text:
Connor Weir
Jacqueline Le
Metronidazole is one of the mainstay drugs for the treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections, protozoal infections, and microaerophilic bacterial infections. It is cytotoxic to facultative anaerobic microorganisms.
Metronidazole is FDA-approved for the treatment of protozoal infections such as Trichomoniasis vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, blastocysts, and Balantidium coli. It is also FDA approved to treat anaerobic bacterial infections caused by Bacteroides species, Fusobacterium species, Clostridium species, Gardnerella vaginalis, Helicobacter pylori, Prevotella species, Porphyromonas species, and Biophilia Wadsworth.[1] Therefore, it is not surprising that metronidazole is widely accepted and FDA-approved for the treatment of a broad range of infections: intestinal amebiases, liver amebiasis, bacterial septicemia, bone and joint infections, central nervous system (CNS) infections (meningitis and brain abscess), endocarditis, gynecologic infections (endometritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, bacterial vaginosis), intra-abdominal infections, lower respiratory tract infections, skin structure infections, and surgical prophylaxis (colorectal surgeries).[2]
Metronidazole has additional off-label uses in the management of other conditions and infections including balantidiases, bite wound infections, animal and human bites, clostridioides (formerly Clostridium difficile), Crohn disease, post-surgical resection management, perianal fistulas, Dietamoeba fragilis infections, giardiasis, Helicobacter pylori eradication, periodontitis, post ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (pouchitis), and tetanus.[2]
Metronidazole has rapid bactericidal effects against anaerobic bacteria with a killing rate proportional to the drug concentration. Concentration-dependent bactericidal properties have been demonstrated against Entamoeba histolytica and Trichomonas vaginalis. Furthermore, it kills Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium perfringens more rapidly than treatment doses of clindamycin. It also penetrates the blood-brain barrier.[3][4][5][6]
Metronidazole diffuses into the organism, inhibits protein synthesis by interacting with DNA and causing a loss of helical DNA structure and strand breakage. Therefore, it causes cell death in susceptible organisms.
The mechanism of action of metronidazole occurs through a four-step process. Step one is the entry into the organism by diffusion across the cell membranes of anaerobic and aerobic pathogens. However, antimicrobial effects are limited to anaerobes.[7] Step two involves reductive activation by intracellular transport proteins by altering the chemical structure of pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase. The reduction of metronidazole creates a concentration gradient in the cell that drives uptake of more drug and promotes free radical formation that is cytotoxic.[8] Step three, interactions with intracellular targets, is achieved by cytotoxic particles interacting with host cell DNA resulting in DNA strand breakage and fatal destabilization of the DNA helix.[9] Step four is the breakdown of cytotoxic products. Metronidazole is also cytotoxic to facultatively anaerobic bacteria like Helicobacter pylori and Gardnerella vaginalis, but the mechanism of action to these pathogens is not well understood.[7]
Metronidazole may be administered orally, intravenously, or topically. It comes in capsule, tablet, topical and intravenous forms. The standard capsule dosing is 375 mg. Standard tablet dosing is 250 mg or 500 mg. Standard intravenous preparation and dosing is 5mg/mL (100mL) and 500 mg (100 mL), respectively. When administered intravenously, the drug solution should not come in contact with equipment containing aluminum. Infusion of the intravenous solution should be over 30 to 60 minutes. Oral administration can be taken with food to help minimize stomach discomfort. The extended-release tablets should be administered on an empty stomach 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals. It should not be split or crushed. The topical application gel is 0.75% and 37.5 mg per applicator and is applied vaginally.[10]
Dosing of metronidazole for some of the more common indications are listed below[11][12][13][14]:
Dosing for amebiasis, both intestinal (acute dysentery) and extraintestinal: [15][16][17][18][19]
Oral: 500 to 750 mg every 8 hours for 7 to 10 days to be followed up with an intraluminal agent
Dosing for bacterial vaginosis:
Oral: 500 mg twice each day for 7 days.
Dosing for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) treatment:
Mild/moderate PID: Oral: 500 mg twice a day for 14 days (may be added to combination therapy)
PID with tubo-ovarian abscess, initial treatment (as an alternative regimen): IV: 500 mg every 8 hours as part of an appropriate combination regimen
PID with tubo-ovarian abscess, oral therapy subsequent to clinical improvement on a parenteral regimen: Oral: 500 mg twice daily with doxycycline for at least 14 days
Dosing for trichomoniasis infection:
Initial treatment: Oral: 2 g in a single dose or 500 mg twice daily for 7 days (preferred regimen in HIV-infected women)
Persistent or recurrent infection (treatment failure single-dose therapy): Oral: 500 mg twice daily for 7 days for the failure of 2 g single-dose regimen
Dosing for Giardiasis:
Oral: 250 mg 3 times each day or 500 mg 2 times each day for 5 to 7 days
Dosing for intra-abdominal infections:
Oral, IV: 500 mg every 8 hours as in an appropriate combination regimen. Therapy duration is 4 to 7 days following adequate source control, and longer duration is necessary for uncomplicated appendicitis and diverticulitis managed nonoperatively
Dosing for skin and soft tissue infections:
Necrotizing infections (a component of an appropriate combination regimen): IV: 500 mg every 6 hours - continue until debridement is no longer required, the patient has clinically improved, and is afebrile for 48 to 72 hours
Dosing for surgical site infections, incisional (intestinal or GU tract; axilla or perineum), warranting anaerobic coverage:
IV: 500 mg every 8 hours combined with other appropriate agents.
Dosing for surgical prophylaxis:
IV: 500 mg within one hour before surgical incision in a regimen with other antibiotics; recommended for select procedures involving the head and neck, GI tract, or urologic tract
Dosing for oral colorectal surgical prophylaxis:
Oral: 1 g every 3 to 4 hours for 3 doses with additional oral antibiotics, following mechanical bowel preparation the evening prior to a morning surgery with subsequent appropriate IV antibiotic prophylaxis regimen
Dosing for Helicobacter pylori eradication:
The triple regimen with clarithromycin: Oral: Metronidazole 500 mg 3 times each day combined with clarithromycin 500 mg twice a day and a standard-dose or double-dose proton pump inhibitor (PPI) twice daily; continue regimen for 14 days
Quadruple regimen with bismuth: Oral: Metronidazole 250 mg 4 times each day or 500 mg 3 or 4 times each day in combination with bismuth subsalicylate 300 to 524 mg or bismuth subsalicylate 120 to 300 mg 4 times each day, tetracycline 500 mg 4 times each day, and a standard-dose PPI twice each day; continue regimen for 10 to 14 days
Concomitant regimen: Oral: Metronidazole 500 mg twice each day in combination with clarithromycin 500 mg twice each day, amoxicillin 1 g twice each day, and a standard-dose PPI twice each day; continue regimen for 10 to 14 days
Dosing for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI):
Metronidazole no longer first-line antibiotic choice. "Either vancomycin or fidaxomicin are preferred agents over metronidazole for initial episodes of CDI - if access to vancomycin or fidaxomicin is limited, metronidazole is an option for an initial episode of nonsevere CDI only at a dose of 500 mg orally 3 times daily for 10 days
Fulminant Clostridium difficile infection: Vancomycin administered orally is the regimen of choice; in the presence of ileus, vancomycin can also be administered rectally - IV metronidazole should be administered 500 mg every 8 hours together with oral or rectal vancomycin, particularly if an ileus is present
The primary adverse effects of metronidazole include confusion, peripheral neuropathy, metallic taste, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Adverse events seen in greater than 10% of the population include headache (18%), vaginitis (15%), and nausea (10% to 12%). Adverse events affecting less than 10% of the population are metallic taste (9%), dizziness (4%), genital pruritus (5%), abdominal pain (4%), diarrhea (4%), xerostomia (2%), dysmenorrhea (3%), urine abnormality (3%), urinary tract infection (2%), bacterial infection (7%), candidiasis (3%), flu-like symptoms (6%), upper respiratory tract infection (4%), pharyngitis (3%), and sinusitis (3%). Rarely, there are reports of transient leukopenia and neutropenia as well.[20][21]
Metronidazole comes with a black box warning that it may be carcinogenic based on some animal studies in mice and rats. However the risks are considered low, and additional follow-up studies of patients treated do not reveal an increased incidence of cancer. As with any medication choice, physicians and patients must decide whether the benefit from therapy outweighs the potential risk. The use of metronidazole should be reserved for conditions approved by the FDA; it should not be used prophylactically or unnecessarily.[10][22][21]
Additional warnings and precautions for metronidazole exist. Prolonged courses of the drug can cause severe neurological disturbances due to the risk of cumulative neurotoxicity. Monitor for neurologic sequela and discontinue therapy if any abnormal neurologic symptoms occur.[19][22] Prolonged use may also result in fungal or bacterial superinfection, including C. difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) and pseudomembranous colitis. There are reports of CDAD even after more than 2 months of postantibiotic treatment. Candidiasis infection may also be more prominent during metronidazole treatment.[19][23]
Metronidazole is contraindicated in patients with documented hypersensitivity to the drug or its components, and it should be avoided in first-trimester pregnancy. Patients should also avoid consuming alcohol or products containing propylene glycol while taking metronidazole and within three days of therapy completion. Metronidazole is likewise contraindicated if there has been recent disulfiram use within the past two weeks.[10]
During and after prolonged therapy or repeated courses, complete blood count (CBC) with differential requires monitoring. Carefully observe patients for the onset of neurologic symptoms and consider discontinuation of metronidazole when or if new neurologic symptoms occur. Elderly patients, as well as previously diagnosed patients with severe hepatic impairment and/or end-stage renal disease, should also be monitored closely.[10]
There have been reports of disulfiram-like reactions in patients drinking ethanol while administered systemic or vaginal metronidazole. A typical disulfiram reaction causes flushing, tachycardia, palpitations, nausea, and vomiting. Alcohol should be avoided during treatment and from up to forty-eight hours to fourteen days after treatment completion depending on the source; the manufacturer product information recommends avoiding alcohol ingestion during metronidazole therapy and for at least 48 hours afterward. Ethanol-containing medications such as elixirs as well as tipranavir, capsules, intravenous (IV) anidulafungin, IV trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and many cough/cold syrups can also lead to a disulfiram-like reaction when ingested with metronidazole.[10][24]
Enhancing Healthcare Team Outcomes
There should be judicious prescribing of metronidazole by providers only for known indications and high clinical suspicion for needing treatment of anaerobic bacterial infections, protozoal infections, and microaerophilic bacterial infections. Overprescribing may contribute to increasing future antibiotic resistance to the drug, so a pharmacy consult is necessary for the prescriber to ensure directed therapy. Documentation already exists regarding increased resistance to metronidazole in the treatment of C. difficile infections. Also, prescribers, nurses, and pharmacists should routinely provide education to patients to abstain from alcoholic beverages while taking metronidazole, which in turn will help lead to fewer disulfiram reaction symptoms; nursing will play a role in monitoring for this and other potential adverse effects. The patient should also be informed there may be a change in urine color. The team of health professionals including physicians, nurses, and pharmacists must work together to provide the best care for these patients when using this drug. [Level 5]
[1] Pankuch GA,Jacobs MR,Appelbaum PC, Susceptibilities of 428 gram-positive and -negative anaerobic bacteria to Bay y3118 compared with their susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, metronidazole, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cefoxitin. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1993 Aug; [PubMed PMID: 8215278]
[2] Löfmark S,Edlund C,Nord CE, Metronidazole is still the drug of choice for treatment of anaerobic infections. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2010 Jan 1; [PubMed PMID: 20067388]
[3] Stratton CW,Weeks LS,Aldridge KE, Inhibitory and bactericidal activity of selected beta-lactam agents alone and in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitors compared with that of cefoxitin and metronidazole against cefoxitin-susceptible and cefoxitin-resistant isolates of the Bacteroides fragilis group. Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease. 1992 May-Jun; [PubMed PMID: 1611847]
[4] Ravdin JI,Skilogiannis J, In vitro susceptibilities of Entamoeba histolytica to azithromycin, CP-63,956, erythromycin, and metronidazole. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1989 Jun; [PubMed PMID: 2548442]
[5] Nix DE,Tyrrell R,Müller M, Pharmacodynamics of metronidazole determined by a time-kill assay for Trichomonas vaginalis. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1995 Aug; [PubMed PMID: 7486930]
[6] Ralph ED,Kirby WM, Unique bactericidal action of metronidazole against Bacteroides fragilis and Clostridium perfringens. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 1975 Oct; [PubMed PMID: 172007]
[7] Edwards DI, Nitroimidazole drugs--action and resistance mechanisms. I. Mechanisms of action. The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy. 1993 Jan; [PubMed PMID: 8444678]
[8] Edwards DI, Reduction of nitroimidazoles in vitro and DNA damage. Biochemical pharmacology. 1986 Jan 1; [PubMed PMID: 3940526]
[9] Tocher JH,Edwards DI, The interaction of reduced metronidazole with DNA bases and nucleosides. International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics. 1992; [PubMed PMID: 1544834]
[10] Finegold SM, Metronidazole. Annals of internal medicine. 1980 Oct; [PubMed PMID: 7436193]
[11] Gonzales MLM,Dans LF,Sio-Aguilar J, Antiamoebic drugs for treating amoebic colitis. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2019 Jan 9; [PubMed PMID: 30624763]
[12] van Schalkwyk J,Yudin MH, Vulvovaginitis: screening for and management of trichomoniasis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and bacterial vaginosis. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC. 2015 Mar; [PubMed PMID: 26001874]
[13] Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Summary of 2015 CDC Treatment Guidelines. Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association. 2015 Dec; [PubMed PMID: 26975162]
[14] Gardner TB,Hill DR, Treatment of giardiasis. Clinical microbiology reviews. 2001 Jan; [PubMed PMID: 11148005]
[15] Mazuski JE,Tessier JM,May AK,Sawyer RG,Nadler EP,Rosengart MR,Chang PK,O'Neill PJ,Mollen KP,Huston JM,Diaz JJ Jr,Prince JM, The Surgical Infection Society Revised Guidelines on the Management of Intra-Abdominal Infection. Surgical infections. 2017 Jan; [PubMed PMID: 28085573]
[16] Stevens DL,Bisno AL,Chambers HF,Dellinger EP,Goldstein EJ,Gorbach SL,Hirschmann JV,Kaplan SL,Montoya JG,Wade JC, Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the infectious diseases society of America. Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2014 Jul 15; [PubMed PMID: 24947530]
[17] Bratzler DW,Dellinger EP,Olsen KM,Perl TM,Auwaerter PG,Bolon MK,Fish DN,Napolitano LM,Sawyer RG,Slain D,Steinberg JP,Weinstein RA, Clinical practice guidelines for antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2013 Feb 1; [PubMed PMID: 23327981]
[18] Chey WD,Leontiadis GI,Howden CW,Moss SF, ACG Clinical Guideline: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection. The American journal of gastroenterology. 2017 Feb; [PubMed PMID: 28071659]
[19] McDonald LC,Gerding DN,Johnson S,Bakken JS,Carroll KC,Coffin SE,Dubberke ER,Garey KW,Gould CV,Kelly C,Loo V,Shaklee Sammons J,Sandora TJ,Wilcox MH, Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA). Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2018 Mar 19; [PubMed PMID: 29562266]
[20] McKendrick MW,Geddes AM, Neutropenia associated with metronidazole. British medical journal. 1979 Sep 29 [PubMed PMID: 519201]
[21] Smith JA, Neutropenia associated with metronidazole therapy. Canadian Medical Association journal. 1980 Aug 9 [PubMed PMID: 7260762]
[22] Hernández Ceruelos A,Romero-Quezada LC,Ruvalcaba Ledezma JC,López Contreras L, Therapeutic uses of metronidazole and its side effects: an update. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences. 2019 Jan; [PubMed PMID: 30657582]
[23] Saginur R,Hawley CR,Bartlett JG, Colitis associated with metronidazole therapy. The Journal of infectious diseases. 1980 Jun; [PubMed PMID: 7391617]
[24] Williams CS,Woodcock KR, Do ethanol and metronidazole interact to produce a disulfiram-like reaction? The Annals of pharmacotherapy. 2000 Feb; [PubMed PMID: 10676835]
Take 12 Question Quiz on Metronidazole


text:
A Book of Silence
In her late forties, after a noisy upbringing as one of six children and adulthood as a vocal feminist and mother, Sara Maitland found herself living alone in the country and, to her surprise, falling in love with silence. In this fascinating, intelligent, and beautifully written book, Maitland describes how she set out to explore this new love, spending periods of silence in the Sinai desert, the Scottish hills, and a remote cottage on the Isle of Skye.
Maitland delves deep into the rich cultural history of silence, exploring its significance in fairy tale and myth, its importance to the Western and Eastern religious traditions, and its use in psychoanalysis and artistic expression.
Her story culminates in her building a hermitage on an isolated moor in Galloway, and as she guides readers through experiences of silence in this new home, she evokes a sense of peace that includes the reader in its intimate tranquility.
Audio Education – Theory, Culture and Practice
Scott Sherk | Listening to:

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The 1st Regiment New York Mounted Rifles, sometimes designated 7th Regiment New York Volunteer Cavalry, was a cavalry regiment of the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Service

Companies organized and mustered in between July 1861 and September 1862, and served in the Department of Virginia (VII Corps and IV Corps) and Department of Virginia and North Carolina, principally at Fort Monroe, Norfolk and Suffolk, Portsmouth, Williamsburg and Yorktown, Virginia; in Wistar's Division, XVIII Corps, from January 1864; in the Cavalry, Army of the James, with the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, X Corps, from March 1864; a detachment as escort, headquarters Army of the James, from July 1864; unattached from August 1864; in the 3d Brigade of the Cavalry Division, Army of the James, until March 1865; again unattached to the close of the war; and at Fredericksburg, Virginia, from April 1865. Companies H and D served with the 10th Corps from June 1864; with XVIII Corps from August 1864.

July 17, 1864, 270 men of the 16th New York Heavy Artillery Regiment, who had volunteered to serve with the regiment, were transferred to it.

September 6, 1865, the regiment received the designation, 4th Regiment New York Provisional Cavalry, and its final record will be found under that head.

Total strength and casualties
The regiment lost by death, killed in action, 1 officer, 18 enlisted men; of wounds received in action, 1 officer, 12 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, 4 officers, 125 enlisted men; total, 6 officers, 155 enlisted men; aggregate, 161; of whom 8 enlisted men died at the hands of the enemy.

Commanders
Colonel Charles C. Dodge
Colonel Edwin Vose Sumner Jr.
Lieutenant Colonel Benjamin F. Onderdonk

See also

List of New York Civil War regiments

Notes

References
The Civil War Archive

External links
 Civil War Museum Unit History Project New York State Military Museum and Veterans Research Center - Civil War - 1st Mounted Rifles Regiment History, photographs, table of battles and casualties, and historical sketch for the 1st Regiment Mounted New York Rifles.
 National Park Service The Civil War Regiment Details Union New York Volunteers

Mounted Rifles 001
Military units and formations established in 1861
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865
1861 establishments in New York (state)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Basic Breathing Meditation - SIT. BREATHE. LOVE.
This is a very simple meditation to help you focus on your breathing. Just feel yourself breathe in and breathe out - let your breath simply happen.
As you breathe, imagine you're breathing in peace and tranquility. When you breathe out, let go of any negativity you might be holding onto.


text:
Falling Down (ver 2) - Oasis
Artist: Oasis
Song: Falling Down (Chemical Brothers Remix)
Album: Dig Out Your Soul
Intro: F#5
F#m              A/E
A setting sun that blows my mind
D               Bm
Is falling down on all that I've ever known
Time to kiss the world goodbye
Falling down on all that I've ever known
E                        F#m
Is all that I've ever known
D     E                  F#m
F#5
Bm               D
A dying scream, it makes no sound
F#m            A
Calling out to all that I've ever known
Bm         D
Here am I, lost and found
F#m             A
Calling out to all
Bm                 D             F#m  A
Bm               D             F#m  A
Bm     D F#m A
We live a dying dream
Bm    D F#m A
If you know what I mean
Bm D F#m A x2
Bm               D             F#m A
Bm                 D             F#m A
Now we'll kiss the world goodbye
Oasis - Falling Down :: indexed at Ultimate Guitar.
Falling Down tabs @ 911Tabs
People who played Oasis - Falling Down also played these songs by Oasis:
Wonderwall Chords, Dont Look Back In Anger Acoustic Chords, There Is A Light That Never Goes Out Acoustic Chords, Wonderwall Acoustic Chords, Shes Electric Chords, Dont Go Away Acoustic Chords, To Be Someone Chords, Champagne Supernova Chords, Dont Look Back In Anger Chords, Cast No Shadow Chords, Some Might Say Chords
About the artist behind Falling Down:
Oasis are an English rock band that formed in Manchester in 1991. The group was formed by Liam Gallagher (lead vocals), Paul Arthurs (guitar), Paul McGuigan (bass) and Tony McCarroll (drums), who were soon joined by Liam's older brother Noel Gallagher (lead guitar, vocals). Oasis have sold more than 50 million albums worldwide,[1] and have had eight UK number one singles. The Gallagher brothers are the band's leading songwriters and the only continual members. The present lineup is completed by rhythm/lead guitarist and songwriter Gem Archer, guitarist and songwriter Andy Bell and unofficial drummer Zak Starkey.
The band initially gained prominence performing on the Manchester club circuit. They were signed to independent record label Creation Records and afterwards released their debut album Definitely Maybe in 1994. The following year, the band recorded (What's the Story) Morning Glory? (1995) with their new drummer Alan White, whilst rivalling with Britpop peers Blur in the charts. The Gallagher brothers were featured regularly in tabloid newspapers for their sibling rivalry and wild lifestyles, cultivating reputations both as bad boys and as a band of the people. At the height of their fame, Oasis' third album, Be Here Now (1997), became the fastest-selling album in UK chart history, but lost much of its long-term appeal after the initial hype and positive reception tempered.
While recording their fourth album Standing on the Shoulder of Giants (2000) in 1999, Oasis lost two founding members and suffered a notable decline in popularity in America. The band added replacements Gem Archer and Andy Bell for Heathen Chemistry (2002). Their sixth album Don't Believe the Truth (2005) with Zak Starkey, despite turbulent recording, became their best-selling and best-received album in a decade. The following year, the band released a compilation album entitled Stop the Clocks. In February 2007, Oasis received the BRIT Award for outstanding contribution to music.
The seventh studio album by the band is reported to be complete and, although an official release date has not been confirmed, both Liam and Noel Gallagher have been quoted as saying that the album is due out in September 2008. [2] [3]
Show us your talent, perform Falling Down!
Here you can post a video of you playing the Falling Down, so your fellow guitarists will be able to see you and rate you.


"Wildlife is a domestic drama both sad and terrifying. The entire cast does exceptional work (Oxenbould is an exciting find), but the movie is anchored by Mulligan, who gives the best performance of any I've seen in film this year."
"[Dano] gives his actors space so that the rhythms are their own, and they hold us through the tough final scenes and bittersweet ending. This is a superb film. "
"The film is filled with sensitive performances that help to upend the fantasy of the nuclear family as the cure for society's ills. It's a sparse but stunning mood piece, and a wonderful showcase for Dano as a uniquely family-driven auteur."
"We've seen stories like Wildlife done many times before but rarely are they done with such grace and humanity. "
"In capturing the crumbling of a family and the scars left behind, Paul Dano has made a fascinatingly complex portrait of the fracturing of American ideals. "
"Wildlife offers a fresh glimpse of lower-class anomie and the rhythms of life in a simpler time and place."
"She's a woman out of time, and Ford's story, written 30 years ago, set 60 years ago, is strikingly resonant."
"Carrie Mulligan ignites a blaze in actor-turned-director Paul Dano's moving familial melodrama about a 1960's housewife and mother who can't catch up with the feminist stirrings she feels inside. One word for Mulligan: Wow."
"It's one worth making the trip to the theater for. Wildlife isn't just a great first film, it's a great film. "
"This is an accomplished, moving piece of filmmaking, one that cares about its characters and trusts its performers. It comes from a relatively old school of dramatic storytelling but it connects emotionally because of Dano's tender but confident work and what he's able to draw from two of the best performers of their generation. "


The Getting Down to Facts II project is grateful for the writing of Kathryn Baron, Julia Koppich, and Mary Perry; the copyediting of Susan Frey and Louisa Potter; the graphic design of Dawn Lewandowski; the document and website design of Studio 22; the photography of Bryan Patrick Photography; the videography of Jessa Ciel Productions; the website development of Hiep Ho; the administrative management of Shawn Bernardo; and the excellent research assistance of Erika Byun.
We would also like to acknowledge Christopher Young and his team at RAND who supported the administration of the teacher and principal surveys to the American Educator Panel; Julie Maxwell-Jolly and her team at the California School Boards Association for their support and assistance with survey administration; Susan Moffitt and her team at Brown University who led the superintendent interviews on behalf of the Getting Down to Facts II project; and Jonathan Isler and the Analysis, Measurement & Accountability Reporting Division team at the California Department of Education for their support of several projects in Getting Down to Facts II.
We are also grateful to Galt and Liberty Ranch High Schools in Galt, California and Sutterville Elementary School, Sacramento, California for granting us the opportunity to photograph their campus and community.


text:
Black Lives Matter: the role of Justice Defenders in advancing racial equality
I was only nine years old, but I vividly remember the photograph on the book cover. It was of a Black man in a striped prison uniform, surrounded by besuited White men constraining him with wide leather straps. The expression on his face was as if life left his body before he was dead.
Later I read about a Black boy named George Stinney. At 14 he was convicted of murdering two White girls. Because of a confession he gave to a sheriff who offered him ice cream and the chance to go home in exchange. George was too small to fit in the electric chair and had to sit on a Bible so his head could reach the electrode.
As well as being poor and Black, these two humans had another thing in common: a look of defeat. There was no spark in their eyes – pupils replaced by a dull blankness. This is the effect our law and justice system can have. The ability to drive the lifeblood, the joy, the hope of a future from us, and leave us broken.
I've seen this same look on the faces of countless prisoners around Africa. And on men, women, and children around the world. Not behind bars or physically restrained, but weighed down by the burden of systemic racism. Stifled in their ability to live fully because of brutality enacted by those specifically charged with community safety. Eyes with no sense of mattering. No hope. No connection. No justice. No peace.
I'm the son of a Jamaican father and a British mother. I write this as the descendent of slaves and slave owners. I come from those who have perpetrated great crimes and those who have suffered. As my very DNA attests, I believe we have the opportunity to make bridges of our lives. To find ways of connecting and recombining, leaving behind what hasn't served us and moving forward in a radically new way.
Seeing with eyes that have cried
The Black Lives Matter movement was formed in response to specific American challenges. A government founded in ideals of liberty and equality, now embroiled in battles of police brutality, mass incarceration, and systemic racism. As with many others, George Floyd's death and the events and conversations following it have caused me to shed tears. But the problems evident there are also felt here in the UK, and around the globe. There's a reason the eyes of the world have fixed on issues of racial justice, and demonstrations and activism have sprung up in all corners. Racial oppression is an invisible web. And when we look closely, we see its very structure is what holds up our systems, governments, and ways of life.
It's high time the issues raised by the Black Lives Matter movement receive attention. We're faced with a collective reckoning of how our justice systems work for some, against others. And this movement – wrapped in a global pandemic that also highlights racial disparity – gives us the chance to examine ways we can make real and lasting change.
People often ask why Justice Defenders trains people behind bars in law rather than simply working to give prisoners access to lawyers. My answer is to quote the words of Saint Oscar Romeo: "There are many things that can only be seen through eyes that have cried." And also because we believe dismantling the threads of injustice can best be done from the margins. That those with the least power in society can be agents of change and reform, unpicking and unraveling the unjust to weave together a seamless garment of justice.
As the Black Lives Matter movement plays out in a country long considered a world superpower, Justice Defenders is working with a quiet urgency in Kenya and Uganda. I'm encouraged daily to see how our defenders of the defenceless are showing a new way of living together. We might be oceans away and each experience unique particulars. But we're joined in a common cause, dismantling the master's house from within.
Creating a preferential option for Black lives
I've found the 'preferential option for the poor' to be a helpful framework for thinking about how we must prioritise Black lives in our work. The preferential option is an aspect of Catholic social teaching that requires the defenceless and marginalised to be considered primarily when assessing institutions, policies, and lifestyles. This doctrine implies that the moral test of a society is how it treats its most vulnerable members. "The poor have the most urgent moral claim on the conscience of the nation. We are called to look at public policy decisions in terms of how they affect the poor."
If we apply this frame to matters of law, order, and justice, we can see how powerful a preferential option for Black and brown lives could be in transforming the status quo. When being Black is one of the strongest indicators of poverty. When being Black means you have an exponentially higher probability of being incarcerated, arrested, stopped and searched. When being Black means you're disproportionally the victim of police brutality. When being Black means you are punished more than White people who commit the same offences.
And if we also take to heart a mantra of 'radical integration,' we commit to breaking down any barriers that exist within our community. Finding ways to elevate voices that are traditionally muffled. Hiring people from defenceless communities. And connecting those from vastly different walks of life through conversation and reflection in a soon-to-be-launched series we're calling Unlikely Allies.
Reimagining the relationship between offender and law enforcement
Even as the Covid-19 crisis spreads across the globe, I received a WhatsApp video from our team in Kenya. It was of a woman named Susan from Machakos Prison. In her prison uniform and issued face mask, she sat in front of a computer in a plastic chair. She was attending her own virtual hearing with the high court. In the video, the judge informs her she's been acquitted from her murder charge. And after being held for five years in prison on remand, she was now free. I watched her weep in joy and relief, as cheering and singing breaks out across the prison yard from fellow inmates rejoicing alongside her. And then she's held in a long embrace by a female prison guard. The same person charged with her confinement and keeping, now celebrating alongside her.
Our community of Justice Defenders is comprised of those from either side of the aisle. Prisoners and prison guards. Defense paralegals, judges, and magistrates. Police officers and day laborers. We're proving every day we can radically reimagine relationships between those in the justice system and the officials who enforce public safety. Reflecting a new way of thinking about what these relationships could be. Connection, compassion, and restoration is possible. And adversaries don't have to be created as communities seek public safety and justice.
Disrupting a justice system built by and for colonists
As we witness these moments of relationship, we step back to view our larger context. The prisons in which we work are outposts of colonial times, built during a period of British rule where containment and control of poor, Black people was a means of subjugation. The same powdered wig justice system set up in Kenya and Uganda is modeled after British courts.
In these prisons, it looks like White prisoners wearing trousers while Black ones wear shorts. It looks like White prisoners receiving more, higher quality food than the Black imprisoned people. In my father's country of Jamaica, the Cat O' Nine Tails was used to whip prisoners until 1997 – a holdover from the time of slavery.
The Kenyan prison system still feels the ripple effect of colonial rule of law: loitering punishable by imprisonment. Those who attempt suicide receiving imprisonment rather than care. Impossible fines slapped on minor offences, detention therefore inevitable. Poverty handled punitively.
In stark contrast, the entire Justice Defenders model proves the loftiest of ideals don't require execution by the elite. Rather, we put the power of the law into the bound hands of the disenfranchised. Proving that radical integration is the only means of ensuring liberty and justice for all.
Weaving a seamless garment of justice
While the Black Lives Matter movement is US-centric, the issues it raises reverberate worldwide. I strongly believe there's a fundamental alignment of the work of Justice Defenders, the ethos of BLM, and our global reckoning of the costs of racial inequality. Yet as I state this, I want to be clear: we cannot use this movement to frame every story of injustice. Doing so is opportunistic whitewashing, a version of 'All Lives Matter' we cannot ratify out of respect for the unique circumstances underpinning BLM.
Justice Defenders' engagement with the Black Lives Matter movement should be marked by both humility and ambition. Humility in recognising the powerful work which is already underway. And the ways it grew from specifically American processes of racial injustice, violent policing, and mass incarceration. Ambition emerging from the fundamental alignment of the aims of Justice Defenders and the ethos of BLM: searching for justice for communities 'systematically targeted for demise.' And in doing so, our goal is to practically connect the injustices experienced by our defenceless communities with the structural issues engaged by BLM. Because in the words of MLK, "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."
Director General and Founder


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Landscape Architects Can't Rely on Architecture-Centric Media
Birnbaum Blogs
Charles A. Birnbaum - President + CEO
Laurie Olin, Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza, Rome, IT - Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum, 2008
The biggest problem facing landscape architects, according to a recent survey in World Landscape Architecture (WLA), an online magazine based in Australia, is "a lack of recognition of landscape architecture by the allied professionals and clients."
One would think there are bigger problems for a profession than self-esteem issues, but WLA tells us: "Landscape architects are often conflicted as they seek to create better places often thinking of the profession as a vocation and therefore wish [sic] to be humble achievers in the background rather than our colleagues in other professions who seek the limelight, we often don't promote our role and [we are] also not acknowledged by architects or clients."
The WLA article suggests several ways to promote the profession, but there's still an inferiority complex laced into the messaging – "humble achievers in the background" makes landscape architects seem like wallflowers at the prom.
This is not to say the lack of recognition for the profession isn't real. Tom Campanella, author of a book on the landscape architecture team Clarke & Rapuano (designers of New York City's Brooklyn Promenade and other important works), wrote that Robert Moses – the city's mid-twentieth-century planner – often took credit for the firm's projects, which "used to drive Clarke crazy." The great landscape architect Laurie Olin has likened the profession to being "the good wife" — supportive and working quietly/diligently behind the scenes.
Here's an eye-opener. Since 1985, there have been some 350 recipients of the National Medal of Arts, the highest award given to artists and arts patrons by the U.S. government; twelve architects have been honoured, compared to only four landscape architects: Ian McHarg (1990), Dan Kiley (1997), Lawrence Halprin (2002), and Laurie Olin (2012).
Halprin Office with National Medal of Arts medal, Larspur, CA - Photo by Charles A. Birnbaum, 2008
Rather than cry "boo-hoo", the profession should buck up and take charge of the messaging. We can't just rely on others – especially architecture-centric media – to tell our story. And there are indeed great stories to be told about landscape architecture, a profession that is integral to the ongoing urban renaissance and to mitigating the effects of climate change, social equity, and other issues.
We can also claim credit for what is arguably 19th-century America's greatest work of art – Central Park in New York City, originally designed by Frederick Law Olmsted Sr., and Calvert Vaux (it also includes the work of many important sub-consultants, like horticulturist Ignatz Pilat and engineer George Waring).
Here's our challenge: to increase the visibility of landscape architecture we need to increase the legibility of the designed landscape. Landscape architecture is an innately ephemeral art that involves constantly changing components – light, temperature, seasonality, ecology, hydrology, soil, spatial orientation, social organization, growth and decay, etc. – and one that requires maintenance and management.
Central Park, New York City, NY - Photo by Barrett Doherty, 2015
Where architecture is object-oriented, with a single photograph able to convey a building's identity, landscape architecture is about a narrative that defies easy visual representation. Using a single image of a landscape to convey its identity would be like showing a doorknob to represent a building.
So what can we do? First, to all those practitioners who bemoan their lack of credit in the media: make sure your project contracts state that any and all publicity will include mention of your work, including the press releases, tweets, Facebook postings, etc. (and you should approve of the language describing your role).
If there's any permanent signage or placards associated with the project, make sure your name is on it, right beside the names of the architects and any others credited. In addition to getting it in writing, put it in writing. For decades I've said "publish or perish." We know about design philosophy, artistic intent, and the built works of Oehme, van Sweden because James van Sweden was a prolific author.
And if you can draw, too, that's even better – just look at the insightful and beautifully illustrated writings of Lawrence Halprin and Laurie Olin. If we're going to make places visible and valued, it's our responsibility to tell the story and frame the narrative.
As for our built legacy, not everything will or should survive. However, if an historically significant, designed landscape is going to be lost, it should be documented to Historic American Landscape Survey (HALS) standards. That's the case for the Hanna/Olin-designed Pershing Square in Downtown Los Angeles, which is slated for a complete overhaul.
Madrid Rio post-construction, Madrid, ES - Photo courtesy West 8 Urban Design & Landscape Architecture
Unfortunately, it's too late for the nearby Lawrence Halprin-designed Wells Fargo Center atrium, the only project of its type in his six-decade-long career, which was suddenly demolished late last year. (What does it say that part of the legacy of a celebrated recipient of the Presidential Medal of Arts can be demolished without debate? But that is the subject of another column).
To understand where the profession is going, we have to know where it came from, and The Cultural Landscape Foundation has made it a priority to gather this knowledge before it's too late. To date, we've produced a body of contextual knowledge that includes 15 video oral histories with notable practitioners, and we've documented more than 2,000 designed landscapes in our What's Out There database, which is supported by 11,000 images and more than 1,000 biographies.
The great modernist landscape architect Thomas Church once quipped about the relationship of landscape architecture to architecture as "parsley around the roast." That perceived second-class-citizen status is thankfully evaporating – West8's Madrid Rio, Michael van Valkenburgh & Associates' Brooklyn Bridge Park, and many other projects globally are demonstrating that the future lies in going horizontal, not just vertical.
So let us work collaboratively and individually to raise the visibility of the profession. Rather than offer up some What Color Is Your Parachute?-inspired bromides about self-empowerment and self-esteem, I'd like to suggest that the profession consider this line from the great American drag queen and philosopher RuPaul: "If you can't love yourself, how in the hell you gonna love somebody else?" Can I get an Amen?
NOTE: This article by TCLF's Charles Birnbaum first appeared on September 5, 2018, on Dezeen and includes a lively debate in the article's comments section.
Ian McHarg
Daniel Urban Kiley
Lawrence Halprin
Laurie Olin


BP2WS combines with Model Driven Architecture (MDA) and Web Services two promising approaches, which are expected to lower the risk of investment in software projects for business applications. An integrated, MDA-based methodology is developed, comprising all steps from requirements engineering and business-process modelling to a service-oriented implementation. The methodology is enhanced with modelling conventions und transformation rules, which are specific to MDA's levels of abstraction. Beside implementation of the results, usage is shown by examples and case studies.
To facilitate enterprises to keep up with the constant change in business relationships, it is crucial to develop adaptive business systems and value chains. In order to achieve this, methodologies, methods, and infrastructures to support end-to-end modeling of cross-organizational business processes are required, allowing changes to business processes being defined at the business level and providing well-defined (and possibly largely automated) model transformations and refinements down to the level of information and communication technology systems. This project specifies model transformations for a model-based architecture enabling the derivation of service-orienten IT models from cross-organisational business process descriptions. The focus is on a differnatiated consideration of the diverse representations of business processes in modeling languages like ARIS (architecture of integrated inforamtion systems) or BPDM (business process definition metamodel). A prototype for an automated transformation form ARIS to BPDM is implemented.
The Workflow-Codegeneration Framework supports human modeler in the transformation between graph-based modeling languages (as e.g. JWT or BPMN) in block-based execution languages (e.g. as parts of BPEL).
Wf-Codegen includes adapters for different modeling tool suites such as AgilPro or IBM Rational Software Modeler (RSM), but it can easily be adapted to other modeling tools, too.
Wf-Codegen is a SourceForge - project and has been published at DSM 2007.


text:
Q: Using MapMarker Streets? My company recently installed MapMarker v28.0, and the product description says it comes with something called MapMarker Streets.
My company has an older web application, and the streets we use are kept in a file called streets.tab. It's outdated, and a reason why we updated to the latest version of MapMarker was to get the updated street information.
I can't find any information on how to use MapMaker Streets or access it as data.

A: The company you purchased MapMarker from should be able to send you a link to download the latest MapMarker streets data. I would contact them.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell (left) touted a list of accomplishments claimed by the White House, while Minority Leader Chuck Schumer offered a chilly prediction for what the president's infrastructure proposal might be. | Al Drago/Pool/Getty Images
McConnell, Schumer's op-eds push dueling SOTU predictions
By LOUIS NELSON
01/30/2018 07:31 AM EST
Both Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Minority Leader Chuck Schumer wrote in op-eds published Monday that they hope President Donald Trump will call for a bipartisan infrastructure bill when he delivers his State of the Union address on Tuesday night.
But aside from a desire to see such an infrastructure package, the two men offered sharply differing predictions for Trump's first State of the Union. McConnell, whose piece was published in The Louisville Courier-Journal, touted a list of accomplishments claimed by the White House, while Schumer, whose op-ed ran in The Washington Post, offered a chilly prediction for what the president's infrastructure proposal might be.
"On this issue, Democrats agree with the president: America's physical infrastructure is the backbone of our economy, and we have fallen behind," Schumer (D-N.Y.) wrote. But the minority leader lamented that what the White House has revealed thus far from the president's infrastructure proposal would be relatively light on federal funding, relying instead on private capital and money from state and local governments. Such a plan, Schumer said, would leave out rural areas unable to afford such investments and place the funding onus on middle-class Americans from whom private companies would recoup their investments via tolls and fees.
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"Democrats will watch the State of the Union hoping that President Trump will change course — by emphasizing the need for a major, direct federal investment in infrastructure," Schumer wrote. "The president faces a choice: The hard right doesn't want him to expend federal resources, but to effectively rebuild our nation's infrastructure, he must."
Addressing infrastructure in his own op-ed, McConnell seemed more bullish on the possibility of a bipartisan infrastructure deal. "Our network of roads, bridges, airports and waterways is critical to nearly every segment of our economy," he wrote. "Working with the administration, we can develop a bipartisan plan to help businesses get their products to consumers and help all of us travel more safely and efficiently."
Like Schumer, McConnell (R-Ky.) lobbed criticism at the fringe of the opposing party, suggesting that "liberal Washington Democrats have obstructed the president's agenda at every turn to satisfy the far-left." Nonetheless, the majority leader celebrated Trump's successes thus far, including last year's tax cut legislation, a wave of conservative judicial nominees and a campaign to loosen government regulations.
Republicans seek to tame Trump on trade
By BURGESS EVERETT
"During the State of the Union, President Trump can herald the many accomplishments of his first year in office and lay out his vision for the second," McConnell wrote. "As he discusses the strong state of our union, I will be proud to stand up and applaud."
Trump Infrastructure Plan
State of the Union 2019
State Of The Union Speech
Donald Trump Presidency


If you are telling someone you are visiting the Philippines, they will most likely ask you if you are planning to go to Palawan island, or to El Nido to be exact.
El Nido is not the easiest spot to get to. Located on the northern part of Palawan, you can either fly to Puerto Princesa (the capital of Palawan), and from there take a bus or a van up to El Nido. This ride will take you about 5-6 hours, and our word of advice to you is this: do not go for the cheapest option!
Well, up to you of course.
There are decent buses going (with wifi & aircon), and the local buses, which take god knows how long (you might share your space with chickens and goats). We opted for comfort and speed, and went with a company called Daytripper Palawan. They came to pick us up from the airport, the aircon van had plenty of space and we even got a welcome snack and water! We paid 900php / person for this luxury, but it was worth it! Good customer service from start to finish.
The road up to El Nido is very curvy the entire way, so bring padding if you want to sleep, bring extra clothes because the aircon is set to COLD, and if you suffer from motion sickness, brace yourself! The van stops half way at a nice restaurant, where you can eat and stretch your legs.
On our way back to Puerto Princesa we went cheap, and paid 500php / person for a van. And as usual, you get what you pay for. Space was gone (I could not have my legs straight and I'm 'only' 168cm), luggage traveled on the roof (which is normal here, but still) and we stopped in a place where toilets were quite rough to say the least. For 5 hours of agony I would have paid the extra 400php for the upgrade.
You can also fly to El Nido. Island Transvoyager Inc. (ITI) flies daily from Manila to El Nido airport. Travel time is approximately 55 minutes. Alternatively you can fly to Coron, and take a ferry down to El Nido.
The town of El Nido is surprisingly crowded. The few main streets are built back-to-back with hotels and shops, and the beach is not the best El Nido has to offer. If you want peace and quiet (meaning no roosters at 4am and no heavy traffic starting at 5am) opt for a hotel or resort not directly in town.
The best part of El Nido is definitely the nature from the sea. If you take one of the standardized island tours (they have A, B, C and D), again you get what you pay for. You can sit with 15 others and fight to enter the 'hidden lagoons' or you can pay more and get a private boat. We were with the 4 of us, took a private boat and paid 1200php / person for the whole day (including lunch).
In El Nido you also need to purchase a 200 php environmental permit for access to most touristic "attractions". It is valid for 10 days and covers island tours, diving and other outdoor activity. Most tourist establishments can arrange this for you.
When arranging an island tour, opt to leave early, as most tours leave at 9am and it gets crowded pretty quickly. We actually ended up skipping spots just because we did not feel like huddling over 25 other tourists in bright life vests to get to 'hidden beaches.' So the boat crew took us to few quiet beaches off the official Tour A, and we got to enjoy lunch and snorkeling in private! This was truly worth it! Gorgeous snorkeling spots just off the beach, freshly grilled fish served as lunch, and nobody else in sight.
We stayed at a small place called Sei Naziones, which was cozy but very noisy… There are plenty of new and modern hotels that have just been built up. It's also worth it to just go there and walk around to find your spot, at least you will see the surroundings and can determine the noise level yourself.
Another great way to discover the seas is by diving, but that will be a post on its own… As is the actually 'hidden' beaches away from town.


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Jim Hagedorn on Crime
Keep existing rules for police accountability.
Hagedorn voted NAY George Floyd Justice in Policing Act
This bill addresses policing practices and law enforcement accountability:
lowers the criminal intent standard--from willful to knowing or reckless--to convict a law enforcement officer for misconduct in a federal prosecution,
limits qualified immunity as a defense to liability in a private civil action against a law enforcement officer, and
grants administrative subpoena power to the Department of Justice (DOJ) in pattern-or-practice investigations.
Rep. Elise Stefanik in OPPOSITION (3/1/21): I voted against H.R. 1280--this bill poses a grave danger to law-abiding police officers, as it would eliminate qualified immunity protections, lower the standard for federal civil rights lawsuits, and limit access to necessary equipment during emergencies and natural disasters. Democrats rushed this bill to the House Floor without accepting any input from Republicans, expert testimony, or significant data. I am proud to sponsor the JUSTICE Act with Senator Tim Scott, to provide necessary reforms to end police brutality while protecting our law-abiding officers.
OnTheIssues explanation of "qualified immunity": "Qualified immunity" means that police officers (and other government officials) cannot be sued for actions on duty, unless knowingly taking unreasonable actions. This bill would limit "qualified immunity," which means the family in cases like George Floyd's could sue the police for civil damages.
Biden Administration in SUPPORT (3/1/21): We must begin by rebuilding trust between law enforcement and the people they are entrusted to serve and protect. We cannot rebuild that trust if we do not hold police officers accountable for abuses of power and tackle systemic misconduct--and systemic racism--in police departments.
Legislative Outcome: Passed House 220-212-0 on March 3, 2021, rollcall #60; received in Senate on March 9; no further Senate action during 2021. Source: Congressional vote 21-HR1280 on Feb 24, 2021
2021-22 Governor, House and Senate candidates on Crime: Jim Hagedorn on other issues:


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Lysapsus limellum est une espèce d'amphibiens de la famille des Hylidae.

Répartition
Cette espèce se rencontre entre 100 et  d'altitude :
 en Argentine dans les provinces de Buenos Aires, de Corrientes, du Chaco, d'Entre Ríos, de Formosa, de Santa Fe et de Santiago del Estero ;
 en Uruguay dans les départements de Salto et d'Artigas ;
 au Brésil dans les États du Mato Grosso et du Rondônia ;
 au Paraguay ;
 en Bolivie dans les départements de Beni, de Cochabamba, de La Paz, de Santa Cruz et de Pando.

Publication originale
 Cope, 1862 : Catalogues of the Reptiles Obtained during the Explorations of the Parana, Paraguay, Vermejo and Uraguay Rivers, by Capt. Thos. J. Page, U. S. N.; And of Those Procured by Lieut. N. Michler, U. S. Top. Eng., Commander of the Expedition Conducting the Survey of the Atrato River. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, ,  (texte intégral).

Liens externes

Notes et références

Anoure (nom scientifique)
Pseudinae


Old home site of local sawmillers. The house is gone but you will pass the old sawmill on the way in. Just 5 miles from I-40, but no houses or lights in sight.
Hike down to Mulberry River or .5 mile to endless National Forest. Great stop for interstate travelers that want to stretch their legs or for multi-day campers who want to explore the area.
Hmmm we couldn't find any listings within Sawmill Ridge that match your search criteria. Try removing filters or zooming the map out and searching again.


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Our commitment to veteran hiring at Dropbox
"At Dropbox, we're always looking to hire talented people with integrity and grit—characteristics core to military veterans. It's important to Dropbox that we're intentional about building an inclusive culture, and we should all care about ensuring our veterans go on to great careers after their service."
-Drew Houston, Co-founder and CEO, Dropbox
For many, 2020 has been far from easy. We've been faced with massive challenges, and many of us have struggled to find ways to cope. In times like these, we look to communities that represent leadership, hope, and resilience amidst the chaos—one of the greatest of which is our veterans, who we proudly celebrate and honor for their service on Veteran's Day.
Veterans are a vital part of our community and we've always focused on making sure they are supported and feel a part of our family. So we're excited to announce that we're launching a recruitment program targeted at career opportunities for veterans to thrive and grow at Dropbox. This is one of the steps we're taking towards increased veteran representation. We're starting with a new landing page, bespoke training modules for hiring managers and recruiters, and we've identified specific roles for which veteran applicants would be especially well-qualified. We're confident that veterans can make meaningful impact at Dropbox with the broad set of skills they possess.
This program has been a long time coming. Ever since we launched our Vets@ employee resource group (ERG) in 2017, we've been looking for opportunities to build a culture that is more inclusive of veterans. In this ERG, veterans, military families, and allies come together to build community and support veterans, both internally and externally, through strategic partnerships and volunteer efforts. And our Vets@ community has been integral in the creation of the recruitment program. We've also designated November as Veterans Appreciation Month, which provides even more opportunities to help both employees and their communities at large understand and band together with our veterans.
As Dropbox goes Virtual First, we'll have increased opportunity to create a more diverse workforce by hiring from different backgrounds and locations. We're always looking for outside-the-box thinkers and strategic problem solvers who can apply their past experiences towards their current endeavors. That means actively looking outside traditional hiring pools and actively seeking out candidates like veterans, who can bring a whole new level of expertise and leadership to all of our teams.
For Dropbox, diversity, equity, and inclusion is about removing barriers for everyone, so that we all have the opportunity to fully use our talents. We still have a lot of work ahead of us, but we are excited about the journey we are on to increase representation and support of our veterans. We believe the world can work better, and we know veterans can help us get there.
Dropbox Team
How I Built This With Guy Raz: Dropbox: Drew Houston
Dropbox announces Q3 2020 results
Introducing Dropbox Smart Sync and new collaboration tools
By Rob Baesman
Secure collaboration on campus: Introducing Dropbox Education
By Jason Katcher
Find what you need faster on iOS 9 with iPhone 6s and iPhone 6s Plus
By Parakram Khandpur and James Anthony
iOS 8 compatibility issue with camera upload
By Chris Lee
Coming soon to Dropbox for Business: New control and collaboration features
By Ilya Fushman
Dropbox ahora está en Castellano
Dropbox makes several 'Best Workplaces' lists in 2020


text:
coming home, fish, Kokanee Salmon, outdoors, redfish, Sockeye Salmon, spawning
Coming Home: Kokanee Salmon
Male and female Kokanee spawning
They smell their way home: Kokanee Salmon return to the creek where they hatched to lay their own eggs. They are a land-locked Sockeye Salmon. Around 12,000 to 18,000 years ago, after the last ice age, Bonnington Falls and Coyote Rock blocked the salmons' route to the Columbia River and to the ocean. But these fish survived. They now spend their entire adult lives in Kootenay Lake and unlike other sockeye salmon, they no longer go to the ocean. In their third year, they stop eating and transform into the Redfish you see in these photos. The first people who lived here named them Kokanee (Redfish) and must have feasted on the abundance these fish represented.
Now, there are spawning channels constructed to replace habitat lost to the fish in our own time. The fish return in their thousands in one of the most colourful and moving migrations on our continent. They struggle upstream and build and defend redds (nests) in the stream. Each fish enters the channel and spends about 12 days spawning. They then die and float back down the channel they fought so hard to ascend.
Kokanee Salmon are the keystone species of the ecosystem: bears, Osprey, eagles, gulls, mergansers, Mallards, American Dippers, squirrels, Ravens, Crows, Great Blue Herons other fish and others eat the fish, the eggs or the rotten fish. Without those fish, the forest, the lake and the creek would all be much nutritionally poorer.
I have been told that some first nations hold that those born during the migration "will always hold home in their hearts; know their dreams and will persist until they achieve those dreams." I have paraphrased what I was told, and it was, after all told to me third hand. But we could all do worse than to hold those words in our hearts.
Fighting the current
Swimming upstream
Three years later, they come home to spawn
Keystone of the Ecosystem.
Thousands return to the creek where they hatched.
The struggle to make it up stream
all photos and writing copyright Joanne Siderius 2013.
From → Kokanee Creek Provincial Park, Kokanee Salmon, Kootenay Lake Wildlife, wildlife photos, writing
Great photos, Joanne!
Thank you Jill!
« Videos: Black Bears
The Heart of Kokanee Creek: Kokanee Salmon »


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"Burn: Fumetsu no Face" is the forty-fifth single by B'z, released on April 16, 2008. The song was used in a commercial for the Kose Esprique Precious company. This is one of the many number-one singles by B'z at Oricon Singles Chart, as well first number one on the newly established Billboard Japan Hot 100 and the Top Singles Sales chart.

It is their first single since "Lady-Go-Round" (1990) not to sell over 200,000 copies.

Track listing
 - 3:51
The full music video for the song first premiered on the official fanclub site, B'z Party, marking only the second time this was the case—the first being Ai no Bakudan. Similarly, it was the second music video by the band to employ extensive CG—the first being Super Love Song. The song made its album debut when it was later featured on the band's second anniversary collection, B'z The Best "Ultra Treasure", as the thirteenth track on the second disc.
Yokohama - 4:02
The song was completed and recorded during the Monster sessions, but was first heard with this single's release. Before the single went on sale, the track as played on "FM yokohama 84.7". Additionally, Inaba also attended college in Yokohama.
Kibo no Uta (希望の歌) - 2:50
Also recorded as part of the Monster sessions, the song was first made publicly available with this release. It had been heard by fans prior to this at the March 9th performance during their 2008 tour promoting their latest release, Action, when the song was played to the audience as the band left the stage.

Certifications

References

External links
 B'z official website
 Burn at Barks News

2008 singles
B'z songs
Oricon Weekly number-one singles
Billboard Japan Hot 100 number-one singles
Songs written by Tak Matsumoto
Songs written by Koshi Inaba
2008 songs


For the first time in many years, we flew to Montana for the holidays. We typically drive, and it takes around 14 hours. It was quite nice to take off and land in just a couple of hours.
I thought it'd be fun to take some pictures of the cabin I grew up in. It's just a guest cabin now, but it still seems very cozy.
Several years ago, Trish and I did a 21-Day sugar detox. I was unenthusiastic at the time, but the results were fantastic. I lost weight, my blood pressure improved, and it inspired me to eat better ever since. I created 21-Points Health to track my health and became the cook in our household.
This summer, I journeyed to JCrete, and enjoyed a couple weeks of vacation afterward. While we had a fantastic time, I didn't eat well or exercise much. When I returned home, I was motivated to be healthier before our next big trip.
Two weeks ago, Trish and I decided to do a 14-day sugar detox. We ate mostly meats and vegetables with some fruit (green apples and greenish bananas OK), drank a lot of water (no booze is allowed), and did mostly home-cooking. To step things up a notch, I decided to double my daily exercise and see if I could lose some weight. I started commuting 30+ miles per day to Thrive Workplace. They have two locations in Denver, so I'd pick the closer one depending on the day.
Did it work? I lost a bunch of weight the first week but then plateaued this week. I enjoyed the commute and fresh air, but I was hoping to lose more weight. I think 21 days might be the trick. Then again, my blood pressure is pretty good, so maybe all is well.
After two weeks, I lost 10 pounds (4.5 kg); my blood pressure dropped from 154/92 to 131/80.
Below is a screenshot of this week in 21-Points Health.
If I get three points tomorrow, I'll get 21 points two weeks in a row!
Thanks to Runkeeper for tracking my miles traveled and calories burned.


Stop in and check out the new Exmark Lazer Z 96" Diesel mower. Rated to mow an unprecedented 9.6 acres per hour this machine will out perform two conventional 72" zero turns. This is the ideal large acreage mower.
With a 33-percent wider width of cut than a 72-inch mower the 96-inch UltraCut Flex Wing cutting deck significantly decreases the time it takes to finish large mowing jobs. In fact, a Lazer Z Diesel mower equipped with the 96-inch UltraCut Flex Wing cutting deck and the Yanmar 1.6-Liter Common Rail engine is capable of mowing more than 9.5 acres per hour. The robust engine and cutting width makes it the most productive diesel mower Exmark has built.
The bat wing-style mower deck features a 48-inch center deck with two 24-inch wing decks, which are capable of articulating up to 20-degrees up and 15-degrees down to precisely follow ground contour. When combined with Exmark's rear-discharge deck design, the articulating wing decks allow the 96-inch UltraCut Flex Wing mower deck to deliver a professional finished appearance in less time than ever.
The Lazer Z Diesel Rear Discharge ride-on mower is ideal for applications such as cemeteries and municipalities that require effective control of discharged clippings and reduced sound output. Powered by the 37 HP Yanmar 1.6 Liter Common Rail diesel engine and available with a 96-inch UltraCut Rear Discharge cutting deck, the Lazer Z Diesel Rear Discharge delivers maximum performance when the going gets tough.


Arnage T Final series 500 BHP 6 Speed.2009.
Awesome dark Sapphire blue metallic with cotswold quilted leather. flying B mascot.Lower front wing vents. Brooklands 20" 2 piece alloys.picnic tables,drinks cabinet.quad tail pipes. 4 Brakes discs and pads 1500 miles ago . 4 recent tyres. fresh service. Very rare Final Series.see the frank bruno arnage t interview with reggie yates.


Start your tour in the beautiful historical center of Amarante, then get to know Provensende, a historical village in the Douro Valley. After a break for lunch, in Pinhao, you will enjoy a 50 min river cruise in the Douro. Last but not least, you are invited to a Port wine tasting at the Quinta do Seixo, known for its magnificent views over the vineyards and the river.


A numerical method for actuating performance evaluation of LIPCA proposed using a finite element method. Fully coupled formulations for piezo-electric materials were introduced and 3-dimensional eight-node incompatible element was used. After verifying the developed code with typical examples, the center deflections of LIPCA were calculated and compared with the experimental result, which were in fairly agreement.


This Custom Made Diamond Pendant Name Necklace in 14K gold showcases 3.6 carats of dazzling white and black round diamonds and is available in 14K white, yellow and rose gold, and is fully customizable (hand made in New York). Chain must be purchased separately. Contact us to custom design your own unique diamond name pendant.


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Boasts 30 Highway MPG and 24 City MPG! This Mazda CX-5 boasts a Regular Unleaded I-4 2.5 L/152 engine powering this Automatic transmission. ROOF RACK SIDE RAILS, JET BLACK MICA, GT PREMIUM PACKAGE -inc: Heated Rear Seats, Windshield Wiper De-Icer, Heated Steering Wheel, Active Driving Display (Windshield Type), Traffic Sign Recognition (TSR), Auto-Fold Door Mirror, Ventilated Front Seats.*This Mazda CX-5 Comes Equipped with These Options *Wheels: 19" x 7J Aluminum Alloy w/Silver Finish, Trunk/Hatch Auto-Latch, Trip Computer, Transmission: 6-Speed SKYACTIV-DRIVE Automatic -inc: manual-shift mode and sport mode, Tires: P225/55R19 AS, Tailgate/Rear Door Lock Included w/Power Door Locks, Strut Front Suspension w/Coil Springs, Steel Spare Wheel, Side Impact Beams, Seats w/Leatherette Back Material.* Stop By Today *Treat yourself- stop by Walser Polar Mazda located at 4095 Hwy 61 N, White Bear Lake, MN 55110 to make this car yours today!


Last week I noted I would be voting for the proposed plan to bring a public library to the City of Tuttle. For the third time, the attempt failed. I am hoping the efforts continue. One of these days we hope there will be a public library in Tuttle.
During a conversation last week a friend and I were wondering just what brought the third defeat. Was it a matter of location? Would people have voted for the measure had the proposed location been centered in another part of the City? Maybe somewhere more near Highway 37 and Highway 4? Who knows. Was it a matter of funding? Would people have voted for the measure had there been no request for a 1/2 cent sales tax designated for the project? Maybe the issue was the Tuttle Public School District patrons did not want their property taxes to increase to suppor the Library. Who knows.
These issues stirred in me again when I watched the Tax Cut measures move swiftly through the U.S. Congress with the promise of a Presidential signature. The legislation keeps more money in everyone's pocket. Classism did not win the day – rich and poor benefit. Even more, the ever controversial "earmarks" ensured pet projects will continue to be funded. The new twist? Payroll tax reductions for one year. Looks like everyone makes off well. Except those who eventually will have to pay for it.
Maybe you see the curious intersection. Likely the majority who voted against the Tuttle Public Library Project hoped their congressional representatives would vote to keep the "Bush Era" tax cuts and any other advantage that could be won along the way. Just as we don't want to pay for a public library, no one wants to pay the national debt. But, we will. One day. One way or another. The thing is, most will hope their time on planet earth will have ended so the tax bill does not adversely affect them. Good luck to those who will have to make the hard decisions. Maybe one day we will not have a failure of nerve.
No one wants tax increases. At least not for things we will never see benefit from. But, how is it that we will not consider our children and those who cannot afford smart phones and internet service, those who cannot afford a personal computer, or find transportation to the Mustang Library? We will readily see the benefits of the increase in sales tax and property tax for the good of our Community in a Public Library.
Conversely we do not mind those payroll deductions as they are and how those tax contributions are spent. Most never take the time to investigate just how their tax dollars are spent – be they State or Federal taxes. But, when given the occasion to see how those dollars are spent, influence the way they benefit the good of a local community, we prefer to fund projects often both unnecessary and certainly not seen in our neck of the woods.
Most of the time our reasoning works like this. So long as I get my tax cut, who cares what else we fund. Then, why not consider your new tax cut a solid reason to support a future library project for the good of our Community – whether personally you need it or not. You fund much less worthy projects with your tax dollars across our State and Nation.


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Perfect for training or just for shooting fun, the Chiappa M9-22 is an accurate facsimile of the current M9 U.S. Service pistol but chambered in .22lr. The weight and feel mimic the original, including the famous open slide design and the control as the magazine release and slide mounted de-cocker. The Standard models come with checkered black plastic grips and the Wood model comes with textured wood grip panels. Both M9-22s feature a 5.2" barrel, weigh 2.3 lbs and come with two 10 round magazines.


Relationships are overall complicated with just two people, it's a known thing that relationships are complicated now imagine adding more numbers to that mix. It can be messy. Open relationships are not bad at all, they are not taboo or disgusting, it's still a relationship. If both parties of the relationship agree and are on the same page about it and feel entirely comfortable then it's not a bad idea at all. It becomes wrong when it gets messy, this is where lying comes in, feelings of guilt and less communication occur. Believe it or not, it is possible to have a healthy long lasting open relationship and here are 5 tips on how.
This shouldn't come as a surprise to anyone. Honesty is one of the primary keys in making a relationship work. Take this opportunity to be more honest with your significant other, if you're not being honest then you're lying and lying hurts more than the actions. Be mindful to bring up things with your partner and let them know how you feel, felt about the situation. If there's a person you feel a connection and with and want to pursue let your significant other, know of it don't hold back.
Communication is something that a lot of people lack in relationships, and it always seems to be a reason many people break up. Developing a connection with anyone doesn't matter if it's with a partner or not involves communication. It's important to express your emotions and not keep them bottled up because those suppressed emotions can create resentment. It's important to communicate the things you do and want out of a situation to build trust.
Emotions are emotions they are meant to be felt and are unavoidable. Not saying don't feel a type of way, of course not, if you feel some kind of way then express it, don't hold back but don't let it control you. Remember they're your emotions they're not you. Express them in a healthy matter and never in a rage. Remind yourself that you trust your partner if you don't then why are you even in a relationship with them. Jealousy can always rear its ugly head especially in a relationship so when it does, stop, remind yourself you trust your partner, and bring up the concerns in a calm matter.
Just cause it's an open relationship does not mean one can go around all willy nilly doing anything and everything they want without consequences. You're still in a relationship with just one minor addition. Set boundaries with your partner, if you don't feel comfortable with them being physically intimate with someone then tell them, and if they disagree with that then it's more than an open relationship that they want. Don't be afraid to set your rules and speak out your boundaries in this situation if you're significant other is not okay with any of them then an open relationship is not what you guys need at the moment.
It's important in any relationship to spend time together, not every day but here and there and make it quality time together meaning actually be in the moment with that person. Don't cancel on your significant other for another person that you may want to pursue something with. Remember that you are still in a relationship with the first person and that relationship should come first not a few dates with another person.


Fulham manager Slavisa Jokanovic has decided not change his club attacking style of play despite concerns that Fulham are too open. Fulham suffers a disappointing 5-1 loss against Arsenal before the international break and have a poor defence in the top flight, having conceded 21 goals in eight matches.
Jokanovic has been criticised for not adapting their attractive, possession-based football to cope with the step up in level from the Championship. But the former Serbian star, who spent £100million in the summer, will not change their style and Fulham will continue to press high up the pitch.
Fulham, who are two points above the relegation zone, will again be without Tom Cairney and Joe Bryan for Saturday trip to Cardiff, although Timothy Fosu-Mensah might come back.