text:
A breast biopsy is usually done after a suspicious lesion is discovered on either mammography or ultrasound to get tissue for pathological diagnosis. Several methods for a breast biopsy now exist. The most appropriate method of biopsy for a patient depends upon a variety of factors, including the size, location, appearance and characteristics of the abnormality. The different types of breast biopsies include fine-needle aspiration (FNA), vacuum-assisted biopsy, core needle biopsy, and surgical excision biopsy. Breast biopsies can be done utilizing ultrasound, MRI or a stereotactic biopsy imaging guidance. Vacuum assisted biopsies are typically done using stereotactic techniques when the suspicious lesion can only be seen on mammography. On average, 5–10 biopsies of a suspicious breast lesion will lead to the diagnosis of one case of breast cancer. Needle biopsies have largely replaced open surgical biopsies in the initial assessment of imaging as well as palpable abnormalities in the breast.

Indications
There are many reasons why a doctor may order a breast biopsy. Typical indications include:
 A suspicious area on mammography or ultrasound. This may include:
 Microcalcifications on MRI.
 BI-RADS score of 4 or 5 on mammography, ultrasound, or MRI.
 A suspicious hard palpable lump
 Skin changes like crusting, scaling, or dimpling of the breast, which may signal an underlying breast cancer
 Abnormal nipple discharge

Fine-needle aspiration

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a percutaneous ("through the skin") procedure that uses a fine needle and a syringe to sample fluid from a breast cyst or remove clusters of cells from a solid mass. It is mainly used to differentiate between a cyst and a mass. If the aspirated contents are not cyst-like, then a tissue sample must be taken to better evaluate the mass. Fine-needle aspiration is one of the most commonly used initial diagnostic tools for suspicious lesions. The doctor will typically use a 22 or 27 gauge needle to aspirate out free fluid and cells. It can be done in an outpatient setting and is associated with minimal pain. However, in up to 30% of cases, pathological slides from fine-needle aspiration of breast lesions may be inconclusive, necessitating the need for further testing. FNA can be done to aspirate the contents of a cyst, which may relieve any pain that the cyst caused, or can be used to aspirate a suspicious lesion in conjunction with cytology (cellular analysis). If aspirating the contents of a cyst, the aspirate is usually not sent for cytology unless it is bloody. If the cyst is not detectable by touch, it may be located using ultrasound, MRI, or stereotactic mammography. Recovery time from an outpatient FNA is minimal.

Core needle biopsy

Core needle biopsy (CNB) is another percutaneous ("through the skin") method of breast biopsy that became more popular than FNA in the 1990s due to the larger sample of tissue CNB provides. This method is usually done under ultrasound guidance and involves using two needles, one inner "puncture" needle that is inserted into the mass, and a wider gauge needle with an open "gap" or "trough" on one side that allows for tissue to enter. A spring-loaded sheath then is triggered by the technician that covers the trough in the needle to allow sample tissue to be separated and removed for analysis. Typically four tissue samples are removed to minimize sample error. To prevent the need to pierce the breast repeatedly, a coaxial needle is left in place on top of the mass as a guide. CNB has a higher sensitivity for cancer than FNA, has lower false negatives, and has proven more successful in finding rare breast diseases like lobular carcinoma. However, this method still has relatively high rates of false negatives compared to surgical or vacuum-assisted methods due to the overall low volume of tissue removed. Also, because breast tissue can be difficult to target on ultrasound, as many as 5–10% of suspicious lesions are missed by the needle and may result in a high rate of false negatives, or the need for additional biopsies.

Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy
Vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (VABB) is a more recent version of core needle biopsy using a vacuum technique to assist the collection of the tissue sample. Similarly to core needle biopsy, the needle has a lateral ("from the side") opening and can be rotated, allowing multiple samples to be collected through a single skin incision. This method has become more popular than FNA, CNB, and surgical biopsies due to the benefits of low invasiveness while still obtaining a larger tissue sample. Taking more tissue helps reduce sampling error since breast lesions are often heterogeneous (cancer cells are spread unevenly) and therefore cancer can be missed if not enough tissue is taken. VABB can be guided by stereotactic (most popular), ultrasound, and MRI, and can yield as much as 2g of tissue sample. The vacuum-assisted biopsy category also includes automated rotational core devices.

Direct and frontal biopsy
Recent innovations in tissue acquisition for the human breast have led to the development of unique direct frontal systems. Efficacy is considered optimal if the diagnosis by transcutaneous biopsy is identical to the surgical specimen in case of malignancy or in line with clinical follow-up when benign.

The direct and frontal biopsy systems can even be considered relatively painless. The quality of the sample is sufficient for research on molecular biology.

Excisional (surgical) biopsy

Excisional biopsy involves surgically removing the suspicious area of the breast to examine it under the microscope for diagnosis. One method is wire-guided (or wire-localized) excisional biopsy, where a wire is inserted into the breast and repeatedly imaged using breast ultrasound or mammography until the technician sees that the tip is located in the suspicious area. The suspicious area is then removed entirely in one block by the surgeon with the help of the wire. When the tissue is removed, it is processed by a pathologist, who describes the tissue as it appears by eye and inks the sides to help orient the tissue under the microscope after it is sliced. Each color corresponds to a direction, such as superior, inferior, medial, lateral, anterior, and posterior (these correspond to top, bottom, outside, inside, front, and back). When the tissue is then looked at under the microscope, the margins can then be evaluated to see if they are free of cancer cells, or if the surgeon needs to go back and remove more tissue from that area. Titanium surgical clips are often left behind by surgeons to help future physicians locate the site and monitor for future disease or target the area with radiation if needed. Percutaneous ("through the skin") biopsy methods have become more favored over surgical biopsies due to the high rate of benign findings (80%) and the reduction of adverse effects such as scarring.

Adverse effects

Adverse effects of breast biopsies tend to vary depending on what type of biopsy is performed. The more invasive, such as surgery, tend to have more severe types of adverse incidents, whereas less invasive such as FNA or CNB tend to have less severe. For vacuum-assisted biopsies, some complications of the procedure can include bleeding, post-operative pain, and hematoma formation. However, most can be avoided with proper application of pressure and rest. Some examples of adverse effects of core needle biopsies can include rare biopsy risks like infection, abscess formation, fistula formation, migration of any markers placed in the breast, and potential seeding of the tumor (causing displacement of cancer cells due to the procedure that can start new tumors elsewhere). Another potential adverse effect occurs when taking a biopsy of an area of microcalcification. If the entire area of microcalcification is removed, it is then very difficult to find the suspicious area in the future for treatment. A marker is placed in the suspicious area to help localize the proper area for possible removal at a later date; if this is removed during biopsy, it can be difficult to make sure that the correct area was excised in surgery. Bleeding into the site of the suspicious lesion caused by the biopsy procedure can appear to look like a complex cyst on ultrasound, which could lead to additional unnecessary management. The false negative rate of the results of a breast biopsy is approximately 1%.

References

Biopsy
Breast surgery


text:
from flask.ext.babelex import Babel
from studio.core.flask.app import StudioFlask

app = StudioFlask(__name__)

Babel(app=app, default_locale='zh')

with app.app_context():
    from iefschina.contrib import helpers
    app.jinja_env.globals.update(render_navi=helpers.render_navi,
                                 render_slide=helpers.render_slide,
                                 render_event=helpers.render_event,
                                 render_latest=helpers.render_latest)
    from iefschina import views
    from iefschina.panel import admin
    from iefschina.blueprints import blueprint_www
    admin.init_app(app)
    assert views

    app.register_blueprint(blueprint_www)
    app.add_url_rule('/apps/%s/<path:filename>' %
                        app.name, endpoint='static', #subdomain='static',
                        view_func=app.send_static_file)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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When the shepherds were greeted by the angel in Luke 2 the first thing they heard was "fear not." Anyone who sees an angel coming out of the sky has reason to fear. It's unknown. It's scary. But they are told not to fear. Do not be discouraged if you are fearful today. We all are fearful of something. Some of us fear more than others. The reality is we live in a scary, sinful world. Bad things happen all of the time, and sometimes to people we love deeply. The curse is everywhere. And Jesus came to reverse the curse. By his death and resurrection, sin is conquered. Which means fears are conquered. We do not have to live as slaves to our fears any longer. Whether your fear is what people will think of you, or that your husband will leave you, or that you will never have enough food to feed your family—those fears find their death at the cross of Jesus Christ. As Christian women our hope in times of fear is God. God is working all of our pain, all of our suffering, all of our fears, and all of our happiness for our ultimate good and joy in him. Romans 8:28 says that for those who love God all things are working together for good.
That means our fears too.
Our fears, and the outcome of our fears, are working for our good and joy in Christ. That is our hope. He will do for us all that he has said—but sometimes it's not until we get to our eternal home. I may never bring a child into this world alive. The outcome of that fear for me might mean barrenness. Or it might mean great fruitfulness from my womb. But God has not ceased being God. And he is still my only hope in times of fear, even if he never gives me a living child. So I ask you again, what are you fearing today? Are you reluctant to trust God's goodness? Or are you clinging to him, like Sarah, as your only hope in times of fear and anxiety?
The flames of this life will not overtake us, dear sisters. They might burn us, and maybe burn us badly. But they will not ultimately destroy us. There will come a day when all things will be made new. We will see this grand hope he has called us to—our final salvation. And we will be with King Jesus forever. God created us and saved us for his glory. To serve him and worship him alone. He will keep us to the end. That is our hope in fear. As 2 Corinthians 4:18 says we look not to the seen, but the unseen as we wait for our expected hope, the outcome of our faith.


Web Summit: What Is It and Why We Think It Is Worth Attending?
Web Summit took place November 7-10 in Lisbon, Portugal. Itera Research Company was in attendance and we took a number of notes to document our impressions.
What was the Web Summit 2016? Just one more technology conference among so many others? One more trade fair? One more repetitive technology exhibition?
Major funds: Sherpa Capital, Greylock Partners, NEA, KPCB, Seedcamp.
What other conferences can boast that?
Our overall impression of the conference was very positive.
Web Summit has become a monster of the startup conference world and is the Largest Technology Marketplace in Europe. However, there was none of the glitz and glamour of an MWC or CeBIT. There were no massive corporate stands with flashing lights, no private conferences, no pretence on stage or on the floor, no marketing spiels.
– Top-tier brands speaking / co-hosting the event: All the big names took part in some capacity, delivering great talks on mainstream technology.
– Networking: They have a pre-event app that allows guests to search and chat with other participants. The app is like "Tinder" and enables you to arrange meetings beforehand with relevant businesses / investors.
– Fun: Daily bar crawls, night summit, surf summit, music summit, food summit and so much more!
Web Summit 2016 exceeded all our expectations in terms of size, organization and overall atmosphere. We will certainly be going back next year and hope to see you there!


Taking an international flight to the China-Xi An, enjoy meals and entertainments on board.
Arrival in Xian, the ancient capital city for 11 dynasties in Chinese history. Upon arrival, proceed to visit Shaanxi History Museum, which has been regarded as "the pearl of ancient dynasties and house of Chinese treasures". Then take an outside view of the Ancient City Wall.
Internation and domestic air fare.


This includes any aircraft, other vehicle or person present at Old Warden at the time of the photograph. Aircraft and vehicles, whether or not based at Old Warden, don't have to be owned by the Collection so occasional visitors are eligible as are all the multifarious vehicles, engines, machines, cycles (motor or otherwise), seen on site from time to time. And don't forget the people associated with the Collection such as the pilots, engineers and volunteers etc. Your picture must simply evoke that Shuttleworth atmosphere.
1. The competition is open to digital images only. If images are emailed the maximum file size is 5mb.
2. Only SVAS Photo Section members are eligible. The entrant's name and SVAS membership number must be included in the covering email or written on the cd/ dvd if applicable.
4. Each member may enter up to 5 images. No entry is to have been published previously in Prop-Swing or been entered in the 2018 Print Competition.
6. The closing date for submission of entries to the competition is the 28th April 2019.
b) on a cd/ dvd, handed in at the shop at Old Warden or posted to SVAS Photo Section, Old Warden Aerodrome, BIGGLESWADE, SG18 9EP, in all cases marked for the attention of Paul Ferguson.
8. All entries will be uploaded to a website and the result of the competition will be announced in the Summer issue of Prop-Swing.
Details of how to view entries and how to vote will be sent to all members before the competition closes.
Prize: The winning entrant will be awarded the Ken Cates Trophy which may be held for a period of nine months. A selection of entries including the winner will be published in Prop-Swing.


At Royal Dumpster, we strive to bring you the best service at the best price available. We have a wide selection of dumpster sizes in stock in Lisco, NE, with flexible & timley pickup and delivery. Give us a call today for all your dumpster rental and roll off needs.
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You can easily rent a overnight dumpster in M . d .. It should be as fundamental as making a rapid phone call to plan your rental.
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Having a 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Lisco, NE does not require any kind of big tactical plans such as case within your big business issues. You just need to book any dumpster specifying the time period of 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Lisco, NE. To ebook a dumpster, you would like to place an order using 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Lisco, NE service provider. An earlier intimation of 1 day will help the actual 20 Yard Dumpster Rentals in Lisco, NE service provider to place a right measurement dumpster at your doorway step.
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text:
Svante Dahlström (14 October 1883 – 21 January 1965) was a Finland-Swedish historian. He married music educator Greta Dahlström in 1925 and was the father of musicologist .

Dahlström was born in Turku, Finland, in 1883 to Johan Edvard Dahlström and Augusta Charlotta Hallqvist. After graduating in 1901, he became a Bachelor of Philosophy in 1910, was the first administrative director of the Åbo Academy Foundation from 1917 to 1920 and secretary of the academy's consistory from 1918 to 1944. At the University of Helsinki, Dahlström was the secretary of the student society Prometheus, an organization promoting freedom of religion; he worked together with philosopher and sociologist Edvard Westermarck. He was awarded a licentiate of philosophy in 1929, was docent (associate professor) of Nordic history from 1930 to 1944, an associate professor from 1944 to 1950 and a doctor of philosophy in 1948.

Dahlström founded the Turku-Area Song and Music Society () in 1922, of which he was long chairman, and he was the initiator of the  () in 1929. Among his historical works are  (1929) and Runsala (1942). Under the pseudonym Père Noble he published  (stories, 1917) and  (poetry, 1939).

He died in Turku, Finland in 1965.

References
 Dahlström, Svante in Svenskt författarlexikon 1. 1900–1940
 Dahlström, Svante in Biografiskt lexikon för Finland (2011)
 Dahlström, Svante in Uppslagsverket Finland (web edition, 2012). CC-BY-SA 4.0

1883 births

1965 deaths

People from Turku
20th-century Finnish historians
Academic staff of Åbo Akademi University
Swedish-speaking Finns

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
@implementation MKView

- (NSString *)viewPrototypeName
{
    return @"MVCObject";
}

- (NSDictionary *)options
{
    return [NSDictionary dictionary];
}

- (void)draw:(WebScriptObject *)overlayScriptObject
{
    WebScriptObject *windowScriptObject = (WebScriptObject *)[overlayScriptObject evaluateWebScript:@"window"];
    NSDictionary *theOptions = [self options];

    for (NSString *key in [theOptions allKeys])
    {
        id value = [theOptions objectForKey:key];
        [windowScriptObject callWebScriptMethod:@"setOverlayOption" withArguments:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:overlayScriptObject, key, value, nil]];
        //NSLog(@"return value from setOption(%@) = %@",key, val);
    }
}

- (WebScriptObject *)overlayScriptObjectFromMapScriptObject:(WebScriptObject *)mapScriptObject
{
    NSString *script = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"new %@();", [self viewPrototypeName]];
    WebScriptObject *object = (WebScriptObject *)[mapScriptObject evaluateWebScript:script];
    return object;
}

@end


text:
DDEX launches new music data standards for creators
Digital Data Exchange (DDEX), the organisation which sets the benchmark for date sharing in the digital music industry, has launched of a new set of standards for music creators.
Its new Recording Information Notification (RIN) system standardises the metadata which describes all aspects of a recording project.
This allows songwriters, artists, producers and studio engineers to capture and store essential metadata in a standard form at the point of creation of a musical work or sound recording.
The not-for-profit organisation, which counts PRS for Music among its members, said in a press release that digital music companies rely on 'good' metadata being added into the supply chain.
'One of the best sources for good metadata about music is the place where the music is made: the recording studio', it continued.
Once studio personnel use RIN to capture this 'good' data, distributors and retailers will have better information about the products they are selling and sharing – allowing rightsholders to be more accurately remunerated.
RIN metadata is compatible with all the other DDEX standards used across the digital music supply chain, enabling a more efficient information flow from the studio.
Maureen Droney, the Recording Academy Producers & Engineers Wings managing director and key member of the RIN Working Group, said: 'RIN will facilitate crediting, ensuring that performers, producers, recording engineers are properly identified and paid for their contributions.
'Organisations that collect and distribute performance royalties to creative contributors often find it difficult to obtain information on their identity. With this revenue stream growing it is more important than ever to streamline the process of identifying and paying the appropriate parties.'
DDEX, which celebrates its 10th anniversary this month, was founded to explore, develop and maintain a framework of open and voluntary data exchange standards for information around digital media content.
Alongside PRS for Music, members include Sony Music Entertainment, Universal Music Group and Warner Music Group, plus international collecting societies ASCAP, BMI, GEMA, SACEM and SOCAN.
Making music?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I was so excited to find out that Hannah of What Hannah Wrote has nominated me for the Christmas 'would you rather' tag recently, so I had to find a spot in Blogmas to complete the tag because it looks so fun! Thank you so much for nominating me Hannah, you can read how she answered here!
1. Would you rather… a warm Christmas or a white Christmas?
Definitely a white Christmas! We never get snow where I live (yes, the rest of the UK apparently got snow this week while I was left with absolutely nothing) and I think a white Christmas would feel so much more festive than a warm one - it just wouldn't feel right!
2. Would you rather… a gingerbread man or a mince pie?
I have to go with a mince pie for this one - I actually don't like gingerbread! But I do like mince pies quite a lot (especially home made ones) so that makes up for it.
New York of course! I can't wait to go next May, but I can imagine how beautiful it would look at Christmas time. I mean, I'd rather spend any day in New York, Christmas is no exception!
4. Would you rather… eat a full Christmas dinner every day in the month of December, or never again?
I'm going to be controversial here and go for never again; I've never been huge on the full Christmas dinner experience and wouldn't miss it too much. Eating the same meal every day for a month would get so sickening!
5. Would you rather… have "Happy Xmas (War is Over)" by John Lennon stuck in your head, or "Wonderful Christmastime" by Paul McCartney?
Neither of them are Christmas songs I would choose to listen to (sorryyyy) but I actually vaguely know the tune to the first one so we'll go for that!
1. Would you rather... only listen to Christmas songs the whole month of December, or not listen to any at all?
2. Would you rather... only give presents or only receive presents?
3. Would you rather... watch Elf or Home Alone?
4. Would you rather... receive one big present or several little presents?
5. Would you rather... wear red lipstick or gold shimmer eyeshadow on Christmas day?
This tag was so fun, thank you again so much to Hannah for nominating me!
This is a great tag! I love mince pies so much, but i'd have to stay at home for Christmas I'm such a homey person I don't think it would feel like Christmas to me if I was in another city!


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Toxicity Summary
Data on maleic anhydride can also be used for maleic acid given that maleic anhydride is hydrolyzed to maleic acid in the body.
Acute oral toxicity:
LD50 data for maleic acid as well as for maleic anhydride are in the same range: 708, 1030, 1090 mg per kg body weight.
Acute dermal toxicity:
LD50 data for maleic acid are 1560 mg per kg body weight, whereas the LD50 data for maleic anhydride are between (practically) 400 and 100 mg/kg or above 2000 mg/kg (2620 mg/kg).
Acute toxicity, inhalation:
Inhalation is no relevant route of exposure, as the size particles are to large to inhale.
Repeated dose toxicity:
Results from various subchronic and chronic toxicity studies with maleic acid and maleic anhydride in rats and dogs with oral administration are available. Reported LOELs were between 32 and 250 mg per kg body weight and day, depending on study designs. Reported NOELs were 10 and 40 mg per kg body weight and day in rats and 60 mg per kg body weight in Beagle dogs.
In a 2-years toxicity study with maleic acid in rats, administration in the diet, no NOEL or LOEL was defined. The lowest dose was 0.5 % in feed (ca. 250 mg/kg and day). The main findings were increased mortality rate, reduced body weight/body weight gain and histopathological changes in liver, testis and kidneys.
In a 90-days toxicity study with maleic anhydride in rats, administration in the diet, the LOEL was at 100 mg/kg and day. At 600 mg/kg/day, there was slight proteinuria in both sexes, increased relative liver weight in males, increased relative/absolute kidney weights in both sexes. At 250 mg/kg/day, there was increased relative/absolute kidney weights in males. Grossly observed kidney changes were seen in males fed maleic anhydride 100, 250, and 600 mg/kg/day.The changes were characterized by increased size, pale discoloration, and evidence of dilated tubules in the cortex. Microscopically, the kidneys showed varying degrees of nephrosis, being most severe in the high-dose group. These changes consisted of diffuse tubular dilatation, hypertrophy, and degeneration and regeneration of the tubular cells in the cortical portion of the nephron. A decrease in severity of these changes was observed at lower dose levels, with the kidneys from the 100 mg/kg dose group showing minimal laterations. Similar changes were observed in the kidneys of females, but were generally limited to the high-dose group and were much less severe.
In a 90-days study with maleic anhydride in rats, administration in the diet, the NOEL was 40 mg/kg/day, which was the highest concentration tested.
In a 183-days toxicity study with maleic anhydride in rats, administration in the diet, the LOEL was 250 mg/kg and day. No statistically significant changes in mean body weights and food consumption between treated and control animals. Neither were there any meaningful (or significant) differences in hematology, urinalysis, urine concentration, or clinical chemistry tests. At the 90-day timepoint, the relative liver weight for the rats in the high-dose level and the absolute/relative kidney weights for both the 250 and 600 mg/kg groups were significantly higher compared to the controls. At 183 days, there was a significant increase in the absolute and relative liver and kidney weights for both treatment groups, increased relative testes weight, brain and heart, and decreased fasted body weights for rats at 600 mg/kg/day. Treatment-related changes were present in the kidneys of rats terminated at 90 and 183 days. The observed changes indicated a marked accentuation of the spontaneously occurring findings seen in the control animals. The changes in the controls and treated animals included: individual tubules that were dilated and contained eosinophilic staining casts, granular degeneration of the epithelial cells lining these tubules, tubular collapse and atrophy with peritubular fibrosis, focal mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates, glomeruli that showed thickening of the basement membrane, thickening and epithelialization of Bowmans Capsule, and occasionally showed either focal or diffuse sclerosis of the glomerular tufts. Both tubular and glomerular changes in treated animals were more severe than controls, and much more severe in the treated rats at 183 days compared to 90 days. In addition to the focal nature of the lesion (in controls), the tubules throughout the cortex of treated rats showed a generalized dilatation and hypertrophy. There were more degenerative tubules and tubules showing mitotic activity in treated versus controls. The degree of degenerative, hypertrophic, and regenerative changes was dose-related. In many of the 600 mg/kg dose group animals, there was a marked decrease in the amount of functional tissue in the kidney. Livers of maleic anhydride-treated rats at 183 days showed changes characterized by swollen individual hepatocytes having vacuolated cytoplasm.
In a 2-years toxicity study with maleic anhydride in rats, administration in the diet, the LOEL was 32 mg/kg and day, the NOEL was 10 mg/kg and day. There was only marginal toxicity which was evidenced by small, but dose-related, decrease in body weights of male rats fed 32 and 100 mg/kg/day compared to the controls. The female rats fed 32 and 100 mg/kg/day also had reduced body weights, but the reductions were smaller and of shorter duration than those observed in males. Food consumption was also slightly reduced during limited periods during the study for animals in the mid- and high-dose groups. Neither neurologic nor ophthalmologic evaluations revealed differences between treated and control animals. Hematology, clinical chemistry, gross or histopathological evaluations (including the kidneys) showed no differences between treated and control animals that were considered related to maleic anhydride exposure.
In a 90-days toxicity study with maleic anhydride in dogs, administration in the diet, the NOEL was 60 mg/kg and day.
Reproductive toxicity
Maleic anhydride has been tested in a two-generation reproductive toxicity study at oral gavage doses of 0, 20, 55 and 150 mg/kg/day. There was no significant reduction in the percentage of pregnant females or the percentage of fertile males. No adverse effects on litter size and on pup survival were observed at doses up to 150 mg/kg/day in the F1 litters or up to 55 mg/kg/day in the F2 litters. Maleic anhydride was toxic to parental animals in all dose groups. Significant mortality occurred in the F0 and F1 parental animals. During the second generation, the 150 mg/kg/day female group was terminated on study week 42 due to 100% mortality. Respiratory rales were observed in the F1 (and to minor extent in the F0) adults and the incidence and severity appeared to increase with dose. In the high-dose group F0 body weights were significantly reduced by Week 11, this reduction persisted for the remainder of the test. The mid-dose group means were low but not statistically significantly different from the controls. F1 generation showed a similar pattern of depressed weight gain; however, only the F1 males in the high-dose group had statistically significant body weight depression at 30 weeks. Microscopic examination of tissues for F0 adults revealed compound-related changes in the kidneys and bladder of rats in all dose groups. However, renal cortical necrosis, present in 60% of the males and in 15% of the females was only observed in the high-dose F0 group. In the F1 generation, the absolute kidney weights of adult females in the low- and mid-exposure groups were significantly increased to 108 and 111%, respectively, of the control value. There were no microscopic changes in these kidneys. The NOAEL for reproductive effects was 55 mg/kg/day. For parental toxicity, however, the LOAEL was 20 mg/kg/day.
In female CD rats dosed orally (by gavage) to 0, 30, 90 or 140 mg/kg maleic anhydride in corn oil during days 6 to 15 of gestation had no developmental effects that were considered treatment-related. Dams in all experimental groups either failed to gain weight or lost weight between Days 6 and 9 of gestation; however, the effect was reversible and there were no statistically significant effects on body weight gains at any interval. Dams from all test groups produced normal-sized litters, with no evidence of post-implantation loss. Fetal body weights in all treatment groups were slightly reduced compared to controls but the reductions were statistically significant only in the 30 and 90 mg/kg groups. This is not considered to be compound-related because fetal weights for concurrent control and all treated groups were slightly greater than the historical control values. There was no evidence of a dose-related increase in any specific malformation. Fetal variations were comparable both in type and frequency in the control and treated groups. There was, however, no maternal NOEL because females at 30 mg/kg failed to gain weight from gestation day 6-9 although this was not statistically significant. The NOAEL for both maternal and developmental toxicity was 140 mg/kg/day.
These effects are likely to reflect the toxicity of maleic acid since maleic anhydride is rapidly hydrolyzed to maleic acid in the body, particularly by the oral route of exposure.
One Ames test and one in vitro gene mutation assay with maleic acid were negative andDNA sythesis was inhibited in another study.
One Ames test with maleic anhydride also gave negative results. One in vitro chromosome aberration study with maleic anhydride was performed only without a metabolising system and gave positive results, one other in vitro chromosome aberration study with maleic anhydride gave ambiguos results.Due to inadequate documentation on this study, it is unclear whether the results were due to the test material itself or a change in pH to an acidic environment, which could have resulted in a non-specific effect.
Toxicokinetic summary
Absorption / distribution
The data of acute and repeated toxicity studies clearly indicate absorption of maleic acid in the gastrointestinal tract and distribution in the body. Target organs are kidneys and possibly the liver.
In a study with dogs were fed 60 mg/kg/day maleic anhydride for 90 days the plasma levels were determined (although no analytical data was presented as to whether maleic anhydride or maleic acid was measured since maleic anhydride is rapidly hydrolyzed in aqeuous solutions). An uptake rate constant of 3.49x10E-3 per day and an elimination rate constant of 8.32x10 E-2 per day were calculated assuming a one-compartment model. According to the model, 99% of steady state was reached by day 55 of the study. The dogs were maintained at steady state for the final 35 days of study.
Dow Chemical Company (1984b) Plasma Levels of Maleic Anhydride in Dogs Fed 60 mg/kg/day for 90 Days. Unpublished Report (Secondary Source: SIDS Initial Assessment Report).
Maleic acid can penetrate the skin, as shown by acute dermal toxicity data, although the log Pow is very low (-1.29).
No relevant differences occurred in the three mutagenicity studies with and without the addition of a metabolising system. No indication of the importance of the metabolism of the test item was obtained from these studies. Influences on body weight developments in repeated dose toxicity studies may be caused by reduced palatability of the feed mixed with the test substance rather than by metabolic effects.
Biomechanical Mechanism
Maleic acid produces a condition in laboratory animals analogous to the human Fanconi syndrome. Marked changes in both renal tubular function and morphology occur within a period of 2 hours of maleate administration. The most prominent features in morphological alteration are an enormous accumulation of vacuoles in the apical portion of proximal tubular cells and increased density of the cytosol. Target sites are mainly the late S2 segments of proximal tubules. Renal function changes are characterized by reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR) of superficial nephrons, decreased fractional Na reabsorption, and increased amino acid, glucose and phosphate excretion.
Pfaller, W., Gstraunthaler, G., and Kotanko, P. (1985). Compartments and Surfaces in Renal Cells. In: Renal Biochemistry. Cells, Membranes, Molecules (Kinne, R. K. H., ed.), pp. 1-63, Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc, NY (Secondary Source: SIDS Initial Assessment Report)
No information is available on excretion of the test item.


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Take 5: It means taking a break – stopping for a few moments and assessing where you are, where you've been and where you're going. But Take 5 is so much more than that – it's also 5 easy steps that you can take to help decide if you need to change the way you gamble. If you or a loved one has ever wondered if gambling is putting you at risk, maybe it's time to Take 5. * Initiate a Secure Chat with one of our counselors by logging into the GamblingSupportNetwork.ca website and clicking the "Chat with a Counselor" button. *Find out more information about Group Forums. A new interactive group chat session with experienced counselors and/or clinical therapists offered on a monthly basis. * Text the word TAKE5 to 1-902- 700-7702 to enroll in our motivational SMS/Texting program from your mobile device. We will send you helpful motivational messages along your journey to quit. Carrier charges may apply.
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The Cromwell Garden Annex is a spectacular new state of the art multi-purpose building running along the south edge of a newly landscaped courtyard garden to the rear of the main hostel.
The building is conceived in two parts. Steps in the garden lead down to a spectacular multipurpose hall cut into the ground. This space is approximately 10x3m and flooded with sunlight from a fully glazed walk-on roof. The walls of the rooms splay outward to frame dramatic upward views to the garden.
Lightweight steps lead from the garden up into an extraordinary bubble shaped meeting and discussion room at first floor level. This domed space has circular and oval windows framing views over the street and back into the garden.
The courtyard garden is beautifully landscaped with trees, planters, new paving and seating areas.


The 4th International Glass Fiber Symposium was held in Aachen from 29 to 31 October 2018. The aim of the event was to discuss the latest technologies and development in the glass fibre industry: from raw materials to finished products. Alongside many scientists from glass fibre research, decision-makers and company representatives of international and medium-sized businesses also participated in the symposium.
ISOLITE was also represented in Aachen, and made use of the opportunity to exchange ideas. As part of a lecture series, Irina Simon, R&D Project Manager, gave a talk on the topic "Inorganic insulation in the automotive industry".
"The conference provides us with a unique opportunity to exchange scientific ideas with other glass fibre specialists and to develop our research links in this sector in particular," Irina Simon said.


Transport CCTV specialist, Synectics Mobile Systems, had cause for celebration recently as it marked its 25th anniversary with a special event attended by past and present staff at its mobile CCTV division headquarters in Preston. Its original founders, husband and wife team John and Christine Haworth were present, as were the current management team. Chris Peat was honoured to be invited to the event and took the opportunity to talk to the transport division of the Synectics Group about its origins and where it is going.
Glasses were raised in toast and speeches were made during the day, with a buffet laid on for the enjoyment of all who attended. All staff at the Preston site were invited to join in with the celebrations.
As well as the party, there was also a display detailing Synectic's history which had been especially commissioned to mark the anniversary. It charted the foundation in 1990 of the company, initially named Lancashire Optical Observation Kameras Ltd, which was later changed to LOOK CCTV. The former Director said that in the beginning it was a case of supplying camera surveillance systems for a range of applications, including buildings and car parks to name a few.
Although this initial order was only for a handful of buses, it was the start of a long term association with the bus and coach market. Blackpool Transport continued using them for CCTV for its new buses. It was in these early days that John started working with a salesman from Northern Counties and 'then things started to roll'.
'In terms of what we supplied, an awful lot of it was determined by customer input. Give them whatever they wanted, nothing was impossible,' said John. A big development was when orders from London started to come in. John said his business 'exploded' into the capital when Ken Livingstone promised CCTV on every bus in the city within five years. The business grew dramatically and by the start of the new millennium, some of the biggest names in the industry were among LOOK's customers.
Originally, John was installing VCR units, with digital cameras still a long way off when the business started. As is the case with all technology, not just CCTV, it is a very fast paced world, so new developments were not uncommon. However, 'the big one', according to John, was the shift to digital recordings. This provided a 'sounder, more reliable' option for operators.
John said he was sometimes surprised at the enthusiasm for new technology in the industry. He recounted mentioning the option of supplying an, at the time, new mini-camera to a potential customer, expecting it not to sell so well due to its relatively high cost. However, to his astonishment, the client snapped it up. They actually proved more popular than he originally thought.
He mentioned Synectics' four 'stages': consult, design, install and support. The company works in all of these areas, acting as a 'consultant' with clients through the whole process of having CCTV rolled out. This has been something it has done throughout its history, according to John. It has worked on bespoke solutions since the beginning, having for example been asked to do such things as put cameras in bus stop signs.
Developments in the actual products supplied are ongoing. One of its more recent is the introduction of its digital video recorder (DVR) for mobile surveillance applications: T1600. It was developed in-house by Synectics R&D and benefits the company's extensive experience in the bus and coach industry, as well as its expertise in surveillance in other sectors. It is housed in a compact orange box that integrates all connections, wireless communications, inputs and outputs in one piece of hardware. It features optional solid state back-up, ensuring crucial evidence is captured even in high shock and vibration incidents, where mechanical hard drives would go into 'self protection' mode.
The T1600 comes with 1TB storage on a single disk as standard with an option to extend to 2TB. The Synectics File System (SFS) ensures a higher data throughput whilst reducing disk wear and energy use. Higher quality image capture is made possible by differential video, which eliminates interference without the use of special cable, as well as hybrid IP recording that allows optional HD capture for front road cameras or other specific areas of interest. The latter is something more and more customers are showing interest in, according to Iain.
When it comes to CCTV technology, integration is something that is expected, said Paul Webb, Chief Executive, Synectics plc, who also attended the 25th anniversary celebration. The potential for greater integration is something that customers increasingly wish to explore. From simple integrations such as brake, speed and indicator overlays on CCTV footage, through to the more complex ones such as connecting telematics data with CCTV are common examples of this. Open protocols and platforms being included in the company's products enable this. Paul said the further roll out of such integration in the bus and coach industry tends to be slower than it is elsewhere in the world of surveillance, but Synectics is well placed to help customers as demand for more integrated solutions grows.
Synectics took over LOOK CCTV in 2004. The company, or Quadnetics Group as it was then known, kept on the LOOK name until 2010, at which point the shift in branding came. The name makes it easier for the parent company to internationalise the transport products, selling them under the same familiar name as its range of other solutions.
Synectics Mobile Systems is now building on the core principle that inspired the name. Synectics by intelligently combining disparate technologies in creative ways to provide total solutions that are greater than the sum of their parts.
Paul said that LOOK was acquired at the same time as Synectics added a number of other organisations to its portfolio. When it took over the firm, it kept the same board and management team with changes coming when it began investing in technology for the LOOK CCTV brand. This saw the T-Series range enter the market, of which the T1600 is the latest. The parent company's Sheffield R&D facility is of great help to the Preston based arm in terms of ensuring its products are as up to date as possible. The specialist UK transport division, on the other hand, provides a direct link with customers, ensuring the parent company is fully informed of what the PCV market seeks.
One of the products Synectics has launched since acquiring the business is the Genius telematics system. This collects vehicle and driver data, including excessive vehicle movement, acceleration and braking. Utilising an integrated GPRS module, this data is relayed and analysed by Synectics and used to create reports showing driver, vehicle and route performance. It features a cab mounted LED indicator for instant feedback on driving. It also has a CCTV health checker, which automatically checks all CCTV systems are fully operational during vehicle start-up.
Jeff joined the organisation as MD in 2012 from a background in Royal Mail. When he started, one of his main tasks was to use his experience in previous roles to further professionalise the business and help the company gear up for future growth.
Also in preparation of further expected growth following a year of new contracts, Synectics has moved into new offices. The whole team, including R&D, sales, marketing and project management, now occupies three floors at the new location in Millennium City Park, with a floor area of 883metres square.
Growth has definitely come since Synectics acquired LOOK CCTV. Go-Ahead has teamed up with the business to enhance surveillance systems and integration across its UK bus operations. The contract includes the installation, maintenance and support of CCTV systems on the operator's fleet of 4,600 buses. A fundamental element of this new strategic partnership will be the development of an integrated software solution, the surveillance specialist's Synergy security management system. This solution integrates the company's on-vehicle CCTV with other critical business systems. This is intended to help to reduce costs, improve efficiency and make surveillance footage easier to access and utilise.
Synectics has signed two new deals with Cardiff Bus to supply CCTV systems for 30 new vehicles it acquired in 2013, as well as service and maintain surveillance systems across the existing 220 strong fleet.
It is not just in the UK where Synectics has achieved some success. It has also relatively recently equipped 51 Wrightbus double deckers with onboard CCTV and recording systems, following a major order from Hong Kong operator New World First Bus Services Limited (NWFB)/Citybus Limited (CTB).
Synectics' client list now includes Metroline, London United, Dublin Bus, Abellio in London, ADL, Wrightbus and many others. Synectics supports over 20,000 CCTV systems and over 3,000 telematics systems. More than 6,000 units of its T-series DVRs are in operation today.
Growth has come from not just the bus and coach sector, but also blue light and light rail operations. These include the Northern Line, Jubilee Line and DLR in London, as well as the Nexus Metro in Newcastle. Jeff stresses that the intention is to remain a PCV specialist, saying the core of the business is bus and coach. 'It's 90% of what we do,' he said.
However, whilst positioning the business for further growth, Jeff said it is important for the company to look after its core market. He said the business will maintain the values and ethos it has had since its foundation. Jeff said that when he was appointed MD, one of the first things he did was to talk to John to understand what is at the heart of the company's success.


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J-Term offers increased FSAT opportunities
This year, increased study abroad options will be offered during the J-term giving students the opportunity to travel to other countries at a cheaper rate than last year. Mercyhurst worked to create a shorter and cheaper study abroad experience for the students during the J-term in response to the interest shown in semester-long study abroad trips.
Students will study on campus for one or two weeks out of the J-term before spending the remaining weeks in whichever country they are going to be studying. There will be classroom preparation ahead of time, where students will be learning about the things they are going to see when they are over abroad. Then they will take the trip and go to different sites that are relevant to their subject matter.
"Part of the reason behind it is because we are making the J-term an experience where the students can have something unique and different that you normally wouldn't get throughout the whole course of the year," said Assistant Vice President of Academic Services Michele Wheaton.
Wheaton describes traveling abroad as an expensive experience. If the students do a smaller, shorter trip during the J-term, it becomes more affordable, because they are not looking for housing for an extended period of time. The university is offering scholarships to help students afford these opportunities.
Mercyhurst offered the "Mercy Travels" study abroad scholarship for the J-term and spring term of 2015. Two anonymous donors offered ten scholarships ranging from $500 to $1,000 for students who have been accepted to the Mercyhurst University Faculty-Led Study Abroad Program (FSAT). This will provide the students with the opportunity to travel, even if they cannot afford it.
"[J-term] abroad should be beyond what you normally get in the classroom in the regular 14 sessions," said Wheaton. "If you do something new, different and innovative, students will get excited about learning something different and they will get an awareness of other cultures and what's out there in the world, because unless you travel you really have no clue."
Currently all courses are full. Last April was when the classes were first announced and reached capacity soon after. The study abroad classes for the 2016 J-term will be announced this upcoming March. Heidi Hosey, Ph.D., who is in charge of the FSAT programs and will be taking a group of students to Spain, encourages other students to be on the lookout on when to register for the next J-term.
The courses offered include "Narrative, Film & Spanish Civil War" and "Intro to Spanish Civilization," in which students will travel to Spain for nine days, three days in Portugal and one day to Morocco.
"We are focusing on the different ways that the Spanish civil war was talked about: in literature, in media, in film. We are going to read a lot and watch some movies, but we are also going to look at the various sites where a lot of the battles took place and follow General Franco's conquest of Catalonia," said Hosey.
The other classes include, "Learning Guyana/Society and Culture" who will be taught by Peggy Black, Ph.D., in which students will engage in various types of community work, all while learning about the society, culture and people of Guyana. Campus ministry has taken students here for the past 11 years, but it is the second time students are going in as a class. Students will be volunteering at the local orphanage.
"We are really going to be working with the people, it's not just learning about the country, but we are going to be working with the families and the children in particular and organizations in Guyana that are helping the poor," said Black. "Our students will provide support for the mission that's there."
There is also the "Travel & Tour Design/Theater in Context" in Ireland with Jodi Staniunas-Hoper and Brett Johnson, Ph.D., "The Mayan or Aquatic Ecology & Lab" in Belize with Sara Turner Ph.D., "Haiti Public Health & Medicine" in Gros Morne, Haiti with Thomas Cook Ph.D., "Volcanos & Lab" class in Costa Rica with Nicholas Lang, Ph.D., and Tauna Hunter will teach "Dance Appreciation Paris" in France.


It's a year now since work got underway in earnest to establish a 'What Works Centre' for children's social care, aimed at supporting practitioners and managers by building an evidence base with which to inform best practice.
The centre, announced – in a different political age – back in 2015 under David Cameron, will form part of a network of 10 such facilities, which exist to improve how research is used to inform various areas of public policy and practice.
"The What Works Centre will have a sharp focus on improving outcomes for our most vulnerable children and families," a Department for Education spokesperson said in May this year.
In October 2017, social innovation charity Nesta won the contract to develop the What Works Centre, with Cardiff University being named as research partner the following month. The organisations are receiving £5 million of DfE funding each with which to 'incubate' the centre to March 2020, by which point it is meant to operate independently.
Candidate documents published in late spring, when the centre was recruiting for its founding chair – a post subsequently filled by ex-Association of Directors of Children's Services (ADCS) president Alan Wood – indicated some uncertainty over its future beyond that date.
They acknowledged the project is "laden with risk" and faced a "huge distance" between possible futures. "There is no clear template for a What Works project which, if followed, offers a good chance of success," the documents said.
But the Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE), which is partnering Nesta in getting the What Works Centre up and running, downplayed any doubts.
In the wake of Wood's appointment in July, the What Works Centre announced that it was working with 21 'wave one' local authorities to begin prototyping tools and services (see boxes) with a view to making these more widely available from 2019.
With the centre, which is hosting a session about its work at Community Care Live later today, also set to publish its first research findings soon, we checked in with representatives and local authority partners to see where things are at.
Talking to managers even from some of the councils involved with the What Works Centre's projects, it's clear that awareness among frontline practitioners of how the organisation's work may benefit their practice remains uneven. We asked two of the centre's representatives to provide some clarification on this point.
"The purpose of the What Works Centre is to make evidence available in a format that's useful for frontline practitioners and managers, so they can use it in direct work or in planning services," explains Louise Bazalgette, the centre's principal research advisor, who is employed by Nesta.
She is working closely with researchers at Cardiff University around planning what kinds of evidence the centre will be producing, and how it will work on it with – and communicate it to – the sector. One key project is to create an 'evidence store', summarising learning from systematic reviews in an accessible format to provide knowledge on tap for practitioners.
In Wigan, the council is undertaking a project for the What Works Centre designing a self-evaluation tool for local authorities, and exploring via workshops and interviews how it could be used. It is the only council working on this task.
A session with practitioners, at which What Works Centre staff were present, yielded a "very interesting discussion", according to Myers, which highlighted how enthusiasm behind new practice models can easily be lost as time goes by.
"The impetus can wear out when it comes to evaluating learning, feeding that back into practice and make sure things have had an impact – and because we're investing heavily in Signs of Safety I don't want that to happen," Myers goes on.
The council has until the end of the year to develop the tool, after which it can be tested out and, hopefully shared with and refined by others down the line.
Bazalgette's colleague Anna Bacchoo, one of the What Works Centre's practice development managers, employed by SCIE, has a more hands-on role. Bacchoo came into her position via the centre's practitioners' panel, after more than a dozen years as a children's social worker at Brighton and Hove council, She says she's enjoying being part of a three-person team that is getting out to the wave-one councils to work on their projects.
When we speak, she has just come from an hour spent with frontline teams at Walsall council, asking social workers about how they practice in an evidence-informed way and how the What Works Centre could come up with ways to improve that.
Progress reports from two of the centre's four priority research areas – on safely reducing the need for children to enter care, and supervision and decision-making – are due within weeks, as is an 'insight report' collating feedback around systemic issues within the sector.
Work with the wave-one authorities, meanwhile, which is split into generating research themes and co-designing practice tools, is expected to begin bearing fruit early in 2019.
The wave-one councils have only recently begun work on their various projects, but managers and principal social workers we speak to say they are enthused by the diversity – both in terms of geography and Ofsted standing – of authorities involved at this early stage.
Like other partner authorities, Buckinghamshire has received a nominal sum of £5,000 for working with the centre – in its case, on developing training masterclasses around using evidence and research, a project that Bristol and Calderdale councils are also working on.
Walsall is one of a group of providers – including Greenwich and the tri-borough local authorities in London, Oxfordshire and Leeds councils, and Doncaster children's trust – working to develop diagnostic tools to assess an organisation's use of evidence.
"For us, it's been an ideal opportunity because when the applications [were invited] we were about to embark on a transformation plan [meaning] whole-system change within children's services," says Isabel Vanderheeren, Walsall's children's services transformation lead.
"We're really lucky to be one of two councils looking at the whole organisation – how we use evidence to make decisions strategically, but also operationally," she adds.
While things are at an early stage, Vanderheeren says she envisions the tool as enabling the ability "to understand what steps we have to go through, and what the most important parts of those steps are".
But Hancock says the work – which at her council will focus on team managers and assistant team managers – dovetails with a development programme already in place, and will form an integral part of Buckinghamshire's path towards practice improvement.
All three councils though say they are looking forward to working together to produce a prototype package, which can then be rolled over to a second wave of councils to further refine.


Our company is the country's oldest and largest provider of criminal court appearance (bail) bonding. We are, in addition, ranked by the Surety Association of America as being one of America's top ten surety insurance underwriters.
We have been serving Colorado for many years and now we realize that CO HB 1382, if passed, would threaten our future as a private sector member of your state's insurance companies community.
The reason for this is that under that bill, persons dedicated to the elimination of our industry would literally be "in charge" of determining whether or not our bail bond products would be allowed to be used.
The pretrial services professionals have for years, through their National Association of Pretrial Services organization, attempted to enforce their standard number four which states: "There should be no compensated surety." Meaning, of course, that they want to eliminate the private sector because they see it as their "competition".
Now, under this troublesome bill, they seek to have paid to themselves the very insurance premium that would normally go to their private sector service "competitor".
The real problem with this, for Colorado's citizens, is that history has proven that the government cannot perform as well in the bail business as private enterprise does.
Numerous very credible studies (we will be more than happy to provide these if your staff requests them) demonstrate that: (1) we do a much better job of getting persons to court and (2) far fewer persons out on our bonds recidivate.
Public safety interests alone, not to mention significant prospective economic loss, dictates that CO HB 1382 should not pass.
We stand ready to prove the validity of each proposition stated herein, should you need or want us to.
Please defeat CO HB 1382.


The study analyzed 892 fish stocks from around the world using models, developed by Cheung and his team at UBC, that show climate change is driving marine species toward the poles. They found that 70 or more countries will see new fish stocks in their waters by 2100 if greenhouse gas emissions continue on their current trajectory.
The study cited a dispute between Canada and the United States in the 1980s and 1990s after warming regional temperatures caused Pacific salmon to change their migration patterns. U.S. fisheries intercepted Canadian-bound salmon and Canadian fisheries retaliated by targeting salmon migrating to spawn in the U.S. After six years of disagreement, a new joint management agreement was implemented.
The study also cited international fisheries disputes including the "mackerel war" between Iceland and the European Union in 2007.
The study suggests that governments should implement solutions to avoid conflicts such as allowing the trade of fishing permits or quotas across international boundaries.
The researchers say the alternative to such negotiations is grim, including overfishing that reduces food supply, profit, and employment, as well as fractured international relations.
The findings were published today in the journal Science. The international team included researchers from UBC, Rutgers University, Utrecht University, Cardiff University, Stockholm University, and James Cook University.
The Nereus Program, a collaboration between the Nippon Foundation and the Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries at the University of British Columbia, has engaged in innovative, interdisciplinary ocean research since its inception in 2011. The program is currently a global partnership of 17 leading marine science institutes with the aim of undertaking research that advances our comprehensive understandings of the global ocean systems across the natural and social sciences, from oceanography and marine ecology to fisheries economics and impacts on coastal communities. Visit nereusprogram.org for more information.


Leaked audio recording of Bradley Manning describing his response to the July 12, 2007 Baghdad Apache airstrike video that documented the killing of two Reuters journalists.
www.democracynow.org – A leaked audio recording has emerged of the statement Army whistleblower Bradley Manning delivered at his pre-trial hearing in military court late last month. Manning acknowledged he gave hundreds of thousands of classified documents to WikiLeaks, saying he wanted to show the American public the "true costs of war" and "spark a domestic debate on the role of the military and our foreign policy in general as it related to Iraq and Afghanistan." This is the first time Manning's voice has been heard publicly since he was arrested nearly three years ago. We air excerpts of his remarks, hearing Manning describe in his own voice the moment he decided to release the documents, and the outrage he felt at the "Collateral Murder" video of an Apache helicopter attack in Iraq.
He's seen by many as one of the world's most renowned whistleblowers, but an enemy of the state by the US government. Now soldier Bradley Manning can be heard in his own voice explaining why he sent hundreds of thousands of classified documents to Wikileaks in 2010. In a new leaked audio recording from his court martial, Manning accuses the American army of not valuing human life, and says he wanted to provoke a debate about US foreign policy.
This entry was posted in All Posts News Politics and-or Videos, Dandelion Salad Videos, Justice or Injustice, Politics and tagged 1917 Espionage Act, Collateral Murder, Daniel Ellsberg, Ellsberg-Daniel, Meet the new boss the same as the old boss, Michael Ratner, Pentagon Papers, Ratner-Michael, Whistleblowing. Bookmark the permalink.
Excellent and thank you for permitting Amy Goodman to request support of her absolutely EXCELLENT DemocracyNOW program. Thank you for all of these videos and the excellence of Dandelion Salad information for the entire world. Bless Bradley Manning. I hope soon Bradley will be set free for the good he has done for truth and knowledge.


text:
Q: squid proxy server health check itself How can we do health check a squid server itself?
I couldn't find an endpoint such as /ping? to make sure squid server is running correctly.
or
What we can do is just check the process by ps command ? or systemctl status ?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
"If at first you don't succeed, you are running about average."
Roger Federer: The power and presence of the $120 million man
3 weeks ago albini52
He was devastated and in disbelief. Roger Federer had just shattered his dreams in the 2009 Wimbledon final. But in the midst of his torment, sitting distraught in the locker room, Andy Roddick was struck by Federer's act of kindness in the aftermath of victory.Ten years later, the Swiss legend is still going strong and second favorite to clinch a record-extending ninth title at the All England Club when the tournament begins next week.View image on Twitter
The 37-year-old Federer may well be the best men's player of all time with a record 20 grand slam victories (and 10 runner-up spots), but his aura and popularity add up to far more than the sum of his titles.Perhaps it has to do with his longevity and elegant playing style. But according to Roddick, that moment behind closed doors, shortly after going down 16-14 in the fifth set of an epic final, speaks volumes for the man himself."It's not like separate locker rooms or anything else, so I walked in and I was pretty devastated," Roddick told CNN Sport. "I was in disbelief and shock and a lot of emotions, and his team comes in."They should have been celebrating. Absolutely. I saw him out of the corner of my eye, he kind of gave them one of these 'Be quiet' (signs) and point to me and they walked out and went about their business in another part of the All England Club."I thought that was considerate. I thought it was probably unnecessary given that's a whole life of work. But it was kind of a microcosm of maybe the way he thinks a little bit."
'Great attitude'
Despite making three finals, Roddick never did win that Wimbledon title to add to his 2003 US Open crown, but the American — whose serve was as quick as his wit — kept in touch with Federer after quitting tennis at the US Open in 2012.Federer attended a fundraiser for Roddick's foundation in Austin, Texas last September — sandwiched between the US Open and Laver Cup — and the way the American remembers it, showed little pretention.This from one of the world's most recognizable names who has pocketed more than $120 million in prize money and landed plenty more in endorsements, not to mention having nearly 13 million followers on Twitter and even more likes on Facebook."I mean I don't know how he has enough hours in the day, but he did," said Roddick. "Landed, great attitude. He's very insightful. On the car ride to our events that we were doing, most people would say, 'Hey, what time am I leaving? I need to have a plane.'"He goes, 'What can I do to help the most today? Are there any messages that we need to get across? Is there anything I can ask of your donors?' He just has that kind of a way of asking great questions and really making the most of time that he gives."
'Most superstars are a little bit weird'
Despite his advancing years, in tennis terms, it would surprise no one if Federer added to his grand slam tally before he retires. But his legend will tell of an artist who had all the shots while simultaneously making things look simple much of the time, something the more workmanlike Roddick noted."I don't think he's naive enough to say, 'Oh, I'm just another guy playing tennis,'" said Roddick. "He doesn't think that and he shouldn't, because he's not. But I think he understands the power that he has and I think he is inherently a really, really true, honest, good person."But my biggest source of jealously is watching him practice, and it's free and it's easy. It doesn't seem like there's a lot of stress the day before a slam. He's still saying hello to everyone in between points and he's able to kind of operate with this ease and calmness."
Respected coach and ESPN television analyst Darren Cahill said if tickets were sold to Federer's practice sessions "you could fund the ATP Challenger Tour for 20 years," referring to the second-tier of tennis' professional ladder.Cahill coached Lleyton Hewitt when the feisty baseliner and Federer were climbing the ranks together. He was also good friends with the coach who shaped Federer and his game, Peter Carter, before his fellow Australian died in a car accident while holidaying in South Africa in 2002.He echoed Roddick's sentiments about Federer's demeanor."He's one of the most normal people I know, and most superstars are always a little bit weird," Cahill . "You've gotta be a little bit weird to be so self-driven and to go after your dreams and to put so much aside to be able to chase those, but he's got a way of doing that and being that driven but also being pretty bloody normal."I think that's why so many people react to him in the way they do and can connect with him and I think that's a big part of his personality."
Federer contested his first Wimbledon match against Jiri Novak in 1999, losing in five sets to the Czech. He is the lone entrant in the field from back then still playing now.All these years later Federer continues to flourish, having collected his 10th title at the Wimbledon tuneup of Halle — and 102nd overall — last Sunday. Seven more titles and he will match Jimmy Connors' men's record.Next year's Olympics in Tokyo are likely to a big target, since the lone silverware missing from his trophy cabinet — which must be the size of a mansion — is an Olympic gold in singles.Federer has said that when he does eventually retire, he doesn't want it to be a sad moment. Roddick — who abruptly announced his own retirement — hopes his buddy gets an extended send off."I almost feel like the tennis world and the sporting world and just the world kind of deserves to say goodbye to him in each one of these spots," he said."You can't tell someone how to go about it, but I'm sure a lot of people would appreciate the chance to say goodbye to him."
albini52
Previous Billie Jean King keen to talk to President Trump about equality
Next Naomi Osaka, an icon of the new Japan
Naomi Osaka, an icon of the new Japan
Billie Jean King keen to talk to President Trump about equality
Cori 'Coco' Gauff, a 15-year-old Florida native, is the youngest player to qualify for Wimbledon
US beats France to reach Women's World Cup semifinals


Another cute moon print! A sweet addition to a little ones room, nothing beats telling stories of the moon and stars at bedtime.
Comes unframed and is printed on 250gsm FSC Eco paper with vegetable inks for a long lasting print.


Rod Jonathan R Lwyr (Lawyers) is practicing law in New York, New York. This lawyer is listed on Lawyer Map under the main category All Law Firms in Lawyers.
Rod Jonathan R Lwyr is listed under Lawyers in New York, New York .
There's currently no information available about fees or if Rod Jonathan R Lwyr offers free initial consultation.
The information below about Rod Jonathan R Lwyr is optional and only visible if provided by the owner. Call (212) 530-5304 to learn more.
Contact Rod Jonathan R Lwyr to find out about hours of operation / office hours / business hours.
Listed business hours are general only. Call (212) 530-5304 to learn about office hours.


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South Korea requires Google, Netflix to provide stable online services this year
South Korea passed a legal revision holding online content service providers accountable if they fail to maintain stable services amid growing complaints against streaming giants Netflix and Google after their services experienced outages...
February 04, 2022, 15:09 IST
S Korea requires Google, Netflix to provide stable online services this year (Representative image, source: iStock)
Seoul: South Korea's ICT Ministry on Thursday said it has required tech giants Google, Meta Platforms and Netflix, as well as local rivals Naver and Kakao, to comply with the country's revised law requiring them to provide stable services.
In 2020, South Korea passed a legal revision holding online content service providers accountable if they fail to maintain stable services amid growing complaints against streaming giants Netflix and Google after their services experienced outages.
The revised law, informally dubbed the "Netflix law" in the country, applies to online service companies that account for 1 per cent or more of the country's average daily data traffic in the last three months of the previous year and that have more than 1 million daily users.
Local streaming platform Wavve has been excluded from the regulation this year as its average traffic fell short of 1 million daily users.
The ministry said it has notified the five companies and will finalise the designation within this month after consultations with the companies.
The ministry said global tech giants made up a significant portion of the country's daily data traffic in the final three months of 2021, with Google accounting for a whopping 27.1 per cent, followed by Netflix at 7.2 per cent and Meta at 3.5 per cent.
Among local companies, top portal operator Naver held the top spot at 2.1 per cent, followed by rival Kakao at 1.2 per cent, reports Yonhap news agency.
The five companies accounted for a total of 41.1 per cent of the country's average daily traffic over the period.
Huge wipeout: Meta erases $251 billion in value
The sheer size of Facebook's collapse illustrates just how tech companies have ballooned in size to become behemoths with unprecedented market power, and the drama that can ensue when they stumble...
Netflix law


text:
Car Electronics > Audio In-Dash Units
Hyundai Stock Radio Cd Player Stereo! Model - H265kus, Great Condition!! on 2040-parts.com
Cleveland, Tennessee, US
HYUNDAI STOCK RADIO STEREO CD PLAYER!!
Model # - H265KUS
Part # - 96170-26303SF
It was removed from a 2004 Hyundai Santa Fe.
It is the buyer's responsibility to know if this will fit in their car or not. Please check the make/models it is compatible with.
This is for the RADIO ONLY! What you see in the picture is all that is included, only the radio.
It has a CD Player & radio.
It was in working condition when rem0ved from my car so it does work.
It was only removed because I got a custom stereo.
It's clean, just a little dusty from sitting.
Will ship with a tracking number included.
*Item will ship immediately after cleared payment.
*Payment must be made within 24 hours of ending auction.
Audio In-Dash Units for Sale
2009 dodge grand caravan radio cd mp3 aux(US $49.00)
2009 toyota corolla radio-cd,mp3,sat(US $39.00)
2007 nissan versa radio cd(US $49.00)
2008 mercedes c300 display scereen info(US $99.00)
Saab am fm cassette cd player oem 5038138 2001 9-5(US $45.00)
Great oem 2008 (2005-2011 toyota tacoma auto cd am/fm 86120-04111 tuner stereo(US $48.00)
Jaguar C-X16 concept car (2011): the E-type reborn as the F-type
This is Jaguar's new C-X16 concept car - and something very like what you see here will go on sale in late 2012 as a £55,000 sports car. So the Jaguar C-X16 is the long-awaited E-type reborn? Sort of.
Lamborghini Veneno Roadster (2013) first official pictures
By Ollie Kew First Official Pictures 18 October 2013 11:00 If you missed out on the original limited edition run of three Lamborghini Venenos, you're in luck. Lamborghini has announced a roofless Roadster version as part of the brand's continued 50th anniversary celebrations – and plans to build up to nine examples, depending on demand. However, at €3.3m (£2.8m) – plus local taxes – the Veneno Roadster is ten times more expensive than the Aventador Roadster on which it's based.
Enterprise will rent you a Harley-Davidson
If you're in the unenviable position of having to rent a vehicle while traveling, and Hertz's Penske GT Mustangs or dream cars aren't quite your style (or within your budget), you're now able to free yourself from caged drudgery and rent a motorcycle from Enterprise. If you're headed to Las Vegas, at least. Enterprise isn't the first company that will rent you a two-wheeler (Eaglerider, for example, has locations across the globe) but does seem to be the first major auto rental business to diversify into motorcycles.


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Q: Convert values of column to new column I have this dataframe and I want to convert the values of the first column to another column. This is the data.frame :
    scheme          value
1   TS:VAT  FR46351273019
2 TS:REGNO 35124658210293

I tried to use dcast from the library reshape2 but the result was not satisfying :
> reshape2::dcast(lTS$Identifiers,value ~ scheme)
           value       TS:REGNO        TS:VAT
1 35124658210293 35124658210293          <NA>
2  FR46351273019           <NA> FR46351273019

I need the end result to look like this :
           TS:VAT       TS:REGNO
1   FR46351273019 35124658210293

Can you please help me ?

A: How about
lTS$Identifiers %>%
    group_by(scheme) %>%
    spread(scheme, value)


text:
Q: Docker build on Bluemix Containers can't find Dockerfile I'm trying to build a docker image remotely with Bluemix using the following command:
cf ic build -t dude -f docker/production/Dockerfile .

However I consistently receive the error:
Sending build context to Docker daemon 32.57 MB
Error response from daemon: Build aborted with error: "filename 'Dockerfile' not found"

Moving the Dockerfile to the root of the project initially looks like it is hanging but then does seem to succeed.
Per the documentation the docker build command is supported and thus I'd expect the -f option to also work.  Maybe this is not the case?
Any ideas or others who have managed to get this to work?  Here is the Docker version information:
# docker version
Client:
  Version:      1.9.1
  API version:  1.21
  Go version:   go1.4.3
  Git commit:   a34a1d5
  Built:        Fri Nov 20 17:56:04 UTC 2015
  OS/Arch:      darwin/amd64

Server:
  Version:      3.0
  API version:  1.20
  Go version:
  Git commit:
  Built:        2016-02-10T16:22:49
  OS/Arch:      Bluemix Containers/

A: Reading the documentation at
https://console.ng.bluemix.net/docs/containers/container_cli_reference_cfic.html#container_cli_reference_cfic__build
I suppose that the -f option isn't supported yet by the cf ic CLI of IBM Bluemix Containers.
Anyway you have the opportunity of using docker native commands on Bluemix, as described here
https://console.ng.bluemix.net/docs/containers/container_cli_ov.html#container_cli_ov

Whenever possible, run docker commands as for example docker run
  During login, copy and paste the environment variables that are provided in the terminal.
  DOCKER_HOST sets the Docker host to IBM Containers.
  DOCKER_CERT_PATH sets the location of the authentication keys for the IBM Containers plug in for Cloud Foundry.
  DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY uses TLS and verifies the remote server.
  Then, you can use the Docker CLI directly for the current session to run supported Docker commands. Some exceptions require the use of cf ic commands to perform tasks specific to IBM Containers, such as setting a namespace.

According to that, after login through cf ic login, you could switch your local runtime docker engine to Bluemix registry (and back) setting the values of
DOCKER_HOST
(and DOCKER_CERT_PATH/DOCKER_TLS_VERIFY, but these values won't change)
to the values suggested by the output of cf ic login (and to the original values to switch back to your local environment)

A: In the IBM Containers documentation, a list of all the supported and unsupported Docker options for cf ic commands is being worked on. This is an ongoing effort to compile, so there are still some options that are not included here yet.
https://console.ng.bluemix.net/docs/containers/container_cli_reference_native-docker.html#container_cli_reference_native-docker