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Everything that you see today was definitely a dream or fantasy yesterday.
Not that we are saying every other fantasy can materialize. A popular political scion (You definitely know who we are talking about) was overheard pitching the fantasy of a machine which would take in Potatoes and give out Gold. Now that is a pot smoked fantasy, which even the most acclaimed alchemist of the erstwhile centuries couldn't have thought of. But, earning real hard Cash-for-Votes is definitely real.
If you haven't heard about it yet, PickTrainer, India's best online tutoring and free competitions platform, will give you real hard Cash if your friends can give you 'Votes' on your photos. PickTrainer is a free online tutoring and social media contest platform designed with the singular motive of helping students, win money online while solving their educational tutoring and skill training needs.
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Dreams and fantasies do materialize and the living breathing proof of the fact is the Electric Bulb that's lighting up your room at this very moment.


Business owners want to protect their employees from hazard. A workers comp policy is required by law but it also provides the right level of protection, specific to your state and industry.
Among the business insurance coverage you should have to give you the best protection in CT, MA, and NJ, workers compensation ranks very high on the list. Whether your state requires it or not, it is a great investment. There are a lot of important elements that allow your business to run smoothly and successful and your employees are definitely one of them. It can protect your employees if they were to suffer from an injury or disease.
This covers all medical care that is reasonably required to cure or relieve effects of injury to injured workers, without a deductible or co-pay.
In the case of a compensate-able work-related death, the decedent's spouse, dependent children, or both spouse and children may be entitled to dependency benefits.
Expenses for rehabilitation are covered by this policy. In the event that the insured is unable to return to work in his or her position, Vocational Rehabilitation is also covered.
This assistance may be entitled to workers who cannot return to their job due to injury and who are permanently disabled. Although it varies by jurisdiction, coverage ranges from assistance with drafting a resume to full payment of time loss while the insured receives two years of training. A set maximum amount is applied toward schooling costs.
Knowing the rules and requirements when it comes to your coverage for your business is crucial in the event that situations like lawsuits and injuries should arise. The right workers compensation policy in Massachusetts, Connecticut or New Jersey can end up saving you a lot of money should you find yourself in one of these situations. As a business owner, you are required to offer this coverage to your employees and not doing so could result in fines for your business.
It can be confusing figuring out just how much coverage you need to have, but our agents are here to help. You might also be interested in general liability insurance which can protect your business with a wide variety of coverage. Ask our agents if this protection is right for you! Our agents can also help you save money. Ask about the Go Paperless discount for your business to save even more.
Request your Workers Compensation quote today!


One sunny day near to Liverpool street, I serediptiously dropped more webs around.
The past year or so has been an adventure in planning the rest of my life. Aside from freaking out, near breakdowns, and, of course, the good times, I've been trying to figure out what to do with myself, what to pursue, what not to, how I want to live and how I will afford to eat.
This year has witnessed big changes and it doesn't look like things will slow down anytime soon. I've graduated, left everything behind and moved countries, and will graduate from grad school soon. I've moved in with my boyfriend into a tiny little room and we're working on getting money together to move. We're working on being happy with each other.
I've always felt that I wanted to be idealistic, because why not? Why be 'realistic' and have no hope of utopia? I've always wanted to pursue what I love and I've always wanted my life to be my job, not the other way around. Life's too short to spend five out of seven days a week miserable. The only question has been what and how.
As part of my degree and, perhaps, despite my degree, I've been writing for theHub, an online magazine. It never occurred to me to write about art before. To reflect on my own insights, coherently form them in words, and share it with others is so satisfying. I do hope I can continue to write and pursue ideas to share. Maybe I have a writing career ahead!
My skills in art are sadly lacking, and I am not pretentious enough to take what I make seriously enough. Also, no matter how good things look they lack an important je ne sais pas if they cannot be used.
Kate on her blog Needled wrote a post about how the repetitious things in life seem to also be the ones that are the most endearing, the most missed when they're gone. I think that when you use things, actually use them to the point of leather shoes conforming to your feet or gloves conforming to your fingers, they become meaningful in a way that just looking cannot achieve.
Kate's wonderful blog and the other amazing knitters that I've been reading about and talking with have really inspired me, as trite as that sounds. It's made it okay to myself that I'm a knitter not as artist per se and it's made me want to combine the two for myself, in my own way.
I'm knitting a chess set and designing my own patterns. I've decided that my career path is knitting and World, you'd better watch out.


text:
Q: Best practices for multi-form applications to show and hide forms? There are tons of questions on StackOverflow asking how to hide Form1 and show Form2. And, usually, a few different answers crop up:
1)
// Program.cs
Application.Run(new Form1());
// Form1.cs
Form2 form2 = new Form2();
form2.Show();
this.Hide();

2)
// Program.cs
Form1 form1 = new Form1();
Form2 form2 = new Form2();
form1.Show();
form2.Show();
Application.Run();

...etc..
I'm not looking for a simple disposable solution like #1. I'm looking for best form management practices. An application with 5-8 forms, opening and closing one another frequently - what's the best way to manage these forms?
My idea was to make each form a (lazy?) Singleton and bury them in a FormsManager class of some sort (like solution #2 but ++). And then individual forms might call something like FormsManager.GetForm<WelcomeDialog>().
But I was wondering what people with more experience used. Again, these solutions shouldn't be quick hacks. They should be design-oriented, maybe architectural, and long-term solutions.
Edits:
This is a pretty generic question (so the requirements are pretty open) for anybody who might have the same trouble. Specific to my situation though, I don't need multiple forms shown at startup. Also, I have no MDI forms. I may have a few modal forms, but they are mostly non-modal.

A: I'm answering in a general manner here.
I don't think a singleton pattern would fit well with form management. Generally, you want to pass some context parameter to the form, and you might want to open multiple instances of the same form. So a singleton doesn't fit well IMO.
I think form management should be simple.
For instance, if you want to display a modal form from another form, I would write something really straightforward:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    using (ModalForm1 frm = new ModalForm1(myParam))
    {
        frm.ShowDialog();

        if (frm.MyResultProperty == ...)
        {
            // Do some job here
        }
    }
}

Of course you could write some interface/generics syntax to avoid a little code duplication in case you want to display a lot of modal forms:
public interface IFormResult<T>
{
    T Result { get; set; }
}

public class ModalForm1 : Form, IFormResult<string>
{
    public ModalForm1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        this.Result = "My result";
    }

    public string Result { get; set; }
}

private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    string res = ShowModalForm<ModalForm1, string>();
}

private static T2 ShowModalForm<T1, T2>()
    where T1 : Form, IFormResult<T2>, new()
{
    using (T1 form = new T1())
    {
        form.ShowDialog();

        return form.Result;
    }
}

But honestly, I feel like it's a bit overingeneered.
Second point: if your form doesn't exactly follows this specific behavior (ShowDialog() then a Result property is set), then you must write another Interface...etc.
If this type of syntax (generics, interfaces...etc.) doesn't reduce the number of lines of code written OR the complexity OR the maintainability (and obviously we can't say it's really the case here), then it's pretty useless IMO.

Edit:
Form management really depends on your use case.

*

*If you have say 20 forms that can be displayed at the same time, then you should think of a FormManager concept (or better: think about how to improve the user experience by reducing the number for possible opened forms)

*If you have something relatively simple (2-3 modeless forms at the same time + 3-4 possible modal forms), I wouldn't write complex code to manage those forms.

Generally, the form that is used to start the application (i.e. the form that stops the program when closed, which is the form that is a parameter of Application.Run()) is responsible of other forms. You have one main form, and multiples child forms. If your case is really different, then there is probably something smarter to write, but it'll depend on your case. I don't think one can provide a general good answer to the general problematic of form management.
Honestly, if you want something really maintainable, try to reduce (as much as possible) the number of forms that can be shown at the same time. Multiple displayed modeless forms at the same time doesn't offer a good user experience in most cases, and form lifetime management can be problematic if forms are dependent on each other.

A: I use this trick. Lets say form1 is the main form:
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
     LoadForm(new Form2());
}

private void LoadForm(Form frm)
{
    frm.FormClosed += new FormClosedEventHandler(frm_FormClosed);
    this.Hide();
    // Here you can set a bunch of properties, apply skins, save logs...
    // before you show any form
    frm.Show();
}

void frm_FormClosed(object sender, FormClosedEventArgs e)
{
    this.Show();
}

Therefore; when you open any form closed (except form1), form1 will reappear again.
Update
using (Form2 frm = new Form2())
{
    if (frm.ShowDialog() = DialogResult.ok)
    {
        //Do some things...
    }
}

In this case there is no need to hide previous form.

A: In anything other than the most straightforward scenario -- a single main form running for the lifetime of the application, with short-lived child forms -- it is recommended to create a class that inherits from ApplicationContext. It isn't that complicated:
class FormManager : ApplicationContext {
    //When each form closes, close the application if no other open forms
    private void onFormClosed(object sender, EventArgs e) {
        if (Application.OpenForms.Count == 0) {
            ExitThread();
        }
    }

    //Any form which might be the last open form in the application should be created with this
    public T CreateForm<T>() where T : Form, new() {
        var ret = new T();
        ret.FormClosed += onFormClosed;
        return ret;
    }

    //I'm using Lazy here, because an exception is thrown if any Forms have been
    //created before calling Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false)
    //in the Program class
    private static Lazy<FormManager> _current = new Lazy<FormManager>();
    public static FormManager Current => _current.Value;

    //Startup forms should be created and shown in the constructor
    public FormManager() {
        var f1 = CreateForm<Form1>();
        f1.Show();
        var f2 = CreateForm<Form2>();
        f2.ShowDialog();
    }
}

and Application.Run in Program.cs can use the static instance of FormManager:
static class Program {
    /// <summary>
    /// The main entry point for the application.
    /// </summary>
    [STAThread]
    static void Main() {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);
        Application.Run(FormManager.Current);
    }
}

During the lifetime of the application, new forms should be created via CreateForm, in order to register the onFormClosed method with the FormClosed event:
var f3 = FormManager.Current.CreateForm<Form3>();
f3.Show();
var f4 = FormManager.Current.CreateForm<Form4>();
f4.ShowDialog();

If you prefer new Form3(); over calls to FormManager.CreateForm, you can create a RegisterForm method on FormManager:
public void RegisterForm(Form frm) {
    frm.FormClosed += onFormClosed;
}

and call RegisterForm on each new Form:
var f3 = new Form3();
FormManager.Current.RegisterForm(f3);
var f4 = new Form4();
FormManager.Current.RegisterForm(f4);

(NB. If all your forms inherit from some base class, then instead of manually calling RegisterForm for each new instance, you could call it in the base class constructor.)

Note that Application.OpenForms only returns those forms that are currently visible. If the application shouldn't exit as long as there are still hidden forms open, then FormManager will have to use some collection to keep track of all the forms. That collection will determine whether to quit the application or not.
class FormManager : ApplicationContext {
    private List<Form> forms = new List<Form>();

    private void onFormClosed(object sender, EventArgs e) {
        forms.Remove((Form)sender);
        if (!forms.Any()) {
            ExitThread();
        }
    }

    public void RegisterForm(Form frm) {
        frm.FormClosed += onFormClosed;
        forms.Add(frm);
    }

    public T CreateForm<T>() where T : Form, new() {
        var ret = new T();
        RegisterForm(ret);
        return ret;
    }

    private static Lazy<FormManager> _current = new Lazy<FormManager>();
    public static FormManager Current => _current.Value;
}

A: Depending on the size of your application, Id say have a look at the Microsoft Enterprise library and specifically the CAB block.
That should give you a good start.

A: public partial class Form1 : Form
{
    private static Form1 inst;
    public static Form1 GetForm
    {
        get
        {
            if (inst == null || inst.IsDisposed)
            {
                inst = new Form1();
            }
            return inst;
        }
    }
    public Form1()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
        inst = this;
    }

    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Form2.GetForm.Show();
        this.Hide();
    }
}

public partial class Form2 : Form
{
    private static Form2 inst;
    public static Form2 GetForm
    {
        get
        {
            if (inst == null || inst.IsDisposed)
                inst = new Form2();
            return inst;
        }
    }
    public Form2()
    {
        InitializeComponent();
    }
    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Form1.GetForm.Show();
        this.Hide();
    }
    private void Form2_FormClosed(object sender, FormClosedEventArgs e)
    {
        Form1.GetForm.Show();
    }
}

if you have more than two form then create another form as From2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
New-York Historical Society librarians reveal fascinating stories from the past through exceptional items in the library's collection.
Collecting History as it Happens: Civil War Soldiers and their Wallpaper Newspapers
October 14, 2020 by Staff Leave a Comment
Natchitoches Union, June 12, 1862. Civil War Newspapers. New -York Historical Society.
How do we document these unusual times? We now read often of museums, historical societies, and libraries scrambling to collect materials that speak particularly of the striking events of this year. It is, fortunately, not a new instinct, as Civil War soldiers shared in it when they collected these unique specimens drawn from a time of crisis. They are newspapers that were printed on, well, anything but newsprint. We summarily call them "Civil War wallpaper newspapers." As war waged in the 1860s, the states of the Confederacy found themselves blockaded by Federal warships, with virtually all the paper mills in the hostile north. The compulsion to publish was still there, and newspaper editors reached for whatever was available at hand, not only bolts of wallpaper, but ledger and tissue paper. Surviving issues suggest that this was particularly a phenomenon in the Gulf States.
The New-York Historical Society has a delightful sampling of these newspapers. Compelling as they are to us, 150 years later, we can only imagine how they struck Union soldiers, exhausted from battle and disease in the swamps, as they victoriously entered a Confederate stronghold and found these examples of determination and desperation. Some hints of their reaction come along with these newspapers.
The Opelousas Courier/Le Courrier des Opelousas [Louisiana] April 22, 1863, verso. Civil War Newspapers. New-York Historical Society.
The Natchitoches Union was imprinted on some brightly colored tissue paper. The inscription at the top of this one, Valery DeBlieux, probably refers to its delivery to Eugene Valery DeBlieux (1820-1896), who would later record the destruction that retreating Federal soldiers inflicted on his home and large Louisiana plantation.1 The issues date from 1862 but were picked up by Union soldiers in 1864. By April 26, the tissue paper curiosities were already being donated to the New-York Historical Society. The donor was probably William Rockwell who also provided us with "5 rebel newspapers" three weeks later. Rockwell, a surgeon in the 18th New York Cavalry participated in this Red River Campaign. It might be worth noting that this patriotic New York physician was 64 years old at the time. We are grateful that he knew what to do with these peculiar newspapers.
A sense of history also inspired Captain John W. McClure, Assistant Quartermaster, Department of the Gulf, when he came across these wallpaper issues of the Opelousas Courier. He inscribed this paper to "Frank Moore, Esq." Moore, a journalist who was already known as a chronicler of the American Revolution, saw history happening first hand and turned his attention to publishing volumes of primary material about the Civil War as it was unfolding. Frank Moore, as it happened, was the brother of George Moore, Librarian of the New-York Historical Society, a mutually beneficial relationship. Frank donated the Opelousas newspapers, one on his behalf and one in Capt. McClure's name, less than two months later, on June 16, 1863, another example of how soldiers wasted little time in delivering these curiosities to historical societies as the war waged.
Collection accession registers, NYHS-RG 15, New-York Historical Society Records 1804-2018, New-York Historical Society.
Our copy of an 1864 Louisiana Democrat of Alexandria, Louisiana appears to be imprinted on some sort of ledger paper. We are less certain of how it came to us, but the Wisconsin soldiers who found it in a disordered newspaper office assumed the newspaper was printed on a Confederate quartermaster's report. They decided to have a go at reissuing it for the Union troops, even sending copies down the Red River for others. The "Rebel part of the paper" remains, containing the Southern editor's, "Goodbye, good people, behave yourselves as we intend to do." It is what the conquering troops called the editor's "farewell address just upon the eve of skedaddling before, 'the wrinkled front of grim visaged war' – or in other words, the d—d YANKS!"
[Vicksburg] The Daily Citizen, July 2, 1863 [amended July 4, 1863] Civil War Newspapers. New-York Historical Society. 86542d.
Far better known among Civil War enthusiasts is the way Federal soldiers edited the wallpaper newspaper they found in Vicksburg, Mississippi. It remains part of the lore of Major General Ulysses S. Grant's great siege of the city, ending appropriately on July 4, 1863. We tell here how the conquering soldiers put their addenda onto the July 2 issue they found in the printer's office and predict that "This is the last wall-paper edition, and is, excepting this note, from the types as we found them. It will be valuable here-after as a curiosity." The Society has multiple copies of this rare "curiosity"—rare in part because it was so intriguing that it was copied over as a souvenir. One of our copies comes with a letter of authenticity from the embedded war correspondent, Edward L. Crapsey (1836-1914), to the aforementioned Librarian George H. Moore. Crapsey wants to make sure the New-York Historical Society has a copy of this "relic" of the late war because, by 1875, "bogus copies could be had almost anywhere in our leading cities." Thank you, Mr. Crapsey!
Edward L. Crapsey to George H. Moore, May 17, 1875. Civil War Newspapers. New-York Historical Society.
Our copy of the Alexandria, Louisiana's Southern Sentinel has this inscription on the wallpaper side, "With the regards of Yours Truly, D.D. Porter." This was no ordinary foot soldier, but rather Rear Admiral David Dixon Porter, who had to pause his ships in Alexandria in the spring of both 1863 and 1864 while waiting for the Red River to rise. In an amusing post-war memoir, he would recall riding unrecognized through the city, where he may have come across the newspapers. Porter had a bit of literary flair, and, while it may not have been his best effort, he also added some of his typical doggerel on the back of the newspaper:
The Southern Sentinel [Alexandria, La.] March 28, 1863, verso, inscription of David Dixon Porter. Civil War Newspapers. New-York Historical Society
'Tis Sign the Rebs are going to the wall
When Paper gets so scarce, they soon must fall.
This post is by Mariam Touba, Reference Librarian for Printed Collections
1Susan E. Dollar, "The Red River Campaign, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana: A Case of Equal Opportunity Destruction," Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association, Vol. 43, No.4 (Autumn, 2002), 425.
Posted in General Tagged civil war, collecting, david dixon porter, frank moore, george moore, john w. mcclure, louisiana democrat, natchitoches union, red river campaign, southern sentinel, vicksburg, wallpaper newspapers
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In Search of George Washington Williams, Historian
Portrait of George Washington Williams from the frontispiece of his History of the Negro Race in America from 1619 to 1880, v. 1, New York, G. P. Putnam's sons 1883, New-York Historical Society
A few months ago I came across an 1862 letter from William Cooper Nell, one of the nation's earliest Black historians, an educator, and abolitionist. In it he discusses work on a second edition of The Colored Patriots of the American Revolution, originally published...Read More
Meaningful Utility: The Handwritten Word During the American Civil War. Part 1 of 2.
This post is by Jonah Estess, Digital Project Intern in the Patricia D. Klingenstein Library. What would we do without the written word? Written communication has been, and still is, our saving grace. The Civil War was the first time that the American military used the telegraph to communicate information across vast distances in wartime, from commanders to officers and vice versa. Since the 1840s, instant messaging had slowly entered the daily lives of people everywhere....Read More
From the Lab: Conservation Treatment of a Civil War Sketchbook, Revisited
This post is by Clare Manias, Enhanced Conservation Work Experience (ECWE) Assistant.
Earlier this year, the New-York Historical Society Conservation Lab treated a sketchbook with drawings by lithographer George John Kerth, a volunteer soldier with the 96th Civilian Corps stationed in Virginia near the end of the Civil War. His sketchbook (N-YHS museum accession number X.433) was filled with pencil drawings of the countryside, townships, including black townships, and of other soldiers and their shenanigans while on his tour...Read More
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Leverage browser caching on Blogger Blogger doesn't have a .htaccess file. How can I cache on Blogger?

A: You must need to know if the Blogger had an automatically controlled platform, for features experts can only detect and use these features.
Like you, I have analysed page speed and found one of the images in your page needs a leveraged browser cache.
Edit the post and check the image size and do like the example below.
If your post / page has one image of
 Size 100 KB 300x300, but on the post you have inserted the image as extra large or too small
instead of the original size.
Now just click on the image in edit post and set it to the original size to update the post.
Now again analyse the page speed you will see the image has vanished and the page speed will improve. You can do this will for every kind of content; just think deeply and discover new ways.

A: You can add this simple code on blogger template, after head
copy this code,
<include expiration='7d' path='*.css'/>
<include expiration='7d' path='*.js'/>
<include expiration='3d' path='*.gif'/>
<include expiration='3d' path='*.jpeg'/>
<include expiration='3d' path='*.jpg'/>
<include expiration='3d' path='*.png'/>


text:
UCHealth Today
Innovative care
Live Colorado
UCHealth Today >
A 94-year-old WWII veteran and his 81-year-old pianist spread music and joy
By: Katie Kerwin McCrimmon, UCHealth
The sounds of singing and old-time piano tunes echo through the hospital atrium, warming up a cold November afternoon, just like the fireplace nearby.
Rex Winters, 81, plays the piano as his buddy, Virgil Hughes, 94, sings along. Both men are veterans, who volunteer regularly at UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital. Photo by UCHealth.
The singer is 94. The pianist is 81. And the onlookers, who join in to hear some tunes and sing along, range in age from their 20s to their 80s.
Virgil Hughes is the 94-year-old. He's a veteran of World War II, who was a rifleman in the Army's 78th Infantry Division and fought in the Battle of the Bulge. Virgil later became an engineer and specialized in disaster relief. He retired as a colonel after 43 years in the service. All his life, he has loved music and sharing it with others.
His pianist, close friend and fellow music aficionado is Rex Winters, 81. Rex is also a veteran, who served during peacetime from 1959 to 1963. The Army trained him as an Arabic linguist and he worked for the National Security Agency. Winters learned to play the piano by ear as a boy and is studying music theory and classical music now. This new chapter comes after earlier careers as a tax lawyer, an electrical engineer and his years with the NSA.
After meeting Virgil through music, Rex learned that his buddy's living situation in a retirement home wasn't going well. So Rex and his wife invited Virgil to move into a small mother-in-law apartment at their Wheat Ridge home. Rex also drives the duo to their many musical gigs now that Virgil is no longer comfortable behind the wheel.
'Everybody should have more music'
Once a week, the men come to UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital where they volunteer almost every Friday afternoon. They play the piano and sing simply because they want to share some joy.
"I sing to get other people to sing along," Virgil said. "Many people are lacking in music. I'm hooked on singing. Everybody should have a little more music in their lives."
Music brings people together. Strangers stop and listen and before long, they're tapping their toes, grinning and singing.
On a recent Friday, a man waiting for a prescription watched with a beatific smile as the men in red volunteer vests played and sang to tunes like Let me call you sweetheart, Just a Song at Twilight and Darktown Strutters' Ball.
"My mom was a flapper," Rex confided. "She taught me all these songs that were popular in the 20s."
'Come and join the party'
Arlonzo Bryant, 54, wandered over.
"Come on and join the party," Rex called out.
Virgil Hughes sings with Arlonzo Bryant, who said he loves singing and enjoyed a break from dealing with an illness. Photo by UCHealth.
"It's amazing and relaxing and comforting," said Bryant as he stepped up to the baby grand piano.
Bryant is also a veteran. He served for more than 20 years in the Air Force and used to jump out of helicopters, he said.
Recently, he's been dealing with an illness that has robbed him of his energy and has caused him to shrink from 220 to 150 pounds. The music gave him a break during a visit to the hospital to pick up medication.
"As I was coming up, walking through the hallways, I heard them singing songs that I know," Bryant said. "I grew up wanting to be a singer.
"I love it. It's refreshing," he said. "I don't like ever feeling weak. In the last year, my health has started to decline and we don't know what it is."
Virgil gets a kick out of making people like Bryant happy.
"I get to see the smiles," he said. "Rex is at a disadvantage because he's at the keyboard and has to keep playing. I get to do the smiling for both of us and the smiles are returned."
From singing to the dulcimer and the hurdy-gurdy
Virgil grew up in a Welsh family, where everyone sang and played instruments around the clock. He remembers getting into trouble back in first grade when he wouldn't stop singing all day at school.
"I feel sorry for my teacher," Virgil said.
He was born in western Kansas to a family of builders, carpenters and tradesmen. When the dust bowl drove farmers out of Kansas, Virgil's family moved to Denver in 1938 to find work. At age 11, he started working as a carpenter's apprentice for his grandfather, then joined the Army at age 18 in 1942.
These days Virgil plays the tuba, drums, saxophone, dulcimer and an unusual instrument called a hurdy-gurdy. He used to build and sell dulcimer kits and collects and repairs old instruments.
After performing, Virgil and Rex head to the hospital cafeteria, where they regale some 20-somethings with stories.
Martin Moe, 28, is a volunteer in the University of Colorado Hospital Emergency Department. He had heard from the volunteer coordinator about Virgil and Rex and wanted to meet them.
"The thought that these older gentlemen are willing to come every week and give something back, I just loved the idea of it," said Moe, who brought two friends with him.
They listened to the music, then to stories afterwards.
'We were drafted and we did our jobs'
The Battle of the Bulge marked a key turning point during WWII.
"It was Hitler's last attempt to break the will of the Allies. And Virgil was there," said Bill Gwaltney, 62, a friend who has been recording hours of interviews with Virgil for an oral history project.
"The Battle of the Bulge ultimately made the downfall of the German Empire inevitable," Gwaltney said.
He recently retired after a long career with the National Park Service and a five-year stint in Europe with the American Battle Monuments Commission, the federal agency that manages WWI and WWII cemeteries in Europe.
Gwaltney said Virgil's stories are remarkable and his memories of key events remain crystal clear.
Virgil often talks about how cold the German winters were. He remembers one time when a new American officer arrived and asked Virgil and his men how they were doing.
"Sir, we're cold," Virgil said. And the officer took his personal wool blanket, cut it into strips and gave the men scarves.
"He never has forgotten that act of caring," Gwaltney said. "He remembers these stories like they were yesterday. He knows exactly when and where they were and he remembers jingles from the 1930s and can sing them. It's like having a personal time machine."
As they did their oral history interviews, Gwaltney learned that Virgil never had seen the WWII Memorial in Washington, D.C. He tried to arrange an honor flight trip for Virgil, but it wasn't working out. So, knowing time was of the essence, Gwaltney and his wife saved their own money and took Virgil to the nation's capital in May. The visit to the WWII monument was a highlight.
Virgil Hughes, 94, was mobbed by admirers when he visited the WWII Memorial in Washington, D.C. over the summer. Photo courtesy of Bill Gwaltney.
"It didn't take long for people to mob him. They get to meet veterans, but not many WW II vets. They asked a lot of questions and some of them cried," Gwaltney said.
Virgil downplays his heroism. When people praise him and fellow WWII vets as "the greatest generation," he gets a little uncomfortable.
"Sometimes people try to make it extra special," Virgil said of his service. "It really wasn't out of patriotism. We were drafted and we did our jobs."
Well, said Gwaltney, "We're sure glad they were there to do their jobs. We asked them to do a difficult job and they did it."
Virgil loved seeing the memorial. He didn't expect it to be so special.
"I thought it would just be another memorial, but I was pleasantly impressed," Virgil said. "It is a big deal. It really did impress me."
WWII memories: both lighter moments and nightmares
One of Virgil's most bizarre stories came from the winter of 1943. He and fellow soldiers were on an overnight patrol when they found a German encampment. The Germans used to set up tents in a circle and put a pot of stew on the fire in the middle. Virgil and his buddies snuck up to the pot after the soldiers had gone to sleep and dumped a powerful laxative called calomel into the stew.
"They were out of business for three days," Rex said with a grin.
Virgil Hughes had never seen the WWII Memorial in Washington, D.C. until this summer when a friend took him. Hughes fought in the pivotal Battle of the Bulge and served a total of 43 years in the military.. Photo courtesy of Bill Gwaltney.
Virgil avoided combat during most of the war. But he did experience some trauma that has haunted him ever since.
"I was leading a little patrol in a village in Aachen, Germany. I sent one of my men to the other side of the road and he got killed," Virgil said.
It was pure chance that Virgil picked one side of the street to patrol and sent his fellow soldier to the other. Nonetheless, he has never been able to get the young man's death out of his head.
"You're on a mission. You can't stop. That was the start of my post-traumatic-stress syndrome. It's bothered me all these years," Virgil said.
He has coped with terrible nightmares for decades.
"They didn't know what to do about it. Medically, we were in the dark ages," Virgil said.
He's gotten some relief through newer treatments in recent years.
Perhaps singing and bringing joy to others have helped too.
A friend who met Virgil through a brass band 20 years ago sometimes comes to hear Virgil and Rex at the hospital. She said he's always giving to others.
"Virgil is always looking for a way to contribute and creating music is one of the ways he does that," said the friend, Margaret Devere.
"Music is good for the mind and good for the spirit. Listening to it is great. Playing is even better. And playing in a group is a transcendent experience," she said.
Both Virgil and Rex nodded in agreement.
In particular, Virgil loves harmonizing with others.
"You're hooked together when you're singing in harmony, like in a barbershop quartet," Hughes said. "If everything is just right, it's a real kick."
Rex Winters UCHealth University of Colorado Hospital Veterans Virgil Hughes Volunteer services
Katie Kerwin McCrimmon, UCHealth
Katie Kerwin McCrimmon is a proud Colorado native. She attended Colorado College, thanks to a merit scholarship from the Boettcher Foundation, and worked as a park ranger in Rocky Mountain National Park during summer breaks from college. She is also a storyteller. She loves getting to know UCHealth patients and providers and sharing their inspiring stories.
Katie spent years working as a journalist at the Rocky Mountain News and was a finalist with a team of reporters for the Pulitzer Prize for their coverage of a deadly wildfire in Glenwood Springs in 1994. Katie was the first reporter in the U.S. to track down and interview survivors of the tragic blaze, which left 14 firefighters dead.
She covered an array of beats over the years, including the environment, politics, education and criminal justice. She also loved covering stories in Congress and at the U.S. Supreme Court during a stint as the Rocky's reporter in Washington, D.C.
Katie then worked as a reporter for an online health news site before joining the UCHealth team in 2017.
Katie and her husband Cyrus, a Pulitzer Prize-winning photographer, have three children. The family loves traveling together anywhere from Glacier National Park to Cuba.
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Flaxseed oil is a popular food supplement with women experiencing the different stages of menopause. But did you know… flaxseed oil can also promote healthy cholesterol levels, which is extremely important for a healthy heart – the fatty acid ALA is proven to help maintain normal blood cholesterol with a daily intake of 2,000mg ALA.
This versatile oil, which has been a key ingredient in dishes and beauty products for centuries, is rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), the only essential omega 3 fatty acid. Essential here means that we need it for good health, but also because our bodies can't produce it, we must get it from external sources.
It's high-strength – each 1,000mg capsule contains 620mg ALA – so with an allowed dose of up to four capsules per day, it's easy to get the 2,000mg ALA the EU stipulates is necessary for beneficial effect on blood cholesterol.
Flaxseed Oil capsules 1000mg are ideal for women experiencing the changes that occur during the menopause and for anyone looking for natural ways to keep their cholesterol in check. Derived from natural plant source, our flaxseed capsules also are a great option for vegetarians and vegans.
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You're drill bit is probably hitting rock, and while you can drill a water well through rock, it will definitely slow the process way down. Drilling through a big rock can slow drilling down to as little as half an inch per hour!
The real problem isn't big rocks, however, but rocks about the size of a small melon. On rocks that size, the drill bit doesn't have anything to bite into, so it just rolls off. While it's not impossible to go around rocks when drilling a water well, it can be so time consuming that drilling the well in that particular location may not be practical.
You can always try drilling your water well in another location on your property, but there's no guarantee that the layer of rock you're hitting doesn't run under the entire property.
I am really desperate to know if I will get water below the hard rock that I have encountered at 20ft. while digging my borehole.
You're very welcome, Rhianna. Good luck with the drilling expedition!
Thanks for your detailed response to Jeff; I have the same problem as him. I'm considering hiring a well-drilling service, just because I think I have a lot of those melon-sized rocks you mentioned and I don't have time to keep doing trial and error. I'll have to ask if there's a way for the services in my area to check for rocks before drilling using a sonar or something.
Got porous rock for another 5ft… then continued to 60ft in hard rock where we seem to have prenty of water. We have decided to take atwo weeks break to assess water levels then go back to it.
If you wish, I can post photos and videos.
I didn't know it would take so long to drill through rock! This is a more difficult process than I thought. Is there any way to drill through the melon sized rocks, or is your only option at that point to go around them? Thanks for sharing this information!


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With its name standing for flexibility, reliability and quality, PÜHL - from its location at Plettenberg / Germany - develops, manufactures and merchandizes standard, ISO, DIN and special parts for mechanical connections. Our in-house design department working in close co-operation with our tooling department realizes individual customer requirements. The most modern manufacturing technologies with press forces of up to 1,000 tons and a huge warehouse of raw materials and finished products make possible production and delivery of large quantities at short notice and at fair terms. To be numbered among our customers around the world are wholesalers for fasteners as well as users in the sectors of wind energy, rail technology, agriculture, steel construction, securing technology, the automotive industry and traffic technology. The company is certified in accordance with EN/ISO 9001und ISO 14001 and produces in accordance with the strict rules of the automotive industry.
With its name standing for flexibility, reliability and quality, PÜHL - from its location at Plettenberg / Germany - develops, manufactures and merchandizes standard, ISO, DIN and special parts for mechanical connections. Our in-house design department working in close co-operation with our tooling department realizes individual customer requirements. The most modern manufacturing technologies with press forces of up to 1,000 tons and a huge warehouse of raw materials and finished products make possible production and delivery of large quantities at short notice and at fair terms.
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text:
Q: Changing order of Angular formGroup controls I am building an Angular application that dynamically renders a form through a formgroup object as follows:
    <div *ngFor="let controlName of updateValuesForm.controls | keys">
      <input [formControlName]=controlName type="text" class="edit-template-input" />
    </div>

In certain situations however, I want to swap the order two of these controls in my formgroup object. Is that possible with an Angular formgroup object?

A: Generally, Object in Javascript doesn't have an order and it dosn't make sense for them to have.
You can use a FormArray, which internally has an array to hold your controls and change the order that way.
Or if you really wany to do it with object, you probably have to store your controls inside an array and change the order that way.

A: A FormGroup is internally an object and so therefore has no inherent order.
If you put your controls in a FormArray you will then be able to change the order of the controls using their index.
You can use methods like insert removeAt and push to manipulate the order of the controls within the FormArray by their array index accordingly.

A: I used an unclever but effective method,put the bottom line at the top of the name and the order you want
this.formBuilder.group({
   A : ....,
   B : ...
})

change to
this.formBuilder.group({
   _1_A : ....,
   _2_B : ...
})

A: Controls of FormGroup can be copied in the desired order.
Original order:
this.form.controls = {
  A: ...,
  Z: ...,
  B: ...
}

Desired order:
this.form.controls = {
  A: this.form.controls.A,
  B: this.form.controls.B,
  Z: this.form.controls.Z
}

Tested in chrome, firefox and safari.


I was really happy to hear the word "kidney" on "Triumph of a Heart" [Björk laughs], and all of these great body parts like the teeth. I loved the choice of words-just very abstract.
I always think I'm saying something really upfront and direct. I guess through the years, I've probably done a lot of alternative medicine like acupuncture. I'm probably interested in the Chinese things overall. But that song is actually about that because—I don't know if you understand this—but I have a tendency to finish my kidney energy. It's my weakness. And if you kick your heels into the earth, you send back the kidney energy. So I was trying to have one verse about that, and one verse about oxygen, and one verse about the nerves.


text:
Is Putin Stuck in the Cold War Era?
With support for dictators and an interest in natural resource domination, Russia doesn't seem interested in embracing modernity.
Michael HirshNational Journal
Lately, Putin and Obama's relationship has been especially strained. (Jason Reed/Reuters)
Casually, and in the unlikeliest of places--a comedy show--President Obama gave voice this week to what many Russia experts have been saying for some time: Moscow never fully left the Cold War behind.
The real question, and even Obama seems somewhat mystified by this, is why. "There have been times where they slip back into Cold War thinking and a Cold War mentality," he told Jay Leno in a Tonight Show appearance Tuesday. "What I continually say to them and to President [Vladimir] Putin, 'That's the past. We've got to think about the future.' "
Makes sense. The United States and Russia share enormous interests: antiterrorism, global stability, international trade. They no longer are guided by opposing ideologies, or at least one would think. And yet Putin's seemingly ambivalent decision to grant refugee status to National Security Agency leaker Edward Snowden--the proximate reason why Obama cancelled a planned summit with Putin before the G-20 meeting in St. Petersburg next month--was only the latest unmistakable step in what is emerging as a clear Russian policy to oppose U.S. initiatives and influence around the world. Putin has been the chief obstacle to Washington in the U.N. Security Council (with China often following his moves), backing Syrian dictator Bashar al-Assad against the U.S.-aided rebels and blocking too-stringent sanctions on Iran. He has refused to discuss nuclear-weapons reduction with Obama, and he pressured the U.S. president to to retreat from a missile-defense system, angering Polish and Czech Republic leaders.
Political scientists might call this sort of behavior "geopolitical balancing," and perhaps the most noteworthy fact about the post-Cold War world is how little of this balancing has occurred, until now. In the nearly 22 years since the Soviet Union disappeared, none of the major powers--the European community, Japan, Russia--has stepped up to replace the USSR or engaged in a major military buildup and the geopolitical power games of yore. Even China does not appear to be building up a "blue-water" navy or global military structure the way the Soviet Union once did.
Putin isn't quite going there yet either, and he has warily described Washington as "our U.S. partners." But let's not kid ourselves: This is no partnership. Some of Putin's aggressiveness may be Obama's fault. Despite stepping up drone and covert warfare, he has demonstrated an eagerness to withdraw U.S. forces abroad, and to exercise military power only when NATO, France, and Britain are taking the lead, as in Libya. That could be perceived as weakness, or a vacuum, by the KGB-trained Putin. A good part of it may be the fault of Obama's predecessor, George W. Bush. The United States remains, technically, the world's only superpower. But Bush's invasion of Iraq a decade ago, intended as a demonstration of this power, achieved the opposite: It mainly exposed our economic and military vulnerabilities. The success of insurgents in both Iraq and Afghanistan has only demystified U.S. power in the eyes of other geopolitical players like Putin.
And yet Putin may also be responding to a perception of U.S. aggressiveness, especially in expanding NATO eastward in the two decades since the Cold War.
On the face of it, Putin's lack of cooperation makes no sense at all--especially for Russia. Today, for the first time ever, most of the world is democratic, and most nations embrace similar ideas of open-market capitalism. No country, not even would-be rogues such as Iran, has yet found a way around the iron operating laws of the global trade system: In order to be influential or powerful, a nation must be prosperous; in order to be prosperous, it must engage the international system of open trade (rather than conquer territory, as it might once have done); and in order to engage, even countries with different political and social systems, like America and Russia, must act according to the set of norms governing trade and conflict (if not yet, sadly, human rights). China, still nominally communist, has grown vastly rich playing this game. As Obama put it on a trip to China in 2009, the American and Chinese economies are so integrated that to disentangle them would mean a kind of "mutual assured destruction."
A reformed post-Soviet Russia should have been part of this process too. Had post-Cold War Russia opened up its economy completely, there's every reason to think its tech sector would be huge, an entrepreneurial giant of the Information Age. Consider all the technological and engineering talent and know-how that Moscow developed during the Cold War in order to become a nuclear superpower; compare what Israel did to convert its own defense prowess into a second Silicon Valley.
But Putin doesn't appear to see things that way. Rather than leading a major effort to join Russia's economy to that of the global system, he is still crudely trying to make Russia into a "natural-resources superpower" that vies with the U.S. and Europe for an antiquated notion of global influence. He has allowed Russia's economy to become an economy of fear in which "white-collar crime" is whatever the Kremlin decides it should be, and in which corruption goes unchecked. In his first years in power, Putin earned kudos for taking on the post-Cold War "oligarchs" who had grabbed up Soviet assets during often fraudulent privatizations in the 1990s. But rather than redistributing the assets fairly, all the Russian leader did was to allow many of his former KGB associates to seize the businesses for themselves. And he is clearly trying to recreate some semblance of a sphere of influence in his region that resembles that of imperial Russia and the USSR--much to the approval of the Russian public. He is also standing behind traditional allies like Syria's Assad as a way of maintaining his influence in other parts of the world.
Russia is still suffering the humiliation of having lost the Cold War, and watching its former satellite states welcomed into NATO or the Western system, while most Americans have long since left that period behind. Putin's posturing appears to have fed the psychological need of many Russians for payback, which is one of the reasons he remains so popular at home. And Putin often puts on a good show. In a statement prior to the St. Petersburg summit, he said that "Russia has identified stimulating economic growth and job creation as a primary objective of its G20 Presidency. We consider these tasks a priority for the development of a modern society."
But if one looks at what Putin does, rather than what he says, he appears to be heading in the opposite direction of a "modern society." And there doesn't seem to be much that Barack Obama or any U.S. president can do about that.
Michael Hirsh is chief correspondent for National Journal.


text:
Hold These Truths with Dan Crenshaw
Is Everything Really Getting Worse? - with Marian Tupy
Cato Institute and HumanProgress.org's Marian Tupy joins us for a look at the current state of humanity and the trends we're seeing in everything from poverty to health care to the environment.
Marian L. Tupy is the editor of HumanProgress.org, a senior fellow at the Cato Institute's Center for Global Liberty and Prosperity and co‐author of The Simon Project. He specializes in globalization and global well‐being, and politics and economics of Europe and Southern Africa. He is the co‐author of the recent book, "Ten Global Trends that Every Smart Person Needs to Know: And Many Other Trends You Will Find Interesting."
Congressman Dan Crenshaw joins the world's leading experts for deep and insightful conversations about the most important issues facing us today.
© Public Domain


Zhengzhou Hejin Metal Material Co., Ltd.
The thermocouple junction may be of many different styles, from tube type to a washer configuration. The lead length may vary depending on the distance of the temperature controller from the thermocouple sensor. The metal that the sensor is constructed of determines the type of thermocouple manufactured.
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text:
Tigerair Philippines announces two new routes
From 29 March, Tigerair Philippines will begin operating daily Manila–Legazpi flights and five times weekly Cebu–Puerto Princesa flights, utilising its fleet of four Airbus A320 aircraft.
"We are happy to announce our new flights to some of the most beautiful destinations in the Philippines – Legazpi and Puerto Princesa," commented Leilani de Leon, chief of legal and corporate affairs, Tigerair Philippines. "We look forward to offering low fares to even more destinations."
The airline's flights from Manila to Legazpi will depart at 10:30, arriving in Legazpi at 11:35. The return flight will depart Legazpi at 12:15 and arrive in Manila at 13:20.
Tigerair Philippines' flights from Cebu to Princesa will depart at 11:30, arriving in Puerto Princesa at 12:45. The return flight will depart Puerto Princesa at 13:25, arriving in Cebu at 14:40.
With these new routes, Tigerair Philippines offers flights to 14 destinations, also including Bacolod, Cagayan de Oro, Clark, Cebu, General Santos, Iloilo, Kalibo, Manila, Roxas, Tacloban, Tagbilaran and Hong Kong.
Honeywell introduces Forge for Airlines
PAS19: Cape Air announced as launch customer for Eviation's all-electric aircraft
American Airlines extends MAX grounding


text:
Northern District of New York
Antoinette T. Bacon
www.justice.gov/usao-ndny
Watertown Man Pleads Guilty to Federal Drug and Firearms Charges
Daniel J. Borg Admits to Possessing Heroin/Fentanyl and Sawed-Off Shotgun
SYRACUSE, NEW YORK – Daniel J. Borg, 43, of Watertown, New York, pled guilty yesterday to possession of controlled substances (heroin/fentanyl and eutylone) with intent to distribute, possession of a firearm in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime, possession of a sawed-off shotgun, and possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, announced Acting United States Attorney Antoinette T. Bacon, John B. DeVito, Special Agent in Charge of the New York Field Division of the United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), and Jefferson County District Attorney Kristyna Mills.
As part of his guilty plea, Daniel J. Borg admitted that on January 21, 2021 he was in possession of 305 grams of eutylone as well as 30 separate bags of a heroin/fentanyl mixture in an Audi automobile that he parked at a self-storage area in Watertown where he leased a unit. Detectives from the Metro-Jefferson Drug Task Force (Met-Jeff) surveilled Borg as he was about to enter his locked storage unit. After taking Borg into custody and recovering the drugs from the Audi, Met-Jeff Detectives obtained Borg's consent to search his locked storage unit. Inside the storage unit Met-Jeff Detectives located a safe containing 500 separate small plastic bags, each holding a small quantity of a heroin/fentanyl mixture. Also recovered from the storage unit was a sawed-off .410-gauge shotgun illegally possessed by Borg, who was previously convicted of five (5) prior felony offenses.
Sentencing is scheduled October 19, 2021, at which time Borg faces a maximum sentence of up to 20-years imprisonment, and a fine of up to $1,000,000.00, and a minimum term of supervised release of 5 years and up to life for his conviction for possession with intent to distribute controlled substances. He faces a mandatory consecutive sentence of 5-years, and up to life for his conviction for possession of a firearm in furtherance of a drug trafficking crime, and up to 10-years imprisonment for possession of a sawed-off shotgun, and possession of a firearm by a previously convicted felon. A defendant's sentence is imposed by a judge based on the particular statute the defendant is charged with violating, the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and other factors.
This case is being investigated by United States Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), and the Metro-Jefferson Drug Task Force, consisting of Detectives from the City of Watertown Police Department, Detectives from the Jefferson County Sheriff's Office, Investigators from the Jefferson County District Attorney's Office, and Special Agents from the U.S. Department of Homeland Security-Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) and is being prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorney Richard Southwick.
New York Field Division


text:
Bureau of Public Affairs
Bureau of Public Affairs: Office of Press Relations
Press Releases: 2009
Press Releases: November 2009
11/30/09 Briefing on the Honduran Elections; Assistant Secretary Arturo Valenzuela, Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs; Washington, DC
11/30/09 Deputy Secretary of State Jacob J. Lew and Ambassador Eric Goosby to speak at World Bank World AIDS Day Event; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/30/09 Remarks With Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd Before Their Meeting; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Treaty Room; Washington, DC
11/30/09 The United States is a World Leader in Humanitarian Mine Action; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/30/09 United States and Organization of the Islamic Conference to Co-Sponsor Event on Polio Eradication; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/30/09 Uruguayan Election; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/29/09 Honduran Election; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/27/09 Background Briefing With Senior Administration Officials on IAEA Board of Governors' Resolution on Iran; Via Teleconference; Washington, DC
11/27/09 Barbados Independence Day; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Washington, DC
11/27/09 The Restoration of Democratic and Constitutional Order in Honduras; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/27/09 U.S. Special Envoy Gration Trip Summary; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/26/09 Sahrawi Activist Aminatou Haidar; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/25/09 Briefing by Special Envoy for Middle East Peace George Mitchell; Special Envoy for Middle East Peace George Mitchell; Washington, DC
11/25/09 Israel's Announcement Regarding Settlements; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Washington, DC
11/25/09 Secretaries Hillary Rodham Clinton and Kathleen Sebelius, Ambassador Eric Goosby, and Valerie Jarrett To Discuss Obama Administration Efforts on HIV/AIDS; Washington, DC
11/25/09 Status of U.S.-India Reprocessing Agreement Negotiations (Taken Question); Washington, DC
11/25/09 U.S. Department of State Announces U.S. Center at Copenhagen Climate Change Negotiation and Launches COP-15 Web site: www.cop15.state.gov; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/25/09 "Elimination of Violence Against Women" Day; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Washington, DC
11/24/09 Meeting of the Advisory Committee on International Law December 11, 2009; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/24/09 Cote d'Ivoire: Delayed Presidential Elections; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/24/09 Remarks With Indian Foreign Minister S.M. Krishna; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Treaty Room; Washington, DC
11/24/09 Remarks at Luncheon for Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Ben Franklin Room; Washington, DC
11/24/09 Rewards for Justice - Husayn Muhammed al-Umari Reward Offer; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/24/09 Rewards for Justice - Husayn Muhammed al-Umari Reward Offer (Sketch); Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/24/09 Second Review Conference of the Ottawa Convention Banning Anti-Personnel Landmines; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/24/09 U.S.-South Africa Nonproliferation Consultations; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/23/09 Remarks With Bulgarian Foreign Minister Rumiana Zheleva After their Meeting; Treaty Room; Washington, DC
11/23/09 Remarks to the Press; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly, Bureau of Public Affairs, Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/23/09 Special Briefing on Secretary Clinton's Recent Trip to Afghanistan and Pakistan; Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan Richard Holbrooke, Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs; Washington, DC
11/20/09 Briefing by Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs Michele Bond on National Adoption Day; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/20/09 Micheletti's Leave of Absence (Taken Question); Question Taken at the November 20, 2009, Daily Press Briefing; Washington, DC
11/20/09 U.S.-Brazil Celebrate Fifteen Years of Science and Technology Cooperation; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/20/09 UN Calls on Iran to Address Serious Human Rights Violations; Deputy Department Spokesman Robert Wood; Washington, DC
11/19/09 Address to U.S. and International Troops in Afghanistan; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Kabul, Afghanistan
11/19/09 Deputy Secretary of State Lew Travels to Camp Atterbury-Muscatatuck Center for Complex Operations (CA-MCCO); Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/19/09 Guantanamo: Transfer of Yemen Detainees (Taken Question); Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/19/09 Interview With Indira Lakshmanan of Bloomberg Radio; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; U.S. Embassy; Kabul, Afghanistan
11/19/09 Interview With Kim Ghattas of BBC; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; U.S. Embassy Kabul; Kabul, Afghanistan
11/19/09 Interview With Mujahid Jawad of Radio Azadi; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Embassy Kabul; Kabul, Afganistan
11/19/09 Naming of New President of the European Council and EU High Representative; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Washington, DC
11/19/09 Press Conference at U.S. Embassy Kabul; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Kabul, Afghanistan
11/19/09 Progress under United States-Canada Air Quality Agreement to Reduce Emissions of Pollutants in Border Region; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/19/09 Remarks at Civil-Military Integration Briefing; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Embassy Kabul; Kabul, Afghanistan
11/19/09 Republic of Suriname's Independence Day; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Washington, DC
11/19/09 U.S. Special Envoy Gration to Travel to Sudan; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/18/09 Brazilian Black Consciousness Day; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/18/09 Briefing En Route Kabul, Afghanistan; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; En Route Kabul, Afghanistan
11/18/09 Keynote Address at the Overseas Security Advisory Council (OSAC) 24th Annual Briefing; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Dean Acheson Auditorium; Washington, DC
11/18/09 Meet and Greet at Embassy Kabul with Employees and Their Families; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Embassy Kabul; Kabul, Afghanistan
11/18/09 Secretary Hillary Rodham Clinton's Trip to Afghanistan; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/18/09 Serbia: The November 19, 2009 Funeral of Patriarch Pavle; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/18/09 U.S.-Brazil Joint Commission Meeting on Science and Technology Cooperation; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/17/09 DOS Launches Second Annual ExchangesConnect Video Contest to Amplify U.S. Public Diplomacy: "Change Your Climate, Change Our World"; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/17/09 Role of Office of Protocol in Presidential Travel Overseas (Taken Question); Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/17/09 Statement on 20th Anniversary of the Velvet Revolution; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Washington, DC
11/17/09 The United States Responds to Natural Disaster in El Salvador; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/17/09 Visa Waiver Program for Greek Citizens (Taken Question); Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/16/09 International Students Come to United States in Record Numbers, 16% Increase in New Foreign Student Enrollments is Largest Since 1980; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/16/09 Kosovo's First Elections Since Independence; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/16/09 Numbers of Americans Studying Abroad Up 8.5%, China, India, Japan, South Africa, and Argentina See Strong Gains as Destinations; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/16/09 Remarks at USA Pavilion at Shanghai Expo; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Shanghai, China
11/16/09 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton to Speak by Video Message at the 24th Annual Meeting of the Overseas Security Advisory Council; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/16/09 U.S. and Angola Hold Strategic Partnership Dialogue Meetings; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/13/09 State Department Hosts Second Workshop to Further Regional Approach to Stockpile Reduction in South East Europe; Washington, DC
11/13/09 Statement On The Passing Of James Lilley; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Washington, DC
11/13/09 Townterview Hosted by ABS-CBN with Manila Students; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; University of St. Tomas; Manila, Philippines
11/12/09 Assistant Secretary Eric P. Schwartz Traveling to Iraq, Jordan and Syria; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/12/09 Briefing on Relief Efforts and Touring of Book Fair; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Malanday High School, Marikina Flood Relief Site; Manila, Philippines
11/12/09 Greek Shipowners Discuss Piracy off the Coast of Somalia at U.S. Department of State; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/12/09 Remarks With Philippines Foreign Secretary Alberto Romulo; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Goldenberg Mansion; Manila, Philippines
11/12/09 Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan Richard C. Holbrooke's Travel; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/12/09 The United States Responds to Asia-Pacific Disasters; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/12/09 The United States Welcomes the United Nations' Creation of Mandela Day; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/11/09 Remarks at APEC Singapore Conference; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Suntec Conference Center; Singapore
11/11/09 Verdict in the Court Case of Imprisoned Youth Activists Emin Milli and Adnan Hajizade; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/10/09 Briefing on Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton's Upcoming Trip to the Philippines; Director of Maritime Southeast Asia Joseph Yun; Washington, DC
11/10/09 INL Assistant Secretary Johnson to Participate in OAS Discussion on Narcotics; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/10/09 Kimberley Process; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/10/09 New Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/10/09 Nomination of Dr. Rajiv Shah as USAID Administrator; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Washington, DC
11/10/09 U.S. Department of State and Jazz at Lincoln Center Launch 2010 Season of The Rhythm Road: American Music Abroad; Washington, DC
11/10/09 U.S. Welcomes Dialogue on Achieving Effective Civilian Response Capability; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/10/09 United States - Ecuador Bilateral Dialogue; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/09/09 Assault on Cuban Bloggers; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/09/09 Industry Advisory Panel of the Bureau of Overseas Buildings Operations Meeting; Washington, DC
11/09/09 Interview With Dr. Sebastian Hesse-Kastein of MDR Radio; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Hotel Adlon; Berlin, Germany
11/09/09 Interview With Marietta Slomka of ZDF Television; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Hotel Adlon; Berlin, Germany
11/09/09 Interview With Mathias Müller von Blumencron and Dr. Erich Follath of Der Spiegel; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Hotel Adlon; Berlin, Germany
11/09/09 Interview With Tom Brokaw of NBC; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Berlin, Germany
11/09/09 Interview on the Charlie Rose Show; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Hotel Adlon; Berlin, Germany
11/09/09 New Online Exhibit: Voices of U.S. Diplomacy and the Berlin Wall; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/09/09 Remarks With German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Berlin, Germany
11/09/09 Remarks at the Brandenburg Gate Celebration; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Brandenburg Gate; Berlin, Germany
11/09/09 Remarks on the Shanghai 2010 World Expo; Special Representative Elizabeth Frawley Bagley, Global Partnership Initiative; Washington, DC
11/09/09 Secretary Clinton Meets with Embassy Personnel and Their Families; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Berlin, Germany
11/09/09 Special Briefing on the Secretary's Upcoming Trip to the Philippines; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/08/09 Camera Spray at Top of Trilateral Meeting with Estonia and Latvia; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Hotel Adlon; Berlin, Germany
11/08/09 Keynote Address at the Atlantic Council Gala Dinner; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Adlon Hotel; Berlin, Germany
11/08/09 New Election Law in Iraq; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Berlin, Germany
11/06/09 Honduras; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/06/09 Honduras and the Tegucigalpa-San Jose Accord (Taken Question); Washington, DC
11/06/09 Reports of Ayman Nour Not Allowed to Leave Egypt; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/06/09 Secretary Clinton to Deliver Principal Address at the Commissioning of the USS New York; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/06/09 Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton's Travel; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/06/09 Special Press Briefing by Ambassador Elizabeth Frawley Bagley; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/06/09 The Sixth Global Forum on Combating Corruption and Safeguarding Integrity; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/06/09 Trans-Pacific Symposium on Dismantling Transnational Illicit Networks; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/06/09 Zimbabwe and the Kimberley Process; Washington, DC
11/05/09 Dinner Honoring the Visit of the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Benjamin Franklin Room; Washington, DC
11/05/09 Diplomatic Immunity for the Three Americans Acquitted in Italy (Taken Question); Washington, DC
11/05/09 H1N1 Vaccine Distribution Overseas (Taken Question); Washington, DC
11/05/09 Remarks With German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle After Their Meeting; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Treaty Room; Washington, DC
11/05/09 Remarks to the Press; Department Spokesman Ian Kelly; Washington, DC
11/04/09 Interview With Jackie Northam of NPR; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Fairmont Hotel; Cairo, Egypt
11/04/09 Remarks With Egyptian Foreign Minister Ahmed Ali Aboul Gheit (Revised); Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Presidential Palace; Cairo, Egypt
11/04/09 Remarks on The Plane in Cairo, Egypt; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Cairo, Egypt, DC
11/04/09 Special Representative Richard C. Holbrooke's Travel (Taken Question); Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/04/09 U.S. Welcomes Agreement in Croatia-Slovenia Talks; Washington, DC
11/04/09 U.S.-Azerbaijan Security Dialogue; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/04/09 United States-Armenia Joint Economic Taskforce; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/03/09 Briefing En Route Cairo; Assistant Secretary Philip J. Crowley, Bureau of Public Affairs; Cairo, Egypt
11/03/09 Forum for the Future and Examples of U.S. Support for Civil Society; Marrakech, Morocco
11/03/09 Interview With Abderrahim Foukara of Al Jazeera Television; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Marrakech, Morocco
11/03/09 Interview With Fouad Arif of Al-Aoula Television; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Marakech, Morocco
11/03/09 Interview With Michel Ghandour of Al Hurra Television; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Marakech, Morocco
11/03/09 Remarks at Civil Society Meeting; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Marrakech, Morocco
11/03/09 Remarks at Embassy Meet and Greet; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Marrakech, Morocco
11/03/09 Remarks at the Forum for the Future; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Marrakech, Morocco
11/03/09 Secretary Clinton Announces Civil Society 2.0 Initiative to Build Capacity of Grassroots Organizations; Marrakech, Morocco
11/03/09 Secretary Clinton Announces Global Partnerships to Advance Cairo's "New Beginning"; Marrakesh, Morocco
11/03/09 Secretary Clinton Announces New Initiatives to Bolster Science and Technology Collaboration With Muslim Communities Around the World; Marrakech, Morocco
11/02/09 Antigua and Barbuda Independence Day; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Marrakech, Morocco
11/02/09 Dominica Independence Day; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Marrakech, Morocco
11/02/09 Remarks With Moroccan Foreign Minister Taieb Fassi-Fihri; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Marrakech, Morocco
11/02/09 Secretary Clinton To Deliver Speech at the Forum for the Future on Tuesday November 3, 2009; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/02/09 Secretary Clinton on the Middle East; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Marrakech, Morocco
11/02/09 U.S. Department of State Honors S.M. Fahad bin Kamal of Bangladesh As State Alumni Member of the Month; Office of the Spokesman; Washington, DC
11/01/09 Afghanistan Election; Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton; Washington, DC


In comparison to standard care, early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) was demonstrated to significantly reduce in-hospital mortality for patients presenting with severe sepsis or septic shock.
Patients in the EGDT group also demonstrated higher mean SCVO2, a lower lactate concentration, a lower base deficit, and a higher pH when compared to the standard therapy group, suggesting aggressive optimization of hemodynamic parameters and targeting of predefined resuscitation endpoints contributed to their better outcomes.
New multicenter studies have now called into question the value of EGDT as compared to current standard care.
Severe sepsis and septic shock are common and have been recognized as a substantial cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States.
Goal-directed therapy, i.e. guiding resuscitation by predefined endpoints based upon laboratory data and invasive hemodynamic monitoring, has long been used and validated in the ICU setting. In this landmark 2001 trial, Dr. Rivers, a physician triple-boarded in emergency medicine, internal medicine and critical care, sought to examine the utility of implementing goal-directed therapy in the emergency department setting for the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. Hence, this was "early" goal-directed therapy as opposed to waiting to initiate such treatment in the ICU. More broadly, Rivers' thought process mirrored the rising trend of "bringing upstairs care downstairs" and the continuing evolution of critical care in emergency medicine.
For Rivers, sepsis was a particularly salient target of early goal-directed therapy, as it was a disease state that could be altered through timely intervention, with pathology that was largely driven by changes in hemodynamics. According to this school of thought, sepsis spans a pathophysiologic continuum that begins with the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and, if left untreated, progresses to end organ failure and death. The circulatory abnormalities that result from sepsis, namely intravascular volume depletion, peripheral vasodilation, myocardial depression and increased metabolism, create an imbalance between oxygen delivery and oxygen demand throughout the body. It is this imbalance that chiefly drives and is responsible for global tissue hypoxia, shock, and death. Rivers thought that progression along this continuum of disease could be halted by early recognition and correction of the systemic imbalance between oxygen delivery and demand. To that end, promptly optimizing hemodynamics by meeting specific resuscitation end points or "goals," could reduce the morbidity and mortality of sepsis.
This was a prospective, randomized study that enrolled 263 patients who presented to a single urban emergency department over a three-year period with severe sepsis or septic shock. Criteria for inclusion were 2/4 SIRS criteria along with an SBP ≤ 90mm Hg after a 20-30cc/kg bolus of IV crystalloid OR a blood lactate concentration of ≥ 4mmol/L. Exclusion criteria were numerous and included: age < 18 years old, pregnancy, acute CVA, ACS, acute pulmonary edema, status asthmaticus, cardiac dysrhythmias, GI bleeding, seizure, drug overdose, burn injury, trauma, cancer on chemotherapy, immunosuppression, contraindications to central venous catheterization or DNR status. Patients were randomized by computer assignment to either early goal-directed therapy or to standard therapy. Of note, the treating clinicians in the ED were not and practically speaking could not be blinded to these assignments.
Standard therapy was described in this study as being "at the discretion of the clinician," and consisted broadly of central venous and arterial catheterization with a goal of maintaining a CVP of 8-12mm Hg, MAP > 65mm Hg, and urine output > 0.5mL/hr. Cultures were obtained and antibiotics administered. Critical care consultation was also obtained and patients were admitted from the ED as soon as possible.
Conversely, patients in the early goal-directed therapy group were treated by a specific protocol for at least six hours in the ED and then transferred to inpatient beds. The critical care clinicians who subsequently assumed care of these patients were not aware of their study group assignments. According to the EGDT protocol, 500cc IVF crystalloid boluses were given every 30 minutes to achieve CVP of 8-12 mm Hg. If MAP was < 65, vasopressors were given. If MAP was > 90, vasodilators were given. If central venous oxygen saturation was < 70%, pRBCs were transfused to achieve a hematocrit of at least 30%. If the CVP, MAP and hematocrit were optimized and SCVO2 was still < 70%, dobutamine was started at 2.5mcg/kg/min and increased until SCVO2 was 70% or higher or the maximum dose of dobutamine was given. If the patient was still not hemodynamically optimized after these interventions, they would be mechanically ventilated and sedated if they were not already.
The primary efficacy end point was in-hospital mortality. Secondary end points for resuscitation such as temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, urine output, and CVP were also measured out to 72 hours. APACHE II, SAPS II and MODS scores were further calculated as was consumption of health care resources.
Overall, the study found a significant reduction of in-hospital mortality in the EGDT group as compared to the standard therapy group (30.5% vs. 46.5%, relative risk of 0.58 (0.38-0.87), P = 0.009). With regard to other secondary resuscitation end points, the study authors found that between 7-72 hours, those in the EGDT group had a significantly higher mean central venous oxygen saturation (70.4±10.7 percent vs. 65.3±11.4 percent), a lower lactate concentration (3.0±4.4 vs. 3.9±4.4 mmol/L), a lower base deficit (2.0±6.6 vs. 5.1±6.7 mmol/L), and a higher pH (7.40±0.12 vs. 7.36±0.12) than the patients assigned to standard therapy (P < 0.02 for all comparisons). They also found APACHE II, SAPS II and MODS scores to be significantly higher in patients assigned to standard therapy as opposed to those assigned to EGDT (P= < 0.001), suggesting a greater degree of end organ dysfunction in the standard therapy group as compared to the EGDT group.
There were interesting differences noted in the amount and timing of resuscitation between the two groups. Perhaps unsurprisingly, in the first 6 hours the EGDT group received more IVF (5 vs. 3.5L, p < 0.001), pRBC transfusions (p < 0.001), and inotropic support (p < 0.001). Between 7-72 hours however, the standard care group received more pRBC transfusions (p < 0.001), more vasopressors (p=0.03), more mechanical ventilation (p<0.001) and more PA catheterization (p=0.04). This suggests that the standard therapy group was initially under-resuscitated in the first 6 hours, contributing substantially to longer term morbidity and mortality.
Although fundamentally altering the standard of care for sepsis, Rivers' study has since come under increasing scrutiny, particularly in light of the recent ARISE and ProCESS trials, two multicenter studies that demonstrated no difference for in-hospital mortality between EGDT and standard therapy (see relevant articles below). These new studies, however, have been questioned given the possibility of significant overlap now between "standard" care and EGDT as a result of Rivers' work having altered the standard of care itself. While the utility of certain aspects of EGDT, such as following SCVO2 to guide resuscitation, have been questioned, Rivers' work set the standard for the aggressive treatment of sepsis that we see today. This in turn has resulted in a significant decline in the morbidity and mortality of sepsis over the past several decades.
Based on the ACEP therapeutic grading scheme this article is Level I evidence.
Peake, S. et al. "Goal-directed resuscitation for patients with early septic shock." NEJM 371;16 Oct 16, 2014.
Yealy, D. et al. "A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock." NEJM 370;18 May 1, 2014.


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