Friend, you have passed through another danger. This represents the dangers that flow from ignorance. How many of the human race perish as the victims of ignorance, to whom, if education had been afforded, the highest honors might have been awarded. When in the world do all you can to counteract the evils that result from ignorance and by your own example seek to educate all who come within your influence.
…mortality…it is the final closing of life's eventful history. Its daily contemplation should solemnize your mind to prepare for another state of being, whenever the Wise Disposer of all events sees fit to summon you away. Where is the tongue from which flowed the eloquence that rendered its possessor the welcome guest of a hundred households? It is now silent and cannot reply. The lips that were oft pressed to the cheeks of the loved ones have ceased to reciprocate. The cheek that was looked at with fondness, and once bloomed with the promise of years, is now withered in the blast. The eye with its luster has decayed and fallen from its socket. The aspiring imagination of the heart, the whole of the intellect that influenced society is laid low by mortality, who sooner or later levels all in the dust. Mortal! This lot is thine! The king and the slave all share the same fate. Wealth, pomp or grandeur are but the vision of today; tomorrow eternity opens before them, and the stern King of Terrors strikes them down and with it the schemes of ambition, oppression, and aggrandizement, are brought to naught.


The ARTbar Studio/ARTstarters - ARTstarters Creativity Circle: Kick-off Session!
ARTstarters Creativity Circle: Kick-off Session!
price: $199 for 6 Sessions!
Are you searching for something in life but not sure exactly what it may be?
Do you yearn for more creativity yet not sure how to express yourself?
This is your opportunity to answer your own questions -- with the support of a creative and encouraging group!
Special: Register by June 14th and receive $50 off!
Based on the new book by Nicole Steiman - all participants will get the printed book included with this group and be part of this special group with Nicole as your Creativity Coach.
ARTstarters: A Spiritual Process for Using Creativity and Art Making to Ignite Your Life!
A unique encouragement group that blends creativity and (your) faith with your quest for your unique purpose.
* have goals and want to stretch yourself to meet them in new creative and breakthrough ways!
We'll meet 2-3 times monthly on Saturday mornings from 9am - 11:30am, with discussions, sharing of insights, and a safe place to create many of the fun creative projects in the book - with tons of amazing art supplies provided by The ARTbar! It's like The Artist's Way with art supplies! . . . and more life momentum!
Contact Nicole at Nicole@theARTbar.net for more information.
All Sessions facilitated by Nicole Steiman, M.A.
Aug. 30th: Creative Mindset of Passion & Celebration!


The abstract is just a tiny research work for which students of the college, university or college is meant to show their power to make use of informative data on a specific subject. Its peculiarity is the fact that it will not need an extremely deep immersion in a systematic issue, nonetheless it doesn't mean that you need to underestimate the value of the form of project. In case a pupil during college years didn't have to cope with such a job, he requirements first to master how exactly to compose the abstract precisely, then very very carefully follow most of the suggestions. With seeming simplicity, such work takes a great deal of the time, perseverance and specific abilities of appropriate use information.
A softer policy enables pupils to simply just simply simply take more exciting and interesting assignments. Frequently, further actions may be of this exact same type, Regardless of the true title associated with the subject therefore the issue under research.


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Home » Sport » Even James Dolan chimes in on 'creative' David Fizdale with hiring official
Even James Dolan chimes in on 'creative' David Fizdale with hiring official
It's officially official, and even owner James Dolan has chimed in with his take on the hire of David Fizdale, calling him "creative."
Knicks GM Scott Perry went with "dynamic'" and cited his "championship pedigree." President Steve Mills called him "an effective communicator.''
"I would like to congratulate and welcome David to the Knicks organization," Dolan said in a release. "David is a bright and creative basketball mind who is highly respected throughout the NBA. I'm confident that Steve and Scott identified the right coach to lead this team to the success our loyal fans deserve."
In making the announcement, the Knicks have hired their 11th coach since 2001's Jeff Van Gundy resignation. Fizdale originally agreed to terms on a four-year deal Thursday, ending a three-week, 11-candidate search. Fizdale, 43, will be introduced Tuesday at a press conference at the Garden.
"After a thorough coaching search, it was clear that David would be a great fit with the Knicks and we're thrilled that he is joining our organization," Mills said. "He is an experienced coach, strong leader and effective communicator, who understands what it takes to build a winning culture."
Perry invoked Fizdale's time as an assistant coach with LeBron James' Miami Dream Team, as opposed to the season-plus he spent as the Grizzlies coach.
"David is a dynamic coach who will thrive in New York," Perry said in the release. "His championship pedigree, resiliency and expertise in player development make David well-suited to establish the Knicks as a consistent winning basketball team."
Fizdale said in the statement he was "honored and humbled," adding he "appreciates the enormous responsibility it is to coach the Knicks and am ready to give my all to build the type of winning team the passionate fans of New York will be proud of."
The Fizdale fear is he's all style, no substance, as he brings to the Garden the best eyewear in the NBA.
"David talks a good game,'' one NBA source familiar with the Garden's inner workings told The Post. "The Knicks will win another press conference. But the fans have seen a lot of masquerades before.''
Fizdale is being hired on his potential — not necessarily his head-coaching résumé as he was fired after going on an eight-game losing streak last November. He famously feuded with Grizzlies star center Marc Gasol, which was was the impetus for his exit.
Counting his rookie season's mark of 43-39, Fizdale finished 50-51 in his first head-coaching job after being a longtime assistant in Atlanta and Miami.
Fizdale turned down a Suns offer and was a front-runner in Atlanta, Orlando and Charlotte.
"He was just very in demand by several teams," an NBA source close to Fizdale said.
The honeymoon is over for the managerial tandem of Mills and Perry, as they have their head coach in place. Jeff Hornacek was hired by Phil Jackson with Mills believed to be pulling for David Blatt.
Hornacek posted a 60-104 record in two seasons and was fired in a conference room at the Westchester Airport three and a half weeks ago after landing from Cleveland on the last night of the regular season.
Hornacek isn't the first Knicks coach to bomb in recent years. Many coaches have come in with strong reputations and left battered.
Since the millennium began, the Knicks have the second-worst record in the NBA at 655-887, which is a .425 winning percentage. Only the Charlotte Hornets/Bobcats have been worse, by percentage points.
Next season is expected to feature more misery because of the uncertainty of Kristaps Porzingis' return. James Dolan told The Post he'll be out anywhere from December to the entire season, though the latter timetable is a long shot.
« Ken Jeong, Actor, Comedian & Doctor, Aids Woman Who Had Seizure During Live Performance
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From the Archives, 1996: Rural spirit revives a historic Victorian ghost town
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Christine McGuinness wows in Ann Summers Valentine's Day shoot
Dana White expects Khabib to make final decision on UFC return in Las Vegas meeting after Poirier vs Conor McGregor 2

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Jobs at Orient Electronics Pvt Ltd
2 Jobs Available
About Orient Electronics Pvt Ltd
The Beginning of OGC: Orient appeared on the horizons of trading business of Pakistan in 1957. The GROUP started with the establishment of Orient Colour Labs, a humble business in photo optics and photo finishing and in just 40 years of operations it has developed into one of the largest trading company in Pakistan dealing in popular brand names in consumers' electronics, audio and video goods, photographic equipment, cell phones and lighting products. The Group imports all renowned brands from America, Japan, Europe, Germany and Italy and has business deals with such international names in the consumer products' market as Mitsubishi, Yashica, Osram, Sanyo and a number of Italian and German companies. The Growth: The founder Mian Muhammad Fazal was determined to take on the business world and realize his vision and aspirations of expanding the business operations. His perseverance paid off well and the small company Orient Colour Labs progressed in leaps and bounds. An Import Division was established in 1975 and the company carved a niche for itself as a major contributor towards the country's economic progress by earning recognition on the international level. In 1983, Orient became a private limited company and laid out a network of Mini Color Labs throughout the country. In 1985 the Group embarked upon marketing operation of consumer products and electronics equipments and received great response. Increase in the imports sector gave birth to M/S ORIENT ENTERPRISES in 1988. Presently, the Group is composed of the following sub companies: 1. Orient Color Labs. (Pvt.) Ltd. 2. Orient Enterprises 3. Orient Photos 4. Orient Electronic The success of OG is a consequence of integrated operation of these divisions. According to estimation, OG holds second ranking position among electronics distributors and has been declared fourth ranking organization in the Photo-finishing, Photographic/ Photo optics, audiovisual business. It enjoys a worldwide fame for its sound f
We are exporters of rice around...
Vendor Development Officer
Orient Electronics Pvt Ltd
Supervisor Mess / Canteen


text:
Comedy Festivals
Last Things First — Podcasts
Meet Me In New York
Gabriel Iglesias to play Madison Square Garden in April 2015
Posted by Sean L. McCarthy | Feb 4, 2015 | 0 |
And Fluffy makes 10.
Madison Square Garden announced today that Gabriel Iglesias will perform in New York City's midtown Manhattan arena on April 17, 2015. Tickets go on sale this Friday, Feb. 6.
"Fluffy" already is on an arena tour this week and through the winter/spring. But MSG still has a pull and allure that only a handful of stand-up comedians have cracked. In fact, it's now two handfuls, as Iglesias will become only the 10th comedian to play the arena (several others have played MSG's smaller theater space). The others? Steve Martin, Andrew Dice Clay, Dane Cook, Chris Rock, Eddie Izzard, Kevin Hart, Aziz Ansari, Russell Peters and Louis CK.
The number of stand-ups playing The Garden arena has doubled in just the past two years, with Hart, Ansari, Peters, CK and now Iglesias making the leap to the biggest stage.
All men, mind you. Ladies? Care to make it 11?
Iglesias is continuing his Unity Through Laughter Tour, which you may have seen on the big-screen last year in his Fluffy Movie.
Iglesias has recently appeared in A Haunted House 2 and provided voices for animated films The Nut Job, Disney's Planes and The Book of Life; and he'll reprise his role as Tobias with Matthew McConaughey and Channing Tatum in Magic Mike XXL, due out this Fourth of July weekend.
Tickets are available to the general public at noon Friday through Ticketmaster Charge By Phone (1-866-858-0008) and all Ticketmaster Outlets. Tickets will also be available in person at MSG, Radio City Music Hall and the Beacon Theatre Box Offices beginning Saturday, Feb. 7, 2015.
Find tickets for Gabriel Iglesias "Unity Through Laughter Tour" via Ticketmaster.
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Editor and publisher since 2007, when he was named New York's Funniest Reporter. Former newspaper reporter at the New York Daily News, Boston Herald and smaller dailies and community papers across America. Loves comedy so much he founded this site.
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Yor Kepen Insulaa Modation
College & Education articles
Historians supported by intentionalist historians who believe Hitler
College Articles / By admin / May 24, 2019
Historians have disagreed about the causes of the Second World War. What is your view about the extent to which Hitler's foreign policy was responsible for explaining the outbreak of the Second World War?In his article, 'Did Hitler want a world dominion?', Milan Hauner argues that through his foreign policy Hitler planned to achieve a world dominion through three stages of calculated campaigns which would eventually spread over the globe. Hauners entire argument is based on the idea that, through his policies, Hitler had a preconceived plan for world domination through his use of a stage by stage programme. For example, Hauner states that 'even between 1919 and 1928 he had already developed a certain set of ideas about Germany's role in the world – the 'Programme' – which he consistently held until the end of his life.' This suggests that, even before he became chancellor, Hitler had a consistent plan for expansion and domination which eventually led to war, with Hauner believing he had a long term stage by stage plan rather than a short term course of action. This argument is supported by intentionalist historians who believe Hitler followed a plan that was always intended to lead to war. They support this through the view that Hitler's architecture encompasses the grandeur that would be seen in the future World Empire. Similarly his argument is further corroborated by Winston Churchill who, in a statement to the House of Commons in March 1938, said that 'Europe was confronted with a programme of aggression, nicely calculated and timed, unfolding stage by stage.' This view can also be verified through Hauners use and application of evidence. For example, part of the programme includes the idea of short blitzkriegs, lighting wars, set to conquer quickly, allowing Germany to go to war as Hitler wanted, whilst avoiding any possibility of war on two fronts. Hauner mentions the scale of German armaments in 1938-1939 which made up 16.5% of the countries GNP, more than double the amount of France and Britain. The extent of these rearmaments would not have been sufficient for a war on two fronts but would have been enough for short bursts intended to conquer. Furthermore, Hitler's rearmaments suggest that he always planned to go to war in a bid to achieve the different stages in programme that ended in German world domination. This 'programme' of war led to the start of the Second World War in many ways. Hitler had a preconceived set of aims, making up the programme, which always intended to lead to war. After gaining power Hitler immediately abandoned the law set in the Treaty of Versailles which would have antagonised Britain and France, pushing them closer to war. Hitler also made a conscious effort to rearm, illustrating his knowledge that Europe would go to war in the near future. The evidence used adds weight to this argument as it suggests that Hauners argument is based off clear supporting evidence as well as corroboration from other historians. Therefore, it seems rational to believe that Hitler had preconceived stage by stage plan, adding support to the argument that Hitler's foreign policy played a key role in the outbreak of the Second World War. Hauner not only highlights the importance of Hitler's 'Programme' of war, but also argues that Hitler's preconceived foreign policy took two forms, racial ideology and the desire for Lebensraum, which would ultimately lead him to war. For example Hauner states that Hitler's 'racial motivation played the decisive part, for only the submission of Russia could help Germany established the so called Lebensraum – the future living space for German colonists who were to move in only after the extermination squads had dealt with the Jews'. This suggests that Hitler's foreign policy contained two fundamental elements which angered him enough to motivate his preconceived war aims. This view is supported by Rudolf Binion who analysed Hitler's psychological power of Germany and identified two aggressors of Hitler's personality which effected his politics:Personal experience of anti semitism when his mother died after being treated by a Jewish doctor. Collective experience of the loss of the First world War which angered Hitler and most Germans. Made him passionately against the soviet revolution happening in Russia. Led to his want of living space which had been taken during the Treaty of Versailles in 1918.
Not Despite the fact that Adolf Hitler was
Urban Transportation Policy Evolution
Effects of War
The Wall Street Crash was the main reason Hitler got into power
AtherosclerosisAtherosclerosis of cholesterin to create up within the
A review of the film Bait
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GaN from certain direction pressure or tension, the
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Unit 2 Individual Project
Emerging the market. However, there are many reasons
Arms and the Man
I'm Elaine!


LOS ANGELES - I continue to be captivated by the popularity and the longevity of the Star Trek phenomenon. It remains a pervasive factor in my life, whether professionally, personally or in my public service activities. And this gift has serendipitously expanded my horizon and enriched my life.
A direct professional tie-in can be viewed on February 18th when an episode of "V.I.P." starring Pamela Anderson is aired on the Fox network. I play the voice of an omniscient super computer that was programmed by a brilliant techno-genius who is a fervent Captain Sulu fan. Hence, my casting as the voice of the computer.
The Star Trek conventions, of course, keep on trekking. My first convention of this year was in the charming city of Portland, Oregon. It was a lively gathering on a cold, damp weekend. Long-time fans mingled with a growing number of young, first-time conventioneers. And, as well, the con gave me the chance to indulge my preservationist interest and again explore the imaginatively restored turn-of-the-century historic district of Portland.
I did voice work last week on a feature film project, cryptically titled, "Noon Blue Apple." I play a mysterious voice that haunts the mind of the lead character. No direct Star Trek connection here other than the fact that the director knew of my work from the original series.
But Star Trek has also afforded me the opportunity to contribute more effectively in a myriad of other areas not related to my professional career. This month, I was honored to serve as the star of a fund-raising dinner to help build a planetarium on the campus of Long Beach City College. With this facility, young students will be able to expand their study of the heavens and let their imaginations soar to the stars. Clearly, without the Star Trek association, I would not have been able to support this important cause as effectively as I was able.
On another occasion this month, I addressed a group of young interns at the Japanese American National Museum on volunteerism. Here again, I was able to connect with them more successfully as Captain Sulu of Star Trek than as the Chairman of the Board of the Museum.
We have a mayoral election coming up this spring in the city of Los Angeles, my hometown. I am supporting the former Speaker of the California Assembly, Antonio Villaraigosa. I know that I was asked to speak at his press conference largely because of the draw of my Star Trek linkage. As well, when I spoke at the Japanese seniors' intermediate care facility, Keiro Services, Star Trek combined with my association with the Japanese American National Museum, were the factors that attracted the large audience of seniors. I chatted with one lady who was 104 years old. She was born in 1896 - having lived in three centuries! In so many unexpected ways, my association with Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry's visionary creation has opened doors that have expanded my life horizon.
But when any hint of self-importance might begin to creep into me and I start believing that my Star Trek association is free entrée to anything, a humbling reminder always seems to bring me back to reality.
This month, my niece, Akemi Takei, sportscaster for KING-TV in Seattle, got married to David Louchheim, a radio sportscaster, on a beautiful beach in Maui, Hawaii. It was a singularly romantic affair, the bride and groom barefoot, with waves crashing in on lava rock outcroppings behind them. The reception was held at a hilltop restaurant overlooking the Wailea Country Club and the turquoise blue Pacific beyond. As we sipped cocktails, nibbled hors d'oeuvres and waited for the sun to set, I slowly became aware of a generational divide. The parents of my niece and David's friends were thrilled to meet me. They were eager to have their pictures taken with me. They told me they were long-time Star Trek fans from back in their college days. The young people, however -- Akemi and David's friends -- were gracious and friendly but rather blase. In fact, some weren't really that familiar with Star Trek. They, I realized, were the post-Star Trek generation. The passage of time brings with it the larger context of life.
I was forcefully reminded again of the larger context of life on a hike into the crater of the now-dormant volcano, Haleakala on Maui. The crater is vast. And it is heart-stoppingly beautiful. There is a narrow, lava gravel trail that leads down to the bottom. It was irresistible. I had to go down into it. As I tramped down the sere landscape, rich with the burnt colors of inert lava, I imagined what this scene must have been like millennia ago. It was, we were told by a ranger, an inferno of blasting, bubbling, molten red lava. For centuries it spewed up flaming magma from the belly of the earth forming the island of Maui. This place was a hellhole of exploding liquid fire. But now, it was dead calm. Only this scorched and arid crater of unearthly colors remains.
As I huffed and puffed my way back up to the volcano's rim - 10,000-feet above sea level -- I thought of the ardent excitement of the middle-aged Star Trek fans of the evening before, and, in contrast, the nonchalant affability of their children. Intense fire and cool, youthful calm. There didn't seem to be that much difference between the human generations and geologic time.


After releasing his DJ Altims assisted remix of Khalid's "Location" and debuting "Alarm" under his Black Excellence Records label in 2018, Timmy Knight already established himself as an Afropop talent with a liking for blending EDM and R&B influences. His latest single, "Afrofire", sees him embrace R&B's sultry sentiments for an easy going Afropop number that celebrates his love interest.
Timmy Knight's languid vocals pushes the mid-tempo beat produced with mid-tempo drums and atmospheric synth harmonies toward blue-eyed soul, singing "Oh Darling You Got Me Right/ So You Stole My Heart Girl". Boybreed contributes a verse, adding an assertive attribute to "Afrofire"'s charm with lyrics that state plainly his raunchy intentions; "I Want Love/ I Want You In My Bed". And while Timmy Knight's lyrics are more dreamy, his delivery also carries a seductive conviction.
You can stream "Afrofire" below.


Why Men Cheat - Finally the answer you've been wanting to know!
Why Men Cheat - Is It In His Nature To Be Unfaithful?
Why Men Cheat is a question that an overwhelming amount of women would love to know the answer to. The reason the number is so overwhelming is because of course, most of those same women have been cheated on in some point of a committed relationship.
Why does an obese person eat chocolate when they are restricted from doing so?
Why did YOU eat that bowl of ice cream when you knew you shouldn't have?
You see, we are all faced with decisions that that our brains know we shouldn't do, but we are still compelled to do because of the "feel" good that we anticipate.
Dating back in history man was faced to go out, after the women and children were put to sleep to hunt in order to provide for his family. They also had the responsibility of spreading their "seed" so that the tribe could survive, and their "animal instincts" helped them to do this.
In nature, animals procreate with many different partners and it is accepted and part of their life cycle.
In Society, we are supposed to be faithful and committed to one and only one. Animal instincts sometimes come into play, and societies' rules are out the window! Men that are more cerebral and analytic are able to think things through as to why they shouldn't cheat. But the more impulsive and spontaneous a man is, the more chance that he will act on those urges.
Now throw in outside influences and that chocolate is sure looking good.
Below you will find few of the main reasons why men cheat.
Biology - a man is almost pre-programmed to seek and find so that they can pro-create. They are taught to conform to the rules of society, but sometimes the "animal instincts" come out. This teamed with some of other outside influences and he is doing what he was meant to do! OK, I know there is no excuse for cheating, but there are biological factors that are embedded.
Feed his man ego – Yup, there is such a thing as "Man Ego" and sometimes it calls out "FEED ME! FEED ME!" and guess what, here comes that tray of you know what!
Bored in a relationship – Many couples are guilty on giving up on all the things that they fell in love for. Without realizing it, the thing they do the most is argue and bicker. Well, this can get old for both partners, but since we are talking about why men cheat, I will say that this opens up a man's mind to explore what really is out there. Even though it may seem easy enough to just share with their partner what they are missing, they go out hunting to fulfill their needs that have been misplaced at home. Sometimes what they are looking for is emotional and other times it's strictly to fulfill their sexual desires.
Gratification – men are visual creatures that are easily stimulated. In general this is also biological, and the many stimulating encounters drive them to look for that gratification to put them at ease (if you know what I mean!).
While these ARE popular reasons as to why men cheat, they are still not accepted or right.
Because of the importance we as a society have placed on monogamy in general, cheating can destroy families and can wreck havoc on the individual that was betrayed.
I hope this has given you a little bit of insight as to why men cheat, now it's up to you to spot the signs that they are cheating.
No one deserves to be cheated on so hopefully you are in a healthy relationship with a strong man that will fend off the influences that lead to cheating.
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text:
command -v git >/dev/null 2>&1 || { echo "git missing. Make sure it is available before running." >&2; exit 1; };

# Check for key, generate if missing
if [ ! -d "$HOME/.ssh" ]; then
  ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 4096
fi

# If we dont have the dotfiles repo, get it
if [ ! -d "$HOME/repos/dotfiles" ]; then
  mkdir -p $HOME/repos
  git clone git@github.com:fuzzy76/dotfiles.git $HOME/repos/dotfiles
fi

# Change to dotfiles folder and start installation
cd $HOME/repos/dotfiles || exit;
source scripts/install.sh

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Home » Waynesfield group spins musical web
Waynesfield group spins musical web
reporter1@wapakwdn.com
WAPAKONETA, OH
WAYNESFIELD — The W-G Muchinippi Theatre will present Charlotte's Web The Musical this weekend.
The musical follows the plot of the children's novel by E.B. White. It tells the story of a girl's beloved pig, and the friendship it makes with a spider that ultimately saves its life. The community theater show consists of both kids and adults.
"Our main thrust is to give kids an opportunity to perform, and for them to learn about the theater," Producer Pat Noykos said. "It's not a children's theater. There's so much talent in our area — just tons and tons of talent, and we always do something, no matter what, that involves kids."
The musical will be held in the Waynesfield Local School Auditeria Saturday at 7 p.m. and Sunday at 5 p.m. Adult tickets cost $10 at the door, and student tickets cost $5 at the door. Dinner will be available from the music boosters one hour before the plays begins. This includes chicken and noodles, mashed potatoes, green beans and bottled water for $5.
See the full story in the Friday, Sept. 23 edition of the Wapakoneta Daily News.


text:
Q: Verify if $\overrightarrow{w}$ is a linear combination of $\overrightarrow{u}$ and $\overrightarrow{v}$ I am given the following question:

Let $\Vert \overrightarrow{u} \Vert = \Vert \overrightarrow{v} \Vert =
 \Vert \overrightarrow{w} \Vert = 1$ and $\overrightarrow{u} \cdot
 \overrightarrow{v} = \overrightarrow{v} \cdot \overrightarrow{w} =
 \overrightarrow{u} \cdot \overrightarrow{w} = \frac{1}{2}$. Verify if
   $\overrightarrow{w}$ is a linear combination of $\overrightarrow{u}$
   and $\overrightarrow{v}$.

I am not sure how to address the question. What I have so far (and I'm not sure if it is helpful) is
$$
\left( \overrightarrow{u} + \overrightarrow{v} + \overrightarrow{w} \right) \cdot \left( \overrightarrow{u} + \overrightarrow{v} + \overrightarrow{w} \right) = \\
\Vert \overrightarrow{u} \Vert^2 + \Vert \overrightarrow{v} \Vert^2 + \Vert \overrightarrow{w} \Vert^2 + 2 (\overrightarrow{u} \cdot
 \overrightarrow{v} + \overrightarrow{v} \cdot \overrightarrow{w} +
 \overrightarrow{u} \cdot \overrightarrow{w}) = \\
3 + 2(\overrightarrow{u} \cdot
 \overrightarrow{v} + \overrightarrow{v} \cdot \overrightarrow{w} +
 \overrightarrow{u} \cdot \overrightarrow{w}) = 6
$$
Does that prove anything?

A: If
$$w=au+bv$$
Dot product by $u$:
$$\frac{1}{2}=a+b\frac{1}{2}$$
Dot product by $v$:
$$\frac{1}{2}=a\frac{1}{2}+b$$
Hence
$$1=\frac{3}{2}(a+b)$$
$$a+b=\frac{2}{3}$$
But dot product by $w$ gives
$$w\cdot w=1=a\times \frac{1}{2}+b\times \frac{1}{2}$$
$$a+b=2$$
Hence $w$ is not a linear combination of $u$ and $v$.

A: $$
\text{suppose} \quad \overrightarrow{w}=a\overrightarrow{u}+b\overrightarrow{v}. \\
\overrightarrow{u}\cdot \overrightarrow{w}=a+\frac{b}{2}=\frac{1}{2}. \\
\overrightarrow{v}\cdot \overrightarrow{w}=\frac{a}{2}+b=\frac{1}{2}.
$$
Thus, we have $a=b=\frac{1}{3}$, $\|\overrightarrow{w}\|^2=\frac{1}{9}(\|\overrightarrow{u}\|^2+2\overrightarrow{u}\cdot \overrightarrow{v}+\|\overrightarrow{v}\|^2)=\frac{1}{3}\neq 1$. We cannot represent $\overrightarrow{w}$ as the linear combination of $\overrightarrow{u}$ and $\overrightarrow{v}$

A: Since $\|\overrightarrow{u}\| = 1, \|\overrightarrow{v}\| = 1, |u\cdot v| = \frac{1}{2}$, it follows that $\overrightarrow{u} \neq \overrightarrow{v}$. The vector $\overrightarrow{w}$ is a linear combination of $\overrightarrow{u}, \overrightarrow{v}$ if and only if the vector triple product $\overrightarrow{w}\times(\overrightarrow{u} \times \overrightarrow{v}) = 0$. But
\begin{equation*}
\overrightarrow{w}\times(\overrightarrow{u} \times \overrightarrow{v}) = (\overrightarrow{w}\cdot \overrightarrow{v}) \overrightarrow{u} -(\overrightarrow{w}\cdot\overrightarrow{u})\overrightarrow{v} = \frac{1}{2}(\overrightarrow{u}-\overrightarrow{v}) \neq 0
\end{equation*}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
package com.google.idea.blaze.base.sync.libraries;

import static com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList.toImmutableList;
import static com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap.toImmutableMap;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
import com.google.idea.blaze.base.model.BlazeProjectData;
import com.google.idea.blaze.base.scope.BlazeContext;
import com.google.idea.blaze.base.sync.BlazeSyncPlugin;
import com.google.idea.blaze.base.sync.SyncListener;
import com.google.idea.blaze.base.sync.SyncMode;
import com.google.idea.blaze.base.sync.SyncResult;
import com.google.idea.blaze.base.sync.data.BlazeProjectDataManager;
import com.google.idea.blaze.base.vcs.VcsSyncListener;
import com.google.idea.common.util.Transactions;
import com.intellij.openapi.Disposable;
import com.intellij.openapi.diagnostic.Logger;
import com.intellij.openapi.project.Project;
import com.intellij.openapi.roots.AdditionalLibraryRootsProvider;
import com.intellij.openapi.roots.ex.ProjectRootManagerEx;
import com.intellij.openapi.vfs.VirtualFile;
import com.intellij.openapi.vfs.newvfs.events.VFileDeleteEvent;
import com.intellij.openapi.vfs.newvfs.events.VFileEvent;
import com.intellij.vfs.AsyncVfsEventsPostProcessor;
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;

/**
 * External library manager that rebuilds {@link BlazeExternalSyntheticLibrary}s during sync, and
 * updates individual {@link VirtualFile} entries in response to VFS events.
 */
public class ExternalLibraryManager implements Disposable {

  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getInstance(ExternalLibraryManager.class);
  private final Project project;
  private volatile boolean duringBlazeSync;
  private volatile ImmutableMap<
          Class<? extends BlazeExternalLibraryProvider>, BlazeExternalSyntheticLibrary>
      libraries;

  public static ExternalLibraryManager getInstance(Project project) {
    return project.getService(ExternalLibraryManager.class);
  }

  ExternalLibraryManager(Project project) {
    this.project = project;
    this.duringBlazeSync = false;
    this.libraries = ImmutableMap.of();
    AsyncVfsEventsPostProcessor.getInstance()
        .addListener(
            events -> {
              if (duringBlazeSync || libraries.isEmpty()) {
                return;
              }
              ImmutableList<VirtualFile> deletedFiles =
                  events.stream()
                      .filter(VFileDeleteEvent.class::isInstance)
                      .map(VFileEvent::getFile)
                      .collect(toImmutableList());
              if (!deletedFiles.isEmpty()) {
                libraries.values().forEach(library -> library.removeInvalidFiles(deletedFiles));
              }
            },
            this);
  }

  @Nullable
  public BlazeExternalSyntheticLibrary getLibrary(
      Class<? extends BlazeExternalLibraryProvider> providerClass) {
    return duringBlazeSync ? null : libraries.get(providerClass);
  }

  private void initialize(BlazeProjectData projectData) {
    this.libraries =
        AdditionalLibraryRootsProvider.EP_NAME
            .extensions()
            .filter(BlazeExternalLibraryProvider.class::isInstance)
            .map(BlazeExternalLibraryProvider.class::cast)
            .map(
                provider -> {
                  ImmutableList<File> files = provider.getLibraryFiles(project, projectData);
                  return !files.isEmpty()
                      ? Maps.immutableEntry(
                          provider.getClass(),
                          new BlazeExternalSyntheticLibrary(provider.getLibraryName(), files))
                      : null;
                })
            .filter(Objects::nonNull)
            .collect(toImmutableMap(Map.Entry::getKey, Map.Entry::getValue));
  }

  @Override
  public void dispose() {}

  /**
   * Sync listener to prevent external libraries from being accessed during sync to avoid spamming
   * {@link VirtualFile#isValid()} errors.
   */
  static class StartSyncListener implements SyncListener {
    @Override
    public void onSyncStart(Project project, BlazeContext context, SyncMode syncMode) {
      ExternalLibraryManager.getInstance(project).duringBlazeSync = true;
    }

    @Override
    public void afterSync(
        Project project,
        BlazeContext context,
        SyncMode syncMode,
        SyncResult syncResult,
        ImmutableSet<Integer> buildIds) {
      ExternalLibraryManager manager = ExternalLibraryManager.getInstance(project);
      if (syncMode.mayAttachExternalLibraries()) {
        BlazeProjectData blazeProjectData =
            BlazeProjectDataManager.getInstance(project).getBlazeProjectData();
        if (blazeProjectData != null) {
          manager.initialize(blazeProjectData);
          manager.duringBlazeSync = false;
          if (!manager.libraries.isEmpty()) {
            // TODO(b/192431174): Consider not triggering `project roots have changed` events.
            logger.info(
                "External libraries have been attached to the project. Triggering a `project roots"
                    + " have changed` event so the external libraries can be indexed.");
            Transactions.submitWriteActionTransaction(
                manager,
                () ->
                    ProjectRootManagerEx.getInstanceEx(project)
                        .makeRootsChange(() -> {}, /* fileTypes= */ false, /* fireEvents= */ true));
          }
        }
      }
      manager.duringBlazeSync = false;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Sync plugin to rebuild external libraries during sync to be included in the reindexing
   * operation.
   */
  static class SyncPlugin implements BlazeSyncPlugin {
    @Override
    public boolean refreshExecutionRoot(Project project, BlazeProjectData blazeProjectData) {
      ExternalLibraryManager manager = ExternalLibraryManager.getInstance(project);
      manager.initialize(blazeProjectData);
      manager.duringBlazeSync = false;
      return true;
    }
  }

  static class VcsListener implements VcsSyncListener {
    @Override
    public void onVcsSync(Project project) {
      ExternalLibraryManager.getInstance(project)
          .libraries
          .values()
          .forEach(BlazeExternalSyntheticLibrary::restoreMissingFiles);
    }
  }
}


text:
Tag: #publicspending
A difficult winter ahead for the public finances
23 December 2020: The UK public sector incurred a £31.6bn deficit in November, bringing the total shortfall over eight months to £240.9bn. Debt reached an all-time high of £2.1tn.
Commenting on the latest public sector finances for November 2020, published on Tuesday 22 December 2020 by the Office for National Statistics (ONS), Alison Ring sector director at ICAEW, said:
"A slightly more optimistic forecast for GDP from the Office for Budget Responsibility last month resulted in the UK's debt to GDP ratio being revised downwards, despite public sector debt having reached an all-time high of £2.1tn in November. However, this optimism may prove to have been premature, with reports suggesting another national lockdown in the new year and disruption in international trade foretelling a potentially difficult winter ahead for the economy and the public finances.
Prospects for the spring will depend on how quickly the vaccine can be rolled out, whether testing and tracing can deliver rapid and reliable results, and the extent to which disruption at borders now and after 1 January can be minimised."
Public sector finances for November
The latest public sector finances reported a deficit of £31.6bn in November 2020, a cumulative total of £240.9bn for the first eight months of the financial year. This is £188.6bn more than the £52.3bn recorded for the same period last year.
Falls in VAT, corporation tax and income tax drove lower receipts, while large-scale fiscal interventions resulted in much higher levels of expenditure. Net investment is greater than last year, as planned, while the interest line has benefited from ultra-low interest rates.
Public sector net debt increased to £2,099.8bn or 99.5% of GDP, an increase of £301.6bn from the start of the financial year and £303.0bn higher than in November 2019. This reflects £60.7bn of additional borrowing over and above the deficit, most of which has been used to fund coronavirus loans to business and tax deferral measures.
The combination of receipts down 8%, expenditure up 29% and net investment up 26% has resulted in a deficit for the eight months to November 2020 that is over four times the budgeted deficit of £55bn for the whole of the 2020-21 financial year set in the Spring Budget in March, despite interest charges being lower by 26%. The cumulative deficit is approaching five times as much as for the same eight-month period last year.
Cash funding (the 'public sector net cash requirement') for the month was £20.7bn, bringing the cumulative total this financial year to £295.8bn, compared with £14.9bn for the same eight-month period in 2019.
Interest costs have fallen despite much higher levels of debt, with extremely low interest rates benefiting both new borrowing to fund government cash requirements and borrowing to refinance existing debts as they have been repaid.
The deficit remains on track to approach the £393.5bn forecast for the financial year to March 2021 by the Office for Budget Responsibility in the Spending Review once bad debts not yet recognised on coronavirus loans are included.
Upwards revisions to GDP based on the latest Office for Budget Responsibility forecasts have reduced the debt to GDP ratio for this and previous months to below 100% of GDP. However, the likelihood of a further national lockdown in the new year and for disruption in international trade with the end of the EU transition period could depress prospects for GDP growth in 2021.
Caution is needed with respect to the numbers published by the ONS, which are expected to be repeatedly revised as estimates are refined and gaps in the underlying data are filled.
The ONS made a number of revisions to prior month and prior year fiscal numbers to reflect revisions to estimates and changes in methodology. These had the effect of reducing the reported fiscal deficit in the first seven months from the £214.9bn reported last time to £209.3bn and increasing the reported deficit for 2019-20 from £56.1bn to £57.4bn.
This article was originally published by ICAEW.
Posted on 2020-12-23 2021-01-09 Categories ICAEW articleTags #chartoftheweek, #deficit, #publicdebt, #publicfinances, #publicspendingLeave a comment on A difficult winter ahead for the public finances
Test and trace in England falls short despite £22bn budget
11 December 2020: Despite achieving significant increases in testing activity, the Department of Health and Social Care's test and trace service failed to meet recommended effectiveness rates, according to the NAO.
The rapid scale-up of COVID-19 test and trace service saw 23 million tests carried out, 630,000 of 850,000 people testing positive reached and 1.4 million of their contacts traced up to 4 November. However, at 66% the close contact trace rate is below the 80% needed to be effective.
The National Audit Office (NAO) has issued an interim report on the NHS Test and Trace Service set up by the Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC or the Department) to test for COVID-19 and to trace close contacts of those testing positive.
The NAO reports that between 28 May and 4 November 2020, only 41% of test results were provided within the target time of 24 hours and only 66% of close contacts of those testing positive were reached and asked to self-isolate, compared with the 80% rate recommended by the Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE) for an effective test and trace system.
Test and trace programmes are a core public health response in epidemics that can be used with other measures, such as social distancing, barriers (such as masks) and handwashing, to reduce infections. At the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, Public Health England carried out comprehensive testing and tracing on the relatively low numbers of initial infections, but this was suspended at the start of the first national lockdown in mid-March. The Department scaled-up testing capacity from April onwards and on 28 May 2020 launched the NHS Test and Trace Service covering England.
The NAO's key findings include:
The Department has achieved significant increases in testing activity, set up a national contact tracing service scratch and has tested millions of people.
The delivery model chosen for the national test and trace programme, which excluded local public health teams from the response, was only documented in a retrospective business case written in September 2020.
The Department spent £4bn up to October 2020, around £2bn less than forecast, due to underspending on laboratories, machines and mass testing. The total budget for 2020-21 is now £22bn with a significant expansion in mass testing planned in the remaining months of the financial year ending in March 2021.
407 contracts worth £7bn have been signed with 217 public and private organisations, with a further 154 contracts worth £16bn expected to be signed by next March (this includes spend going into the next financial year). An internal government review of test and trace systems in 15 other countries confirmed that the UK approach was atypical, as although some countries had used private sector outsourcing to increase testing capacity, none had done so to increase tracing capacity, which was generally built up from existing public health expertise.
Connecting discrete services provided by different organisations into an effective end-to-end process has been challenging, with the initial focus on creating a 'minimum viable process' shifting to refining, integrating and stabilising the process so it operates reliably at scale.
Accountability is unclear, with the executive chair of the test and trace service reporting directly to the Prime Minister and the Cabinet Secretary, bypassing normal reporting lines within the Department.
There are now 593 testing sites and 15 laboratories, with plans to add a further 15 lighthouse laboratories and two high-capacity 'mega-laboratories' in January 2021. Testing capacity expanded rapidly in line with the public target of 500,000 available tests per day on 31 October, but the average number of tests since May has been only 68% of capacity, below the 85% expected level. The ambition is to increase testing capacity to 800,000 tests a day by the end of January.
Turnaround of test results peaked in June with 93% of community (pillar 2) test results provided in 24 hours, but this had deteriorated to 14% around mid-October before improving to 38% by the beginning of November. Turnaround times for hospital and care homes have consistently been about 90%, albeit measured on a different basis.
The Department did not plan for a sharp rise in testing demand in early autumn when schools and universities reopened, resulting in the number of tests available being limited, longer turnaround times and extra assistance being commissioned.
Initial problems in sharing data with local authorities have now been largely resolved, but there are a number of significant data risks to be managed pending a planned upgrade of contact tracing software scheduled for January 2021.
High reported levels of non-compliance with self-isolation rules represent a key risk to the success of test and trace, and national and local government have been trying to increase public engagement.
The NAO concludes by commenting that although a rapid scale-up in activity has been achieved with new infrastructure and capacity built from scratch, issues with implementation and potentially the initial choice of delivery model mean that the government is not yet achieving its objectives.
The NAO also highlights the most significant risks remaining, including in how to increase utilisation of testing capacity, manage spikes in testing demand and expand the use of local authority public health teams. There are challenges to be overcome in delivering mass testing across the country, increasing public engagement to improve compliance with self-isolation and in ensuring contracts awarded contain sufficient flexibility to respond to changing requirements at reasonable cost.
Finally, the NAO stresses the importance of embedding strong and sustainable management structures, controls and lines of accountability, addressing arrangements where accountability does not clearly align with organisational and strategic objectives in other aspects of the government's COVID-19 response.
Alison Ring, director for public sector at ICAEW, commented: "While the need to move quickly in response to an out-of-control pandemic was always likely to prove extremely challenging, the NAO has highlighted how consequential the initial decisions made under pressure can be.
The NAO hints (without being explicit) that the choice to exclude local public health teams and local expertise from the initial roll-out of national test and tracing was a major mistake that the government is still struggling to recover from. They also do not sound entirely comfortable with the governance arrangements for the test and trace service and intend to look at value-for-money and contract management in their second report expected in spring 2021.
Despite an eye-watering £22bn price tag, the investment in test and trace will be worthwhile if it saves lives ahead of the roll-out of vaccines and enables restrictions on our freedom and on economic activity to be lifted as quickly as possible in 2021."
This article was originally published on the ICAEW website.
Posted on 2020-12-11 2020-12-11 Categories ICAEW articleTags #coronavirus, #covid, #nao, #nhs, #publicfinancialmanagement, #publicspending, #testandtraceLeave a comment on Test and trace in England falls short despite £22bn budget
ICAEW chart of the week: Spending Review 2020
In the wake of the government's Spending Review, this week's chart focuses on the bigger picture and looks at the scale of public spending in relation to the size of the overall economy.
There was a lot of substance in the Spending Review 2020 announced this week, with a lot more going on under the surface with – for example – the launch of the National Infrastructure Strategy. However, we thought we would focus on the bigger picture for the #icaewchartoftheweek and to look at the scale of public spending in relation to the size of the overall economy.
Of course, the current financial year has seen a massive expansion in the amount of public spending – up from £884bn or 39.8% of GDP of £2,218bn in 2019-20 to a revised budget of £1,165bn or 56.3% of GDP of £2,069bn. The combination of higher spending and a smaller economy this year makes for an eye-watering percentage.
Next financial year will see further COVID support measures adding to public spending, but the key takeaway from the chart is that public spending is expected to persist at around 42% of GDP from 2022-23 onwards, reflecting a permanently smaller economy following the pandemic combined with slightly higher spending in real terms. This is 2% higher than the just under 40% seen in 2019-20 and 3%-4% higher than the 38%-39% longer-run average.
Around half of the increase in departmental spending seen in the chart relates to capital investment in line with the government's infrastructure plans, while the remainder relates to operational spending with more for health, education and defence being partially offset by the reduction in development spending and the one-off public sector pay freeze.
With scope for substantial reductions in public spending seen to be limited, there are two main routes for covering this increase in costs – economic growth to boost the size of the economy or higher taxes. The government will be hoping that its increase in capital investment will help to deliver on the former, but it appears increasingly likely that tax rises will be needed over the course of the coming decade.
This chart was originally published on the ICAEW website.
Posted on 2020-11-27 2020-12-06 Categories #icaewchartoftheweekTags #chartoftheweek, #publicfinances, #publicspending, #spendingreview, #welfareLeave a comment on ICAEW chart of the week: Spending Review 2020
Spending Review 2020: public finances dominated by COVID aftermath
26 November 2020: The Office for Budget Responsibility presented its latest economic and fiscal forecasts to accompany yesterday's Spending Review. As expected, the forecasts were far from pretty.
In its latest economic and fiscal outlook, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) confirmed that economic and fiscal damage from the pandemic is severe and will have a lasting effect.
The fiscal watchdog now expects to see a sea of red ink across the first half of the coming decade: a £394bn deficit (19% of GDP) this year and the UK still running a fiscal deficit of over £100bn in five years' time. This will be a decade after the point at which a previous Chancellor, George Osborne, hoped to have eliminated the deficit completely.
This is the highest ever fiscal deficit experienced in peacetime by the UK and reflects an additional £21bn for the cost of extending the furlough scheme across the winter and £30bn in anticipated write-offs of CBILS and other lending packages.
The fiscal pain is expected to continue into the next financial year starting on 1 April 2021, with the government planning an additional £55bn in COVID-related spending. This is offset to an extent by £10bn in lower departmental budgets, partly as a consequence of the one-year public sector pay freeze. The government says that despite this, 'core day-to-day department spending' is growing at 3.8% a year on average in real terms from 2019-20 to 2021-22.
Deficit to remain high for years to come
Table 1 below highlights how the deficit is forecast to be £164bn next year and to remain at over £100bn over the rest of the forecast period. This is despite GDP recovering in 2021-22 to the same level as last year (about 4% lower once inflation is taken into account) with the Chancellor hoping for strong growth to continue into 2022-23 before returning to trend after that.
The Spending Review boasts that it includes £100bn of central government capital investment in 2021-22, a £27bn real-terms increase compared with 2019-20. This reflects planned increases in previous budgets, with no new funding included in yesterday's announcement. There are concerns about how deliverable the government's capital investment plans are, with the OBR increasing its estimate for capital budget underspends and scaling back expectations of local authority and public corporation capital expenditure by £4bn in 2021-22 and by £3bn in subsequent years. These are both likely to reduce any positive impact that may come from the £4bn 'levelling up fund' announced by the Chancellor
Table 2 summarises the changes between the pre-pandemic forecasts presented in the Spring Budget in March 2020 and the latest forecasts published yesterday.
Table 3 illustrates how debt is expected to increase from £1.8tn in March 2020 to £2.3tn in March 2021 and to continue to grow to £2.8tn by March 2026, in excess of 100% of GDP throughout the next five years.
Fortunately for the government, the cost of the additional borrowing required to fund the deficit has continued to fall dramatically, with central government debt interest falling from £37bn in 2019-20 to £18bn in 2021-22, before gradually rising to £29bn in 2025-26.
Martin Wheatcroft FCA, external adviser to ICAEW on public finances, commented: "The Spending Review was pretty much as expected, with COVID-related spending extended into the next financial year and the trailed public sector pay freeze allowing the government to maintain its capital investment ambitions.
However, buried in the detail is an expectation by the OBR that it will be difficult to deliver those plans on schedule. Combined with lower capital expenditure by local government and public corporations, the hoped-for economic boost could prove elusive.
With the spending side buttoned-down for now, the focus will move to how the Chancellor plans to close the gap between receipts and spending, with the prospect of tax rises on the horizon. It is important the government takes this opportunity to develop a long-term fiscal strategy to address the long-term unsustainability of the public finances that needed addressing even before the pandemic added to the scale of the challenge."
Posted on 2020-11-26 2020-12-06 Categories ICAEW articleTags #publicfinances, #publicsectorinvestment, #publicspending, #spendingreview, #ukeconomyLeave a comment on Spending Review 2020: public finances dominated by COVID aftermath
What is tomorrow's Spending Review all about?
Major fiscal events can be confusing for those not familiar with the public finances – this brief explainer may help.
The primary purpose of the Spending Review announcement tomorrow by the Chancellor will be to set out the UK Government's departmental spending plans for the 2020-21 financial year that starts on 1 April 2021, but there is a lot more going on than that.
Before going further, it is important to distinguish between the one-year Spending Review that will be presented and the three-year Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) that was originally planned. The CSR has unfortunately been deferred until next year because of the uncertain economic outlook following the arrival of the coronavirus, with the Chancellor Rishi Sunak choosing to set department budgets for only the coming financial year. These budgets will have been based on bids submitted by each department that will have been pared back following extensive negotiations across Whitehall.
The process for establishing multi-year departmental budgets has now been deferred for the third year running, with the calling of the General Election last year resulting in Sajid Javid's one-year Spending Round in 2019 and Brexit-related uncertainty resulting in one-year departmental spending allocations within Philip Hammond's 2018 Budget. Although perhaps understandable on each individual occasion, the lack of medium-budget certainty for several years is far from ideal in terms of good financial management!
An important innovation last year was the setting of departmental capital budgets for two years rather than just one to provide greater certainty around capital programmes with long lead times. We are anticipating this will also be the case this time, although ICAEW has suggested extending capital budgets a further year in our letter to the Chief Secretary to the Treasury (the minister within HM Treasury with responsibility for public spending) in order to provide more certainty for long-term infrastructure projects.
Another exception to the shorter time horizon for this year's Spending Review is the multi-year settlement for the Ministry of Defence announced last Thursday, which provides an additional £4bn a year over the next four years on top of the existing commitment to increase the defence budget by 0.5% in excess of inflation. This will underpin the Integrated Defence & Security Review expected to be published in early 2021.
Although headlined as a spending announcement, tomorrow's statement will also constitute one of the two annual fiscal events where the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) is required by law to publish its Economic and Fiscal Outlook (EFO) containing financial forecasts for the next five years. These are not expected to be very pretty, with the coronavirus pandemic spreading red ink across not only the public finances this year, but also dragging down expected revenues and increasing spending in future years. These forecasts will also be much more uncertain than is normal, which might be one reason the Chancellor has not chosen to describe this event as an Autumn Statement.
The EFO will cover not only planned spending by central government departments – known as departmental expenditure limits (DEL) – but also welfare, interest and other types of expenditure driven by economic conditions – known as annually managed expenditure (AME). Combined with expectations for tax and other receipts in 2020-21, it will roll these forecasts forward a further four years to 2024-25 to provide a five-year forecast for the fiscal deficit (the shortfall between receipts and spending) and public debt. There will be even greater caveats than normal not only in the forecasts but also in the estimate for the remainder of the current financial year.
This is not a full-blown Budget and so we do not expect to see many permanent tax changes beyond a few that were announced last week, although the Chancellor could take this opportunity to extend some temporary tax measures in addition to the extension of £1m Annual Investment Allowance temporary cap to the end of 2021. For example, he is likely to be considering whether or not to extend relief from business rates currently scheduled to end in March 2021 into the next financial year. There could also be an announcement about National Insurance thresholds for next year.
Fiscal events are often accompanied by other publications, with the long-delayed National Infrastructure Strategy anticipated to set out how the Government plans to deliver the 'Ten Point Plan for a Green Industrial Revolution' announced by the Prime Minister last week. Making the Government's ambitious infrastructure investment plans a reality will take a lot more than just allocating money in a Spending Review spreadsheet; it will also be critical to have a clear strategy, faster decision making, strong delivery capabilities, and the right framework for attracting private sector investment. ICAEW's response to the Infrastructure Finance Review last year addressed many of these issues.
Other updates are likely to include a revised remit for the Debt Management Office (DMO) to raise funds over the course of the rest of the financial year and progress reports on HM Treasury projects such as the Balance Sheet Review.
In summary, Wednesday's announcement will still be very important despite the delay in the Budget until the spring and the deferral of the CSR to next year.
Term Description
Spending Review On this occasion, the setting of budgets for central government departments for 2021-22 and capital budgets for 2021-22 and 2022-23.
2020-21 The current financial year – from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021.
2021-22 The next financial year – from 1 April 2021 to 31 March 2022.
Autumn or Spring Statement The second major fiscal event each year after the Budget at which the Chancellor presents an update on the public finances. This can sometimes include new tax and spending measures but is not required to. Tomorrow's announcement is technically an Autumn Statement in addition to the Spending Review.
Budget The primary fiscal event each year in which the Chancellor of the Exchequer sets out plans for tax, spending and borrowing to finance government activities for the coming financial year and medium-term forecasts for the public finances. The Budget planned for this autumn was postponed until March 2021.
Chancellor of the Exchequer Rishi Sunak MP, the cabinet minister and head of HM Treasury responsible for the economic matters and for the public finances.
Chief Secretary to the Treasury Steve Barclay MP, the most senior minister at HM Treasury after the Chancellor, with primary responsibility for public spending and for negotiating the Spending Review with departments.
Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) A multi-year set of departmental operating and capital budgets, typically covering three years. A CSR was planned for 2020 but has been delayed until next year.
Debt Public sector net debt (PSND) is the primary measure of financial position used by the Government within the National Accounts. It comprises debt owed to external parties less cash and other liquid financial assets and excludes some debt-like liabilities such as private-finance initiative embedded lease obligations and non-liquid loan receivables. The majority of public debt is raised by the Debt Management Office (DMO) selling government bonds (principally gilts) to professional investors. National Savings & Investments also raises money by taking retail deposits from the public.
Deficit The fiscal deficit, officially known as public sector net borrowing (PSNB), is the primary measure of financial performance used by the Government. It is the shortfall between receipts and total managed expenditure calculated in accordance with statistics-based National Accounts rules. Despite its official name it does not equal the movement in public sector net debt as it excludes borrowing for other purposes (such as to fund lending to businesses) in addition to cash timing differences. The Government uses a modified form of the deficit that excludes the state-owned NatWest Group (formerly The Royal Bank of Scotland).
DEL and AME Department expenditure limits and annually managed expenditure, being the two categories government spending is divided into. DEL comprises programme and administration costs incurred by central government departments, while AME consists of other types of expenditure such as welfare, interest, devolved administrations, local government and a number of other activities. DEL and AME are both net of ancillary income such as fees and charges and are measured in accordance with UK Government-specific 'resource accounting' rules that differ from both operating and capital expenditure reported in financial statements under International Financial Reporting Standards and the fiscal numbers reported in the National Accounts under international statistical standards.
Resource DEL and Resource AME The government equivalent of expenditure, net of ancillary income.
Capital DEL and Capital AME The government equivalent of capital expenditure, net of proceeds from the sale of assets.
Economic and Fiscal Outlook (EFO) A set of economic and financial forecasts prepared by the independent Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR) that combines extrapolations of government spending plans from the most recent Spending Review with projections for tax and other receipts, welfare spending, interest and other costs. The fiscal forecast usually comprises a revised estimate for the current financial year and projections for the next five financial years based on the economic assumptions determined by the OBR.
Economic growth An increase in GDP in excess of the GDP deflator.
GDP Gross Domestic Product, an estimate of the total value of transactions within the UK economy.
GDP deflator A measure of inflation across all sectors of the economy (including government) that is used in the economic and fiscal forecasts. It differs from other measures of inflation such as the consumer price index (CPI), the consumer-price index including housing (CPIH) and the retail prices index (RPI).
Public sector The UK Government and the Scottish, Welsh and Northern Irish devolved administrations and bodies they directly control (central government), regional and local authorities, police & crime commissioners, fire services, Transport for London and bodies they control (local government), and the Bank of England and government-owned businesses (public corporations).
Supply Estimates The formal process of obtaining Parliamentary approval for government spending each year. These convert the budgets agreed with the Treasury for both DEL and AME each year and convert them into a formal legal authorisation to incur expenditure. Supplementary Supply Estimates during the course of the financial year are sometimes needed if budgets need to be adjusted upwards.
Total managed expenditure (TME) The combination of expenditure and net investment (capital expenditure less depreciation) measured in accordance with the statistics-based National Accounts rules.
Whole of Government Accounts (WGA) Consolidated financial statements for the public sector prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards. The WGA recognises a wider range of assets and liabilities than are reported in the fiscal numbers and an accounting loss that includes long-term pension costs, nuclear decommissioning, clinical negligence and other costs that are excluded from the fiscal deficit.
Posted on 2020-11-24 2020-12-06 Categories ICAEW articleTags #publicfinances, #publicspending, #spendingreviewLeave a comment on What is tomorrow's Spending Review all about?
COVID tips Croydon Council over the edge into bankruptcy
17 November 2020: Croydon Council has gone into section 114 'bankruptcy' following years of overspending, losses on commercial investments and the effects of the coronavirus pandemic. What went wrong?
Croydon Council issued a section 114 notice on Wednesday 11 November 2020, the first local authority to do so since Northamptonshire County Council went bust in 2018.
The move by Lisa Taylor, Croydon's finance director and section 151 officer, followed pre-pandemic losses of £163m in 2019-20 and £221m in 2018-19 and the publication last month of a highly critical public interest report by external auditor Grant Thornton. A central government commissioned governance review is underway.
The public interest report was highly critical of how Croydon Council has run its finances over the last few years, with findings including the use of capital funding to cover operating losses, £545m borrowed over a three-year period – much of which was used to invest in commercial properties – and serious failings in governance in addressing the financial situation facing the council. Grant Thornton reported that General Fund and Earmarked General Fund reserves had reduced from £58.2m at 31 March 2016 to £16.6m at 31 March 2020, and conclude with the following statement:
"Had the Council implemented strong financial governance, responded promptly to our previous recommendations and built up reserves and addressed the overspends in children's and adult social care, it would have been in a stronger position to withstand the financial pressures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The Council needs to urgently address the underlying pressures on service spends and build a more resilient financial position whilst also addressing the long-term financial implications of the capital spending and financing strategy together with the oversight of the Council's group companies."
The section 114 notice places a stop on non-statutory expenditures, resulting in the potential closure of some local services, redundancies to save costs and increasingly strained calls to the Ministry for Housing, Communities & Local Government (MHCLG) asking for a bailout. It highlights a budget gap of at least £30m and additional risks of £37m or more.
Croydon is not alone in suffering from significant cuts in funding over the last decade and cost pressures in adult and child social care provision in particular. However, weak financial governance, a failure to address cost pressures, inadequate reserve levels and increased balance sheet risk from debt-financed commercial property investments have all made it more vulnerable to a crisis.
Although it is perhaps not surprising that Croydon has failed, given the issues highlighted by its external auditors, more section 114 notices are likely over the coming months as even well-run councils struggle to cover income shortfalls.
The government will also be concerned about the number of councils planning to cut local services and investment in their local economies over the next few years, just as it is hoping to rebuild the economy and deliver on its levelling up agenda.
Posted on 2020-11-17 2020-12-06 Categories ICAEW articleTags #councils, #localgov, #publicfinances, #publicspendingLeave a comment on COVID tips Croydon Council over the edge into bankruptcy
ICAEW writes to Chief Secretary on Spending Review priorities
16 November 2020: Alison Ring, ICAEW's director for public sector, has written to the Chief Secretary to the Treasury ahead of the Spending Review to stress the importance of investment in infrastructure, data and financial management.
The government has announced that the Spending Review will take place on 25 November 2020 but with the uncertainties caused by coronavirus, it has decided to restrict this to only one year instead of the previously planned three-year time horizon.
In the letter to Steve Barclay MP, Chief Secretary to the Treasury, ICAEW stresses how vital it is the government moves forward with its ambitious programme of infrastructure investment, and that projects are not delayed by the postponement of the Budget until next year and the reduction of the scope of the Spending Review to one year.
Commenting on the letter Alison Ring OBE FCA, ICAEW's director for public sector said: "The 2020 Spending Review comes at a critical time for the UK and its public finances and will quite rightly focus on the government's current spending plans for the coming financial year starting in April 2021 and capital budgets for the following year. Well-targeted support will be critical to ensure as strong a recovery from the coronavirus pandemic as possible.
Our letter to the Chief Secretary focuses on the importance of budgetary certainty to ensure infrastructure projects are green-lit now rather than risking further delays because of the restriction in Spending Review time horizon. The long-delayed National Infrastructure Strategy is urgently needed if the government's ambitions to level up economic prosperity and deliver carbon neutrality are to be achievable.
The government also has ambitious plans to improve the way government works, with the recently published National Data Strategy setting out how digital innovation will be key. We comment in the letter how the importance of high-quality financial skills, finance processes and risk management to delivering better outcomes and ensuring value for money for taxpayers should not be underestimated. The government does not have the best of records in undertaking major transformation programmes, and we caution the Chief Secretary against under-resourcing the planning stages of these projects.
Finally, we hope that the government will use the delays in the Budget and the later years of the Spending Review to think about the longer term and how to put the public finances on a sustainable path. Even before the pandemic and the huge amounts of additional borrowing being undertaken this year, the Office for Budget Responsibility had reported that the strains on public services, more people living longer, and growing debts and other public liabilities were not being addressed. A comprehensive long-term fiscal strategy is needed to look beyond the immediate and establish a sustainable framework for the public finances for the next quarter of a century."
The letter to the Chief Secretary to the Treasury focuses on three key areas, all of which ICAEW believes are essential to re-balancing economic opportunity and performance across the UK and to achieving carbon neutrality, as well as being key to driving the post-pandemic economic recovery in 2021 and the decade ahead.
Sustainable infrastructure investment
The shortening of the Spending Review period risks causing uncertainty in departmental capital budgets and the potential for further delays in getting infrastructure projects underway. ICAEW believes that establishing capital budgets for 2023-24, as well as 2022-23, would help departments to be confident in carrying out the groundwork for these projects so that they can be implemented as soon as possible.
The National Infrastructure Strategy is more urgent than ever to reduce regional inequalities and deliver on the 'levelling up' agenda.
Data and financial management
ICAEW welcomes the publication of the recent National Data Strategy and the commitment to rethinking how government works set out in the Chief Secretary's speech of 28 July – digital innovation and better use of data will be key to delivering improved public services at a lower cost. However, sufficient resources must be provided to the initial stages of these projects – the experience of ICAEW members is that underinvestment in planning is one of the major causes of project failure.
Relatively small amounts invested in improving the quality of financial information needed to support effective decision-making, in more efficient and effective finance systems and processes, and in enhancing financial controls such as fraud prevention and detection are likely to be paid back many times over.
A long-term fiscal strategy
One benefit of the delay in the Budget and the deferral of the second two years of the Spending Review is the additional time this will give the government time to think about the longer term and how to put the public finances on a sustainable path.
This is more pressing than ever as strains on public services increase, people live longer, and debt and other public sector liabilities continue to grow.
A comprehensive strategy setting out a framework for taxes, welfare and public services over the next quarter of a century would provide an opportunity for sustainable reform to deliver a robust public balance sheet, a more resilient government machine, and a stronger and more prosperous economy.
Posted on 2020-11-16 2020-12-06 Categories ICAEW articleTags #publicfinances, #publicfinancialmanagement, #publicsector, #publicsectorinvestment, #publicspending, #spendingreviewLeave a comment on ICAEW writes to Chief Secretary on Spending Review priorities
Social value an increasingly important element to public procurement
3 November 2020: The Cabinet Office has announced new guidance on procurement for government departments, executive agencies and non-departmental public bodies (quangos), widening the criteria for contract selection to include social value and payment practices.
The social value in procurement model will come into force on 1 January 2021 and is intended to be used by government departments to assess a supplier's social impact. The hope is that this will mean more opportunities for SMEs and social enterprises to win more of the £49bn spent on public contracts each year.
The Cabinet Office stresses that value for money will still be paramount, but by including a bidder's 'social value score' into the assessment of each contract bid, the wider positive benefits provided by businesses can be taken into account, helping to build a more resilient and diverse supplier base.
The social value model, which departments will use to assess contract bids, includes how suppliers are helping local communities recover from the impact of COVID, how they tackle economic inequality, combat climate change and reduce waste, promote equal opportunity, tackle inequality, reduce the disability employment gap, and improve health, wellbeing and community integration.
This was followed up last week by the publication of a further procurement policy note (PPN) on another aspect of supplier behaviour – in this case on whether they are paying their own suppliers on time.
The procurement of many government contracts in excess of £5m per annum will now require suppliers to demonstrate they have paid their own suppliers in accordance with contractual terms and also that they are paying 95% of invoices within 60 days.
If they can't do so – or can't provide an acceptable reason and an action plan to improve –they will be excluded from bidding or renewing contracts outside limited circumstances, such as a civil emergency or non-competitive markets.
Together, these moves indicate an increasing willingness by the Government to use its buying power to promote its economic and social agenda, without – it is hoped – compromising the value for money it obtains on behalf of taxpayers.
Alison Ring, director for public sector at ICAEW, commented: "The Government is the biggest purchaser of goods and services in the UK, but many socially responsible small businesses have struggled to win contracts in the face of competition from much larger businesses with less than stellar records on social and environmental responsibility.
By tipping the scales slightly in their favour, the Government hopes that it can encourage SMEs and social enterprises to compete more effectively in winning public contracts, with the added benefit to departments of diversifying their supplier bases.
Whether these changes in procurement rules will have the desired effect is uncertain. There remain many bureaucratic obstacles in the way of smaller businesses and social enterprises winning public contracts and these are likely to need addressing too if the Government is to achieve its objectives here."
Copies of the new procurement policies can be found on the Cabinet Office website.
PPN 06/20: Taking account of social value in the award of central government contracts
PPN 07/20: Taking account of a bidder's approach to payment in the procurement of major government contracts
Procurement: a tool for social good
Review reveals local government procurement fraud risk
Posted on 2020-11-03 2020-11-07 Categories ICAEW articleTags #publicprocurement, #publicspending, #socialvalueLeave a comment on Social value an increasingly important element to public procurement
ICAEW chart of the week: Half year public spending and receipts
23 October 2020: The gap between spending and receipts widened to £208bn in the half-year to September 2020, significantly greater than the £80bn in the first half of 2009-10 at the height of the financial crisis.
The #icaewchartoftheweek is on UK public spending and receipts in the light of the September 2020 public finance release that reported a fiscal deficit of £208bn for the six months ended 30 September 2020, comprising public spending of £567bn less receipts of £359bn.
The chart illustrates how the shortfall in receipts and public spending of £26bn (public spending £289bn – receipts £263bn) and £14bn (£303bn – £289bn) in the first and second halves of 2006-07 increased to £80bn (£347bn – £267bn) and £78bn (£375bn – £297bn) in 2009-10 before gradually declining to £31bn (£421bn – £390bn) and £8bn (£433bn – £425bn) in the first and second halves of 2018-19 respectively.
The chart highlights how deficits added up over a decade (a cumulative £1.1tn between 1 April 2008 and 31 March 2018) even as the gap between spending and receipts narrowed as well as how much the shortfall has widened in the first half of 2020-21. With a further £140bn or so shortfall expected in the second of the financial year, it will take a strong economic rebound to prevent another trillion of deficits accumulating over the coming decade.
Although the Spending Review in November will now only cover the 2021-22 financial year for current expenditure, it is expected to set capital expenditure budgets for 2022-23 as well. This will be important in giving departments confidence to get infrastructure spending projects underway as quickly as possible next year if there is to be an investment-led economic recovery.
Read more about the September 2020 public finances: Half-year deficit reaches £208bn as COVID costs continue to accumulate.
Posted on 2020-10-23 2020-12-06 Categories #icaewchartoftheweekTags #chartoftheweek, #coronavirus, #deficit, #publicfinances, #publicspendingLeave a comment on ICAEW chart of the week: Half year public spending and receipts
Half-year deficit reaches £208bn as COVID costs accumulate
22 October 2020: Public finances remain on track for the worst peace-time deficit ever, thanks to lower receipts and large-scale coronavirus interventions.
The latest public sector finances reported a deficit of £36.1bn in September 2020, a cumulative total of £208.5bn for the first six months of the financial year.
Public sector net debt increased to £2,059.7bn or 103.5% of GDP, an increase of £259.2bn from the start of the financial year and £274.0bn higher than in September 2019. This reflects £50.7bn of additional borrowing over and above the deficit, most of which has been used to fund coronavirus loans to business and tax deferral measures.
Commenting on the figures Alison Ring, ICAEW Director for Public Sector, said: "The deficit of £208bn is already more than the full-year deficit at the height of the financial crisis a decade ago and remains on track to be the largest ever outside the two world wars.
"The economic damage caused by the pandemic in the first half of the fiscal year was not as bad as originally feared, thanks in part to the extraordinary level of financial support provided by the Chancellor. However, the second wave is putting further strain on the public finances as new regional restrictions are placed on economic activity.
To help the recovery the Chancellor must take the opportunity at the Autumn Statement and Spending Round to invest in preparing infrastructure projects to start as soon as possible."
The combination of receipts down 11%, expenditure up 34% and net investment up 37% has resulted in a deficit for the six months to September 2020 that is approaching four times the budgeted deficit of £55bn for the whole of the 2020-21 financial year set in the Spring Budget in March. This is despite interest charges being lower by 24%. The cumulative deficit is more than six times as much as for the same six-month period last year.
Cash funding (the 'public sector net cash requirement') for the six months was £257.8bn, compared with £7.1bn for the same period in 2019.
The Institute for Fiscal Studies' recent IFS Green Budget 2020 annual pre-Budget report indicated that the deficit for the full year to March 2021 could reach £350bn or 17% of GDP.
Some caution is needed with respect to the numbers published by the ONS, which are expected to be repeatedly revised as estimates are refined and gaps in the underlying data are filled. In particular, the OBR points out that the ONS has yet to record any allowance for losses that might arise on the more than £100bn of tax deferrals, loans and guarantees provided to support businesses through the pandemic.
The ONS made a number of revisions to prior month and prior year fiscal numbers to reflect revisions to estimates and changes in methodology. These had the effect of reducing the reported fiscal deficit in the first five months from the £173.7bn reported last time to £172.4bn and reducing the reported deficit for 2019-20 from £55.8bn to £54.5bn.
For further information, read the public sector finances release for September 2020.
Posted on 2020-10-22 2020-12-06 Categories ICAEW articleTags #chartoftheweek, #deficit, #publicdebt, #publicfinances, #publicspendingLeave a comment on Half-year deficit reaches £208bn as COVID costs accumulate


Add a .io.livecode.ch top-level folder to your GitHub repository, then visit the URLs http://io.livecode.ch/repl/<user>/<repo> and http://io.livecode.ch/learn/<user>/<repo>.
To refresh the live installation on the server, visit the URL http://io.livecode.ch/repl/<user>/<repo>?refresh=1.
What should the .io.livecode.ch directory contain?
I hope you'll have fun, but please also be gentle with the server :)!


Again, a brief interlude to document my visit to the Beinecke Library at Yale University.
The acquisition effort has been led by Kevin Repp, whom I met during my trip. Serving as Curator, Modern European Books and Manuscripts, Repp is a scholar of 20th century European thought who knows the avant-garde well.
There was also a good amount of correspondence with members of the Situationist International and others like Noel Arnaud. However, out of a concern from Jacqueline de Jong's privacy, I have chosen not publish those here.
For those interested in this archive, I am happy to provide further insight. You may also contact Yale directly; the Beinecke has been nothing but accommodating — despite being under renovation until 2016, and currently relocated to the Sterling Memorial — and should make the material available to any scholars, researchers, and serious private collectors.
SPUR trial letters and ephemera. Munich (Germany), 1962.
Today, one of the more unique items in my collections – 7 pieces of ephemera around the Spur Trial, all dated between 24/05/1962 and 24/09/1962.
Antrag wegen Berufungsverhandlung-Termin mit ausführl. Begründung zum Thema vom RA Kreile. Munchen. 4 p. 21 x 29.5 cm.; black ink on white stock.Letter from Reinhold Kreile, lawyer (signed by him), to the Munich District Court (Lamdgericht Munchen) requests an appeal hearing date for the SPUR trial. It names Josef Oberberger, Walter Hollerer, Walter Haftmann and Pastpr Carls Anders-Skriver are the experts that will testify to SPUR group members' good faith and "modern art" nature of their work.
Joachim Kaiser, Abschrift seiner gutachterlichen Äußerung über das Heft 6. Munchen. 5 p.; 21 x 29.5 cm.; black ink on thin carbon paper. Copy of a letter by Dr. Joachin Kaiser's expert testimony as part of the second SPUR trial. Like Oberbenger letter, this favorable testimony by a Music Professor will help group members receive shorter sentences or be acquitted in appeal.
Josef Oberberger, Abschrift seiner Stellungsnahme zur Gruppe "Spur". Munchen. 3 p.; 21 x 29.5 cm.; black ink on thin carbon paper. Copy of a letter by Josef Obernberger (Professor of Artsat the Academy of Fine Arts in Munich) where he shares his opinion about Gruppe SPUR as part of the appeal / second trial in November. The letter is addressed to Dieter Liphart (a lawyer admitted to the bar in 1960) and Dr. Reinhold Kreile. Several of the SPUR members had studied painting with Obernberger in Munich. In this letter, the faculty member details his relationship with his former students and paints favorable portraits. He concludes by stating (translation is mine): "I could see how very surprised and depressed these young people could have been following the judgement and verdict" (p.3). Such a testimony will prove instrumental since Kunzelmann and Prem saw their sentence slashed to five weeks probation in appeal, while Sturm was eventually acquitted.
Brief des RA Kreile an Walter Jens mit der Bitte um Stellungsnahme zum Heft 6. Munchen. 2 p.; 21 x 29.5 cm.; black ink on white stock. Letter from Reinhold Kreile, lawyer, to Dr. Walter Jens, then Professor at the University of Tubingen. The letter comes on Reinhold Kreile's letterhead, and is hand-signed by him. It also includes a handful of handwritten correction in blue pen. Walter Jens, along with Obernberger, Haftmann and Kaiser, will come to the rescue of the SPUR members. In this letter, Kreile asks Jens for his opinion on SPUR's issue #6.
Brief des Otto van de Loo an Walter Jens zum SPUR Heft 6. Munchen. 1 p.; 21 x 29.5 cm.; black ink on white stock. Letter from Otto Van de Loo of the Galerie Van de Loo in Munich to Professor Jens, who had written an expert testimony to support the members of Gruppe SPUR. This is the letter that came with the Gruppe SPUR book, which Van de Loo enclosed.
Black Mask. Black Mask 1-6, 8-9. New York: Black Mask, 11/1966-04/1968. 4 p.; ill.; 25 x 33 cm. Offset-printed in black & white. First edition.
Debord, Guy. À propos de quelques erreurs d'interprétation . Les Editions Derriere la Salle de Bain, 2013. n.p..; 15 x 24 cm.; purple-white wrappers with text in black.
Debord, Guy. Le cinéma après Alain Resnais . Les Editions Derriere la Salle de Bain, 2013. n.p..; 15 x 24 cm.; blue-white wrappers with text in black.
Debord, Guy. Pour un jugement révolutionnaire de l'art. Les Editions Derriere la Salle de Bain, 2013. n.p..; 15 x 24 cm.; blue-white wrappers with text in black.
Debord, Guy. Le questionnaire situationniste. Les Editions Derriere la Salle de Bain, 2013. n.p..; 15 x 24 cm.; yellow-white wrappers with text in black.
Debord, Guy. Le rôle de Godard . Les Editions Derriere la Salle de Bain, 2013. n.p..; 15 x 24 cm.; purple-white wrappers with text in black.
Debord, Guy. Thèses sur la révolution culturelle . Les Editions Derriere la Salle de Bain, 2013. n.p..; 15 x 24 cm.; purple-white wrappers with text in black.
These can be purchased directly for 5 Euro each at http://leseditionsderrierelasalledebains.bigcartel.com/product/internationale-situationniste-6-titres . The picture are borrowed from the publisher's website.
Debord, Guy. Black Box. Les Editions Derriere la Salle de Bain, n.d. . 1 Box; 20.5 x 9.0 x 4.0 cm.; black and white box with text in black. Laid in: 8 mini-books (each 6 p.; ill.; 7.5 x 7.5 cm.).
Laser-printed on featherweight paper (papier bouffant). The box contains 8 mini books which include excerpts from Guy Debord's writings. They are richly illustrated with B&W photographs of Debord, with and without other members of the SI.
Rumney, Ralph. Pourvu que ca dure – Sur le passage de quelques idees a travers le temps. Manosque: Bureau des Inspections Analytiques, June 1999. 14 p.; ill.; 21 x 14.5 cm.; blue wrappers with text in black.
First edition, limited to 100 copies (all stamped). This copy signed by Ralph Rumney "Faut savoir tamponner aussi / A bientot Roger / Ralph". A second edition, limited to 200 copies and with an explanatory preface by Yves Helias, was published in November 1999.


. 224 pages. Two lectures on commentaries and exposition, followed by a catalogue of commentaries graded in three orders of merit with comments on their worth or otherwise, often dryly humorous. Previous owners' names to flyleaf.


Most programs/scripts read, compute and write data during their execution. The processes of reading and writing data is quite simple - for example, opening a file and saving it on the disk. These are the so called Input/Output operations also known as I/O. For the kernel (the OS) however, the process is more complicated. Thus in order to simplify things the I/O statistics in Hive are exported from the kernel and are collected at the program level.
the kernel collects the read bytes and stores them in the stats for this process. It is the same with writes.
collect separately the total (disk + memory operations) and the disk I/O operations of the process.
Since Hive knows the ID of each process it runs, it can easily collect the I/O usage information from it. What it does is to check the I/O usage every 0.2 seconds while the process works and when the process finishes, store the collected data.
All I/O operations are recorded in bytes. However since the values are really high when represented in just bytes they are all represented in MBytes under the Hive Web Interface for I/O Stats.
The I/O statistics interface are accessible via the 1H Local Interface for the server. The button 'I/O Stats' is located on the left side panel(just bellow the 'Memory stats' button).
NB: Note that you will not see the total I/O usage, only the I/O usage for chrooted programs executed through Hive.
Upon accessing the Interface, the the general server information will be loaded. This screen shows you the I/O usage of all users on the server.
You will see total and average read writes as well as total script executions for the users for the chosen period.
Script executions are shown here for clarity and average values are calculated per user and for the whole server.
This page was last modified on 27 July 2011, at 07:45.