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ECNL FLORIDA - Day One Recap
by ECNL
The National Selection Games are some of the best games at every ECNL National Event. All-star teams battling each other and showcasing the talents of each and every player.
It was much of the same at ECNL Florida – Club Competition, where the two National Selection Games had very different results and yet did a fantastic job of highlighting the high level of play by every athlete and what makes these types of games so special.
The U16/17 National Selection Game was filled with action straight from the opening whistle. Right off the bat, Team East took it to Team West, and it wasn't long before East found the back of the net. Coming out swinging, Izzy Engle of Minnesota Thunder Academy opened the scoring for Team East, and she was quickly followed by World Class FC's Claire Hutton, giving her squad a 2-0 lead 15 minutes into the match.
"There's a reason some of them thrive in this type of environment," said Team East coach Santino Quaranta. "Our midfielders, Claire Hutton and Izzy Engle, they were very confident all night and when you talk about big stages, sometimes a player may be nervous. But they thrived in those moments."
Despite falling into a 2-0 hole, Team West refused to be discouraged and started chipping away and their deficit. Midway through the half, the team was rewarded for their efforts, cutting into their opponent's lead by making it a 2-1 game.
As the half came to a close, Team East regained its firm grasp on the game, knocking in two tallies in the final minutes of the half to take a 4-1 lead into the break.
"I think our group tonight was really good in their approach," Quaranta said. "The way they went about the game, they were aggressive and confident from the start and to score four goals in the first half was really impressive."
That 4-1 lead was very short-lived, however. Making adjustments at halftime, Team West exploded for three goals within the first 15 minutes of the half, completely erasing Team East's lead and setting up a very exciting close to the contest.
The two teams continued to trade punch and counterpunch, looking for the go-ahead goal that would keep their respective side in the lead for good. And each team had their moments, where it looked like victory was imminent. However, it was Team East who has able to finally pull ahead for good, scoring two goals late in the half to give Team East the 6-4 win.
"Before the game, we talked about enjoying these moments, but these girls are also competitors," Quaranta said. "We wanted to perform well, but the girls also wanted to win the game. After those goals, Keri (Sarver, Team East's Co-Coach) made some changes and the girls responded. They found a way to win and I thought they deserved to win."
Meanwhile, in the U18/19 game, it was a battle between the NSG roster and FC Stars. The two sides were completely committed to defense throughout the match. Throughout the game, each attack was met with stifling defense, doing just enough to keep the ball out of the net.
For the first half, both sides were feeling each other out, trying to find weaknesses in each backline. But as the half wore on, it became apparent that finding those weaknesses would be tough. Both the NSG squad and FC Stars each had close chances to break through, but ultimately, the two sides headed to the half deadlocked 0-0.
The defensive battle continued into the second half, and it appeared the game was destined for a scoreless draw until Shae O'Rourke (WNY Flash) found the back of the net for the U18/19 NSG team midway through the second.
"Scoring that goal was amazing and such a rewarding experience," O'Rourke said. "Without the team, it wouldn't have been possible. Our team was amazing and I couldn't have played as well as I did without their support and the support of my WNY Flash teammates cheering me on from the sidelines."
Now armed with a lead, the NSG team reaffirmed its dedication to keeping the ball out of their net, while FC Stars, already pushing for a tally, put more numbers forward in hopes of an equalizer. However, the NSG backline stood strong, and at the final whistle, the NSG side earned a tough 1-0 win.
"Playing in this game was an amazing experience," O'Rourke said. "The whole atmosphere was intense but so much fun to play in. Playing with and against some of the best players in the ECNL is something I'll never forget."


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Ürge-Vorsatz D, Gomez-Echeverri L, Clair AL, Jones F, Graham P. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all. International Council for Science, International Council for Social Science, editor. Paris: International Council for Science; 2015.
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Ürge-Vorsatz D, Reith A, Korytárová K, Egyed M, Dollenstein J. MONETARY BENEFITS OF AMBITIOUS BUILDING ENERGY POLICIES. Network GBP, editor. Budapest, Paris: ABUD (Advanced Building and Urban Design) for the Global Building Performance Network (GBPN)Global Buildings Performance Network; 2015.
Cabeza LF, Ürge-Vorsatz D, McNiel M, Barrenechea C, Serranoa S. Investigating greenhouse challenge from growing trends of electricity consumption through home appliances in buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014;36(August):188-93.
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Ürge-Vorsatz D, Herrero ST, Dubash NK, Lecocq F. Measuring the co-benefits of climate change mitigation. Annual Review of Environment and Resources. 2014;39:549-82.
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Measuring the co-benefits of climate change mitigation
Co-benefits rarely enter quantitative decision-support frameworks, often because themethodologies for their integration are lacking or not known. This review fills in this gap by providing comprehensive methodological guidance on the quantification of co-impacts and their integration into climate-related decision making based on the literature. The article first clarifies the confusion in the literature about related terms and makes a proposal for a more consistent terminological framework, then emphasizes the importance of working in a multiple-objective-multiple-impact framework. It creates a taxonomy of co-impacts and uses this to propose a methodological framework for the identification of the key co-impacts to be assessed for a given climate policy and to avoid double counting. It reviews the different methods available to quantify and monetize different co-impacts and introduces three methodological frameworks that can be used to integrate these results into decision making. On the basis of an initial assessment of selected studies, it also demonstrates that the incorporation of co-impacts can significantly change the outcome of economic assessments. Finally, the review calls for major new research and innovation toward simplified evaluation methods and streamlined tools for more widely applicable appraisals of co-impacts for decision making.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Cabeza LF, Serrano S, Barreneche C, Petrichenko K. Heating and cooling energy trends and drivers in buildings. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014;41:85-98.
Heating and cooling energy trends and drivers in buildings
The purpose of this paper is to provide a source of information on thermal energy use in buildings, its drivers, and their past, present and future trends on a global and regional basis. Energy use in buildings forms a large part of global and regional energy demand. The importance of heating and cooling in total building energy use is very diverse with this share varying between 18% and 73%. Biomass is still far the dominant fuel when a global picture is considered; the role of electricity is substantially growing, and the direct use of coal is disappearing from this sector, largely replaced by electricity and natural gas in the most developed regions. This paper identifies the different drivers of heating and cooling energy demand, and decomposes this energy demand into key drivers based on a Kaya identity approach: number of households, persons per household, floor space per capita and specific energy consumption for residential heating and cooling; and GDP, floor space per GDP, and specific energy consumption for commercial buildings. This paper also reviews the trends in the development of these drivers for the present, future - and for which data were available, for the past - in 11 world regions as well as globally. Results show that in a business-as-usual scenario, total residential heating and cooling energy use is expected to more or less stagnate, or slightly decrease, in the developed parts of the world. In contrast, commercial heating and cooling energy use will grow in each world region. Finally, the results show that per capita total final residential building energy use has been stagnating in the vast majority of world regions for the past three decades, despite the very significant increases in energy service levels in each of these regions.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Petrichenko K, Antal M, Staniec M. Cutting the energy use of buildings: How deep can the planet go?. ECEEE, editor.; 2013.
Graham P, Laustsen J, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Going deep in energy consumption in buildings: How to achieve the best case scenario for deep savings in building energy consumption. European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, editor.; 2013.
Boza-Kiss B, Moles-Grueso S, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Evaluating policy instruments to foster energy efficiency for the sustainable transformation of buildings. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2013;5(2):163.
Evaluating policy instruments to foster energy efficiency for the sustainable transformation of buildings.
Highlights: [•] All policy instruments reviewed have the potential to generate economic benefits. [•] Regulations and labels seem to work cost-effectively in many environments. [•] Voluntary agreements are comparable to standards, but need specific environment. [•] Information programs are size and design sensitive. [•] Public leadership procurement programs have hidden impacts under other instruments. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]Copyright of Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Petrichenko K, Staniec M, Eom J. Energy use in buildings in a long-term perspective. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability. 2013;5(2):141.
Energy use in buildings in a long-term perspective.
Highlights: [•] Key challenges related to energy use in buildings are discussed. [•] The main strategies to mitigate energy use-related challenges are presented. [•] Considerable potential for energy savings in buildings is demonstrated by 2050. [•] Global lock-in risk is quantified: 80% of 2005 energy savings can be locked by 2050. [•] The mitigation scenarios of other well-known models are analyzed and compared. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]Copyright of Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability is the property of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Ribeiro SK, Roy J, Ürge-Vorsatz D, Figueroa M. Energy systems in the context of sustainable development. Energy systems. 2013;5(2):136-40.
Cabeza LF, Barreneche C, Miró L, Martínez M, Fernández IA, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Affordable construction towards sustainable buildings: review on embodied energy in building materials. Energy systems. 2013;5(2):229-36.
Affordable construction towards sustainable buildings: review on embodied energy in building materials
Affordable construction has identified low embodied energy in materials as key issue. This review paper shows that even though there is a lack of research on this topic, embodied energy and carbon are studied in the context of buildings and construction materials. Moreover, comparison between studies is not possible due to the different assumptions used by the researchers, due to the fact that most studies are focused in a given location, and also due to the great variation between data presented in the embodied energy databases available. This paper shows different studies published in scientific journal papers and carried out around the world on the accounting of embodied energy in building materials. The paper includes the boundary of each of this study, including the location, type of material or building studied, and the conclusions found. Moreover, the paper discusses the definition of embodied energy and the significance of this concept in buildings.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Eyre N, Graham P, Harvey D, Hertwich E, Jiang Y, et al. Energy End-Use: Buildings. In: Johansson TB, Nakicenovic N, Patwardhan A, Gomez-Echeverri L, editors. Global Energy Assessment - Toward a Sustainable Future. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2012. p. 649-760.
Korytarova K, Ürge-Vorsatz D. ENERGY SAVINGS POTENTIAL IN HUNGARIAN PUBLIC BUILDINGS. SCENARIOS FOR 2030 AND BEYOND.; 2012.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Tirado Herrero S. Building synergies between climate change mitigation and energy poverty alleviation. Energy Policy. 2012;49:83-90.
Building synergies between climate change mitigation and energy poverty alleviation
Even though energy poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation are inextricably linked policy goals, they have remained as relatively disconnected fields of research inquiry and policy development. Acknowledging this gap, this paper explores the mainstream academic and policy literatures to provide a taxonomy of interactions and identify synergies and trade-offs between them. The most important trade-off identified is the potential increase in energy poverty levels as a result of strong climate change action if the internalisation of the external costs of carbon emissions is not offset by efficiency gains. The most significant synergy was found in deep energy efficiency in buildings. The paper argues that neither of the two problems – deep reductions in GHG emissions by mid-century, and energy poverty eradication – is likely to be solved fully on their own merit, while joining the two policy goals may provide a very solid case for deep efficiency improvements. Thus, the paper calls for a strong integration of these two policy goals (plus other key related benefits like energy security or employment), in order to provide sufficient policy motivation to mobilise a wide-scale implementation of deep energy efficiency standards.
Pachauri S, Ürge-Vorsatz D, LaBelle M. Synergies between Energy Efficiency and Energy Access Policies and Strategies. Global Policy. 2012.
Tirado Herrero S, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Trapped in the heat: A post-communist type of fuel poverty. Energy Policy. 2012;49:60-8.
Trapped in the heat: A post-communist type of fuel poverty
Fuel poverty is a still insufficiently researched social and energy challenge with significant climate change implications. Based on evidence from Hungarian panel apartment blocks connected to district heating, this paper introduces a new variant of fuel poverty that may not be properly captured by existing fuel poverty indicators. This newly defined variant can be largely attributed to post-communist legacies - though it might also exist in other contexts - and assumes that consumers living in poor-efficiency, district-heated buildings are trapped in dwellings with adequate indoor temperatures but disproportionately high heating costs because (a) changing supplier or fuel is difficult because of the existing technical and institutional constraints, and (b) they do not realistically have the option to reduce individually their heating costs through individual efficiency improvements. This situation often translates into payment arrears, indebtedness, risk of disconnection, or reduced consumption of other basic goods and services. State-supported policy responses to date have favoured symptomatic solutions (direct consumer support) combined with superficial retrofits, though it is argued that only state-of-the-art retrofits such as the passive house-based SOLANOVA pilot project in Dunaújváros can fully eradicate fuel poverty in this consumer group. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Even though energy poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation are inextricably linked policy goals, they have remained as relatively disconnected fields of research inquiry and policy development. Acknowledging this gap, this paper explores the mainstream academic and policy literatures to provide a taxonomy of interactions and identify synergies and trade-offs between them. The most important trade-off identified is the potential increase in energy poverty levels as a result of strong climate change action if the internalisation of the external costs of carbon emissions is not offset by efficiency gains. The most significant synergy was found in deep energy efficiency in buildings. The paper argues that neither of the two problems - deep reductions in GHG emissions by mid-century, and energy poverty eradication - is likely to be solved fully on their own merit, while joining the two policy goals may provide a very solid case for deep efficiency improvements. Thus, the paper calls for a strong integration of these two policy goals (plus other key related benefits like energy security or employment), in order to provide sufficient policy motivation to mobilise a wide-scale implementation of deep energy efficiency standards. © 2012.
Pachauri S, Ürge-Vorsatz D, LaBelle M. Synergies between energy efficiency and energy access policies and strategies. Global Policy. 2012;3(2):187-97.
Synergies between energy efficiency and energy access policies and strategies
Policies to improve energy access and energy efficiency are often discussed, designed and assessed in isolation from each other. In this paper, we highlight possible synergies in these two domains of policy making by looking specifically at some key household end uses that are the first to be met once improved access has been provided. By building in efficiency considerations at the very inception of activities aimed at improving access, effective energy supply available is potentially increased, the level of energy services that can be provided by the existing capacity and infrastructure or from existing budgets available is also enhanced, and the potential for reducing the cost for those populations for which cost has the highest consideration is also improved. In particular, we recommend two areas where policy maybe leveraged to benefit both access and efficiency objectives, first in the setting of standards, labels and codes and second coupling energy subsidies for access with rebates or grants for more efficient end use devices. © 2012 London School of Economics and Political Science and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Tirado-Herrero S, Wójcik‐Gront E, Labzina E, Foley P. Employment Impacts of a Large‐Scale Deep Building Energy Retrofit Programme in Poland - Full Report. Den Haag: European Climate Foundation; 2012.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Tirado-Herrero S, Wójcik-Gront E, Labzina E, Foley P. Employment Impacts of a Large-Scale Deep Building Energy Retrofit Programme in Poland - Executive Summary. for and Policy CCCSE, Foundation EC, editors. Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy; 2012.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Petrichenko K, Antal M, Staniec M, LaBelle M, Ozden E, et al. Best Practice Policies for Low Carbon & Energy Buildings Based on Scenario Analysis. Full report.. Network GBP, editor. Paris and Budapest: Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy (3CSEP) of CEU and Global Buildings Performance Network (GBPN); 2012.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Petrichenko K, Antal M, Staniec M, LaBelle M. Best Practice Policies for Low Carbon & Energy Buildings Based on Scenario Analysis. Executive Summary.. Paris and Budapest: Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy (3CSEP) and Global Buildings Performance Network (GBPN); 2012.
Ravindranath NH, Sims RE, Ürge-Vorsatz D, Beerepoot M, Chaturvedi RK, Neretin L. Climate Change: A Scientific Assessment for the GEF. and of the Facility TSTAPGE, editor. Washington D.C., USA: Global Environment Facility; 2012.
Höhne N, Kejun J, Rogelj J, Segafredo L, da Motta RS, Shukla PR, et al. The Emissions Gap Report 2012. Alcamo J, Christensen J, Kirby A, Metz B, Leonard SA, Olhoff A, editors. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP); 2012.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Tirado Herrero S, Wójcik-Gront E, Foley P. Employment Impacts of a Large-Scale Deep Building Energy Retrofit Programme in Poland. Budapest: Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy (3CSEP); 2012.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Tirado Herrero S, Wójcik-Gront E, Labzina E, Foley P. Employment Impacts of a Large-Scale Deep Building Energy Retrofit Programme in Poland - Executive Summary. Den Haag: European Climate Foundation; 2012.
Tirado-Herrero S, Ürge-Vorsatz D, Arena D, Telegdy A. Co-benefits quantified: employment, energy security and fuel poverty implications of the large-scale, deep retrofitting of the Hungarian building stock. European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy, editor. European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy; 2011.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Petrichenko K, Butcher AC. How far can buildings take us in solving climate change? A novel approach to building energy and related emission forecasting. for an Economy ECEE, editor.; 2011.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Tirado Herrero S. Building Synergies Between Climate Change Mitigation and Energy Poverty Alleviation. Energy Policy. 2011;(19 January 2012).
Even though energy poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation are in extricably linked policy goals, they have remained as relatively disconnected fields of research inquiry and policy development. Acknowledging this gap, this paper explores the mainstream academic and policy literatures to provide a taxonomy of interactions and identify synergies and trade-offs between them. The most important trade-off identified is the potential increase in energy poverty levels as a result of strong climate change action if the internalisation of the external costs of carbon emissions is not offset by efficiency gains. The most significant synergy was found in deep energy efficiency in buildings. The paper argues that neither of the two problems – deep reduction sin GHG emissions by mid-century, and energy poverty eradication – is likely to be solved fully on their own merit, while joining the two policy goals may provide a very solid case for deep efficiency improvements. Thus, the paper calls for a strong integration of these two policy goals (plus other key related benefits like energy security or employment), in order to provide sufficient policy motivation to mobilize a wide-scale implementation of deep energy efficiency standards.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Arena D, Telegdy Á, Tirado Herrero S, Butcher A, Kőpataki É. Munkahelyteremtés energiahatékonysággal? Egy széleskörű, komplex, mély épületfelújítási program foglalkoztatásra gyakorolt hatásai Magyarországon. Magyar Energetika. 2011;2011/1-2:2-6.
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Munkahelyteremtés energiahatékonysággal? Egy széleskörű, komplex, mély épületfelújítási program foglalkoztatásra gyakorolt hatásai Magyarországon
Magyarországon, a hasonló gazdasági problémákkal küzdő és kevésbé gazdag országokhoz hasonlóan, az éghajlatváltozás elleni küzdelem, súlya ellenére sem kerülhet bele a legmagasabb prioritású politikai célkitűzések közé. Viszont az ügy fontossága, valamint Magyarország politikai környezete miatt, vagyis a klímavédelemben a világon élenjáró Európai Unió részeként, nekünk is ki kell vennünk a probléma ellen való küzdelemben a részünket. Ilyen körülmények között rendkívül fontos megtalálni azokat a klímavédelmi intézkedéseket, amelyek egyszerre több gazdasági, társadalmi, politikai cél elérését mozdítják elő, a klímavédelmi hatásokon kívül. Erre a célra talán a legalkalmasabb terület az energiahatékonyság növelése, hiszen ezek járulékos hasznai sokszor sokkal nagyobbak, mint magából a klímavédelemből származók.
Tirado Herrero S, Ürge-Vorsatz D. INVESTING IN ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN BUILDINGS WITH DISTRICT HEATING. BUILDINGS COHESIONPOLICYINVESTINGINENERGYEFFICIENCYIN, editor. Brussels: European Commission; 2011.
Blok K, Hare W, Höhne N, Kainuma M, Kejun J, Lee DS, et al. Bridging the Emissions Gap: a UNEP Synthesis Report.. Alcamo J, Adegoke J, Ribeiro SK et al., editors. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme); 2011.
Tirado Herrero S, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Trapped in the heat: the post-communist genre of fuel poverty. Energy Policy; 2011.
Korytarova K, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Energy savings potential in the Hungarian public buildings for space heating. In: IEECB'10: Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings. Frankfurt, Germany: Joint Research Centre of the European Commission; 2010.
Monique Hoogwijk, de la Rue du Can S, Novikova A, Ürge-Vorsatz D, Blomen E, Blok K. Assessment of bottom-up sectoral and regional mitigation potentials. Energy Policy. 2010;38:3044-57.
Tirado Herrero S, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Energiaszegénység Magyarországon: első értékelés (Fuel poverty in Hungary: a first assessment). Budapest: Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy at Central European University and Védegylet; 2010.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Arena D, Tirado Herrero S, Butcher A, Telegdy Á, Fegyverneky S, et al. Employment Impacts of a Large-Scale Deep Building Energy Retrofit Programme in Hungary. Budapest: Central European University; 2010.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Arena D, Tirado Herrero S, Butcher A, Telegdy Á, Fegyverneky S, et al. Employment Impacts of a Large-Scale Deep Building Energy Retrofit Programme in Hungary: Executive Summary. Budapest: Central European University; 2010.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Arena D, Tirado Herrero S, Butcher A, Telegdy Á, Fegyverneky S, et al. Employment Impacts of a Large-Scale Deep Building Energy Retrofit Programme in Hungary: Technical Summary. Budapest: Central European University; 2010.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Arena D, Tirado Herrero S, Butcher A, Telegdy Á, Fegyverneky S, et al. Egy nagyszabású, energia-megtakarítást célzó, komplex épület-felújítási program hatása a foglalkoztatásra Magyarországon: Technikai összefoglaló. Budapest: Central European University; 2010.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Arena D, Tirado Herrero S, Butcher A, Telegdy Á, Fegyverneky S, et al. Egy nagyszabású, energia-megtakarítást célzó, komplex épület-felújítási program hatása a foglalkoztatásra Magyarországon: Vezetői összefoglaló. Budapest: Central European University; 2010.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Arena D, Tirado Herrero S, Butcher A, Telegdy Á, Fegyverneky S, et al. Egy nagyszabású, energia-megtakarítást célzó, komplex épület-felújítási program hatása a foglalkoztatásra Magyarországon. Budapest: Central European University; 2010.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Arena D, Tirado Herrero S, Butcher A. Employment Impacts of a Large-Scale Deep Building Energy Retrofit Programme in Hungary. Budapest: Center for Climate Change and Sustainable Energy Policy (3CSEP); 2010.
Tuerk A, Frieden D, Sharmina M, Schreiber H, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Working Paper Green Investment Schemes: First experiences and lessons learned. Joanneum Research, Graz; 2010.
Novikova A, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Potential for carbon dioxide mitigation in the Hungarian residential buildings. In: of(AEE) AEE, editor. KLÍMAVÁLTOZÁS, ENERGIATUDATOSSÁG, ENERGIAHATÉKONYSÁG (Climate Change, Energy Awareness, Energy Efficiency). Szeged: Hungarian chapter of AEE; 2009.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Boza-Kiss B, Sharmina M, Loftus A-, Novikova A, Novikova V. Influence of the end-user behaviour on energy consumption patterns in the Hungarian domestic sector: results of the REMODECE project.. In: the V International Energy Conference 'Climate Change – Energy Awareness – Energy Efficiency' . Szeged Hungary; 2009.
Mehaffy M, Cowan S, Ürge-Vorsatz D. The Factors of Urban Morphology in Greenhouse Gas Emissions: A Research Overview. In: IARU Scientific Congress. Copenhagen; 2009.
Ürge-Vorsatz D. Európa nagyot lépett – növelni kell a megújuló energiaforrások arányát.. 2009:94-7.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Metz B. Energy efficiency: how far does it get us in controlling climate change? (editorial).. 2009;2(2):87-94.
Special Issue: Energy Efficiency: how far does it get us in controlling climate change?. 2009.
Tuerk A, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Implementing Green Investment Schemes: options, first experiences and the way forward. Joint Implementation Quarterly. 2009;15(1):2-4.
Tuerk A, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Implementing Green Investment Schemes: Options, first experiences and the way forward. Joint Implementation Quarterly. 2009;15:2-4.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Metz B. Energy efficiency revisited: how far does it get us in controlling climate change? (editorial). Energy Efficiency. 2009;2:287-92.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Metz B. Energy efficiency: how far does it get us in controlling climate change? (editorial). Energy Efficiency. 2009;2:87-94.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Metz B. Energy efficiency revisited: How far does it get us in controlling climate change?: Editorial for part II of the special issue. Energy Efficiency. 2009;2(4):287-92.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Novikova A, Köppel S, Boza-Kiss B. Bottom-up assessment of potentials and costs of CO2 emission mitigation in the buildings sector: Insights into the missing elements. Energy Efficiency. 2009;2(4):293-316.
Bottom-up assessment of potentials and costs of CO2 emission mitigation in the buildings sector: Insights into the missing elements
The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has calculated and shown that, currently, the buildings sector has the largest potential for low-cost carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation in the short to medium term from application of technological options among the sectors examined, based on bottoms'up studies. The potential estimates, however, were derived with no regard to indirect costs of CO2 mitigation, associated benefits, and non-technological options; these factors might change the magnitude of the potential and the costs associated with its implementation. The question emerges how accurate the indicators of the economic potential are according to the current IPCC method and how much they might change if all factors mentioned were taken into account. While research results are presently not sufficient to fully answer this question and quantitative analyses of non-technological options, transaction costs associated with barriers, and non-energy benefits are scarce and fragmented, this paper makes a first attempt to assess the presently available literature in the field. The paper concludes that the ballpark is right for the figures reporting the cost-effective potentials in the buildings sector; however, these assessments indeed need to be corrected by incurred transaction costs and co-benefits relevant for the particular assessment, as well as the potential of non-technological options. The paper also outlines a research agenda in the area so that a possible next Assessment Report of the IPCC can derive a more accurate estimate of the bottom-up potential of CO2 mitigation. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Metz B. Energy efficiency: How far does it get us in controlling climate change? Energy Efficiency. 2009;2(2):87-94.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Köppel S, Liang C, Kiss B, Nair GG, Celikyilmaz G. An assessment of energy service companies (ESCOs) worldwide. In: Energy Efficiency Policies around the World: Review and Evaluation. World Energy Council; 2008.
Novikava V, Koeppel S, Boza-Kiss B, Graning S, Ürge-Vorsatz D. The Electricity Consumption Structure and Saving Potential for Electricity in Buildings of the Hungarian Tertiary Sector. In: World Sustainable Energy Days. Wels, Austria; 2008.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Novikova A. Potentials and costs of carbon dioxide mitigation in the world's buildings.. 2008;36(2):642-61.
Novikova A, Ürge-Vorsatz D. The buildings sector: Contribution of each of us into resolving the challenge of energy security and climate mitigation. World Energy [Мировая энергетика]. 2008;53(5):86-8.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Novikova A. Potentials and costs of carbon dioxide mitigation in the world's buildings. Energy Policy. 2008;36(2):642-61.
Potentials and costs of carbon dioxide mitigation in the world's buildings
Buildings are responsible for over a third of global energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. A significant share of these emissions can be avoided cost effectively through improved energy efficiency, while providing the same or higher level of energy services. How large is this emission reduction potential globally and how much will it cost for society to unlock it? This paper provides answers to these questions, presenting the results of bottom-up research conducted for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), based on the assessment of 80 country- or regional-level mitigation studies throughout the world. First, the paper analyses the findings of these studies in a common framework. Then, it aggregates their results into a global estimate of CO2 mitigation potential. The paper concludes that by 2020 it is possible to cut cost effectively approximately 29% of buildings-related global CO2 emissions, the largest among all sectors reported by the IPCC, representing a 3.2 GtCO2eq. reduction. Developing countries house the largest cost-effective potential with up to 52% of building-level emissions, whereas transition economies and industrialised countries have cost-effective potentials of up to 37% and 25%, respectively. Energy-efficient lighting was identified as the most attractive measure worldwide, in terms of both reduction potential and cost effectiveness. If this potential is realised, the building-related CO2 emissions would stay constant over 2004-2030. These stabilisation levels (if achieved by all other sectors) would cancel about 3°C temperature increase over the projected period of time. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hoogwijk M, Vuuren D, Boeters S, Blok K, Blomen E, Barker T, et al. Sectoral Emission Mitigation Potentials: Comparing Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches.; 2008.
Novikova A, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Szén-dioxid kibocsátás-csökkentési lehetőségek és költségek a magyarországi lakossági szektorban. Budapest, Hungary: Környezetvédelmi és Vízügyi Minisztérium; 2008.
Monique Hoogwijk, van Vuuren DP, Boeters S, Blok K, Blomen E, Barker T, et al. Sectoral Emission Mitigation Potentials: Comparing Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches. MNP, Holland; 2008.
Novikova A, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Szén-dioxid kibocsátás-csökkentési lehet. Budapest: Ministry of Environment and Water (Környezetvédelmi és Vízügyi Minisztérium); 2008.
Koeppel S, Novikava V, Boza-Kiss B, Novikova A, Graning S, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Analysis of electricity consumption in the tertiary sector of Hungary.; 2008.
Analysis of electricity consumption in the tertiary sector of Hungary
The tertiary sector, which is responsible for about a third of the total national electricity consumption,could be a significant contributor to energy saving and greenhouse gas mitigation targets in Hungary. For evidence-based design of such policies, it is important to understand the reasons behind the dynamics of the electricity consumption and its structure. According to the authors' investigation, there has been no research-focused, targeted project aimed at electricity monitoring in tertiary sectorbuildings in Hungary as of 2006. To address this gap in knowledge, a research team at the Central European University (CEU) analyzed electricity consumption in 10 tertiary buildings in Hungary in the framework of the European project El-Tertiary (Monitoring Electricity Consumption in the Tertiary Sector). The methods used by CEU included a minimum of 2-weeks on-site measurements of lighting, major electrical appliances such as office equipment, kitchen appliances, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC), as well as analysis of documents such as energy bills, electricity plans and energy supply contracts. In addition, a survey was conducted among the building managers. The paper details the preliminary results of the project implementation in Hungary. It investigates the electricity consumption and its composition in a set of studied buildings. It also identifies the opportunities for potential technical and behavioural electricity savings and the reasons why they are neglected by building owners or occupiers in Hungary. The results indicate significant potential for energy savings in tertiary sector buildings in Hungary. However, energy consumption is not a high priority among tertiary sector building owners and occupiers in the tertiary sector in Hungary and even the most low-hanging fruits for reducing energy consumption are often not picked up. Instead, renovations and new constructions of educational sector buildings often lead to an increase in energy consumption because more new appliances are purcha sed. Although the modern schools possessed more efficient electronic equipment, including liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors and florescent tubes and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), they were also characterized by the highest energy consumption due to the elevated number of computers and office equipment, as well as additional comfort elements, such as air conditioning and vending machines.
Novikava V, Koeppel S, Boza-Kiss B, Graning S, Ürge-Vorsatz D. The electricity consumption structure and saving potential for electricity in buildings of the Hungarian tertiary sector.; 2008.
The electricity consumption structure and saving potential for electricity in buildings of the Hungarian tertiary sector
The tertiary sector, which is responsible for about a third of the total national electricity consumption,could be a significant contributor to energy saving and greenhouse gas mitigation targets in Hungary.For evidence-based design of such policies, it is important to understand the reasons behind the dynamics of the electricity consumption and its structure. According to the authors' investigation, there has been no research-focused, targeted project aimed at electricity monitoring in tertiary sector buildings in Hungary as of 2006. To address this gap in knowledge, a research team at the Central European University (CEU) analyzed electricity consumption in 10 tertiary buildings in Hungary in the framework of the European project El-Tertiary (Monitoring Electricity Consumption in the Tertiary Sector). The methods used by CEU included a minimum of 2-weeks on-site measurements of lighting, major electrical appliances such as office equipment, kitchen appliances, heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC), as well as analysis of documents such as energy bills, electricity plans and energy supply contracts. In addition, a survey was conducted among the building managers. The paper details the preliminary results of the project implementation in Hungary. It investigates the electricity consumption and its composition in a set of studied buildings. It also identifies the opportunities for potential technical and behavioural electricity savings and the reasons why they are neglected by building owners or occupiers in Hungary. The results indicate significant potential for energy savings in tertiary sector buildings in Hungary. However, energy consumption is not a high priority among tertiary sector building owners and occupiers in the tertiary sector in Hungary and even the most low-hanging fruits for reducing energy consumption are often not picked up. Instead, renovations and new constructions of educational sector buildings often lead to an increase in energy consumption because more new appliances are purchased. Although the modern schools possessed more efficient electronic equipment, including liquid crystal display (LCD) monitors and florescent tubes and compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs), they were also characterized by the highest energy consumption due to the elevated number of computers and office equipment, as well as additional comfort elements, such as air conditioning and vending machines.
Sharmina M, Ürge-Vorsatz D, Feiler J. Green Investment Scheme: case study on Hungary.; 2008.
Green Investment Scheme: case study on Hungary
Recently, the concept of a Green Investment Scheme (GIS) has been developing rapidly and gained pace in 2008 when Hungary and Latvia adopted the GIS legislature and at least three more European countries prepared to follow suit. Against this background, the paper examines the Hungarian case looking into its legal framework, possible GIS architectures and the country's actual choice regarding the modality of a Green Investmet Scheme. An overarching question is the allocation of revenues from sales of assigned amount units (AAUs). The primary focus of this paper is on the allocation of AAU revenues to the buildings sector since the latter represents one of the priority areas to be addressed in the context of climate change mitigation. On this basis, an overview of existing national and EU subsidy systems supporring energy efficiency in the Hungarian buildings sector is presented. The authors point to a complementary nature of Hungarian Green Investment Schemes which are supposed to address the projects weakly supported by other policies. In addition, the experiences of CEE countries in energy efficiency projects in buildings are reviewed to the extent which can be relevant for selecting appropriate GIS architecture modalities. Furthermore, the paper addresses the issue of similarity between JI (Track 1) and GIS projects and gives certain recommendations with regard to implementation of Green Investment Schemes in the buildings sector.
Koeppel S, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Assessment of policy instruments for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from buildings. Budapest, Hungary, H: CEU; 2007.
United Nations Environment Programme. Global environment outlook 4 : environment for development. Mnatsakanian RA, Bellinger EG, Ürge-Vorsatz D, editors. Nairobi, Kenya London: United Nations Environment Programme ; Stationery Office distributor; 2007.
IPCC, Metz B, Davidson O, Barker T, Bashmakov I, Bernstein L, et al. Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth AssessmentReport of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.
IPCC, T B, Bashmakov I, Bernstein L, Bogner JE, Bosch PR, et al. Technical Summary. In: Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth AssessmentReport of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press; 2007.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Rezessy S. The wrong roads taken? Promoting renewable power in Central Europe. In: Mez L, editor. Green power markets : support schemes, case studies and perspectives. Brentwood, UK: Multi-Science Publishing Co. Ltd.; 2007. p. 363-92.
Levine M, Ürge-Vorsatz D, Blok K, Geng L, Harvey D, Lang S, et al. Residential and commercial buildings. In: Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press; 2007. p. 53-8.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Novikova A, Stoyanova P. A new window for a new instrument: Can and will green investment schemes unlock the high efficiency potentials in Eastern Europe?. In: eceee 2007 Summer Study Saving Energy – Just do it!; 2007. p. 1561-72.
A new window for a new instrument: Can and will green investment schemes unlock the high efficiency potentials in Eastern Europe?
According to the latest projections, "hot air", i.e. surplus of greenhouse gas emission (GHG) allowances compared to the Kyoto commitments, will total significantly higher amounts than projected even a few years ago. Since the compliance gaps of Annex I Parties of the Kyoto Protocol are unlikely to be fully filled by credits from the Joint Implementation and the Clean Development Mechanism, this hot air will be in high demand. In order to make these allowances palatable for public opinion, "green investment schemes" (GISs) have been proposed. GISs bring reductions in emissions, using the revenues from allowance sales. The major hypothetical advantage of GISs over flexible mechanisms (FM) is that its potentially diverse architectures could overcome the liabilities of the FMs, and could focus on the highest priorities in emission reduction in the selling countries.Several countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) are considering the establishment of GISs in the European Union. Due to the large amount of hot air, GISs could provide a unique window of opportunity in these countries to finance energy-efficiency (EE). The paper first demonstrates why GISs should focus on EE, especially on investment in buildings. Next, the paper warns that the majority of potential GIS architectures will not accommodate EE investments, and therefore it is essential that such a scheme is optimised to leverage EE opportunities already on the drawing board. The paper reviews briefly the potential components of GISs, evaluates them from the perspective on their potential leverage on EE investments, and suggests alternative architectures that can optimise the benefits of GISs for the selling country, as well as the planet.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Harvey LD, Mirasgedis S, Levine M. Mitigating CO2 emissions from energy use in the world's buildings.. 2007;35(4):379-98.
Mitigating CO2 emissions from energy use in the world's buildings.
An overview of climate change mitigation opportunities in the world's buildings is presented, based on the key building-specific findings of the Fourth Assessment Report from the Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change. Buildings and the building stock can play a major role in mitigating climate change in the short- to medium-term, since substantial reductions in CO2 emissions from their energy use can be achieved over the coming years. A significant portion of these savings can be achieved in ways that reduce life cycle costs, thus providing reductions in CO2 emissions that have a net negative cost. There are indications that the building stock has the highest share of negative- and low-cost greenhouse gas reduction potential among all sectors. Based on 80 collected national or regional studies estimating CO2 mitigation potential in five continents, the global potential for CO2 reductions through buildings is analysed and estimated. The co-benefits associated with the implementation of these measures are also substantial, helping policy-makers justify actions even in the absence of a strong climate commitment. Since the barriers to unlocking the high potentials in the residential and commercial sectors are especially strong, no single instrument can make a large impact. Instead, portfolios of targeted policies tailored to local conditions, combined with strong compliance and enforcement regimes, are needed.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Koeppel S, Mirasgedis S. An appraisal of policy instruments for reducing buildings' CO2 emissions.. 2007;35(4):458-77.
An appraisal of policy instruments for reducing buildings' CO2 emissions
The building sector currently contributes approximately one-third of energy-related CO2 emissions worldwide. It is economically possible to achieve a 30% reduction. However, numerous barriers such as financial and behavioural issues, market failures, and misplaced incentives prevent the realization of the high economic potentials. Which policy instruments are the most appropriate and cost-effective for reducing these barriers? To address this question, 20 policy instruments were assessed for their effectiveness in reducing emissions, cost-effectiveness, applicability and special conditions for success. The appraisal is based on over 60 ex-post policy evaluation reports from about 30 countries and country groups, representing best-practice examples of the application of these instruments. Appliance standards, building codes, tax exemptions and voluntary labelling were found to be the most effective policy instruments contrary to others such as Kyoto Protocol flexible mechanisms or energy/carbon taxation. The most cost-effective instruments, all achieving energy savings at negative costs for society, were appliance standards, demand-side management programmes and mandatory labelling. Since all policy instruments have limitations and only help overcome some barriers, they are most effective if combined into policy packages designed for the respective location, economy and culture
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Novikova A, Watt A. Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms in an enlarged EU: will they make a difference?. 2007;7(7):179-96.
Kyoto Flexibility Mechanisms in an enlarged EU: will they make a difference?
What potential effect do flexible mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol have on energy efficiency, fuel switching and the development of renewable energy sources for the eight post-communist EU Member States that accessed in 2004? These countries are chief candidates for hosting Joint Implementation (JI) projects and for participating in international emission trading, which may assist the implementation and financing of projects in these target areas. The potentials and barriers to Joint Implementation are reviewed, as well as the conditions under which international emission trading can influence the energy use of the selling country. Different strategies adopted by the host countries towards the application of these instruments, and their impact on sustainable energy development, are examined. The article concludes that the Kyoto flexibility mechanisms may play a positive, but rather limited, role in the sustainable energy development of the region, but the barriers to Joint Implementation may shift the emphasis towards transactions under the framework of international emission trading. If innovative mechanisms are tied to sustainable development goals, this may mobilize the energyefficiency potentials of these countries. An attractive opportunity exists to achieve energy efficiency and emission reductions, utilizing the revenues from allowance sales through 'green investment' schemes.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Novikova A, Watt A. Kyoto flexibility mechanisms in EU accession countries: Will they make a difference? Climate Policy. 2007;7(3):179-96.
Kyoto flexibility mechanisms in EU accession countries: Will they make a difference?
What potential effect do flexible mechanisms under the Kyoto Protocol have on energy efficiency, fuel switching and the development of renewable energy sources for the eight post-communist EU Member States that accessed in 2004? These countries are chief candidates for hosting Joint Implementation (JI) projects and for participating in international emission trading, which may assist the implementation and financing of projects in these target areas. The potentials and barriers to Joint Implementation are reviewed, as well as the conditions under which international emission trading can influence the energy use of the selling country. Different strategies adopted by the host countries towards the application of these instruments, and their impact on sustainable energy development, are examined. The article concludes that the Kyoto flexibility mechanisms may play a positive, but rather limited, role in the sustainable energy development of the region, but the barriers to Joint Implementation may shift the emphasis towards transactions under the framework of international emission trading. If innovative mechanisms are tied to sustainable development goals, this may mobilize the energy-efficiency potentials of these countries. An attractive opportunity exists to achieve energy efficiency and emission reductions, utilizing the revenues from allowance sales through 'green investment' schemes. © 2007 Earthscan.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Harvey LD, Mirasgedis S, Levine MD. Mitigating CO2 emissions from energy use in the world's buildings. Building Research and Information. 2007;35(4):379-98.
Mitigating CO2 emissions from energy use in the world's buildings
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Koeppel S, Mirasgedis S. Appraisal of policy instruments for reducing buildings' CO2 emissions. Building Research and Information. 2007;35(4):458-77.
Appraisal of policy instruments for reducing buildings' CO2 emissions
The building sector currently contributes approximately one-third of energy-related CO2 emissions worldwide. It is economically possible to achieve a 30% reduction. However, numerous barriers such as financial and behavioural issues, market failures, and misplaced incentives prevent the realization of the high economic potentials. Which policy instruments are the most appropriate and cost-effective for reducing these barriers? To address this question, 20 policy instruments were assessed for their effectiveness in reducing emissions, cost-effectiveness, applicability and special conditions for success. The appraisal is based on over 60 ex-post policy evaluation reports from about 30 countries and country groups, representing best-practice examples of the application of these instruments. Appliance standards, building codes, tax exemptions and voluntary labelling were found to be the most effective policy instruments contrary to others such as Kyoto Protocol flexible mechanisms or energy/carbon taxation. The most cost-effective instruments, all achieving energy savings at negative costs for society, were appliance standards, demand-side management programmes and mandatory labelling. Since all policy instruments have limitations and only help overcome some barriers, they are most effective if combined into policy packages designed for the respective location, economy and culture.
Expert Group on Energy Efficiency:, Jochem E, Dadi Z, Bashmakov I, Chandler W, Farinelli U, et al. Realizing the Potential of Energy Efficiency: Targets, Policies, and Measures for G8 Countries.. Report UNFE, editor. Washington, DC.: United Nations Foundation; 2007.
Koeppel S, Ürge-Vorsatz D, Mirasgedis S. Is there a silver bullet? A comparative assessment of twenty policy instruments applied worldwide for enhancing energy efficiency in buildings. for an Economy ECEE, editor. ECEEE; 2007.
Jochem E, Dadi Z, Bashmakov I, Chandler W, Farinelli U, Halpeth MK, et al. Realizing the potential of energy efficiency: targets, policies, and measures for G8 countries, expert report. United Nations Foundation; 2007.
Koeppel S, Ürge-Vorsatz D, Mirasgedis S. Is there a silver bullet? A comparative assessment of twenty policy instruments applied worldwide for enhancing energy efficiency in buildings.; 2007.
Is there a silver bullet? A comparative assessment of twenty policy instruments applied worldwide for enhancing energy efficiency in buildings
While the commercial and domestic building sectors account for 33 % of all energy-related CO2 emissions worldwide, approximately 30 % of this energy consumption can be saved economically. However, numerous barriers such as hidden costs and benefits, distorted energy pricing, imperfect information, market failures and misplaced incentives prevent the realization of these energy saving potentials. For this reason, countries apply a variety of policy instruments such as building codes, energy efficiency obligations, subsidies and information campaigns. Since these instruments differ considerably in terms of their effects and costs, a research project conducted under the framework of the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has reviewed more than 60 ex-post policy evaluation reports for the 20 most commonly used policy instruments from app. 30 countries worldwide. The paper presents the results of this exercise regarding the environmental effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of these instruments, as well as identifies special conditions for their success.While most policy instruments achieved significant energy savings, appliance standards, building codes, tax exemptions and labelling were revealed as most effective policy instruments. Other instruments such as Kyoto Protocol flexible mechanisms or taxation have been less successful in the building sector. Several policy instruments achieved energy savings at negative costs for society; most cost-effective in our sample were appliance standards, demand-side management programs and mandatory labelling. Since no single policy instrument can capture the entire potential for energy-efficiency, buildings require a diverse portfolio of policy instruments for effective energy use reductions and for taking advantage of synergistic effects.
Bierbaum R, Holdren J, MacCracken M, Richard H. Moss PR, Confalonieri U, Dubois J, et al. Szembeszállás a klímaváltozással: a kezelhetetlen elkerülése és az elkerülhetetlen kezelése. Vezetői összefoglaló.; 2007.
Bierbaum R, Holdren J, MacCracken M, Richard H. Moss PR, Confalonieri U, Dubois J, et al. Confronting climate change : avoiding the unmanageable and managing the unavoidable : executive summary. United Nations Foundation; 2007.
Bierbaum R, Holdren J, MacCracken M, Richard H. Moss PR, Confalonieri U, Dubois J, et al. Confronting climate change: avoiding the unmanageable and managing the unavoidable. United Nations Foundation; 2007.
Confronting climate change: avoiding the unmanageable and managing the unavoidable
Scientific Expert Group Report on Climate Change and Sustainable Development. Prepared for the 15th Session of the Commission on Sustainable Development
Ürge-Vorsatz D. Options for domestic policies and climate change strategies of New Member States, Acceding and Candidate Countries. Keynote address.. In: Future EU Climate Change Policy: Challenges and Opportunities for New Member States, Acceding and Candidate Countries. Warsaw: Ecologic; 2006.
Ürge-Vorsatz D. The energy efficiency market: business opportunities in New EU Member States. Keynote Speech.. In: World Sustainable Energy Days. Wels, Austria; 2006.
Novikova A, Ürge-Vorsatz D, Liang C. The "Magic" of the Kyoto Mechanisms: Will It Work for Buildings?. In: ACEEE (American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy) Summer Study 2006. California; 2006.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Paizs L, Miladinova G. Energy in transition: From the iron curtain to the European Union.. 2006;34(15):2279-2297.
Rezessy S, Dimitrov K, Ürge-Vorsatz D, Baruch S. Municipalities and energy efficiency in countries in transition: Review of factors that determine municipal involvement in the markets for energy services and energy efficient equipment, or how to augment the role of municipalities as market players. Energy Policy. 2006;34(2):223-37.
Municipalities and energy efficiency in countries in transition: Review of factors that determine municipal involvement in the markets for energy services and energy efficient equipment, or how to augment the role of municipalities as market players
Abstract: It is widely recognized that many cost-efficient opportunities to employ end-use energy efficiency measures exist in countries in transition (CITs) and that municipal authorities have an essential role to play in capturing these opportunities. The aim of this paper is to review the factors that determine the degree of involvement of local authorities in the market for energy services and energy efficient (EE) equipment in three CITs: Bulgaria, Hungary and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (hereafter: Macedonia). We achieve this aim by examining the current status of local governments as the most powerful determinant of municipal market involvement. Two broad groups of factors are discussed: statutory obligations and powers of local governments, especially energy-related tasks, and finance. We explain how specific features within these two areas may influence the motivation of local authorities to improve energy efficiency and their capacity to do so. We argue that greater decentralization is the first step in augmenting the role of local authorities in the market for energy services and EE equipment. Based on the analysis we give recommendations on how to encourage municipal authorities to use market mechanisms more extensively to deliver energy efficiency
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Miladinova G, Paizs L. Energy in transition: From the iron curtain to the European Union. Energy Policy. 2006;34(15):2279-97.
Energy in transition: From the iron curtain to the European Union
The fall of communism left some of the most polluting and wasteful energy sectors of the World in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). After 15 years of restructuring, eight of these countries have joined the European Union (EU), closing an era of economic transitions. What progress has been made in these countries in the field of energy from the perspective of sustainability? Has the transition agenda been completed, or do any of the socialist energy sector legacies prevail? The purpose of this paper is to review the period of economic transition in the energy sector, focusing on sustainability, in three selected CEE countries, and to use Russia as a comparison. First, the paper argues that at the core of the unsustainability of energy sectors at the end of the communist era were among the highest energy intensities in the world. Then, we identify the legacies of the centrally planned economy that contributed to these high-energy intensities. We outline a policy agenda for the transitions which addresses the identified legacies. Next, we look at the energy landscape at the end of the restructuring, and review the developments in energy intensities during the period of economic transitions. We conclude that, while energy and economic restructuring is very important to bring down the high-energy intensities of former communist countries, a sizeable gap remains in intensity levels between CEE countries and the old EU states. Therefore, economic and energy system reforms alone will not close the gap, and targeted policies and measures are needed to improve energy efficiency levels. Beyond a more serious governmental commitment, a concerted effort is needed from regulators, corporations, utilities, consumer organisations and the civil sector to catalyse the remaining progress to be made in combating the socialist legacy in the field of energy efficiency. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Miladinova G. Energy efficiency policy in an enlarged European Union: the Eastern perspective.; 2006.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Paizs L, Pesic R. Energy and sustainability in Central Europe: A decade of transition in review. In: Maxwell JW, Reuveny R, editors. Trade and environment : theory and policy in the context of EU enlargement and transition economic. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar; 2005. (Series on Economics & the Environment).
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Paizs L, Pesic R. Energy and sustainability in central Europe: A decade of transition in review. In: Trade And Environment: Theory and Policy in the Context of EU Enlargement and Economic Transition.; 2005. p. 227-64.
Atanasiu B, Bertoldi P, Rezessy S, Ürge-Vorsatz D. Electricity End-Use in Buildings: A Survey of New Member States and Candidate Countries. In: eceee 2005 Summer Study proceedings What works & who delivers?; 2005. p. 1113-22.
Electricity End-Use in Buildings: A Survey of New Member States and Candidate Countries
A large body of literature points to the large cost-effective energy conservation potentials in the countries that joined the European Union in April 2004, but the present understanding of the size and details of this potential is limited. Therefore, the European Commission has started a project, managed by DG-Joint Research Center (JRC), with the declared aim to develop a bottom-up end-use electricity consumption database for the building sector in the new EU member states (NMS), candidate countries (CC) and in the Western Balkans (WB). This database will contain reference data concerning electricity consumption and savings potential in buildings (both residential and commercial), a sector which is using a large amount of energy and is considered by the European Commission to be a priority sector for energy conservation policy measures.The paper presents the preliminary results of the first survey of electricity consumption and saving potential in buildings in the NMS and the CC. The paper provides the first results of JRC project on electricity end-use efficiency in buildings in NMS, CC and WB comprising an analysis of data on the installed end-use technologies (penetration rate, usage pattern, specific energy consumption, etc.), an evaluation of the corresponding electricity use and an estimate of the electricity savings potential. The key barriers and incentives to end-use electricity efficiency in buildings will be presented, together with an inventory of current polices. Based on the preliminary results of the study, the paper will present a first set of policy recommendations on how to unlock the electricity saving potential in the buildings sector of NMS and CC.Beyond summarising the present state of understanding in the area of electricity end-use data and conservation potentials in MNS and CC buildings, the paper will identify the status and potential key areas for further research which is needed for policy-making at both the EU and the NMS level for the most efficient unlocking of the sizable energy saving potential.
Ürge-Vorsatz D, Miladinova G. Energy efficiency policy in an enlarged European Union: the Eastern perspective. In: eceee 2005 Summer Study proceedings What works & who delivers?; 2005. p. 253-65.
Energy efficiency policy in an enlarged European Union: the Eastern perspective
In May 2004 eight former communist countries of Central and Eastern Europe joined the European Union (EU), ending the era of economic transition. During the accession process their energy sectors had to undergo fundamental reforms and restructuring, and after having to adopt European legislation, the main framework of their energy policies now should be up to speed with those of the EU-15.However, the legal harmonization process was entirely one-way. How well do the present EU energy efficiency policies cater to the needs of the new member states? What is the end result of the transition and accession process in this field? What has the ambitious restructuring schedule delivered in these countries from the perspective of energy efficiency? Where are these countries in terms of energy efficiency policies today, compared to the old member states? How should EU energy and environmental policies change or be strengthened to accommodate the different settings in the accession countries?These questions were answered as a part of a study commissioned by the European Parliament and completed by the Central European University. The paper will portray the development of energy intensity during the accession process, and catalogue the policies in place today influencing the efficiency of energy use. The paper then provides recommendations on how the efficiency of energy consumption could be promoted further, and what EU-level policies could be introduced to facilitate these changes. Among other suggestions, the paper points to the importance of policy integration and the decentralisation of policy implementation to the municipal level.
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Providing job guidance to the unemployed patients as a part of healthcare can help improve these patient's well being. The findings of this study are published in the journal of Annals of Family Medicine.
"Employment status is a key social determinant of health or a social aspect that impacts our well-being," said Dr. Andrew Pinto, a family physician and researcher in The Upstream Lab at C-UHS. "Our goal with this research was to look at how healthcare settings can assist patients with gaining employment, and which strategies work best."
To identify the key features of interventions where healthcare organizations supported patients in gaining employment, Dr. Pinto, who is also an assistant professor at the Department of Family and Community Medicine and the Dalla Lana School of Public Health at the University of Toronto, and his team conducted a systematic review of studies of interventions within healthcare settings that aimed to help patients find jobs. They identified 88 studies that met the study's criteria.
The literature revealed that most interventions were successful, and of these, the average gain in any type of employment with support from healthcare organizations was 51%. The research also revealed which factors made interventions most effective for patients to gain employment.
A multidisciplinary intervention team - A team composed of both health-care workers and employment specialists who have open communication were more likely to meet patient employment needs.
A package of services for patients - Offering patients expert advice, a job search, feedback, networking, education, training, and peer mentorship made them more successful in their job search.
One-on-one services, tailored to the patient - Interventions that were tailored to the person's preferences, skills, education, and previous work experiences were most impactful.
A comprehensive view of social needs - Interventions that took a holistic approach to address other social determinants of health, such as housing, were more successful in helping patients find jobs.
An intervention team that works with employers - Communication with employers proved to be important. With clear communication between the intervention team and employers, both parties could ensure that specific needs, such as accommodation for disabilities, were met.
"We recognize that these interventions may not be possible for all organizations," Dr. Pinto said. "Our study can assist with the design of successful employment interventions that are realistic. Certain team-based primary care organizations have the opportunity to develop a pathway for patients dealing with unemployment."
At St. Michael's, this work informed a pilot study through which patients with precarious employment at the St. Michael's Family Health Team received employment support and intervention. Dr. Pinto and his team are currently analyzing this data.
According to a study, Somali immigrants to the UK and USA appear to integrate better and have fewer mental health problems if they are allowed to work.


text:
Pl. XXXIV: Ératosthène – Mer des Pluies – Platon
Loewy, Maurice (French, 1833-1907)Piuseux, Pierre Henri (French, 1855-1928)
Atlas Photographique de la Lune
75.5 x 57.5 cm.
'The ultimate achievement of nineteenth-century astronomical photography.'
Moritz Loewy (1833-1907) and Pierre-Henri Puiseux (1855-1928), assisted by Charles Morvan, undertook a project to make a complete series of detailed photographs of the moon and the lunar surface. Their work, which took nearly 14 years, is considered the finest and most meticulous of the moon until the 1960s space probes. Between 1894 and 1909, the two astronomers devoted approximately 500 evenings to observations to make more than 6,000 photographs of the moon. Their very best images were then published between 1896 and 1910 in "L'Atlas photographique de la Lune". The atlas includes 82 beautiful photogravure plates (11 smaller contact plates and 71 enlargements. The majority of the photographic reproductions by heliogravure were entrusted to M. Fillon at Heuse, Gaultier and Schutzenberger.
Earlier attempts at photographing the moon had suffered from difficulties with the sensitivity of collodion emulsions and with atmospheric 'blurring'. Optimal conditions were a calm atmosphere and little to no change in temperance, factors which did not combine often. . In the first year, out of 50 or 60 evenings spent making photographs of the moon, just 4 or 5 nights gave the faultless results they needed. With the shutter open at times at times more than 3 seconds, they had a special lens made which when used in conjunction with equatorial and refracting telescopes, moved to exactly compensate for the earth's rotation preventing any blurring during the necessarily long exposure times.
Loewy did not live to see the project completed; he died in 1907, after which Charles le Morvan assisted Puiseux. Ann Thomas describes this work in Beauty of Another Order: Photography in Science: 'The scientific and aesthetic tour de force of lunar photography was the translation by Pierre Puiseux (1855 – 1928) and Charles le Morvan (1865 – 1933) of a number of photographic negatives of the moon into enormous, crisply detailed and visually stunning photogravures…' (p. 205). '… it was unequalled as a photographic atlas until 1960, and the quality of the plates has perhaps never been surpassed. One interesting feature of the photographs is that a hand-operated shutter was used to give the brightest areas the least exposure on the negatives. The final prints were produced by the unusual sand photogravure technique'
E.A. Whitaker, Mapping and naming the Moon
The Photobook: a History, Vol. I, p. 54
Beauty of Another Order: Photography in Science
Quentin Bajac, Chief Curator of Photography, Museum of Modern Art, New York (from: Atlas-9781907946851.epub)
William Ashworth, The Face of the Moon; exhibition catalogue, Linda Hall Library, 1989, no. 29
Frizel, ed., A New History of Photography, pp. 278-79
Pl. VII: Clavius Tycho Hésiode
Loewy, Maurice & Piuseux, Pierre Henri
Atlas photographique de la Lune (cover)
Pl. XXI: Petavius – Langrenus – Mer des Crises
Pl. XX: Maurolycus, Werner, Sacrobosco
Photographie Lunaire: Blancanus_Tych_Schiller
Atlas photographique de la Lune (cover detail)


BT Group reported a 1% fall in underlying revenue for the year to March 31st to 23.7 billion pounds (26.9 billion euros) and forecast a 2% fall for the year to March 31st, 2019.
The London-based company said the 3% growth in its consumer businesses was more than offset by decline in its enterprise divisions. "The main contributor to enterprise revenue decline was Global Services whose reported revenue declined 9% due to ongoing challenging market conditions and a reduction in IP Exchange volumes and equipment sales in line with our strategy to reduce low margin business."
Apple forecast its revenue in the current quarter will reach between 51.5 billion and 53.5 billion US dollars, which would represent a year-on-year increase of between 12% and 18%.
For the quarter ending March 31, revenue rose 16% to 61.1 billion dollars, fuelled primarily by a 14% rise in iPhone revenues, even though shipments rose just 3%. Some of the difference is due to the high price of the latest model, the iPhone X, and Apple may also have benefitted from exchange rate movements.
Amazon forecast net sales will grow between 34% and 42% year-on-year in the current quarter to between 51 billion and 54 billion US dollars, boosted by a favourable impact of approximately 1.2 billion dollars or 320 basis points from foreign exchange rates.
In the first quarter of 2018, Amazon increased sales 39% year-on-year on an constant currency basis to 51 billion dollars in the first quarter. Amazon Web Services (AWS), the cloud computing business, generated a 49% increase in sales on a reported basis.
In a letter to shareholders, CEO Jeff Bezos revealed Amazon Prime now has more than 100 million paid members globally, 13 years after it was first launched. "In 2017 Amazon shipped more than five billion items with Prime worldwide, and more new members joined Prime than in any previous year – both worldwide and in the U.S.," he added. "Tens of thousands of customers are also using a broad range of AWS machine learning services, with active users increasing more than 250% in the last year, spurred by the broad adoption of Amazon SageMaker."
Bezos also said there are now more than 30,000 skills for Alexa (Amazon's voice controlled personal assistant) from outside developers, which can control more than 4,000 smart home devices from 1,200 brands. He added that Amazon has improved Alexa's spoken language understanding by more than 25% over the past 12 months through "enhancements in Alexa's machine learning components and the use of semi-supervised learning techniques. (These semi-supervised learning techniques reduced the amount of labeled data needed to achieve the same accuracy improvement by 40 times)."
The letter to shareholders also noted that Amazon Music now has tens of millions of paying customers. "Amazon Music Unlimited, our on-demand, ad-free offering, expanded to more than 30 new countries in 2017, and membership has more than doubled over the past six months," Bezos wrote.
Verizon reported a 0.6% year-on-year increase in revenue for the fourth quarter, excluding divestitures and acquisitions, to 34 billion US dollars. However, wireless service revenue was down 2.9% to 15.9 billion dollars.
The New York-based company forecast that full-year revenues will grow at low-single-digit percentage rates on a GAAP basis in 2018. Excluding the impact from the new revenue recognition standard, Verizon said it is on track to achieve year-over-year wireless service revenue growth by the middle part of 2018. On a GAAP basis, Verizon expects service revenue growth to turn positive around the end of 2018 or early 2019.
Huawei estimates its group revenue increased 15% in 2017 to 600 billion Chinese yuan (91.2 billion US dollars), which would mean last year saw the company's slowest growth since 2013. It reported a 10% increase in mobile phone shipments in 2017 to 153 million units.
In a statement, Huawei rotating CEO Ken Hu, said: "As a global player, we need to be patient and persistent, demonstrating our value and contribution one quiet step at a time. We need to earn trust, continue to improve, and cultivate a receptive business environment that can support business development on a whole new level: not just 100 billion dollars, but revenues of hundreds of billions of dollars and beyond." Source: Mobile World Live article.


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"Without" takes as its starting point artist Jonathan Monk (born in 1969 in Leicester, UK, currently living and working in Berlin, Germany), yet this exhibition will be about the artist but without the artist.
The beginning of Jonathan Monk's work – and one of its primary points of investigation – typically emerges from the point at which other artists' ideas culminate into works of art. "Without" presents artworks by a number of international artists, which continue this process of, and approach to, the production of art. More significantly however, all of the artworks brought together for the exhibition address artworks made by Jonathan Monk, or that use his presence in various ways and in different circumstances directly.
"Without" makes a portrait of a particular artist through an exhibition of artworks by other artists. The exhibition speaks as much about Jonathan Monk and his approach to work, as well as its influence on others, than it does about the artists included and their individual practices. To extend the dialogue between Monk and the artists included, works from Monk's own collection will be interspersed within the display. The collection includes artworks by by artists Robert Barry, Alighiero Boetti, Chris Burden, Dan Graham, Sol LeWitt, Bruce Nauman, Allen Ruppersberg, among others, all of whom have had a pervading influence not only on Monk's own practice but also on the other artists involved in the exhibition as well.
While "Without" is without the participation of Jonathan Monk, it is also without any conventional reason or theme that commonly brings works of art together. It presents itself instead as an exhibition that collides the boundaries between solo and group exhibition, and reconsiders normative ways in which exhibitions are both constructed and presented.


text:
Dan Fogelman directs 'Life Itself' starring Oscar Isaac, Olivia Wilde
Jessica Zack September 12, 2018Updated: September 14, 2018, 11:39 am
Olivia Wilde and Oscar Isaac star in "Life Itself," written and directed by "This Is Us" creator Dan Fogelman. Photo: Jon Pack / Amazon Studios
If you count yourself among the tens of millions of teary-eyed viewers of the hit NBC dramatic series "This Is Us," then you already know that Dan Fogelman, the show's creator, is fascinated by the unpredictable ways that one person's actions can have ripple effects through generations of a family tree.
Dan Fogelman attends a panel discussion in Hollywood. Photo: Alberto E. Rodriguez / Getty Images
As the show ricochets between loves and losses, it drives home the idea that random events — a couple's chance meeting, a sudden death or even a random stroke of good luck — alter the life trajectory of every member of the fictional Pearson family and, by implication, our own.
What Fogelman's legions of fans might not know is that the prolific, Emmy-nominated writer and producer (who also wrote "Crazy Stupid Love," "Tangled" and the original "Cars") started writing "This Is Us" as a film, but "put the project away, and eventually reimagined it as a television series because it didn't need a beginning, middle and end, and could keep evolving over time," Fogelman, 39, said by phone from Los Angeles.
" 'Life Itself' (his sweeping film opening Sept. 21, four days before "This Is Us" begins its third season), on the other hand, which I'd been thinking about for a long time, is something I always envisioned as a movie," he said.
A multigenerational "sprawling family saga" with an international cast, "Life Itself," which Fogelman wrote as well as directed, is his ambitious attempt to translate all the emotional heft, poignancy and true-to-life humor of the TV series to the big screen.
Known for writing heartbreaking, intertwined narratives, Fogelman said he loves that the plot of "Life Itself" is "nearly impossible to describe."
The film has four interlocking stories tethered to a central tragic love story – of college sweethearts Abby (Olivia Wilde) and Will (Oscar Isaac), and later, their daughter, Dylan (Olivia Cooke), who's being raised by her grandfather (Mandy Patinkin). Annette Bening plays Will's therapist, and, in voice-over, Samuel L. Jackson narrates Will and Abby's love story.
The movie is set to a soundtrack inspired by Bob Dylan's 1997 double album, "Time Out of Mind," a heartsick collection written after Dylan's second divorce. The music becomes a symbol, Fogelman said, for the film's emphasis on finding romance and even levity in the midst of tragedy.
"Some critics were polarized on this one song, 'Make You Feel My Love,' because it was this populist love song sitting squarely in the middle of this bleak, withholding album," said Fogelman, who stumbled on a book of Dylan criticism in a bookstore while working on the "Life Itself" screenplay.
"I thought, That's it. That's exactly what I'm always so interested in, as a writer, this question of how can you make something that is sad and difficult, like the world is right now, but also find the romance and the love song in the middle of it all?
"So I started with the idea of this couple, and the reverberations of this sudden, unexpected event in their lives, and as I wrote, kind of stream of consciousness, the story ended up going to Spain and the stories wound themselves backwards through time."
Antonio Banderas (in a performance that begins with a 12-minute monologue in Spanish) and Laia Costa ("Victoria") play major roles in an extended Spain section (with subtitles), filmed "with all Spanish actors and an almost entirely Spanish crew."
"This is certainly the most ambitious thing I've attacked, in the way it plays with structure, shifts in tone and jumps continents and languages," Fogelman said.
It is also among the most personal stories he has ever written.
Mandy Moore and Milo Ventimiglia star in "This Is Us." Photo: Ron Batzdorff / NBC
"Both projects ('This Is Us' and 'Life Itself') were born out of unexpected events in my life about 10 years ago. I lost my mom, who I was very close to, really suddenly and unexpectedly, and then a lot of really positive things started happening in my life. Almost a year to the day after, I met my wife. My little sister got married, too, and had what would have been the first grandchild. After that, you start thinking about the big picture of the whole path of your existence. I continue to think that some of life's most beautiful and funny moments are often mixed with the saddest.
People might joke about needing Kleenex to get through a Fogelman story, but he's unapologetic about there being "a place for art that is moving, and not always in the smallest of ways, but in the biggest of ways."
Among his favorite films are such classic tearjerkers as "Terms of Endearment" and "Kramer vs. Kramer." Fogelman said he hopes "Life Itself" (an Amazon Studios production, with a broad theatrical release planned) will help usher serious adult drama "back to the multiplexes all over the country."
Strong audience reception at early screenings has reminded Fogelman of the reaction people had at the end of the "This Is Us" pilot. "I've seen people sitting in the dark for a couple minutes at the end of the film, almost like they've just gone through therapy in a kind of emotionally spent way," he said.
"And part of me thinks, well, given the really weird period the world is going through, maybe we all could use a heavy dose of therapy right now."
Trailer and Showtimes
Jessica Zack
Jessica Zack Jessica Zack writes regularly for The Chronicle on film, books and the arts. Twitter: @jwzack


text:
Q: Setting radio button value property to true to show its selected in user-form I have 3 radio buttons on user-form. I have to set the default status of radio button (checked) when form loads, based on the value in the Range("R" & rNo)
Private Sub UserForm_Initialize()

If Worksheets("static").Range("R" &
Activation.getMachineIDIndexNo) = 1 Then
radio1yr.value = True

ElseIf Worksheets("static").Range("R" &
Activation.getMachineIDIndexNo) = 6 Then
radio6mon.value = True

ElseIf Worksheets("static").Range("R" &
Activation.getMachineIDIndexNo) = 3 Then
radio3mon.value = True
End If

And I also have codes on radio-button click event
 Private Sub radio1yr_Click()
'// some code
 End Sub

Private Sub radio3mon_Click()
'// some code
End Sub

Private Sub radio6mon_Click()
'// some code
End Sub

with this code:

radio3mon.value = True

The problem I'm facing is when the form loads it also executes the code in  radio-button click event which I do not want.
I want radiobutton click event to run only when the user wishes to select one of the buttons after the form loads.

A: You can have a global boolean variable to store if the form has been initialised or not:
Dim IsEnabled as Boolean

Then in the Initialize() method set the IsEnabled as False at the start, then true once the form has been initialised:
Private Sub UserForm_Initialize()
   IsEnabled = False
   If Worksheets("static").Range("R" & Activation.getMachineIDIndexNo) = 1 Then
      radio1yr.value = True

   ElseIf Worksheets("static").Range("R" & Activation.getMachineIDIndexNo) = 6 Then
      radio6mon.value = True

   ElseIf Worksheets("static").Range("R" & Activation.getMachineIDIndexNo) = 3 Then
      radio3mon.value = True
   End If
   IsEnabled = True
End Sub

In the click events, exit the subroutine if IsEnabled is False.
Private Sub radio1yr_Click()
   If Not IsEnabled Then
      Exit Sub
   End If
   '// some code
 End Sub

Private Sub radio3mon_Click()
If Not IsEnabled Then
   Exit Sub
End If
'// some code
End Sub

Private Sub radio6mon_Click()
   If Not IsEnabled Then
      Exit Sub
   End If
   '// some code
End Sub

A: Dim a module-wide Boolean variable, "Loaded", and set it to True at the end of the Initialize procedure.
Then at the start of each Click() procedure, insert:
If Not Loaded Then Exit Sub

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Seafood Training For Chefs
Australian chefs will be given the opportunity to further their skills in the realm of cooking seafood with the introduction of a specially designed online course. Our Aussie chefs who are keen to branch out into seafood currently feel they are not getting the formal training they require during their three-year training to become a chef. Curtin University's researchers hope to change this with their new online training program.
Fresh Oysters; surprisingly many chefs don't know what to do with them
The following information was released by Curtin University:
Australia is renowned for its abundance of quality seafood but many young chefs are not comfortable working with ocean produce – a trend Curtin University researchers are hoping to change through a specially designed online training program.
Dr Janet Howieson, from Curtin's Centre of Excellence for Science, Seafood and Health, said the project stemmed from research interviews with up to 60 chefs across Australia. The chefs expressed a desire for greater knowledge of seafood supply chains, and a need for strategies to increase confidence in handling and preparing seafood, particularly for apprentice chefs and commercial cookery students.
"In their three years of training to become chefs, most apprentices will spend only eight days of formal learning how to select, handle and prepare seafood. On-the-job training can also be limited with the hectic schedules of other restaurant staff," Dr Janet Howieson said.
"As a result, apprentices have reported feeling less confident working with seafood. Given the importance of seafood to the Australian diet, this is clearly a situation that needs to be addressed.
"We have produced a series of videos using a variety of seafood to help increase knowledge about it in commercial cookery and apprentice chef training courses. We also hope to make it available to schools and the home cook."
Six popular Australian species were focused on in the training package, which tracks rock lobsters, oysters, farmed barramundi, snapper, sardines and prawns from harvest to restaurant door.
"The training resources also aim to help wait staff in restaurants when discussing menu choices with diners, so they can explain where the fish came from and accurately describe its texture and flavours," Dr Janet Howieson said.
Topics covered include processing and supply, how the seafood gets to the restaurant door, recommended procedure for receiving and checking the condition of the seafood and cooking techniques.
Leading chefs have been involved in the project including Pete Manifis (Inconto Restaurant), Josh Catalano (Catalano Seafood) and Don Hancey (Panorama Catering).
All three feature in the presentations which have been piloted with apprentice chefs and commercial cookery students at the West Coast Institute of Training in Joondalup. The videos will now be made available to the wider training community across Australia.
Curtin University worked on the project with Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, West Coast Institute of Training, Fisheries Research and Development Corporation, and leaders in the seafood and hospitality trades in Western Australia.
The videos were officially launched as part of the training curriculum on May 12 at the West Coast Institute of Training restaurant in Joondalup.