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Yup, you read that right! That gaming classic Worms from Team17 is now available to play on Facebook! After a closed beta period (that allowed the developers to fine tune the app) your favourite worm-warriors turn-based strategy game it's open to all, and, even better, free (for now…just wait for some "extra contents").
"Worms! The original turn-based strategy title from Team17 comes to Facebook, and this time those mischievous wormius-fistycuffius mean war!
Take on your friends in battle or challenge a random opponent from around the globe, utilising a selection of classic Worms weaponry: from the famed Bazooka to the devastating Banana Bomb!
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text:
Why Wikipedia might be the most important invention ever
Manu Saadia
Wikipedia turns 15 today. It may be one of the most important inventions in the history of humanity. I know it because of my kid.
Last week on our way to school he asked yet another question for which I didn't have an answer. It had something to do with quantum computing. My kid is painstakingly planning his mission to Mars, and after the rockets and the ship, he is now tackling the all-important matter of computer systems.
I only had a vague notion of what quantum computing is. So I did what every stumped parent equipped with a smartphone does these days. I looked it up on Wikipedia. Problem solved. Question answered. Dad rescued from haplessness.
This little victory in parenting reminded me of my own, much less tech-enabled childhood. One of the greatest moments in my life came when I turned 10 and got an encyclopedia for my birthday from my parents and grandparents. It was top notch: ten very heavy volumes, with tons of color illustrations, photos, formulas, definitions and even bibliographies.
That Encyclopedia was a total joy. I would spend hours going through it in alphabetical order. That was how I gained access to the most up-to-date, curated knowledge about the world.
It had a few drawbacks, however. Once published, it was set in stone, or rather in print. There was no changing or updating it so the rockets in the 'astronautics' article started to look a little dated when the space shuttle program became all the rage in the early 80s. In addition, only I and the other people who had purchased their own copies of the Encyclopedia could read its contents. If you wanted to look at it, you either had to buy it, go to the public library, or visit a friend who owned it. And of course, it was physically big, taking up a lot of the space on the shelves in my room, more than 50 pounds of paper and binding. There was no way I would be able to take the full run with me anywhere. If I was curious about something during the day, I had to make a mental note to search later that night.
Fast-forward to now. As knowledge repositories and commercial enterprises, paper encyclopedias have gone the way of the Dodo. The combined assault of hypertext, search engines and Wikipedia killed them, plain and simple. In 2012, Encyclopedia Britannica announced that it would no longer publish its printed version and focus on its website instead. This is quite a downfall from its prior heights. From its origins in Great Britain, Britannica had conquered the US market by way of mail order. Until 2004, one of Chicago's most iconic skyscraper was named the Britannica building, because Chicago was the mail-order capital of the world.
Overall, the death of print encyclopedias has been a good thing, a case where technological disruption worked for the greater good. The replacement, Wikipedia, is infinitely better. I can read up on the most asinine details of Kanye's life and oeuvre, or the Mongolian military (in both English and Mongolian), or quantum computing. I can even contribute my own edits to each and every article, which will be then approved or cleaned up through a rather convoluted and obscure process. Occasional wars erupt around controversial articles (George W. Bush's entry is the most heavily edited article ever - see the full list here.)
The crowdsourcing of articles is perhaps the most well-known feature of Wikipedia. At first it was derided by incumbent Encyclopedia publishers as amateurish and lacking in authority. However, as Wikipedia grew, it developed what computer scientists call emergent properties. The more the internet crowds flocked to it, the better Wikipedia became. Thanks to the embrace and involvement of its users, and a software platform that was specifically designed for that collaborative purpose, Wikipedia gradually turned into an evolving, self-corrective and self-improving entity.
All these features are absolutely splendid. But they pale in comparison to their ultimate effect. The most important aspect of Wikipedia, the reason why it is such a decisive, world-changing invention, is that it is what economists call a public good.
It fits the definition to a tee. Wikipedia is non-rival, that is, my usage doesn't limit somebody else from using it at the same time; and it is non-excludable, that is, unlike printed encyclopedias, nobody can put a monetary barrier to my usage. In fact Wikipedia is maintained by a non-profit foundation, which partly relies on voluntary contributions from the public (and yes, you should give them even a $1 every year).
As a public good, Wikipedia generates incredible positive externalities: it creates much more value to society than what it actually costs in money, in terms of power consumed by its servers and editors' time. And here's how: it is global. It is everywhere and in every language, even constructed ones from Esperanto to Klingon. It exists and prospers on the backbone of the internet. By being completely free and accessible, either through a network connection or as an offline DVD (or related media like phone apps), Wikipedia puts a good chunk of human knowledge at your fingertips, including how to build a nuclear weapon in your garage. You can use it as a base for further explorations. You can find answers to practically all of your questions from the extremely obscure to the more superficial.
Wikipedia is also a harbinger of things to come. I see it everyday with my kid and his unending stream of questions. It's not that he is particularly gifted or special. The reason he can even ask about quantum computing is a direct effect of Wikipedia's beneficial feedback loop. Unfettered access to knowledge makes him more inquisitive, and not the other way around. He asks increasingly complex questions precisely because he asked about regular, binary computing beforehand and got a response from me (which I culled from Wikipedia).
Now that he can type on his own, he searches Wikipedia himself. He is growing up knowing that any question on any topic has an answer online. The Encyclopedia is always there, in his dad's pocket or on the family's iPad. This is not just comforting. It is mind-expanding. It fosters wild and unimpeded curiosity: one question leads naturally to another question and another one and another ad infinitum. Knowledge becomes a game of chance, an expedition, with hypertext links and search boxes as propellers. Unlike me and my 50-pound, 10 volumes dead-tree Encyclopedia, there are seemingly no physical limits to what my kid can learn.
This is the world he is growing up in, where access to knowledge is truly free, exhaustive and pervasive. And if we know one thing about the history of humankind, is that when knowledge circulates freely, good things tend to happen. Just think for a minute of what happened in the aftermath of Gutenberg's printing press. It suddenly made knowledge available to people beyond monks and literate aristocrats. It gave people an incentive to read and write. Knowledge and ideas spread like wildfire. That radical democratization ignited the scientific revolution, the Renaissance and ultimately gave birth to the modern world. Thanks to that other public good, the worldwide web, Wikipedia is allowing for something similar, but at a much quicker pace and on a vastly more massive scale. It is hard to predict what untold progress and social transformations lie ahead of us as a result of such intensification in the free flow of knowledge.
One thing is for sure though: it makes the kids infinitely more curious and smarter than we could ever hope to be. Which bodes well for our species' prospects.
Manu Saadia, the author of Trekonomics, hails from Paris, France. He lives in Los Angeles where he helps tech startups get off the ground. His first and only passion is the future.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Writing unittests for abstract classes Consider this example:
class A:
    def do_stuff(self):
        # ...
        some_var = self.helper_method()
        # ...

    def helper_method(self):
        # This method must be implemented by subclass
        raise NotImplementedError()

class B(A):
    def helper_method(self):
        # implementation for class B

class C(A):
    def helper_method(self):
        # implementation for class C

My task is to write unit tests for A, B and C classes (especially for do_stuff).
But how can I test A class if I cannot use some of it methods directly?
Should I just test only B and C classes (which have implementation for helper_method)
or maybe there is common way for testing abstract classes in Python?

A: You don't really have an abstract base class, at least as far as the language is concerned. Nothing is stopping you from instantiating it.
a = A()

If you were using the abc module to define classes that you can't instantiate:
class A(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    ...

then you can make A instantiable by overriding its set of abstract methods:
A.__abstractmethods__ = frozenset()
a = A()
# test away

In either case, you can still test that an abstract method either raises NotImplementedError
try:
    a.helper_method()
except NotImplementedError:
    print("Test passed")
else:
    print("Test failed")

or test its default implementation as needed.

A: do_stuff exists on A, so test it on A. The helper methods exist on the concrete classes so test them there. You can use the unittest.mock module to temporarily patch the abstract class so it will work with your test, and also patching the abstract method to return a specific value -- so that its logic is not under test. Given all that, this is how I would test an abstract class.
Given some abstract class:
from abc import abstractmethod, ABC

class MyAbstract(ABC):
    def concrete_method(self):
        i = self.abstract_method()
        return i ** 2

    @abstractmethod
    def abstract_method(self):
        """return some int"""
        pass

This is how I would test it.
from unittest import main, TestCase
from unittest.mock import patch, Mock

from module_under_test import MyAbstract

class TestMyAbstract(TestCase):

    def test_cannot_instantiate(self):
        """showing we normally can't instantiate an abstract class"""
        with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
            MyAbstract()

    @patch.multiple(MyAbstract,
        __abstractmethods__=set(),
        abstract_method=Mock(return_value=3))
    def test_concrete_method(self):
        """patch abstract class  and its abstract methods for duration of the test"""
        # given
        my_abstract = MyAbstract()
        expected = 9

        # when
        actual = my_abstract.concrete_method()

        # then
        self.assertEqual(actual, expected)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

A: You should test logic, not the implementation. A's do_stuff() method has no logic itself, right? What it does depends on whether you are dealing with B or C. Instead it seems to me that it would make more sense to test B's and C's do_stuff() methods - you know what exactly they should do.

A: As @chepner has already answered your question, not to digress, but you should try to avoid using abstract classes in Python. Abstract classes don't or rather shouldn't serve much purpose much purpose in Dynamic DuckTyped languages like Python, Ruby etc. In Duck-typing as long as particular instance responds to a particular behavior, one shouldn't enforce it to be a child of a particular abstract class.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Rebecca Span is a visual designer with experience in a variety of fields branching across fashion, advertising, events and music. Based in Sydney.
Feel free to stalk her on Instagram + The Loop + Behance + Pinterest.


text:
4.1E: Exponential Functions (Exercises)
[ "article:topic", "license:ccbysa", "showtoc:no", "authorname:lippmanrasmussen" ]
Book: Precalculus - An Investigation of Functions (Lippman & Rasmussen)
4: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
Contributed by David Lippman & Melonie Rasmussen
Professors (Mathematics) at Pierce College
Sourced from The OpenTextBookStore
Section 4.1 Exercises
For each table below, could the table represent a function that is linear, exponential, or neither?
7. A population numbers 11,000 organisms initially and grows by 8.5% each year. Write an exponential model for the population.
8. A population is currently 6,000 and has been increasing by 1.2% each day. Write an exponential model for the population.
9. The fox population in a certain region has an annual growth rate of 9 percent per year. It is estimated that the population in the year 2010 was 23,900. Estimate the fox population in the year 2018.
10. The amount of area covered by blackberry bushes in a park has been growing by 12% each year. It is estimated that the area covered in 2009 was 4,500 square feet. Estimate the area that will be covered in 2020.
11. A vehicle purchased for $32,500 depreciates at a constant rate of 5% each year. Determine the approximate value of the vehicle 12 years after purchase.
12. A business purchases $125,000 of office furniture which depreciates at a constant rate of 12% each year. Find the residual value of the furniture 6 years after purchase.
Find a formula for an exponential function passing through the two points.
13. \(\left(0,\; 6\right),\; (3,\; 750)\)
14. \(\left(0,\; 3\right),\; (2,\; 75)\)
15. \(\left(0,\; 2000\right),\; (2,\; 20)\)
17. \(\left(-1,\frac{3}{2} \right),\; \left(3,\; 24\right)\)
18. \(\left(-1,\frac{2}{5} \right),\; \left(1,10\right)\)
19. \(\left(-2,6\right),\; \left(3,1\right)\)
20. \(\left(-3,4\right),\; (3,\; 2)\)
21. \(\left(3,\; 1\right),\; (5,\; 4)\)
22. \(\left(2,5\right),\; (6,\; 9)\)
23. A radioactive substance decays exponentially. A scientist begins with 100 milligrams of a radioactive substance. After 35 hours, 50 mg of the substance remains. How many milligrams will remain after 54 hours?
25. A house was valued at $110,000 in the year 1985. The value appreciated to $145,000 by the year 2005. What was the annual growth rate between 1985 and 2005? Assume that the house value continues to grow by the same percentage. What did the value equal in the year 2010?
26. An investment was valued at $11,000 in the year 1995. The value appreciated to $14,000 by the year 2008. What was the annual growth rate between 1995 and 2008? Assume that the value continues to grow by the same percentage. What did the value equal in the year 2012?
27. A car was valued at $38,000 in the year 2003. The value depreciated to $11,000 by the year 2009. Assume that the car value continues to drop by the same percentage. What was the value in the year 2013?
29. If $4,000 is invested in a bank account at an interest rate of 7 per cent per year, find the amount in the bank after 9 years if interest is compounded annually, quarterly, monthly, and continuously.
31. Find the annual percentage yield (APY) for a savings account with annual percentage rate of 3% compounded quarterly.
32. Find the annual percentage yield (APY) for a savings account with annual percentage rate of 5% compounded monthly.
33. A population of bacteria is growing according to the equation \(P(t)\; =\; 1600e^{0.21\; t}\), with t measured in years. Estimate when the population will exceed 7569.
35. In 1968, the U.S. minimum wage was $1.60 per hour. In 1976, the minimum wage was $2.30 per hour. Assume the minimum wage grows according to an exponential model \(w(t)\), where t represents the time in years after 1960. [UW]
a. Find a formula for \(w(t)\).
b. What does the model predict for the minimum wage in 1960?
c. If the minimum wage was $5.15 in 1996, is this above, below or equal to what the model predicts?
36. In 1989, research scientists published a model for predicting the cumulative number of AIDS cases (in thousands) reported in the United States: \(a\left(t\right)=155\left(\frac{t-1980}{10} \right)^{3}\), where \(t\) is the year. This paper was considered a "relief", since there was a fear the correct model would be of exponential type. Pick two data points predicted by the research model \(a(t)\) to construct a new exponential model \(b(t)\) for the number of cumulative AIDS cases. Discuss how the two models differ and explain the use of the word "relief." [UW]
37. You have a chess board as pictured, with squares numbered 1 through 64. You also have a huge change jar with an unlimited number of dimes. On the first square you place one dime. On the second square you stack 2 dimes. Then you continue, always doubling the number from the previous square. [UW]
a. How many dimes will you have stacked on the 10th square?
b. How many dimes will you have stacked on the nth square?
c. How many dimes will you have stacked on the 64th square?
d. Assuming a dime is 1 mm thick, how high will this last pile be?
e. The distance from the earth to the sun is approximately 150 million km. Relate the height of the last pile of dimes to this distance.
4.1: Exponential Functions
4.2: Graphs of Exponential Functions
David Lippman & Melonie Rasmussen


text:
Smicroplectrus quinquecinctus är en stekelart som först beskrevs av Johann Ludwig Christian Gravenhorst 1820.  Smicroplectrus quinquecinctus ingår i släktet Smicroplectrus och familjen brokparasitsteklar. Arten är reproducerande i Sverige. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Brokparasitsteklar
quinquecinctus

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
MaxNetAging
Participating Institutes
Other Collaborating Institutes
MaxNetAging Fellows
MaxNetAging Research School
We welcome the new cohort of the MaxNetAging Research School
The MPIDR welcomes the new cohort of the MaxNetAging Research School. Since February 1, 2016, 12 participants from six countries have been staying at the Institute for six months.
The MaxNetAging Research School (MNARS) is a stipend program launched by the MaxNetAging Network. The stipend program provides funding for doctoral and postdoctoral students from various academic backgrounds. This year's cohort includes researchers from various disciplines such as psychology, human development, neurosciences, social anthropology, demography, public health and policy studies. All of them will devote their research to the multi-faceted topic of aging.
At the beginning of the first year, the PhD students and postdocs spend an initial period of six months at the MPIDR. During this time, the fellows are provided with basic instruction to extend their specialization towards a broader perspective on aging research. Following the initial period, the PhD students and postdocs continue their education and research projects at the Max Planck Institute they are affiliated with.
Research Coordinator for MaxNetAging
The Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research in Rostock seeks to recruit a Research Coordinator for the Max Planck International Research Network on Aging (MaxNetAging). Please find the detailed job announcement here:
Research Coordinator (m/f)
Forschungskoordinatorin / Forschungskoordinator
PhD Positions available at MaxNetAging Research School
The MaxNetAging Research School is currently seeking applications for up to 8 doctoral fellowships, starting in February 2016. Please find more information as well as the detailed job announcement here:
Since February 2, 2015 the 12 participants from six countries have been staying at the Institute for six months. The stipend program provides funding for doctoral and postdoctoral students. The young researchers come from various academic backgrounds. This year´s cohort includes neuroscientists, evolutionary biologists, demographers, biodemographers, psychologists, anthropologists, molecular geneticist and economists. All of them will devote their research to the multi-faceted topic of aging.
Doctoral and postdoctoral fellowships
The MaxNetAging Research School is currently seeking applications for doctoral and postdoctoral fellowships, starting in February 2015. Please find more information as well as the detailed job announcement here:
MaxNetAging Conference 2015
The next MaxNetAging Annual Meeting will take place in Leipzig from 16-19.02.2015 and will revolve around the topic of "Male-Female Differences in Aging".
New series of events: Meet the expert
The Max Planck International Research Network on Aging has started a new series of events where young scientists have the opportunity to meet experts from various disciplines. The series is held with financial support from the Ernst Schering Foundation. The Foundation's core activities include the promotion of young researchers and of interdisciplinary projects.
In "Meet the Expert", as the series is called, an experienced scientist is invited at each meeting to give a talk, proceeded by a discussion. There follows an informal setting where young scientists have the opportunity to meet the expert and talk with him or her about issues such as the next career steps, career prospects after PhD completion and Post-Doc employment, and stays abroad.
Organized under the auspices of the Max Planck Society, the Max Planck International Research Network on Aging (MaxNetAging) provides a platform for international cooperation endeavors between 20 Max Planck institutes, a Max Planck Research Group, and outstanding scholars from other institutes. The declared aim of the network, interdisciplinary in nature, is to research into the causes, patterns, processes, and consequences of aging.
The interdisciplinary network gathers scientists from various different disciplines, ranging from cognitive science, neuroscience, biology, mathematics, economics and demography to art history, human development, and sociology.
At the heart of MaxNetAging is a Research School, consisting of a doctoral and postdoctoral stipend program.
Two central tasks of the Max Planck International Research Network on Aging and specifically the Max Planck Planck International Research School are to stimulate interdisciplinary networking and exchange and to provide participants with cross-disciplinary skills and knowledge.
"'Meet the Expert' helps us to accomplish these two tasks," says André Schmandke, Deputy Director of MaxNetAging.


As marrow can be used instead of courgette (zucchini for our over the pond friends), so can other meats could be substituted for wild boar in this Romanian courgette soup.
Use pork shoulder or neck, it works well with chicken also, but I'd stay away from the lamb meat.
The wild boar meat I used was pre-cooked (I cooked it for hours in a water bath) so the soup was done in under 30 minutes. Adapt the cooking time of the soup according to the meat that you are using.
If you choose to cook the meat directly in the soup, just let it simmer longer before you add the courgette.
As for the rest, just follow the "instructions" in the video clip. The exact quantities of the ingredients isn't that important.
Approx 50 grams of onions, 100 grams each of carrot and parsnip, 250 grams each of meat and courgette, 2 garlic cloves.
A bit of oil (olive oil can be used), 1 egg, 50 grams of creme fraiche or sour cream. Salt and pepper to taste, fresh dill as well.
This soup is rich but light at the same time, sweet from the veg but sour form the cream, mellow with dill and sharp with garlic.
It's by no means a most traditional recipe, more of my own take on it, but at the same time it hasn't strayed away too much from tradition.
« Curried cauliflower eggs with Swiss chard. Simple and tasty.


text:
T'Challa Rules in First "Black Panther" Poster
Marvel Studios has unleashed the first teaser poster for Black Panther which shows T'Challa (played by Chadwick Boseman) sitting upon the throne of the fictional Kingdom of Wakanda.
Check out the poster below and watch Black Panther in Philippine cinemas in February 2018.
Marvel Studios' Black Panther follows T'Challa who, after the death of his father, the King of Wakanda, returns home to the isolated, technologically advanced African nation to succeed to the throne and take his rightful place as king. But when a powerful old enemy reappears, T'Challa's mettle as king—and Black Panther—is tested when he is drawn into a formidable conflict that puts the fate of Wakanda and the entire world at risk. Faced with treachery and danger, the young king must rally his allies and release the full power of Black Panther to defeat his foes and secure the safety of his people and their way of life.
The film is directed by Ryan Coogler and produced by Kevin Feige with Louis D'Esposito, Victoria Alonso, Nate Moore, Jeffrey Chernov and Stan Lee serving as executive producers. Ryan Coogler & Joe Robert Cole wrote the screenplay.
Marvel's Black Panther will be distributed in the Philippines by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Follow the official social media accounts of Marvel, namely, (FB) MarvelPhilippines, (Twitter) @marvelstudiosph and (Instagram) @marvelphilippines.
Action | Drama | Sci-fi
Beyond Black Panther: 7 Must-Watch Chadwick Boseman Films
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INFOGRAPHIC: 'Black Panther' Character Investigation
Here's your crash course on everything you need to know about this superhero.
"Black Panther" Rules at No.1 with P258.57-M in 5 Days
The Lunar Year of the Dog? For now it's more like a strong Year of the Panther, as Marvel Studios' Black Panther lunged and clawed its victorious way to Philippine cinemas, posting a monumental opening weekend of Php 258.57-M.
"Black Panther" Breaks Record for Year's Biggest 1st-Day Gross in PH
Marvel Studios' Black Panther opened Wednesday, Feb 14 in the Philippines and scored the year's biggest first-day gross to-date with a staggering P45.10-M in box-office sales.
Long Live the King: 'Black Panther' is More Than Just a Comic Book Movie
With a running time of two hours and fourteen minutes, 'Black Panther' is full and satisfying but leaves you wanting for more stories about Wakanda, its people, and its king. Marvel's marketing was on point: there's a new king in town.
#BlackPantherSoLit: 6 Reasons Why Black Panther is Your New Favorite Marvel Superhero
After being introduced in 'Captain America: Civil War,' Black Panther gets his own standalone film, making the Marvel geeks so excited. Here's why this superhero will soon be your favorite Marvel character.
Boseman, Jordan, Nyong'o Lead "Black Panther's" Phenomenal Cast
The filmmakers of Marvel's Black Panther gathered an enviable ensemble of pedigreed cast, led by Chadwick Boseman as T'Challa/Black Panther, Michael B. Jordan as Erik Killmonger and Lupita Nyong'o as
"Black Panther" Holds Advanced Screenings Feb 13, 7PM Onwards
Due to popular demand, Marvel Studios' Black Panther will have advanced screenings on Tuesday, February 13 starting at 7:00PM onwards in cinemas nationwide – one day before its grand opening Feb. 14.
Ten Biggest Fun-Facts About Marvel's "Black Panther"
With barely a week before the film strikes in Philippines cinemas February 14, here are the ten biggest fun-facts about "Black Panther".
Meet the Warriors of Wakanda in Latest "Black Panther" Featurette
Wakanda Forever! The cast of Marvel Studios' Black Panther – Chadwick Boseman , Danai Gurira , Lupita Nyong'o, and Michael B. Jordan – showcase the fiercest and most accomplished fighting team, the Dora Milaje, in a new featurette.
Kendrick Lamar to Curate, Produce "Black Panther: The Album"
Kendrick Lamar is no stranger to "Black Panther" as his single "DNA" was featured in this past San Diego Comic-Con exclusive footage.
"Black Panther" Leaps from Page to Screen in New Featurette
Watch Black Panther go from comic book to the big screen in an all-new special featurette that's just been launched by Marvel Studios.
WATCH: Marvel Unveils New 'Black Panther' Trailer
Check out the new trailer of "Black Panther" and watch it in Philippine cinemas in February 2018.
Long Live the King in New "Black Panther" Poster
Marvel Studios has just revealed a new poster for Marvel Studios' "Black Panther" during the San Diego San Comic-Con.
Marvel Studios Begins Production on "Black Panther"
Chadwick Boseman, Michael B. Jordan, Lupita Nyong'o, Danai Gurira, Martin Freeman, Daniel Kaluuya, Angela Bassett, Forest Whitaker and Andy Serkis Star in the Newest Chapter of the Marvel Cinematic Universe
Ryan Coogler to Direct Marvel's "Black Panther"
It's official: Ryan Coogler ("Creed," "Fruitvale Station") will step up to direct Marvel's "Black Panther."
Netflix's 'Crime Scene: The Vanishing at the Cecil Hotel' Covers the Mysterious Death of Elisa Lam
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WHITE MEN CAN'T JUMP TO THIS CONCLUSION
The photographs that accompany the ``People Watch'' column in Plastics News are, as in many business publications, mostly those of middle-aged white men. In our case, most of the photos are of newly appointed or promoted executives at North American plastics processing companies. The industry is populated with plenty of capable executives who do not belong to that demographic group - including company owners, presidents and chief executives who are women.
As correspondent Clare Goldsberry recently reported, some women who lead these companies frequently run into outsiders who assume that they made it to the top only because they were born or married into the positions.
This stereotype is difficult to shake - it is also a burden to men who succeed their fathers in business. But the underlying attitude that spawns this thinking, that women are out-of-place, unfit, or unneeded in positions of authority in the plastics industry, is worth combatting.
Ford, GM need to target custom market carefully
Units of Ford and General Motors fancy themselves custom plastics processors, and each one says it wants to do more work for other automakers. The news could mean interesting times ahead for automotive plastic component suppliers.
GM's Delphi Automotive Systems group, which includes Delphi Interior & Lighting Systems, has an ambitious goal: to draw 50 percent of its sales from companies outside GM's North American operations by the year 2002, double the rate last year.
Delphi Interior & Lighting, with its 10 injection molding plants filled with nearly 600 presses, already makes parts for Mercedes-Benz, Ford, Chrysler, Jaguar, Lotus, Fiat - a real who's who in the car industry, according to Paul Tosch, the unit's general manager and a GM vice president.
Delphi Interior & Lighting's non-GM sales are now about 8 percent, and Tosch said he wants that to increase to 30 percent within five years.
Ford's Automotive Components Division also has targeted other automobile makers as customers, including Japanese transplants.
ACD is preparing major moves into areas including gas-assist injection molding, coinjection, in-mold decorating and low-pressure molding, according to Frank Macher, vice president and general manager of the parts division.
Captive molding operations like Ford's and GM's will have to choose their target markets carefully. They can draw on the huge resources of the mother company for global expansion, research and development, and plenty of purchasing clout with their suppliers. But they also will have to hold down costs to be competitive with the hundreds of custom processors that don't have the same bulky overhead of a major automaker.


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The Hyundai Green City (hangul:현대 그린시티) is a heavy-duty bus manufactured by the truck & bus division of Hyundai. Based on the Hyundai Aero City, it primarily available as short-body city bus and tourist buses.

The Global 900's main competitors with the Kia AM, Daewoo BS090 and Daewoo BM090.

First Generation (CY) 2002-2010

The First Generation Hyundai Global 900 was introduced in 2002.

Global 900 (August 2002-October 2004)

The Global 900 was launched in 2002 with two engine options, the diesel version is powered by Mercedes Benz OM906LA and Hyundai C6AB for the CNG version.

New Global 900 (November 2004-January 2008)

In 2004, the engine options were now updated, the diesel version has the new Hyundai DB9A  producing 260hp while the CNG version still comes with C6AB making 240hp.

In 2005, tourist versions are now available, the drivers protection bulkheads is now added as an option in 2006.

New Global 900 Facelift (January 2008-May 2010)

The Changes in 2008 is the replacement of the power antenna with the loop antenna. Diesel versions now comes with D6GA producing 250-255hp, D6GB producing 260hp, the CNG version is stuck with the C6AB still producing 240hp.

Green City (2010-present)

The Green City was launched in May 2010 with several changes, the CNG version has the new Euro 4 G240 replacing the C6AB and new taramat flooring. In 2011 CD Audio and MP3 player was added. In 2012, the G260 Euro 5 260hp engine is now added, and in 2015 the G280 Euro 6 280hp engine is also added.

In 2017, the ultrasonic sensors and Call buzzers have been added, and USB ports are also added to the audio system.

Lineup

 City Bus (LM-C)
 LM-EC (City Bus)
 LM-FC

 Intercity Bus/Private (LM-A)
 LM-GA
 LM-AA

See also

Hyundai Motor Company
Hyundai Aero
Hyundai Aero City
 List of buses

Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Low-floor buses
Coaches (bus)
Midibuses

Hyundai buses


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HOMEPAGE Thu, 01/23/2020 GMT + 7
Q & A Forum Sitemap	 Contact	 Vietnamese
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Malariology
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Y khoa Vietnamese medico-pharmaceutical information News Bao Binh Dinh
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Specific research studies Entomology
Mutant mosquitoes make insecticide-resistance monitoring key to controlling Zika
One of the most common insecticides used in the battle against theAedes aegypti mosquito has no measurable impact when applied in communities where the mosquito has built up resistance to it, a study led by <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Emory University finds.<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />
The study is the first to show how vital insecticide-resistance monitoring is to control the Aedes mosquito -- which carries the viruses that cause Zika, dengue fever and yellow fever.
The journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases published the research.
"The results are striking," says Gonzalo Vazquez-Prokopec, a disease ecologist at Emory and first author of the study. "If you use the insecticide deltamethrin in an area with high-deltamethrin resistance, it's the same as if you didn't spray at all. It does not kill the Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The efficacy is not different to a control."
The results of the randomized, controlled trial are important because some public health departments in places where Zika and dengue viruses are endemic do not necessarily monitor for insecticide resistance.
"The recent epidemic of the Zika virus has raised awareness that we need to focus on what really works when it comes to mosquito control," Vazquez-Prokopec says. "The data from our study makes a bold statement: Any mosquito-control program involving spraying insecticides needs to be based on knowledge of the current levels of insecticide-resistance of the local mosquitoes."
It is not difficult to determine levels of insecticide resistance, he adds. Public health workers can use standardized bioassays to coat a bottle with an insecticide in a specific dose. They can then introduce mosquitoes from the area to be monitored into the bottles and observe the number of them killed after 24 hours.
The current study -- conducted in three neighborhoods of Merida, Mexico -- measured the efficacy of indoor residual spraying against adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in houses treated with either deltamethrin (to which the local mosquitoes expressed a high degree of resistance) or bendiocarb (another insecticide to which the mosquitoes were fully susceptible), as compared to untreated control houses.
The bediocarb-treated areas showed a 60-percent kill rate for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes during a three-month period, while the deltamethrin-treated areas and the control areas showed no detectable impact on the mosquitoes.
It's a natural biological process for mosquitoes to mutate in response to insecticide exposure, Vazquez-Prokopec says. These mutations can occur at the molecular level, preventing the insecticide from binding to an enzymatic target site. They can also happen at the metabolic level -- when a mosquito's metabolism "up regulates" the production of enzymes that can neutralize the toxic effects of an insecticide.
"Both mechanisms can occur in the same mosquito," Vazquez-Prokopec says, "making insecticide resistance a challenging and fascinating problem."
Even more worrying are so-called "super bug" mosquitoes, that show resistance to more than one insecticide.
"You can't stop evolution," Vazquez-Prokopec says. "That's why it's important for countries to have resistance-monitoring systems at both local and national levels to help manage the use of insecticides more efficiently and effectively."
For the past 20 years, there has been a rise in resistance to insecticides in mosquitoes, particularly in the Anopheles genus, some of which transmit the malaria parasite. Anopheles mosquitoes only bite between dusk and dawn, so the use of bed nets in areas where malaria is endemic have long been a method to reduce the opportunity for mosquitoes to transmit malaria.
More than a decade ago, bed nets treated with pyretheroids -- a class of pesticides that includes deltamethrin -- were rolled out in Africa in a big way to fight malaria. Pyretheroids are commonly used because they are odorless, cheap, long-lasting and have low mammalian toxicity.
The widespread use of insecticide-treated bed nets eventually led to a rise in resistance to pyretheroids by the Anopheles mosquito. The nets, however, still provide a physical barrier between people and mosquitoes so they retain some benefit.
A similar rise in resistance is being seen in the Aedes mosquito in some areas. But the Aedes mosquitoes bite during the day, making bed nets ineffective and insecticide spraying campaigns more critical to their control.
Previous research led by Vazquez-Prokopec showed that contact tracing of human cases of dengue fever, combined with indoor residual spraying for Aedes mosquitoes in homes, provided a significant reduction in the transmission of dengue during an outbreak.
The insecticide-resistance study adds to the growing body of knowledge of what works -- and what doesn't -- to control the Aedes mosquito in order to lessen the impact of a mosquito-borne disease outbreak, or to prevent one altogether.
"We're always going to be chasing the problem of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes, but the more data that we have -- and the more tools we have in our arsenal -- the more time we can buy," Vazquez-Prokopec says.
1.Gonzalo M. Vazquez-Prokopec, Anuar Medina-Barreiro, Azael Che-Mendoza, Felipe Dzul-Manzanilla, Fabian Correa-Morales, Guillermo Guillermo-May, Wilbert Bibiano-Marín, Valentín Uc-Puc, Eduardo Geded-Moreno, José Vadillo-Sánchez, Jorge Palacio-Vargas, Scott A. Ritchie, Audrey Lenhart, Pablo Manrique-Saide.Deltamethrin resistance in Aedes aegypti results in treatment failure in Merida, Mexico.PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2017; 11 (6): e0005656 DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005656
(Source: www.sciencedaily.com)
Other news »
Some new discoveries on mosquito (05/27/2019)
Move over malaria: Mosquitoes carrying Zika, dengue may thrive in warmer Africa (10/17/2017)
Why malaria mosquitoes like people with malaria (02/23/2017)
New strategy to fight mosquitoes in a more efficient and sustainable way (09/01/2016)
Winning the war against malaria by beating its vector (05/25/2016)
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SPECIFIED IMFORMATION
Malaria facts
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Institue of Malariology Parastology and Entomology Quy Nhon
Address: 611B Nguyen Thai Hoc Str,. Quy Nhon City
Tel: (84) 056 846571 Fax: (84) 056 846755
• Designed by Quang Ich JSC


text:
Kapusta właściwa, rzepa właściwa (Brassica rapa L.) – gatunek rośliny należący do rodziny kapustowatych (dawniej zwanej rodziną krzyżowych). Rośnie dziko w Afryce Północnej (Algieria, Libia, Maroko, Tunezja). Jest uprawiany w wielu rejonach świata w licznych odmianach. W Polsce jest rośliną uprawną, ale występuje także w postaci zdziczałej (archeofit, efemerofit).

Morfologia
 Łodyga Wzniesiona, wyprostowana, rozgałęziająca się. Ma wysokość 60-120 cm.

 Liście Dolne lirowatego kształtu i owłosione, zielonego koloru, górne jajowate, ząbkowane, sine. Najwyższe liście całobrzegie. Swoją nasadą obejmują łodygę.

 Kwiaty Drobne, złocistożółtego koloru opłatkach długości 6-12 mm. Kwiaty przewyższają skupione na szczycie pędu pączki. Kwiaty słabo przedsłupne, samopylne.

 Owoc Łuszczyna.

Biologia i ekologia
Roślina jednoroczna lub dwuletnia. Zdziczałe formy rosną na polach uprawnych jako chwasty, na miedzach, przydrożach, rowach.

Zmienność
W systematyce kapusty istnieje wielkie zagmatwanie, różne klasyfikacje podają różne nazewnictwo. Według najnowszych ustaleń przeprowadzonych przez botaników Germplasm Resources Information Network, skupionych w towarzystwie The Multinational Brassica Genome Project w obrębie gatunku Brassica rapa wyróżnia się 10 podgatunków (stan na 2010 r.):
 Brassica rapa L. subsp. campestris (L.) A. R. Clapham – kapusta właściwa polna
 Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt – kapusta właściwa chińska
 Brassica rapa L. subsp. dichotoma (Roxb.) Hanelt
 Brassica rapa L. subsp. japonica Shebalina – kapusta właściwa japońska
 Brassica rapa L. subsp. narinosa (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt
 Brassica rapa L. subsp. nipposinica (L. H. Bailey) Hanelt
 Brassica rapa L. subsp. oleifera (DC.) Metzg. – kapusta właściwa olejowa
 Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis (Lour.) Hanelt – kapusta właściwa pekińska
 Brassica rapa L. subsp. rapa – kapusta właściwa typowa (rzepa właściwa typowa, rzepa)
 Brassica rapa L. subsp. trilocularis (Roxb.) Hanelt
Nazwy polskie (z modyfikacjami) na podstawie Krytycznej listy roślin naczyniowych Polski.

Zastosowanie
 Kapusta właściwa typowa, znana jako rzepa, jest uprawiana jako warzywo o jadalnej bulwie, popularne w strefie klimatu umiarkowanego na całym świecie. Odmiany o bulwach mniejszych, lecz delikatniejszych w smaku uprawiane są jako żywność dla ludzi, natomiast większe, lecz o mniejszych walorach smakowych uprawia się na paszę dla zwierząt hodowlanych. Rzepa jest często uprawiana w Europie, zwłaszcza w jej chłodniejszych rejonach. Dobrze aklimatyzuje się nawet w chłodniejszym klimacie, a jej bulwy mogą być przechowywane przez kilka miesięcy od ich zebrania. Dokładne miejsce pierwotnego występowania rzepy nie jest znane. Przypuszcza się, że warzywo to może pochodzić z Afganistanu, Pakistanu lub z rejonu Morza Śródziemnego. Rzepa była uprawiana w starożytnej Grecji i w Cesarstwie rzymskim. Znaleziska pochodzące z roku ok. 1500 p.n.e. z Indii świadczą o pozyskiwaniu oleju z nasion rosnącej dziko rzepy. Znaleziska neolityczne poświadczają występowanie rzepy (B. campestris) w chłodnym klimacie. Tę samą odmianę uprawiają współcześni farmerzy. Obecnie w Polsce uprawia się wiele jej podgatunków.
 Niektóre podgatunki (kapusta pekińska, chińska) są uprawiane jako warzywo dla jadalnych liści.
 Z nasion rzepy właściwej olejowej wytwarza się olej jadalny.
 Roślina lecznicza. Niektóre podgatunki i odmiany mają zastosowanie w lecznictwie.
 Roślina kosmetyczna. Niektóre podgatunki i odmiany wykorzystywane są do produkcji kosmetyków (szampony do włosów) i wytwarzania maseczek kosmetycznych.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Nowe odmiany kapusty

Warzywa
Kapustowate


Small and friendly. Accommodates self-contained units only, no showers. Next to a 9-hole golf course. Well groomed and maintained. Stayed here twice (total about 16 days), and will stay again whenever I pass this way. We camped at Ross Creek RV Park in a Motorhome.


I'll be the first to say that modelling is one of the most awkward things to do, especially in public. It's been over 2 years now since I've first started modelling and posing for my blog and Instagram pictures! I've learned so much over the past couple of years so I like to think that I've improved and gained some tips on one of the most awkward parts of being an influencer: posing.
It may look easy and effortless when you're scrolling through your feed, but as your typical awkward blogger here, it's no picnic. Sometimes it only takes about 5 photos to get the perfect shot with the perfect pose and the perfect angle, but sometimes it takes 200 photos. It's a mix of effort and luck, but it's always helpful to know a couple of poses up your sleeve to speed up the process.
My #1 tip: In most shots, standing on your tip-toes will make your legs appear much longer, toned, and feminine. This works wonders!
Literally! This always helps me loosen up and have fun. Posing is like dancing, and you have to find your rhythm. Especially if you're showing off a flowy dress or skirt, this is necessary in order to capture a great one!
For some odd reason, this creates the illusion that your legs are shaped better! Also, it's a great pose that gives a more candid moment. A super slow yet natural walk while the photog is snapping away is perfect!
3. Smile, pout, look up, look down, look to the side….
If you're still trying to figure out your best angles and looks, give your photoshoot plenty of options! Smile in some, be serious in some. Look to the side past the camera or look down dramatically or look down smiling! Do whatever feels natural and whatever feels most you, but it's always nice to have a diverse selection of photos to choose from!
4. Put your hands in your hair.
One of the most common poses is having your hand touch your hair. If it feels awkward to just have your arms hanging to your side, by all means, naturally brushing or playing with your hair in photos always works! The key to pulling this pose off well requires it to be as natural as possible! Tip: Don't put your hands in your hair too much. Once again, it's great to give your photographer versatility in your poses! Having your hands in your hair in all of the shots is a little repetitive.
5. Play with your garments.
If I'm working with flowy dresses and skirts, maybe I'll lift up the garment a little to show off the movement of the fabric. If I'm working with jeans, I'll put my hands in the pockets. If I'm working with sunglasses, maybe I'll pretend to take them off or put them back on. Natural little movements like these add more dimension and playfulness to your photos and highlight the garment you're showing off!
You can get some really great ideas on Pinterest (well at least definitely my Pinterest & Instagram ;)) on how to use props in your photoshoot. In this beach photoshoot, I brought along some citrus, a book, and a magazine and they added such a creative element! Holding up a book or magazine also solves the question "where do I put my hands?".
7. Pose profile and show the back!
Snapping some photos 360 degrees around also adds a lot more versatility to the selection. Don't forget about shots from the side and from the back! If you long hair like mine, these photos give you the chance to really showcase your locks!
8. Put your elbows behind your back.
If you slightly and loosely bend your elbows and place them a little bit back, stick your chest out, and relax your shoulders, it gives the appearance of a body curve when shot from the side.
Ok, were those tips or did I just welcome you to the world of Instagram fakeness?! I'm one that hates social media because of the fakeness associated with it, but I also love it because it's my job. Since I've learned what it's like behind the scenes of running a fashion blog, I've learned to separate what's real and what's not real. Though I truly enjoy sharing my modelling tips in general for anybody to do, it's important to always love yourself and don't compare yourself!
Good tips – you are a pro!


This is an electric power controller which implemented the bidirectional triode thyristor(TRIAC). This circuit can manage the electrical power using the a single variable resistor.
This circuit is applied for the dimmer which adjusts the light from the bulb. This circuit adjusts the quantity of the electrical current which flows via the load together with the bidirectional triode thyristor and controls the electric power. It truly is only the alternating voltage that may be controlled with this circuit and it is impossible to perform the control in the DC voltage.
Simply because it controls the passing time in the alternating current by the bidirectional triode thyristor, the electrical current which flows via the load is not the clean sine wave type. Due to the fact it's, there is limitation in the equipment which may be controlled with this circuit. The bidirectional triode thyristor is usually called by the trade name TRIAC.
The equipment which works by the resistance. Such as the the tungsten-filament lamp, the soldering iron and so on.
The equipment which is using the AC series motor(with the brush). Such as the drill, the electric fan, the cleaner and so on.


Every once in a while, I take Alice out to get her nails done. This is tricky because Alice can't hold her stroke affected hand still. It's like trying to wrangle an octopus that has lost three of its legs. Alice's brother had a friend coming over and in spite of prepping her for this, Alice can be on him or his mom like a bee in a flower. I decided that I would remove her from the situation, take her to lunch and practice some self-advocacy. I wrote up a note card with the simple question, "Excuse me. May I have a gluten free menu please?" Alice picked up the card and read it with the delivery of a practiced sitcom actor. "Excuuse me?!" Not quite Steve Martin, but you get the idea. After I suppressed my laughter, I corrected her delivery and let her practice. On the way down, we got to practicing without the card.
Alice executed perfectly, but the greeter misheard her. After three repetitions, I had to intervene. Need to work on a back up plan. When the waiter came, I instructed Alice to please, "tell the waiter what you can't eat." She looked up at him and said, "I can't eat gluten." adding "It makes me sick." Excellent. High fives all around.
After lunch, we went to the (new for us) nail place. It was on the far side of the mall from us so we had a nice walk. Along the way, Alice talked about every store we passed and highlighted what we could get for her there. We found the nail place and went it.
I explained to the woman helping Alice that I needed to help her out. Alice wanted a decoration and asked for a flower with a stem and pollen. Pollen? Yes, pollen. So that is what she got.
She explained that it said that I shouldn't have given her time-outs and not sending her to her room. I accepted it for what it was: an effort at honest communication. Certainly better than yelling at me.


CALAIS is located in WASHINGTON county, Maine at latitude 45.166045 and longitude -67.242434 with an elevation of 89 feet. The population of CALAIS is 3,308 as of the year 2005 with a population growth of -4.03% from the year 2000 through 2005. The most common zip code of CALAIS is 04619.


O objetivo do estudo é avaliar a orientação para a sustentabilidade de um projeto de inovação, fundamentando-se em três aspectos: a importância das dimensões do triple bottom line; os stakeholders envolvidos; e a natureza das competências necessárias para essa inovação. Analisa-se o caso do projeto do plástico verde da Braskem, a maior empresa química do Brasil e da América, e uma das maiores produtoras mundiais de biopolímeros. Assim, definem-se as seguintes proposições: P1: A inovação orientada para a sustentabilidade deve atender critérios ambientais e sociais, além do econômico; P2: A inovação orientada para a sustentabilidade deve atender a critérios multistakeholders, além dos acionistas; e P3: A inovação orientada para a sustentabilidade demanda maior presença de competências se comparado a projetos tradicionais. Os principais resultados apontam a predominância dos indicadores ambientais, a importância da cadeia de valor, e o conhecimento como base para a inovação orientada à sustentabilidade.
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Carroll, A.B., & Buchwoltz, A.K. (2000). Business and society: ethics and stakeholder management. Cincinnati: South-Western College Publishing, 4th.ed.
Cayuela-Valencia, R. (2013). The Future of the Chemical Industry by 2050. John Wiley & Sons.
Danneels, E. (2008). Organizational antecedents of second-order competences. Strategic Management Journal, 29(5), 519–543.
Danneels, E. (2002). The Dynamics of Product Innovation and Firm Competences. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 1095–1121.
Donaldson, T., & Preston, L.E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the corporation: concepts, evidence and implications. Academy of Management Review, 20, 65-91.
Elkington, J. (2001). Cannibals with forks and knives. São Paulo: Makron Books, 2001.
Epstein, M. J. (2008). Making sustainability work: best practices in managing and measuring corporate social, environmental, and economic impacts. Sheffield: Greenleaf Publishing Limited.
Epstein, M. J. & Roy, M. J. (2003). Improving Sustainability Performance: Specifying, Implementing and Measuring Key Principles. Journal of General Management, 29 (1), 15-31.
Fernandez-Gago, R. & Antonin, M. N. (2004). Stakeholder salience in corporate environmental strategy. Corporate Governance, 4 (3).
Frooman, J. Stakeholder influence strategies.(1999). Academy of Management Review, 24.
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Arts organiser
Artist Response
Starting to Construct
Spent an enjoyable morning constructing digital trial compositions. The proposal for the final artwork will need to be approved by the project board but experimenting with formats and software ensures as far as possible I have all the material I need when it comes to the final edit. I'm using simple software programmes to put images together with audio which has resulted in a very productive mornings work.
To aid the process of the layout of the piece I have asked the group to add information to a long piece of paper, the diagram is taking shape and I have taken the opportunity to map out some of the facts in separate documents. Something happens to text when it is moved from the paragraph to the diagram, it definitely helps the visual process.
My diagram text is typed, most of the documents we are looking at are hand written and at times hard to decipher (there are some printed exceptions). Last night on Start the Week on Radio 4, there was a conversation about 'the dying art of handwriting' – you can listen again via BBC website. It includes discussions about tweets, blogs and podcasts so the digital finds its way into the conversation also.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b01n61s3
Nicola Naismith
Context is half the work
The Individual and the Organisation: Artist Placement Group (APG) 1966 – 1979 at Raven Row, is a must see exhibition for anyone who is interested in context, dialogue and placements. APG sought to place artists within industrial situations, government departments and offices. By negotiating an open brief, removing the need for tangible outcomes, the artists were offered freedom to explore, discuss, debate and negotiate with those from a non arts background. My long standing interest in APG has taken me to the Tate Archive and to plan an in conversation event with Barbara Steveni at firstsite in 2011. Barbara undertook much of the correspondence relating to funding this new art practice model and negotiating the placements. With my interest in industrial contexts and processes out conversation focused on how success is measured within this way of working.
I have just received Pablo Helguera's book Education for Socially Engaged Practice. I'm starting to dip into it and opened the book on the page detailing Community, page 15 details four definitions of participation, the third is pertinent to this project:
"Number 3. Creative participation. The visitor provides content for a component of the work within a structure established by the artist.
I would say this project sits within this 3rd definition (the others are 1. Nominal Participation, 2. Directed participation and 4. Collaborative Participation). The added dimension is that this project is a commission so the terms have been set by the commissioner such as the historical focus and that the outcome should be digital. The History Detectives and I are engaging in a very interesting dialogue and we explore the materials together with help from archive staff. We will work together to select content to include in the final artwork.
As a process led artist, and one who works repeatedly on residencies I need to immerse myself as fully as possible within the site or subject. I enjoy working with 'non artists', people from different professional backgrounds and with different interests. This allows the process to be based on discovery, exploring terminology and documenting different visuals and processes. What I am having to do in this project is work without historical photographs which presents specific challenges, but it's good to have challenges to my existing process.
There is an outcome required for this commission, I'm starting to think about what this might look and sound like and will be asking the group to talk when we next meet on Thursday about a favourite document which relates to our focus.
http://www.ravenrow.org/
http://www2.tate.org.uk/artistplacementgroup/
http://pablohelguera.net/2011/11/education-for-soc…
In historical and archive circles there is an accepted convention that researchers must place themselves within the era and context of the document being explored. This probably helps to mitigate against feelings of shock and horror about how things were (for example living and working conditions). In the group on Thursday, Wendy spent time reading about the major occurrences in Norwich, and beyond during, 1821 and some years either side. George IV's coronation was in this year (most famous perhaps in creative and architectural circles as the person who commissioned the extension and decoration of the Royal Pavilion at Brighton).
At this time there was a proliferation of literature with Shelley, Keats, Scott and Byron all active with Constable producing the Hay Wain depicting a rural idyll. However in contrast 1821 was a time of agricultural difficulty. In the Norfolk Annals covering this year, there are records of petitions to Parliament being discussed about the harsh agricultural situation. Practically, there were moves to introduce gas lighting to Norwich and further afield the Manchester Guardian and the Sunday Times were founded in 1821 and 1822 respectively.
How such information finds its way into the artwork I will produce is unknown to me at this point. This is how it should be, as the process of working with the group, uncovering information and mapping it all is essential before the editing and construction processes of the artwork begins.
Michael Bland
While some of the group were exploring The Friars Society, one of the history detectives, Patricia and Laura from the Parliamentary archive explored a series of documents related to Michael Bland. Bland has been described in some notes compiled by the Parliamentary Archive as being 'a Quaker, a brewer and businessman. He was at the cutting edge of business, showing an interest in the newly emerging South American opportunities of the 1820's'.
The current Quaker meeting house in Norwich was built in 1826 and may form part of our walking tour of Norwich that we will undertake later in October.
The Friends are described on the Norfolk Quakers website as having 'absolute standards of probity and fairness in business brought many of them wealth and influence and their identity with scientific and medical research was matched by their concern for social reform and education' which links them with the activities of the Society of United Friars but it seems that Herring wasn't a member, but I'll probably need to check this.
There were some comments from the group that Bland is not the most exciting of characters but there are indications that he wasn't that active in Norwich at the time we are exploring so perhaps there may be further information in the parliamentary archive which we will visit at the end of the month.
http://norfolk-quakers.org.uk/?page_id=14
We gathered again last Thursday at the Norfolk Record Office to further explore documents from the strong room. Each document is related to the Land Act Tax and the five selected commissioners who were selected to be explored in further depth. The five commissioners we are exploring are Michael Bland, Elisha De Hague, John Harrison Yallop, Phillip Meadows Martineau and William Herring. Some of these names are very familiar around Norwich.
All the commissioners were involved in civic duties as elected Aldermen, Sheriffs and some as Mayors. Two of the group De Hague and Herring also belonged to the Society of United Friars. Elaine, one of the History Detectives spent the day exploring this quasi monastic group which met for the promotion of intellectual culture and social fellowship. Taking visual and procedural processes from monastic orders each member of the group would adopt the dress from a specific order. Initially formed in 1785, it later expanded its focus to include large scale charitable relief in the form of soup kitchens. The 'books of transactions', records of committee and conclave meetings regularly feature De Hague's name and later Herring also.
The notes are fascinating and the group were interested in both local and national developments in the arts and literature but also in progressive social reform. There is an entry which details information about the Robert Owens developments at New Lanark. His advanced systems of factory management and balancing of profitable business practices with workforce care, providing opportunities for education and development were innovative to say the least. These types of developments must have been of interest to the group in Norwich given the variety of factories within the city at the time. http://www.newlanark.org/robertowen.shtml
Working with the idea that 'process is practice', I work to commission, on residency and self initiated projects using historical and contextual research. Outputs include installation, photography, video and drawing in addition to research papers, blogs and artist talks. I am currently the Visual Artist Fellow on the Clore Leadership Programme 2017/18. www.nicolanaismith.co.uk
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>Other Wars
PRESIDENT ANDREW JACKSON - AUTOGRAPH LETTER DOUBLE SIGNED 09/03/1829 - HFSID 285943 - HFSID 285943
ANDREW JACKSONAs President, he signs an 1829 autograph letter to a Tennessee neighbor, explaining that he has neither the desire nor the financial means to purchase an offered parcel of land adjacent to his own. Autograph Letter Signed: "Andrew Jackson" as President, 1 page, 8x10. Washington, 1829 September 3. To Captain Peter Mosely. In full: "Being absent from this city at the Rip Raps for the benefit of my health I did not receive your letter until my return on the first instant and I hasten to answer it the first leisure moment that has occurred. I regret to say to you, that my monied concerns are not in a situation to purchase your land, I am sorry to be compelled to say to you, that my expense is equal to all my means, & it is out of my power to loan you the sum wanted. The land you propose selling; that part where McCulla lived, would not suit me; If I had the means to buy, I would buy that north of my tract, say 150 acres at a fair price, but as yet, I have not the means. Present me affectionately to your family & all my good neighbours & believe me, yr friend.
View Listing 285943
MAJOR GENERAL JAMES EWELL BROWN "JEB" STUART - THIRD PERSON AUTOGRAPH NOTE - HFSID 300024 - HFSID 300024
JEB STEWART Note handwritten as a lieutenant in the US Army, on duty at Fort Riley, Kansas Territory, signed in the text and accompanied by the original $3 bank note Stewart enclosed with it. Third Person Autograph Note, 1 page, 8x5. In full: "Be sure to direct $6 Lieut. J. E. B. Stuart Fort Riley K. T. P. S. I enclose also $3 more for which please send the Congressional Globe & appendix t P. L. Taylor, Fort Riley K. T. [Kansas Territory]." Accompanied by the $3 demand note, issued by the Phoenix Bank of Hartford, which Stewart forwarded with this letter.James Ewell Brown (J.E.B.) Stuart (1833-1864), called Jeb by his friends and by history, graduated from West Point in 1854, serving on the Western frontier. He participated in the capture of John Brown at Harper's Ferry. When he signed this note, Stewart was serving as Quartermaster of the 1st Cavalry, stationed at Fort Riley in the Kansas Territory. "Bleeding Kansas" was aflame with pro- and anti-slavery forces, seeking to determine by which system the Territory would enter the Union.
WILLIAM BARCLAY "BAT" MASTERSON - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED 12/31/1905 - HFSID 348287 - HFSID 348287
WILLIAM BARCLAY "BAT" MASTERSONHe pens a letter in correspondence to an individual stating they are relatives in which Masterson quickly replies with otherwise! Autograph Letter Signed: "W.B. Masterson". 2 pages, 8x10, loosely placed in 9½x11½ folio. Accompanied by original mailing envelope; heavily toned, soiled and worn. December 31, 1905, New York City, written to "Mr. Watson F. Masterson" of Ramsey, West Virginia. In full: "Dear Sir. Without going into details can assure you that we are not related; even remotely. My father was born in this state eighty years ago and moved to Illinois where I was born fifty one years ago. There are a great many families of Mastersons in Missouri and Iowa none of whom are related to mine. My father had but one brother and he was several years the eldest and has been dead about forty years and died without issue. Very respectfully." Masterson (1853-1921) was an American frontier gambler and buffalo hunter and a scout for the United States Army.
WILLIAM BARCLAY "BAT" MASTERSON - ANNOTATED TYPED MANUSCRIPT SIGNED - HFSID 280335 - HFSID 280335
WILLIAM BARCLAY "BAT" MASTERSONThis extraordinary document is a typed manuscript for Dodge City, The Cowboy Capital about Western lawman Bat Masterson, with a total of four handwritten corrections by him, including his very rare full signature. It was written by Robert M. Wright, former mayor of Dodge City, Kansas, and sent to Masterson, a former deputy in Dodge City, for his review. Annotated typed manuscript signed "William Barclay (Bat) Masterson". Black ink and lead pencil notations in unknown hand. 6 pages, 8½x11, bound with a needle at top edge. There are a total of four corrections on the first page. The first is Masterson's signature, correcting the title "W.B. Masterson (Bat)". He also corrected the initials "W.B." in the first sentence with "William Barclay". The other two corrections pertain to his candidacy for sheriff of Ford County, Kansas, which included Dodge City. He crossed out the "6" in "1876" and corrected it with "7". This extraordinary document is a short biography of Masterson written by Robert M.
GENERAL THOMAS GAGE - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED 01/16/1768 - HFSID 284907 - HFSID 284907
GENERAL THOMAS GAGE Important, 3-page ALS (1768) from Britain's military commander in North America to his Indian Commissioner: Strike a deal at the expense of the settlers! Autograph Letter signed: "Thos. Gage", 3 pages, 7¾x12½, front and verso. New York, 1768 January 16. To Sir William Johnson, Baronet. In full: "I have received your letters of the 24th, 26th Dec. and 9th Jan. The opinion you give of the general causes of the discontent of the savages, which originate from our growing power and their jealousy of our designs against them, I know no remedy against, but by doing them all the justice we can. If we can remove the settlers from their encroachments it will be a manifestation of our earnest desire to do them justice. And they have seen a person executed in New Jersey for the murther of an Indian, which must in some measure shew them we do what we can to give them satisfaction for the murter of their peoples, which tho only one example, is more than they have given us for the many white people they have killed at different times.
PRESIDENT ANDREW JACKSON - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED 10/23/1826 WITH CO-SIGNERS - HFSID 4708
ANDREW JACKSON and JOHN H. EATON The friends discuss their shared passion for race horses, and Eaton sends Jackson a gift of a pipe. When President Jackson appointed Eaton to his Cabinet, it triggered a major political scandal which changed the course of American history. Autograph Letter Signed: "A.J." on lower half of concluding page of 2½p Autograph Letter Signed (separate sheets) of John H. Eaton to Jackson, 8x9¾. Eaton's letter is written from Granville, North Carolina, 1826 September 12.Integral address leaf addressed by Eaton to General Jackson at "Hermitage, Davidson County, Tennessee" noting that it would be delivered by "Rev'd H.M. Cryer". In part: "The Sir Archie Horse sold to Mr. Cryer was bred by me-his Dam and grand Dam were very fine mares, of Roanoak's color-five feet three inches high ellegant (sic), compact and active...I am quite partial to old Archie, but think the Dam of Roanoak was certainly as fine or a finer Nag. In the Autumn of 1819 after covering some mares in the early part of the Spring, this Horse was trained & run at Warrenton. He was beaten by Mr. Drummonds Napoleon...
View Listing 4708
JOHN ENDECOTT - DOCUMENT SIGNED - HFSID 283508 - HFSID 283508
JOHN ENDECOTT This exceedingly rare document is from the very earliest history of the American colonies and Massachusetts! It's a five-line complaint signed by John Endecott, colonial governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, in Marblehead, Massachusetts in1649. Documents from this early in American history are rarely seen outside of private collections and are highly desirable! Framed to 10x6½ in a gold-colored frame with cream-colored matte. Document signed "Jo: Endecott Gov.". Brown ink and lead pencil notations in top left corner and at left edge. 1 page, 5½x1¼. Framed to 10x6½ in a gold-colored frame with cream-colored matte. Marblehead, Massachusetts, April 24, 1649. Five-line complaint. Endecott (c. 1588-1665), also spelled "Endicott", was a colonial governor (1629-1630, 1644-1645, 1649-1650, 1651-1654 and 1655-1664) and deputy governor (1641-1644, 1650-1651 and 1654-1655) of the Massachusetts Bay Colony in the New World. Endecott arrived with 60 other settlers in the Naumkeag, future site of Salem, Massachusetts and already settled by seceders from the Plymouth colony, led by Roger Conant.
PRESIDENT ANDREW JACKSON - PATENT SIGNED 07/01/1836 WITH CO-SIGNERS - HFSID 283909
ANDREW JACKSON His Presidential signature (bold and 6 inches long) on an 1836 patent for an improved machine to make ship's thimbles, also signed by Secretary of State Forsyth and Attorney General Butler, 11½x15½, framed with a portrait and biographic plaque to 29x25. Accompanied by a 3-page handwritten description of the device by the inventor, Prentice White. Patent signed: "Andrew Jackson" as President, "John Forsyth" as Secretary of State, "B. F. Butler" as Attorney General, 1 page, 11½x15½. Washington, D.C., 1836 July 1. Patent issued to Prentice White for [in part] "a new and useful improvement in the Machine for making Ship's Thimbles which improvements he states has not been known or used before his application; [White] hath made oath that he does verily believe that he is the true inventor or discoverer of the said improvement; hath paid into the treasury of the United States the sum of thirty dollars." Archivally double matted and framed with a seated portrait and a biographical plaque, to an overall size of 29.5 x 25.25.
PRESIDENT FIDEL CASTRO (CUBA) - DOCUMENT SIGNED 01/30/1959 - HFSID 286016 - HFSID 286016
FIDEL CASTRO Three weeks after gaining power, Castro signs a typed document authorizing transfer of documents and data to one of his lieutenants. Important Typed DS: "Fidel Castro", 1 page, 8½x11. Fortaleza de La Cabaña, Havana 1959 January 30. In Spanish. "From: Dr. Fidel Castro Ruz/To: All the Ministries".In full: "It is authorized to Captain Dr. ANTONIO NUÑEZ JIMENEZ to remove collections and documents and data to him, necessary for plans of the REVOLUTION." Dr.ANTONIO NUÑEZ JIMENEZ(1923-1998) served under Che Guevera in the revolution which brought Castro to power. He later organized geographic expeditions to locations around the world including the North Pole, Antarctica, the Andes, Amazon, Galapagos Islands and Africa. FIDEL CASTRO marched into Havana on January 9, 1959 and became Cuba's new leader. Fulgencio Batista had fled Cuba on January 1, 1959, after his government was overthrown by an armed revolt. After the fall of Batista, the Constitution of Cuba of 1940 remained in force for a very short period. It was almost immediately replaced by the Basic Law of February 7, 1959.
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MAJOR GENERAL ABREU - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED 05/02/1900 - HFSID 218052
ABREU (MAJOR GENERAL) The Major General requests status of civil and military elements, dated 1900! Autograph Letter Signed: "Abreau" in iron gall ink. 12½x8¾. Fully Translated in English: "Cobre, May 2, 1900. General Juan Pablo Cebreca.
FRANCISCO VICENTE AGUILERA - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED - HFSID 218110
FRANCISCO VICENTE AGUILERA The Cuban Revolutionary pens an affable letter to a friend regarding the organization of an army of hundreds of men with the appropiate armament Autograph Letter Signed: "Aguilera" in iron gall ink. Fully Translated in English: "Carlos Juan Manuel Maria. London, July 22, 1872.
FRANCISCO VICENTE AGUILERA The Cuban Revolutionary pens a letter to a friend regarding the departure of a Spanish general from the island and the victories the revolutionaries are accomplishing. Autograph Letter Signed: "F.V. Aguilera" in iron gall ink. 7x4½, 3 pages.
The Cuban Revolutionary pens a kind letter to a friend informing him about his plans for going to New York, the realization of a project and the neccesary immediate action of one of the revolutionaries Generals.
FRANCISCO VICENTE AGUILERA The Cuban revolutionary pens a respectful letter to another revolutionary asking him to look after the wife of one of the bravest Generals who is in deep misery! Autograph Letter Signed: "F.V. Aguilera" in iron gall ink. 8¼x10½.
FRANCISCO VICENTE AGUILERA The Cuban Revolutionary pens a letter regarding his experience living in a megapolis and his struggling with the English language. Autograph Letter Signed: "F.V. Aguilera", in iron gall ink. 7x4½.
FRANCISCO VICENTE AGUILERA - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED 03/20/1865 - HFSID 218115
FRANCISCO VICENTE AGUILERA The Cuban Revolutionary pens a letter to a friend to inform him about his health condition, plans for meeting with him and to reassure his willingness to solve problems peacefully. Autograph Letter Signed: "Aguilera" in iron gall ink.
FRANCISCO VICENTE AGUILERA - AUTOGRAPH MANUSCRIPT SIGNED 10/10/1871 CO-SIGNED BY: RAMON DE CESPEDES BARRERO - HFSID 218117
FRANCISCO VICENTE AGUILERA and RAMON DE CESPEDES The Cuban Revolutionaries write a letter to the American People telling them about the situation of their country and asking them for help on these 5½x8¼ sixteen sheets. Autograph Document Signed: "F.V. Aguilera" and "Ramon Cespedes" in iron gall ink.
BRIGADIER GENERAL JAMES L. ALCORN - AUTOGRAPH - HFSID 34215
JAMES LUSK ALCORN Small card signed by James Lusk Alcorn, Governor and U. S. Senator from Mississippi Signature: "J.L. Alcorn/Miss". 3½x2¼ card. Illinois-born Alcorn (1816-1894) was Republican Governor of Mississippi (1870-1871) and U. S.
BRIGADIER GENERAL JAMES L. ALCORN - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED 05/23/1873 - HFSID 33783
JAMES LUSK ALCORN James Lusk Alcorn wrote this letter to an autograph hunter from Friars Point, Mississippi in 1873. This letter includes his term as Governor of Mississippi. Autograph letter signed "J.L. Alcorn". 1 page, 5x8 ruled paper, mounted to a 5¼x8¼ sheet of orange paper.
MAJOR GENERAL H. LETHBRIDGE ALEXANDER - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED 06/21/1935 - HFSID 175052
HENRY ALEXANDER. Autograph Letter signed: "H. Lethbridge Alexander", 1p, 5¼x6¾. Aldermoor, Beaulieu, Hants (England), 1935 June 21. On personal letterhead. To "Dear Sir". In full: "I regret the delay in replying to your letter of 18th but I have only just returned fromWales.
GENERAL JOHN R. ALLEN - AUTOGRAPHED INSCRIBED PHOTOGRAPH - HFSID 295219
JOHN R. ALLEN The Commander of US Forces in Afghanistan is shown in his Marine uniform earlier in his career Photograph inscribed and signed: "To Jeffrey/Best wishes/John R. Allen/B Gen USMC". Color, 8x10. On July 18, 2011, GeneralJohn R. Allen (b.
GENERAL LEW ALLEN - AUTOGRAPHED SIGNED PHOTOGRAPH - HFSID 204052
LEW ALLEN. Photograph signed: "Lew Allen/JPL". B/w, 8½x11. General Allen was Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force from 1978-1982. From 1982-1989, he served as Director of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. Lightly creased, lightly worn corners. Fine condition.
GENERAL LEW ALLEN - AUTOGRAPHED SIGNED PHOTOGRAPH 1978 - HFSID 24005
LEW ALLEN. Photograph signed: "Lew Allen". Color, 8x10. General Allen was Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force from 1978-1982. He served on President Clinton's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (1993-1995) and as Director of the National Security Agency. Fine condition.
CAPTAIN SCOTT ALTMAN - PRINTED CARD SIGNED IN INK - HFSID 264127
SCOTT ALTMAN His ink signature on a card with printed space shuttle image Printed Card signed in ink: "Scott Altman", 5x3½ card, Printed image of a space shuttle on left side of card. Scott Altman (b. 1959) was a Marine fighter and test pilot.
JEFFERY AMHERST - MANUSCRIPT LETTER SIGNED 10/10/1793 - HFSID 285032
Signed Manuscript Letter as Commander in Chief of the British Army (1793) informing a Major Alexander Hume that he has been appointed to a post in the Scotch Brigade. Framed with an engraving of Amherst to an overall size of 18½x15½.
WILLIAM PITT "1ST EARL OF AMHERST" AMHERST - AUTOGRAPH DOCUMENT SIGNED 10/14/1820 - HFSID 23673
WILLIAM PITT AMHERST (FIRST EARL OF AMHERST) His handwritten pass admitting the bearer to the House of Lords Autograph Document signed: "Amherst", 1p, 4½x4½. (London), 1820 October 14. In full: "Admit the Bearer below the Bar of the House of Lords on Tuesday next.
ADMIRAL ALFONSO ARAUJO - AUTOGRAPHED SIGNED PHOTOGRAPH - HFSID 142626
ALFONSO ARAUJO Photo signed by the Spanish admiral Photograph signed in Spanish: "Alfonso Araujo/almirante de la/marina española". B/w, 6½x8½ overall, image 5½x7½ (one surface). This admiral of the Spanish navy, shown here in uniform, merits further research. Lightly creased.
REAR ADMIRAL CONWAY H. ARNOLD - AUTOGRAPH - HFSID 24013
ADMIRAL CONWAY H. ARNOLD. Signature: "C.H. Arnold/Rear Admiral U.S.N.", 5½x3, imprinted at top: "United States Ship Maine". On December 16, 1907, President Roosevelt sent the Great White Fleet of 16 battleships on a cruise around the world, returning home on February 22, 1909.
H.O. ARNOLD-FORSTER - CLIPPED SIGNATURE - HFSID 81091
H.O. ARNOLD-FORSTER British politician and former Secretary of State for War signs his name in gray ink Clipped signature: "H.O. Arnold-Forster" in gray ink. 4x1¼, affixed to 7½x6½ piece of paper. H. O.
COLONEL EMILIO AVALOS Y ACOSTA - MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENT SIGNED CO-SIGNED BY: PEDRO LLANES - HFSID 218099
EMILIO AVALOS Y ACOSTA and PEDRO LLANES The Colonel writes Chief Commander Pedro Llanes to certify the good conduct of Commandant Jose Lauvas y Osuna Manuscript Document Signed: "Emilio Avalos" and "Pedro Llanes" in iron gall ink. 10x8.
EMILIO BACARDI Y MOREAU - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED - HFSID 218043
EMILIO BACARDI Y MOREAU The Cuban business-man pens a receipt to some clients of his rum company. Autograph Letter Signed: "Bacardi Y." in iron gall ink. 8¼x5¼. Fully Translated in
EMILIO BACARDI Y MOREAU The Cuban business man an activist writes a list to some clients referring to some expenses such as: red beans, milk cookies, anemones and books. Autograph Letter Signed: "Bacardi Y." in iron gall ink. 10¾x8½. Full Translated in English: "I am still fighting , March 29, 1864.
EMILIO BACARDI Y MOREAU The Cuban business man and activist writes a letter to friend Luis Manuel thanking him for his letter and referring to an assembly and the end of the war! Autograph Letter Signed: "Bacardi" in iron gall ink. 11x8½. In Spanish, Illegible.
EMILIO BACARDI Y MOREAU The Cuban business man and activist writes a letter to some clients informing them that his company has sent them the requested liquor. Autograph Letter Signed: "Bacardi" in iron gall ink. 10½x8. Fully Translated in English: "Cuba, February 1, 1884. Messrs. G. Bravet and Sauntanamo.
GEORGE E. BADGER - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED 07/01/1841 - HFSID 291745
GEORGE E. BADGER Two months before he resigned in protest from the Tyler Administration, Navy Secretary Badger replies to a woman seeking a naval apprenticeship for her son. Autograph Letter signed: "Geo. E. Badger" as Secretary of the Navy, 1 page, 7¾x9¾.
GEORGE E. BADGER - AUTOGRAPH LETTER SIGNED 1/20 - HFSID 17166
GEORGE E. BADGER. ALS: "Geo. E. Badger", 2p, front and verso, 5¼x8. Raleigh, (no year) January 20. In part: "Your telegraph last night took me completely by surprise. Carroll has failed and is no longer infallible...I telegraphed you last night that I could not come...
GEORGE E. BADGER - MANUSCRIPT LETTER SIGNED 05/24/1841 - HFSID 17182
GEORGE E. BADGER. Manuscript LS: "Geo. E. Badger" as Tyler's Secretary of the Navy, 1p, 8x10. Navy Department, 1841 May 24.To Assistant Surgeon William Grier, U.S. Ship Cyane, Norfolk.In full: "The Department has learned from the reports of the Commandant of the U.S.
COMMODORE WILLIAM BAINBRIDGE - ENGRAVING UNSIGNED - HFSID 174775
COMMODORE WILLIAM BAINBRIDGEThe U.S. Navy Commander is depicted in this 9½x12 engraving that features his facsimile signature underneath Engraving Unsigned: facsimile signature at bottom "W. Bain bridge" on a 9½x12 sheet of paper. Actual image 3½x4½. Underneath in small type: "Engraved by J.W.
MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM A. BECKER - AUTOGRAPHED SIGNED PHOTOGRAPH - HFSID 171667
WILLIAM A. BECKER. Photograph signed: "W A Becker/Maj Gen, USA". B/w, 8x10. Official U.S. Army photo. Major General William A. Becker was Chief of Legislative Liaison for the Army. Creased.
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