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[Updated] Looking to disable Google Chrome Reading list: Here's how to remove it from Bookmarks bar
Zohaib Ahmed Nov 11, 2021 Apps, Bugs and Issues, Google, News, Standalone, web browser, Windows
Here's the crux of the article in video form:
Original story (published on March 16, 2021) follows:
The latest iteration of the Google Chrome browser carries a version number of 89 and was merged into the stable branch early this month. The update brings about several new features.
For the uninitiated, the profiles module has received a big revamp with the update where each user can now customize their profile with a custom background and play around with various themes and color schemes.
The update also implements support for WebHID, which in short is an API that allows web applications to interact with human interface devices (HID) like VR controls, gamepads, and joysticks.
And last but not least is the new Google Chrome Reading List feature that allows users to save stuff they find worth reading for later or maybe just for archiving purposes.
Prior to this, people were dependent on third-party plugins like Pocket for the same purpose, but it's now great to see Chrome have its very own built-in function.
Nonetheless, to add stuff to Chrome's Reading List, simply hit the star icon inside the address bar and then select "Add to Reading List".
Such saved sites can then be conveniently accessed from the far left of Chrome's bookmark bar, as shown in the above image.
This implementation, however, hasn't gone down well with everyone. Many are now complaining that the Reading List option eats up too much of the bookmark bar's space – space that could otherwise be used to keep additional bookmarks in view.
Therefore, some users have been seeking a way to hide it altogether.
So this "Reading list" just appeared near my bookmarks and it's taking too much space that I need for my bookmarks. I wonder how can I get rid of it.
How to hide – Reading list from bookmark. It was bugging the heck out of me, just appeared out of nowhere today.
Fortunately for you, we managed to lay our hands on a simple solution.
You may be aware that Google Chrome gives users a great degree of control over its features through the Flags. And while most of the stuff under it may be experimental, it does end up serving quite well for those looking for a way to customize Chrome beyond what it permits on its front-end.
This very feature is now going to help us remove the Reading List from the bookmarks bar on Google Chrome by disabling it entirely. Simply follow the steps given below for immediate results:
NOTE: If you want to learn about Google Chrome Reading List on Android, head here.
1. Enter chrome://flags/#read-later into the address bar and hit the Enter key.
2. Select "Disabled" from the drop-down list next to the Reading List option.
3. Restart Chrome.
Of course, the above series of steps are completely valid across any desktop operating system – be it macOS, Windows, or Linux.
Rather simple isn't it? Hopefully, the workaround did the job for you. If it indeed did, be sure to inform us in the comments below.
Update 1 (March 17)
It's worth noting that like it's usually the case in phased rollouts, the Reading List feature may not be available for everyone (as it has just started rolling out). The only way to get rid of it at the moment is the one which we have described above.
However, if you don't want to walk that path, but want Google to roll back the feature instead, then it's worth knowing that a rollback will only happen when a lot of users send negative feedback about the feature to the company. So the best you can do is to send your views as feedback to the company.
Take a look at what a product expert at the community recently said regarding this (translated):
It's not in my environment
I think it's probably applied sequentially or in the form of "distributed as a test to a small number of people"
As is often the case with Google, if you want to apply it to everyone at once
We may pre-apply to 5% or 10% of users to see the reaction in advance.
Eventually it will be applied to all
I think that it will be withdrawn at a small number of times if it is a fatal defect or a big unpopularity.
(Isn't there a lot of visible withdrawals?)
I think it's good to send "Jamada" as an opinion
I think it's good to send feedback and say, "I'm getting more and more obstructive to the reading list. I want to get rid of it."
For those of you naive, the flags show up under the Experiments until a feature becomes part of the stable update and is forced to all devices. That's the reason why sharing your feedback while the feature is still being tested becomes all the way more important.
So if you don't like the Reading list feature and don't wish to get stuck with it forever, make sure you share your opinion with the developers. Take a look at how a product expert at the community has explained this:
I would also like to recommend that if you don't like the function, send your opinion to the Chrome team about what aspect you don't like, or why you don't like it:
Report a bug or feedback on Chrome – Google Chrome Help
It is very important that you do this, since these comments will be received directly by the Chrome team (they do not usually go through the forums in Spanish). Also, it is important because if this function is set to the stable version for everyone, the flag will eventually be removed, and there will be no way to disable the option.
Here's a feedback example given by the expert:
For example, what I do not like is the fact that when I click on the bookmarks star it asks me if I want to save it as a bookmark or I want to save it in the reading list: I would prefer that the dialog that always appears, with an option to save it to the reading list.
We're conducting a poll to understand whether or not users like the Reading list feature. So share with us your opinion by casting a vote below:
Time for Poll!
Google Chrome Reading list feature: Yay or nay?
Vote below and read our coverage here: https://t.co/fw0Q4ueiCr#Google #GoogleChrome #ReadingList #Android #feature #poll
— PiunikaWeb (@PiunikaWeb) March 17, 2021
One of the readers in the comments section has shared that for some reason the "#read-later" flag is not working for them. Changing it to "#reading-list" did the trick for them. So just in case, you are facing the issue, try it this way.
It looks like more and more users are now taking to the community to share their opinion about the Reading list feature. Sharing the same workaround (as we did in this article) to disable the feature, a product expert at the Chrome community recently said:
While many are over the moon with 'Reading List' on Chrome, not everybody is keen to keep it.
Essentially, it's Google's response to the Collections feature on Microsoft Edge.
Going by the information coming from one of the product experts at the Chrome community, despite testing, the Reading list feature has been enabled for some while it's disabled for others. Flags are the only option to control the feature as of now. Here is what they have to say (translated):
Generally this is a new feature in Chrome – although we tested it – some users have it turned on, others have it turned off. And to control what you can use flags.
While responding to one of the inquirers, a product expert has specified the workaround mentioned in this article is just a temporary solution, as in the future, the flag will be taken away and the feature will become permanent.
remember that this way of removing the function is temporary, and that in the future that flag will be eliminated and the function cannot be disabled in this way (let's see if we can find another one).
What if features like Reading List & Tab Groups were all under user control through the Google Chrome flags utility even when they hit stable? Let us know your thoughts by voting on this poll.
A Redditor has highlighted that the 'Tab groups' and 'Tab grid layout' flags will be permanently disabled with the Chrome version 90 update. But they can be accessed temporarily for now. Here's how:
These flags are set to expire in Chrome 90. After that you can access them temporarily by setting chrome://flags/#temporary-unexpire-flags-m90 until they're removed permanently. (Source)
Update 10 (March 29)
Don't like the Google Chrome Reading list in the bookmarks bar? You may soon not only be able to hide but also move it to the Chrome toolbar beside the address bar. For more details, head here.
Update 11 (April 15)
After installing the latest Chrome update, you'll not have to disable Reading List by using the flag. Google Chrome version 90 now lets users hide the Reading list feature.
A right click on the Bookmarks Bar now shows a new "Show Reading List" option in the menu. So one can use this option, to see or not see the Reading list.
Update 12 (November 08)
Reports from Google Chrome and ChromeOS users reveal that there might be an issue with the Reading List feature.
After updating my Chrome, the Reading List is not working anymore, I can only bookmark the current tab but whenever I want to add a current tab to the reading list, the button is greyed out and not working.
According to these users, Reading List doesn't work — "add to current tab" button is always grayed out, and the option doesn't pop up when they hit star to bookmark
A user has even confirmed that the Reading List feature does not even show up in the 'Experiments' tab in the Chrome flags settings.
Has anybody else lost the "Reading List" feature on the latest version of Chrome on Android? It is no longer in the "Experiments" tab, and I can no longer add a page to Reading List via bookmarks, or even via long press and "Read Later". All trace of reading list and my 50+ websites are all gone! (Source)
A user who has also been facing this issue might have found a way to sidestep this bug by right-clicking the tab, going to save to the reading list and selecting on "Add tab to reading list".
I've found another way that is to right-click the tab on the top of the page I want to save to the Reading List & select the "Add tab to reading list".
Note: Following are some of our other articles in this series:
Google Chrome Reading list on Android: Here's how to enable and use it
Google Chrome Reading List Sync: Here's how to do it across devices
Planning to get rid of Google Chrome Reading List or love the feature? Vote in this poll
PiunikaWeb started purely as an investigative tech journalism website with a main focus on 'breaking' or 'exclusive' news. In no time, our stories got picked up by the likes of Forbes, Fox News, Gizmodo, TechCrunch, Engadget, The Verge, MacRumors, and many others. Want to know more about us? Head here.
Tags : bookmarks bar,chrome 89,Google,Google Chrome,google chrome reading list,reading list
[Poll results out] Should Warzone get back option to purchase bundles via Armory instead of being exclusive to the Store?
[Update: Ack.] YouTube results loop bug (showcasing same bunch of videos on scrolling down) troubles users (potential workaround inside)
Zohaib Ahmed
Simply love being surrounded by technology as it's a constant reminder of how far humans have advanced as a race. Every new development feels exciting, which I convey to others through writing. And after a day's work, gaming just feels therapeutic.


24 Useful Tattoos That Have A Practical Application.
A lot of people today like to get tattoos for a number of reasons. That's why they're so popular. Some might get one to honor someone special in their lives, some might get one to signify a milestone in their lives, or some simply get them just to have them as art on their body. Although none of these tattoos sound particularly useful to these people, they're still very much special to them.
There are, however, tattoos that exist that are actually used in a practical way. Usually these tattoos are useful to people in particular professions or people who might find themselves in specific situations. Some tattoos could even save a person's life in a life or death crisis where the person's unknown medical conditions are needed.
Take a look below at some of the most handy and practical tattoos a person could have. Who knows, maybe it'll help you think of a practical tattoo idea for yourself.
Not a practical tattoo for everyone, but this portable eyesight checker would be great for ophthalmologists who travel around a lot or live on the countryside.
A great tattoo for any woodworker-designer, construction builder, or architect. When you don't have a ruler or measuring tape on hand, this arm will be very helpful.
For situations where a person might end up in a tragic accident where they'll be put on life support, these guidelines would be helpful for the doctors and nurses taking care of the patient.
A great tattoo for a chef or baker. Using teaspoons, tablespoons, and measuring cups can be a pain. Having these measuring tools literally on hand will make cooking go by a lot easier and faster.
A tattoo that is perfect for the commuter who takes the subway everyday. Never look at a map again that isn't on your belly.


A portable display device capable of presenting a document in an easy to read format, in which a simultaneous display of different parts of the document in reasonable sizes can be made, by a simple operation of the device. The display device comprises a document memory for storing documents to be displayed, at least two display screens for displaying the documents stored in the document memory means, and a display control unit for controlling displays of the documents on the display screens to be in a linked mode in which the displays on the display screens are linked together and in a separate mode in which the displays on the display screens are independent from each other.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/113,637, filed Aug. 31, 1993, now abandoned.
The present invention relates to a display device for displaying documents containing text and other data for the sake of reading of the documents.
A conventional portable computer device has been equipped with a display facility comprising a single display screen. In this conventional display facility, when a long text which cannot be contained entirely within this single display screen is to be read, it has been necessary to use the scroll function such that the displayed portion can be shifted sequentially.
Now, when there is a figure in the document followed by a lengthy explanation of this figure, there is a possibility that the figure itself moves out of the display screen and therefore cannot be seen while a reader reads through this lengthy explanation. Similarly, when the explanation of the symbols to be used in the later parts of the document Is given collectively in an earlier part of the document, until the reader gets thoroughly familiar with the symbols, the reader must go back to the earlier part very frequently while reading the later parts.
In these circumstances, if the document is presented in a form of a book, the reader can mark the earlier part to be looked back easily by means of a finger or a bookmarker, so that the reader can go back and forth between the earlier part and the presently reading part very easily. However, in a case of an electronic display device such as that provided on a conventional portable computer device, it is quite cumbersome to switch the displayed pages frequently, and in addition it is difficult to read smoothly as the earlier part and the presently reading part cannot be seen simultaneously.
This difficulty can be resolves by using the multi-window function, such that two different parts of the document can be displayed simultaneously in two different windows. Here, the multi-window function can be furnished either by dividing the display screen or by allowing an overlap of one window over another.
In a case of dividing the display screen, the displayed content of each window remains entirely visible within each window so that the problem concerning the impossibility of the simultaneous display of two different parts can be resolved, but because the display screen itself has a limited size especially in a portable computer device, the amount of data that can be presented in each window at any one moment is rather limited, such that the overview of the entire document is hard to comprehend and it actually requires a longer time to read the document.
On the other hand, in a case of using a plurality of windows in overlap, when the amount of data that can be presented in one window is increased, the overlapped portion becomes large and the displayed content of the overlapped window becomes invisible, so that the problem concerning the impossibility of the simultaneous display of two different parts cannot be resolved.
Moreover, in either case, the reader is required to carry out the manipulations of the windows, which can be quite cumbersome.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a portable display device capable of presenting a document in an easy to read format, in which a simultaneous display of different parts of the document in reasonable sizes can be made, by a simple operation of the device.
This object is achieved in the present invention by providing a display device, comprising: document memory means for storing documents to be displayed; at least two display screens for displaying the documents stored in the document memory means; and display control means for controlling displays of the documents on the display screens to be in a linked mode in which the displays on the display screens are linked together and in a separate mode in which the displays on the display screens are independent from each other.
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of one embodiment of a portable display device according to the present invention.
FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the display device of FIG. 1 in a state of folding the display screens face to face.
FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the display device of FIG. 1 in a state of folding the display screens back to back.
FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of the display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 4 is an illustration of a basic function menu used in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 is an illustration of a page menu used in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 is an illustration of page manipulation mode selection icons and linked page switching mode selection sub-menu.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are sequential illustrations of both sides switching mode and one side switching mode in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 8A, 8B, and 8C are illustrations of various displays in the linked mode in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart for a border treatment operation in a case of a wide display function in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 11 is an illustration of various external devices connected with the display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 12 is a flow chart for a secret protection operation at a time of transferring of the document in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 13 is a flow chart for a secret protection operation at a time of displaying of the document in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 14A and 14B are illustrations of the display device of FIG. 1 displaying a keyboard image and a ten keys image.
FIGS. 15A and 15B are illustrations of two displays in the separate mode in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a pen input mechanism that can be incorporated in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 17 is an illustration of entered pen inputs using the pen input mechanism of FIG. 16 in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 18 is a flow chart for a pen input operation in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIGS. 19A and 19B are illustrations of an entered pen input and a stored pen input data in the display device of FIG. 1.
FIG. 20 is an illustration of a display with pen input marks in the display device of FIG. 1.
Referring now to FIG. 1, one embodiment of a portable display device according to the present invention will be described in detail.
In this embodiment, the display device 100 generally comprises two left and right display screen units 1 and 2 which define display screens A and B, and which are attached together by a hinge 3 provided therebetween to be freely spread out flat or folded up in half. On edges of these display screen units 1 and 2, there are also provided a plurality of operation buttons 4 to 7, at positions at which a thumb is going to be located when the device 100 is held in a manner of holding a book. In a configuration shown in FIG. 1, the operation buttons 4 and 7 are provided on a lower left edge of the display screen unit 2 and a lower right edge of the display screen unit 1, respectively, while the operation buttons 5 and 6 are provided on central bottom edges of the display screen units 2 and 1, respectively. A number of these operation buttons may be increased or decreased according to the need.
In addition, the device 100 is further equipped with an electronic pen 10 to be used for a handwriting input and a menu selection on the display screen units 1 and 2, and an external device connector 11 for connecting this display device 100 with external devices. The external device connector 11 may be provided on a bottom edge of either one of the display screen units 1 and 2 instead of a top edge of one of the display screen units 1 and 2 as shown in FIG. 1, such that a connection code to be connected at the external device connector 11 would not obstruct the operations to be made by the user.
As shown in FIG. 2A, the display screen units 1 and 2 can be folded up completely, face to face with each other, such that the display device 100 can be carried in hands easily while protecting the display screens A and B of the display screen units 1 and 2 as well as the operation buttons 4 to 7.
Also, as shown in FIG. 2B, the display screen units 1 and 2 can be folded up completely, back to back with each other, such that the display device 100 can be held in one hand while operating the display device 100. Here, it is possible to provide a switch mechanism for detecting such a folding of the display screen units 1 and 2 back to back, and erasing the display on one of the display screen units 1 and 2 that is to be a back side (the default setting is the display screen unit 1 which comes to the left side in the spread). With such a switch mechanism, the secrecy of the displayed content can be maintained with respect to the surrounding people to whom the back side display screen is visible, and in addition, an unnecessary battery power can be saved such that the display device 100 can remain in an operable state for a longer period of time. It is also possible to make each one of the display screen units 1 and 2 to be capable of being activated/inactivated (i.e., turned on/off) separately such that the unnecessary battery power can be saved by inactivating an unnecessary one of the display screen units 1 and 2 whenever possible.
The display device 100 has an internal configuration as shown in FIG. 3, which is similar to that of a usual micro-computer device except for the presence of the two display screens A and B and various operation switches. The commands entered from the input means such as the operation buttons 4 to 7 and a pressure sensor 15 provided over the display screens A and B are converted into appropriate electric signals at a signal conversion unit 12 and the obtained electric signals are supplied into a control unit 13. The control unit 13 includes an address controller 13a for specifying an appropriate address of a document memory 14 storing the documents to be displayed, and a memory controller 13b for accessing the document memory 14 and reading out the appropriate document data stored at the address specified from the address controller 13a to a display memory 14a through which the read out document data can be displayed on the display screens A and B of the display screen units 1 and 2.
Here, the document memory 14 can be provided in a form of a built-in semiconductor memory, as well as in an external memory device In various media such as a floppy disk (FD) 20, an optical disk (CD) 21 such as a compact disk, and an IC card (IC) 22, as shown in FIG. 1. The control unit 13 also has a function of interpreting the settings of the various operation switches provided in this display device 100.
In this display device 100, the most basic function of reading is selected by pressing an icon for the basic function provided on the display screen B with a finger or the electronic pen 10, as shown in FIG. 4. When this icon is pressed, the menu for selecting a reading with both of the display screens A and B (spread), or a reading with only one of the display screens A and B (left page, right page) is displayed. An entry "others" to be selected in a case of using the additional functions other than the basic function is also provided in this menu. When any one of the entries related to the basic function of reading is selected by pressing it with a finger or the electronic pen 10, a menu for selecting the document to be displayed is displayed. This menu shows illustrations of usual locations for the documents such as books and files. For example, the frequently used books are located in the desk-top bookcase, the specialized books are located in the library, the privately collected books are located in the bookshelf. In addition, the currently working documents are located in the work station, the recently used files are located in the desk cabinet, and the less frequently used files are located in the file cabinet. When a desired one of these locations of the documents is selected by pressing it with a finger or the electronic pen 10, a menu for selecting the documents contained at the selected location is displayed, from which a desired document to be displayed can be selected by pressing an entry for that desired document with a finger or the electronic pen 10.
When the desired document to be displayed is selected, the content of this selected document is displayed, on both of the display screens A and B when the "reading•spread" has been selected, or on either one of the display screens A and B when the "reading•left page" or "reading•right page" has been selected.
Here, the default setting for a page of the document to be displayed initially is set to be either the last page read in the last reading of this document in a case this document had been read previously but not finished to the end, or the first page of the document in a case this document has not been read previously or this document had been read to the end before. This can be furnished by recording in each document file the position (page) that is on the display screens A and B at a time of closing of the display of each document file, and reading this information at a time of opening of the display of each document file to set the initial display page according to this information. Also, in a case the power of the display device 100 itself had been turned off during the previous reading of the document, the situation of the reading of this document at a time the power had been turned off is resumed.
In a case of changing the displayed page, a page menu provided on the display screen B is selected as shown in FIG. 5. When this page menu is selected, a page scale indication is displayed as shown in FIG. 5, such that when the user specifies a rough position of the desired page on this page scale indication with a finger or the electronic pen 10, the address controller 13a controls the the memory controller 13b to display the page at a specified position by skipping the intermediate pages. This page menu also has the "contents" entry for displaying the contents of the document. When this "contents" entry is selected, the user can specify the index of the desired section to be displayed in the displayed contents with a finger or the electronic pen 10, in response to which the appropriate page of the specified section is displayed.
Normally, the document is read page by page. However, in a case of ruffling the pages, the operation buttons 4 to 7 are used. These operation buttons 4 to 7 can be provided in forms of mechanical switches or pressure sensors. The displayed page can be changed by pressing these operation buttons 4 to 7 with a finger such as a thumb or an index finger. Each of these operation buttons 4 to 7 has a primary function of moving the pages ahead provided by an elongated triangular button shown in FIG. 1, as well as a secondary function of moving the pages back provided by a small triangular button shown in FIG. 1. A brief pressing of any of these operation buttons 4 to 7 moves the pages by one, while the continued pressing of any of these operation buttons 4 to 7 moves the pages continuously. In a case of using the pressure sensor for these operation buttons 4 to 7, the speed of moving the pages can be changed according to the strength at which these operation buttons 4 to 7 are pressed.
There are two major page manipulation modes provided in this display device 100, including a left and right linked mode and a separate mode. The selection of the page manipulation mode is an important factor in the operation of this display device 100, so that the dedicated icons for both of these page manipulation modes are provided at an upper portion of the display screen B as shown in FIG. 6, and the selection of the page manipulation mode can be made by pressing an appropriate one of these icons on the display screen B. The selected one of these icons is indicated by a color or a positive-negative reversing, so that the user can easily recognize the current setting of the page manipulation mode.
The linked mode is a mode in which the left and right pages are moved together integrally, which is used for a usual reading the document. In this linked mode, there are two ways of linked page switching including the both sides switching and the one side switching, which can be selected according to the preference of each user. The setting of this linked page switching mode can be made by selecting the "others" entry in the basic function menu and then selecting a sub-menu for this linked page switching mode as shown in FIG. 6.
As shown in FIG. 7A, in a case of the both sides switching mode, after the reading of the pages displayed on both of the display screens A and B are finished, both of these displayed pages (P1 and P2) can be switched to the next pages (P3 and P4) by the pressing of any one of the operation buttons 4 to 7. This both sides switching mode is suitable for the reading with the entire display device 100 placed within the view field of the user.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7B, in a case of the one side switching mode, the earlier page among the pages displayed on both of the display screens A and B is switched to a new page when any one of the operation buttons 4 to 7 is pressed. Thus, in this one side switching mode, any one of the operation buttons 4 to 7 can be pressed after the reading of the earlier page is finished and while reading of the later page is still in progress, such that the already read one of the displayed pages can be switched to the next page while the other page is read and there is no need to wait for the switching of the displayed pages after the reading of the other page is finished.
Here, it is also possible set the operation buttons 4 to 7 such that, when one of the operation buttons 4 and 5 on the left display screen unit 1 and one of the operation buttons 6 and 7 on the right display screen unit 2 are pressed simultaneously, both of the displayed pages can be switched in the manner of the both sides switching mode even when it is in the separate mode.
The separate mode is a mode in which the left and right pages can be moved independently from each other. This separate mode is apparently used when two different documents are to be displayed on the left and right display screens A and B in the basic function menu, but this separate mode can also be used conveniently in a case of displaying the same document on the left and right display screens A and B as follows.
For example, in a case of reading the document in the linked mode, when there is a figure or an explanation of symbols and the topics related to such a figure or an explanation of symbols are going to appear in the following pages, the separate mode can be selected to switch only the page without a figure or an explanation of symbols while keep displaying the page with a figure or an explanation of symbols. This can be achieved by pressing only one of the operation buttons provided on the display screen unit of the page to be switched. After the topics related to such a figure or an explanation of symbols are over, the linked mode can be resumed to display the currently reading pages on both of the display screens A and B. In this manner, the reading of the document can be assisted by the viewing of the relevant figures.
As another example, in a case of reading the document in the linked mode, when it is desired to refer back to the earlier part that has already been read, the separate mode can be selected to switch only one of the pages to display the earlier part while keep displaying the currently reading part on the other one of the pages. After the referring back to the earlier part is finished, the linked mode can be resumed to display the currently reading pages on both of the display screens A and B.
In a case of moving the pages fast by pressing the operation buttons strongly, only the header and the figure or table are displayed. In a case of moving the pages even faster, the figure or table is abbreviated to its outline. Also, in a case of ruffling the pages, the speed of the change of the display can be made faster by displaying only a part of each page, just as when the pages of the book are ruffled without opening the book completely.
Also, the operation of the control unit 13 can be adjusted according to the strength by which the operation buttons are pressed, such that the pages can be moved in units of 5 pages for the strongest pressing and in units of 1 page for the light pressing, for example.
In addition to the basic display function described above, this display device 100 is also equipped with a wide display function in which the left and right display screens A and B are treated as a single display. This wide display function is used in a case the document itself is given in the spread format as in the wide figures, or in a case the widened display of the normal single page is desired such that the letters can be enlarged. In the former case, the document data contain the code for requiring the widened display, so that the wide display function can be activated automatically in response to this code. Here, however, in a case the display device 100 itself has been operated in the single display mode with only one of the display screens A and B, only a half of the page in the spread format will be displayed on that single display screen, unless the operation to switch the display mode to the double display mode is made.
Now, in this display device 100, unlike the usual book using papers, what's on the left page and what's on the right page may not necessarily be stable depending on the manner of page manipulation during the reading. Namely, there is a case in which a figure given in the spread format as shown in FIG. 8A appears in a middle of the straightforward page by page reading at such a position that only the right display screen B becomes available for this figure in the spread format while the left display screen A must be used for displaying the immediately previous text as shown in FIG. 8B. At this point, when one of the operation buttons 4 to 7 is pressed in the usual linked mode, both of tile left and right pages are switched to next pages, so that only the left display screen A becomes available for this figure in the spread format while the right display screen B must be used for displaying the immediately following text as shown in FIG. 8C, such that only a half of this figure in the spread format can be displayed at any moment, and the entire figure will not be displayed properly. In such a case, the address controller 13a recognizes the code requiring the widened display contained in the document data and operates in the fine adjustment mode to display the entire figure in the spread format properly as shown in FIG. 8A.
In a case of the wide display function described above, there arises the problem of the display at the border of the display screens A and B. Namely, the display content located on the border of the display screens A and B must be divided Into two, but when the small letters are located on the border of the display screens A and B, the dividing of the small letters into two makes it difficult to read. In this display device 100, this problem is resolved as follows.
Namely, the display content is parallely shifted to displace the small letters from the border of the display screens A and B. Here, the dividing of the large letters or the figures would not severely damage the readability of the document, so that this parallel shifting is made only when the letters smaller than a prescribed size are located on the border of the display screens A and B. Here, the small letters means the normal sized letters without any ornamentation or enlargement.
This parallel shifting is achieved by the control unit 13 according to the flow chart of FIG. 9 as follows.
First, at the step 1001, whether one line (either a row or a column) of small letters is going to come on the border when the document is displayed straightforwardly or not is checked. In other words, the occurrence of situation as shown in FIG. 10A or 10B in which the entire line of the small letters comes on the border is detected. If this is not the case, the process proceeds to the step 1003. On the other hand, when this is the case, next at the step 1002, the entire display content on the side which contains larger part of that line of the small letters (display screen A in FIGS. 10A and 10B) is shifted to put that line of the small letters entirely within that side. In general, the document has some margins at the edges, so that this shifting does not cause any inconvenience.
At the step 1003, whether a small letter of an isolated letter series is going to come on the border when the document is displayed straightforwardly or not is checked. In other words, the occurrence of situation as shown in FIG. 10C in which the small letter "C" of the isolated letter series "ABCD" comes on the border is detected. If this is not the case, the process proceeds to the step 1005. On the other hand, when this is the case, next at the step 1004, the entire display content on both sides are shifted toward the side which contains larger part of that small letter (display screen B in FIG. 10C) to place the border between the adjacent small letters, as shown in FIG. 10D. Alternatively, because the isolated letter series usually have some margin spaces around themselves, the isolated letter series alone may be shifted instead of the entire display content.
Finally, after the shifting at the steps 1002 and 1004 are made, the actual display is carried out.
Here, by storing the result of the shifting in the document memory 14 through the memory controller 13b, this shifting operation becomes unnecessary in the later reading occasions. Alternatively, the document data to be stored in the document memory 14 may be subjected to this shifting operation in advance, either by using this display device 100 or the other device capable of carrying out the same operation, such that there is no need to carry out this shifting operation at a time of actual display and therefore the proper display can be obtained more quickly.
Now, this display device 100 can be used in conjunction with various external devices connected at the external device connector 11, as shown in FIG. 11. For the connection, the cables and cords are used in FIG. 11, although the radio transmission type connection using lights such as infrared rays or electromagnetic waves may be used instead. Among the external devices shown in FIG. 11, an external battery 30 is useful for the extended outdoor use of this display device 100. Also, the external memory 31 such as an optical disk device which records a large number of documents and dynamic images can be connected for the purpose of viewing these documents and dynamic images on this display device 100. Also, the video tape recorder 32 can be connected for the purpose of viewing the video image on this display device 100. Also, the external processor 33 can be provided to separate those functions of the display device 100 other than the basic display functions, such that the display device 100 itself can be made so light weighted as to be practically portable.
In addition, the keyboard 34 can be connected as the input device. Moreover, when this display device 100 is used in conjunction with the bookrest equipped with the keyboard, on which this display device 100 can be mounted, this display device 100 can be used in the manner of a usual desk-top computer.
Furthermore, the other computer such as a desk-top personal computer or a work station 36 can be connected such that the document entered from the computer 36 can be viewed on this display device 100. Here, for example, even when the user is working in the office equipped with the desk-top personal computer 36, in a case the user wishes to recline on the seat to relax himself while reading the document, it is more convenient to use this display device 100 held in hand rather than the display device attached to the desk-top personal computer 36. In this case, the document to be displayed is supplied from the desk-top personal computer 36 rather than the document memory 14.
Another purpose for connecting the other computer is to transfer the documents from that other computer to the display device 100, and to take the display device 100 outside, such that the documents of the other computer can be viewed even when the user is away from that other computer. In this case, as the display device 100 is taken outside, there arises a need to be cautious about the handling of the secret documents. In this display device 100, the following mechanism is provided for the purpose of the secret protection.
First, at a time of transferring the documents from the other computer to this display device 100, the operation according to the flow chart of FIG. 12 is carried out.
Namely, at the step 1301, the document header of each document to be transferred is checked to see if it is a secret document or not. If it is not a secret document, the document can be transferred straightforwardly at the step 1304.
In a case it is a secret document, next at the step 1302, the user is inquired if it must be taken out. If the user replies that it is not absolutely necessary to take it out, the process terminates without transferring the document.
In a case the user replies that it must be taken out, next at the step 1303, a pass word is attached to the document. Here, the user may be requested to enter the desired pass word, or the already registered pass word for this user may be used as the default setting.
Then, at the step 1304, the document is actually transferred into the document memory 14 of the display device 100.
On the other hand, at a time of reading the transferred documents by using this display device 100, the operation according to the flow chart of FIG. 13 is carried out.
First, at the step 1401, whether there is a pass word request attached to the document or not is checked when the reading of the document is attempted. IF there is no pass word request, the document can be displayed straightforwardly at the step 1405.
In a case there is a pass word request, next at the step 1402, the user is inquired if it is O.K. to read this document here. When the user judges that it is not O.K. to read this document here, the process terminates without displaying the document.
In a case the user judges that it is O.K. to read this document here, the input of the pass word is requested to the user at the step 1403, and the pass word is checked at the step 1404. Here, the pass word can be entered by pressing the alphanumerics displayed on the display screens with a finger or the electronic pen 10. In a case the entered pass word is a correct one, the document is displayed at the step 1405, whereas otherwise the process terminates without displaying the document.
Now, in this display device 100, either one of the operation of the operation buttons 4 to 7 or the input with a finger or the electronic pen 10 can be omitted.
In a case of using only the operation buttons 4 to 7, the manners of pressing of the operation buttons 4 to 7 can be changed in the command input and in the page manipulation. For example, any one of the operation buttons 4 to 7 can be pressed twice in succession, or two of the operation buttons 4 to 7 can be pressed in a case of the command input.
On the other hand, in a case of using only the input with a finger or the electronic pen 10, it suffices to add the page manipulation entries in the menu. Alternatively, an image of the keyboard or the ten keys can be displayed on the display screen equipped with a pressure sensor as shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, and the input with a finger or the electronic pen 10 can be carried out on the displayed image of the keyboard or the ten keys. This manner of input is also suitable in a case the use of the external keyboard is inconvenient such as an outdoor use of the display device 100.
It is also possible to change the number of the operation buttons to be provided on the display device 100. Here, however, in a case of providing only one operation button, it becomes necessary for the menu to be provided with the entries for specifying one of the left and right pages to be manipulated in the separate mode.
Moreover, the display device 100 may be equipped with the following additional functions.
For example, in the separate mode, one side can be used for displaying the enlargement of a part of what is displayed on the other side, as shown in FIG. 15A in which a part of a map displayed on the display screen B is displayed in enlargement on the display screen A. Also, as shown in FIG. 15B, a number of pages of the document can be displayed in contraction on the display screen B and a desired one of these pages selected by the user on the display screen B can be displayed in the full size on the display screen A.
Also, in the separate mode, each display screen can be further divided into sections to display more than two documents simultaneously, or each display can incorporate the multi-window function allowing the overlapping windows. Such a display mode will be useful in displaying the references and dictionaries along with the document to be read, or in displaying a plurality of figures and tables together.
Furthermore, the electronic pen 10 can be utilized for the purpose other than the menu selection as described above. Namely, by incorporating a letter recognition unit 25 between the pressure sensor 15 and the control unit 13 in the display device 100, it becomes possible to carry out the command input or the handwriting memo input using the electronic pen 10.
For example, in order to enter the underline or the handwriting memo on the displayed document as shown in FIG. 17, either the letter recognition is carried out for the entered pen input, or the pen stroke is stored as it is. In a case the document is the read only document, the page and the position within that page of the entered pen input must be added to the recognition result or the pen stroke data, and stored in the appropriate file which is linked with that document. On the other hand, in a case the document is a rewritable one in which the addition of the entered pen input can change the positions of the parts of the document, the following processing according to the flow chart of FIG. 18 becomes necessary.
Namely, at the step 1901, the data of the absolute position on the display screen for the entered pen input is read, and at the step 1902, the document content displayed at that position is obtained. Then, at the step 1903, the memo and its relative position with respect to the document content are written into the document memory 14 connected with the document content by the pointer. Here, the relative position may be fixed to a predetermined default setting such as below the letters, instead of specifying it each time.
For example, when the memo consisting of "XYZ" and an insertion mark is to be written between letters "A" and "B" of the displayed letter series "ABC" as shown in FIG. 19A, the content of this memo is connected with the letter "A" portion of the document by a pointer as shown in FIG. 19B and recorded. The handwriting memo can be subjected to the letter recognition in order to record the recognition result, or recorded as it is as an image input.
In FIG. 19B, the relative position is indicated by a small circle at a foot of the letter "A". In addition, the link is provided for the letter "B" as well, in order to be able to cope with the subsequent deletion of the letter "A". Here, the memo is usually added in order to modify the document content, so that it is not so infrequent for the letters "A" and "B" in relation to which the memo is recorded are going to be deleted later on. For this reason, unless the user indicates that there is no need to preserve the memo, the position of the memo is going to be shifted automatically when the letters "A" and "B" are deleted. For example, the position of the memo can be shifted to a position at a foot of the letter "C" in a case the letters "A" and "B" are deleted.
Also, in the above explanation, the letter series "XYZ" is treated collectively, but the underline or the memo letter series may be recorded in parts with respect to the nearest displayed document letters. For example, the underline drawn below the displayed document letter series "ABC" can be recorded in three parts with respect to each of the letters "ABC". This provision is especially useful for the underline as the significance of the underline is likely to be preserved even when there is a long memo added to the underlined letter series.
In a case of reading out the document with the memo or the underline attached, the default setting is to read the attached memo or underline along with the document. However, in a case it is undesirable to read the attached memo or underline, it is also possible to display the document alone, without displaying the attached memo or underline. In such a case, it is also possible to indicate the presence of the memo or underline on the displayed document by means of a prescribed marks such as star marks shown in FIG. 20.
In this embodiment, the display device 100 uses a liquid crystal display with a background lighting for each of the display screens A and B, but the other planar display such as a plasma display may be used instead. It is also possible to employ the different types of planar displays for the left and right display screens A and B. For example, one display screen may adopt a color liquid crystal display while the other display screen adopts a monochromatic liquid crystal display which is cheaper than the color liquid crystal display. In this case, in the separate mode, when the code for requiring the color display provided in the document data is detected, or when the color page is recognized from the recording format of the document, the color page can be allocated to the side adopting the color liquid crystal display. Also, in a case the letter portions are monochromatic but the figure portions are colored, each page of the document can be provided with a page header indicating the presence or absence of the colored portion within each page, so that the page containing the colored portion can be allocated to the side adopting the color liquid crystal display. For the document without such a page header, the presence or absence of the colored portions can be checked before the actual display of each page, and then this information is recorded in the document data in the document memory 14 for the sake of the subsequent display occasions. Alternatively, the document data to be stored in the document memory 14 may be subjected to this checking operation in advance, either by using this display device 100 or the other device capable of carrying out the same operation, such that there is no need to carry out this checking operation at a time of actual display and therefore the proper display can be obtained more quickly.
In addition, it is also possible to use the display screen equipped with a pressure sensor for the sake of the pen input only on one side, in order to reduce the cost of the display device 100. In such a case, however, when the pen input on the document is required, tile document must be moved to the area equipped with the pressure sensor.
It is to be noted that the display device 100 of this embodiment can handle the documents in the lateral writing as well as the documents in the vertical writing.
It is also to be noted that many modifications and variations of the above embodiments may be made without departing from the novel and advantageous features of the present invention. Accordingly, all such modifications and variations are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims.
wherein the linked mode further includes an all sides switching mode in which each page displayed on each one of the display screens is simultaneously switched to another page and a one side switching mode in which only one page displayed on one of the display screens is switched at a given time while other displayed pages are unchanged.
2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display control means also controls the display screens to make a widened display in which a single display is displayed by the display screens collectively.
3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the display control means automatically controls the display screens to make the widened display In response to a code requiring the widened display provided on a page of the documents displayed on the display screens.
4. The display device of claim 2, wherein the display control means shifts a displayed content of one of the display screens to displace letters in the displayed content from a border of the display screens.
5. The display device of claim 4, wherein the display control means shifts the entire displayed content parallely to displace a line of the letters in the displayed content from the border.
6. The display device of claim 4, wherein the display control means shifts an isolated letter series in the displayed content to displace every letter of the isolated letter series from the border.
7. The display device of claim 4, wherein the display control means shifts the displayed content of said one of the display screens only when each of the letters displaced from the border by a shifting of the displayed content is smaller than a prescribed size.
8. The display device of claim 4, wherein the displayed content shifted by the display control means is recorded in the document memory means in a state of being shifted.
9. The display device of claim 1, wherein the display screens are attached with each other to be foldable face to face as well as back to back.
10. The display device of claim 9, further comprising a switch means for inactivating one of the display screens when the display screens are folded back to back.
11. The display device of claim 1, wherein each one of the display screens is capable of being activated/inactivated separately.
12. The display device of claim 1, further comprising mode selection means for allowing a user to select one of the linked mode and the separate mode on the display screens.
13. The display device of claim 12, wherein the mode selection means also allows a user to select the linked mode to be in one of the all sides switching mode and the one side switching mode.
14. The display device of claim 1, further comprising secret protection means for attaching a pass word to a document to be displayed when the document is stored in the document memory means, and checking a matching of the pass word attached to the document with a pass word input made by a user at a time of displaying of the document on the display screens.
15. The display device of claim 1, further comprising command input means for allowing a user to enter commands for operating the display device in forms of keys displayed on the display screens.
16. The display device of claim 1, wherein one of the display screens displays an enlargement of a part of a displayed content displayed on another one of the display screens.
17. The display device of claim 1, wherein one of the display screens displays a number of pages of the documents in a contracted size and another one of the display screens displays a selected one of the pages in a full size.
18. The display device of claim 1, further comprising handwriting input means for allowing a user to enter a handwriting input with respect to a document displayed on the display screens.
19. The display device of claim 18, wherein the handwriting input entered by the user using the handwriting input means is recorded in the document memory means, in relation to displayed contents of the document displayed on the display screens.
20. The display device of claim 18, wherein the display control means also controls the display screens to display a handwriting input indication mark indicating a presence of the handwriting input entered by the user using the handwriting input means on the document displayed on the display screens.
wherein the control unit further controls the display screens when in the linked mode such that the display screens are in one of an all sides switching mode and a one side switching mode, all of the display screens changing simultaneously when in the all sides switching mode and only one display screen changing at any given time when in the one side switching mode.
changing the displays on the display screens in accordance with the mode of the display screens.


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Louisiana Chief Justice Urges District Judges to Reduce Jail Populations Amid COVID-19 Pandemic
NEW ORLEANS – As public health experts continue to sound the alarm about the threat of COVID-19 in overcrowded prisons and jails, Chief Justice Bernette Joshua Johnson urged district judges to take steps to avoid needless jail sentences and prevent people from being incarcerated because they cannot afford bail. The ACLU of Louisiana applauded the move, which is consistent with its call to reduce prison and jail populations to protect public health amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
"We commend the Chief Justice for recognizing the imminent threat COVID-19 poses to incarcerated people and the community at large," said Alanah Odoms Hebert, ACLU of Louisiana executive director. "Public health experts have been warning that our prisons and jails could become powder kegs of this disease, putting additional strain on our hospitals and endangering millions of lives. Our study found that thousands of presumptively innocent Louisianans are languishing behind bars – often in crowded, squalid conditions – based on the mere accusation of a crime and an inability to pay bail. What was already a gross miscarriage of justice is now an imminent threat to public health. For the health and safety of their communities, we urge district judges to follow the Chief Justice's recommendations and help prevent the spread of COVID-19."
The Louisiana Department of Corrections has reported that 14 employees and five incarcerated people have confirmed cases COVID-19. A third individual incarcerated at a federal prison in Oakdale has also succumbed to the disease. Orleans Parish Prison, East Baton Rouge Parish Prison, and Jefferson Parish Prison also have confirmed cases of COVID-19.
The ACLU of Louisiana's recent report – Justice Can't Wait – found that Louisiana's pretrial incarceration rate is now three times the national average and the highest of any state on record since 1970. The study, based on an analysis of thousands of jail records, found that 57 percent of people in jail had been arrested for non-violent offenses and that pretrial incarceration costs Louisiana taxpayers nearly $290 million per year. On average, the people represented in the study had been held behind bars for 5 and a half months – without trial or conviction.
From the outset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the ACLU of Louisiana has been communicating with state and local officials about protecting the health of people involved in the criminal legal system. In addition to urging prisons and jails to comply with CDC guidelines and educate people in custody and corrections staff, the ACLU of Louisiana has called for:
Honoring the deadlines for charging and arraigning arrestees provided by Article 701 of the Code of Criminal Procedure;
Instituting a presumption of release on recognizance and, when a statute prohibits release on recognizance, fixing only nominal bail. People should be held in jail only if there is clear evidence that they pose an imminent danger to a person;
Lifting probation and parole holds for technical violations, and ending such holds on people until further notice;
Releasing high-risk and medically-frail adults and children from prison and juvenile facilities;
Releasing individuals from pretrial detention who do not pose a risk to the community;
Ensuring incarcerated people have unfettered access to confidential phone calls with civil and criminal attorneys;
Offering free access to hygiene supplies such as soap, hand sanitizer, and other supplies to people who are incarcerated;
Planning for the screening and testing of incarcerated people in custody;
Ending co-pays for health services in prison facilities;
Waiving fees for phone and videoconference calls to preserve incarcerated people's ability to communicate with friends and family;
Avoiding lockdowns, which inflict substantial, serious mental harm on incarcerated populations;
Extending good-time credit by issuing an emergency, 90-day, good-time credit to allow the release of anyone within 90 days of going home;
Signing clemency petitions that are pending review and approval;
Reducing jail admissions by reclassifying misdemeanor offenses that do not threaten public safety into non-jailable offenses, using citations instead of arrests for all crimes that do not involve violence, and diverting as many people as possible to community-based mental health and substance abuse treatment; and
Releasing youth who pose no imminent and substantial danger to the community.
Shreveport Repeals its Discriminatory "Saggy Pants" Ban

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Trials and Tribulations in Producing an Edition
Assessment is an inescapable aspect of all MA courses and usually involves the submission of an essay for your selected modules. Suffice it to say that as an English Literature student at MA level I'm well acquainted with essays. So I wasn't surprised when I was immediately attracted to the assessment topics provided by "The New Histories of the Book" module belonging to the Medieval to Renaissance Literature MA. Two of these assessment topics in particular offered an exciting opportunity to attempt something new; to provide an in-depth manuscript description or to produce a mini edition of the opening lines to one of Aelfric's Catholic Homilies from Cambridge Corpus Christi College MS 178.
My interest in transcribing and deciphering different hands swiftly drew me to the latter question. My preliminary research into CCCC178 determined that it's a manuscript comprised of two parts. The first part, which would be be the main focus of my essay, was possibly compiled in the early eleventh century and contains Aelfric's Catholic Homilies. The second part of this codex preserves a Latin and Old English version of "The Rule of Saint Benedict".
The Criteria for the Mini Edition
My initial excitement was quickly accompanied by anxiety once I realised that in order to answer this question successfully, I would have to address specific criteria that required me to: include an Introduction outlining my editorial principles, a text that included explanatory notes on any variants in my edition as well as a critical apparatus.
Considering that I was ignorant of editorial principles and oblivious to what a critical apparatus entailed I was understandably a little overwhelmed.
It was a little overwhelming at times!
Helpful Potential Sources
The surest way of overcoming your fears is to face them. To acquaint myself with and get a comprehensive idea of what I should be aspiring towards in my own edition I sought out the following sources from the Boole Library's Special Collections:
The Facsimile of Aelfric's First Series of Catholic Homilies.
Aelfric's Catholic Homilies: The First Series edited by Peter Clemoes.
Aelfric's Catholic Homilies: Introduction, Commentary and Glossary by Malcolm Godden. Essentially my hope in consulting these established editions was to become accustomed to what's expected of me in relation to stating editorial principles and critical apparatus.
Manuscript Witnesses
In addition to the aforementioned criteria I had to consult three different manuscript witnesses of the homily that I selected. In keeping with the festive season (the assessment was to be completed over the Christmas Holidays) I decided upon "The Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ" from Aelfric's First Series of Catholic Homilies.
Now all I had to do was select just three manuscript witnesses of this Homily from the abundance of manuscript witnesses to Aelfric's Catholic Homilies! Easy? Evidently not! I quickly realised that although Aelfric was a prolific homilist, access to his abundant manuscripts was more difficult than I had initially anticipated. Fortunately I had at my disposal in the Boole Library's Special Collections, a Facsimile edition of Aelfric's First Series of Catholic Homilies. For the other two witnesses my decision was restricted to those manuscripts that were accessible online. The manuscripts that I selected to complement CCCC 178 were:
British Museum, Royal 7 C XII (Images provided below*).
Cambridge Corpus Christi College MS 188
Cambridge University Library, Ii. I. 33
Image sourced from Special Collections, Boole Library, UCC
Image sourced from Special Collections, Boole Library, UCC.
Images sourced from Special Collections, Boole Library, UCC.
Free and Open Access
The importance of open and free access to resources for academic research has been stressed throughout the Contemporary Literary Research module that complements this MA. This assessment heightened my awareness of its importance especially in relation to accessing manuscripts online. The Parker Library on the Web and the Cambridge Digital Library were indispensable in the production of this edition as it allowed me to access CCCC178 and CCCC188 and CUL Ii. I. 33.
The only issue left to overcome were the considerable amount of marginal and interlinear glosses preserved in CCCC178 which I couldn't decipher with the basic view offered by The Parker Library on the Web (as seen below). Being but a poor and humble student I couldn't afford the subscription that provided zoom function to focus on the smaller grade script, but after explaining my predicament via email I was informed that I could purchase the images that included the zoom function from the Library.
Image source: Parker Library on the Web.
This assessment required many hours spent within the confines of Special Collections, and while it hasn't resulted in a first name basis with the librarians, I'm sure that my pending MA dissertation will guarantee it. To conclude on a more serious note, I'm glad that I opted for producing this mini edition over a standard essay. I found the experience engaging, challenging and thoroughly rewarding. I only hope that my elusive MA dissertation will yield equally auspicious results!
Images Cited
"Wile-E Coyote holding a HELP! sign". Cartoon. 2010. Fears. Feministe. Web. 31 Jan 2014.
"Nativity of Our Lord Jesus Christ". Photographs of CCCC MS 178 p. 173-174. 2009. Old English Homilies. Benedictine Rule in Latin and Old English. Parker Library on the Web. Web. 31 Jan. 2014.
* The images that I have included of BM Royal 7 C xii are my own photographs from The Facsimile of Aelfric's First Series of Catholic Homilies and published with permission from Special Collections, Boole Library, University College Cork.
Published by Patricia O Connor
My name is Patricia O Connor. I have a BA in History and Archaeology and a Higher Diploma in English Literature from University College Cork. I have recently graduated from the postgraduate Masters course "Texts and Contexts: Medieval to Renaissance Literature" and am currently pursuing my research in Old English Literature as a PhD candidate within the "Digital Arts and Humanities" course offered by University College Cork. My research topic is a continuation of my Masters research which focused on reconciling the Old English marginalia within a particular manuscript witness of the Old English Bede; Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 41. I will be using this blog as a means to actively encourage my interest in Old English and the Digital Humanities and to develop potential research avenues.
View articles written by Patricia O Connor
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Categories Histories of the Book, Old English
jamescampion10
Yes, I imagine the editorial process, even for a relatively manageable task like yours, is quite problematic. Quite annoying, actually. Surely? One has to be so . . . careful. Although, actually fathoming the materiality of any book is, as far as I can see, more than reasonable. I especially like the attention paid to the various 'hands' employed by the writer. Handwriting is a field unto itself, and apparently studying a writer's 'hand' can reveal more than a writer's work. That is such a ridiculous thing to say.
And being on first-name basis with the librarians? Such prestige as has never been told!
trishaoconnor88
Thank you for the feedback James! I really appreciate it. I am guilty of being more interested in the script that the text is written in as opposed to the text itself! And you're right even though the assessment called for editing only the opening 20-22 lines of a Homily it was a time consuming process!


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My first home was designed and built in the early 90's. The larger more complex design work completed includes cabin remodels, kitchens, bathrooms, staircases, sunrooms, an art studio and garage as well as smaller projects which include porch and entry enhancements, decks, indoor and outdoor furniture, whimsical structures and landscapes/gardens.
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Objective: The study objective was to find out the effectiveness of iliotibial band stretching and strengthening exercises in patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Methods: The study design was Quasi-experimental study design. 20 patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome were taken, with the age group of 18-40 years. 20 patients undergone pre- and post-test measurement of hip angle of adduction with the help of inclinometer and were given interferential therapy and iliotibial band stretching and strengthening exercises for 1-week duration. Outcome measures were inclinometer and visual analog scale (VAS).
Conclusion: This study concluded that 1 week of stretching and strengthening of iliotibial band exercises were effective in reducing pain and increasing hip adduction angle in patellofemoral pain syndrome.
Keywords: Iliotibial band, Interferential therapy, Test, Stretching and strengthening exercises, Inclinometer.
1. Hudson ZL, Darthuy E. Iliotibial band tightness and patellofemoral pain syndrome: A case control study. Phys Ther Sport 2006;7(4):173.
2. Reese NB, Bandy WD. Use of an inclinometer to measure flexibility of the iliotibial band using the Ober test and the modified Ober test: Differences in magnitude and reliability of measurements. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2003;33(6):326-30.
3. De Domenico G. Pain relief with interferential therapy. Aust J Physiother 1982;28(3):14-8.
4. Melchione WE, Sullivan MS. Reliability of measurements obtained by use of an instrument designed to indirectly measure iliotibial band length. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1993;18(3):511-5.
5. Fredericson M, White JJ, Macmahon JM, Andriacchi TP. Quantitative analysis of the relative effectiveness of 3 iliotibial band stretches. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83(5):589-92.
6. Magee DJ. Orthopedic Physical Assessment. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: W.B. Saunders; 1997. p. 566.
7. Herrington L, Rivett N, Munro S. The relationship between patella position and length of the iliotibial band as assessed using Ober's test. Man Ther 2006;11(3):182-6.
8. Wang TG, Jan MH, Lin KH, Wang HK. Assessment of stretching of the iliotibial tract with Ober and modified Ober tests: An ultrasonographic study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87(10):1407-11.
9. Brotzman SB. Clinical Orthopedic Rehabilitation. 2nd ed.
Philadelphia, PA: Mosby; 2003. p. 520.
11. Mark S, Juhn DO. Patellofemoral pain syndrome: A review and guidelines for treatment. Am Fam Physician 1999;60(7):2012-8.
12. Fredericson M, Cookingham CL, Chaudhari AM, Dowdell BC, Oestreicher N, Sahrmann SA. Hip abductor weakness in distance runners with iliotibial band syndrome. Clin J Sport Med 2000;10(3):169-75.
Malarvizhi, D., and N. Bhatt. "EFFECTIVENESS OF ILIOTIBIAL BAND STRETCHING AND STRENGTHENING EXERCISES IN PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Vol. 10, no. 2, Feb. 2017, pp. 161-4, doi:10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.14914.


Bring a contemporary look and feel into your living space with this TV Stand. Rectangular in shape, it features a bold, modern design that offers plentiful storage space. Four storage drawers are perfect for movies and small electronics while a sturdy glass shelf offers two spaces with wiring access for modern media devices. Crafted with a minimalistic approach, the drawers are clean and streamlined with no hardware to distract. Finished in a high gloss white, but also available in high gloss black.


The Daily Record has named Goucher College an Innovator of the Year, two years in a row.
Goucher was recognized by The Daily Record for its most recent innovation, moving two of its three buildings on campus to preserve and reuse student housing for future generations.
The Daily Record began the Innovator of the Year awards in 2002 as a way to recognize Marylanders and Maryland-based companies for their innovative spirit – for creating new products, new programs, new services or new processes that have helped their companies, industries or communities.
"Innovators are constantly creating, improving and creating again. They make a huge difference in people's lives, in the economy and in the success of our region," said Suzanne Fischer-Huettner, publisher of The Daily Record. "The Daily Record is pleased to recognize this year's Innovators of the Year and their passion, creativity and drive that result in new products and processes that have a positive impact on Maryland and beyond."
Goucher's innovative initiative highlights the college's commitment to environmental sustainability, while also historically preserving the Froelicher Hall buildings, which were built in the 1950s as part of the college's move to the Towson campus.
By conserving the existing infrastructure, the move provided considerable cost savings to the college. Students will move into the buildings in the fall.
The 2017 Innovator of the Year awards will be presented Oct. 18 at a reception/dinner starting at 5:30 p.m. at the American Visionary Art Museum.


The Bailey Ice is a wool felt Top Hat included in the Bailey Heritage Collection. The Ice has a 5" Tall Crown and a 2 1/8" Roll Brim. The brim is bound on the edge with a coordinating binding. Hat is fully-lined and has an interior sweatband. This hat is for your special look.


Two delicious flavours in one bottle - soft and sweet chocolate & refreshing mint.
Two delicious flavours in one bottle - soft and sweet chocolate & refreshing mint. Very similar taste to After Eight chocolates.


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Home / Openings / Capitol Seniors Housing Opens Arbor Terrace Mount Laurel in New Jersey
Capitol Seniors Housing Opens Arbor Terrace Mount Laurel in New Jersey
Openings January 20, 2020
MOUNT LAUREL, NJ, and WASHINGTON, DC–Capitol Seniors Housing, a leading senior living investment and development firm, announces the opening of Arbor Terrace Mount Laurel in New Jersey. Located at 785 Centerton Road in Mount Laurel, the 75,000-square-foot community offers 88 residential suites and is operated by The Arbor Company. The new community offers assisted living and memory care.
"We're excited to welcome seniors to our spectacular new community in Mount Laurel," said Scott Stewart, Managing Partner of Capitol Seniors Housing. "Residents and their families will feel welcomed as soon as they step foot in the property, where they'll experience beautiful and spacious common areas and warm, home-like rooms. This, in addition to the convenient location and best-in-class care services provided by the industry's premier operator, The Arbor Company."
Arbor Terrace Mount Laurel features views of Laurel Creek Country Club and is located at the intersection of Creek and Centerton Roads in Mount Laurel, which is an affluent suburb east of Philadelphia. The community is just east of the Interstate 295 interchange and the New Jersey Turnpike, making the community very accessible to the entire market area.
Arbor Terrace Mount Laurel was designed by the Meyer Senior Living Studio, based in Ardmore, PA. The building is a contemporary nod on the local architectural styles of the Victorian-style residential neighborhoods. Meyer's architectural team used red brick with contrasting bright colors for the tower elements along with gable trusses dotting the perimeter of the building to give it a dynamic roof line.
The interiors compliment the transitional feel of the exterior with high-end finishes and lighting. The multi-purpose activities space uses the high tower roof feature to create cathedral ceilings with large structural wood trusses, while the pub takes advantage of views to the Country Club adjacent to the property with a large balcony overlooking the tennis courts and pool. Additional amenities include a bistro, theater room, art studio, technology lounge, fitness/rehab center, theater, patio, and courtyard.
Arbor's lifestyle program aims to engage each resident with activities tailored to their unique interests and passions. Through their Active Minds program, residents are encouraged to learn new languages, pick up a paint brush, or find their Zen with yoga. At Arbor, it's never too late to learn.
"We're grateful to the Mount Laurel community and local officials who helped make this project possible," said Joe McElwee, Principal – Development, Capitol Seniors Housing."Seniors deserve high-quality amenities, engaging programs, and care, and we're proud to provide that for families across the area."
The Arbor Company operates 41 communities in 11 states, including seven communities across New Jersey.
Based in Washington D.C., Capitol Seniors Housing is a private equity-backed real estate acquisition, development and investment management firm founded in 2003. Along with its capital partners, The Carlyle Group and Bain Capital, CSH has successfully acquired or developed more than 120 senior housing communities and deployed over $2.5 billion of investment capital to date.
Cheryl Slavinsky
Previous Phoenix Senior Living Adds The Phoenix at Hammond to the Louisianna Senior Living Market
Next Ōmcare Named one of Nation's Hottest Healthcare Startups in "Flyover Tech"
Pelican Landing Assisted Living and Memory Care Voted 'Best Assisted Living Community' for Two Consecutive Years
Three Childhood Best-Friends Grow Up to Collaborate as Senior Living Leaders


In this paper, a new iterative scheme for approximating common fixed point of three asymptotically nonexpansive mapping is defined and we have proved weak and strong convergence theorems in a uniformly convex Banach space. A two-step iteration scheme for asymptotically nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex Banach space includes Ishikawa type and Mann type iterations as special cases. The results obtained in this paper represent an extension as well as refinement of previous known results.
by Otasowie P.O., Osarogiagbon A.U. & Boi-Ukeme J.O.
This research work is a design and development of a public address audio amplifier capable of driving 30watts of power into an 8-ohm speaker. The design is broken down into four units which are power supply unit, signal processor unit, voltage amplifier unit and power amplifier unit. The public address audio amplifier was designed, developed and tested and the results show that the amplifier maintains low distortion and noise. In addition, the amplifier exhibits strong linear characteristics. The input and output power was 42watts and 30.25watts while the efficiency was 78.5%, which shows that the developed amplifier worked satisfactorily.
In this study termite mound soil was used as part of concrete mixture. This work shows the development of a computational model, based on artificial neural networks for the determination of compressive strength of concrete materials made by replacing the fine aggregate with termite mound soil. The work involves building a multi-layer perception neural network model which uses experimental data obtained from compressive strength test of concrete made from termite mound soil. The compressive strength predictions were compared with predictions from an alternative model based on regression analysis. The results of the study show that for the termite mound soil based concrete the regression model prediction has a correlation coefficient of 0.94402 and a sum of squares error of 0.72867100, while the neural network model prediction has a correlation coefficient of 0.94918 and a sum of squares error of 0.07629460. Generally, the models predicted well, but the neural network model predicted better than the regression model. The result of the study has adequately demonstrated a cheap, simple, very quick and accurate alternative to experimental method of concrete strength determination.
This paper presents mathematical modelling and performance evaluation of self-excitation induction generator for variable speed wind energy conversion system. Technical visits of Madhya Pradesh Wind Farm Limited Devas (MP) have been made to study the installation, operation, failures causes, maintenance and performance of the wind power plant. The rating of the experimental test machine i.e. three phase Induction Motor is 230V, 12.5A, 5.5 hp, 50Hz, 4-pole. The three phase Induction Motor is used as an induction generator. DC shunt motor is operated as the prime mover of the experimental setup. Approximate circuit parameters of the induction generator have been evaluated using no load and block rotor test on experiment machine. Suitable VAR requirement for excitation and voltage build-up process have been evaluate in this paper. Various results have been obtained using MATLAB simulink for justification of the theoretical and experimental results.


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Fort Zeelandia may refer to the following Dutch forts :

 Fort Zeelandia (Taiwan), a fort in Tainan, Taiwan
 Siege of Fort Zeelandia, 1661–1662
 Fort Zeelandia (Paramaribo), in Suriname, originally built by the English and called Fort Willoughby
 Fort Zeelandia (Guyana)
 Fort Zeelandia (Benin), on the Dutch Slave Coast

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


For the first time in my life I've challenged myself to a real diet change. As of Monday this week, I began a Paleo 30-day challenge. You're probably wondering, "What the hell is that?" Well, Paleo is essentially like eating like a caveman (or cavegirl in this case), because it is based on consuming only wild plants and meats – what we presume was consumed during the Paleolithic era, just a few 10,000 years ago.
Lately I've been feeling tired and under the weather all the time. It's also been harder to see results at the gym. My lifestyle consists of long work hours and a lot of events, I also love to cook, have a good time and drink wine, which is all fine and dandy until I look in the mirror. I decided take on the challenge to see how it would change my mood, energy and body.
Thankfully the adjustment hasn't been too severe because when I'm not out indulging in delicious (but naughty) foods and drink, I am a very healthy eater. My sweet tooth is practically non existent, and ever since I pretended to have Celiac that one summer when I met my BFF Steph (who really has Celiac and I wanted to be just like her) I have greatly limited the amount of carbs I consume.
Still this first week has taken a lot of effort and discipline. No more grabbing something in a rush; everything has to be thought out, planned and prepared. Although I presently feel like I might hurt someone for a piece of pizza, I know it's not the right thing for my body and I've got to stay strong!
Here are some of the foods and recipes I have enjoyed so far in my first week as a Paleo.
This is a recipe I found here on Paleo Plan. I made my own applesauce (to avoid any added sugar) by cutting up 3 apples and boiling them with skins on. Once soft, I pureed the apples in a food processor, let cool and stored in a container. In the morning, I heated 3 large tablespoons of applesauce in a pan and added raw coconut milk. Once heated, I stirred in whole almonds, a spoonful of almond butter, chopped dried apricots and seasoned with Cinnamon. I've never been a fan of apples sauce because the texture bothers me, but it was a good hearty alternative that I enjoyed in a slightly smaller portion.
After a half a bowl of apple sauce you can bet I was hungry shortly after I got to work. Mid morning I two hard boiled eggs with a tiny dash of hot sauce (I don't think hot sauce is Paleo but shhh don't tell). Throughout the day I drank warm water with lemon and lime , little to no caffeine is allowed so this is my alternative to drinking tea all day.
This is a great alternative to real pasta that I have never tried before. It is literally just shredded raw zucchini. To go with it, I made a lean pork bolognese sauce (they were out of turkey which would have been preferred). Recipes I have read recommended cooking the zucchini lightly in a pan but I was afraid this would overcook them and turn them into mush. Instead, I heated my sauce in a small pot and when it was ready I dumped in my raw zucchini and stirred it around until heated through. This kept their shape and crunch, not to mention the benefits of a nearly raw vegetable.
The Bolognese was made with all Paleo ingredients which means it's similar to a regular recipe but no wine was added in this case (sad face).
This is a recipe I made up myself that is sooooo good and extremely easy to make. Cut 2 pepper squash in half and bake at 400 for one hour. Once you can poke through with a fork, remove from the oven and scoop the insides into a food processor or blender. Add 2 cups of chicken stock (preferably homemade and/or organic) and blend, add in approximately 1.4 cup of raw coconut milk (think of it has your alternative to cream) and blend. You can add more or less coconut milk depending on taste, add fresh cracked pepper.
The most perfect snack might just be a cup of pepper squash and coconut soup accompanied by pan fried plantains. These are great to nibble on during the day, and make a fantastic alternative to chips if you're missing them! To make, heat some coconut oil in a pan, slice plantain and place in heated oil, fry on both sides until golden brown.
Here is an example of one of my Paleo dinners. I made a Paleo-approved Jamaican jerk sauce from scratch using a recipe I found here with a side of cauliflower mash (recipe found here) with the addition of leeks. For some extra oomph I added some fried plantains and kale salad to the mix of side dishes on my plate.
Muffins are an ideal breakfast for people on the go. The only problem is, they're often super fattening and not very healthy. I have found these Paleo Egg Muffins to be awesome because they are like mini quiches (minus the cheese and crust) that work perfectly for the grab-and-go lifestyle. I used the recipe found here with the addition of extra spices and shredded zucchini.
The egg muffin made a delicious mid-morning snack paired with half and avocado and small chunk of goat cheese (Paleo approved!) – YUM!
This is a Paleo lunch completely made up of leftovers. I've found that when you are cooking Paleo, it is a good idea to make enough for leftovers to work them into different meals, alleviating a lot of time when you're busy and don't have all day to farm vegetables in your back yard. In this case, I topped some leftover cauliflower and leek mash with a Caribbean-style beef stew I had made on the weekend and some lightly steamed rapini. Delicious.
If you've got any Paleo recipes, tips or thoughts to share, please leave a comment!
You can also follow/join a group of us on the challenge on Facebook at Paleo Babes.


The Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series took to the Daytona high banks for two practice sessions Saturday afternoon (Feb. 9) that kicked off practice for the Great American Race. Martin Truex Jr. topped the first Daytona 500 session charts as the leader of a Joe Gibbs Racing train that opted for drafting practice. Last year's Daytona 500 runner-up Bubba Wallace led the second session, which ended approximately 20 minutes early when rainfall moved in over the speedway.
With these sessions being the only practice the teams will have until the Duel races Thursday night, teams ran a mix of single-car runs and drafting practice that made trends in speeds hard to observe. One of the most notable findings from practice was the new Ford Mustang body, which appears to be up to speed in the draft despite lacking single-car speed. The Penske Racing camp appeared entirely relaxed with the performance of their cars. That said, the No. 2 team's crew chief Paul Wolfe was observed running his hand over elements of the new Mustang body between runs on track.
With 42 cars on track, qualifying will have consequences for the 2019 Daytona 500. Of the go-or-go-homers, Tyler Reddick and Brendan Gaughan posted the fastest practice times, although both were recorded in the draft. (Two non-charter cars will lock into the Daytona 500 field on speed during qualifying tomorrow). Gaughan was 34th quickest out of 36 cars that took time in the final session.
Joey Gase and the No. 66 MBM Motorsports team posted the slowest times in both practice sessions and will likely be relying on the Duel races Thursday to earn a spot in the Great American Race.
After a four-car wreck in Clash practice, both Daytona 500 practice sessions were run without incident.


This is indicative that the dotNet script has been used as a Custom Controls script at some point. When a script is nominated as a Custom Controls script it is locked so that no input/output parameters, files or dotNet script references can be added.
To release the lock you will need to create a new script that does not do anything and does not need to have code in it.
Go to 'New | dotNet script' and save it.
The lock on the original script should be immediately released.


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Luizinho Vieira (nacido el  de 1972) es un exfutbolista brasileño que se desempeñaba como centrocampista.

Jugó para clubes como el Atlético Paranaense, Gamba Osaka, Santa Cruz, Marília, Ponte Preta y Joinville.

Trayectoria

Referencias

Futbolistas de Brasil
Entrenadores de fútbol de Brasil
Futbolistas del Grêmio Esportivo Brasil
Futbolistas del Club Athletico Paranaense
Futbolistas del Shandong Taishan
Futbolistas del Gamba Osaka
Futbolistas del Santa Cruz Futebol Clube
Futbolistas del Marília Atlético Clube
Futbolistas de la Associação Atlética Ponte Preta
Futbolistas del ABC Futebol Clube
Futbolistas del Joinville Esporte Clube
Futbolistas del Oeste Futebol Clube
Entrenadores del Criciúma Esporte Clube
Entrenadores del Itumbiara Esporte Clube
Entrenadores del Luverdense Esporte Clube
Entrenadores del Club Sportivo Sergipe
Entrenadores del Volta Redonda Futebol Clube


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Movie Review: STX Entertainment's #TheBoyMovie
Director: William Brent Bell
Writers: Stacey Menear
Starring: Lauren Cohan, Rupert Evans, James Russell
MPAA Rating: Rated PG-13 for violence and terror, and for some thematic material
Official Socials: Site | Facebook | Twitter | Instagram | IMDb
Hashtag: #5thWaveMovie
Greta is a young American woman who takes a job as a nanny in a remote English village, only to discover that the family's 8-year-old is a life-sized doll that the parents care for just like a real boy, as a way to cope with the death of their actual son 20 years prior. After violating a list of strict rules, a series of disturbing and inexplicable events bring Greta's worst nightmare to life, leading her to believe that the doll is actually alive.
The Boy is a horror movie in which Greta (played by Lauern Cohan) gets hired to be the new nanny, only to find out that she won't be taking care of a little boy but rather a life-size doll the family treats as if it were an actual living boy. As strange events start to happen once she's left alone with the doll, she starts to wonder if the doll could actually be possessed.
From it's trailer and it's generic,"possessed scary doll" plot, I thought The Boy would turn out to be another bad January horror movie, but it actually didn't turn that way. Now this movie isn't amazing, but it's not as bas as to what we are accustomed to when it comes to these types of films, around this time of year.
It's smooth sailing when the film is in it's first and second acts. Doing a good job catching your attention creating good suspense and in making you try to figure out what's going on, "Is the doll really possessed?", "Are the parents in on it?", "Could the house be haunted instead?", "Or could she just be going crazy".
But right when the movie was getting better, we hit the third act and it's big plot twist and this is where the film goes downhill. It's twist (no spoilers here) is my biggest flaw with the movie mainly because of the way they executed it. The twist is not a terrible one, but it's one that if it could've been approached and gone another direction, it might've panned out better with what looked like the film was building up to.
Overall, The Boy's essentially a missed opportunity. You thought the film was leading up to one thing by the looks of it, but then the twist itself took it a different direction that didn't work with the rest of the film. Lauren Cohan does a good job holding her own throughout the film, it was nice seeing her outside of the walking dead world. Rupert Evans as well delivered a pretty solid performance. Although The Boy isn't one of the worst horror movies to come out in January or any recent time for that matter, it's not one that you should rush out to go see right away, but more of a wait to see it on demand on a rainy day.
Labels: 2016 Movie, James Russell, Lauren Cohan, Movie review, Rupert Evans, STX Entertainment, William Brent Bell
titania86 February 13, 2016 at 2:49 PM
I thought the twist was well done. If you look back on the film, I find it much creepier than the alternative, predictable plotline that was expected. It was much better than I expected.