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Forward Solutions
Home & Contact
~ Your Guide ~
Ingrid E. Kulick
Ingrid Kulick has provided knowledge and guidance to the nonprofit community for 35 years through roles as management, volunteer and consultant. She served as founding Executive Director of the Kingston Hospital Foundation, Kingston, NY and Saint Francis Health Care Foundation, Poughkeepsie, NY. She was Vice President for Facilities at the Kingston Hospital and Grants Director of Marist College, Poughkeepsie, NY.
In 2002, Ingrid established Forward Solutions, dedicating herself to building organizational capacity. She works with human service, historic / tourism, health care, art/cultural, animal welfare, agricultural and educational organizations throughout a five-county region. Her work has been funded by the ASPCA, the Dyson Foundation, NYSCA, Upstate History Alliance, NYS Office of Parks, Recreation, and Historic Preservation, Dutchess County Arts Council , the Thomas Nyquist Foundation and the O'Connor Foundation. Her scope of services includes Board recruitment and development, strategic and business planning, capital campaigns, resource development assessment and planning, and executive recruitment. Ingrid facilitates workshops for clients, membership organizations, and Chamber of Commerce leadership institutes.
Ingrid also brings great understanding to the trustee and volunteer functions. She currently serves as Director of the Reach Out Food Pantry, Hyde Park, NY; as President of Home of Hope, Inc., Rhinebeck, NY; on the Dutchess County SPCA Advisory Council; and on the Operation Support Grant Review Board of the Regional Food Bank of Northeastern New York, Latham, NY. She previously served on the Association of Fund Raising Professionals Mid-Hudson Valley Chapter (AFP-MHV) Board; as President of the Board of Keli House, Inc., Fishkill, NY; as President of the Board of the Rural Ulster Preservation Company, Kingston, NY and as the Chair of the Endowment Committee for the Frost Valley YMCA, Montclair, NJ.
269 Milan Hollow Road
p: 845.389.1358. f: 845.876.4228
e: ikulick@forwardsolutions.org
Dedicated to Building Organizational Capacity


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Can technology help teach literacy in poor communities?
Project to provide children with tablets loaded with literacy apps reports encouraging results in Africa, U.S.
Larry Hardesty | MIT News Office
Caption: "The whole premise of our project is to harness the best science and innovation to bring education to the world's most underresourced children," Cynthia Breazeal says. Pictured are students in Ethiopia.
Credits: Courtesy of CuriousLearning.org
Caption: "When we do these deployments, we purposely don't tell the kids how to use the tablets or instruct them about any of the content," Breazeal says. "Our argument is, if you're going to be able to scale this to reach 100 million kids, you can't bring people in to coach kids what to do." Pictured are students in Uganda.
"The whole premise of our project is to harness the best science and innovation to bring education to the world's most underresourced children," Cynthia Breazeal says. Pictured are students in Ethiopia.
Courtesy of CuriousLearning.org
"When we do these deployments, we purposely don't tell the kids how to use the tablets or instruct them about any of the content," Breazeal says. "Our argument is, if you're going to be able to scale this to reach 100 million kids, you can't bring people in to coach kids what to do." Pictured are students in Uganda.
For the past four years, researchers at MIT, Tufts University, and Georgia State University have been conducting a study to determine whether tablet computers loaded with literacy applications could improve the reading preparedness of young children living in economically disadvantaged communities.
At the Association for Computing Machinery's Learning at Scale conference this week, they presented the results of the first three deployments of their system. In all three cases, study participants' performance on standardized tests of reading preparedness indicated that the tablet use was effective.
The trials examined a range of educational environments. One was set in a pair of rural Ethiopian villages with no schools and no written culture; one was set in a suburban South African school with a student-to-teacher ratio of 60 to 1; and one was set in a rural U.S. school with predominantly low-income students.
In the African deployments, students who used the tablets fared much better on the tests than those who didn't, and in the U.S. deployment, the students' scores improved dramatically after four months of using the tablets. "The whole premise of our project is to harness the best science and innovation to bring education to the world's most underresourced children," says Cynthia Breazeal, an associate professor of media arts and sciences at MIT and first author on the new paper. "There's a lot of innovation happening if you happen to be reasonably affluent — meaning you have regular access to an Internet-connected computer or mobile device, so you can get online and access Khan Academy. There's a lot of innovation happening if you're around eight years old and can type and move a mouse around. But there's relatively little innovation happening with the early-childhood-learning age group, and there's a ton of science saying that that's where you get tremendous bang for your buck. You've got to intervene as early as possible."
Breazeal is joined on the paper by Maryanne Wolf and Stephanie Gottwald, who are, respectively, the director and assistant director of the Center for Reading and Language Research at Tufts; Tinsley Galyean, a research affiliate at the MIT Media Lab and executive director of Curious Learning, a nonprofit organization the researchers created to develop and deploy their system; and Robin Morris, a professor of psychology at Georgia State University.
The concentration on early literacy reflects Wolf's theory, popularized in her book "Proust and the Squid," that the capacity to read, unlike the capacity to process spoken language, is not hard-coded into our genes. Consequently, early training is essential to establishing the neurological machinery on which the very capacity for literacy depends.
The researchers' system consists of an inexpensive tablet computer using Google's Android operating system. Wolf and Gottwald combed through the literacy and early-childhood apps available for Android devices to identify several hundred that met their quality criteria and addressed a broad enough range of skills to lay a foundation for early reading education. The researchers also developed their own interface for the tablets, which grants users access only to approved educational apps. Across the three deployments, the tablets were issued to children ranging in age from 4 to 11.
"When we do these deployments, we purposely don't tell the kids how to use the tablets or instruct them about any of the content,dz Breazeal says. DzOur argument is, if you're going to be able to scale this to reach 100 million kids, you can't bring people in to coach kids what to do. You just make the tablets available, and they need to figure everything out from then on out. And what we find is, the kids do it. When we first did Ethiopia, we had all these protocols and subprotocols. What if it's a week and they haven't turned them on? What if it's three weeks and they haven't turned them on? Within minutes, the kids turn them on. By the end of the day, they've literally explored every app on the tablet."
The Ethiopian trial, which the researchers conducted in collaboration with the One Laptop per Child program, involved children aged 4 to 11 who had no prior exposure to spoken English or any written language. After a year using the tablets, children were tested on their understanding of roughly 20 spoken English words, taken at random from apps loaded on the tablets. More than half of the students knew at least half the words, and all the students knew at least four.
When presented with strings of Roman letters in a random order, 90 percent could identify at least 10 of them, and all the children could supply the sounds corresponding to at least two of them. Perhaps most important, 35 percent of the children could recognize at least one English word by sight. These figures roughly accord with those of children entering kindergarten in the U.S.
In the South African trial, rising second graders who had been issued tablets the year before were able to sound out four times as many words as those who hadn't, and in the U.S. trial, which involved only 4-year-olds and lasted only four months, half-day preschool students were able to supply the sounds corresponding to nearly six times as many letters as they had been before the trial.
Since the trials reported in the new paper, Curious Learning has launched new trials in Uganda, Bangladesh, India, and the U.S. In all, 2,000 children have had the opportunity to use the tablets.
Currently, the team is concentrating on analyzing data collected from the trials. Which apps do the children spend most time with? Which apps' use correlates best with literacy outcomes? Curious Learning is also looking for partners to help launch larger pilot programs, with 5,000 to 10,000 children.
"There's a core scientific question, which is understanding what the nature of this child-driven, curiosity-driven learning looks like," Breazeal says. "We need to understand how they learn, which is a fundamentally social process, where they explore the tablet together, they discover things through that exploration, and then they talk-talk-talk-talk, and they share those ideas. So it's a profoundly social, peer-to-peer-based learning process. We have to have create a technology and an experience that supports that process."
The "One Laptop Per Child" project, originated in the Media Lab, was the subject of a study that revealed the importance of having a laptop in the home for "access to information, educational games, and tools for self-expression." In an op-ed for Mashable, Sandra Nogry calls on educators to encourage the use of technology for learning in developing countries.
Full story via Mashable →
Paper: "Mobile Devices for Early Literacy Intervention and Research with Global Reach"
Cynthia Breazeal
Curious Learning
Education, teaching, academics
Teaching programming to preschoolers
In the World: Cultivating creativity
When the playroom is the computer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A war can be won without being waged. Victory can be attained when an adversary knows it is vulnerable to an instantaneous and undetectable, overwhelming and devastating attack without the ability to defend itself or retaliate.
There is only one country that has the military and scientific capacity and has openly proclaimed its intention to achieve that ability. That nation is what its current head of state defined last December as the world's sole military superpower.  One which aspires to remain the only state in history to wield full spectrum military dominance on land, in the air, on the seas and in space.
To maintain and extend military bases and troops, aircraft carrier battle groups, jet fighters and strategic bombers on and to most every latitude and longitude. To do so with a post-World War II record war budget of $708 billion for next year.
Having gained that status in large part through being the first country to develop and use nuclear weapons, it is now in a position to strengthen its global supremacy by superseding the nuclear option.
The U.S. led three major wars in less than four years against Yugoslavia, Afghanistan and Iraq from 1999-2003 and in all three cases deployed from tens to hundreds of thousands of "boots on the ground" after air strikes and missile attacks. The Pentagon established military bases in all three war zones and, although depleted uranium contamination and cluster bombs are still spread across all three lands, American troops have not had to contend with an irradiated landscape. Launching a nuclear attack when a conventional one serves the same purpose would be superfluous and too costly in a variety of ways.
On April 8 American and Russian presidents Barack Obama and Dmitry Medvedev signed a new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START) agreement in the Czech capital of Prague to reduce their respective nation's nuclear arsenals and delivery systems (subject to ratification by the U.S. Senate and the Russian Duma). Earlier in the same week the U.S. released its new Nuclear Posture Review (NPR) which for the first time appeared to abandon the first use of nuclear arms.
The dark nuclear cloud that has hung over humanity's head for the past 65 years appears to be dissipating.
However, the U.S. retains 1,550 deployed nuclear warheads and 2,200 (by some counts 3,500) more in storage and a triad of land, air and submarine delivery vehicles.
More ominously, though, Washington is forging ahead with a replacement for the nuclear sword and shield – for blackmail and for deterrence – with a non-nuclear model that could upset the previous "balance of terror" arrangement that has been a criminal nightmare for six decades, but for sixty years without a massive missile war.
The new sword, or spear, entails plans for conventional first strike weapon systems employing the same triad of land, air and sea components – with space added – and the shield is a worldwide network of interceptor missile deployments, also in all four areas. The Pentagon intends to be able to strike first and with impunity.
The non-nuclear arsenal used for disabling and destroying the air defenses and strategic, potentially all major, military forces of other nations will consist of intercontinental ballistic missiles, adapted submarine-launched ballistic missiles, hypersonic cruise missiles and bombers, and super stealthy strategic bombers able to avoid detection by radar and thus evade ground- and air-based defenses.
Any short-range, medium-range and intermediate-range missiles remaining in the targeted country will in theory be destroyed after launching by kinetic, "hit-to-kill" interceptor missiles. Should the missiles so neutralized contain nuclear warheads, the fallout will occur over the country that launches them or over an adjoining body of water or other nation of the U.S.'s choosing.
The Quadrennial Defense Review Report of February spoke of similar plans.
The U.S. is also intensifying space and cyber warfare programs with the potential to completely shut down other nations' military surveillance and command, control, communications, computer and intelligence systems, rendering them defenseless on any but the most basic tactical level.
The program under which Washington is developing its conventional weapons capacity to supplement its previous nuclear strategy is called Prompt Global Strike (PGS), alternately referred to as Conventional Prompt Global Strike (CPGS).
In fact the successor to START I says nothing about American interceptor missile or first strike conventional attack policies, and as such says everything about them. That is, the new treaty will not limit or affect them in any manner.
The following day Britain's Independent ran a story the following quotes from which should disabuse anyone hoping that Washington's "post-nuclear world" will be any safer a one.
"Once they are launched, there could be difficulty in distinguishing their conventional payloads from nuclear ones. That in turn could accidentally trigger a nuclear retaliation by Russia or another similarly-armed power.
U.S. officials have discussed the prospect of launching such missiles at a lower altitude than nuclear ICBMs would travel, but it would take an almost limitless degree of trust – or gullibility – on behalf of Russian or Chinese military officials to depend upon the assurance that ICBMs heading toward or near their territory were in fact not carrying nuclear weapons at whatever distance from the earth's surface they were flying.
"In the Pacific, a nuclear-powered Ohio class submarine surfaces, ready for the president's command to launch. When the order comes, the sub shoots a 65-ton Trident II ballistic missile into the sky. Within 2 minutes, the missile is traveling at more than 20,000 ft. per second. Up and over the oceans and out of the atmosphere it soars for thousands of miles.
"At the top of its parabola, hanging in space, the Trident's four warheads separate and begin their screaming descent down toward the planet.
"Traveling as fast as 13,000 mph, the warheads are filled with scored tungsten rods with twice the strength of steel.
Specifically in reference to PGS, he detailed that "The Prompt Global Strike concept envisages a concentrated strike using several thousand precision conventional weapons in 2-4 hours that would completely destroy the critical infrastructures of the target country and thus force it to capitulate.
"The Prompt Global Strike concept is meant to sustain the US monopoly in the military sphere and to widen the gap between it and the rest of the world. Combined with the deployment of missile defense supposed to keep the US immune to retaliatory strikes from Russia and China, the Prompt Global Strike initiative is going to turn Washington into a modern era global dictator.
← Is Russia Selling Out Iran?


Russ Chaplin's Driving Instructor Blog: Do You Teach Intelligent Use of Driving Signals?
It occurs to me that 'use of signals' would be a valid and full subject for a check test. I might also adapt your last sentence to say 'sound teaching of the use of signals is evidence of a competent and thinking trainer.' I'm not going to say 'instructor' because that smacks of military drills. I agree totally about the need to inform pedestrians. Also there is nowadays a need to minimise the use of signals, so that the important ones stand out. Could go on at length .... happy to communicate with your student directly if desired.


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Thank you for a positive feedback !


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Meet and greet ariana grande 2013 body
Ariana Grande - Dangerous Woman Tour - Concerts - Pure Charts
29 oct. Ariana Grande - Dangerous Woman Tour. By Marceau., October 29 MEET & GREET EXPERIENCE PACKAGE (limité à 30). - EARLY ENTRY. "Oh, Dad – I might be able to meet Ariana Grande today! . Some type of re-do, or perhaps a meet n greet with some other, more fan-friendly, celebrity. I met her in June at one of her brothers musicals in Allentown, PA. and even though you couldn't take picture (she had a body guard with her. ARIANA Grande has suspended her world tour after the deadly terror career — her debut Yours Truly was released in and made No.
She was surrounded by 8 to 10 assistants. Ariana stood by, with a blank stare, as the rules came fast and furiously from a staffer: Give them to security and they will get them to her. You can take a selfie with her, but nothing else. The 16 year old boy had recorded a CD of beautiful violin cover versions of Ariana songs. It won the contest for him, and he wanted to present it to her. It was taken away by security. Ariana Grande, the superstar, then walked toward her three contest-winning fans.
She spent perhaps 15 seconds with each of them. That is not an exaggeration. They took an approved photo with her and that was it. Ariana gave that grin for each picture, but then it was gone again.
She never bothered to even ask anyone their name. No peace sign from Ari this time. Then Jen took out one of the drawings that won the contest for her. Kelly snapped a photo of her smiling little sister giving Ariana the drawing. The MTV reps on scene seemed startled, but at a loss for what to do. They were seated three rows from the back of the top balcony, possibly closer to the sun than the stage.
I had told them to expect that, though. The fact that one of the winners was somehow awarded better seats than the others, seated among industry insiders, and given wristbands for he and his guest for free food and drink during the show is a mystery that was not specified as a prize, and was likely just another MTV oversight — along with letting all the contest winners out of the car that brought them to the show in a Sizzler parking lot several blocks from the Forum.
They were told to hoof it to that same lot after the show, in their new outfits and shoes. Do you think that MTV might have offered to place the winners up close in the pit in front of the stage with hundreds of radio contest winners?
You know, to make up for the terrible meeting experience? Polite texts were sent to several MTV reps, and tweets to both Ariana and her mother, desperately asking for something to be done. Some type of re-do, or perhaps a meet n greet with some other, more fan-friendly, celebrity. It is understood that this was a meet n greet. Jen and Kelly have encountered many celebrities, just passing on the street, that have spent more time with them than Ariana did with her contest winners.
Every one of them kind and engaging. She asked Jen questions about herself and chatted about a variety of things.
Ariana Grande - Wikipedia
Jen tried to move along to give time to other fans, but Jennette actually called her back to talk more about her artwork. Same with Miranda Cosgrove — a complete sweetheart.
What meeting Ariana Grande is REALLY like 😙🐰 Meet and Greet 2017!
InJen and Kel received an opportunity to meet a superstar even more famous than Ariana Grande. They met Britney Spears.
Ariana Grande Meet and Greet Vip Tickets Dangerous Woman
Ariana Grande's world tour suspended
Wanna know how that went? Then Britney invited my wife and me to come in as well. We all took a bunch of pictures, from any angle, while Britney chatted with the girls, looked through pics of their memorabilia, happily personally accepted a gift bag they had brought for her, answered any questions they had, gave them each a signed copy of her CD which was released that dayand personally made sure that Jen and Kel could watch the live taping of TRL in the studio, even though they were both too young according to MTV policy.
Neither Britney, or any member of her staff, ever asked to see any of the pictures we took. That is a true superstar who loves her fans. We did not expect Ms. Grande to be as gracious as Britney, but 15 seconds and a silent walk-off? We expected that Ryan would be there for an hour, maybe two, and that would be fine.
They wanted to stay longer but I insisted that they had done more than enough and I was actually embarrassed at their kindness. We met the entire cast after the show.
They were all amazing and friendly. Ryan Ochoa and his family have become our friends now. We see them whenever they are in Vegas, and sometimes when we are in L.
Grande to become friends with any of the contest winners, or to spend eight hours with them, or give them any type of tickets for anything. Some might say she was having a bad day. But what about the day after, and the day after that?
The fans were all still in Hollywood, awaiting the VMAs. All involved knew that very well. Could Ariana have met them again?
List of Ariana Grande live performances
Could she have just sent them a personal tweet, or had a letter driven to the hotel? Could she have sent out a general tweet about meeting some huge fans? None of that has happened. The contest winners have been completely ignored. Nobody expected Ariana Grande to spend a whole hour with them, or give them her phone number, or even follow them on Twitter. Mockingjay — Part 1. As it is, Grande is so busy piling on the spectacle she neglects to highlight the one thing — those deceptively powerful pipes — setting her apart from her contemporaries.
Dangerous Woman Grande began recording songs for her third studio album, originally titled Moonlight, in She is the first person in the history of the Hot to have the lead single from each of her first three albums debut in the top Sonia Saraiya wrote in Variety that Grande was the show's "MVP, acting as both reliably overlook-able sidekick and, once the situation required it, showstopping diva. Her agile soprano was strong and unconcealed in every song.
Sweetener and Thank U, Next Grande performing during the MTV Video Music Awards Grande began working on songs for her fourth studio album with Pharrell Williams inbut "the events in Manchester gave a hard reset to the project's expectations".
The North American leg is expected to run through June. It was quickly certified platinum in the United States, [] and the song's music video broke records for most-watched music video on YouTube within 24 hours of release [] and fastest Vevo video to reach million views on YouTube. It shows behind the scenes and concert footage from Grande's Dangerous Woman Tourincluding moments from the One Love Manchester concert, and follows her professional life during the tour and the making of Sweetener.
The series debuted on November 29, She is literally my favorite human being on the planet. And of course Whitney [Houston] as well. As far as vocal influences go, Whitney and Mariah pretty much cover it.
Arie and Brandy as influences or inspirations. She has praised Imogen Heap 's "intricate" song structure and cited Judy Garland as being a childhood influence, admiring Garland's ability to tell "a story when she sings".
Grande is subverting it with cute, comfortable, and on-trend dresses with a feminine slant. Horowitz of Billboard wrote in"With her sophomore album, the "Problem" singer no longer resembles [Carey] — and that's okay. A magnetic performer with unrivalled vocal control".
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What Do You Recommend for Luteal Defects?
Though progesterone cream is available over the counter, we don't think it's a good idea to take it unless it's prescribed to you by your healthcare provider. Some women have great results with it, others not so much. If you're using progesterone cream, your body is not making the progesterone itself, which can be problematic when trying to get pregnant.
Short luteal phases often respond well to an increase of healthy fats (fish oil, organic grass-fed meat, free range eggs, hemp seed oil, avocado oil, etc). Adding these regularly to your diet may foster a healthier luteal phase.
Acupuncture has also been shown to be effective at helping correct fertility issues. Herbalism too, but always make sure to go with a professional if it's anything over and above changing your diet.
We are so glad that your cycle has improved and continues to do so. We wish you the best of luck in your journey to conceive. Continue charting and if you come up with more questions, ask away!


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The 1996–97 Alabama–Huntsville Chargers ice hockey team represented the University of Alabama in Huntsville in the 1996–97 NCAA Division II men's hockey season.  The team was coached by Doug Ross, who was in his 15th season as head coach, and played their home games at the Von Braun Civic Center.

The Chargers entered the season as the defending Division II National Champions, having defeated Bemidji State in the national championship series.  UAH finished the regular season with 20 wins and 6 losses, including wins over Division I teams Air Force and Mankato State.  At the end of the season, UAH played in the Division II National Championship in a rematch with Bemidji State.  The Chargers lost the two games in Bemidji, Minnesota, by scores of 2–3 and 2–4.

Roster

|}

Schedule and results
 Green background indicates win.
 Red background indicates loss.
 Yellow background indicates tie.

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| Exhibition

|-
!colspan=12 style=""| Regular Season

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!colspan=12 style=""| NCAA Division II Championship Series

Player stats

Skaters

Goaltenders

References

Alabama–Huntsville Chargers men's ice hockey seasons
Alabama Huntsville

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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WHAT'S LEFT OF US
A Memoir of Addiction
by Richard Farrell
Grim, unpleasant memoir of a junkie in a depressed New England city.
Filmmaker and journalist Farrell (co-author: A Criminal and an Irishmen: The Inside Story of the Mob-IRA Connection, 2006) writes unsparingly of the lowest point in his life, a week of state-imposed rehab as a result of a failed attempt to overdose on his drug of choice, heroin. In an afterword, the author notes that he wrote this book in response to James Frey's A Million Little Pieces ("it is a damn shame Frey had the balls to lie about something that important to all of us in recovery"). In contrast to Frey's exaggerated self-portrait as a tough guy who could finally stare down a shot of booze, Farrell says that his vastly less glamorous story is more faithful to the truth about recovery—and it's not pretty. Acknowledging the unreliability of memory and admitting to some legally and ethically necessary name and fact changes, Farrell describes his method as trying to recover truth as though it were happening in front of him. The story is told in present tense—Lowell, Mass., in the late '80s. Born with a form of cerebral palsy, he was brutally molded into a high-school football star by his Notre Dame–crazy father, but a knee injury, he says, got him addicted to painkillers and then heroin. Farrell paints a decidedly unflattering self-portrait. He was a liar, thief, bum, arsonist and a rebel whose only cause was staying high. He was also the mostly absent father of two small children, an estranged husband and a mooching son of a devoted mother. His time in rehab was like a low-rent One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest, shared with similar outcasts and misfits under the watchful eyes of untrusting wards. Though the book is powerfully, even entertainingly, written, reading it is about as pleasurable as a week in rehab must be—which may be Farrell's point. But the author doesn't fully address how he was able to elevate himself enough to write this memoir.
Not for everyone—probably best savored by addiction counselors and people in recovery.
Pub Date: July 1st, 2009
Publisher: Citadel/Kensington
Review Posted Online: May 20th, 2010
Kirkus Reviews Issue: June 1st, 2009
More Biography & Memoir >
More Nonfiction >
CHANCERS
by Susan Stellin
BEYOND ADDICTION
by Jeffrey Foote


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Q: Streaming files from a remote server to a asp.net mvc client I am trying to stream secure content located on server A via a secure application located on server B to a web client in an mvc application.
Basically, it looks like I have to authenticate with server A in my app and stream chunks of the file from server to server to client to prevent the overhead of downloading a temp copy in full prior to downloading. (I do not want to write the file to server B's disk)
In this case the content is comprised of video file being viewed in an html5 video element and the files are coming from a cdn.
Does anyone know of any shortcuts to get me started?
Thanks

A: Figured it out. I was able to use query string authorization while creating the video url to the remote server, so no need for a file proxy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The lady who married the pirate ghost has announced they have split up
funny shit 10/12/2018
The Irish Jack Sparrow impersonator who made headlines after eloping with a 300 year old pirate ghost, has made headlines again after she's announced her and the pirate have split.
The couple were legally married by a shaman priest of the coast of Ireland, in international waters.
But now, in a post on social media, she has revealed their marriage is over.
I will explain all in due course but for now all I want to say is be VERY careful when dabbling in spirituality, it's not something to mess with...
The woman had even spent €6,000 changing her name and look during the time she was a impersonator, being as die hard of a fan as you can imagie.
She hasn't touched on much and why they've split, but we hope she's all good!


Good morning from Tucson Arena on a gorgeous day in Southern Arizona ahead of what is to be a very special evening as the club prepares to retire Craig Cunningham's #14 during a pregame ceremony tonight when they host the Iowa Wild at 7:05 PM.
The club held a morning skate and took the ice just before 10:00 AM. Lawson Crouse, who was assigned to the Roadrunners Wednesday from the Arizona Coyotes, was on the ice with the team for the first time and will likely be in the lineup tonight. Crouse will wear #67.
Fans at tonight's game will receive a Craig Cunningham bobblehead courtesy of Carondelet St. Mary's Hospital while supplies last.
Cunningham's #14 will be retired in a banner raising ceremony that is scheduled to start at 7:02 PM.
The Roadrunners, who begin a six-game home stand tonight, are coming off a four-game road trip that saw them post a 3-0-1-0 record. The team has not lost a game in regulation since its home opener on October 7, a 7-6 loss at the hands of the San Diego Gulls.
The Iowa Wild, who are scheduled for an 11:00 AM morning skate, come into the night having lost two consecutive games and three of their past four. Tonight marks the first-ever meeting between the two clubs.
We're excited to be back home. Obviously road trips are fun, you build some chemistry with the guys and stuff, but you know there's nothing like playing at home, so we're excited to be here. Just going and getting five out of 6 points on the road is huge, those were two real good teams we played, including the defending champs too. Those were huge points that we picked up, and hopefully we can continue it.
It's more aggressive and we're playing to our strengths; our speed, our skill, and our hard work. We just try to frustrate teams and play relentless, and it's been working so far.
We're going to try and build a home identity. We want it to be a tough place [for other teams] to come in and play. Obviously we haven't been able to be here at home a whole lot, so it'll be nice to be here for a bit, live at our places, and be at a familiar rink for a while.
More to come from a beautiful game day in Tucson, Arizona.


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Makeup by Mario, Charlotte Tilbury, About-Face | Allure
by admin | Jan 24, 2023 | Beauty | 0 comments
For those of us who lived through the early '90s, the phrase "lip liner" can have negative connotations. At the time, it seemed the only — or at least most prevalent — use of lip pencils was for outlining lips in a highly contrasting way. No matching your lipstick (if you were even wearing any), no blending — just, "Hi, I'm wearing lip liner." So when that trend ceased to be trendy, it felt like lip pencils might fall out of favor, too.
Luckily, in the years since, lip liners have proven they can do so much more than just obviously line lips. In addition to creating a more defined border in a matching or contrasting shade, they can make lips appear fuller through overlining, serve as a matte base for lipstick that amplifies or adjusts its color while helping hold onto it like a primer, or add to an ombré effect — a softer update to the obviously-outlined look. Truly, lip pencils have more than redeemed themselves.
"I am a huge fan of lip liner. It's one of the unsung heroes of the beauty world," says Robin Black, the makeup artist behind Beauty is Boring. "Whether I want to fill in and completely change a lip shape or just add a bit of color on for a subtle look, I reach for lip liner."
Below, you'll find makeup-artist must-have lip pencils, editor favorites, new heroes, and indispensable classics that belong in your lip wardrobe.
All products featured on Allure are independently selected by our editors. However, when you buy something through our retail links, we may earn an affiliate commission.


LG's update to its flagship phone keeps the design mostly the same while making strides where it really counts: under the hood. This year's phone is slim, powerful, and loud thanks to its metal-and-glass design, Snapdragon 845 processor and AI Camera, and massively loud speaker. Here are our first impressions of the LG G7 ThinQ.
LG hopes the G7 ThinQ will appeal to would-be iPhone and Galaxy buyers who are perhaps looking for something a little different. It borrows the best features from LG's own G6 and V30 in order to create a more well-rounded phone that still looks and feels good to use.
If you care to know, "ThinQ" is pronounced "thin-queue" (yes, two syllables), not "think" as one might have hoped. It's a terrible brand name that LG is applying to all is AI-capable devices, which includes TVs, microwaves, and refrigerators. The "LG G7 ThinQ" is a clumsy name at best, so from here on out we'll refer to the phone as simply the G7.
The G7 has the tall and narrow shape of the G6 with the rounded, thin profile of the V30. It's an attractive piece of hardware, if not terribly unique. The smooth metal frame wraps around the middle and it is sandwiched between two sculpted pieces of Gorilla Glass 5. The G6 was a bit thicker along the sidewalls and the V30 was wider from side-to-side. The G7 falls nicely in the middle. I can't say it stands out visually, thanks to the huge number of metal-and-glass phones in the market these days. It is conservative and refrained. Even so, there's nothing to dislike, perhaps other than the fragile nature of glass.
The experience of holding and using the G7 is much the same as any other phone made of these materials. I found its size and shape to be comfortable. It's 7.9mm thick, which is very slim. The phone's polished exterior makes it a bit slippery, and the profile ensures that it glides into pockets and other places effortlessly. The quality is not in question and the assembly is as fine as any other phone in this class.
The phone's face is all glass and nearly all display. LG worked hard to put as many pixels as possible on the front of the phone. The screen measures 6.1 inches across the diagonal, and that includes the notched area. LG extended the aspect ratio from 18:9 on the G6 and V30 to something a bit taller on the G7. The extra height accommodates the pixels needed to form the info bar on either side of the notch. The resolution measures 3,120 by 1,440 pixels. The chin is 50% smaller than that of the G6. Lemme tell ya, the G7 is as close to all-screen as it gets. There are no buttons, no controls, no fingerprint readers on the face. It's solid screen.
About that screen. LG claims it is using its a Super Bright Display LCD, which pumps out 1000 nits of brightness. The Super Bright Display tech relies on the standard RGB pixels for color, but adds white pixels for added luminescence. The phone then uses its sensors and the processor to intelligently change brightness on the fly to match the surrounding light. LG says the huge brightness factor makes the G7 great to use outdoors, but I disagree. The pre-production units we evaluated were difficult to use outside under cloudy skies. In fact, with the brightness dialed all the way up the G7's screen didn't hold a nit to the Pixel 2 XL or iPhone X. Hopefully this is an issue with the pre-production devices we saw and not the final products. Other than the brightness, the LCD is amazingly rich and sharp. It supports HDR+ playback for the ultimate cinema-like experience on your phone.
You can "erase" the notch if it bothers you with some software tricks, but it's not perfect. Because the screen is an LCD (v. OLED), the ears never fully disappear when in the hidden mode. LCD's can't produce 100% black. It's neat that you can customize the notch ear backgrounds separate from the wallpaper, and even control the rounding of the virtual screen corners.
LG has changed up its strategy with respect to the G7's buttons. First, and most importantly, the G7 adds a screen lock button to the right side of the phone. Both the G6 and V30 require users to press the fingerprint sensor on the back to wake their phones. This is sometimes awkward. Moving the screen unlock function to a dedicated button on the right edge makes me happy. LG says it made this change based on user feedback. It's a good change. The button is located high on the right edge, but it has a nice profile and works perfectly.
The left side of the phone holds the individual volume buttons as well as a dedicated button for the Google Assistant. Physically, these keys all work perfectly. Some will surely groan about the Google Assistant key. Samsung made a similar move with its latest Galaxy devices, which have a hardware button for calling up its own Bixby user assistant. At least LG is going with Google Assistant and not its own software. The good news is that LG has developed some custom commands, such as "Take a low-light photo" and such. That's helpful. Even so, LG says the button cannot be disabled and cannot be remapped to do something else — at least not for the time being.
Along with the dedicated button, LG says it has improved far-field voice recognition for the Google Assistant. It is using the G7's two mics and noise cancellation in order to boost its ability to hear the "Hey Google" hotword for waking the Google Assistant. LG says the G7 performs 35% better than other phones at sussing out commands from as far away as 6.6 feet even in really loud environments. This isn't something we were able to assess in the event space.
The G7's bottom edge is pretty typical for a modern smartphone. The USB-C port is in the middle and it is flanked by a series of holes for the speakerphone and the 3.5mm headphone jack. I'm glad LG is sticking with the headphone jack. This sets it apart from devices from Apple and Huawei. Moreover, the jack has its own quad-DAC for super high-quality sound via wired headphones (or when plugged into stereo equipment).
LG is calling the speaker a Boombox, which it claims is 39% louder than any other phone. It is taking advantage of the sealed interior to create a resonance chamber to help amplify sound. The result is an incredibly loud speaker that delivers a huge amount of sound. The phone easily fills a small room with rich music. The music is amazingly well balanced. We sampled R&B, rock, pop, and jazz and it all sounded good. The G7 is a phone for audiophiles.
On the phone's top surface you'll find the SIM / memory card tray. It requires a tool.
LG didn't do much to dress up the rear panel of the phone. It's a large piece of glass with slight curves near the outer edges. I dig how smooth it is. LG did change up the camera and button configuration a bit. On the G6 and V30, the dual camera arrays are arranged horizontally side-by-side. On the G7, the dual camera mobile is arranged vertically. The camera module has a minimal profile, which I appreciate. The fingerprint reader is right where I like it to be. The reader is now just a reader; it is no longer also a button as it on the G6 and V30. LG said the reader does not support advanced features such as scrolling.
Other specs worth calling out: The phone has a 3,000mAh battery, which seems a bit small to me considering the competition. Thankfully it supports rapid charging, and rapid wireless charging. I'm glad to report that the phone ships with Bluetooth 5.0, dual-band WiFi, Cat 18 LTE, and NFC for mobile payments. Those are all pretty much table stakes for a flagship device these days. The phone is IP68 rated for protection against accidental baths. It can handle up to 30 minutes in 1.5 meters of water. This all-glass phone is not rugged, not at all. Drop it and it will probably crack.
The lock screen supports custom shortcuts and notifications, and the home screen comes either with or without an app drawer — you can choose. LG's toolset offers knock on and knock code for waking the display, adjustable grid sizes for the home screen panels, and configurable action buttons at the bottom of the screen. These are all old hat.
Like the V30, the G7 offers an optional floating information bar. This feature lets you quickly access and control certain feature of the phone, such as the media player and messaging apps, from a floating dock on the home screen panels. I am not a fan of such tools, but it is there for people who do appreciate the option.
The camera offers the most significant update as far as software is concerned. On the hardware front, LG has changed things up just a little bit. The phone features two 16-megapixel cameras on the back: a standard-view lens (71 degrees) at f/1.6 and a wide-angle lens (107 degrees) at f/1.9. LG says it reduced the angle of the wide lens from 120 degrees to eliminate optical distortion. This means you'll be able to fit a bit less into the frame when compared to the G6 and V30. *sniff* The front camera has an 8-megapixel sensor at f/1.9.
LG is taking advantage of machine learning and the Snapdragon 845's image signal processor to help the G7 recognize 18 different scenes, such as flowers, pets, the beach, and more. This AI Cam then adjusts the parameters to capture the best shot based on the scene. We tested it with some flowers, fruit, and other objects and found it generally picked the right scene. It's not perfect, and it's not very quick, but it does adjust eventually.
As other modern phones do, the G7 supports portrait shooting. When using the rear camera the G7 will automatically adjust to portrait mode when it senses you are photographing a person. The phone puts both the rear-mounted cameras to work in order to create blurred effects. The samples we took on-site looked good. The front camera offers portrait shooting, too, but relies on software to create the effect.
LG says it has made strikes in low light camera performance. The G7 uses pixel binning, which combines four pixels into superpixels in order to quadruple light sensitivity. The Bright Mode will turn on automatically when it senses the lighting is at 2 Lux or less, and will recommend that you turn Bright Mode on when it senses light is between 3 and 10 Lux. LG says it captures far brighter photos in the dark than the Samsung Galaxy S8 (yes, last year's S8). The samples we saw looked decent.
The G7 can capture video up to 4K (Ultra HD), but capturing in HDR+ is limited to 1080p (full HD). The fact that the G7 can capture and playback HDR+ content — which is much more contrast-y and rich than normal video — is awesome. Sadly, the G7 doesn't offer neat tricks like super slow-motion.
The G7 is set to go on sale soon. LG didn't announce pricing and carrier availability, but it's safe to assume that AT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, and Verizon Wireless will be quick to let us know the details.
At first blush, it's easy to say the G7 is LG's best-ever effort. Even so, it's not all that different from the G6 or V30. LG took the most appealing features of those devices and merged them into a single, powerful phone. As long as the pricing is good, the G7 should be a worthy competitor to Apple and Samsung's best.
LG recently rolled out two new entries in its G7 range. The G7 Fit and G7 One have the same basic appearance as the flagship G7, but aren't quite the same when it comes to the in-hand experience.
T-Mobile today revealed launch plans for the LG G7 ThinQ. Pre-sales for the phone begin Friday, May 25, with general retail availability starting June 1.
LG today announced the G7 ThinQ, its 2018 flagship phone, at an event in New York. The phone merges features of last year's G6 and V30 to create a more powerful phone that's easier to use.
LG today announced the G7 One and G7 Fit, phones that share the basic design of the G7 ThinQ but dial back the specs in order to make them less expensive. Shared features between the two include 6.1-inch quad HD+ LCD displays (3,120 by 1,440 pixels), 3,000mAh batteries with QuickCharge 3.0, LTE 4G, WiFi, NFC, and USB-C connectors.


text:
The apostolic blessing or papal blessing is a blessing imparted by the pope, either directly or by delegation through others. Bishops are empowered to grant it three times a year and any priest can do so for the dying.

The apostolic blessing is not to be confused with an episcopal blessing, also known as a pontifical blessing, which bishops can impart at any time by their own authority.

Personal imparting

A particularly solemn form of imparting the apostolic blessing is as an Urbi et Orbi blessing, .

The pope gives his blessing in many ways. He may use, with or without the introductory liturgical greeting, Dominus vobiscum, the formula of pontifical blessing that any other bishop may use. This was the formula used by Pope Paul VI (without Dominus vobiscum) when he gave his blessing at his first appearance on the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica following his election at the 1963 conclave, and by Pope Benedict XVI (with "Dominus vobiscum") after announcing on 11 February 2013 his intention to resign the papacy, and (without "Dominus vobiscum") at his farewell audience for the cardinals. At a general audience, when the blessing immediately follows the singing of the Pater Noster, it is naturally given without "Dominus vobiscum".

Delegated imparting

Within his own diocese, a bishop may impart the apostolic blessing three times a year on solemn feasts. The same holds, within their territories, for non-bishop prelates (such as an apostolic prefect) recognized by canon law as juridically equivalent to diocesan bishops. In exceptional circumstances, they can impart it also on other occasions. The blessing is imparted in place of the normal blessing at the end of Mass, using a particular formula.

A plenary indulgence is granted to those who devoutly receive the papal blessing when imparted by the pope himself in the Urbi et Orbi form or by their own bishop in accordance with this authorization. It is granted also to those who are unable to be present at the rite itself and who instead follow it piously by radio, television, or the internet.

Apostolic Nuncios also are delegated to impart the papal blessing in written form.

The Church's ritual book on the Pastoral Care of the Sick uses the term "Apostolic Pardon" for what elsewhere, for instance in the Enchiridion Indulgentiarum, is called the "Apostolic Blessing with attached plenary indulgence". Priests are urged to impart it to the dying, but if a priest cannot be had, the Church grants a plenary indulgence, to be acquired at the moment of death, to any rightly disposed Christian who in life was accustomed to say some prayers, with the Church itself supplying the four conditions normally required for gaining a plenary indulgence (recent Sacramental Confession, reception of Holy Communion, prayers for the pope's intentions, and detachment from all sin).

Notes

References

Catholic liturgy


A grand opening of "The Beatles Bench" sculptural composition took place on Koktobe the highest top of Almaty in May the 15th 2007. This is the first Sculpture in the world with all the members of Fab Four full length.
Kazakhstan is a big country, everything is here: steppes, mountains, yurts, skyscrapers,camels,girls on "Hummers" and even purely marine monuments like lighthouses on the Caspian Sea.
Main area attractions are Big Almatinka – the Prokhodnaya river, waterfalls Ayusay, Big Almaty Lake and resort Alma-Arasan with the hydrogen-sulphidous-carbonate- siliceous and sodium terms with temperature from 9 to 38 degrees.
Now, a great number of precious and semi-precious stones are mined all over the world, but even at our place few of us know that the rarest and even one-of-a-kind stones are hidden in the interior of Kazakhstan.
Sherkala means for Mangishlak the same as the Eiffel Tower for Paris or the Statue of Liberty for New York. It is a Symbol and a Landmark.
The mausoleum of the two most celebrated Kazakh lovers – Kozy Korpesh and Bayan Sulu at the river Ayaguz – is the vivid example of our "typical" cult monument.
Anyone in the world would agree that the most unique place on the planet associated with space exploration is located in Kazakhstan. It is Baikonur, there was made the first in the history of Mankind launch of manned spacecraft into space.
The route to many alpine peaks, crowning the Almaty scenery, goes through the Small Almaty gorge, nearest to the city, known far beyond the borders of Kazakhstan for its high-altitude skating rink "Medeo".


Champions Celebrated Day After Winning Boston MarathonWBZ-TV's Paul Burton reports.
Champions Honored Day After Winning 2019 Boston MarathonWorknesh Degefa, Daniel Romanchuk, Manuela Schar, and Lawrence Cherono discuss their Boston Marathon wins.
Boston Pauses To Mark Sixth Anniversary Of Marathon BombingsBoston paused to mark the sixth anniversary of the Boston Marathon bombings as One Boston Day falls on Marathon Monday for the first time. WBZ-TV's Gary Brode reports.
Marine Veteran Crawls Across Boston Marathon Finish LineMicah Herndon's determination was clear as the runner crossed the Boston Marathon finish line on his hands and knees. WBZ-TV's Tiffany Chan reports.
Dave McGillivray Completes Boston Marathon Months After Triple Bypass SurgeryRace director Dave McGillivray completed the trek from Hopkinton to Boston for the 47th time.
Spectators Share Reasons For Running Boston MarathonIn Cleveland Circle, fans offered support for runners and shared what inspired them. WBZ-TV's Anaridis Rodriguez reports.
Behind The Runners: Family And Friends Show Their SupportFriends, parents, fiances, and babies all served as inspiration for Boston Marathon runners. WBZ-TV's Louisa Moller reports.
Spectators Give Boston Marathon Runners Final Push In Kenmore SquareBeacon Street over the Mass Pike heading into Kenmore Square is a popular spectator spot to watch and wait. WBZ-TV's Mike LaCrosse reports.
Crowd Helps Propel Marathon Runners On Heartbreak HillWhile runners train for the Boston Marathon hills all year, having the crowd support on the big day makes all the difference. WBZ-TV's Breana Pitts reports.
Six Years After Boston Marathon Bombings, City Shows Resiliency On 'One Boston Day'WBZ-TV's Gary Brode reports.
How Does Your Body React To Running 26.2 Miles?WBZ-TV's Dr. Mallika Marshall explains that runners could lose as much as 10 pounds during the race.
B.A.A Medical Coordinator On Weather Impacts During Race DayB.A.A. Medical Coordinator Chris Troyanos spoke with WBZ-TV's Dr. Mallika Marshall.
Eric Fisher Among Boston Marathon FinishersWBZ-TV's Steve Burton catches up with chief meteorologist Eric Fisher.
Katie Brace Finishes Boston MarathonWBZ-TV's Katie Brace talks to her colleague Steve Burton after finishing the Boston Marathon.
'I Ran With Him In My Heart': Bryan Lyons Of Completes Boston Marathon Without Partner Rick HoytWBZ-TV's Steve Burton talks to Uta Pippig and Bryan Lyons.
Boston Pauses To Honor Sixth Anniversary Of Boston Marathon BombingsFor the first time, One Boston Day fell on Marathon Monday.
Husband And Wife From Louisville Finish Boston Marathon TogetherWBZ's David Wade talked to a couple from Kentucky who ran and finished their first Boston Marathon together.
Meet The Boston Marathon's 'Unicorn Runner'WBZ's David Wade found the Boston Marathon's "unicorn runner" at the finish line.
Jordan Hasay Finishes Third In Boston MarathonWBZ-TV's Steve Burton spoke to the top American woman finisher after the race Monday.
Man Crawls Across Boston Marathon Finish LineThis man's determination was clear as he crawled across the finish line.
NASCAR Champion Jimmie Johnson Completes Boston Marathon RunWBZ-TV's David Wade talks to Jimmie Johnson after the NASCAR driver crossed the Boston Marathon finish line.
Joan Benoit Samuelson And Daughter Abby Finish Boston MarathonWBZ's Steve Burton talked to the two-time champion and her daughter on the 40th anniversary of her first title.
Boston Marathon Race Director Dave McGillivray On Course Conditions And His Second ChanceWBZ-TV's Lisa Hughes talks to Boston Marathon race director Dave McGillivray, who will run the course after having a serious heart condition.
Double Amputee Marko Cheseto Completes Boston Marathon: 'I Still Have My Inner Power'For double amputee Marko Cheseto the crowd made all the difference. The para-athlete spoke with WBZ-TV's Steve Burton.
Joan Benoit Samuelson Finishes Boston Marathon On 40th Anniversary Of WinJoan Benoit Samuelson ran the 2019 Boston Marathon in 3 hours and 4 minutes on the 40th anniversary of her historic 1979 win.
Lawrence Cherono 'So Happy, So Grateful' After Boston Marathon Photo FinishWBZ-TV's David Wade talks to Boston Marathon men's winner Lawrence Cherono.
Worknesh Degefa Reacts To Winning Boston Marathon By Wide MarginBoston Marathon women's winner Worknesh Degefa talks to WBZ-TV's Steve Burton.


Parental obesity is a predominant risk factor for childhood obesity. Family factors including socio-economic status (SES) play a role in determining parent weight. It is essential to unpick how shared family factors impact on child weight. This study aims to investigate the association between measured parent weight status, familial socio-economic factors and the risk of childhood obesity at age 9.
Cross sectional analysis of the first wave (2008) of the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study. GUI is a nationally representative study of 9-year-old children (N = 8,568). Schools were selected from the national total (response rate 82%) and age eligible children (response rate 57%) were invited to participate. Children and their parents had height and weight measurements taken using standard methods. Data were reweighted to account for the sampling design. Childhood overweight and obesity prevalence were calculated using International Obesity Taskforce definitions. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association between parent weight status, indicators of SES and child weight. Overall, 25% of children were either overweight (19.3%) or obese (6.6%). Parental obesity was a significant predictor of child obesity. Of children with normal weight parents, 14.4% were overweight or obese whereas 46.2% of children with obese parents were overweight or obese. Maternal education and household class were more consistently associated with a child being in a higher body mass index category than household income. Adjusted regression indicated that female gender, one parent family type, lower maternal education, lower household class and a heavier parent weight status significantly increased the odds of childhood obesity.
Parental weight appears to be the most influential factor driving the childhood obesity epidemic in Ireland and is an independent predictor of child obesity across SES groups. Due to the high prevalence of obesity in parents and children, population based interventions are required.
Copyright: © Keane et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Funding: The Growing Up in Ireland study is funded by the Government of Ireland through the Department of Children and Youth Affairs in association with the Department of Social Protection and the Central Statistics Office. This present research is funded by the National Children's Research Centre, Crumlin, Dublin (http://www.nationalchildrensresearchcentre.ie/project/view/35). The funders of this present research had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
The rising prevalence of childhood obesity is a major public health concern worldwide. Currently, one in four Irish children are either overweight or obese . Parental obesity is well established as an important risk factor for childhood obesity –. Having an overweight parent doubles ,  the risk of child obesity while obesity amongst both parents further increases the risk , , .
The relationship between parent and child weight is complex as it is a consequence of both shared genetic and environmental factors –. Socio-economic status (SES) is an important determinant of the shared family environment. Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between SES and obesity . SES can influence lifestyle choices and behaviours, area of residence and food affordability, all of which are factors that have been shown to be associated with obesity –.
The inverse association between SES and obesity in adults is well established . However, evidence of a relationship between childhood obesity and SES remains equivocal , –. Variation in the types and definition of SES indicators used in studies may partly explain this. A review by Shrewsbury and Wardle  suggested that the association between child weight and SES is dependent on the type of SES indicator assessed. Parental education appeared to be most consistently associated with childhood obesity . However, evidence of an association between household class and household income with child obesity remained less consistent .
As the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity continues to increase, it is essential to unpick how shared family factors impact on child weight. Understanding the underlying pathways to childhood obesity will help in the development of effective policies and interventions against child obesity. This present research utilizes nationally representative data containing detailed information on three key indicators of SES as well as objective measures of parental weight status and this provides a unique opportunity to determine the effect of different family factors on childhood obesity. In this present paper we (1) estimate the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity by measured parental weight status and a range of SES indicators and (2) investigate the association between parental weight status, familial socio-economic characteristics and the risk of childhood obesity at age 9.
Written informed consent was obtained from a parent/guardian and the study child prior to data collection commencing. Ethical approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee (REC) of the Health Research Board based in Dublin, Ireland.
The study sample comprised of 8,568 nine-year old children who participated in the first wave (2007–8) of the Growing Up in Ireland (GUI) study . GUI is a nationally representative cohort of 9 year old children residing in the Republic of Ireland. The sample was collected using a two-stage sampling method within the national school system. Eligible children were those who were born between the 1st November 1997 and the 31st October 1998. In the first stage, 1,105 primary schools from the national total of 3,200 were randomly selected using a probability proportionate to size (PPS) sampling method. In the second stage, a random sample of eligible children were selected from within each school. At the school level, a response rate of 82% was achieved, while at the household level (i.e. eligible child selected within the school) 57% of children and their parents participated in the study. The data was probability weighted prior to analysis to account for the complex sampling design. This involved the structural adjustment of the study sample to the population level whilst maintaining the case base of 8,568 children , .
Trained social interviewers conducted computer assisted personal interviews with the study child and both parents/guardians (where applicable) within the home. Parents nominated a primary caregiver (the parent who spent most time with the study child) who was the primary respondent. Mothers were the primary caregiver for 98% of the study children. Responses to sensitive questions were self-reported on a paper questionnaire.
Anthropometric measurements were obtained during the household interview using validated methods . The interviewers were responsible for height and weight measurements of each study child and each adult respondent. Height was recorded to the nearest millimetre using a Leicester portable height stick. Weight was recorded using a SECA 761 flat mechanic scales to the nearest 0.5 kilogram. Study children and their parents were asked to wear light clothing for the weight measurement. Children were classified as normal weight, overweight (a body mass index [BMI] of 19.46 for boys and 19.45 for girls) or obese (a BMI of 23.39 for boys and 23.46 for girls) using age and gender specific International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) cut off points . Measured parent BMI was classified according to the World Health Organization classifications as normal weight (<25 kg/m2), overweight (≥25 and <30 kg/m2) or obese (≥30 kg/m2) .
Parent reported variables were study child's gender (male/female), family type (one parent/two parents), study child has siblings (yes/no), mother's current age and SES indicators. Mother's current age was categorized into four groups (<30, 30–39, 40–49, 50+). SES was assessed using three different indicators: household class, household income and mother's highest level of education . Mother's highest level of education (as opposed to father's highest level of education) was chosen as they tended to be the primary caregiver. The mother's education variable was coded as follows: lower secondary education or less, higher secondary education, post-secondary education and third level education. Household class was measured using the Irish Central Statistics (CSO) Social Class Schema 1996 produced by aggregating occupations classified using the CSO's Standard Classification of Occupations. For two parent families where both parents were economically active and were in different classes, the higher of the social classes was assigned to the family . Net household income was self-reported. Net income was adjusted for household composition and size.
A separate variable was constructed for mother's measured BMI classification and father's measured BMI classification. Both variables were coded: normal weight, overweight, obese, missing. A combined single index variable for parent weight status was constructed by combining the mother's and father's measured BMI variables and was coded as: single parent/both parents normal weight (normal weight family), one parent overweight (in a two parent family), single parent/both parents overweight (overweight family), one parent obese (in a two parent family), single parent/both parents obese (obese family).
No/low levels (<2%) of missing values were found within most of the covariates. However, where large levels of missing data were observed, methods of representing these values were incorporated into the analysis. Net household income had a high number (N = 626, 7.3%) of missing values. The continuous equivalised net income variable was imputed using the multiple imputation (MI) command in STATA. This variable was then re-coded and presented in quintiles. Measured height and/or weight data was missing for 5.2% of mothers and 6.4% of fathers (where present). Statistical tests suggested that the height and weight data were not missing at random so the data could not be imputed. In order to account for missing data, 'missing data' categories were generated for the mothers measured BMI and fathers measured BMI variables. Measured BMI data was available for 95% of the study children. This gave an effective case base of 8,136 children for analysis.
Analysis was completed in STATA 12 IC (StataCorp LP, USA). Probability weights were applied using survey data commands to account for the complex survey design. Prevalence estimates for normal weight, overweight and obese children were obtained. Unadjusted multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the risk of childhood overweight or obesity compared to normal weight according to parental weight status and familial SES factors. Forward stepwise multinomial logistic regression was conducted to assess the relationship between parent weight status, SES factors and childhood overweight and obesity. Non-significant variables based on the univariate regression (mother's current age) were not included in the forward stepwise regression. Mother's measured BMI and father's measured BMI were not included during adjustment as they were combined to form the single index variable parent weight status. Each of the nested models presented in the results section were adjusted for socio demographic (study child's gender, family type and study child has siblings) variables and SES indicators. Model 1 included the social demographic variables and household class; model 2 further adjusted for maternal education; model 3 was further adjusted for household income. The final model (model 4) was fully adjusted for study child's gender, study child has siblings, household class, highest level of maternal education, household income and parent weight status.
Measured BMI data was available for 8,136 (95%) children. Overall, 74.1% (95% CI, 72.8–75.3) of children were a normal weight, 19.3% (95% CI, 18.2–20.5) were overweight and 6.6% (95% CI, 5.9–7.4) were obese. The prevalence of normal weight, overweight and obese children by parent weight status and by indicators of familial SES is shown in table 1.
Table 1. Prevalence of normal weight, overweight and obese 9 year old children by parental weight and family socio-economic status indicators.
In total, 30% of girls were overweight or obese compared with 22% of boys (p = 0.000). Within each of the SES indicators, there was an inverse relationship between SES and the prevalence of child overweight and obese. Those ranked lower within each of the socio-economic variables (household income p = 0.013, maternal education p = 0.000 & household class p = 0.000) were significantly more likely to be overweight or obese than those ranked at a higher position. A higher prevalence of overweight and obesity was found among children whose mothers were either overweight or obese compared with children whose fathers were overweight or obese (p = 0.000). Overall, 47.2% (95% CI, 45.7%–48.7%) of mothers were normal weight whilst 20.6% (95% CI, 19.4%–21.8%) of fathers were normal weight. Of children from two parent families, only 12% had 2 normal weight parents while 39.2% had at least one obese parent. In total, 11% (95% CI, 8.5%–14.1%) of children with 2 normal weight parents were overweight or obese. This increased to 24.7% (95% CI, 21.8%–28%) when one parent was obese and to 49.2% (95% CI, 43.3%–55.1%) when both parents were obese. Of children from single parent families, 49.2% (95% CI, 45.1%–53.3%) had a normal weight parent and 20% (95% CI, 16.7%–23.9%) had an obese parent. Overall, 18.1% (95% CI, 14.1%–23%) of children from single parent families with a normal weight parent were overweight or obese. This increased to 34.1% (95% CI, 27.7%–41.2%) when the parent was overweight and 41% (95% CI, 32%–50.6%) when the parent was obese.
Table 2 presents the results of the univariate multinomial logistic regression analyses. Univariate regression indicates that female gender, one parent family type, being an only child, lower household class, lower maternal education, lower household income and higher parental BMI (mother's BMI, father's BMI and parent weight status) were all associated with a child being in a higher BMI category. Having an overweight parent (within mother's BMI, father's BMI and the combined single index variable parent weight status) consistently increased the odds of childhood overweight and obesity. Parent weight status was most strongly associated with childhood overweight and obesity. The univariate regression also indicated that a lower household class and lower maternal education were associated with greater odds of childhood obesity than household income.
Table 2. Association between parental weight status, family socio-economic status indicators and the risk of child overweight and obesity.
Results of the forward stepwise multinomial logistic regression are presented table 3. The social demographic variables, female gender (p = 0.000) and one parent family type (p = 0.000) were significantly associated with childhood obesity. One parent family type was no longer significantly associated with childhood obesity when the SES indicators were added to the model (model 3: p = 0.173). When household income was added to model 3, household income was no longer significantly associated with the risk of a child being in a higher BMI category. However, the association between household class and maternal education with child BMI remained unchanged (when comparing model 3 to model 2). In the fully adjusted model (model 4), female gender, one parent family type, lower household class, lower maternal education and having overweight or obese parents significantly increased the risk of child obesity. Within model 4, children whose mothers were educated to less than a graduate level had at least double the odds of childhood obesity compared with those educated to a graduate level. A lower household class remained significantly associated with child obesity. Although not significant, lower levels of education and a lower household class were associated with a higher risk of childhood overweight. Parent weight status was most significantly associated with childhood overweight and obesity. Children with obese parents were at a significantly increased odds of overweight (OR 3.9, 95% CI, 2.8–5.6) when compared to children with normal weight parents. The odds of childhood obesity were 15.3 (95% CI, 8.4–27.7) when the single parent/both parents were obese. The odds of childhood obesity increased by nearly 3 fold when the single parent/both parents were obese compared to the single parent/both parents being overweight.
Table 3. Forward stepwise multinomial logistic regression.
Using nationally representative data this present study aimed to assess the association between measured parent weight status, familial SES factors and the risk of childhood obesity. This research has resulted in two principal findings. Firstly, parent weight status appears to be the most significant independent predictor of childhood obesity in Ireland. Children from families with overweight or obese parents were at a significantly higher risk of obesity than children with normal weight parents. Secondly, household class and maternal education are better predictors of childhood obesity than household income.
Only 18.9% of children were from families (either single parent or two parent families) with normal weight parents. Having normal weight parents appears to have a protective effect against the risk of childhood obesity. Only 14.4% of children from such families were overweight or obese whereas 46.2% of children with obese parents were overweight or obese. After adjustment for household socio-economic characteristics, children from obese parent families remained at greater than 15 (95% CI, 8.44–27.65) times the odds of obesity when compared to children from families with normal weight parents. This suggests that SES alone cannot explain the association between parent obesity and child obesity. SES indicators appear to only capture some shared familial environmental factors which result in weight gain. We suggest that these results highlight that the shared family environment is a multi-dimensional contributor to the obesity epidemic with both genetic and environmental origins.
Within this present study, children who were more deprived were at a higher risk of overweight and obesity, which is similar to results found in adults . Children from one parent families were found to be at significantly higher odds of overweight and obesity than children from two parent families. Some research suggests that one parent families may have greater levels of social deprivation and this may play a role in explaining this . However, our results indicate that parental weight was more predictive overweight and obesity in children from single parent families than SES. There was an inverse association between household class and maternal education with childhood obesity. The association between household class and childhood obesity was more graded. Within the final adjusted model, children from a lower household class were at higher odds of obesity than children with lesser educated mothers. Research indicates that parental education is the SES indicator most consistently associated with childhood obesity , . This may be because maternal education is a more stable indicator of SES over time than household income or household class. Maternal education is likely to influence factors including literacy as well as knowledge of healthy versus unhealthy behaviours which impact on weight status , . As a higher level of education appears protective against child obesity, this suggests that education may be crucial in tackling the obesity epidemic. Overall, variations in odds of obesity by each indicator of SES suggest that household class, household income and maternal education may all influence different behaviours and choices that impact weight gain. Further research is required to fully understand how each SES characteristic predicts behaviours which result in weight gain. In addition, efforts are necessary to standardise SES indicators and definitions used across studies.
In this study SES indicators do not explain all the association between parent and child weight. Therefore, other causal pathways for childhood obesity need to be considered. Research from other studies of childhood obesity indicate that the weight status of parents from 2 parent families may interact , . Mechanisms resulting in a positive energy balance in both parents appear to be more predictive of childhood obesity than such mechanisms in one parent. In this current research having 2 obese parents compared with one obese parent resulted in a 2 fold increase in the odds of childhood obesity.
A study by Wardle et al.  compared food, physical activity and lifestyle patterns in children from lean and obese families. This study found that children from obese families had higher preferences for fatty foods and sedentary activities and a lower preference for fruit and vegetable consumption. Such food and physical activity patterns may have a negative impact on energy balance resulting in weight gain. Such diet and activity patterns may potentially explain the lack of significance for household income in this present study. Parent weight status may be a better predictor of food types purchased rather than income or other measures of household SES. More affluent families with obese parents may have a preference for energy dense food regardless of income available to spend on good quality foods. Grunert at al.  suggest that habitual behaviour is difficult to change even if an individual is aware of the negative consequences of their behaviours. Grunert et al. suggest that obese individuals have a greater response to external cues (sight, smell) for food intake whilst normal weight individuals respond to internal cues (hungry). Children may acquire habitual behaviours and responses to dietary and physical activity patterns from that of their parents. Another possible explanation is that genotypes including the FTO gene which impacts appetite may influence control over food intake and choices resulting in children from obese families having a greater predisposition for obesity –.
Similar to other findings , , maternal obesity was more predictive of a child being in a higher BMI category than paternal obesity. There are a number of possible explanations for this. Mothers were nominated as the primary caregiver (the person who spent most time with the study child) for 98% of children who took part in this study. This indicates that children spend more time in their mother's environment and thus may acquire more behaviour's from their mother. A study by Hannon et al.  found that the eating habits of the family food preparer, 84% of whom were mothers, predicted the eating habits of their child. Birth factors including the role of the intra-uterine environment on subsequent risk of childhood obesity is a second possible explanation , .
GUI is a large and nationally representative sample. The sample equates to approximately one in seven of all births in Ireland in 1997. The results of the study are applicable at a population level as a result of applying the sampling weights. All objective BMI measurements were measured by trained professionals using validated techniques. The study contains information on three indicators of SES (household class, equivalised household income and maternal highest level of education). Imputing the household income variable decreased the amount of missing data.
However, there are several limitations to the study. There was a relatively low response rate at the household level (57%). The data have been weighed to adjust for the sampling strategy and response rate. However, there may be residual response bias. Of the children with measured BMI, there was missing values for BMI for 2% of mothers and 6.9% of fathers. Data was also missing for income for 7.3% of the households. While the missing data imputation procedure has enhanced the study power, it would have been preferable not to have missing data on this key variable. The data analysed in this present research is cross-sectional. Therefore, a causal relationship cannot be inferred though as the children are only 9 years old it is likely that parental and SES factors partly predicted the onset of obesity.
Parent weight status is a significant predictor of childhood obesity. Children from lower household class families and those with lesser educated mothers were at an increased risk of childhood obesity. Early intervention is required to tackle the problem of childhood obesity. It may be suggested to target interventions at families where parents are overweight or obese. However, we must consider that in the current study, this includes the majority (81%) of families. Thus, the findings highlight the need for broadly based population level interventions targeting the social, economic and cultural dimensions of overweight and obesity. Further research is needed to assess how behaviours that affect energy balance vary between families with normal weight parents versus families with obese parents.
Conceived and designed the experiments: RL. Analyzed the data: EK RL. Wrote the paper: EK RL JH PMK IJP.
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From the bestselling author of Eat That Frog!, a motivational guide to using the Psychology of Achievement to banish negative thoughts and behaviors and unlock your full potential for success.
Letting go of negative thoughts is one of the most important steps to living a successful, fulfilling life, but also often the most difficult. In this practical, research-based guide, bestselling authors Brian Tracy and psychotherapist Christina Stein present their "Psychology of Achievement" program to help you identify and overcome detrimental patterns and ideas preventing you from achieving your goals or feeling happy and satisfied in your life.
Whether this negativity stems from a past relationship that ended badly, a childhood trauma, a business or career failure, or general insecurity, Tracy and Stein help you recognize how conscious--and more oftentimes unconscious--negativity affects your personality, your outlook and your decisions. Along the way, they show you how to regain control of your thoughts, feelings, and actions, turn negatives into positives, and learn to accept unexpected life changes without falling back into old negative patterns.
Essential reading for anyone feeling stuck, BELIEVE IT TO ACHIEVE IT offers an important roadmap to conquer negativity and embrace the power of positive thinking to live a happy, successful life.


Pindar in the Classroom - The Go-Giver | Give exceptional value. Enjoy extraordinary results.
In this post John David Mann shares how The Go-Giver is making its way into classrooms with the help of a number of inspiring "Pindars" teaching our future leaders. Enjoy!
Dave's father, Craig, was a brilliant guy, a lifelong innovator for the Du Pont company, a winner in every way (and a Purple Heart from Vietnam to prove it) until he lost a battle with cancer, and the world—and Dave—lost him.
Dave inherited his dad's passion for innovation. He has helped launch new products around the globe, managing innovations for such companies as Dow, GE, Ingersoll Rand, and Pfizer Consumer Healthcare, and taught the essence of what he does at the Saunders School of Business at Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT).
This fall, when Dave stepped into the classroom at RIT to teach his course on Digital Entrepreneurship, he brought a little red book with him.
In 2009 the book was picked up by Randy Stelter, a high school English teacher and athletic director in northwest Indiana (go Hoosiers!). Randy started teaching it to his students, saying it would help give them perspective on "what it's going to take to be successful in the real world." He has taken his school's senior class through the book every year since since.
Tim Peterson, a college dean and professor of management at the University of North Dakota, used it with his advanced leadership students at their annual retreat.
Bill Shuster, a management professor at the University of Colorado, used it in a leadership seminar he team-taught with the university's legendary coach Sunny Lubick.
This fall a whole city adopted The Go-Giver as the inaugural book to study in their new city-wide book club.
And this month we were contacted by the HR director and superintendant of an entire Texas school district, who said they were interested in exploring what role the book might play in their district.
"Okay," we said, "it's time we did something here." The demand for an organized curriculum guide had become strong enough, we figured, that we ought to carve out the time to team up with Randy and produce one ourselves.
So we did. Here it is.
The Teacher's Guide offers a detailed lesson plan that includes vocabulary lists, assigned readings, questions for comprehension and critical thinking, extensive topics for class discussion, and a set of final projects designed to deepen students' understanding of the book and to ground its lessons in their own everyday experience.
The more you give, the more you have.


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