From Salt Lake City, Utah, take Highway 80 east for 30 miles to Highway 40. Go south on Highway 40 for 1 mile to Kamas Exit. Go southeast on U.S. Highway 189 for 12 miles to Kamas. Turn east on Utah Highway 150 for 10 miles to campground.
The Lower Provo River is nearby, offering good trout fishing. Numerous hiking, biking and horseback riding trails crisscross this beautiful mountain area, including North Fork and Shingle Creek Trails. Off-road vehicle trails are in the vicinity.


Emily walked to school today. My little baby all grown up! I trailed behind her to make sure she was safe, though. I was so proud of my daughter for making it school all by herself. I saw her go to her friends and I was close enough to hear their whisper yells. "My mom left me walk here today all myself!" Emily cheered.
Emily walked to school today. My little baby all grown up! I trailed behind her to make sure she was safe, though. I was so proud of my daughter for making it school all by herself.
I saw her go to her friends and I was close enough to hear their whisper yells. "My mom left me walk here today all myself!" Emily cheered.
The girls all acted stunned, and spotted me hiding behind a (Large. I don't know how they saw me) bush.
They gave me looks like I was a horrible person for daring to let my daughter have one sense of freedom and responsibility. Emily was a year older than everyone in her class.
Emily signed up for the school play, she excelled in it. The other moms would stare at me in disgust. They were just jealous of how much of a great actor my daughter is, I told myself.
They're jealous of my baby girl, I thought. Every rehearsal I was there. Sometimes I hid when the moms were too close by me. I didn't want to see their disgust again.
I was just supporting my daughter.
The third incident where someone acted like I was terrible and made me feel lower in low was when I was outside of Emily's classroom early to pick her up.
Her teacher kept glancing at me, then the principal came over to me, I thought he was going to tell me about how great my daughters grades are and how shes behaved so well. I smiled.
"Mrs. Smith, I know the loss of a child is something you grieve over forever, and she was a beloved child at this school. She brought happiness everywhere she went.
right where the doors in which the kids would use to go out for recess are. This case doesn't look good for you. We are asking you one more time, stay off of our properties."
My smile turned into a frown. I started sobbing. My illusion was broken and I was hit with the grim reality that someone hit my baby girl with their car, she didn't survive.


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Information Here?s to all the heroes in our team. We?d like to thank them for rising to the challenge this year and going the extra mile for the people in their care. Every day their key working makes a difference to people?s lives, and here?s...
I am currently recruiting for Recovery Workers to work for a large charity that specializes in Mental Health and Recovery. You will help support people on a one to one basis in the office and in the community as they work towards a healthy mental...
* We can offer you 9.24 per hour with an increased weekend rate, and up to 17.00 per hour on bank holidays* (Hours can be flexible) We are looking for enthusiastic, flexible and reliable individuals to join our teams delivering care to people...
A brilliant opportunity has come up to work for an independent company who?s one of the only Salt Bath Treatment operators in the North. In this position you will learn from an incredibly experienced team and develop a skill and trade which is...
Hours per Week 38.50 Information Here?s to all the heroes in our team. We?d like to thank them for rising to the challenge this year and going the extra mile for the people in their care. Every day their key working makes a difference to people?s...
Our client, a West Yorkshire Local Authority, is seeking three experienced Children?s Qualified Social Workers to join its Children?s & Young People?s Services! Are you passionate about making a difference in Children?s lives? Do you have...
Cardiff (uk)
There is a vacancy in the Pre-birth team to cover a PSW - This team provides intensive planned intervention, assessment, and support during pregnancy to parents where support needs and/ or risks have been identified, the key requirement for a...

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Home / DIY / DIY Bath Paint… No Food Coloring Needed!
This two ingredient DIY Bath Paint is the perfect DIY project. It's super easy to make, cost effective, and so much fun that mama and dada joined in too.
I was seeing so many Instagram posts of bath paint fun, and started searching Pinterest for an easy DIY recipe. All that I found had food coloring, and I am not a fan. I think the colors are hard to mix and I don't ever trust that it won't stain. So I put off our DIY bath paint for the time being.
Then one day I saw a post on PlayOkay_405's Instagram. They had taken shaving cream and chalk outside and the pictures looked so amazing I knew we had to try. We layered colors of chalk onto the pavement and sprayed shaving cream on top.. The powder from the chalk blended in with the shaving cream, making dreamy colorful clouds. It was so much fun, but it was messy and she needed a bath right after. Once I put her in the tub I noticed her taking the extra foam from her legs and painting the walls. It washed away immediately, and I had a the perfect DIY bath paint idea!
Ready to make the paint?
The next day I took some of her broken chalk pieces and placed them into sandwich bags. I then used a hammer to break them into small pieces. This would be fun prep work for older kids to help you with. I definitely recommend breaking into quarters first, of course it breaks easily when your trying to color but I had to put some muscle into breaking it into dust. I then used containers I used specifically for crafts, and filled them with shaving cream. I then sprinkled the chalk dust on top and started to mix them together. I put Aaliyah in the bath and gave her the containers and paint brushes. She started painting right away and loved it.
I thought for sure I had achieved DIY success. Then I noticed that the colors of the DIY bath paint weren't as vibrant as the shaving cream and chalk had been outside. Then I looked down and noticed that there were big pieces of chalk on her feet and the bottom of the tub.
The next day (yes I was very determined to get this to work) I spent more time grinding up the chalk. I made sure to turn all of it into powder. This time I only used half a piece of chalk for each container and the colors were way more vibrant that they had been before. She loved painting as much of the wall as possible. The paint spread easily with both her brush and her hands. Using the shaving cream is such a fun sensory experience. The texture feels amazing against the smooth tiles of the bathtub walls!
Once she was done, I turned the shower on and rinsed her off and used the containers to rinse the walls. The DIY bath paint came off so easily I didn't even have to scrub!
We have done this DIY bath paint many times in the past few weeks. It's so easy and quick to prepare and then just let her sit in the tub and play. We talk about colors and what she is painting. Older kids can also experement with color mixing. The foam blends together beautifully!
Two ingredient bath paint! Could there be a more perfect DIY project? Have you ever tried DIY bath paint?
Love this idea! I will definitely have to try this with my kiddos when we run out of things to do!
Love this! I have so many pieces of broken chalk and I hate just getting rid of them, will have to do this and add some extra fun to bathtime here!
Us too! I hate throwing art supplies away so this was the perfect way to recycle!
Lol! It's so fun they will love it!
Oh this looks like so much fun! I can't wait until my son is old enough to play in the bath!
It's so fun!You guys will have a blast!
This is such a neat idea! I cant wait till my son is older and will enjoy this stuff.
Thank you! I bet he will have so much fun!
What a fun and determined Mama you are! This looks like so much fun! My kids would love it.
This is such a great idea! Can't wait to try it out with my little guy!
I love this idea! I rent though so I am a little apprehensive, but I may try a small batch anyway!
We do too! Definitely test a little first but it didn't stain at all for us! Even the ones we did first on the concrete washed away!
Lots like lots of fun! Glad she enjoyed it!
I can't believe how easy this is to make! I will have to try this!
Like you I am not a fan of using food coloring; especially for anything that is going to go onto my white bathtub. It just scares me too much that it won't really come off. This idea is perfect because we have tons of "chalk pieces" and it washes off easily! Can't wait to try this!
Seriously! I was just making colorful sensory rice with some food coloring and I was like there is NO WAY I would put this in the tub! I hope you have so much fun!
Best idea!! This looks like too much fun!!
Thank you! And it is so fun!
My kids would finally want to take a bath if I let them do this! Lol Cute idea!
They will never want to get out of the bath! Lol Thank you!
What a great idea! I plan to try this with my girls! Pinned for later! Love your blog!
Thank you so much!! I hope you all have so much fun!
This is so cool! Such a fun idea. Can't wait till our little one is old enough!
Thank you! And I bet they will love it!
What a great idea! I love this and going to try with my toddler!!
Yay! Hope you love it! Take pictures!
True! And it didn't for us at all, I didn't even scrub just used the shower to rinse it away! I would definitely test first just in case though!
Love it, I wish my kids were still toddler so I could try this. I will share with my sister-in-law so she could do with my niece.
Oh my gosh. I love love love this idea! I have been trying to find some creative DIYS for the bath, and this is it! I'm gonna try it out! DO you mind if I blog it, and reference it back to you?
Yay!! Please do! I can't wait to see how much you love it!!
BRILLIANT!! Mama!! You are brilliant!! You have solved a huge problem in my house and lucky for us we have a toooooooonnnnn-nuh chalk pieces!
Ahhhh! Yes! My kids would absolutely love to use this paint!
I think this is awesome idea to reise chalk pieces.. Damn sure my daughters will not sit and just paint bath tub. They will like to paint all wall rooms???.
This is genius! I'll have to give this a try next bath night!


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WashU IT DEI Committee Members
Meet our WashU IT Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Committee members.
Paige Dunk
Hi! My name is Paige Dunk, and no one place has ever really been my hometown, since I've lived in Wisconsin, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, and now here in Missouri. While the moves brought their challenges, they also gave me incredible experiences and the opportunity to meet all kinds of different people from various backgrounds and cultures. In fact, I might say that observing these vast cultures and diverse peoples and how they interacted was probably the starting point of my interest in diversity and inclusion.
Professionally and educationally speaking, I received my Bachelors of Communications from UMSL (along with a certifications in advertising, marketing, and public relations), and have worked jobs ranging from journalism, event planning, and emergency preparedness and crisis management before finding my way to WashU IT as a Communications Specialist. I've had a blast working here at WashU as there are always new challenges to solve and fun, talented people to work with.
When I'm not at work, you can find me playing video games with my wonderful fiancé, spoiling my adorable cat, exploring the outdoors, writing creative stories, cooking something new and challenging, or volunteering within the community!
Jill Fechtman
"In our work and in our living, we must recognize that difference is a reason for celebration and growth, rather than a reason for destruction." – Audre Lorde
"People have the right to call themselves whatever they like. That doesn't bother me. It's other people doing the calling that bothers me." – Octavia E. Butler
These quotes, from two amazing women, illustrate why DEI is important to Jill and why Jill joined the WashU IT DEI Committee. For as long as she can remember, even as a small child growing up in Indiana, Jill has been aware of the problematic ways in which social constructs (things like gender, race and ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, class, religion, and masculinity) have served to disenfranchise certain members of our society and allowed others to attain unearned and undeserved social status and privilege.
While not perfect, Jill strives to listen, to be open to learning new things and to be curious, compassionate, and thoughtful.
Jill has been at Washington University in various capacities over the years and landed in WashU IT in April 2020.
Dragana Mijajlovic
Originally from Serbia, Dragana came to the United States approximately 21 years ago. Coming from a different culture and with English not being her first language Dragana experienced a lot of challenges but in spite to these disadvantages Dragana excelled in school. She attended the St. Louis University where she earned her Bachelor degree and the Webster University where she earned her Master's. During that time Dragana met her husband and decided to stay in the US.
Working in different organizations and facing the barriers due to the unique background made Dragana think about what is the value of diversity and what are the ways to promote diversity, equity and inclusion throughout organizations and specifically work teams to integrate the knowledge, perspectives and unique background of every member to make the organization more successful.
Theophilus Murphy
Pronounced THEE-ah-fill-US, born and raised in St. Louis, MO. I hold a degree in I.T.S.M. (I.T. Service Management) I am a coach (Football and Baseball), Community Outreach Coordinator (church) and Strength & Conditioning Trainer for several local high school Athletes. I enjoy to make new connections and have been known by my family to "NOT KNOW A STRANGER".
I've been with WashU for 3 years and am determined to stick around as long as possible. DE&I has become a passion for me, after lifelong exposure from family and other mentors, which highlighted various levels of socio-economic and civil injustice that plague every part of our nation…and even world. I'm a firm believer in ideas such as "Love Conquers All" and strength in numbers.
I don't believe that this is a fight ANY of us can afford to avoid, so it's MY hope, that we can help people identify THEIR strength in assisting eradicating injustice.
Personal Motto: Love me enough to hurt my feelings w/ correction, don't LIKE me enough to let me be wrong.
Regina Sykes
Born and raised in St. Louis, MO, she is married, has 6 adult children (4 sons and 2 daughters (one of which she tragically lost in 2016)), 6 grandchildren (all boys) and fully enjoys being a grandmother. Regina is the founder and president of Monica's Voice, a non-profit 503c organization assisting families with missing loved ones, which was created in memory of her daughter Monica. Regina loves keeping active by dancing, exercising and occasionally going for ride on her Harley Sportser!
Regina's background is in the Information Technology field where she has spent 30+ years as a Business Analyst and managing teams of Business Analysts, Technical Trainers, Technical Writers, Communications Specialist, Process Improvement Analysts and Customer Service Representatives. Regina spent 20+ years in corporate America working in the information technology field for companies such as Wells Fargo and Spectrum (Charter Communications). In 2013 she entered into the new world of higher education.
Regina's motto is "meet people where they are" and by doing this you will treat people how they want to be treated and not how you want to treat them.
Julie Szaj
Originally from Wisconsin, Julie moved to Missouri in 1987. She is married, has 2 adult children, and loves living in an "empty nest." Julie is an avid gardener, photographer, and loves to travel and meet people from all over the world.
Julie's background is in education/instructional design. She was a classroom teacher for 10 years then worked for Mizzou for 15 years as an instructional designer. She was hired at WashU as a Performance Support Analyst in 2016.
Julie's motto is "better together" and firmly believes that we can accomplish great things if we listen to each with open ears and hearts, and approach life with empathy and kindness.
Monique Tumbleson
Monique Antoinette (she/they) was born in Coral Springs, Florida. Adventurous by nature, she has lived in Florida, Colorado, Michigan, Missouri, Louisiana, and now Illinois. Raised as a latchkey kid in a single parent household in rural Michigan, Monique developed interest in their hobbies at a young age to keep herself and her siblings entertained through the evenings. She enjoys painting, drawing, reading, knitting & crocheting, weaving, gardening, caring for her collection of 100+ houseplants, enjoying her vinyl collection, and riding her 1986 Nishiki Modulus around her neighborhood. Monique and her partner spend a majority of their time gardening and renovating/remodeling their 1929 craftsman home they purchased in July 2019 as first time homeowners. They share their home with three very spoiled, and much loved, rescued fur babies- Stellaluna (an all-black Chihuahua & Pomeranian mix), Binx (a tuxedo DSH cat), and Lavender (an all gray DSH cat).
Her interest in diversity, equity, and inclusion started at a young age due to the experiences she lived as a child. They are a firm believer that the personal is political. She received her high school diploma while homeless, was a graduate from the TRIO Upward Bound Program where she studied at UIC, and she also dual enrolled in writing and drawing courses at Grand Rapids Community College while in high school at Godwin Heights. They earned their college degree (with the aid of many scholarships and Pell grants) from Grand Valley State University in 2013; a Bachelor of Science Degree in Public Administration with an emphasis in Community Development & Planning, and Women & Gender Studies. She has a personal connection to the following social justice causes: LGBTQIA oppression, sexuality & gender issues, child welfare, family privilege/familial inequality, prison reform, mental health equity & recovery, poverty and economic justice, and systemic racism.
Shahira Wallace
Hi! My name is Shahira (Sha-high-ra) and I was born and raised in Des Moines, Iowa. My family is originally from St. Louis, so I would visit frequently growing up. As a young girl, I was only exposed to one area in St. Louis and I remember how different I thought it was from Des Moines. My sister and I use to play a game by counting how many black people we saw in Des Moines while we were out. When visiting St. Louis, we would count how many white people we saw. It wasn't until I was in high school and able to drive when I realized St. Louis was much bigger than the area I was exposed to as a young girl. After becoming a little more familiar with St. Louis, the opportunities, and the increase in diversity it had to offer than what I was use to in Des Moines, I decided to move to St. Louis after graduating college. Throughout all my experiences in life thus far, I have learned how much a person's upbringing can dictate their outlook on the world and other people. This is why I believe it is important to explore and practice seeing things from a different view as you maneuver through life.
Adam Wylie
Adam grew up in the St. Louis area, living in several locations across town. He has a degree from Webster University and has worked at Washington University for over five years. His professional background includes concert sound and lighting, corporate audio visuals, training and media production.
Adam strives to only measure individuals by their actions and to first assume good intent.
DEI Webpage


I am a girl and when I grow up I'll be a beautiful, curvy woman.
I am a boy and I'll grow up to be one handsome hunk.
You morons won't be anything, you're on your way to the stomach.
Last edited by hoverfly; 07-10-2012 at 09:57 AM.
Ah! Life can be so deceiving sometimes!
Pleased you enjoyed it. I thought it might strike the sicker sense of humour that I too am a fan of.


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Lithium-supplier Galaxy Announces Agreement with K2 Energy
Galaxy Resources Limited announced that it has signed a technology license agreement with US-based lithium ion battery producer K2 Energy Solutions Inc..
Galaxy, which aims to become one of the world's leading producers of lithium compounds, wholly-owns and operates the Mt Cattlin mine, which is currently producing spodumene concentrate (a lithium aluminium silicate). Galaxy's Jiangsu Lithium Carbonate plant, once completed, will have a design capacity of 17,000 tpa of lithium carbonate, which Galaxy expects would make it one of the largest plants in China converting hard rock lithium mineral concentrates into lithium compounds and chemicals.
Under the Agreement, K2 Energy will provide Galaxy with battery technology expertise, licensing and commercial support for the construction and operation of Galaxy's proposed Jiangsu battery manufacturing plant in China.
A123 Systems to Supply Energy Storage System to Dongfang Electric
A123 Systems landed a contract to supply a 500kW advanced energy storage solution to Dongfang Electric Corporation (DEC), the third largest manufacturer of wind turbines in the People's Republic of China and the country's largest exporter of power equipment. Expected to be installed at DEC's manufacturing facility in Hangzhou city, China Zhejiang Province, by the end of 2011, the system is designed as a demonstration project to help DEC evaluate how advanced energy storage can address the challenges associated with the rapid growth of wind power in China.
"The government has set ambitions goals to increase wind power in China to about 170GW by 2020, and DEC looks forward to doing our part to help reach this target.
However, there will be infrastructure and interconnection challenges along the way that must be addressed," said Mr. He, general manager of Dongfang Electrical Machinery Co. "Advanced storage technology continues to show promise as a potential solution to the variability of wind energy generation, and installing this project with A123 will allow us to gain hands-on experience with grid-scale storage systems. Ultimately, we expect this to help us understand how we can leverage larger-scale energy storage deployments to facilitate the rapid adoption of wind energy across China."
This project will be A123's first energy storage system in China, where only about 72 percent of the country's total wind power generating capacity is connected to the power grid, according to data from the China Power Union. This is largely due to the unacceptable Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) capability--during periods of low grid voltage, wind farms are disconnecting and are slow to reconnect when voltage increases--and the general lack of ramp management technology, which results in the inability to predict the output of wind farms and leads to grid instability.
"We believe that China represents a significant market opportunity for our advanced energy storage technology, especially as a solution to addressing the LVRT and ramp-management problems standing in the way of the country's aggressive plans for wind power deployment," said Robert Johnson, vice president of the Energy Solutions Group at A123. "Today's announcement is a significant step toward developing a presence in China, and by aligning ourselves with an established organization like DEC, we believe we will gain a considerable strategic advantage. We are hopeful that DEC will find that our storage systems are optimal for enabling the widespread adoption of wind power, and believe this project could result in additional contracts going forward."
Carbon Fiber Electrodes Boost Lithium Air Batteries
MIT researchers have found a way to improve the energy density of a type of battery known as lithium-air (or lithium-oxygen) batteries, producing a device that could potentially pack several times more energy per pound than the lithium-ion batteries that now dominate the market for rechargeable devices in everything from cellphones to cars.
The work is a continuation of a project that last year demonstrated improved efficiency in lithium-air batteries through the use of noble-metal-based catalysts. In principle, lithium-air batteries have the potential to pack even more punch for a given weight than lithium-ion batteries because they replace one of the heavy solid electrodes with a porous carbon electrode that stores energy by capturing oxygen from air flowing through the system, combining it with lithium ions to form lithium oxides.
The new work takes this advantage one step further, creating carbon-fiber-based electrodes that are substantially more porous than other carbon electrodes, and can therefore more efficiently store the solid oxidized lithium that fills the pores as the battery discharges.
"We grow vertically aligned arrays of carbon nanofibers using a chemical vapor deposition process. These carpet-like arrays provide a highly conductive, low-density scaffold for energy storage," explains Robert Mitchell, a graduate student in MIT's Department of Materials Science and Engineering (DMSE) and co-author of a paper describing the new findings in the journal Energy and Environmental Science.
During discharge, lithium-peroxide particles grow on the carbon fibers, adds co-author Betar Gallant, a graduate student in MIT's Department of Mechanical Engineering. In designing an ideal electrode material, she says, it's important to "minimize the amount of carbon, which adds unwanted weight to the battery, and maximize the space available for lithium peroxide," the active compound that forms during the discharging of lithium-air batteries.
"We were able to create a novel carpet-like material — composed of more than 90 percent void space — that can be filled by the reactive material during battery operation," says Yang Shao-Horn, the Gail E. Kendall Professor of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering and senior author of the paper. The other senior author of the paper is Carl Thompson, the Stavros Salapatas Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and interim head of DMSE.
In earlier lithium-air battery research that Shao-Horn and her students reported last year, they demonstrated that carbon particles could be used to make efficient electrodes for lithium-air batteries. In that work, the carbon structures were more complex but only had about 70 percent void space.
The gravimetric energy stored by these electrodes — the amount of power they can store for a given weight — "is among the highest values reported to date, which shows that tuning the carbon structure is a promising route for increasing the energy density of lithium-air batteries," Gallant says. The result is an electrode that can store four times as much energy for its weight as present lithium-ion battery electrodes.
In the paper published last year, the team had estimated the kinds of improvement in gravimetric efficiency that might be achieved with lithium-air batteries; this new work "realizes this gravimetric gain," Shao-Horn says. Further work is still needed to translate these basic laboratory advances into a practical commercial product, she cautions.
This diagram depicts the essential functioning of the lithium-air battery. Ions of lithium combine with oxygen from the air to form particles of lithium oxides, which attach themselves to carbon fibers on the electrode as the battery is being used. During recharging, the lithium oxides separate again into lithium and oxygen and the process can begin again. Graphic: Courtesy of Mitchell, Gallant, and Shao-Horn
Because the electrodes take the form of orderly "carpets" of carbon fibers — unlike the randomly arranged carbon particles in other electrodes — it is relatively easy to use a scanning electron microscope to observe the behavior of the electrodes at intermediate states of charge. The researchers say this ability to observe the process, an advantage that they had not anticipated, is a critical step toward further improving battery performance. For example, it could help explain why existing systems degrade after many charge-discharge cycles.
Ji-Guang Zhang, a laboratory fellow in battery technology at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, says this is "original and high-quality work." He adds that this research "demonstrates a very unique approach to preparing high-capacity electrodes for lithium-air batteries."
As the battery is used, particles of lithium peroxide form as small dots on the sides of carbon nanofibers (top), and eventually assume larger toroidal (donut) shapes as the battery continues to discharge (bottom), as seen in these scanning electron microscope images. Photo: Courtesy of Mitchell, Gallant, and Shao-Horn
Posted by Unknown at 11:10 AM 1 comment:
Wanxiang and Ener1 Receive Chinese Government Approval for JV
Ener1, Inc., a manufacturer of lithium-ion batteries, and Wanxiang Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd., a division of the Chinese conglomerate Wanxiang Group Corporation, today announced that they have received approval from the Chinese government for their joint venture to co-manufacture lithium-ion energy storage systems for the China market.
Government officials, including Party Secretary Zhao Hongzhu from China's Zhejiang Province, Indiana Governor Mitch Daniels (see photo) and members of the Indiana Economic Development Corporation, were on hand for the announcement as part of the Indiana-Zhejiang Business Symposium in Indianapolis. The delegation also toured Ener1's manufacturing plant in Mt. Comfort, Ind., which is one of three facilities the company has throughout the Indianapolis area.
"Indiana is committed to maintaining a climate where innovative businesses like Ener1 can succeed," Governor Daniels said. "We're very proud to have played a role in bringing these two companies together and look forward to their shared success as they develop the next phase of the electric car industry. Today's announcement is an example of one of many fruitful partnerships between Indiana and China and shows that the Hoosier economy has a global reach."
The new company – Zhejiang Wanxiang Ener1 Power System Co., Ltd – will initially focus on fulfilling existing contracts with State Grid, which is the largest power supplier in China. These projects include providing lithium-ion battery systems for a pure electric bus project for the city of Qingdao, a pure electric car project for the city of Hangzhou, as well as a grid energy storage system. As capacity increases, it is anticipated the joint venture will work with other existing customers, such as SAIC Motor, Dongfeng Motor, Faw Haima Motor, Chang'an Automobile, Guangzhou Automobile and Yutong. The joint enterprise is expected to achieve annual cell manufacturing capacity of 300 million Ampere hours (approximately 40,000 electric vehicle battery packs) annually by 2014.
"Wanxiang has built strong and deep customer relationships throughout China," said Dr. Lu Guanqiu, founder and chairman of Wanxiang Group. "We are pleased that we have found such a technologically-advanced business partner like Ener1 to help us produce battery systems for our transportation and power grid customers."
"We're pleased to begin working with our partners at Wanxiang, with whom we've developed a strong relationship over the past year, to bring our lithium-ion battery packs and cells to one of the fastest-growing markets," said Charles Gassenheimer, chairman and CEO, Ener1, Inc. "We believe our technical expertise, coupled with Wanxiang's manufacturing aptitude, will help us quickly deliver exceptional energy storage solutions for customers in China."
The company also introduced its new leadership team, including: Dr. Jun Chen, who will serve as chief executive officer of Zhejiang Wanxiang Ener1 Power System Co.; Mr. Junqi Du, chief operating officer; and Dr. Taison Tan, chief technology officer.
Ener1, Inc. is a publicly traded (NASDAQ: HEV) energy storage technology company that develops compact, lithium-ion-powered battery solutions for the transportation, utility grid and industrial electronics markets. Headquartered in New York City, the company has more than 700 employees with manufacturing locations in the United States and Korea. Ener1 also develops commercial fuel cell products and nanotechnology-based materials.
Wanxiang Group was founded by Dr. Lu Guanqiu, who (according to the company) is regarded as a legendary entrepreneur in China for taking $500 in start-up capital in 1969 to create a farm tool repair shop and transforming it into one of the largest non-government-owned companies in China. The company is the country's largest automotive components manufacturer, and a conglomerate with more than $10 billion (USD) in revenue covering businesses including financial services, alternative energies, agricultural products, international trading, natural resources, real estate, private equity and venture capital investment, and other areas. Wanxiang Group currently employs more than 30,000 employees worldwide, with 19 companies in 9 countries and a sales and marketing network covering over 50 countries. The Boston Consulting Group has listed Wanxiang Group as one of the 100 most successful companies in China.
Energy Storage is Key for Commercial Buildings
According to a new report from Pike Research, the market for energy storage in commercial buildings is poised for significant growth in the years ahead. Why? The market momentum toward greater energy efficiency in commercial buildings, the proliferation of smart grid technologies, and the growth of renewable energy installations both on a distributed basis as well as at the utility scale are all driving heightened interest in the opportunity for energy storage in commercial buildings. Buildings represent a large portion of total energy consumption, and many of their occupants are actively seeking ways of managing their energy costs through efficiency measures as well as innovative means of optimizing their expenditures under time of use (TOU) electricity rates and other variable pricing structures.
Pike Research forecasts, under a baseline scenario, that the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) market, which is currently the largest segment within this industry, will increase from $3.4 billion in 2011 to $4.8 billion by 2016.
Another key emerging segment includes ice-based thermal energy storage (TES) custom systems, which Pike Research anticipates will rise from $15 million in revenue in 2011 to $37 million by 2016. Under a more aggressive growth scenario, this market could reach as high as $92 million during the same period. Ice-based TES rooftop units in North America will also experience strong growth, increasing from $12 million in 2011 to $123 million by 2016 under a baseline forecast scenario.
"Energy storage presents a compelling opportunity for building owners and managers," says research analyst Eric Bloom. "These systems offer the ability to manage operating expenses in the face of aggressive demand charges and dynamic pricing schemes, which are on the rise throughout North America."
Bloom adds that, while UPS and TES will continue to lead the market in the foreseeable future, significant opportunity also exists for commercial buildings to utilize flow batteries and lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries for energy storage as the economics of those technologies continue to improve.
Pike Research's report, "Energy Storage in Commercial Buildings", explores the market potential for energy storage in commercial buildings including an examination of market issues, technology issues, and the competitive landscape in this emerging sector.
Panasonic Opens European Residential Fuel Cell R&D Center
Panasonic launched the Panasonic Fuel Cell Development Office Europe (PFCOE) in Langen, Germany. The facility, situated in Panasonic's European R&D center in Germany (PRDCG), will focus on developing residential fuel cells for the European market in close collaboration with leading European utility companies.
Panasonic has been developing residential fuel cells micro CHP (combined heat and power system) since 1999 and launched the world's first system, the ENE FARM, in May 2009 in Japan.
The center in Langen will focus on developing and adapting the fuel cells to reflect the different operational conditions between Europe and Japan. As the operation of fuel cells depends on the composition of natural gas, it is necessary for the fuel cell to be adapted to European gas conditions. The fuel cell micro CHP generates electricity through a chemical reaction between oxygen in the atmosphere and hydrogen extracted from natural gas (methane, CH4). The heat generated as a by-product of this process is also used for home heating and hot water supplies. In Japan, a house powered by an ENE FARM fuel cell can expect to save about 1.5 tons of CO2 emissions per year compared with a house powered by electricity from thermal power station and a gas heating system.
Laurent Abadie, Chairman and CEO, of Panasonic Europe said: "We have a global goal to become the 'number one green innovation company in the consumer electronics industry' by 2018. As part of this goal, we in Europe are committed to providing products to the market that enable our customers, around the world, to live in a more sustainable way."
"Our fuel cell micro CHP are already used in our "eco ideas house" in Japan which is a concept house that shows how with the right technology we can all have homes that store, create and save energy with virtually zero CO2 emissions. We haven't brought the fuel cells to the European market before but with our new R&D center dedicated to the advancement of fuel cell technology in Europe, we are one step closer to realising our goal for 2018 and ensuring that our customers have access to green technologies globally while building on Panasonic's green energy business and sales."
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Slideshow: a rainbow of coloured panels extend up from a concrete base to form the walls of this sports hall in A Coruña.
Designed by Spanish architect José Ramón Garitaonaindía de Vera, the Arteixo sports centre contains a single games hall, surrounded by changing rooms, toilets and other facilities.
The walls of the building enclose a small square courtyard near to the entrance lobby, as well as another stretching alongside the games hall.
An external staircase leads up to a first floor terrace, where visitors can observe activities taking place inside.
You can read more stories about design for sports here, including our recent story about a concrete gymnasium with a windowless yellow facade.
Photography is by Hector Santos-Díez.
In a parcel with a regular and flat shape, with a river within its boundaries, stands the Arteixo Sport Center. To the North it faces the municipal pool, to the South is bounded with another parcel owned by the same Partial Plan. In West direction lies to the road known as "Travesia dos colexios" and this which provides access to the Sports Center. Finally the river sets the limits to the East.
At first sight, Arteixo appears as the clearly defined things do, denying some common places about oneself. Quick architectures which, despite all, stand the test of time.
The assignment of a unique building in a consolidated urban area, the configuration of the site, limits on the scope and the characteristics of a project, which use conforms their own position in the plan, leads us to a regular configuration without stringency to facilitate its operation.
The Sports Centers have an urban dimension relatively aggressive due to its scale. We propose a support area that wraps the main track to achieve the appropriate scale transition within the ambit.
Furthermore, these facilities are usually dark places, so we opt for a box beams structure in the longitudinal direction to the track, so that receives North light, optimal for the game, and South light nuanced through translucent polycarbonate in that box beams.
In another vein, following the path started long ago, Arteixo Sport Center arises as a rainbow, using this metaphor to explain the final result: the rainbow that amazes us, that comes and dazzles us with his presence and that leaves no one indifferent.
Therefore the material used for the facade is the U-glass overhead on wooden panels painted in colours.
Architectures is always designed for the user, which is the only possible way to reach its completion, its public use more domestic and why not, the always intrinsic illusions to the path laid out time ago, make the work ringworm of all colors.
This is the most personal project because it wants to present an illusion: it's like a dream and my journey.
The building stands on a concrete base that enhances the already lightweight facades; the color closing through the U-glass that surrounds it allows it to be visible during the day in a diffused way and nights throught some projectors indicating to the public when there are important events in the sports center, establishing beyond their own use directly relationship to the urban environment in which it sits.
We propose a courtyard in the longitudinal direction with the intention that the vegetation can enter in the building.
Take special relevance the terraces that can be accessed from the outside. These increases the capacity of sports center because from them you can also see the play área while are a outside balcony from where one sees Arteixo.
The structure of the service area is concrete, the floors of prefabricated slabs and fencing, also a concrete wall with plasterboard cladding and insulation. The structure was solved by parallel trusses on steel columns HEB-300. The metal structure reveals further the intrinsic character of the work in this case subject to a universe where color has filled all space.
As for the covers will be of three types. Practicable prefabrication concrete panels of 8 cm thick and not pratical, finished in stainless Steel dual finish autoprotected impermeable sheet.
For pavements, including bleachers, used industrial recycled oak parquet of 2.4 cm thick. This choice of runway pavement and the grandstand provides a continuity not only of the material also visual for the viewer, and establishing a closer relationship with the game.
Light floods for color loose in the environment and strain from the outside.
There have been many that over time have found in the rainbow a source of inspiration for their work. Remember to Raymond Queneau in Exercices of Style, 1947 or Terencio Formenti in his Poems book carried by the wind.
Location: Avenida de Arsenio Iglesias, Arteixo, A Coruña, Spain.
Project Team: Montserrat Neira, Omar Curros.
Structural Engineers: Jorge Aragón Fitera.
Budget: 2,293,128 milliones de Euros.


text:
package com.heinrichreimersoftware.materialdrawer.animation;

import android.animation.TypeEvaluator;
import android.graphics.ColorMatrix;

public class AlphaSatColorMatrixEvaluator implements TypeEvaluator {

    private static final int MAX_BLACKER = 50;

    private ColorMatrix colorMatrix;
    float[] elements = new float[20];

    public AlphaSatColorMatrixEvaluator() {
        colorMatrix = new ColorMatrix();
    }

    public ColorMatrix getColorMatrix() {
        return colorMatrix;
    }

    @Override
    public Object evaluate(float fraction, Object startValue, Object endValue) {
        // There are 3 phases so we multiply fraction by that amount
        float phase = fraction * 3;

        // Compute the alpha change over period [0, 2]
        float alpha = Math.min(phase, 2f) / 2f;
        elements[19] = (float) Math.round(alpha * 255);

        // We subtract to make the picture look darker, it will automatically clamp
        // This is spread over period [0, 2.5]
        float blackening = (float) Math.round((1 - Math.min(phase, 2.5f) / 2.5f) * MAX_BLACKER);
        elements[4] = elements[9] = elements[14] = -blackening;

        // Finally we desaturate over [0, 3], taken from ColorMatrix.setSaturation
        float invSat = 1 - Math.max(0, fraction);
        float R = 0.213f * invSat;
        float G = 0.715f * invSat;
        float B = 0.072f * invSat;

        elements[0] = R + fraction;
        elements[1] = G;
        elements[2] = B;
        elements[5] = R;
        elements[6] = G + fraction;
        elements[7] = B;
        elements[10] = R;
        elements[11] = G;
        elements[12] = B + fraction;

        colorMatrix.set(elements);
        return colorMatrix;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On our way back from the Mojave Dessert, Jonathan and I decided we needed a date day/night. We love nothing more then seeing friends and family, but the best times are always the times with just the two of us. Before checking into the resort we were staying out for the remaining three nights of our trip, we hit up a West Coast favorite, In-N-Out Burger! I personally love In-N-Out burger more then any other burger joint I have come across for a couple reasons. They use all natural ingredients and they're burgers are small!! I'm not much of a meat eater, so all I need is a little piece of meat for flavor. It's more of a dainty burger instead of some of the other burgers out there that could feed a whole village.
After our taste of In-N-Out, we settled into the resort and headed to Pacific Beach to watch the sunset before dinner.
As the sun started to set over the great pacific, we stopped off to grab a drink at another favorite or ours on the water, Lahaina Beach House!
After the beautiful sunset, we went to one of the best sushi restaurant in PB, Sushi Ota and had a beautiful romantic dinner!


According to a report in ZDNet, the list was discovered by the cybersecurity company Agari, which was on the receiving end of one of the scamming efforts. Agari has called the group London Blue and believes it is headquartered in Nigeria and has agents in the U.S. and U.K.
Agari warned that London Blue sends out phishing e-mails in a business email compromise scheme that appears to request funds transfers within a financial institution, when the funds are actually being sent to an outside bank account. London Blue's list includes a heavy focus on mortgage companies, with more than half of the 50,000 names on their list linked to lenders in the U.S.
"Targets included companies in a very broad range of sectors, from small businesses to the largest multinational corporations," said Agari in a report on the London Blue efforts.


text:
Title: Apocynaceae
Subject: Flora of Madhya Pradesh, List of culinary fruits, Gentianales, List of psychoactive plants, Samoan plant names
Collection: Apocynaceae, Asterid Families
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Apocynaceae
Juss.
Apocynum
Asclepiadaceae Borkh. (nom. cons.)
Periplocaceae Schltr. (nom. cons.)
Plumeriaceae Horan.
Stapeliaceae Horan.
Vincaceae Vest
Willughbeiaceae J. Agardh
Apocynaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes trees, shrubs, herbs, stem succulents, and vines, commonly called the dogbane family,[1] after the American plant known as dogbane, Apocynum cannabinum.[2] Members of the family are native to European, Asian, African, Australian, and American tropics or subtropics, with some temperate members.[1]
Many species are tall trees found in tropical rainforests, but some grow in tropical dry (xeric) environments. Also perennial herbs from temperate zones occur. Many of these plants have milky latex, and many species are poisonous if ingested. Some genera of Apocynaceae, such as Adenium, have milky latex apart from their sap, and others, such as Pachypodium, have clear sap and no latex.
Growth pattern 1.1
Leaves and stems 1.2
Inflorescence and fruit 1.3
Distribution and habitat 4
Toxicity 6
Uses 7
Alstonia scholaris, arrangement of leaves
Growth pattern
The dogbane family includes annual plants, perrenial herbs, stem succulents, woody shrubs, trees, or vines.[1][3] Most exude a milky sap with latex, if injured.
Leaves and stems
Leaves are not divided into smaller leaflets (simple). Leaves may appear one at a time (singly) with each occurrence on alternating sides of the stem (alternate),[3] but usually occur in pairs or in whorls. When paired, they occur on opposite sides of the stem (opposite), with each pair occurring at an angle rotated 90° to the pair below it (decussate).
There is no stipule (a small leaf-like structure at the base of the leaf stem), or stipules are small and sometimes fingerlike.[3]
Inflorescence and fruit
Flowers are usually showy, have radial symmetry (actinomorphic), and are born in head that are cymes or racemes, but can rarely be fasciculate or solitary. They are perfect (bisexual), with a synsepalous, five-lobed calyx united into a tube at the base. Inflorescences are terminal or axillary. Five petals are united into a tube with four or five epipetalous stamens. The style is expanded at the apex into a massive clavuncle just below the stigma. The ovary is usually superior, bicarpellary, and apocarpous, with a common fused style and stigma.
The fruit is a drupe, a berry, a capsule, or a follicle.
Alyxia oliviformis
Catharanthus pusillus
Cryptolepis buchananii
Holarrhena pubescens
Saba senegalensis
Wrightia tinctoria
As of 2012, the family was described as comprising some 5,100 species, where Apocynoideae, Asclepiadoideae, Periplocoideae, Rauvolfioideae, and Secamonoideae are its five subfamilies.[4][subscription required] The former family Asclepiadaceae is included in Apocynaceae according to the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (APG III) modern, largely molecular-based system of flowering plant taxonomy.[5] An updated classification, including 366 genera, 25 tribes and 49 subtribes, was published in 2014.[6]
Distribution and habitat
Wrightia antidysenterica
Species in this family are distributed mainly in tropical regions:
In the rainforests and swamps of Indomalaya: small to very tall evergreen trees up to 80 m tall, often with buttress roots, such as Alstonia and Dyera
In northern Australia: small evergreen trees such as Alstonia, Alyxia, Cerbera and Ochrosia
In deciduous forests of Africa and India: smaller trees such as Carissa, Wrightia and Holarrhena
In tropical America, India, Myanmar and Malaya: evergreen trees and shrubs, such as Rauvolfia, Tabernaemontana and Acokanthera
In Central America: Plumeria, or the frangipani, with its waxy white or pink flowers and a sweet scent
In South America, Africa and Madagascar: many lianas, such as Landolphia
In the Mediterranean region: Nerium, with the well-known oleander or be-still tree (Nerium oleander)
The only genera found in temperate Europe away from the Mediterranean are Vinca (Apocynoideae) and Vincetoxicum (Asclepiadoideae).
In North America: Apocynum, dogbane or Indian hemp, including Apocynum cannabinum, a traditional source of fiber
In continental southern Africa (Angola, Botswana, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe) and Madagascar, except for the humid evergreen forest of the eastern side of Madagascar, and never above 2000 m for the entire island: Pachypodium and Fockea
Several genera are preferred larval host plants for the Queen Butterfly (Danaus gilippus).[7]
All plant-derived (i.e., phytochemical) natural products have some inherent toxicity on ingestion, and many are very toxic, even lethal. This is true of many contained in species of plants from the Apocynaceae family, which include several that are extremely poisonous if parts are ingested, or if they are not handled properly. Members containing cardiac glycosides—genera Acokanthera, Apocynum, Cerbera, Nerium, Thevetia, Strophanthus, etc.—have therapeutic ranges, but often are associated with accidental poisonings, in many cases lethal (see below). Alkaloid-producing species like Rauvolfia, Catharanthus, and Tabernathe are likewise the source of compounds with possible therapeutic ranges, but which have significant associated toxicities if not taken in appropriate doses and in controlled fashion.
Vinca major, a popular garden plant
Several plants of the Apocynaceae family members have had economic uses in the past. Several are sources of important natural products—pharmacologic tool compounds and drug research candidates, and in some cases actual prescription drugs. Cardiac glycosides, which affect heart function, are a ready example. Members studied and known to have such glycosides include the Acokanthera, Apocynum, Cerbera, Nerium, Thevetia and Strophanthus. Rauvolfia serpentina (Indian snakeroot) synthesizes the alkaloids reserpine and rescinnamine, which are of interest in studies of the treatment of high blood pressure, as well as some forms of psychosis. Catharanthus roseus yields alkaloids studied with regard to the treatment of cancer. Certain species of the genus Tabernathe, most notably Tabernathe Iboga contain tryptamine alkaloids such as ibogaine in the roots.
Several genera are grown as ornamental plants, including Amsonia (bluestar), Nerium (oleander), Vinca (periwinkle), Carissa (Natal plum), Allamanda (golden trumpet), Plumeria (frangipani), Thevetia (lucky nut), Mandevilla (Savannah flower), and Adenium (desert-rose).
In addition, the genera Landolphia, Hancornia, Funtumia and Mascarenhasia were used as a commercial source of inferior rubber (see Congo rubber, made mostly from various Landolphia species harvested in the wild).
There may be reports of limited dietary uses of plants from this family,—see however the section on toxicity above. The edible flower of Fernaldia pandurata (common name: loroco) is a popular part of El Salvadorian and Guatemalan cooking. Carissa (Natal plum) produces an edible fruit. The genus Apocynum was reportedly used as a source of fiber by Native Americans. The aromatic fruit juice from Saba comorensis (syn. Landolphia comorensis, the Bungo or Mbungo fruit) is a popular drink, on Pemba Island and other parts of coastal Tanzania.[8]
Finally, ethnopharmacologic and ethnotoxicologic uses are also known. Ibogaine-type alkaloids from the roots of genus Tabernathe have been used in traditional African tribal ceremonies as a source of hallucinogens, and have been studied with regard to the treatment of drug addiction. The juice of Acokanthera species such as A. venenata and the milky juice of the Namibian Pachypodium have reportedly been used as venom for arrow tips by the San people, though others have reported that Pachypodium do not produce such milk.[9]
^ a b c Endress ME, Bruyns PV (2000). "A revised classification of the Apocynaceae s.l.". The Botanical Review 66 (1): 1–56.
^ Heiser CB (2003). Weeds in my garden: observations on some misunderstood plants. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. p. 50.
^ a b c Apocynaceae, Thomas Rosatti, Jepson Herbarium
^ Nazia Nazar, David J. Goyder, James J. Clarkson, Tariq Mahmood and Mark W. Chase, 2013, "The taxonomy and systematics of Apocynaceae: Where we stand in 2012," Bot. J. Linnean Soc., 171(3, March), pp. 482–490, see [2], accessed 22 June 2015.[subscription required]
^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III".
^ Endress M.E., Liede-Schumann S. & Meve U. (2014). "Apocynaceae"An updated classification for (PDF). Phytotaxa 159: 175–194.
^ Klots, Alexander B. (1951). A Field Guide to the Butterflies of North America, East of the Great Plains. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Riverside Press. pp. 77–79.
^ in Agroforestree Database"Saba comorensis" (PDF). Retrieved 30 July 2012.
^ Rapanarivo SHJV, Leeuwenberg AJM (1999). "Taxonomic revision of Pachypodium. Series of revisions of Apocynaceac XLVIII". In Rapanarivo SHJV. Pachypodium (Apocynaceae): taxonomy, habitats and cultivation. Balkema. pp. 1–82.
Articles needing additional references from September 2014
Articles to be expanded from June 2015
Articles needing additional references from June 2015
Articles lacking reliable references from June 2015
WorldHeritage articles needing clarification from June 2015
Articles containing Spanish-language text
WorldHeritage articles needing factual verification from June 2015
Asterid families
Flora of Madhya Pradesh
Leguminosae, Gramineae, Rubiaceae, Combretaceae, Euphorbiaceae
List of culinary fruits
Myrtaceae, Rutaceae, Rosaceae, Arecaceae, Annonaceae
Gentianales
Gentianaceae, Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Loganiaceae, Eudicots
List of psychoactive plants
Dimethyltryptamine, Ayahuasca, Apocynaceae, Ibogaine, Ochnaceae
Samoan plant names
Euphorbiaceae, Zingiberaceae, Rubiaceae, Malvaceae, Fabaceae


text:
Certainty and Dogmatism: The Feeling of Knowing
One of my personal and professional preoccupations is trying to understand religious dogmatism. Specifically, I'm interested in understanding the root causes of doctrinal stubbornness and insularity. For example, in my own religious tradition I've sat through endless doctrinal debates regarding church practices. And as I've witnessed these debates I've made the following observation: There are two kinds of people in the world: Those who might change their minds and those who won't.
I'm sure you've made the same observation. You can feel the degree of openness in the person. And it has nothing to do with the strength of the opinions. I've been in no-holds-barred shouting matches that I've felt were fruitful. The conversation felt flexible and open-ended. I felt in my gut that one of us might actually convince or persuade the other, usually after we had walked away from the conversation, but the point remains: Something stuck. By contrast, I've been in very quiet and polite conversations where I knew I was talking to a brick wall. My conversation partner was unpersuadable. You could feel the ideological immobility. Like talking to a rock.
I recently read a book, Robert Burton's On Being Certain: Believing You are Right Even When You're Not, that I think illuminates some of the dynamics I'm talking about.
The core insight Burton makes in On Being Certain is this: Certainty is a feeling. There is a feeling we have when we know something. To experience this feeling for yourself Burton asks us to recall a recent tip of the tongue experience. Think of meeting someone knowing you know her name but being unable to recall it. That feeling of knowing--"I know this!"--combined with a lack of content (being unable to recall the name) nicely separates the content of knowledge (the name) from the feeling of knowing (the feeling inherent in the tip of the tongue experience). In short, there is a felt experience that is associated with knowing something. Or, more specifically, knowing you know something.
Burton, a neurologist, speculates that this "feeling of knowing" or the "feeling of conviction" is vital to human cognition as it provides us with a reward structure for thought. After successfully solving a problem the feeling of knowing helps signal to us that a solution has arrived. The feeling of knowing also helps us engage in mental search. If I feel I know something (like your name) I'll persist in digging into my memory to figure it out. If, however, I don't get the feeling of knowing I'll not waste any time searching for your name. A similar thing occurs when my students take tests. Sometimes they reach a question where they have a strong feeling of knowing: "I know this!" But on other questions they just draw a blank. No feeling of knowing. On those questions they just guess and move on. But it they feel that they know the answer they will linger and engage in mental search.
Beyond illuminating the phenomenological experience of conviction/knowledge, Burton's other big point is that this system is very glitchy and error prone. Specifically, once I get the feeling of knowing I may forgo any further investigation or reflection. My feeling of knowing tells me I have the answer so why sweat looking for alternatives? As a reinforcing emotion knowledge feels good, it's pleasurable. Consequently, may people stick with the pleasure of "knowing" instead of shrugging off the feeling to reenter the world of debate and argument. It takes a kind of courage to move back into uncertainty. More specifically, it takes a kind of self-overcoming, of saying "No" to yourself. "Knowing" is as pleasurable as doughnuts or ice cream and, like with other pleasures of the flesh, self-restraint and discipline may be required to move back into uncertainty. People might need a diet from certainty. How's that for a New Year's Resolution? To not be so cocksure all the time.
The point of all this is that religious dogmatism is so stubborn because we aren't dealing with rationality. We are working with an emotional system. Overtly, the conversation is about biblical texts or rational arguments. But at root what is governing the conversation is the feeling of knowing. And if the person feels they are right then quality counter-arguments just won't penetrate. The dominant emotional tone of conviction convinces the person that he is in the possession of the truth. That feeling drives the conversation.
A large part of college education is to take a group of people who feel that they know everything (college freshmen) and get them to the point where they feel that they don't know anything. That takes a lot of work in the classroom. The goal is to instill a curious bent to the student's intellectual character. To get them to see each new experience (ideological and interpersonal) as an opportunity for learning.
Higher education is good at this. But I wonder how good the church is at this process. Churches, it seems to me, move in the opposite direction: They try to instill certainty. A similar thing happens in political affiliation. You don't see circumspection when Democrats and Republicans square off. I think this is why we live with the rule to never discuss religion or politics in polite conversation. The "feeling of knowing" infuses those discussions, making them very intense but also very unproductive.
So I wonder, can a church survive if it actually tried to undermine the "feeling of knowing" the way higher education does? Probably not. But I think some persons can make this shift. As a consequence, these person seed the church with question-raisers. The presence of these people infuse the faith community with flexibility and curiosity which prevents ossification and stagnation. A healthy church would be a mix of those who feel they know along with people who feel they don't know. The real trick is getting these people to get along with each other and to mutually affirm the gifts each brings to the communal setting.
15 thoughts on "Certainty and Dogmatism: The Feeling of Knowing"
The Feral Pastor on Monday, January 05, 2009 said:
Thanks for this fascinating and helpful post. Recognizing the emotional aspects of certainty really helps to explain why debate and discussion is so often fruitless.
Another layer that I'm sure is operating to inhibit even considering the possibility of being wrong is how much a person has invested in a particular feeling of certainty. How many years of life, how many habits and practices, how many relationships, how many other feelings of dogmatic certainty are linked to the one being challenged? I'm sure one could look at that neurologically as well in terms of the number and strength of pathway linkages.
What particularly interests me though is this. Assuming for the moment that a feeling of certainty is a good and valuable thing to have in a life of faith, what if we sought to ground that in something other than dogmatic knowledge? (Especially since dogmatics has a way of becoming more ornate over time, trying to plug smaller and smaller gaps and ironically making the overall endeavor seem less secure.) For example, what if the certainty was grounded in a conviction of being loved rather than being "right"? There would still need to be some facts one would have to assert and hold as certain (e.g., that there really is an "other" who exists and can love.) But overall, you would have a vastly more open intellectual range for being uncertain about things because they wouldn't all be threads that could threaten to unravel the garment your experience of certainty is based on.
This is something I've been musing on for some time as "theological minimalism." Thanks for providing the trigger to get me to actually put some thoughts into writing.
Redlefty on Monday, January 05, 2009 said:
Thanks -- that was great and put more structure around some things I'd been mulling over.
With my CoC background, I find it interesting how many members equate this "feeling of knowing" with faith. They think it's one and the same.
Meanwhile, I define faith as having a healthy dose of doubt and the possibility that I'm wrong about the whole thing.
In the end maybe you're right and a healthy church has a mix of both types of people. But I think I'm vastly outnumbered!
Don on Monday, January 05, 2009 said:
I had just come from another blog where a debate over the meaning of verses from the Bible. This post was particularly good in light of the rather heated discussion going on there. It really helps explain the old adage you mentioned about religion and politics. I linked your blog. I hope you don't mind. Some of them need to hear what was said here.
Lisa on Monday, January 05, 2009 said:
Thanks for your post. As I have been reflecting on some things that are happening in my local congregation, your observations fit into those reflections. The frightening part of this is when one claims to know with certainty the will of God for the rest.
I agree with the Feral Pastor. Certainty seems to be rooted in how much is invested and how closely the investment is tied to one's identity and safety. It is very safe to be certain and "know." Not so safe to be uncertain. Anything could happen.
Defenses run high when safe certainty is threatened.
Brad on Monday, January 05, 2009 said:
Wonderful post. A couple of reflections:
1) I wonder what that integrated church looks like? I can think of people (it's easy in the CoC) who were exactly the absolutely-sure type you describe, who, in a kind of familial way, accepted others graciously who were different without ever "backing down" from their certainty. Like a staunch Republican whose best friend is a Democrat, and who can argue (happily and kindly) for hours on end -- though never truly contemplating his/her view being wrong.
So I do know people like that. How do we go about forming it?
2) I am wondering what the divide is between people who "delight" in the feeling of knowing, and who mentally/emotionally can't pull themselves out of the fear that "if" they consider X belief, its effect would be the toppling of the house of cards that is faith.
For example, if a literalist considers interpreting the Bible differently, and their faith is built on the fact that Christian faith is only legitimate if the Bible is read literally, then they are not being cocksure because of any positive feeling; rather, they (rightly?) are fearful of losing their faith.
Is that a legitimate distinction? If so, how much is the cocksure population an amalgam of both "feeling" and "fear"? Which is more dominant? I guess, for me, the latter is easier to sympathize with, while the former is always more frustrating. I can think of strategies to address the latter, too, but not as many for the former.
Jenny Hainsworth on Monday, January 05, 2009 said:
Excellent post! Thank you.
But one Church can and does instill the uncertainty you call for. Ironically, it's the Orthodox Church -- arguably the most doctrinally 'certain' church going, that also enshrines apophatic theology and the very real role of Mystery. For the Orthodox, mysticism and uncertainty are not an optional exercise for the super-pious or the particularly thoughtful, but the non-negotiable starting point for every Christian.
It may even be said that the farther one advances in the Orthodox 'way', the less certain one becomes. A favourite story of mine is the aged monk who simply exclaimed, "Theology??? STUPIDOLOGY!!!" This is not considered a scandalous statement for the Orthodox, but is rather an anecdote repeated again and again with smiles and chuckles of delight and recognition.
Can a church survive that takes this attitude? Yes, for over two thousand years!
I think the distinction that you make at the end of the post -- between people who are sure and those who aren't mixed -- is suspect. It makes too much of personality types. People who are always certain may simply be self-worshipers or narcissists, and those who are never certain may be spineless wimps who will never commit to any truth. Neither is particularly helpful to anyone, and neither bears the hallmark of humility. It's not a mix of certain and uncertain people that the Church needs, but for every last man and woman to be humble as Christ was humble -- even as he drove the money changers out of the temple.
There is a great quote from the Fathers (forgive my pea brain which can't remember which one at the moment):
"In defense of the Church, a lion. In defense of the self, a lamb."
Thanks for the great blog -- I'm still just scratching the surface!
Steve on Tuesday, January 06, 2009 said:
Church is a place that gathers/attracts/keeps people who need certainty and repels those who don't. When I consider how much has changed during my time on earth, it seems Sunday morning is where it has changed the least. And it is the one place where a person has some actual input into the matter. Many people want to latch on to something that is constant, unchanging, certain and comfortable and to alter their opinion would alter who they are and their very identity. As one writer on another list once said, some people thing they are their opinions.
qb on Tuesday, January 06, 2009 said:
Wow, what a great insight or two. Fascinating and provocative. qb
Keith Brenton on Tuesday, January 06, 2009 said:
For a lot of fellowships, I think the "feeling of certaintity" is identified as the indwelling of the Holy Spirit ... prompting all sorts of prophecies, some of which contradict each other; others which eventually prove false.
For ours, it seems to manifest itself as irrefutable logic (however flawed it may actually be) which, when combined with a proof-text or two, yields Absolute Truth.
In either case, the truth is true because God told me so.
Scooper on Wednesday, January 07, 2009 said:
I think that sometimes the feeling of religious certainty is a cover-opposite for the terror of death and hell. I've read accounts of people feeling that they were slipping into a bottomless abyss into which they would be forever lost, during the initial stage of their "born again" or conversion experience.
The Feral Pastor on Wednesday, January 07, 2009 said:
Keith - On the topic of Absolute Truth (capitalized here as a helpful flag of potential idolatry) I've been amazed to consider that Jesus shatters the category of Truth when he says "I am... the truth." In doing that, I think he yanks us out of being ultimately rooted in the Hellenistic soil where fact and certainty are the matters of ultimate concern so that we can put roots down back in the Hebraic land where it's relationship above all. I've written a little about that here if you're interested: http://feralpastor.blogspot.com/2007/09/talking-about-truth-with-evangelicals.html.
crystal on Wednesday, January 07, 2009 said:
Interesting. I belong to a church (Catholic) where people who "think different" often get excommunicated :) I guess I worry about my doubts, not so much because of what my church teaches but because of stuff in the bible - the commandments to believe, Jesus telling people their faith has saved/healed them. I realized I hardly believe anything, just have hopes.
jch on Thursday, January 08, 2009 said:
Problem with creating a church that intentionally partners those in-the-know with those outside-the-know is that it is incredibly hard to maintain. We're intentionally giving that a go here in Brooklyn but it's hard. Like you said, certainty is like ice cream; which means that a mix of certainty with uncertainty is like ice cream with, um, spinach on top. Spinach is certainly good for you, in fact your body enjoys spinach much more than the ice cream, but the reality is that everyone wants the ice cream. Everyone. And so not only is what you've got hard to maintain but it seems, thus far, almost impossible to add numeric growth. I could go on...
PaulSceptic on Sunday, January 11, 2009 said:
You are cordially invited to http://egopaulus.blogspot.com/ to prove your apostle to be a true apostle.
Holmesrs on Thursday, March 01, 2012 said:
Rather than divide people into those who change their minds and those who don't, perhaps it would be more charitable and germane to Burton's ideas to divide them into those who readily experience the feeling of knowing and adher to its pleasantness and those who rarely experience the feeling of knowing at all. In other words easy believers and the naturally unsettled. Inside the church most are natural believers and the strength of their convictions are one of its strongest attractions. But it is also good to have some natural doubters in our midst. They challenge prematurely settled doctrine and encouage believers to delve deeper into their beliefs. It must be very difficult to remain one of the unassured few in the Church where assurance is often equated with salvation and doubt with perdition. But as you imply maybe they serve a necessary role in God's plan for salvation after all.


When I was a boy my Dad had an original Polaroid instant camera – black with the rainbow stripes. I was never allowed to touch it which is probably why I was fascinated with instant cameras growing up. I'd forgotten all about instant cameras until my son Michael asked for one for Christmas and started looking into them again.
There are 3 types of instant cameras on the market, but only 2 are actual film cameras and the 3rd is a digital camera with built in printer. I understand the modernization of many things, but to me instant photography has always been about film and the nuances of the medium. Anyway, here are the main contenders.
It seems that Fuji Instax rejuvenated the whole instant camera fad years ago and have a number of models available. They have 2 film sizes – Instax Mini (credit card size or 2.4″ x 1.8″ according to Fuji) and Instax Wide which is close to double the size (4.1″ x 3.3″). While it'd be nice to have large photos, the problem is the cameras for the wide film are freaking huge! Given I'm looking for a camera for a 12 year old boy, the size of the camera body is important, so I limited my search to the smaller Instax Mini cameras.
A few Instax Minis are now obsolete and the current range consists of the Mini 8, Mini 70 and Mini 90. I won't go into the details of each, but if you're interested, this is a good review of them if you're looking for a kids polaroid camera.
Each photo costs around 80c and the film is bought in packs of 10. Some quick math and it can really add up, but it's real instant photography with real film, even if the prints are small.
So, this is the one that doesn't use film… which seems to be ironic given it's from Polaroid. The Snap is only 1 of the models with the other being the Z2300. Both of them use Polaroid's ZINK, or Zero Ink technology to produce the prints 2″x3″ in size. The prints are borderless, or can beset to leave a white border to mimic the original Polaroid format.
This is a clever way of printing without ink using special paper. From what I can tell it's a combination of special paper with a thermal process to make the color print. I found some details on the technology here. The paper is cheaper than the Instax film to buy and 2 qualities to choose from.
So the Polaroid Snap is actually a 10 megapixel digital camera complete with an SD card slot and a printer all in 1. For me, instant photography was always about the character in the final product but if a digital image is imperfect it doesn't have character, it just looks crap. So I'm not too sure about this one, or maybe I'm just being nostalgic. But you know what they say – nostalgia ain't what it used to be!
When I first heard about the Impossible Project I was seriously impressed. Going back into ancient history, Polaroid filed for bankruptcy in 2001, then rose again, then filed for bankruptcy yet again in 2008. After the 2nd time, an Austrian Polaroid fanboy wanted to relaunch the Polaroid instant film for everyone who still used their original Polaroid cameras – enter The Impossible Project.
While the film is available, the cameras are all used or refurbished which is great if you're an adult (or hipster – sorry, should have said "vintage"), but not so good for a kid. Combined with the cost of $23 for 8 photos and the reputation for Impossible Project film being difficult to use (for an amateur maybe) it's right off the list. This one really is for pros or nostalgia freaks.
In the end, I ruled out the Snap as I think instant photography is really about film. Given the Impossible Project film costs what it does and needs to be used with a 2nd hand, or refurbished camera (ie. expensive) that's out too. So it left the Fuji Instax range, of which there are a few models.
I've actually decided to buy 2 cameras – a Fuji Instax 70 for my son (pictured above) and a Fuji Instax 90 for myself. Looking forward to some father/son time behind the lens.


Breakfast is definitely my favorite meal of the day. This is one of my staple breakfast recipes that I make at least once or twice a week. This oatmeal is perfect if you are looking for something simple and energizing to start out your day.
First, heat the milk on medium-high heat until boiling. Once the milk is brought to a boil stir in the oats.
Lower the heat to medium-low and keep stirring occasionally until 3/4 of the milk is absorbed into the oats. Then, cut in 2/3-3/4 of the banana. This allows the banana to cook down and really infuse the oatmeal with the banana flavor.
Once all the milk is absorbed into the oats take the pot off the heat. Stir in the brown sugar and cinnamon. I use about 3 tablespoons of brown sugar and 1 teaspoon of cinnamon, but it's all up to how you want it to taste! Once the spices are mixed evenly pour the oatmeal into your bowl. Cut the rest of the banana onto the top and then sprinkle again lightly with brown sugar and cinnamon for topping.
There you have it! A super simple and delicious breakfast to start out your day.


text:
NOK 218 billion in net revenue from the petroleum industry in 2015
Press release | Date: 07/10/2015 | Ministry of Petroleum and Energy
| No: 81
In the National Budget 2016, the State's net cash flow from the petroleum industry in 2015 is estimated at almost NOK 218 billion (constant 2016 prices). This figure includes direct and indirect taxes, revenues from the State's Direct Financial Interest (SDØE) and dividends from Statoil.
"The petroleum industry generates enormous revenues for Norway, even given current oil price levels. The oil and gas industry is the most important source of funding for the welfare state, and will remain Norway's largest and most important industry in terms of both jobs and revenue for the foreseeable future," says Minister of Petroleum and Energy Tord Lien.
The revenue forecast is just over 2 per cent lower than the forecast in the Revised National Budget 2015, primarily due to lower anticipated oil prices. The oil and gas prices applied in the estimate for 2016 are NOK 440 per barrel of oil and NOK 2.09 per standard cubic metre of gas.
Petroleum industry investment, including in exploration, is expected to total approximately NOK 184 billion in 2015. The corresponding figure for 2016 is NOK 167 billion.
"Many supplier companies around Norway are facing difficult conditions, having to adapt their businesses to reduced global oil-company demand. The industry is taking on the cost challenges that have arisen. Nevertheless, from a historical perspective, investment levels on the Norwegian continental shelf remain high. The development of the gigantic Sverdrup field will contribute significantly to the preservation of jobs in many businesses," says Lien.
The Norwegian continental shelf continues to offer extensive opportunities. The total petroleum resource estimate remains unchanged from the Revised National Budget 2015. The total recoverable resources are estimated at 14.1 billion standard cubic metres of oil equivalents, and only 45 per cent of the total recoverable resources had been produced by the beginning of 2015.
Total production of oil, LNG (liquefied natural gas), condensate and gas on the Norwegian continental shelf is expected to total around 217.6 million standard cubic metres of oil equivalents in 2015, with gas accounting for about half of total production. Production levels are expected to remain stable in the years ahead.
Ministry of Petroleum and Energy
The National Budget
Press enquiries MPE
E-mail: info@oed.dep.no
The following persons are responsible for the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy's website:
Editor-in-chief: Ole Berthelsen
Web editor: Trude Christine Nagell
E-mail: postmottak@oed.dep.no


The ministry does not specify how many of these units are from the earlier scheme.
Chennai: Five years since the government launched the Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana, only 20 per cent of the sanctioned projects have been completed and 19 per cent occupied. Interestingly, this also includes some of the pending projects of the earlier Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission. Of the central assistance sanctioned for the PMAY projects, only 33 per cent has been released yet.
The PMAY scheme envisaged addressing a housing shortage of two crore between 2015 and 2022. Of this, the target was to provide one crore houses by end-March 2019. With a few more days to go for the fiscal year to end, the government has sanctioned only 79 lakh houses, as per the data updated by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, as on February 25.
Of this, only 16,04,342 houses, or 20 per cent of the sanctioned houses, have been completed and 15, 25, 418, or 19 per cent, have been occupied.
The 41 lakh houses which have been grounded for construction and those which have been completed and occupied, also include the projects that were pending from the earlier scheme of JNNURM (now NURM), as per the data from the ministry.
However, the ministry does not specify how many of these units are from the earlier scheme.
"The fact that out of the one crore homes targeted to be built under PMAY across urban areas, over 79 per cent have been sanctioned across states so far. Of these, merely 39 per cent have been occupied or completed– 19 per cent occupied and 20 per cent completed," said Anuj Puri, chairman, Anarock Property Consultants.


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text:
Cop Fears For His Life, Kills Family's Tiny 12lb Dog, Exploded Her Head in Front of Kids
A Louisiana family is devastated after a cop killed their teacup terrier in front of them and then complained about wasting an expensive bullet.
Jack Burns
Ville Platte, LA — Kelli Sullivan and family are grieving the loss of their pet terrier mix. But their beloved dog didn't die of natural causes as one might expect. Instead, the family says an Evangeline Parish Sheriff's deputy shot and killed the tiniest member of their family, all because the dog was barking.
I know in my heart he didn't have to shoot her. He didn't have to shoot that dog in front of my kids. He just didn't.
In fact, the officer's business had already been conducted at the home, after police were called to assist with a harassing neighbor. It was toward the end of the contact with police that the dog got out of the house and ran towards the officer. The dog is just above ankle height on most people. Sullivan says the dog was just doing what it always does when strangers come to the home.
The dog got out. I walked to the end of the driveway to try to catch her.
Sullivan said her daughter was also trying to help her mother corral the dog and get it back inside the house.
My daughter was running around trying to catch her. I thought we were going to go back in the house.
She says just when she thought the dog had been caught, that's when the puppycide happened.
I walked back to the house opened the door, turned around, (and) boom, he shot her.
The young mother then described the horror the entire family, including young children, were exposed to. The dog literally exploded with the force of the handgun's projectile.
It was a horrific event. He shot the dog up close and blew her skull apart in front of my children. Like her eyeballs were out of her head.
She said the officer's cold-hearted insensitivity was on full display with the snarky comment he made after he'd just killed who they considered a member of their family. She said the unnamed officer was upset that he had to waste such an expensive hollow-point bullet on the dog. Unapologetically she says the deputy remarked:
'I had to shoot her she came at me'. Then, he said, 'It's really a shame I had to waste that bullet because it's a really expensive bullet'.
While civilians are attempting to document the number of people killed by police officers per year (which tops around 1,200 annually), there's no official number of family pets killed per year and it's assumed that the number may be astronomical. After all, just as the Evangeline Parish officer claimed, the police only have to claim they were in fear and they can be legally justified in killing a family pet, regardless if the animal is being aggressive or not.
Rarely if ever do families sue, and even rarer still did they win in court when they try to receive compensation for emotional or actual damages when police kill family pets. Complicating matters for dog owners, as TFTP has reported, courts in the United States have sided with law enforcement on the issue of law enforcement's right to kill animals in the line of duty.
In the land of the free, police can come onto your private property, gun your tiny dog down in broad daylight, and this is called 'standard procedure.' Well, it's a damn good thing that postal workers, delivery truck drivers, pizza delivery drivers — and all the other jobs that require people to go to someone's home and NOT KILL THEIR DOG — don't claim the same rights as cops, or family pets would probably be extinct.
Sadly, this trend shows no signs of slowing.
According to some estimates, as John Whitehead points out, a dog is shot by a police officer "every 98 minutes."
The Department of Justice estimates that at least 25 dogs are killed by police every day.
The Puppycide Database Project estimates the number of dogs being killed by police to be upwards of 500 dogs a day (which translates to 182,000 dogs a year).
Because not all police departments keep track of canine shootings, these numbers vary widely. However, whatever the final body count, what we're dealing with is an epidemic of vast proportions.
Incredibly, in 1 out of 5 cases involving police shooting a family pet, a child was either in the police line of fire or in the immediate area of a shooting.
The so-called "dangerous" breeds of dogs aren't the only ones that are being killed in encounters with police either as this case and the one's below illustrate.
Journalist Radley Balko has documented countless "dog shootings in which a police officer said he felt 'threatened' and had no choice but to use lethal force, including the killing of a Dalmatian (more than once), a yellow Lab , a springer spaniel, a chocolate Lab, a boxer, an Australian cattle dog, a Wheaten terrier, an Akita… a Jack Russell terrier… a 12-pound miniature dachshund… [and] a ">five-pound Chihuahua."
To those that think cops killing dogs is not a problem, we encourage you to watch the video below and then take a look through our puppycide archives here.


This is my second design - a dental app. This app would in theory allow you to do several things: first, it would allow you to keep track of how long you brush your teeth for by having a timer that counts down. You can customize the timer, though the default value would be 2.5min. After the timer is done, it'll remind you to floss your teeth, though you can skip that. It would also allow you to keep track of your appointments and potentially synchronize with calendar apps, like Google Calendar.
There's also a progress tracking function that shows you your overall progress - whether you have met your brushing goals (i.e. not quitting before the timer is done), as well as whether you've flossed or not. Last, it has some basic options, like customizing the timer, enabling a dark theme, etc.
Originally, I just put down a concept where I put everything I could possibly come up with. However, I realized that I'm designing for a smart watch, so I have to keep it simple. That includes taking unnecessary functions out, as well as keeping the UI as simple as possible. After several revisions, this draft is what I came up with.
I tried to combine elements from Android's material design as well as iOS's design. That's how I came up with my prototype at the top. I tried to keep the colours flat and simple while making the icons big and clear. I also wanted to make them as descriptive as possible. If the icons are self-explanatory, that means I don't need to worry about putting labels anywhere. That means more space to work with.
This was my first time ever designing a smart watch app, so I was definitely a little frustrated at first. I don't have a smart watch, so it was difficult transitioning from making websites to designing an app for a small surface. By the end of the project, though, I've learned quite a lot. The most important lesson, though, is to keep it simple. After all, "a UI is like a joke. If you have to explain it, it's not that good."


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