Emma Stone at the "La La Land" hand-and-footprint ceremony in Los Angeles.
Emma Stone is quickly becoming Jimmy Choo's biggest fan. The star of "La La Land" was spotted twice this week in styles by the luxury label.
On Wednesday, Stone attended the hand-and-footprint ceremony for the film in Los Angeles, where she donned the brand's Lucy pumps.
Stone attended a premiere event on Tuesday in Los Angeles. She wowed in Jimmy Choo Annie sandals with feather details.
Over the past couple of weeks, she wore Jimmy Choo during five different outings, rotating between the brand's Minny and Lucy styles.
Emma Stone in Jimmy Choo Minny sandals at the 2nd annual StyleMaker Awards in Los Angeles.
Emma Stone at a luncheon in New York City wearing Jimmy Choo shoes.


text:
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import unicode_literals

import unittest
import struct
import sys

sys.path.append("..\\")

import cypyserialize

class Point(cypyserialize.SerializableObject):
    "Basic point class"
    x = cypyserialize.double()
    y = cypyserialize.double()

class Path(cypyserialize.SerializableObject):
    # the points
    points = cypyserialize.SerializableArray(
        Point(),
        count=cypyserialize.uint()
    )

class DoubleList(cypyserialize.SerializableObject):
    count = cypyserialize.uint(default=6)
    doubles = cypyserialize.SerializableArray(cypyserialize.double(), 6)

class structArrayTests(unittest.TestCase):

    def testAppendSimpleObject(self):
        d = DoubleList()

        d.doubles.append(3)
        d.doubles.append(4)

        self.assertEqual(d.doubles[1], 4)

    def testAppend(self):
        p = Path()
        p.points.append(0.0, 10.0)
        self.assertEqual(list(p.points[0].items()), [('x', 0.0), ('y', 10.0)])

    def testPack(self):
        p = Path()
        p.points.append(0.0, 10.0)
        self.assertEqual(p.pack(), struct.pack('<Idd', 1, 0.0, 10.0))

    def testUnpack(self):
        s = struct.pack('<Idddd', 2, 0.0, 10.0, 10.0, 20.0)
        p = Path(s)
        self.assertEqual(list(p.points[0].items()), [('x', 0.0), ('y', 10.0)])
        self.assertEqual(list(p.points[1].items()), [('x', 10.0), ('y', 20.0)])

    def testObjectTypeStructFieldWOLenIssue6(self):
        class generic_string(cypyserialize.SerializableObject):
            text = cypyserialize.SerializableArray(
                cypyserialize.char()
            )

        s = bytes('Hello World', "ASCII")
        o = generic_string(bytes('Hello World', "ASCII"))
        self.assertEqual(o.text[:], [x for x in s])

    def testBadObjectType(self):
        with self.assertRaises(Exception):
            cypyserialize.SerializableArray(Point)

    def testAssignObjectByIndex(self):
        p = Path()
        for i in range(4):
            p.points.append(i*10.0, i*10.0)
        p.points[0].x = 3.14159
        self.assertEqual(p.points[0].x, 3.14159)

    def testAssignFieldByIndex(self):
        d = DoubleList()

        d.doubles.append(4)
        d.doubles.append(4)
        d.doubles[0] = 3.14
        self.assertEqual(d.doubles[0], 3.14)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text: View and edit the tree structures of markdown document


New article published for TechRepublic: "Micro-jobbing takes your data science strategy to the next level" In it, you'll learn how savvy leaders are using microjobbing to attract high-quality data scientists.
New article published for Dell's Toad World: "Analytic Magniloquence" In it, you'll learn how top business analysts take credit for all their hard work.
New article published for TechRepublic: "Discipline your data science team to focus on one objective at a time" In it, you'll learn the power of having your data science team focus on one objective at a time.
New article published for Dell's Toad World: "The Value of a Business Analyst" In it, you'll learn how to explain and defend your value as a Business Systems Analyst (BSA).
New article published for TechRepublic: "Leadership trumps management when allocating data science resources" In it, you'll learn the reasons why you should favor leadership over management when applying data science resources.
New article published for TechRepublic: "Personality clashes stalling your data science team? Try the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator" In it, you'll learn the most common personality type for data scientists and best practices for using this information for better communication and higher performance.


DALLAS - Texas rapper Yella Beezy has been hospitalized after being shot while driving on a highway north of Dallas.
Police tell the Dallas Morning News the rapper, whose real name is Deandre Conway, was driving on the Sam Rayburn Tollway in Lewisville early Sunday when someone in a vehicle pulled up next to him and opened fire.
The shooter fired more than a dozen times, striking Conway, 26, three times.
He was transported to the hospital, but was alive and breathing, according to the Dallas Morning News.
The rapper opened for Beyonce and Jay-Z when their tour stopped near Dallas in September.
Yella Beezy was recently profiled by Rolling Stone after his single "That's On Me" rose to the No. 1 record spot this summer for mainstream rap/R&B radio.


Here starts a new blog.
…and what will be written in this new blog?
stuff I am writing, have written, intend to write.
I'll complain a lot – because writing is hard.
I'll announce breakthroughs that lead me to the next frustration.
Hopefully, I'll mention an impending publication or two.
I think I'll also reserve the right to sound of on other random topics. It is after all, my new blog.


Being the No. 1 overall pick in the NFL isn't easy. You're expected to be a contributing star from day one. Just ask Los Angeles Rams quarterback Jared Goff.
Goff, however, has had it easy in comparison to 2014 first overall pick Jadeveon Clowney. There was a lot of talk before the draft as to if he deserved the No. 1 slot after coasting through his last season in college following the legendary hit he had in the Outback Bowl the year before. People said the Houston Texans should take Khalil Mack first overall if they want the best available pass rusher.
Then, Clowney missed 15 games over his first two professional seasons as Mack became a household name. Clowney was declared a bust by the end of his rookie season after recording no sacks and only seven tackles.
2015 was a little better for Clowney, as he put up 4.5 sacks and 40 tackles. That wasn't enough for the haters (myself included). The only reason Clowney managed to do anything was because he played alongside NFL Defensive Player of the Year J.J. Watt. Offensive lines were too busy with Watt to truly focus on Clowney.
Watt goes down. Out for the season. Just like that, Clowney had the ultimate chance to establish himself as a star in his own right. A chance to show he deserved his Draft Day honor. And make no mistake about it, the Texans defense was Clowney's in 2016.
His Pro Bowl 2016 season culminated in an interception he tipped to himself in the Texans AFC Wild Card matchup with the Oakland Raiders. The play reminded everyone that wrote him off that he's here to stay.
Now hopefully he can do the same thing to Tom Brady next weekend.
Next articleWas Matt McGloin best choice for Oakland Raiders?


Many parents, including yours, are not sure how they can help their children. Good writing is art and skill at the same time. Abilities that you have to learn and develop and art is how you apply them. A short book that helps writers not to be afraid of the keyboard or the pen and help them write more. What is the difference between academic writing?
It is an expensely priced ability in the corporate environment. Studies by the National Commission on Formation show that every year the employer spends about 3.1 billion dollars on typing schooling. A fortnight ago, National Progress Evaluation showed that only 24 per cent of high schools senior citizens were able to score at the competent written evaluation levels.
These millennia will enter the world of work in 2016 - and this means that tutoring and written education may be necessary. However, before you enroll in an exorbitant course, it might be a good way to break a script that can give some of the important lectures on better, more efficient corporate work.
Here are the seven best seven that can make you a better author. Amazons Testimonial: "I' ve been reading a lot of literature about authoring and publication. It is by far the most convenient, easily understandable and unexpectedly enjoyable one. It would be this if I were asked to pick a work that would help someone become a better author."
anging from the e-mail label to policy accuracy, this writers guide concentrates on how to type to achieve different corporate goals. Amazons Testimonial: "It was a great product that I would suggest to all my customers, collegues and boyfriends - but not to my rivals. Get to know the most important strategies for clear and comprehensible typing from an expert coaches.
Amazons Testimonial: "There seem to be many who think they can make an influential work on the arts of typing. Amazons Testimonial: As he does with his blogs, with this guide he can give all his awesome, hands-on tips for great text composition while making it so funny and catchy.
This is a great tool you should always have at your fingertips when you write, this volume is full of fast references on vocabulary, styles and spelling. Amazons Testimonial: "and most of my questions were easily understood."
Practical tips - and this e-book on typing can help you refine your trade to devote less of your precious free space to an empty view. Amazons Testimonial: "This is a pleasant, analytic way to improve your typing skills. Her own experiences in "hacking" her own write rate and what worked for her.
It' stuffed with useful samples and useful information." Whether you have a blogs or not, this e-book concentrates on how to type in a way that forces the reader and creates credibility in every area. Amazons Testimonial: "Don't think you'll just be reading this, getting some useful advice and then moving on with your own world.
That can change your handwriting from now on." Take a copy of this file and begin to read - you'll be amazed at how quickly it will improve your work.


On World Environment Day we will #BeatPlasticPollution. If you can't reuse it, refuse it.
Pollution kills more than 9 million people every year – that's roughly one in six deaths worldwide. Sign the #BeatPollution pledge and tell world leaders they need to act now to end pollution in all its forms.
Air pollution in our cities and in our homes is killing 6.5 million people each year and is driving climate change. Show your support to #BreathLife global campaign to reduce air pollution, improve health and preserve our climate. Commit to take action and receive updates regularly.
Young Champions of the Earth is a forward-looking prize designed to breathe life into the ambitions of brilliant young environmentalists. Each year, six young people – one from each global region – will be named Young Champions of the Earth. These winners receive seed funding, intensive training, and tailored mentorship to help them bring their big environmental ideas to life.
Poor air quality is a major challenge threatening lives of millions. Reducing air pollution saves lives and benefits climate change, biodiversity and food security. Clean Air Week is focused on solutions for better air quality in Asia Pacific.
UN Environment launched #CleanSeas in February 2017, with the aim of engaging governments, the general public, civil society and the private sector in the fight against marine plastic litter. Over the next five years, the campaign will address the root-cause of marine litter by targeting the production and consumption of non-recoverable and single-use plastic.
Join the #WildforLife Big Cat Team Challenge and help us protect the world's remaining jaguars, lions, snow leopards and tigers!
By taking part, you can help to ensure that these precious cats have our attention—and our protection. The Challenge is open until 22 April.
The Think.Eat.Save. Reduce Your Foodprint campaign is in support of the SAVE FOOD Initiative to reduce food loss and waste along the entire chain of food production and consumption - run by the FAO and trade fair organizer Messe Düsseldorf - and the UN Secretary General's Zero Hunger Challenge. The campaign specifically targets food wasted by consumers, retailers and the hospitality industry.


text:
Sanderson Plumbing
Starting: Jul 19th, 2019 12:00am CDT
Ending: Apr 25th, 2014 12:00pm CDT
Location: 2218 Tuffy Lane Columbus, MS 39703-1367
For Access to Virtual Data Room:
Debbie Beall
This Sale Is Managed By Heritage Equity Partners
Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc.
A Leading Manufacturer of Toilet Seating Products
Columbus, Mississippi and Butler, Alabama
United States Bankruptcy Court Northern District of Mississippi Case Number: 13-14506-JDW
Our firm has been retained to seek a sale of the business or assets of Sanderson Plumbing Products, Inc. From its humble founding in Chicago 130 years ago, to its prominent position in the national market today, Sanderson continues to manufacture quality toilet seating products for home, commercial, airline and even space shuttle bathrooms. The company's history began with the founding of Findeisen-Kropf in 1883. It changed hands in the early 1900's when Henry Beneke, Sr. purchased the business. In 1954, Beneke, as the company was then named, developed a process for molding wood seats out of sawdust by combining the once discarded wood waste with resin under intense heat and pressure. The new product was trademarked as "Tuffy" and has an enviable reputation in the market. At the same time, the company entered plastic manufacturing, which was new to the industry. Beneke also pioneered the manufacture and marketplace introduction of the soft vinyl toilet seat in 1976. Today, manufacturers, including Sanderson, still produce the "woodflour", plastic and vinyl seats, albeit with far more modern equipment than utilized 60 years ago.
Sanderson still sells the Tuffy brand into the plumbing wholesale market, under the Beneke logo and into the retail market (through mass merchant chains) under the Magnolia line. Housed primarily in their 360,000 sq. ft. building on 30 acres in Columbus, MS, Sanderson employs more than 250 employees. The main building was built in the 1940's, with substantial additions and improvements made throughout its lifetime. Both woodflour and plastic injection molding operations produce high quality products independently of each other under one roof. The main woodflour line can produce 12,000 toilet seats in an 8 hour day, and the injection molding equipment can produce 6,000 seats in a 24 hour day, and plastic seats don't require any secondary operations. The woodflour product goes through several secondary finishing and assembly steps, including electrostatic finishing and drying. The company leases a nearby 200,000 sq. ft. warehouse for its finished goods and for imported product (approximately 50% of 2013 revenue was distribution of imported product). A second company-owned, woodflour production facility is located in Butler, Alabama in a 25,000 sq. ft., ten year old building.
In 2009, Sanderson generated net sales of almost $50 million with EBITDA of over $5.3 million. The depressed national economy became a major factor for Sanderson beginning in 2008, when the trickle-down effect of the national recession resulted in shrinking annual revenues. By 2012, Sanderson's sales had receded to $29 million.
In addition to all the machinery and equipment necessary to manufacture Sanderson's products, the company has a variety of U.S.-based and internationally-based design and utility patents that describe inventions that they have created. Most are design patents, which cover inventions of ornamental design for functional items in the plumbing industry. Sanderson also has several utility patents on plumbing implements, connectors and brackets.
This is an excellent opportunity to acquire an established manufacturing company with a deep history and/or its substantial manufacturing capacity. The strong, cost efficient workforce is eager to continue their employment. There is a significant opportunity to, not only expand the company's current market share, but also utilize their excess injection molding and woodflour molding equipment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
kidzsearch.com > wiki Explore: web images videos games
KidzSearch Safe Wikipedia for Kids.
President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
June 1, 1801(1801-06-01)
August 29, 1877(1877-08-29) (aged 76)
Joseph Smith, Jr
First Governor of Utah
Brigham Young (June 1, 1801 – August 29, 1877) was the second president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormon church) and the first Governor of the American state of Utah. Young was born in Vermont. He became president of the Mormon church in 1847 after the death of Joseph Smith, Jr in 1844.
Brigham Young University is named after Young.
John Taylor replaced Young as leader of the church three years after Young died.
1 Road to Latter Day Saint leadership
1.1 Migration west
2 Church Presidency
2.1 Temple building
Road to Latter Day Saint leadership
Migration west
Young started a journey that would take the Mormon pioneers to Winter Quarters, Nebraska, in 1846, then to the Salt Lake Valley. Young arrived in the Salt Lake Valley on July 24, 1847, a date now known as Pioneer Day in Utah, which is also one of its holidays. The Mormon pioneers' journey was one of the largest and one of the best organized migration to the West.[1] On August 22, 29 days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young started the Mormon Tabernacle Choir.[2]
In the church, Young was in some of the important positions, and after three years, he became the president of the church on December 27, 1847.
Church Presidency
Young served 29 years in the Mormon church.
Temple building
Young helped in building temples in his time in the LDS Church and made temple building a main purpose. When Joseph Smith was the president, Young was helping to build the Kirtland and Nauvoo temples. Only four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Young found the location for the Salt Lake Temple; and then started the building process on April 6, 1853.[3] During his time as the church president, Young look over the construction of the Salt Lake Tabernacle and then he announced plans to build the St. George (1871), Manti (1875), and Logan (1877) temples. He also helped fix the building the Endowment House, a "short-term temple" which began to be used in 1855 for church members to go to while they were building the Salt Lake Temple.
↑ "Brigham Young". http://historytogo.utah.gov/people/brighamyoung.html.
↑ "Frequently Asked Questions – When was the Mormon Tabernacle Choir formed?", Mormontabernaclechoir.org (Mormon Tabernacle Choir), archived from the original on March 29, 2013, https://web.archive.org/web/20130329063236/http://www.mormontabernaclechoir.org/faq
↑ Hanks, Marion Duff (1992), "Salt Lake Temple", in Ludlow, Daniel H, Encyclopedia of Mormonism, New York: Macmillan Publishing, pp. 1252–1254, ISBN 978-0-02-879602-4 , OCLC 24502140 , http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/EoM/id/4155
This short article about a person from the United States can be made longer. You can help Wikipedia by adding to it.
Retrieved from "https://wiki.kidzsearch.com/w/index.php?title=Brigham_Young&oldid=5011589"
Local image different than Wikidata
American Latter Day Saints
Christian religious leaders
Governors of Utah
19th century in Utah
American abolitionists
American educators
American theologians
Christian mystics
Deaths from peritonitis
People from Salt Lake City, Utah
Politicians from Utah
American people stubs
Content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use Privacy Policy. Content of this web page is sourced from wikipedia ( http://simple.wikipedia.org). Some content of the original page may have been edited to make it more suitable for younger readers, unless otherwise noted.
About KidzSearch Wiki


text:
Chapter 360: Ning Garden's open enquiry day
25th June 2005, a weekend.
Ning Garden's open enquiry day.
Outside the sales building hung a large banner which demonstrated the layout of the entire real estate project. It was visually intricate and stunning.
On the other side was the advertisement which read:
"Find a person, find a place. Release your tender love."
Literature-ness was a kind of illness as Zhicheng's shareholders felt goosebumps to the point of wanting to vomit blood, being unable to stand it no matter what. Yet, Godly Swindler Xu was just such a person...also, he was especially adamant on this…
The large glass doors that had been peered at by numerous people countless times were finally opened as that massive model there was unveiled as well.
Despite the fact that it was bustling with people inside the sales building, Lin Yixian paid careful attention to things outside through the glass doors.
Finally, in a flat-viewing group composed of adults and children that numbered up to twenty people in total, Lin Yixian found those two faces that she had memorised in Xu Tingsheng's office that day. Upon confirming this, she sent a text to Xu Tingsheng who was watching the surveillance footage in his office upstairs: They're here.
Then, she went over and greeted the group as soon as they entered the building, serving as their guide.
"Hello, welcome to Zhicheng's Ning Garden. If you don't mind, I can take you inside for a look around. If you have any questions during this time, just feel free to ask me about it whenever."
Mr Xiang went around outside for a few days, sometimes returning gloomily, sometimes with a smile on his face.
Things like borrowing money were not all that easily done at the end of the day.
Little Xiang Ning did not partake in her parents' discussion. Still, her heart ached as she found fault with the ones selling the flats. When conversing with Uncle on the phone and via text, she was filled with righteous indignation as she scolded those 'heartless corporations' several times.
On the open enquiry day, Xiang Ning went out with her parents early in the morning and waited a long time for the rest of her relatives to arrive.
Upon seeing that three storey showroom building, hearing the admiring sighs beside her, Little Xiang Ning's eyes lit up as well. The flats here were very beautiful indeed…
Next, they walked past the showroom building and arrived before the sales building.
Apart from the visual shock that she received from that big banner that displayed the layout of the area, Xiang Ning also involuntarily muttered aloud, "Ning Garden? Oh, it really is the same Ning as mine…"
Xiang Ning did not immediately relate this to Xu Tingsheng. Despite being slightly low in spirits, she felt this to be rather interesting too.
Standing there with Li Meng, that auntie turned and said to their Xiang family of three, "Look, this Ning Garden has the same character as your girl...if you don't manage to buy one, that would be a real pity indeed."
She was definitely trying to make things difficult for them somewhat.
Having tolerated her time and time again, Mr Xiang was really unable to stand her any longer. Mrs Xiang could only grab his hand tightly, saying softly, "Forget it. Don't quibble with the likes of her…"
The two walked slightly off to the side.
Mrs Xiang smiled consolingly, "She knows a bit about real estate. Let's just take it as if she's introducing it to us. Still, isn't it a little too coincidental? This place is really called Ning Garden. If you hadn't checked before and found out that the boss is surnamed Fang, even I might think that this might actually have something to do with Tingsheng."
"Yanzhou's Fang family is very famous in the bureaucracy. This is called cronyism," Mr Xiang said.
Mrs Xiang said, "That's good then. If the flats are really related to Xu Tingsheng, I'm afraid that my relatives, especially my cousin and her daughter, will probably be gossiping a whole bunch again after they've gone home."
"The hell," Mr Xiang cursed, "If these flats were really built for Little Ning by Tingsheng, if you would only admit it, how would she even still be talking behind your back? They'll be trying to get in your good books, treating you like a grand madame back at home, do you believe that?"
"Huh, I'd just ignore her," Mrs Xiang joked.
"Of course! If that happened and you were willing to be his mother-in-law, you would be on a completely different level from her. Even if you acknowledged her, you'd still be gazing down from high above at those grovelling souls…"
Having been angered earlier, Mr Xiang was being rather merciless in his words here. Also, they were just ordinary folks in the first place. Facing malicious relatives who were making life difficult for them at every turn, it was really natural to think this way.
Seeing how Mr Xiang was continually hinting at her willingness to acknowledge Xu Tingsheng or lack thereof...after smiling, Mrs Xiang felt rather unhappy as she was just about to chastise him.
"What mother-in-law?" Little Xiang Ning who was already a little taller than her mother leaned over, asking curiously.
Husband and wife exchanged looks before forcing a smile, the latter saying, "It's nothing. Your Dad was talking about your Grandma. Right, Little Ning, how do you find the houses here? They're beautiful, right? The old school district for the first-tier senior high is just across the bridge, and the new one's even nearer. It's right there; just look and you can already see it."
Mrs Xiang pointed towards a construction site over in the distance where work was currently in full swing before asking, "Do you like it?"
Little Ning shook her head, "It is beautiful, but it's too expensive. I don't like it. How about we go home?"
"Expensive?" Mrs Xiang asked.
"I heard some of those people who're leaving discussing it when you were talking. They were all saying that it's really expensive, nearly 8000 yuan per square metre on average...8000 yuan per square metre, that's very expensive, right?"
Little Xiang Ning did not understand what this amount entailed. Still, having heard others deem it as expensive, she felt that that should be the case.
As for Mr and Mrs Xiang who had somewhat done a preliminary analysis, however, their hearts both fell as they heard the reported figure of 8000...it really was too expensive.
In this era when the average value of newly built houses in Yanzhou was still around 5000 yuan per square feet, however high they had estimated it, they had still underestimated the rumours about the real estate prices here which might be very high indeed...they surpassed even that.
This was just like how they were unable to accurately foresee that in a mere six years, the property prices here would shoot straight up to a whopping twenty thousand.
The only one who knew how it would be like in the future, Xu Tingsheng, had actually also clenched his teeth and decided that they would not build so many homes for the project's first phase of flats as it would be relatively standalone. This was completely because of Little Xiang Ning, for whom he had sacrificed immense potential for profit...in terms of establishing the price, much effort had also been required on the Fang family's behalf.
As for the second and third phases of flats that were to come in the future, he would do it slowly then.
Whatever the case, with this, the Xiang family of three all came to begrudge the 'heartless developers' of Ning Garden...Xu Tingsheng truly baselessly suffered many grudges here.
"Youmei...come on, let's go in and take a look," Called Mrs Xiang's eldest sister who was walking in front.
Mr and Mrs Xiang gazed over, "Well, since we're already here, we might as well take a look..." Mrs Xiang said.
The Xiang family of three caught up with the group and squeezed their way into the crowded sales building.
An employee of Zhicheng's appeared very enthusiastically before the group of people. To be exact, she was standing in front of Mr and Mrs Xiang.
Still, the others did not see it that way. Li Meng's mother had been boasting of her connections earlier...as Xiang Ning's eldest uncle Shi Youshu and the rest saw it, there were really too many people here as the employees were all busy with the rest of the bustling hall to specifically come greet them. Yet, someone had come for their group...was this really not evident enough?
"Your connections really are wide, cuz..." Eldest uncle Shi Youshu said rather ingratiatingly to Li Meng's mother.
While this auntie actually had no idea why this was happening too, having already received the praise, she simply feigned her composure and smiled, acknowledging this merit.


text:
Q: display scoll bar for more categories in catalog search box in magento in home page on top, you can see " All categories and there is a dropdown button"
if you hover mouse on the dropdown button, you can see some 50 categories. i want to restrict
that 50 to 10 and to see next 40 , customer have to use scrollbar.
demo example : http://www.amazon.in
please help me to find solution.
thanks in advance.

A: You can do this via CSS by adding this to your stylesheets.
.catsearch-dropdown ul {
  height: 280px;
  overflow-y: scroll;
  width: auto;
}

The height will show 10 lines of text of your drop down. The overflow-y: scroll will give you the vertical scroll bar. The width auto will prevent a horizontal scroll bar, this part is optional.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
CRE lending database
REC Debt Advisors Directory 2020
REC Debt Fund 25
Profiles 1-5
Profiles 6-15
Profiles 16-25
Europe's Top 40 Lenders
Europe's Top 40 Lenders: 2020
The Banks, Part 1
The Non-Bank Lenders, Part 1
The UK and German banks
Other European & North American banks
Real estate debt's diversity challenge
Part 1: Intent through targets
Part 2: Flagging opportunities through outreach
Part 3: Speak up, and listen
Part 4: Social class is a barrier
Part 5: Retention is as important as the hire
Part 6: Fair promotion creates access to senior roles
Home Print Edition Archive May 2015 Issue CREFC Europe conference: CRE finance tipped for extended warm spell
CREFC Europe conference: CRE finance tipped for extended warm spell
Paul Yandall
5th May, 2015
Borrowers find cheap debt on good terms as lenders regain appetite, reports Paul Yandall
Economist Savvas Savouri of Toscafund predicted London will be the financial trading hub for Asian centres
It was London's hottest day so far this year on the eve of the Commercial Real Estate Finance Council Europe's Spring Conference last month, so naturally, the question on everyone's lips was how long will it last? For the weather, not long at all, with the mercury soon dropping rapidly, but London's property finance professionals are hoping for better.
More than 230 converged on K&L Gates' St Paul's offices for the two-day event, to discuss the state of the market and the threats to its relatively benign climate.
Overall sentiment was positive, with more than 84% believing the market was still moving towards a peak and only 4% believing the top had been reached.
Borrowers felt that things had clearly turned in their favour. Funding was becoming cheaper, with competition fierce among lenders. Banks had recovered their real estate appetite, with insurers and debt funds joining the party.
James Clifton-Brown, chief investment officer for CBRE Global Investors, said: "Maximum loan sizes have been increasing in most countries, as have maximum loan-to-value levels; margins have been coming down and I really don't see that abating, at least in the short term.
"Three years ago in Europe, when we wanted to borrow to buy investments, we practically had to beg. Now, even before we announce a deal, we get phoned by banks wanting to lend to us, before asking them."
With margins falling and a choice of lenders, one talking point was the value of long-standing bank relationships in today's market. When put to a vote, around two-thirds of delegates said they'd pay up to 30bps extra margin to a lender they knew and could trust to deliver. Another 18% said a good relationship was worth 30-60bps, and 12% more than 60bps.
Questioning relationships
But even the strongest of relationships can be called into question in today's market. "We would have deemed GE Capital to be a relationship lender until a week ago," said panellist Morgan Garfield of Ellandi.
Although lending is easier, competition for assets is fierce, with reallocations to real estate and new entrants stoking the market. Lending on "shiny" buildings was getting difficult given low yields, a banker acknowledged, but "sensible" margins were still achieveable on transitional property.
Panellists noted that student housing, previously considered an "alternative asset", has come of age, with institutional money, both equity and debt, entering the sector. One fan of alternatives said the key issue was: "Does the real estate have a bed in it?
"Offices get obsolete very quickly. Most of us work in a 20-year-old building; I live in a 200-year-old house. Alternatives have an underlying strength and value because you can go to sleep in them."
Clifton-Brown said the wider UK economic upturn was helping to drive occupancy rates. CBRE Global Investors has 35 institutional clients in the UK, with portfolios worth £8.5bn, and he noted the vacancy rate falling rapidly from mid-2013. "In some cases it's as low as I've ever seen it in my career and we could see similar falls in Europe – in fact that's already begun."
Despite the general optimism, Stephen Eighteen, head of origination at Aalto Invest, sounded a note of caution: "One of the lessons of previous downturns is that whenever you think things are great, that's the time to start getting worried. I think we are probably in that situation today."
Next crash years away
The view of 81% of delegates was that the next property crash would occur between 2016-2020, although there were mixed views on the likely catalyst. A Eurozone crisis was seen as the single most likely cause, cited by 28%; a US Federal Reserve interest rate rise was next, at 21%; followed by falling rents/reduced demand, at 21%.
No matter what the cause, many remained confident of real estate's long-term prospects, as well as London's ability to remain at the heart of it.
In his keynote speech, economist Dr Savvas Savouri from Toscafund predicted the rise of the Chinese renminbi would have a dramatic effect on the City, and by association the commercial property sector.
"China as a state is completely ungeared internationally," said Savouri. "At some point it will stop growing through its current account – making things, importing raw materials, adding value to export – and realise that the way that most economies go through a growth spurt is by issuing debt.
"That will be transformational. It will require its currency to become more freely traded. Not unrelated to this, it will spawn dozens and dozens of derivatives that have to be traded and yes, they'll be traded in Singapore, Hong Kong and Shanghai, but those centres in the East need to have a Western hub to provide 24-hour trading, and that Western hub will be London."
Election result looks uncertain for property
Gerard Lyons
For some delegates the looming UK election cast a shadow over the sector. Keynote speaker Gerard Lyons, chief economic advisor to the Mayor of London, said the most likely result was a minority coalition government.
"Two thirds of people now vote in the UK, which is low by historical trends, and only two out of three vote for one of the two main parties. As a result we have a very fragmented and regional system here.
"The result is an uncertain outcome and a minority government, which may reinforce downward pressure on sterling and on the Bank of England to still act as the shock absorber and keep interest rates low."
Asked "What will happen to London if the UK leaves the EU?" Lyons said it would depend on how the UK acted, in or out.
"The best category for the UK was to be in a reformed EU. But also relatively good, if the UK decides to leave, there would be an initial big 'V', where the UK was hit. But if we pursue the right policies and with relatively good terms with the EU, then over a couple of economic cycles the UK does very well."
Non-bank lenders win vote of confidence
With non-bank lenders' share of new origination running at around 20% of the commercial real estate debt market, CREFC Europe delegates were bullish about the potential for them to increase their take.
No less than 60% of the audience said they expected this group's market share to be at least 30% in five years' time. Some 46% said alternative lenders' share would be 30-50% of the market and 14% even expected the proportion to climb above 50%.
One category of non-bank lenders, insurance companies, have a big advantage when it comes to winning business, in their ability to offer keen pricing — delegates ranked them second in a question about which kind of senior lenders offer the cheapest money in the UK.
German pfandbrief lenders were the obvious top pick, with 31% of delegates voting them the cheapest.
However, the area where non-bank lenders are most clearly pressing an advantage was on flexibility of loan terms. Two thirds of voters said alternative lenders were able to provide the most flexible terms for loan-to-value ratios, maturities and other covenant structures.
By contrast, German pfandbrief lenders, sometimes accused of being 'tick-box' lenders, were seen as being the least flexible.
DOWNLOAD: The latest CRE lending data
Oaktree targets £3bn of UK residential development lending with new venture
How the UK lending report author and BrickVest co-founder aim to digitalise RE finance
Helaba focuses on sustainability in Nordic data centre debt deal
ACCESS THE LATEST REAL ESTATE
CAPITAL MAGAZINES


Thank you for sharing! It was a tremendously insightful conversation with Armaan's mom. My favorite quote was .... at the age of 3, Armaan on continuing soccer, "No..... I think I am going to retire and play basketball." Hahah. Hopefully we can get more unique interviews like this one if you enjoyed it.
Here's some tape on Jack Tuttle for anyone that is interested. Tuttle's pro-style skill set - consistent throws, ability to throw very deep, quick decision making - can open up the Indiana playbook. Very intrigued see where he ends up on the depth chart come Fall.
Sorry for the re-post, but I shared this in the Analysis article thread also. I figured this is more appropriate here - enjoy!
Our latest Film Study! Instead of breaking down an Indiana player, we take a look at Markus Howard who visits tomorrow night. Keep him mortal and I will like our chances to win tomorrow.
Porter Moser employs a packline scheme himself, so it will be interesting to see if he is able to break Indiana's packline with Loyola's offensive sets. (vice versa is important for the Ramblers to learn as well) Considering the distance both teams have to travel (not much) ... this scrimmage makes a lot of sense on a lot of different levels.
I was not aware of my emoji selection at the time. LOL.
Thanks for sharing those articles! We hope to contribute back to the IU community with quality content and analysis.
Article by yours truly if anyone is interested! In short, what a great match up for Archie to put on the schedule.


text:
We Offer Full Service Tree Work
Call Today: 704.507.5460
Tiny Tim's Tree & Stump Service
Sat: 24/7 Emergency Services
Sun: 24/7 Emergency Services
Thank you for visiting our website. Please fill out the following form to send us a message. Please click on the "SUBMIT" button when you are ready to send your message. You may use this form to request more information about our products and services, and to provide feedback about this website.
We look forward to hearing from you 704-507-5460!
Copyright © 2023 Tiny Tim's Tree and Stump Service, all rights reserved.
Gastonia, NC 28056 (704) 507-5460


Elite's Network Operations Center (NOC) is located in Lafayette, LA, USA. It provides customers with immediate responses 24 hours a day 7 days a week by staffed Telecommunications Electronics Engineers. Our NOC operators create trouble tickets and provide immediate engaged assistance. Escalation processes to supervisors/managers are in place. A group of satellite and IP engineers are available and the support team is available to dispatch an engineer or a spare device at any time. A Teleport engineer is available 24x7 in the Hub for any Teleport related issue to be resolved.
A specialized satellite, power source and TCP/IP (SNMP) monitoring system is incorporated within the NOC to monitor and control the entire network. This allows detailed satellite values and IP parameters to be displayed in real-time and recorded for further analysis.
Remote devices are accessed in-band by using a console server connected to the local LAN.
The NOC monitoring system also allows out-of-band access by using a local telephone line connected to a dial up modem, GSM modem, or satellite phone. This provides access to remote equipment in case of loss of in-band access. This provides proactive response to service degradations and failures.
Elite has a centralized management system that includes Network Monitor and Control system based on WhatsUpGold and Orion.
The routers are configured to enable IPSLA protocol which will perform specific tests to report the status and health of the circuit to the edge router. Each remote unit is polled through SNMP protocol and the information is treated in a separate monitoring VLAN that does not affect primary traffic.
Elite began as a labor company. Since our inception we recognized delivering the best services requires that we have a sufficient number of qualified service technicians available. Field personnel are available for deployment 24x7 from multiple service centers in Louisiana and Texas and and are available for travel outside of those areas, if needed. For international work, Elite Technicians carry up to date US Passports and have passed the relevant health and backgrounds checks for obtaining work visas.
Elite recognizes the value in having a technician force that is not just capable, but exemplary in all tasks expected of them. We also recognize the need in staying current with an ever changing industry. Therefore, we have made significant investments in continuous training and education for both new hires and existing employees, to ensure that tasks are done correctly and safely the first time, while minimizing or eliminating callbacks.
Our field support centers are located in Lafayette, LA, Pleasanton, TX and Big Lake, TX. Each service center is equipped with spare parts, equipment, inventory and personnel to quickly respond to customer requirements for the installation, deployment, testing, repairing and maintaining connectivity services in remote areas.
Our Virtual Help Desk can enable your company's IT department to outsource some of your technical workload by providing end-user support and troubleshooting. Our staff consists of courteous IT professionals, available 24/7, with decades of combined experience and numerous technical certifications. Our ticketing system allows you to review individual incidents/resolutions as well as statistics such as response times, resolution times and end-user satisfaction ratings. Competent Issue escalation immediately alerts you of issues requiring more direct intervention while avoiding lost time on day to day tasks, allowing you to focus on bigger picture goals.
If you need more technical expertise, we also have experienced network engineers, analysts and project managers available for long or short term contracts. These can either work remotely or be deployed at your place of business depending on customer need.


Play fair, no rules! Have fun!
Lol @StarscreamUK this is obviously political in nature. This guy is a Bashar the Butcher supporter and is ok with Russian players a 1000 km away but not ok with Saudi players 200 km away.
I find the 'no rules' servers and 'fast xp' server naming amusing. No rules means the admin tolerates hacking and racial hate chat? Usually not. I wasn't aware that there was a server setting to increase how fast I gain XP. I'm going to have to look for that one.


Following successful surgery to remove a brain tumor, Jane Waller is back to her busy life, which includes travel, nature photography, swimming and salsa dancing.
A vibrant 70-year-old who lives in Chicago's Logan Square neighborhood, Jane Waller has the kind of energy and enthusiasm you would typically associate with a much younger generation.
From photography to swimming to salsa dancing, Waller's full life faced a shocking health challenge in 2015, when she was advised she needed brain surgery to remove a slow-growing tumor. Recently retired, Waller was busy considering travel plans and other adventures. Major surgery was not on her agenda.
Waller's benign meningioma tumor had been discovered years earlier in a body scan. At the time, it was small and not causing any symptoms, so she was advised to monitor it for any changes through an annual MRI.
After nine years of scans and no changes, Waller said she was not initially alarmed when her last MRI revealed that the tumor had grown larger. Her NorthShore primary care physician Rhonda Stein, MD, directed her to have it checked out. The guidance led Waller to NorthShore Neurological Institute Surgeon Ricky Wong, MD.
The conventional approach to removing Waller's tumor includes making a large incision across the top of her head and opening her forehead to reach it. But Dr. Wong offered something extraordinary and far less invasive. Using his expertise in advanced endoscopic brain surgery, he could take out the entire tumor through a 1-inch incision in Waller's eyebrow known as a "keyhole" procedure, referencing the small entry point.
Using a model skull and green clay to represent the tumor, Dr. Wong used a pencil to show Waller how he would remove the tumor. He explained that there was already some swelling in her brain, and if the tumor was not removed, it would continue to grow.
"I thought about how I love to go for walks every day and how I love to take photographs," Waller recalled. "It really made me think about my life and what I wanted for my future." She asked Dr. Wong about the potential risks of surgery and talked it over with her son. Ultimately, she knew having the surgery was the right decision.
The surgery took less than three hours, was completely successfully and did not even leave a visible scar. "I woke up in the Intensive Care Unit, exhaled and said, 'Yes! I'm here!' and I've been so grateful every day since," she said.
Ten years ago, minimally invasive keyhole surgeries were not even an option, and they are still only available at a small number of health systems across the country today. NorthShore Neurological Institute is the only specialty practice to offer it in the Chicagoland area.
"At NorthShore, we have a lot of experience with these leading-edge procedures, doing a handful every month. Now, with the advanced endoscopes, we can do even more. We also have exceptional neurosurgery nurses who are highly skilled and specially trained," Dr. Wong added.
The Grainger Center for Simulation and Innovation at NorthShore provides another distinct advantage. The Center offers neurosurgeons like Dr. Wong an opportunity to simulate and practice the most complex procedures before they enter the operating room. "It's a great training resource that allows us to really push the envelope and offer more patients minimally invasive procedures, which result in fewer complications and faster recovery times," he said.
Discover more inspiring stories like Lynne's in the latest issue of Connections.


The Supreme Court often rules in cases that, while perhaps not particularly significant to the general public or even to the majority of attorneys and other legal professionals, are nonetheless significant milestones in a specific area of law.
The Court ruled in such a case in Rousey v. Jacoway, handed down nine years ago today, on April 4, 2005. In Rousey, the Court held that IRAs are eligible for exemption from bankruptcy estates.
The facts of the case begin with the petitioners, Richard and Betty Jo Rousey, who were formerly employed at Northrup Grumman Corp. When they were terminated from their employment, Northrup Grumman required them to take lump-sum distributions from their employer-sponsored pension plans, which the Rouseys then deposited into two IRAs, one in each of their names.
Several years after the establishment of their IRAs, the Rouseys filed a joint Chapter 7 bankruptcy petition in which they sought to shield the assets in their IRAs from the reach of creditors.
The court-appointed Chapter 7 Trustee, Jill R. Jacoway, objected to the exemption claim, and moved for turnover of those assets to her.
The bankruptcy court sustained Jacoway's objection and granted her motion. The Rouseys appealed, but the Bankruptcy Appellate Panel agreed with the bankruptcy court. The Rouseys once again appealed, but the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed. The Supreme Court agreed to hear the case.
Receiving payments "on account of age" is relevant here because section 522(d)(10) of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code allows debtors to exempt certain assets from the bankruptcy estate – thereby shielding those assets from the reach of creditors.
The court of appeals found that the IRAs were indeed "similar plans or contracts," but that, since the assets in the accounts could be accessed at any time before the age of 59 ½ subject to a 10% tax penalty, the IRAs were more like a savings account.
The Supreme Court disagreed with this proposition, instead holding that the 10% tax penalty for early withdrawal was substantial, contrary to Jacoway's contention. Further, the Court found that because the 10% penalty applies proportionally to any amounts withdrawn, it effectively prevents access to the entire balance in the Rouseys' IRAs.
Although you may never read about Rousey in law school outside of a course on bankruptcy, nor will you likely ever find yourself citing to the nine-year-old case in a brief if you aren't a practicing bankruptcy attorney, the case remains nevertheless significant for those practicing within that field.
After all, the Court ruled that IRAs, a very commonly-used retirement account, may be exempt from creditors' claims in a Chapter 7 bankruptcy proceeding.
It may not be Citizens United v. FEC or U.S. v. Windsor, but Rousey is still an important Supreme Court ruling.


I hope you guys are as excited as I am today! I have just released the very first Episode of The Stress-Less Career Show and I am so glad it is finally here. Last week, I teased that this first month of the year, my brand new show about being your best self in your career would begin by discussing planning so that we can all start 2019 feeling confident and excited about what this new year has in store for us. We are kicking off The Stress-Less Career Show by talking about the first step in planning: setting intentions.
We spend ONE-THIRD of our lives at work! If you are spending one-third of your life doing something you just fell into and don't even want to do, it is no wonder you are stressed out all the time! Worse, chances are that you are bringing that stress home with you to your family and friends. All of this stress because we just fell into this job. That is why setting an intention in your life and your career.
Setting your intentions is incredibly important, especially at the beginning of a new year. Take it one step at a time. Start out by waking up in the morning and setting your daily or weekly intention. Monthly, quarterly, annual – take a look at what you want to get from this life and set your life's intention.
Since it is the new year, I like to think about my intentions in all the different categories of life. Often at his time of the year, everyone is so focused on the intentions that they have for their body.
I invite you this year to take a different approach and focus on your career intentions. Money may be a part of your intentions. Go beyond that and consider how you want your career to make you feel. What do you want to have? Who do you want to work with? What is the real intention that will drive your decisions?
When you create that intention for the new year, it creates a guiding beacon of light on your path. You can use that intention. Ask yourself if that new job offer or relationship is going to lead you to the intention you have set in your life or career. If the answer is yes, go for it and give it everything you've got! If the answer is no, ABANDON SHIP! Not doing so is how we "fell into" our jobs before.
My good friend and colleague, Carlee Myers, from Work You Love told me about a great opportunity she is offering. I wanted to make sure you knew about it. On January 23rd at 1 PM ET, Carlee is offering a free online training on How To Find Work That Fills Your Wallet AND Your Soul.
As the founder of Work You Love, Carlee has helped hundreds people across the country remedy burnout and build their dream career. She uses a combination of creative stress reduction and strategic career coaching. She is an expert at helping professionals who feel overworked, overwhelmed, or on the verge of burnout. Relieve stress and build careers that allow you to find the time for what's most important.
Can you believe that 2018 has passed us by? Now that we have all had a happy holiday season and we are getting into the 2019 groove, I want to give you a little gift for your new year and tell you the number one reason so many of us just can't seem to stick to our New Year's resolutions.
You know the story, you tell yourself that you're going to lose 30 pounds this year which is a great goal. Then the year passes you by and those gym shoes you bought in January haven't left your closet since February. Whatever the resolution was for you, we have all been there. You probably spend every December wondering why you weren't able to follow through on the goals you set for yourself. Well, it turns out that the problem isn't with the New Years' resolution itself. The number one reason we do not follow through with our New Year's resolution actually has more to do with the reason we are trying to pursue the resolution to begin with.
We may tell ourselves that we want to lose 30 pounds this year because we want to be healthy. The reality is that is not really want we care about at the end of the day. What we really want is to be able to keep up with our friends on their Saturday morning hikes. Or maybe we want to feel confident when we go to the beach in a swimsuit. Quite frankly, we might just want to lose 30 pounds so we can go out and get laid. That is okay!
Many aspiring entrepreneurs go into the New Year wanting to start a company. They say they want to create this business for money or to help people. Those reasons might be a part of your motivation for starting this business. There is more to it most of the time. Everyone needs money or wants to help people. There is a bigger motivation that is really driving your decision to become an business owner. It may be that you want to buy your first house or you want the freedom to travel.
Finding your real motivation is a really powerful way to follow through with your New Year's resolutions. I know that really achieving the things you want to in the new year is far from easy. It is really freaking hard! That is why I have you covered.
If you want to finally stick to your New Year's Resolutions this year, sign up for a complimentary clarity session with me HERE. Together, we will discuss where you're at, where you're going, what's getting in the way. We will create a clear plan for you to find the work you love so that you can have time to invest yourself!


text:
Louis Tomlinson helps 83-year-old complete bucket list in emotional music video
Rebecca LewisWednesday 24 Apr 2019 10:30 pm
Louis Tomlinson has helped 83-year-old Richard Green complete items on his bucket list after the death of his wife earlier in 2016.
The seven-minute long music video for Two Of Us shows Louis and Richard flying a helicopter and drive a racing car at Brands Hatch.
'A month or so ago I met an amazing man called Richard. He had a few things he wanted to do so I thought I'd help him out. This video feels particularly relevant and powerful to me,' shared Louis.
'Richard is a classic example of a fearless man who in light of tragedy still pushes himself to live with as much laughter and happiness as possible.
'I hope you enjoy watching this video as much as I did making it. Loads of love, Louis.'
The One Direction heartthrob – who lost his mother in 2016 and his 18-year-old sister this year – stars in the video as well and it begins with an introduction to Richard and his life; Richard lives in Yorkshire, the same county as Louis.
They discuss the loss of Mr Green's wife Pat in 2016, around the same time Tomlinson's mother died from leukaemia.
'She was 43 and we are a big family so it hit us hard,' said the singer.
As well as the helicopter and car, the pair ride a roller coaster, Louis gets a tattoo inked by Richard, and he also arranges for him to sing live for thousands of people at Sheffield Arena.
The pair are encouraging donations to Cancer Research, Alzheimer's Society and Bluebell Wood Children's Hospice.
Tomlinson's mother Johannah Deakin died from leukaemia in 2016 at the age of 43 and 18-year-old sister Felicite died last month after suffering a suspected cardiac arrest.
Got a showbiz story?
If you've got a celebrity story, video or pictures get in touch with the Metro.co.uk entertainment team by emailing us celebtips@metro.co.uk, calling 020 3615 2145 or by visiting our Submit Stuff page - we'd love to hear from you.
MORE : The Bay finally reveals Dylan Meredith's killer and none of us saw it coming
New date for Grammy Awards 2022 announced after being postponed due to Covid fears
Metalcore band Every Time I Die split after 34 years together following fallout
Adele 'set to earn over £500,000 a night' from Las Vegas residency
Grammy Awards 2022: New date for ceremony announced after being postponed due to Covid fears
Metalcore band Every Time I Die split after after decades together following fallout
Adele 'set to rake in £500,000 a night' from Las Vegas residency as she prepares for launch night
Celine Dion devastated as she cancels US tour shows over health issues
Jay Z reveals the album that 'haunts' and 'embarrasses' him: 'I know what could have been'
Home › Entertainment › Music


text:
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine/
AbstractIntroductionMethodsResultsDiscussionConclusionDisclosureConflicts of InterestReferencesCopyrightRelated Articles
The Effectiveness of Saireito, a Traditional Japanese Herbal Medicine, in Reducing Postoperative Edema after Acquired Ptosis Surgery: A Prospective Controlled Trial
Naoki Morimoto,1Natsuko Kakudo,1Toshihito Mitsui,1Atsuyuki Kuro,1Yuko Ueda,1Masakatsu Hihara,1Yoshihito Tanaka,2Yujiro Ozaki,2Kenji Suzuki,2and Kenji Kusumoto1
Academic Editor: Louise Bennett
Received11 Dec 2017
Revised23 Apr 2018
Accepted04 Jun 2018
Published27 Jun 2018
Background. Persistent edema is a common complication after the surgical treatment of blepharoptosis; however, no objective methods have been established for evaluating or treating this condition. We focused on the Japanese herbal medicine, Saireito, and evaluated its efficacy in reducing postoperative edema. Methods. This was a prospective, nonrandomized, and controlled study. We evaluated the incidence of postoperative edema in a Control group using a subjective patient-assessed visual analog scales (VASs) to assess swelling, pain, itching, and local warmth and an objective surgeon-assessed VAS to evaluate swelling. Swelling was also assessed by an objective computer-based analysis of digital images. These methods were used to evaluate the effects of Saireito (8.1 g/day) for 8 weeks. Results. A total of 49 patients and 80 eyelids were enrolled. Twenty-nine patients and 48 eyelids were assigned to the Control group, and 20 patients and 32 eyelids were assigned to the Saireito group. Our analysis of the Control group indicated that postoperative edema persisted for up to 8 weeks. On the other hand, the postoperative edema in the Saireito group was mostly eliminated at 8 weeks. The computer-based analysis of digital images showed that the edema tended to be reduced in the Saireito group compared with the Control group. Conclusion. Saireito might be effective for reducing postoperative edema after blepharoptosis surgery and almost completely eliminated it at 8 weeks after surgery. This study was a preliminary and nonrandomized study; therefore, the randomized and placebo-controlled study will be needed in the next step.
Mechanical blepharoptosis, such as aponeurotic ptosis and/or dermatochalasis of the upper eyelids, is the most common cause of acquired ptosis [1]. Complications after ptosis surgery, including major complications such as retrobulbar hematoma and ectropion, are rare. On the other hand, minor complications, including subcutaneous hematoma, eyelid malposition, scarring, and persistent edema, remain very common [2, 3]. Edema, which often continues for more than 4 weeks in the clinical setting, causes suffering and sometimes results in eyelid malposition, scarring, or the recurrence of ptosis [2, 3]. Edema within one week is treated or prevented by cooling, compression, or the administration of steroids; however, there are no well-established techniques for the management of persistent edema.
The Japanese herbal medicine Saireito is a combination of two herbal medicines (Shosaikoto and Goreisan) that is used to treat inflammatory diseases as well as autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome [4–7]. Saireito has also been demonstrated to be effective in treating edema after total hip arthroplasty and lymphedema after radiotherapy [8, 9]. In addition, it has been reported to have antifibrotic properties; thus, it is useful for the treatment of fibrosis or hypertrophic scars [10, 11].
In the present study, we investigated the incidence of postoperative edema at up to eight weeks after the surgical treatment of ptosis and evaluated the efficacy of Saireito in reducing postoperative edema.
Each patient in this multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized, controlled study underwent acquired ptosis surgery, which involved the incision of the eyelid fold. This study was performed at Kansai Medical University Hospital and Kansai Medical University Medical Center. All operations performed at the two locations were performed by specialists in plastic and reconstructive surgery. During the study period, there were no established methods for evaluating edema after eyelid ptosis surgery. Thus, in the present study, we used a novel method to evaluate postoperative edema in 30 patients who underwent ptosis surgery but who did not receive Saireito (Control group). Then, after confirming that our evaluation method was reasonable, we evaluated postoperative edema in 30 patients who underwent ptosis surgery and who were treated with Saireito (Saireito group).
The protocol of the Control group study was approved by the institutional review boards of Kansai Medical University Hospital (permit number: H130938) and Kansai Medical University Medical Center (permit number: 25-7). The protocol of the Saireito group study was approved by the institutional review board of Kansai Medical University Hospital (permit number: H140407) and Kansai Medical University Medical Center (permit number: 26-22). The Saireito group study was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry (number: UMIN000016258). The Control group study was not registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry because it was an observational study without any intervention; thus, at the time of the study, registration was not required according to the Japanese Ethical Guidelines for Medical and Health Research Involving Human Subjects.
2.2. Patients
Patients who met the eligibility criteria were recruited for the Control group from September 2013 to September 2014 (Table 1). The patients in the Saireito group were recruited from December 2014 to March 2016; the same eligibility criteria were applied. Patients who received herbal medicine within 2 weeks before surgery were excluded from the study. The target sample size of each group was 30. The baseline data that were collected before enrollment included age, sex, comorbidities, and history of ptosis surgery.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria.
2.3. Interventions
Under local anesthesia, the skin along the patient's eyelid fold was incised and the redundant eyelid skin was removed according to the degree of dermatochalasis. The levator aponeurosis was dissected from the tarsus and advanced or resected to the extent that was required. The aponeurosis and skin were sutured using 6-0 or 7-0 nylon. In the Saireito group, Saireito (EK-114, Kracie Pharma, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was administered orally as a solution immediately before meals at a dose of 2.7 g three times daily (8.1 g/day), for 8 weeks, starting just after surgery. According to the manufacturer's information, Saireito is a water extract of herbal powder; 8.1 g of Saireito is prepared from a decoction of the following 12 medicinal herbs: Bupleurum root (7.0 g), Pinellia tuber (5.0 g), Alisma rhizome (6.0 g), Scutellaria root (3.0 g), Ginseng radix (3.0 g), Jujube fruit (3.0 g), Poria sclerotium (4.05 g), Polyporus sclerotium (4.5 g), Atractyloides rhizome (4.5 g), Cinnamon bark (3.0 g), Glycyrrhizae root (2.0 g), and Ginger rhizome (1.0 g). Saireito is approved as a herbal medicine under the Japanese National Health Insurance Program and is indicated for the relief of edema [5–10].
2.4. The Evaluation of Postoperative Edema after Blepharoptosis Surgery
The subjective symptoms of postoperative edema, including swelling, pain, itching, and local warmth of the affected eyelid, were evaluated using 10-cm visual analog scales (VASs) [12, 13]. Briefly, the item was given a score of 0 to 10 along a continuous 10-cm line, where 0 indicated the absence of symptoms and 10 indicated symptoms of the strongest intensity.
In the present study, we used a high-resolution digital camera system (Robo Skin Analyzer CS 50, NIIC Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) to obtain digital images and evaluate postoperative edema [1]. The images, which were captured under highly uniform brightness [4], were analyzed using the Clinical Suite 2.1 imaging software program (NIIC Co. Ltd.) and shadow mode images were prepared. This mode detects the surface asperity of the facial skin according to the intensity of the reflected light and provides color-coded images in which blue represents the lowest degree of reflection (concave-area) and red represents the highest degree of reflection (convex-area). In this study, we used five-phase color-coded images to indicate the degree of reflection (lowest to highest: blue, green, yellow, orange, and red). We evaluated the percentage of each area of color in each eyelid using the RainbowAnalyze software program (Corefront Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
The degree of swelling was also objectively evaluated by six blinded plastic and reconstructive surgery specialists at the two hospitals from patient photographs. All surgeons were blinded to the patient information and observed the patient's photos before surgery, just after surgery, and at one, two, four, and eight weeks after surgery; swelling was then evaluated at one and eight weeks after surgery using a 10-cm VAS. Swelling was graded on a scale of 0 to 10 along a continuous 10-cm line, where 0 indicated no symptoms and 10 indicated symptoms of the highest intensity.
2.5. Follow-Up
Follow-up examinations were scheduled for one, two, four, and eight weeks after surgery in both groups. Digital images were captured before surgery and at every follow-up examination using a Robo Skin Analyzer. The VAS score was also recorded at every follow-up examination.
2.6. Statistical Analysis
The Microsoft Excel software program (Microsoft Office Standard 2010) and the Statcel 3 software add-on (OMS Publishing Inc., Tokyo, Japan) were used for all of the statistical analyses. The age and sex in the Control and Saireito groups were compared using Fisher's exact probability test. The history of ptosis and the internal use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the Control and Saireito groups were compared using a chi-squared test. The VAS scores and the percentage of the colored areas in each group were analyzed using Tukey-Kramer's multiple-comparison post hoc test. The data are presented as the mean + SD (standard deviation). P values of <0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance.
A total of 49 patients and 80 eyelids were enrolled in the present study (Control group: 29 patients, 48 eyelids; Saireito group: 20 patients, 32 eyelids) (Figure 1). In the Saireito group, one patient chose to discontinue Saireito treatment. Another patient discontinued Saireito treatment due to diarrhea; however, the patient promptly recovered after the discontinuation of Saireito. The data related to the objective findings (digital images analyzed using Robo Skin Analyzer) of 13 eyelids of 7 patients were missing and the subjective data (VAS scales) were also missing in the Control group. Thus, the digital images of 35 eyelids of 22 patients and the VAS scores of 35 eyelids of 22 patients were analyzed in the Control group. The data related to the objective findings of 12 eyelids of 8 patients were missing and the subjective data of 3 eyelids of 2 patients were missing in the Saireito group. Thus, the digital images of 17 eyelids of 10 patients and the VAS scores of 26 eyelids of 16 patients were analyzed. The objective evaluation of swelling of eyelids for which digital images from both 1 and 8 weeks were available (42 eyelids in the Control group; 35 eyelids in the Saireito group) was performed by six surgeons.
The CONSORT flow diagram.
The demographic and surgical characteristics of the whole study population are shown in Table 2. The average ages of the patients in the Control and Saireito groups were 73.4 years and 66.5 years, respectively. In the analysis of the objective findings, the average ages of the patients in the Control and Saireito groups were 74.2 years and 65.1 years, respectively. In the analysis of the subjective findings, the average ages of the patients in the Control and Saireito groups were 74.1 years and 65.2 years, respectively. There were no significant differences between the Control and Saireito groups with regard to age or sex (Fisher's exact probability test) or the history of ptosis and the internal use of NSAIDs (chi-squared test) in either the whole study population or the analysis groups of the objective findings and the subjective findings.
The demographics and surgical characteristics.
The time course of representative cases from the Control and the Saireito groups is shown in Figures 2(a) and 2(b), respectively. The representative patient of the Control group showed severe bilateral eyelid edema at 1 week after surgery and mild-to-moderate edema persisted from 4 to 8 weeks after surgery. On the other hand, the patient in the Saireito group developed severe edema at 1 week; however, the edema was mild at 2 weeks and had almost completely regressed at 4 weeks.
The time course of representative cases in the Control group ((a) a 68-year-old woman with bilateral aponeurotic ptosis) and the Saireito group ((b) a 74-year-old woman with bilateral aponeurotic ptosis). Gross photos were captured with the patient's eyelids open (top) and closed (middle) before surgery and at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. Color-coded images with the patient's eyes closed are shown at the bottom. The red line indicates the evaluated eyelid area. The percentage indicates the percentage of the blue area in each eyelid.
The results of the analysis of the subjective VAS scores are summarized in Figure 3. The VAS score for swelling decreased with time in both the Control and Saireito groups (Figure 3(a)). Swelling was still present at 8 weeks in the Control group and the swelling had completely disappeared at 8 weeks in the Saireito group. Furthermore, pain had completely disappeared at 4 weeks after surgery in the Saireito group, while some pain was observed in the Control group (Figure 3(b)). The VAS score for itching decreased with time in both the Control and Saireito groups. Curiously, however, the score of the Saireito group was higher than that of the Control group (Figure 3(c)). The VAS for local warmth did not differ between the two groups to a statistically significant extent (Figure 3(d)).
The time course of the subjective VAS scores of swelling (a), pain (b), itching (c), and local warmth (d). (a) In the Control group, the swelling scores at 2 (p<0.01), 4 (p<0.01), and 8 (p<0.01) weeks were decreased in comparison to the score at 1 week. In the Saireito group, the swelling scores at 2 (p<0.05), 4 (p<0.01), and 8 (p<0.01) weeks were decreased in comparison to the score at 1 week. The score at 8 weeks was decreased in comparison to that at 2 weeks (p<0.01). At 8 weeks, the swelling score of the Saireito group was mostly eliminated. p<0.01, p<0.05. (b) In the Control group, the pain score at 2 weeks was decreased in comparison to the score at 1 week (p<0.05). The pain score in the Saireito group was zero at 4 and 8 weeks (p<0.05). p<0.05. (c) In the Control group, the itching scores at 2 (p<0.05) and 4 (p<0.01) weeks were decreased in comparison to the score at 1 week. In the Saireito group, the itching scores at 4 (p<0.01) and 8 (p<0.01) weeks were decreased in comparison to the score at 1 week. p<0.01, p<0.05. (d) No significant differences were observed in the local warmth scores.
Next, we evaluated the time course of the changes in each color area in the color-coded images of the Control group to determine an objective method for evaluating swelling. We evaluated color-coded images that were captured with the eyelids closed because the eyelid area was too small to evaluate when the eyelids were open. No significant differences were observed in the red, orange, yellow, or green colors; however, the blue area at 1 week after surgery was significantly increased in comparison to that in the Control group before surgery (Figure 4). In the Saireito group, the blue area—which reflects the concave surface along the eyelid fold—was not increased at 1 week and the blue area in the Saireito group tended to be reduced after surgery in comparison to the Control group (Figure 5).
The time course of each color-coded eyelid area in the Control group. The percentages of each color-coded area at preoperation and at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery are shown. The only significant difference that was observed was in the blue color area in the preoperation image and the image from 1 week after surgery (p<0.05). p<0.05.
The blue color eyelid area in the Control and Saireito groups. In the Control group, the blue area was significantly increased at 1 week (p<0.05). In the Saireito group, no significant differences were observed during the study period. p<0.05.
The objective swelling scores of the Control group and the Saireito group at 8 weeks were decreased in comparison to the score at 1 week (Figure 6).
The VAS scores for objective swelling. In both groups, the scores at 8 weeks were significantly decreased in comparison to the scores at 1 week (p<0.01). p<0.01.
Persistent postoperative edema is a common complication after ptosis surgery; however, an objective method for evaluating edema following eyelid ptosis surgery has not been established and no methods for objectively evaluating its duration have been reported. Studies using 3D imaging systems to evaluate persistence of postoperative edema following orthognathic surgery have revealed that 10–20 percent of primary edema remained at 3 months after surgery and that primary edema had almost disappeared at 6 months after surgery [14, 15].
In the present study, we evaluated postoperative edema after ptosis surgery using the subjective patient-assessed VAS scores, objective surgeon-assessed VAS scores, and the computer-based analysis of images captured using a digital camera. Ptosis surgery is a basic operation. The plastic and reconstructive surgery specialists in our hospital used the same procedure when treating patients with ptosis.
Postoperative edema of the head and neck region has been evaluated according to the thickness of the soft tissue measured by ultrasound, cone beam computer tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging [16–18]. However, these methods are time-consuming for postoperative outpatients. The three-dimensional evaluation of the postoperative swelling using a 3D Digitizer is another method [19, 20]; however, the eyelids should not be exposed to laser light, as it may cause visual impairment. Our analysis of the Control group indicated that postoperative edema persisted—to some extent—at 8 weeks after surgery. We performed a computer-based analysis of images captured using a digital camera to evaluate edema because it was rapid and noninvasive method. We initially expected the red or orange area to increase after surgery because the edematous area is brightly reflected and is indicated by red or orange after surgery. Unexpectedly, however, these areas did not increase and the blue color area significantly increased. This was probably because the eyelid fold is sutured and fixed to the tarsus and is largely depressed in the edematous eyelid after ptosis surgery (Figure 4). The most severe edema was observed at 1 week; the subjective VAS scores indicated its gradual improvement. The depressed blue area changed to reflect the degree of edema in the same way. Thus, our image analysis reflected the state of eyelid edema well and may be used to evaluate eyelid edema.
With regard to the effectiveness of Saireito, the subjective VAS scores of edema and pain and the objective VAS scores at 8 weeks (with the exception of itching) indicated that a certain level of postoperative edema persisted for up to 8 weeks in the Control group. The scores revealed that little or no edema occurred in the Saireito group at 8 weeks. The blue area increased in the Control group at 1 week; in contrast, no significant change in the blue area in the Saireito group was observed during the study period. These results suggest that the administration of Saireito might reduce the incidence of postoperative edema to some extent and that it had almost eliminated postoperative edema at 8 weeks. The only adverse event observed in this study was mild diarrhea; no severe adverse events occurred in association with the administration of Saireito [5, 8–10].
With regard to other anti-inflammatory drugs, steroids can be administrated once or for a few days after surgery and have been reported to reduce edema within several days [20, 21]. The administration of NSAIDs for several months after surgery may cause gastrointestinal ulceration; thus, it is not implemented in clinical practice [22]. Hilotherapy is a novel cooling method that is used to reduce perioperative pain and swelling in facial surgery; however, this method can only be used for a few days after surgery [12]. It is suggested that the safety of Saireito might be superior to these conventional therapies when it is administered for a number of weeks.
This study was a preliminary and nonrandomized study; therefore, the randomized and placebo-controlled study will be needed in the next step to show the efficacy of Saireito clearly.
Saireito, a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, seemed to be effective for reducing postoperative edema after acquired ptosis surgery and had almost eliminated postoperative edema at 8 weeks after surgery.
This work was presented at the 25th Research Council Meeting of Japan Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
The authors have no financial relationship with the manufacturer of Saireito.
S. Yadegari, "Approach to a patient with blepharoptosis," Neurological Sciences, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 1589–1596, 2016.
G. J. Lelli Jr. and R. D. Lisman, "Blepharoplasty complications," Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol. 125, no. 3, pp. 1007–1017, 2010.
S. J. Pacella and M. A. Codner, "Minor complications after blepharoplasty: dry eyes, chemosis, granulomas, ptosis, and scleral show," Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 709–718, 2010.
T. Hattori, H. Maruyama, H. Nishimura et al., "Effects of Saireito, a Japanese herbal medicine, on edema via antagonistic actions against aldosterone in anti-GBM nephritic rats," Clinical and Experimental Nephrology, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 13–18, 2006.
S. Fukunishi, S. Nishida, K. Nakamura et al., "Co-administration of saireito enabled the withdrawal of corticosteroids in an elderly woman with autoimmune hepatitis," Internal Medicine, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 43–47, 2016.
S. Kato, S. Hayashi, Y. Kitahara et al., "Saireito (TJ-114), a Japanese traditional herbal medicine, reduces 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice by inhibiting cytokine-mediated apoptosis in intestinal crypt cells," PLoS ONE, vol. 10, no. 1, Article ID e0116213, 2015.
N. Fujitsuka, K. Goto, S. Takeda, and M. Aburada, "The diuretic effect of Sairei-to is mediated by nitric oxide production in pentobarbital-anesthetized rats," Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 185–191, 2004.
Y. Kishida, H. Miki, T. Nishii et al., "Therapeutic effects of Saireito (TJ-114), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, on postoperative edema and inflammation after total hip arthroplasty," Phytomedicine, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 581–586, 2007.
A. Nagai, Y. Shibamoto, and K. Ogawa, "Therapeutic effects of Saireito (Chai-Ling-Tang), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, on lymphedema caused by radiotherapy: a case series study," Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2013, 6 pages, 2013.
T. Asano, Y. Fujii, N. Numao, Y. Kageyama, and K. Kihara, "The efficiency of Sairei-to for retroperitoneal fibrosis: two case reports," Acta Urologica Japonica, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 543–547, 2006.
Q. Ye, S. J. Wang, and J. Y. Chen, "Medicinal plants for the treatment of hypertrophic scars," Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2015, Article ID 101340, 15 pages, 2015.
G. E. Glass, N. Waterhouse, and K. Shakib, "Hilotherapy for the management of perioperative pain and swelling in facial surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis," British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 54, no. 8, pp. 851–856, 2016.
M. Rana, N.-C. Gellrich, U. Joos, J. Piffkó, and W. Kater, "3D evaluation of postoperative swelling using two different cooling methods following orthognathic surgery: a randomised observer blind prospective pilot study," International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 690–696, 2011.
C. H. Kau, A. J. Cronin, and S. Richmond, "A three-dimensional evaluation of postoperative swelling following orthognathic surgery at 6 months," Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol. 119, no. 7, pp. 2192–2199, 2007.
M. Van Der Vlis, K. M. Dentino, B. Vervloet, and B. L. Padwa, "Postoperative swelling after orthognathic surgery: a prospective volumetric analysis," Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 2241–2247, 2014.
V. Shetty and A. Mohan, "A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of systemic enzyme therapy for edema control in orthognathic surgery using ultrasound scan to measure facial swelling," Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 71, no. 7, pp. 1261–1267, 2013.
Z. Fourie, J. Damstra, P. O. Gerrits, and Y. Ren, "Accuracy and reliability of facial soft tissue depth measurements using cone beam computer tomography," Forensic Science International, vol. 199, no. 1-3, pp. 9–14, 2010.
T. Meisami, M. Musa, M. A. Keller, R. Cooper, C. M. L. Clokie, and G. K. B. Sàndor, "Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of airway status after orthognathic surgery," Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology, vol. 103, no. 4, pp. 458–463, 2007.
U. Tozzi, V. Santillo, G. P. Tartaro, A. Sellitto, G. R. Gravino, and M. Santagata, "A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing the efficacy of anti-edema drugs for edema control in orthognathic surgery using digitizer 3-D to measure facial swelling," Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 386–392, 2015.
B. J. Pulikkottil, P. Dauwe, L. Daniali, and R. J. Rohrich, "Corticosteroid use in cosmetic plastic surgery," Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol. 132, no. 3, pp. 352e–360e, 2013.
F. Widar, H. Kashani, B. Alsén, C. Dahlin, and L. Rasmusson, "The effects of steroids in preventing facial oedema, pain, and neurosensory disturbances after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy: a randomized controlled trial," International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 252–258, 2015.
M. Yang, M. He, M. Zhao et al., "Proton pump inhibitors for preventing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug induced gastrointestinal toxicity: a systematic review," Current Medical Research and Opinion, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 973–980, 2017.
Copyright © 2018 Naoki Morimoto et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


text:
Roger Clifford or Roger de Clifford may refer to:

 Roger de Clifford (died c. 1285)
 Roger de Clifford (died 1282) (died 1282), the son of the above

Roger de Clifford, 2nd Baron de Clifford (1299–1322)
Roger de Clifford, 5th Baron de Clifford (1333–1389)
Sir Roger Clifford, 7th Baronet (born 1936)

See also
Clifford (surname)
Clifford baronets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia