text:
\section{Introduction}
The discovery of the late time accelerated expansion of the Universe \cite{expand} which can not be explained in the standard theory of general relativity, has motivated scientists to search for modified theories of gravity. Perhaps the simplest modification is to add to the Einstein's theory, a positive cosmological constant. However, this arise the cosmological constant problem \cite{ccprob} encouraging cosmologists to search for a modified theory with an additional dynamical field.

Modification of the Einstein gravity action can be done in many ways, including the addition of some new dynamical fields to the theory or modifying the gravitational field itself. In the first class, new dynamical fields can be considered as a part of geometry, or as a part of the matter sector. As a result, one can add an additional scalar/vector field to the theory in such a way that the resulting theory does not contain more than second order derivatives in the fields. This ensures that the modified theory is free from Ostrogradski/gradient instabilities \cite{inst}. Also, the tensor mode of the theory should propagate with the speed of light, demanded by recent observations of the gravitational waves \cite{gw,prls}. Imposing all of these constraints, a few number of theories survive, including Brans-Dicke theory \cite{bd}, Quintessence/k-essence \cite{quint}, some special classes of the GLPV theory \cite{glpv}, a special case of DHOST \cite{dhost}, etc.. Cosmological implications of these theories are widely analyzed in the literature \cite{cosgali}.
The second class of modified gravity theories can be obtained by enriching the gravitational field itself. This include $f(R)$ theories \cite{fR}, Weyl, Cartan \cite{weyl}, Weitzenbock \cite{weit} theories as well as massive gravity theories \cite{massive}, etc. \cite{other}. It should be mentioned that most of theories in the second class can be written as a gravity theory with some additional dynamical fields, by some suitable field redefinition. One of the famous examples is the $f(R)$ theory of gravity which is equivalent to the Brans-Dicke theory with vanishing kinetic term of the Brans-Dicke scalar field \cite{bd}. This shows that the two classes mentioned above are not logically distinct.
However, the common thing about all above modifications is that they add some degrees of freedom to the theory.

Another way to think about modification of the gravity action is to note that in the original Einstein's theory, the matter and geometry appears in a same footing in the level of action (and also in the level of field equations). It will become more democratic if one think about other modifications of the Einstein's theory resulting from the matter sector itself. One can then generalize the Einstein's general relativity and write an action which includes an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar and the trace of the energy momentum tensor, known as the $f(R,T)$ theories \cite{fRT}. In this theory, the matter energy momentum tensor is no longer conserved and as a result we have a fifth force which will affect the dynamics of the Universe. This represents a non-minimal coupling between matter and geometry. However matter does not represent only with the trace of the energy momentum tensor. Other classes of theories can be formed by using the matter Lagrangian $L_m$ instead of the trace of the energy momentum tensor \cite{Lmtheory}. One can also go further and assume a more complicated matter-geometry couplings like $R_{\mu\nu}T^{\mu\nu}$ \cite{ourRT}. Higher order matter couplings with Lagrangian density $\sqrt{-g}(R+f(T_{\mu\nu}T^{\mu\nu}))$ \cite{roshan,powered} can also be considered. In all of the above modified theories the matter energy momentum tensor in general is not conserved and the extra force would appear. Using the solar system tests, the extra force will restrict the form of the matter coupling in the above theories \cite{will}.
The main consequence of the idea of adding some non-minimal couplings between matter and geometry is that it is sufficient to consider only the ordinary baryonic matter field as a matter source of the Universe. The accelerated expansion of the Universe, together with other observational data can be explained from the additional non-minimal couplings. As a result, there is no need to add other dynamical degrees of freedom to the theory.

Another way to produce non-minimal coupling between matter and geometry, is to add some derivative matter terms to the theory. This will add some couplings between matter sources and the Levi-Civita connection, instead of the Riemann tensor, through covariant derivatives of the energy momentum tensor.
Derivative matter coupling is considered in the level of the equation of motion in \cite{harko}. The authors wrote the most general combinations of the matter energy momentum tensor up to second order in derivatives in such a way that the result becomes divergence free. This implies that point particles move along the geodesic lines and no extra fifth force appears in the theory. Cosmological implications of the mode was also investigated in details. The problem with the approach presented in \cite{harko} is that the equation of motion can not be obtained from variational principle of an action.

A realistic idea would be to consider derivative matter couplings in the level of action. This is the main idea of the present paper. The coupling can be constructed by matter Lagrangian $\mc{L}_m$ or the trace of the energy momentum tensor $T^\mu_\mu$. In this paper, we will use the matter Lagrangian to construct new couplings, and try to build a healthy derivative self-interactions of the matter Lagrangian. By considering the fact that the matter Lagrangian is a scalar field, it will be sufficient to choose an appropriate higher derivative Lagrangian of a scalar field to have a healthy derivative matter couplings. As was discussed above the beyond Horndeski family would be a good choice since it is free from the ghost instabilities and also satisfies the gravitational wave observations \cite{gw}. So, we will consider a subclass of the Horndeski theory where the scalar field is now the matter Lagrangian. Specifically in this paper, we will consider the second and third Galileon interaction terms as a derivative interaction of the matter Lagrangian. These two terms has a property that they are widely investigated in the literature, and satisfies the recent constraint on the speed of the gravitational wave. The resulting field equation will contain derivative terms of the matter Lagrangian which will be responsible for the late time accelerated expansion of the Universe. We will see that the matter energy momentum tensor is not conserved in general and the fifth force will be appeared in the theory. The fifth force however has a property that over the FRW ansatz, there is a possibility that the matter field is conserved. So, the theory has a reach cosmological consequences which we will investigate in details.

The plan of the paper is as follows: In the next section, we will introduce the action and obtain the field equations together with the conservation equation of the matter field. In section \ref{cos}, we will adopt various functions of the matter Lagrangian and investigate the cosmological consequences of the theory in both conservative and non-conservative cases. In section \ref{matden}, we will obtain the evolution equations of the matter density perturbations and discuss the deep sub-horizon behavior of the model. Section \ref{con} will be devoted to final discussions and conclusions.
\section{The model}
In this paper, we are going to consider the effects of the derivative couplings of the matter Lagrangian $L_m$ in the dynamics of the Universe. Note that the matter Lagrangian is a scalar field and it will be better to use a healthy scalar theory to make a matter coupling. One of the most interesting healthy higher derivative scalar field theories is the Horndeski theory. As was discussed in the introduction, the fourth and fifth Horndeski Lagrangians are constrained by the recent gravitational wave observations. In this paper, for the sake of simplicity, we will only consider the second and the third Galileon interactions which obviously satisfied the above observations \cite{prls}. Let us then consider an action functional of the form
\begin{align}\label{action}
S=\int d^4x\sqrt{-g}\bigg[\kappa^2 R+\alpha\,\nabla_\mu f\,\nabla^\mu f+\beta \,\Box f \,\nabla_\mu f\,\nabla^\mu f\bigg]+S_m,
\end{align}
where $f=f(L_m)$ is an arbitrary function of the matter Lagrangian and $S_m$ is the ordinary matter action. The last two terms are the Galileon Lagrangians for the scalar field $f$ and $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are twp arbitrary constants.

Using the definition of the energy momentum tensor
\begin{align}
T_{\mu\nu}=\f{-2}{\sqrt{-g}}\f{\delta(\sqrt{-g}L_m)}{\delta g^{\mu\nu}},
\end{align}
and the variation of the matter Lagrangian
\begin{align}
\delta L_m=\f{1}{2}\big(L_m g_{\mu\nu}-T_{\mu\nu}\big)\delta g^{\mu\nu},
\end{align}
one can obtain the equation of motion of the metric field as
\begin{align}\label{geom}
\kappa^2G_{\mu\nu}&-\f12T_{\mu\nu}+f^\prime\left(T_{\mu\nu}-g_{\mu\nu}L_m \right)\left(\alpha \,\Box f+\beta\,Q\right)+\alpha\left(\nabla_\mu f\nabla_\nu f-\f12g_{\mu\nu}\nabla_\alpha f\nabla^\alpha f \right)\nonumber\\&+\beta\bigg(g_{\mu\nu}\,f\nabla_\alpha\nabla_\beta f\nabla^\alpha\nabla^\beta f+\Box f\, \nabla_\mu f \nabla_\nu f-\nabla^\alpha f \,\nabla_\alpha\left(\nabla_{\mu}f\nabla_{\nu}f\right) \bigg)=0,
\end{align}
where prime denotes derivative with respect to the argument and we have defined
\begin{align}
Q=\left(\Box f\right)^2-R_{\alpha\beta}\nabla^{\alpha}f\nabla^{\beta}f-\nabla_{\alpha}\nabla_{\beta}f \nabla^{\alpha}\nabla^{\beta}f.
\end{align}
The conservation of the energy momentum tensor can be obtained as
\begin{align}\label{conser1}
\Big(1-
f^\prime\left(\alpha\,\Box f +\beta \,Q\right)\Big)\nabla^\mu &T_{\mu\nu}=2(L_mg_{\mu\nu}-T_{\mu\nu})\Big[\beta \,\nabla^\mu \left(Q f^\prime\right)+\alpha\, \nabla^\mu\left(f^\prime \Box f\right)\Big].
\end{align}
The above conservation equation could be simplified in the cases where the matter field can be described by a perfect fluid. Suppose that the Lagrangian density and the energy momentum tensor can be written as
$$L_m=-\rho,\quad T_{\mu\nu}=(\rho+p)u_\mu u_\nu+pg_{\mu\nu},$$
where $\rho$ and $p$ are the energy density and thermodynamics pressure of the fluid, and $u_\mu$ is the 4-velocity of the fluid.
In this case equation \eqref{conser1} will be simplified to
\begin{align}\label{conser2}
\Big(1-
f^\prime\left(\alpha\,\Box f +\beta \,Q\right)\Big)\nabla^\mu T_{\mu\nu}=2(\rho+p)h_{\mu\nu}\,\nabla^\mu\Big[\alpha\, f^\prime \Box f+\beta Q f^\prime\Big].
\end{align}
The factor $h_{\mu\nu}=u_\mu u_\nu+g_{\mu\nu}$ is the projection tensor into the hyper-surfaces orthogonal to $u_\mu$. In the case of FRW space time, which we will consider in the following, RHS of equation \eqref{conser1} vanishes since all the quantities depends only on time and the covariant derivative becomes orthogonal to $h_{\mu\nu}$. As a result we have two possibilities corresponding to the conservative and non-conservative matter content. In the following, we will consider both cases.

\section{Cosmological implications}\label{cos}
In this section, we will consider cosmological implications of the model \eqref{action}. Suppose that the Universe is described by the flat FRW ansatz
\begin{align}
ds^2=-dt^2+a^2(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2),
\end{align}
filled with a perfect fluid with matter Lagrangian of the form $L_m=-\rho$ and the energy momentum tensor
\begin{align}\label{pert}
T^\mu_\nu=\textmd{diag}(-\rho,p,p,p),
\end{align}
where $a(t)$ is the scalar factor. Also, $\rho$ and $p$ are functions of time. Substituting in \eqref{geom}, one can obtain the Friedman and Raychaudhuri equations as
\begin{align}\label{frid}
&6\kappa^2H^2=\rho-\alpha f^{\prime2}\,\dot{\rho}^2-6\beta H\,f^{\prime3}\,\dot{\rho}^3,
\end{align}
and
\begin{align}\label{ray}
-4\kappa^2\dot{H}&=\rho+p+2f^{\prime}(\rho+p)(\alpha+6\beta f^{\prime} H\dot{\rho})(f^{\prime\prime}\dot{\rho}^2-f^{\prime}\ddot{\rho})-2\beta f^{\prime3}\dot{\rho}^2(3H\dot{\rho}-\ddot{\rho})\nonumber\\
&-6\beta (\rho+p)(\dot{H}+3H^2)f^{\prime3}\dot{\rho}^2-6\alpha H(\rho+p)f^{\prime2}\dot{\rho}-2(\alpha+\beta f^{\prime\prime}\dot{\rho}^2)f^{\prime2}\dot{\rho}^2,
\end{align}
where dot denotes time derivative, $H=\dot{a}/a$ is the Hubble parameter and $f^{\prime}=\partial f/\partial L_m$ and $f^{\prime\prime}=\partial^2 f/\partial L_m^2$. In order to close the above system, we will also assume that the perfect fluid obeys the barotropic equation of state, $p=\omega\rho$. The energy momentum conservation equation can be written as
\begin{align}\label{cons2}
\Big(3 H (p+\rho )+\dot{\rho }\Big)& \Bigg(2 f^{\prime2} \bigg(3 H \dot{\rho }
\left(\alpha-2 \beta f^{\prime\prime}\dot{\rho }^2\right)+\alpha \ddot{\rho
}\bigg)\nonumber\\&-2 \alpha f^\prime f^{\prime\prime} \dot{\rho }^2+6 \beta f^{\prime3}
\dot{\rho } \left((3 H^2+\dot{H}) \dot{\rho }+2 H \ddot{\rho
}\right)-1\Bigg)=0.
\end{align}
As one can see from the above conservation equation, there are two possibilities for this model. The first one which obtains by vanishing of first parenthesis in \eqref{cons2} corresponds to the conservative cosmology. Also if the second parenthesis in \eqref{cons2} vanishes, the matter is not conserved. We will investigate both cases in the following.
\subsection{Conservative cosmology}
In this section, we will consider cosmological implications of the conservative case. Suppose that the baryonic matter content of the Universe consists of both radiation with $p_r=\rho_r/3$ and dust with $p_m=0$. We introduce a redshift $z$ as an independent variable defined as $1+z=1/a$. Therefore for a general function of time $g$ we have
$$\f{dg}{dt}=-(1+z)H\f{dg}{dz}.$$
Moreover, we defined dimensionless quantities as
\begin{align}\label{dim1}
H=H_0h(z),\quad \Omega_i=\f{\rho_i}{\rho_c},
\end{align}
where $i=rad,dust$,  $\rho_c=6\kappa^2H_0^2$ is the current critical density of the Universe and $H_0$ is the current Hubble parameter. Also as an indicator of accelerated expansion of the Universe, we will use the deceleration parameter defined as
\begin{align}
q=-1+\f{d}{dt}\f{1}{H(t)}=-1+(1+z)\f{1}{H(z)}\f{d H(z)}{dz}.
\end{align}
From the above definitions, one can solve the conservation of the energy momentum tensor $\dot{\rho}+3H(\rho+p)=0$ for matter and radiation to obtain
\begin{align}\label{cons}
\Omega_r=\Omega_{r0}(1+z)^4,\qquad \Omega_m=\Omega_{m0}(1+z)^3,
\end{align}
where $\Omega_{r0}=1.68\times10^{-5}$ and $\Omega_{m0}=0.301$ are the current density parameters \cite{current}.
Let us analyze some special choices for the function $f$.
\subsubsection{The power-law case: $f=\gamma (-L_m/\rho_c)^n$}
Let us consider the power-law case $f=\gamma (-L_m/\rho_c)^n$ where $\gamma$ and $n$ are arbitrary constants. In this case the Friedman equation takes the form
\begin{align}
h^2=\Omega-n^2\Omega^{2(n-1)}\dot{\Omega}^2(\eta-n\epsilon h\Omega^{n-1}\dot{\Omega}),
\end{align}
where $\Omega\equiv\Omega_m+\Omega_r$ and we have defined dimensionless constants
\begin{align}\label{constants}
\eta=\f{\gamma^2\alpha}{6\kappa^2},\qquad\epsilon=\f{\beta\gamma^3 H_0^2}{\kappa^2}.
\end{align}
Transforming to the redshift coordinates and using the conservation equation \eqref{cons}, one obtains
\begin{align}
\epsilon n^3(1&+z)^{9n}(3\omega_0+(1+z)\Omega_{r0})^3\omega_0^{3n-1}h(z)^4\nonumber\\&+\big(1+\eta n^2(1+z)^{6n}(3\omega_0+(1+z)\Omega_{r0})^2\omega_0^{2n-1}\big)h(z)^2-\omega_{0}(1+z)^3=0,
\end{align}
where we have introduced $\omega_0(z)=\Omega_{m0}+(1+z)\Omega_{r0}$. In figure \eqref{fig1} we have depicted the variation of Hubble and  deceleration parameters as functions of $z$ for $n=-0.12$ (dot-dashed), $n=-0.16$ (dotted) and $n=-0.18$ (dashed) with $\epsilon=-3.12,-1.34,-0.96$ and $\eta=-5.34,-2.84,-2.19$ respectively. The red solid line is the $\Lambda$CDM curve. It is worth mentioning that in the conservative case, only the values $-1<n<0$ can be fitted with observational data. The other values of $n$ will make more acceleration at late times, incompatible with observations. Also one can see that the Universe has a smaller deceleration at early times compared to the standard $\Lambda$CDM model. This can be explained by noting that with $n<0$, the energy density in derivative terms has a negative power and at early times produces more acceleration.
\begin{figure}[h]\label{fig1}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=0.446]{power-con-h.pdf}
	\includegraphics[scale=0.446]{power-con-q.pdf}
	\caption{The variation of Hubble and deceleration parameters as functions of the redshift $z$ for $n=-0.12$ (dot-dashed), $n=-0.16$ (dotted) and $n=-0.18$ (dashed) with $\epsilon=-3.12,-1.34,-0.96$ and $\eta=-5.34,-2.84,-2.19$ respectively, for power-law function $f\propto (L_m)^n$.}
\end{figure}
\subsubsection{The case: $f=\gamma(-L_m/\rho_c)^n\exp(-\zeta L_m/\rho_c)$}
In this case the Friedman equation takes the form
\begin{align}
h^2=\Omega-\eta e^{2\zeta\Omega}\Omega^{2(n-1)}\dot{\Omega}^2(n+\zeta\Omega)^2+\epsilon h e^{3\zeta\Omega}\Omega^{3(n-1)}\dot{\Omega}^3(n+\zeta\Omega)^3,
\end{align}
where $\eta$ and $\epsilon$ are defined in \eqref{constants} and $\zeta$ is a constant. Using the conservation equations \eqref{cons} and transforming to the redshift coordinates, one can see that the Hubble parameter should be obtained from the following algebraic equation
\begin{align}
\Omega_0 ^4-\Omega_0 \left(\eta \Omega_1^2 e^{2 \zeta  \Omega_0 } \Omega_0 ^{2 n}
(\zeta \Omega_0 +n)^2+\Omega_0^2\right) h(z)^2 - \epsilon \Omega_1^3 e^{3 \zeta
	\Omega_0 }\Omega_0 ^{3 n} (\zeta  \Omega_0 +n)^3h(z)^4=0.
\end{align}
Here we have introduced
\begin{align}\label{new}
\Omega_0(z)=(1+z)^3(\Omega_{m0}+(1+z)\Omega_{r0}),\qquad \Omega_1(z)=(1+z)^3(3\Omega_{m0}+4\Omega_{r0}(1+z)).
\end{align}
In figure \eqref{fig2}, we have depicted the Hubble and deceleration parameters as functions of the redshift.
\begin{figure}[h]\label{fig2}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=0.446]{exp-con-h.pdf}
	\includegraphics[scale=0.446]{exp-con-q.pdf}
	\caption{The variation of Hubble and deceleration parameters as functions of the redshift $z$ for $n=-0.15$ (dot-dashed), $n=-0.17$ (dotted) and $n=-0.19$ (dashed) with $\zeta=10^{-5}$ and $\epsilon=-1.62,-1.13,-0.82$ and $\eta=-3.28,-2.49,-1.95$ respectively, for the function $f\propto L_m^n\exp(L_m)$.}
\end{figure}
It should be noted that the exponential term will cause very rapid acceleration at late times. As a result, we assume a small value for $\zeta=10^{-5}$. The qualitative behavior of the figures is the same as in the power-law case, \eqref{fig1}. However, one can see that the exponential term makes the Universe to accelerate faster. It should also be emphasized that the best fit with the observational data could be found for values of $n$ in the range $(-1,0)$. Other values of $n$ will produce more rapid acceleration compared to the $\Lambda$CDM data (red curves in the figures).
\subsubsection{The case: $f=\gamma(-L_m/\rho_c)^n\exp(-\zeta \rho_c/L_m)$}
The Friedman equation in this case can be written as
\begin{align}
h^2=\Omega-\eta e^{\f{2\zeta}{\Omega}}\Omega^{2(n-2)}(\zeta-n\Omega)^2\dot{\Omega}^2-\epsilon h e^{\f{3\zeta}{\Omega}}\Omega^{3(n-2)}(\zeta-n\Omega)^3\dot{\Omega}^3,
\end{align}
where $\epsilon$, $\eta$ are defined in \eqref{constants} and $\zeta$ is a constant.  Using conservation equations \eqref{cons} and transforming to the redshift coordinates, one obtains
\begin{align}
\Omega_0 ^7-\Omega_0 ^2  \left(\eta  \Omega_1^2 e^{2 \zeta /\Omega_0} \Omega_0
^{2 n} (\zeta -n\Omega_0)^2+\Omega_0 ^4\right)h(z)^2+\epsilon \Omega_1^3  e^{3
		\zeta/\Omega_0} \Omega_0^{3 n} (\zeta -n \Omega_0)^3 h(z)^4=0.
\end{align}
The definition of $\Omega_0$ and $\Omega_1$ has been made \eqref{new}. In figure \eqref{fig3}, we have plotted the Hubble and deceleration parameters as functions of the redshift.
\begin{figure}[h]\label{fig3}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=0.446]{invexp-con-h.pdf}
	\includegraphics[scale=0.446]{invexp-con-q.pdf}
	\caption{The variation of Hubble and deceleration parameters as functions of the redshift $z$ for $n=-0.10$ (dot-dashed), $n=-0.15$ (dashed) and $n=-0.20$ (dotted) with $\zeta=10^{-4}$ and $\epsilon=-2.94,-0.94,-0.46$ and $\eta=-7.14,2.93,-1.55$ respectively, for the function $f\propto L_m^n\exp(1/L_m)$.}
\end{figure}
One can see from these figures that the early time behavior is similar to the exponential case of the previous subsection. However, at late times where the energy density decreases, the behavior of the inverse-exponential function differs from the exponential one. One can see that for smaller value of $n$ one obtains less acceleration. As before, the best fit with observational data can be made only for the range $n\in(-1,0)$.
\subsection{Non-conservative cosmology}
let us now consider the case where the energy momentum tensor is not conserved. In this case, from equation \eqref{cons2}, one has
\begin{align}
2 f^{\prime2} \bigg(3 H \dot{\rho }
\left(\alpha-2 \beta f^{\prime\prime}\dot{\rho }^2\right)+\alpha \ddot{\rho
}\bigg)-2 \alpha f^\prime f^{\prime\prime} \dot{\rho }^2+6 \beta f^{\prime3}
\dot{\rho } \left((3 H^2+\dot{H}) \dot{\rho }+2 H \ddot{\rho
}\right)=1
\end{align}
Let us now consider a dust dominated Universe with power-law function $f=\gamma(-L_m/\rho_c)^n$ where $\gamma$ and $n$ are some constants. One obtains the dimensionless Friedman equation as
\begin{align}
h^2=\Omega_m-n^2\Omega_m^{2(n-1)}\dot{\Omega}_m^2(\eta-n\epsilon h\Omega_m^{n-1}\dot{\Omega}_m).
\end{align}
Also, the (non)-conservation equation of the energy momentum tensor \eqref{cons2} can be written as
\begin{align}
\Omega_m^4&-2 \eta  n^2 \Omega_m^{2 n+1} \left(3 h \Omega_m\dot{\Omega}_m+(n-1) \dot{\Omega}_m^2+\Omega_m
\ddot{\Omega}_m\right)\nonumber\\&+n^3 \epsilon  \Omega_m^{3 n} \dot{\Omega}_m \left(\dot{\Omega}_m\left(\Omega_m \left(\dot{h}+3 h^2\right)+2 (n-1) h
\dot{\Omega}_m \right)+2 h \Omega_m \ddot{\Omega}_m\right)=0.
\end{align}
Now, transforming to redshift coordinates, one obtains
\begin{align}
h(z)^2&=\Omega_m(z)-\eta
n^2 (z+1)^2 h(z)^2 \Omega_m(z)^{2 n-2} \Omega_m^{\prime2}\nonumber\\&-\epsilon n^3 (z+1)^3   h(z)^4\Omega_m(z)^{3 n-3} \Omega_m(z)^{\prime3}(z),
\end{align}
and
\begin{align}
\Omega_m(z)^4&-2 \eta  n^2 (z+1) h(z)
\Omega_m(z)^{2 n+1} \Big((z+1) \Omega_m(z) h'(z) \Omega_m^{\prime}(z)\nonumber\\&+h(z) \left((n-1) (z+1) \Omega_m^{\prime2}(z)+\Omega_m(z)
\left((z+1) \Omega_m^{\prime3}(z)-2 \Omega_m^{\prime}(z)\right)\right)\Big)\nonumber\\&- \epsilon n^3 (z+1)^2 h(z)^3 \Omega_m(z)^{3 n} \Omega_m^{\prime}(z) \Big(3
(z+1) \Omega_m(z) h'(z) \Omega_m^{\prime}(z)\nonumber\\&+h(z) \left(2 (n-1) (z+1)
\Omega_m^{\prime}(z)^2+\Omega_m(z) \left(2 (z+1)\Omega_m^{\prime2}(z)-\Omega_m^{\prime}(z)\right)\right)\Big)=0
\end{align}
In figure \eqref{fig4} we plot the Hubble and deceleration parameters for $n=2.5,3.5,4$ with $\eta=2.6,14.0,32.5$ and $\epsilon=-22.6,-269.4,-941.7$, for dotted, dot-dashed and dashed curves respectively. The red solid curve is the $\Lambda$CDM curve.
\begin{figure}[h]\label{fig4}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=0.446]{power-noncon-h.pdf}
	\includegraphics[scale=0.446]{power-noncon-q.pdf}
	\caption{The variation of Hubble and deceleration parameters as functions of the redshift $z$ for $n=2.5$ (dotted), $n=3.5$ (dot-dashed) and $n=4.5$ (dashed) with $\eta=2.6,14.0,32.5$ and $\epsilon=-22.6,-269.4,-941.7$ respectively, for the power-law function $f\propto (L_m)^n$.}
\end{figure}
One can see from the figures that in the non-conservative case the early time behavior of the Hubble and deceleration parameters differ from the conservative case. The non-conservative case produce more acceleration in contrast to the conservative case. Also the Hubble parameter is greater than the $\Lambda$CDM curve which is also different from the conservative case. However the late time behavior is the same and can be fitted with observational data. One should note that in the non-conservative case, positive values of $n$ is also allowed and satisfy observational data. In figure \eqref{fig5} we have plotted the behavior of the density parameter $\Omega_m$ as a function of redshift.
 \begin{figure}[h]\label{fig5}
 	\centering
 	\includegraphics[scale=0.45]{power-noncon-O.pdf}
 	\caption{The variation of the density parameter as functions of the redshift $z$ for $n=2.5$ (dotted), $n=3.5$ (dot-dashed) and $n=4.5$ (dashed) with $\eta=2.6,14.0,32.5$ and $\epsilon=-22.6,-269.4,-941.7$ respectively, for the power-law function $f\propto (L_m)^n$.}
 \end{figure}
 One can see from the figure that the density parameter coincides with observational data. However at early times, the matter density parameter becomes less than the standard $\Lambda$CDM model. This is in fact because of the non-conservative nature of the theory which makes the behavior different from $(1+z)^3$.
\section{Matter density perturbations}\label{matden}
In this section, we are going to consider dynamics of the matter density perturbations in the derivative matter coupling theory. For the sake of simplicity, we will only consider the dynamics of the scalar perturbation in the conservative case of the theory. After conformal transforming the time coordinate as $d\tau=dt/a$, the perturbed metric can be written as
\begin{align}
ds^2=a^2(\tau)\Big[-(1+2\Phi)d\tau^2+(1-2\Psi)d\vec{x}^2\Big],
\end{align}
where we used the Newtonian gauge $E=0=B$.
The perturbed energy momentum tensor can be defined as
\begin{align}
\delta T^0_0=-\delta\rho\equiv-\rho_0\delta,\quad \delta T^0_i=(1+c_s^2)\rho_0\partial_i v,\quad \delta T^i_j=\delta^i_jc_s^2\rho\delta.
\end{align}
Here, $\delta$ is the matter density perturbation defined as $\delta=\delta\rho/\rho_0$ and $v$ is the scalar mode of the velocity perturbation.
In the following, we will assume that the perturbed and unperturbed matter content of the Universe  have the equations of motion of the form $\delta p/\delta\rho=c_s^2=p_0/\rho_0$, where $c_s^2=0$.

With the above assumptions, one can obtain the energy momentum conservation equation to first order in perturbations as
\begin{align}
\delta^\prime-3\psi^\prime+\theta&=0,\label{matt1}\\
\theta^\prime+\mathcal{H}\theta-k^2\Phi&=0.\label{matt2}
\end{align}
where we have Fourier transfomed the perturbaed fields. Also, prime represents derivative with respect to $\tau$, $\mc{H}=a^\prime/a$, and $\theta=\nabla_i\nabla^i v$.
After combining equations \eqref{matt1} and \eqref{matt2}, one can obtain the dynamical equation for the matter density perturbation as
\begin{align}\label{denson}
\delta^{\prime\prime}+\mc{H}\delta^\prime-3\Psi^{\prime\prime}-\mc{H}\Psi^\prime+k^2\Phi=0.
\end{align}
In order to close the above equation one should obtain the scalar perturbations $\Psi$ and $\Phi$ from perturbed Einstein's equations. It can be easily seen that the $(ij), i\neq j$ components of the Einstein's equation \eqref{geom} give
$$\Psi=\Phi.$$
As a result, the $(00)$, $(0i)$ and $(ii)$ components of the Einstein's equation \eqref{geom} can be written as
\begin{align}\label{eq1}
3\mc{H}\Phi^\prime+3\mc{H}^2\Phi+k^2\Phi+\f{3\alpha}{2\kappa^2}\mc{H}\rho^2 f^{\prime2}\Big[\delta^\prime-3\mc{H}\left(1-\rho\f{f^{\prime\prime}}{f^\prime}\right)\delta+3\mc{H}\Phi\Big]=-\f{1}{4\kappa^2}a^2\rho\delta,
\end{align}
\begin{align}
k^2(\Phi^\prime+\mc{H}\Phi)-\f{3\alpha}{2\kappa^2}\rho^2f^{\prime2}\Big[k^2\mc{H}\delta+(\mc{H}^\prime-\mc{H}^2)\theta+3\mc{H}^2\theta\f{f^{\prime\prime}}{f^\prime}\Big]=-\f{1}{2\kappa^2}a^2\rho\theta,
\end{align}
\begin{align}
\Phi^{\prime\prime}&+3\mc{H}\Phi^\prime+2\Phi\mc{H}^\prime+\mc{H}^2
\Phi+\f{\alpha}{2\kappa^2}\rho^2f^{\prime2}\Big[\delta^{\prime\prime}+12\mc{H}\Phi^\prime-7\mc{H}\delta^\prime+3(\delta-\Phi)(5\mc{H}^2-2\mc{H}^\prime)+k^2\delta\Big]\nonumber\\
&+\f{3\alpha}{2\kappa^2}\rho^3f^{\prime2}\Big[3\rho\mc{H}^2\delta\f{f^{\prime\prime2}}{f^{\prime2}}+(2\delta\mc{H}^\prime+2\mc{H}\delta^\prime+6\mc{H}^2\Phi-14\mc{H}^2\delta)\f{f^{\prime\prime}}{f^\prime}+3\rho\mc{H}^2\delta\f{f^{\prime\prime\prime}}{f^\prime}\Big]=0,
\end{align}
where we have assumed $\beta=0$ for simplicity. In the sub-horizon limit $k\tau\gg1$, one can obtain $\Phi$ from \eqref{eq1} and the evolution equation of the matter density perturbation will be reduced to
\begin{align}
\delta^{\prime\prime}+\left(\mc{H}-\f{3\alpha}{2\kappa^2}\mc{H}\rho^2f^{\prime2}\right)\delta^\prime-\f32\mc{H}^2\left[1-\f{3\alpha}{2\kappa^2}\rho^2f^{\prime}\left(f^\prime-2\rho f^{\prime\prime}\right)\right]\delta=0.
\end{align}
Note that the above expression becomes equivalent to the standard $\Lambda$CDM for $\alpha=0$.
\begin{figure}[h]\label{fig6}
	\centering
	\includegraphics[scale=0.446]{denm03.pdf}
	\includegraphics[scale=0.446]{denp03.pdf}
	\caption{The variation of the matter density perturbation as a function of redshit $z$ for $n=0.2$ (dashed) and $n=-0.3$ (dotted) for $\alpha=0.3$ and $\alpha=-0.3$, for inverse exponential function $f\propto (L_m)^n$. The solid line indicates the $\Lambda$CDM curve.}
\end{figure}

In figure \eqref{fig5} we have plotted the evolution of the matter density perturbation as a function of the redshift $1+z=1/a$ for both signs of $\alpha$ in the case of $f=\gamma(-L_m/\rho_c)^n$. The solid curve represents the $\Lambda$CDM line corresponding to $\alpha=0$. One can see from the figures that the late time behavior of the model is in agreement with observational data. The early time behavior is different from the $\Lambda$CDM curve. In fact, positive values for $\alpha$ predicts larger density perturbations at early time, while negative values predict less density perturbations. This could be traced back to the fact that for positive values of $\alpha$ there would be more gravitational attractions from derivative matter couplings which shows itself in the early times. In contrast, negative values for $\alpha$ produce gravitational repulsion at early times.
\section{Conclusions and final remarks}\label{con}
In this paper, we have considered a theory containing derivative matter couplings. The matter interactions is expressed in terms of a new function of the matter Lagrangian $f=f(L_m)$. In order to write the action, remembering that $f$ is a scalar field, we chose a higher derivative scalar field interactions which is healthy in the sense of the Ostrogradski instability and also satisfy the gravitational wave observations \cite{gw}. The special class of the beyond Horndeski theory satisfy all the above requirements \cite{prls}. In this paper, we have considered the second and third Galileon interactions which is the simplest subclass of beyond Horndeski theory satisfying all the above constraints. Higher order interaction terms could also be added to the theory, but the qualitative behavior presented here does not change. Cosmological implications of the theory for three different functions $f$ corresponding to power-law, power-law-exponential and power-law-inverse-exponential is considered assuming that the Universe is filled by matter and radiation sources.
The energy momentum tensor is not conserved in general, signaling that the theory predicts an extra fifth force. The existence of the fifth force is a general behavior of the theories with matter/geometry coupling \cite{ketabeharko}. However, the present model has a property that on top of FRW space-time, the energy momentum tensor could be conserved. As a result the model, has a reach cosmology corresponding to both conservative and non-conservative cases. The conservative case made more acceleration and smaller Hubble parameter with respect to the $\Lambda$CDM at early times. The non-conservative case however, make the Universe to have less acceleration with respect to the $\Lambda$CDM at early times with greater Hubble parameter. Also, the non-conservative case predict less matter sources at early times compare to the $\Lambda$CDM case. The cosmological behavior of the model in both cases depends sharply on the values of the model parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta$ and also on the constant $n$ appearing in $f\propto L_m^n$. However, one can see that for the conservative case, the values of $n$ in the range $(-1,0)$ can satisfy late time observational data.
In the case of non-conservative cosmology, all values of $n$ would be allowed.

In this paper, we have considered the evolution equation of the matter density perturbations in the dust dominated Universe. We have seen that in the deep sub-horizon limit with $k\tau\gg1$, the behavior of density parameter coincides at late time to the standard $\Lambda$CD model. However, at early times, the behavior depends on the value of $\alpha$. Positive values predict more density and negative values predict less density than the standard $\Lambda$CDM model. However, the qualitative behavior of the matter density perturbation does not depend on the value of $n$ in $f\propto L_m^n$. More detailed analysis of the matter density perturbation would be the scope of an independent work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
2019: Supporters pay N22.5m for UN official's APC gov forms
…Duke, Anozie also pick forms
John Alechenu, Abuja
Supporters of a Taraba State Governorship aspirant, Alhaji Aliyu Umar have paid the N22.5m and obtained the expression of interest and nomination forms on his behalf.
Umar, who is currently a Federal Government Liaison Officer to the United Nations Commission in New York, was not present when his supporters stormed the National Secretariat of the All Progressives Congress to obtain the forms for him on Thursday.
The supporters who claimed to be representatives of about 168 wards from across Taraba State announced that they tasked one another and paid for the forms because they believed he had all it takes to develop the state.
Addressing newsmen shortly after obtaining the forms, the leader of the group who is a former federal lawmaker, Kabiru Jalo, said the state was in dire need of the kind of experience Umar posses.
He noted that Taraba state has suffered a lot of maladministration and there was the need for someone who has the know how to change things for the better ar.
According to Jalo, most delegates from the 168 wards of the state had deliberated on the choice of governorship candidate for the APC before finally settling for Umar.
He said, "We have done something in Taraba state that is unprecedented in the political history of the state. We wouldn't let it go unnoticed because it is important to us, in trying to do what is right, in trying to deepening our democracy especially in Taraba state.
"We came under a political association in Taraba state that is known as New Taraba Agenda. Like I said earlier, we have done something that is unprecedented.
"We came together, brought in stakeholders from across the state and looked around independently, bringing in objective minds to look at the issues in Taraba state and determine what the way forward is.
"We brought in representatives from the 168 wards to come together and endorse a candidate that can move the state forward. So what we have done is a completely different approach to what we used to have. Our candidate is the candidate of the people, we came together and asked him to run, of course every politician will say that people asked him or her to run but in this case, we tried to make it real by bringing in the people to deliberate and search for a fit candidate.
"So, truly in our own case our candidate was pushed forward by the people and for the very first time we have a coalition which comprises of the 168 wards in all the local government with one person representing each of the wards to ask our principal to step forward to run for the office of the governor under the APC. Our principal accepted the call from the people to step forward and declared to run for the office, so we came here to pick the form for our principal.
Also, a former Minister of Culture and Tourism, Edem Duke was also at the APC secretariat to obtain his forms. He was accompanied by a large number of party supporters.
He told reporters he was in the race to win because he has what it takes to make Cross River State occupy its pride of place.
In a similar vein, an Imo State governorship aspirant, Chima Anozie expressed confidence that he would easily beat the son-in-law to Governor Rochas Okorocha because the people were now better informed.
2019 polls: Abdulsalami cautions politicians
Obi will succeed Atiku as president, says campaign chairman
Don't attend events organised by Gana, Falae urges SDP members
My govt will not promise and fail like Buhari's, Atiku tells Ekiti people
To sack me, seats of all defectors in the Senate must also be declared vacant —Akpabio
Endorsements: Learn from Afenifere, Arewa, ex-Speaker tells Ohaneze Ndigbo
'Appreciate voters with useful projects'
I'm eyeing senatorial seat –Ngige
LASG asks residents to exploit UK £38m mobile initiative
Fund police to tackle kidnapping, security expert tells FG
Lagos residents back Joshua to beat Ruiz
EFCC hunts unqualified graduates undergoing NYSC scheme
Abuja school bursar arrested for raping, impregnating pupil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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Opaque hotel booking sites (also known as "hidden hotels", "secret hotels" etc) can be great, because you can get some stunningly good deals as hotels shift excess rooms (some money is better than no money for an empty room!). However, to avoid undercutting the main hotel's booking, they don't tell you what hotel you'll be booking, just the area it's in (can be very big!), and some headline facilities of the hotel.
Is there any way when booking through an opaque booking site to increase your chances of getting somewhere with free wifi? Or at least cheap wifi? Or is this just a risk you take when using opaque sites (such as the rates almost never including breakfast)?
If it's listed in the description. Although opaque sites are generally deliberately short on details on the hotel, free wifi is one of the things that is sometimes listed, although it depends a lot on both the site you're booking on, as well as the individual hotel.
If you can work out which hotel it's referring to! In general this can be fairly difficult, but on some sites it can actually be muh easier than you might expect.
As an example, I just pulled up a secret hotel deal on one website that does opaque deals (I won't name the site, but you should be able to work it out easily enough). For one of their opaque hotels it state that the hotel rooms "overlook the foliage of the rainforest and South China Sea". Plug that exact phrase into Google, and you'll work out exactly which hotel it's referring to - and thus you can easily work out if you'll get free wifi or not.
In most cases it's not going to be quite that easy, but sometimes it doesn't take too much effort to work out that there's only one or two four star hotels in a particular area that include, say, a headed pool - or some other item listed against the mystery hotel.
There are also websites that can help you determine which hotel(s) you might be looking at, such as Bidding for Travel.
Other than that, the best you can probably do is to look at what type of hotels normally offer free wifi in a particular region, and book something in that range. eg, in the US a 3 star hotel will normally include free wifi, whilst a 4 star place will normally require you to pay for it. There's always exceptions to the rule, but there is normally a general rule for each region/country.
I used Expedia before and you can definitely get a free WiFi for granted if you choose in the amenities "Free WiFi" and for whatever reason you had any trouble getting it they will fix it for you.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged hotels bookings opaque-provider or ask your own question.
What are the advantages to booking a hotel via an online travel agent, rather than directly?


Carefree of Colorado develops, manufactures, markets and sells shade products and accessories featuring an exceptional user experience in recreational, residential and commercial applications.
Our products are the easiest to order.
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text:
Q: The last inserted rowid of a specific table in SQLite3 Is there a way to get the last inserted rowid of a specific table in SQLite3? There is a function last_insert_rowid which returns the rowid of the most recent successful INSERT into a rowid table or virtual table. However, I want to know whether there's such an method to get the last inserted rowid of a specific table.

A: The last inserted rowids of all tables are stored in the internal table sqlite_sequence, which you can query like any other table. Make sure your primary key ID has the attribute autoincrement, else it isn't listed there.
sqlite> create table Test1 (id integer primary key autoincrement, text string);
sqlite> create table Test2 (id integer primary key autoincrement, text string);

[...]  -- Insert rows here

sqlite> select rowid from Test1;
id
----------
1
2
sqlite> select rowid from Test2;
id
----------
1
2
3
sqlite> select * from sqlite_sequence;
name        seq
----------  ----------
Test1       2
Test2       3

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text:
David Amess murder suspect lives on sought-after North London street which used to be home to actor Roger Lloyd Pack who played Trigger in Only Fools and Horses
Roger Lloyd Pack lived on tree-lined road in London Borough of Camden for 27 years until his death in 2014
Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer lives in Kentish Town, a short distance away from the street of £2million homes
On Saturday two police officers stood guard at Ali family's £1.5million council-owned flat as part of probe
By Jake Ryan and Katie Hind For The Mail On Sunday and Nick Craven for MailOnline
Suspect Ali Harbi Ali lives on a sought-after North London street, in an area popular with celebrities and politicians.
The tree-lined road, where properties sell for around £2 million, was also previously home to the late Only Fools And Horses actor Roger Lloyd Pack, who lived there for 27 years until his death in 2014.
Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer, who yesterday laid a wreath for Sir David Amess at the scene of his killing in Leigh-on-Sea, lives just streets away.
He is also the MP for the area where Ali lives with his father in their council-owned flat. The road, populated with Victorian terrace houses, is described as 'vibrant' and 'close knit'. It lies in the London Borough of Camden.
The road in the London Borough of Camden has been alive with police activity since Friday when police arrived to search the property (pictured above)
Residents reported seeing teams of officers, some wearing gloves, moving in and out of the house during Friday and yesterday (police outside the home of Ali Harbi Ali, pictured above)
Other high-profile names with addresses nearby include former Guardian editor Alan Rusbridger and the late Labour Minister Tessa Jowell.
A 1959 film called Sapphire, about the murder of a young woman and exposing deep racial tensions in the capital, starring Fenella Fielding, was set in the street.
It has been alive with police activity since Friday when police arrived to search the property.
Hundreds of mourners carry lanterns and candles to remember... British Muslim, 25, arrested over murder of Tory MP Sir... Westminster united in grief: Boris Johnson and Keir Starmer...
The family rent the top two floors from the local council, but a ground floor flat is privately owned.
'We weren't aware of any father living there,' said one resident in the street. They're a lovely family as far as I'm concerned. There was an incident a long time ago involving one of the brothers and the police, but nothing recent.
'We saw the police there yesterday afternoon and they've been coming and going from the property all day.
'Officers searched the house very thoroughly and some of them also went to the back garden in case anything had been thrown out from the upper windows.'
The resident added: 'We've lived in the street for more than 20 years and they've been here all that time since the boys were very young.'
Another resident said that she hadn't seen any armed officers involved in the raid and there didn't appear to have been a forced entry.
She said: 'There were officers in forensic suits going in and out all night. This is a respectable area and you don't see a lot of police activity in this street.'
The tree-lined road was previously home to the late Only Fools And Horses actor Roger Lloyd Pack (pictured in 2001), who lived there for 27 years until his death in 2014
The Victorian terraced houses in the street, not far from Hampstead Heath, fetch up to £2.4million.
The road's occupants have held a large Summer street party for the last 20 years, described as 'a welcoming, vibrant event bringing together the whole community to enjoy a day of wonderful activities, including a delicious shared home-made lunch, children's activities and a Ceilidh.'
Locals reported seeing teams of officers, some wearing gloves, moving in and out of the house during Friday and yesterday.
One neighbour, who did not wish to be named, said: 'Police have been moving in and out all day. I've seen officers in unmarked vans with gloves on, plain clothes guys going in. They've been parked along the road.
'I didn't know the guy who lived there and never saw him. I can't believe that someone on this road would be linked to that horrific attack.'
Terror suspect Ali Harbi Ali plotted attack on Tory MP Sir David Amess for a week: British Muslim, 25, lives on celebrity-studded London street of £2million houses and his father is a former Somali official left 'traumatised' by his son's arrest
By Glen Owen, Jake Ryan, Abul Taher and Scarlet Howes for the Mail on Sunday
The killer of Tory MP Sir David Amess planned the murderous assault more than a week in advance, security sources have told The Mail on Sunday.
As police continued to question a 25-year-old British man of Somalian descent last night, sources revealed that the attacker had booked an appointment at Sir David's constituency surgery before stabbing the politician 17 times.
The suspect was named last night as Ali Harbi Ali, the son of a former communications adviser to the prime minister of Somalia. Harbi Ali Kullane, confirmed that his son was in police custody following the stabbing and said he was 'traumatised' by the arrest.
Ali may have lived in Sir David's Southend West constituency in Essex in the past, but his most recent residence is believed to be in London, where officers have been carrying out searches at three addresses.
The security services are providing assistance to Scotland Yard, which is leading the investigation. Last night, detectives were granted a warrant of further detention, allowing them to keep Ali in custody until Friday.
Police officers were yesterday standing guard outside the North London council house where Ali lives. It is in a street of £2 million three-storey townhouses where the late actor Roger Lloyd Pack, who played Trigger in Only Fools And Horses, used to live.
Sir David, 69, who had been an MP since 1983, met the public every fortnight and advertised the details on his parliamentary website.
Shortly before his killing, one Minister told this newspaper that the Government feared a wave of fresh terror attacks as the country emerged from the Covid pandemic, due to an 'epidemic' of 'bedroom radicals' who spent lockdown hunched over computers plotting atrocities.
Priti Patel Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer and Commons Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle paid their respects to Sir David (pictured above), less than 24 hours after he was fatally stabbed during a constituency surgery
Police officers attend following the stabbing of UK Conservative MP Sir David Amess as he met with constituents at a constituency surgery on October 15t, in Leigh-on-Sea
The Prime Minister lays a wreath of flowers at the foot of a tree in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex and Sir Keir Starmer stands behind him
Well-wishers attend a candle-lit vigil in memory of the Conservative MP David Amess, who was fatally stabbed the previous day, in Leigh-on-Sea
Boris Johnson, Sir Keir Starmer, Priti Patel and Sir Lyndsay Hoyle arrive to the scene of Sir David Amess's killing in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex to pay tribute Saturday
Members of the public attend a vigil for Sir David on the field where an air ambulance landed as paramedics tried to save the MP for Southend West, after he was stabbed to death in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex
Police officers stand nearby as crowds gather in darkness at Belfairs sports ground in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex, on Saturday evening to honour the 69-year-old Tory MP, who was killed while meeting constituents yesterday
Suspect spotted on surveillance cam after fatally stabbing woman
Car caught driving on frozen river in Canada before it sank
Speculation of Iran link to MP's murder
Sir David Amess had been at an Iranian opposition rally, along with five other British MPs, in Paris in 2018.
A Tehran diplomat had plotted to bomb the event, where regime dissident Maryam Rajavi had been a key target, The Sun reports.
Diplomat Assadollah Assadi, 49, was jailed for 20 years for the plot which Belgian prosecutors said could have led to a 'bloodbath'.
The Iranian opposition had welcomed Sir David's attendance, having called for the country's president to be barred from Glasgow's COP26 summit.
A senior source said Sir David, who was Catholic, could have been a target due to his religion.
'They are very hard for the security services to keep track of before they strike,' the Minister said in a chilling warning.
Ali – who had not been charged last night – is being questioned by police to establish whether he had links to radical Islamic groups. Whitehall insiders said Ali was not known to MI5, although he is thought to have been targeted by Prevent, the Government deradicalisation programme, some years ago.
His father told The Sunday Times: 'I'm feeling very traumatised. It's not something that I expected or ever dreamt of.'
It is understood that initial indications point to the attacker being a 'lone wolf' who had 'self-radicalised' ahead of the attack at Belfairs Methodist Church in Leigh-on-Sea at Friday lunchtime.
Sources said that the suspect lived in London and travelled to Essex by train to carry out the attack. Ali was yesterday moved from Southend and taken for questioning to a specialised higher-security unit for terror suspects in London. A post mortem on Sir David has also been conducted.
A Scotland Yard spokesman said last night: 'As part of the fast-paced investigation, officers have attended three addresses in the London area and conducted searches.'
Prime Minister Boris Johnson laid flowers at the scene of the fatal stabbing yesterday along with Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer, Home Secretary Priti Patel and Commons Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle.
Witness: Attacker was 'dead behind the eyes'
An emergency worker called to the scene of Sir David Amess's death said the alleged attacker was 'dead behind the eyes'.
The anonymous witness told The Sun: 'What I saw was horrific. We knew immediately that David was dead. There was no way anyone was surviving that. It was such a savage attack. People were breaking down in tears because there was nothing anyone could do for him.
'The suspect was already in handcuffs and was sitting on the floor. He was completely dead behind the eyes, staring blankly. And he didn't say anything.'
Another witness said the alleged attacker did not book ahead to see Sir David but was ushered in from a side room by his assistant.
The source said it had been 'ad-hoc' but Sir David agreed to see him, adding: 'That's the sort of man he was. He would take bookings from people who just turned up. This person was in the room with his assistant and she saw everything. His calmness sitting by the body was unnerving.'
Conservative councillor Dan Nelson said the attacker was waiting for 40 minutes, also claiming it had not been booked ahead.
Reports say that the alleged assailant sat beside Sir David's body following the attack, and made no effort to evade police.
A Southend Tory source told The Telegraph it was 'absolutely chilling'.
The shocking attack, which came five years after the murder of MP Jo Cox, ignited fresh concerns over the protection of parliamentarians.
Sir Lindsay is preparing to launch a review of MPs' security arrangements amid complaints about a postcode lottery for MPs, with some police forces offering more support than others during their regular constituency meeting. Sir Lindsay told Channel 4 News: 'In the end, we have to ensure that democracy survives. These people don't like our values. They want to stop us carrying out our duties. They cannot win and must not win.'
His review is expected to consider calls to provide a police guard for all MPs' local surgeries as the 'only solution', along with airport-style security. But the move is likely to be resisted by some MPs.
Writing in today's Mail on Sunday, Sir Lindsay made what will be construed as a thinly veiled reference to Labour Deputy Leader Angela Rayner describing Tories as 'scum'. He says: 'The quality of political discourse has to change. The conversation has to be kinder and based on respect... The hate, which drives these attacks, has to end.'
As Westminster reverberated with shock yesterday:
Sir David's grieving family were comforting each other at the house of his wife Julia's mother, four miles from the scene, where they were too upset to comment.
A friend of Sir David's personal assistant, Julia Cushion, who witnessed the attack, said: 'She's very, very upset. She's a mess.'
Former Defence Minister Tobias Ellwood called for face-to-face meetings to be put on hold pending a security review, but Ms Patel said a balance was needed and that MPs should not be 'cowed' by terrorists;
Muslims from Southend's mosques called the murder an 'indefensible atrocity';
Somali leaders also condemned the 'senseless murder which has shocked communities across the country';
A Labour source said the party will not be standing a candidate in the by-election for Sir David's seat out of respect, and nor will the Lib Dems.
People during a candlelight vigil at Belfairs Recreation Ground near to Belfairs Methodist Church in Eastwood Road North, Leigh-on-Sea
People during a candlelight vigil at Belfairs Recreation Ground near to Belfairs Methodist Church in Eastwood Road North, Leigh-on-Sea, Essex
A much-loved MP and a proud father of five, Sir David gave away his daughter Alex, 31, in marriage just weeks ago
Blue balloons were handed out at a vigil in Southend on Saturday afternoon as constituents paid tribute
The National Police Chiefs' Council is contacting all MPs about security, while Ms Patel said she had asked all forces to review safety arrangements for MPs immediately.
She will make a statement to Parliament tomorrow.
Some MPs struck a defiant tone as they held constituency surgeries as normal yesterday. Tory MP Alec Shelbrooke met voters in a Yorkshire supermarket, and said: 'We cannot let events like this diminish the deep relationship between an MP and their constituents.'
Former Cabinet Minister David Davis said suspending public meetings with MPs would be 'a terrible reflection of what David stood for'.
Tory MP Andrew Percy told The Mail on Sunday: 'There's only so much protection you can provide to an MP who lives locally, shops locally and uses other local facilities.'
Westminster united in grief: Senior politicians lay flowers for Sir David Amess after he was killed in a frenzied knife attack
By Scarlet Howes and Mark Hookham for the Mail on Sunday
Britain's most senior politicians were united in grief yesterday as they laid flowers and paid tribute to Tory MP Sir David Amess after he was killed in a frenzied knife attack.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer, Home Secretary Priti Patel and Commons Speaker Sir Lindsay Hoyle left flowers at the church in Leigh-on-Sea, Essex, where Sir David was stabbed to death on Friday.
They joined an outpouring of emotion from Sir David's heartbroken constituents who voiced their shock at the horrific loss of the hard-working and respected MP.
Sir David, 69, was holding a constituency surgery when an assailant stormed into the Belfairs Methodist Church shortly after midday and stabbed him 17 times. He died at the scene.
A 25-year-old man – named last night as Ali Harbi Ali – was arrested on suspicion of murder when police arrived five minutes later.
Prime Minister Boris Johnson, Leader of the Labour Party Sir Keir Starmer, left, followed by Speaker of the House of Commons Lindsay Lindsey Hoyle, carry flowers as they arrive at the scene where Sir David Amess was killed
Home Secretary Priti Patel today issued a defiant message, saying the UK and its democracy 'cannot be cowed' - as Members of Parliament vowed to carry on holding face-to-face public meetings
Asked whether there could be a balance between the safety of MPs and the democratic process, Home Secretary Priti Patel (pictured) today said: 'It can be balanced, it can absolutely be balanced'
Horrified constituents waiting to see Sir David (pictured), who has campaigned to help refugees, watched in horror as he was attacked
Ms Patel yesterday issued a defiant message, saying the UK and its democracy 'cannot be cowed' – as Members of Parliament vowed to carry on holding face-to-face public meetings.
Police investigate whether David Amess was specifically targeted
Detectives are now investigating whether Sir David Amess had been specifically targeted.
Senior counter-terrorism officials were assessing whether the incident was linked to jihadist ideology due to developments in the investigation following the suspect's arrest, The Guardian reports.
Specialist counter-terrorism lawyers have been discussing the investigation with the Met Police's counter-terrorism command, who are leading the investigation.
Sir David, 69, who had been an MP since 1983, was meeting constituents at Belfairs Methodist Church in Leigh-on-Sea on Friday afternoon when he was stabbed multiple times in a frenzied attack.
The MP spoke to PR professional Richard Hillgrove to discuss the Children's Parliament, an event where youngsters are matched with MPs, soon before the attack, the Sunday Times reported.
The newspaper reported Mr Hillgrove ended the Zoom call at 12.02pm, three minutes before the married father-of-five was stabbed
Speaking at Southend police station, Ms Patel said: 'We're all struggling to come to terms with the fact that David Amess has been so cruelly taken away from all of us. He was a man of the people, he was absolutely there for everyone, he was a much loved parliamentarian.
'To me, he was a dear and loyal friend,' she added, paying tribute to his wife, Julia, and their five children. Ms Patel said the security arrangements for MPs will ensure they can 'carry on with their duties as elected democratic members'.
Earlier, the Home Secretary wiped away tears as she joined Mr Johnson, Sir Keir and Sir Lindsay in laying flowers around a tree next to the Methodist church. A note attached to Ms Patel's wreath read: 'You are in our thoughts and hearts. Rest in peace, dear David.'
Mr Johnson left a bouquet of white flowers with a note that read: 'To the memory of Sir David Amess MP, a fine parliamentarian and a much loved colleague and friend.'
The appalling attack was witnessed by Sir David's personal assistant Julie Cushion, 59, and his parliamentary case-worker Rebecca Hayton. Southend councillor John Lamb said: 'The two women are traumatised. Julie was outside the office and heard a scream so she ran in and saw David on the floor. The scream was Rebecca.'
Ms Cushion's friend Stephen Aylan, a former councillor, said: 'She's very, very upset. She's a mess.' PR executive Richard Hillgrove spoke to Mr Amess on a Zoom call just minutes before he was stabbed, according to The Sunday Times.
The pair discussed the Children's Parliament, an event where children are matched with MPs to debate the important issues of the day. Mr Hillgrove, whose 11-year-old daughter Lola had been matched with Mr Amess, says their call ended at 12.02pm, so Mr Amess could host his constituency surgery at the church.
By 12.05pm, the MP had been fatally stabbed and minutes later, Mr Hillgrove saw reports of the attack on the television.
'I didn't even realise it was Sir David at first,' he said. 'I was absolutely horrified, every minute… seemed like an hour, the longer it went, the more concerning it got.'
Sir David's close family were last night believed to be comforting each other at his mother-in-law's home, which is four miles from where he was killed. The MP's second cousins joined other well-wishers in laying floral tributes at the scene of his death, describing him as 'a great man, husband, father and member of our family'.
David Amess says his family 'pay big price' for being an MP in unearthed clip
Sir David Amess said his family 'paid a big price' for him being an MP in a 10-year-old clip that has now been unearthed.
The politician had made the comments in an amateur documentary filmed by sixth-form pupil Alex Bright for an A-level project in 2011.
Sir David told the youngster that the 'impact on one's private life' of being a politician was 'very, very tough indeed', The Mirror reports.
Alex, who went on to work closely with Sir David as a councillor, said that the quote 'really stood out, looking back on what has just happened'.
Alex added: 'He was kind enough to let me interview him and talk about the role of an MP, what's demanded of an MP and what's expected of an MP. He really cared.
'This feels so surreal, like a nightmare. Sir David was such a nice and gentle person, you can't fathom why anyone would do this.'
Cousins Moira and Pat wrote: 'Thinking of your lovely family. Can't believe this has actually happened. Will always love you.'
Constituent Erica Keane, who also laid flowers for Sir David, said: 'My heart is broken for his family and for his children and for Southend, which we love dearly. He was everywhere and he was Southend.'
Last night, more than 100 people gathered at a candle-lit vigil at Belfairs Sports Ground in Leigh-on-Sea and took it in turns to pay tribute to the MP.
Andy Wilkins, 21, the chairman of Southend West Young Conservatives, said: 'I had a meeting with him for half an hour yesterday. We spoke about plans for next year. I left 40 minutes before it happened. I am shocked. Words can't describe how much of an inspiration he was to me as a mentor.'
One woman – who was too upset to give her name – said: 'I work on the children's ward at Southend Hospital. He used to come every Christmas and dress up as Santa.'
Local independent councillor Keith Evans said: 'He was amazingly hard-working. He always rolled his sleeves up and got the job done.'
At an earlier vigil at Southend's Civic Centre, well-wishers released blue balloons. Knighted for public service in 2015, Sir David was a tireless campaigner on issues ranging from Brexit to animal welfare and marine conservation.
Stanley Johnson, the Prime Minister's father and a friend of Sir David, recalled seeing him at a meeting he hosted for the Conservative Animal Welfare Association at the Tory party conference earlier this month. 'He talked about the important links between animal welfare, nature protection and the big challenges that we are facing at the moment.
'Sir David was absolutely fundamental and has been for many years in the Conservative Party and in Parliament in pushing the animal welfare agenda.'
James Duddridge, the MP for Rochford and Southend East – a neighbouring constituency of Sir David's – said: 'He touched so many lives and in many ways was a benchmark MP in terms of his constituency work that we all aspire to.'
Southend mosques condemn 'indefensible atrocity'
By Abul Taher and Jake Ryan for the Mail on Sunday
The fatal stabbing of MP Sir David Amess has been condemned as an 'indefensible atrocity' by mosques in Southend.
Faith leaders said that the father of five was an 'upstanding friend to our Muslim community' and attended key events, including weddings, mosque openings and the launch of the town's first Muslim Scout group.
In a statement published on the Essex Jamme Masjid website, on behalf of 'all Southend mosques', they said their thoughts and prayers were with Sir David's family, friends and colleagues.
Shocked members of the town's Muslim community gathered near the scene of Sir David's death to lay flowers in tribute to the MP for Southend West
The fatal stabbing of MP Sir David Amess has been condemned as an 'indefensible atrocity' by mosques in Southend
'I can't believe someone from this road could be linked to such horror'
Suspect Ali Harbi Ali lives on a sought-after North London street.
Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer, who yesterday laid a wreath for Sir David Amess at the scene of his murder in Leigh-on-Sea, lives just streets away in trendy Kentish Town.
He is also the MP for the area where Ali lives with his father in their council-owned flat. The road, populated with Victorian terrace houses, most of which have three storeys, is described as 'vibrant' and 'close knit'. It lies in the London Borough of Camden.
A 1959 film called Sapphire, about the murder of a young woman and exposing deep racial tensions in the capital, starring Fenella Fielding, was set in the street. It has been alive with police activity since Friday when police arrived to search the property. Residents reported seeing teams of officers, some wearing gloves, moving in and out of the house during Friday and yesterday.
'Sir David's murder was an indefensible atrocity, committed on the grounds of a place of worship and we condemn it in the strongest possible terms,' the statement said.
'This act was committed in the name of blind hatred and we look forward to the perpetrator being brought to justice,' it added.
Scotland Yard said early investigations had revealed 'a potential motivation linked to Islamist extremism'.
Shocked members of the town's Muslim community gathered near the scene of Sir David's death to lay flowers in tribute to the MP for Southend West.
Ruhul Shamsuddin, joint secretary of Essex Jamme Masjid, described the MP as a 'tremendous force for good and pillar of support for our community'.
'This was senseless violence against a truly wonderful man,' he added.
Iftikhar Ul Haq, Imam at UKIM Southend Mosque, said Sir David was 'always reachable', adding: 'He showed great compassion for communities and always was there to offer support.'
Last night, Somali leaders in the UK condemned the murder after reports emerged that a member of their community may be the alleged attacker. A 25-year-old man was being questioned by police.
The Council of Somali Organisations said in a statement: 'We condemn the brutal murder of Sir David Amess MP.
'This was a senseless murder which has shocked British communities across the country.
'We are shocked and saddened by the senseless violence perpetrated upon an innocent Member of Parliament. Our thoughts and prayers are with Sir David Amess's family, loved ones and anyone who has been affected by this callous act.'
The organisation's director, Kahiye Alim, said: 'I send my deepest condolences to the family and loved ones of Sir David Amess MP.
'His life was one of service to others and we will remember his legacy as one of empowerment and community building.
'We utterly condemn this brutal murder, which is an affront to all of our values and our democratic society itself.'
An Iranian opposition group paid tribute to Sir David, describing him as a 'human rights champion' and an 'enemy of many dictators'.
Hossein Abedini was among several members of the National Council of Resistance of Iran who laid flowers yesterday.
David Amess murder suspect lives on sought-after North London street which used to be home to actor
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Top magical entertainment - magician for hire for your nottingham event. Close up magician, table magician or shows.


To create your own custom fieldguide, to select individual guides based on titles, authors, topics, levels, teaching uses and more, visit our website at http://fieldguides.heinemann.com. Once there, you will also find free sample guides, suggestions for using the guides in a reading workshop, and information about creating your own specialized classroom library!
Here's a resource like no other. Noted teacher/author Lucy Calkins and a team from The Teachers College Reading and Writing Project Community have created the most comprehensive and accessible leveled lists and guides for nearly 1,200 children's trade books for kindergarten through sixth grade. Their purpose: to help teachers build state-of-the-art classroom libraries, using guides exactly tailored to the classrooms in which they teach.
A Field Guide to the Classroom Library is the result of the efforts of hundreds of teachers who pooled their knowledge of children's books. Their selections are not simply book lists-each guide is packed with practical information, including book summaries, literary insights, and teaching ideas. Put the recommended books together and the resulting libraries are far richer than any one teacher could achieve working on his or her own.
In Field Guide A (Kindergarten), learn about the core books the authors regard as essential, approximately 150 for this level. Then consider for your library any of an additional six modules of books, each module representing a category, for example, nonfiction. The authors have leveled about sixty percent of these books, leaving room for teachers and/or students to choose appropriate books by comparison with leveled titles.
Use this Field Guide to create a classroom library with books that spark students' interests and match their passions. Then see how much easier it becomes to teach them to read-to teach them what they need to become powerful, knowledgeable, and literate people.
LUCY CALKINS is founding director of the Teachers College Writing Project, a coalition of teachers, teacher-administrators, professors and writers, which provides professional sustenance and hope--roots and wings--to literacy educators across the country. Her celebrated Heinemann publications include: Lessons From a Child (1983),Living Between the Lines (with Shelley Harwayne, 1990), and The Art of Teaching Writing (1986,1994). Ms. Calkins has also developed The Writing Workshop videotape (produced by Shelley Harwayne and Alex Mitchell) and has written The Writing Workshop (with Shelley Harwayne, 1987) to accompany the videotape. Lucy Calkins is an active participant in Heinemann's Professional Development Services through Heinemann Workshops.


A rare electric blue lobster was found on Prince Edward Island's north shore on Wednesday. The Globe and Mail reports that Blair Doucette, the fisherman who caught the electric blue lobster, will donate it to a local aquarium. You can see a good photograph of the blue lobster here on CBC. CBC says only one in four million lobsters is blue. The unusual coloring is the result of a genetic mutation.


text:
Code Simplicity
@mkanat Follow
Specific Solutions
So, I'm a huge Kyle XY fan, and I was entertaining myself this morning by watching the various "behind the scenes" clips that they have on the website. Of course, before each clip was an ad–the same ad every time–for The Sims. No matter how silly the ad may be, being forced to watch it over and over did eventually get me thinking–although not about buying The Sims:
Why has The Sims sold 100 million copies, while Second Life, an ostensibly much more flexible and powerful universe, only has about 2 million active users? They look pretty similar, and you might guess at first glance that they'd have somewhat similar audiences. But, although 2 million users is nothing to scoff at, 100 million absolutely trounces it. So why the big difference?
Well, of course, The Sims has EA Games behind them, who have a massive distribution channel and a lot of marketing power, but the Internet buzz and general promotion of Second Life is pretty good too, so although EA has the edge, that doesn't explain a 50-to-1 difference in sales. There must be something actually different about the products themselves.
Well, at first glance, The Sims is very user-friendly and Second Life is (from what I've heard) hard to use. The Sims does a limited scope of things very well, and Second Life does an unlimited number of things through a difficult interface, with mediocre results.
But fundamentally, why is it that products like The Sims succeed so much more than things like Second Life? And why does The Sims have a better interface, why do people want to play The Sims more than they want to play Second Life? Well:
It's easy to make a system that does something specific, and hard to make a system that does everything.
When something is easy to make, you can spend a lot more time focusing on the little details–the polish. When something is hard to make, you spend all your efforts just making it work, and there's no time left to sand off the rough edges. Specific solutions allow you to handle a problem with a level of grace, efficiency, and quality that could never be achieved by a generic, do-it-all solution.
A great example is the Colossus computer, built in 1943 to break encrypted German radio messages in World War II. That was all the Colossus did–it was fundamentally incapable of doing any other task. However, it would have taken a 5 MHz general-purpose computer to break that code at the same rate as the Colossus–a level of speed that desktop computers didn't reach until the 1970's, 30 years later.
This is something that I have been trying to get across to programmers for quite some time–you don't need to solve all the world's problems with one piece of code, you only need to solve the problem you're solving. Whether you're designing a whole system or just a tiny piece, your code doesn't need to do any more than is called for by the known requirements. Sure, keep it extendable for the future–that's part of making a quality solution. But all solutions should be specific solutions to known problems.
The Sims satisfies a specific, known need–the desire of people to play out specific types of fantasy lives. It succeeds because it's not infinitely flexible. Second Life is a nightmare of complexity because it tries to be "everything to everyone"–a situation in which you almost always end up being not enough to anyone.
When people have problems with complexities or confusions in their software, I encourage them to be The Sims. Be Notepad. Be the Google main page. Don't try to anticipate every need in the world, just solve the ones you know exist. Everything tends to fall into place when you really know your requirements and just go to solve them.
-Max
4 Responses to Specific Solutions
Completely agreed. As many times as I've really, really tried to get into Second Life, I have completely failed because of how the game itself feels. It is an amazing thing, and I really wish I could get into it, but I just haven't been able to.
EA has its share of problems, but they seem to generally understand how to make a product that appeals to people and accomplish what it sets out to do.
I'm somewhat worried about Spore. :|
Kim Sullivan says:
I've never played either of them, but I'm under the general impression that you can actually -play- Sims (the characters act somewhat independently), whereas you have to do everything in SL yourself. I never really thought about SL as a game. Although it is, but more in the table-top roll-your-dice RPG genre, where you have some basic rules, but the game is made by the game master and players. But you can "play" like that with almost any software. If The Sims were like a computer game of tic-tac-toe, then Second Life is like The Gimp – it has everything for you to play a game of tic tac toe (oh, the joy of implementing image recognition in script-fu), but it's not a game, it's a scriptable image editing program.
But generally, I agree with your article – the KISS principle still holds true 😀
Synonymous says:
"The Sims" is a Game
"Second Life" is a Chatroom
Ape says:
And how.


text:
Q: Referencing Multiple Sheets with large sets of Data I am fairly new to VBA and having some general obstacles with basic syntax. I am using the below code to trim leading spaces and color code an ActiveSheet I am currently working on.
I have another Worksheet called "Country" that I would like to apply the same logic to the current sheet I am using. I am also having difficulties using the most efficient code to find any cells with values of "AcctTotal" , " CurrTotal" and " BravoTotal" (there are about 14,000 rows of data). I am currently highlighting the whole spreadsheet and utilizing "UsedRange" to find these cells.
To sum it up:
I would like to trim leading spaces and color code any values of "AcctTotal" , " CurrTotal" and " BravoTotal" in two worksheets: "Currency" and "Country"
Sub ColorCodeCurrency()
Dim r As Range
For Each r In Selection
    If r.Value = " AcctTotal" Then
        r.Value = LTrim(r.Value)
        Intersect(r.EntireRow, ActiveSheet.UsedRange).Interior.ColorIndex = 15
    End If
Next r

Dim s As Range
For Each s In Selection
    If s.Value = " CurrTotal" Then
        s.Value = LTrim(s.Value)
        Intersect(s.EntireRow, ActiveSheet.UsedRange).Interior.ColorIndex = 40
    End If
Next s

Dim t As Range
For Each t In Selection
    If t.Value = " BravoTotal" Then
        t.Value = LTrim(t.Value)
        Intersect(t.EntireRow, ActiveSheet.UsedRange).Interior.ColorIndex = 35
    End If
Next t

End Sub

A: Most of the problem is that you're doing the same thing three times.  The 'For Each' statement is going through every cell three times.  If you joined it into
    for each r in selection
 if r.value ="AcctTotal" then
'do something
elseif r.value = "CurrTotal" then
'do something else
elseif r.value = "BravoTotal" then
'do the third thing
end if

A: In addition to what Maudise said, when you refer to your data, you can use syntax like:
Sheets("Country").Range("A1:E14000")

If it's possible to make changes to your source data, you may find it helpful to format it as a table for easy reference. Use the Name Manager to give the table a useful name. Then, you can say something like:
For Each r In Sheets("Country").Range("CountryTable")

A: You could try this way:
Public Sub ColorCode ()

Dim i As Integer, j As Integer, m As Integer, n As Integer

i = Range("A:A").End(xlDown).Row
j = Cells.End(xlToRight).Column

For m = 1 To i
    For n = 1 To j
        If Cells(m, n).Value < 50 Then
            Cells(m, n).Interior.ColorIndex = 13
        End If
    Next n
Next m
End Sub

One solution is to call this code placed in a module into "This workbook" in "Private Sub Workbook_Open()".


text:
Rubin Andre Carter (né le  à Denver au Colorado) est un joueur de football américain évoluant au poste de defensive end ainsi que linebacker, qui a joué dans la National Football League (NFL).

Au niveau universitaire, il a joué pour l'université de Californie à Berkeley, et est unanimement déclaré All-American en 2000. Les 49ers de San Francisco le sélectionnent en septième position lors de la draft 2001 de la NFL. Il a également joué pour les Redskins de Washington, les Patriots de la Nouvelle-Angleterre et les Raiders d'Oakland. Il est actuellement entraîneur pour les Dolphins de Miami.

Biographie

Jeunesse
Carter est né à Denver dans le Colorado. Il fréquente l'Oak Grove High School à San Jose, en Californie. En tant que senior, il est sélectionné pour l'équipe All-American du lycée par USA Today, qui regroupe les meilleurs joueurs lycéens du pays, ainsi que . Il est également considéré comme le meilleur joueur de ligne défensive et .

Carrière universitaire
Carter fréquente l'Université de Californie à Berkeley et joue pour l'équipe universitaire, les Golden Bears de 1997 à 2000. Au cours de sa troisième et quatrième année, il fait partie de la première équipe All-Pac-10. En tant que senior en 2000, il remporte le Trophée Morris, décerné par la Pac-10 au meilleur joueur de ligne défensive. Il est aussi reconnu par une décision unanime membre de la première équipe All-American. En plus d'être sélectionnée comme le MVP des Golden Bears, Carter est également finaliste pour le trophée Bronko-Nagurski remis au meilleur joueur défensif national.

Carrière professionnelle

49ers de San Francisco
Carter est sélectionné par les 49ers de San Francisco au premier tour de la draft 2001 de la NFL en septième position. Puisque l'entraîneur principal des 49ers, Mike Nolan, utilise une défense 3-4, Carter est déplacé au poste de outside linebacker. En jouant pour les 49ers durant cinq saisons, il réalise 154 plaquages en solo, 32 sacks et 12 déviations de passes en 69 matchs.

Redskins de Washington

Le , Carter signe un contrat de six ans pour 30 millions de dollars avec les Redskins de Washington comme agent libre sans restriction. Les Redskins déplacent Carter comme defensive end, sa position naturelle. Durant sa première année avec les Redskins, il a un total de 56 plaquages et six sacks. Il montre une grande amélioration en 2007, avec 55 plaquages, 10,5 sacks et 4 fumbles forcés. Il marque aussi un safety (2 points) lors de la victoire 34-3 sur les Lions de Détroit. La meilleure saison de Carter en tant que joueur des Redskins vient en 2009 lorsqu'il totalise 11 sacks. Cependant, en 2010, les Redskins engagent un nouvel entraîneur, Mike Shanahan, qui change leur défense 4-3 pour une défense 3-4, et qui exige que Carter joue en tant que linebacker comme durant ses années avec les 49ers. Il est libéré par les Redskins le .

Les Patriots et les Raiders
Carter a annoncé sur son compte Twitter le  qu'il jouera pour les Patriots de la Nouvelle-Angleterre. Cela est confirmé plus tard par les informateurs Ian Rapoport du Boston Herald et Michael Lombardi de la NFL Network. Selon Rapoport, Carter signe un contrat d'un an avec un salaire de base de 1,75 million de dollars. Il reçoit également une prime de  dollars à la signature et la possibilité de gagner  de plus en primes, donnant au contrat une valeur de 2,75 millions de dollars. Le , Carter joue le match de sa carrière contre les Jets de New York, enregistrant quatre sacks, égalant ainsi le record d'équipe sur le nombre de sacks en un seul match. Le , pendant un match contre les Broncos de Denver, Carter se déchire le tendon du quadriceps gauche et rate le reste de la saison régulière 2011 ainsi que les séries éliminatoires après avoir subi une chirurgie. En dépit d'être blessé, Carter est l'un des huit joueurs des Patriots honorés par une sélection au Pro Bowl 2012.

Le , les Raiders d'Oakland annoncent la signature de Carter. Le , Carter re-signe avec les Raiders pour un an, mais est libéré le .

Carter retourne avec les Patriots le  pour ajouter une présence vétérane à la brigade défensive qui a perdu Vince Wilfork et Jerod Mayo sur blessures jusqu'à la fin de la saison.

Après-carriere
En , il revient en Californie comme étudiant de premier cycle assistant Le , Carter est embauché par les Dolphins de Miami comme assistant entraîneur de la ligne défensive..

Vie personnelle
Carter est le fils de Rubin Carter, qui a joué comme defensive tackle pour les Broncos de Denver. Il a une femme, Bethany, et deux enfants : sa belle-fille, Aysha, né en 1993, et un fils, Quincy, né en 2007. Son prénom lui a été donné par son père qui l'a nommé d'après son ami et coéquipier Andre Townsend.

Statistiques NFL

Références

Liens externes

 Raiders d'Oakland bio
 Les New England Patriots bio
 California Golden Bears bio

Naissance en mai 1979
Naissance à Denver
Joueur américain de football américain
Defensive end
Linebacker
Joueur de football américain des Golden Bears de la Californie
Choix de draft des 49ers de San Francisco
Joueur des Patriots de la Nouvelle-Angleterre
Joueur des Raiders d'Oakland
Joueur des 49ers de San Francisco
Joueur des Redskins de Washington
Joueur sélectionné au Pro Bowl

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
University of Iowa Research Council
As stipulated in the operations manual, the Research Council is charged to
Advise in the formulation, review and application of policy and guidelines for University research and its funding both from within and without the University;
Advise in developing methods for informing University members about research opportunities and for stimulating, evaluating and rewarding good research;
The Research Council met eight times in AY 2005/2006. Specifically, the council met on 9/19/05, 10/10/05, 11/09/05, 12/08/05, 1/19/06, 2/16/06, 3/23/06 and 5/11/06. A summary of some of the events and discussions are given below. The details of each of these issues can be found in the minutes on the Research Council website.
At the first meeting a Publication Waiver Sub-committee was formed to review requests from researchers throughout the year (sub-committee members: Johna Leddy, Michael Flatte and Richard Hichwa).
In a later meeting, Research Council formed a second sub-committee to review four of the Internal Funding Initiatives (BSFP, MPSFP, SSFP and IREU). The subcommittee (Vicki Grassian, Johna Leddy, Michael Chibnik, Jeffrey Denburg and Michael MacKay) prepared a report that was shared with the entire council on the last meeting of the year and presented to Vice President Hay. View the report of the review of the four IFIs.
As chair of Research Council, Vicki Grassian was asked to Chair a task force to advise the Vice President Meredith Hay and Dean Keller on the issue of shared credit and interdisciplinary research.
RC members were asked to serve as liaison to the internal funding initiatives review process. The liaisons for this year were George Malanson – SSFP; Alan Sener – AHI; Jeffrey Denburg – BSFP; Johna Leddy – MPSFP; and Michael Flatté – IREU.Vice President Meredith Hay regularly updated RC on the activities of the office and asked the opinion of RC members on issues related to activities of the office including the job description for the new Associate Vice Presidents for Research in the Arts and Humanities and the Associate Vice President for Research in the Mathematical, Physical and Biological Sciences.
RC members participated in interviews for the three new Associate Vice President for Research Positions (AVP in the Arts and Humanities, AVP in the Mathematical, Physical and Biological Sciences and AVP in Economic Development).
Research Council met with Dean John Keller to discuss graduate student stipends.
Research Council met with Pam York, Executive Director for University of Iowa Research Foundation (UIRF), who prepared a presentation for Research Council on the activities of UIRF
Research Council met with Provost Michael Hogan to discuss issues related to the Strategic Plan – The Iowa Promise as well as faculty and staff compensation.
Research Council met with Dr. Richard Kerber, Chair of the Committee to Review the Office of the Vice President. He discussed the ongoing review and gave an overview of the process involved.
Research Council met with several other individuals including Jack Lillian (DEO, Biological Sciences), Jane Holland (Human Resources, Organizational Effectiveness), John Nelson (Director of Honors Program), Bob Kirby (Assistant Director of Honors Program) David Wynes (Assistant Vice President for Research and the Director of Research Services Administration) and Steve Fleagle (Associate Vice President and Chief Information Officer). These individuals shared important information with Research Council on issues related to undergraduate research (Nelson and Kirby), research computing on campus (Fleagle and Boyd), animal care (Wynes), staff surveys (Holland) and an overview of the current review of the biological and natural sciences on campus (Lillian).
In summary, the year was a productive one for Research Council and included overseeing the preparation of two written reports (shared credit task force report and review of IFIs) for the VPR.
Finally, Research Council would like to thank the entire staff of the OVPR for their facilitation of scheduling meetings, interacting with RC members and in providing administrative support. The Research Council Chair would especially like to thank Cheryl Reardon for her guidance and administrative help over the past year. Research Council would also like to thank Vice President for Research Meredith Hay for an exciting first year on the job that included developing several new positions in the office and starting a number of new initiatives.
Respectively Submitted on Behalf of Research Council,
Vicki H. Grassian,
Chair, Research Council


You're all beautiful, my attractive attention whores. That's Lady Gaga's general message, yes? It's in her mission statement? I'd like to say Weird Al is attractive in this parody of Gaga's "Born This Way," but I find myself wishing he had gone full drag instead of CGI.
Finally, enjoy the sheer claire de lunacy of this American Apparel ad. I hate American Apparel, but I can't resist some well-executed DeBussy and a tiny, slow-mo breakdancer.
Joanna Robinson's gob is still a little smacked over that Beautiful People dating site. Is she naive? Shhhh, don't burst her bubble.


Definition - What does Java Database Connectivity Architecture (JDBC Architecture) mean?
Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) architecture is an API specifying interfaces for accessing relational databases. JDBC helps to connect to a database, send queries and updates to the database, and retrieve and process the results obtained from the database for queries.
JDBC is a core part of the Java platform and is an API specification developed by Sun Microsystems. The JDBC architecture supports two-tier and three-tier processing models for accessing a database.
In the two-tier model, a Java applet or application communicates directly to the data source. The JDBC driver enables communication between the application and the data source. When a user sends a query to the data source, the answers for those queries are sent back to the user in the form of results. The data source may not always be a single machine located at a single place. It can be located on a different machine on a network to which a user is connected. This is known as a client/server configuration, where the user's machine acts as a client and the machine having the data source running acts as the server. The network connection can be intranet or Internet.
In the three-tier model, the user's commands or queries are sent to middle-tier services, from which the commands are again sent to the data source. The results are sent back to the middle tier, and from there to the user. This type of model is found very useful by management information system directors, as it makes it simple to maintain access control and make updates to corporate data. Application deployment also becomes easy and provides performance benefits. The middle tier is usually written in C or C++.
The JDBC driver manager is a traditional backbone of the JDBC architecture, which specifies objects for connecting Java applications to a JDBC driver. The JDBC Test Suite helps to ensure that the JDBC drivers will run the program. The JDBC-ODBC Bridge software offers JDBC access via the open database connectivity drivers.


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110 Fitness Launches App For Individuals With Parkinson's Disease
110 Fitness, located in Rockland, has launched a fitness app designed for people with Parkinson's Disease.
The 110 Fitness app, offers 18 fitness and wellness categories (including live classes!). Classes include boxing, drumming, kickboxing, meditation, cycling, rowing, speedball, strength, SpinPoi, stretching, tabata, tai chi, vocal work, and yoga. Additionally, the app offers programs such as PARTE (Parkinson's Art of Expression), which utilizes the techniques of theatre to target the motor and non-motor skills affected by Parkinson's, as well as PWR!Moves, a Parkinson's Disease specific skill training program to maintain or restore skills that deteriorate and interfere with everyday movements. The app also offers a guest speaker series.
Brett Miller, owner of 110 Fitness and physical therapist, wanted to create a platform that could reach people worldwide including those who may not have access to a Parkinson's wellness center in their area. The idea for the app came from 110 Studio's virtual classes on YouTube to keep individuals with Parkinson's Disease moving despite the COVID-19 pandemic as certain exercise programs are clinically proven to decrease or the delay the progression of Parkinson's symptoms.
"We took swift action early on to keep this population moving because we knew we'd see severe deterioration if they stopped moving," said Miller. "We initially started these videos for our members who could not come into our facility but found that we were reaching individuals with Parkinson's across the globe. Dozens of participants have expressed their gratitude for our virtual programming because they didn't have access to a center like ours in their area."
The 110 Fitness app is available to download from the app store on your Apple or Android device. For more information, email bmiller@110fitness.org or call 781 616 3313.