Tough Travels from the fantasyreviewbarn provides a fun fantasy prompt every Thursday (based on Diana Wynne Jone's Tough Guide to Fantasyland) for those who like to compile lists of things. I thought I'd give it a try this week, since the topic is "Fairytales are not just stories" and I love fairytales. I'm still a bit woozy from all the meds I'm taking for my cough so this list is what I was able to scrounge up a few hours ago. But, it was fun remembering how great these little stories were, and since I'm spending more time in bed, recuperating from this dratted cough, I'll have more time to re-read these again!
If you're a fairytale connoisseur you've most definitely read this gem. Ella Enchanted is about a sharp-witted girl "gifted" to obey any commands a person could give her, no matter how mundane. Here begins an adventure of the wills, with Ella willing to make the ultimate sacrifice to protect the one she loves. It's simply a sweet, funny, charming little story that made me cry and laugh and revel in the magical world. Ella's story is my favorite re-telling of Cinderella – nothing's really beat this one since then!
"Was finishing school so wearisome that you had to run away?" he asked.
"Are you proud of them?" He was alarmed.
He shrugged, disliking the topic.
I went on anyway. "To begin with, I could teach these boorish ogres how to eat properly." I seated myself on a large rock. "Observe." I plucked an imaginary napkin out of the air, shook it twice, and placed it on my lap.
"Very ladylike," Char said politely.
"The prince contradicts a lady!" I picked up an imaginary fork and began to saw at imaginary food.
"When I don't see one." He was laughing.
Juliet Marillier does wonderful things to fairytales. Daughter of the Forest is another good one, a fey-filled tale of passion and cruelty based off of the Goose Girl Fairytale. In Wildwood Dancing, our heroine, Jena, and her sisters regularly sneak off at night to enter the world of the fey folk. Jena, in particular, has a little pet frog, Gogu, who she suspects must be a magical being for he can communicate with her through her thoughts. I love what Juliet Marillier did with the Frog Prince and 12 Dancing Princesses fairytales. Jena has to go through difficult trials in order to save her sister and also in order to prove herself to the one she loves. Full of ancient magic, sisterly love, and a great many surprises, Wildwood Dancing is a must read if you're into collecting fairytale retellings.
"first pick of what?" I asked them.
"Queen of the Fairies," I sniffed.
The three of us froze in shock. We'd no idea anyone else was there. But as the voice spoke, we saw an old woman, clad all in black, stooped over in the woods nearby. She was gathering yellow mushrooms into a little basket. Maybe she'd been there all the time; she blended into the dark hues of the undergrowth as if she were just another thing that grew there.
"What do you mean?" asked Costi.
"It's only a game," said Cezar.
"What rules?" asked Costi, frowning.
This one surprised me with how well done it was and has, to this day, been the only fairytale re-telling of East of the Sun, West of the Moon that I actually enjoyed! Cassie lives with her father at a research centre in the Arctic where they study polar bears. But, not everything is explainable by solid scientific fact. One day, Cassie meets a talking polar bear who promises that he can help her find her mother if she will agree to live with him. Turns out the Polar Bear King is a magical being that guides the souls of dying polar bears into the lives of new born ones. It was great fun reading how Cassie uses her scientific training to help the Polar Bear King make predictions about tracking down dying or new born bears. This retelling of East of the Sun, West of the Moon, is also the only retelling of this fairytale in which I found the romance between the polar bear being and our heroine actually believable. In the case of this fairytale, it's truly no easy feat!!
"I did not think you were the kind to give up without trying," the Bear King said.
"I don't give up," Cassie said automatically. She thought about it for an instant and then repeated, "I don't give up." He'd seen her stubbornness firsthand. She had tracked him until she was nearly out of fuel, despite knowing she was disobeying station rules. That chase felt like it had happened a lifetime ago.
She winced—two insults in one breath. She was not leaving because she was weak or cowardly. Was she?
He considered it. "Yes," he said.
"I think you are frightened," he said.
"Like hell I am," she said.
Shannon Hale did her version of the Goose Girl fairytale as well in The Goose Girl. But, my personal favorite of Hale's work is Book of a Thousand Days which was apparently loosely based off of the Maid Maleen fairytale. In this one, Dashti is a servant to a princess who has been locked up in a tower by her father, apparently for refusing to marry the man her father chose for her. Dashti is clever, resourceful, loyal, full of optimism, and full of surprises. In Book of a Thousand Days, we read the story through her diary, and follow her and the Princess as they wile away their days in the tower and then later on, run/hide from a wicked Khan who is bent on possessing the Princess. While reading this one, you can't help but route for Dashti's great spirit!
That's not me, so I didn't answer. I stayed on my mattress, mending a stocking, wishing on each stitch that my lady would go speak to her khan herself.
At last she arose from our one chair and stood before me. I kept stitching, praying she would act.
"Speak with him, Dashti," she said.
"Please, my lady…" I shouldn't have argued, Mistress would've scolded, but better to be scolded than hanged on the city's south wall. In the city, I learned that's where they execute those whose crimes are so rotten they'd have no hope of ascending into the Ancestor's Realm. The south wall. The wall farthest from the Sacred Mountain.
My lady offered me her hand. How perfect her hands are! I've never seen skin like hers, so soft, no rough spots on her fingertips, her palms like the underside of calf leather. She'll be made to touch nothing harder than water, so I swore by the eight Ancestors and the Eternal Blue Sky. And if what she commands leads my head into a neck rope, then so be my lady's will.
I spoke a prayer in my heart—Pardon me, Nibus, god of order.
She sat on my mattress while I lodged the wooden spoon beneath the flap.
"I'm here," I said. I could see his boot in the puddle of moonlight. It was brown leather, double stitched. It would take a mucker a week to make one of those boots.
"I didn't wake you?" he asked.
"Oh, no, I never sleep…" I was going to say that I never sleep until my lady does, but I stopped myself.
"No, yes, I do, I just, I mean…" I don't know how to lie to gentry.
His voice went dry. I knew he was teasing me, so I said, "And I'll pray for you to Carthen, goddes of strength. Your ankles look too skinny to carry you." They didn't, of course, but accusing one of having skinny ankles is a friendly insult among muckers, and it felt so natural to say.
So I did. I was wearing a pair of my lady's older slippers, the kind with the toe curled up prettily, so I was proud to let him see my foot when I lowered my right leg through the flap down to my knee. I could feel her khan press his own leg against mine, measuring our ankles together.
"Not a chance. And it's not a fair comparison, as you're wearing boots." I was giggling. I couldn't help it, it was so ridiculous, my leg down the dump hole to prove I had sturdy ankles, her khan measuring them, and my lady surely wondering if we're insane. And then when I tried to lift my leg back up, I got stuck, and I felt his hands unhook the tip of my slipper from a metal catch and help raise my leg. He was chuckling my now, too.
I love this version of the Goose Girl fairytale. In this one, Alexandria is a dry, sharp-witted, poor, average-looking goose girl until one day, she offers a beggar some food. But, instead of actually giving Alexandria something helpful in return, the beggar gifts her beauty and wealth! Oh, the horror! From page one, I was laughing—there are so many clever twists to our favorite fairytale tropes in here. Here, we see how much exactly beauty and wealth can be cumbersome to Alexandria, who just wanted to be left alone to live her life.
My name, I must tell you, is Alexandria Aurora Fortunato, and the reason for all this royal rivalry for my hand—besides, of course, my inexhaustible wealth—is that I am lovely as the dawn.
You need not laugh; 'tis perfectly true. Back when I was a simple Goose Girl and this calamity first befell me, I used to go down to the duck pond at sunrise to see if 'twas really so. 'Tis not terribly easy to see yourself in a duck pond—your hair hangs down and gets in the way, for one thing—but if anything, I would have to say that I am a great deal lovelier than the dawn. After all, there are dismal dawns and rain-drenched dawns and dawns as cold as charity, but I am always the same: perfectly, flawlessly lovely. Why, for sheer loveliness I'll warrant I could beat the dawn nine times out of ten. And that is without even trying.
I have not always been as lovely as the dawn. Six months ago I was no more lovely than—what shall I say?—a pickled onion. Well, not so very bad, perchance, but all knees and elbows and I didn't always keep my face and hair clean. Well, why should I? It never seemed important. The Geese didn't care how often I scrubbed myself, and that pond water is cold.
I was only a poor orphan Goose Girl, you see, with no more use for a perfect profile than I had for a slops basin encrusted with emeralds. I still have no use for either; it seems to me that the combination of great beauty and great wealth is a monstrous cruel handicap for a girl who simply wants to tend to her own affairs and her own Geese. In the future I shall know precisely what to do if another old beggar woman comes pestering me for a bite to eat while I'm herding my Geese in the high meadow. Will I give her my last crust of bread, like the softhearted, simpleminded dunderpate that I am? No I will not; I'll send her away with a flea in her ear, that's what I'll do. 'Tis said that no good deed ever goes unpunished, and so I am learning to my sorrow.
Previous Book Review: Royal Airs by Sharon Shinn. The slums of Chialto may be overcrowded and labyrinthine but somehow the two people most important to the fate of the nation can still find each other without further ado. Who'd have thought?
Next Book Review: Dreamer's Pool by Juliet Marillier. How will a prickly healer hell-bent on vengeance and a hulking brute haunted by nightmares save a Prince and his darling from the sinister workings of an ancient magic?
Mogsy – Yes! Juliet Marillier's stories always linger in my imagination 🙂 She writes stories about the fey folk with just the right amount of ancient otherworldliness. Especially when it comes to forests!
Whoop whoop! Ella Enchanted remains one of my all-time favorite fairy-tale retellings. It's a wonderful take on the Cinderella story, and it's also so funny and charming. Love the passage you quoted!
Jenny – Yes, whoop whoop indeed! Ella Enchanted is a bundle of guaranteed fairytale comfort for sure 🙂 And you gotta love the Ella and Prince Char twosome. So sweet.
Mervih – Haha, these are actually pretty short ones. If there was one on this list I'd highly recommend it would definitely be Ella Enchanted. 🙂 It's a middle grade book but my goodness is it awesome for all ages.


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I didn't have much time and I wanted to discover main artworks. I discovered this app which gave me a walking tour inside the museum. The audio guide was interesting and not so long, so very clear for me. I totally recommend if you visit for the first time the museum. I hope you will keep putting more content!


The global manufacturing industry is currently facing a complex transition period. The financial crisis along with unstable global markets have challenged manufacturer's profits and threatened their ability to expand into new markets.
IDC Manufacturing Insights conducted a recent survey investigating the "factory of the future." According to the report "Business Strategy: The Journey Toward the People-Intensive Factory of the Future," results showed challenges such as tough economic times and rising market complexity are driving manufacturers to rethink factory management. More than 43% of survey respondents declared they have a formal process in place to design future production plants, according to the report.


Use one tablespoon olive oil to lightly coat the mushroom. Add the mushrooms to a hot 12 inch skillet, season with 3/4 tsp. kosher salt, stir to coat in the oil, then let the mushrooms cook undisturbed until the liquid released by the mushrooms evaporates and they're deep golden brown, 5 to 7 min. Stir and continue sautéing, stirring occasionally, until most sides are nicely browned, 3 to 5 min. more.
Reduce the heat to medium, add the garlic, and cook just to soften it, 15 to 30 seconds. Add the vinegar and stir, scraping the bottom of the pan, until the vinegar evaporates, about 15 seconds. Remove the pan from the heat and toss in the parsley. Season to taste with more salt, if you like. I let the mushrooms cool to room temperature then finished them with a generous drizzle of olive oil. Transfer to a dish and serve with toothpicks for spearing the mushrooms or a serving spoon for putting on individual plates.


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Home National If considered by Oppn, Nitish Kumar might be 'strong candidate' for PM:...
If considered by Oppn, Nitish Kumar might be 'strong candidate' for PM: Tejashwi Yadav
"This signals that most opposition parties see the greater challenge facing the country – the BJP hegemony, where with money, the media, and the (administrative) power of machines, they are determined to eradicate all diversity from Indian society as well as from the political spectrum," Tejashwi said.
New Delhi: Amid the buzz that Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar could emerge as a prime ministerial candidate, RJD leader Tejashwi Yadav on Sunday said if considered by the Opposition, the JD(U) leader might be a "strong candidate" as he enjoys "immense goodwill" on the ground. In an interview with PTI, Bihar Deputy Chief Minister Yadav also said the BJP's narrative that "jungle raj" will be back with the return of the Mahagathbandhan government was a "tired discourse" and a "classic case" of "crying wolf".
The Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) leader said the coming to power of the Mahagathbandhan government with the JD(U), the RJD, the Congress and other parties uniting "augurs well for opposition unity".
"It signals that most of the Opposition parties recognise the larger challenge before the country, the hegemony of the BJP, where on the back of money, media, and (administrative) machinery power, they are determined to stamp out all diversity from the Indian society as well as from the political spectrum," he alleged.
It is also a question of regional representation and social justice and development issues at the level of states, Yadav said.
"For all their talk of cooperative federalism, the BJP's attempt has been to consistently ignore regional disparities. Bihar needs special attention, nobody can deny it. But have we got anything from the Centre…Not quite," he said.
Yadav asserted that regional parties and other progressive political groups have to look beyond their narrow gains and losses and save the republic, asserting that it will be very difficult to rebuild if "we don't stop the destruction in its tracks now".
Asked if Kumar is best-suited to be prime ministerial candidate for 2024 polls and if he could be the Opposition's nominee, Yadav said, "I leave this question for Honourable Nitish ji. I cannot claim to speak on behalf of the entire Opposition, however, if considered, respected Nitish ji definitely might be a strong candidate."
For the last 50 years, he has been a social and political activist, having participated in JP and reservation movements, Yadav said.
"He (Kumar) has more than 37 years of vast parliamentary and administrative experience and enjoys immense goodwill on the ground as well as among his peers," the RJD leader said.
Kumar's decision to break ties with the BJP, his ally since 1996 except for the period between 2013 and 2017, has fuelled speculation about his prime ministerial bid.
Asked about the several adverse comments he had made about Kumar when the JD(U) leader was in alliance with the BJP, Yadav said if one looks at the similarities and differences between them from a historical, national, contemporary and regional perspective, one will find a meeting of minds and objectives.
"We have emerged from the same churn of socialist movements and broadly share the same values. Sometimes there have been issues but none that are irreconcilable," he said.
"Our comments against the previous government were made in the capacity of a responsive opposition. All the interventions made by me and my party colleagues were to make sure the government heard the people's concerns and voices," he asserted.
On the BJP's barb that "jungle raj" will return in Bihar, Yadav said it is a classic case of "crying wolf".
"It's a tired discourse. Please mark my words – people understand and see through these tactics to divert attention and mislead. One, this is the age of social media and friends in mainstream media are not the only ones who control the discourse," he said.
Now, young people and active citizens can immediately recognise propaganda and counter it, the Bihar deputy chief minister asserted.
"The ball is in the court of the mainstream media also, instead of doing 'he said, she said', they should do their own checks. If the BJP says it is going to rain, friends in the mainstream media would do well to look outside the window and check for themselves if it would rain, instead of donning their raincoats and umbrellas and asking us if we think it's going to rain," Yadav said.
Asked about BJP leader Sushil Modi's allegations against the new Mahagathbandhan government and calling him a de facto CM, Yadav said everyone is free to say what they want but it doesn't mean that "we have to take such things seriously".
"Respected Nitish ji is the Chief Minister and I'll work with him to the best of my capacity," he said.
On his promise of 10 lakh jobs and the talk around it, Yadav said, "We have started in earnest, firstly, by deciding to fill up existing vacancies on a priority basis. Thereafter, we will have a programme that will focus on incentivising job creation in various sectors where Bihar has an advantage."
"While we get on with our work, I'll appeal to the Union government again to give Bihar special consideration, the state has waited far too long. I want to remind respected PM Modi of the promises he made to the people of Bihar before both the general elections and the assembly elections," he said.
Kumar took oath as chief minister along with Yadav, who has been designated deputy CM, earlier this month after the JD(U) snapped ties with the BJP and joined hands with the RJD, the Congress and some other parties to form the 'Mahagathbandhan' government.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One of our original pieces, we trialed the Dincwear Kangaroo top with the professional dancers in the MMXI Show at Sadler's Wells.
It then featured in the hit West End Show "Revolution", starring Adam Garcia and Kimberley Wyatt, at the Theatre Royal, Haymarket.
of Dincwear. One of our best selling garments in the shop.


text:
layout: page
title: Palace Holdings Dinner
date: 2016-05-24
author: Andrea Riley
tags: weekly links, java
status: published
summary: Morbi a nulla quis ex vehicula.
banner: images/banner/leisure-03.jpg
booking:
  startDate: 12/02/2017
  endDate: 12/07/2017
  ctyhocn: USTPAHX
  groupCode: PHD
published: true
---
Quisque felis libero, malesuada ut dignissim vel, ornare et lectus. Cras mattis luctus mi eu bibendum. Donec eleifend elementum augue, ut dictum libero suscipit eu. Nulla at erat fringilla, pulvinar arcu sit amet, vehicula arcu. Quisque venenatis nisi sed augue dignissim, sit amet facilisis orci sodales. Aliquam ut tristique odio. Donec vestibulum consectetur sapien nec vulputate. Quisque tincidunt, magna quis placerat pulvinar, sem nunc vulputate ipsum, sit amet commodo metus sapien vel leo. In consequat nibh ac pulvinar mollis. Quisque eget magna varius, lacinia nibh sed, iaculis neque. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Aliquam erat volutpat. Mauris dignissim nulla sit amet mollis suscipit.

* Morbi sit amet mi placerat ligula tempor ullamcorper eget ac mi
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Don't forget to bring a stuffed gallon-sized plastic bag full of your useable scraps!
Bring 1 bag - take 1 home!
Bring 2 bags - take 2 home!
We'll be exchanging them as well as playing with them in an activity with Victoria.


Suicide. The willful taking of one's own life.
This happens with stunning frequency in affluent communities like ours (update: in fact, it happened again on the day this post published, when a Gold Coast man jumped to his death in a confirmed suicide). But, sadly, this is not well known because it's almost never publicly discussed – particularly suicides by adults.
We need to talk about adult suicide as a community more for many reasons. Most important, public discussion raises awareness – the first step toward fixing a problem. But also, we need to make it easier to publicly celebrate the lives of people who commit suicide too. The press doesn't cover them unless they are celebrities, no matter how much good they accomplished before succumbing to an unbearable pain.
Those who commit suicide aren't bad people to be shielded from public view and condemned for the pain they cause others. They're pained people who couldn't find a better way to cope. Often they've contributed substantially to society too.
Fortunately, there is a growing body of work and opportunities to help around teen suicides. This has been particularly prompted in recent years by teen suicide clusters in affluent communities. Lake Forest/Lake Bluff launched a brilliant program called "Text A Tip" which makes it easy and safe for someone feeling suicidal or concerned that another might be to send a text and receive immediate help from a licensed professional. Palo Alto has recently endured yet another teen suicide cluster, prompting the US Center For Disease Control to send a team to help.
So, I particularly write to encourage our community and our culture to break the adult suicide discussion taboo.
We need to more openly discuss the lives of the deceased. We need to celebrate the many gifts they likely contributed to the world, as well as the issues which led to their final fatal decision.
We need to do the same for the survivors of attempted suicide, too. Photographer, writer, survivor, suicide awareness activist Dese'Rae L. Stage hosts a compelling collection of photographs and names of suicide survivors on LiveThroughThis.org.
The American Association of Suicidology (No, I did not make up this name) offers a plethora of "talk about it and break the taboo" resources, including another excellent Ted Talk by comedian Frank King, a writer for Jay Leno.
I know of at least three adults who recently committed suicide. That's horrifying. So my contribution to this "Talk About It – Adult Suicide" article is also a public celebration of the one I knew best. This person lived with a large heart, wicked wit and a special gift with children. Sounds like Robin Williams, right?
As we know, Williams suffered a depression in recent years so deep that he took his own life. My friend and Robin must have shared similar genes. (S)He was that funny and lived with a similar empathy for children too. (S)He not only raised four great kids, (s)he continually created ways to support other youth too, including unexpectedly calling parents to share a thoughtful story about their child.
(S)he stunned family and friends by finishing a routine phone call with a long-time friend, then driving to the Kenilworth Train Station, parking, calmly walking onto the tracks, and laying down in front of a fast-approaching train.
The family asked that this person not be named though. They're suffering extraordinarily. Unfortunately, this is the norm too. It takes great strength to publicly discuss a suicide in your family, as Marion Kahle did in this Make It Better article one year after her son killed himself and another.
This means that if we work to find ways to help/stop those considering suicide, the impact will be even broader than the numbers below, because we save families from enduring pain too.
Please, help reduce these numbers.
Don't whisper about suicide or condemn those who attempt or commit it. Instead recognize and try to heal the pain that pushes people to this point. Celebrate the their strengths and contributions too. Encourage people and organizations to work together to find solutions for the adult suicide issue similar to the community response in Lake Forest/Lake Bluff that led to Text A Tip.
Talk more about it please.
An investment in 21st Century facilities for New Trier High School will pay the best long-term interest for our community.
A YES vote means 25 badly needed new classrooms, three new science labs, and replacing our too small library and cafeteria – all within the existing footprint.
A YES vote means energy efficiency and safety enhancements, instead of throwing away $6 million in band-aid fixes over the next five years.
A YES vote means taking advantage of low borrowing rates, allowing for a $250 average tax impact annually — which is half of the size for the last bond effort.
A YES vote means more and better opportunities for our youth to explore arts, music, theatre, design and other creative fields which are likely to better prepare them for engaging employment in life.


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What's the first thing potential customers will do after meeting you? Google you. And your LinkedIn profile will be the first they see. This is a soup-to-nuts workshop that will teach you how to maximize your profile, connect strategically and share your thought leadership. Vicki Stearn of Think Out Loud Communications will share her expertise of over 20 years in digital and traditional public relations. Don't miss this workshop. Learn how to stand out among your competition.


text:
Guy W. Farmer: ISIS must be destroyed
Chad Lundquist/Nevada Appeal
President Obama was so upset by the terrorist beheading of an American journalist that it took him almost 20 minutes to get back on the golf course at Martha's Vineyard, where he was enjoying a multi-million-dollar vacation with his family. If this seems like a harsh judgment, it is, but it also happens to be true.
President Obama interrupted his vacation to offer condolences to the family of freelance journalist James Foley, who was beheaded by an English-speaking Islamic State (also known as ISIS) terrorist. ISIS then posted a horrifying videotape of the brutal murder on the Internet. A few minutes after his national TV appearance the president was seen laughing and joking with his golfing buddies. As we say in the media business, the optics were all wrong.
But that's par for the course (no pun intended) with this president and this White House. More important than the president's frequent golf outings and his expensive vacations is the fact that ISIS now represents a serious threat to U.S. national security.
"I do think they (ISIS) present the greatest threat we've seen since 9/11," said Rep. Michael McCaul, a Texas Republican who chairs the House Homeland Security Committee. "It (the beheading) has sort of opened our eyes to what ISIS really is . . . how savage they really are (and) their intent to harm Americans," McCaul added.
Although President Obama has authorized limited airstrikes against ISIS in Iraq, many national security experts have urged the president to take stronger action to defeat the Islamic terrorist army. Limited U.S. airstrikes have helped Kurdish and Iraqi forces to retake a strategic dam near Mosul in Northern Iraq, but much more must be done to defeat ISIS.
Retired Gen. Jack Keane, a former Army vice chief of staff, wrote President Obama should take the lead to create an international coalition that would conduct a military, economic and political campaign against the well-armed terrorist organization. "A military campaign is needed to defeat ISIS," Keane wrote. "Political and military leaders must recognize that Iraq and Syria are indivisible in this conflict. ISIS must be defeated in both places." This doesn't mean American boots on the ground, Keane added, but it does mean more U.S. firepower including drone strikes to kill ISIS fighters.
Instead of taking a leadership role, however, President Obama seems to be "leading from behind" yet again by talking vaguely about the "international community" while projecting an image of weakness and vacillation. In fact, his lack of leadership has been noted by commentators from across the political spectrum including liberal New York Times columnist Maureen Dowd, who condemned the president's "bored bird-in-a-gilded cage attitude." "His inner circle keeps getting smaller," she wrote.
"He plays golf with aides and jocks . . . frittering away precious time on the links. . . . The president who was elected because he was a hot commodity is now a wet blanket." Ouch!
Writing in U.S. News & World Report, Mideast scholar Sarwar Kashmeri urged Obama to spearhead formation of an international coalition to defeat ISIS. Prof. Kashmeri wrote the president "should leverage the killing of Foley to swiftly create an Arab, American and European alliance to go after the Islamic State. . . . This is a defining moment for American relations with the Middle East and for American credibility in the world."
It certainly is and the question is whether President Obama is up to the challenge. His critics don't think he is. I hope he proves us wrong, but I fear he won't because he'd rather make speeches than make tough decisions to confront ISIS and international terrorism head-on.
Guy W. Farmer, of Carson City, is a retired diplomat.


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text:
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Versions: (draft-petithuguenin-tram-turn-dtls) 00
TRAM                                                   M. Petit-Huguenin
Internet-Draft                                       Jive Communications
Intended status: Standards Track                            G. Salgueiro
Expires: August 15, 2014                                   Cisco Systems
Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) as Transport for Session
Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)
draft-petithuguenin-tram-stun-dtls-00
This document specifies the usage of Datagram Transport Layer
Security (DTLS) as a transport protocol for Session Traversal
Utilities for NAT (STUN).  It provides guidances on when and how to
use DTLS with the currently standardized STUN Usages.  It also
specifies modifications to the STUN URIs and TURN URIs and to the
TURN resolution mechanism to facilitate the resolution of STUN URIs
and TURN URIs into the IP address and port of STUN and TURN servers
supporting DTLS as a transport protocol.
Petit-Huguenin & SalgueirExpires August 15, 2014                [Page 1]
Internet-Draft               TURN over DTLS                February 2014
2.  Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
3.  DTLS as Transport for STUN  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   3
4.  STUN Usages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
4.1.  NAT Discovery Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
4.1.1.  DTLS Support in STUN URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
4.2.  Connectivity Check Usage  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   4
4.3.  Media Keep-Alive Usage  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
4.4.  SIP Keep-Alive Usage  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
4.5.  NAT Behavior Discovery Usage  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
4.6.  TURN Usage  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   5
4.6.1.  DTLS Support in TURN URIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   6
4.6.2.  Resolution Mechanism for TURN over DTLS . . . . . . .   6
5.  Implementation Status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   7
5.1.  turnuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
5.2.  rfc5766-turn-server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   8
7.1.  S-NAPTR application protocol tag  . . . . . . . . . . . .   9
7.2.  Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number . . . . .   9
7.2.1.  The stuns Service Name  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
7.2.2.  The turns Service Name  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
8.  Acknowledgements  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
9.  References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
9.1.  Normative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  10
9.2.  Informative References  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
Appendix A.  Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  12
Appendix B.  Release notes  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
B.1.  Modifications between petithuguenin-tram-turn-dtls-00 and
petithuguenin-tram-stun-dtls-00 . . . . . . . . . . . . .  13
STUN [RFC5389] defines Transport Layer Security (TLS) over TCP
(simply referred to as TLS [RFC5246]) as the transport for STUN due
to additional security advantages it offers over plain UDP or TCP
transport.  But TLS-over-TCP is not an optimal transport when STUN is
used for its originally intended purpose, which is to support
multimedia sessions.  This sub-optimality primarily stems from the
added latency incurred by the TCP-based head-of-line (HOL) blocking
problem coupled with additional TLS buffering (for integrity checks).
This is a well documented and understood transport limitation for
secure real-time communications.
TLS-over-UDP (referred to as DTLS [RFC6347]) offers the same security
advantages as TLS-over-TCP, but without the undesirable latency
concerns.
2.  Terminology
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL"
in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119] when
they appear in ALL CAPS.  When these words are not in ALL CAPS (such
as "must" or "Must"), they have their usual English meanings, and are
not to be interpreted as RFC 2119 key words.
3.  DTLS as Transport for STUN
STUN [RFC5389] defines three transports: UDP, TCP, and TLS.  This
document adds DTLS as a valid transport for STUN.
STUN over DTLS MUST use the same retransmission rules as STUN over
UDP (as described in Section 7.2.1 of [RFC5389]).  It MUST also use
the same rules that are described in Section 7.2.2 of [RFC5389] to
verify the server identity.  STUN over DTLS MUST, at a minimum,
support TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 [[TODO: What is the
recommendation these days?]].  The same rules established in
Section 7.2.2 of [RFC5389] for keeping open and closing TCP/TLS
connections MUST be used as well for DTLS associations.
In addition to the path MTU rules described in Section 7.1 of
[RFC5389], if the path MTU is unknown, the actual STUN message needs
to be adjusted to take into account the size of the (13-byte) DTLS
Record header, the MAC size, the padding size and the eventual
compression applied to the payload.
By default, STUN over DTLS MUST use port 5349, the same port as STUN
over TLS.  However, the SRV procedures can be implemented to use a
different port (as described in Section 9 of [RFC5389]).  When using
SRV records, the service name MUST be set to "stuns" and the
application name to "udp".
Classic STUN [RFC3489] defines only UDP as a transport and DTLS MUST
NOT be used.  Any STUN request or indication without the magic cookie
over DTLS MUST always result in an error.  [[TODO: Note that it is a
departure from RFC 5389, which does not explicitly state what to do
in that case.  Are we OK with this?]]
4.  STUN Usages
[RFC5389] Section 7.2 states that STUN usages must specify which
transport protocol is used.  The following sections discuss if and
how the existing STUN usages are used with DTLS as the transport.
Future STUN usages MUST take into account DTLS as a transport and
discuss its applicability.  [[TODO: Note that Section 14 of RFC 5389
ommitted to say that transport applicability MUST be discussed.  Is
this a reasonable addition?]].
4.1.  NAT Discovery Usage
As stated by Section 13 of [RFC5389], "...TLS provides minimal
security benefits..." for this particular STUN usage.  DTLS will also
similarly offer only limited benefit.  This is because the only
mandatory attribute that is TLS/DTLS protected is the XOR-MAPPED-
ADDRESS, which is already known by an on-path attacker, since it is
the same as the source address and port of the STUN request.  On the
other hand, using TLS/DTLS will prevent an active attacker to inject
XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS in responses.  The TLS/DTLS transport will also
protect the SOFTWARE attribute, which can be used to find
vulnerabilities in STUN implementations.
Regardless, this usage is rarely used by itself, since TURN [RFC5766]
is generally mandatory to use with ICE [RFC5245], and TURN provides
the same NAT Discovery feature as part of an Allocation creation.  In
fact, with ICE, the NAT Discovery usage is only used when there is no
longer any resource available for new Allocations in the TURN server.
4.1.1.  DTLS Support in STUN URIs
This document does not make any changes to the syntax of a STUN URI
[RFC7064].  As indicated in Section 3.2 of [RFC7064], secure
transports like STUN over TLS, and now STUN over DTLS, MUST use the
"stuns" URI scheme.
The <host> value MUST be used when using the rules in Section 7.2.2
of [RFC5389] to verify the server identity.  [[TODO: What happens if
an IP address is used in the URI?  Should we forbid that?]]
4.2.  Connectivity Check Usage
Using DTLS would hide the USERNAME, PRIORITY, USE-CANDIDATE, ICE-
CONTROLLED and ICE-CONTROLLING attributes.  But because MESSAGE-
INTEGRITY protects the entire STUN response using a password that is
known only by looking at the SDP exchanged, it is not possible for an
attacker to inject an incorrect XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS, which would
subsequently be used as a peer reflexive candidate.
Adding DTLS on top of the connectivity check would delay, and
consequently impair, the ICE process.  There is, in fact, a proposal
([I-D.thomson-rtcweb-ice-dtls]) to use the DTLS handshake used by the
WebRTC SRTP streams as a replacement for the connectivity checks,
proving that adding additional round-trips to ICE is undesirable.
This usage MUST NOT be used with a STUN URI.
4.3.  Media Keep-Alive Usage
The media keep-alive (described in Section 20 of [RFC5245]) runs
inside an RTP or RTCP session, so it is already protected if the RTP
or RTCP session is also protected (i.e., SRTP/SRTCP).  Adding DTLS
inside the SRTP/SRTCP session would add overhead, with minimal
security benefit.
4.4.  SIP Keep-Alive Usage
The SIP keep-alive (described in [RFC5626]) runs inside a SIP flow.
This flow would be protected if a SIP over DTLS transport mechanism
is implemented (such as described in [I-D.jennings-sip-dtls]).
4.5.  NAT Behavior Discovery Usage
The NAT Behavior Discovery usage is Experimental and to date has
never being effectively deployed.  Despite this, using DTLS would add
the same security properties as for the NAT Discovery Usage
(Section 4.1).
The STUN URI can be used to access the NAT Discovery feature of a NAT
Behavior Discovery server, but accessing the full features would
require definition of a "stun-behaviors:" URI, which is out of scope
for this document.
4.6.  TURN Usage
TURN [RFC5766] defines three combinations of transports/allocations:
UDP/UDP, TCP/UDP and TLS/UDP.  This document adds DTLS/UDP as a valid
combination.  A TURN server using DTLS MUST implement the denial-of-
service counter-measure described in Section 4.2.1 of [RFC6347].
[RFC6062] states that TCP allocations cannot be obtained using a UDP
association between client and server.  The fact that DTLS uses UDP
implies that TCP allocations MUST NOT be obtained using a DTLS
association between client and server.
By default, TURN over DTLS uses port 5349, the same port as TURN over
TLS.  However, the SRV procedures can be implemented to use a
different port (as described in Section 6 of [RFC5766].  When using
SRV records, the service name MUST be set to "turns" and the
4.6.1.  DTLS Support in TURN URIs
This document does not make any changes to the syntax of a TURN URI
[RFC7065].  As indicated in Section 3 of [RFC7065], secure transports
like TURN over TLS, and now TURN over DTLS, MUST use the "turns" URI
scheme.  When using the "turns" URI scheme to designate TURN over
DTLS, the transport value of the TURN URI, if set, MUST be "udp".
4.6.2.  Resolution Mechanism for TURN over DTLS
This document defines a new Straightforward Naming Authority Pointer
(S-NAPTR) application protocol tag: "turn.dtls".
The <transport> component, as provisioned or resulting from the
parsing of a TURN URI, is passed without modification to the TURN
resolution mechanism defined in Section 3 of [RFC5928], but with the
following alterations to that algorithm:
o  The acceptable values for transport name are extended with the
addition of "dtls".
o  The acceptable values in the ordered list of supported TURN
transports is extended with the addition of "Datagram Transport
Layer Security (DTLS)".
o  The resolution algorithm ckeck rules list is extended with the
addition of the following step:
If <secure> is true and <transport> is defined as "udp" but the
list of TURN transports supported by the application does not
contain DTLS, then the resolution MUST stop with an error.
o  The 5th rule of the resolution algorithm check rules list is
modified to read like this:
If <secure> is true and <transport> is not defined but the list
of TURN transports supported by the application does not
contain TLS or DTLS, then the resolution MUST stop with an
o  Table 1 is modified to add the following line:
+----------+-------------+----------------+
| <secure> | <transport> | TURN Transport |
| true     | "udp"       | DTLS           |
o  In step 1 of the resolution algorithm the default port for DTLS is
o  In step 4 of the resolution algorithm the following is added to
the list of conversions between the filtered list of TURN
transports supported by the application and application protocol
"turn.dtls" is used if the TURN transport is DTLS.
Note that using the [RFC5928] resolution mechanism does not imply
that additional round trips to the DNS server will be needed (e.g.,
the TURN client will start immediately if the TURN URI contains an IP
address).
5.  Implementation Status
[[Note to RFC Editor: Please remove this section and the reference to
[RFC6982] before publication.]]
This section records the status of known implementations of the
protocol defined by this specification at the time of posting of this
Internet-Draft, and is based on a proposal described in [RFC6982].
The description of implementations in this section is intended to
assist the IETF in its decision processes in progressing drafts to
RFCs.  Please note that the listing of any individual implementation
here does not imply endorsement by the IETF.  Furthermore, no effort
has been spent to verify the information presented here that was
supplied by IETF contributors.  This is not intended as, and must not
be construed to be, a catalog of available implementations or their
features.  Readers are advised to note that other implementations may
According to [RFC6982], "this will allow reviewers and working groups
to assign due consideration to documents that have the benefit of
running code, which may serve as evidence of valuable experimentation
and feedback that have made the implemented protocols more mature.
It is up to the individual working groups to use this information as
they see fit".
5.1.  turnuri
Organization:   Impedance Mismatch
Name:   turnuri 0.5.0 http://debian.implementers.org/stable/source/
turnuri.tar.gz
Description:   A reference implementation of the URI and resolution
mechanism defined in this document, RFC 7065 [RFC7065] and RFC
5928 [RFC5928].
Level of maturity:   Beta.
Coverage:   Fully implements the URIs and resolution mechanism
defined in this specification, in RFC 7065 and in RFC 5928.
Licensing:   AGPL3
Implementation experience:   TBD
Contact:   Marc Petit-Huguenin <marc@petit-huguenin.org>.
5.2.  rfc5766-turn-server
Organization:   This is a public project, the full list of authors
and contributors here: http://turnserver.open-sys.org/downloads/
AUTHORS.
Name:   http://code.google.com/p/rfc5766-turn-server/
Description:   A mature open-source TURN server specs implementation
(RFC 5766, RFC 6062, RFC 6156, etc) designed for high-performance
applications, especially geared for WebRTC.
Level of maturity:   Production level.
Coverage:   Fully implements DTLS with TURN protocol.
Licensing:   BSD: http://turnserver.open-sys.org/downloads/LICENSE
Implementation experience:   DTLS is recommended for secure media
applications.  It has benefits of both UDP and TLS.
Contact:   Oleg Moskalenko <mom040267@gmail.com>
STUN over DTLS as a STUN transport does not introduce any specific
security considerations beyond those for STUN over TLS detailed in
The usage of "udp" as a transport parameter with the "stuns" URI
scheme does not introduce any specific security issues beyond those
discussed in [RFC7064].
TURN over DTLS as a TURN transport does not introduce any specific
security considerations beyond those for TURN over TLS detailed in
The usage of "udp" as a transport parameter with the "turns" URI
The new S-NAPTR application protocol tag defined in this document as
well as the modifications this document makes to the TURN resolution
mechanism described in [RFC5928] do not introduce any additional
security considerations beyond those outlined in [RFC5928].
7.1.  S-NAPTR application protocol tag
This specification contains the registration information for one
S-NAPTR application protocol tag (in accordance with [RFC3958]).
Application Protocol Tag:   turn.dtls
Intended Usage:   See Section 4.6.2
Interoperability considerations:   N/A
Security considerations:   See Section 6
Relevant publications:   This document
Contact information:   Marc Petit-Huguenin
Author/Change controller:   The IESG
7.2.  Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number
This specification contains the registration information for two
Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Numbers (in accordance with
[RFC6335]).
7.2.1.  The stuns Service Name
Service Name:   stuns
Transport Protocol(s):   UDP
Assignee:   IESG
Contact:   Marc Petit-Huguenin
Description:   STUN over DTLS
Reference:   This document
Port Number:   5349
7.2.2.  The turns Service Name
Service Name:   turns
Description:   TURN over DTLS
Thanks to Alan Johnston, Oleg Moskalenko, and Simon Perreault for the
comments, suggestions, and questions that helped improve this
Requirement Levels", BCP 14, RFC 2119, March 1997.
Petit-Huguenin & SalgueirExpires August 15, 2014               [Page 10]
[RFC3489]  Rosenberg, J., Weinberger, J., Huitema, C., and R. Mahy,
"STUN - Simple Traversal of User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
Through Network Address Translators (NATs)", RFC 3489,
[RFC3958]  Daigle, L. and A. Newton, "Domain-Based Application
Service Location Using SRV RRs and the Dynamic Delegation
Discovery Service (DDDS)", RFC 3958, January 2005.
[RFC5245]  Rosenberg, J., "Interactive Connectivity Establishment
(ICE): A Protocol for Network Address Translator (NAT)
Traversal for Offer/Answer Protocols", RFC 5245, April
[RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.
[RFC5389]  Rosenberg, J., Mahy, R., Matthews, P., and D. Wing,
"Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)", RFC 5389,
October 2008.
[RFC5626]  Jennings, C., Mahy, R., and F. Audet, "Managing Client-
Initiated Connections in the Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP)", RFC 5626, October 2009.
[RFC5766]  Mahy, R., Matthews, P., and J. Rosenberg, "Traversal Using
Relays around NAT (TURN): Relay Extensions to Session
Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)", RFC 5766, April 2010.
[RFC5928]  Petit-Huguenin, M., "Traversal Using Relays around NAT
(TURN) Resolution Mechanism", RFC 5928, August 2010.
[RFC6062]  Perreault, S. and J. Rosenberg, "Traversal Using Relays
around NAT (TURN) Extensions for TCP Allocations", RFC
6062, November 2010.
[RFC6335]  Cotton, M., Eggert, L., Touch, J., Westerlund, M., and S.
Cheshire, "Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Procedures for the Management of the Service Name and
Transport Protocol Port Number Registry", BCP 165, RFC
6335, August 2011.
[RFC6347]  Rescorla, E. and N. Modadugu, "Datagram Transport Layer
Security Version 1.2", RFC 6347, January 2012.
[RFC7064]  Nandakumar, S., Salgueiro, G., Jones, P., and M. Petit-
Huguenin, "URI Scheme for the Session Traversal Utilities
for NAT (STUN) Protocol", RFC 7064, November 2013.
[RFC7065]  Petit-Huguenin, M., Nandakumar, S., Salgueiro, G., and P.
Jones, "Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) Uniform
Resource Identifiers", RFC 7065, November 2013.
[RFC6982]  Sheffer, Y. and A. Farrel, "Improving Awareness of Running
Code: The Implementation Status Section", RFC 6982, July
[I-D.thomson-rtcweb-ice-dtls]
Thomson, M., "Using Datagram Transport Layer Security
(DTLS) For Interactivity Connectivity Establishment (ICE)
Connectivity Checking: ICE-DTLS", draft-thomson-rtcweb-
ice-dtls-00 (work in progress), March 2012.
[I-D.jennings-sip-dtls]
Jennings, C. and N. Modadugu, "Using Interactive
Connectivity Establishment (ICE) in Web Real-Time
Communications (WebRTC)", draft-jennings-sip-dtls-05 (work
in progress), October 2007.
Appendix A.  Examples
Table 1 shows how the <secure>, <port> and <transport> components are
populated for a TURN URI that uses DTLS as its transport.  For all
these examples, the <host> component is populated with "example.net".
+---------------------------------+----------+--------+-------------+
| URI                             | <secure> | <port> | <transport> |
| turns:example.net?transport=udp | true     |        | DTLS        |
With the DNS RRs in Figure 1 and an ordered TURN transport list of
{DTLS, TLS, TCP, UDP}, the resolution algorithm will convert the TURN
URI "turns:example.net" to the ordered list of IP address, port, and
protocol tuples in Table 2.
example.net.
IN NAPTR 100 10 "" RELAY:turn.udp:turn.dtls "" datagram.example.net.
IN NAPTR 200 10 "" RELAY:turn.tcp:turn.tls "" stream.example.net.
datagram.example.net.
IN NAPTR 100 10 S RELAY:turn.udp "" _turn._udp.example.net.
IN NAPTR 100 10 S RELAY:turn.dtls "" _turns._udp.example.net.
stream.example.net.
IN NAPTR 100 10 S RELAY:turn.tcp "" _turn._tcp.example.net.
IN NAPTR 200 10 A RELAY:turn.tls "" a.example.net.
_turn._udp.example.net.
IN SRV   0 0 3478 a.example.net.
_turn._tcp.example.net.
_turns._udp.example.net.
a.example.net.
IN A     192.0.2.1
+-------+----------+------------+------+
| Order | Protocol | IP address | Port |
| 1     | DTLS     | 192.0.2.1  | 5349 |
| 2     | TLS      | 192.0.2.1  | 5349 |
Appendix B.  Release notes
This section must be removed before publication as an RFC.
petithuguenin-tram-stun-dtls-00
o  Add RFC 6982 information for rfc5766-turn-server project.
o  Rename the draft as TURN is now just one of the usages.
o  Remove the references in the abstract to make idnits happy.
o  No longer updates other standard drafts.
o  Rewrite from a STUN over DTLS point of view.  The previous text
becomes section 4.6.
o  Add IANA request for stuns port.
o  Add acknowledgement section.
Marc Petit-Huguenin
Jive Communications
1275 West 1600 North, Suite 100
Orem, UT  84057
Email: marcph@getjive.com
Gonzalo Salgueiro
7200-12 Kit Creek Road
Research Triangle Park, NC  27709
Email: gsalguei@cisco.com


a 15 mile drive, great service and prices, and ends up right off I-80.
While the truck stop is cleaning up your support vehicle. You can probably catch the shuttle over to The Hacienda or Donna's and they will do a job on the Crew while they wait.
My crew is Nancy, and I don't think she'll be interested in having a job done on her.


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