The heat is merciless among the barren hills of the Judaean desert near the shore of the Dead Sea.
But it's mercifully cool inside the cave where Randall Price lies on his stomach, staring at the crevice where just yesterday he discovered a 2,000-year-old bronze cooking pot.
Anyone who's heard of these famed caves near the ancient Jewish settlement of Qumran knows what mother lode Price has in mind. In 1947 young Bedouin goat herders peered into a nearby cavern and made one of the biggest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century: seven rolled parchments covered in ancient Hebrew script, the first of the famous Dead Sea Scrolls. Members of the separatist Qumran sect likely stashed the scrolls in the cave around A.D. 70, as Roman troops closed in to crush the First Jewish Revolt. Hundreds more scrolls eventually would come to light. Dating as far back as the third century B.C., they are the oldest biblical texts ever found.
The Qumran caves are in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, and many people consider Price's work illegal under international law. But that hasn't dissuaded him or the dig's Israeli director, Oren Gutfeld of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, from pursuing a research agenda derived from an earlier, equally controversial exercise.
Two years ago, during their initial probe of Cave 53, the archaeologists discovered a small roll of blank parchment and broken storage jars—tantalizing evidence that the cavern might have housed scrolls. Today, after nearly three weeks of digging, their finds are arrayed across a folding table outside the cave. They include Neolithic arrowheads, an obsidian blade from Anatolia, and the bronze cooking pot. But no scrolls. And so the digging continues.
Dominican Father Jean-Michel de Tarragon studies archival photographs at the French École Biblique in Jerusalem. Its scholars led the search for the Dead Sea Scrolls, the oldest biblical texts ever discovered.
At the Dominican École Biblique in Jerusalem, Father Jean-Michel de Tarragon's office is packed with a collection of glass-plate negatives covering research in the Holy Land from 1890 to the Qumran excavations in 1953. He's in the process of transferring them all to preservation-friendly, acid-free envelopes and boxes.
Pnina Shor, curator and head of the Israel Antiquities Authority Dead Sea Scrolls Conservation Laboratory in Jerusalem, spends her days surrounded by detailed images of the scrolls, as she and her team work to conserve and digitize the many thousands of yet undeciphered delicate fragments.
People of many faiths venerate religious relics. But for those who believe that God speaks through words written down by prophets and apostles in past ages, ancient texts are foundational to their faith. From artfully adorned medieval manuscripts to humble fragments of papyrus, revered texts represent tangible links to God's appointed messengers, whether Muhammad, Moses, or Jesus Christ.
Reverence for holy writ is integral to the faith of evangelical Christians, who have become a driving force behind the search for long-lost biblical texts in desert caves, remote monasteries, and Middle Eastern antiquities markets. Critics say that the evangelical appetite for artifacts is fueling demand for looted objects—a charge borne out to some degree by recent investigations and by reports from legitimate dealers.
Whatever their religious commitments, wealthy collectors and deep-pocketed benefactors have long played a supporting role in the search for ancient exotica. Among those helping to underwrite Price and Gutfeld's Qumran expedition is a foundation established by Mark Lanier, a well-heeled Houston lawyer and avid collector of theological texts. Another archaeological dig, this one at Tel Shimron in Israel, is being supported by the new Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C. The museum's chairman, Steve Green, is president of the craft store giant Hobby Lobby and one of the biggest supporters of Christian causes in the United States. His enthusiasm for Bible hunting is unabashed.
"There's a lot to find out there—imagine how much more there could be," Green tells me when I meet him inside the gleaming, $500 million, 430,000-square-foot museum. "We're excited about turning over every rock." But as Green, a devout Southern Baptist, has come to learn firsthand, not everyone in the Bible-hunting business is a saint. Turning over rocks may uncover scrolls but also snakes.
Encountering serpents and other dangers—burning deserts, blinding sandstorms, armed bandits—went with the territory trodden by pioneering Bible hunters of the 19th and early 20th centuries. Egypt was among their favorite destinations; its dry climate is ideal for preserving fragile manuscripts. Many of the trailblazers were sturdy scholar-adventurers, and accounts of their travels and discoveries conjure up images from Raiders of the Lost Ark.
Take, for example, Konstantin von Tischendorf, a German scholar who in 1844 made a long, dangerous journey through Egypt's Sinai desert to the world's oldest continuously inhabited Christian monastery, St. Catherine's. There he encountered "the most precious biblical treasure in existence." It was a codex—an ancient text in book form instead of a scroll—dating to the mid-fourth century. Known today as the Codex Sinaiticus, it's one of the two oldest Christian Bibles surviving from antiquity, and the oldest complete copy of the New Testament.
The discovery made Tischendorf "the most famous and most infamous textual scholar in history," notes biographer Stanley Porter. According to his own account of events, Tischendorf first spotted some pages from the codex in a basket of old parchment the monks planned to burn. He rescued the pages and requested permission to take the entire codex back to Europe for study. The monks, alerted to its value by the foreign scholar's excitement, would part with only a few dozen pages.
Tischendorf made the arduous trek back to St. Catherine's in 1853 but left with little to show for it. He returned a third and final time in 1859 after securing the sponsorship of the Russian tsar, considered the "defender and protector" of the Eastern Orthodox Church, to which the Sinai monastery belongs. This time Tischendorf's doggedness paid off. After signing a pledge to return the codex once he'd made exact copies, he delivered it to his royal patron in St. Petersburg.
Jews and Christians share many sacred writings, but Jews don't regard the New Testament as Scripture. Neither Jews nor Protestants recognize the books of the Apocrypha as Scripture.
The 24 books of the Hebrew Bible are rearranged in Christian Old Testaments.
Protestants, Roman Catholics, and the Eastern Orthodox accept the same New Testament canon. Other Orthodox sects may use a slightly different order or selection of books.
Protestants recognize the books of the Apocrypha as Scripture.
From there the chain of events becomes tangled in controversy and accusations of imperialist power plays. The monks eventually "donated" the codex to the tsar, but whether they did so willingly or under pressure is still debated. In any event, the priceless Bible remained in St. Petersburg until 1933, when Joseph Stalin's government, facing financial crisis and famine, sold it to the British Museum for the equivalent of nearly half a million U.S. dollars.
Tischendorf wasn't the first manuscript hunter to visit the remote monastery at the foot of Mount Sinai, nor would he be the last. Those who followed in his steps included Agnes Smith Lewis and Margaret Dunlop Gibson, Scottish twins and self-taught scholars who between them mastered some dozen languages. In 1892 the plucky Presbyterian sisters, both middle-aged widows by then, crossed the Egyptian desert on camelback and arrived at St. Catherine's. They'd been tipped off that works in ancient Syriac—a dialect of Aramaic, a language Jesus spoke—were stashed in a dark closet. The sisters were eager to investigate.
With the monks' permission, they examined several volumes, including a dirt-encrusted codex that hadn't been cracked open for decades, perhaps centuries. Using their camp kettle to steam the grimy pages apart, they found that it was a biography of female saints dated A.D. 778. Then sharp-eyed Lewis noticed a faint underwriting beneath the top layer of text and realized that it was a palimpsest—a manuscript that had been partially erased and reused. Studying the text beneath the text, she was staggered to see that it was a translation of the four Gospels. Dating roughly to the early 400s, the Codex Sinaiticus Syriacus, as it's known today, is one of the oldest copies of the Gospels ever discovered.
Rather than try to "borrow" the Syriac codex—which remains at St. Catherine's to this day—the sisters took photographs of each page with a camera they'd brought along to document their discoveries. They also used a chemical solution in a successful attempt to enhance the faded undertext of the palimpsest. Their work anticipated by more than a century the use of multispectral imaging and other technologies to reveal ancient biblical texts hidden beneath more recent writing.
The remarkable manuscripts brought to the world's attention by Tischendorf and the Scottish sisters were made of costly parchment or vellum. But the vast majority of texts from Christianity's earliest centuries were written on papyrus, the paper of the ancient world.
Conservator Emma Nichols examines a Hebrew text at the Cambridge University Library, which houses some 200,000 Jewish manuscripts discovered at a medieval synagogue in Cairo.
At the Cambridge University Library's Digital Content Unit, technicians Błażej Mikuła and Amélie Deblauwe position pages from a 10th-century Masoretic Hebrew Bible on a table in preparation for a high-resolution digital photograph. The unit's goal is to image all the library's content for the Cambridge Digital Library.
In 1896 Bernard Grenfell and Arthur Hunt, rookie archaeologists from Oxford University, were prospecting for artifacts at the long-buried Egyptian city of Oxyrhynchus when they made an extraordinary find: an ancient garbage dump filled with layer upon layer of papyri. Over the next decade Grenfell and Hunt dug through a papyrus-filled pit some 30 feet deep and shipped half a million documents back to Oxford. Researchers have been painstakingly piecing together the fragments ever since.
Most of the papyri are the prosaic paperwork of everyday life: bills, letters, tax assessments, a deed from the sale of a donkey. But about 10 percent of the hoard is literary, including bits of works by classical authors such as Homer, Sophocles, and Euripides. Some of the most dramatic finds—such as lost gospels that didn't make it into the New Testament—have shed light on the formative years of the Christian faith. And more than a century after their discovery, thousands of fragments have yet to be studied closely. How many revelations await in those many boxes of ancient trash is anyone's guess.
For cloak-and-dagger drama, the Dead Sea Scrolls trump all other biblical discoveries. According to one version of the story, the Bedouin goat herders sold the seven parchments they'd found to two antiquities dealers in Bethlehem. A scholar from Jerusalem acquired three of the scrolls following a clandestine meeting through a barbed wire fence. A dealer named Khalil Iskander Shahin, also known as Kando, sold the four remaining scrolls to a Syrian archbishop in Jerusalem, who reportedly paid the equivalent of $250. In 1949, spooked by the Arab-Israeli War, the bishop smuggled the scrolls to the United States in hopes of selling them to a museum or university. After getting no takers, he placed a classified ad in the Wall Street Journal on June 1, 1954. An Israeli archaeologist, working through an American intermediary, arranged to purchase the scrolls for the Israeli government for $250,000. All seven of the original scrolls now reside in their own wing of Israel's national museum in Jerusalem.
As word of the scrolls' discovery spread, a team led by archaeologist and Dominican priest Roland de Vaux descended on Qumran in 1949. By 1956 de Vaux and local Bedouin had found 10 more "scroll caves" containing scores of manuscripts, many of them disintegrated into thousands of fragments. It took decades for scholars, working in seclusion and secrecy, to reassemble and translate the tattered parchments. The long delay in publication spawned conspiracy theories that the powers that be—the pope? Zionists?—were deliberately suppressing the scrolls' contents.
Copied in Egypt and dated as early as the second century A.D., this papyrus fragment is among the oldest known surviving texts from the New Testament. Just a few lines in Greek from chapter 18 of the Gospel of John appear on each side.
Publication of the King James Bible in 1611 set the standard for English Scripture for some 300 years. This volume from the Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C., is one of only two surviving first editions of the King James Bible's New Testament.
The history of bible hunting is one not only of buried treasures but also of fool's gold. As archaeologists began excavating in the Qumran caves, other Bedouin did their own digging and sold what they found to Kando. His greatest purchase was the nearly 30-foot-long Temple Scroll, the longest of the Dead Sea Scrolls. In 1967, during the Arab-Israeli Six Day War, Israeli intelligence officers seized the Temple Scroll from Kando's home, claiming it as government property. After the incident Kando reportedly started furtively moving his remaining scroll fragments to relatives in Lebanon and later to a bank vault in Switzerland.
The merchant offers me more coffee, then fumbles through a ledger. "Here, you can see," he says, pointing to a notation that he had sold seven Dead Sea Scroll fragments to Green in May 2010.
When I visit the Museum of the Bible a day before its official opening, five scroll fragments are on display. I notice a sort of disclaimer accompanying the exhibit acknowledging that the fragments might be fakes. They've since received further testing, revealing that the fragments are probably modern forgeries.
One hundred tiny microform Bibles flew to the moon with astronaut Edgar Mitchell on Apollo 14 in 1971. The "lunar Bibles" were created by the Apollo Prayer League, NASA employees who prayed for the astronauts' safety. Later some were set in gold and sold to collectors.
Because the authentic Dead Sea Scrolls are "the most significant cultural treasure of a Jewish nature on Earth," as curator Adolfo Roitman puts it, the sacred documents are preserved with exquisite care. Meanwhile multitudes of other biblical manuscripts are left to molder in academic storerooms or be consumed by fire, flood, insects, looters, or war in countries wracked by political upheaval. Conserving and documenting them before their secrets slip away forever is "literally a race against time," says Daniel B. Wallace, head of the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts in Plano, Texas.
Wallace and other globe-trotting textual scholars—most notably the Benedictine monk Father Columba Stewart of the Hill Museum and Manuscript Library at Saint John's University in Minnesota—have logged tens of thousands of miles traveling the world on an urgent mission: to digitally document ancient biblical manuscripts in archives, monastic libraries, and other repositories and make them available to scholars everywhere via the internet. It's a daunting task. In the case of the New Testament, whose authors wrote in Greek, more than 5,500 Greek manuscripts and fragments have been found—more than any other ancient text. They total as many as 2.6 million pages, Wallace estimates, and like the Oxyrhynchus papyri, most of them have yet to receive scholarly attention.
You'd be forgiven for raising an awkward question at this point: Why does any of this matter? Why all the fuss about old Bibles and older scraps of Egyptian papyrus? For folks like Wallace, who teaches at an evangelical seminary, and Green, who has invested much of the family fortune in a world-class museum dedicated to the Bible, it boils down to this: Is their faith based on fact or fiction?
But how good is that evidence? Assuming for the moment that the God of the Bible actually exists and that he somehow spoke to the authors of the ancient biblical documents—do we have now what they wrote then? After all, none of their original writings, what scholars call the autographs, have been found. Their words survive only because they were hand copied countless times until the invention of the printing press in the 15th century. And even conservative scholars admit that no two copies are exactly alike.
When biblical artifacts flooded the market after the 2008 global financial crisis, Steve Green, founder and chairman of the Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C., went on a buying spree. He soon discovered the dark side of the antiquities trade, and paid three million dollars in a legal settlement for importing objects that experts said were likely looted from Iraq.
Few publishers would bet that such questions would produce a national best seller, but that's what happened in 2005 with the publication of the cleverly titled Misquoting Jesus: The Story Behind Who Changed the Bible and Why. The book's author, Bart Ehrman, argues that the "facts" about Jesus set forth in modern Bibles are based on centuries of copies, all of which say different things, so we may not know what the original texts actually said.
In person, the goateed evangelical turned atheist is even-tempered if subversively caustic. Over coffee near the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he's a professor of religious studies, Ehrman recites a host of scriptural passages that he views with scholarly suspicion. The last 12 verses of the Gospel of Mark, he says, were likely tacked on many years after the fact, as was the beginning of the Gospel of Luke, foreshadowing Jesus' birth in Bethlehem.
Many of Ehrman's assertions are debatable (literally so: he and Wallace have squared off in three public debates), but some scholars agree that Christian scribes deliberately corrupted certain passages over time. The question is one of degree.
The "earlier period" that Head refers to begins with the birth of Christianity in the first century A.D. and concludes in the early fourth century. And while it's true that more than 5,500 Greek New Testament manuscripts have been found, close to 95 percent of those copies come from the ninth to the 16th centuries. Only about 125 date back to the second or third centuries, and none to the first.
Rising from the dead at the command of Christ, Lazarus emerges from his tomb still wrapped in burial linen in this dramatization at the Holy Land Experience. The theme park, says its website, "brings the Bible to life."
Billing itself a "living biblical museum," the Holy Land Experience in Orlando features period reenactors and a replica of the Dead Sea Scrolls caves.
None of these figures rattle Ehrman's sparring partner Wallace, who considers Ehrman a friend and refers to him by his first name.
Wallace acknowledges that the thousands of New Testament manuscripts contain myriad differences owing to scribes' errors, but he argues that because scholars have such a wealth of texts to study and compare, they've been able to identify those errors and largely recover the original wording. He also points out that an important measure of the trustworthiness of any historical document is its nearness in time to the events it purports to record.
Still, the lack of Christian writings from the first century would seem to be a point in Ehrman's column—a point Wallace is eager to eliminate. Too eager, perhaps.
During a debate with Ehrman in February 2012, Wallace dropped a bombshell. A manuscript fragment of Mark's Gospel had recently been discovered that was authoritatively dated to the late first century—more than a century earlier than the oldest known text from the Book of Mark. It would be the only first-century New Testament document ever discovered, and the earliest surviving Christian text. A study of the ancient manuscript would likely be published in 2013, the Texas theologian said.
This fragment from the Gospel of Mark was rumored to be the only surviving Christian text from the first century, but a recently published study dates it to the late second or early third century. The partially preserved text, from Mark 1:7-9, is part of the Egypt Exploration Society's collection of papyri from Oxyrhynchus.
The Bible-hunting world went into hyperventilation over Wallace's disclosure. Who discovered the Mark manuscript? Where was it being kept? Was it on the market? How many millions would it cost to buy? But five years passed, and the document had yet to see the light of day.
I begin making calls in December 2017. A month later I show up at the Sackler Library on the campus of Oxford University, which houses the world's largest collection of ancient papyri. An Italian woman in a laboratory coat leads me through a secure area. She is Daniela Colomo, a research associate at Oxford and curator of the legendary Oxyrhynchus papyrus collection excavated by Grenfell and Hunt around the turn of the 20th century.
In marked contrast to the regal Oxford townscape, the papyrology room containing one of the most vital repositories of biblical texts is a chaotic, fluorescent-lit assemblage of strewn papers, mislaid coffee mugs, and low-tech microscopes. Colomo produces a piece of acid-free paper, folded in the manner of an envelope. A brownish fragment of papyrus, not much bigger than my thumb, lies in the middle. Squinting, hovering a foot above it, I can make out a series of scratches across the ancient scrap.
The buildup and subsequent letdown over the much touted Mark fragment have obscured the actual importance of the discovery. Only two other fragments of Mark from before A.D. 300 are known to exist. Colomo chalks up the frenzy to first-century fever among some researchers who dream of unearthing a Gospel or epistle penned by an Apostle.
Bibles like this appear in hotel drawers worldwide, placed there by a group called the Gideons International, self-described as "a body of believers dedicated to making the Word of God available to everyone." The organization of Christian businessmen has distributed more than two billion Bibles since 1908.
Randall Price, the Qumran excavator, is also having to come to terms with long odds. In all but the rarest cases, archaeological feats are measured in increments rather than mother lodes. His and Gutfeld's team of students, friends, and family members are wrapping things up in Cave 53 one morning in late January when a shout rings out. Price's wife, Beverlee, emerges from a natural chamber, not quite a cave itself, that the team discovered recently. In her hand is a clay object about two inches long.
Contributing writer Robert Draper reported on the surveillance boom in the February 2018 issue. Photographer Paolo Verzone is a three-time World Press Photo award winner.
This article was updated to correct an error. The 1993 Oslo accords provided a framework for transferring disputed territories to Palestinian control; they were not returned to Palestinian control.


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Photos of Dumbo Before It Was Dumbo
by Jeff Scherer
The Manhattan Bridge from Washington Street, 1908 and 2015.
We've been going through the Dumbo NYC archives, and one of our favorite features by far is Then And Now, a look at Dumbo, Brooklyn through the years. Looking at historical photos of the neighborhood, courtesy of the New York Public Library and the New York City Municipal Archives, you can see how much the neighborhood has changed over the years. (For that matter, you can see how much it's changed since DumboNYC started in 2006!)
Here are some of the best pics from our past posts in the Then And Now series… more to come in the near future! (more…)
Dumbo Then and Now: 100 Jay Street (Photos)
Note: We've been looking back thru the DumboNYC archive and unearthing some gems. We'll republish from time to time. Enjoy!
This post was originally published March 14, 2008.
Dumbo Then and Now: 68 Jay Street (Photos)
This post was originally published July 23, 2007.
It's been a while since I've posted "Dumbo Streetscapes Then and Now" photos. Here, we are looking north down Jay Street (towards Manhattan) from Front Street. Step outside to the right out of the York Street Station on the F train and this is the view you see. In the first photo, the 68 Jay Street building is front and center with a sliver of 20 Jay Street behind it and a faint view of the Empire State Building across the river. This 70 year photo (1937), by photographer, Percy Loomis Sperr, show the water towers on the 68 Jay Street building (currently removed, except for the base). On the right side of the photo, there are buildings which no longer exist. The Jehovah's Witness lot (85 Jay Street) currently occupies a parking lot there. On the back of the photo:
Jay Street, west side, north from a point south of Front Street, to the East River. In order, are the buildings occupied by the Grant Union Tea Co.; the John Maury Paint Co.; and the Arbuckle Bros. Coffee Co. In the background towering over Manhattan, is the Empire State Building. (March 9, 1937)
Dumbo Then and Now: Manhattan Bridge From Washington Street (1974)
[+] click for larger
We've done two similar versions (here and here) of this shot before, but a reader sent us his version of the view down Washington Street in Dumbo from 1974 vs today. The 1974 photo of course had no luxury loft buildings and was desolate (according to our artist friends who were here at the time). The streets were not maintained much, until the restoration of the Belgian blocks in June 2011.
Thank you Emery Wells for the photo submission.
{Dumbo Then and Now, series, DumboNYC}
Dumbo Then and Now: Manhattan Bridge Construction in 1908
The old photo above, courtesy of New York City Municipal Archives, from 1908 of Manhattan Bridge shows the bridge under construction. 870,000 photographs of New York and its municipal operations have been made public for the first time on the internet. The city Department of Records officially announced the debut of the photo database yesterday.
Above is one of the photos that was released (on Yahoo News):
"In this June 5, 1908 photo provided by the New York City Municipal Archives, the superstructure from the Manhattan Bridge rises above Washington Street in New York. Over 870,000 photos from an archive that exceeds 2.2 million images have been scanned and made available online, for the first time giving a global audience a view of a rich collection that documents life in New York City. (AP Photo/New York City Municipal Archives, Department of Bridges/Plant & Structures, Eugene de Salignac)"
Construction of the Manhattan Bridge started in 1901 and was open to traffic at the end of 1909. This view looking down Washington Street is a well known one. This 1908 photo also shows the buildings on Plymouth Street, which still stand today (left one is 30 Washington Street and right one is 25 Washington Street).
Here's another image of the photo from 1908, 1974, and 2009.
Dumbo Then and Now: Brooklyn Bridge in 1903
The high resolution photo, courtesy of Shorpy, from 1903 of Brooklyn Bridge is full of rich detail. The view of Brooklyn from the Manhattan side shows the Brooklyn shore between Navy Yards to Brooklyn Heights. Above is a detailed portion of the photo of what's now Dumbo. You'll see some Gair Buildings (one on Washington Street that says "Robert Gair: If it's made of paper we have it"), the 167 Sands Street building, which was completed in 1902, the Tobacco Warehouse, and the two and three story wood frame buildings where 1 Main Street now sits (built in 1916). Not pictured in the above detail, but is shown in the original photo is the Eagle Warehouse building, Old Fulton Street, and the original Fulton El Terminal (which was demolished, and now is Cadman Plaza) with trolleys crossing the bridge.
For the original full res photo, go to shorpy.com/Brooklyn_Bridge_1903?size=_original. What else do you recognize?
(via @joshderr)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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107.8 Radio Jackie - Bulletins aired each hour
Wimbledon RFC get a new head coach.
Wimbledon RFC have announced the former Harlequins coach, Collin Osborne, will be joining them for the next season.
He will direct the coaching of the senior men's teams and also support coaching of the women's team.
He was part of the Harlequins coaching team since 1996.
Wimbledon RFC is a community rugby team and its Chairman, John Woods, said Osborne is a 'proven winner and has consistently raised the
skills standards of the teams he has worked with.'
posted by Radio Jackie News Team @ 3:33 am
Top of Radio Jackie News page here.
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The Unlucky Flight of the Kalakala
One of the wonderful sights in the Puget Sound in the early twentieth century was the Art Deco sculpture-like passenger ferry, the Kalakala. The Kalakala sailed the waters of the Puget Sound between Bremerton and Seattle from the 1930s to the 1960s. She left the Sound in the 1960s, only to return like a ghost in the 1990s.
The Kalakala began its existence in 1927 San Francisco as the Peralta: a passenger and auto drive-on, drive-off ferry. It was open at both ends, and cars drove on board, headed to the far end of the ship, and parked.
When the ship docked, the cars simply drove off the front of the ferry, rather than backing off. To prevent sinking as the weight shifted with the cars, the Peralta had a series of trim tanks at either end, which acted as ballast. When the cars unloaded at one end, the tank at the other end filled with water, keeping the ferry on an even keel.
Some suspected from the beginning that the ferry was bad luck. During her launch, the Peralta got stuck in the launching ramp. To old salts, this was a sign that the ship was jinxed. And it seemed to follow on February 14, 1928, when the ferry crew filled the wrong trim tank. As the passengers unloaded, the docking end of the Peralta sunk. Waves swept over the landing ramp, and many passengers went overboard. Five people drowned.
Another disaster struck the ship the night of May 6, 1933. The Peralta was docked at the Oakland ferry terminal, which caught fire. The fire spread to the ferry, and by morning, the upper decks were burned and twisted. Only the hull remained intact beneath the waterline.
The Puget Sound Navigation Company bought the remains of the ferry for $10.00 and towed her to the Lake Washington shipyards, where they rebuilt the superstructure. And rather than just rebuild a functional ferry, they decided to incorporate Art Deco features and aerodynamic stylings into its design. A Boeing employee carved a wooden model that the shipwrights used as a template. They welded aluminum and steel plates together on the new superstructure and painted it silver. The end result looked like airplane without wings (or a giant floating toaster). Even the new name fit the design: Kalakala is from the Chinook language and means, "fast flying bird."
The Kalakala certainly seemed fly. She was the fastest ferry in the Puget Sound, making eight round trips between Bremerton and Seattle every day at a brisk eighteen knots an hour. It had room for 110 autos on her car deck. The remaining decks had room for 2,000 passengers. There were shower facilities for shipyard workers returning home, a lunch counter, three observation rooms, a sun deck and a ladies' lounge. It became a hot nightspot. The lunch counter catered parties and the observation deck became a ballroom.
Despite the ferry's rebirth, bad luck seemed to dog her new incarnation. The Kalakala's distinctive design had serious drawbacks. The crew in the pilothouse had a hard time seeing where she was going. She ran into other ships and the ferry docks several times over the years. And sadly, at least one woman committed suicide in the Ladies' Lounge.
Despite this, the Kalakala was a Seattle icon for decades, until she was simply too old to serve. Her engines needed an expensive overhaul, and by 1967, the increasing size of cars made it impossible to fit more than 60 cars on the car deck. At the same time, fewer passengers traveled on foot. The Kalakala's owners decided to sell her that year, and a fishing company bought her and towed her to Alaska. She spent over 30 years there as a floating fish processor and cannery.
In 1998, Seattle sculptor Peter Bevis and the Kalakala Alliance Foundation purchased the ferry and towed her to the Puget Sound. They had plans to restore her, but the Kalakala's bad luck seemed to follow, as the Foundation went bankrupt in 2003.
Even after a private buyer purchased her rusting bulk in 2004, she continued to be unlucky. She was towed to Neah Bay, where the Makah Indians had donated moorage, but she damaged one of their docks and they sued (but dropped it in 2006). Another buyer purchased her and she's been moored in Tacoma since October 2004.
Today, the Kalakala Alliance Foundation has plans to fully restore the Kalakala. They've obtained state and national historic registrations and created a new master plan that places her in a park called "Columbia Gardens," located in Tacoma. Perhaps the fast flying bird has really come home to roost this time.
Kalakala Ghosts
In 2001, Ross Allison, President of the Advanced Ghost Hunters of Seattle, Tacoma (AGHOST,) noticed the Kalakala, and contacted Peter Bevis. He asked if the ferry was haunted, and Bevis had a few tales to share with Allison, including a story from when the ferry was towed back to the Puget Sound in 1998.
The trip back took several days, and Bevis and several workmen he hired to help stayed on board during it. Bevis slept near the Ladies' Lounge. Several times, he heard women talking and laughing, which at first he attributed to a nearby cannery. One night he heard what sounded like three women talking as they walked along the companionway outside his quarters.
He put on his shoes, grabbed a flashlight and then followed the sounds of the conversation. He trailed the sound down the next two decks, catching up at the foot of a spiral staircase. He could hear women giggling there, but could not see anyone. Then, the sounds stopped abruptly.
Bevis thought this ghostly manifestation might have had something to do with a passenger from 1940 named Adelaide Bebb. She had recently lost her father and sister in a car crash, and was not married (practically a tragedy itself in those days). Unable to cope, she shot herself in the Ladies' Lounge.
In 2002, AGHOST and the Washington State Ghost Society toured the Kalakala with Bevis. Some of the sensitives in the group felt drawn to the Ladies' Lounge and a female psychic detected the spirit of a woman who did not like men.
Other investigators brought devices that measured electromagnetic energy, which detected energy readings in the Ladies' Lounge. The investigators set up motion detection sensors and energy detectors, connected to a computer that recorded all of the readings at the same time.
They left the Lounge and investigated other locations on the ferry, where they got more energy readings that coincided with the presence of the sad female spirit. When the psychic detected the spirit, the meters around her went off. As the technicians moved forward, the energy went down. The psychic moved, following the spirit, and the energy readings rose. The psychic suggested that the spirit moved away because the technicians were men, and she did not want them nearby.
When they returned to the Ladies' Lounge, they had surprising results. The motion detectors worked by emitting low-level noises that bounced off of the walls. If someone stepped in front of the emitter, the signal bounced back too soon, telling the computer something had stepped inside the room. The motion detectors spiked several times while the investigators were away. Oddly, the computer indicated one of the sounds took too long to bounce back from the wall. The only way this could have happened was if the walls of the Kalakala had moved further away from the sensor.
Ross Allison speculated that the sound emitted by the sensor may have traveled out to the wall and back, but passed through something that was not solid; something that slowed down the sound waves long enough to trip the sensors. Unfortunately, they were not able to return for more investigations.
Weird Washington


The movable partition screen products mainly serve the hotel banquet hall.Hotel private room,Company conference rooms, international conference halls, exhibition halls, museums, and other enterprises and institutions and large family living rooms.Currently,The product type independently developed by Fangchenggang Activity Screen is 65Type of active partition, 85 type movable partition, 100 type movable partition, ultra-high active partition, glass movable partition, trackless folding screen and high compartment 7 series products.
With its strong R&D, design and production capacity, the activity partition follows the pace of the interior decoration industry and the hotel industry, and customizes the activity partition suitable for its design style. At present, the common finishes are: melamine board, fire board, wallpaper, cloth soft bag, leather soft bag, cloth hard bag, leather hard bag, glass, mirror, veneer, etc., various styles, different styles, can meet different occasions Set requirements.
China Guangzhou Jingke Building Materials Co., Ltd. specializes in production activity partitions, activity screens, hotel partitions, restaurant folding screens, folding doors, mobile partition screens, restaurant moving partitions, box soundproof walls, hotel event doors, conference room activities, soundproof walls, banquet halls High-altitude partitions, high partitions in the exhibition hall, and sliding doors in the multi-purpose hall activities. The company is located in Dali Town, Foshan, China's aluminum capital, with existing plants and office areas.8000Around square meters, there are8Master owns12Years of experience in the production of partitions, the company introduced high-end German technical equipment, is a large-scale professional activity partition manufacturer in South China, with design from生产SalesConstruction to after-sales activity partition solution provider.


text:
CLS Holdings plc Company Snapshot
CLS Holdings plc operates in the Nonresidential building operators sector. In addition to historical fundamental analyses, the complete report available to purchase compares CLS Holdings plc with three other companies in this sector in the United Kingdom: Newriver Reit PLC (2018 sales of £111.19 million [US$144.97 million] of which 81% was Retail), RDI Reit PLC (£115.30 million [US$150.33 million] ), and Secure Income Reit Plc (£126.06 million [US$164.35 million] ).
Sales Analysis. CLS Holdings plc reported sales of £109.60 million (US$142.89 million) for the year ending December of 2018. This represents a sharp decrease of 30.1% versus 2017, when the company's sales were £156.80 million. Contributing to the drop in overall sales was the 74.9% decline in Equity Investment/ Other Investments, from £17.50 million to £4.40 million. . However, these declines were partially offset by the increase in sales of Investment Property (up 7.6% to £102.90 million) .
Current Price (1/17/2020): 285.00p
(Figures in Pounds Sterling)
1 Week 1.2% 13 Weeks -1.4%
4 Weeks 8.6% 52 Weeks 22.8%
CLS Holdings plc Key Data:
Ticker: CLI Country: United Kingdom
Exchanges: LON Major Industry: Real Estate
Sub Industry: Nonresidential Building Operators
Currency: Pounds Sterling Market Cap: 1,161,077,916
Fiscal Yr Ends: December Shares Outstanding: 407,395,760
Share Type: Ordinary Closely Held Shares: 239,106,343


text:
Q: Error from server (NotFound): error when creating rollout.yaml : the server could not find the requested resource (post rollouts.argoproj.io) Problem with creating argo rollouts CRD. When I try to apply CRD it gives me: error when creating "rollout.yaml": the server could not find the requested resource (post rollouts.argoproj.io)
This is my yaml:
apiVersion: argoproj.io/v1alpha1
kind: Rollout
metadata:
  name: example-rollout
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: example
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: example
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: demo/template1:v1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          name: demo/template1-v1
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
  strategy:
    canary:
      stableService: app1
      steps:    # describes the strategy for sending traffic to the canary
      - setWeight: 30   # 30% of the traffic will go to the canary for 30 seconds
      - pause: {duration: 30}
      - setWeight: 60   # 60% of the traffic will go to the canary for 45 seconds
      - pause: {duration: 45}
      - setWeight: 100  # 100% of the traffic will go to the canary for 10 seconds
      - pause: {duration: 10}

Maybe the problem is because of image or labels

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Roger Moore: Tony Curtis gave me the strangest advice about how to have an affair
The James Bond actor was given some scandalous dressing room tips by his Persuaders co-star
Wednesday, 1st October 2014 at 3:25 pm
When Tony Curtis's name was mentioned to me by Lew Grade as being one of the three possible co-stars for the 1971 series The Persuaders! (the other two being Glenn Ford and Rock Hudson), I was immediately grabbed by the idea. I thought Tony was a brilliant actor in films like Sweet Smell of Success, Trapeze, The Boston Strangler and, of course, he showed his comedic skills in Some Like It Hot, in which he based his English accent on Cary Grant. Incidentally, when director Billy Wilder later told Cary, he said, "But I don't talk like that!" in exactly the same way in which Tony had taken him off.
Tony had worked with an impressive roster of directors, and while he rarely spoke ill of anyone, he did tell me he had a tough time on Spartacus with director Stanley Kubrick. The whole cast had endured an agonisingly long shoot, and one day Tony turned to co-star Jean Simmons and asked, "Who do you have to f*** to get off this picture?"
As part of the package of luring Tony to make a TV series, Lew Grade bought him a house in Chester Square in London's fashionable Belgravia for an astonishing £49,000 – and it was Tony's to keep. A few years later he sold it for £250,000 and thought he'd made a pretty good deal, but a couple of years after that, when he returned to England and looked at buying a similar property,he discovered the asking price was nearer £2 million.
One day on set Tony said, "Dear sweet Roger, Burt Lancaster once told me that if you're ever in your dressing room at the studio with a young lady and your wife should walk in, continue with what you're doing and when you get home deny it, and say, 'But they have people who look like me.'"
I was never tempted into such a situation, though a year or two later I found myself filming in South Africa, and my character was to bed a rather attractive young lady in her apartment, demonstrating his Bond-like masculinity no doubt, and in a thick Afrikaans accent the young actress said to me, "I really wish there weren't all these people around," referring, of course, to the crew. "Oh, why?" I asked innocently. "Because I could show you a really good time!" I thought about Tony's words for a split second, but that thought soon turned to my then wife [Luisa Mattioli], who was sitting downstairs and knew my stunt double was off that day!
Cubby Broccoli was a regular in the dining room at Pinewood [where The Persuaders! was the same one that had been reserved for Emeric Pressburger all those years earlier – a magical environment in which to impress visitors and inveigle finance.
Stars such as Bette Davis, James Caan, Peter Ustinov, Katharine Hepburn, David Niven, Gregory Peck, Stewart Granger, Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor could all be spotted at the tables. Liz would be showing off her latest jewel, and they'd talk about what offers they'd refused, or gossip about who was sleeping with whom, all often punctuated by the unmistakeable laugh of Sid James and the Carry On gang on neighbouring tables.
"How many set-ups did you get this morning?" Sid would shout across, inducing a sort of friendly rivalry to anyone in earshot (he'd no doubt taken side bets on it). Tony Curtis was once prompted to boast that we'd managed "five". "Oh, we slipped in eight," Barbara Windsor chuckled back, much to Tony's chagrin.
A View to a Kill
The Man with the Golden Gun
James Bond actor Roger Moore insists there can never be a female 007
Sir Roger Moore would make a cameo in a Bond film to "expand the family coffers"
All about The Spy Who Loved Me
Which James Bond are you?
5 of Roger Moore's best James Bond moments


The Japanese government bonds remained slightly higher at the close of Asian session of the first trading day of the week even as the country's trade balance for the month of February registered better-than-expected results.
Also, investors will keep a close eye on the Federal Reserve's monetary policy meeting, scheduled for later in the week for further direction in the debt market.
The yield on the benchmark 10-year JGB note, which moves inversely to its price, slumped 4 basis points to -0.036 percent, the yield on the long-term 30-year remained tad lower at 0.576 percent and the yield on short-term 2-year too edged slightly down to -0.157 percent by 06:50GMT.
According to a report from Nikkei Asian Review, Japan's goods trade balance returned to the black zone during the month of February, but exports continued to be weak amid sluggish demand from China, government data showed Monday.
The surplus of JPY339.0 billion ($3 billion) followed four consecutive months of deficit, according to a preliminary report by the Finance Ministry. Exports fell for the third straight month, slipping 1.2 percent to JPY6.38 trillion. Imports declined 6.7 percent to 6.05 JPYtrillion, sliding for the second month in a row as global oil prices fell.


text:
July 31, 2017	Chris Del Castillo
Rick and Morty creative team and cast on season 3
There's something about Rick and Morty that makes it hard to stop watching. It could be the hilarious jokes, the infinite universes that Rick can screw around with, or it could be the wonderful cast of characters that really bring this series together. We are just a few days away from Rick and Morty season three, and we have so many questions. What's going to happen to the Smith family after Beth reveals she is leaving Jerry?
At San Diego Comic-Con 2017, we had a chance to sit down and chat with the Rick and Morty creative team about what's in store for the next season. In season two, we saw that Jerry may have been swapped with another Jerry from a different universe. Could that play into anything?
Of course, the important question is, "What's happening with the Mulan Schezwan sauce from the April Fool's special?" Ever since that episode, the Internet has been buzzing about the sauce.
"It's a real thing. I've been talking about how delicious that sauce was for a long time, and definitely in the writer's room," said Justin as co-creator Dan Harmon laughs. "It's true."
While laughing Dan adds, "I know, I just wish I recorded that."
Justin continues, "That happens a handful of times. It's not just me but a bunch of the writers. It's a true thing. We find ourselves at a crossroads in a script where we need something, and it's like, 'Oh, this real thing would be perfect,' but we needed a mislead before Rick takes the agent to his actual memory. So, why not do this whole Schezwan thing that I kept on talking about where I talk about how delicious it was. I swear to god, I think that sauce was the best, most delicious dipping sauce ever fucking created in the history of mankind. And now McDonald's is going to send me a litter of it, or a half-gallon or some crazy amount. It's going to be a lot, and I'm going to get to see if it was as good as I remembered. Let's be honest, the stakes couldn't be any lower."
Dan and Ryan start joking around about the whole thing, and Justin adds, "So they went into their archives and got the recipe and created a new batch for me. It's fucking insane."
So what is the plan once Justin finally gets the Mulan Schezwan dipping sauce? Justin mentions that he plans to film his reaction to trying the new batch of dipping sauce. He wants to see his latest reactions to test if the sauce is as good as he remembers.
Dan adds, "Definitely. You owe it to America and probably the planet. You need the moment that you touched that sauce to your tongue after all those years of talking about it."
You can see the whole conversation below:
Of course, where would the series be without Beth and Summer? Sarah Chalke, who voices Beth, and Summer's voice-over artist Spencer Grammer spoke to us about what's in store for the characters in season three, the mother-daughter relationship, and the upcoming Roseanne season 10 revival coming next year.
"As we go into this third season, there's definitely this family dynamic that starts to change," mentions Spencer. "We deal more with this mother-daughter relationship and the struggles you have, the competition you end up having, and that resonated with me in various ways. That competition thing as a teenager and how you work thru that together, you know what I'm talking about? It's a real thing that people go through, and I love that we're on a sci-fi show that's addressing those things."
"That's my favorite part about this show." Sarah adds, "You're going off planet and going on these intergalactic adventures, but it's grounded in this real family. And they're dealing with all the painful, interesting, funny, hard, great things that a family goes through."
You can watch the full conversation below:
Rick and Morty season three airs July 30th on Adult Swim.
Tags adult swimCartoon Networkdan harmonRick and MortySan Diego Comic-Con 2017
Chris Del Castillo	2588 posts
Growing up Chris watched a lot of the original Saturday morning cartoons and developed a love for arts and animation. Growing up he tried his hand at animation and eventually script writing, but even more his love of video games, anime and technology grew.


For there he was. The stag-hound bared its teeth and lowered its horned head in its resistance. And Gaius remembered the hunting lance smooth in his left hand's glove, resting easy and light against his thigh as it was meant to. The running was over now. And that sort of guilt, which we tell ourselves is a reflection of nobility of character, set in the second before the stroke. That was what the last few years of misfortune had given him, as they robbed him of clarity in return.
But a blur of black interposed, a centaur only belatedly recognized as Gaius' older brother, Constantine. It had no hesitation and its lance shot out surely, binding the creature to both the ground and death in a single moment, leaving nothing but a sort of sighing growl behind.
"Most unsportsmanlike, brother, cheating me like that," cried Gaius amiably.
"You hesitated," replied Constantine, his pale face blushing from the cold, even his short, black, military locks disturbed by the chase. He said it with a quirk of his fine, slender lips somewhere between humour and concern. Manipulating his mount's data-port with absent, practised grace, he threw an anti-grav net about the dead beast that it might follow them back.
"You fear that you sound awfully rough when you affirm that your wife died giving birth and there is nothing else to say," supplied Constantine. Though he had only just turned 22 and his lips retained that soft, pink look only boys have, Constantine was wise. He occupied himself with collapsing his lance and returning it to the pocket in his saddle.
"But a good father," affirmed Constantine, the unwed and childless paterfamilias, clapping his brother on the shoulder with a gauntleted hand.
Thus they fell into companionable silence with the forest as they rode, and smelt the tang of cold sea air from the close but unseen cliff, until they came to the eminence from which all was revealed. There was the Ocean, which girdled their oft-embattled island, wrapped in the mists like some plump widow in her miasma of perfume—there the village which, Gaius flattered himself, his House had turned into a city, spread unevenly over uneven land—and there the Palace glittered, gold and glass on its pinnacle. What one couldn't see from here were all the new warships in the harbour. " Dover in winter," Gaius muttered. His eye was drawn to the square, grey, stone temple which his family had allowed to be built that they might get the support of the native population. It was an ugly thing, a functional box.
"How can that happen?" Gaius thundered, feeling the tidal wave of guilt rush over him. The Mainframe knew where the urchins had run to.
"Well, state's speed, my sons," said the Princess, kissing her fingers to them before her image disappeared, leaving nothing but the pale sky before their eyes.
Now the boys had reached the city's streets, and all Constantine's soldiers, whether on sentry duty or emerging from taverns, saluted the brothers, cheering them, calling out their names, kissing the "C" emblems on their own breasts and cuffs. It was the devotion of the army to the family which made any praetorian guard redundant. All of these men would die for the House of Ruby at Dover—but they had let the children slip through their fingers, and had failed to find them. Gaius saluted them curtly in reply and cantered loudly along the cobbles.
The temple was set at a crossroads between the Palace Boulevard and the road to the harbour. One of those awful ragged crowds, gathered around a brazier and a street preacher, covered the steps. They were thin and discontented, with the cropped hair—male and female—of the lay militant brotherhood. The Rubies had allowed this state-forsaken place to be built in order to foster popular support. None of these people saluted. The closest they got was a dark look. Then a soldier shoved one of the loiterers and the loiterer shoved back. This was how riots started.
Constantine raised a hand and the soldier walked off, bowing and glowering at once. Then Constantine used his hand to slap the preacher—"Stirring up the people against me will not go unpunished. Go, hide." The thin, shorthaired man obeyed the instruction, and went running up the street. Constantine smiled.
But they were still not to be allowed to enter the temple. A woman blocked the brothers' path when they dismounted. She wore a tight, black dress with black gloves and thick, black hair swept up in a chignon under one of those square hats to which a net veil was attached covering the upper half of her face. Her chin was small and sharp and she had delicate bones under exquisite skin. Her lips were large and red, her nose straight and pointed. She was beautiful. She was the Temple Guardian. " You are the unhallowed. You shall not be allowed entrance." She had a soft, clear voice like the announcer in an elevator. It was only the voice that didn't remind Gaius of the loveliest, cruellest woman he knew. It ought to be higher and purer, like a bell.
"Then send my son, Prince Luke—and my sister Princess Dione, out," declared Gaius.
"All people with pure hearts are free to enter the temple and take sanctuary in it." Her red lips moved for a second into what might have been a smile.
"And we are not?" asked Constantine simply.
"You are spillers of blood," replied the Guardian with equal concision.
"You have a weight of guilt in your soul, unbeliever," the Guardian replied. She reached out and grabbed his wrist.
"You patricians are not human," responded the Guardian, and again there was that smile. He reached out with his free hand and pulled away her veil. Where her eyes should have been was a single, oval, black lens, in which he could see his own pale face reflected.
Small children when perplexed twist their brows in concentration so that they seem both mutinous and on the edge of an emotional collapse. Luke and Dione, as they stepped forward from the crowd of Elders, both wore this expression. But their faces, unformed as they were, were already very different. Luke followed his mother's side—his hair was brown and wavy, framing features dominated by large, still eyes and a forceful nose. Dione looked more like Gaius, there was little of her delicate Sapphire mother in her—she was a stoutly healthful girl with strong, square features, her skin quite dark for one of her race and her black hair thick as cat's fur. Luke stared his father and uncle down with severity, while Dione blushed and stared at the floor. "Answer me," Constantine thundered. Gaius noticed that gawpers had begun to slink in the colonnades of the shops opposite. There were people who lived to see the dirty laundry of the island's ruling family aired—even disobedient children gave them some joy. Such people thought of the princes' lives as their property.
"To hear the service?" Gaius still could not believe it. "This is not for us. Come here…" Gaius wrested his own hand from the Guardian's grasp, and stretched it out to the boy.
And down the steps the children walked. But halfway down Luke raised his eyes. " There is one Goddess, Father, Queen of Heaven and Earth—and I have read the prophecy which tells us that you will one day confess that truth too." Luke had been rather a slow reader for a patrician, having only mastered the art a few months ago. Maybe it was this prophetic idea which had motivated him to finally learn.
"You filled my nephew with your babblings, frightened my little sister," said Constantine, with nothing but sheer horror. The Elders ought to be more frightened than the small girl when they saw a horrified prince.
"How does he even know about that?" asked Gaius. "Have you been communicating with him, brainwashing him?" Gaius had never thought himself a particularly good father but this definitely felt like a parental nadir. Had he really been so engrossed in war planning and diplomacy and his own pain that he had failed to notice?
A lightning bolt seemed to have snaked its way down Gaius' spine. He remembered the night of his father's death. In his sleep he had seen the girl he loved dancing with her brother, he had seen his mother crying tears which turned into Rubies and then his at-that-time very recently deceased wife crying on vengeance. It had been the truth, but it had not been of any use. He could still see, as he had then over the data-link, his father's crumpled body outlined in silver shadows. "We're leaving," he said abruptly. Before the Guardian could stop him, he leapt from step to step until he reached the children, then taking each of them by the hand he turned his back and marched them back to the horses.
As they rode back to the Palace, the children riding before them on the steeds, Constantine tried to sermonise upon the importance of obedience and the fact of their House's many enemies. Gaius tried to tell them that his brother was not the Messiah and the Rosan Goddess was entirely imaginary. But he knew that the world his son faced was filled with things his own simple soldier's mind could never compass.


text:
Home › Hughes and Son › T Osborne Roberts - Ffarwel i'r Bardd (TTBB)
Ffarwel i'r Bardd (Farewell to the Bard) refers to the tragic loss of the poet Hedd Wyn. From the score:
"Ellis Humphrey Evans ('Hedd Wyn') won the chief bardic prize at the Welsh National Eisteddfod held at Birkenhead
in 1917. After his nom-de-plume was called, it was announced that the bard had died at the age of 29 in the Pilkem Ridge
battle on July 31, and the bardic chair was draped in black."
The lyrics come from R. Williams Parry's Englynion, written in memory of the bard, and are here arranged for unaccompanied male voice choir (TTBB), with a tenor solo for the first two stanzas.
Meirion Williams - Gwynfyd
Meirion Williams - Pan Ddaw'r Nos
Meirion Williams - Mai


text:
Q: How to count the number of different colors from a video? I would like a software that could allow the user to count the number of different colors used in a video (mp4/avi/mpeg2) for comparison purposes of colors palette.
Windows and/or linux
Thanks in advance

A: I've found one:
https://github.com/koenig-sebastian/VideoColorAnalysis
VideoColorAnalysis


Although accepting that the claim of 'possibly England's best beach house' in relation to Kentlands in Princes Drive, Sandwich Bay, Kent, may be 'a little over the top', the many virtues of this remarkable Arts-and-Crafts house are evident.
Kentlands sits right alongside the beach, overlooking Sandwich Bay and adjoining the famous links of the Royal St George's Golf Club.
For sale through Strutt & Parker at a guide price of £2.9m, the house was built in 1920 by the architect Charles Biddulph Pinchard for Frederick Leverton Harris (an influential Tory MP who was Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Blockade during the First World War), using materials reclaimed from two 17th-century Dutch weavers' cottages and timbers taken from local Tudor barns – hence its Grade II listing.
It was later owned by the Heinz family and subsequently by its current owners, who have completely renovated the property.
Kentlands sits within the private Sandwich Bay Estate, just south of the medieval Cinque Port of Sandwich, and boasts more than 6,000sq ft of living space, including a reception hall, four reception rooms, a kitchen/breakfast room, eight bedrooms and four bathrooms. It comes with a walled garden, a swimming pool and unhindered access to the beach.
Also included in the sale is The Lodge House, a two-bedroom property, ideal for accommodating all the friends and family who'll be flocking to the new owners for holidays.
Adjacent to The Lodge House is another building currently in use as a playroom, with the potential of being converted into a games room, an office, a studio or a home gym.
Although seemingly in the middle of nowhere (it certainly feels like a world of its own), Kentlands has surprisingly decent transport links, only 17 miles from Canterbury and all of its charms.
Kentlands in on the market with Strutt & Parker for £2.9 million. For more information and pictures, click here.


text:
#ifndef VIENNASHE_SHE_CONFIG_HPP
#define VIENNASHE_SHE_CONFIG_HPP

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>
#include <memory>

#include "viennashe/forwards.h"
#include "viennashe/physics/constants.hpp"
#include "viennashe/physics/dispersion.hpp"

#include "viennashe/exception.hpp"
#include "viennashe/she/exception.hpp"
#include "viennashe/solvers/config.hpp"
#include "viennashe/she/scattering/config.hpp"

#include "viennashe/simulator_quantity.hpp"

/** @file viennashe/config.hpp
    @brief The SHE configuration class is defined here.
*/

namespace viennashe
{
  namespace detail
  {
    struct density_gradient_config
    {
      density_gradient_config() : lambda_(0.2), dirichlet_(-0.11), bnd_type_id_(viennashe::BOUNDARY_DIRICHLET)
      {
        robin_coeffs_.alpha = 0.0;
        robin_coeffs_.beta = 0.0;
      }

      density_gradient_config(double lambda, double alpha, double beta)
       : lambda_(lambda), dirichlet_(0.0), bnd_type_id_(viennashe::BOUNDARY_ROBIN)
      {
        robin_coeffs_.alpha = alpha;
        robin_coeffs_.beta  = beta;
      }

      double lambda() const   { return lambda_; }
      void   lambda(double l) { lambda_ = l; }

      double dirichlet_boundary_value() const   { return dirichlet_; }
      void   dirichlet_boundary_value(double d) { dirichlet_ = d;    }

      viennashe::boundary_type_id boundary_type() const { return bnd_type_id_; }

      void boundary_type(viennashe::boundary_type_id newid) { bnd_type_id_ = newid; }

      viennashe::robin_boundary_coefficients<double>   robin_coeffs() const { return robin_coeffs_; }
      viennashe::robin_boundary_coefficients<double> & robin_coeffs()       { return robin_coeffs_; }

    private:
      double lambda_;
      viennashe::robin_boundary_coefficients<double> robin_coeffs_;
      double dirichlet_;
      viennashe::boundary_type_id bnd_type_id_;
    };

  } // namespace detail

  /** @brief Provides IDs for the dispersion relations */
  struct dispersion_relation_ids
  {
      enum { parabolic_dispersion,        // parabolic dispersion for holes
             modena_dispersion,           // modena dispersion for holes
             ext_vecchi_dispersion        // extended Vecchi model, Jin et al. TED 2011
           };
  };

  /** @brief The boundary condition configuration for SHE   */
  class she_boundary_conditions_config
  {
  public:
    she_boundary_conditions_config() : she_bnd_id_(viennashe::BOUNDARY_GENERATION_RECOMBINATION), tau_(1e-16) {}

    /** @brief Returns the type of boundary conditions used by SHE */
    viennashe::boundary_type_id type() const { return she_bnd_id_; }

    /** @brief Setter for the type of boundary conditions used by SHE */
    void type(viennashe::boundary_type_id new_id)
    {
      if (new_id == viennashe::BOUNDARY_DIRICHLET || new_id == viennashe::BOUNDARY_GENERATION_RECOMBINATION)
        she_bnd_id_ = new_id;
      else
        throw invalid_boundary_condition_exception("Encountered invalid boundary type for SHE. Only BOUNDARY_DIRICHLET and BOUNDARY_GENERATION_RECOMBINATION supported!");
    }

    /** @brief Returns the recombination rate used in a Robin boundary condition */
    double generation_recombination_rate() const { return tau_; }
    /** @brief Sets the recombination rate used in a Robin boundary condition
     * @param new_tau Must be positive and non-negative. Unit: seconds
     */
    void   generation_recombination_rate(double new_tau) { if (new_tau > 0) tau_ = new_tau; }

  private:
    viennashe::boundary_type_id she_bnd_id_;
    double tau_;  // generation/recombination rate (0.1 fs). Might need further calibration. The shorter the rate, the stronger is the distribution function clamped to the contact
  };

  /** @brief The main SHE configuration class. To be adjusted by the user for his/her needs. */
  class config
    : public dispersion_relation_ids
  {
    public:
      typedef viennashe::solvers::linear_solver_config      linear_solver_config_type;
      typedef viennashe::solvers::nonlinear_solver_config   nonlinear_solver_config_type;
      typedef viennashe::physics::dispersion_proxy          dispersion_relation_type;

      config() :
       with_electrons_( true ),
       electron_equation_id_(EQUATION_CONTINUITY),
       with_holes_( true ),
       hole_equation_id_(EQUATION_CONTINUITY),
       with_traps_( false ),
       with_trap_selfconsistency_( false ),
       dispersion_relation_electrons_( new viennashe::physics::modena_dispersion<viennashe::materials::si>(viennashe::ELECTRON_TYPE_ID) ),
       dispersion_relation_holes_( new viennashe::physics::modena_dispersion<viennashe::materials::si>(viennashe::HOLE_TYPE_ID) ),
       she_discretization_id_(SHE_DISCRETIZATION_EVEN_ODD_ORDER_DF),
       she_scaling_id_(SHE_SCALING_KINETIC_ENERGY),
       L_max_(1), adaptive_expansions_(false),
       energy_spacing_(31.0 * viennashe::physics::constants::q / 1000.0),
       min_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_(viennashe::physics::constants::q),
       min_kinetic_energy_range_holes_(viennashe::physics::constants::q),
       max_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_(5.0*viennashe::physics::constants::q),  // ~5 eV is the work function for most semiconductors
       max_kinetic_energy_range_holes_(5.0*viennashe::physics::constants::q),      // ~5 eV is the work function for most semiconductors
       use_h_transformation_(true),
       use_quantum_correction_(false),
       scatter_conf_(),
       linear_solver_conf_(),
       nonlinear_solver_conf_(),
       with_hde_(false),
       with_quantum_correction_(false),
       time_step_size_(0),
       she_boundary_conf_(),
       dg_config_electrons_(0.2, -5.5e-4, -7.5e-5),
       dg_config_holes_(0.22, -4.2e-4, 8.3e-5)
       {}

      config(config const & other) :
       with_electrons_( other.with_electrons_ ),
       electron_equation_id_(other.electron_equation_id_),
       with_holes_( other.with_holes_ ),
       hole_equation_id_(other.hole_equation_id_),
       with_traps_( other.with_traps_ ),
       with_trap_selfconsistency_(other.with_trap_selfconsistency_),
       dispersion_relation_electrons_(other.dispersion_relation_electrons_->clone()) ,
       dispersion_relation_holes_(other.dispersion_relation_holes_->clone()) ,
       she_discretization_id_(other.she_discretization_id_),
       she_scaling_id_(other.she_scaling_id_),
       L_max_(other.L_max_), adaptive_expansions_(other.adaptive_expansions_),
       energy_spacing_(other.energy_spacing_),
       min_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_(other.min_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_),
       min_kinetic_energy_range_holes_(other.min_kinetic_energy_range_holes_),
       max_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_(other.max_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_),
       max_kinetic_energy_range_holes_(other.max_kinetic_energy_range_holes_),
       use_h_transformation_(other.use_h_transformation_),
       use_quantum_correction_(other.use_quantum_correction_),
       scatter_conf_(other.scatter_conf_),
       linear_solver_conf_(other.linear_solver_conf_),
       nonlinear_solver_conf_(other.nonlinear_solver_conf_),
       with_hde_(other.with_hde_),
       with_quantum_correction_(other.with_quantum_correction_),
       time_step_size_(other.time_step_size_),
       she_boundary_conf_(other.she_boundary_conf_),
       dg_config_electrons_(other.dg_config_electrons_),
       dg_config_holes_(other.dg_config_holes_)
       {}

      void operator=(config const & other)
      {
        with_electrons_ = other.with_electrons_;
        with_holes_ = other.with_holes_;
        with_traps_ = other.with_traps_;
        with_trap_selfconsistency_ = other.with_trap_selfconsistency_;
//        dispersion_relation_electrons_ = std::auto_ptr< viennashe::physics::dispersion_base >(other.dispersion_relation_electrons_->clone());
//        dispersion_relation_holes_ = std::auto_ptr< viennashe::physics::dispersion_base >(other.dispersion_relation_holes_->clone());
        dispersion_relation_electrons_ = std::unique_ptr< viennashe::physics::dispersion_base >(other.dispersion_relation_electrons_->clone());
        dispersion_relation_holes_ = std::unique_ptr< viennashe::physics::dispersion_base >(other.dispersion_relation_holes_->clone());
        she_discretization_id_ = other.she_discretization_id_;
        she_scaling_id_        = other.she_scaling_id_;
        L_max_ = other.L_max_;
        adaptive_expansions_ = other.adaptive_expansions_;
        energy_spacing_ = other.energy_spacing_;
        min_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_ = other.min_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_;
        min_kinetic_energy_range_holes_ = other.min_kinetic_energy_range_holes_;
        max_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_ = other.max_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_;
        max_kinetic_energy_range_holes_ = other.max_kinetic_energy_range_holes_;
        use_h_transformation_ = other.use_h_transformation_;
        use_quantum_correction_ = other.use_quantum_correction_;
        scatter_conf_ = other.scatter_conf_;
        linear_solver_conf_ = other.linear_solver_conf_;
        nonlinear_solver_conf_ = other.nonlinear_solver_conf_;
        with_hde_ = other.with_hde_;
        with_quantum_correction_ = other.with_quantum_correction_;
        time_step_size_ = other.time_step_size_;
        she_boundary_conf_ = other.she_boundary_conf_;
        dg_config_electrons_ = other.dg_config_electrons_;
        dg_config_holes_ = other.dg_config_holes_;
      }

      /////// Polarity //////////

      /** @brief Returns true if electrons are considered in the simulation */
      bool with_electrons() const { return with_electrons_; }
      /** @brief Activates are deactivates electrons in the simulation */
      void with_electrons(bool b) { with_electrons_ = b; }

      equation_id get_electron_equation() const { return electron_equation_id_; }
      void        set_electron_equation(equation_id equ_id) { electron_equation_id_ = equ_id; }

      /** @brief Returns true if holes are considered in the simulation */
      bool with_holes() const { return with_holes_; }
      /** @brief Activates are deactivates holes in the simulation */
      void with_holes(bool b) { with_holes_ = b; }

      equation_id get_hole_equation() const { return hole_equation_id_; }
      void        set_hole_equation(equation_id equ_id) { hole_equation_id_ = equ_id; }

      /** @brief Returns true if traps are considered in the simulation */
      bool with_traps() const { return with_traps_; }
      /** @brief Activates or deactivates traps in the simulation */
      void with_traps(bool b) { with_traps_ = b; }
      /** @brief Returns true if traps are considered self-consistently in the simulation */
      bool with_trap_selfconsistency() const { return with_trap_selfconsistency_; }
      /** @brief Activates or deactivates trap self-consistency in the simulation */
      void with_trap_selfconsistency(bool b) { with_trap_selfconsistency_ = b; }

      /** @brief Returns the dispersion relation for electrons */
      viennashe::physics::dispersion_proxy dispersion_relation_electrons() const
      {
        return viennashe::physics::dispersion_proxy(dispersion_relation_electrons_.get());
      }

      /** @brief Returns the dispersion relation for holes */
      viennashe::physics::dispersion_proxy dispersion_relation_holes() const
      {
        return viennashe::physics::dispersion_proxy(dispersion_relation_holes_.get());
      }

      /** @brief Returns the dispersion relation for electrons */
      viennashe::physics::dispersion_proxy dispersion_relation(viennashe::carrier_type_id ctype) const
      {
        if (ctype == viennashe::ELECTRON_TYPE_ID)
          return viennashe::physics::dispersion_proxy(dispersion_relation_electrons_.get());
        else if (ctype == viennashe::HOLE_TYPE_ID)
          return viennashe::physics::dispersion_proxy(dispersion_relation_holes_.get());
        else
          throw viennashe::carrier_type_not_supported_exception("In dispersion_relation");
      }

      /** @brief Sets a new dispersion relation for electrons
       *
       * @param dispersion_id     Identifier of the dispersion relation, @see dispersion_relation_ids
       */
      void dispersion_relation_electrons(long dispersion_id)
      {
        viennashe::physics::dispersion_base * disp_ptr
             = dispersion_relation_impl<viennashe::materials::si>(viennashe::ELECTRON_TYPE_ID, dispersion_id);

        if (disp_ptr == NULL)
        {
          std::stringstream ss;
          ss << "No electron dispersion found with id: " << dispersion_id << std::endl;
          throw she::unknown_dispersion_relation_exception(ss.str());
        }
        dispersion_relation_electrons_ = std::unique_ptr< viennashe::physics::dispersion_base >( disp_ptr );

    //    dispersion_relation_electrons_ = std::auto_ptr< viennashe::physics::dispersion_base >( disp_ptr );
      }

      /** @brief Sets a new dispersion relation for electrons
       *
       * @param dispersion_id     Identifier of the dispersion relation, @see dispersion_relation_ids
       * @param ctype             Identifier of the carrier type
       */
      void dispersion_relation(long dispersion_id, viennashe::carrier_type_id ctype)
      {
        if (ctype == viennashe::ELECTRON_TYPE_ID)
          dispersion_relation_electrons(dispersion_id);
        else
          dispersion_relation_holes(dispersion_id);
      }

      /** @brief Sets a new dispersion relation for electrons and holes
       *
       * @param name     String identifier of the dispersion relation
       */
      void dispersion_relation(const std::string name)
      {
        this->dispersion_relation_electrons(this->get_dispersion_relation_id_impl(name));
        this->dispersion_relation_holes(this->get_dispersion_relation_id_impl(name));
      }

      /** @brief Sets a new dispersion relation for electrons
       *
       * @param name     String identifier of the dispersion relation
       */
      void dispersion_relation_electrons(const std::string name)
      {
        this->dispersion_relation_electrons(this->get_dispersion_relation_id_impl(name));
      }

      /** @brief Sets a new dispersion relation for holes
       *
       * @param dispersion_id     Identifier of the dispersion relation, @see dispersion_relation_ids
       */
      void dispersion_relation_holes(long dispersion_id)  //TODO: Think about incorporation of materials here
      {
        viennashe::physics::dispersion_base * disp_ptr
             = dispersion_relation_impl<viennashe::materials::si>(viennashe::HOLE_TYPE_ID, dispersion_id);

        if (disp_ptr == NULL)
        {
          std::stringstream ss;
          ss << "No hole dispersion found with id: " << dispersion_id << std::endl;
          throw she::unknown_dispersion_relation_exception(ss.str());
        }

        //dispersion_relation_holes_ = std::auto_ptr< viennashe::physics::dispersion_base >( disp_ptr );
        dispersion_relation_holes_ = std::unique_ptr< viennashe::physics::dispersion_base >( disp_ptr );

      }

      /** @brief Sets a new dispersion relation for holes
       *
       * @param name     String identifier of the dispersion relation
       */
      void dispersion_relation_holes(const std::string name)
      {
        this->dispersion_relation_holes(this->get_dispersion_relation_id_impl(name));
      }

      she_discretization_type_id she_discretization_type() const { return she_discretization_id_; }
      void she_discretization_type(she_discretization_type_id discretization_id) { she_discretization_id_ = discretization_id; }

      she_scaling_type_id she_scaling_type() const { return she_scaling_id_; }
      void she_scaling_type(she_scaling_type_id scaling_id) { she_scaling_id_ = scaling_id; }

      // Expansion order:
      /** @brief Returns the current maximum expansion order */
      long max_expansion_order() const { return L_max_; }

      /** @brief Sets a new maximum expansion order. For uniform expansions, new_L will be used all over the device. For adaptive SHE, adaption is stopped at new_L */
      void max_expansion_order(long new_L)
      {
        assert(new_L > 0);
        L_max_ = new_L;
      }

      /** @brief Returns the flag for the use of adaptive expansions */
      bool adaptive_expansions() const { return adaptive_expansions_; }
      /** @brief Sets the use of adaptive expansions */
      void adaptive_expansions(bool b) { adaptive_expansions_ = b; }

      //
      // Minimum kinetic energy range:
      //

      /** @brief Returns the minimum kinetic energy range for the selected carrier */
      double min_kinetic_energy_range(viennashe::carrier_type_id ctype) const
      {
        if (ctype == ELECTRON_TYPE_ID)
          return min_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_;
        else
          return min_kinetic_energy_range_holes_;
      }

      /** @brief Sets the minimum kinetic energy range for the selected carrier */
      void min_kinetic_energy_range(double e_new, viennashe::carrier_type_id ctype)
      {
        if (e_new > 0)
        {
          if (ctype == ELECTRON_TYPE_ID)
            min_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_ = e_new;
          else
            min_kinetic_energy_range_holes_ = e_new;
        }
      }

      // set both
      /** @brief Sets the minimum kinetic energy range in the conduction band for electrons and in the valence band for electrons */
      void min_kinetic_energy_range(double e_new)
      {
        if (e_new > 0)
        {
          min_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_ = e_new;
          min_kinetic_energy_range_holes_ = e_new;
        }
      }

      //
      // Maximum kinetic energy range:
      //

      /** @brief Returns the minimum kinetic energy range for the selected carrier */
      double max_kinetic_energy_range(viennashe::carrier_type_id ctype) const
      {
        if (ctype == ELECTRON_TYPE_ID)
          return max_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_;
        else
          return max_kinetic_energy_range_holes_;
      }

      /** @brief Sets the minimum kinetic energy range for the selected carrier */
      void max_kinetic_energy_range(double e_new, viennashe::carrier_type_id ctype)
      {
        if (e_new > 0)
        {
          if (ctype == ELECTRON_TYPE_ID)
            max_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_ = e_new;
          else
            max_kinetic_energy_range_holes_ = e_new;
        }
      }

      // set both
      /** @brief Sets the minimum kinetic energy range in the conduction band for electrons and in the valence band for electrons */
      void max_kinetic_energy_range(double e_new)
      {
        if (e_new > 0)
        {
          max_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_ = e_new;
          max_kinetic_energy_range_holes_ = e_new;
        }
      }

      /** @brief Returns the uniform energy spacing of discrete energies */
      double energy_spacing() const { return energy_spacing_; }
      /** @brief Sets a new discrete energy spacing. */
      void energy_spacing(double new_spacing) { energy_spacing_ = new_spacing; }

      /** @brief Returns whether the H-transformation is used */
      bool use_h_transformation() const { return use_h_transformation_; }
      /** @brief Sets whether the H-transformation should be used for the energy discretization */
      void use_h_transformation(bool b) { use_h_transformation_ = b; }

      //
      // scattering
      //

      /** @brief Returns the configuration object for scattering */
      viennashe::she::scatter_config       & scattering()       { return scatter_conf_; }
      /** @brief Returns the configuration object for scattering */
      viennashe::she::scatter_config const & scattering() const { return scatter_conf_; }

      //
      // linear solver
      //

      /** @brief Returns the configuration object for the linear solver */
      linear_solver_config_type       & linear_solver()       { return linear_solver_conf_; }
      /** @brief Returns the configuration object for the linear solver */
      linear_solver_config_type const & linear_solver() const { return linear_solver_conf_; }

      //
      // nonlinear solver
      //

      /** @brief Returns the configuration object for the nonlinear solver */
      nonlinear_solver_config_type       & nonlinear_solver()       { return nonlinear_solver_conf_; }
      /** @brief Returns the configuration object for the nonlinear solver */
      nonlinear_solver_config_type const & nonlinear_solver() const { return nonlinear_solver_conf_; }

      //
      // HDE
      //
      bool with_hde() const { return with_hde_; }
      void with_hde(bool v) { with_hde_ = v;    }

      //
      // Quantum Correction
      //

      bool quantum_correction() const { return use_quantum_correction_; }
      void quantum_correction(bool use_quantum_correction)  { use_quantum_correction_ = use_quantum_correction; }

      bool with_quantum_correction() const { return with_quantum_correction_; }
      void with_quantum_correction(bool b) { with_quantum_correction_ = b; }

      //
      // Density Gradient
      //

      detail::density_gradient_config const & density_gradient(viennashe::carrier_type_id ctype) const
      {
        if (ctype == viennashe::ELECTRON_TYPE_ID)
          return dg_config_electrons_;
        else
          return dg_config_holes_;
      }

      detail::density_gradient_config & density_gradient(viennashe::carrier_type_id ctype)
      {
        if (ctype == viennashe::ELECTRON_TYPE_ID)
          return dg_config_electrons_;
        else
          return dg_config_holes_;
      }

      ////////////////
      double time_step_size() const   { return time_step_size_; }
      //void   time_step_size(double s) { assert(s >= 0 && bool("Time step size must not be negative!")); time_step_size_ = s; }

      ////////////////
      she_boundary_conditions_config const & she_boundary_conditions() const { return she_boundary_conf_; }
      she_boundary_conditions_config       & she_boundary_conditions()       { return she_boundary_conf_; }

      //
      // Insulator Distance
      //
      bool setup_insulator_distances()       const { return this->scattering().surface().enabled(); }

    private:

      template <typename MaterialTag>
      viennashe::physics::dispersion_base * dispersion_relation_impl(viennashe::carrier_type_id ctype, long dispersion_id)
      {
        switch(dispersion_id)
        {
          case parabolic_dispersion:
            return new viennashe::physics::parabolic_dispersion<MaterialTag>(ctype);
          case modena_dispersion:
            return new viennashe::physics::modena_dispersion<MaterialTag>(ctype);
          case ext_vecchi_dispersion:
            return new viennashe::physics::ext_vecchi_dispersion<MaterialTag>(ctype);
          default:
            return NULL;
        };
        return NULL;
      }

      long get_dispersion_relation_id_impl(std::string name)
      {
        // to upper to ease the comparison and to be case insensitive
        std::transform(name.begin(), name.end(), name.begin(), ::tolower);

        if (name == "parabolic_dispersion")
        {
          return parabolic_dispersion;
        }
        else if (name == "modena_dispersion")
        {
          return modena_dispersion;
        }
        else if (name == "ext_vecchi_dispersion" || name == "fullband")
        {
          return ext_vecchi_dispersion;
        }
        else
        {
          return -1;
        }
      }

      bool with_electrons_;
      equation_id electron_equation_id_;
      bool with_holes_;
      equation_id hole_equation_id_;
      bool with_traps_;
      bool with_trap_selfconsistency_;
      std::unique_ptr< viennashe::physics::dispersion_base >  dispersion_relation_electrons_;
      std::unique_ptr< viennashe::physics::dispersion_base >  dispersion_relation_holes_;
      she_discretization_type_id  she_discretization_id_;
      she_scaling_type_id         she_scaling_id_;

      long L_max_;
      bool adaptive_expansions_;

      double energy_spacing_;
      double min_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_;
      double min_kinetic_energy_range_holes_;
      double max_kinetic_energy_range_electrons_;
      double max_kinetic_energy_range_holes_;
      bool   use_h_transformation_;

      bool use_quantum_correction_;
      viennashe::she::scatter_config         scatter_conf_;
      linear_solver_config_type        linear_solver_conf_;
      nonlinear_solver_config_type  nonlinear_solver_conf_;

      bool with_hde_;
      bool with_quantum_correction_;

      double time_step_size_;
      she_boundary_conditions_config she_boundary_conf_;

      detail::density_gradient_config dg_config_electrons_;
      detail::density_gradient_config dg_config_holes_;

  };

} // namespace viennashe

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Kenya is scheduled to compete at the 2024 Summer Olympics in Paris from 26 July to 11 August 2024. Since the nation's official debut in 1956, Kenyan athletes have appeared in every edition of the Summer Olympic Games, except for two consecutive occasions: Montreal 1976 as part of the Congolese-led boycott and Moscow 1980 as part of the United States-led boycott.

Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.

Athletics

Kenyan track and field athletes achieved the entry standards for Paris 2024, either by passing the direct qualifying mark (or time for track and road races) or by world ranking, in the following events (a maximum of 3 athletes each):

Track and road events
Men

Women

References

2024
Nations at the 2024 Summer Olympics
2024 in Kenyan sport

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


...go! Sandal season is here at last.
You can wash the nubuck styles, a plus for those of us hitting the city streets.
I vote for #1. I love orange for spring and summer.
I love #1 too. Looks like you could traipse all over Paris in it and be stylish AND comfortable.
I much prefer the second style - really stylish, gorgeous colour and very interesting heel shape - a real summer passe partout. In fact I'm going to see if I can find them in UK.
I've found the second style on a UK website for £65 (sterling) but only in yellow or black - the colour you show is much more useful and flattering. I'll keep looking though.
Greying Pixie: You might have luck if you search "Arche Cuzco"- I found them in Platine on a number of US shoe store sites, so I am hoping they are on some European sites too.
Or send an inquiry to Arche c/o their web site (www.arche-shoes.com).
That Cuzco is absolutely gorgeous! I'd love to track those down. Wearable ANd fabulous.


text:
Catemaco är en ort i Mexiko.   Den ligger i kommunen Catemaco och delstaten Veracruz, i den sydöstra delen av landet,  km öster om huvudstaden Mexico City. Catemaco ligger  meter över havet och antalet invånare är . Den ligger vid sjön Laguna Catemaco.

Terrängen runt Catemaco är huvudsakligen kuperad, men den allra närmaste omgivningen är platt. Terrängen runt Catemaco sluttar söderut. Den högsta punkten i närheten är Cerro Mono Blanco,  meter över havet,  km norr om Catemaco. Runt Catemaco är det ganska tätbefolkat, med  invånare per kvadratkilometer. Närmaste större samhälle är San Andres Tuxtla,  km väster om Catemaco.

Tropiskt monsunklimat råder i trakten. Årsmedeltemperaturen i trakten är  °C. Den varmaste månaden är maj, då medeltemperaturen är  °C, och den kallaste är januari, med  °C. Genomsnittlig årsnederbörd är  millimeter. Den regnigaste månaden är september, med i genomsnitt  mm nederbörd, och den torraste är februari, med  mm nederbörd.

Kommentarer

Referenser

Orter i Veracruz


GGC Laminated Glass Production Line is capable of producing multi-layered laminated glass sheets as large as max 3210×2250 mm bonding together at least two 3mm glass sheets up to a maximum total thickness of 50 mm. For instance, a sheet of 50 mm bullet resistant glass is made by bonding 5 sheets of 10 mm glass.
This product looks just like a normal sheet of glass but has a very different function. Energy savings, reduced noise pollution and protection against UV-radiation damages are drawing consumers' attention more than ever before. These goals can be met by the use of architectural laminated glass sheets (toughened or normal). The laminated glass has practical resistance against severe impact, earthquake, storms and strong winds, since the broken glass particles remain bonded to the laminate interlayer.
Wasted Energy= Windows area x Difference between in and out side tempreture x U value Less U value = less wasted energy.
By the use of the architectural laminated glass production machinery combined with its inhouse engineering capacities, GGC has managed to produce a highly resistant glass strong enough to withstand instant and direct impacts. The product is composed of 6, 8 or 10 mm sheets of clear glass laminated with 0.76 to 1.52 mm sheets of PVB and will hold together if hit by the bullets of a Colt pistol and G3 rifle and also against the impact of a mallet and blast shockwaves, without breaking apart into pieces. This type of glass is used in jewellers, exchange shops and banks as an impenetrable barrier preventing criminal damages.
This product is a type of insulating glass with a laminated glass sheet of various combined thicknesses on one pane and a 6 or 8 mm toughened glass on the other. The layered glass will endure high temperature for 30 minutes before the PVB layer starts to burn. During this time, the space between the two sides will function as insulation, impeding extensive heat transmission to the other side and giving the inhabitants time to leave the building. In case of long lasting fire or a significant increase in temperature, the outer-side toughened glass pane will also prevent heat transmission for some time after all the PVB layers of the other pane are entirely burned. This product is specified according to its "thermal resistance" and "stability time". GGC #GF-3 is a fire resistant glass with total thickness of 59 mm and maximum stability time of 90 min against 850° C.