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Film thickness measurements in falling annular films
padmanaba_anad.pdf (1.022Mb)
Padmanaban, Anand
Liquid films falling under the influence of gravity are widely encountered in a variety of industrial two-phase flow applications (distillation columns, nuclear reactor cores, etc.). In addition, the falling annular film represents a fundamental limiting case of the annular flow regime of two-phase gas-liquid flows. The literature on annular falling films is dominated by studies concerning the average film thickness. Information on more detailed characteristics of the film thickness variations and information on the velocity profile within the film and wall shear stress are much less common. The statistical description of the film thickness is complicated by the fact that practically all flows of interest occur in the turbulent regime. Due to the complex and unsteady nature of the turbulent annular falling film, no complete theories or models have yet been developed on the subject. Experimental studies are needed to gain insight into the basic mechanisms that govern this complex flow.The primary purpose of this thesis research was to characterise the film thickness of falling annular films at high and very high Reynolds numbers using non-intrusive imaging techniques. Another objective was to develop ray-tracing techniques to reduce optical distortion and obtain high-quality experimental data. Instantaneous film thickness measurements of falling annular films were extracted at five different Reynolds numbers in the range Re = 1000 ~ 6000 for the fully developed turbulent regime using an automated optical measurement technique. From visual observation of the images obtained it was found that waves were not axisymmetric, i.e., there was substantial azimuthal variation in film thickness. The turbulent waves appeared to be similar in appearance to very large breaking ocean waves driven by strong winds. The random nature of these falling annular films was subjected to statistical analysis.Statistical characteristics of film thickness were studied at Reynolds numbers in the range Re = 1000 ~ 6000. A correlation for dimensionless mean film thickness was obtained in the turbulent flow regime. The dimensionless mean film thickness obtained here was found to be in reasonable agreement with the other established experimental and theoretical studies. It was shown that the Reynolds number influences the statistical characteristics of film thickness such as standard deviation and coefficient of variation. The additional data obtained here shows that the standard deviation continues to increase in proportion to the mean film thickness in the turbulent regime. In other words, in the lower turbulent zones the films are thin and less wavy, whereas in the higher turbulent zones the films are thicker and extremely wavy in nature.The probability density distributions were also obtained. It was found that the measured probability density distributions were asymmetric. They all had a maximum peak and were skewed to the right hand side with a long tail that stretched to over six times the peak value. The maximum peak could be considered to represent the modal value of the film thickness or the substrate film thickness. The increase in skewness and the decrease in the height of the peak with liquid Reynolds number could be attributed to the presence of large disturbance waves which ride on the substrate film. This enhances the waviness of the film.A common problem in imaging flows in cylindrical tubes is the optical distortion caused by the wall curvature. To minimize this problem the cylindrical tube was surrounded by an optical correction box with flat walls filled with water. In addition, an advanced ray tracing model was employed to reduce optical distortion effects in the cylindrical tube. This technique increased the accuracy of the imaging technique and enabled quantitative measurements of film thickness to be made.
Bugg, James D.
Torvi, David A.; Sumner, David
Falling films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Mid-State Amateur Radio Club offers Volunteer Exam (VE) sessions immediately following monthly club meetings. Testing sessions start at 9:30 am. (Club meetings start at 8 am, you are welcome to come at 8 for the club meeting)!
Remember to bring a government-issued photo ID, a copy of your FCC issued license (if applicable), and original & copies of any previous element credits.


All too often folks go to the range without a plan in mind and end up wasting precious time and ammo. Before making a trip to the range, its important to have at least one goal in mind for what you want to accomplish during your time on the firing line.
In this segment of Personal Defense TV on the Sportsman Channel, champion shooter and USPSA Grand Master Jessie Duff joins us to talk about maximizing range time.


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Le pallasiti, indicate anche con l'abbreviazione PAL, sono un tipo di meteoriti ferro-rocciose composte da cristalli di olivina immersi in una matrice metallica formata da una lega di ferro-nichel. Le pallasiti sono tra le meteoriti esteticamente più belle e apprezzate. I cristalli sono trasparenti e di norma di dimensioni attorno al centimetro.

Storia
Le pallasiti prendono il nome dal naturalista tedesco Peter Simon Pallas, che scoprì nel 1772 il primo esemplare di questo tipo di meteorite in Siberia vicino a Krasnojarsk: il meteorite Krasnojarsk. Pesava alla scoperta 680 kg. La descrizione fatta da Pallas nel 1776 fu usata da E.F.F. Chladni nel 1790 come uno degli esempi per dimostrare l'esistenza delle meteoriti: fino a quel momento le testimonianze di cadute delle pietre dal cielo erano considerate affidabili. Usarlo come prova fu possibile grazie al fatto che era costituito da materiale diverso dalle rocce e minerali presenti nella zona di ritrovamento, le dimensioni rendevano improponibile la possibilità che vi fosse stato portato da eventi geologici o dagli uomini e il contenuto in metallo nativo era simile ad altre masse ritrovate in altre aree della Terra.

Composizione e struttura

L'aspetto delle pallasiti è molto diverso da tutti gli altri meteoriti: si tratta sostanzialmente di cristalli trasparenti giallo-verdognoli di olivina affogati in un blocco di metallo.
La quantità di metallo rispetto ai cristalli può variare considerevolmente anche all'interno dello stesso campione. Generalmente i cristalli sono distribuiti abbastanza uniformemente, ma si possono incontrare anche aree policristalline, dette tasche (pockets), dove i cristalli sono in contatto gli uni con gli altri.
Il colore dei cristalli va dal giallo (più comune) al giallo-verde dell'olivina (meno comune) e le dimensioni variano da pochi millimetri fino a poco più di un centimetro e mezzo. Le forme dei cristalli possono essere tondeggianti (come in Brenham) o più squadrate (come in Brahin). Spesso i cristalli appaiono molto fratturati.

Se la matrice metallica è sufficientemente spessa, nel metallo si possono osservare le figure di Widmanstätten (ottaedrite media). Come minerali accessori troviamo troilite, schreibersite e cromite.

Origine
In passato si riteneva che le pallasiti si fossero originate nella zona di transizione tra il mantello e il nucleo metallico di grandi asteroidi differenziati, frantumati successivamente da collisioni con altri asteroidi; una teoria più recente ipotizza invece la loro formazione a seguito di impatti tra asteroidi di origine diversa, originatisi gli uni dal mantello litoide, gli altri dal nucleo metallico di grandi asteroidi differenziati.

Statistiche
Le pallasiti sono un tipo di meteorite raro: sono conosciuti ad oggi solo 61 esemplari, inclusi 10 ritrovati in Antartide. Anche se sono rare, molto materiale reperito nei grandi ritrovamenti è disponibile per la ricerca scientifica nei musei e nelle collezioni di meteoriti, alcuni dei quali anche di oltre una tonnellata.

Classificazione e sottogruppi
Le pallasiti, principalmente in base alla composizione isotopica dell'ossigeno contenuto nelle olivine, si suddividono in tre gruppi:
 Gruppo principale (MG) è il più numeroso. Una volta incisa, la matrice metallica presenta figure di Widmanstätten tipiche delle ottaedriti medie e la composizione isotopica correla queste pallasiti al gruppo IIIAB delle meteoriti ferrose, con le quali molto probabilmente condividono il corpo progenitore. Come minerali accessori troviamo troilite, schreibersite e cromite.
 Gruppo Eagle Station (ES) conta solamente 3 membri e prende il nome dalla pallasite Eagle Station scoperta nel 1880 in Kentucky, che fu riconosciuta per prima come appartenente ad un gruppo a sé stante. Gli altri due sono Cold Bay (meteorite) e Itzawisis (meteorite). I cristalli di olivina sono particolarmente frammentati ed estremamente ricchi di ferro. La matrice metallica invece presenta elevati livelli di nichel, il che correla questo genere di pallasiti con le meteoriti ferrose del gruppo IIF, con le quali probabilmente condividono il corpo progenitore. Sono le pallasiti con la più alta concentrazione di fayalite; esistono inoltre legami a livello di composizione isotopica con le condriti carbonacee CV/CO.
 Gruppo Pirossene (PX) prende il nome dall'alto contenuto in volume (circa 5%) di ortopirossene. Questo gruppo conta due sole pallasiti: Vermillion e Yamato 8451. La matrice metallica incisa presenta figure di Widmanstätten tipiche di un'ottaedrite fine, anziché media come il gruppo MG. Anche le analisi isotopiche dimostrano che si tratta di oggetti provenienti da un diverso corpo progenitore.

Pallasiti viste cadere
Sono state viste cadere solo 4 pallasiti, qui elencate in ordine cronologico di caduta:

Mineo, Italia, 3 maggio 1826. Fu osservata una luminosa meteora e un oggetto cadere con un sordo rumore. Ne sono conservati in collezioni solo 42 g.
Zaisho, Giappone, 1º febbraio 1898. Dopo l'apparizione di un bolide furono trovati 330 g.
Marjalahti, Carelia, Russia (all'epoca Finlandia). Nel giugno 1902, dopo l'apparizione di un brillante bolide accompagnato da detonazioni, fu visto cadere un grande oggetto; furono recuperati 45 kg di materiale. La maggior parte della meteorite è oggi al Museo geologico dell'Università di Helsinki.
Omolon, regione di Magadan, Russia, 16 maggio 1981. La caduta fu osservata da un allevatore e da una stazione meteorologica; due anni dopo furono recuperati 250 kg di materiale.

Pallasiti trovate

Queste sono alcune delle pallasiti più famose:

Krasnojarsk, regione di Enisejsk, Russia. Un frammento di 680 kg fu scoperto nel 1749 circa 250 km a sud di Krasnojarsk. Nel 1772 attirò l'attenzione di P.S. Pallas e in seguito venne trasportato a Krasnojarsk. La parte principale, del peso di 515 kg, è oggi all'Accademia delle Scienze a Mosca. Curiosamente una pallasite di 198 kg è stata scoperta nel 1990 vicino alla città di Pallasovka, chiamata così in onore di P.S. Pallas, che nel XVIII secolo studiò la geografia di quell'area durante i suoi viaggi.
Brenham, Kansas, USA. Nel 1890 furono ritrovati una ventina di frammenti per un peso totale di circa 1000 kg nell'area del cratere meteorico Haviland; in seguito furono rinvenuti altri frammenti, tra i quali uno di 454 kg trovato alla profondità di circa 1,5 metri, che portarono il peso totale del materiale recuperato a circa 4,3 tonnellate. Un frammento di 487 kg è attualmente al Museo di storia naturale di Chicago. Nel 2005 Steve Arnold e Phil Mani scoprirono un grande frammento di 650 kg e nel 2006 vari altri grandi frammenti.
Huckitta, Territorio del Nord, Australia. Nel 1924 ad Alice Spring fu scoperto un frammento di 1 kg che vi era stato portato. Un frammento di 1400 kg fu trovato nel 1937.
Fukang, Provincia di Xinjiang, Cina. Una massa di 1003 kg è stata scoperta nel 2000.
Imilac, deserto di Atacama, Cile. Caduta conosciuta fin dal 1822; sono stati scoperti numerosi frammenti pesanti fino a 200 kg per un totale di circa 920 kg.
Brahin, regione di Homel', Bielorussia. Caduta conosciuta fin dal 1810; sono stati trovati molti frammenti per un totale di circa 820 kg, un ulteriore frammento del peso di 227 kg è stato rinvenuto nel 2002 a una profondità di circa 3 metri.
Esquel, Chubut, Argentina. Un frammento di 755 kg fu ritrovato interrato nel suolo prima del 1951. Il meteorite è stato comprato e portato negli Stati Uniti nel 1992 dal collezionista americano Robert Haag.

Curiosità
Nel film Superman Returns il campione di kryptonite rubato da Lex Luthor dal Metropolis Natural History Museum era etichettato come pallasite. È probabilmente dovuto al fatto che le pallasiti contengono cristalli che ricordano vagamente i cristalli di kryptonite del film.

Note

Voci correlate
Meteorite ferro-roccioso
Mesosiderite
Olivina

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Tipi di meteoriti
 Pallasiti

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Senate confirms O'Donnell as EPA's inspector general
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Santo Banerjee, M K Hassan, Sayan Mukherjee, A Gowrisankar
Most books on fractals focus on deterministic fractals as the impact of incorporating randomness and time is almost absent. Further, most review fractals without explaining what scaling and self-similarity means. This book introduces the idea of scaling, self-similarity, scale-invariance and their role in the dimensional analysis. For the first time, fractals emphasizing mostly on stochastic fractal, and multifractals which evolves with time instead of scale-free self-similarity, are discussed. Moreover, it looks at power laws and dynamic scaling laws in some detail and provides an overview of modern statistical tools for calculating fractal dimension and multifractal spectrum.
All Sides to an Oval - Properties, Parameters and Borromini's Mysterious Construction (Hardcover, 2nd ed. 2019)
Angelo Alessandro Mazzotti
This is the second edition of the only book dedicated to the Geometry of Polycentric Ovals. It includes problem solving constructions and mathematical formulas. For anyone interested in drawing or recognizing an oval, this book gives all the necessary construction, representation and calculation tools. More than 30 basic construction problems are solved, with references to Geogebra animation videos, plus the solution to the Frame Problem and solutions to the Stadium Problem. A chapter (co-written with Margherita Caputo) is dedicated to totally new hypotheses on the project of Borromini's oval dome of the church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome. Another one presents the case study of the Colosseum as an example of ovals with eight centres as well as the case study of Perronet's Neuilly bridge, a half oval with eleven centres. The primary audience is: architects, graphic designers, industrial designers, architecture historians, civil engineers; moreover, the systematic way in which the book is organised could make it a companion to a textbook on descriptive geometry or on CAD. Added features in the 2nd edition include: the revised hypothesis on Borromini's project for the dome of the church of San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome, an insight into the problem of finding a single equation to represent a four-centre oval, a suggestion for a representation of a four-centre oval using Geogebra, formulas for parameters of ovals with more than 4 centres and the case study of the eleven-centre half-oval arch used to build the XVIII century Neuilly bridge in Paris.
Differential Geometry of Manifolds (Hardcover, 2nd New edition)
Stephen Lovett
Differential Geometry of Manifolds, Second Edition presents the extension of differential geometry from curves and surfaces to manifolds in general. The book provides a broad introduction to the field of differentiable and Riemannian manifolds, tying together classical and modern formulations. It introduces manifolds in a both streamlined and mathematically rigorous way while keeping a view toward applications, particularly in physics. The author takes a practical approach, containing extensive exercises and focusing on applications, including the Hamiltonian formulations of mechanics, electromagnetism, string theory. The Second Edition of this successful textbook offers several notable points of revision. New to the Second Edition: New problems have been added and the level of challenge has been changed to the exercises Each section corresponds to a 60-minute lecture period, making it more user-friendly for lecturers Includes new sections which provide more comprehensive coverage of topics Features a new chapter on Multilinear Algebra
The Joy of Geometry (Paperback)
Alfred S. Posamentier
A veteran math educator reveals the hidden fascinations of geometry and why this staple of math education is important. If you remember anything about high school geometry class, it's probably doing proofs. But geometry is more than axioms, postulates, theorems, and proofs. It's the science of beautiful and extraordinary geometric relationships--most of which is lost in high school classrooms where the focus is on the rigor of logically proving those relationships. This book will awaken readers to the appeal of geometry by placing the focus squarely on geometry's visually compelling features and intrinsic elegance. Who knew that straight lines, circles, and area could be so interesting? Not to mention optical illusions. So get out the rulers, compasses, or even a software program, and discover geometry for the first time.
Integrability, Quantization, and Geometry - I. Integrable Systems (Paperback)
Integrability, Quantization, and Geometry - The Set (Parts I and II) (Paperback)
This two-volume set containts parts I and II. Each volume is a collection of articles written in memory of Boris Dubrovin (1950-2019). The authors express their admiration for his remarkable personality and for the contributions he made to mathematical physics. For many of the authors, Dubrovin was a friend, colleague, inspiring mentor, and teacher. The contributions are split into two parts: ``Integrable Systems'' and ``Quantum Theories and Algebraic Geometry'', reflecting the areas of main scientific interests of Dubrovin. Chronologically, these interests may be divided into several parts: integrable systems, integrable systems of hydrodynamic type, WDVV equations (Frobenius manifolds), isomonodromy equations (flat connections), and quantum cohomology. The articles included in the first part are more or less directly devoted to these areas (primarily with the first three listed above). The second part contains articles on quantum theories and algebraic geometry and is less directly connected with Dubrovin's early interests.
Foundations of Geometric Cognition (Paperback)
Gesammelte Abhandlungen - Collected Papers II 2014 - 1963 - 1987 (English, German, Paperback, Reprint of the 1987 edition)
Friedrich Hirzebruch
Friedrich Hirzebruch (1927 -2012) was a German mathematician, working in the fields of topology, complex manifolds and algebraic geometry, and a leading figure of his generation. Hirzebruch's first great mathematical achievement was the proof, in 1954, of the generalization of the classical Riemann-Roch theorem to higher dimensional complex manifolds, now known as the Hirzebruch-Riemann-Roch theorem. This used the new techniques of sheaf cohomology and was one of the centerpieces of the explosion of new results in geometry and topology during the 1950s. Further generalization of this led to the Grothendieck-Riemann-Roch theorem, and the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. He received many awards and honors, including the Wolf prize in 1988, the Lobachevsky prize in 1990, and fifteen honorary doctorates. These two volumes collect the majority of his research papers, which cover a variety of topics.
In zwei Banden sind fast alle Veroffentlichungen enthalten, die F. Hirzebruch verfasst hat."
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Home » post » Safeguarding for youth activism: Taking a feminist approach
Safeguarding for youth activism: Taking a feminist approach
The practice of safeguarding children and young people is crucial for civil society organisations working with them but currently it comes at a price. Too often, it impedes children's ability to learn how to cope with risk, is disempowering and does not recognise children's agency. Helen Veitch, co-founder and Director of Children Unite and Saadat Baigazieva, Senior Program Officer and Safeguarding Lead at FRIDA | The Young Feminist Fund, show that it is time to change and acknowledge that safeguarding can and should incorporate children's agency and empowerment.
Black Lives Matter, the COVID-19 pandemic and the climate crisis have highlighted the increasing role young people are taking in activism across the globe. Particularly, young feminist organisers who continue to push for radical changes towards self-representation and self-determination in decision-making spaces. But ironically, on issues relating to children and young people, youth-led advocacy is either hidden, or, in the case of the child protection sector, is largely missing. Why? The most frequent reasons cited are safeguarding and ethical concerns – particularly for marginalised and exploited groups of children.
When we look at the practice of safeguarding, it is based on Western concepts of childhood that tend to box children into the spheres of family or school. But there is another way: feminist safeguarding, which incorporates children and young people's agency and accounts for their activism in assessing and managing the risks they are facing.
Is child safeguarding fit for purpose?
Organisations that support the empowerment of exploited or marginalised children often fear that if they involve children who have lived experiences of trauma, they will be retraumatised and further harmed. This is particularly the case for young people undertaking advocacy or social action campaigns in the public domain. But rather than protecting children, this concern frequently translates into inaction and consequently, acts as a significant obstacle to their self-representation, engagement and empowerment, making safeguarding 'not fit' for this particular purpose. Ultimately safeguarding practice reflects the long-debated tension between protective and participative rights as well as a colonial preoccupation in the Global North of 'saving children'. In Children Unite's work we have found that concerns over safeguarding or ethics, however important, are often the biggest barriers to involving children and young people – who have lived experience of exploitation – in research, advocacy and activism.
Addressing the conundrum
Over the past 18 months, FRIDA | The Young Feminist Fund and Children Unite have been exploring the idea of taking a feminist approach to make FRIDA's child safeguarding policy and practice more participatory, thereby centering healing for survivors. In its policy, FRIDA defines feminist safeguarding as working collaboratively with girls and young women using an approach based on consent, respect and shared responsibility.
Feminist safeguarding enables girls and young women to play a greater role in their own protection. This includes giving them the means to explore and understand how to assess and control risk, ensuring that those who are at the centre of a safeguarding concern – the survivors – are also at the centre of decision-making. As an abolitionist practice, feminist safeguarding also incorporates restorative and healing justice as an opportunity to transform harm.
Feminist safeguarding is still an idea in construction for FRIDA. It came out of a review of girl engagement with staff, board members, girl advisors and girl-led grantee partners – many of whom had experienced safeguarding as patronising and adult-centric that was more focused on protecting organisations than the children themselves.
The notion of 'child safeguarding' originates from Europe and is framed by the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. As a result, it uses Western concepts of childhood and does not generally differentiate between younger children and older youth – mirroring the UN Convention. Nor does it appear to consider the 2016 General Comment on the Rights of the Child in Adolescence, which reflects a growing recognition of the second decade (10-20 years) as a life stage when young people are more active in advocating for their rights and playing a greater role in their own protection.
In terms of safeguarding, it follows that there is an inherent value in adolescents taking more responsibility for their own safety and exploring some risk-taking for themselves during the later stages of childhood. This is important in helping them understand the assessment and control of risks as they transition into adulthood – referred to as 'transitional safeguarding'.
Given this, it is not surprising that young feminists' reflections and exploration of the traditional approach to child safeguarding was ambivalent. This was particularly true for FRIDA girl advisors who have a central role in decision-making at FRIDA in policy, strategy and grantmaking processes; and who, from a series of consultations, identified that the behavioural code of conduct at FRIDA needed to reflect their experience of leadership and agency. Other changes to policy and practice to reflect feminist principles included the involvement of girls and young women in risk assessments and a deeper exploration of consent – regularly holding 'consent conversations' with girls and young women about different areas of activity, including whether the consent of parents should be sought or not. These adaptations recognise that youth activism is a dynamic process where risks can change rapidly. Young people are experts of their own realities who are best placed to identify protection strategies that work for their specific contexts. For young feminists, this may mean, not necessarily placing trust in traditional 'protection' role models such as parents or the police.
What about boys? Expanding the contexts
Taking a feminist approach to safeguarding highlights the power dynamics at play (notably patriarchy) in girls' and young women's lives. Whether feminist safeguarding can work equally well for boys and young men as well as gender non-conforming teenagers, is a question we have just started to explore. Although, from research exploring the sexual exploitation of boys, it is clear that patriarchal norms around masculinity are a significant contributing factor.
Looking at the wider context of youth activism, the REJUVENATE project has been helpful in exploring some of the structural inequalities young people are grappling with. For example, the concept of gerontocracy or the promotion of the connection between physically safe spaces and more abstract ideas of children-friendly spaces in public life – where they can enter into dialogue as equals with adults and decision-makers in the public domain.
What is clear is the world of safeguarding needs to start addressing the reality for young people who are involved in advocacy and activism in the Global South as well as the North; a safeguarding fit for the purpose of youth activism and empowerment.
Safeguarding for youth activism and empowerment
The next step is to test the ideas of feminist safeguarding and safeguarding for youth activism with a wider group of organisations that are practicing participatory advocacy, youth activism and power building approaches with children and young people. Protagonists from the children's rights and child safeguarding fields need to be brought together with youth activists to explore how safeguarding can be 'decolonised' and restorative justice incorporated.
When safeguarding practice is critically re-defined by youth activists themselves, we will be one step closer to children and young people taking the lead in advocating for their rights and engaging in social transformation. Particularly those who have been marginalised as a result of their experiences of exploitation.
Helen Veitch and Saadat Baigazieva
Children Unite
Children Unite is a registered, UK-based charity that promotes participatory approaches to working with exploited children. Since 2010 Children Unite has worked in over 15 countries in Africa, Asia and […]
FRIDA provides young feminist organisers with the resources they need to amplify their voices and bring attention to the social justice issues they care about. FRIDA enables the support, flexibility […]


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Bear Mattress King Bed Frame
So, you're looking for a memory foam mattress that's soft enough to contour your body, firm enough to provide much-needed relief, and cool enough to keep you from overheating? We found one that can deliver all three of those things!
The Bear Original mattress is a popular choice for many sleepers. But if you're not up to speed, it's one of the best-performing all-foam mattresses making waves on the bed market. This mattress is also one of the best-valued, as it offers many convenient and comfortable features in one product.
The Bear Original Overview Bear Mattress King Bed Frame
The Bear Original mattress is an all-foam mattress designed to provide all-around relief and comfort to those with active lifestyles. It is a vital mattress with important properties such as the gel-infused memory foam top layer that cushions the body's pressure points and keeps it relaxed. It not only makes the sleeper feel comfortable but also has Bear's open-cell response properties that increase airflow throughout it. The state-of-the-art Celliant fabric covers the mattress, making it powerful enough to prevent the body from overheating.
Who are the best users of Bear Original?
For those who want an all-foam mattress at an affordable price
We use a scale of 1-10 to rank mattresses. One is super soft, five are medium and ten are extremely firm. We can confidently state that the Bear Original's comfort level is medium to firm based on what we discovered while testing it. 7, to be exact.
The Bear company has advertised its namesake mattress to be medium-firm, so at least they were accurate in providing that information. The overall construction is still sturdy and stable despite the fact that memory foam has been praised for its ability to sink into the body. Bear Original features a thick layer high-density foam as the foundation. This material is solid and not as flexible as spring coils.
Placing that material under the memory foam gives this mattress more positives. Although the top layer is flexible enough to mold the body of the sleeper, it's countered with a firmer foundation beneath, creating what appears like a perfect balance. We have had plenty of issues when testing on memory foam mattresses, but not on this one. The Bear made us feel like we were sleeping 'on' the surface rather than 'into' it.
While we admire its remarkable pain relief capabilities, we should mention that they're only limited to a group of people. Average-weighted people, in particular, may find the Bear mattress to be much more suited to their needs. The experience of heavyweights and light-weights may differ. Some may feel firmer when they lie on their sides while others may feel uncomfortable. Bear Mattress King Bed Frame
Although we cannot guarantee that the Bear Original will have the same cooling properties of an innerspring or hybrid mattress as other mattresses, the three insulation features can be enough to soothe anyone after a long day. They are also sufficient to prevent the couple from becoming too hot – two people can heat up on the mattress faster than one. If you're in a relationship and looking for an affordable all-foam cooling bed, you may want to try the Bear mattress!
The Bear Original is proving to be the best for back support. Lightweight individuals will find enough comfort with this mattress, with a healthy balance of conformity and support to keep them relaxed while laying flat. Those of average weight will appreciate it even more as it gives them the best-optimized care they truly deserve.
The Bear might not be a good choice for heavyweight sleepers. They shouldn't expect the all-foam mattress to conform to their bodies like their lighter- or average-weight counterparts. Sinkage is a common result, especially for those who move frequently. We also noticed on the heatmap that the pressure points were higher then the rest.
Both light- and average-weighted persons feel the same way when sleeping in this position. At first, they may find the Bear to have the appropriate support on the stomach. The mattress is all foam, so sinkage and softness may be inevitable. Heavyweights should not sleep on the Bear with their stomachs flat on the ground. They often feel like they are sinking and have more pressure points than if they were sleeping on their backs. Bear Mattress King Bed Frame
The Bear's feelings on the individual while they sleep on one side or the other is similar to lying flat on their stomachs. Some lightweights may find the surface too firm for their liking, while others may receive the pressure relief they need on the shoulders and hips. Average sleepers, meanwhile, would likely say the same thing.
Regardless of body weight, we found that the Bear Original should work okay with most individuals who usually sleep in a combination of positions. According to our tests, the Bear Original was able to provide comfort and relief for all positions. There is a chance that some people may experience slight difficulty in moving around because the mattress has a layer of memory foam at its top.
The testing doesn't end there. Aside from the main tests, we also analyzed how well the Bear Original performed in terms of other factors, such as motion transfer, ease of movement, and more. For couples wondering if the mattress will serve them benefits, you should check this one out!
Considering the types of foam used, the Bear doesn't conform to the body as much as the softer ones, yet is unable to deliver the floating feeling as the other beds do. For average and light sleepers, the ease of movement is 50/50. Heavy sleepers will most likely have difficulty maneuvering on the surfaces.
Edge support is a measure of how strong the bed's perimeter is in supporting multiple bodies. Strong edge support is good for couples and groups. The Bear was able to maintain adequate stability around its edges, even though it is not as strong than innerspring models.
The Bear is a bed in a box mattress. This means that there will be some off-gassing and compression after you open the packaging. All-foam mattresses are known for their strong and sometimes unpleasant odors. These are caused by volatile organic compound (VOC). Bear Mattress King Bed Frame
Transitional middle layer – Below the memory foam comfort layer is a transitional response foam that's also 2″ thick. Made to be soft and firm at the same time, it helps to keep the body from sinking. You will feel more like you're sleeping on top than the mattress.
Foundation layer – Holding the Bear altogether is a thick high-density support foam. With a height of 6″, it serves as a firm and stable foundation for the sleeper's body to rest on.
All three layers of the Bear Original are wrapped together by a mattress cover made out of Celliant fabric. Celliant fabric is an FDA-approved fiber material that helps speed up recovery time for individuals while they sleep. It also features design elements that improve blood circulation. It is soft to the touch and produces enough airflow to keep the body from overheating. The Bear mattress is marketed as a mattress for athletes, high-energy professionals and others who are active.
Pricing and Available Sizes
Available in all standard sizes, the Bear mattress is a specially-designed bed that you can get at a range of valuable prices. The Bear mattress is not the most budget-friendly, but it's also not very expensive. Here is a full list of sizes and their corresponding prices offered with the Bear Original:
After going through a series of tests, we can confidently say that the Bear Original packs a punch when it comes to delivering comfort, relief, and peace of mind to those who appreciate it. This mattress is a great choice for people who like to sleep on memory foam and want to be able to move quickly. It is designed with recovery in mind and has many features that will appeal to active people who are looking for a mattress they can provide what they need.
It is admirable how it works on most people, but it might not be suitable for heavier sleepers. Many mattresses will have limitations. The Bear Original mattress has a lot of great features and a very affordable price. This is why you should buy it! Bear Mattress King Bed Frame
FAQ Bear Mattress King Bed Frame
Bear's online store bearmattress.com sells the Original mattress. You can also order it in limited sizes from their Amazon store. If you want to test out the Bear mattress for yourself, you may check out their showrooms in any of the following US states/territories where they have locations:
New Jersey (Bernardsville & Hoboken).
Bear does offer free shipping for all its models, including the Bear Original, and it applies to the mainland US states and Canada. Residents in Alaska, Hawai'i, and Puerto Rico will still need to pay additional transportation costs. The Bear mattress comes compressed in a box within 2-7 business days from your first purchase.
The Bear Original mattress is covered by a 120-night risk-free trial period. If in any way you're not satisfied with the mattress's overall performance, you may call Bear's customer service hotline to ask for a full refund and return within the given period. The team will then collect the mattress from you at no cost.
The Bear is covered by a lifetime warranty. This applies only to mattresses purchased from authorized sellers. It covers workmanship and material defects, such as 1.5″-deep indentations and splits and cracks in the foam foundation, as well as some additional terms and conditions. Bear Mattress King Bed Frame


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Sleep Research Society announces 2019 award recipients
The Sleep Research Society (SRS) has selected four outstanding sleep and circadian scientists as recipients of the 2019 Sleep Research Society awards, which recognize excellence in sleep and circadian research.
"The Sleep Research Society awards recognize individuals who have made noteworthy contributions to sleep and circadian science," said SRS President Andrew D. Krystal, MD. "This year we had many impressive nominees. I congratulate each of the award recipients and acknowledge their impact helping the SRS advance sleep and circadian science."
SRS members were invited to nominate colleagues for the awards. The 2019 SRS award recipients, who were selected by the SRS board of directors, are:
Louis Ptáček, MD
Distinguished Scientist Award for significant, original and sustained scientific contributions of a basic, clinical or theoretical nature to the sleep and circadian research field, made over an entire career
Dr. Ptáček is a distinguished professor of neurology at the University of California, San Francisco. Dr. Ptáček's and his colleagues' work has opened a whole new field of human genetics in sleep that has spanned from studies of human subjects/phenotypes and identification of genes/mutations to molecular characterization of functional consequences and in vivo studies. Dr. Ptáček is a pioneer in establishing genetic studies of human sleep behavior. His stature in the field has led to his election to the National Academy of Medicine, the American Association of Arts and Sciences, and the National Academy of Science.
As the SRS Distinguished Scientist Award recipient, Dr. Ptáček also receives the honor of presenting an invited lecture at the SLEEP 2019 annual meeting. He will present the lecture, "Homo sapiens as a model system for circadian rhythm genetics and biology."
Frank A.J.L. Scheer, PhD and Steven A. Shea, PhD
Outstanding Scientific Achievement Award for novel and seminal discoveries of a basic, clinical or theoretical nature that have made a significant impact on the sleep field
In 2009, Drs. Frank A.J.L. Scheer and Steven A. Shea, together with their colleagues, published a landmark paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, "Adverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment." Their work demonstrated that disruption of the alignment between the internal circadian system and the sleep/meal cycle leads to adverse cardiometabolic consequences in humans. This work also sparked many follow-up studies across the world. Their study showed that the mistiming of behaviors has strong and negative effects on cardiometabolic control, raising scientific and clinical interest into circadian misalignment and timing of behavior across the world.
In addition to the value of the publication, Drs. Scheer and Shea are scientists at the forefront of clinically relevant human circadian research, using sophisticated laboratory protocols. Dr. Scheer is director of the Medical Chronobiology Program at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, and Dr. Shea is director and professor at Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences at Oregon Health & Science University, each leading their independent laboratories expanding their work on circadian misalignment and leading the way in studying mechanisms, translation, and therapeutic interventions.
Martica Hall, PhD
Mary A. Carskadon Outstanding Educator Award for excellence in education related to the sleep and circadian research field
Dr. Hall is a professor of psychiatry, psychology, and clinical and translational science at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. She is also co-director of the University of Pittsburgh Center for Sleep and Circadian Science. Since beginning her career in sleep research in the mid-1990s, one of her long-standing passions has been educating researchers outside the field of sleep medicine on the importance of sleep to health and functioning. She has trained a significant number of students and guided them to promising careers in which sleep is a central or secondary focus. Dr. Hall has been the driving force behind the establishment of an entire campus of sleep researchers at the University of Pittsburgh by providing mentorship to numerous students, organizing the weekly Multidisciplinary Sleep Grand Rounds, and developing the (now annual) Sleep Research Day on campus.
The awards will be presented Monday, June 10, during the plenary session of SLEEP 2019, the 33rd annual meeting of the Associated Professional Sleep Societies, LLC (APSS) in San Antonio.
Photos are available upon request. For more information, please contact SRS Coordinator Kaitlan Willis at 630-737-9702, or kwillis@srsnet.org.
About the Sleep Research Society
The Sleep Research Society (SRS) is a professional membership society that advances sleep and circadian science. The SRS provides forums for the exchange of information, establishes and maintains standards of reporting and classifies data in the field of sleep research, and collaborates with other organizations to foster scientific investigation on sleep and its disorders. The SRS also publishes the peer-reviewed, scientific journal SLEEP.
lynn2019-01-10T09:41:24-06:00January 10th, 2019|Society News|
2023 Outstanding Early Investigator Award RFA
SRS website will undergo maintenance Nov. 8 and 9
November 1st, 2022 | 0 Comments
Call for Awards Nominations | Due October 23, 2022
In Memoriam: Barbara Galaty


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