A 32-year-old man has been charged in connection with two robberies at sandwich shops in Macclesfield.
Paul King, of Oak View, Liverpool, was arrested on Wednesday 6 March.
He has since been charged with two counts of robbery and one count of possessing a knife in a public place.
King has been remanded in custody and is set to appear at Crewe Magistrates' Court today, Friday March 8.
The charges relate to incidents at Subway fast food outlets in Macclesfield.
The first incident occurred in Tytherington Business Park at around 5pm on Wednesday 6 March and the second took place in Mill Street at approximately 8pm on Sunday 3 March.
The possessing a knife in a public place charge relates to the first incident.


text:
Research ArticleNANOMATERIALS
Uniform metal nanostructures with long-range order via three-step hierarchical self-assembly
Denise J. Erb1,2,*,
View ORCID ProfileKai Schlage and
Ralf Röhlsberger1,2
1Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
2The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
↵*Corresponding author. E-mail: denise.erb{at}desy.de
Science Advances 06 Nov 2015:
Vol. 1, no. 10, e1500751
DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500751
Denise J. Erb
For correspondence: denise.erb@desy.de
Kai Schlage
ORCID record for Kai Schlage
Ralf Röhlsberger
Large-scale nanopatterning is a major issue in nanoscience and nanotechnology, but conventional top-down approaches are challenging because of instrumentation and process complexity while often lacking the desired spatial resolution. We present a hierarchical bottom-up nanopatterning routine using exclusively self-assembly processes: By combining crystal surface reconstruction, microphase separation of copolymers, and selective metal diffusion, we produce monodisperse metal nanostructures in highly regular arrays covering areas of square centimeters. In situ grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering during Fe nanostructure formation evidences an outstanding structural order in the self-assembling system and hints at the possibility of sculpting nanostructures using external process parameters. Thus, we demonstrate that bottom-up nanopatterning is a competitive alternative to top-down routines, achieving comparable pattern regularity, feature size, and patterned areas with considerably reduced effort. Intriguing assets of the proposed fabrication approach include the option for in situ investigations during pattern formation, the possibility of customizing the nanostructure morphology, the capacity to pattern arbitrarily large areas with ultrahigh structure densities unachievable by top-down approaches, and the potential to address the nanostructures individually. Numerous applications of self-assembled nanostructure patterns can be envisioned, for example, in high-density magnetic data storage, in functional nanostructured materials for photonics or catalysis, or in surface plasmon resonance–based sensing.
hierarchical self-assembly
bottom-up nanopatterning
polymer-metal nanocomposite materials
magnetic nanostructures
diblock copolymer thin films
GISAXS at synchrotron radiation source
In self-assembly, the size and shape of the resulting structures and the periodicity of structure patterns depend only on the inherent properties and internal interactions of the material that undergoes self-assembly, not on the capability of the tools that the material is processed with. Furthermore, self-assembly is a parallel process—all of the individual nanostructures in a pattern form simultaneously, and thus preparation can be extremely fast and fabrication time is independent of the sample size (1, 2). Moreover there is one crucial advantage of nanostructure fabrication by self-assembly that is of particular interest from a fundamental scientific point of view: The nanostructures can be studied in situ during their formation, for example, regarding size- or shape-dependent characteristics or arising interactions and emerging collective phenomena. Among the diverse self-assembly processes, the microphase separation of block copolymers has attracted much attention because of the morphological variety of these systems. Diblock copolymer self-assembly has been successfully integrated into different nanopatterning and nanostructure fabrication routines. Numerous publications describe routines in which diblock copolymer films fulfill the function of masks, requiring removal of one copolymer block or subsequent removal of both blocks (3–7). Others demonstrate how selectivity toward the chemical components of a copolymer template can be used to assemble presynthesized nanoparticles (8, 9). Only a few attempts have been made to develop nanopatterning procedures based on the selective wetting of metals deposited on diblock copolymer thin films. Initial works investigated mainly Au and Ag on polystyrene-b-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) (10–12). They first demonstrated the principal possibility of growing self-assembling metal nanostructures on diblock copolymer templates and achieved granular nanostructures of nonuniform size and rather irregular shape. One recent publication indicates selective wetting of Co sputter deposited onto a polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) film but neither provides a quantitative analysis of nanostructure shapes nor investigates the effects of deposition conditions (13). None of the former studies were concerned with the long-range positional ordering of the metal nanostructures. With our contribution, we aim to establish the fabrication of highly ordered large-area arrays of monodisperse metal nanostructures using exclusively self-assembly processes. We show how the morphology of the metal nanostructure pattern can be adjusted via the molecular mass and composition of the diblock copolymer template. We demonstrate that uniform metal nanostructures with well-defined geometric shapes and smooth surfaces can be grown in a facile way by sputter deposition, and that readily accessible process parameters, such as the template temperature during metal deposition, can be used to influence the proportions of the metal nanostructures. The nanostructure fabrication routine that we bring forward here is a sequence of three self-assembly processes: (i) the spontaneous reconstruction of α-Al2O3 M-plane surfaces into nanoscale facets (14–16), (ii) the microphase separation in diblock copolymer thin films (17–21), and (iii) the growth of metal nanostructures on the chemically patterned surface of a diblock copolymer film (11, 22). Our approach is hierarchical in that the pattern formed in one self-assembly process directs the pattern formation in the following process (see Fig. 1): First, an α-Al2O3 M-plane substrate is subject to high-temperature annealing, resulting in nanoscale faceting of the substrate surface (Fig. 1A). In the next step, a diblock copolymer thin film is spin-coated onto the nanofaceted α-Al2O3 substrate. Upon exposure to solvent vapor, the copolymer film undergoes microphase separation into uniformly shaped and evenly spaced domains of nanoscale size, consisting exclusively of one of the two copolymer blocks. Here, the α-Al2O3 substrate surface topography defines a pronounced preferential direction, inducing long-range order in the lateral positioning of the chemical domains within the diblock copolymer film (23, 24). Thus, the copolymer film presents a topographically almost flat but distinctly chemically structured surface of high regularity (Fig. 1B), which can be used as a template to grow a metal nanostructure pattern of the same morphology: Metals exhibiting a pronounced mobility contrast for surface diffusion on the two copolymer blocks will agglomerate on only one of the copolymer blocks (22). Moreover, shape equilibration to reduce interface energy proceeds significantly more slowly for nanometer-scale objects than for micrometer-sized structures (25). Thus, metal nanostructures can be quasi-stable in nonequilibrium shapes (for example, wires) following the chemical surface pattering of the diblock copolymer template (11, 12). Thereby, the well-ordered two-dimensional (2D) chemical structuring of the template surface is transferred into a regular pattern of uniform 3D metal nanostructures (Fig. 1C). Such a hierarchically self-assembled sample system is depicted in Fig. 2: The atomic force microscopy (AFM) data show the metal nanostructure array grown on the diblock copolymer template supported by the nanofaceted substrate. Comparing the height profile of a copolymer template before metal deposition and the height profile of a deposited nanodot array evidences the selective growth of the metal on the PS domains.
Fig. 1 Hierarchical self-assembly.
Top: Sketch of the proposed nanostructure fabrication routine. Bottom: AFM topography scans of a nanostructured sample in subsequent stages. (A) Nanofaceted substrate obtained by high-temperature annealing of M-plane α-Al2O3. (B) Microphase-separated diblock copolymer template, with the lateral positioning of the chemical domains guided by the substrate topography. (C) Metal nanostructures formed during sputter deposition, following the chemical surface patterning presented by the diblock copolymer template.
Fig. 2 AFM data illustrating the composition of self-assembled sample systems and the selective wetting of Fe on the copolymer template.
(A) AFM micrograph of a sample system consisting of α-Al2O3 substrate, copolymer template, and Fe nanodots showing the exposed nanofaceted substrate in the upper half and the Fe nanodot array in the lower half. (B) AFM profiles of the nanodots and of the corresponding copolymer template before Fe deposition. In the template, the PS domains protrude slightly from the PMMA matrix. The increase in structure height after metal deposition evidences that Fe selectively grows on the PS domains. (C) Perspective view of (A).
Template fabrication: inducing long-range chemical order by substrate topography
Long-range lateral positional ordering of the chemical domains of the diblock copolymer thin film is induced by the topographical constraints that the nanofaceted surface morphology of the supporting substrate imposes on the configuration of the copolymer chains. The copolymer domains can only be deformed to a limited extent because of the condition to minimize free energy, that is, to maximize conformational entropy and to minimize domain interface energy (17, 18, 26). Therefore, during the microphase separation process upon solvent vapor annealing, the copolymer chains will orient and arrange in a way that accommodates the substrate facets while leading to minimal chain deformation.
The AFM topography micrographs presented in Fig. 3 compare the surface morphologies of PS-b-PMMA copolymer templates on polished planar silicon substrates with a native oxide layer (Fig. 3, A and C) to those of templates on faceted α-Al2O3 substrates (Fig. 3, B and D, the facet edges run from the top to the bottom of the images). The effect of the substrate topography on the lateral positional ordering of copolymer domains is demonstrated by two types of copolymer templates: a symmetric diblock copolymer forming lamellar domains (BCP-L) and an asymmetric diblock copolymer forming cylindrical PS domains in a PMMA matrix (BCP-C2). The height differences between the PS and the PMMA domains are, on average, less than 2 nm. For the symmetric diblock copolymer BCP-L on polished silicon substrates, we observed PS and PMMA alternating in meandering lamellar domains with a spacing of D = 48 nm (peak to peak). The asymmetric diblock copolymer BCP-C2 forms cylindrical domains of PS with a spacing of D = 83 nm (center to center) in a PMMA matrix. Orientation of the domains perpendicular to the film interfaces is ensured by film thicknesses d < 0.5D (26). Although the polymer domains are very uniform in size, shape, and orientation, there is only short-range order in their lateral arrangement. On the faceted α-Al2O3 substrates, on the other hand, long-range positional ordering is obtained: For the symmetric diblock copolymer BCP-L, all lamellae align parallel to the substrate facets. The FFT of the topography shows sharp maxima at positions corresponding to the translational symmetry and lateral spacing of the chemical domains. For the asymmetric diblock copolymer BCP-C2, the PS domains are arranged in a 2D hexagonal lattice, with the orientation of the (10) axis given by the orientation of the substrate facet edges. The respective FFT exhibits the sixfold symmetry of the hexagonal domain array with peak positions corresponding to the domain spacing. In both cases, the long-range precision of the lateral domain positioning is evidenced by the higher-order maxima in the FFTs. An influence of the substrate facet dimensions on the sizes of the chemical domains, i.e., a domain deformation, at the copolymer film surface is not observed. This results directly from the free energy minimization which maintains the equilibrium period D0 of the copolymer.
Fig. 3 Induction of long-range order in diblock copolymer templates by substrate topography.
AFM topography micrographs comparing the chemical surface patterning of different diblock copolymer thin-film templates resulting from microphase separation. PS domains appear bright, and PMMA domains appear dark. Fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) of the respective topographies are shown. (A to D) Thin films of the diblock copolymers BCP-L (lamellar domain morphology) and BCP-C2 (cylindrical domain morphology) were prepared on planar SiOx substrates (A and B) and on nanofaceted α-Al2O3 substrates (C and D). The uniaxially corrugated topography of the α-Al2O3 substrate induces long-range ordering in the lateral positioning of the chemical domains of the diblock copolymer thin film.
This also results in the apparent tolerance of the diblock copolymer domain pattern to irregularities in the substrate surface topography. Perfect lateral domain ordering with uniform domain sizes and distances in the copolymer thin film does not require an a-Al2O3 substrate with a surface perfectly reconstructed into identical facets (see also Figs. 1 and 2). Facet dislocations are mostly ignored by the copolymer domains because strictly following every individual facet would necessitate many chain deformations. Rather, the copolymer domains are aligned along the direction given by the general orientation of the facets. Defects in the final domain pattern, which arise during the microphase separation process starting from the chemically disordered state, may be persistent if their removal requires spending more energy for mass transport than would be gained by achieving defect-free domain arrangement. Also, strong variations in height h and width L of individual facets within one substrate with typical standard deviations of σh ≈ 0.3h and σL ≈ 0.25L, respectively, do not hinder the lateral domain ordering. Nevertheless, the average facet dimensions must meet two requirements.
It is crucial to match the average substrate facet height and the copolymer film thickness to achieve the optimum planarity of the copolymer film surface and the highest degree of positional ordering of the copolymer domains (see fig. S1). For our system, we found ratios of d/h between 3.5 and 7.5 to be the optimum ratio of film thickness d and facet height h. If d/h is too low, the surface of the diblock copolymer film will not be planar but will follow the corrugations of the faceted substrate surface. If d/h is too high, the guiding effect of the substrate topography is lost at the copolymer film surface and the obtained positional ordering of the chemical domains is of the same short range as for a planar SiOx substrate.
Attention must also be paid to the ratio of the copolymer equilibrium domain period D0 to the average substrate facet width L. For a constant d/h ratio, Rockford and co-workers (23) found that optimum lateral domain ordering was achieved for a ratio of L/D0 = 1 ± 0.25. Park and co-workers (24) achieved excellent long-range domain ordering up to ratios of L/D0 = 3. The two studies significantly differ in that the molecular masses of the investigated copolymers were by factors of up to 80 larger in the first study (23) than in the second (24). For the samples presented here, the ratio is L/D0 = 2.3 for the copolymer with the lowest molecular mass (BCP-C1, D0 = 48 nm) and L/D0 = 1 for that with the highest (BCP-C2, D0 = 83 nm) (see fig. S2, B and C, respectively). In our study, we find copolymers of lower molecular mass, that is, of smaller domain period D0 < 50 nm, showing a higher degree of lateral domain ordering and a weaker dependence of the degree of lateral domain ordering on the L/D0 ratio. This indicates that defect-free long-range lateral domain ordering is more facile and more robustly achieved in low-mass copolymers because of the higher mobility of shorter polymer chains.
Templated metal nanostructure growth: Ex situ observations by AFM
To grow metal nanostructure patterns by selective wetting, different metals were sputter deposited onto diblock copolymer templates at various temperatures and deposition rates (see Fig. 4). For the inert metal Au, we observed the formation of small metal clusters, with their positioning almost unaffected by the template for a wide range of conditions. In agreement with earlier findings by Lopes and co-worker (11, 12), we observed a slight selectivity of Ag toward the PS domains: Mostly, cluster formation dominated the Ag growth, but in some rare cases, Ag deposition above the glass transition temperature of the copolymer template resulted in nanostructures of comparatively irregular shapes. Templated Ag nanostructure growth with precise reproduction of the template morphology may be found for a narrow range of deposition conditions. In contrast, the reactive metals Fe, Pt, and Ni readily formed uniform and well-separated nanostructures for almost all deposition conditions. The metals selectively grow on the PS domains, reproducing the domain shapes and arrangement given by the chemical surface pattern of the templates. The disparate behavior of inert and reactive metals is attributed to a different balance of metal/metal and metal/polymer interactions (11, 12). Effective selective wetting requires a suitable balance between the metal-metal sticking coefficient and the so-called mobility contrast, which is the difference in the diffusivity of the metal on the chemically distinct domains of the copolymer template (22). The diffusivity depends on the type of adsorption interaction between metal and polymer, with physisorption indicating weak interaction and higher diffusivity and with chemisorption resulting in strong interaction and lower diffusivity. The type of adsorption interaction between a metal and a polymer surface is specific for each material combination and can be influenced by the preparation conditions of the polymer film, which can cause different groups of the polymer, that is, potential interaction sites for the metal, to be expressed at the film surface. In general, inert metals are expected to mainly adsorb to polymers by physisorption because of their chemical inertness. Reactive metals are generally more likely to interact with polymers by chemisorption and can exhibit strong chemical affinity toward certain polymers (27, 28). For Au and Ag deposited onto the PS-b-PMMA surface, we observe little to no preferred adsorption of the metal on one of the components of the copolymer template. For Fe, Pt, and Ni, however, the chemical contrast between the PS and the PMMA translates into a contrast in mobility, with lower diffusivity on the PS domains and with higher diffusivity on the PMMA domains. This mobility contrast effectively results in the metal atoms clearing the PMMA domains and agglomerating on the PS domains. Thus, 3D metal nanostructures form, reproducing the morphology of the chemical patterning of the template.
Fig. 4 Wetting selectivity of different metals on PS-b-PMMA templates.
Au, Ag, Fe, Ni, and Pt were grown on diblock copolymer templates with cylindrical morphology (BCP-C2) on planar SiOx substrates. Whereas Au and Ag form very small clusters all over the template surface, the other metals form smooth and well-separated nanostructures reproducing the chemical patterning of the template surface.
Here, the nominal thickness of the deposited metals ranges from 0.3 nm [about 1.5 monolayers (ML)] to 2.1 nm (about 10 ML). Within this range, we invariably grow uniform and well-separated nanostructures by template self-assembly. From a nominal thickness of about 3 nm (about 15 ML) onward, we observe that the metal nanostructures begin to merge and finally form a closed metal film.
Given that a metal reproduces the template pattern well, control over the shape, size, and lateral arrangement of the metal nanostructures is obtained via control over the morphology of the diblock copolymer template: The shapes of the metal nanostructures follow the copolymer domain morphology at the film surface, as given by the volume fractions of the copolymer blocks. When using self-assembly processes for nanostructure fabrication, the shapes and arrangements of the nanostructures cannot be designed as arbitrarily as when using lithographical methods. Nevertheless, domain morphologies of block copolymers cover a large range of scientifically and technologically relevant structures and patterns. Diblock copolymers with their cylindrical and lamellar domains allow for growing nanostructures in the shape of hexagonally arranged dots and antidots or parallel wires. Triblock copolymers have an even richer morphological phase diagram containing, among many others, concentric domains, combinations of lamellar and spherical domains, or morphologies with square symmetry (29–31). Block copolyelectrolytes, consisting of one charged block and one neutral block, allow for additional electrostatic control of the domain morphology, for example, of the ratio of the diameter of cylindrical domains to the spacing of cylindrical domains (32).
Dot-shaped or wire-like metal nanostructures with a high degree of regularity in lateral positioning can be prepared on diblock copolymer templates with cylindrical or lamellar domain morphology, respectively, on nanofaceted α-Al2O3 substrates, as shown in Fig. 5 (see also fig. S2 for AFM topographies of larger sample areas). Here, the periodic substrate topography guides the chemical surface patterning of the diblock copolymer template, which is, in turn, transferred into a highly regular pattern of 3D metallic nanostructures. The metal nanostructures can be scaled down or up in size by providing templates with desired sizes of the copolymer domains (ranging from less than 5 nm to a few hundred nanometers), as determined by the molecular mass of the diblock copolymer. Both the volume fractions of the individual blocks and the total molecular mass can be well controlled in the synthesis of a diblock copolymer. Comparing Fig. 5, B and D, demonstrates down-scaling of hexagonally arranged Fe nanodots by reducing the PS domain size and spacing from 58 to 31 nm in diameter and from 83 to 48 nm in center-to-center distance via choosing diblock copolymers of the appropriate molecular mass. This corresponds to increasing the pattern density from 0.1 to 0.3 Tbit/inch2, thus approaching the density of contemporary hard disk drive storage (33). Pattern densities of 10 Tbit/inch2 with nanodots of 3 nm in diameter have been demonstrated in copolymer templates (24) but have not been transferred to metallic nanostructure patterns in the respective study.
Fig. 5 Highly ordered self-assembled metal nanostructure patterns.
(A to D) Diblock copolymer templates on nanofaceted α-Al2O3 substrates (A) exhibit a highly regular chemical surface pattern on which uniform dot-shaped (B and D) or wire-like (C) nanostructures with highly ordered lateral positioning are grown. Comparing the nanostructures grown on templates of copolymers BCP-C1 and BCP-C2 with identical domain morphology but different domain sizes illustrates how the nanostructure size can be scaled via the copolymer molecular mass. Moreover, the nanostructure pattern can be reversed by reversing the volume fractions of PS and PMMA in the diblock copolymer to produce antidots. See fig. S2 for large-area AFM topography scans.
Because of the parallel nature of self-assembly processes, increasing the sample area means increasing the rate of nanopatterning. In our laboratory-scale study, we achieved metal nanostructure patterning rates of about 1 cm2/hour. We discuss possible approaches to further increasing the patterning rate and sample throughput in the Supplementary Materials.
Influence of template temperature on the self-assembly of Fe nanodot patterns: High-resolution morphological characterization by in situ grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering
Because of the temperature dependence of surface diffusion processes and of the time scale for shape equilibration (25), an effect of the template temperature on the resulting nanostructure morphology is expected. AFM micrographs, however, are compromised by the probe size and by the convolution of the nanostructure shape with the tip shape and thus hardly allow for unambiguous determination of the nanostructure shape. Scanning electron microscopy measurements would be hindered by the fact that the sample surface is not continuously conductive, and depositing a conductive layer on top obscures the details of the nanostructure morphology. Moreover, it is not trivial to realize in situ microscopy measurements on nanostructures during growth. To observe the size, shape, and lateral positioning of iron nanostructures during their formation at different template temperatures, we performed in situ grazing incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) during iron sputter deposition. Two hexagonal arrays of iron nanodots were grown on BCP-C2 templates on nanofaceted α-Al2O3 at room temperature and at about 170°C, respectively. The deposition processes were regularly interrupted to obtain GISAXS patterns. At an incidence angle of 0.3° and at a cross-section of the x-ray beam of about 0.1 mm × 0.1 mm, the sample area illuminated by the x-ray beam is about 20 mm in length and 0.1 mm in width. Because the investigated samples have a maximum size of 15 mm × 15 mm, the morphology found in the illuminated area is considered to be representative of the entire sample area.
GISAXS data were evaluated using IsGISAXS software (34), yielding values for the lateral nanostructure arrangement and for the development of the nanostructure size and shape during growth. Figure 6 shows exemplary experimental data with corresponding simulations for both iron nanodot arrays (please refer to figs. S3 and S4 for data and simulations for all deposition stages). Analogous information is given for one nanodot array grown in continuous deposition at about 170°C without interruptions for scattering data acquisition; the GISAXS pattern was recorded at the end of the deposition process.
Fig. 6 Morphological characterization by in situ GISAXS.
The morphologies of self-assembled Fe nanodots in hexagonal arrays forming under different metal deposition conditions were determined with high accuracy by simulating GISAXS patterns recorded in situ during growth. Top: GISAXS scattering pattern and corresponding 2D simulations. Middle: Horizontal and vertical sections through the experimental and simulated scattering patterns as indicated above. Bottom: Sketches depicting the resulting proportions of the nanodots as deduced from the simulations. See figs. S3 and S4 for GISAXS data and simulations of all stages of growth. a.u., arbitrary units.
The fact that no distributions in particle dimensions or arrangement had to be assumed for the simulations demonstrates the outstanding morphological uniformity and positional regularity of nanostructure arrays prepared via the proposed routine. All scattering patterns evidence a hexagonal arrangement of nanodots with a lattice constant of 83 nm as given by the diblock copolymer template. Among the form factors implemented in the simulation program, truncated cones provided the best possible approximation to the average nanodot shape. Given the high degree of uniformity of the nanodots, it is valid to consider this average particle shape to correspond well to the shape of an individual nanodot. However, no satisfying agreement between simulation and experimental data could be found for the early stages of nanodot growth at 170°C, indicating that here the assumed form factor does not correspond well to the actual nanodot shape. Geometrical parameters describing the nanodot shape as extracted from simulations for all stages of growth are summarized in Fig. 7. Under both growth conditions, the base angle and the ratio of height to base radius remain roughly constant during growth, irrespective of the different deposition rates. The quantitative effect of the template temperature on the nanodots, however, is remarkable: At any given deposition stage, the aspect ratio of height to base radius is about 0.65 for the nanodots growing at 170°C and only about 0.25 for the nanodots growing at room temperature. The base angle is more than three times as large for the nanodots growing at 170°C as compared to the sample at room temperature; for continuous Fe deposition, the angle is even more than four times larger. In the sample grown at room temperature, the nanodots eventually extend their radius over the radius of the PS domains of about 29 nm, rather than growing more in height. Apparently, the nanodot proportions strongly depend on the template temperature because of its effect on the iron atoms' kinetics on the template surface: At room temperature, the equilibration time of nanometer-scaled bodies can easily reach the range of months (22, 25). Consequently, surface area minimization of the nanodots is impeded, and growth at room temperature results in wide, flat nanodots. At higher template temperatures, the mobility of iron atoms and clusters is enhanced, and the equilibration time can be reduced to the range of a few hours. Thus, compact iron nanodots with lower surface-to-volume ratio form. The very different nanodot proportions resulting from different growth conditions (see Fig. 6) hint at an approach to shaping self-assembling nanostructures by controlling external process conditions.
Fig. 7 Evolution of nanodot proportions during growth.
The geometrical parameters describing the proportions of Fe nanodots forming at 170°C and at room temperature (RT), respectively, were extracted from simulations of in situ GISAXS data (see also figs. S3 and S4).
Our novel routine brings together two approaches in nanostructure fabrication: The directed microphase separation of diblock copolymer films on nanostructured substrate surfaces was combined with the self-assembly of metal atoms on microphase-separated diblock copolymer templates. Exclusive use of self-assembly processes eliminates the requirement for complex devices for lithographical nanopatterning and allows for in situ studies throughout the entire procedure. After our hierarchical self-assembly routine, diverse metal nanostructure patterns with a high degree of morphological uniformity and positional regularity can be prepared on large sample areas. Moreover, our findings inferred from in situ GISAXS during Fe nanodot growth indicate that the proportions of nanostructures can be influenced via deposition conditions such as the template temperature. Furthermore, size limitations of top-down nanopatterning approaches could be overcome by using diblock copolymers of lower molecular mass (24), which potentially allow scaling of the metal nanostructure sizes down to diameters below 5 nm. The option to perform in situ experiments on large arrays of uniform metal nanostructures can significantly facilitate the study of size- and shape-dependent optical, electrical, magnetic, or plasmonic properties and their interrelations. The outstanding uniformity of the nanostructures should allow for identifying interactions among them and for studying nanostructure properties accurately without the need to isolate individual nanostructures from the ensemble. The morphological quality of the nanostructures also encourages extending the nanopatterning to morphologies provided by triblock copolymers, which comprise, among many others, morphologies with square symmetry or honeycomb patterning (29–31). The proposed routine is fast, facile, versatile, and economic. It offers exciting possibilities: arbitrarily covering large surface areas with various patterns of customizable identical nanostructures, achieving ultrahigh structure densities, or addressing individual nanostructures in a highly ordered array (24). High-density magnetic recording, surface plasmon resonance–based sensing, or materials for catalysis may be among the future applications of these self-assembling nanopatterned composite systems.
Wafers of polished M-plane α-Al2O3 were purchased from CrysTec GmbH, cleaned for 15 min in an ultrasonic bath of acetone at 50°C, and annealed in air in a chamber furnace at 1300° to 1400°C for 8 to 10 hours. Lamellae-forming (symmetric) and cylinder-forming (asymmetric) PS-b-PMMA diblock copolymers were purchased from Polymer Source Inc. The diblock copolymers were dissolved in toluene at concentrations ranging from 8 to 12 mg/ml and spin-coated onto the α-Al2O3 substrates. The copolymer thin films were then dried for 2.5 hours at 50°C in air. Microphase separation was accomplished by solvent annealing in saturated acetone vapor at room temperature for 2 to 3 hours. Metal nanostructures were grown on the copolymer templates by magnetron sputter deposition, using a custom-made UHV chamber at constant template temperatures ranging from room temperature to about 170°C (see also tables S1 and S2).
AFM and GISAXS data acquisition
AFM topography micrographs were recorded ex situ with an NT-MDT Solver NEXT scanning probe microscope in noncontact mode using HA_NC Etalon probes. For in situ GISAXS experiments performed at the synchrotron x-ray source PETRA III, the sputter deposition chamber was installed at beamline P01, and measurements were carried out at a wavelength of 14.4 keV. GISAXS patterns were recorded using a MAR345 image plate detector. The sample-detector distance of 5230 mm was bridged by an evacuated flight tube to reduce scattering in air.
Supplementary material for this article is available at http://advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/1/10/e1500751/DC1
Fig. S1. AFM micrographs illustrating the dependence of the degree of lateral domain ordering on the ratio of diblock copolymer film thickness to substrate facet height.
Fig. S2. Large-area AFM scans of highly ordered metal nanostructure patterns.
Fig. S3. Experimental data and simulations of GISAXS patterns for hexagonal Fe nanodot array growing at room temperature.
Fig. S4. Experimental data and simulations of GISAXS patterns for hexagonal Fe nanodot array growing at 170°C.
Table S1. Compositional properties of the diblock copolymers used.
Table S2. List of apparatus and duration of individual process steps. Discussion of nanopattern yield.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.
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, Some theorems on the free energies of crystal surfaces. Phys. Rev. 82, 87–91 (1951).
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, Mechanisms of surface faceting and coarsening. Surf. Sci. 389, 188–200 (1997).
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, Spontaneous ordering of nanostructures on crystal surfaces. Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1125–1171 (1999).
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, Block copolymer thermodynamics: Theory and experiment. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 41, 525–557 (1990).
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, Polymer-polymer phase behavior. Science 251, 898–905 (1991).
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, Solvent vapor annealing of block copolymer thin films. Macromolecules 46, 5399–5415 (2013).
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, Block copolymer thin films: Physics and applications. Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 31, 323–355 (2001).
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, Morphology development of ultrathin symmetric diblock copolymer film via solvent vapor treatment. Macromolecules 37, 7301–7307 (2004).
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, Kinetic self-assembly of metals on copolymer templates. Phys. Rev. E 71, 041601–041608 (2005).
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, Polymers on nanoperiodic, heterogeneous surfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2602–2605 (1999).
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, Macroscopic 10-terabit–per–square-inch arrays from block copolymers with lateral order. Science 323, 1030–1033 (2009).
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, Changing shapes in the nanoworld. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 110–113 (2000).
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, Morphology of ultrathin supported diblock copolymer films: Theory and experiment. Macromolecules 33, 5702–5712 (2000).
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, Identification of physical and chemical interaction mechanisms for the metals gold, silver, copper, palladium, chromium, and potassium with polyimide surfaces. Langmuir 12, 2712–2725 (1996).
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, Diffusion of metals in polymers. Mater. Sci. Eng. 22, 1–55 (1998).
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, Morphology and microphase separation of star copolymers. J. Polym. Sci. B 53, 1–21 (2015).
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, Hierarchical nanophase-separated structures created by precisely-designed polymers with complexity. Polymer 50, 2191–2203 (2009).
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Acknowledgments: We thank H.-C. Wille and F.-U. Dill at beamline P01, PETRA III, for their support in preparing and conducting the GISAXS experiments. Funding: This work was financed by Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) as an in-house research project without third-party funding contributions. Author contributions: K.S. and D.J.E. conceived the experiment, and K.S. constructed the in situ GISAXS experimental setup. D.J.E. and K.S. fabricated the samples, perfomed the measurements, and analyzed the data. All authors wrote the paper. R.R. and K.S. advised on the experiments. Competing interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Data and materials availability: All data needed to evaluate the conclusions in the paper are present in the paper and/or the Supplementary Materials. Additional data related to this paper may be requested from the authors.
Copyright © 2015, The Authors
You are going to email the following Uniform metal nanostructures with long-range order via three-step hierarchical self-assembly
By Denise J. Erb, Kai Schlage, Ralf Röhlsberger
Science Advances 06 Nov 2015 : e1500751
Bottom-up routine enables precise metal nanopatterning on large areas, overcoming the limits of top-down fabrication methods.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Niagara IceDogs (9-4-2-0 | 20 pts) vs Mississauga Steelheads (8-4-2-0 | 18 pts) 7:00 pm.
1) The IceDogs return home tonight after a short road trip to Michigan, where they defeated both teams for the first time in franchise history.
2) Tonight marks the first game in a home and home against the Steelheads. The season series thus far is tied 1-1, with the IceDogs defeating Mississauga 8-6 in the season opener, and then falling in overtime just before Thanksgiving weekend.
3) In two games against the Fish, Akil Thomas has collected 8 points (1 goal, 7 assists), Kirill Maksimov has 4 goals, and Ivan Lodnia has 2 goals and 2 assists.
4) Ivan Lodnia is currently riding a 3-game point streak, collecting a point a game.
5) Kirill Maksimov is ranked tenth in the league with 11 goals, 6 of which coming on the powerplay, tied with Hamilton's Arthur Kaliev to lead the league.
6) Starting goaltender, Stephen Dhillon, has the league's 5th best goals against average, with 2.59 and the fourth save percentage of .921.
7) The IceDogs have the 10th ranked home powerplay, with 20.6% efficiency, and the 10th ranked home penalty kill, with an 84.0% efficiency rating.
8) The Steelheads' away power play ranks 18th with 8.0% efficiency, while their away penalty kill is ranked 11th with 79.0% efficiency.
9) Mississauga's Cole Carter is ranked fourth in the league in powerplay goals, having scored 5 this season.
10) The Steelheads' Owen Tippett, who was suspended for our last match-up in Mississauga, is ranked 2nd in first-goals of the game scored, with 4.
Take advantage of our $10 Fall Thursday deal for tonight's game. Make sure to pick up your $10 tickets in our Value Zone (sections 108-111)!
At all entrances for tonight's game, the Lincoln-Welland Regiment will be providing poppies to show our support for our veterans.


text:
Institute of Software Technology
University of Stuttgart Faculty 05
Software Lab
Programming Languages and Compilers Group (until 09/30/2019)
Reliable Software Systems Group
Software Engineering Group
SE-Colloquium
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The focus of our research are program analyses that support program understanding, preservation of architectural principles and software quality during maintenance, and early error detection.
The focus of our research are program analyses that support program understanding, preservation of architectural principles and software quality during maintenance, and early error detection. We devise new analysis methods and usually base them on algorithms used for code optimization in compilers but specially adapt them to the needs of global program analyses.
Bauhaus System
SAVORS
Detection of Heavily Obfuscated Program Code Plagiarism
In the Bauhaus system, we integrate these basic fact-finding analyses with special-purpose analyses, e.g., the detection of breaches of the architectural design or of synchronization errors in code. We always maintain the requirement that the developed analyses be applicable to large industrial software systems. The Bauhaus system provides the infrastructure in which we embed our analyses. Started in 1996 in Stuttgart, Bauhaus has been significantly enhanced in a cooperative effort with the University of Bremen and the company Axivion GmbH.
Presently the research in Stuttgart is primarily concentrated on the analysis of concurrent software, which has attracted the highest attention due to the advent of multicore hardware. By predictively identifying communication and its missing synchronization we detect potential errors that often cannot be found by testing approaches.
We also explore changes to the infrastructure of the Bauhaus system geared towards integrating tools written in different programming languages and towards tolerating various classes of changes to the intermediate representation of programs.
In further activities, we work on programming language topics that affect the reliability of the produced software, be it by language constructs that are more secure, be it by guidelines on the use of existing languages and the avoidance of their vulnerabilities. In this context, we participate in ISO working groups concerned with the maintenance of the language Ada or with the description of vulnerabilities across the spectrum of programming languages and of guidelines for their avoidance.
Social-Media Services


Establishment: Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan.
Establishment: Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria.
Establishment: Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), Enugu .
Establishment: Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Establishment: Konigin Des Friedens College (KFC), Enugu.


text:
// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.LanguageServices;
using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Shared.Extensions;
using Roslyn.Utilities;

namespace Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.RemoveUnnecessaryImports
{
    internal abstract class AbstractRemoveUnnecessaryImportsService<T> :
        IRemoveUnnecessaryImportsService,
        IEqualityComparer<T> where T : SyntaxNode
    {
        protected abstract IUnnecessaryImportsProvider UnnecessaryImportsProvider { get; }

        public Task<Document> RemoveUnnecessaryImportsAsync(Document document, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
            => RemoveUnnecessaryImportsAsync(document, predicate: null, cancellationToken: cancellationToken);

        public abstract Task<Document> RemoveUnnecessaryImportsAsync(Document fromDocument, Func<SyntaxNode, bool> predicate, CancellationToken cancellationToken);

        protected SyntaxToken StripNewLines(Document document, SyntaxToken token)
        {
            var syntaxFacts = document.GetLanguageService<ISyntaxFactsService>();

            var trimmedLeadingTrivia = token.LeadingTrivia.SkipWhile(t => syntaxFacts.IsEndOfLineTrivia(t)).ToList();

            // If the list ends with 3 newlines remove the last one until there's only 2 newlines to end the leading trivia.
            while (trimmedLeadingTrivia.Count >= 3 &&
                   syntaxFacts.IsEndOfLineTrivia(trimmedLeadingTrivia[^3]) &&
                   syntaxFacts.IsEndOfLineTrivia(trimmedLeadingTrivia[^2]) &&
                   syntaxFacts.IsEndOfLineTrivia(trimmedLeadingTrivia[^1]))
            {
                trimmedLeadingTrivia.RemoveAt(trimmedLeadingTrivia.Count - 1);
            }

            return token.WithLeadingTrivia(trimmedLeadingTrivia);
        }

        protected async Task<HashSet<T>> GetCommonUnnecessaryImportsOfAllContextAsync(
            Document document, Func<SyntaxNode, bool> predicate, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var model = await document.GetSemanticModelAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
            var root = await document.GetSyntaxRootAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

            var unnecessaryImports = new HashSet<T>(this);
            unnecessaryImports.AddRange(UnnecessaryImportsProvider.GetUnnecessaryImports(
                model, root, predicate, cancellationToken).Cast<T>());
            foreach (var current in document.GetLinkedDocuments())
            {
                var currentModel = await current.GetSemanticModelAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);
                var currentRoot = await current.GetSyntaxRootAsync(cancellationToken).ConfigureAwait(false);

                unnecessaryImports.IntersectWith(UnnecessaryImportsProvider.GetUnnecessaryImports(
                    currentModel, currentRoot, predicate, cancellationToken).Cast<T>());
            }

            return unnecessaryImports;
        }

        bool IEqualityComparer<T>.Equals(T x, T y)
            => x.Span == y.Span;

        int IEqualityComparer<T>.GetHashCode(T obj)
            => obj.Span.GetHashCode();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How to use @adobe/commerce-events-sdk for product recommendations? I am doingR&D adobe commerce-events for product recommendations.
The minimum required events to return Product Recommendations results (as mentioned in this link) :

*

*view

*add-to-cart

*place-order

What I have tried so far :
useEffect(() => {
         mse.subscribe.addToCart(handleAddToCart, product);
         mse.context.setShoppingCart(product);
         mse.publish.addToCart(product);
     }, []);

But by using above code, no API fires.
If anyone has implemented already, please help here!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Golocio is addressed to all fans of the most exciting, entertaining, renowned, and popular sport worldwide, willing to attend games between the most important teams in the world. You will witness unique fixtures, classic matches from the best leagues and the finals of international competitions, World and European Cups.
With Golocio, you don't have to worry about anything. We set about designing the greatest personalised trip. Transfers, accommodation, match tickets, VIP and complimentary services, excursions..., offering many leisure activities and all arranged by our expert team of professionals, who will accompany you and be on hand at all times to make sure all your needs are met.


Ergonomics is the knowledge of suiting place of work circumstances to users' needs to reduce risk of health problems or discomfort and enhance work output. One of the programs is to use ergonomic office products. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) proposes that ergonomic risk reasons are found in works involving monotonous, vigorous, or expanded energy of the hands such as repeated or serious lifting, pulling, pushing, or moving of heavy items; and extended uncomfortable position. Along with more bodily works like fowl dealing out and shipyard work, office jobs may also pretense ergonomic risks because they frequently engage repeated use of hands and many hours of sitting. Luckily, workers can utilize a several programs to make sure an ergonomically-sound work setting and reduce worker risk of increasing physical problems. The ergonomic office products can be achieved through some ways explained below.
First, you need to think about the arrangement of workspace materials. Ergonomic office products are products that can ease your work including the way you reach other materials at ease. You should organize your workstation with the materials you use most frequently within straightforward reach of your hands, with no need for extending or meandering. Stuff you use hardly ever should be located the farthest away from your reach, although their position must still not cause you any excessive bending or stretching to get them. Ergonomic office desk and chairs must also help decrease pressure on your fingers and wrist due to repetitive movement.
Ergonomic office equipment not only comforts your hands, back, legs, and fingers but also your eyes. Computer screen can be one of the ergonomic office products if it is able to keep the eye away from fatigue and strain by providing adequate light. Any desk lights are supposed to be placed away from the computer monitor as well as your eyes to keep away from glare. You might also think about substituting any picture or office materials made with shimmering substance with items made of smooth colors. This will also help diminish glare at your desk and the strain your eyes experience while you work with ergonomic office furniture.
One of the most imperative ergonomic and green office products is an office chair. The chair should make you feel comfortable, let your feet to sit tightly on the floor and give support for your back. Your ergonomic office products should also permit you to effortlessly get to your mouse and keyboard.
Most ergonomic office chairs have widely been used all through the office chair manufacturing and yet if you asked over a group of office seating suppliers and manufacturers to describe what is meant by ergonomics as used in office seating likelihoods are you will get countless differing opinions and answers. The truth is that ergonomic office chairs are in fact just a concept, a convenient word that has found a support with the office seating market. Dictionary explanations of ergonomics vary extensively stressing terms like productivity, discomfort, efficiency, fatigue, and safety.
Ergonomic home office chairs are chairs that have been carefully manufactured for the users to be able to work effectively and productively, safely and efficiently as well as lessening any feeling of discomfort or fatigue. There are some beyond doubt abysmal models of office seating that are untruthfully called ergonomic. Thus now you have some thought of what ergonomic office chairs need to complete to be valuable of such a depiction.
Any person who spends long hours at a desk understands how crucial a good ergonomic chair is. The right ergonomic mesh office chairs will help you keep good posture for an extensive period of time, which eases and relieves strain on your back, advances circulation and aids you remain productive and comfortable for a long time working.
Working in an office in general involves spending a big deal of time having a sit in an office chair, a position that appends pressure to the structures in the spine. For that reason, to avoid compounding or increasing back problems, it is vital to have an office seating which is ergonomic and that bears the lower back and endorses good posture. There are various types of ergonomic kneeling office chairs available to be used in the office. No one kind of office chair is essentially the best, but there are little things that are very significant to search for in good ergonomic office chairs. These things will let the users to make the chair work properly for their specific needs.
Most large office chairs offer a comfy seating for you as professionals or experts who need something to have a sit for a long period of time doing the works. These chairs have 5 inch padded seat for convenience. These comfortable chairs have contoured cushions to increase the posture with built in lumbar support. They also offer pneumatic seat height configuration with customizable tilt tension and also tilt lock. These heavy-duty large office chairs feature robust solid steel frame with curved padded armrests and 28 inches brushed metal five stars base.
If you are looking for a sturdy seating to be put in your working area and it also has large size and beautiful design, tall and big office chairs is just what you should find. They feature long lasting business grade black micro fabric and 3 inches heavy duty double wheel casters to maximize mobility and movement. The weight capacity of this well built office furniture is 350 pounds. These hard wearing chairs are elegantly upholstered in strong and soft black leather plus bonded buckskin. They also feature passive ergonomic seating to make them the best addition to your office interior decoration. In addition, these large office chairs are undemanding to assemble. The assembly paths are clear; you will only take approximately a few minutes to put together.
If your office surface flooring is hard, like wood laminate and natural stone surface, before you use these large office desks chair, you can have other possible soft wheel casters. Those optional soft wheel casters will decrease the probability of marring or creating marks that you surely do not want on the hard surface flooring. Those soft casters are fixed into the base as you assemble the normal casters. The locking attributes added to the wheel casters make the chairs not moving and let you do your works with no disturbance. These large office chairs are the ultimate for those who need to move their chairs while they are doing their works.
The best features of these ergonomic executive office chairs are their sturdiness and the comfort they offer. When choosing an office chair, the appearance should not be the first priority; the most vital aspects to consider while selecting an office chair are the durability and comfort. If you have a number of office jobs or spend long periods of time in front of your computer every day, then it is significant to have appropriate computer chairs to make sure a productive and dynamic work session. These plus size or large office chairs will be a great choice for you.
In order to make the office look more pleasing and presentable, many companies try to invest their money on office interior designers. Today, business owner try to maximize their free space and at same time, try to improve their office environment in order to make their staff work better. An office design that is well prepared by nice office designer can make great change.
Company employee may get improvement on their productivity and always feel happy when they work. In the end, both all staff and organization will get greater benefit from comfortable and welcoming office design. For that reason, when companies want to get bigger, they must think about providing comfortable working atmosphere in their workplace.
Proper lighting will usually be seen clearly in the office with the proper design. Lighting is very important because most employees will spend working hours on the computer and lighting faults can cause health problems or discomfort in the works. Office interior designers will learn in detail about the intensity of light on each room.
It aims to minimize the reflection of sunlight that coming from windows on the workspace. Space could even appear larger or smaller by using the right lighting. For that, you should choose the right light and the intensity so you get the appropriate office interiors. Small problems may have serious issue on the health of your employees.
Every company should have realized that the company's brand is very dependent on the client's perspective. The atmosphere in the office will provide a clear picture of the level of employee satisfaction on the facilities provided by the company. When the company provides a comfortable working environment, employees will feel comfortable and happy.
Reception area is the first place to be seen by visitors who visit your company. To that end, the company should give the welcoming office reception area. Attractive design will make waiting room more comfortable for visitors. If the first impression clients get turned out fine, the company indirectly has been building trust with their visitors and clients. Currently, professional designers can be the best choice for your company to amaze potential clients.
A good office design includes the proper arrangement of office furniture and office cubicle installation to minimize the disturbing sound. In the call center building, an interior designer will create a design that allows employees to get enough privacy and ensure that the sound cannot enter or exit. Some jobs will require a sufficient concentration to achieve maximum results and noise will just ruin it. Office supplies that can cause noise such as printers and fax machines should be given a special place so as not to interfere with employee productivity.
Regular office chair may only make employees feel tired and bored with their jobs. This of course would reduce the effectiveness of employees. Currently, you can get an ergonomic office chair with ease and refurbished office chair will be a great choice if you want a cheaper solution. When employees can work comfortably, they'll be more productive than ever. This course will provide a major contribution to the advancement of the company.
Conference room that looks boring will not provide maximum results to users. In fact, sometimes a client will not give a positive response when they heard a presentation in a conference room that is not designed properly. For that, you should provide the space with a modern theme that can make your staff produce unique and creative ideas that might be useful for companies in the future. Likewise with your clients, they will enjoy the presentation that arranged neatly and place in a comfortable and quiet space. Thus, companies will gain a better reputation and this is the biggest advantage.
The explanation above is some of the advantages which may be obtained from the office with a nice design. To that end, it will be important to use the services of a trusted and experienced office interior designer. Simply look around you or on the internet to get the best corporate office interior designers.
It is strongly needed for executives an outstanding chair to match their status. Executive office chairs are the most professional and exciting chairs available on the market. These super comfortable chairs come with lumbar support and will reconfirm your status as executives since they have both luxurious leather and quality fabric.
They are also available in many designs, sizes, and colors suitable for any customer. The most common color is black since it exudes classy, slick and plain. Meanwhile, the most common material is leather. It has the look of success and is a little more expensive than any other materials. Those attributes will also heighten the effect of elegancy of executive office chairs.
Without a doubt, finding the most appropriate and suitable luxury office chairs for your business is a complex one. You need to ask opinions from employees on which design they would find comfortable and pleasurable chairs. Besides, you might want to find those that give you plentiful comfort when resting on them for long periods of time.
Considering that the time of being seated on them is from 6 to 9 hours a day, you would definitely need the appropriate and proper support for your back. Executive office chairs are the right choice allows you to sit on them for a long periods of time without giving you any discomfort or pain.
Having no suffering from back pain because of irregular posture would increase the performance of executives. With executive wood or metal office chairs you will be able to concentrate on tasks and be more productive. Do not forget to read online review so that you can able to get big discount and get cheap office furniture.
Appropriately designed and made to last a long time, these chairs are also equipped with a wide variety of features that would make you feel like a CEO when you sit on them. These chairs are also really easy to set-up and require no tools. Executive office chairs are indeed designed not only beautifully but also practically.
Stylish and ergonomic office chairs are also equipped with perfect locking position. The position upright can be locked as you raise the height of the chairs. Therefore, lack of stability, which is common in most of other cheap executive chairs, could be avoided. Furthermore, these chairs also have pneumatic height adjustment feature.
This is quite simple and easy to use since it uses a gas-lift seat for adjusting height. This feature of executive office chairs is really helpful for you who want to sit comfortably as well as pleasurably in a long period of time.
Office chairs are available in a large selection of designs to satisfy various needs. Cheap office chairs are a possible choice for price aware persons.
Getting cussed stains is able to surely place a constraint to your company's figure when you own loyal client. The brand new cover is able to produce an impressive and clean appear for your office making the guest's sense greater comfort.
From the entire alternatives inside the marketplace, the high back chair is surely the best type. Any elements just like elegance, price and ergonomics, you would certainly obtain your dollars' value with this type of seat. Think about adjustable back height, tilt pressure control, swivel model and versatile chair height changes when purchase this seat.
The leather executive office chair is intended through producers just to give a convenience for their customers, gives capability and on the identical time, it has a trendy appear. Black Leather Executive office chair with Leather-based Padded Loop Arms – GO-901-BK-GG is the suitable type with passive lumbar assist that will not let you to get your weight put in your backbone.
The mesh allows the swap of sufficient air in the furniture, and making your day work less conservative. You might really waste lots of time sitting at a mesh back chair without your backbone still noticing it. An advantage point that mesh ergonomic chair possess the any entire upholstered office chair in leather or cloth will be the breathability that provide by the mesh fabric. The capability for office chair to respire can be matched against a couple of shoes.
You will find massive alternatives of other kinds of guest chairs out there in this day and perhaps, you might be confuse to find the alternative of guest seating.
For formal manner guest seating you can choose both wooden and metallic framed guest chairs. When casualness is your goal then perhaps a sofa or tub seat goes to become what you are going to choose when selecting your visitor seating.
It can be quite vital to pick a desk chair that may be ergonomically and appropriate for the user convenience. Wood is usually used for creating desk chairs due to ample stock and affordability. When focused on a desk seat, it can be an excellent concept to consider other pieces of furniture to incorporate your office.
You will find regular office task chairs with the similar ergonomic constructions that might be less expensive and quiet gentle. Finally, the workers are the core of an organization so shopping for a comfortable office task chairs on their behalf are well worth. These days, lots of office task ergonomic chair is included with little wheels below the chair legs and they do not need sufficient room to suit in workplace.
Reception chairs are nice property to have and feature around if just due to the pleasant environment that such type of furniture will give. They are surely making an excellent sense to your guests and customers. Many versions of reception chairs inside the marketplace in this day have extremely powerful and solid frames just to give your backbone section the maximum ergonomic advantages.
There are various models from Office Star chairs. However, until you make investments some cash on this specific office furniture, it can be essential to locate chair which is able to accommodate your height and have adjustable armrest feature.
An armless chair could also be a helpful and wise way of sitting inside the workspace, both inside the home or office environment. Frequently, sitting at armed seat can also be annoying since it is hard to enter it since you go to work. The armless office chairs could be used like an alternative to the leather-based office chairs since they support to save area.


When the chief priests and elders question Jesus about His authority, He asks them what they think about the baptism of John. When they refuse to answer Him, He refuses to answer them.
I will also tell you by what authority I do these things.
"Neither will I tell you by what authority I do these things.
Third class conditional implying potential future action.


Best match results for pulmonologists in South Africa + 30km.
I am a general paediatrician and paediatric pulmonologist providing both general and specialised health care for babies and children of all ages. Whether you child needs a general childhood wellness check, is acutely unwell or has a chronic respiratory problem, I aim to provide holistic and personalised care. I work in a state of the art facility at the new Christiaan Barnard memorial Hospital, with a full multidisciplinary team available to support me in the care of your child. There is emergency ... Read more cover available 24 hours a day between my excellent colleagues and myself.
Specialist Paediatrician and Paediatric Pulmonologist. Specialist in asthma, congenital and acquired lung disorders, childhood allergies, critical care and paediatric lung function testing.
If you are a business that provides pulmonologists, please add your details to the site today.
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We may collect information about your computer, including where available your IP address, operating system and browser type, for system administration and to report aggregate information to our advertisers. This is statistical data about our users' browsing actions and patterns, and does not identify any individual and we will not collect personal information in this way. We may obtain information about your general Internet usage by using a cookie file which is stored on the hard drive of your computer. Cookies contain information that is transferred to your computer's hard drive. They help us to improve our Site and to deliver a better and more personalised service. They enable us: · To estimate our audience size and usage pattern.


The Best Solar Panel Installers in Essex.
Green Energy Electrical aim to help all of our customers in Essex save money on their energy bills whilst lowering their carbon footprint.
Solar panels enable you to generate your own free electricity using the sun's energy and get paid for it. That's because government funding for solar PV is still available. And by using the electricity you generate, you won't use as much from the national grid, meaning savings on your electricity bills! Solar panels also offer a great way to lessen the impact of rising energy prises and you will also significantly lower your carbon footprint which is fantastic for the environment.
At Green Energy Electrical we design, supply and install solar PV systems for your home or business across Essex and the surrounding areas. Having completed many installs you can rely on us to provide the best possible service and because we are MCS accredited, all of our installations are eligible for the Government Feed-in Tariffs.
If you live in Essex and would like to know more about the benefits of solar PV, please contact us here or call us on 01277 523220.
We have a team of dedicated staff in our Essex-based offices so your calls and enquiries will always be answered.
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text:
Action-Packed, "LEGO-Style" Transformer Apartment Unfolds in 258 Sq. Ft (Video)
The way forward is here
Kimberley Mok kimberleymok
Fair Companies /Screen capture
Transformer-style small spaces come in all shapes and sizes, much like their creators. Though nowhere as extreme as this 78 square foot shoebox apartment in Manhattan, this pared-down, 258 square foot remodelled pigeon loft in Barcelona's hip Born district takes its inspiration from boat design to create a space that has most of its hideaway elements tucked into one wall -- plus a pull-out bed that's hidden under the balcony, of all places. Check out the full tour from Fair Companies:
Definitely a far cry from the original state of the apartment, seen here:
Fair Companies/Screen capture
Spring-loaded doors conceal all the visual clutter, while furniture like tables and the sofa have to be "built" in order to be used, prompting resident and photographer Christian Schallert to quip with a smile that he lives "in an action apartment," while his friend comments that it's very much a "LEGO-style" apartment, where you have to build what you want to use.
It may not be for everyone, but it's clear that Christian doesn't lack anything, even in this seemingly small space: he's able to have friends over (apparently 40 at one point), there's a toilet tucked behind a door, shower, two sinks (one for the bath and one for the kitchen), storage and a full kitchen that includes a dishwasher.
Best of all is the gorgeous view from the balcony, and the ingenious stroke of hiding the bed under the balcony. The result is a flexible and efficient space that transforms according to the needs of the inhabitant, and which can be cleared away with the touch of a hand. It's a beautiful space that deftly shows that with a little forethought, living small doesn't necessarily have to mean making huge sacrifices. More over at Fair Companies.
This clean-cut transformer space hides everything in one wall -- and surprisingly tucks the bed underneath the balcony.
Manhattan Architect Lives & Works in 78 Sq. Ft Apartment (Video)
Clever 450 Sq. Feet Transformer Apartment Accomodates Father and Th...
Tiny Transformer Apartment Has Moving Walls, Dropping Beds and More
322 sq. ft. micro-apartment has a transforming 'function wall'


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Roushdy Street Alexandria, EGYPT 21111
Arabic Calligraphy
today 10 am - 7 pm
'The well is drying up'—rare Rembrandt biblical work could fetch $30m at Sotheby's next month
Measuring just 16cm by 21cm, Rembrandt van Rijn's Abraham and the Angels (1646) may be diminutive in size, but its price tag is anything but. Last publicly sold for £64 in 1848, the Old Testament oil painting is now expected to make $20m to $30m at Sotheby's in…
Relevant Art
Prof.DR. MOHAMED SALEM
الأستاذ الدكتور / محمد سالم
UK New Year's Honours 2021: awards for artists Michael Landy and Denzil Forrester
Art Artist Entertainment Exhibition fine art Museum
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When I woke up this morning, my coupons.com widget had been reset with TONS of $1/off Kelloggs Cereal coupons. Oh Happy Day!
Here's a chance for those who don't like to clip coupons and/or don't have stores that double them to receive the same value. Just print and save today!!
Here are just a few of the stores where you can get Kelloggs for my target price of less than $1/box.
I'm sure your local stores are offering these sales as well – check your weekly flyer.
Plus, if you'd like to save these coupons for CVS next week, you will get the cereal for $0.67/box.
Use 3 of the $1/off coupons from my coupon bar.
They will be $0.67/box after coupons and ECBs. Whoot Whoot!
I used all of my GM's cereal coupons from last month just for this very triple coupon moment. I bought 10 boxes of cereal yesterday for $0.25-50. Wait until you see my picture…I will post it.
And since I just got a box of this for $0.50, I thought I'd share where I got the coupon.
Maybe I am to fat LOL – I need to get on a diet any suggestions?
I am all about the bogo!
Hi There! Thanks for the heads up! I have listed the deals for Albertsons this week and I have also listed a current catalina going on with the Kelloggs products. I don't believe they are on sale this week but with the coupon match ups on these products it might make it a good deal! The catalina is for 2 free movie tickets.
Holy cow!!! I printed my coupons and I'm ready to go! The way my family eats cereal, this will save me a bundle!!
Thanks for the heads up on the cereal coupons. I'm almost out of cereal too….!
I'm going to try really hard to match coupons with sales but I haven't had much luck with that in the past. Perhaps it's just the area I live in.
Jen you are turning me into a monster….last week I did double coupons at Kmart and got $75 worth of stuff for 40 cents!!!!!!!
Thanks for the great heads up!
Hi! I've just started reading your blog. I'm a stay at home mom trying to save money at the grocery store. I've started printing coupons and reading as much as I can for advice. I was reading another post where you said you bought a lot of pillsbury products on sale for pretty cheap. Two questions: Where do you get those coupons? and do you have to use all of them right away or can you save them in the freezer? Thanks!
Thanks!!! I've got 4 boys who can eat an entire box of cereal in one sitting!


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Home » Create Facebook Business Account » How to Make A Business Account On Facebook Updated 2019
How to Make A Business Account On Facebook Updated 2019
By fardhan alief — Friday, January 24, 2020 — Create Facebook Business Account
Facebook's Business Accounts are specialised for taking care of Facebook Pages as well as Facebook Advertisements. How To Make A Business Account On Facebook - You can think of them as stripped down Individual Accounts that do not have a public presence. A Facebook Business Account should be connected to a Facebook Page to begin with. If your not-for-profit already has a Facebook Page, you could Create a 'dummy' Page to Create business Account, then add business Account as an admin to your Facebook Page and also remove the 'dummy' Page.
How To Make A Business Account On Facebook
How you can Create a Facebook Business Account (with a new Facebook Page)
Step 1: See to it you typically aren't logged into Facebook. Most likely to http://www.facebook.com and also click the link on the front Page that claims "Create a Page ...".
Step 2: Select "Cause or Community" for your not-for-profit. Each of these options have a little various 'about' areas that allow you to add various types of information. For example, a Resident Business of Location' might have opening times. You can transform this later on.
Action 3: Submit the details in the form. You will after that be sent out a verification e-mail so make sure you use and also email address that you have access to.
This will Create your not-for-profit's Facebook Business Account.
Tip 4: The following part is to establish the new Facebook Page. Simply comply with the prompts to complete the Page. You could additionally skip this procedure for now or finish producing your Facebook Page.
Why utilize a Facebook Business Account?
There are a variety of reasons a Facebook Business Account could be necessary when establishing a Facebook Page for your not-for-profit:.
- Centralise your organisation's use Facebook.
- Restrict staff activity while on Facebook.
- Minimize the risk entailed with connecting the Facebook Page to your staff's personal account.
- No personnel have a personal account as well as don't wish to Create one.
What can (as well as can not) a Facebook Business Account do?
Both main function of Facebook Business Accounts are to:
- Create and also Manage Facebook Pages.
- Create and handle Facebook Adverts.
This consists of posting to your Pages (consisting of events, photos etc), 'liking' other Pages as your Page, accessing Facebook Page Insights, promoting messages and also other.
However, there are points you cannot do that you can if you provide the Page from a personal Facebook Account.
- You cannot utilize Facebook as your Page (i.e. you can't talk about other Pages or accessibility your Page's news feed).
- You don't have access to Facebook search.
- You can't alter the 'voice' on your Facebook Page to comment as yourself.
Also, you can not make use of Facebook as an individual such as:.
- You can not add/tag/invite individuals (unless you're replying to a remark).
- Sign up with or take care of any Facebook Teams.


Flat feet are common, and are the source of many foot problems. Also called fallen arches, flat feet are a condition in which a person has no arch on the bottom of his or her feet. Where most people's feet are curved on the bottom, a person with flat feet has no curve or arch. When this occurs, feet can turn inward causing stress on other parts of the body. With the help of your Reston, Manassas, or Leesburg, VA podiatrist, you can find relief from your flat feet while protecting other parts of your body from further problems.
To stop the leg and foot pain, it is important to visit your podiatrist in Reston for further diagnosis and treatment options. Orthotics, or arch supports, are commonly used to lift the foot and give you the cushion that your missing arches normally would. If a fallen arch is caused by weight gain, losing weight will also help to alleviate your foot complications.
Visit Reston, Manassas & Leesburg Foot and Ankle Centers for further consultation and treatment planning for your flat feet.


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Kaia Gerber Found Out That Mom Cindy Crawford Built a Golf Course at Their House via Instagram
"I haven't even been gone that long"
MALIBU, CA - MAY 13: Kaia Gerber and Cindy Crawford attend Mother's Day Weekend Brunch Hosted By Best Buddies Global Ambassador Cindy Crawford And Daughter Kaia Gerber on May 13, 2017 in Malibu, California. (Photo by Todd Williamson/Getty Images)Todd Williamson
While you're busy prepping your dorm room plans before heading off to college, it's likely that your parents were brainstorming similar renovations to turn your bedroom in to a craft room, home gym, or an extra closet. (They still love you!) However, it seems Cindy Crawford and husband Rande Gerber had more luxurious plans for their home while children Kaia, 16, and Presley, 18, were off walking runways all over the world. When Cindy posted a video of herself putting on a waterfront green (that looks suspiciously like the view from the family's Ontario lake home), Kaia didn't hesitate to call out her mom.
"DID [YOU] BUILD A GOLF COURSE?!" the youngest supermodel of the family commented on her mother's post. And, like any good mom who misses their children, Cindy dared her internationally in-demand daughter to return home and find out. "Come home and you'll see!" the 52-year-old wrote back. Kaia, who could not let her mother get the last word, pointed out that if this is a home renovation, the Gerbers pulled it off in no time. She wrote in a follow-up comment, "I haven't even been gone that long."
Kaia, with brother Presley by her side, has been seen modeling at fashion week shows in New York, London, Milan, and Paris. As far as renovation projects go, a personal putting green could potentially have a quick turnaround, but it's more likely that the parents of two kept plans for the addition to their property a secret from their children.
This isn't the first time the 16-year-old has trolled her mom on social media. When Cindy posted snaps of her steamy photoshoot for InStyle, Kaia hilariously commented, "MOM! Where's dad." The family that comments on each other's social media content together from across the globe, stays together, apparently.
Related: Kaia Gerber's First Chanel Campaign Was Shot in Coco Chanel's Home
The young person's guide to conquering (and saving) the world. Teen Vogue covers the latest in celebrity news, politics, fashion, beauty, wellness, lifestyle, and entertainment.
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The three parties – Ratas' Centre, EKRE and the conservative Fatherland party, which have a total of 56 seats in the 101-member parliament – approved the coalition plan on Saturday. Ratas invited EKRE to coalition talks on March 11, reversing a promise to block the anti-immigration party from the cabinet. The 36-page coalition plan includes some of EKRE's strict immigration polices and wider use of referendums. The parties also shared ministries between them – with Finance, Interior, Environment, Rural Affairs and Foreign Trade going to EKRE.
The plan will be a blow to the European Union, which already faces resistance over the migrant crisis and its divisive quota system.
The announcement comes a day after the president asked the leader of Estonia's largest political party, Reform, to form a government.
Kaja Kallas, head of the centre-right group, has two weeks to present a plan for forming a cabinet. If she fails, President Kersti Kaljulaid can turn to Ratas' coalition.
Kallas pulled off a surprise win over the centre-left government in a March 3 vote for parliament, but fell short of a majority.
While she won backing in coalition talks with the Social Democrats, she failed to also win support from the Fatherland or Centre in Estonia's fragmented assembly.
Kallas said Reform and the Social Democrats, which together have 44 seats in parliament, would seek support from individual members of the Centre and the Fatherland parties, some of whom oppose the tie up with the far right.
Reform won 34 seats in the 101-seat parliament, while left-leaning Centre got 26 seats – but one member has already left the party, the conservative Fatherland party got 12 seats and the Social Democrats 10.


NHL teams might see a little more teamwork this season from the Philadelphia Flyers: After wrapping up their exhibition season, they embarked on a team-building rafting trip down the Colorado River. Tackling the namesake of Major League Soccer's Colorado Rapids, they paddled the run to better their chances at a playoff run.
When in Rome: Bringing some props to paddle with a pro hockey team.
A good team doesn't stack all its heat on one line; they spread it out. Same with dividing up rafters: Spread out your talent to lessen the chance of tipping. Forming a circle in the parking lot for the "draft," one by one they pulled names from a hat to form their rafting fivesomes. "Claude" deadpanned the first honoree, selecting all-star Giroux, a fiery redhead who's amassed 677 points in his 11 years with the Flyers. Of course, you then have to stick with the results. The next captain pulled three Swedes, prompting a coach to bellow, "Oh no, we have a Swedish raft!" while a third resulted in locker room banter. "No way I want to go with him," ribbed the selectee.
After settling into their craft—ideally wings in their respective position up front, centers amidships and defense in the stern—the puck dropped and they shoved off, swapping their sticks for paddles. How'd the team-building play out in their early October opener against the Stanley Cup runner-up Las Vegas Golden Knights? They bowled them over like the Broad Street Bullies, smoking them 5-2.
You're Never Too Cool to "Ride the Bull"
Flyers star Scott Laughton illustrated this when he straddled the bow line and sat atop the front raft tube through Man Eater rapid on the Colorado's Shoshone section east of Glenwood Springs, Colo. He pulled back, whooped and hollered, and, most importantly, held on—so I didn't have to rescue him. Don't be surprised if you see him weave that look into his goal-scoring celebration routine.
I found this out by showing up at the put-in with a few props: hockey gloves, an old CCM helmet and two hockey sticks duct-taped together as a paddle. Then I pulled a Claude Giroux jersey over my PFD, creating my own version of Gritty, their new orange-haired, googly-eyed mascot. I paddled the whole run with the gloves, which worked admirably save for getting soggy and weighted-down. As for using two sticks taped together as a paddle—a righthanded one on the right and a lefthander on the left, giving me two "powerfaces"—the only knocks: It was tough indexing my palm over the square shaft and the blades were a tad smaller than usual.
Philadelphia Flyers forward Scott Laughton practices "riding the bull" in front of the raft.
In the changing room we could only watch as, one by one, the players tried on their wetsuits, squeezing Quasimodo-sized quads into tight neoprene. But they welcomed the warmth, as a cold front was settling over Colorado.
No one questioned wearing a helmet. "We're used to getting our heads hit," said one player, turning the light blue, rather feminine-looking headpiece over in his hands. While the outfitter's helmets were a tad weenier than their NHL ones, with a small plastic band for tightening over mullets, their most redeeming features was the names written on them, so guests know which one is theirs. A big defenseman grabbed one labeled "Barbie," prompting heckling from his friends, until they grabbed ones anointed "Tinkerbell" and "Cameron Diaz."
Even though few of them had ever paddled before (except for the Canadians, who had likely canoed), they were far from Bambis on ice. "They followed directions great and each stroke was way more than what you needed," said guide Karl Borski. "Last year we took the National English Rugby Team down and these guys were way better.
When word got out via Instagram on what they had done, the comments lit up like a red hockey goal light: "Why would they choose a risky activity like this?"; "It's hard to recognize them in those blue helmets"; "Haven't we learned enough from Flyers and their on-water antics?"; "Like there aren't enough injuries…let's go rafting on raging waters next to unforgiving, jagged boulders!" And, in reference to their Cousin It-like mascot, "Please tell me Gritty drowned."
— Read more from Eugene Buchanan, including a Q&A from his recent book 'Comrades on the Colca,' as well as 'Ode to the Ducky,' his tale of wilderness paddling with an NFL lineman.


How do I cook grits?
And remember there are as many ways to cook grits as there are to .... can't think of an analogy but you get it.
How do I cook real coarse stone ground grits.... Water to grain ratio for how long?


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This contains the code running on eslint.org.

## Pull Requests

Please note that all HTML documentation is split between this repository and the main [ESLint repository](https://github.com/eslint/eslint). Documentation for rules and APIs is located in the core repository, the rest is located in this repository. You can easily determine if original documentation file is native to website repository by checking for `<!-- Note: No pull requests accepted for this file. See README.md in the root directory for details. -->` comment just below the header of the markdown file. If that header is present, this file is located in the core ESLint repository and any pull requests should be send there. Otherwise, file is native to this site repository and can be fixed by creating a pull request in this repository.

## How to add your company/project logo to the site

* Create a fork of this repository
* Clone it locally
* Create a new branch
* Add your logo image to /img/logos/ directory. Logo should be at least 150px of height. Name your logo with your company/project name.
* Update /_data/logos.yml file and add an entry for your company with the name, url and src (should point to the logo you just added).
* Commit your changes to your fork and create a pull request into the main repository.

## License

MIT


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Carrie Underwood's Christmas album 'My Gift' tops multiple Billboard charts
Published: Tue, October 6, 2020 12:10 PM Updated: Tue, October 6, 2020 12:34 PM
Carrie Underwood's first Christmas album, titled "My Gift," has topped multiple Billboard charts. [Album cover photographed by Joseph Llanes]
Seven-time Grammy Award winner and Oklahoma native Carrie Underwood's first Christmas album, "My Gift," debuts at No. 1 on the Billboard Country, Christian and Holiday charts this week.
"My Gift" marks the eighth straight album Underwood has debuted at No. 1 on the Billboard Country chart. Her holiday collection also debuted at No. 1 on the UK country chart (her fifth No. 1 on the chart) and at No. 1 on the Canadian country chart, according to a news release.
As previously reported, "My Gift" features a combination of beloved traditional favorites celebrating the spiritual nature of the holiday as well as several new originals. Two of the original songs are written by Underwood, frequent collaborator and fellow Oklahoman Brett James ("Jesus, Take the Wheel," "Something In The Water"), and her "Cry Pretty" co-producer, David Garcia. In addition to a special appearance by Underwood's 5-year-old son, Isaiah Fisher, on the holiday classic that inspired the album title, "Little Drummer Boy," the album also features her first collaboration with Emmy, Grammy, Oscar, and Tony Award-winner John Legend, on the original track, "Hallelujah," written by Legend and Toby Gad ("All of Me").
Grammy Award-winning producer, mixer, songwriter and multi-instrumentalist, Greg Wells produced and arranged the album. He has written and produced some of the best-selling and highest charting tracks of the past 15 years for such artists as Adele, Celine Dion, Keith Urban, and Pink, as well as the worldwide smash "The Greatest Showman" soundtrack. My Gift features a world-class orchestra, led by the arranger, composer, and conductor David Campbell, whose many credits include iconic recordings by artists including Linda Ronstadt, Beyoncé, Justin Timberlake, Barbra Streisand, Michael Jackson, Josh Groban, and his son Beck. "My Gift" is mixed by 14-time Grammy Award-winning mixer Serban Ghenea.
As previously reported, Underwood is also set to star in a new holiday special, which will be available exclusively on streaming service HBO Max. She will appear with a live orchestra and choir, performing a combination of beloved traditional favorites, as well as new original material from "My Gift." The Max Original special will be executive produced by Gary Goetzman and Tom Hanks for Playtone, along with Underwood and her manager, Ann Edelblute. The streaming service will premiere the event this holiday season.
Fans can purchase new merchandise bundles in the Official "My Gift" store and listen to the album HERE. "My Gift" is set to be released on vinyl Oct. 30.
As previously reported, Underwood celebrated the release of "My Gift" recently by donating $100,000 worth of Chromebooks and other supplies to the students in her hometown school system, Checotah Public Schools, to help during the pandemic. The newly crowned Academy of Country Music Entertainer of the Year made the donation through her C.A.T.S. Foundation (Checotah Animal, Town, and School Foundation).
In addition to her recent donation, Underwood has set up a website for fans to share their own stories about acts of kindness as well as examples of how we can all inspire others by paying it forward. For more information, go to umgn.us/SeasonOfGiving.
"My Gift" Track List
1. Joyful, Joyful, We Adore Thee (Traditional)
2. O Come All Ye Faithful (Traditional)
3. Let There Be Peace (Carrie Underwood, Brett James, David Garcia)
4. Little Drummer Boy(featuring Isaiah Fisher) (Harry Simeone, Henry Onorati, Katherine Davis)
5. Sweet Baby Jesus (Carrie Underwood, Brett James, David Garcia)
6. Hallelujah(with John Legend) (John Stephens aka John Legend, Toby Gad)
7. O Holy Night (Traditional)
8. Mary, Did You Know? (Buddy Greene, Mark Lowry)
9. Have Yourself A Merry Little Christmas (Ralph Blane, Hugh Martin)
10. Away In A Manger (Traditional)
11. Silent Night (Traditional)
CommentsCarrie Underwood's Christmas album 'My Gift' tops multiple Billboard charts