text:
\section*{}

\section{Introduction}

Nowadays, there is a high demand for coherent light sources in the
ultraviolet (UV) to extreme ultraviolet (XUV) spectral range. These sources
are the essential ingredients for basic research, material science, biology
and recently lithography~\cite{misharmp}. Currently, high order harmonic generation
(HHG) is the well-known and experimentally proven method for producing coherent XUV. In order to generate high order harmonic, we need to amplify the output of the current femtosecond oscillators by carrying out complex processes like chirped-pulse amplification. In addition, the XUV based on HHG has low duty cycle and efficiency \cite{kim}.

 \ \

In the case using plasmonic enhanced fields to generate high-order
harmonics, it is not necessary to utilize extra cavities or laser pumping to
amplify the pulse power. Indeed, by exploiting surface plasmon resonances,
the local electric fields can be enhanced by more than 20dB~\cit
{muhl,schuck}. In here, the input driven laser field is largly amplified to reach the threshold intensity required for high-order harmonic generation
(HHG) in noble gases. In addition, the pulse repetition rate remains
unchanged without employing any extra pumping or cavities. Furthermore, the
high harmonics radiation generated from each nanostructure acts as a
point-like source, which through constructive interference will provide even
more focused coherent radiations. This will provide a wide range of
possibilities to spatially rearrange the nanostructures to enhance and shape
the HHG spectral.

\ \

The basic principle of HHG based on plasmonics can be described as follows (
\cite{kim}). As a result of coupling of the external femtosecond low
intensity pulse with the plasmon mode, a collective oscillation of free
charges is induced within the localized regions of the nanostructure. The
free charges redistribute the electric field around the nanostructure
vicinity and form a spot of highly enhanced electric field. The enhanced
field exceeds the threshold intensity needed for generating high order
harmonic. Now, by injecting noble gases into the spot of the enhanced field
HHG can be produced.

\ \

In the experiment of Kim et al.~\cite{kim}, which has been recently under an intense scrutiny, (Ref. [15-17] of rapid), the
output of modest femotosecond oscillator (a pulse with 10 fs duration, 800
nm wavelength and 10$^{11}$ W/cm$^{2}$ intensity) was directly focused into
bow-tie nanoantenna array filled by argon gas to produce XUV radiations.
Despite using such low intensity, which is two orders of magnitude less than
the threshold intensity required for generating HHG in noble gases, they managed to
generate XUV wavelengths from the 7th (114 nm) to the 17th (47 nm)
harmonics. Based on finite-element calculation, they showed the laser pulse intensity was enhanced by a factor of 2-4 order of magnitude, which is large enough to produce harmonic far beyond 17th. It is clear that there is a very big difference between the theoretical and experimental estimations.

\ \

Due to the strong confinement of plasmonic hot spots the
locally enhanced field is spatially inhomogeneous, which will strongly influence
the subsequent motion of the electron in the continuum. As a result, the main features of strong field phenomena could be alerted in such non-homogenous field. Indeed, our previous works and on HHG \cit
{ciappi2012,ciappiprl,tahirsfa} and above-threshold ionization(ATI)~\cite{ciappiati} demonstrated that the inhomogeneity strength of the field plays an important role for extending the cutoff of HHG and ATI. Ref.  \cite{yavuz,husakou} have reported similar behavior. Thus the local
field enhancement can only be realistically estimated if we take this effect
into the account. In fact, in Ref \cite{kim}, the harmonic order was used to
estimate the resonant plasmon field enhancement without taking this into the account. In this paper, we will investigate the relationship between the inhomogeneity strength of the field and HHG cutoff to estimate the field enhancement of the plasmonic nanostructure.

\ \

From theoretical point of view, the HHG process can be tackled using
different approaches (for details see the review articles in ~\cit
{book1,book2}). In this article, we concentrate our effort in the estimation
of the laser intensity in nonhomogeneous fields using a well established
quantum mechanical approach, i.e. the Time Dependent Schr\"{o}dinger
Equation (TDSE) in reduced dimensions.

\ \

The paper is organized as follows. In the next section (Sec. II) we present
our theoretical approach to model high-order harmonic generation (HHG)
spectra produced by non-homogeneous fields. In Sec. III we employ the HHG
spectra calculated via the 1D-TDSE to estimate the laser intensity in the
experiment of Ref. \cite{kim}. We discuss how the nonhomogeneous character
of the laser electric field produces noticeable modifications in the HHG
spectra and how it is possible to reach the similar cutoffs by employing
smaller laser intensities. The paper ends with a short summary and an brief
outlook.

\section{Theory}

\indent We model the high-order harmonic generation (HHG) by considering the
dynamics of the free electron to be mainly along the
direction of the laser field, i.e. linearly polarized laser field. As a result,
it is reasonable to use the time dependent Schr\"odinger equation in
reduced dimensions((1D-TDSE)). It reads

\begin{eqnarray}  \label{tdse}
\mathrm{i} \frac{\partial \Psi(x,t)}{\partial t}&=&\mathcal{H}(t)\Psi(x,t) \\
&=&\left[-\frac{1}{2}\frac{\partial^{2}}{\partial x^{2}
+V_{atom}(x)+V_{laser}(x,t)\right]\Psi(x,t),  \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}

where $V_{atom}(x)$ and $V_{laser}(x,t)$ represent the atomic potential and the
potential due to the laser electric field, respectively. For $V_{atom}$ , we use
soft-core potential
\begin{eqnarray}  \label{atom}
V_{atom}(x)&=&-\frac{1}{\sqrt{x^2+a^2}}
\end{eqnarray}
which was first introduced in~\cite{eberly} and since then has been widely used
in laser-matter processes of atoms.
 In Eq. (\ref{atom}), the parameter $a$ is chosen in a such way to match the ionization potential of the atom under
consideration. In this work, we set $a=1.19$ in order to model argon atom.
The laser electric field is
linearly polarized along the $x$-axis and the potential associated is
modified to incorporate nonhomogeneous fields. Consequently we write
\begin{eqnarray}  \label{vlaser}
V_{laser}(x,t)&=&E(x,t)\,x
\end{eqnarray}
with laser electric field is given by
\begin{equation}  \label{electric}
E(x,t)=E_0\,f(t)\, (1+\varepsilon g(x))\,\sin\omega t.
\end{equation}
In (\ref{electric}), $E_0$ is the electric peak
amplitude and $\omega$ is the frequency of the coherent electromagnetic
radiation. $f(t)$ defines the pulse envelope and $\varepsilon$
is a small parameter that characterizes the inhomogeneity region. The $g(x)$
function represents the functional form of the nonhomogeneous field. For the plasmonic enhanced fields, to a first
approximation one can employ $g(x)=x$. For the problem we study in this paper, this is a good approximation as far as strong field is
concern since the excursion of the electron is very small and it sees a liner inhomogeneous field. To model short laser pulses, we shall
use a sin-squared envelope $f(t)$ given by
\begin{equation}
f(t)=\sin ^{2}\left( \frac{\omega t}{2n_{p}}\right),  \label{ft}
\end{equation
where $n_{p}$ and $\tau =2\pi n_{p}/\omega$ are the total number of cycles and the total time duration of
the pulse, respectively.

We used Crank-Nicolson
scheme~\cite{keitel} for solving Eq. (\ref{tdse}). In order to avoid spurious reflections from the
boundaries, at each time
step, we multiplied the total electronic wave function by a mask function of the form $cos^{1/8}$, which starts from the 2/3 of the grid and varies from 1 to 0~\cite{mask}.

Once the electronic state $\Psi(x,t)$ at the end of the laser
pulse from is found, we calculated the harmonic spectrum by
Fourier transforming the acceleration $a(t)$ of its active electron~\cit
{schafer}, i.e.
\begin{equation}  \label{spec}
D(\omega)=\left| \frac{1}{\tau}\frac{1}{\omega^2}\int_{-\infty}^{\infty
\mathrm{d} t\mathrm{e}^{-\mathrm{i} \omega t}a(t)\right|^2.
\end{equation}
In Eq. (\ref{spec}), $a(t)$ was obtained by using the following commutator
relation
\begin{equation}  \label{accel1D}
a(t)=\frac{\mathrm{d}^{2}\langle x \rangle}{\mathrm{d} t^2}=-\langle \Psi(t)
| \left[ \mathcal{H}(t),\left[ \mathcal{H}(t),x\right]\right] | \Psi(t)
\rangle,
\end{equation}
where $\mathcal{H}(t)$ is the Hamiltonian defined in Eq. (\ref{tdse}).
The function $D(\omega)$ is so-called the dipole spectrum since it gives the spectral profile measured in HHG experiments.

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\resizebox*{8cm}{!}{\includegraphics{Figure1.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{HHG spectra calculated using the 1D-TDSE for Ar atoms. The laser
pulse has $\protect\lambda=800$ nm and a sin-squared envelope of 6 optical
cycles of total time duration. Panel (a) homogeneous case with laser
intensity $I=5.6\times10^{13}$ W/cm$^{2}$, panel (b) $\protect\varepsilo
=0.001$ with laser intensity $I=4\times10^{13}$ W/cm$^{2}$, panel (c)
\protect\varepsilon=0.002$ with laser intensity $I=3\times10^{13}$ W/cm$^{2}$
and panel (d) $\protect\varepsilon=0.005$ with laser intensity
I=1\times10^{13}$ W/cm$^{2}$.}
\end{figure}

Using classical arguments it is possible to show that the harmonic radiation
has a cutoff that fulfill the relationship
\begin{equation}  \label{cutoff}
n_{c}\omega=3.17 U_p+I_p,
\end{equation}
where $n_c$ is the harmonic order at the cutoff \cite{sfa}. In here, $U_p$ denotes the ponderomotive energy defined as $U_p=I/4\omega^2$, with $I$ presenting the laser intensity in a.u.. From Eq. (\ref{cutoff}), it is possible to approximately
extract the field intensity using the experimental HHG spectra,
namely
\begin{equation}  \label{cutoffi}
I\,[\mathrm{a.u}]=\frac{4\omega^{2}}{3.17}(n_c\omega-|I_p|).
\end{equation}

In unit of W/cm$^{2}$, this leads  $I\,[\mathrm{W/cm}^{2}]=I_0 I\,[\mathrm{a.u}]$, where $I_0=3.51\times10^{16}$
W/cm$^{2}$ gives the atomic unit of intensity.

\ \

Eq. (\ref{cutoff}) is derived by solving the Newton equation of motion for an electron moving in a
oscillating field linearly polarized under the following
conditions (the three step or simple man's model~\cite{corkum}): (i) From position $x(t_i)=0$, the electron is ionized at time $t = t_i$ with zero velocity, then (ii) it starts accelerating in the field for half a cycle and when the electric field reverses its direction, (iii)returns to its initial position at a time $t=t_r$ (\textit{recollides} with its parent ion).
The electron kinetic energy at the return time $t_r$ can be obtained from $E_k(t_r)=\dot{x}(t_r)^{2}/2$. Eq.
By finding the value of $t_r$ (as a function of $t_r$) which maximizes this energy we will fulfill Eq. (\ref{cutoff}).

\ \

To estimate the intensity of the laser resonant enhanced field, one cannot simply use  Eqs. (\ref{cutoff}) and (\re
{cutoffi}). These relations are not anymore valid because the field is not spatially homogenous and one needs to take this
factor into the account in order to correctly estimate the field intensity. In our scheme, however, the
laser intensity can be extracted by inspecting the HHG spectra obtained from
the 1D-TDSE. The procedure would be as follows: (i) for a given cutoff $n_c
, make a first estimation of the laser intensity using Eq.(\ref{cutoffi}),
i.e. using an homogeneous electric field; (ii) introduce a small value of
\varepsilon$ and solve the 1D-TDSE by reducing the laser intensity (in general smaller
intensity values will be needed) till the same cutoff
n_c$ prescribed in (i) is reached; (iii) record the values of $\varepsilon$
and $I$ to establish if they are consistent with the geometry of the
nanostructure and the experimental conditions.

\section{Results and discussion}

We employ the 1D-TDSE to calculate HHG spectra using the actual parameters
presented in Kim et al~\cite{kim}, a laser with wavelength of $\omega=0.057$ a.u. (800 nm)
and argon atom with potential of $I_p=0.579$ a.u. (15.7596 eV). From the experimentally measured spectra it is possible to observe a HHG cutoff at of  $n_c\approx 17$ (see Fig. 4 of Ref.~\cite{kim}). Using Eq. (\ref{cutoffi}), this cutoff corresponds to the plasmonic field intensity enhancement of $I\approx 5.6\times10^{13}$ W/cm$^{2}$. In order to validate this result, we use the obtained intensity and calculate HHG spectra by employing our 1D-TDSE model. For this simulation, we use a sin-squared shaped laser pulse with total time duration of 6 optical cycles (16 fs). Our calculations gives the same cutoff as the measurements of Kim et al.~\cite{kim}($n_c=17$), as shown in Fig. 1 (a).

\ \

\begin{figure}[tbp]
\begin{center}
\resizebox*{7cm}{!}{\includegraphics{Figure2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Laser intensity as a function of the inhomogeneity parameter
\protect\varepsilon$ for a fixed value of the harmonic cutoff ($n_c=17$).}
\end{figure}

In the next step, we introduced small values of $\varepsilon$ in our model to demonstrate the behavior of the HHG spectra.
In this demonstration we keep the cutoff $n_c\approx 17$ constant and for a given $\varepsilon$ we reduce the intensity until  matching the cutoff.
In our model, which we considered a linear term to approximated the non-homogenous field, this parameter($\varepsilon$) characterizes the inhomogeneity region~\cite{husakou} which could be related to the gap size of the bow-tie nanostructure of Ref. \cite{kim}.

In panels (b), (c) and (d), we plotted HHG spectra for
\varepsilon=0.001$ and $I=4\times10^{13}$ W/cm$^{2}$, $\varepsilon=0.002$
and $I=3\times10^{13}$ W/cm$^{2}$ and $\varepsilon=0.005$ and
I=1\times10^{13}$ W/cm$^{2}$, respectively. The different panels correspond
to inhomogeneity regions ($\xi=1/\varepsilon$) of $\xi=1000$ a.u. (53 nm),
\xi=500$ a.u. (26.5 nm) and $\xi=200$ a.u. (10.6 nm), respectively. Based on our simulations, we could argue that if we allow
a small spatial inhomogeneity for the laser electric field ($<0.5 \%$), the
laser intensity in the center of the gap of the bow-tie nanostructure could have
values from two to five times smaller than the values obtained using Eq. (\ref{cutoff}).

 \ \

To summarize our calculations, in Fig. 2 we plot the laser intensity $I$
[W/cm$^2$] against the inhomogeneity parameter $\varepsilon$ for a fixed
value of the harmonic cutoff ($n_c=17$). From the figure it can be clearly seen that
by increasing the value $\varepsilon$ smaller values of laser
intensity $I$ are needed to reach the same HHG cutoff. This behavior is
related with the modifications in the electron trajectories introduced by
the non-homogeneous character of the field (for
details see~\cite{ciappi2012,ciappiprl,tahirsfa}).

\section{Conclusions}

In this work, we demonstrate how the inhomogeneity of the fields will effect the estimation of the field intensity from
 high-order harmonic generation spectra. We employing both quantum mechanical and classical calculations to demonstrate a method for
better estimation for the intensity of the enhanced field in plasmonic nanostructure. Our model, based on on the numerical solution of the time dependent Schr\"odinger equation (TDSE) in reduced dimensions, presents a large flexibility and robustness. In addition, due to the modest amount of
computational resources needed, it allows to perform numerous computations in a reasonable time.
Our findings show that by incorporating a very small inhomogeneity the laser intensity required to reach a determined
high order harmonic cutoff is substantially reduced.
The procedure is demonstrated in this work is suitable when, in the region where the electron dynamic takes place, the function form of the inhomogeneous field is linear. This is true of the electron excursion is small. However, for the case with large electron excursion(our work in !!)the situation is more complex and providing a better estimation for the intensity of the field is very challenging. Despite our developed 1D-TDSE model allows, in principle, to include any functional form for the nonhomogeneous fields to calculate HHG, extracting the intensity of the field by just considering HHG cutoff would not be easy.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

We acknowledge the financial support of the MINCIN projects (FIS2008-00784
TOQATA and Consolider Ingenio 2010 QOIT) (M. F. C. and M.L.); ERC Advanced
Grant QUAGATUA, Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and Hamburg Theory Prize
(M. L.); this research has been partially supported by Fundaci\'o Privada
Cellex. M.F.C. acknowledges Mitsuko Korobkin and Dane Austin for help and
advices in the numerical implementation of the 1D-TDSE model.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Jason Fechner will be doing the impossible... not really, but it's for a good cause. He will be kayaking for 12 hours straight on the Mississippi. He will be traveling back and forth, from Davenport to Rock Island.
You can support Jason at his GoFundMe page.
This morning Dwyer and Michaels gave Jason some..... umm.... words of encouragement?


text:
Orthomolecular Medicine News Service, June 9, 2020
The role of vitamin D in reducing risk of COVID-19: a brief survey of the literature
by William B. Grant, PhD
(OMNS June 9, 2020) The evidence that higher vitamin D status is causally linked to lower risk of COVID-19 incidence, severity, and death continues to increase. This brief report outlines what has been learned through early June 2020 and provides links to some of the key references.
It should be noted that acceptance of the role of vitamin D supplementation will probably not be achieved before reports are published that demonstrate randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced COVID-19 incidence or death. Several RCTs and observational studies regarding vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 incidence and outcomes are either in the planning stage or in progress. The obvious groups to study are those at highest risk: dark-skinned people living at high latitudes, people in nursing homes or health care facilities; prisoners; factory workers such as in meat-packing facilities in the U.S.; health care workers. A major problem is that the powers that be see vitamin D as a threat to income and profit, so use the Disinformation Playbook to suppress positive information on vitamin D. [1]
In a review published in early April, it was proposed that vitamin D supplementation could reduce the risk of COVID-19. Two mechanisms were identified: 1, reduced survival and replication of viruses through vitamin D-stimulated release of cathelicidin and defensins, and 2, reduced risk of the cytokine storm by reducing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. [2]
Reference was also made to the finding that vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of acute respiratory tract infections as demonstrated by randomized controlled trials. [3] It was recommended that vitamin D supplementation be aimed at increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels to 40-60 ng/ml (100-150 nmol/l), which would require daily doses up to 4000 to 5000 IU/d vitamin D3. Magnesium should also be supplemented, perhaps 400 mg/d, since the conversion of vitamin D to different metabolites requires the presence of magnesium. This recommendation was based on findings in observational studies such as one conducted by Grassrootshealth.net on influenza-like illness. [4]
More recently, it was suggested that for those who have not been supplementing with vitamin D that they start supplementing with a large bolus dose of vitamin D of several hundred thousand IU within one-to-two weeks. The rationale is that without the bolus the body would otherwise take several months to achieve the optimum level. [5] It was also suggested that while vitamin D supplementation could stop COVID-19 from developing at the beginning of symptoms, it probably would not be very useful after lung and organ damage occurs in the acute stage. Most recently, evidence was outlined to show that vitamin D deficiency could explain much of the reason for higher case and mortality rates for Black, Asian, and Minority Ethnic (BAME) residents in England. [6]
1. Grant WB. (2018) Vitamin D acceptance delayed by Big Pharma following the Disinformation Playbook. Orthomolecular Medicine News Service, Oct. 1, 2018. http://orthomolecular.org/resources/omns/v14n22.shtml
2. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, et al. (2020) Evidence that vitamin D supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients April 2, 2020, 12, 988. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/4/988
3. Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Greenberg L, et al. (2017) Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ. 356:i6583. https://www.bmj.com/content/356/bmj.i6583
4. Grant WB, Lahore H, McDonnell SL, et al., (2020) Vitamin D Supplementation Could Prevent and Treat Influenza, Coronavirus, and Pneumonia Infections" Nutrients preprint, March 14, 2020 https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202003.0235/v1
5. Grant WB, Baggerly CA, Lahore H. (2020) Response to Comments Regarding "Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths". Nutrients June 1, 2020, 12(6), 1620. https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/6/1620
6. Grant WB, Boucher BJ. (2020) Vitamin D deficiency due to skin pigmentation and diet may explain much of the higher rates of COVID-19 among BAME in England. BMJ comments, June 6, 2020. https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m1548/rr-22
Here are annotated links to related publications and preprints
"Of the 212 cases of COVID-19, majority had ordinary clinical outcome. Mean serum 25(OH)D level was 23.8 ng/ml. Serum 25(OH)D level was lowest in critical cases, but highest in mild cases. Serum 25(OH)D levels were statistically significant among clinical outcomes."
Alipio, MM. (2020) Vitamin D Supplementation Could Possibly Improve Clinical Outcomes of Patients Infected with Coronavirus-2019 (COVID-2019); April 9, 2020. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3571484
"A lot of COVID-19 infected patients develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which may lead to multiple organ damage. These symptoms are associated with a cytokine storm syndrome. The aim of this letter is to note the 5 crucial points that vitamin D could have protective and therapeutic effects against COVID-19. For that reason, COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ damage might be prevented by vitamin D."
Aygun H. (2020) Vitamin D can prevent COVID-19 infection-induced multiple organ damage. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2020 May 25:1-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32451597
"Timely implementation of vitamin D supplementation programmes worldwide is critical; initial priority should be given to those who are at the highest risk, including the elderly, immobile, homebound, BAME and healthcare professionals. Population-wide vitamin D sufficiency could prevent seasonal respiratory epidemics, decrease our dependence on pharmaceutical solutions, reduce hospitalisations, and thus greatly lower healthcare costs while significantly increasing quality of life."
Davies G, Garami AR, Byers J. (2020) Evidence Supports a Causal Model for Vitamin D in COVID-19 Outcomes. 1 May, updated 3 June, 2020. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.20087965v2.full.pdf
"We retrospectively investigated the 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in plasma obtained from a cohort of patients from Switzerland. In this cohort, significantly lower 25(OH)D levels (p = 0.004) were found in PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2 (median value 11.1 ng/mL) patients compared with negative patients (24.6 ng/mL)."
D'Avolio A, Avataneo V, Manca A, et al. (2020) 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations Are Lower in Patients with Positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2. Nutrients. 2020 May 9;12(5):E1359. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32397511
"COVID-19 patients showed lower median 25(OH)D (18.6 ng/mL, IQR 12.6-25.3, versus 21.5 ng/mL, IQR 13.9-30.8; P=0.0016) and higher vitamin D deficiency rates (58.6% versus 45.2%, P=0.0005). Surprisingly, this difference was restricted to male COVID-19 patients who had markedly higher deficiency rates than male controls (67.0% versus 49.2%, P=0.0006) that increased with advancing radiological stage and were not confounded vitamin D-impacted comorbidities."
De Smet D, De Smet K, Herroelen P, et al. (2020) (2020) Vitamin D deficiency as risk factor for severe COVID-19: a convergence of two pandemics, May 5, 2020. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.01.20079376v2
"The RAS, which includes ACE and ACE2, is a complex network that has a major role in various biological functions 31. Chronic vitamin D deficiency may induce RAS activation lung fibrosis through activation of the RAS 35; therefore, increasing evidence indicates that 1,25(OH)2D3 may also be a negative endocrine regulator of the RAS. Inducing the expression of renin, ACE, Ang II and AT1R, and inhibiting ACE2 expression could result in acute lung injury. Vitamin D inhibits renin, ACE and Ang II expression, and induces ACE2 levels in ALI."
Ghavideldarestani M, Honardoost M, Khamseh ME. (2020) Role of Vitamin D in Pathogenesis and Severity of COVID-19 Infection https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202004.0355/v1
"We performed a retrospective study in two tertiary medical centers in South Asia. The medical records of COVID19 patients were reviewed and a total of 176 subjects included were the elderly whose age is at least 60 years, We reported that majority of the subjects had 25(OH)D level below 30 ng/ml, most of them were male, had diabetes, and were classified as severe. Most of the male and female subjects had 25(OH)D level below 30 ng/ml."
Glicio, EJ.(2020) Vitamin D Level of Mild and Severe Elderly Cases of COVID-19: A Preliminary Report (May 5, 2020). SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3593258
Several recent publications and preprints report multi-country studies based of COVID-19 case or death rates with respect to country mean 25(OH)D concentration. One concern regarding such studies is that the 25(OH)D concentrations used are probably not related to those most likely to develop COVID-19 at the time of incidence. However, a more serious problem is that life expectancy has a much stronger correlation (direct) than does 25(OH)D as discussed in this preprint. I have confirmed their findings using more recent COVID-19 case and death rate data.
Kumar V, Srivastaa A. (2020) Spurious Correlation? A review of the relationship between Vitamin D and Covid-19 infection and mortality. https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.05.25.20110338v1.full.pdf
This article presents retrospective results for 780 patients in Indonesia. Compared to 25(OH)D >30 ng/ml, 25(OH)D between 20 and 30 ng/ml had an odds ratio for death of 7.6 (P<0.001), while 25(OH)D <20 ng/ml had an odds ratio for death of 10.1 (P<0.001).
Raharusun, P, Priambada S, Budiart C, Agung E, Budi C. (2020) Patterns of COVID-19 Mortality and Vitamin D: An Indonesian Study (April 26, revised 6 May, 2020). SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3585561
JoAnn E. Manson, MD, DrPH, (2020) Does Vitamin D Protect Against COVID-19? MEDSCAPE, May 11, 2020
The recommended dietary allowance of vitamin D is 600-800 IU/daily, but during this period,| a multivitamin or supplement containing 1000-2000 IU/daily of vitamin D would be reasonable. https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/930152
Other resources on vitamin D and COVID-19
https://www.grassrootshealth.net/
https://vitamindwiki.com/
(Dr. William Grant is director of the Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center http://www.sunarc.org wbgrant@infionline.net)
Vladimir Arianoff, M.D. (Belgium)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Linux/FOSS world offers a wealth of excellent Linux-based groupware server choices, suitable for small shops to giant enterprises. Eric Geier rounds up six to get you started.
Groupware solutions can help your organization better collaborate and manage work life. They can give users email access and help them better manage and share their contacts, calendars, to-do lists, appointments, and other information. Access is typically provided via a web interface and clients on computers and mobile devices. In this roundup, we'll� discover Linux-based servers that can be an open source and economic alternative to big-name servers like Microsoft Exchange and IBM Lotus Notes.
SOGo supports the basic groupware functions: task management, calendars, address books and emails. The server and all related components are released under the GNU GPL/LGPL v2 license. That means even the connectors for Outlook and Thunderbird are available for free, unlike most other groupware solutions. Mobile phones and devices are also well supported, either natively or via a free SOGo connector.
You can quickly setup a test server with their downloadable virtual appliances. Binary packages are available for several Linux distributions. You'll also find SOGo is well supported. They offer installation and configuration guides for the server and clients, a FAQ, and active mailing list.
Citadel provides users with the usual groupware features. Additionally, it gives you bulletin boards, mailing lists, instant messaging, and a wiki. The project is licensed under the GNU General Public License (GPL3) and seems to be well maintained and updated regularly. Users can access the services with the web-based interface (named WebCit) or via supported clients, such as KOrganizer, Evolution, Outlook, and Mozilla Thunderbird and Sunbird.
Citadel boasts that they offer a turnkey solution that installs quickly and easily. It can be installed with their Easy Install solution, available as a Debian or Ubuntu package, or downloaded as a VMware appliance. They also offer great support via a forum, FAQ, administrator manual, and other documentation.
Open-Xchange, started back in 2000, offers a Community Edition, which is the same as the premium editions but doesn't come with official support. Plus the OXtender for Outlook and Mac OS X can only be purchased in combination with a maintenance contract. However, users can still receive access via the web or on mobile phones with encrypted push and sync support. Along with the basic groupware features, Open-Xchange offers document management and sharing, and social networking functionality.
The Open-Xchange backend is released under the GNU General Public License (GPL2), while the frontend is released under the Creative Commons Share Alike, Non Commercial, Attribution license.
Open-Xchange provides installation instructions for several Linux distributions, an administration manual, and user manual. Even more documentation is available for customization, programming, and other advanced tasks. For troubleshooting, they also have a forum, knowledge-base, and FAQ.


text:
Q: Search element inside element jQuery In my HTML page DOM what I want to achieve is there is <li> tag with id 'liPref' and I want to search if that 'lipref' element has some element whose id contains string 'dlpref' as its inner HTML.
I am not getting any idea how do I achieve that using jQuery selectors.

A: Try this:
$("#liPref").find("[id*='dlpref']").each(function(){
//do something here
});

For getting length:
 $("#liPref").find("[id*='dlpref']").length;

attribute-contains-selector

A: Try to check whether the liPref element has a an element with id containing the given string
if($('#liPref').has('[id*=dlpref]').length){
   alert('foune')
}

.has(), attribute contains

A: You can try to use attribute contains *= selector:
if($("#liPref [id*='dlpref']").length) {
   // Existed
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I am reading Mathew and in this chapter Jesus is healing one person after another. Boom, bam, slam. Left and right.
Broken and unwell people are brought to him. He heals them. Restores them to health. Forgives their sins.
The response of the healed? Joy. Amazement. A wanting to tell everyone and show everyone their restored bodies, the miracle performed on them, for them.
The response of the crowds and those who witness the now speaking, seeing, walking, and coherent healed? People are amazed. Scared. Doubting. Questioning. Angry. Believing. Hurrying Jesus out of town. Running to get their sick cousins, aunts, and uncles.
I wonder what my response would be if I had been standing on the sidelines?
And what if I had been the lame? Would I be surprised that Jesus healed me so easily? None of the healed had to get examined by a doctor. Answer a list of written questions. Crawl up a mountain. Go to church 56 times. Drink cups of yucky tasting goop. Run home and clean their house. Or even try and become a better person.
They had to do one thing.
It can't be that simple, can it?
It seems so simple, doesn't it? Way to simple. Especially to our doing minds.
We love knowing what we can do. The next step to take. How to change our tough situation to excellent in three easy days. We love feeling in control and in charge of our direction and destiny. For if we are busy doing, by working harder, trying harder, doing something, we feel we will conquer what ever plagues us.
Doing is good. Don't get me wrong. We are called to be doers of the word. To be the hands and feet of Jesus. To love our neighbor. To be changing and growing.
But we are not called to be only doing and controlling and corralling and herding our life and the lives of those around us.
We are called to have faith. To believe. To receive.
That is what the people who Jesus healed needed to have if they wanted to be healed.
Jesus asked them if they had faith and believed.
He didn't hand them a list of instructions or a to-do list.
Why acting in faith is hard.
If I had been one of the lame, I am thinking I would have been surprised. Did I have faith? Sure, I would say. And then I would have asked him what I needed to do to heal myself. Maybe eat something. Do some exercises. Give some sacrifices. Clean my house and take pie to the neighbor. Be kinder to my husband and children. Make peace with my enemy. Serve at the temple. Do community service. Because that is my inclination. What can I do to improve the situation? Myself? Others?
But Jesus did not require anything of the broken in body, but faith. Plain old faith.
Have faith and get healed.
But it is hard. We don't want to be indebted to anyone. We want to stand on our own two pegs. We want to do something and feel like we had a part in the outcome. We don't want to wait and feel like we are doing nothing. We don't want to rely on others. We are doers.
And yet I am like the lame, blind, and mute. I am as broken as them. Needing healing. Wanting answers to hard problems. Praying for people and situations where I have no idea even what to do or where to start.
Acting in faith; what to remember.
I look at this broken world. The broken people around me. My broken self. And Jesus is saying the same thing. Believe in me. Have faith; I know what is best. Trust me with this. Wait on me and my timing. Wait. Wait.
Have faith? That involves trusting in the unseen. Not myself. It involves waiting. Not doing and striving and controlling.
Have faith, God tells us. Trust me to take care of the situation in my own time. Believe I will do what is best for you and all involved. Know that I am working all things out for the best and your good.
I know there are some situations in my life I can do nothing about. Things I am praying about that I can do nothing about. Situations around me I can only pray about. There is no doing, or even knowing what to do sometimes.
I am like the lame man. I am broken.
He reaches his hands out to me, and says: Stop doing. Wait. Receive. Believe. Trust I've got this.
There is a time to be doing. And a time to have faith and let him be doing. Let us know the difference between the two.
Join the Journey: Is it hard to stop doing and have faith?
This entry was posted in Blog, Giving Yourself Grace, Hardships and Trials and tagged attitude, encouragement, faith, healing, hope by Theresa Boedeker. Bookmark the permalink.
So true. Chizoba. Doing only gets us so far.
Wonderful post Theresa, He just knew the hearts of people. I am happy to be on a prayer board where I am seeing many miraculous things.I have learned that Jesus meets you on your level. If they ask prayer for operation, I pray for that. But I like to see reports like a prayer warrior from Australia said He did supernatural surgery on her knee, and doctors said it should not be reattached.
Prayer is powerful, Rebecca. Love hearing stories of miracles too.
What a soothing post. Hmmmm, waiting is hard. How will you know if Jesus will take care of it? Just because you asked He will? What if He never will take care of it because it just is? I would feel better if I knew that He will eventually take of it even if it is ten years from now. Not arguing with your blog. Just sometimes frankly puzzled with what He Is doing and how He is doing it. Also wondering if He is paying attention to my pleas or outright disagrees with my requests. He can be mysterious when He wants to be.
So true, Colleen. He and his ways are mysterious. I guess we never know if he will take care of it or how, but we can quit carrying the burden and worry and give it to him. We know in the end everything will be made right and perfect, even us. You are not alone. We all wonder sometimes if he is listening or working on our pleas.
Receiving is much harder than we think, isn't it? Same with believing. Thank you for this truth and encouragement!
You are so welcome, Bethany. Yes, receiving is harder than giving. We have more control with giving. Maybe that is why.
Hi Theresa! My one-word for 2018 is Believe, and here it is in your post. God is bringing it to me over and over, and I am thankful I visited your blog today. Blessings to you!
Hi Sarah. Believe is a great one-word. So many implications with that one-word. Blessings to you too!
Thank you for your words and reminders today. This —> But we are not called to be only doing and controlling and corralling and herding our life and the lives of those around us.
That hit home. I am a doer but God calls us to "be" with Him and follow His lead. Praying you have a wonderful weekend.
Glad this part about doing caught your eye, Mary. As a doer I struggle with this too. Thanks for visiting.


text:
Demetra (grč. , Dêmếtêr) u grčkoj mitologiji boginja je zemlje, ratarstva, plodnosti, a u prvom redu žita; Rejina je i Kronova kći, Zeusova sestra i Perzefonina majka. Demetrin je pandan u rimskoj mitologiji Cerera. Antički su narodi smatrali da je identična Izidi u egipatskoj mitologiji.

Etimologija

Demetrino grčko ime znači "majka božica", kao supruga ie. boga zvanog *dyēws ph2tēr, iz kojeg je izvedeno i Zeusovo ime te Jupiterovo, a moguće je da joj je pandan i Dijana.

Druga je mogućnost da je izvedeno iz dorskog te da znači "majka zemlja".

Karakteristike

Obično je prikazivana uz žito, a najomiljenija ptica bila joj je roda. Atributi su joj:
 klas
 baklja
 mak
 zmija
 narcis
 bubamara
 kalathos (košarica voća i cvijeća)

Često je prikazivana na kočiji, a povezivana je i s prizorima žetve, uključujući cvijeće, voće i žito. Uz nju je obično bila i Perzefona.

Mitologija

Rođenje

Bila je Rejina i Kronova kći, Hestijina, Herina, Hadova i Posejdonova sestra, a također i Zeusova sestra. Kao i njezinu braću i sestre, sustigla ju je ista sudbina, njezin ju je otac progutao bojeći se moguće pobune. Demetra je i dalje, kao i ostali bogovi, živjela u njegovoj utrobi sve dok je nije oslobodio Zeus, njezin najmlađi brat koji je izmaknuo toj sudbi i proglasio se vrhovnim božanstvom. Dodijelio joj je brigu za plodnost zemlje te je ona naučila ljude obradi zemlje i tako promijenila ljudsko društvo koje je dotada bilo orijentirano samo na stočarstvo i lov.

Sa Zeusom je imala kći Perzefonu i sina Zagreja, a s Posejdonom kći Despenu i sina - konja Ariona. S Jasionom je imala sinove Pluta i Filomeja, a s Karmanorom sina Eubola. U jednom se rijetkom mitu govori da je i Artemida bila njezina kći.

Otmica Perzefone

Demetra je Zeusu rodila kćer Perzefonu. Kad se ona igrala s nimfama na livadi, pod njom se otvorila zemlja te se iz ponora pojavio Had i oteo je. Had ju je duboko volio i nije ju htio pustiti iz podzemnoga svijeta. Demetra je čula krik svoje kćeri i potrčala u pomoć, ali već je bilo kasno. Demetra je lutala svijetom devet dana bez hrane i pića, sve dok joj Helije nije otkrio što se s Perzefonom dogodilo. Nesretna je majka pošla na Olimp i zatražila od Zeusa da joj pomogne.

Za to se vrijeme Had oženio Perzefonom i dao joj da kuša zrna šipka (kad bi netko kušao nešto iz podzemnoga svijeta, više se nije mogao vratiti na zemlju). Demetra se potom zatvorila u svoj hram u Eleuzini te na svijet poslala neplodnost uzrokovavši velike neizdržive katastrofe i za ljude i za bogove. Zeus je odlučio umiješati se te je odredio da Perzefona trećinu godine živi u podzemnome svijetu s Hadom, a ostatak godine na zemlji. Tako da Demetra tugujući na zimu zemlji daje neplodnost dok joj kći odlazi u Had, a kad se vrati, odijeva prirodu u zelenilo i cvijeće. Tako su nastala godišnja doba.

Darovi

Triptolema, sina eleuzinskog kralja Keleja, Demetra je naučila uzgajati biljke, kao zahvala za to što su je Triptolemovi roditelji ugostili u svome domu dok je tugovala za Perzefonom, premda oni nisu znali da su primili božicu - predstavila im se kao Doso. Podala mu je zrnje žita i naučila ga orati te mu je rekla da to umijeće širi dalje.

Drugom je Kelejevu sinu, Demefontu, namjeravala podati besmrtnost uronivši ga u vatru. No, tada je naišla njegova majka Metanira i kriknula puna užasa. Na to se Demetra prestraši, ispusti dječaka u vatru, a on izgori. Nakon njezina odlaska, u Eleuzini je sagrađeno svetište u njezinu čast, koje je poslije postalo središte Demetrina kulta.

Demetra i Posejdon

U starijem obliku morske božice, Demetra je bila predmet Posejdonove požude. Ona mu je odolijevala i sakrila se u krdo konja. Posejdon se pretvorio u pastuha i navalio na nju. Demetra je zbog toga bila bijesna i otišla je oprati svoj gnjev u rijeku Ladon. Posejdonu je rodila jednu kći Despenu i konja Ariona s crnom grivom. Zato je u Arkadiji Demetra često bila štovana kao božica s konjskom glavom.

Literatura

 Homerske himne: Demetra
 Pauzanije: Opis Grčke
 Burkert, Walter: Greek Religion, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1985.
 Graves, Robert: Grčki mitovi, CID, Zagreb, 2003.
 Kerényi, Károly: The Gods of the Greeks, Thames & Hudson, New York/London, 1951.

Vanjske poveznice

Demetra u klasičnoj literaturi i umjetnosti
 Demetra u grčkoj mitologiji
Homerska himna Demetri

Olimpski bogovi
Božanstva Zemlje

mr:डीमिटर

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It seems strange if not alien for me to be thinking about hardware, I have been decoupled from the murky depths of DAC cables, storage performance/capacity, servers and networking items such as virtual connect for over twelve months. Yes you still have architectural considerations in Microsoft Azure, however these are higher up the stack and are geared towards limits and quotas rather than hardware boundaries.
Meg Whitman has proved that she has the vision and belief to shape and change HPE. With the split into Enterprise and Ink in 2015 and the recent announcement that HP Enterprise Services will be acquired by CSC (Computer Sciences Corp). This leaves HPE as a global hardware and software manufacturer. I'm interested to know how HPE is adapting to the future of 'hybrid cloud' and how they are going to show value in a 'commodity hardware' market.
When you have a company that turns over $53 Billion dollars and has 252,000 employees, it's a gigantic task to point the ship in a new direction.
Let's see what HPE announce at Discover and what their thoughts are in an ever changing market place.
HP released two offerings of the HP ConvergedSystem 200-HC StoreVirtual System last year. Essentially they have taken ESXi, HP StoreVirtual VSA, OneView for vCenter and automated the setup process using OneView Instant On.
These are marketed with the ability to provision virtual machines within 30 minutes.
What Does Provision Virtual Machines Within 30 Minutes Really Mean?
So after completing the initial setup, you do have the ability to upload an ISO and start deploying an OS image.
What About The Stuff Which Marketing Don't Mention? AKA Questions Answered?
Grey area, these can be used. However HP rather you stay with the base configuration of the nodes (much like the networking see below).
The solution is only supported using Enterprise or Enterprise Plus VMware licenses, with the preference being HP OEM.
Windows Server 2012 Standard is supplied as the Management VM. Initially, this runs from a local partition and is then Storage vMotioned onto the HP Converged Cluster. Windows licensing dictates that when a OS is moved across hosts using Standard Edition you cannot move the OS back for 90 days or you need to license each node for the potential number of VM's that could be ran.
HP have confirmed that you receive 2 x Windows Server 2012 Standard licenses and DRS Groups Manager rules are configured to only allow the Management VM to migrate between these two ESXi Hosts.
You are able to upgrade the Management Server VM in terms of RAM, CPU and Disk Space and be supported.
The 1GbE connections are not used apart from the initial configuration of the Management Server. My understanding is that these are not supported for any other use.
HP have put together a slick product which automates the initial installation of ESXi and gives you a basic configuration of vCenter. What it doesn't give you is design to say that your workloads are going to be suitable on the environment and or a solution that meets a client requirements.
The replication in 3PAR Arrays has always been mediocre. In the older versions of 3PAR Inform OS if you choose 'sync replication' for a single remote copy group, you could not use 'a sync' for any other remote copy groups.
This feature was addressed in a newer version of 3PAR Inform OS, however your lowest RPO using 'a sync' was bottlenecked at 15 minutes regardless of available bandwidth.
With the release of the HP 3PAR 20000 Series, comes a new feature which is streaming 'a sync' replication.
Essentially, if you have the bandwidth and cache available the source 3PAR will stream replication across to the target 3PAR reducing your RPO below 15 minutes. I like to think of it as a best endeavours.
When designing a replication infrastructure it's important to know the transport method as well as the thresholds in terms of bandwidth and latency between source and target arrays. This ensures that you are not only within a supported SLA, but also to ensure that write performance of the source array is not effected.
The table below shows supported thresholds.
The source array uses a local cache to maintain host write transactions in memory. A concept known as 'delta sets' are used.
And the previous sets that this delta set depends upon have completed.
A secondary RC volume group is always in a crash consistent state, before or after the application of a delta set. It is not crash consistent during the application of a delta set.
A write burst is when the array receives a significant number of writes which could last for a few minutes. If the inter site link between source and target array is sufficient this has no impact.
It is when the inter site link cannot cope or the write cache gets filled then the source 3PAR will choose a random remote copy group to stop and a snapshot is taken.
Once stopped these groups will start again at the next sync period.
This is a great feature set being added to the 3PAR 20,000 Series. I'm sure when the next .1 release update is received you will be able to select which remote copy groups you would want to stop either due to a write burst or cache overflow.
With most 3PAR updates, I expect the streaming 'a sync' replication to find its way into the 7×00 series within a short period of time.
By default Round Robin would send 1,000 I/O down each path.
Note: That this can be altered as per my previous article entitled 'How To Change Default IOP Limit' but should normally only be done under the guidance of the manufacturer.
The issue with this is how a volume is created within a StoreVirtual node. Let's imagine we have two cluster nodes, A and B. When the first volume is created it is 'owned by a master node' in this case 'node A'. When the second volume is created it is owned by 'node B and so on, as shown below.
Using the recommended bonding method of 'Adaptive Load Balancing' SCSI read and write commands are issued on all NIC's in the bond which can result in data being accessed from a non-authoritative node, which means a trip across the network to the authoritative node. I think a picture is in order!
Read I/O's are always serviced by the storage node that holds the authoritative data.
Write I/O's are always serviced by the storage node that receives a mirror copy of the data ensuring data integrity. Remaining copies are then forwarded to the remaining storage nodes.
This results in the following data flow architecture.
The installation guide for HP StoreVirtual Multipathing Deployment Guide is fairly straight forward. The only issue I ran into was 'could not find trusted signer' when trying to install the vib.
I'm not sure exactly when, but HP changed the licensing portal from 'Poetic' to a new portal named 'My HP Licensing Portal'. All of the information looked exactly the same, however you could not rehost HP StoreVirtual Licenses.
The purpose of this blog post is to assist anyone who was in the same situation as me, scratching their head trying to figure it out!
You have an existing HP StoreVirtual license which ties the feature set to the first NIC MAC address on your StoreVirtual VSA. You have changed, upgraded or redeployed your VSA and you need to rehost the license onto the new MAC address.
Browse to myhplicensing.hp.com and login for your email address and password that you use for your portal account.
Note: If you are not sure what email address is tied to your account login to HP Licensing for Software and select Administration > My Profile which will show your email address.
Select the tick box to confirm this is the license that you want rehosting and then click Rehost.


text:
Overview of Cancer
What Is Cancer
Cancer and food
Tumor Immunology
Principles of Cancer Therapy
Tumor Growth and Metastasis
Molecular Abnormalities
Chromosomal abnormalities
Breast Cancer Overview
Breast Cancer in the elderly
Incidence & Risk Factors
Breast cancer news
Breast anatomy and development
Carcinoma of the Prostate (CAP)
Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis
Non-Germ Cell Tumors of the Testis
Extragonadal Germ Cell Tumors
Tumors of the Scrotum
Penis Cancer
Tumors of the Penis
Carcinoma of the Urethra
Benign Esophageal Tumors
Laryngeal Cancer
Cancer of the Oropharynx
Cancer of the Hypopharynx
Tumors of the Thorax
Carcinoma of the Mediastinum
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
Carcinoma of the Anus
Epidemiology and etiology
Tumors of the Small and Large Intestines
Neoplasms of the Head and Neck
Cancer of the Oral Cavity
Cancer of the Nasal Cavity
Salivary Gland Tumors
Floor of Mouth cancers
Nose and Paranasal Sinuses cancers
Tongue Base cancers
The Tongue cancers
Cancer Topics
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Incidence and Epidemiology
Etiology and Pathology
Classification and Pathology
Prognosis and Treatment
Ureteral & Renal Pelvic Cancers
Fallopian Tube Cancer
Renal Pelvic Cancers
Cancer of the Vulva
Lung cancer - small cell
Lung cancer - non-small cell
Hematologic Malignancies
Bladder cancer news
Bone cancer news
Blood cancer news
Cervical cancer news
Endometrial cancer news
Esophageal cancer news
Gall Bladder cancer news
Head and Neck cancer news
Vulvar cancer news
Kindey cancer news
Laryngeal cancer news
Oral cancer news
Lung cancer news
Liver cancer news
Throat cancer news
Ovarian cancer news
Pancreatic cancer news
Prostate cancer news
Penile cancers news
Stomach cancer news
Testicular cancer news
Thyroid cancer news
Colorectal cancer news
Uterine cancer news
Vaginal cancer news
Global Burden of Cancer
For many years, global health has been associated with diseases like HIV/AIDS and malaria. And rightly so. These diseases present significant threats to health around the world. But they aren't the only major killers. In fact, they're not even the leading killers anymore! Today, cancer claims more lives globally than HIV/AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis combined, and the death toll from cancer is only going to grow.
Cancer is a major burden of disease worldwide. Each year, tens of millions of people are diagnosed with cancer around the world, and more than half of the patients eventually die from it. In many countries, cancer ranks the second most common cause of death following cardiovascular diseases.
Colon & Colorectal Cancer news |
Use of Chemotherapy After Surgery for Colon Cancer Has Risen
Dec 06, 2005 Viewed: 693
More patients with stage III colon cancer are receiving chemotherapy after surgery, with an associated significant increase in 5-year survival, according to a study in the December 7 issue of JAMA. The study also found that women, blacks and the elderly were less likely to receive this treatment.
According to background information in the article, based on the results of two trials, the National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference recommended in 1990 that adjuvant chemotherapy (chemotherapy after the primary tumor has been removed by some other method, as in surgery or radiation therapy) be given to all patients with stage III colon cancer who were not enrolled in a clinical trial. However, as with most recommendations, it is not clear to what extent they are followed or contribute to outcome in the general population.
J. Milburn Jessup, M.D., of the National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Md. and Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., and colleagues assessed to what extent the 1990 Consensus Conference recommendation has been followed in the community and whether adjuvant chemotherapy has improved the 5-year survival of patients with stage III colon cancer.
The study included data from 85,934 patients with stage III colon cancer from 560 hospital cancer registries who were entered into the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) between 1990 and 2002. The data included standard clinical, pathological, and first course of treatment variables.
The researchers found an increase in the use of adjuvant chemotherapy for all patients with stage III colon cancers from 39 percent of patients in 1990 to 64 percent in 2002, but use was lower in black, female, and elderly patients. The difference in 5 year survival increased from an 8 percent improvement in the 1991 subgroup to 16 percent in the 1997 subgroup that received adjuvant chemotherapy compared with surgery alone. The researchers also found that adjuvant chemotherapy increases survival in elderly patients as much as it does in younger patients. However, the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in blacks and those with high-grade cancers is not as great.
"Future studies are needed to identify whether newer agents such as irinotecan and oxaliplatin may be more effective in patients with high-grade cancers or in blacks than the 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin regimens that were dominant during the time that the cohorts reported herein were followed up for survival," the authors conclude.
(JAMA.2005; 294:2703-2711. Available pre-embargo to the media at http://www.jamamedia.org)
Revision date: June 22, 2011
Last revised: by Andrew G. Epstein, M.D.
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Prostate cancer -Detection of recurrence
Prostate cancer -Imaging in treatment planning


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Category Archives: EP
Arcane Roots – Heaven & Earth EP
At first I was disappointed that we were getting an EP in place of what we thought was going to be a full length album. Then we were fed lead single – and lengthy-titled – 'If Nothi...
Nieves – Matriarch
Nieves latest EP, Matriarch, is a keyboard-led emotional slap at the minutiae of life and the big themes affecting us. The Glasgow-based four piece can be rightly proud of all four tracks. There are ...
Neshiima – Beware of Gifts EP
Glasgow band Neshiima have finally unleashed their concept EP Beware of Gifts. The EP is accompanied by a comic that graphically illustrates the Japanese folk tale at the heart of the concept. Neshii...
OPM – The Minge Dynasty
It really doesn't feel like it, but it's been 15 years since OPM released their debut album, Menace to Sobriety. With tracks like 'Heaven is a Half Pipe', 'El Capitan...
Forever Still – Save Me EP
In January Denmark's Forever Still released the Scars EP, the first of three releases which will constitute an album later in the year. Now we have the second part of the puzzle, Save Me. Forever Sti...


0:11Skip to 0 minutes and 11 secondsCRAIG HASSED: Now, previously we've looked at some of the issues around distractor influence, the external distractions and how to manage that. But it's rather important to consider the internal distractions, our own internal world, and how this can feed into avoidance and procrastination, which are not particularly mindful states. So in terms of dealing with external distractions, we have to sift or recognise what's relevant to give the attention to and what's not. But equally so, with our internal world. We do have thoughts, occasionally, that are actually worth giving attention to. But most of what's going through the mind doesn't really require much attention. It's actually distraction. It's off task and so on, this default mental activity.
0:53Skip to 0 minutes and 53 secondsBut one of the key things that affects our performance and functioning and how we feel in our lives relates to avoidance and procrastination. So now, Richard, you've developed programmes, mindfulness for academic success, for example, using mindfulness to help students to study better. But equally, this could be for work environments. And one of the key topics that comes up relates to issues around avoidance and procrastination. So can you say a little bit more about what that is and how mindfulness might help us to deal with it better?
1:27Skip to 1 minute and 27 secondsRICHARD CHAMBERS: Definitely. Well, in any study or work environment, avoidance tends to be a big problem actually, as does procrastination. And, of course, in any moment that we're avoiding something, we're not actually getting the task done. And far from being the mind just resting on something more pleasant, often we're caught up in some worries, or concerns, or at the very least aware of the fact that we're avoiding. So it's not like we're just letting our mind rest somewhere. And actually, we're in a little ways wired for distraction.
1:56Skip to 1 minute and 56 secondsThe research shows that every time our attention switches to something novel, we get a little hit of dopamine, which is in the reward pathways in the brain, which really sort of reinforces that behaviour. That's one of the things that prompts us to seek out new things and to be interested in new topics, that little hit of dopamine. And so this avoidance can actually become quite addictive.
2:16Skip to 2 minutes and 16 secondsCRAIG HASSED: So it's like we're becoming conditioned or habituated to it.
2:19Skip to 2 minutes and 19 secondsRICHARD CHAMBERS: Yes.
2:20Skip to 2 minutes and 20 secondsCRAIG HASSED: And I suspect the kids these days, who have got lots of IT open all the time, and so the attention's being drawn elsewhere. It's very easy to get distracted with those kinds of things going on around one and making it quite hard to focus on tasks.
2:34Skip to 2 minutes and 34 secondsRICHARD CHAMBERS: Absolutely. I think it's getting hard and harder to focus actually. I mean technology is not good or bad. But, of course, it does encourage us to be distracted. We're in the middle of doing something, maybe even on our phone or device. And then the alert goes off and says, here, switch your attention to something new. And we find that we start constantly do that. That gets hardwired in, of course. Because anything we practise gets hardwired into our brain. Gets reinforced with the dopamine pathways. And suddenly, we're in a habit of avoiding things, particularly things that are difficult or take some kind of sustained attention to focus on. And, of course, closely related to this is procrastination.
3:09Skip to 3 minutes and 9 secondsAnd that really just refers to putting off things are important to us, when our attention basically gets caught up in something, other than what we need to be doing in that moment. And that can be a range of different things. It can sometimes just be getting busy doing something that's maybe easier or more enjoyable. But quite often, as well, it's getting caught up in worries, or concerns, or judgments, or self-criticism. And then, of course, we realise we're procrastinating. And we start to worry about the implications of that. And if we look at it through the lens of mindfulness, it's really just-- it's really just about the attention being caught up in something other than where we need it.
3:48Skip to 3 minutes and 48 secondsAnd rather than trying to fight with our thoughts or push thoughts out of my mind, which, of course, means our attention is then very much caught up in what we're trying to not think about,-- not thinking of a pink elephant, for instance-- mindfulness helps us just to notice when the attention has wandered and to simply bring it back to what's actually important in that moment. So we can just start to notice when it's wandered, bring it back. And wandered again, we bring it back. And, of course, as we do that over and over again, the attention starts to settle on whatever it is that we want to be focused on.
4:20Skip to 4 minutes and 20 secondsCRAIG HASSED: And the whole issue around not being judgmental or critical, self-critical, I think is really important here. Because when we get reactive and judgmental, it makes those distracting thoughts even more intrusive. So there's sort of not just paying attention. But the attitude with which we pay attention really matters as well.
4:39Skip to 4 minutes and 39 secondsRICHARD CHAMBERS: Absolutely. It's very important, that attitude.
4:41Skip to 4 minutes and 41 secondsCRAIG HASSED: It's always struck me as one of the biggest, I suppose, paradoxes of mindfulness training is that very often when we've been putting something off, we know is priority number one, and doing priority number 10 instead, that we never actually find real peace, or satisfaction, or enjoyment in doing that thing, that we know is not the thing that we should be doing. And the strange thing is, when we eventually get on with the thing that we've been putting off or not wanting to do, strangely enough we start to feel more at ease with ourselves and more satisfied and feeling more effective in our lives. So procrastination certainly, it's a habit that I'm sure we can all relate to.
5:16Skip to 5 minutes and 16 secondsAnd it doesn't work for us. But maybe mindfulness can help us to get through that bit. And if we practise some mindfulness meditation, even for a short period of time, before undertaking a significant task, we may find it easier to just gently transition into that task.
Watch Craig and Richard explore in more detail the concept of distractor influence and how it contributes to reduced performance.
Within the Comments, consider sharing with other learners your initial thoughts and responses to what was covered in the last two videos exploring distraction and procrastination.
The Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC) is conducting a study to understanding the impact of mindfulness on real-world, everyday driving experiences and performance, and you're invited to participate.


"Birdman" is more than just a name for most Melbournians as the first thing that springs to many minds is the annual lets-see-if-I-can-fly contest at the Moomba Festival. I'm not sure if this crazy celebration of silliness is exactly what Birdman Eating is trying to capture, but the atmosphere of the cafe has a certain degree of whimsy to it.
More popular for its breakfast and brunch menu, they've recently started a dinner service which seemed to be fairly busy the Saturday night we visited. A quick chat to the waitress revealed they'd been absolutely packed the night before as a direct result of the Gertrude St Projection Festival opening night. As it was, there was a steady trickle of people past our outdoor table, taking in the scattered pieces of illuminated artwork.
We weren't too sure about what we felt like eating, so after perusing the varied menu which contained numerous vegetarian dishes, and at least one rendition of lamb/chicken/beef/pork/seafood/venison, we ordered six dishes between four people at the recommendation of the waitress. These included a few vegetarian starters, then some mains from the specials menu.
The bread and hummus weren't particularly special, but they were at least decent. I have still yet to find a hummus that can top the homemade version that a friend made for my birthday potluck last year much to my disappointment. Still, all was not lost.
I thought the zucchini and fetta fritters were a delicious combination of crunchy crust, soft filling, and a creamy & salty accompaniment. It's unsurprising that I enjoyed this dish as I have a weakness for fetta.
I also have a particular fondness for roasted pumpkin.
Pumpkin and fetta in the same dish really is a winner for me. The combination of sweet roasted vegetables and salty cheese seems to work every time without fail. The rosemary brought out even more of the sweetness of the pumpkin (and reminded me I should add more herbs when I'm roasting vegetables). The olives probably added too much saltiness but who can argue against good fats?
Overall, we were pretty satisfied with our tasty (and wholesome) starters. It seems like a lifetime before the mains came however. Perhaps they only started cooking the mains once they'd cleared away the first set of plates.
I waited impatiently until the food finally arrived. When they did arrive, I was surprised at how small the serves were. Did the waitress really expect the six dishes to feed all four of us? Perhaps if we'd already had first dinner, but then again, we're not Hobbits (usually).
I have to admit that the food was good quality though, regardless of the serving size. My favourite of the mains was a serve of grilled venison.
The venison was a perfect medium rare, and all traces of the taste-spoiling fat had been removed. The sweet quince paste was a nice counterpoint to the game flavours of the meat, but unfortunately I could barely taste the spätzle (a type of German pasta) or the juniper berry flavours.
Venison is one of the luxuries that I will inevitably order when it's on the menu, but will tend to neglect searching for at the markets. It always makes me happy when something I consider hard to find appears on the menu, and is cooked well. For some contrast, we also ordered some pan-seared barramundi.
The barramundi was beautifully cooked; tender with a crispy skin. I couldn't fault the taste, and love the contrast of the sweet and soft flesh against the crunchy and slightly crunchy pine nuts. Once again my issue was how small the fillet was, and being a bit of a beetroot fiend, two tiny pieces only resulted in me craving more (even though the others ended up having no beetroot).
The next dish really should have been called crustacean soup with scallops rather than the other way around.
The broth was beautifully rich with a strong crustacean flavour that served to enhance the sweetness of the scallops.The scallops were few and far between however, and I think there was exactly one for each of us.
My overall impression was that for the price (around $20 per main), even though the food was good quality, I expected the serves to be bigger, and I was disappointed at how little food there actually was.
This restaurant was definitely for those that eat like a bird, and as I'm decidedly non-avian, I was still relatively hungry afterwards. The food was decent but a little slow to arrive at the table, yet the service was friendly. I'm not in a terrible hurry to return, but I have heard good things about their breakfast, so it is in the realm of possibility.
Barramundi I love, but it has to be fresh.


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Share this Story: Cannabis delivered to your door? Only if you live in some parts of Canada
Cannabis delivered to your door? Only if you live in some parts of Canada
Canada Post changes delivery method; Pineapple Express still running on time
Sam Riches
Photo by THE CANADIAN PRESS/Darryl Dyck
Amid the coronavirus outbreak, Canada Post is no longer delivering packages that require a signature or proof of age to customers' doors. For the majority of Canada's cannabis consumers, that means they will need to pick up their packages at a nearby post office.
Recreational consumers living in Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and select regions of Ontario, can still get service to their door, even on the same day.
Cannabis delivered to your door? Only if you live in some parts of Canada Back to video
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How are Canadian cannabis companies protecting employees from COVID-19?
In January, the Ontario Cannabis Store launched a pilot to provide same-day and next-day delivery in the Greater Toronto Area, Hamilton, Waterloo Region and Guelph, with plans for future expansion to other areas of the province.
The OCS charges a same-day shipping fee of $12.17, plus HST, and packages are delivered between 5:00 p.m. and 10 p.m. Customers are notified by text message when their package is en route. The rest of the province can still order via Canada Post Xpress, delivery usually occurs within one to three business days but rural areas of Ontario can have wait times as long as ten days.
Last November, the Société Québécoise du Cannabis (SQDC) announced a similar pilot project to see if a same-day delivery option is feasible. The pilot, expected to last six to nine months, aims to deliver about 400 packages a week in Montreal. If it proves successful, the service area could be expanded.
Cannabis customers in Manitoba and Saskatchewan are able to get same-day delivery from a range of retailers, predominantly through Pineapple Express Delivery, a service that provides both business-to-business and business-to-consumer deliveries.
In those provinces, businesses that have a brick-and-mortar retail licence are also permitted to sell cannabis online. Retail stores are responsible for arranging cannabis delivery. By using third-party apps like Super Anytime, customers can order direct to their door. The hope, for businesses like Super Anytime and Pineapple Express, is that other provinces will loosen their regulations around delivery in the future.
Delta 9, Tokyo Smoke, Garden Variety and Tweed all offer the same-day delivery in Winnipeg.
In Saskatchewan, a wider range of retailers across the province offer same-day delivery, including Prairie Records, Westleaf, Fire and Flower, and others. The regions of Moose Jaw, Martensville, Regina, Prince Albert, Warman and Saskatoon all offer same-day delivery options.
The options for online legal ordering for the rest of the country usually range from two days to two weeks, depending on location.
Cannabis New Brunswick offers a one-day turnaround for orders throughout the province, as long as the orders are placed before 2:30 p.m., Monday to Friday.
In Alberta, retailers are not permitted to deliver cannabis, according to regulations from the Alberta Gaming, Liquor and Cannabis Commission.
Next door in British Columbia, delivery time ranges from two to seven days, depending on the location. In 20 regions of the province that require air freight, customers are restricted from ordering vaporizers that contain lithium-ion batteries.
An alcohol delivery app, Designed Delivery, that launched in Kelowna last year, is hoping to be able to deliver cannabis in the future, as well, if future BC regulations allow it.
Subscribe to the Cannabis Post newsletter.
Study: Teens' rosy view of weed in TikTok videos means more regulation needed


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All records (active tab)
Student Files Only
Displaying 276 - 300 of 364 records
Noble Prentis Student File
Student file of Noble Prentis, a member of the Arapahoe Nation, who entered the school on August 31, 1882 and ultimately departed on July 23, 1892. The student did not attend the school continuously, but left and reentered. The file contains student information cards and a report after leaving...
Repository: National Archives and Records Administration
Noble Prentis Student Information Card
Student information card of Noble Prentis, a member of the Arapaho Nation, who entered the school on August 31, 1882 and departed on July 23, 1892.
Noble Prentis, c.1889
Studio portrait of Noble Prentis wearing non-native clothing.
Format: Glass Plate Negative
Repository: National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Nora Williamson Student Information Card
Student information card of Nora Williamson, a member of the Arapahoe Nation, who entered the school on September 6, 1880 and departed on February 26, 1884.
Notice of Board to Appraise Property
Letter from Richard Henry Pratt to Commissioner of Indian Affairs Ezra Hayt regarding a board to appraise property at the Carlisle Barracks. Pratt notes that, because of the visit, he will be unable to meet a group of recruited students in the West, and instead suggests sending teachers Alfred J...
Format: Letters/Correspondence
Our Boys and Girls, 1881
The printed note on the reverse side reads: OUR BOYS AND GIRLS At the Indian Training School, Carlisle, Pa.
1. White Buffalo, Cheyenne, I. T.
2. Mittie Houston, Wichita, I. T.
3. Samuel Townsend, Pawnee, I. T....
Format: Photographic Print, B&W
Repository: Dickinson College Archives & Special Collections
Paul Boynton (Red Feather) Student File
Student file of Paul Boynton (Red Feather), a member of the Arapahoe Nation, who entered the school on October 22, 1883 and departed on July 8, 1889. The file contains a student information card, a returned student survey, and a report after leaving. The file indicates Boynton was working as a...
Paul Boynton (Red Feather) Student Information Card
Student information card of Paul Boynton (Red Feather), a member of the Arapaho Nation, who entered the school on October 22, 1883 and departed on July 8, 1889.
Note: Students Bayard Boynton and Paul Boynton were probably brothers.
Paul Boynton, 1889
Studio portrait of Paul Boynton wearing non-native clothes. A handwritten caption written along the side of the image probably reads: Paul Boynton, November 1889.
Paul Boynton, c.1884
Studio portrait of Paul Boynton wearing non-native clothes.
Repository: Cumberland County Historical Society
Peter Student Information Card
Student information card of Peter, a member of the Arapahoe Nation, who entered the school on March 11, 1881 and departed on February 21, 1883.
Philip B. Mann Student Information Card
Student information card of Philip B. Mann, a member of the Arapahoe Nation, who entered the school on September 21, 1886 and departed on May 1, 1891.
Philip Pratt Student File
Student file of Philip Pratt, a member of the Arapaho Nation, who entered the school on September 15, 1889 and departed on February 5, 1896. The file contains a student information card and a report after leaving that indicates Pratt was a farmer in Geary, Oklahoma in 1910.
Philip Pratt Student Information Card
Student information card of Philip Pratt, a member of the Arapaho Nation, who entered the school on September 15, 1889 and departed n February 5, 1896.
Philip Rabbit Student Information Card
Student information card of Philip Rabbit, a member of the Arapahoe Nation, who entered the school on December 10, 1899, graduated in 1903, and departed on February 17, 1903. The file indicates Rabbit was living in Canton, Oklahoma in 1913.
Student information card of Philip Rabbit, a member of the Arapaho Nation, who entered the school on December 10, 1899, graduated in 1903, and departed on February 17, 1903.
Raleigh Student Information Card
Student information card of Raleigh, a member of the Arapahoe Nation, who entered the school on March 11, 1881 and departed on February 21, 1883.
Report for the Month of January 1880
Two duplicate copies of the monthly report for January, 1880, submitted by the Carlisle Indian Training School to the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The report includes a list of employees, a count of students by Nation/Tribe, descriptions of the educational program, and Superintendent Richard Henry...
Format: Reports
Report on First Party of Children Brought to the Carlisle Indian School
Captain Richard Henry Pratt writes to Ezra H. Hayt, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, regarding the first group of Sioux, Ponca, Pawnee, Kiowa, Comanche, Wichita, Seminole, Cheyenne, and Arapahoe children and young adults brought to the Carlisle Indian School. Pratt offers a detailed description...
Format: Letters/Correspondence, Reports
Request for Additional Student Postage Allowance
Richard Henry Pratt requests additional money for postage of student letters from the Commissioner of Indian Affairs. Pratt states that letter-writing increases student moral and supports the school's reputation among their families and tribes.
Robert Friday (Sun) Student File
Student file of Robert Friday (Sun), a member of the Arapahoe Nation, who entered the school November 21, 1903, and departed on April 6, 1907. The file contains student information cards, former student survey postcards, newspaper clippings, letters/correspondence, a returned student survey, and...
Robert Friday Progress Card
Progress card of Robert Friday, a member of the Arapahoe Nation, who entered the school on November 21, 1903.
Robert Friday Student Information Card
Student information card of Robert Friday, a member of the Arapaho Nation, who entered the school on November 21, 1903 and departed on April 6, 1907. The file indicates Friday was living in Wind River, Wyoming in 1913.
Robert Left Hand Student Information Card
Student information card of Robert Left Hand, a member of the Arapahoe Nation, who entered the school on September 21, 1886 and departed on May 6, 1889.


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Home > Premiere Fund Slate > Measure For Measure
[Feature,Special Event]
Australia (MIFF 2019 )
Director: Paul Ireland
Following the critically acclaimed Pawno, director Paul Ireland moves from Footscray to Prahran's commission flats for this contemporary re-interpretation of Shakespeare, with Hugo Weaving leading a powerful, multicultural cast.
Reimagining the Bard's play about morality, mercy and justice into a topical tale of love and loyalty, Ireland and his co-writer, the late Damian Hill (West of Sunshine, MIFF 2018), have crafted a touching story about a young Muslim woman, Jaiwara, who falls for a non-Muslim musician, Claudio. Jaiwara's shady brother Farouk objects to their union, and frames Claudio for a crime he didn't commit – sending him to jail. Desperate to save Claudio, Jaiwara seeks the help of Duke, a local crime boss currently 'on leave', whose second in command, Angelo, offers to assist in his stead. But at what cost?
Supported by the MIFF Premiere Fund, Ireland's film takes audiences on an emotional, action-packed ride, with a beautifully shot Melbourne as the backdrop. As Jaiwara, Megan Hajjar is luminous. Harrison Gilbertson (My Mistress, MIFF Premiere Fund 2014), Fayssal Bazzi (The Merger, MIFF 2018) and Daniel Henshall (Acute Misfortune, MIFF Premiere Fund 2018) join Hugo Weaving in a diverse ensemble that also includes John Brumpton, Mal Kennard, Doris Younane and Mark Leonard Winter as Angelo, the role Damian Hill was set to play until his untimely death last year. Never intended as a swan song for Hill, Measure for Measure is nevertheless a fitting tribute: a gritty, modern Melbourne film, with heart.
Measure for Measure – Q&A with director Paul Ireland
Following the critically acclaimed Pawno, director Paul Ireland moves from Footscray to Prahran's commission flats for this contemporary re-interpretation of Shakespeare. MIFF caught up with Ireland to chat about adapting the Bard, casting the city of Melbourne as a character, gangster stories and love stories.
What drew you (and the sadly departed Damian Hill) to adapt this mélange of Shakespearian material in the context of contemporary Melbourne – especially after your last film, Pawno?
We both loved interweaving stories that are full of different characters and very multi-layered. Using Measure for Measure as a loose story structure allowed us to explore the multi cultural melting-pot that Melbourne is and align it with stories of love, crime and corruption. And it gave us an excuse to sit and talk the utmost shit, and laugh and hopefully come-up with something in between, that we could make into a film.
Did you draw inspiration from other modern-day Shakespearian adaptations?
No not really; we really only used the outline of the story, so it's very loosely based on the source material – I suppose in the same way that My Own Private Idaho was based on Henry V.
The film is distinctly Melburnian. How does our city lend itself to the adaptation of this story?
Dame and I loved the landscape of Melbourne as a city. So, as we did with Pawno, our first film – where we set-out to make Footscray a main character in the film – we wanted to make the Commission Flats as big a character in Measure For Measure. We attempted to make them a sort of city-within-a-city. By filming many iconic areas around Melbourne and with the city looming largely in the background, it helped us cement this.
Why do you think audiences love a gangster story? What are some of your filmic influences from this genre?
I have always loved a good old gangster story going back to the old James Cagney films like Angels with Dirty Faces and Sergio Leone's Once Upon a time in America – one of my all-time favorites. And then you can throw-in Scarface, Goodfellas, Casino – all classic films of that genre. I feel audiences love a good gangster / crime story as it allows them to jump into a world they can read a lot about but very rarely visit.
But, to me, this is as much a love story as a gangster film. Dame and I actually went down this path after watching a very confronting but beautiful Belgium film called Black, directed by Adil el Arbi and Bilall Fallah, at the Black Nights Film Festival in Estonia when we were there with Pawno.
Megan gives a brilliant performance alongside established actors including Hugo Weaving. Can you tell us about the process of assembling this talented cast?
Dame and I always had Hugo in mind when putting together the character of Duke – why wouldn't you? He is one of the world's best actors and to get him to come and play the role was a great boost for us and the film. The next piece of the jigsaw was to get our two young lovers; we cast extensively for these two roles, but I just kept coming back to Megan and Harrison, who I feel are both beautiful in this, both giving very natural and emotional performances.
The rest of the cast – Fayssal Bazzi, Dan Henshall, Doris Younane, John Brumpton – are some of this country's top talent. But for me it is Mark Leonard Winter, who stepped-in after the sudden death of Dame to play the part of Angelo and who I feel gives an amazingly layered performance in this role; I will forever be in his debt.
Of course, none of the above would have been possible without the talents of the great casting director Thea Mcleod.
The film deals with some weighty subject matter, including gangs, violence, forbidden love, race and religion. What do you hope audiences will take away from the experience of seeing this film?
First of all, I hope they have a rewarding experience and that the film takes them on a journey. But I feel that the main messages of the film are about love, compassion and tolerance: Three ingredients the world should be practicing a lot more of. Come along and enjoy!


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guerrilla semiotics
collage, reviews, theatre
How to Disappear Completely and Never Be Found
Two of the things ostensiby most cherished in a work of art are battling throughout the Hoy Polloy's production of Fin Kennedy's How to Disappear Completely and Never Be Found. On the one hand, the universal relevance of the questions and answers presented. On the other, the evocative and resonant portrayal of a time and place.
In translating art, be it literature or a play, one has a peculiar problem of deciding just how much local colour to keep, how far to stray from literalness. While in cinema unintrusive conveying is relatively easy, in literature this may require a catastrophe of footnotes; and in theatre, naturalism.
The entire first act of How to Disappear… is an agony of accents and costumes, wrung and turned and stretched down to an inch of its life by a relentless pursuit of verisimilitude. It takes the second act to realise that no, this was not obligatory. The play doesn't dictate realism, quite the contrary, the text itself is a nightmare of confused faces, hallucinatory places, contradicting motives. It is as set in London as it could be in Sydney, or on the Moon. That the second act almost redeems the first is due to its rebellion from the style of the production, the fact that Hoy Polloy allow it to be something other than British television. For the entire first act, we are progressively more confused: if this is objective life, what is going on? In which order? Why are characters such clichés, and how can this Mike the Deus Ex Machina character be taken seriously by anyone? What should we feel, why?
In this naturalistic hell, it is good to ask why do it in the first place. It is, for one, immensely hard. Film has free access to the recognition, to the synthesis of memories and associations, endlessly triggered by details: the scenery, the facial traits of the local populace, the gesture, the weather, the textures, the sounds. The play, creating the world anew in the black box, must conspire with the audience to allow for the sparse staging elements to stand for the world of details the audience may not even be familiar with. We need to work together. And so, the first act of How to Disappear… is one big effort to distill a quotidian London from the strange string of events, semi-realistic costumes (but recognisably slack Australian tailoring), and shaky accents which travel the British Isles in order to accumulate credibility.
I am highly against theatrical acting in accents. I imagine that deftness with accents is bread and butter to local actors, but it helps neither the play nor the acting to have them stumble around Commonwealth as if in a farce. All the usual problems are present here: the acting suffers, the sense of inconsistency abounds – why does everyone feel the need to try on an Irish accent? – and, most importantly, it creates a high wall between our time and space, and that of the play, with the result feeling a bit like sitting in front of some imported BBC show. I left the theatre wondering why it made me feel so little. The text was so strong. As a person who once thought about disappearing herself, I thought I would feel its breath on my neck. Instead, its energy was dissipated in a hopeless chase of details.
And why? When a play is showing a mirror to its context, and skilfully breaks reality down into minuscule details, like Ranters Theatre recently did with The Wall, there may be a rationale, but if a play is already striving towards a universal message, why not try to bridge the gap, climb the wall?
David Passmore probably gives the most consistent performance, both in mood and accent, holding the play together with his omnipresence on stage. Michael F Cahill's performance is of equally high standard, but the remaining three actors struggle to represent an entire world of strange, half-hallucinatory yet unmistakably British people. And who can blame them?
Venue: Mechanics Institute Performing Arts Centre, Corner of Sydney & Glenlyon Roads, Brunswick
Dates: 23 May – 7 June 2008
Times: Tues-Sat 8:15pm, Sun 5:00pm
Tickets: $30 / $20 Conc / $18 Tuesdays
Bookings: (03) 9016 3873 or hoypolloy@bigpond.com
Tagged formal inquiry, lyrical realism, naturalism
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Just like, according to Debussy, music is the space between the notes, so is meaning the space between the signs. Here on Guerrilla Semiotics you will find notes and counter-notes on words, images, sounds and space, and what the mind makes of it all, regardless of whether it is theatre, dance, film, graphic novel, or a city that we are talking about.
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Infiltrators attempting to poison the water by penetrating a water treatment facility
Hackers have successfully penetrated the computer system that controls a water treatment facility in Oldsmar, Florida, according to a report by the Tampa Bay Times.
By doing so, the hackers were able to remotely control the computer to change the chemical levels of the water supply, and increase the amount of NaOH before the moderator could detect the action in real time and revert the changes.
There was never a significant negative impact on the treated water, and the important thing is that the public was never in danger, "Bob Gualtieri, Pinellas County Police Chief, said during a press conference on Monday, later posted on YouTube.
Sodium hydroxide is used in water to regulate acidity levels, but excessive amounts of it can be dangerous to humans because it is the same inorganic compound used in corrosive household cleaners.
Although no one was injured, the incident is a disturbing example of hackers targeting public infrastructure with unclear intentions.
Pinellas County is currently investigating the breach along with the FBI and the Secret Service, and other nearby towns and cities have also been alerted about the potential threat.
It is noteworthy that this is not the first incident in which the water supply is targeted, as a water facility in Illinois was targeted by suspected Russian pirates in November of last year.
The Tampa Bay Times explains in its report the moment when the remote station operator noticed a fatal error when the mouse began to move across the screen without touching it.
The station operator was monitoring the system and noticed that someone had accessed it for a short time, and the operator said: He did not find this unusual, because his supervisor was regularly accessing the system remotely, but someone entered the system again on the same day.
The operator saw someone control the mouse, point it to the program controlling the water treatment, and stay in the program for between three and five minutes, and increased the amount of NaOH from 100 ppm to 11100 ppm.
The attacker then left the system, while the operator immediately changed the concentration to 100 ppm.
The province says there are other preventive measures in place that have been able to prevent direct harm to the 15,000 residents who depend on the Oldsmar drinking water plant.


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Qatar Open Data Portal
Qatar Digital 2020 Strategy includes Strategic Objective 3: Increase Government Openness to generate economic and political value by collaborating with customers on co-design.
The targets for "Increase Government Openness" are:
20% increase per annum in users participating on forums moderated by government
10% increase per annum in availability of government data sets
A number of projects have been designed to achieve this strategic objective, including the development of an Open Data Policy, and the development of an Open Data Portal.
Qatar published the Open Data Policy in November 2014. This policy confirms the commitment of the Qatari government to Open Government, and specifies that "The Open Data Policy will institute specific actions to ensure all of our Government Agencies will take steps to expand public access to government data by making it available online unless restricted by law, policy, regulations or contract."
Technology provides the capability to distribute large amounts of data and information through many different platforms on a vast array of subjects. The Government of Qatar will provide the public (citizens, residents, businesses, expats, and other interested parties) with access to data that is produced, collected and used by the public sector and make this data available through a single and searchable window.
Accordingly, MoTC has developed Qatar Open Data Portal, which provides a platform for government entities to share data, and make it available to the public. This, wisely and prudently, will create an ecosystem where the society as a whole will be engaged and encouraged to participate.
The portal will provide users with the ability to access open datasets from government entities from a single catalog; the portal will also contain information concerning policies, standards, guidelines and procedures to be implemented either manually or through automation.
This portal will enhance existing sectorial initiatives such as the Qatar Information Exchange operated by the Planning and Statistics Authority.
The Open Data Portal will ensure that data can be appropriately shared and re-used by government entities and the public in general, improving data quality, internal efficiency and innovation.