This article is about the meta-ethnicity and ethno-linguistic group Akan. For other topics, see Akan.
The Akan (/əˈkæn/) are a meta-ethnicity predominantly speaking Central Tano languages and residing in the southern regions of the former Gold Coast region in what is today the nation of Ghana. Akans who historically migrated from Ghana also make up a plurality of the populace in the Ivory Coast. The Akan language (also known as Twi/Fante) is a group of dialects within the Central Tano branch of the Potou–Tano subfamily of the Niger–Congo family.
Asante, Akuapem, Akwamu, and Akyem (together known as Twi), Agona, Kwahu, Wassa, Fante (Fanti or Mfantse: Anomabo, Abura, Gomua) and Bono.
Subgroups of the Bia-speaking groups include: the Anyin, Baoulé, Chakosi (Anufo), Sefwi (Sehwi), Nzema, Ahanta and Jwira-Pepesa. The Akan subgroups have cultural attributes in common, notably the tracing of matrilineal descent, inheritance of property, and succession to high political office.
Akan culture can also be found in the New World. A number of Akans were taken as captives to the Americas. Roughly ten-percent of all slave ships embarked from the Gold Coast. The primary source of wealth within Akan economy was gold. However as wars culminated in the region the capture and sale of Akan people peaked during the Fante and Ashanti conflicts (as both sides sold a large number of their captives) as prisoners of war. Akan conflicts led to a high number of military captives being sold into slavery known as "Coromantee". These Coromantee soldiers and other Akan captives were notorious for a large number of slave revolts and plantation resistance tactics. These captives were feared throughout the Americas so much so that we can see their legacy within groups such as the Maroons of the Caribbean and South America.
Akan people are believed to have migrated to their current location from the Sahara desert and Sahel regions of Africa into the forest region around the 11th century, and many Akans tell their history as it started in the eastern region of Africa as this is where the ethnogenesis of the Akan as we know them today happened.
Oral traditions of the ruling Abrade (Aduana) Clan relate that they originated from ancient Ghana. They migrated from the north, they went through Egypt and settled in Nubia (Sudan). Around 500 AD (5th century), due to the pressure exerted on Nubia by the Axumite kingdom of Ethiopia, Nubia was shattered, and the Akan people moved west and established small trading kingdoms. These kingdoms grew, and around 750 AD the Ghana Empire was formed. The Empire lasted from 750 AD to 1200 AD and collapsed as a result of the introduction of Islam in the Western Sudan, and the zeal of the Muslims to impose their religion, their ancestors eventually left for Kong (i.e. present day Ivory Coast). From Kong they moved to Wam and then to Dormaa (both located in present-day Brong-Ahafo region). The movement from Kong was necessitated by the desire of the people to find suitable savannah conditions since they were not used to forest life. Around the 14th century, they moved from Dormaa South Eastwards to Twifo-Hemang, North West Cape Coast. This move was commercially motivated.
The kingdom of Bonoman (or Brong-Ahafo) was established as early as the 12th century. Between the 12th and 13th centuries a gold boom in the area brought wealth to numerous Akans.
During different phases of the Kingdom of Bonoman, groups of Akans migrated out of the area to create numerous states based predominantly on gold mining and trading of cash crops. This brought wealth to numerous Akan states like Akwamu Empire (1550–1650), and ultimately led to the rise of the most well known Akan empire, the Empire of Ashanti (1700–1900), the most dominant of the Akan states.
From the 15th century to the 19th century (and possibly even earlier) the Akan people dominated gold mining and trading in the region; from the 17th century on, they were among the most powerful groups in Africa.
This wealth in gold attracted European traders. Initially, the Europeans were Portuguese, soon joined by the Dutch and the British in their quest for Akan gold. Akan states waged wars on neighboring states in their geographic area to capture people and sell them as slaves to Europeans (Portuguese) who subsequently sold the enslaved people along with guns to Akan states in exchange for Akan gold. Akan gold was also used to purchase slaves from further up north via the Trans-Saharan route. The Akan purchased slaves in order to help clear the dense forests within Ashanti. About a third of the population of many Akan states were indentured servants (i.e. Non-Akan peoples). The Akans went from buyers of slaves to selling slaves as the dynamics in the Gold Coast and the New World changed. Thus, the Akan people played a role in supplying Europeans with indentured servants, who were later enslaved for the trans-Atlantic slave trade. In 2006 Ghana apologized to the descendants of slaves for the role some of its people may have played in the slave trade.
Akan people, especially the Ashanti people, fought against European colonists and defeated them on several occasions to maintain autonomy. This occurred during the Anglo-Ashanti wars: the war of the Golden Stool, and other similar battles.
The Akans consider themselves one nation. Akan means first, foremost, and indicates the enlightened and Civilized. While traditionally matrilineal; they are also united philosophically through 12 patrilineal spirit groups called the Ntoro or egya-bosom. Within this nation are branches based on many dialects, widest (and possibly the oldest) one used is Twi. Each branch subsequently holds a collection of states and stemming from city-states. The state or Aman is typically ruled by several kings known as Ahenfo. The state is the basic unit of Akan polity. Several states and city-states can band together to form a Confederacy or an empire regardless of clan or abusua they belong to, while those outside of the Akan tribe or the abusua were usually conquered or annexed via war or mutual agreement. For example, the Guan state of Larteh and the Akyem state of Akropong joined together to form the Akwapim Kingdom to avoid the Akwamu, who the Guan deemed as oppressive. Under the State there are Divisions and under these Divisions are towns and villages.
Akan kings are ranked according to their jurisdiction. The head of an inter-clan Confederacy is usually considered a King, as in the Kings of Ashanti, Akyem and the Akwapim. Under these are the heads of the constituent states who equates an Emperor that only heads an Empire (for e.g. Asante Empire and the Denkyira). In Asante's case, as an Empire the Asantehene reigned over non-Oyoko clan city states and ruled over the kings of those states as an Imperial head or Emperor (a hardly used but rightful equivalent term as Emperor literally mean king of kings.) But right Next, there are divisional Chiefs, they are primarily arranged according to the five divisions of an Akan army. The Akan army or Asafo formation resembles a cross or an aeroplane. The battle formation has the Frontline, the West Flank, an East Flank, the main body and the Vanguard. There are therefore five divisional chiefs in each Paramountcy. These are followed in rank by the Kings of the city and then the Kings of the town and then king of the suburbs.
The Akan tribe mostly have seven Abusua (matrilineal clans) in each state. They do not have the same names in each state but each has an equivalent clan (for e.g. in Fante areas along the coast, the Asante clan of Oyoko is referred to as Dehyena or Yokofo). The clans are assigned States which they rule by virtue of their status as founders of that jurisdiction. The Ashanti Kingdom is ruled by the Oyoko Clan. However the Bretuo or Twidanfo (in Fante) as well as other clans rule States, Divisions, Towns and Villages within the Kingdom. The Fante-speaking tribes usually have the Asona Clan ruling most of their States (like Mankessim). Certain sub-clans or lineages have exclusive rights to some stools within Akanland such as the lineage of Afia Kobi in the Oyoko Clan who alone sit on the Golden Stool of Asante.
The Akans are traditionally a Matrilineal people of the African continent. Matrilineal inheritance makes it easier to trace the line of succession. Within each lineage or House are the branches. The chief of a family is called an Abusuapanin (or family-elder). Ranking above a family chief (a family's Abusuapanin) is the clan's chief (or clan's Abusuapanin). These branches are called Jaase or literally Kitchens. Each Kitchen takes its turn to present a candidate for the stool to the kingmakers of the lineage. Once accepted their candidate rules till death. This means until all the Jaase have presented their candidates they have to wait their turn.
Akan Kings of whatever rank have other noblemen who serve them as Sub-Chiefs. These sub-chiefs do not have hereditary titles and therefore do not have black stools. In addition each King has a female co-ruler known as the Queenmother. The Queen-mother is more like a figurehead representing the King's or Emperor's eldest sister and hence the mother of the next King or Emperor, she could rule as a King if she wishes (e.g. queen-mothers mainly from the House of Asona clan: Nana Abena Boaa who ruled Offinso 1610–1640, Nana Afia Dokuaa who ruled Akyem Abuakwa 1817–1835, and Nana Yaa Asantewaa who ruled Edweso 1896–1900). They present the candidate for consideration as King. An assistant king does not have a Queenmother as his title is not hereditary.
A Prince or Daakyehene (lit Future-king) is any of the members of the lineage eligible to sit on a stool. However, not all the noblemen or noblewomen are Princes as some may be ineligible. A prince is not necessarily the son of a King but rather the former King's nephew on the mother's side. As such nobles strive to achieve the position of prince in their families or for their children.
The way Akans ruled their nation fascinated the tribes of other West African nations and as the Akans conquered or formed alliances with these nations parts of it was transmitted to them. The British particularly felt the Akan system was highly efficient and tried to establish it throughout their dominions in West Africa using the Indirect Rule System. The Ewes and the Ga-Adangmes with their close affinity to the Akans have modified certain aspects of it to fit their societies.
The Akan people comprise the following subgroups: Ashanti (the largest Akan ethnic group), Abinghi, Abbe, Abidji, Aboure, Adjukru, Ahafo, Ahanta, Akuapem, Akwamu, Akye, Akyem, Alladian, Anyi, Aowin, Assin, Attie, Avatime, Avikam, Baoulé, Abron, Chokosi, Denkyira, Ehotile, Evalue, Fante (the second largest Akan ethnic group), Kwahu, M'Bato, Nzema, Sefwi, Tchaman, Twifu and Wassa.
The identity of an Akan nation or meta-ethnicity is expressed by the term Akanman. The Akan word ɔman (plural Aman) which forms the second element in this expression has a meaning much of "community, town; nation, state". ɔman/Aman has been translated as "Akanland" ".
Akan refers to the language of the Akan ethno-linguistic group and the Akan language in which was and is the most widely spoken and used indigenous language on the Ashantiland Peninsula. Akan is officially recognized for literacy on the Ashantiland Peninsula, at the primary and elementary educational stage (Primary 1–3) K–12 (education) level, and studied at university as a bachelor's degree or master's degree program. The Akan language spoken as the predominant language in the Western, Central, Ashanti, Eastern, Brong Ahafo regions of the Ashantiland Peninsula. A language with some Akan influence called Ndyuka is also spoken in South America (Suriname and French Guiana), with the Akan language coming to these South American and Caribbean places through the trans-Atlantic slave trade and Akan names and folktales are still used in these South American and Caribbean countries(another example can be seen in the Maroons of Jamaica and their influence with Akan culture and loanwords). With the present state of technology, one can listen to live radio broadcasts in Akan from numerous radio stations and receive mass media and public broadcasts in Akan from numerous multimedia and media broadcasting. Akan is studied in major universities in North America and United States, including Ohio University, Ohio State University, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Harvard University, Boston University, Indiana University, University of Michigan, and the University of Florida. The Akan language has been a regular language of study in the annual Summer Cooperative African Languages Institute (SCALI) program and the Akan language is regulated and administered by the Akan Orthography Committee (AOC).
Akan culture is one of the traditional matrilineal cultures of Africa. Akan art is wide-ranging and renowned, especially for the tradition of crafting bronze goldweights, using the lost-wax casting method. The Akan culture reached South America, Caribbean, and North America.
Elements of Akan culture also include, but are not limited to: Akan art, kente cloth, Akan Calendar, Akan Chieftaincy, Akan goldweights and Akan religion.
Many but not all of the Akan still practice their traditional matrilineal customs, living in their traditional extended family households. The traditional Akan economic and political organization is based on matrilineal lineages, which are the basis of inheritance and succession. A lineage is defined as all those related by matrilineal descent from a particular ancestress. Several lineages are grouped into a political unit headed by a council of elders, each of whom is the elected head of a lineage – which itself may include multiple extended-family households.
The political units above are likewise grouped (into traditionally seven) but as of today eight larger groups called abusua: Aduana, Agona, Asakyiri, Asenie, Asona, Bretuo, Ekuona and Oyoko. The members of each such abusua are united by their belief that they are all descended from the same ancient ancestress – so marriage between members of the same group (or abusua) is forbidden, a taboo on marriage. One inherits, or is a lifelong member of, the lineage, the political unit and the abusua of one's mother, regardless of one's gender or marriage. Members and their spouses thus belong to different abusuas, with mother and children living and working in one household, but their husband/father living and working in a different household.
According to one source of information about the Akan, "A man is strongly related to his mother's brother (wɔfa) but only weakly related to his father's brother. This is perhaps viewed in the context of a polygamous society in which the mother/child bond is likely to be much stronger than the father/child bond. As a result, in inheritance, a man's nephew (his sister's son) (wɔfase) will have priority over his own son. Uncle-nephew relationships therefore assume a dominant position."
"The principles governing inheritance, generation and age – that is to say, men come before women and seniors before juniors."... When a woman's brothers are available, a consideration of generational seniority stipulates that the line of brothers be exhausted before the right to inherit lineage property passes down to the next senior genealogical generation of sisters' sons. Finally, "it is when all possible male heirs have been exhausted that the females" may inherit.
Certain other aspects of the Akan culture are determined patrilineally rather than matrilineally. There are ancestrally 12 patrilineal Ntoro (spirit) groups, and everyone belongs to his or her father's Ntoro group, but not to his family lineage and abusua. Each Ntoro group has its own surnames, taboos, ritual purifications and forms of etiquette. A person thus inherits one's Ntoro from one's father, but does not belong to his family.
Elements of Akan culture can generally be seen in many geographic areas. Specific elements of Akan culture are especially seen in neighboring African peoples and some Central African populations. Akan culture has also been historically important in the New World, where Akan names are or were common, for example among the Coromantins of Jamaica, South and North America, Barbados, and the descendants of the Akwamu in St. John. Kofi, the leader of the 1763 slave revolt and violent revolt against the Dutch people in Guyana was an Akan.
Arthur Wharton (1865–1930) – the first black professional footballer in the world.
Wooden mask representing an elephant. Large round ears with a smaller human mask in center of each ear. Eyes are round and pink. Zig-zag patterns along the length of trunk, upturned tusks. Condition: One mask in proper left ear is partially broken; few small cracks on front of face; one large crack under chin. One tusk previously broken.
Empire of Ashanti warrior military golden war combat helmet and personal armor of the Empire of Ashanti – Museum of Natural History.
Empire of Ashanti Soldier, c. 1824, Visual Art – Joseph Dupuis.
^ CIA World Factbook population total suggests roughly 20 million.
^ a b ""Cote d'Ivoire", CIA – The World Factbook". Cia.gov. "Akan 42.1%" of a population of 22.0 million. ""Ghana", CIA – The World Factbook". Cia.gov. Retrieved 24 August 2012. "Akan 45.3%" of a population of 24.6 million.
^ Languages of the Akan area: papers in Western Kwa linguistics and on the linguistic geography of the area of ancient. Isaac K. Chinebuah, H. Max J. Trutenau, Linguistic Circle of Accra, Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 1976, pp. 168.
^ a b Akwamu. akuapem.com.
^ Indigenous medicine and knowledge in African society. Psychology Press, 2007 – Health & Fitness.
^ "Akwamu – Encyclopedia Article and More from". Merriam-Webster. 13 August 2010. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
^ a b "Africa Gallery". Penn Museum. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
^ Wilks, Ivor (1997). "Wangara, Akan, and Portuguese in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries". In Bakewell, Peter (ed.). Mines of Silver and Gold in the Americas. Aldershot: Variorum, Ashgate Publishing Limited. p. 4. ISBN 0860785130.
^ Henry Louis Gates Jr. "Ending the Slavery Blame-Game". Archived from the original on 23 April 2010. Retrieved 26 March 2012.
^ "United Nations member States – General Information". Un.org. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
^ "Online Twi Dictionary – The Akan People". twi.bb. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
^ Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana. The Society. 2003. p. 28.
^ a b c d e f g h "Akan (Twi) – Akan language". amesall.rutgers.edu.
^ "Man Ray, African art, and the modernist lens", Wendy Grossman, Martha Ann Bari, Letty Bonnell, International Arts & Artists, 2009 – Photography, 183 pp.
^ "Kwasi Konadu, "The Akan Diaspora in the Americas" (Oxford UP, 2010)". Newbooksinafroamstudies.com. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 13 November 2011.
Bartle, Philip F. W. (January 1978), "Forty Days; The AkanCalendar". Africa: Journal of the International African Institute (Edinburgh University Press), 48 (1): 80–84.
Meyerowitz, E. L. R. (1949), "Bono-Mansu, the earliest centre of civilisation in the Gold Coast", Proceedings of the III International West African Conference, 118–20.


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Today in White Sox History: January 31
January 31, 2020 by Brett Ballantini, posted in Today in White Sox History
Inflated value: Billy Sullivan wasn't just an ace backstop, but an inventor! (Turkey Red)
White Sox catcher Billy Sullivan secured a patent on the first catcher's chest protector. It contained a wind pad with compressed air.
The U.S. Cellular Company and the White Sox signed an agreement selling the naming rights to Comiskey Park. The deal was worth $68 million over 23 years. The money received by the club contained the stipulation that it could only be used on renovations and upgrades for the stadium, not for player additions via free agency. The renovations made the ballpark, now Guaranteed Rate Field, one of the finest-looking stadiums in baseball.
Tagged 1909, 2003, Billy Sullivan, Chest Protector, Naming Rights, Patent, U.S. Cellular Field1 Comment
Miracle Man: Loaiza was supposed to merely fill out the rotation, not compete for the Cy Young.
Sometimes luck plays a part in things … sometimes a very big part. On this date, White Sox GM Ken Williams signed free agent pitcher Esteban Loaiza to a contract. Loaiza was expected to round out the back end of the rotation, but he did much more than that. By season's end he had won 21 games, started the All-Star Game and led the AL in strikeouts. He could have won the Cy Young Award, but a pair of 1-0 losses to Detroit appeared to kill his chances and he ended up second in the voting. The next year he was traded to the Yankees at midseason for pitcher Jose Contreras — another deal that was a steal for the White Sox!
Tagged 2003, Esteban Loaiza, Jose Contreras, Ken WilliamsLeave a comment
The Bartolo Colon Experience: Not for the faint of heart. (Wikipedia)
It was another bold stab by GM Ken Williams, as he acquired starter Bartolo Colon as part of a three-way deal with the Montreal Expose and New York Yankees. Colon had a good season for the Sox (15 wins, 242 innings and 173 strikeouts) before inking a large deal with the Angels, with whom he'd win the Cy Young. Williams brought Colon back in 2009, hoping for the same success, but got little for his troubles. In fact Colon got hurt, was overweight, and when assigned to a minor league rehab stint never reported!
Tagged 2003, Bartolo Colon, Ken WilliamsLeave a comment
Today in White Sox History: November 4
November 4, 2019 by Brett Ballantini, posted in Today in White Sox History
Glory days: Guillén at his peak, winning the 2005 World Series. (@OzzieGuillen)
2003 — Former White Sox All-Star shortstop Ozzie Guillén was named the team's manager, replacing Jerry Manuel. Ozzie immediately set about changing the fortunes of the franchise. His "Ozzie-Ball" philosophy of pitching, smart-aggressive base running, defense and doing the little things instead of just waiting for the home run would help lead to a World Series title in 2005, the season he would be named Manager of the Year. He'd return to the playoffs with the club in 2008.
Before being allowed to leave in late September 2011, Guillén appeared to be headed for a very long career on the South Side, but his relationship changed with GM Ken Williams, and a parting was best for all concerned.
Tagged 2003, Ken Williams, Ozzie GuillénLeave a comment
Sept. 28, 1932 — J. Louis Comiskey, the new owner and son of Charles Comiskey, tried to rebuild his franchise by sending $150,000 (an unheard-of sum in those days) to the Philadelphia A's for infielder Jimmy Dykes, outfielder Al Simmons and utility man George "Mule" Haas.
Simmons would become a member of the Hall of Fame in 1953, and in three seasons with the Sox twice drove in more than 100 RBIs. Dykes would eventually manage the team for more than 12 full seasons, beginning in 1934. He had five winning years and one season at .500 in that time, by Brett Ballantini's managerial WAR the best manager in White Sox history.
Sept. 28, 1953 — The White Sox beat the St. Louis Browns, 3-2, behind Billy Pierce. It was the last American League game ever played in St. Louis, as the Browns moved to Baltimore after the season.
Sept. 28, 1959 — The White Sox team photo appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated. The caption read: "Chicago's New Champions Sit For Their Portrait."
Sept. 28, 1997 — Frank Thomas won the batting championship with a .347 average. He joined Luke Appling as the only White Sox players to do this. Thomas was one of only a handful of players in major league history with a batting title and at least 450 home runs to their credit. Thomas was also the largest player (both in height and weight) to ever win a batting crown.
Sept. 28, 2003 — White Sox starter Esteban Loaiza recorded his 21st win of the season, beating the Royals 5-1. The 21 wins tied the major league record for the most wins in a season by a pitcher born in Mexico. Loaiza tied the mark set by Fernando Valenzuela in 1986.
Tagged 1932, 1953, 1959, 1997, 2003, Al Simmons, Billy Pierce, Charles Comiskey, Esteban Loaiza, Frank Thomas, J Louis Comiskey, Jimmy Dykes, Largest Player to Ever Win a Batting Crown, Luke Appling, Mule Haas, Sports IllustratedLeave a comment
Today in White Sox History: September 9
September 9, 2019 by Brett Ballantini, posted in Today in White Sox History
Outfitted: Al Capone, son, and dozens of bodyguards take in a crosstown game in 1931. (The Petaluma Argus Courier)
Sept. 9, 1917 — This day marks the only time the White Sox have ever won a forfeited game. At Comiskey Park against Cleveland, the Indians were protesting a close call that went against them in the top of the 10th inning of a tie game.
When they took the field in the last of the inning, Cleveland players threw their gloves in the air, some rolled around in the dirt and catcher Steve O'Neill deliberately threw a ball into center field. Umpire Clarence "Brick" Owens had enough and declared the game won by the Sox.
Sept. 9, 1931 — At the cross-city exhibition game between the White Sox and Cubs at Comiskey Park this afternoon a famous (or "infamous") fan and his son sat along the White Sox side of the field, in the front row.
The fan was Al Capone, the head of the largest crime syndicate in Chicago known as the "Chicago Outfit." He took in the game with his son and a number of bodyguards who were seated directly behind them. They were part of a crowd of almost 35,000. The game was to benefit an unemployment relief fund established by Illinois governor Louis L. Emmerson as the Depression strengthened its grip on the country. Less than a month later, Capone would go to trial on income tax evasion charges, be found guilty, and sent to prison.
Sept. 9, 1983 — The Winning Ugly express roared on, crushing former Sox great Tommy John and the California Angels, 11-0. What was significant in this one was, for the first time in team history, the Sox hammered back-to-back-to-back home runs, courtesy of Carlton Fisk, Tom Paciorek, and Greg Luzinski in the first inning.
Not to be outdone, pitcher Britt Burns threw a one-hitter. Outfielder Mike Brown's two-out single in the seventh inning was Burns' only mistake.
Sept. 9, 2003 — With one move, White Sox manager Jerry Manuel perhaps cost his team a postseason berth and eventually led himself to be fired.
In a game the Sox were leading the Twins 8-2 in the ninth inning, Manuel brought in relief pitcher Jose Paniagua to get some work in. The Sox had a one-game lead over the Twins, and this was the second of a four-game series at U.S. Cellular Field.
Paniagua allowed four runs, giving the Twins momentum even though they'd lose, 8-6. Minnesota promptly won the final two games, swept the Sox the following week at the Metrodome and won the second of three consecutive division titles.
Paniagua, as he was leaving the field, made an obscene gesture at the home plate umpire and was released by GM Kenny Williams later that evening. Manuel's dismissal would come a few weeks later.
There has always been debate over the impact of this incident in the divisional race, but Twins players have been quoted as saying it was a difference-maker.
Sept. 9, 2017 – White Sox slugger José Abreu became only the sixth player in franchise history to hit for the cycle in a 13-1 rout of the San Francisco Giants. José's cycle, in order, went home run, double, single and triple. For the night, he went 4-for-5 with three runs scored and three RBIs.
Tagged 1917, 1931, 1983, 2003, 2017, Al Capone, Carlton Fisk, Cycle, Forfeit, Greg Luzinski, Jerry Manuel, José Abreu, Jose Paniagua, Today in White Sox History, Tom Paciorek, Tommy John, White Sox HistoryLeave a comment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class THashMapExample {
    <caret>private static final Map<Integer, String> INT_STRING_CONSTANT = new HashMap<>();
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


See how one of our fountains can change your patio or backyard. Call or stop at our new showroom.
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Product prices and availability are accurate as of 2019-04-24 06:13:21 UTC and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on http://www.amazon.com/ at the time of purchase will apply to the purchase of this product.
Silky soft, anti-static fabric. Built up straps. Delicate lace trim neckline.


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Stacey Abrams Has Written 8 Romance Novels Under the Name 'Selena Montgomery'
Following a long Election Day—that has turned into a nail-biting Election Week—former Georgia candidate for governor, Stacey Abrams, is now earning much-earned recognition for her work to help turn the state "purple" in 2020. Georgia has gone Republican in presidential elections since 1992, but record voter turnout has seen over 2.4 million votes for presidential candidate Joe Biden, giving him an extremely narrow lead over President Donald Trump. In the past two years, Abrams has worked tirelessly to recruit voters of color in Georgia, helping to register an estimated 800,000 since 2018, according to Newsweek.
Another humble fact about the voting rights activist? She's a successful romance novelist, having written her first book, Rules of Engagement, during her third year as a student at Yale University. Under the pseudonym Selena Montgomery, the politician penned eight books, with the last (Deception) published in 2009. She also wrote a memoir in 2018 and is gearing up to release the political thriller, While Justice Sleeps, in May 2021.
"The act of writing is integral to who I am," she told the Washington Post in 2018. "I'm a writer, a politician, a tax attorney, a civic leader and an entrepreneur. I am proud of what I've accomplished."
Her romantic suspense novels include the love stories of a lawyer and sheriff, two undercover agents, and a sexy ethnobotanist—all with the goal of illustrating that Black women can be "as adventurous and attractive as any white woman" in fiction, as she told The Washington Post.
"Telling a well-crafted story is hard. Full stop," she said. "Regardless of genre, good writing is good writing. Romance is one of the oldest forms of storytelling, and I'm honored to be in the company of extraordinary writers."
So if you're as interested in her imagination as you are her politics, you can find a full list of Abrams'—sorry, Selena Montgomery's—books below.
Stacey Abrams's Selena Montgomery Romance Novels
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This article was originally published by Elle.com. Read the original article here.
Natural Landscape Design Ideas – Miranda's Garden – Vogue


Milwaukee Symphony concertmaster Frank Almond gave audiences a rare chance to see and hear one of the world's most famous musical instruments at the first concert of the 2014-15 Harker Concert Series season. The centuries-old Lipinski Stradivarius, which briefly went missing earlier this year after Almond was attacked following a performance, has a long and storied history, one that figured into the evening's repertoire.
Rather than start with the music, Almond opted first to address the crowd on the history of the Lipinski and its connection to two of the pieces he would be playing. Giuseppe Tartini's Violin Sonata in G minor, commonly known as "The Devil's Trill," was a fitting choice as the first piece of the evening, he explained, as Tartini was the Lipinski's first known owner.
When it came time for the sonata's third movement, Almond proved more than up to the task of traversing it. Among the more impressive and moving displays of the evening was an unaccompanied section consisting almost entirely of treacherously difficult double stop trills, handled so well that any thoughts of the virtuosity involved all but vanished.
Impressive though it was, it seemed almost like a warmup for Almond's rendition of J.S. Bach's legendary Chaconne from Partita in D minor. A marvel of sheer creativity, the chaconne begins with a simple four-measure theme that is taken through dozens of variations, resulting in a piece that for centuries has been hailed for its emotional and structural depth. Bach's vision was served well by Almond's masterful hands, which beautifully manipulated the Lipinski to illustrate the uniqueness of each variation and how they combine into a brilliant whole.
Harker parent Prashant Fuloria (Anika, grade 6; Varun, grade 3) enjoyed the performance of the Bach piece in particular and said that the concert's atmosphere was a good environment for many age groups. "It's not too formal. Kids can go around and be kids and listen to some great music," he said.
The final piece for the evening was Cesar Franck's Sonata in A Major, which was chosen, Almond said, because "it's fun to play." Pianist Jeffrey Sykes set the tone with a soft bedding of chords before being joined by the violin, whose vulnerable melodies were gorgeously rendered as they swayed rhythmically with the piano, the two trading melancholic lines. An urgent, almost sinister assemblage of piano notes opened the next movement before bursting into a dazzling run. Almond expertly utilized the Lipinski's warm lower registers to introduce the frantic, flowing melody, which both contrasted and played off of the panicked piano underneath. The slow and repentant third movement was beautifully anchored by Sykes' emotive subtleties, punctuated by anguished outbursts. As if to make up for the anxiety and despair of the previous two movements, the sonata shifted into an uplifting and determined mood, bringing back the theme from the first movement for a rollicking finish.


EA Brady's | A socially conscious butcher shop in Eastown, Grand Rapids.
Four generations of cattlemen, farmers, grocers, and butchers.
Evan Brady holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Hospitality and Tourism, with an emphasis in Food and Beverage. He is also a graduate of Fleisher's Grass-Fed and Organic Meats intensive Butcher Training Program in Brooklyn and Kingston, New York. Evan spent several years managing restaurant kitchens, before working in Inventory Management and Purchasing.
Aidan received his Bachelor of Science from the School of Agriculture and Natural Resources at Michigan State University and a Masters of Business Administration from Grand Valley State University. He has spent more than 10 years working in marketing and product development.


You would have been the air, the sun.
"He is like a drug to you, Bella." His voice was still gentle, not at all critical. "I see that you can't live without him now. It's too late. But I would have been healthier for you. Not a drug; I would have been the air, the sun."


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First let me say thanks for constructive comment!
I have posted many writings on the structure of some interesting characters and all were based on my own comprehension to them. It is not useful to copy others' sayings!
"Chinese regard the left as more honorable"
Then why don't the Chinese keep to the left? When taking the escalator you are expected to stand on the right; while driving you are to keep to the right! Surely if what you said is true, they should be keeping left!
In Chinese, the phrase '左右' sometimes could be used as verb 'control'! ------- For an example: Could you control (左右) the situation?
In TV drama, you often see the boss sitting in the middle while his men standing on his both sides who are ready to serve him. --------So the officer could 左右 (control)the 'soldiers'.


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The Story of the Broken Sword
January 11, 2014 January 18, 2014 • kateshrewsday
History can paint stuff out. Can't it?
Yesterday I had walked straight past an ancient picture of a man who looked like an alchemist, dressed in black, sitting in blackness, when one of the restorers called me back.
"Course," he said to me confidentially, "you know who that is, don't you?"
And I combed through everything I knew about the house I stood in. When that picture was painted, The Vyne – a beautiful house next to a lake in Hampshire – would have belonged to a man called William Sandys, a favourite of Bluff King Hal. He was a Knight of the Garter. He had served Henry's father, and he hosted Henry and Ann Boleyn at the house once. A year after that he was escorting Ann to the Tower of London.
So: a key player.
"William Sandys?" I hazarded.
The restorer smiled conspiratorially. Here was an impossibly useful nugget of historical gossip to impart. He stopped brushing the gorgeous ceramic lamp on which he had been bent, and settled himself for a story.
"That," he said, "is a man called Philip Chute."
Now: those Chutes. They weave their way through the history books. Chaloner was a speaker in the House of Commons under Cromwell the Younger; John was a very close friend of Horace Walpole and sat on his 'Committee of Taste'.
But Philip? Ah, he was a hidden Chute, a Chute whose story has not been told because Henry VIII could not be seen as, well, a bit of a Charlie. But Henry rewards those who get him out a bit of a hole; and so once he had done the deed history has not recorded, Philip Chute was a wealthy and important man for life, and his descendants after him.
Philip Chute was an important figure under the reigns of Edward, Mary and Elizabeth. He survived the broiling sectarian maelstrom that was England after Henry died, becoming Mary's Comptroller of Customs and remaining as Governor of Camber Castle under Elizabeth. With one valiant deed, he had rendered himself impervious to harm.
But no-one could work out what that deed was.
It is still a bit murky today,to tell you the truth. To find out anything at all, you have to forsake the English history books, because historians value their heads. It is the French History Books which tell the story of the Siege of Boulogne.
Look over your shoulder from the Siege of Boulogne in 1544, and you may glimpse cloth of gold in 1520. Against all the rules, Henry had got a little carried away posturing with King Francis of France. He challenged him to a wrestling match: and Francis thrashed him.
Boulogne was a chance for payback. By the time Henry arrived the English occupied all the lands on the Boulogne coast, including the lower town and the old Roman lighthouse. But the upper town as a fortress with a drawbridge. And that would take a bit more battering.
So the Boulogners had this trick. They'd wait till it was quiet, then slam down the drawbridge as quickly as they could and charge out fully armed and attack the English, usually with satisfying results. And then they'd run back inside again and shut the door.
This happened a lot. And you would think the English would get used to it, but they didn't. And when Hal arrived, everyone was flapping about welcoming him and suchlike that they were sitting ducks when the drawbridge slammed down and lots of French soldiers ran out.
Philip was a standard bearer: not a high rank at all. But he was close to Henry and all we can deduce from the French accounts is that Henry's life was threatened, and the standard bearer saved it.
He was awarded many honours, although no knighthood (mustn't risk the tale of Henry's second thrashing at the hands of the French becoming public). And on his heraldic shield they included a device called the Broken Sword.
It's everywhere at the Vyne: on walls, and weather vanes, and paintings. A reminder of something we don't like to talk about.
The day the French thrashed Bluff King Hal. A second time.
Posted in Quirks of HistoryTagged Chaloner, Chute, england, Henry VIII, history, Philip Chute, The VyneBookmark the permalink.
48 thoughts on "The Story of the Broken Sword"
Fascinating! And the symbolic significance of the broken sword?
….is foverever locked in secrecy between the standard bearer who saved his sovereign, and a king who valued discretion to the point of executing those who crossed the line.
Kings are so often bullies. It's all that 'having to be better' when they were really just human.
I have been deling with the same attitude this week. Bullying when co-operation would get it done.
Indeed; though it seems Henry achieved silence by raining honours and status on the man whose silence he wished for. Indebtedness is a great thing.
Bribery, works well till someone can bribe better
That is a really lovely bit of gossip. It is frustrating, though, in what is left to speculation. Seems Frances was good at making a right twit out of Hal, though.
Twice, he managed it. His portrait hangs near the haunted gallery in Hampton Court, interestingly. He had an extremely Gallic nose.
Interesting insight, Kate, and a good chuckle – also from Colonialist 😀 It's mind-boggling to imagine how much of history is shrouded in secrecy . . .
It is. And every now and then someone uncovers something. Like Richard III and his bones beneath the car park. Wonderful moment, that.
Oops. It seems silence was the kind of valour that Henry valued! 😉
It certainly was. The Chutes kept their wealth until the Vyne was sold to the National Trust in 1958.
Interesting and nicely told!
Thanks, Brett. The restorer told it even better…
So many secrets shrouded in the mists of time.
Indeed. Always interesting to root one out, though.
It would be so interesting to know how much of history has been cast in an optimistic light.
Absolutely, Tammy. Whole nations are duped with propaganda which can last centuries, it seems. The only reason we know about this incident not because the English chronicled it, but the French.
Ah, the delightful, mysterious and intriguing things they leave out of the history books.
Indeed, Judy. Wonderful when we unearth something.
Love the early Cavalier pup!!
Isn't it gorgeous! The English have always loved their dogs…
The restorer smiled conspiratorially – an expression mastered by American presidents, congressmen and senators.
Yes: we see it constantly, don't we, Carl?
Every people has history they don't like to talk about. It's these stories that fascinate me the most. It amazes me that Henry's wishes have carried on all this time, that he still influences his legacy.
He was such a dominant character. He has dominated our history too, hasn't he?
Quite a bit of juicy gossip from the restorer, isn't it – and a nice bit of history, Kate.
I was so chuffed to hear it, Penny. A really interesting side-story to the main plot of Henry's life.
Hello Barb! Great to hear from you! Thanks.
I am deeply fascinated with historical mysteries and what we know, and sometimes only think we know. But the part that gave me a smile is the way the gentleman working on the restoration project called you back and was so interested in passing along a little bit of story. He somehow knew you'd care, Kate! Very nice!
Ah, they can usually spot an interested party at 20 paces, Debra! I wander round with the look of a hungry wolf, I am afraid. Stories mean more to me than most 🙂
galealbright says:
That dog looks a bit uncomfortable hanging there under the man's elbow. I guess Philip Chute was one of the lucky ones who didn't get sent to the tower and the block. He got hush money instead.
Indeed, Gale: his discretion bought him the gratitude of Henry and those who cam after him. And I wonder if he was just one of those people anyone could trust. His career is extraordinary in its longevity.
Laura Lynn says:
Ooh, Francis the 1st. I have a crush on him! So accomplished and athletic and handsome. Doesn't hurt that he was a good wrestler either. There's a mental picture. Henry V and Francis l
wrestling…too bad Francis died so young.
It is quite a mental picture, Laura, I had never really thought of that! I suppose I am influenced by the portrait of Francis which hangs near the haunted gallery at Hampton Court: it shows him with a comically large nose. I stand and have a laugh every time I go there.
Of course, French portrait painters would have flattered any ruler and minimised any exaggerated features.
I wonder how big his nose really was?
I've read a lot about that period in history so I've seen quite a few portraits of Francis l in biographies. I think he had a 'typically' French nose. I think the french are noted for large noses, aren't they? Maybe, like Gerard Depardieu, his nose suited him.
🙂 Let's assume he had lashings of that irresistible Gallic charm.
Dear Kate, for several weeks I've been away from blogging and so I've missed my weekly visit to your blog. Your writing and your subject matter are among my favorites of all the blogs I visit. So thank you today for this snippet of history that now lodges in my mind like a cup of tea that has been well brewed and wakes up all my senses when I sip it. I hope that 2014 will bring to you the fulfillment of at least one of your deepest heart-wishes. Peace.
Francis Chute (family historian) says:
Philip wasn't even a standard bearer when the 1544 expedition set out; he was a Yeoman of the Guard – one of the elite who had to be strong and handsome and protect the King. He was promoted to standard bearer of the King's Band by August 1544 which virtually proves that his qualifying deed was in July. So when I went to Boulogne some years ago and unearthed the story you re-tell, I was delighted to find that late on 26 July 1544 an attack by mainly Corsican mercenaries on horseback was aimed directly at the king's camp at Terlincthun – when the King with his courtiers and guardsmen were just arriving and had not even set up sentries – so it is clear that Philip was as unprepared as the rest and probably saw the official. standard bearer cut down a few yards from the king. Philip evidently leapt to the rescue with his pike or battle-axe, helped fight off the horsemen and the king escaped with the shock of his life.
The really amusing parts of the story (which your guide at the Vyne omitted) are (a) that the official record of the campaign, published in England after the king's "victorious return", never mentions a breath of what happened on 26 July, and (b) a huge painting was made of the Siege of Boulogne showing the king in full armour directing operations. What could not be shown was that the king, in truth, was so palsied and swollen in the leg that he could barely stand, had to be carried in a litter and certainly couldn't wear armour! There's a bit of spin doctoring for you!
Francis, what a fabulous comment: it makes me want to re-publish the post just so that others can see it. Thank you so much. I'd love to read that account of the King's 'glorious return.'
If you're really interested and can bear a wodge of detail, you might look up "Chute Family Home Page" via Google and scroll down to my screed on Philip. Also Philip had married the sister of one Thomas Culpeper, a handsome courtier who repeatedly had it off with Queen Catherine Howard under Henry's nose: Tom was duly hanged and the Queen beheaded, Henry being furious at his humiliation. So Philip was socially on perilous ground even before the Boulogne expedition.
.As to the king's glorious return in 1544, somebody wrote a pop song praising the king and including the words:
"He hath gotten already Bullen that godly town
"And biddeth sing speedily up, up and not down…"
Wouldn't make the Top Ten. The bigger problem wais that Henry had amassed 31,000 soldiers, at colossal expense, aiming to conquer all France, but found it took 3 months to capture the one castle of Boulogne. So he returned home that autumn, set his spin doctors to work, and had to devalue the currency and sell most of the royal properties he had recently taken from the Church, to try and balance the books. The expedition was ultimately futile because England could not afford the continued expense of holding Boulogne against the encircling French. And when the French sent a revenge expedition the next year, we lost the "Mary Rose" which capsized at Portsmouth, and we would have been invaded if the Isle of Wight militia had not fought like tigers and the French fleet had not suffered a sudden epidemic and gone back home!
Just in case you were interested!! Francis
Cheryl Cudney says:
I acquired a large silver plate antique serving tray with the armored fist and broken sword. I wondered if some organization used it for a symbol or if it is a family thing. Fascinating history ~ so glad I found it ! Cheryl
Gordon Timmins says:
The Achievement for Philip was to have a royal lion on his coat of arms and not the broken sword
Do you have any information on Francis Chute the author?
Hi Gordon: only that he wrote 'The Chutes Of The Vyne' – why do you ask?
I was surprised That Francis Chute had not mentioned about the royal lion in the left hand corner of Philip Chute coat of arms.
The crest of the Chutes is the broken sword and it is mentioned as the crest of the Chutes in Burkes Armorial from earl times befoer Philip
Dear Gordon,
You are quite right that the canton with the lion of England over the Tudor colours was the prestigious public award which the king granted to Philip. All I was writing in this column was a brief answer to Kate's notes up to Jan 14th.
In my 50-page biog of Philip I make the point that the College of Arms have no record of any Chute armorial before a mid-16thC Visitation, so that the claim in Hasted's History of Kent (18thC) that the canton was an augmentation to the family's "auncient" armorial is unsupportable. Burke's (1820+) were merely accepting as true the legendary Bethersden Chute Heraldic Roll which traces the armorial back to a putative 13thC Alexander Chute of Taunton; Burke's have normally swallowed whole each family's version of its ancestry.
Alas I have shown that that Heraldic Roll (original now in Hampshire County Record Office, Winchester) is chock-full of errors, having been compiled around 1695 by a later Chute, newly-baronetted, who wanted to display an ancient lineage when he entered Parliament; he employed many short cuts in reconstructing his supposed ancestry. ( I didn't enjoy demolishing a longstanding family legend, but one has to be objective when so much documentary evidence is pouring out of Internet. You won't find any Chute in Taunton records before 1496, and then only the names of small-farmer Chutes fined for supporting the Young Pretender Perkin Warbeck!)
I deduce that the underlying armorial of 3-swords barwise etc. with canton superimposed, and the crest of a mailed fist grasping a broken dagger, all date from after 1544. Whether the basic armorial had to be gazetted first, so that the canton could be added, is not on record. Also, whether the breakage of the dagger was code for actual military engagement, or carried a further implication that Philip felt aggrieved at e.g. not being knighted despite saving Henry's life, is up for guesswork !
Hello Frances: thank you so much for coming along to leave such rich information. Most valuable to all of us who follow the comment line!
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Due to the tragic death of our own Cassidy Meadows, tomorrow's service will not be the one scheduled. Instead, we will be having a service of readings, contemplative music, and reflection, with time for comments. Diana Jordan Allende, our minister emerita has graciously and lovingly … read more.
Today's service will include a recognition of new members and the annual congregational meeting. Join in and make your voice heard!


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American / horror / mystery / reviews / thrillers
HIDE AND SEEK (2021) Reviews of mystery horror with clips
22 October, 2021 13 March, 2022
'Your obsessions can destroy you'
Hide and Seek is a 2021 American mystery horror-thriller film about a wealthy businessman trying to find his missing brother; he discovers a twisted underworld of squatters and vagrants…
Written and directed by Joel David Moore (Spiral; Youth in Oregon), based on the Korean 2013 film Sum-bakk-og-jil aka Hide and Seek. Produced by Declan Baldwin, Francis Chung and Tae-sung Jeong.
The Big Indie Pictures-CJ Entertainment co-production stars Jonathan Rhys Meyers, Jacinda Barrett, Sue Jean Kim, Mustafa Shakir and Joe Pantoliano.
After the death of his wealthy father, Noah seeks his outcast brother to make amends and share the family fortune. However, the family harbours a dark secret and a series of cryptic clues will lead Noah on a terrifying trail to the truth that threatens to tear him apart from the ones he loves the most…
" …there is truly no need for this film when the original was so good—and it remains widely available […] Whereas Huh's film was creepy and intense, in ways that facilitated the suspension of disbelief, the remake looks and feels bogus and lifeless. Not recommended…" J.B. Spins
"Even if it fails to go the extra mile, the lead character played by Jonathan Rhys Meyers is compelling at least. The recurring nightmares, however, quickly grow stale. Once the script puts children in peril, it soars to thrilling highs that are unparalleled in the first two acts. Hide and Seek had a long way to go in terms of being an actual good thriller, but the fumbling of the killer's unmasking makes the conclusion into a feature difficult to recommend." Josh at the Movies
"Rife with great performances and unexpected twists, Hide and Seek is anything but a by-the-numbers remake. Instead, it employs the spirit of Korean horror cinema to view American culture from a new perspective. In this way, it is not only an entertaining and scary film but also an important one." Rue Morgue
In the US, Saban Films will release Hide and Seek theatrically in select locations on On-Demand on November 19th, 2021.
Trailer for 2013 Korean original:
Tagged2021hide and seekhorrorJacinda BarrettJoe PantolianoJoel David MooreJonathan Rhys Meyersmysteryremake of Korean filmreviewreviewsSue Jean Kimtrailer
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Home News General Iran's 1979 Hostage-Takers Have Powerful Positions in the Regime
Iran's 1979 Hostage-Takers Have Powerful Positions in the Regime
The hostage-takers went onto senior roles in the Iranian Regime, most famously former President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, and many were wrongly described as "moderates" by the West, despite their distinctly un-moderate actions. So, where are the hostage-takers today?
Masoumeh Ebtekar, the spokeswoman of the "Student followers of the line of the Imam", is now Iran's Vice President for women and family affairs. The woman is known as "Sister Mary", who defended the detention of the Americans, also served as Vice President and Head of the environmental preservation organization
Hossein Sheikholislam, a council member of the group and member of the team reviewing US embassy documents, is now an advisor to Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif. Sheikholislam previously served as Deputy for International Affairs to Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani, Deputy Foreign Minister for Political Affairs, Iran's Ambassador to Syria, an Iranian MP, and Deputy Foreign Minister for Middle Eastern affairs.
Mohammad-Ali (Aziz) Jafari, who was one of the plotters of the US embassy takeover, is currently in charge of the "Baqiollah Cultural and Social Headquarters" and was previously Commander of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).
Reza Seifollahi, who was a main plotter of the embassy takeover and member of the group's central council, has served as Political Deputy of the Secretariat of the Supreme National Security Council (SNSC), deputy coordinator of the regime's Expediency Council, the commander of IRGC Intelligence, first commander of the State Security Forces (SSF), and Deputy Interior Minister for Security Affairs.
Habibollah Bitaraf, who was also a main plotter of the embassy takeover and member of the group's central council, served as Iran's Energy Minister, the Governor of Yazd Province, and the Deputy Minister of Energy for Educational Affairs.
Hamid Abutalebi as Political Advisor to the President, but previously held the positions of Deputy Foreign Minister for political affairs, the regime's Ambassador to a number of Western countries including Italy, Belgium, Australia, and the European Union, General Manager of Political Affairs in the Foreign Ministry, and a member of Foreign Ministry's Strategic Council.
He was also involved in the 1993 assassination of the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) representative Mohammad-Hossein Naqdi in Italy.
IRGC Brigadier General Hossein Dehqan is now Advisor to the Supreme Leader on Defense Industries and Army Support, but previously served as Defense Minister, Vice President and chairman of the Shahid Foundation (Bonyad-e Shahid), Deputy Defense Minister, and Deputy Chief of the IRGC Air Force.
He joined the IRGC after the release of the hostages and was in Beirut during the attacks on the US embassy and Marine barracks.
IRGC Brigadier General Ezzatollah Zarghami served as head of the state Radio and Television Corporation.
Alireza Afshar is now head of the Supreme Delegation for the IRGC School of thought but previously served as Deputy Minister of Interior for Political and Social Affairs, Chief of the IRGC General Staff, Commander of the Basij Force, and Deputy Commander of the Armed Forces for Cultural Affairs.
Mohsen Aminzadeh served as Deputy Foreign Minister for Asian Affairs.
Hossein Sharifzadegan served as a member of "the Islamic partnership front" and General Manager of the Social Security Organization and Minister of Social Security.
Mohammad Mehdi Rahmati was in charge of the President's Office of Planning and Strategic Oversight.
Mohammdreza Behzadian-Nejad served as Deputy Interior Minister for Economic Affairs and head of the Commerce Office of Tehran.
The seizure of the US embassy marked the beginning of the regime's 40 years of hostage-taking; a policy that has continued ever since. Now, the Regime is proposing to do it again at the US embassy in Iraq. Hossein Shariatmadari, known at the Supreme Leader's representative in the Kayhan paper, wrote on October 30 that Iran-backed militias in Iraq should take over the US Embassy.
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DHS Study: Economics, Not Violence or Climate, Drive Migration
Posted on June 22, 2021 June 22, 2021 by Joe Guzzardi
The University of Houston's Borders, Trade, and Immigration Institute (BTI), a Department of Homeland Security Center of Excellence unit, describes itself as a "a multi-disciplinary team of national and international experts" that works to create "technology-driven solutions, data-informed policies, workforce development opportunities … and trans-disciplinary education."
In accordance with its mission to secure U.S. borders, facilitate legitimate trade and travel, and ensure immigration integrity, BTI released its report titled, "Economic Motivations of Migrants from the Northern Triangle." BTI's findings would have been valuable to Vice President Kamala Harris prior to her failed trip to Guatemala and Mexico to discuss migration's root causes, and could have saved her the time, trouble and embarrassment. Based on BTI's biannual surveys, researchers learned that, overwhelmingly, migrants left their home countries for economic reasons. The causes that the immigration lobby, congressional advocates and refugee resettlement groups most often cite, violence and natural disasters, barely register, if at all. Family reunification ranks second as a pull factor, but significantly behind economics.
When BTI asked Salvadorans, Guatemalans and Hondurans to identify the specific cause that prompted them to leave their home countries, 68 percent, 92 percent and 83 percent, respectively, named lack of employment or poor economic conditions. Only in El Salvador did violence register at 19 percent. Natural disasters scored 0 percent across the board.
As for the mainstream media's unfounded claim that fear of violence is the Northern Triangle's biggest push factor, BTI's findings repudiated that falsehood. Asked if in the 12 months leading up to migrating, the surveyed person or any family member had actually been a victim of robbery or assault, threats or extortion, intimidation by gangs or criminal groups, religious or political persecution, domestic or family violence, conflicts with another person, homicide of a relative or an acquaintance, or violence in the local community, by a huge margin, often as high as 100 percent, the replies were "no."
BTI found that for Northern Triangle migrants, U.S. employment increases their incomes ten-fold, an irresistible pull factor. Economics are the key, not only to the Northern Triangle job-seeking aliens, but also to the countries that they leave behind that are increasingly remittance-dependent, especially after the steep decline in monies sent back home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through the first six months of 2020, remittances from El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala dropped 8 percent, 4.2 percent, and 0.9 percent, respectively, or $219 million, $108 million and $47 million. These totals represent the largest percentage decline since 2009's first six months when the Great Recession's effect was felt most severely.
Biden's critics are convinced that his administration has no interest in ending the illegal alien influx. Since Biden created the border surge, enforcement advocates are certain that he has little interest in ending the nation-busting problem, especially since an easy solution is readily at hand – E-Verify, the online program that would require employers to check their new hires' eligibility. Only U.S. citizens and lawfully present immigrants can keep the jobs that they had recently been hired to perform.
For 40 years, government officials have known that jobs are the core attraction not just for Northern Triangle migrants, but from those coming to the U.S. from across the globe. In 1981, the Select Commission on Immigration and Refugee Policy concluded in its final report that "All studies indicate that undocumented/illegal aliens are attracted to this country by U.S. employment opportunities." The New York Times followed up with an Op-Ed that powerfully reinforced the commission's findings. The Times wrote that the best illegal immigration deterrent is to "make it harder for them [migrants] to get the jobs that lure them." In turn, continued The Times, the most efficient way to achieve that goal "is to make it illegal for employers to hire them…. Without effective verification, there can be no effective enforcement of the borders."
Since 1996, a full quarter of a century, Congress has half-heartedly kicked around various versions of E-Verify. None proved acceptable, and the program has never been nationally mandated, a remarkable disregard for national sovereignty and an insult to American workers. Pre-pandemic, U.S. workers had been displaced by about 8 million illegal immigrants of its total 12 million estimated population in nonfarm administrative, construction, manufacturing, leisure and health care jobs. As of 2020, more than 967,000 employers use E-Verify at more than 2.4 million worksites, with 1,500 new participating companies added weekly. Somehow, and to America's detriment, E-Verify's free cost, simplicity and its success have left Congress unswayed.
This entry was posted in Immigration Issues and tagged Biden, DHS, e-verify, Harris, Northern Triangle countries, U.S. Border.
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When it comes to active adult communities in Nevada, Las Vegas is not the only option. 450 miles northwest of the glamour and glitz of Las Vegas is Reno. In stark contrast to the desert area surrounding Las Vegas retirement communities, Reno is a lush playground surrounded by mountains, which offer abundant outdoor recreational opportunities such as hiking, mountain biking and snow skiing. Plus, the town of Reno and its many festivals has much to offer for older adults who are looking for active retirement living options. As more and more retirees flock to Reno, Del Webb's Sierra Canyon has emerged as a favorite community among 55 and older homebuyers.
Is Pickleball Becoming More Popular Than Shuffleboard?
Goodbye shuffleboard, hello pickleball! Shuffleboard, a once popular activity at retirement communities across the country now appears to be facing a retirement of its own. Active adult buyers are searching for communities that offer the latest innovative ways to stay youthful and active. Nowadays people not only live longer, but they also look younger as they seem to age slower. Active adult community developers understand this and accommodate their 55 and over residents with an appropriate lifestyle. Activities are no exception and pickleball is moving in, while shuffleboard is on its way out.
While San Diego, California may be thought of as a surfer's paradise and unaffordable at one time with average homes going for half a million dollars, it's time to rethink. Sunny days in San Diego during the wintertime and comfortable temperatures in the summer make the climate perfect for people 55 and over. While San Diego is known for eleven beaches with soft sand and excellent surf conditions, there is much more to do than boating, fishing, and surfing. Numerous golf courses and over 50 recreation centers cater to people from all age groups and income levels. San Diego also has the largest aquatic park on the West Coast, Mission Bay Park.
According to a new report by the AARP, Tucson, Arizona is the "Best Place to Live the Simple Life." Demographers used statistics from the U.S. Census Bureau and other sources to evaluate towns and cities on a variety of criteria such as a low cost of living, geographic diversity, and cities that offered a wide range of activities. The study also took into account the presence of a university or continuing education opportunities, and crime rate. Tucson was an ideal fit based on a number of factors that included a low rate of unemployment, "walkability" and many outdoor amenities. The University of Arizona was also a contributing factor that helped lift Tucson to the top of the list.
Will Baby Boomers Move When They Retire?
Baby Boomers make up 28% of the population in the United States. Over 76 million Americans were born between 1946 and 1964, and statisticians believe that this generation will live seven years longer than previous ones. Because of the size of this generation of Americans, their spending power has always swayed the national economy. As Boomers begin to retire, cities and active adult communities that house them will experience growth.
Pulte Homes, owners of the Del Webb brand of homes, recently purchased an unfinished retirement community near Tucson, Arizona from K. Hovnanian Homes (KHOV), for $8 million cash. Four Seasons at Rancho Del Lago in Vail, AZ will be known as Del Webb at Rancho Del Lago, as Pulte Homes takes over ownership. K. Hovnanian, who is the sixth largest builder in the nation, began the project in February 2008. They planned to build a total of 500 homes priced from the upper $100s. After only completing 35 homes, construction by KHOV halted due to the real estate downturn in Tucson and around the nation.


text:
Published Sat, Aug 13, 2016
MALKIEWICZ, Joseph R. Sr.
MALKIEWICZ - Joseph R., Sr. August 12, 2016, beloved husband of 54 years to Carol (nee Skowron); dear father of Linda, Lori (Aurelio Jr.) Cortez, Karen (Ryan) Murphy and the late Joseph R. Jr. (Cindy); loving grandfather of seven grandchildren and five great-grandchildren. Visitation Sunday and Monday 3-7 PM at the PACER FUNERAL HOME, INC., 2275 George Urban Blvd. (two blocks east of Dick Rd.). Mass of Christian Burial at St. John Gualbert Church, corner of Gualbert and Doat Sts., Cheektowaga, Tuesday 10 AM. Please assemble at church. Joe was retired from Allied Chemical. In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to American Diabetes Association. Online condolences at
www.PACERFUNERALHOME.com.


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I am pulling up another past post form Red Letter Living that I wrote almost three years ago. At that time in my spiritual journey I was trying to decide where church doctrine and its creeds belonged in my faith. Needless to say this book by Harvey Cox did a lot to show me a different path on this topic and many others. When I came to realize just how much man had a hand in formalizing current Christian doctrine it convinced me that Christianity is an ever evolving process and is not to be paralyzed by some of the now outdated fourth and fifth century man-made worldviews.
Constantine, not Jesus, was the dominant figure at Nicaea, and it is hardly surprising that almost all the bishops, to the emperor's satisfaction, arrived at a nearly unanimous decision in his favor. Only Arius himself and three other stubbornly independent bishops withheld their approval. Constantine promptly exiled Arius to the remote province of Illyricum. Then, in a statement that suggests he had forgotten his previous view both that this was all a matter of small significance and that all the parties should show forbearance to one another, he decreed: If any treatise composed by Arius be discovered, let it be consigned to the flames…and if anyone shall be caught concealing a book by Arius, and does not instantly bring it out and burn it, the penalty shall be death; the criminal shall suffer punishment immediately after conviction.
But the emperor's draconian measures did not succeed. The historic Council of Nicaea, as an effort to unify the church and the empire by imposing a creed, proved a dismal failure. Within months arguments flared up again. One of the bishops who had attended the Nicaea council and had not supported the final decision, Hilary of Poitiers (d. ca. 367), found himself banished to Asia. No doubt his experience tinctured his opinion of councils and creeds, but a letter he wrote from his place of exile at the time pinpoints how little the Council of Nicaea had accomplished and what a debacle it had been. Hilary says: It is a thing equally deplorable and dangerous that there are as many creeds as opinions among men, as many doctrines because we make creeds arbitrarily and explain their inclinations…arbitrarily…every year, nay every moon we make a new creed and describe invisible mysteries. We repent what we have done. We defend those who repent. We anathematize those whom we defended. We condemn either the doctrine of others in ourselves, or our own in that of others; and reciprocally tearing one another to pieces, we have been the cause of each other's ruin.


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Women in the Western Balkans, a region of Europe comprising former Yugoslavia and its neighbours, have changed…
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Travelling on business? Need Internet access?
Traveling on business ? Need Internet access?
Today in this technology and internet savvy world you may find out that you will have multiple choices of Internet Access Providers to choose from.
As technology and competition evolves, it is important to stay up to date with options and trends. For businesses this may be a very important decision because today many businesses depend on internet access for communications and it can be quite a challenge when deciding which Internet provider offers the best Internet service needed for your operations.
Although you can easily shop around online, how do you know for sure you are choosing the right Internet service provider? Do they have a professional technical support team? Will they respond promptly when problems arise with your Internet service? These are important questions to ask when searching for a local Internet service. If you're searching for the right Internet service provider, here are some important points to consider.
Step 1 - Find out who the local Providers are.
You can find a local internet service provider for your home or business by asking family members, neighbors or by searching online. The key is finding a reliable service provider. If you search online, you can browse through your local Internet provider's website and see what type of Internet service they offer. If they are local they are more likely to have an increase in support personnel and will more likely be able to respond to issues if they arise much quicker.
Step 2 - Determine their Network Access Ability.
Before choosing an Internet provider, make sure you ask about their Network Access Ability. Do they offer Cable, DSL, T1, T3, Ethernet or Fiber Optic's? Here's a quick description of each.
Cable or DSL: A high-speed Internet service that operates over telephone lines or cable service. Typically lower cost and reasonable download speeds, however is more suited towards residential customers who mostly download and can be limiting when trying to upload. Upload speeds or sending information will be limited depending on the connection method and distance from the ISP's POP (point of presence). DSL is distance sensitive, so the further you are away from the ISP's POP the slower the DSL speed will be. Cable and DSL are not available in all areas and certain areas can have patchy speeds and performance so you should ask around for recommendations. Cable & DSL require basic configuration and typically includes hardware/routers which can also be purchase from $50 or more at a local computer store. Cable & DSL commonly come with a dynamic IP (not static) so if you require a static IP, you may be required to purchase them. At this time, DSL & Cable do not carry guarantees so you have to cross your fingers with the performance and uptime.
T1: Commonly used by USA businesses. T1 provides businesses with a very dependable phone line and/or Internet connection. It is a dedicated connection between your business and the ISP's nearest POP (point of presence) and is not shared by anyone else. It carries much faster up/down speeds starting at 1.544Mbps and can be bonded with other T1's to provide more uptime with speeds up to 10Mbps or if voice 24 trunks for each T1. One major benefit of T1 is that it carries a guarantee quality, upload and download speed through what is called an SLA (Service Level Agreement). Equipment is typically provided, however you should confirm this as because of the higher throughput speeds T1 requires higher performing routers and configuration and T1 routers run from $800+. T1 includes static IP's; however some provider's charge for additional static IP's so factor this into the cost of the T1 when making a decision. T1 is available in all areas and costs run from $250-$800+ for monthly service on each T1 depending on the circuit speed and geographical location.
T3: Commonly used by USA businesses. T1 provides businesses with a very dependable phone line and/or Internet connection. It is a dedicated connection between your business and the ISP's nearest POP (point of presence) and is not shared by anyone else. It carries much faster up/down speeds starting at 1.544Mbps and can be bonded with other T1's to provide more uptime with speeds up to 10Mbps or if voice 24 trunks for each T1. One major benefit of T1 is that it carries a guarantee quality, upload and download speed through what is called an SLA (Service Level Agreement). Equipment is typically provided, however you should confirm this as because of the higher throughput speeds T1 requires higher performing routers and configuration and T1 routers run from $800+. T1 includes static IP's; however some provider's charge for additional static IP's so factor this into the cost of the T1 when making a decision. T1 is available in all areas and costs run from $250-$800+ for monthly service on each T1 depending on the circuit speed and geographical location.
Ethernet Internet: This type of network access utilizes Ethernet LAN cards off the ISP's POP switch. The cards have speeds up to 100 Mbps. However the speed is determined by network type and distance from the ISP's Ethernet equipment. Speeds for businesses start at 3Mbps up to 100Mbps. The fastest Ethernet reaches Gbps. In speed, one Gbps is equal to 1000 Mbps. Ethernet Internet is not available in all area's as it requires a central office/POP to be Ethernet equipped. Like T1 & T3, Ethernet guarantees quality, upload and download performance through what is called an SLA (Service Level Agreement) and includes static IP's. Providers may charge for additional static IP's and hardware. You should consult your provider as the hardware as this can be very costly from $5000+ due to the higher throughput and performance requirements. Costs for Ethernet Internet run from $400 for monthly service and up depending on speed, delivery type (EOC, Cat5, Cat6 and Fiber) and distance from the ISP's equipment.
Fiber Optic: This consists of plastic or glass threads to transmit information (data). Information is transmitted digitally and has a much higher bandwidth capacity which is virtually unlimited when comparing to metal cables. Fiber optics uses newer technology and must be installed by specialist technicians as bad connections will result in dropped packets (packet loss) and slower bandwidth speeds due to installation errors. Fiber Optics is not available in all areas as it requires costly fiber installations, permits and equipment. Like T1 & T3 & Ethernet, Fiber guarantees quality, upload and download performance through what is called an SLA (Service Level Agreement) and includes static IP's. Providers may charge for additional static IP's and hardware. You should consult your provider as the hardware as this can be very costly from $10000+ due to the higher throughput and performance requirements. Costs for business Fiber Internet run from $100+ for monthly service and up depending on speed, carrier and distance from providers POP.
Step 3 - Check the Providers SLA's (Service Level Agreements).
A quality Internet Service Provider should be able to provide customers with a high level of performance and reliability. If you are looking for a reliable and fast internet connection it is a good idea to make it mandatory to require a SLA and avoid any company that does not offer an industry standard SLA because you could run the risk of experiencing slow speeds and frequent outages. These day's businesses rely heavily on the internet for productivity and communications to sustain business and having downtime can cost you money.
Step 4 - Check to See If They Provide Online Tools.
As more people are working and using the Internet, companies are now utilizing online tools to measure the internet performance. Any legitimate Internet provider will use the Internet to help the consumer communicate with the provider and offer technology to help the user receive everything they can out of the service they provide. Common online tools are performance monitoring, web statistics, network ping systems, online ticketing systems and other network or web statistics.
Step 5 - Beware of Low Pricing.
Often times many upstart Internet service providers will offer lower pricing than your local Internet provider. Unfortunately, many of these fly-by-night competitors have folded due to bad business practices. Remember, just because an Internet provider advertises the cheapest prices in the industry doesn't mean they provide the best value. Many people have been swindled over short-term bargains. The unfortunate consumer discovers few months down the line that their Internet service actually cost them more money. It is better to choose a provider who has been in business for 5+ years, has a good and diverse list of customers and offers competitive rates. At least you're guaranteed quality Internet service.
Step 6 - Check their References.
Verify the Internet provider's references before making a commitment. A legitimate service provider will have no problem offering their references to new customers. You can take it one step further and check the Better Business Bureau online to see if the company has any unresolved complaints from unsatisfied customers. You can also do a quick Google search of the Internet provider and see if there are any customer complaints or negative reviews posted on the web.
Step 7 - Find out if they Offer Professional Customer Support?
Technical problems with an Internet service happen. Regardless of whether you have DSL, T1, T3, Ethernet or Fiber Optics, at some point in time you may be required to contact technical support. An Internet service provider should be able to offer their customers quality technical support for free. In addition, a provider should be able to offer their customers free email accounts as well. Every Internet provider should offer their customers a well-trained team of customer support representatives who are qualified to support the services the providers provide.
Step 8 - Find out if they Provide Discounts and Special Promotions?
One benefit of being a new subscriber is that many local Internet access providers offer special promotions and discounts for first-time subscribers. Choose a couple of local Internet providers and compare the services they offer and see if they match with your needs. Then compare their rates before making a final decision.
In conclusion, a company that values their customers values their employees as well. They will provide their employees with proper training in order to handle customer inquiries in a professional manner. When searching for an Internet access provider, a good way to tell if you are choosing the right Internet company is to see if you have a good rapport with the representative when you first contact the company by phone.
The representative should not only be polite, they should also be able to answer your questions in a clear and concise manner. A sales team that is only interested in your sale and not willing to answer any of your questions in a polite and professional manner is an Internet service provider you should stay far away from.
As you can see , finding a good Internet Access Provider is not complicated after all.
Tony Williams is a business communications consultant and the president at Global IT Communications and InternetT1.com, a full service ISP (Internet Service Provider) specializing in Business Communications, Dedicated Internet Access and developing online business. Please visit their websites to learn more about how they can improve the growth and service of your business.


You are here: Home > Misc Install Parts > 10mm Red Silicone Boost/Vacuum Hose Per Ft.
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Thank you for requesting pricing for our services.
Because each project is unique and has different goals and requirements we would love to put together a custom proposal for you that will be based on one of the 4 packages below. Don't feel like you have to conform to one of those packages. If you need something completely different please let us know and we will work with your requirements.
Please contact us if you have any questions or would like to start a custom quote. You can call us at (509)954-0795 during normal business hours (M-F 8-5) or fill out a form at the bottom of this page.
We offer 4 web design packages as guidelines for our pricing. Your specific project is unique so we will create a custom quote for you that will be based on your project requirements.
Example: Website containing 5 pages (Homepage, Services Page, Blog Page, About Us Page, Contact Us Page) will cost $1800.
Example: Website containing 5 pages (Homepage, Services Ppage, Blog Page, About Us Page, Contact Us Page) will cost $2800.
Example: Website containing 5 pages (Homepage, Services Page, Blog Page, About Us Page, Contact Us Page) will cost $6800.


Irving Berlin, one of the most famous songwriters and American immigrants in history, was the focus of a special Mormon Tabernacle Choir concert and broadcast presented during the RootsTech 2013 Family History and Technology Conference.
With RootsTech attendees as specially invited guests, the concert featured four selections, including, of course, "God Bless America," arguably the best-remembered of Mr. Berlin's tunes.
The program was video-recorded for delayed broadcast on Saturday, March 23, to 16 locations in seven countries as part of the RootsTech conference Internet streaming.
Elder Allen F. Packer of the Seventy, executive director of the Family History Department, gave remarks during the program in which he cited research showing that knowing more about family history is the single biggest predictor of a child's emotional well-being.
"When in 1920, Irving Berlin wrote of America as a 'land that I love,' he reminded us that wherever we live today, the land where we live is the land that we come to love," he said. "And when many of our ancestors have come from other places, those places become lands that we yearn to know about and love."
Noting the success of last year's FamilySearch-directed volunteer project to index the 1940 U.S. Census — completed in four months though expected to take a year — Elder Packer extended an invitation for listeners to become involved in the immigration indexing project.
"Seventy-one percent of all immigrants to the United States from 1892 to 1954 entered through the port of New York," he said. "There are close to 100 million records from all the major ports during that time which need to be indexed. … So far, 120,000 volunteers have helped to index the records.
"But we still need lots of help. We invite you to join the cause to help remember the millions of others who, like Irving Berlin, came to America."
A pre-recorded segment during the program included the re-enacted words of immigrants, including one who said, "I came to America, because I heard the streets were paved with gold. When I got here, I found out three things: First, the streets weren't paved with gold; second, they weren't paved at all; and third, I was expected to pave them."
It touched on the life of Mr. Berlin, a Jewish immigrant born in Belarus in 1888 as Israel Baelin, who came to the United States with his parents and five siblings in 1893 at age 5. He made his mark on New York's Tin Pan Alley and later on Broadway beginning in 1911 with the hit song "Alexander's Ragtime Band."
"I used to ask my father, what was it like being poor," daughter Mary Ellen said in the recorded segment. "He looked at me and would say, 'What is being poor? It was what I knew.'"
She noted that the song lyrics say, "God Bless America, land that I love," not "we love."
"It was a very personal song to him, because … this country allowed him to become what he became, a great songwriter. So his gratitude to America was enormous, and it was his 'home, sweet home,'" she said.
The segment also featured a video clip from the "Ed Sullivan Show" on television featuring Mr. Berlin on his 80th birthday singing "God Bless America." That was followed by the choir's live performance of the song.
At the RootsTech "Blogger's Dinner" the night before the conference opened, FamilySearch global marketing director Shipley Munson shared some details about "God Bless America" that could not be included in the concert due to time constraints.
"It's expensive to sing that song," said Brother Munson, himself a member of the choir. "But the proceeds do not go to the heirs of Irving Berlin."
The song was made public on Nov. 11, 1938, the 20th anniversary of the World War I armistice; since that date, all the proceeds from royalties have gone equally to the Boy Scouts of America and Girl Scouts of America, he said.
"About two weeks before the performance, Kate Smith called up Mr. Berlin — they did have phones then — and said. 'I need a patriotic song.' And he had one in his drawer; he'd had it for 20 years."
Mr. Berlin's family had escaped Czarist oppression, and he was very worried about events in Europe, Brother Munson related. "So he added a verse: 'When the storm clouds gather far across the sea, Let us all be grateful for a land that's free. Let us pledge allegiance to a land so fair. Let us raise our voices in a solemn prayer.'"
The prayer was "God bless America, land that I love."


Common land located in Westbury-on-Severn, Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire.
On Severn Flood Plain N of Claxhill, 9.5 km WSW of Gloucester.
Disputed but objection withdrawn. There is one claim to aright of access over this unit.
Owned jointly by four private owners, on behalf of the Walmore CommonTrustees.