text:
Impact Comeback?
It wasn't long ago that I officially took my heart back from Impact Wrestling (then TNA). It was during this time in which Dixie Carter and crew had been taking the loyalty of it's fans for granted, and really, doing one of the greatest disservices in pro wrestling history when it came to the potential and positioning of the company.
Regardless, here we are with yet another chapter of this company (2nd under this new ownership). Yet, in an intriguing way, this new era is easily my favorite in the company's history since, well, maybe that 2002-2006 run when it provided an alternative to the mega giant that is Vince and friends.
Of course, and obviously, nothing is more evident of how things have been on the upswing than the awesomeness that was Slammiversary and the praise it received around the wrestling world. Even the hardest and most cynical of fans in the deepest and darkest areas of the wrestling community that resides online were at the very least complimentary. Even Deadspin decided to show some love.
So yeah, things are different. Especially when I look back and I read my words on giving up on TNA back in 2016. Things have swung so far that even the days of GFW sayings, bright green ropes, and random Garza Jr. #1 contender matches seem like a distant memory. Well maybe not that far of. Let's try to forget those. But it's been far enough and consistent enough to begin again with a consumer buy-in, if you, like me, divorced yourself completely from this company.
Since Ed Nordholm has handed the keys to the vintage car in the garage to Scott D'Amore and Don Callis (so to speak), they've done the equivalent analogy of removing cheesy decals, cheap parts, and unnecessary unconventional adjustments. D'Amore and Callis have kept things simple, and really, have just allowed the talent to shine with solid support in many areas.
With that said, here are a few aspects I've found to be huge turning points for me within the company's product:
MAKING A WEEKLY IMPACT!
Over the past three months, I've really looked forward to every episode of Impact. It's been a riveting product that feels fresh, action packed, innovative, and most needed in today's wrestling space - important. There are just too many products today that you can miss weekly television and simply tune into the larger scale events. Yes, things feel that mundane.
Every IMPACT has felt important from the standpoint of having new characters developed, storylines progressed, or an entertaining match that keeps you from pressing the fast forward button on your entertainment remote. In a nut shell, things happen. Imagine that, things actually happen!
It sounds ridiculous, but that has become a begging cry - at least from this fan - from pro wrestling companies. I'll never forget when IMPACT opened up the broadcast with a wrestling match and NOT the 10-15 minute in-ring promo which has become so formulaic in wrestling show formatting. Whoa! Wrestling? Imagine that!
IMPACT these days tells the audience what to expect, gives them what they were expecting, tells them what they just saw, and ultimately, gives them what to expect the following week.
In 2018, when it comes to weekly wrestling television products, IMPACT has indeed been the most compelling and consistent. That's real talk.
If you saw Slammiversary, what made that event for me was in fact the epic in-ring performances from the top of the show to the closing fade. Even with it's flaws - intentional or not - great matches were always something fans could expect back in it's hey day.
At some point, TNA became over reliant on referee bumps, pointless swerves, overuse of gimmick matches and all sorts of illogical finishes that hurt the overall product.
What we're getting these days is simple - great wrestling and a clear winner. It sounds so elementary, but much like everything else, it's been a breath of fresh air.
I've really enjoyed the concept of babyfaces losing clean. It sounds weird, but it legitimizes everything, and really adds a dimension to the babyface, another layer to the heel (if they won) and really, a depth to the storyline arc at play.
And that's the thing, as we're talking about this, if you're in that booking room, it's easy to go down the rabbit hole of 'well, we're gonna be sending people home unhappy because the heel's up, maybe we should do a screw finish' and when Scott and I came here in January, one of the things that we both felt very strongly about is clean finishes. Clean finishes and if people don't wanna do jobs, we're happy to have a discussion. But then that's just not gonna work here. My thing last night was, and even yesterday we're talking like 'well maybe we should have the thing' and I'm like 'No. He's the best wrestler in the world. He beat the guy with his finish. It's an athletic contest. There's nothing wrong with that. It's a great match that people will be happy to see.
-Don Callis
In 2018, wrestling fans don't want to be insulted - I truly believe that.
BYE, BYE, ORLANDO
This one is easy, right? Get your product in front of fans who not only paid and desire to be around your product. But also, move the product to keep it fresh in front of various crowds.
Nothing against Orlando and Universal Studios, because archives can and will show you some awesome moments that derived from Impact Wrestling's time there, but...it was time to move on.
The new crowds have made for a much livelier and energetic product for the viewer, and even that statement may be an understatement.
But truthfully, getting an honest feedback from fans is the best part about it all.
One of my favorite things about this regime has been the overall presentation of the company in various facets. For starters, there is a website that is representative of 2018 standards. The bar was that low. Their social media presence has also been tremendous. Shout out to Garrett Kidney, who has become quite the cult-like favorite amongst the internet, and once, was a fellow contributor over at IMPACT ASYLUM.
The graphics have been phenomenal, the video packages have done it's job, and even the appearance within the facility they have been using are impressive.
Yet my favorite has been the attention to subtle things such as theme songs, entrances, and overall flow of the show. The previous regime had a terrible habit of moving on too quickly to the next segment, or cutting back to the ring with competitors already there in such hastiness that it didn't make anything feel important, or just made it flat out hard to remember any key moments.
The time given to entrances, to matches, to promos, and overall, the post-match happenings and replays, gives an emphasis on the match itself, and allows for many of the wrestlers to develop characters.
In fact, IMPACT, in it's almost-two-decade-long run hasn't produced many wrestlers with a memorable entrance - something that is in fact a part of wrestling persona and fandom.
An example of this has been Su Yung. While Yung is indeed an entertaining in-ring performer, her overall demeanor and aura from her entrance with the undead bridesmaids, the smoke, and the eerie music, adds an element that makes her a desirable character to the program.
It's been a subtle change, but as a viewer, for the first time in forever (yes, que the song from Frozen), I'm in-tune with the theme music, entrances, and overall character packages of those on the show. I'm aware and connected to it all.
The same can be said with the promos of the wrestlers which add to the authenticity of their developing individuality.
Someone asked me like a week ago, 'well do you write promos for guys?' I'm like, 'No'. Then they're like, 'Yeah, but you're a great promo'. I'm like, 'Yeah, I can do a Don Callis promo better than anyone in this business. But if I start telling Eddie Edwards how to do a promo, he might sound a lot like Don Callis but that's not what we want!' I think it really is about the promo thing is about getting people comfortable with themselves and we're in a business where a lot of people come into this business not comfortable in their own skin. And now we're telling them, 'be this whole another character'.
- Don Callis
Again, presentation is everything, and most of the acts on IMPACT feel different, and have individuality.
UNDENIABLE
And finally, I'm obviously playing favorites on this, but I'll admit it - I'm a huuuuuuuuge Tessa Blanchard fan. I don't always throw out my validation and stamp on wrestlers, but Tessa Blanchard is legit. Like, so incredibly legit. Barring unforeseen issues, her future is bright.
Ultimately, as someone who as watched this company since it's inception in 2002, I'm forever going to be interested in it's developments as long as it's in business. While I'm not ready to completely dive in to be a mega fan, especially in the ever-evolving wrestling space that has turned upside down in 2018, IMPACT Wrestling might be my favorite thing in pro wrestling again.
My only hope is that it can retain that consistency. And if it does, hey, maybe I'll pen that official comeback letter.
SummerSlam Weekend Review: Too Damn Long
Dear Son, Back to Work


Best Fabric For Shower Curtains - Shower curtains were created to prevent a flood from happening in the restroom and to supply privacy for the one. The drapes normally encircle the interior of the tub. A rod at the top of the tub or shower enclosure suspends these drapes. The drapes are usually first thing that attracts attention when going into a toilet.
You will discover shower curtains to match that theme, when you own a theme in your decorating. Should you own a seashore theme or fish you can get shower curtains to sand dollars or them with fish. It's possible for you to go with only a plain color also if your wallpaper is more busy then you may indeed want a plain coloured shower curtain.
This can be your next choice in what type of material you want in your bathroom. A vinyl shower curtain could be wiped off and cleaned readily also. The vinyl shower curtains do not need much attention so should you not want much maintenance then this kind of curtain is for you personally. You do possess the choice to utilize cloth as the shower curtain that is outside although that is the wisest choice to get a lining.
Using cloth for the outside shower curtain allows you to finish the look of your bathroom. This curtain can match your window drapes and any other decorations that you have in your bathroom. A cloth curtain however does need some consideration. If not taken care of such a curtain gets dusty and can mold. At least once a fabric curtain needs to be taken down and hand washed to keep down the mold and the dust bunnies away. Cloth drapes really are an excellent method so as to add sophistication to your bathroom.
Related Post "Best Fabric For Shower Curtains"


text:
Q: What is the proper way to store yes/no/unknown values for a field? I have a field which might be Yes, No, or Unknown. Should I store it as a nullable boolean? Nullable<bool> .. or is it better to create an enum. What is the proper way to do this in C#?

A: There is no "proper way", you can achieve this in at least 5 different ways. But a nullable bool is by far the most expressive for what you have and the shortest involving the least work for you. Use it.

A: Today you have a field storing Yes / No / Unknown, tomorrow you may have more or less values. Nullable<bool> is the less extensive option of the available ones while the enum give more expressiveness, is less error prone and can be extended in the future. Use it.

A: In my opinion, NULL means something else than unknown. NULL means no entry - unknown on the other hand is a deliberate entry. Because of this, I'd use an enum with the appropriate values.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home » The 10 Largest Base-Isolated Buildings in the World
BuildingsDesign
The 10 Largest Base-Isolated Buildings in the World
1. Apple Park, Cupertino, California, 445,005 square meters. Apple's new corporate headquarters is a four-story, ring-shaped building, with a circumference of 1,512 sq ft. It houses 12,000 employees and opened in April 2017. It was designed by Foster and Partners. In addition to the four floors above ground, it also includes three stories below ground. The building sits on top of 700 base isolators. Each isolator is 7 ft in diameter and weighs about 15,000 lbs. The isolators were customized for low friction, according to the lead structural engineer, John Worley, of Arup. Construction of the entire Apple Campus 2, including the headquarters building as well as a 1,000-seat auditorium (the Steve Jobs Theater), a wellness-fitness center, two R&D buildings, a visitor center and parking structures, totaled $5 billion. The building's inner part is a 30-acre park, featuring fruit trees, winding paths and a pond.
2. Adana Integrated Health Campus, Adana, Turkey, 430,000 square meters. The campus was developed as a public-private partnership between ADN PPP Sağlık Yatırım A.Ş., a joint venture of four firms, and the Turkish Ministry of Health. The campus will have a total capacity of 1,550 beds housed in three hospitals: the 1,300-bed main hospital, a 150-bed physical-therapy and rehabilitation hospital and a 100-bed high-security criminal psychiatric hospital. The campus is supported by 1,512 base isolators. The complex was designed by HWP, and built by Rönesans Sağlık Yatırım. The structural engineer was Ulker Engineering Ltd. It was completed in May, 2017.
Photo Courtesy Ronesans
3. Tokyo Skytree East Tower, Tokyo, 229,237 square meters. This mixed-use complex includes an office tower, mall and entertainment complex. An eight-story podium contains a shopping center, planetarium and theater serving millions of tourists visiting the observatories on the adjacent Tokyo Skytree tower. The office tower rises to 31 stories. The complex was designed by Nikken Sekkei and built by Obayashi Corp. It was completed in 2012.
Photo Courtesy Obayashi Corp.
4. Isparta City Hospital, Isparta, Turkey, 221,000 square meters. Akfen Holding, a Turkish conglomerate, built the hospital as part of a 25-year public private partnership with the Turkish Ministry of Health. Dost Insaat ve Proje Yonetimi A.S. served as the design-builder of the 755-bed facility, with architectural firm Yazgan Mimarlık & Hayalgucu Mimarlık J.V. Handling the design work. The base isolation system features 903 surface-friction-slider units supplied by Maurer AG. The project's structural engineer was Probi Insaat Proje Bilgi Islem Merkezi A.S. It was completed in December 2016.
Photo Courtesy Dost Construction
5. Logistics Park Hino, Tokyo, 212,853 square meters. A five-level warehouse with spiral ramps at both ends, it was designed by Obayashigumi Design Office and built by the Obayashi Corp. It was completed in 2015. It is owned by Mitsui Fudosan Co., Ltd.
False-3D Image by Google Earth. Imagery circa 2015.
6. Logiport Sagamihara, Sagamihara, Japan. 210,000 square meters. A five-level warehouse with spiral ramps at both ends, it was designed by Obayashigumi Design Office and built by the Obayashi Corp. It was completed in 2013. Sagamihara is a western suburb of Tokyo.
Photo Courtesy LaSalle Investment Management
7. Shinagawa Season Terrace, Tokyo, 205,786 square meters. An office building, it was designed by the NTT Facilities Design Office and built by Taisei Corp. It was completed in 2015.
Photo Courtesy Tokyoing
8. Sabiha Gökçen Airport International Terminal, Istanbul, 200,000 square meters. ISG, a partnership of Limak Holding (LIMAK), GMR Infrastructure Limited (GMR) and Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad (MAHB) is the operator of the airport under a 20-year build-operate-transfer agreement signed in 2008. Tasked with completing the terminal in 18 months, Limak and GMR formed a joint venture and signed an EPC contract with ISG. The building's footprint is 160 m x 272 m and includes four stories above a basement level. It can serve 16 middle-sized fuselage aircraft or eight wide-body planes simultaneously. It features seven arched bays with vaulting roofs of alternating 32-m and 48-m spans, employing space frame trusses. The superstructure is a steel moment frame, resting on 292 triple-friction-pendulum isolation bearings supplied by Earthquake Protection Systems, Inc. The structural engineer who led the seismic design for the terminal was Atila Zekioglu, of Arup. The terminal opened in 2009.
Photo Courtesy openbuildings.com
9. Erzurum Regional Research and Training Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey, 180,000 square meters. It was built by Kur Construction Co. Ltd. This 400-bed hospital is supported by 386 lead-rubber bearing isolators, which were supplied by Dynamic Isolation Systems Inc.
Rendering Courtesy Prota Engineering
10. Tan Tzu Medical Center, Tai Chung, Taiwan, 157,930 square meters. Designed by C.C. Hsu & Associates, the complex includes a four- to six-story western section, a 17-story tower, and two underground levels containing parking, storage space and a cafeteria. The 1,300-bed medical center rests on 325 lead-rubber-bearing base isolators located below the second underground level. The building also is outfitted with 88 fluid viscous dampers. The lateral-force-resisting system of the superstructure consists of steel-reinforced-concrete moment frames. The total superstructure mass resting on the base-isolation system weighs 285,600 tons. The base-isolation system was designed by KPFF consulting engineers, led by Andrew W. Taylor. Construction was completed in 2006, at which time the structure was the largest base-isolated building in the world. The project was challenging, as the building is located only 400 m from the Chelungpu fault, which ruptured in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake.
Photo Courtesy C.C. Hsu & Associates
Scott Lewis
KEYWORDS Seismic construction / World Record Construction
Base isolation is a method for moderating the effects of earthquakes on buildings. Isolator devices (either elastic or sliding) are installed between the foundation and the building superstructure. The accompanying slide show looks at the ten largest base-isolated buildings in the world, measured by total floor area.
"The use of base isolation as seismic protection for buildings, bridges and industrial facilities continues to grow, but has done so more robustly internationally than in the U.S.," says Ronald Hamburger, Senior Principal with Simpson Gumpertz & Heger, a leading seismic engineering firm.
Not surprisingly, Japan, the most seismically active country, employs it most extensively, with 4,100 base-isolated commercial and institutional buildings as of December 2015, according to the Japan Society of Seismic Isolation. "Japan looks at base isolation as a primary option," says Konrad Eriksen, President of Dynamic Isolation Systems Inc., a leading designer and manufacturer of isolators. "In the Japanese residential market, prospective condo owners will pay a premium for a base-isolated building compared to a conventional building," says Gordon Wray, associate principal at Degenkolb Engineers, another prominent seismic engineering firm.
Turkey, another very seismically active country, is also firmly committed to base-isolation methodology. Notably, it has embarked on a $13.6-billion program to build numerous large modern hospitals, most of which will be base-isolated. In addition, major bridges and viaducts have also been protected in this fashion.
One notable project under construction in Turkey is the Ikitelli Integrated Health Campus in Istanbul. The 2,330-bed main hospital building there is expected to contain 2,000 isolators. It is a public-private partnership being developed by Istanbul PPP Sağlık Yatırım A.Ş. When completed, it is expected to be the largest base-isolated building in the world.
Other countries pushing base isolation include China, New Zealand, Chile, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. In contrast, "in the U.S., seismic isolation is used relatively infrequently," according to Hamburger. "In recent years, the inaccurate perception that other structural systems, including energy-dissipated moment frames, or buckling-restrained braced frames, can provide similar protection at lower first cost has slowed the growth of this technology in the U.S."
"In the U.S., seismic resilience is taken for granted because of the recent infrequency of earthquakes and several decades of good building codes," says Wray. "Modern buildings have performed well in recent earthquakes (few collapses), although we have not yet experienced a code-level earthquake in a densely populated area in 23 years. I believe that many building owners have an expectation of operational performance, when typical code buildings are designed only to protect life-safety."
Seismic-isolation technologies fall into two categories: elastomeric and sliding systems. Elastomeric isolation systems consist of natural rubber; natural rubber with lead cores to dissipate energy; and high-damping rubber, consisting of blends of natural and synthetic compounds. Sliding systems generally include flat sliders, typically used in combination with elastomeric bearings and friction pendulum devices. Within the friction pendulum category there are a series of different designs, including the original system that employed a single curved dish and sliding element; a double pendulum, in which two curved dish surfaces are employed; and a triple pendulum employing three such surfaces. "The triple pendulum system reduces the size of the isolator while increasing its effectiveness," says Farzad Naeim, a prominent structural engineer and former president of the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
Elastomeric bearings were first used on bridges in the 1950s and were found to be an improvement over mechanical bearings, which suffered from corrosion, according to Eriksen. Friction pendulum bearings were developed in the late 1980s. "Friction pendulum bearings dominate applications in the U.S., in some other important markets like Turkey, and most applications in certain types of structures worldwide (offshore oil platforms, LNG tanks, large bridges, hospitals)," says Michael Constantinou, professor of civil, structural and environmental engineering at the State University of New York at Buffalo.
"Elastomeric systems perform best in large buildings, which have large axial loads," explains Wray. "Sliding systems perform well for both large and small axial loads (large and small buildings). The behavior of sliding systems under high-frequency vertical acceleration continues to be studied."
Deformation in a building during a large earthquake is inevitable. "Using conventional lateral force resisting systems, the deformation is distributed up the height of the building among many beams, columns, connections, braces, or shear walls," comments Wray. In comparison, "using base isolation, (nearly) all of the building deformation is concentrated at the isolation plane, limiting damage up the height of the building. The magnitude of the displacement can be predicted with more certainty than the individual deformations among hundreds or thousands of individual components of a lateral system."
"Of all the seismic protection technologies presently available, seismic isolation offers the most effective protection against damage or loss of function following strong shaking," says Hamburger. "Other structural technologies allow transmission of the motion into the structure, where its energy is dissipated either through damage to the structural elements, or through more benign energy dissipation mechanisms. Regardless, structures employing these other technologies experience greater motion and as a result more damage than do isolated structures."
The evolution and spread of base isolation is influenced by many players. "Governments have played a role in funding research to develop these technologies, including Natonal Science Foundation-funded centers such as the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research center at UC Berkeley and the Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research at the State University of New York at Buffalo," says Constantinou. "Insurance agencies (and owners) have not yet taken into consideration the reduced risk of damage for a seismically isolated structure. This may change following the work of the U.S. Resiliency Council on rating building performance."
The USRC membership includes all the major professional organizations in earthquake and structural engineering, structural engineering firms, architectural firms, contractors, and hardware and software suppliers. The USRC rating system rates buildings from one to five stars for each of three criteria: safety, damage and recovery. "While many lateral systems can provide high ratings for safety, base-isolated buildings provide the greatest opportunity to achieve high ratings for damage and recovery," says Wray.
"The USRC will certify raters and review ratings after they are submitted, similar to the USGBC's LEED ratings for sustainability," says Ronald Mayes, USRC executive director and co-founder. "The rating is a different way of specifying what an owner's performance expectations are for a building. I think it will become a powerful tool." The rating system launched in December, 2015. One building has been rated so far, with 18 more in process, according to Mayes.
"The structural engineering community in the past has done a poor job of communicating what a code-designed building delivers, as attested by the performance of modern buildings in the 2011 Christchurch New Zealand earthquake, where more than 50% of the modern buildings in the central business district delivered life-safety performance but had to be demolished after the earthquake," adds Mayes.
"The Insurance industry has done little to encourage the use of seismic isolation, and it could be said that offering an earthquake mitigation alternative to developing earthquake-resistant structures, actually provides a disincentive," says Hamburger. "The primary insurance benefit the owner of a seismically isolated structure obtains is through an ability to purchase greatly reduced levels of protection. Some owners have chosen to use base isolation as their earthquake insurance of choice, as any damage that may occur is well below current deductibles. In addition, base isolation provides business continuity, something that is very difficult to cover with insurance."
The order of the slideshow accompanying this article was updated on July 27, 2017 to reflect new information.
Recent Articles by Scott Lewis
China Firm Builds a Prominent Role in Nigeria Construction Market
With China's Help, Nigeria Builds a Vital Rail Artery
Best Small Project Under $10M: Cloud Song at Scottsdale Community College
Scott Lewis is Associate Editor of ENR
The 10 Largest-Capacity Refineries in the World
The 10 Largest Drinking-Water Treatment Plants in the World
The 10 Largest Pumped-Storage Hydropower Plants in the World
Resilient Building Design Strategies for a Changing World
Design and BIM Managers: How to Emerge on Top in a Changing Industry

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Grants & Partnerships
Yates Award
Concord Public Library
Stacey Brown
Grateful for George Geers
The Concord Public Library Foundation (CPLF) Board and staff would like to recognize and thank George Geers for his years of service to the Board. George has recently resigned after 10 years. A consistent donor and advocate of the library and its outreach to others, George served on committees that included Concord Reads and Grants and Partnerships. He proudly supported the access of literature and library services to community members.
George is the founder and publisher of Plaidswede Publishing, which specializes in New England fiction and non-fiction. He received the Academy of New England Journalist's Yankee Quill award for lifetime achievement in 2005. Prior to that, George was the editor for the Nashua Telegraph.
CPLF Board members and staff reflect on George's contributions to CPLF.
"The Concord Public Library Foundation will miss George, his wealth of knowledge and his wise counsel. He has been an important part of Foundation efforts these past many years, and I am personally very sorry to see him go but for sure wish him the very best. Many thanks, George." Ruth Perencevich, CPLF Board member
"George has been an important part of the CPLF Board for many years. His point of view in our many committee discussions has always inspired me to think more deeply about the issues presented." Karen Landsman, CPLF Past President
"George, thank you for your many years of service. Always a kind and friendly voice with the steely determination to do what is right!" - Stacey Brown, CPLF Administrative Assistant
CPLF President Reagan Bissonnette agrees. "The Concord Public Library Foundation has been fortunate to have George Geer's dedication and support. We appreciate his service on the Board and look forward to continuing his efforts to support literacy and readership in Concord."
With deep sadness we say goodbye to Becky Herrmann
It's National Library Week!
Moving Penacook Library to the new Penacook Community Center?
PO Box 3957, Concord, NH 03302-3957
info@concordlibraryfoundation.org


You can perform a lead quick search from the Dashboard of your account.
Click on the four-square icon next to your circle profile icon.
Type keyword into the Lead Keyword Search field.
Enter or click the Search icon.
The screen will take you to a results page containing leads matching the entered keyword.


text:
Research article 12 Feb 2014
Research article | 12 Feb 2014
Using the SWAT model to improve process descriptions and define hydrologic partitioning in South Korea
C. L. Shope et al.
Show only first author papers Show all papers
Deriving a per-field land use and land cover map in an agricultural mosaic catchment
B. Seo, C. Bogner, P. Poppenborg, E. Martin, M. Hoffmeister, M. Jun, T. Koellner, B. Reineking, C. L. Shope, and J. Tenhunen
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 6, 339–352, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-339-2014,https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-6-339-2014, 2014
Low hydrological connectivity after summer drought inhibits DOC export in a forested headwater catchment
Katharina Blaurock, Burkhard Beudert, Benjamin S. Gilfedder, Jan H. Fleckenstein, Stefan Peiffer, and Luisa Hopp
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 5133–5151, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5133-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-5133-2021, 2021
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important part of the global carbon cycle with regards to carbon storage, greenhouse gas emissions and drinking water treatment. In this study, we compared DOC export of a small, forested catchment during precipitation events after dry and wet preconditions. We found that the DOC export from areas that are usually important for DOC export was inhibited after long drought periods.
Linking canopy reflectance to crop structure and photosynthesis to capture and interpret spatiotemporal dimensions of per-field photosynthetic productivity
Wei Xue, Seungtaek Jeong, Jonghan Ko, and John Tenhunen
Biogeosciences, 14, 1315–1332, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1315-2017,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1315-2017, 2017
Combined use of stable isotopes and fallout radionuclides as soil erosion indicators in a forested mountain site, South Korea
K. Meusburger, L. Mabit, J.-H. Park, T. Sandor, and C. Alewell
A generalized Damköhler number for classifying material processing in hydrological systems
C. E. Oldham, D. E. Farrow, and S. Peiffer
Concentrations and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon in runoff from a forested catchment: insights from high frequency measurements
S. Strohmeier, K.-H. Knorr, M. Reichert, S. Frei, J. H. Fleckenstein, S. Peiffer, and E. Matzner
Biogeosciences, 10, 905–916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-905-2013,https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-905-2013, 2013
More articles (1)
Related subject area
Subject: Catchment hydrology | Techniques and Approaches: Modelling approaches
Technical note: RAT – a robustness assessment test for calibrated and uncalibrated hydrological models
Pierre Nicolle, Vazken Andréassian, Paul Royer-Gaspard, Charles Perrin, Guillaume Thirel, Laurent Coron, and Léonard Santos
In this note, a new method (RAT) is proposed to assess the robustness of hydrological models. The RAT method is particularly interesting because it does not require multiple calibrations (it is therefore applicable to uncalibrated models), and it can be used to determine whether a hydrological model may be safely used for climate change impact studies. Success at the robustness assessment test is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition of model robustness.
Reduction of vegetation-accessible water storage capacity after deforestation affects catchment travel time distributions and increases young water fractions in a headwater catchment
Markus Hrachowitz, Michael Stockinger, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, Ruud van der Ent, Heye Bogena, Andreas Lücke, and Christine Stumpp
Deforestation affects how catchments store and release water. Here we found that deforestation in the study catchment led to a 20 % increase in mean runoff, while reducing the vegetation-accessible water storage from about 258 to 101 mm. As a consequence, fractions of young water in the stream increased by up to 25 % during wet periods. This implies that water and solutes are more rapidly routed to the stream, which can, after contamination, lead to increased contaminant peak concentrations.
Combining split-sample testing and hidden Markov modelling to assess the robustness of hydrological models
Etienne Guilpart, Vahid Espanmanesh, Amaury Tilmant, and François Anctil
The stationary assumption in hydrology has become obsolete because of climate changes. In that context, it is crucial to assess the performance of a hydrologic model over a wide range of climates and their corresponding hydrologic conditions. In this paper, numerous, contrasted, climate sequences identified by a hidden Markov model (HMM) are used in a differential split-sample testing framework to assess the robustness of a hydrologic model. We illustrate the method on the Senegal River.
Hydrologically informed machine learning for rainfall–runoff modelling: towards distributed modelling
Herath Mudiyanselage Viraj Vidura Herath, Jayashree Chadalawada, and Vladan Babovic
Existing hydrological knowledge has been integrated with genetic programming based on a machine learning algorithm (MIKA-SHA) to induce readily interpretable distributed rainfall–runoff models. At present, the model building components of two flexible modelling frameworks (FUSE and SUPERFLEX) represent the elements of hydrological knowledge. The proposed toolkit captures spatial variabilities and automatically induces semi-distributed rainfall–runoff models without any explicit user selections.
Development and evaluation of 0.05° terrestrial water storage estimates using Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model and assimilation of GRACE data
Natthachet Tangdamrongsub, Michael F. Jasinski, and Peter J. Shellito
Accurate estimation of terrestrial water storage (TWS) is essential for reliable water resource assessments. TWS can be estimated from the Community Atmosphere–Biosphere Land Exchange model (CABLE), but the resolution is limited to 0.5°. We reconfigure CABLE to improve TWS spatial details from 0.5° to 0.05°. GRACE satellite data are assimilated into CABLE to improve TWS accuracy. Our workflow relies only on publicly accessible data, allowing reproduction of 0.05° TWS in any region.
Conditioning ensemble streamflow prediction with the North Atlantic Oscillation improves skill at longer lead times
Seán Donegan, Conor Murphy, Shaun Harrigan, Ciaran Broderick, Dáire Foran Quinn, Saeed Golian, Jeff Knight, Tom Matthews, Christel Prudhomme, Adam A. Scaife, Nicky Stringer, and Robert L. Wilby
We benchmarked the skill of ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) for a diverse sample of 46 Irish catchments. We found that ESP is skilful in the majority of catchments up to several months ahead. However, the level of skill was strongly dependent on lead time, initialisation month, and individual catchment location and storage properties. We also conditioned ESP with the winter North Atlantic Oscillation and show that improvements in forecast skill, reliability, and discrimination are possible.
Technical note: Hydrology modelling R packages – a unified analysis of models and practicalities from a user perspective
Paul C. Astagneau, Guillaume Thirel, Olivier Delaigue, Joseph H. A. Guillaume, Juraj Parajka, Claudia C. Brauer, Alberto Viglione, Wouter Buytaert, and Keith J. Beven
The R programming language has become an important tool for many applications in hydrology. In this study, we provide an analysis of some of the R tools providing hydrological models. In total, two aspects are uniformly investigated, namely the conceptualisation of the models and the practicality of their implementation for end-users. These comparisons aim at easing the choice of R tools for users and at improving their usability for hydrology modelling to support more transferable research.
A new fractal-theory-based criterion for hydrological model calibration
Zhixu Bai, Yao Wu, Di Ma, and Yue-Ping Xu
To test our hypothesis that the fractal dimensions of streamflow series can be used to improve the calibration of hydrological models, we designed the E–RD efficiency ratio of fractal dimensions strategy and examined its usability in the calibration of lumped models. The results reveal that, in most aspects, introducing RD into model calibration makes the simulation of streamflow components more reasonable. Also, pursuing a better RD during calibration leads to only a minor decrease in E.
The value of water isotope data on improving process understanding in a glacierized catchment on the Tibetan Plateau
Yi Nan, Lide Tian, Zhihua He, Fuqiang Tian, and Lili Shao
This study integrated a water isotope module into the hydrological model THREW. The isotope-aided model was subsequently applied for process understanding in the glacierized watershed of Karuxung river on the Tibetan Plateau. The model was used to quantify the contribution of runoff component and estimate the water travel time in the catchment. Model uncertainties were significantly constrained by using additional isotopic data, improving the process understanding in the catchment.
Machine learning deciphers CO2 sequestration and subsurface flowpaths from stream chemistry
Andrew R. Shaughnessy, Xin Gu, Tao Wen, and Susan L. Brantley
It is often difficult to determine the sources of solutes in streams and how much each source contributes. We developed a new method of unmixing stream chemistry via machine learning. We found that sulfate in three watersheds is related to groundwater flowpaths. Our results emphasize that acid rain reduces a watershed's capacity to remove CO2 from the atmosphere, a key geological control on climate. Our method will help scientists unmix stream chemistry in watersheds where sources are unknown.
Future changes in annual, seasonal and monthly runoff signatures in contrasting Alpine catchments in Austria
Sarah Hanus, Markus Hrachowitz, Harry Zekollari, Gerrit Schoups, Miren Vizcaino, and Roland Kaitna
This study investigates the effects of climate change on runoff patterns in six Alpine catchments in Austria at the end of the 21st century. Our results indicate a substantial shift to earlier occurrences in annual maximum and minimum flows in high-elevation catchments. Magnitudes of annual extremes are projected to increase under a moderate emission scenario in all catchments. Changes are generally more pronounced for high-elevation catchments.
Using hydrologic landscape classification and climatic time series to assess hydrologic vulnerability of the western U.S. to climate
Chas E. Jones Jr., Scott G. Leibowitz, Keith A. Sawicz, Randy L. Comeleo, Laurel E. Stratton, Philip E. Morefield, and Christopher P. Weaver
Our research assesses the hydrologic vulnerability of the western U.S. to climate by classifying the landscape based on its physical and climatic characteristics and analyzing climate data. We also apply the approach to examine the vulnerabilities of case studies in the ski and wine industries. We show that the west and its ski areas are vulnerable to changes in snow, while vineyard vulnerability varies. This allows us to consider climatic impacts across landscapes, industries, and stakeholders.
Evaluation of random forests for short-term daily streamflow forecasting in rainfall- and snowmelt-driven watersheds
Leo Triet Pham, Lifeng Luo, and Andrew Finley
Model evaluation metrics suggest that RF performs better in snowmelt-driven watersheds. The largest improvements in forecasts compared to benchmark models are found among rainfall-driven watersheds. RF performance deteriorates with increases in catchment slope and soil sandiness. We note disagreement between two popular measures of RF variable importance and recommend jointly considering these measures with the physical processes under study.
Performance of automated methods for flash flood inundation mapping: a comparison of a digital terrain model (DTM) filling and two hydrodynamic methods
Nabil Hocini, Olivier Payrastre, François Bourgin, Eric Gaume, Philippe Davy, Dimitri Lague, Lea Poinsignon, and Frederic Pons
Efficient flood mapping methods are needed for large-scale, comprehensive identification of flash flood inundation hazards caused by small upstream rivers. An evaluation of three automated mapping approaches of increasing complexity, i.e., a digital terrain model (DTM) filling and two 1D–2D hydrodynamic approaches, is presented based on three major flash floods in southeastern France. The results illustrate some limits of the DTM filling method and the value of using a 2D hydrodynamic approach.
How is Baseflow Index (BFI) impacted by water resource management practices?
John P. Bloomfield, Mengyi Gong, Benjamin P. Marchant, Gemma Coxon, and Nans Addor
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-259,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-259, 2021
Revised manuscript accepted for HESS
Groundwater provides flow, known as baseflow, to surface streams and rivers. It is important as it sustains the flow of many rivers at times of water stress. However, it may be affected by water management practices. Statistical models have been used to show that in particular abstraction of groundwater influences baseflow. Consequently, it is recommended that information and data on groundwater abstraction is explicitly included in future assessments and predictions of baseflow.
A novel method for cold-region streamflow hydrograph separation using GRACE satellite observations
Shusen Wang, Junhua Li, and Hazen A. J. Russell
Separating river flow into baseflow and surface runoff provides useful information for hydrology and climate studies, but traditional methods have critical limitations in the lack of physics, identifying snowmelt runoff and watershed size. This study developed a novel model using the GRACE satellite observations to address these limitations. It also includes estimates for watershed hydraulic conductivity and drainable water storage, which help assess aquifer properties and water resources.
A Bayesian approach to understanding the key factors influencing temporal variability in stream water quality – a case study in the Great Barrier Reef catchments
Shuci Liu, Dongryeol Ryu, J. Angus Webb, Anna Lintern, Danlu Guo, David Waters, and Andrew W. Western
Riverine water quality can change markedly at one particular location. This study developed predictive models to represent the temporal variation in stream water quality across the Great Barrier Reef catchments, Australia. The model structures were informed by a data-driven approach, which is useful for identifying important factors determining temporal changes in water quality and, in turn, providing critical information for developing management strategies.
Projected changes in Rhine River flood seasonality under global warming
Erwin Rottler, Axel Bronstert, Gerd Bürger, and Oldrich Rakovec
The mesoscale hydrological model (mHM) forced with an ensemble of climate projection scenarios was used to assess potential future changes in flood seasonality in the Rhine River basin. Results indicate that future changes in flood characteristics are controlled by increases in precipitation sums and diminishing snowpacks. The decreases in snowmelt can counterbalance increasing precipitation, resulting in only small and transient changes in streamflow maxima.
Technical note: Diagnostic efficiency – specific evaluation of model performance
Robin Schwemmle, Dominic Demand, and Markus Weiler
A better understanding of the reasons why model performance is unsatisfying represents a crucial part for meaningful model evaluation. We propose the novel diagnostic efficiency (DE) measure and diagnostic polar plots. The proposed evaluation approach provides a diagnostic tool for model developers and model users and facilitates interpretation of model performance.
How catchment characteristics influence hydrological pathways and travel times in a boreal landscape
Elin Jutebring Sterte, Fredrik Lidman, Emma Lindborg, Ylva Sjöberg, and Hjalmar Laudon
A numerical model was used to estimate annual and seasonal mean travel times across 14 long-term nested monitored catchments in the boreal region. The estimated travel times and young water fractions were consistent with observed variations of base cation concentration and stable water isotopes, δ18O. Soil type was the most important factor regulating the variation in mean travel times among sub-catchments, while the areal coverage of mires increased the young water fraction.
Rainfall–runoff prediction at multiple timescales with a single Long Short-Term Memory network
Martin Gauch, Frederik Kratzert, Daniel Klotz, Grey Nearing, Jimmy Lin, and Sepp Hochreiter
We present multi-timescale Short-Term Memory (MTS-LSTM), a machine learning approach that predicts discharge at multiple timescales within one model. MTS-LSTM is significantly more accurate than the US National Water Model and computationally more efficient than an individual LSTM model per timescale. Further, MTS-LSTM can process different input variables at different timescales, which is important as the lead time of meteorological forecasts often depends on their temporal resolution.
User-oriented hydrological indices for early warning systems with validation using post-event surveys: flood case studies in the Central Apennine District
Annalina Lombardi, Valentina Colaiuda, Marco Verdecchia, and Barbara Tomassetti
The paper presents a modelling approach for the assessment of extremes in the hydrological cycle at a multi-catchment scale. It describes two new hydrological stress indices, innovative instruments that could be used by Civil Protection operators, for flood mapping in early warning systems. The main advantage in using the proposed indices is the possibility of displaying hydrological-stress information over any geographical domain.
Space–time variability in soil moisture droughts in the Himalayan region
Santosh Nepal, Saurav Pradhananga, Narayan Kumar Shrestha, Sven Kralisch, Jayandra P. Shrestha, and Manfred Fink
This paper examines soil moisture drought in the central Himalayan region by applying a process-based hydrological model. Our results suggest that both the occurrence and severity of droughts have increased over the last 3 decades, especially in the winter and pre-monsoon seasons. The insights provided into the frequency, spatial coverage, and severity of the drought conditions can provide valuable inputs towards improved management of water resources and greater agricultural productivity.
A multi-sourced assessment of the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil moisture in the MARINE flash flood model
Judith Eeckman, Hélène Roux, Audrey Douinot, Bertrand Bonan, and Clément Albergel
The risk of flash flood is of growing importance for populations, particularly in the Mediterranean area in the context of a changing climate. The representation of soil processes in models is a key factor for flash flood simulation. The importance of the various methods for soil moisture estimation are highlighted in this work. Local measurements from the field as well as data derived from satellite imagery can be used to assess the performance of model outputs.
Climate change impacts model parameter sensitivity – implications for calibration strategy and model diagnostic evaluation
Lieke Anna Melsen and Björn Guse
Certain hydrological processes become more or less relevant when the climate changes. This should also be visible in the models that are used for long-term predictions of river flow as a consequence of climate change. We investigated this using three different models. The change in relevance should be reflected in how the parameters of the models are determined. In the different models, different processes become more relevant in the future: they disagree with each other.
Impact of karst areas on runoff generation, lateral flow and interbasin groundwater flow at the storm-event timescale
Martin Le Mesnil, Roger Moussa, Jean-Baptiste Charlier, and Yvan Caballero
We present an innovative approach consisting of the statistical analysis and comparison of 15 hydrological descriptors, characterizing catchment response to rainfall events. The distribution of these descriptors is analysed according to the occurrence of karst areas inside 108 catchments. It shows that karst impacts on storm events mainly result in river losses and that interbasin groundwater flows can represent a significant part of the catchment water budget ah the event timescale.
Benchmarking Data-Driven Rainfall-Runoff Models in Great Britain: A comparison of LSTM-based models with four lumped conceptual models
Thomas Lees, Marcus Buechel, Bailey Anderson, Louise Slater, Steven Reece, Gemma Coxon, and Simon J. Dadson
We used deep learning models to simulate the amount of water travelling through a river channel (discharge), based on the rainfall, temperature and potential evaporation in the previous days. We compared the performance of these deep learning models to four models that are currently used by hydrologists and engineers. We tested how these different methods simulate discharge at 518 points around Great Britain. Ultimately, we found that the deep learning models produced more accurate simulations.
Triple oxygen isotope systematics of evaporation and mixing processes in a dynamic desert lake system
Claudia Voigt, Daniel Herwartz, Cristina Dorador, and Michael Staubwasser
Evaporation trends in the stable isotope composition (18O/16O, 17O/16O, 2H/1H) of throughflow ponds in a hydrologically complex and seasonally dynamic lake system can be reliably predicted by the classic Craig–Gordon isotope evaporation model. We demonstrate that the novel 17O-excess parameter is capable of resolving different types of evaporation with and without recharge and of identifying mixing processes that cannot be resolved using the classic δ2H–δ18O system alone.
Irrigation, damming, and streamflow fluctuations of the Yellow River
Zun Yin, Catherine Ottlé, Philippe Ciais, Feng Zhou, Xuhui Wang, Polcher Jan, Patrice Dumas, Shushi Peng, Laurent Li, Xudong Zhou, Yan Bo, Yi Xi, and Shilong Piao
We improved the irrigation module in a land surface model ORCHIDEE and developed a dam operation model with the aim to investigate how irrigation and dams affect the streamflow fluctuations of the Yellow River. Results show that irrigation mainly reduces the annual river flow. The dam operation, however, mainly affects streamflow variation. By considering two generic operation rules, flood control and base flow guarantee, our dam model can sustainably improve the simulation accuracy.
Behind the scenes of streamflow model performance
Laurène J. E. Bouaziz, Fabrizio Fenicia, Guillaume Thirel, Tanja de Boer-Euser, Joost Buitink, Claudia C. Brauer, Jan De Niel, Benjamin J. Dewals, Gilles Drogue, Benjamin Grelier, Lieke A. Melsen, Sotirios Moustakas, Jiri Nossent, Fernando Pereira, Eric Sprokkereef, Jasper Stam, Albrecht H. Weerts, Patrick Willems, Hubert H. G. Savenije, and Markus Hrachowitz
We quantify the differences in internal states and fluxes of 12 process-based models with similar streamflow performance and assess their plausibility using remotely sensed estimates of evaporation, snow cover, soil moisture and total storage anomalies. The dissimilarities in internal process representation imply that these models cannot all simultaneously be close to reality. Therefore, we invite modelers to evaluate their models using multiple variables and to rely on multi-model studies.
Learning from satellite observations: increased understanding of catchment processes through stepwise model improvement
Petra Hulsman, Hubert H. G. Savenije, and Markus Hrachowitz
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 25, 957–982, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-957-2021,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-957-2021, 2021
Satellite observations have increasingly been used for model calibration, while model structural developments largely rely on discharge data. For large river basins, this often results in poor representations of system internal processes. This study explores the combined use of satellite-based evaporation and total water storage data for model structural improvement and spatial–temporal model calibration for a large, semi-arid and data-scarce river system.
Diagnosis toward predicting mean annual runoff in ungauged basins
Yuan Gao, Lili Yao, Ni-Bin Chang, and Dingbao Wang
Mean annual runoff prediction is of great interest but still poses a challenge in ungauged basins. The purpose of this study is to diagnose the data requirement for predicting mean annual runoff in ungauged basins based on a water balance model, in which the effects of climate variability are explicitly represented. The performance of predicting mean annual runoff can be improved by employing better estimation of soil water storage capacity including the effects of soil, topography, and bedrock.
The era of infiltration
Keith Beven
Inspired by a quotation from Howard Cook in 1946, this paper traces the evolution of the infiltration theory of runoff from the work of Robert Horton and LeRoy Sherman in the 1930s to the early digital computer models of the 1970s and 1980s. Reconsideration of the perceptual model for many catchments, partly as a result of the greater appreciation of the contribution of subsurface flows to the hydrograph indicated by tracer studies, suggests a reconsideration of hydrological nomenclature.
A time-varying parameter estimation approach using split-sample calibration based on dynamic programming
Xiaojing Zhang and Pan Liu
Rainfall–runoff models are useful tools for streamflow simulation. However, efforts are needed to investigate how their parameters vary in response to climate changes and human activities. Thus, this study proposes a new method for estimating time-varying parameters, by considering both simulation accuracy and parameter continuity. The results show the proposed method is effective for identifying temporal variations of parameters and can simultaneously provide good streamflow simulation.
Numerical daemons of hydrological models are summoned by extreme precipitation
Peter T. La Follette, Adriaan J. Teuling, Nans Addor, Martyn Clark, Koen Jansen, and Lieke A. Melsen
Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-28,https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2021-28, 2021
Hydrological models are useful tools that allow us to predict distributions and movement of water. A variety of numerical methods are used by these models. We demonstrate which numerical methods yield large errors when subject to extreme precipitation. As the climate is changing such that extreme precipitation is more common, we find that some numerical methods are better suited for use in hydrological models. Also, we find that many current hydrological models use relatively inaccurate methods.
A history of TOPMODEL
Keith J. Beven, Mike J. Kirkby, Jim E. Freer, and Rob Lamb
The theory that forms the basis of TOPMODEL was first outlined by Mike Kirkby some 45 years ago. This paper recalls some of the early developments: the rejection of the first journal paper, the early days of digital terrain analysis, model calibration and validation, the various criticisms of the simplifying assumptions, and the relaxation of those assumptions in the dynamic forms of TOPMODEL, and it considers what we might do now with the benefit of hindsight.
Progressive water deficits during multiyear droughts in basins with long hydrological memory in Chile
Camila Alvarez-Garreton, Juan Pablo Boisier, René Garreaud, Jan Seibert, and Marc Vis
The megadrought experienced in Chile (2010–2020) has led to larger than expected water deficits. By analysing 106 basins with snow-/rainfall regimes, we relate such intensification with the hydrological memory of the basins, explained by snow and groundwater. Snow-dominated basins have larger memory and thus accumulate the effect of persistent precipitation deficits more strongly than pluvial basins. This notably affects central Chile, a water-limited region where most of the population lives.
A comparison of catchment travel times and storage deduced from deuterium and tritium tracers using StorAge Selection functions
Nicolas Björn Rodriguez, Laurent Pfister, Erwin Zehe, and Julian Klaus
Different parts of water have often been used as tracers to determine the age of water in streams. The stable tracers, such as deuterium, are thought to be unable to reveal old water compared to the radioactive tracer called tritium. We used both tracers, measured in precipitation and in a stream in Luxembourg, to show that this is not necessarily true. It is, in fact, advantageous to use the two tracers together, and we recommend systematically using tritium in future studies.
The role and value of distributed precipitation data in hydrological models
Ralf Loritz, Markus Hrachowitz, Malte Neuper, and Erwin Zehe
This study investigates the role and value of distributed rainfall in the runoff generation of a mesoscale catchment. We compare the performance of different hydrological models at different periods and show that a distributed model driven by distributed rainfall yields improved performances only during certain periods. We then step beyond this finding and develop a spatially adaptive model that is capable of dynamically adjusting its spatial model structure in time.
Flood spatial coherence, triggers, and performance in hydrological simulations: large-sample evaluation of four streamflow-calibrated models
Manuela I. Brunner, Lieke A. Melsen, Andrew W. Wood, Oldrich Rakovec, Naoki Mizukami, Wouter J. M. Knoben, and Martyn P. Clark
Assessments of current, local, and regional flood hazards and their future changes often involve the use of hydrologic models. A reliable model ideally reproduces both local flood characteristics and regional aspects of flooding. In this paper we investigate how such characteristics are represented by hydrologic models. Our results show that both the modeling of local and regional flood characteristics are challenging, especially under changing climate conditions.
Effects of spatial resolution of terrain models on modelled discharge and soil loss in Oaxaca, Mexico
Sergio Naranjo, Francelino A. Rodrigues Jr., Georg Cadisch, Santiago Lopez-Ridaura, Mariela Fuentes, and Carsten Marohn
This study pioneers in the integration of a spatially explicit soil erosion model with plot and watershed scale characterization and high resolution drone imagery to assess the effect of spatial resolution DTM on discharge and soil loss. Results showed reduction of slope due to resampling-down of DTM. High resolution translates into higher slope, denser fluvial system, and extremer values of soil loss reducing time of concentration and increasing soil loss at the outlet. Best resolution was 4 m.
Flexible vector-based spatial configurations in land models
Shervan Gharari, Martyn P. Clark, Naoki Mizukami, Wouter J. M. Knoben, Jefferson S. Wong, and Alain Pietroniro
This work explores the trade-off between the accuracy of the representation of geospatial data, such as land cover, soil type, and elevation zones, in a land (surface) model and its performance in the context of modeling. We used a vector-based setup instead of the commonly used grid-based setup to identify this trade-off. We also assessed the often neglected parameter uncertainty and its impact on the land model simulations.
Two-stage variational mode decomposition and support vector regression for streamflow forecasting
Ganggang Zuo, Jungang Luo, Ni Wang, Yani Lian, and Xinxin He
A two-stage variational mode decomposition and support vector regression is designed to reduce the influence of boundary effects without removing or correcting boundary-affected decompositions. The proposed model significantly reduces the boundary effect consequences, saves modeling time and computation resources, barely overfits the calibration samples, and forecasts monthly runoff reasonably well compared to the benchmark models.
Predicting probabilities of streamflow intermittency across a temperate mesoscale catchment
Nils Hinrich Kaplan, Theresa Blume, and Markus Weiler
In recent decades the demand for detailed information of spatial and temporal dynamics of the stream network has grown in the fields of eco-hydrology and extreme flow prediction. We use temporal streamflow intermittency data obtained at various sites using innovative sensing technology as well as spatial predictors to predict and map probabilities of streamflow intermittency. This approach has the potential to provide intermittency maps for hydrological modelling and management practices.
Importance of the informative content in the study area when regionalising rainfall-runoff model parameters: the role of nested catchments and gauging station density
Mattia Neri, Juraj Parajka, and Elena Toth
One of the most informative ways to gain information on ungauged river sections is through the implementation of a rainfall-runoff model, exploiting the information collected in gauged catchments in the study area. This study analyses how the performances of different model regionalisation approaches are influenced by the informative content of the available regional data set, in order to identify the methods that are more suitable for the data availability in the region.
Which rainfall score is more informative about the performance in river discharge simulation? A comprehensive assessment on 1318 basins over Europe
Stefania Camici, Christian Massari, Luca Ciabatta, Ivan Marchesini, and Luca Brocca
The paper performs the most comprehensive European-scale evaluation to date of satellite rainfall products for river flow prediction. In doing so, how errors transfer from satellite-based rainfall products into flood simulation is investigated in depth and, for the first time, quantitative guidelines on the use of these products for hydrological applications are provided. This result can represent a keystone in the use of satellite rainfall products, especially in data-scarce regions.
Assimilation of Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) brightness temperature into a large-scale distributed conceptual hydrological model to improve soil moisture predictions: the Murray–Darling basin in Australia as a test case
Renaud Hostache, Dominik Rains, Kaniska Mallick, Marco Chini, Ramona Pelich, Hans Lievens, Fabrizio Fenicia, Giovanni Corato, Niko E. C. Verhoest, and Patrick Matgen
Our objective is to investigate how satellite microwave sensors, particularly Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), may help to reduce errors and uncertainties in soil moisture simulations with a large-scale conceptual hydro-meteorological model. We assimilated a long time series of SMOS observations into a hydro-meteorological model and showed that this helps to improve model predictions. This work therefore contributes to the development of faster and more accurate drought prediction tools.
Frequency and magnitude variability of Yalu River flooding: numerical analyses for the last 1000 years
Hui Sheng, Xiaomei Xu, Jian Hua Gao, Albert J. Kettner, Yong Shi, Chengfeng Xue, Ya Ping Wang, and Shu Gao
This paper investigates the variability of past flooding by applying a numerical model coupled with historical records of regional climate and anthropogenic activity under the deficiency of observations. We conclude that trends in flooding frequency were predominantly modulated by the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall events, which highlights the need for the implementation of effective river engineering measures to counteract increasing flood risks as a result of the future.
Assessing the degree of detail of temperature-based snow routines for runoff modelling in mountainous areas in central Europe
Marc Girons Lopez, Marc J. P. Vis, Michal Jenicek, Nena Griessinger, and Jan Seibert
Snow processes are crucial for runoff in mountainous areas, but their complexity makes water management difficult. Temperature models are widely used as they are simple and do not require much data, but not much thought is usually given to which model to use, which may lead to bad predictions. We studied the impact of many model alternatives and found that a more complex model does not necessarily perform better. Finding which processes are most important in each area is a much better strategy.
Adaptive clustering: reducing the computational costs of distributed (hydrological) modelling by exploiting time-variable similarity among model elements
Uwe Ehret, Rik van Pruijssen, Marina Bortoli, Ralf Loritz, Elnaz Azmi, and Erwin Zehe
In this paper we propose adaptive clustering as a new method for reducing the computational efforts of distributed modelling. It consists of identifying similar-acting model elements during the runtime, clustering them, running the model for just a few representatives per cluster, and mapping their results to the remaining model elements in the cluster. With the example of a hydrological model, we show that this saves considerable computation time, while largely maintaining the output quality.
More articles (45)
Abbaspour, K. C.: SWAT-CUP4: SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Programs – A User Manual, EAWAG Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 103 pp., 2011.
Abbaspour, K. C., Johnson, C. A., and van Genuchten, M. T.: Estimating uncertain flow and transport parameters using a sequential uncertainty fitting procedure, Vadose Zone J., 3, 1340–1352, 2004.
Abbaspour, K. C., Yang, J., Maximov, I., Siber, R., Bogner, K., Mieleitner, J., Zobrist, J., and Srinivasan, R.: Modelling hydrology and water quality in the pre-ailpine/alpine Thur watershed using SWAT, J. Hydrol., 333, 413–430, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.09.014, 2007.
Abbaspour, K. C., Faramarzi, M., Ghasemi, S. S., and Yang, H.: Assessing the impact of climate change on water resources in Iran, Water Resour. Res., 45, W10434, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008wr007615, 2009.
Adiku, S. G. K., Reichstein, M., Lohila, A., Dinh, N. Q., Aurela, M., Laurila, T., Tenhunen, J. D.,: PIXGRO: A model for simulating the ecosystem CO2 exchange and growth of spring barley, Ecol. Modell., 190, 260–276, 2006.
Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Raes, D., and Smith, M.: Crop Evapotranspiration – Guidlines for Computing Crop Water Requirements, FAO – Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56, 203 pp., 1988.
Andersson, J. C. M., Zehnder, A. J. B., Jewitt, G. P. W., and Yang, H.: Water availability, demand and reliability of in situ water harvesting in smallholder rain-fed agriculture in the Thukela River Basin, South Africa, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 13, 2329–2347, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-13-2329-2009, 2009.
Arnold, J. G., Srinivasan, R., Muttiah, R. S., and Williams, J. R.: Large area hydrologic modeling and assessment – Part 1: Model development, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 34, 73–89, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb05961.x, 1998.
Arnhold, S., Ruidisch, M., Bartsch, S., Shope, C. L., and Huwe, B.,: Simulation of runoff patterns and soil erosion on mountainous farmland with and without plastic-covered ridge-furrow cultivation in South Korea, Trans. ASABE, 56, 667–679, 2013.
Bartsch, S., Frei, S., Ruidisch, M., Shope, C. L., Peiffer, S., Kim, B., and Fleckenstein, J. H.: River-aquifer exchange fluxes under monsoonal climate conditions, J. Hydrol., 509, 601–614, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.12.005, 2014.
Bennett, N. D., Croke, B. F., Guariso, G., Guillaume, J. H., Hamilton, S. H., Jakeman, A. J., and Andreassian, V.: Characterising performance of environmental models, Environ. Modell. Softw., 40, 20 pp., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2012.09.011, 2012.
Berka, C., Schreier, H., and Hall, K.: Linking water quality with agricultural intensification in a rural watershed, Water Air Soil Pollut., 127, 389–401, https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005233005364, 2001.
Butts, M. B., Payne, J. T., Kristensen, M., and Madsen, H.: An evaluation of the impact of model structure on hydrological modelling uncertainty for streamflow simulation, J. Hydrol., 298, 242–266, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.03.042, 2004.
Calder, I. R.: Hydrologic effects of land use change, in: Handbook of Hydrology, edited by: Maidment, D. R., McGraw Hill, Inc., New York, NY, 1992.
Cho, J., Bosch, D., Vellidis, G., Lowrance, R., and Strickland, T.: Multi-site evaluation of hydrology component of swat in the coastal plain of Southwest Georgia, Hydrol. Process., 27, 1691–1700, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9341, 2012.
Choi, G., Lee, B., Kang, S., and Tenhunen, J.: Variations of Summertime Temperature Lapse Rate within a Mountainous Basin in the Republic of Korea – A case study of Punch Bowl, Yanggu in 2009, 2010.
Dessu, S. B. and Melesse, A. M.: Modelling the rainfall-runoff process of the Mara River basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool, Hydrol. Process., 26, 4038–4049, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9205, 2012.
Duan, Q., Sorooshian, S., Gupta, V., Rousseau, A. N., and Turcotte, R.: Calibration of watershed models, American Geophysical Union, Washington D.C., 2003.
Eckhardt, K.: How to construct recursive digital filters for baseflow separation, Hydrol. Process., 19, 507–515, 2005.
Faramarzi, M., Abbaspour, K. C., Schulin, R., and Yang, H.: Modelling blue and green water resources availability in Iran, Hydrol. Process., 23, 486–501, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7160, 2009.
Forti, M. C., Neal, C., and Jenkins, A.: Modeling perspective of the deforestation impact in stream water-quality of small preserved forested areas in the Amazonian rain-forest, Water Air Soil Pollut., 79, 325–337, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01100445, 1995.
Gassman, P. W., Reyes, M. R., Green, C. H., and Arnold, J. G.: The soil and water assessment tool: Historical development, applications, and future research directions, Trans. ASABE, 50, 1211–1250, 2007.
Green, H. and Ampt, G. A.: Studies on Soil Physics: Part II – The Permeability of an Ideal Soil to Air and Water, The J. Agr. Sci., 5, 1–26, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600001751, 1912.
Güngör, Ö. and Göncü, S.: Application of the soil and water assessment tool model on the Lower Porsuk Stream Watershed, Hydrol. Process., 27, 453–466, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9228, 2012.
Hargreaves, G. H. and Samani, Z. A.: Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature, Appl. Eng. Agr., 1, 96–99, 1985.
Haverkamp, S., Srinivasan, R., Frede, H.-G., and Santhi, C.: Subwatershed spatial analysis tool:discretization of a distributed hydrologic model by statistical criteria, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 38, 1723–1733, 2002.
Jha, M., Gassman, P. W., Secchi, S., Gu, R., and Arnold, J.: Effect of watershed subdivision on swat flow, sediment, and nutrient predictions, J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 40, 811–825, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2004.tb04460.x, 2004.
Jo, K.-W. and Park, J.-H.: Rapid Release and Changing Sources of Pb in a Mountainous Watershed during Extreme Rainfall Events, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 9324–9329, https://doi.org/10.1021/es102109a, 2010.
Jun, M.: Device for Reducing Muddy Water in the Watershed of Soyang Dam, Regional Institute of Gangwon, South Korea, 2009.
Jung, B.-J., Lee, H.-J., Jeong, J.-J., Owen, J., Kim, B., Meusburger, K., Alewell, C., Gebauer, G., Shope, C., and Park, J.-H.: Storm pulses and varying sources of hydrologic carbon export from a mountainous watershed, J. Hydrol., 440–441, 90–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.03.030, 2012.
Khakbaz, B., Imam, B., Hsu, K., and Sorooshian, S.: From lumped to distributed via semi-distributed: Calibration strategies for semi-distributed hydrologic models, J. Hydrol., 418–419, 61–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2009.02.021, 2012.
Kim, I., Jeong, G. Y., Park, S., and Tenhunen, J.: Predicted Land Use Change in the Soyang River Basin, South Korea, 2011 TERRECO Science Conference, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, October 2–7, 2011.
Kwon, Y. S., Lee, H. H., Han, U., Kim, W. H., Kim, D. J., Kim, D. I., and Youm, S. J.: Terrain analysis of Haean Basin in terms of earth science, J. Korean Earth Sci. Soc., 11, 236–241, 1990.
Lam, Q. D., Schmalz, B., and Fohrer, N.: Assessing the spatial and temporal variations of water quality in lowland areas, Northern Germany, J. Hydrol., 438–439, 137–147, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.03.011, 2012.
Lee, H. J., Chun, K. W. Shope, C. L., Park, J. H.,.: Detecting rapid changes in stream water quality in mountainous forested watersheds during the monsoon period – The importance of high-frequency monitoring, J. Hydrol., in review, 2014.
Lee, J. W., Eum, J. S., Kim, B., Jang, W. S., Ryu, J. C., Kang, H. W., Kim, K. S., and Lim, K. J.: Water Quality Prediction at Mandae Watershed using SWAT and Water Quality Improvement with Vegetated Filter Strip, J. Korean Soc. Agr. Eng., 53, 37–45, https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2011.53.1.037, 2011.
Lee, J. M., Ryu, J. C., Kang, H. W., Kang, H. S., Kum, D. H., Jang, C. H., Choi, J. D., and Lim, K. J.: Evaluation of SWAT Flow and Sediment Estimation and Effects of Soil Erosion Best Management Practices, J. Korean Soc. Agr. Eng., 54, 99–108, https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2012.54.1.099, 2012.
Mekonnen, M. A., Worman, A., Dargahi, B., and Gebeyehu, A.: Hydrological modelling of Ethiopian catchments using limited data, Hydrol. Process., 23, 3401–3408, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7470, 2009.
Monteith, J. L.: Evaporation and the Environment, in: The state and movement of water in living organisms, edited by: Fogg, G. E., Cambridge University Press, 205–234, 1965.
Moriasi, D. N., Arnold, J. G., Liew, M. W. V., Bingner, R. L., Harmel, R. D., and Veith, T. L.: Model Evaluation Guidelines for Systematic Quantification of Accuracy in Watershed Simulations, Trans. ASABE, 50, 885–900, 2007.
Nash, J. E. and Sutcliffe, J. V.: River Flow Forecasting through Conceptual Models Part 1 – A Discussion of Principles, J. Hydrol. (Amsterdam), 10, 282–290, 1970.
Neitsch, S. L., Arnold, J. G., Kiniry, J. R., Srinivasan, R., and Williams, J. R.: Soil and Water Assessment Tool Input/Output File Documentation Version 2009, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service and Blackland Research Center, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas, 2010.
Neitsch, S. L., Arnold, J. G., Kiniry, J. R., and Williams, J. R.: Soil and Water Assessment Tool Theoretical Documentation Version 2009, Grassland, Soil and Water Research Laboratory, Agricultural ResearchService and Blackland Research Center, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, College Station, Texas, 2011.
Nguyen, T., Hoang, V. N., and Seo, B.: Cost and environmental efficiency of rice farms in South Korea, Agr. Econom., 43, 367–376, 2012.
Notter, B., MacMillan, L., Viviroli, D., Weingartner, R., and Liniger, H.-P.: Impacts of environmental change on water resources in the Mt. Kenya region, J. Hydrol., 343, 266–278, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.06.022, 2007.
Notter, B., Hurni, H., Wiesmann, U., and Abbaspour, K. C.: Modelling water provision as an ecosystem service in a large East African river basin, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 69–86, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-69-2012, 2012.
Penman, H. L.: Natural Evaporation from Open Water, Bare Soil and Grass, Proc. Roy. Soci. Lond A, 193, 120–145, 1948.
Priestley, C. H. B. and Taylor, R. J.: On the Assessment of Surface Heat Flux and Evaporation Using Large-Scale Parameters, Mon. Weather Rev., 100, 81–92, 1972.
Ruidisch, M., Kettering, J., Arnhold, S., and Huwe, B.: Modeling water flow in a plastic mulched ridge cultivation system on hillslopes affected by South Korean summer monsoon, Agr. Water Manage., 116, 204–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.07.011, 2013.
Schuol, J. and Abbaspour, K. C.: Calibration and uncertainty issues of a hydrological model (SWAT) applied to West Africa, Adv. Geosci., 9, 137–143, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-9-137-2006, 2006.
Schuol, J., Abbaspour, K. C., Srinivasan, R., and Yang, H.: Estimation of freshwater availability in the West African sub-continent using the SWAT hydrologic model, J. Hydrol., 352, 30–49, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.12.025, 2008.
Setegn, S., Srinivasan, G. R., and Dargahi, B.: Hydrological modelling in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia using SWAT model, The Open Hydrol. J., 2, 49-62, 2008.
Shope, C. L., Bartsch, S., Kim, K., Kim, B., Tenhunen, J., Peiffer, S., Park, J. H., Ok, Y. S., Fleckenstein, J., and Koellner, T.: A weighted, multi-method approach for accurate basin-wide streamflow estimation in an ungauged watershed, J. Hydrol., 494, 72–82, 2013.
Stehr, A., Debels, P., Romero, F., and Alcayaga, H.: Hydrological modelling with SWAT under conditions of limited data availability: evaluation of results from a Chilean case study, Hydrol. Sci. J., 53, 588–601, https://doi.org/10.1623/hysj.53.3.588, 2008.
Strauch, M., Bernhofer, C., Koide, S., Volk, M., Lorz, C., and Makeschin, F.: Using precipitation data ensemble for uncertainty analysis in SWAT streamflow simulation, J. Hydrol., 414, 413–424, 2012.
Strauch, M., Lima, J. E., Volk, M., Lorz, C., and Makeschin, F.: The impact of Best Management Practices on simulated streamflow and sediment load in a Central Brazilian catchment, J. Environ. Manage., 127, S24–S36, 2013.
Tenhunen, J., Seo, B., and Lee, B.: Spatial setting of the TERRECO project in the Haean catchment of Yanggu-gun and the Soyang watershed in Gangwan-do, AsiaFlux Training Course on Flux Monitoring: From Theory to Application, Seoul, South Korea, 2011,
Tilman, D., Cassman, K. G., Matson, P. A., Naylor, R., and Polasky, S.: Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices, Nature, 418, 671–677, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01014, 2002.
Tripathi, M. P., Raghuwanshi, N. S., and Rao, G. P.: Effect of watershed subdivision on simulation of water balance components, Hydrol. Process., 20, 1137–1156, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.5927, 2006.
U.S.D.A.: Soil Conservation Survey SCS, National Engineering Hand Book, Section 4, in: Hydrology, edited by: U.S.D.A, Washington, DC, 1972.
Volk, M., Liersch, S., and Schmidt, G.: Towards the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive?: Lessons learned from water quality simulations in an agricultural watershed, Land Use Pol., 26, 580–588, 2009.
Wilson, C. B., Valdes, J. B., and Rodriguez-Iturbe, I.: On the influence of the spatial distribution of rainfall on storm runoff, Water Resour. Res., 15, 321–328, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR015i002p00321, 1979.
Xu, N., Saiers, J. E., Wilson, H. F., and Raymond, P. A.: Simulating streamflow and dissolved organic matter export from a forested watershed, Water Resour. Res., 48, W05519, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011wr011423, 2012a.
Xu, Y. D., Fu, B. J., He, C. S., and Gao, G. Y.: Watershed discretization based on multiple factors and its application in the Chinese Loess Plateau, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 59–68, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-59-2012, 2012b.
Yang, J., Reichert, P., Abbaspour, K. C., Xia, J., and Yang, H.: Comparing uncertainty analysis techniques for a SWAT application to the Chaohe Basin in China, J. Hydrol., 358, 23 pp., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2008.05.012, 2008.
Yanggu County Office: Yanggu statististical year-book, 2002–2011, Yanggu, Gangwon, Republic of Korea, 2012.


Washington D.C. [U.S.A], December 6 (ANI): While the whole world is celebrating the news that Prince Harry is set to wed 'Suits' actress Meghan Markle next spring, actor Matt Smith has something different to say about Markle's transition into the royalty.
London [U.K.], December 05 (ANI): English actor Matt Smith, who returns alongside Claire Foy to star in Netflix's drama 'The Crown,' has recently said that just like women, he was also "objectified by men" in Hollywood.
New Delhi [India], November 7 (ANI): One of the most expensive shows of the world, 'The Crown', is back with its season two and it is going to take everyone on an intense ride.
Washington D.C. [U.S.A], October 30 (ANI): Earlier this week, it was revealed that Olivia Colman is all set to replace Claire Foy as Queen Elizabeth in Netflix series 'The Crown'.
Washington D.C. [U.S.A.], October 29 (ANI): Hollywood actor Andrew Garfield, who will be seen playing the real-life polio patient Robin Cavendish in 'Breathe', is proud to play the role and for getting the chance to understand the man.
London [UK], October 27 (ANI): It seems 'The Crown' has found his next Queen Elizabeth.


text:
Home Fauna Komodo LesserSunda Photo of Komodo Dragon Facing a Construction Truck Goes Viral
Photo of Komodo Dragon Facing a Construction Truck Goes Viral
Fauna, Komodo, LesserSunda,
A distressing image of a traveling construction truck directly facing a Komodo dragon at the Rinca Island located in Labuan Bajo, East Nusa Tenggara, went viral as construction is ongoing to make the island's natural landscape into a modern tourism site the government dubs the 'Jurassic Park' project.
Construction at the Rinca Island according to the Public work and Housing (PUPR) Ministry has entered the demolition phase of existing structures and piling the ground for the upcoming elevated deck which will be used as an access way connecting the Island's facilities to the Loh Buaya Port. The facilities include Komodo dragon observation posts.
The PUPR Minister Basuki on Monday assures that construction in the Komodo's habitat island - which has been named as UNESCO's world heritage site - adheres to the environment, social aspects, and economy.
"We are always accompanied by rangers from the Komodo National Park which assures the construction process does not damage or disturb the Komodo's habitat," Minister Basuki claims.
However, protests have come from the West Manggarai communities joined under the FORMAPP which has criticized the use of heavy machineries and how its uses has affected the local ecosystem. The association also calls for the government to halt the "exploitative" project. (Tempo.co)
Tags # Fauna # Komodo # LesserSunda
LesserSunda
Labels: Fauna, Komodo, LesserSunda
Training exists for both agents and brokers and the Weichert support team is there to take you through every aspect of your transition.
In addition, before login with Weichertone Portal, you must read terms & conditions and check Weichertone Benefits. So complete Weichertone Agent Sign In and Weichert One Login. Weichert One Login
your comments are now being moderated
Neuvo - Situs Pencarian Kerja
Expat.com Indonesia
Indonesia Expatriates
Bali - Online Hotel Reservation
Cheap Indonesian Flights
Bali to host International Yoga Festival
Bali is to host a one-week International Yoga Festival from March 3-10, 2009, Bali-India Foundation chairman Dr Somvir said here on Monday. ...
Bali Tourists Warned off Jungle Juice Cocktails
Australian holiday makers on the Indonesian island of Bali were urged Wednesday to steer clear of so--called Jungle Juice cocktails after a ...
Hoshinoya Bali included in the CONDÉ NAST TRAVELLER GOLD LIST 2021
When it comes to booking a hotel, don't settle for bronze or silver - go for gold every time. And don't waste time hunting around fo...
Protecting Indonesia's priceless cultural objects
Wayang means shadow or imagination in Javanese. (JP/Stefanus Ajie) "Mirror, Mirror, on the wall, who is the fairest of them all?" is the...
Nutritious Tinutuan Porridge: A Taste of Manado Cuisine
Among lovers of the archipelago's delicious and diverse culinary delights, Manado's cuisine has become a sort of by word of the exotic Bun...
Tracking down the hidden Portuguese pearl in north Jakarta
Built in the mid-18th century, Gereja Tugu is the second-oldest church in Jakarta and currently preserved as a historic monument. (ANTARA...
Archive January (6) December (7) November (9) October (5) September (11) August (15) July (13) June (10) May (15) April (8) March (17) February (13) January (20) December (16) November (13) October (16) September (14) August (19) July (15) June (24) May (17) April (21) March (18) February (19) January (14) December (18) November (15) October (23) September (23) August (15) July (23) June (19) May (17) April (18) March (18) February (20) January (18) December (21) November (31) October (24) September (24) August (24) July (31) June (29) May (34) April (33) March (26) February (17) January (23) December (22) November (19) October (22) September (22) August (27) July (19) June (25) May (24) April (23) March (19) February (17) January (21) December (20) November (19) October (19) September (16) August (14) July (18) June (16) May (15) April (17) March (23) February (19) January (21) December (22) November (16) October (19) September (19) August (18) July (19) June (23) May (19) April (21) March (19) February (29) January (29) December (26) November (25) October (27) September (28) August (22) July (27) June (23) May (22) April (26) March (24) February (28) January (34) December (34) November (29) October (35) September (35) August (31) July (31) June (39) May (24) April (45) March (48) February (45) January (50) December (45) November (43) October (42) September (33) August (34) July (36) June (33) May (40) April (36) March (30) February (34) January (36) December (37) November (49) October (50) September (50) August (25) July (27) June (26) May (22) April (25) March (25) February (36) January (33) December (29) November (30) October (38) September (31) August (32) July (32) June (22) May (26) April (23) March (24) February (34) January (28) December (21) November (27) October (25) September (27) August (30) July (19) June (24) May (35) April (44) March (44) February (60) January (34) December (33) November (45) October (39) September (58) August (75) July (1)
News (1217) Bali (1192) Events (752) ArtCulture (624) Java (545) International (488) Jakarta (466) Sumatra (359) Fauna (250) Hotels (229) FoodDrink (195) Sports (193) Sulawesi (163) History (127) LesserSunda (123) Lombok (118) Papua (104) music (91) Flora (87) Kalimantan (80) Komodo (73) Maluku (68) Relaxation (60) Sunda (56) video (34) Aceh (31) Banten (29) wedding (14) General (8) Links (5) Maps (5) Timor (5)
Copyright © Tourism Indonesia


This Seashell Three Wise Men Manger Scene Christmas Nativity Ornament is sure to be a favorite.
This handmade Nativity Manger Scene Ornament was made here at Sea Things in Ventura, CA.
This unique design was created here at Sea Things. The tiny shells and Starfish make up the North Star, The Three Wisemen and Baby Jesus. Moss is the hay and there are tiny seashells as the heads. There is also a small ribbon glued to the top for hanging. Each Manger we make is slightly different, but will look very similar to the one pictured. Perfect Decoration to get out every year.
Sea Things has been making beautiful creations from Seashells for over 30 years.
Size is approximately 2" x 2.5"
Glitter: A little Glitter on the Star Only.
We have several variations and of course due to the nature of shells being natural each one we make will have slight differences in color and size. Please see choices in other listings and the pictures for Manger Scene Ornaments and variations such as small size shell, medium and large size of shell. also there is a choice of with or without the angel, the glitter or a choice of more starfish in Other Listings.


Pny geforce fx 5200 windows 7 64 bit driver. 2; All models support TwinView Dual- Display Architecture Lighting ( T& L), Second Generation Transform , Nvidia Shading Rasterizer ( NSR) High- Definition Video Processor ( HDVP). Enterprise customers with a current vGPU software license ( GRID vPC GRID vApps , Quadro vDWS) can log into the enterprise software download portal by clicking below. Pny geforce fx 5200 windows 7 64 bit driver.
PDFファイルを閲覧・ 印刷するには、 Adobe Reader( AcrobatReader) が必要です。 Adobe Readerをお持ちでないかたは、 Adobe Reader( 無償) をインストールしてください。 Word・ Excelファイルを閲覧・ 印刷するには、 Microsoft Word・ Microsoft Excelが必要です。 Nah, berikutnya Anda tentu ingin tahu bagaimana meng- install driver tersebut ke komputer. NVIDIA Virtual GPU Customers.
With a driver release in April Nvidia' s 16- series some 10- series GPUs will work with ray tracing in DXR. Gowdy # If you have any new entries please submit them via # # send.
Zur Verfübelumnya kita sudah membahas bagaimana cara mengetahui model dan manufaktur VGA AMD Radeon, kemudian kita juga sudah mengetahui cara download driver AMD Catalyst terbaru. Les TIC pourraient théoriquement aider à économiser beaucoup d' énergie ( ex : selon France Télécom une utilisation large et judicieuse ( via le télétravail par exemple) des NTIC aurait pu en France réduire de 7 % les émissions de gaz à effet de serre du pays de à ( 1/ 3 de l' objectif français qui est de 20 % selon les protocoles actuels ; l' AIE a estimé que si tous les.
Honolulu | United States. Di artikel ini akan dibahas tuntas untuk sistem operasi Windows. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below.
You may have to register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. GPU- Z ist ein praktisches Diagnoseprogramm ( Freeware) von, welches detaillierte Informationen über die Grafikkarte des Rechners aufzeigt ( ähnlich wie CPU- Z für Prozessoren). 玩家FB社團》 老司機~ 募集中~ 《 APEX》 中國神仙滿天飛、 功能密技全開外掛想退坑; Windows 7 SHA- 2更新開放下載、 內文有載點與安裝指南必看. Detaillierte Informationen zu Chipsatz DirectX- Version, Takt, Speichergröße/ - typ Treiberversion etc.
If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the FAQ by clicking the link above. # # List of USB ID' s # # Maintained by Stephen J. All models support Direct3D 7 and OpenGL 1. 頻道 《 PCDIY!
[ 해외] WTS 8" " Screen Double Din Car DVD for Hyundai AzeraGrandeurGrandeur HgHgIAndroid 4. 新商品ニュース一覧. Ray Tracing Coming to Non- RTX GPUs: 10- Series, 1660s In. 年 3月13日 高画質の防犯カメラシステム「 ahdカメラシステム」 を拡充「 壁掛型ahdレコーダー 16局」 を新発売.
2 GPS Navigation Player Radio Wifi 8 Inch Touch Screen APP Radio Mode Iphone / ipod / android Co. 新商品ニュース.


Brighthouse Intelligence is built on exceptional technological competence. We have highly talented, energetic software and hardware developers, architects, testers and security specialists. We use technology in thoughtful and innovative way to achieve the best possible results.
The results we achieve are based on collaboration and teamwork. We encourage everyone to voice their opinions and suggest solutions. Brighthouse is not only a group of professional individuals, we are a team.
Brighthouse was born in the middle of a big industrial change in Finland, seen in both telecommunication and maritime sectors. When mobile devices activities were scaling down mutually huge potential was seen in intelligent shipping. Brighthouse brings in to the maritime game more than 300 man years of experience learned during Nokia and Microsoft years to enable ambitious visions of tomorrow's remote and autonomous ships and make them become reality.
Our company's key focus lays in marine environment, but various other applications are also under development. We started with 9 persons on board on January 2016 and by now our headcount is already over 20 persons consisting of HW, SW, system design and cyber security experts. We do close co-operation with Finnish universities in technology development and have all the time graduate students on top of our permanent headcount, bringing perfect mix of latest technology and enthusiasm into our company.
Our team has extensive experience in undertaking complex product development projects. Our capabilities cover all aspects of the product life-cycle R&D, prototyping, development, testing, maintenance and support. We define the overall end-to-end system architecture spanning several technical domains of expertise including situational awareness, connectivity and cybersecurity.
Our experienced team of hardware and software professionals leverage the full range of real-time situational awareness services. Our engineers have a cutting-edge knowledge of the novel technologies in the field of situational awareness. We design and deliver reliable and customized solutions that address the most demanding requirements and the latest industry standards. We also aim high in user friendliness, and our solutions are easy to use.
Our highly skilled and ambitious team will deliver your ideal situational awareness solution! Please, contact Mika Tolvanen, tel. +358 50 556 8310, mika.tolvanen(at)brighthouse.fi.
Our team takes pride in wireless and wired connectivity capabilities. Our engineering team has an extensive knowledge and decades of experience in complex and diverse connectivity technologies. With our thorough, in-depth knowledge and strong service mindset, we deliver you secure and high-quality connectivity solutions.
We also provide field testing and coverage analysis (including offshore) and EMC design and consulting services. For field testing and coverage analysis we have developed unique testing methods that make testing faster, easier, and more cost-effective.
With leading-edge threat intelligence and the latest knowledge of laws and best practices, we provide you the best-in-class cyber security services. BHI team has highly skilled and certified information system security professionals (CISSP), who have more than two decades of experience in cyber security. Whether assessing risk, investigating vulnerabilities, testing for threats, or designing security architecture, we have all the capabilities needed for your information security and assurance.


Hello, welcome to my page. I'm proud to be a long-time Safford resident, and the daughter of Alden and Peggy Curtis. I'm a graduate of Safford High School and Eastern Arizona College. I married Keith in 1992 and we have three children--Michael, Sarah and Amanda. I'm currently employed as an office manger.
I believe that if you believe in a cause, like I believe in the Republican Party, then you give that cause whatever service you are able to give. I have been the secretary of the Graham Co. Republican Committee for this past four years. Just as importantly, I have sat in the booths, helped with the fundraisers, and done whatever needed to be done to further the work that our local party has tried to do. I've also used my particular skill set whenever needed. I have designed flyers and table markers, and when our old website went down and we were quoted up to $1000 to get a new one up, I volunteered to put a new one up at no cost to the party. I would love to have you see it: http://www.grahamgop.com/. I look forward to continuing to serve our county party as its secretary.


text:
Flint's Chief of Police Resigns and Announces Run for Sheriff
Brett Carlsen/Getty Images
In a press release and letter issued today, Tim Johnson resigned as Flint Police Chief to pursue the Genesee County Sheriff's seat.
In a letter to ousted Mayor Karen Weaver, Johnson made he resignation effective at noon and went on to thank Weaver for the opportunity to serve the community." I truly enjoyed serving with some of Flint's finest police officers protecting our community."
Johnson will throw his hat in the ring for Genesee County Sheriff with the election being held November 3, 2020. Sheriff Robert Pickell announced in October he would retire as Sheriff in 2020. Johnson began his role as Chief in February of 2016.
Chief Johnson announced his resignation just days after Mayor Weaver lost her seat to state Rep. Sheldon Neeley. Neely is scheduled to be sworn in on Monday. There is no word on a replacement at this time.
Filed Under: Chief Tim Johnson, Flint Police, Flint Police Chief
Categories: Flint News, Michigan News, Politics