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Stromectol is a broad spectrum anti-parasitic medication used for the treatment of certain parasitic infections. Stromectol has also shown promising results as a potential treatment for COVID-19.
Zithromax (azithromycin ) is one of the world's best-selling antibiotics used for treating a wide variety of bacterial infections. Zithromax in combination with other medications can be used in the treatment of COVID-19 infection.
Prednisone is a corticosteroid used in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including severe asthma, allergies, arthritis, and cancer as well as for treating eye and breathing problems. Prednisone is used in the treatment of COVID-19 infection due to its potent anti-inflammatory properties.
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Chloroquine is used for the prevention and treatment of malaria.
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Pulse Oximeter is a medical device that measures the oxygen saturation level.
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Ritomune (Ritonavir) is an antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV infection and AIDS. Ritonavir in combination with other medications has been proposed as a treatment for severe cases of COVID-19.
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Umifenovir (Arbidol) is an immunomodulating and antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza and other respiratory tract infections. Umifenovir can be used for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19.
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Ziverdo Kit is a combination of three medicines for the treatment of COVID-19 conveniently packed together: Zinc, Ivermectin and Doxycycline.
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English News >> The Siasat Daily >> Home
Saturday, 14 Dec, 8.26 pm The Siasat Daily
What's wrong with Citizenship Amendment Act?
New Delhi: After the Citizenship Amendment Bill became a law, newspapers and news portals are flooded with editorials, opinions and columns voicing concerns over its implementation in a secular country like India.
In her column published in Hindustan Times, senior journalist Barkha Dutt explains how Citizenship Act, NRC will alter the idea of India. She says 'About 1.9 million people found themselves excluded from the NRC in Assam, but these were not just Muslim migrants from Bangladesh — the suddenly stateless included lakhs of Hindus as well. What may now happen is something like this. The citizenship law will throw a protective shield over the disenfranchised non-Muslims; the Muslim migrants will then be left to appeal before the foreigners' tribunals. The new law also offers legal immunity to non-Muslims from Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan from jail, deportation and other criminal proceedings. In other words, the only people in internment centres will likely be Muslim migrants.'
Saying that the twin projects of the CAA and NRC will fundamentally change India and the nation we have always prided ourselves on being, Dutt states 'weaponised by the NRC,' CAA will become a merciless instrument of bigotry. She expresses fear that it will impact India's 200 million Muslim citizens.
Manash Firaq Bhattacharjee in his article 'India is losing the promise of inclusivity' published in Indian Express, writes, 'The logic of Partition is enhanced, not cured, by blaming the tragic event to justify a new law of segregation. It is a contradictory and self-serving logic, seeking to restore communal divisions by accusing others of it.'
An article in The Hindu titled 'In the name of a majority' written by Anupama Roy states 'This majoritarian notion of religion-based citizenship, although intrinsic to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)'s idea of India, is not shared by the majority of people in this country. In addition, such a view is alien to the constitutional consensus which emerged in 1950, embodying the idea of a people who committed themselves — and those governing on their behalf — to a constitutional order.'
Anas Tanwir in the article 'New Citizenship Act is illogical and poorly drafted' published in National Herald opines 'CAA is unconstitutional, illogical, poorly drafted and does not make clear how non-Muslims will prove that they immigrated from the three mentioned nations due to persecution.' The article states 'Further, CAA along with the exercise of pan-India NRC seeks to first create non-citizens out of existing citizens and then grant citizenship to non-Muslims. It damages the basic structure of the Constitution. It is a clear violation of Article 14 of the Constitution that provides for equal protection of law.'
'Creating stateless citizens is a violation of principles of customary international law. By doing this, India is fast losing the moral high ground that it had over neighbours as well as its ambition of becoming Vishwa Guru.' The article noted.
Krishna Sarma who hails from Assam and is managing partner at Corporate Law Group, writes in an article published in CNBCTV18 'The bill is despicable as it seeks to further the Hindutva utopia of a Hindu Rashtra. It seeks to further a colourable objective i.e., provide a fast-track citizenship based on religion on dodgy assertions of persecution of unquantified numbers of minorities in these three countries, and therefore is blatantly unconstitutional.'
Mihir S Sharma in an article published in Business Standard titled 'India abandoning its founding principles with Citizenship Amendment Bill' says 'The purpose of the Citizenship Amendment Bill is simple: when combined with the NRC, it can protect poor Hindus from the regulations that could render any poor Muslim a non-citizen at the stroke of an official's pen. The purpose is to create, through law, a permanent threat to hang over every single Muslim head in India: Don't stand up for yourself, or we will set you the impossible task of proving that you are, in fact, Indian.'
Expressing fears of serious long-term consequences of CAA and NRC, Samrat Choudhury in his article 'North East: NRC, CAA open healing wounds' in National Herald writes, 'What the Citizenship Amendment Act does at present is therefore largely symbolic. It takes to conclusion the logic of Partition, and establishes India as a mirror image of Pakistan. It also replaces fully the original Indian concept of citizenship, which was based on birth within the territory of India - regardless of ethnicity and origins - with the concept of citizenship based on descent.' He adds 'The attempt to create different classes of citizens, via the combination of CAA and NRC, with the Muslims as second-class citizens, is one that is bound to have serious long-term consequences for India. The reopening of divisive religious politics is also inevitably going to be met by equally divisive ethnic politics. The clashes of linguistic and regional identities may accompany the clash of religious identities.' He warns 'One Pandora's Box was opened when the locks of the Babri Masjid were opened in 1985. That event had a decisive impact on Indian politics from then to now. What Amit Shah and Narendra Modi are doing with NRC and CAA is opening two Pandora's Boxes. It is unlikely that they, or anyone, can forecast the future repercussions of these moves, whose effects may be felt for decades.'
Claiming that Citizenship Act is a step towards Hindu Rashtra, Nayakara Veeresha in Deccan Herald says, 'At this critical juncture, it is necessary to look into the politics being played by the BJP to push the agenda of 'Hindu Rashtra' by disenfranchising Muslims through NRC and consolidating Hindu votes through CAB.' He asserts, 'The CAB is purely based on electoral calculation, which is part and parcel of the BJP's Hindu Rashtra narrative. The CAB precisely enables the citizenship rights of those who are excluded under the NRC, except the Muslims. The NRC makes people stateless, the CAB provides statehood to all the non-Muslims among them.'
The author laments, 'The BJP's politics of identity and religion has effectively corroded the primacy of Parliament as seen from the abrogation of Articles 370 and 35A. Now, the CAB and NRC together disturb the basic structure of the Constitution, especially our secular identity. Importantly, it escalates the ethnic, identity and religious conflicts in the North-East states, as already evident.'
Predicting that the next step of the Modi government would be implementation of Uniform Civil Code, the author writes, 'The government is playing with constitutional values and morality. With the passage of the CAB, the BJP has exposed the full face of its majoritarian agenda at the cost of secularism and minority rights, especially those of Muslims and the indigenous communities of the North-East. The next stop of the BJP on this journey is Uniform Civil Code.'
In the article 'Scars of CAB protests will further burn bridges between northeast and rest of India' published in Indian Express writer Suhas Palshikar expresses fear that 'While, at the moment, attention is focused on this protest because of its severity, another muted opposition, more about the signal given by the amendment, may begin to take shape among Muslims. Because, along with consolidating a Hindu vote bank, the changes unambiguously send a message to the Muslims about their status — that they will be tolerated, but just that. The danger, here, is apparent. Besides the spectre of a Hindu-Muslim divide, this could further ghettoise and communalise Muslim politics.'
Claiming that India's image has gone 'from hero to zero' Pankaj Mishra in his article 'India's Problems Were Always Bigger Than Narendra Modi' published in 'Bloomberg' writes 'This week, an exhaustively researched report in the New Yorker by Dexter Filkins provided spine-chilling evidence that India is ruled by cold-blooded ideological fanatics, who will use all means to achieve their aims. These can range from perversion of the media, judiciary and military to anti-Muslim pogroms, targeted assassinations of critics, and collective punishment of a minority.'
Disclaimer: This story is auto-aggregated by a computer program and has not been created or edited by Dailyhunt. Publisher: The Siasat Daily English
Press India for reversal of CAA, NRC: Top US senator
No question of implementing NRC in Bihar: Nitish
Live:Asaduddin Owaisi to address public meeting against CAA, NRC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Legal framework ˬ
Country context
Timber sector
Other aspects
Sources & contacts
Legal framework for forest management and timber trade of Brazil
Legal rights to harvest
Timber harvesting activities
Third parties' rights
Trade and transport
The forest law, the Brazilian Forest Code (Law No. 4.771) has a national scope and was in force from 1965 up to 2012, when it was replaced by the Brazilian Forest Law (Law No. 12.651). The management of Brazil's forests involves different institutions at three levels of government (federal, state, and municipality). In the federal government, the forest management is under the direct responsibility of four institutions:
The Ministry of the Environment (MMA) is responsible for formulating forestry policies. It operates by granting power for sustainable forest production and is responsible for signing forest concession contracts.
The Brazilian Forestry Service (SFB) is the administrative institution of the federal public forests for the sustainable production of goods and services. It is also responsible for the generation of information, qualifications, and fostering the forest area. It was part of the Ministry of the Environment until 2019, when it was transferred to the Agriculture Ministry.
The Brazilian Institute of the Environment and of Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) is the institution responsible for environmental control and inspection, and is also responsible for licensing and environmental control of the Brazilian forests in its area of competence.
The Institute Chico Mendes of Conservation and Biodiversity (ICMBio) is responsible for proposing, implementing, managing, protecting, inspecting, and monitoring the Conservation Units instituted by the Federal Government.
At the state level, generally, the state departments of the environment are responsible for formulating policies and forest standards, and the state environmental institutions are responsible for licensing, controlling, and inspecting forest activities and conservation. In the municipalities that have a forest management structure, the arrangement is similar.
As the management of Brazil's forests involves different institutions at three levels of government (federal, state, and municipality), timber importing operators should also comply with relevant and applicable legislation at federal, state and municipal level. The rules for the management of native forests are much more stringent than those for plantations. The need for an environmental license for plantation management varies from state to state.
Only Brazilian-based community associations, cooperatives and companies can participate in forest concessions. Timber extraction in Brazil occurs in public (forest concessions within National Forest) or private land. The licensing process for the extraction varies depending on if the forest is public or private. But, in all cases, the annual operation plan must be approved by means of a logging permit issued by the relevant state environmental agency (except for federal forests, where the permit is issued by the federal environmental agency - IBAMA).
All concessionaires must be on IBAMA's technical register (Cadastro Técnico Federal). IBAMA also has an active database that can be consulted to find out about 'blacklisted' forests and companies ('areas embargadas'). The output is a list of areas (and the managing company) where harvesting is prohibited. Maps are also available per search result.
In order to harvest from concessions in native forests, concessionaires must hold a concession contract. In order to harvest from private lands in native forests, timber companies must hold land title documents (or leasehold).
Forest managers and harvesting companies harvesting native species from planted forests must inform IBAMA or the state environment body in question about their commercial activities.
In most cases, companies harvesting from planted forests which are not considered an area of permanent conservation (PFE), do not need to have a harvesting permit, but need to declare to the authorities the purpose of exploitation when establishing the plantation (Law No. 12.651).
In Brazil, the responsible body for the collection and inspection of income tax is the Secretaria da Receita Federal do Brasil (Secretariat of the Federal Revenue of Brazil), commonly referred to as Receita Federal (RFB). The RFB has a computerized system to collect the income taxes of all statutory individuals and entities, cross-checking data between different payers and income recipients. Anyone can check if a company has any disputes with the Secretariat of the Federal Revenue of Brazil through the RFB website.
When harvesting in native forests, timber companies must hold an approved Sustainable Forest Management Plan (Plano de Manejo Florestal Sustentável - PMFS), an approved Annual Operational Plan (Plano Operacional Anual - POA) and an Operating Authorization (generally called Autorização de Exploração – AUTEX, except in the State of Pará, where it is called AUTEF, and in the State of Amazonas, where an Operating License – LO is required). In addition, when harvesting from concessions in native forests, concessionaires must hold a concession contract.
In terms of workers' rights, Brazil has a broad legal framework relating to the legality of employment. The Decree Law 5452/1943 (Consolidation of the Labor Laws CLT) is the main guideline on this matter. Its Clause 41 stipulates that all workers should be registered by the company employer. Other points present workday rules, paid rest, child and woman labor, compensation, unionization, and other matters. In addition, the Ministry of Labor and Employment (MTE) have created and regularly updates a register of employers who have submitted workers to conditions analogous to that of a slave, which is then disseminated by the NGO Reporter Brazil.
For Health and Safety requirements, the authority responsible for inspections and regulations is the MTE. There is a large range of Regulating Norms (NR) that deal with the matter, with the most applicable to the forestry sector being the NR 31 (Security and Health in the Work in Agriculture, Livestock Farming, Forestry, Forest Exploitation and Aquaculture), which has the objective of aligning the planning and development of rural activities with the health and security of the workers.
IBAMA must be informed of any applications for an environmental license for activities in the vicinity of Indigenous or Quilombola (descendants of rebelled slave communities) (Inter-ministerial administrative decree issued by the Environment Ministry under No. 419/11). IBAMA will then consult with the entities involved. It might be necessary to prepare an EIA/RIMA (Environmental Impact Study and Report) following public consultation.
The transportation of timber within Brazil requires a timber transport authorization, called Guia Florestal ("GF", in the states of Pará and Mato Grosso) or Documento de Origem Florestal ("DOF", in all other states). Timber should also be accompanied by a Nota Fiscal Eletrônica - a Federal digital invoice/receipt of the Brazilian revenue department, to record all sales in the country and the amount of taxes due.
DOFs are issued by IBAMA and can be used for any type of native timber product. The DOF is a computerized timber control system. It contains information about the timber's origin, species, type of product, quantity and value of the cargo, as well as detailed transportation route. Products and sub-products are to be accompanied by the relevant DOF from the originating timber yard up to customs terminal. Sub-products such as windows, doors and furniture, and cellulose and wood paste are exempt and so do not require a DOF. The DOF is issued with an expiration date: 5 days for state road transportation, 10 days for interstate road transportation and 30 days for logs being transported by rafts. Some states have their own transportation licenses, which are integrated with the DOF system. These states are Mato Grosso, Pará and Rondônia (Guia Florestal - GF) and Minas Gerais (Guia de Controle Ambiental - GCA). Companies transporting exotic species from planted forests are not required to carry a DOF but must carry a 'nota fiscal' (invoice).
Guia Florestal (GFs), used in the states of Pará and Mato Grosso, are issued by SEMA (Secretaria do Ambiente e Desenvolvimento Sustentável, or State Secretariat for the Environment). They are divided into two types:
GF1 – authorization to transport logs, from the forest of origin to a sawmill;
GF3 – authorization to transport sawn or processed timber products.
GF3s are also issued when timber is exported, and in this case, must contain the name of the importer and the destination country.
All GFs have a barcode which can be used to retrieve an electronic version of the document. On the electronic version, the documents of a concession or sawmill (e.g. licenses and AUTEF/AUTEX) and sanctions against the operator can be searched on IBAMA's services website.
All processing companies must be on IBAMA's technical register (Cadastro Técnico Federal). IBAMA or a state environmental agency must issue a license before timber processing activities are carried out. In addition, all sawmills must be enrolled in the DOF system (or the Sisflora system, if in the states of Para and Mato Grosso). The timber processing company must complete relevant sections of the DOF (Documento de Origem Florestal).
Exportation in Brazil is also regulated by the Brazilian Federal Revenue (RFB) through the online system called SISCOMEX (Integrated Foreign Trade System). Private individuals and companies must be registered with SISCOMEX in order to perform imports or exports when the operation requires a license from SISCOMEX. This registration with SISCOMEX, is also known as RADAR (Ambiente de Registro e Rastreamento de Atuação do Intervenientes Aduaneiros).
Timber companies seeking to export timber from Brazil must provide the following:
Importer registration (SISCOMEX code)
Import claim
Customs declaration
Purchasing contract
Purchasing order
Legal transportation permits
Products must go through one of the two customs declaration procedures available. A simplified declaration can be used when goods do not exceed $50,000 and a full customs declaration is used when exported goods exceed this value. The simplified declaration can be done online via SISCOMEX or through paper forms. The full customs declaration must be processed online via SISCOMEX.
Customs clearance is done by means of a Declaração de Exportação - DE (export declaration), which must be formalized with up to 48 hours prior to shipment by the local IBAMA unit. The following documents are needed for a DE to be issued:
Copy of the Registro de Exportação - RE (Export Registration) from SISCOMEX;
Copy of the nota fiscal (Invoice);
Packing list;
Transportation Authorization;
Export authorization for wood products and sub-products (e.g. CITES), as appropriate.
All country profiles


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Education Minister Naftali Bennett
Photo: Dana Kopel
Israeli academics barred from expressing political opinion in class
As part of new ethical code promoted by Education Minister Bennett, lecturers would not be allowed to discuss political issues in class or publicly support academic boycotts; many lecturers come out against move.
Tamar Trabelsi-Hadad|Published: 06.09.17 , 10:27
Lecturers at academic institutions in Israel will be barred from expressing political opinions during class as part of a new ethical code.
The ethical code on political activity in academia was written by Prof. Asa Kasher—who also wrote the ethical code for the IDF—at the request of Education Minister Naftali Bennett.
Bennett, who also chairs the Council for Higher Education, plans on bringing the new ethical code for approval at the council so it could be implemented in all universities and colleges in Israel.
Education Minister Bennett speaking at Tel Aviv University (Photo: Motti Kimchi)
"Complete academic freedom—yes. Promoting political agendas of lecturers in academia—no," Bennett explained. "Academia is not a political party, and students should not be afraid to express their opinions in class, fearing it would affect their grades. In addition, lecturers should not be allowed to call for a boycott against the institution in which they teacher."
"This is not against any political side—it is sweeping across the political spectrum," he clarified. "No side has a reason to oppose this move regardless."
Despite Bennett's assertion, many lecturers have already declared they would not adhere to the new ethical code.
In December, after Bennett asked Prof. Kasher to write an ethical code, senior officials in academia called on Kasher to turn Bennett down.
At the time, hundreds of lecturers signed a petition saying, "We, lecturers in higher education, declare we intend to completely ignore the conclusions of the Kasher committee... the government has no authority to determine what expressions are appropriate in academia."
Prof. Asa Kasher (Photo: Haim Zach)
According to the new ethical code, lecturers would only be allowed to discuss political issues in class when it is relevant to the course, such as in political sciences.
In addition, the code forbids faculty members from participating in an academic boycott or calling on others to support such boycotts.
Academic departments are also barred from working with groups and organizations that have a political affiliation.
Each academic institute would be required to establish a unit to enforce the ethical code and supervise lecturers' political activity. Students would be able to file complaints with the unit as well.
The new ethical code also determines sanctions for those who break it. A lecturer who promotes his political views in class will be summoned to appear in front of the enforcement unit. If the unit determines the lecturer violated the ethical code, he will be reprimanded in his personal file. If the lecturer ignores this reprimand and continues breaking the ethical code, he could face disciplinary actions.
Bennett sought to introduce the new ethical code after receiving complaints over the past two years from right-wing NGOs who asked him to stop left-wing academics from promoting their political agendas during lectures. The Knesset's Committee on Education, Culture and Sport also held several discussions on the issue.
In Prof. Kasher's letter of appointment, Bennett wrote: "A situation must be prevented in which students or lecturers suffer rejection, silencing, exclusion or discrimination because of their identities or personal views, including their political positions. Academic freedom obligates any institution to strive to present to students a comprehensive a look as possible of data, theories, views and relevant arguments. We're all also obligated to protect the student's right to attend a higher education institution without having to listen to political preaching that has nothing to do with their particular field of studies."
See all talkbacks "Israeli academics barred from expressing political opinion in class"


We had lots of number-based fun on Friday 1st February 2019 as part of the NSPCC's "Number Day." Students came in dressed in numbers, patterns, shapes or colours (or a mixture of all) and we had different numerical games and activities taking place all day.
We also raised money for the NSPCC as everyone who took part brought in £1.


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text:
Harold Swann1
M, #122221, b. 29 January 1880, d. 7 November 1953
Harold Swann was born on 29 January 1880.2 He was the son of Sir Charles Ernest Swann, 1st Bt. and Elizabeth Duncan.1,2 He married Dorothea Alma Agnew, daughter of Henry de Courcy Agnew and Ethel Anne Goff, on 14 May 1907.2 He died on 7 November 1953 at age 73.1
He was given the name of Harold Schwann at birth. He was educated at Eton College, Windsor, Berkshire, England.2 He gained the rank of Captain in the TAR.2 On 11 December 1913 his name was legally changed to Harold Swann by Royal Licence. He held the office of Justice of the Peace (J.P.) for Hertfordshire.2
Children of Harold Swann and Dorothea Alma Agnew
Helen Swann2 b. 6 Oct 1911, d. 8 Dec 1911
Charles Brian Swann+2 b. 21 Jul 1913, d. 7 Jan 1966
[S37] BP2003 volume 1, page 48. See link for full details for this source. Hereinafter cited as. [S37]
Sir Charles Ernest Swann, 1st Bt.1
M, #122222, b. 25 January 1844, d. 13 July 1929
Sir Charles Ernest Swann, 1st Bt. was born on 25 January 1844.2 He is the son of John Frederick Schwann and Henrietta Kell.2 He married Elizabeth Duncan, daughter of David Duncan, on 20 September 1877.2 He died on 13 July 1929 at age 85.2
He was given the name of Charles Ernest Schwann at birth.2 He held the office of Member of Parliament (M.P.) (Liberal) for North Manchester between 1886 and 1918.2 He was created 1st Baronet Swann, of Prince's Gardens, Kensington [U.K.] on 16 July 1906.1 He was appointed Privy Counsellor (P.C.) in 1911.2 On 11 December 1913 his name was legally changed to Charles Ernest Swann by Royal Licence.2
Children of Sir Charles Ernest Swann, 1st Bt. and Elizabeth Duncan
Sir Charles Duncan Swann, 2nd Bt.+2 b. 27 Jan 1879, d. 10 Mar 1962
Harold Swann+1 b. 29 Jan 1880, d. 7 Nov 1953
Laurence Averil Swann2 b. 30 May 1881, d. 13 Nov 1953
Geoffrey Swann+2 b. 25 Jul 1883, d. 28 Aug 1965
Elizabeth Kathleen Mildred Swann2 b. 21 Mar 1887, d. 23 Feb 1962
Hazel Louisa Agnew1
F, #122223, d. 15 April 1943
Last Edited=14 Oct 2007
Hazel Louisa Agnew was the daughter of Henry de Courcy Agnew and Ethel Anne Goff.1 She married Francis Lynch Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, 4th Viscount Combermere of Bhurtpore, son of Robert Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, 3rd Viscount Combermere of Bhurtpore and Isabel Marian Chetwynd, on 30 October 1913.1 She and Francis Lynch Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, 4th Viscount Combermere of Bhurtpore were divorced in 1926.2 She died on 15 April 1943.1
After her marriage, Hazel Louisa Agnew was styled as Viscountess Combermere of Bhurtpore on 30 October 1913. From 30 October 1913, her married name became Stapleton-Cotton.1
Francis Lynch Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, 4th Viscount Combermere of Bhurtpore1
M, #122224, b. 29 June 1887, d. 8 February 1969
Consanguinity Index=0.01%
Francis Lynch Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, 4th Viscount Combermere of Bhurtpore was born on 29 June 1887.1 He was the son of Robert Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, 3rd Viscount Combermere of Bhurtpore and Isabel Marian Chetwynd.1,2 He married, firstly, Hazel Louisa Agnew, daughter of Henry de Courcy Agnew and Ethel Anne Goff, on 30 October 1913.3 He and Hazel Louisa Agnew were divorced in 1926.1 He married, secondly, Constance Marie Katherine Williams-Drummond, daughter of Lt.-Col. Sir Francis Dudley Williams-Drummond and Marguerite Violet Maud Agnew, on 1 January 1927.1 He died on 8 February 1969 at age 81.1
He was educated at Harrow School, Harrow, London, EnglandG.1 He succeeded as the 9th Baronet Cotton, of Combermere, co. Chester [E., 1677] on 20 February 1898.1 He succeeded as the 4th Viscount Combermere of Bhurtpore [U.K., 1827] on 20 February 1898.1 He succeeded as the 4th Baron Combermere, of Combermere, co. Chester [U.K., 1814] on 20 February 1898.1 He gained the rank of Lieutenant in 1916 in the Royal Garrison Artillery (Special Reserve).1 He fought in the First World War between 1916 and 1919, where he was wounded.1 He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.) of Herefordshire between 1953 and 1960.1
Children of Francis Lynch Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, 4th Viscount Combermere of Bhurtpore and Constance Marie Katherine Williams-Drummond
Michael Wellington Stapleton-Cotton, 5th Viscount Combermere of Bhurtpore+3 b. 8 Aug 1929, d. 3 Nov 2000
Hon. David Peter Dudley Stapleton-Cotton+3 b. 6 Mar 1932
[S264] David Gardiner, online unknown url, David Gardiner (unknown location), downloaded 5 March 2007.
Major Charles Hamlyn Agnew1
M, #122225, b. 21 June 1859, d. 31 March 1928
Last Edited=4 Dec 2011
Major Charles Hamlyn Agnew was born on 21 June 1859.1 He was the son of Sir Andrew Agnew of Lochnaw, 8th Bt. and Lady Mary Arabella Louisa Noel.1 He married Lillian Anne Murray, daughter of Lt.-Gen. Sir James Wolfe Murray and Arabella Bray, on 30 June 1897.1 He and Lillian Anne Murray were divorced in 1908.2 He died on 31 March 1928 at age 68.1
He fought in the Third Burma War between 1885 and 1887.1 He fought in the campaign in Rhodesia in 1896.1 He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.) of Wigtownshire.2 He gained the rank of Major in the 4th Hussars.1
Child of Major Charles Hamlyn Agnew and Lillian Anne Murray
Sir Fulque Melville Gerald Noel Agnew of Lochnaw, 10th Bt.+1 b. 6 Oct 1900, d. 28 Aug 1975
[S3607] Dane Garrod, "re: Agnew Family," e-mail message to Darryl Roger LUNDY (101053), 9 February 2009. Hereinafter cited as "re: Agnew Family."
Lillian Anne Murray1
F, #122226, b. circa 1878, d. 15 December 1937
Lillian Anne Murray was born circa 1878 at Sri Lanka.2 She was the daughter of Lt.-Gen. Sir James Wolfe Murray and Arabella Bray.1,3 She married Major Charles Hamlyn Agnew, son of Sir Andrew Agnew of Lochnaw, 8th Bt. and Lady Mary Arabella Louisa Noel, on 30 June 1897.1 She and Major Charles Hamlyn Agnew were divorced in 1908.4 She died on 15 December 1937.1
From 30 June 1897, her married name became Agnew.1
Child of Lillian Anne Murray and Major Charles Hamlyn Agnew
[S8083] Bernard Girma, "re: Strange Family," e-mail message to Darryl Roger LUNDY (101053), 5 Nov 2017. Hereinafter cited as "re: Strange Family."
Lt.-Gen. Sir James Wolfe Murray1
M, #122227, b. 13 March 1853, d. 17 October 1919
Lt.-Gen. Sir James Wolfe Murray was born on 13 March 1853 at Dunedin, Midlothian, Scotland.2,3 He was the son of James Wolfe Murray and Elizabeth Charlotte Whyte-Melville.4 He married, firstly, Arabella Bray, daughter of William Bray, on 14 May 1875.4 He married, secondly, Fanny Worswick Robson, daughter of James Scott Robson, on 30 April 1913.4 He died on 17 October 1919 at age 66.4
He lived at Cringletie, Peebles-shire, ScotlandG.1 He was appointed Knight Commander, Order of the Bath (K.C.B.)1 He held the office of Justice of the Peace (J.P.) for Peebles-shire.1 He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.) of Peebles-shire.4 He was Quartermaster-General, India between 1903 and 1904.1 He was Master-General of Ordance, HQ between 1904 and 1907.4 He was Commissioner of Supply.4 He was commander of the Secunderabad Division between 1907 and 1911.4 He was General Officer Commanding of the Scottish Command between 1913 and 1914.4 He was General Officer Commanding of the South Africa in 1914.4 He held the office of CIGS between 1914 and 1915.4 He fought in the First World War.4 He was General Officer Commanding of the Eastern Command between 1916 and 1918.4 He lived at Westshields, Lanarkshire, Scotland.4 He gained the rank of Lieutenant-General in the Royal Artillery.1
Children of Lt.-Gen. Sir James Wolfe Murray and Arabella Bray
George Wolfe Murray+4 b. 27 Jun 1876, d. 31 Jan 1955
Lillian Anne Murray+1 b. c 1878, d. 15 Dec 1937
Grace Catherine Wolfe Murray4 b. 9 Mar 1879, d. 8 Mar 1942
Captain James Wolfe Murray4 b. 9 Jun 1880, d. 16 Nov 1930
Arabella Elizabeth Wolfe Murray+4 b. 22 Oct 1881, d. 27 Mar 1930
[S68] H. Pirie-Gordon, editor, Burke's Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Landed Gentry, 15th edition, (London, England: Burke's Peerage Ltd, 1937), page 1652. Hereinafter cited as Burke's Landed Gentry, 15th ed.
James Wolfe Murray1
M, #122228, b. 11 May 1814, d. 20 June 1890
James Wolfe Murray was born on 11 May 1814 at Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.1,2 He was the son of James Wolfe Murray, Lord Cringletie and Isabella Katherina Strange.1,3 He married, firstly, Elizabeth Charlotte Whyte-Melville, daughter of John Whyte-Melville and Lady Catherine Anne Sarah Osborne, on 25 March 1852 at Peebles, Peebles-shire, Scotland.1,2 He married, secondly, Louisa Grace Hay, daughter of Sir Adam Hay, 7th Bt. and Henrietta Callender Grant, on 27 November 1862 at Peebles, Peebles-shire, Scotland.4,2 He died on 20 June 1890 at age 76 at Bideford, Devon, France.3,2
He held the office of Deputy Lieutenant (D.L.)1 He held the office of Justice of the Peace (J.P.)1 He was Brigadier-General of the Royal Company of Archers.1 He lived at Cringletie, Peebles-shire, Scotland.1 At Westshields, Lanarkshire, Scotland, (an unknown value).1
Children of James Wolfe Murray and Elizabeth Charlotte Whyte-Melville
Lt.-Gen. Sir James Wolfe Murray+1 b. 13 Mar 1853, d. 17 Oct 1919
Francis D'Arcy Osborne Wolfe Murray+4 b. 10 Apr 1854, d. 29 Apr 1914
Sidney George Wolfe Murray4 b. 2 Mar 1855, d. 11 Jan 1890
Commander Philip Charles Knightly Wolfe Murray+4 b. 20 Apr 1856, d. 5 Nov 1932
Elizabeth Catherine Mary Wolfe Murray+4 b. 30 Sep 1857, d. 14 Apr 1905
Children of James Wolfe Murray and Louisa Grace Hay
Brig.-Gen. Arthur Alexander Wolfe Murray+4 b. 22 May 1866, d. 7 Dec 1918
Hilda Louisa Janey Wolfe Murray5 b. 7 May 1872, d. 27 Sep 1929
[S21] L. G. Pine, The New Extinct Peerage 1884-1971: Containing Extinct, Abeyant, Dormant and Suspended Peerages With Genealogies and Arms (London, U.K.: Heraldry Today, 1972), page 113. Hereinafter cited as The New Extinct Peerage.
Sir Fulque Melville Gerald Noel Agnew of Lochnaw, 10th Bt.1
M, #122229, b. 6 October 1900, d. 28 August 1975
Sir Fulque Melville Gerald Noel Agnew of Lochnaw, 10th Bt. was born on 6 October 1900.1 He was the son of Major Charles Hamlyn Agnew and Lillian Anne Murray.1 He married Swanzie Erskine, daughter of Major Esmé Nourse Erskine and Elizabeth Susan Matilda Reinders, on 9 October 1937.1 He died on 28 August 1975 at age 74.1
He was educated at Harrow School, Harrow, London, EnglandG.1 He fought in the First World War, where he was mentioned in despatches and wounded.1 He gained the rank of Lieutenant in the Machine Gun Corps.1 He gained the rank of Lieutenant in the 4th Battalion, Royal Susse Regiment (Territorial Army).1 He gained the rank of officer in the Royal Flying Corps.1 He entered the military between 1926 and 1929 at ChinaG, in the service of the officer, with the rank of U.S. Army.1 He succeeded as the 10th Baronet Agnew, of Lochnaw, co. Wigtown [N.S., 1629] on 14 July 1928.1 He graduated from University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, ScotlandG, in 1943 with a Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.)1 He was a farmer between 1944 and 1953 at South AfricaG.1 He was Registrar of the University of Fort Hare.1 He was Secretary of Cambridge University, Department of Education between 1960 and 1965.1
Child of Sir Fulque Melville Gerald Noel Agnew of Lochnaw, 10th Bt. and Swanzie Erskine
Major Sir Crispin Hamlyn Agnew of Lochnaw, 11th Bt.+1 b. 13 May 1944
Swanzie Erskine1
F, #122230, b. 1916, d. 28 September 2000
Last Edited=9 Mar 2006
Swanzie Erskine was born in 1916.2 She was the daughter of Major Esmé Nourse Erskine and Elizabeth Susan Matilda Reinders.1,2 She married Sir Fulque Melville Gerald Noel Agnew of Lochnaw, 10th Bt., son of Major Charles Hamlyn Agnew and Lillian Anne Murray, on 9 October 1937.1 She died on 28 September 2000.1
From 9 October 1937, her married name became Agnew.1 She was a professor of geography.1
Child of Swanzie Erskine and Sir Fulque Melville Gerald Noel Agnew of Lochnaw, 10th Bt.


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These Eight Sketches of Life Inside a North Korean Prison Camp Will Leave You Terrified
February 20, 2014 by Daniel
These chilling sketches depict life inside a North Korean prison camp. These haunting images show people being forced to stand for hours, people being forced to crawl on their hands and knees, and people being forced to feed off of rats and snakes.
The sketches included in the report, which come by way of Kim Kwang-il, a North Korean who claims he spent six years in a prison camp.
(Image source: United Nations)
Here is a copy of the UN report which further describes the sketches in detail:
Filed Under: Foreign Policy, Politics, World Tagged With: Korea, North, United Nations
House Committee Concludes No 'Stand Down' Order Given in Benghazi
by Madeleine Morgenstern via TheBlaze.com
A House committee formally concluded for the first time that there was no military "stand down" order given on the night of the deadly terror attacks in Benghazi, Libya.
It's a finding that one committee aide acknowledged to TheBlaze, "some people are going to be upset about." The allegation that the military was told to stand down on aiding the Americans in Benghazi has long been used to accuse the Obama administration of not doing enough to save the lives of U.S. Ambassador Christopher Stevens and others during the Sept. 11, 2012 attacks.
The Republican-led House Armed Services Committee, however, concluded in its new report that no such order was given; rather, Army Lt. Col. S.E. Gibson, then-head of the site security team at the U.S. Embassy in Tripoli, was ordered by higher commanders to remain in Tripoli, lest another attack take place there as part of a larger coordinated assault.
"The term 'stand down' means different things to different people. To someone in uniform, it means you are to do nothing … that is not the direction that Lt. Col. Gibson was given," the committee aide told TheBlaze.
The finding is part of the committee's Benghazi report set to be released Tuesday. Stevens, information technology specialist Sean Smith, and CIA security contractors and former Navy SEALs Glen Doherty and Tyrone Woods were killed.
"They didn't know where the next attack was coming from," the aide said. "They were given alternate orders to stay in Tripoli."
Read the full story at: The Blaze
Filed Under: Foreign Policy, National, Politics
Benghazi Timeline Shows Obama Was MIA
January 17, 2014 by Daniel
The Benghazi timeline shows not only that 'the attacks were preventable' but that Obama was MIA.
The Government Accountability Institute (GAI) released a report Wednesday that revealed Obama had failed to attend the daily intelligence briefing for the week leading up to the attack on September 11, 2012.
Robert Gates is Harsh Critic of Obama's Leadership in New Memoir
January 8, 2014 by Daniel
The Surprising & Dismaying Things Former Defense Secretary Robert Gates Says Clinton & Obama Admitted to Him | photo credit: TheBlaze(AFP/Brendan Smialowski)
Former Defense Secretary Robert Gates dishes out a harsh critique of President Obama's leadership in his new memoir "Duty: Memoirs of a Secretary at War."
It just may be on the top of the list of books Obama and his administration doesn't want you to read. And, for good reason.
This book will give an unseen look into the leadership of Obama, and the differences the two had. One such glimpse is detailed when he writes, "All too early in the [Obama] administration, suspicion and distrust of senior military officers by senior White House officials – including the president and vice president – became a big problem for me as I tried to manage the relationship between the commander in chief and his military leaders."
Gates also gives another inside look into why Hillary Clinton opposed the Iraq surge writing: "Hillary told the president that her opposition to the [2007] surge in Iraq had been political because she was facing him in the Iowa primary. … The president conceded vaguely that opposition to the Iraq surge had been political. To hear the two of them making these admissions, and in front of me, was surprising as it was dismaying."
In short, this memoir is sure to turn a few heads upon being scheduled for release Jan. 14.
To reserve your copy, please show your support and order through our link HERE.
Filed Under: Foreign Policy, Military, National, Politics
North Korea Executes Uncle of Kim Jong-Un
December 13, 2013 by Daniel
The uncle of Kim Jong Un, leader of North Korea, has been executed as a 'traitor.'
photo credit: AP/XINHUA (File photo from Aug. 14, 2012)
North Korean news is reporting that second in command, Jang Song Thaek has been purged for crimes that included faction-building, corruption, drug use and womanizing.
While all the details of this execution continue to come out, two things are on the minds of those on the Korean Peninsula: 1) it signals a turn in direction for the North, or 2) Kim Jong-Un is growing confident in his rule.
CNN reports:
For Jasper Kim, the founder of the Asia-Pacific Global Research Group, North Korea remains for analysts a "Rubik's Cube that no one can solve."
He said North Korea is a master at carefully choreographing the way it releases news events to cloak its real intentions. Nevertheless, he said a careful reading between the lines of North Korean new agency KCNA sometimes reveals glimpses of the state of the regime.
He said that far from asserting the leadership of Kim, recent events suggest that his position has been seriously eroded by the execution of his uncle.
"My guess is that these events happened some time ago and they are only now being released," Kim told CNN. "The fact is that we don't know what's going on in North Korea but what we are seeing coming through on KCNA is very concerning.
"When you look at the language used in these KCNA reports it is particularly hawkish and it's much more reflective of the military than it is of Kim Jong Un.
"Basically we are seeing the hardline faction reassert itself. For Kim Jong Un, Jang Song Thaek was the bridge between him and his father, and now he will have very little protection."
Filed Under: Foreign Policy, Politics, World Tagged With: foreign policy, Korea, North
'60 Minutes' Report: Benghazi Attack was Planned from the Beginning
October 28, 2013 by Daniel
The '60 Minutes' report on the Benghazi report offered a look into the events which was planned by Al Qaeda from the beginning.
Eyewitness account gives detail for their story, and lays out the utter failure by the White House to provide proper security.
Did you miss the segment? Watch below:
Filed Under: Foreign Policy, Politics
World Leaders look to U.N. to Restrain NSA
A recent document provided by famed whistleblower Edward Snowden, shows the National Security Agency had monitored phone conversations of 35 world leaders.
photo credit: Guardian
This document is adding to the tensions between the US and its allies.
German chancellor Angela Merkel, as well as other world leaders, have turned to the United Nations to aid in restraining the spy agency.
The memo, which dates back to October 2006, acknowledges that eavesdropping on the 200 phone numbers sited produced "little reportable intelligence."
For more on this visit:
Exclusive: Germany, Brazil Turn to U.N. to Restrain American Spies
NSA monitored calls of 35 world leaders after US official handed over contacts
Israel and Hamas Break Silence Via Twitter
The power of social media has broken the silence between Israel and Hamas by way of Twitter.
It's true. Social media has a power all its own.
Here is the exchange they shared:
The #IDF will continue to seek out those that attempt to undermine and defy our way of life. #TerrorDoesntPay
— Peter Lerner (@LTCPeterLerner) October 22, 2013
@AlqassamBrigade #Israel is here to stay. The #IDF will continue to pursue the perpetrators of terror. #TerrorDoesntPay
@LTCPeterLerner We are in mission that aims at restoring our occupied land whatever the cost is. #Palestine #Gaza #WestBank #Hamas
— Alqassam Brigades (@AlqassamBrigade) October 22, 2013
@LTCPeterLerner Your mission is to bury the #Palestinian children under the rubble of their houses. #Palestine #Gaza pic.twitter.com/Ie55ztSHop
Assad on the shape of Syria
September 19, 2013 by Daniel
Bashar Assad, President of Syria sat down in an exclusive interview with Dennis Kusinich and Greg Palkot that aired on Fox News.
Syrian President Bashar Assad gesturing during an interview with Fox News in Damascus | SANA via AFP – Getty Images
The interview was interesting to say the least. And, there was a lot that was covered.
Everything from the allegations of him using chemical weapons on his own people, to the future of Syria.
Other news outlets are painting him as defiant in saying he didn't use them. But, you be the judge. Watch the interview for yourself!
Here are some of the takeaways:
Admits Syria has chemical weapons and that they want to 'fully' cooperate with the weapons agreement
Says that he didn't use chemical weapons on his own people
The act of using chemical weapons is 'deplorable'
While many view this as a civil war, Assad points to outside interests
People want to come to Syria to wage their Jihad
Assad says that casualties happen when fighting terrorists who have infiltrated villages
Advises Obama to 'Listen to the common sense of your people'
Reform in Syria is a social process and that the president and government can only lead it
While trying to reform the country they are in a fight with terrorists
Too many other countries are trying to influence Syria; only the voice of the people matters
Syria cannot be a safe-haven for terrorists
If you wish to watch the interview, please do! Share your thoughts also.
Watch here:
Filed Under: Foreign Policy, Politics Tagged With: Syria
Syrian President Assad: The future of Syria [VIDEO]
Assad discussed the future of Syria and how it is in the hands of the people.
Part 5 of 5 Video Exclusive:


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Home > Catalogue > Model Kits Australia > Tanks > German Self-Propelled Heavy Anti-Tank Gun Nashorn
Tamiya 1/ 35 German Self-Propelled Heavy Anti-Tank Gun Nashorn
German Self-Propelled Heavy Anti-Tank Gun Nashorn
8.8cm of Destructive Power
The self-propelled heavy anti-tank gun Nashorn packed a formidable punch courtesy of a mammoth 71-caliber 8.8cm Pak43/1 gun which was one of the largest on the battlefield in WWII. The vehicle was developed in all possible haste after the German Army had the unexpected surprise of meeting such overpowering opponents as the T34 and KV-1 upon its invasion of the Soviet Union. The recently-developed III/IV vehicle was used as a base for the Pak43/1 gun, which was capable of destroying enemy tanks from great distance. Top road speed was 42km/h thanks to its relatively light weight of 24 tons. While deployment started in July 1943 under the moniker of Hornisse, it was given the new Nashorn designation from January of the next year, reportedly at the command of Hitler. 439 units were produced up to March 1945, and they served on both the Eastern and Western Fronts, providing heavy firepower for German forces.
About the Model
★This is a 1/35 scale plastic model assembly kit. Length: 241mm, Width: 84mm. ★Extensive research and study of actual vehicles led to this accurate recreation of the imposing form of the Nashorn with long 8.8cm main gun. ★Features of post-May 1943 vehicles such as late production gun travel lock, muffler-less exhaust pipes and more are faithfully depicted. ★Metal parts are used to allow realistic elevation and depression of the main gun. ★Belt-type tracks. ★4 figures in winter uniform are included, and can be placed in the large fighting compartment to add a further air of authenticity to the model. ★Comes with 3 marking options, including Eastern Front vehicle markings.


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resultat(er)
Indgående analyse
EU-faktablade
EP's og Rådets Vedtagelse af Lovgivning
mellem (15-05-2013)
og (19-01-2021)
CAP Amending Regulation (CMO): Amending regulations on the CMO for agricultural products, quality schemes and measures for remote regions
On 1 July 2018, as part of the work on the EU's 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework, the European Commission proposed a package of three regulations with the aim of reshaping and modernising the common agricultural policy (CAP). One of these proposals, the Amending Regulation, introduces changes to rules governing the common market organisation (CMO) in agricultural products (including the rules on wine), the EU quality schemes (geographical indications) and the support measures for remote ...
On 1 July 2018, as part of the work on the EU's 2021-2027 multiannual financial framework, the European Commission proposed a package of three regulations with the aim of reshaping and modernising the common agricultural policy (CAP). One of these proposals, the Amending Regulation, introduces changes to rules governing the common market organisation (CMO) in agricultural products (including the rules on wine), the EU quality schemes (geographical indications) and the support measures for remote regions. The aim is to equip agricultural markets and support measures to face new challenges, update provisions, simplify procedures and ensure consistency with other regulations on the future CAP. Second edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Landbrug og Udvikling af Landdistrikter
Det Indre Marked og Toldunionen
Beata ROJEK
fælles markedsordning
produktbetegnelse
landbrugsprodukt
etikettering
oprindelsesbetegnelse
Hent URL
Qualified majority voting in foreign and security policy: Pros and Cons
In her first State of the Union speech, and in the section of the speech most applauded by the European Parliament, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen called for the use of qualified majority voting (QMV) in areas such as sanctions and human rights. The crises and security challenges accumulating in and around the European Union have added to the urgency of having a more effective and rapid decision-making process in areas pertaining to the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP ...
In her first State of the Union speech, and in the section of the speech most applauded by the European Parliament, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen called for the use of qualified majority voting (QMV) in areas such as sanctions and human rights. The crises and security challenges accumulating in and around the European Union have added to the urgency of having a more effective and rapid decision-making process in areas pertaining to the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The core encumbrance against unanimous EU agreement on foreign policy is argued to be the absence of a common strategic culture among EU Member States. The Lisbon Treaty's architects have equipped the EU Treaties with 'passerelle clauses' – provisions usually aimed at modifying the decision-making of the Council of the EU. The passerelle clause for CFSP is Article 31(3) of the Treaty on European Union, which empowers the European Council to, by unanimous agreement, allow the Council of the EU to take decisions by QMV in some areas of the CFSP. Another option is an emergency brake – cancelling a vote for vital reasons of national policy – while constructive abstention is an option which allows a Member State to abstain from a unanimous vote without blocking it. Since 2016, the EU has witnessed growing momentum to shape its identity as a security provider and peace promoter. From 2020 and until 2022, it is undertaking a strategic reflection process taking the form of a 'strategic compass', whereby the threats, challenges and objectives for the Union in security and defence will be better defined. It is in this context that the debate about QMV in foreign and security policy has resurfaced and continues to be the subject of policy discussions. Nevertheless, recent efforts to innovate in the EU's methods for adopting sanctions in the field of human rights abuses (the European Magnitsky Act) have been unsuccessful in their attempt to move from unanimity to qualified majority voting.
Udenrigsanliggender
Sikkerhed og Forsvar
EU-lovgivning: Retssystem og Retsakter
Tania LATICI
CAP horizontal regulation: Financing, management and monitoring of the common agricultural policy for 2021-2027
As part of the preparation of the EU budget for 2021-2027, the European Commission put forward a new set of regulations to shape the future EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on 1 June 2018. The proposal for a regulation on the financing, management and monitoring of the CAP provides the legislative framework for adapting the financing, management and monitoring rules to a new CAP delivery model. This seeks to achieve more subsidiarity and simplification, with greater responsibility given to Member ...
As part of the preparation of the EU budget for 2021-2027, the European Commission put forward a new set of regulations to shape the future EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on 1 June 2018. The proposal for a regulation on the financing, management and monitoring of the CAP provides the legislative framework for adapting the financing, management and monitoring rules to a new CAP delivery model. This seeks to achieve more subsidiarity and simplification, with greater responsibility given to Member States, a shift from ensuring single transaction compliance to monitoring system performance in each Member State, and reduced 'red tape', among other things. Third edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Rachele ROSSI
driftsøkonomisk kontrol
EUGFL
ELFUL
landbrugsudgift
landbrugsstøtte
finansiel udviklingsbistand
landbrugsproduktion
fælles landbrugspolitik
EGFL
udvikling af landdistrikter
EU-forslag
CAP strategic plans
The Commission's legislative proposals on the future of the common agricultural policy (CAP) were published on 1 June 2018. They comprise three proposals: a regulation setting out rules on support for CAP strategic plans; a regulation on the single common market organisation (CMO) and a horizontal regulation on financing, managing and monitoring the CAP. The proposal for a regulation on CAP strategic plans introduces a new delivery model, described by the Commission as a fundamental shift in the ...
The Commission's legislative proposals on the future of the common agricultural policy (CAP) were published on 1 June 2018. They comprise three proposals: a regulation setting out rules on support for CAP strategic plans; a regulation on the single common market organisation (CMO) and a horizontal regulation on financing, managing and monitoring the CAP. The proposal for a regulation on CAP strategic plans introduces a new delivery model, described by the Commission as a fundamental shift in the CAP, involving a shift from compliance towards results and performance. It includes a new distribution of responsibilities between the EU and Member States. A new planning process is proposed which will cover both Pillar I (direct payments) and Pillar II (rural development) of the CAP. Second edition of a briefing originally drafted by James McEldowney and Patrick Kelly. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
James MCELDOWNEY
forenkling af formaliteter
handel med landbrugsvarer
enkeltbetalingsordning
bæredygtigt landbrug
landbrugssektor
landmand
Review of dual-use export controls
Certain goods and technologies have legitimate civilian applications but can also be used for military purposes; so-called 'dual-use' goods are subject to the European Union's export control regime. The regime has just been revised, mainly to take account of significant technological developments, increase transparency and create a more level playing field among EU Member States. The proposed regulation will recast the regulation in force since 2009. Among other elements, the proposal explicitly ...
Certain goods and technologies have legitimate civilian applications but can also be used for military purposes; so-called 'dual-use' goods are subject to the European Union's export control regime. The regime has just been revised, mainly to take account of significant technological developments, increase transparency and create a more level playing field among EU Member States. The proposed regulation will recast the regulation in force since 2009. Among other elements, the proposal explicitly defines cyber-surveillance technology as dual-use technology and introduces human rights violations as an explicit justification for export control. It also includes provisions to control emerging technologies. The proposed regulation introduces greater transparency into dual-use export control by increasing the level of detail Member States will have to provide on exports, licences, licence denials and prohibitions. On 17 January 2018, based on the INTA committee's report on the legislative proposal, the European Parliament adopted its position for trilogue negotiations. For its part, the Council adopted its negotiating mandate on 5 June 2019, and on the basis of this mandate, the Council Presidency began negotiations with the European Parliament's delegation on 21 October 2019. Trilogue negotiations ended on 9 November 2020, with agreement on a final compromise text. Endorsed by the INTA committee on 30 November, the Parliament is expected to vote in plenary on the text in early 2021. Sixth edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
International Handel
Beatrix IMMENKAMP
eksportkontrol
handelsrestriktioner
EU-eksport
eksportlicens
samhandel inden for EU
masseødelæggelsesvåben
EF-forordning
udvalg (EP)
offentlig sikkerhed
vare med dobbelt formål
ulovlig handel
ikkespredning af atomvåben
Crisis and force majeure regulation
In September 2020, the European Commission proposed a new pact on asylum and migration. The legislative package related to the pact includes a proposal for a regulation dealing with crisis and force majeure in the field of migration and asylum, aimed at establishing a mechanism for dealing with mass influxes and irregular arrivals of third-country nationals in a Member State. The regulation would set out the solidarity mechanism procedure in the event of returns of irregular migrants applying the ...
In September 2020, the European Commission proposed a new pact on asylum and migration. The legislative package related to the pact includes a proposal for a regulation dealing with crisis and force majeure in the field of migration and asylum, aimed at establishing a mechanism for dealing with mass influxes and irregular arrivals of third-country nationals in a Member State. The regulation would set out the solidarity mechanism procedure in the event of returns of irregular migrants applying the possibility for return sponsorship on behalf of another Member State, as established in the Asylum and Migration Management Regulation (AMR). It would also provide for shorter deadlines in comparison to usual procedures under the AMR, when applicable in a crisis situation and for some derogations in crisis situations concerning the asylum crisis management procedure, the return crisis management procedure, and the registration of international protection applications in crisis situations. First edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Området med Frihed, Sikkerhed og Retfærdighed
Nikolai ATANASSOV
Representative actions to protect the collective interests of consumers: A new deal for consumers
On 11 April 2018, the European Commission published a proposal for a new directive on representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers. Currently, consumer organisations or independent public bodies can bring actions in the name of consumers in courts or before administrative authorities to stop infringements of consumer legislation. According to the proposal, they would be able to demand compensation for consumers as well. The co-legislators adopted a new directive ...
On 11 April 2018, the European Commission published a proposal for a new directive on representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers. Currently, consumer organisations or independent public bodies can bring actions in the name of consumers in courts or before administrative authorities to stop infringements of consumer legislation. According to the proposal, they would be able to demand compensation for consumers as well. The co-legislators adopted a new directive in November 2020. According to that directive, Member States will decide themselves the criteria for the designation of qualified entities for domestic actions, while the criteria for cross-border actions will be common across the whole of the EU. A loser-pays principle will be introduced, requiring the defeated party to pay the costs of the proceedings for the successful party. The Commission is required to evaluate, within five years, whether a European ombudsman for collective redress for consumers is necessary.
Forbrugerbeskyttelse
Nikolina SAJN
overtrædelse af EU-retten
kollektivt søgsmål
kollektiv interesse
Review of EU Enforcement Regulation for trade disputes
On 12 December 2019, the European Commission adopted a proposal to amend Regulation (EU) No 654/2014 concerning the exercise of the EU's rights for the application and enforcement of international trade rules ('the Enforcement Regulation') of 15 May 2014. The Enforcement Regulation enables the EU to suspend or withdraw concessions or other obligations under international trade agreements in order to respond to breaches by third countries of international trade rules that affect the EU's commercial ...
On 12 December 2019, the European Commission adopted a proposal to amend Regulation (EU) No 654/2014 concerning the exercise of the EU's rights for the application and enforcement of international trade rules ('the Enforcement Regulation') of 15 May 2014. The Enforcement Regulation enables the EU to suspend or withdraw concessions or other obligations under international trade agreements in order to respond to breaches by third countries of international trade rules that affect the EU's commercial interests. The proposed amendments would enable the EU to impose counter-measures in situations where EU trade partners violate international trade rules and block the dispute settlement procedures included in multilateral, regional and bilateral trade agreements, thus preventing the EU from obtaining final binding rulings in its favour. The latter are required under the current EU regulation to enforce international trade rules. The Council adopted its negotiating position on 8 April 2020, and the Committee on International Trade (INTA) of the European Parliament adopted its position on 6 July 2020. Trilogue negotiations concluded on 28 October with a provisional agreement, which INTA endorsed on 10 November. Parliament is now set to vote on adopting the agreed text during the January 2021 part-session. Second edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Gisela GRIEGER
fælles handelspolitik
EU-forordning
tredjeland
handelstvist
bilæggelse af tvister
Single European Sky 2+ package: Amended Commission proposal
The Single European Sky (SES) initiative aims to make EU airspace less fragmented and to improve air traffic management in terms of safety, capacity, cost-efficiency and the environment. Its current regulatory framework is based on two legislative packages: SES I (adopted in 2004), which set the principal legal framework, and SES II (adopted in 2009), which aimed to tackle substantial air traffic growth, increase safety, and reduce costs and delays and the impact of air traffic on the environment ...
The Single European Sky (SES) initiative aims to make EU airspace less fragmented and to improve air traffic management in terms of safety, capacity, cost-efficiency and the environment. Its current regulatory framework is based on two legislative packages: SES I (adopted in 2004), which set the principal legal framework, and SES II (adopted in 2009), which aimed to tackle substantial air traffic growth, increase safety, and reduce costs and delays and the impact of air traffic on the environment. Nonetheless, European airspace remains fragmented, costly and inefficient. The European Commission presented a revision of the SES in 2013 (the SES 2+ package). While the Parliament adopted its first-reading position in March 2014, in December 2014 the Council agreed only a partial general approach, owing to disagreement between the UK and Spain over the application of the text to Gibraltar airport. With Brexit having removed this blockage, and also to take into account the changed context, the Commission has amended its initial proposal. The Council and the Parliament are now discussing the revised proposal.
Maria Niestadt
European climate law
On 4 March 2020, the European Commission adopted a legislative proposal for a European climate law, setting the objective for the EU to become climate-neutral by 2050 and establishing a framework for achieving that objective. The Commission would be empowered to set out an emissions trajectory for the period between 2030 and 2050. The proposed regulation would also require EU institutions and Member States to build on their climate change measures. The Commission would have to carry out five-yearly ...
On 4 March 2020, the European Commission adopted a legislative proposal for a European climate law, setting the objective for the EU to become climate-neutral by 2050 and establishing a framework for achieving that objective. The Commission would be empowered to set out an emissions trajectory for the period between 2030 and 2050. The proposed regulation would also require EU institutions and Member States to build on their climate change measures. The Commission would have to carry out five-yearly assessments – aligned with the review cycle of the Paris Agreement – of progress made towards the objectives and of the consistency of national and EU measures with the objectives. It would be required to take corrective action and could issue recommendations to Member States whose measures were inconsistent with the emissions trajectory. Moreover, the Commission would have to ensure broad public participation. On 17 September 2020, following an impact assessment presented in the 2030 climate target plan, the Commission amended the proposal to introduce the updated 2030 climate target of a net reduction of at least 55 % of the EU's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to 1990 levels. In the European Parliament, the proposal has been referred to the Committee on Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. The Parliament adopted its position on 6 October 2020, calling for a 60 % emissions reduction by 2030. Second edition. The 'EU Legislation in Progress' briefings are updated at key stages throughout the legislative procedure.
Gregor ERBACH
klimaændring
drivhusgas
reduktion af gasemissioner
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EPRS online policy roundtable with the World Bank: Where next for the global economy
Anden begivenhed -
EPRS
Public Hearing on "Gender aspects of precarious work"
Høring -
Public hearing on AI and Green Deal
Organisationen for Økonomisk Samarbejde og Udvikling (OECD)
Det Europæiske Universitetsinstitut (EUI)
Det Europæiske Center for Parlamentarisk Forskning og Dokumentation (ECPRD)
Se fuldstændig liste


or acute conditions, every half an hour (up to 6 doses per day) until symptoms subside.
For chronic or maintenance dose, 4 times daily.
Each tablet contains 0.5mcg of the Mineral Tissue Salt Magnesium Phosphate in a lactose base.


Delivers maximum digging depth with a long arm in the 2-3 tonne weight category. Even with the long arm, these machines generate the largest power in their class for both arm and bucket digging. Additionally these machines offer impressive lifting power and include a host of robust features for a high performance package.


text:
/**
 * Graphology Utils Unit Tests
 * ============================
 */
var assert = require('assert');
var Graph = require('graphology');
var createTupleComparator =
  require('mnemonist/utils/comparators').createTupleComparator;
var mergeClique = require('graphology-utils/merge-clique');
var assertions = require('graphology-assertions');

var areSameGraphsDeep = assertions.areSameGraphsDeep;
var haveSameEdgesDeep = assertions.haveSameEdgesDeep;

var reverse = require('./reverse.js');
var subgraph = require('./subgraph');
var union = require('./union.js');
var disjointUnion = require('./disjoint-union.js');
var toDirected = require('./to-directed.js');
var toMixed = require('./to-mixed.js');
var toMulti = require('./to-multi.js');
var toSimple = require('./to-simple.js');
var toUndirected = require('./to-undirected.js');

function addNodesFrom(graph, nodes) {
  nodes.forEach(function (node) {
    graph.addNode(node);
  });
}

function sortedEdgePairs(graph) {
  return graph
    .edges()
    .map(function (edge) {
      return graph.extremities(edge).sort();
    })
    .sort(createTupleComparator(2));
}

describe('graphology-operators', function () {
  describe('unary', function () {
    describe('reverse', function () {
      it('should throw if graph is invalid.', function () {
        assert.throws(function () {
          reverse(null);
        }, /valid/);
      });

      it('should correctly reverse the given graph.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph();

        addNodesFrom(graph, ['John', 'Martha', 'Ada']);
        graph.addEdgeWithKey('J->M', 'John', 'Martha');
        graph.addUndirectedEdgeWithKey('M<->A', 'Martha', 'Ada');

        var reversed = reverse(graph);

        assert.strictEqual(graph.order, reversed.order);
        assert.strictEqual(graph.size, reversed.size);

        assert.strictEqual(reversed.hasDirectedEdge('Martha', 'John'), true);
      });
    });

    describe('subgraph', function () {
      it('should throw if given arguments are invalid.', function () {
        assert.throws(function () {
          subgraph(null);
        }, /valid/);

        assert.throws(function () {
          subgraph(new Graph(), null);
        }, /valid/);
      });

      it('should throw if given nodes are not found in the graph.', function () {
        assert.throws(function () {
          subgraph(new Graph(), ['test']);
        }, /node/);
      });

      it('should return an null graph if no node is given.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph();
        graph.mergeEdge(1, 2);

        function returnFalse() {
          return false;
        }

        assert.strictEqual(subgraph(graph, []).size, 0);
        assert.strictEqual(subgraph(graph, new Set()).size, 0);
        assert.strictEqual(subgraph(graph, returnFalse).size, 0);
      });

      it('should be possible to get a subgraph from an array of nodes.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph();
        mergeClique(graph, [0, 1, 2, 3]);

        var sub = subgraph(graph, [0, 1]);

        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(0), true);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(1), true);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(2), false);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(3), false);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasEdge(0, 1), true);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasEdge(1, 2), false);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.size, 1);
      });

      it('should be possible to get a subgraph from a set of nodes.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph();
        mergeClique(graph, [0, 1, 2, 3]);

        var sub = subgraph(graph, new Set([0, 1]));

        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(0), true);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(1), true);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(2), false);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(3), false);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasEdge(0, 1), true);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasEdge(1, 2), false);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.size, 1);
      });

      it('should be possible to get a subgraph from a filtering function', function () {
        var graph = new Graph();
        mergeClique(graph, [0, 1, 2, 3]);

        var sub = subgraph(graph, function (key, attr) {
          assert.deepStrictEqual(graph.getNodeAttributes(key), attr);

          if (key === '0' || key === '1') return true;

          return false;
        });

        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(0), true);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(1), true);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(2), false);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasNode(3), false);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasEdge(0, 1), true);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.hasEdge(1, 2), false);
        assert.strictEqual(sub.size, 1);
      });
    });
  });

  describe('binary', function () {
    describe('union', function () {
      it('should throw if graphs are invalid.', function () {
        assert.throws(function () {
          union(null, new Graph());
        }, /valid/);

        assert.throws(function () {
          union(new Graph(), null);
        }, /valid/);
      });

      it('should throw if graphs are not both simple or both multi.', function () {
        var simpleGraph = new Graph(),
          multiGraph = new Graph({multi: true});

        assert.throws(function () {
          union(simpleGraph, multiGraph);
        }, /multi/);
      });

      it('should produce the correct union of the given graphs.', function () {
        var G = new Graph(),
          H = new Graph();

        addNodesFrom(G, [1, 2]);
        addNodesFrom(H, [1, 3]);

        G.addEdgeWithKey('1->2', '1', '2');
        H.addEdgeWithKey('1->3', '1', '3');

        var R = union(G, H);

        assert.deepStrictEqual(R.nodes(), ['1', '2', '3']);
        assert.deepStrictEqual(R.edges(), ['1->2', '1->3']);
      });
    });

    describe('disjoint-union', function () {
      it('should throw if graphs are invalid.', function () {
        assert.throws(function () {
          disjointUnion(null, new Graph());
        }, /valid/);

        assert.throws(function () {
          disjointUnion(new Graph(), null);
        }, /valid/);
      });

      it('should throw if graphs are not both simple or both multi.', function () {
        var simpleGraph = new Graph(),
          multiGraph = new Graph({multi: true});

        assert.throws(function () {
          disjointUnion(simpleGraph, multiGraph);
        }, /multi/);
      });

      it('should produce the correct disjoint union of the given graphs.', function () {
        var G = new Graph(),
          H = new Graph();

        addNodesFrom(G, [1, 2]);
        addNodesFrom(H, [1, 3]);

        G.addEdge('1', '2');
        H.addEdge('1', '3');

        var R = disjointUnion(G, H);

        assert.deepStrictEqual(R.nodes(), ['0', '1', '2', '3']);

        var edges = sortedEdgePairs(R);

        assert.deepStrictEqual(edges, [
          ['0', '1'],
          ['2', '3']
        ]);
      });

      it('should produce the correct disjoint union of the given graphs with keyed edges.', function () {
        var G = new Graph(),
          H = new Graph();

        addNodesFrom(G, [1, 2]);
        addNodesFrom(H, [1, 3]);

        G.addEdgeWithKey('1->2', '1', '2');
        H.addEdgeWithKey('1->3', '1', '3');

        var R = disjointUnion(G, H);

        assert.deepStrictEqual(R.nodes(), ['0', '1', '2', '3']);

        var edges = sortedEdgePairs(R);

        assert.deepStrictEqual(edges, [
          ['0', '1'],
          ['2', '3']
        ]);
      });
    });
  });

  describe('cast', function () {
    describe('toSimple', function () {
      it('should throw when given an invalid graph.', function () {
        assert.throws(function () {
          toSimple('test');
        }, /graphology/);
      });

      it('should only return a plain copy of a simple graph.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph();

        graph.mergeEdge(1, 2);

        var copy = toSimple(graph);

        assert.notStrictEqual(graph, copy);
        assert.deepStrictEqual(graph.nodes(), copy.nodes());
      });

      it('should return a simple graph from a multi one.', function () {
        var multiGraph = new Graph({multi: true});

        multiGraph.mergeEdge('one', 'two');
        multiGraph.addEdge('one', 'two');
        multiGraph.addEdge('one', 'two');

        assert.strictEqual(multiGraph.order, 2);
        assert.strictEqual(multiGraph.size, 3);

        var simpleGraph = toSimple(multiGraph);

        assert.strictEqual(simpleGraph.multi, false);
        assert.deepStrictEqual(simpleGraph.nodes(), ['one', 'two']);
        assert.strictEqual(simpleGraph.size, 1);
      });

      it('should be possible to aggregate edge attributes.', function () {
        var multiGraph = new Graph({multi: true});

        multiGraph.mergeEdge('one', 'two', {weight: 2});
        multiGraph.mergeEdge('one', 'two', {weight: 3});
        multiGraph.mergeEdge('one', 'two', {weight: 1});
        multiGraph.mergeEdge('two', 'three', {weight: 5});

        var simpleGraph = toSimple(multiGraph, function (a1, a2) {
          return {
            weight: a1.weight + a2.weight
          };
        });

        assert.strictEqual(simpleGraph.multi, false);

        var expectedGraph = new Graph();
        expectedGraph.mergeEdge('one', 'two', {weight: 6});
        expectedGraph.mergeEdge('two', 'three', {weight: 5});

        assert(areSameGraphsDeep(simpleGraph, expectedGraph));
      });
    });

    describe('toDirected', function () {
      it('should throw when given an invalid graph.', function () {
        assert.throws(function () {
          toDirected('test');
        }, /graphology/);
      });

      it('should only return a plain copy of a directed graph.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph({type: 'directed'});

        graph.mergeEdge(1, 2);

        var copy = toDirected(graph);

        assert.notStrictEqual(graph, copy);
        assert.deepStrictEqual(graph.nodes(), copy.nodes());
      });

      it('should properly cast graph to undirected version.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph({type: 'undirected'});

        graph.mergeEdge(1, 2);
        graph.mergeEdge(2, 1);
        graph.mergeEdge(3, 2, {weight: 30});

        var copy = toDirected(graph);

        assert.notStrictEqual(graph, copy);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.order, 3);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.size, 4);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.hasEdge(1, 2), true);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.hasEdge(2, 1), true);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.hasEdge(2, 3), true);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.hasEdge(3, 2), true);

        assert.deepStrictEqual(copy.getEdgeAttributes(3, 2), {weight: 30});
        assert.deepStrictEqual(copy.getEdgeAttributes(2, 3), {weight: 30});
      });

      it('should be possible to pass a `mergeEdge` function.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph();

        graph.mergeDirectedEdge(1, 2, {weight: 2});
        graph.mergeUndirectedEdge(1, 2, {weight: 4});

        var copy = toDirected(graph, function (current, next) {
          current.weight += next.weight;

          return current;
        });

        assert.notStrictEqual(graph, copy);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.type, 'directed');
        assert.strictEqual(copy.order, 2);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.size, 2);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.hasEdge(1, 2), true);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.hasEdge(2, 1), true);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.getEdgeAttribute(1, 2, 'weight'), 6);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.getEdgeAttribute(2, 1, 'weight'), 4);
      });

      it('should be possible to cast a graph containing self-loops.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph({type: 'undirected'});
        graph.mergeEdge(1, 1);
        graph.mergeEdge(2, 3);

        var directed = toDirected(graph);

        assert.strictEqual(directed.size, 3);
        assert.strictEqual(directed.selfLoopCount, 1);
      });

      it('should be possible to cast a multi graph.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph({multi: true, type: 'mixed'});

        graph.mergeUndirectedEdge(0, 1, {color: 'red'});
        graph.mergeUndirectedEdge(1, 0, {color: 'blue'});

        var copy = toDirected(graph);

        var expected = new Graph({multi: true, type: 'directed'});
        expected.mergeEdge(0, 1, {color: 'red'});
        expected.mergeEdge(1, 0, {color: 'blue'});
        expected.mergeEdge(1, 0, {color: 'red'});
        expected.mergeEdge(0, 1, {color: 'blue'});

        assert.strictEqual(areSameGraphsDeep(copy, expected), true);
      });
    });

    describe('toMixed', function () {
      it('should throw when given an invalid graph.', function () {
        assert.throws(function () {
          toMixed('test');
        }, /graphology/);
      });

      it('should only return a plain copy of a directed graph.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph({type: 'directed'});

        graph.mergeEdge(1, 2);

        var copy = toMixed(graph);

        assert.strictEqual(copy.type, 'mixed');
        assert.strictEqual(haveSameEdgesDeep(graph, copy), true);
      });
    });

    describe('toMulti', function () {
      it('should throw when given an invalid graph.', function () {
        assert.throws(function () {
          toMulti('test');
        }, /graphology/);
      });

      it('should only return a plain copy of a directed graph.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph({multi: false});

        graph.mergeEdge(1, 2);

        var copy = toMulti(graph);

        assert.strictEqual(copy.multi, true);
        assert.strictEqual(haveSameEdgesDeep(graph, copy), true);
      });
    });

    describe('toUndirected', function () {
      it('should throw when given an invalid graph.', function () {
        assert.throws(function () {
          toUndirected('test');
        }, /graphology/);
      });

      it('should only return a plain copy of an undirected graph.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph({type: 'undirected'});

        graph.mergeEdge(1, 2);

        var copy = toUndirected(graph);

        assert.notStrictEqual(graph, copy);
        assert.deepStrictEqual(graph.nodes(), copy.nodes());
      });

      it('should properly cast graph to undirected version.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph({type: 'directed'});

        graph.mergeEdge(1, 2);
        graph.mergeEdge(2, 1);
        graph.mergeEdge(3, 2);

        var copy = toUndirected(graph);

        assert.notStrictEqual(graph, copy);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.order, 3);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.size, 2);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.hasEdge(1, 2), true);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.hasEdge(2, 3), true);
      });

      it('should be possible to pass a `mergeEdge` function.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph({type: 'directed'});

        graph.mergeEdge(1, 2, {weight: 2});
        graph.mergeEdge(2, 1, {weight: 3});
        graph.mergeEdge(3, 2, {weight: 3});

        var copy = toUndirected(graph, function (current, next) {
          current.weight += next.weight;

          return current;
        });

        assert.notStrictEqual(graph, copy);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.order, 3);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.size, 2);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.hasEdge(1, 2), true);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.hasEdge(2, 3), true);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.getEdgeAttribute(1, 2, 'weight'), 5);
        assert.strictEqual(copy.getEdgeAttribute(3, 2, 'weight'), 3);
      });

      it('should be possible to cast a multi graph.', function () {
        var graph = new Graph({multi: true, type: 'directed'});

        graph.mergeEdge(0, 1, {color: 'blue'});
        graph.mergeEdge(0, 1, {color: 'red'});
        graph.mergeEdge(0, 1, {color: 'yellow'});
        graph.mergeEdge(1, 0);

        var copy = toUndirected(graph);

        var expected = new Graph({multi: true, type: 'undirected'});

        expected.mergeEdge(0, 1, {color: 'yellow'});
        expected.mergeEdge(1, 0, {color: 'red'});
        expected.mergeEdge(1, 0, {color: 'blue'});
        expected.mergeEdge(0, 1);

        assert.strictEqual(areSameGraphsDeep(copy, expected), true);
      });
    });
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
module Stripe
  module ApiVersion
    CURRENT = "2022-11-15"
  end
end


Kyle May and Mark Tate won third place internationally for their Creative Marketing plan with The Performance Academy. Katie Godfrey, Megan Gravley and Sydney Snedeker won first place internationally for their Learn & Earn project for the Peak City Gala of Hope benefitting the V Foundation for Cancer Research.
Apex High School was the only school in North Carolina to win multiple international trophies and the only school in North Carolina to win a first place trophy.
The following students were honored at Apex Middle School for the character trait of good judgement: Rachel Anderson, Luke Colwell, Kyle Davis, Ryan Decker, Ansley Harris, Elizabeth Her, Benjamin Ingham, Anna Jenkins, Erin Kepley, Morgan Latham, John LeMoine, Emma Lynch, John McCrimmon, Amy Morgan, Timothy Partridge, Fen Porter, Audrey Revis and Alex Robertson.
Green Hope High School's Winter Indoor Percussion unit continued to improve this season and was promoted to the Scholastic Open division in both the regional circuit, the Atlantic Indoor Association, and the national circuit, the Winter Guard International. Green Hope is currently the only school in North Carolina or Virginia in the WGI Open Division.
Green Hope placed second at the World Guard International Regional competition in Virginia.
Team members include Will Meek, Michael Toland, Jack DelVecchio, Praveen Srinivasimurthy, Daniel Kim, Mich Mussara, Matthew Sokol, Josh Sharpe, Addison Jordan, Jay Natale, Will Schoeffler, Liam Gaynor, Rose Kim, Chris Embry, Blake Calva, Brian Ho, Naomi Buell, Adam Vosburgh, Emily Magee, Ben Clements, Caity Caggia, Annemarie Farina, Seth Wesner, James Roman, Carolyn Caggia, Kaitlyn Geikler, Jeremy Jordan, Eric Westerhold, Allison Brockman and Avery Sullivan. The student managers are Avanthika Iyengar and Ali Kotze. The coaches are Aaron Tucker, Sean Combes, Mario Taylor, Matt Hartwell and Justin Belcher.
The Holly Springs High School Athletic Department will hold an open house for all incoming freshman and their parents/guardians at 7 p.m. Thursday, May 17, in the gymnasium. The Golden Hawks Club and all head coaches will be in attendance. During this time all dates will be given regarding tryouts, summer workouts and physicals. Questions will be answered by the staff.
The Wake County Public School System will offer the following classes through its Lifelong Learning Program. Call 919-431-7593 or email lifelonglearning@wcpss.net.
The Substitute Teachers Association of Wake County will meet from 5 to 7 p.m. Thursday, May 17, at St. Timothy's School, 4523 Six Forks Road, Raleigh. RSVP to stawakecounty@gmail.com.


text:
Parathyreoidea (dansk: biskjoldbruskkirtlerne) er beliggende på halsen (lige bag skjoldbruskkirtlen). De producerer hormonet parathyroideahormon, som er vigtigt for reguleringen af blodets calciumindhold.

Kirtler

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


WedsSport racing wheels provided weight reduction, uniformity and strength. WedsSport, victorious in JGTC racing as well as at other motorsports events, uses the knowledge gained on the track to design and tune each wheel produced for maximum strength and a minimum weight. Wheels are Original Equipment quality and meet the world standards set by JWL and VIA, as well. WedsSport wheels are great for both form and function. Price is for a complete set of 4 wheels with center cap and air valve stem.
The latest iteration of the popular Gram Lights 57D, the Gram Lights 57D-R is a North American Exclusive model which is not available in Japan. With the addition of "R" standing for RACE, the 57D-R is even more aggressive than the 57D for the most concave look possible. From street use to road racing and drifting, all aspects were addressed to bring you a high performance wheel at an affordable price. This wheel is offered in a Bronze and is a SubiSpeed exclusive in this fitment. Fits with any combo of below: Stock Springs Lowering Springs Coilovers No Rolling Needed Flush Fitment, no Poke Clears Brembo Brakes Price is for a complete set of 4 wheels.