they are doing over there about environment protection and transportation. Welcome to sponge city innovation.
SPONGE CITY
Energy conservation and carbon reduction in a city of 1.7 million vehicles is a tough call.
Highest carbon emission occurred in 2008 and they've reduced the levels 2.5 times since 2015. New reduction target is 25 per cent by the year 2030.
Measures to achieve green energy include energy saving and the use of renewable energy.
Green energy sources are wind power and solar energy. In solar power Taiwan is harnessing 2KW. By 2050 they have an ambitious plan to achieve 20KW.
The government provides incentives to businesses and citizens to drive this objective.
Scooters and motor cycles are very popular so they are experimenting with electric cars. My first taste of electricity-driven automation was not a car but a boat on Sun Moon Lake in Taichung City.
There was no noise at all and the effect on the surrounding environment was greatly reduced. For instance, there's a low flat island in the middle of the lake which is sacred.
We went past it but our electric boat did not generate threatening waves. The skipper later switched to carbon energy when the wind picked up.
The challenge for Taiwan is that 98 per cent of its energy depends on imports. The aim is to make Taiwan more independent and this is where they are turning their attention to renewable energy.
The source of strength for this is that 20 per cent of independent sources of power are renewable.
Total generation from nuclear power is 40 billion KW per year. Gas fire takes up 35 per cent. More than half of the population is against nuclear power plants and Taiwan is an island.
After 2025, nuclear power plants will be completely done away with.
Their energy policy is to have nuclear-free energy supply system but more renewables are needed to reach low carbon emission and attain independent supply. This will set up green growth for a green economy.
This is their carbon footprint.
Renewable energy options also include biomass, hydro and geothermal.
There are technological issues but by year 2025 the Taiwanese hope to achieve 20 per cent of independent power sources.
I visited the Longjing Changhua wind farm in Taichung City. The nine- metre tall turbines, facing the ocean stretched a kilometer, each turbine producing a total of 200KW. The wind farm is popular with tourists.
Taiwan experiences typhoons so they are taking advantage of that.
A low carbon community means green city so policies and participation by citizens through public private partnership will drive Taiwan's energy development. Street lights are replaced with LED lamps while it is becoming common for buildings to have gardens to reduce energy.
Out on the streets the sponge city innovation means having tree lines, comprehensive watershed management and sustainable water usage such as rainwater collecting systems below ground for the city government.
The Taipei Public Library Beitou Branch is the best example of a green library.
Located within a park, the library uses less energy, produces less waste and is user-friendly. All book shelves are chest-high so you can see the environment outside.
Designed in such a way, the tree tops are at window height, giving the impression of being inside a forest with creeks and the sound of waterfalls which you can hear.
There's air conditioning but they use solar, natural light and ventilation instead. This is the art of light and energy efficiency.
The plants reduce summer heat and radiation while the wooden superstructure allows rain water to soak into the ground for the ground to breathe. Cost of electricity has been reduced by 10 per cent which translates to a saving of $30,000 per year for the library.
ENERGY HAS BECOME A GLOBAL ISSUE AND GOING GREEN IS WAY OF
Climate change is a scourge we've created ourselves.
Small Pacific Island States such as Kiribati (pronounced Kiribas); mere specks in the ocean are in danger of sinking due to coastal inundation caused by rising sea level and violent storm surges. Carteret Islanders in Bougainville have become the world's first climate refugees.
Natural disasters are hitting industrialized countries and yet people there are not looking at the possibility that climate change is sneaking up on them.
Our climate change footprint has to be built into every aspect of national economy. Then you have a green policy. And as a developing country we have the opportunity to lead the future; we can't go down the same path as others if they are having problems.
THE TAIWAN GREEN WORLD MODEL
The Guardian reports that economies of rich countries will shrink by twice as much as they did in the 2020 COVID-19 crisis if they fail to tackle rising greenhouse gas emissions, according to research.
The G7 countries – the world's biggest industrialised economies – will lose 8.5 per cent of GDP a year, or nearly $5 trillion wiped off their economies, within 30 years if temperatures rise by 2.6C, as they are likely to on the basis of government pledges and policies around the world, according to research from Oxfam and the Swiss Re Institute.
PARIS CLIMATE ACCORD
The modeling by the insurance firm Swiss Re took account of the forecast direct impact of climate breakdown, including extreme weather such as droughts and floods, as well as the effects on agricultural productivity, health and heat stress.
Next: Part 7 – The value of Kina has dropped again. Read about how we took the first plunge and it seems our world will never be the same again. Something's got to be done about this.
Getting dressed for independence
Strategies for nationhood
Five decades of watching major events
The Post-Courier was born in 1969.
The coming of the Third South Pacific Games
Major event of 1969 was the Third South Pacific Games held at the newly-built Sir Hubert Murray Stadium in Konedobu, Port Moresby, held from 13 -23 August where 12 nations participated.
Building a university
Professor P H Karmel wrote the following article in The Canberra Times, February 4, 1966.


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Northumbria and Ryder Architecture win award for most innovative collaboration
Posted by Emily | Dec 1, 2017 | Business | 0
Northumbria University and Ryder have been recognised as the UK's most innovative collaboration between a business and a university in the Times Higher Education Awards.
The University and Ryder began collaborating seven years ago to develop a specialist centre of excellence for digital engineering and transformation, forming BIM Academy, which provides consultancy, research and education activities on Building Information Modelling to global clients.
This innovative approach has been recognised with the award for Most Innovative Contribution to Business-University Collaboration, sponsored by the National Centre for Universities and Business. The award is presented to the business that demonstrates the most imaginative and effective 'game-changing' partnership with an institution which has led to significant long-term benefits to the business, the university and the economy.
Through BIM Academy, Northumbria academics and graduates work with Ryder to support the digital transformation of the construction industry through Building Information Modelling. BIM Academy provides independent research-based expertise combined with practical industry experience which helps clients transform their businesses through the intelligent application of smart processes and digital technologies.
Thanks to the success of the partnership, BIM Academy has been commissioned to work on high-profile development projects in Europe, the Middle and Far East and Australasia including the Sydney Opera House and Hong Kong's M+ Museum. Most recently, it has been commissioned to provide BIM support to the Chinese creator of Forest City, a US$100 billion development off the coast of Malaysia, near Singapore.
Described as the 'Oscars of UK higher education', the Times Higher Education Awards attract entries from universities that exemplify talent, dedication and innovation across all aspects of university life.
Judges particularly praised the partnership for bringing vital competitive advantage to the UK construction industry.
Professor Glen McHale, Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Engineering and Environment at Northumbria University, said: "BIM Academy is one of our shining examples of truly innovative partnership working which has brought huge benefits to all involved. Our students and staff have benefitted from being able to apply their teaching and research into real-life contexts; our partners at Ryder have benefitted from the leading-edge research knowledge within the University, and of course, our clients have benefitted from this excellent combination of skills to transform their businesses.
"We were shortlisted against some excellent collaborative partnerships and are delighted that the judges recognised how distinctive our work in this area has been over the past seven years.
Peter Barker, partner at Ryder and managing director of BIM Academy, said: "It is very rewarding to see that our team's hard work has paid off in growing our joint venture to be an internationally successful commercial business, as well as a centre of academic research excellence for the digital construction sector."
Last month, BIM Academy was also recognised at the BT Dynamites17 awards, winning the international success award for its work in delivering building information modelling consultancy and research to clients across the world.
For more information visit www.bimacademy.global
Northumbria is a research-rich, business-focused, professional university with a global reputation for academic excellence. To find out more about our courses go to www.northumbria.ac.uk
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Your kitchen is probably the most frequented room of your home. It should be functional.
Your kitchen is a room of great importance, distinguishing the entire living space in your home. That is why selecting the right kitchen designer is just as important as planning your new kitchen remodel, kitchen design or kitchen renovation. The team at Distinctive Cabinetry has the knowledge, expertise and experience to take your vision, match it to your practical needs, and create the ideal custom designer kitchen to compliment your home and lifestyle. Our East Bay Kitchen Designer has 40+ years experience designing kitchens. Stop by to meet Steve or consult him on a project!
We feature handmade kitchen cabinets ranging from traditional to modern and from economical to high end cabinetry… and everything in between. Our variety of modern worktops, sinks, basins, handles and cabinet doors will impress the most selective buyer. Because we purchase our appliances and accessories from the best suppliers in the market, you are ensured the finest quality products.
Planning a new kitchen involves several major aspects – flooring, appliances, and cabinets. Kitchen cabinet designs vary according to materials, style, size, color, and shape and can cost anywhere from $2,500 to $10,000 or more! To pick the cabinets that will work best for your kitchen, you'll need to figure the size and shape of your kitchen as well as your budget.
Basic kitchen cabinet designs include stock cabinets, semi-custom, and custom cabinets. The least expensive are stock cabinets, which are pre-built in a factory and require the shortest length of time for installation. Stock cabinets are practical and can be used in most standard kitchens, but these limit your ability to personalize your kitchen decor if you want a more custom look.
Semi-custom cabinets are built when your order is placed and are designed to meet specific needs. They have more customizable features than stock cabinets, but are not fully personalized. Then there are custom cabinets, which are truly tailored to your specifications and usually built on-site. These may take a few months to complete, so shop early on to get the process rolling.
Kitchen cabinet designs can be simple or fancy. They can be straight and rectangular in shape with no artistic designs, or creatively crafted at the top with decorative carvings on the cabinet doors. Some cabinets have a few glass doors to add a luxurious touch. Some are made of stainless steel, while others are made completely of maple wood, birch, hickory, oak, or cherry. A less costly option would be veneer or laminate cabinets. Try to avoid particle board or fiberboard cabinets as these have a tendency to warp or sag when subjected to moisture over time. Also, consider if you want the most widely used "face frame" cabinets or frameless selections.
Cabinet finishes for natural wood cabinets include glaze, stain, or paint, or there are special finishing techniques such as rub-thru, antiquing, or rasping.
Much of your kitchen decor will revolve around your cabinet design and colors, so choose wisely. Shop around and compare pricing on high quality cabinets. Choose cabinets within your budget that have solid frames, drawers, and doors. Look for features such as reinforced corners and closed backs. Compare the storage space in each set of cabinets, and avoid fancy contraptions if you don't need them.
What are your kitchen decorating ideas? Think of how the cabinets will look with the counter tops and flooring you choose as well as a kitchen decorating theme you would like to use. If you plan to change your kitchen decor often, opt for cabinets you can paint or re-stain easily so you can create a new look whenever you want. Go for simple designs that fit your needs to keep the expense of buying the cabinets and installing them to a minimum.
The numerous kitchen cabinet designs enable you to find just the right look and fit for your kitchen. Make this decision a priority before remodeling or building a new kitchen.
Our East Bay Area showroom displays a vast and unique range of custom designer kitchens to suit everyone's tastes and budget. View our website Online Gallery to see a preview of our different handmade kitchens and cabinets. We invite you to drop by our public showroom, in the East Bay and discover our kitchen designs in person. Our professional kitchen designers are on site and are happy to assist.
Since 1981, Distinctive Cabinetry has earned the reputation as one of the best high-end custom cabinet suppliers in the Bay Area. We strive for excellence in serving contractors, builders, interior decorators and architects.
Our expert kitchen designers can make the most of the available spaces in your home. We take pride in delivering a wonderful, high-quality product and are committed to your satisfaction.


The parties may resolve any child support case by entering a consent order or an agreed settlement.
(1) The division of child support (DCS) may enter a consent order or agreed settlement to finalize any dispute in which a party requests a hearing. DCS attempts to settle matters through agreement when possible.
(a) An agreed settlement is signed only by the parties to the dispute.
(ii) The ALJ approves a consent order without requiring testimony or a hearing, unless entry of the order would be unlawful.
(iii) The date the order of default is final. See WAC 388-14A-6110 and 388-14A-6115 to determine whether the ALJ issues an initial order or a final order.
(c) Petition to vacate the settlement or consent order under WAC 388-14A-3700. However, the ALJ may only vacate a settlement or consent order after making a finding of fraud by a party, or on any other basis that would result in manifest injustice.
(4) If a hearing has been scheduled, DCS files a copy of the agreed settlement or consent order with the office of administrative hearings (OAH), and OAH issues an order dismissing the hearing. There are no hearing rights on the order dismissing the hearing.
(5) An agreed settlement or consent order entered under this section must comply with the requirements of WAC 388-14A-6300 if the dispute concerns a notice and finding of financial responsibility or a notice and finding of parental responsibility or other notice or petition to determine the amount of a support obligation.


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This is What Happened When the Japanese and NYC Tech Ecosystems Came Together
April 13, 2016 by AlleyVoice
The time has come for Japan to make its triumph in the world of startups and innovation. The first IF Conference bridged the gap between the New York startup scene and Japanese entrepreneurs with the goal of fostering a community that thrives on knowledge exchange between the two ecosystems.
The event brought to you by Japan NYC Startups featured an all day immersive education into the world of Japanese startups; what they have to overcome to embark on the pathway to America and showcasing some Japanese entrepreneurs have navigated their way to success. Nulab, Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman, Microsoft, IT Eno, and Sapporo were just a few of the sponsors for the thought provoking event.
A keynote from William Lohse dived into the core issues Japan entrepreneurs face when trying to their ideas, products, and services to the American market. Lohse is the General Partner of Social Starts and renowned international investor who clearly supports the Japanese entrepreneurs in their quest to prove their value proposition to American consumers and investors.
"There's a misunderstanding of growth. The perception of Japan is that it's a shrinking marketplace," said Lohse. Lohse's advice to Japanese startups is simple in that all you need to do is "come to America, jump in, make friends, and sell."
With Japanese consumers spending the most time online per capita and with the Japanese market being a leading one in terms of advertising spending; it's surprising to think investors have glossed over Japan as a valuable and viable investment market for entrepreneurial activity.
Culture was also a big discussion throughout the conference since its the most prominent issue when appealing to both American consumers and investors.
"If you choose to start a startup in Japan, people would start to question you. In Israel and the United States, trying something new is so rewarding. People really encourage you to take ownership and take those challenging next steps," said Rie Yano, Co-CEO of Material Wrld, a luxury fashion trade-in service for customers to earn upfront shopping credit at top retailers.
Overall, there was a spirit of optimism for the future of Japanese startups. "Startups across the US and Japan came together in NYC. Thorough this conference, we increased awareness local startups with Japanese connections, as well as startups from Japan. I believe this conference made a first step to become the gateway to and from Japan," said Masa Okunishi, Founder of Rising Startups.
Takeshi Komoto, Executive Director of The Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) in NY, also fully appreciates the event as a way to bring more relevance to the Japanese startup market. "I am supporting the If Conference, which is bridging two awesome startup communities, in NYC and in Japan. I hope our friends in the NYC startup community found that there are many amazing Japanese startups through this event. I am confident that going forward the If Conference will serve as a gateway between the two communities."
Japanese entrepreneurs seem to have proven to possess all the right characteristics to help Japan become the next huge startup market; companies like Whill offer proof through its CEO Satoshi Sugie.
Whill is a recently FDA-approved personal mobility device that is revolutionizing the functionality and design of powered wheelchairs. The company is based out of Silicon Vallley since Sugie made a conscious decision to start the company in the United States versus his home in Japan due to a larger number of wheelchair users in America.
The company has had an impressive story with a recent partnership with the Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport (CVG) to create a personal mobility solution for airports while the company also was recently featured in the new Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice movie that came out in March. Whill has raised already $13M in investment, from backers that include notable names like 500 Startups and NTT Docomo, since its founding back in 2012.
Image credit: Twitter
Filed Under: #NYCTech, AlleyTalk, The Watch
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