text:
\section{Introduction}

Millisecond pulsars (MSPs) are valuable laboratories for studying a wide range
of physics and astrophysics topics, including
binary evolution \citep{champion+2008},
neutron star formation \citep{demorest+2010,of2016,tkf+17},
the equation of state of nuclear matter \citep{lattimer11},
and gravitation \citep{antoniadis+2013}.
MSPs can also be used to observe low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs)
as part of pulsar timing arrays \citep{hd83,EPTA2015,PPTA2015,NANOGrav2016}.
These experiments rely on pulsar timing,
whereby the times of arrival (TOAs) of pulses are fit
to a complex timing model that incorporates the
astrometric, spin, and binary properties of the pulsar \citep{ehm2006}.
For some MSPs, other radio and optical observations can
provide independent measurements of some of these parameters, which
can be used to verify and improve pulsar timing solutions.

PSR~J1640+2224\ is a fully-recycled MSP
with spin period $P=3.16 \, \mathrm{ms}$.
It is in a wide, nearly circular binary
(orbital period $\ensuremath{P_b} = 175 \, \mathrm{days}$,
orbital eccentricity $e = 7.9725\times10^{-4}$)
with a white dwarf (WD) companion \citep{lfc1996}.
Pulsar timing observations have been able to detect
the Shapiro delay---a relativistic time delay
caused by the pulses' propagation
through the companion's gravitational potential---
from which the companion's mass can be measured \citep{shapiro1964}.
However, drawing conclusions from those data has been complicated
by the fact that the orbital period is very close to half a year,
resulting in degeneracies between
some of the binary and astrometric parameters.
Initial work by \citet{lohmer+2005} reported a low companion mass of
$\ensuremath{M_c} = 0.15^{+0.08}_{-0.05} \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$.
Subsequent timing campaigns have not been able to reproduce consistent results.
\citet{demorest+2013} reported a companion mass of $\ensuremath{M_c} = 0.25 \pm 0.04 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$
based on five years of observations taken as part of the North American Nanohertz Observatory
for Gravitational Waves (NANOGrav).
However, an analysis of the same data by \citet{vv2014}
using Bayesian inference to
perform the timing fit found a 95\% probability that the
companion mass is above $0.3 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$.
Most recently, \citet{fonseca+2016} presented an even higher value of
$\ensuremath{M_c} = 0.6^{+0.4}_{-0.2} \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$ based on nine years of observations.

In addition, while optical observations of WDs can determine their masses and effective temperatures,
in this case the constraints are very weak.
Based on observations with the Palomar 200-in.\ telescope,
\citet{lcfwc1996} concluded  $\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}} = 3700 \pm 300 \, \mathrm{K}$
and $\ensuremath{M_c} < 0.47 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$.
An analysis of observations made with the
Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) on the \textit{Hubble Space Telescope} (\textit{HST})
by \citet{lfc1996} found
$\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}} = 4200 \pm 300 \, \mathrm{K}$
and $\ensuremath{M_c} = 0.25 \pm 0.10 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$, but
a later analysis of the same data by \citet{hp1998}
yielded $\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}} = 4460 \pm 1125 \, \mathrm{K}$ and
an allowed mass range of $0.25 - 0.45 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$.
Both of these analyses were limited by the large uncertainty in the pulsar distance,
which was estimated from the observed
pulse-dispersion properties
measure and the \citet{tc1993} model of the Galactic electron density distribution.

\begin{figure}[ht]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{J1640_WDmasses.pdf}
	\caption{Published masses for the WD companion
    of PSR~J1640+2224.
    We show the median values and
    68\%-confidence intervals.
    The red squares indicate values obtained from
    optical photometry of the WD,
    and the blue circles indicate values
    obtained from pulsar timing.
    The shaded region between $0.33\,\ensuremath{M_\odot}$ and $0.46\,\ensuremath{M_\odot}$
    shows the mass cutoff
    between He-core and CO WDs.}
	\label{fig:J1640_WDmasses}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

The large range in the reported companion masses
(see Fig.~\ref{fig:J1640_WDmasses})
has important implications
for binary evolution models.
The small pulsar spin period and wide, nearly circular orbit point to this system
forming from a wide-orbit low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB; \citealt{tauris2011}).
Models of LMXBs predict a correlation between the orbital
period and WD mass, which for this system implies the companion mass is
$0.35 - 0.39\, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$ depending on the metallicity
(\citealt{rappaport1995, ts1999, vbjj2005, imt+16}; see Fig.~\ref{fig:PorbMwd}).
If the companion is significantly more massive,
as suggested by some results from pulsar timing,
then how the system formed is uncertain.
Most pulsars with massive WD companions formed in
intermediate-mass X-ray binaries (IMXBs; \citealt{tauris2011}).
However, PSR~J1640+2224\ has a smaller spin period, longer orbital period,
and smaller orbital eccentricity than most binary pulsars formed this way.
In particular, the combination of these characteristics makes it difficult to understand the formation of PSR~J1640+2224 if it has a CO WD companion and thus formed from an IMXB.

\begin{figure}[ht]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{MSP_WD.pdf}
	\caption{Orbital period and WD mass for binary MSPs with He-core WD companions.
			The red dashed line shows the theoretical $P_\mathrm{orb} - \ensuremath{M_c}$ relationship,
			assuming a metallicity of $Z=0.02$ \citep{imt+16}.
			The circles represent the measured orbital periods and WD masses,
			with their uncertainties, for about a dozen binary MSPs.
			All of the measured WD masses are in good agreement with the theoretical relationship.
			The gray horizontal line represents the published median values
			for the WD companion mass of PSR~J1640+2224,
			which range from $0.15 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$ \citep{lohmer+2005}
			to $0.6 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$ \citep{fonseca+2016}.
			Figure modified from \citet{2017arXiv170809386S}.}
	\label{fig:PorbMwd}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

In this paper, we present the first astrometric parallax measurement for PSR~J1640+2224\
based on observations taken with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA).
We use this distance to reanalyze the 1995 \textit{HST}\ observations
of PSR~J1640+2224. We also improve upon the original analysis by taking advantage
of improved photometry software,
updated calibration of WFPC2 \citep{dolphin2000, dolphin2009},
a new 3D map of Galactic extinction \citep{green+2015},
and updated WD cooling models \citep{tbg11, bwd+11}.
Our analysis of two other pulsars observed in the same manner,
PSR J1022+1001 and PSR J2145$-$0750, were published in \citet{deller+2016}.

This paper is organized as follows.
In Sec.~\ref{sec:VLBI} we describe the very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations used
to measure the astrometric parallax and transverse velocity of the system.
In Sec.~\ref{sec:observations} we describe the optical observations
and data reduction techniques used.
In Sec.~\ref{sec:coolingcurves} we discuss the procedure
used to fit the photometry data
to the WD cooling curves to obtain the temperature and mass of the WD.
We summarize our findings in Sec.~\ref{sec:conclusions}.

\section{VLBI Observations}
\label{sec:VLBI}

We observed PSR~J1640+2224\ a total of 11 times with the VLBA in the period 2015 August to 2017 August under the project codes BD179 and BD192, as part of the \ensuremath{\mathrm{MSPSR}\Large\pi}\ project\footnote{\url{https://safe.nrao.edu/vlba/psrpi/status.html}}.  The observing and data reduction strategy are similar to that used previously in \citet{deller+2016} for PSRs J1022+1001 and J2145--0750 and described in detail in the \ensuremath{\mathrm{PSR}\Large\pi}\ catalog paper (Deller et al., in prep).  PSR~J1640+2224\ is one of the first sources in the \ensuremath{\mathrm{MSPSR}\Large\pi}\ program to complete observations; results for a total of 18 millisecond pulsars (including a comparison of VLBI-derived to timing-derived positions and proper motions to test frame alignment) will be available over the coming 12 months.

The VLBA's maximum recording rate of 2 gigabits per second was employed to sample 256 MHz of bandwidth in dual polarization at each antenna, spanning the range 1392.0--1744.0 MHz while avoiding regions contaminated by radio frequency interference.  The source J1594+1029 was observed once per observation to calibrate the instrumental delays and bandpass, while J1641+2257 was observed every
5 minutes to calibrate atmospheric/ionospheric delays and phases. Around 40 minutes on the target source PSR~J1640+2224\ was obtained per observation.

To refine the atmospheric/ionospheric phase calibration in the pulsar direction and produce the highest quality astrometry, the use of a secondary phase calibrator (preferably in the same field of view as the target pulsar) is highly desirable. A total of four suitably compact and bright background sources were identified in the same field as PSR~J1640+2224\ during a short exploratory observation prior to the commencement of astrometry in 2015, in which the multi-field capability of the DiFX correlator used at the VLBA \citep{deller11a} was employed to inspect every known radio source with 30\arcmin\ of PSR~J1640+2224.  The source J164018.9+221203 was the brightest source in the field (flux density $\sim$100 mJy, angular separation 12\arcmin\ from PSR~J1640+2224) and was used for secondary phase calibration, while the other sources are used for consistency checks.
The positions used for all relevant calibrator sources are shown in Table~\ref{tab:calsources}; the in-beam source reference positions are derived from relative astrometry to J1641+2257 (reference epoch MJD 57500), using the observations presented here.

\begin{deluxetable}{l l l c}
  \tablewidth{0.95\columnwidth}
\tablecaption{VLBI calibrator sources\label{tab:calsources}}
\tablehead{
  \colhead{Source} & \colhead{Right Ascension} & \colhead{Declination} & \colhead{Reference}
  }
\startdata
J1641+2257			& 16:41:25.227564	& 22:57:04.03284	& RFC2015a\footnote{\url{http://astrogeo.org/rfc/}} \\
J163919.7+221120	& 16:39:19.77745	& 22:11:20.0485	& This work \\
J164018.7+222917	& 16:40:18.71436	& 22:29:17.4158	& This work \\
J164018.9+221203	& 16:40:18.90807	& 22:12:03.9182	& This work \\
J164044.3+221016	& 16:40:44.38302	& 22:10:16.4713 & This work
\enddata
\end{deluxetable}

For each astrometric observation, a total of six correlated datasets were produced: one for each of the background sources, and two at the position of PSR~J1640+2224, where one correlation employed pulsar gating \citep{deller07a} to boost sensitivity on the pulsar, and one was ungated.  The pulsar gating made use of an ephemeris derived from observations with the Lovell telescope and was used for all astrometry, while the ungated dataset was used to check the correctness of the pulsar ephemeris.  Calibration was derived and applied in the manner described in \citet{deller+2016}, and used a solution interval of 6 seconds for secondary phase calibration (frequency independent) and 90 seconds for secondary phase calibration (frequency dependent).  A position time series for each of the five in-beam sources (4 background and the pulsar) was obtained via imaging and position fitting as described in \citet{deller+2016}.  Finally, we add an additional component in quadrature to the position uncertainties at each epoch based on the angular separation between the source and the secondary phase calibrator J164018.9+221203, to account for systematic position errors resulting from the differential ionosphere.  The component added in quadrature ranged from 0.05 -- 0.2 mas depending on the source, and was calculated using empirical results from the \ensuremath{\mathrm{PSR}\Large\pi}\ VLBI astrometric campaign containing 60 pulsars \citep[Deller et al. in prep]{deller+2016}.

We fit each position time series for reference position, proper motion, and parallax using the linear least-squares solver \texttt{pmpar}\footnote{\url{https://github.com/walterfb/pmpar}}.  For PSR~J1640+2224, we performed fits using the affine-invariant Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) ensemble sampler \texttt{emcee} \citep{fmhlg13},  solving additionally for orbital inclination $i$ and longitude of ascending node $\Omega$ in order to account for orbital reflex motion.  We used uniform priors for all parameters, excluding only values $i\leq14$\ensuremath{^\circ}, which are ruled out by the mass function obtained by pulsar timing for a companion mass $\leq1.4$ \ensuremath{M_\odot}, assuming the pulsar mass is $\geq1.2$ \ensuremath{M_\odot}. We also cross-checked our results using bootstrap sampling in the manner described in \citet{deller+2016}, obtaining consistent values and uncertainties.  The results
(with 68\% credible intervals)
are shown in Table~\ref{tab:VLBIfit} and plotted in Figure~\ref{fig:VLBIfit}. No significant constraints could be placed on $i$ or $\Omega$ based on the orbital reflex motion, which was small compared to the typical position uncertainty in a single epoch.  The unknown reflex motion did, however, lead to larger uncertainties on the parallax and proper motion, and so if the inclination in particular could be better constrained, the distance and transverse velocity uncertainties for PSR~J1640+2224\ could be further reduced.  The VLBI-estimated position and proper motion are consistent at the 1-$\sigma$ level with the 9-year NANOGrav results presented by \citet{mnf+16}.

As an additional cross-check, we inspected the astrometric fits for the three other background sources not used for secondary phase calibration.  In the absence of calibration errors, if all sources are distant background objects that do not exhibit structural variations, then their fitted proper motions and parallaxes should be consistent with zero.  In most cases, the fitted values are consistent with zero, and in almost all cases they are smaller than the uncertainties on the corresponding parameters for PSR~J1640+2224.  The exceptions were J163919.7+221120, with a significant measurement of $\mu_\alpha = 0.17 \pm 0.05$ mas yr$^{-1}$, and J164018.7+222917 with $\mu_\alpha = 0.26 \pm 0.12$ mas yr$^{-1}$.  Both of these sources have a larger angular separation to the secondary phase calibrator than does PSR~J1640+2224, meaning that any systematic errors in the fitted parameters for PSR~J1640+2224\ should be smaller than these values.  If structural evolution in J163919.7+221120 or  J164018.7+222917 played a significant role in producing these offsets, then the maximum expected value of any systematic errors for PSR~J1640+2224\ would be even smaller.

\begin{deluxetable}{l c}
  \tablewidth{0.9\columnwidth}
\tablecaption{VLBI Astrometric Parameter Fits\label{tab:VLBIfit}}
\tablehead{
  \colhead{Parameter} & \colhead{Value}
  }
\startdata
R.A. (J2000) & 16:40:16.74587\,$\pm\,0.00007$ \\
Decl. (J2000) & 22:24:08.764\,$\pm\,0.001$ \\
Position epoch (MJD) & 57500 \\
R.A. offset\tablenotemark{A} (mas) & $-29985.23 \pm 0.07$ \\
Decl. offset\tablenotemark{A} (mas) & $724845.93 \pm 0.12$ \\
$\mu_\alpha$ ($\mathrm{mas}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$) & $2.19 \pm 0.08$ \\
$\mu_\delta$ ($\mathrm{mas}\,\mathrm{yr}^{-1}$) & $-11.28 \pm 0.14$ \\
Parallax (mas) & $0.66 \pm 0.07$ \\
Distance (pc) & $1520^{+170}_{-150}$ \\
$v_T$ ($\mathrm{km}\,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$) & $82^{+11}_{-9}$
\enddata
\tablenotetext{A}{Relative to the reference position for J164018.9+221203.}
\end{deluxetable}

\begin{figure}[htb]
	\begin{center}
    \begin{tabular}{c}
	\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{ratime_nopm_J1640+2224.pdf} \\
    \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{dectime_nopm_J1640+2224.pdf}
    \end{tabular}
	\caption{Relative position offset for PSR~J1640+2224\ in right ascension (top) and declination (bottom)
			as a function of time, after subtracting proper motion to highlight the parallax contribution.
			For plotting purposes, the poorly constrained orbital reflex motion has been neglected.}
	\label{fig:VLBIfit}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Optical Observations}
\label{sec:observations}

PSR~J1640+2224\ was observed with the Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 (WFPC2) aboard
\textit{HST}\ in October 1995 as part of a program to observe WD companions of six MSPs.
The source was imaged with the Planetary Camera (PC) detector.
Images were made with the F555W ($V$-band) and F814W ($I$-band) filters with
exposure times of 1000 s and 800 s, respectively.
Figure~\ref{fig:J1640image} shows a drizzled \citep{fh2002} combined image
downloaded from the Hubble Legacy Archive. The absolute astrometry has been
improved to 0\farcs3, compared to 0\farcs8 from \citet{lfc1996}.

\begin{figure}[htb]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{PSRJ1640_image.pdf}
	\caption{Drizzled \citep{fh2002} image of PSR~J1640+2224\ from \textit{HST}\ observations by \citet{lfc1996}
			using WFPC2. The central red circle indicates the position of the pulsar based on
			pulsar timing observations, corrected to the observation epoch.
			The circle's radius of 0\farcs3 reflects the absolute
			astrometric uncertainty. The optical source, located inside the red circle, is consistent
			with the pulsar. For reference, the other red circle
			indicates a source from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey \citep{SDSS}.
			The astrometric agreement allows us to conclude that we have
			in fact identified the counterpart to PSR~J1640+2224\ (cf.\ \citealt{lfc1996}).}
	\label{fig:J1640image}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

Data reduction was done with \texttt{HSTphot}\ (version 1.1; \citealt{dolphin2000}).
We masked bad pixels, estimated the sky level, and masked cosmic rays by comparing
exposure pairs. We used point-spread function (PSF) fitting photometry using the revised
calibration of \citet{dolphin2009}. Since the fields were relatively sparse, we did not allow
\texttt{HSTphot}\ to determine the PSF residual and we used the default aperture corrections.
There were no significant differences in the final magnitudes
when we varied the processing steps.
We found $25.52 \pm 0.12 \, \mathrm{mag}$ in the F555W filter,
and $24.62 \pm 0.16 \, \mathrm{mag}$ in the F814W filter.
Our F814W magnitude is the same as the value reported by \citet{lfc1996},
but our F555W magnitude is $0.5 \, \mathrm{mag}$ brighter
(a 1.7-sigma difference).

The extinction and its uncertainty were obtained from
the 3D Galactic dust map by \citet{green+2015}, which gives the reddening $E(B-V)$
along the line of sight as a function of distance,
using the VLBI-measured distance.
We converted from $E(B-V)$ to the extinctions in each band using
$R_V=3.1$ and the extinction coefficients $A_\lambda$ from \citet{girardi+2008},
with an additional 15\% reduction in $A_\lambda$
based on the revised calibration in \citet{sf2011},
and found $A_V = 0.12 \pm 0.03$.

\section{WD Atmosphere Fitting}
\label{sec:coolingcurves}
We fit the photometry
using both hydrogen-atmosphere (DA) and helium-atmosphere (DB) models
from \citet{tbg11} and \citet{bwd+11},
respectively\footnote{Also see \url{http://www.astro.umontreal.ca/{\raisebox{-0.7ex}{\ensuremath{\tilde{\;}}}}bergeron/CoolingModels/}.}.
These models tabulate synthetic photometry integrated throughout the
\textit{HST}/WFPC2 filter passbands in the Vega system (like
\texttt{hstphot}) for a range of effective temperatures, masses, and radii.
To simplify our analysis, we only used WD atmosphere models
for a single reference mass $M_\mathrm{ref}$.
We compared the model magnitudes
with the observed apparent magnitudes according to
\[
	m = M + 5 \log_{10} \left( \frac{d}{10 \, \mathrm{pc}} \right) + A_\lambda - 5 \log_{10} \left[ \frac{R_c(\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}}, M_c)}{R_\mathrm{ref}} \right] \,,
\]
where $m$ is the observed apparent magnitude,
$M$ is the absolute magnitude from the WD models,
$d$ is the distance,
$A_\lambda$ is the extinction in a particular band,
$R_c$ is the WD radius,
\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}}\ is the effective temperature,
and $M_c$ is the WD mass.
$R_\mathrm{ref}$ is the radius of a WD
with temperature \ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}}\ and
whose mass is the reference mass $M_\mathrm{ref}$.
The final term in this expression incorporates
the dependence on the WD mass and radius by adjusting
the magnitudes based on the ratio between the WD radius
for a particular effective temperature and WD mass [$R_c(\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}}, M_c)$]
and the radius for that temperature and the model mass [$R_\mathrm{ref}$].
This simplification introduces an error of $<0.1 \, \mathrm{mag}$,
which is smaller than the photometric uncertainties.

We used two sets of models to determine the WD radius.
Since the DA and DB models assume a carbon-oxygen (CO) core,
we only used the WD radius from these models for $\ensuremath{M_c} \geq 0.4 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$,
where the assumption of a CO core is likely correct.
For $\ensuremath{M_c} < 0.4 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$, we used low-mass He-core WD models from \citet{imt+16}
to determine the radius as a function of mass and temperature.

We performed the model fits with the
affine-invariant Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) ensemble sampler \texttt{emcee} \citep{fmhlg13}.
We used a uniform prior on \ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}}\ between $4000$ and $10\,000 \, \mathrm{K}$,
and a Gaussian prior on $A_\lambda$ with mean and standard deviation
determined from the \citet{green+2015} 3D Galactic dust map for this distance and line of sight.
We used a Gaussian prior on the parallax centered around the VLBI-measured value
and a uniform prior on the WD mass between $0.2$ and $1.2 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$.

Table~\ref{tab:mcmc_fit} lists the best-fit values, and
Fig.~\ref{fig:J1640mcmc} shows the posterior distributions
obtained using DA and DB WD models.
We find an effective temperature of
$\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}} = 6090^{+780}_{-590} \, \mathrm{K}$ and
$\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}} = 6000^{+790}_{-570} \, \mathrm{K}$ for DA and DB WDs, respectively.
These values are significantly higher than the value reported by \citet{lfc1996},
but they are consistent with those in \citet{hp1998}.
For the WD mass, we find
$\ensuremath{M_c} = 0.71^{+0.21}_{-0.20} \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$ with DA models
and $\ensuremath{M_c} = 0.66^{+0.21}_{-0.19} \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$ with DB models,
and our results indicate $\ensuremath{M_c} > 0.4 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$ with $>90\%$-confidence
for both DA and DB models.
This suggests the companion is most likely a CO WD.

\begin{deluxetable}{l c c}
  \tablewidth{0.95\columnwidth}
\tablecaption{WD Parameter Fits\label{tab:mcmc_fit}}
\tablehead{
  \colhead{Parameter} & DA WD & DB WD} \\
\startdata
\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}}\ (K) & $6090^{+780}_{-590}$ & $6000^{+790}_{-570}$  \\
$d$ (pc) & $1520^{+180}_{-140}$ & $1520^{+170}_{-140}$ \\
$A_V$ & $0.12^{+0.03}_{-0.03}$ & $0.12^{+0.03}_{-0.03}$\\
$R_c$ ($10^{-2} R_\odot$) & $1.12^{+0.26}_{-0.23}$ & $1.18^{+0.26}_{-0.24}$ \\
$M_c$ ($\ensuremath{M_\odot}$) & $0.71^{+0.21}_{-0.20}$ & ${0.66^{+0.21}_{-0.19}}$ \\
$\chi^2$ & $1.33$ & $1.54$
\enddata
\tablecomments{Values are the median and 68\% confidence intervals from the marginalized posterior distributions.}
\end{deluxetable}

\begin{figure}[ht]
	\begin{center}
	\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{J1640mcmc_VLBI.pdf}
	\caption{Joint two-dimensional posterior probability distributions
			and marginalized one-dimensional posterior probability distributions
			from fitting the \textit{HST}\ photometry to WD cooling models.
			We use the VLBI-measured parallax as a prior on the distance,
			and a Gaussian prior on the extinction $A_V$ with mean and standard deviation
			taken from the \citet{green+2015} 3D galactic dust map.
			We show fits to both DA model WDs (blue curves) and DB model WDs (red curves).
			Best-fit parameter values and uncertainties are listed in Table~\ref{tab:mcmc_fit}.}
	\label{fig:J1640mcmc}
	\end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Discussion and Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}

Here we present measurements of the parallax and transverse velocity
of PSR~J1640+2224\ from VLBI astrometry,
including the first precise distance measurement for this system.
We measured an annual geometric parallax of $0.66 \pm 0.07 \, \mathrm{mas}$,
which yields a distance of $1520^{+170}_{-150} \, \mathrm{pc}$.
We used this distance measurement to reanalyze the 1995 \textit{HST}\ observations of PSR~J1640+2224\
in order to infer the WD companion's mass.
We were also able to improve upon the original analysis
by taking advantage of improvements in \textit{HST}\ calibration, updated WD cooling models,
and a new 3D model of Galactic dust.

The original analysis by \citet{lfc1996}
identified the companion as a low-mass He-core WD
with $\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}} = 4200 \pm 300 \, \mathrm{K}$ and $\ensuremath{M_c} = 0.25 \pm 0.10 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$.
Our reanalysis found a significantly higher temperature of
$\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}} = 6090^{+780}_{-590} \, \mathrm{K}$ and
$\ensuremath{T_{\rm eff}} = 6000^{+790}_{-570} \, \mathrm{K}$ for DA and DB WDs, respectively.
We also found a higher companion mass than previously reported,
$\ensuremath{M_c} = 0.71^{+0.21}_{-0.20} \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$ with DA models
and $\ensuremath{M_c} = 0.66^{+0.21}_{-0.19} \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$ with DB models.
Our analysis finds $\ensuremath{M_c} > 0.4 \, \ensuremath{M_\odot}$ with $>90\%$-confidence for both DA and DB models,
indicating the companion is mostly likely a CO WD,
rather than a He-core WD as formation models predict.

Identifying the WD companion as either a He-core WD or CO WD
has implications for NS-WD binary formation models.
The low spin period indicates PSR~J1640+2224\ has been fully recycled,
and that combined with its low orbital eccentricity implies it formed
in a LMXB, in which case its companion should be a He-core WD.
If that is the case, a precise measurement of the WD mass
can be used to constrain the theoretical $\ensuremath{P_b}-\ensuremath{M_c}$
relationship for wide-orbit LMXBs.
There are only a dozen observations known to verify this relationship since relatively few pulsar binaries have precise measurements of the companion mass, especially in wide systems with $P_b > 20\;{\rm days}$ \citep{tvh14}.
Furthermore, there are a number of factors that may affect the WD mass,
including the convective mixing-length parameter
and the metallicity of the WD progenitor star
\citep{ts1999, stairs+2005, sl2012, imt+16}.

If the companion is instead a CO~WD, then the formation of this system is a puzzle.
Most pulsars with CO~WD companions formed in IMXBs,
which typically yield partially-recycled MSPs with relatively
long spin periods ($P>10 \, \mathrm{ms}$) and short orbital periods
($\ensuremath{P_b}<40\,\mathrm{days}$).
However, there are exceptions.
The binary pulsar J1614$-$2230 has a massive CO WD companion and a
spin period of $3.15 \, \mathrm{ms}$, which is comparable to PSR~J1640+2224,
although its orbital period is significantly shorter
($\ensuremath{P_b}=8 \, \mathrm{days}$; \citealt{tlk2011,tlk2012}).
Another possibility is that
PSR~J1640+2224's formation involved dynamical encounters,
as is believed to be the case for
PSR J1903+0327 \citep{champion+2008},
PSR J1835$-$3259A \citep{decesar+2015}, and
PSR J1024$-$0719 \citep{kaplan+2016, bassa+2016}.
However, PSR J1903+0327 and PSR J1835$-$3259A both have
highly eccentric orbits\footnote{The orbital eccentricity of PSR J1024$-$0719 is not well constrained
due to the extremely long orbital period.}
whereas PSR~J1640+2224\ is in a nearly circular orbit.

Measurements of the WD mass are limited by the low S/N of the original observations,
as well as having observations in only two filters ($V$-band and $I$-band).
Higher precision optical observations in three or more filters
could be used to get a more precise mass measurement.
Additionally, long-term high-cadence timing observations of PSR~J1640+2224\
may be able to break the degeneracies in the timing model
between the astrometric and binary parameters,
allowing for the companion mass to be measured via the Shapiro delay.

\acknowledgements

We thank Saul Rappaport and Joris Verbiest for
helpful comments and suggestions.
SJV~and DLK~are funded by the NSF Physics Frontiers Center award number 1430284.
AGI~acknowledges support from the NASA Astrophysics Theory Program
through NASA grant NNX13AH43G.
Access to the Lovell Telescope and pulsar research at the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics
is supported through an STFC consolidated grant.
The Long Baseline Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation
operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc.
Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA \textit{Hubble Space Telescope},
and obtained from the Hubble Legacy Archive, which is a collaboration
between the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI/NASA), the Space
Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST-ECF/ESA) and the Canadian
Astronomy Data Centre (CADC/NRC/CSA).

{\it Facilities:} \facility{HST (WFPC2)}, \facility{VLBA}

\bibliographystyle{aasjournal}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Millennium Challenge Corporation end financial support to Mozambique
The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MMC) announced, in a statement issued Friday in Maputo that in September all financial support for projects in Mozambique would come to an end.
The MCC said that taking into consideration its regulations "there is no possible extension for funds" in Mozambique.
Five years ago the Mozambican authorities received a donation of around US$50 million to be used by September 2013 for road, water supply and agriculture projects in the provinces of Nampula, Niassa, Cabo Delgado and Zambézia.
The statement from the MCC said that "no activity that occurs after the established date (22 September 2013) for the aid package to end will be funded, with the exception of some activities exclusively related to the closure of the aid package, which will be extended until 20 January 2014."
The MCA, a Mozambican state body set up to implement the fund's programme has advised all services providers and contractors to send their invoices as "quickly as possible" for payments to be made. (macauhub)
Gas distribution network in Maputo, Mozambique, almost complete
Angolan textile factory Textang II due to re-launch production in 2013
European Union and World bank boost aid to Mozambique
Government of Angola bans trade in wildlife
Angolan oil company wins international tender in Brazil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Manchester City recovered from their second domestic disappointment of the season at Liverpool in the only way that they know, by scoring lots of goals in a 5-1 thrashing of Premier League newcomers Norwich.
Victories for closest companions Manchester United and Tottenham against Aston Villa and Bolton meant that their advantage at the top remains five points, however the manner of their latest win saw them backed in to 4/7 for the title.
But while they are in a position of great strength back home, the dramatic return to form of their Champions League rivals Bayern Munich and Napoli after difficult periods in their own leagues is a cause of fresh concern ahead of Wednesday.
Roberto Mancini's side must beat Group A leaders Bayern Munich and hope that Napoli fail to take all three points away to pointless Villarreal, yet their enemies ensured on Saturday evening that they will enter those deciders on similar highs.
The German giants, who have little to play for having already secured top spot, bounced back from successive Bundesliga defeats with a 4-1 triumph over high-flying Werder Bremen in which Franck Ribery and Arjen Robben both scored twice.
Napoli meanwhile shrugged off the surrender of a 3-1 lead against Juventus in midweek to claim a first Serie A win in five against lowly Lecce.
The 4-2 success marked their most prolific performance of the season and the first time that they have properly delivered after resting some star names. They are 8/11 to build on it in Spain against Villarreal, who lost 1-0 to Racing Santander.
Manchester City are surprisingly well fancied to fulfil their half of the bargain by overcoming Bayern at 8/13, though that isn't expected to be enough, as odds of 11/5 are offered on them reaching the last 16 in their debut campaign.


But Trump's speech was not all gloom and doom: the most, well, sad linguistic fact of his inaugural address is that no president has ever said the word "solidarity" until Trump. He said, "we must speak our minds openly, debate our disagreements honestly, but always pursue solidarity. When America is united, America is totally unstoppable." Neither Grant, who might have used the word to describe the struggle against the Confederacy, nor Franklin Roosevelt, who might have appropriated it from the labor movement, ever used the word itself. Of course, the word has been sullied for presidential politics by its longstanding association with labor and socialism. But are Trump and his speechwriters reclaiming it for themselves?
as in socialist internationalism's disavowal of the nationalism, the dominant motif of Trump's inaugural address, or anti-colonial revolutionaries' alliances across boundary lines of nationality, religion, or language. It also requires the tactical flexibility to unite with people politically unlike oneself.
Marx and Engels' elegant formulation makes a pair: first the enemy, and then the redemptive victory against it. "The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains," the Manifesto reads. "They have a world to win." For all its militarism and its phantom enemies, Trump's campaign and his new presidency also offered a redemptive version of unity, one which his opponent's campaign–"I'm With Her" was the slogan, you will recall–never managed. Trump makes a good enemy–but we will need a vision of solidarity to beat his in fact and in feeling.


A luxury venue nestled in Sohna Road Gurgaon suitable for your large gathering celebrations like Birthday Party, First Birthday Party, and Wedding Celebrations!
Casa Bella is nestled in the heart of Gurgaon on the Sohna Road.
The ambiance is very warm and is suitably matched by the personalized attention.
Casa Bella is a luxury heaven and is the preferred destination for elite social events, top end mice and recreation for the corporate and leisure travelers alike. It is best suited for occasions like birthday party, weddings, meetings, fashion shows, conferences, exhibition, corporate parties and various such social gatherings.
Celebrated my kids first birthday party at this banquet and the service was commendable! really loved the food. my guests had also had a gala time here at the party.


text:
Q: Storing large (~30k elements) float array in Java What is the correct way to store large static arrays in Java?
I have three arrays of floats, each consisting of about 30000 elements that I need to access from my program. The contents of the arrays will not change.
Edit: I am currently not able to access the arrays from any Java program without splitting them up into relatively small (sub 1k elements) arrays, putting them in separate methods (each limited to 64KB of bytecode) and then merging them in the program. Which seems like an abysmal solution to me.

A: Made a separate program that accepted the matrices on stdin and stored them in files. First row in each file is an integer representing the number of elements in the matrix, the following rows are the actual matrix elements. Not a pretty solution, but it got the job done.
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    Scanner in = new Scanner(System.in);
    float[] floatArray;
    int count = in.nextInt();
    float temp;
    int i = 0;
    floatArray = new float[count];
    while (in.hasNextFloat()) {
        temp = in.nextFloat();
        floatArray[i] = temp;
        i++;
        }
        ObjectOutputStream outputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("glockVert.arr"));
        outputStream.writeObject(floatArray);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Below: Inisde of box is has epoxy / glass on all seams and in general the whole inside of the box is all epoxy glassed. The cut in the deck is saturated with epoxy as well as all the deck screw holes. Butyl tape was used to seal the plastic lid to the deck. The hose for the drain is glued to the box with 3M 5200.


"Ring Quest Part One": Mongul is briefed by his ring about the Sinestro Corps, while Guy and Kyle decide to move to Oa and start up a bar.
Well, at least the entertainment value of your presence alone will be worth putting up with your relocation.
Appearing in "Ring Quest Part One"
Synopsis for "Ring Quest Part One"
Mongul is briefed by his ring about the Sinestro Corps, while Guy and Kyle decide to move to Oa and start up a bar.
This book was first published on January 09, 2008.
This issue is reprinted in the trade paperback Ring Quest.
The War of Light is a multi-year saga in the Green Lantern family of titles, exploring, but not limited to the introduction of other Lantern Corps. Beginning with prologue Green Lantern: Rebirth, it includes many sub-storylines, such as the Sinestro Corps War, Rage of the Red Lanterns, Sins of the Star Sapphire, Agent Orange, and Emerald Eclipse. The story ended with the company wide crossover event, the Blackest Night.


text:
Home Youtuber Chad Zuber Age, Wikipedia, Height, Family and Net Worth
Chad Zuber Age, Wikipedia, Height, Family and Net Worth
Photo Courtesy: Flickr
How old is Chad Zuber?
Do you workout? (q&a)
How Much Money Does Chad Zuber Make on YouTube?(Net Worth)
Chad Zuber age 48 ( born on July 15, 1972) in Los Angeles is a popular American YouTube creator, model, and professional outdoor photographer. When he was 10 months old his parents moved to San Diego. He is popular for filming primitive shelter buildings, stream water disinfection, cooking, gathering food, and primitive way of bathing with natural soap videos. In the early days due to hard economic times, failure to succeed in modern life was the main reason for him to live a primitive life. His age is 48 years old and has an estimated net worth of $2.5 million.
He started filming on camera D7200 along with his dog Rufo as his companion in wild. Many people wanted to know "is chad Zuber married?". After several hours of research, we knew that he is a married man. His wife's name is Veronica and he has three children Victoria (elder daughter), Andy (son), and Azriel (younger son).
Zuber's main sources of income are the sale of stock photos, YouTube ad revenue, and modeling. Besides his love of nature, he is interested in learning different languages. At present, he can speak English, Spanish & Portuguese. Also, he speaks a little Russian. Do check out the Swedwoods and Nagualero channel, they make similar videos like him.
In many interviews, he recommends carrying a good sharp knife, Paracord, and something to make a fire while camping outdoor to his viewers.
Chad Zuber
Nick Name Zuber
Birth Place Los Angeles
Date of Birth 1952-07-15 00:00:00
Height In centimeter- 195 cm
Weight In Kilogram - 79 kg
Profession YouTuber, Photographer and Model
Parents Mother-N/A , Father- N/A
Wife Veronica
College Palomar College, San Diego
Net Worth $2.5 Million
He attended Orange Glen High School, California. Chad is a college dropout from Palomar College in San Diego.
He has shared his age in his latest video "Making a juniper mattress and collecting wild beans" that he is 48 years old.
"Yes, I work out, but not in a gym. I have some weights that I use and also do a lot of bodyweight exercises. I also run and sometimes swim, I hike frequently to collect wild foods and to shoot these videos so I'm very active all the time"- Chad
His channel has over 1.99 million subscribers as of 2021 and has gained about 234 million views so far. Every month he uploads a two to three video on his channel and the subscriber is growing exponentially at the rate of 1200 new subscribers every single day. Total upload video generates over 6 million page views a month. Therefore he is earning estimated revenue of 2000 per day ($720000 annually) solely from YouTube ads that run on his videos.
As of 2021, he has an estimated net worth of $2.5 million. He doesn't promote any affiliate product in his video nor collaborate with any brand.
Chad Zuber's age is 48 years old as of now.
Also, he is a professional photographer.
Likewise, he is living along with his family in San Diego.
Chad is a German name.
He is of American nationality.
His Dog name is Rofu.
He is a College dropout but later on, he studied of his own.
His wife's name is Veronica and she is a mother of three children.
Zuber was born in Los Angeles.
In the early days, he generates most of his revenue from selling stock photos.
If I have left out any information about Chad Zuber, please do let us know!
Previous articleAnnabel Margaret (the Green Witch) Age, Wikipedia, Net Worth
Next articleChrome Valdez (Vancity Vanlife) Age, Bio, Real Name, Wiki and Net Worth
Hannah Barron Height, Age, Relationship, Fitness, Net worth and MORE!
SamCrac Age, Wife, Real Name, Divorce, Family, Net Worth
Vtuned Garage Age, Real Name, Brother, Net Worth


text:
CNY Woman Warns of 'Evil Close to Home' After Scary Parking Lot Run-In
A scary parking lot moment with a stranger has a Utica woman warning others. "The evil we hear about all the time is very real and close to home."
Vanessa Dingle was stopped in the Price Chopper parking lot by a man as she was getting out of her car. She describes him as a white male in his late 30s to early 40s. "He looked like a regular middle classed clean cut guy. He was in a dark gray Jeep Cherokee with tinted windows."
The man told Dingle he was trying to get home to his family and needed money for gas. "I told him to go across the street to Fastrac and I'd put a couple dollars in," Dingle wrote on Facebook.
Dingle claims when she drove across the street, the jeep pulled up, blocking her from going into the store. "He said come here I just got to show you something. I quickly walked between our vehicles around the back of his and went into FasTrac."
While Dingle was in the store, she says the man drove off. "Luckily I'm smart enough and paranoid enough not to have gotten that close."
The scary few moments has left Dingle thankful she's safe. "Thank God I was able to make it back home to my sick children right here in Utica."
Dingle isn't alone. "The same thing happened to me 1/2 hour before that," said Kris Marie. "I didn't call the cops either. Stupid on my part. Just wasn't thinking and wanted to get away quick."
Filed Under: utica, warning


Northwest Green Chemistry empowers businesses and entrepreneurs in the Northwest to be innovative and sustainable through green chemistry and green engineering practices. We provide education, services, and frameworks to drive innovation.
Alternatives assessment is used by governments to drive a shift from products containing chemicals of concern to safer alternatives. Businesses use alternatives assessment to support ongoing product development and innovation. Safer alternatives can involve simple chemical substitutions, complete product reformulations, shifts to new material platforms, or completely new and disruptive technologies. NGC is performing an alternatives assessment based on the Interstate Chemicals Clearinghouse Alternatives Assessment Guide, assessing alternatives to copper in anti-fouling boat paints.
No matter how you cut it, sustainability is a multi-faceted systems problem that requires optimizing multiple parameters. In that sense, it is like human health whereby different systems must work together to achieve overall well being. Just as no one single attribute defines human health, no one single attribute defines a sustainable product. But it is possible to define principles, to identify useful tools, and to set benchmarks that can drive innovation and continual improvement toward sustainable products. Because sustainable design is not prescriptive, there are no limits to the potential for creativity and innovation.
Learn more about NGC's initiative to apply the Biofriendly Product Framework to materials used in Additive Manufacturing.
Tools and policies work together to drive innovation, especially when it comes to integrating green chemistry and green engineering into product design and development. Northwest Green Chemistry supports the emergence of safe, healthy and innovative products into the market place. We provide consulting services and training on alternatives assessment and useful tools such as the Quick Chemical Assessment Tool (QCAT) and mentoring of entrepreneurs and innovators who seek to create products that provide solutions to human health and environmental challenges.


Minneapolis, Minnesota residents looking for Internet service that is quick and economical have a clear choice—CenturyLink High-Speed Internet. When you sign up for Internet service from CenturyLink you get to choose a speed that will suit your budget and your lifestyle demands. You'll have no trouble connecting all the phones, computers, and tablets in your Minneapolis home. And, on top of that, CenturyLink High-Speed Internet in Minneapolis comes with round-the-clock access to your online account and 11 free email accounts. You can even watch your favorite TV shows on the CenturyLink home page. To truly take advantage of Internet service from CenturyLink, look into the 3 Year Price-Lock Guarantee. Give us a call today and set up CenturyLink High-Speed Internet in your Minneapolis home. Make the call today. The number is 1-612-284-3252.
With a home phone from CenturyLink, Minneapolis residents get a number of useful perks, including unlimited local calling. Home phone plans from CenturyLink provide a level of reliability that cell phones simply cannot offer. With a home phone in Minneapolis, you'll be able to avoid common downfalls of cell phones such as patchy coverage, dropped calls, bad sound quality, or weak connections. Having a home phone from CenturyLink gives you the peace of mind that comes with knowing you can make a call whenever you need to. Plus, for a few extra dollars each month, you can upgrade to Unlimited Nationwide calling so that you can visit with loved ones all over the country. If your friends and family live in other parts of the world, look into international and multilingual calling plans offered by CenturyLink. Sign up for home phone with CenturyLink and start enjoying advanced calling features and better communication today.
Did you know that CenturyLink bundles in Minneapolis can bring you a wide selection of home services while saving you money? Double and triple play bundles from CenturyLink combine the important home services you use every day at low prices. Plus, you won't have to worry about the long-term cost of popular CenturyLink bundles, since you can get a 3 Year Price-Lock Guarantee that keeps the cost the same every single month for the complete length of your contract. You can easily find a home phone, TV, and Internet bundle that fits in with your budget and your preferences. CenturyLink gives you customizable options when you choose a bundle so you get exactly what your Minneapolis home needs. You'll get to select the channels you want, choose from a variety of features, and even pick a specific Internet speed. And you'll also get access to DIRECTV's exclusive NFL SUNDAY TICKET when you bundle CenturyLink with DIRECTV. Start saving money on basic services for your Minneapolis home with a bundle from CenturyLink.


text:
Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry (1)
(-) Karen Vasquez, Ph.D. (2)
(-) Robert O. (Bill) Williams III, Ph.D. (3)
(-) Samuel M. Poloyac, Pharm.D., Ph.D. (1)
Carolyn M. Brown, Ph.D., FAPhA (2)
Christopher R. Frei, Pharm.D., M.Sc. (1)
Diane B. Ginsburg, Ph.D., M.S., R.Ph., FASHP (2)
Jennifer Ridings-Myhra, M.Ed. (1)
John H. Richburg, Ph.D. (1)
Kelly Renee Reveles, Pharm.D., Ph.D., BCPS (1)
Kimberly Nixon, Ph.D. (1)
Kirk Evoy, Pharm.D., BCACP, BC-ADM, CTTS (1)
Kristin Janzen, Pharm.D., BCPS (1)
Nathan D. Pope, Pharm.D., FAPhA (1)
Rueben A. Gonzales, Ph.D. (1)
(-) Karen Vasquez, Ph.D.
(-) Robert O. (Bill) Williams III, Ph.D.
(-) Samuel M. Poloyac, Pharm.D., Ph.D.
Faculty Earn State Grants for Cancer Research
The Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT) has released its grant research funding awards for the upcoming year. All three awarded research projects at The University of Texas at Austin involve College of Pharmacy faculty.
Texas Pharmacy Rises to #8 Nationally for Total Research Funding
The University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy moved up in several research funding categories, as reported in the newly-released rankings from the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP). The college rose to #8 nationally in total research funding during the 2019-2020 fiscal year, compared to #9 in 2018-2019.
An Update from Dean Crismon
An update from Dean M. Lynn Crismon regarding the College of Pharmacy's transition to remote learning and efforts to learn, research, graduate, and stay healthy during the COVID-19 pandemic.
New Delivery Method Could Make Niclosamide an Effective Antiviral to Treat COVID-19
A team of researchers in the college, led by Robert O. (Bill) Williams III and Hugh D. Smyth, is investigating varying methods of drug delivery to repurpose existing drugs in order to treat and prevent serious COVID-19 virus symptoms in patients.
Vasquez collaborates on paper published in Nature
College of Pharmacy Professor Karen M. Vasquez, Ph.D. recently collaborated on a research paper exploring the mechanisms involved in DNA structure-induced genetic instability in human disease. "Mechanisms of genetic instability caused by (CGG)n repeats in an experimental mammalian system" recently published in Nature, and includes co-authors Artem V. Kononenko, Thomas Ebersole, and Sergei M. Mirkin from Tufts University.
Williams named Inventor of the Year
Bill Williams was named the 2017 Inventor of the Year by the university's Office of Technology Commercialization.


text:
July 6, 2015 / 3:43 PM / 4 years ago
Armenian protesters call for evening rally after police remove barricades
Hasmik Mkrtchyan
A policeman removes a barricade built with garbage bins by protesters against a hike in electricity prices in Yerevan, Armenia, July 6, 2015. REUTERS/Hayk Baghdasaryan/Photolure
YEREVAN (Reuters) - Armenian protest leaders called for a rally on Monday evening in the capital Yerevan after police briefly arrested dozens of protesters and removed barricades following two weeks of demonstrations over electricity prices.
Thousands of people have been protesting in the evenings over the electricity price increase which is due to take effect on Aug. 1, though their numbers fall during the day.
President Serzh Sargsyan's promise to suspend the price rise for households until after an independent review failed to end protests in the ex-Soviet country of 3.2 million that has been hit by economic downturn in Russia, its main trading partner.
On Monday, police reopened Bagramyan Avenue without resorting to force while a representative for the protest organizers called for a rally in nearby Freedom Square.
"We won't give up our demands, we will continue our fight," Arthur Harutyunyan said, reading from a statement.
The state regulatory commission decided in June that household electricity prices should rise after the distribution company, a subsidiary of Russian firm Inter RAO, citing a decline in the dram currency, asked for a price hike.
Armenian officials have called the planned increases justified but the government says it will cover the price rise out of state funds until an independent audit of Inter RAO's subsidiary is completed. That review has not yet begun.
Writing by Margarita Antidze; Editing by Louise Ireland


(1) The General Terms and Conditions of intelliAd GmbH Media GmbH, Sendlinger Str. 7, 80331 Munich, Germany (hereinafter "intelliAd") regulate the use of the intelliAd E PWR Software-as-a-Service (hereinafter "intelliAd E PWR" or "Saas") based on the contract concluded with the Customer in addition to any other contractually arranged appendices. Provisions to the contrary from the Customer shall also not become a component of the contract if intelliAd has not expressly objected to them.
(2) intelliAd only renders its services for companies. Companies are either legal or natural persons or legally responsible partnerships who negotiate as part of their trade or business operations when concluding a legal transaction.
The services are made available as part of a service contract according to §§ 611 ff. BGB.
(2) An additional object of this contract is the server-side use of the web application which has the purpose of the customer's/user's use of the application detailed in Paragraph 1. intelliAd E PWR runs exclusively server-based and accesses the CPC / CPM bids in an ordered manner through the e-commerce marketplace's API interfaces (e.g. Google AdWords/Merchant APIs, Amazon Vendor / Seller APIs). intelliAd regulates according to the Customer's objectives (e.g. minimum number of clicks under the additional condition of budget limitations or a maximum CPC / CPM bid) and puts these Customer objectives into practice – to the extent allowed by market conditions – in a bidding strategy chosen by the Customer and for which the Customer is also responsible.
The programming and intelliAd E PWR remain the sole property of intelliAd. The Customer may use the software for free during the trial period and in exchange for payment upon its expiry, in accordance with the selected price model as stipulated in these terms and conditions, and solely on websites operated by intelliAd.
intelliAd has various price models for providing Customers a service offering tailored to their individual needs. These comprise various services and features (see www.e-pwr.io/pricing). The following services apply for all customers unless another price model or scope of service has been agreed between the Parties.
(1) intelliAd E PWR enables the Customer to administer his or her accounts and keywords in accordance with the selected price model and scope of service, using suitable server capacity. intelliAd reserves the right to expand or migrate server capacity and availability based on its own assessments. In doing so, intelliAd shall provide the Customer with the technical capability required for the service stipulated in §2 Paragraph 2 to reach the WorldWideWeb. intelliAd is responsible for the proper functioning of the service – not that of the WorldWideWeb.
(2) In order to enable the Customer to administer his or her accounts, he or she receives access to a so-called intelliAd software front end on which the accounts and campaign data are aggregated and recorded in a manner typical for both the market and the sector. Furthermore, the Customer is provided with a username and password for logging into websites from intelliAd and/or websites belonging to third-party providers (Okta).
(3) intelliAd is entitled to suspend operation of the Saas for the purposes of maintenance and updating work or to resolve any technical disruptions. As far as technically possible, intelliAd will carry out such work outside of the normal usage times, preferably at night or in the early hours of the morning (Central European Time).
(4) The SaaS has an annual average accessibility of 99%. This does not, however, include times in which the accessibility of intelliAd was interrupted due to technical or other problems which were beyond intelliAd's control or otherwise caused by intelliAd (e.g. force majeure, the fault of third parties, server-side manipulations from third parties in the form of hacking attacks, API interface outages on the markets, maintenance work about which the Customer has been notified in a timely manner etc.). Also excepted are interruptions which arise during the first 4 weeks after commencement of the contract and therefore form part of the initial set-up.
(1) Should malfunctioning occur through using the server as stipulated in § 3 Paragraph 1 of this contract, the Customer is to inform intelliAd accordingly by email (support@intelliad.de) or by fax.
(2) The Customer is required to treat the access details according to § 3 Paragraph 2 of this contract with the utmost care, is not to pass them on, and is to prevent improper use of the access details by third parties. Third parties who use the access with the knowledge and permission of intelliAd are not regarded as unauthorised third parties. In case of unauthorised use of access data, the Customer is required to immediately inform intelliAd accordingly and to bar access.
(3) The Customer assures intelliAd that he or she will communicate all necessary information to intelliAd in text form for successfully performing its services and will not save or place any campaigns or content in the internet whose availability, publication or use infringes on the applicable right or rights of third parties (especially against name and brand rights, data protection laws or other legal requirements etc.). intelliAd is not obliged to check the Customer's content for possible legal infringements; the Customer alone is responsible for the adherence to legal requirements. intelliAd is entitled but not obliged to reject or remove the Customer's content if it does not conform to the requirements specified in this paragraph.
(4) The Customer is required to release intelliAd from the claims of third parties, irrespective of the type of claims, which result from the illegality of content which the Customer has stored on the campaigns covered in this contract. This obligation to release also includes the obligation to completely release intelliAd from reasonable legal defence costs (e.g. court and lawyer costs).
(5) The Customer is obliged to use all services for their intended purpose. The Customer is prohibited from manipulating the SaaS, especially from using the mechanisms or other scripts connected with the SaaS which could disrupt the functioning of intelliAd E PWR's services. The Customer may not take any measures which would lead to intelliAd E PWR's system experiencing unreasonable or excessive load. Use of the software together with software from third parties is prohibited. Measures of this kind always require intelliAd's prior written permission.
(6) Data is to be set according to the format which is defined in the web application. The Customer is therefore obliged to ensure data security. The Customer is particularly aware that complete protection from loss or damage is not possible. The Customer shall therefore save and back up its data and content on a regular basis, depending on the level of risk, in order to enable restoration should the data or information be damaged. intelliAd has the right not to process information and data set by the Customer to the extent that this data would or could cause errors in the data processing or if it has not been set in the correct format. The Customer is responsible for monitoring procedures of this kind and deriving the necessary measures from them.
• the Customer has agreed to measures taken against it to satisfy the claims of third party creditors at the same time he or she experiences financial difficulties.
(8) To the extent that the Customer breaches his or her obligations according to this contract, intelliAd is entitled, with prior warning, to bar access to the Customer and to withhold the services stipulated in this contract. intelliAd is entitled to bar access immediately in the case of severe dereliction of duty such as payments in arrears, manipulation of services, placement of illegal content etc.
(1) intelliAd shall bill the Customer the amount owed for use of intelliAd E PWR monthly in advance, as stipulated in the contract. The Customer is obliged to immediately pay for the price model / scope of service selected during the checkout process using the selected payment method.
(2) Costs for the use of intelliAd E PWR arise from a combination of various scopes of service (features) and, for certain price models, a percentage of the actual monies spent on advertising (see www.e-pwr.io/pricing for details regarding this and the calculation of an appropriate price model).
(3) Should the actual amount spent on advertising during the duration of the price model exceed the original amount indicated at the time of purchase in the scope of service, intelliAd E PWR shall notify the Customer accordingly. The Customer can, in this instance, increase the scope of service by amending the originally selected price model / scope of service and therefore use all services from intelliAd E PWR thereafter. If the price model / scope of service is not amended, intelliAd E PWR rules in Bid Management will discontinue once the originally selected advertising spend is reached until the beginning of the next accounting period.
(4) Invoiced costs shall be automatically deducted /billed no later than three (3) days after the invoice date via the selected payment method. Legal provisions shall apply should arrears arise. intelliAd reserves the right in this case to immediately bar use of all intelliAd E PWR SaaS functions and access. In the case of repeated or chronic arrears, intelliAd reserves the right to permanently bar the Customer's access to intelliAd E PWR.
(1) intelliAd grants the Customer a simple, non-transferable usage right for the purposes outlined in § 2 Paragraph 2 which is limited to the duration of this contract. This entitles the Customer to use the services for internet sites operated by intelliAd for his or her own purpose. Changes of any kind within the scope of simple usage are not permitted.
(2) The Customer is entitled to transfer the usage rights granted to him or her to a third party (e.g. an advertising customer), either fully or in part, either free of charge or in exchange for payment, in keeping with the usage rights granted to him or her in § 4 in the context of § 6 Paragraph 1 or may create appropriate accounts for this third party at intelliAd E PWR. The Customer always remains the contractual partner and liable party in such cases should intelliAd have any claims for payment. No contractual arrangement with any third party occurs at any time.
(3) The Customer remains the owner of all rights, especially all copyrights, to the information and data recorded from the Customer for performing the services. The Customer grants intelliAd the right to use all information and data, including the right to reproduce information and data and to transfer it to third parties, to the extent required for performing the services.
(1) intelliAd guarantees usability of the SaaS only as described in § 3. The customer is aware that software/SaaS completely free of errors cannot be created. The software being free from defects will therefore only be guaranteed within the normal scope of the market and the sector.
(2) intelliAd does not guarantee the SaaS will achieve a particular level of performance success, especially regarding the number of conversions, extent of the traffic, range or click prices or CPM (cost per mille).
(3) intelliAd does not guarantee a successful bidding strategy for the Customer. Delivering a minimum number of clicks in particular is not an object of this service contract, nor is maintaining a specific average CPC or CPM defined by the Customer or exhausting a budget which the Customer has previously defined. This applies especially when that defined budget is inconsistent with the required minimum number of clicks or views. Nevertheless, intelliAd is committed to using appropriate and commercially reasonable measures within its influence for achieving the Customer's objective as far as is possible. intelliAd therefore does not guarantee a positive development in the campaign performance and also does not guarantee that the Customer's campaign will reach the original status after management. The reason is for this is the market dynamic known to both contractual parties that market conditions can fundamentally change during the management period.
(4) intelliAd has no influence on falsifications which may arise through erroneously transmitted data from marketplaces (e.g. Amazon Vendor API), advertising blockers, cookies which have been deleted in the meantime or the errors/misuse of third parties.
(5) The SaaS made available by intelliAd supports the Customer automatically only in the agreed scope and supports the Customer's marketing measures using software. In particular, intelliAd is not responsible for checking the Customer's strategy (e.g. regarding the lawful-ness, reasonableness and commercial viability), that the customer will accept a bid during auction, the Customer's advertising from the applicable marketplace (e.g. Google Shopping, Amazon) or the site's owner are punctually, correctly and fully displayed or that the marketing measures will achieve a specific level of success.
(1) intelliAd is liable in cases of intent or gross negligence for damages incurred by intelliAd as well as its legal representatives or proxies in the context of performing the services according to this contract as well as for damages resulting from injury to life, the body or to health for which intelliAd, its legal representatives or proxies are responsible.
(2) Furthermore, intelliAd is not liable for slight negligence, except in cases where a major contractual obligation is breached. The notion of essential contractual obligations refers to such obligations without whose fulfilment the proper execution of the contract cannot be possible and upon whose compliance the user ordinarily depends or may depend. In these cases, the liability is limited to the replacement of foreseeable, typically occurring damages.
(3) To the extent that intelliAd's liability according to the above stipulations is limited or excluded, this also applies for the proxies of intelliAd.
(4) intelliAd is not liable in any way for damages as a result of service outages or service delays due to unforeseeable events (force majeure) beyond the control of intelliAd, its legal representatives or its proxies. Force majeure events are understood to include, in particular, war, unrest, natural disasters, fire, sabotage attacks through third parties (e.g. through computer viruses), electrical power outages, official decrees, legal internal industrial dispute measures and the outage or limiting of service for communication networks and gateways of other Parties, provided these events are not the fault of intelliAd.
(5) The statute of limitation for damage claims against intelliAd in one year, calculated from the legal start of the limitation period. This does not apply for claims due to damages from injury to life, the body or health in cases of intentional of grossly negligent dereliction of duty which lapse within the regular period of limitation.
(6) Liability under the Product Liability Act shall remain unaffected.
(1) The term of this contract begins upon conclusion of the contract through the service model selected by the Customer (see www.e-pwr.io/pricing) and making the technical functionality available in accordance with § 3 Paragraph 1 and Paragraph 2, so that the services described under § 2 Paragraph 2 can be used. The contract is concluded, depending on the service model, with a term of one (1) month or one (1) year (the respective term is derived from the service description of the selected service model) and can be ordinarily terminated by the customer with a notice period of 7 days prior to the end of the term (provided a different arrangement in the following Paragraph 2 has not been agreed). If the contract is not terminated in time prior to the end of the respective term, the contact shall be automatically extended with the same term as the contract's original term (one (1) month or one (1) year) and with the same notice period.
The Customer may terminate the contract independently by accessing the web application. In the event of ordinary termination prior to the end of the term, the Customer shall be guaranteed access to the SaaS until the term ends.
(2) Termination periods for customers with the Enterprise performance package differ from those specified in Paragraph 1 and are determined in a separate written offer. Termination of the Enterprise package must occur in writing.
• the Customer breaches major provisions of these Terms and Conditions (§ 4) or other legal provisions and has not remedied the situation within a reasonable period despite reminders. No reminder is required if this is not expected to yield success or if the breach is so severe that upholding the contract is not feasible for the Provider.
(4) In the case of an ordinary termination, intelliAd is obliged to provide the Customer with all contractual and Customer data (also the Customer's affected accounts) together with all access details to intelliAd E PWR web applications up until the end of the contractual period.
(5) After termination and, if applicable, upon conclusion of the notice period, intelliAd shall bar the cancelled services from the Customer. Once the contract has ended, the Customer will lose all usage rights of the affected service and discontinue his or her usage. The Customer is responsible for securing his or her data in time and does not have any claim to be issued with any of his or her recorded data once the contract has ended.
(1) Both Parties agree to treat the technical and commercial details of the cooperation confidentially.
(2) Both Parties may report in a general manner that a contractual relationship exists between the Parties in their customer information material, brochures, presentations etc. or, in the case of agencies that such a relationship exists with its end customers, unless one or both Parties object. The Parties shall make company logos available for reference purposes if requested to do so.
(1) Compliance with data protection provisions is of particular significance to intelliAd. In addition to the data protection provisions from intelliAd E PWR (see www.e-pwr.io/data-protection), the following conditions shall apply.
(2) intelliAd will process data from the Customer's own portfolio as well as its user portfolio for the purpose of fulfilling and implementing the contract with the Customer. This will otherwise only be done to the extent permitted by applicable data protection provisions (especially the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the German Federal Data Protection Act). intelliAd is entitled to the data created through the use of the services by the user, such as tracking/tag information and statistics, in an anonymised form.
(3) The Customer is required to comply with all data protection provisions applicable to the Customer (especially the EU General Data Protection Regulation and the German Federal Data Protection Act).
(4) Should intelliAd be used due to the breach of data protection provisions or the personal rights of third parties on the part of intelliAd or should damages be sustained by intelliAd as a result, the Customer shall release and indemnify intelliAd from all related claims regardless of the type, including reasonable costs for a legal defence (e.g. court and lawyer costs), to the extent that the Customer is responsible for the breach/damages.
(1) intelliAd will use the necessary email address for the implementation of the contract to inform the Customer from time to time about current developments and new products and services at intelliAd.
(2) The Customer can cancel the use of the email address at any time without incurring any costs according to the basic tariff (e.g. emailing intelliAd at info@intelliAd.de). The Customer is advised of this option to cancel in each advertising email from intelliAd.
(1) These terms and conditions change be changed to extent necessary for the adjustment of developments which were not foreseeable at the time the contract was signed and which intelliAd has not caused, is unable to influence, and whose non-consideration would significantly disrupt the balance of the contractual arrangement and to the extent that significant provisions of the contractual arrangement would not be affected. Significant provisions are those regarding the type and scope of contractually arranged services and the duration, including provisions for termination. Furthermore, these terms and conditions can be amended to the extent that this is necessary for resolving significant difficulties in implementing the contract due to contractual loopholes which have emerged after the contact has been signed by both Parties. This can particularly be the case if the jurisdiction affecting the validity of provisions in these terms and conditions changes, e.g. if a court ruling declares a provision to be invalid or if a change to the law renders a provision invalid.
(2) The contractually arranged services can be changed if necessary due to a compelling reason which was not foreseeable at the time the contract was signed and if the balance of service and consideration would be changed as a result to the detriment of the Customer. A compelling reason applies if new technological developments make a service change necessary because the performance in the previous contractually arranged form can no longer be delivered or if newly enacted or changed legal or other sovereign provisions necessitate a change of services.
(3) intelliAd shall notify the Customer in text form of any changes to these terms and conditions or the contractually arranged services in accordance with the preceding paragraphs 4 and 5 at least six (6) weeks prior to their planned effective date. The Customer has the right to object to any changes which are not wholly to its advantage up until the effective date. This is to be done in text form (e.g. letter or email). The Customer shall receive a special notice regarding this in the change notification.
(1) The contract is subject exclusive to the law of the Federal Republic of Germany, with the exception of the provisions of private international law. The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) shall not apply.
(2) Only undisputed or legally determined counterclaims can be used to offset or make a right of retention valid against claims from intelliAd. Furthermore, the Customer is only entitled to exercise a possible right of retention to the extent that a counterclaim from the same contractual relationship exists.
(3) The non-realisation of a contractual right shall not be deemed the waiver of the right in question unless this has been communicated to the other contractual Party by the bearer of this right in writing.
(4) The place of fulfilment is the head office of intelliAd to the extent that the Customer is a merchant in the sense of the Handelsgesetzbuch, a legal entity of public law or special public funds, the location of intelliAd will be used as the exclusive place of jurisdiction for all disputes directly or indirectly arising from the contractual relationship (including check, change and documentation procedures). This also applies for the legal dunning procedures, for persons without a place of jurisdiction in Germany, for persons who have moved their place of residence or usual place of abode abroad after having signed this contract, or for persons whose place of usual residence or abode is unknown. intelliAd is also entitled to institute legal proceedings at the legal place of jurisdiction.
(5) Verbal supplementary agreements are void. Differing or additional provisions together with changes to this contract, including that governing the written form, are only valid when they have been agreed to in writing and have been explicitly labelled as changes or additions.
(6) Should individual provisions of this contract be invalid or lose their validity due to circumstances occurring later, the validity of the rest of the contract shall otherwise remain unaffected. The same applies for any gaps in this contract.


The Japanese have always gone to fanatical lengths to make the simplest food an exquisite experience. Similar to New Yorkers' obsession with the deli sandwich, or our own infatuation with the Hong Kong-style milk tea, few dishes, no matter how humble, have escaped the Japanese's devotion to connoisseurship. So it was with high expectations that we entered Ginza Bairin, the latest outpost of the famed tonkatsu (fried pork cutlet) restaurant in Japan. Established in 1927, it's been serving choice cuts of kurobuta (premium pork), breaded and deep fried to a golden brown, for decades. As a self-proclaimed tonkatsu junkie, I make special trips to Katsu Kura whenever I am in Kyoto or Tokyo and grab tonkatsu sandwiches from Maisen. Just last month I dined at Ginza Bairin's Honolulu branch.
The Hong Kong branch is airy and spacious – dark wooden floors contrast with light beechwood tables. Most menu items range from $60 to $160, making this a good choice for families.
The menu is extensive, and mostly offers different variations of tonkatsu or deep-fried stuff, such as their famous rosu katsu don ($138), the piece de resistance by which tonkatsu restaurants are judged.
The rosu katsu don is a gourmet version of the omnipresent deep-fried black pork fillet with pan-fried egg on rice with "secret sauce". All things considered, it was a decent version, but unfortunately no sparks. The rice used was of high quality – translucent short grain. The sweet soya base was aromatic and the soft egg cooked just right – silky and a bit runny. However, the pork fell short of expectations; instead of a melt-in-your-mouth tenderness, it was a bit on the dry side. The flavourful panko coating was not able to work its magic as it was saturated with the sauce.
B1, Shop 24, K11, 18 Hanoi Rd, Tsim Sha Tsui, 3122 4128.
Daily noon-10.30pm. Meal for two: around $400.


Previous historical scholarship has tended to support the idea that John F. Kennedy's inauguration began a period of increased U.S. involvement in and cooperation with Africa. However, U.S. treatment of the crisis in the Congo stayed remarkably the same from Eisenhower to Kennedy. In its treatment of Prime Minister Patrice Lumumba, its efforts to secure a new national leader, and its handling of the Belgian-backed, secessionist government in Katanga Province, the Kennedy Administration largely followed the lead of its immediate predecessor. This thesis uses government documents from the high levels of both Administrations to show that Kennedy's advisers reflected the same assumptions, often wrong ones, about U.S. interests in the Congo and the dangers of communist takeover. This thesis concludes that any desire for a changed Africa policy was not strong enough to lead the U.S. to compromise its perceived national interests in the Congo.


Air Tube Aromatherapy is an olfactory stimulation activity designed for use with children and adults with sensory processing or neurological disabilities. The Air Tube Blow is equipped with a fan that allows a scent to be blown. Aromatherapy pads and essential oils have been added to the tube. Just place a few drops of scented oil onto a pad and insert the pad into the tube. The fan is activated by holding it in a vertical position.
DIMENSIONS: 12"L x 2 ½"D.


text:
Not Zen 6: Non Action
A young mother sat in the grass outside her guru's studio. She had brought her infant son, who was of an age to walk. As a consequence, when he awoke from his nap during the tutoring session, he proceeded to crawl to the nearest iron railing and pull himself upright.
He wobbled and nearly fell over onto the sidewalk. The guru, having dashed over in her blue robes, saved him. She was not upset with the mother for bringing her child but she reproached her for failing to pay attention.
"But I was practicing my sitting," the mother protested. "I was feeling my breath. You told me to practice 'non action.'"
"Non action is not inaction," explained the guru. "It is not natural for a mother to watch her child in danger and do nothing."
"What is natural, then?"
"Have you learned so many things from books that you don't know what's natural? This is what Lao Tse meant by needing to unlearn. 'Non action' occurs when a person acts in harmony with inner principles. The inner principle is what Lao Tse called the 'De.'"
"I read that De meant the 'true nature' of a thing."
"It is the opposite of learned, artificial, and often incorrect knowledge. It is the part of life that is not formally learned."
"Is De what we call instinct?"
The guru sighed. She let the infant boy go crawl in the grass.
"Lao Tse lived long ago and he used language differently than we do now. Perhaps what you call instinct is a small part of De. To know your De, you must let go of book learning. See the world not as it should be in those books but as it really is. Don't act on what you think is true. Instead, practice non action."
"You mean, don't act?" said the student as she watched her son try to climb up at concrete step at the end of the sidewalk in front of the studio.
"And don't 'not act,'" said the guru as she stepped forward. She rolled up the sleeves of her robe, put out her hands, and caught the child as it fell backwards.
Not Zen 7: Fake Success
Not Zen 5: What Is Expected
Not Zen 4: Parent Trap


Sleeps 12/13 in 5 bedrooms with 3 bathrooms. New fully equipped kitchen.
Chez Natole has 5 bedrooms comprising of 1 Master (en suite), 2 further double rooms, 1 triple and a large family room with 2 bunks. 3 new bathrooms . New hand built kitchen/ dining room. Cosy sitting room. Laundry room and drying room. Large boot room. Ample parking. Snow cleared road. Short drive to closest skiing.
There is a quiet master bedroom with double bed on the ground floor with french windows to terrace with new ensuite .
There are 2 further double rooms both on the first floor.
There is 1 triple room on the first floor with 2 single beds and a built in raised bed.
There is also a large room on first floor with 2 bunk beds and a door giving access to the south terrace and garden.
The sitting room has beams, exposed stone walls and original Godin wood burning stove and stunning views. It is cosy and snug with 3 new sofas, throws, and cushions and underfloor heating. Free fast WiFi. Screen for laptop/DvDs (no cable or satellite). Large DVD library. iPod docking station.
Large master en suite has a bath with shower over, sink with granite surround, WC and slate tile floor. Tiles by ceramic artist Ulrike Weiss.
Bathroom 2 on the first floor has a large drench shower, sink and WC.
Bathroom 3 also on the first floor has large walk in drench shower with tiles by Ulrike Weiss and sink. Separate WC.
New hand built kitchen, with hand-made wooden units and granite work surfaces, a new Smeg oven and hob and a Smeg dishwasher. In addition, the kitchen has a microwave, a large fridge/freezer and many appliances (including a slow cooker, deep fat fryer, electric wok, fondue, raclette, espresso maker and coffee machine). A well-stocked antique dresser, and a granite-topped bar and comfortable stools, perfect for that aprés-ski aperitif.
Traditional large wooden table with benches seats 13. Stunning views over the valley.


text:
Гали́на Гаври́ловна Бе́дарева (21 марта 1943 год, село Гальчин, Андрушёвский район, Житомирская область, Украинская ССР — 24 декабря 2009 год) — ткачиха Житомирского льнокомбината имени 60-летия Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции. Герой Социалистического Труда (1977). Депутат Верховного Совета СССР 10 и 11 созывов.

Биография
Родилась 21 марта 1943 года в крестьянской семье в селе Гальчин (сегодня — Андрушёвский район Житомирской области). Окончив семилетнюю школу начала трудиться с 1956 года телятницей в местном колхозе «Победа» Андрушёвского района. Потом работала Житомирском заводе продовольственных товаров.

В 1966 году устроилась ученицей на Житомирский льнокомбинат. Закончив на льнокомбинате курсы, получила 5 разряд по специальности такчихи-жаккардистки. Освоила до автоматизма свою специальность. Через некоторое время работала на шести станках. Выступила инициатором социалистического соревнования «За пятилетку — десять годовых норм». 18 августа 1976 года завершила план двух пятилеток и к 1 ноября произвела 18,3 тысяч метров ткани. При плане 4 метра каждый час она выпускала 12 метров ткани.

В 1984 году была удостоена звания Героя Социалистического Труда «за достижение выдающихся успехов в повышении производительности труда, досрочное выполнение плановых заданий одиннадцатой пятилетки и принятых социалистических обязательств, большой творческий вклад в производство товаров народного потребления и улучшение их качества».

В 1965 году вступила в КПСС. Избиралась депутатом Верховного Совета СССР 11 созыва и делегатом XXVI съездов КПСС.

Награды
 Герой Социалистического Труда — указом Президиума Верховного Совета СССР от 2 июня 1984 года
 Орден Ленина (дважды)
 Орден Трудового Красного Знамени

Ссылки

 ГЕРОЇНІ ЖИТОМИРСЬКОГО ЛЬОНОКОМБІНАТУ

Депутаты Верховного Совета СССР 11-го созыва
Депутаты Верховного Совета СССР 10-го созыва
Делегаты XXVI съезда КПСС

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


WYPALL* Microfiber Cloths are designed with the cleaning professional in mind helping you to clean smarter. Environmentally friendly cleaning option that can be used without chemicals.
The WYPALL* Microfiber cleaning cloths can be washed up to 300 times, without affecting performance, creating a cost effective choice for busy cleaning professionals.
The smooth texture of the green WYPALL* Microfiber cloth is ideal for glass and mirror cleaning with low streaking on high shine surfaces.
Four color variants for easy task segregation helping to minimize risk of contamination.


text:
/**
 *
 * @param {string} bio
 * @returns {string} A properly formatted bio for the collector profile
 * @example
 * normalizeMyProfileBio(
 * `Sentence 1\nSentence 2\rSentence 3`) = "Sentence 1. Sentence 2. Sentence 3"
 */
export const normalizeMyProfileBio = (bio: string) =>
  bio
    .replace(/(\r\n|\n|\r)/gm, ". ") // Replace line breaks with ". "
    .replace("..", ".") // Avoid double dots between sentences after replacing line breaks with ". "

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
var color_info = '#1F77B4',
    color_success = '#2CA02C',
    color_warn = '#FF7F0E',
    color_imp = '#D62728';

//Global refresh timeout in ms
var refreshTimeout = 30000;

var tenantStorageChartsInitializationStatus = {
    disks: false,
    host_tree: false,
    thrptChart: false,
    iopsChart: false,
    latencyChart: false
};

var disksTabs = ['Scatter Plot', 'Host Tree', 'Details'];
var disksTabStrip = 'osdsTabStrip';
var storageTreeChartExpandedNodes = [];

var tenantMonitorStorageUrls = {
    CLUSTER_STATUS: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/status',
    MONITORS_SUMMARY: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/monitors/summary',
    DF_STATUS: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/df/status',
    POOLS_SUMMARY: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/pools/summary',
    DISK_STATUS: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/osd/status',
    DISK_DETAILS: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/osd/details?name={0}',
    DISKS_SUMMARY: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/osds/summary',
    DISKS_TREE: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/osds/tree',
    THROUGHPUT_SUMMARY: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/throughput/summary',
    CLUSTER_LATENCY: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/latency',
    DISK_ACTIVITY_NOW: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/osd/flow-series?osdName={0}&minsSince=10&sampleCnt=10&hostName={1}&endTime=now',
    RAW_DISK_ACTIVITY_NOW: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/disk/flow-series?diskName={0}&minsSince=10&sampleCnt=10&hostName={1}&endTime=now',
    CLUSTER_DISK_ACTIVITY_NOW: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/osd/activity?minsSince=15&sampleCnt=10&endTime=now',
    CLUSTER_RAW_DISK_ACTIVITY_NOW: '/api/tenant/storage/cluster/disk/activity?minsSince=15&sampleCnt=10&endTime=now'
};


This is near the end of my seven day road trip from Jacksonville, Florida to Norfolk, Virginia. After about 1,000 miles of driving, there are only another 100 miles left to reach Norfolk, Virginia. I sit in a hotel room a few miles from the Wright Brothers National Memorial on the barrier islands in the Outer Banks town of Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina.
I spent long days touring on my own as I traveled the southeastern Atlantic coast. In reality my experiences of the past week may be the only time I ever visit this part of the world. One of the facts of life as a traveler is every time you revisit a place, then you are passing up an opportunity to visit some place new. And when you are focused on visiting new places, you pass up the opportunity to revisit some place.
Savannah, Georgia – the coolest place I've ever been in the south, despite the searing heat during my visit.
Rural South Carolina – In search of something totally different from the gated communities and golf resorts of Hilton Head, I drove off into the swamps looking for a more authentic South Carolina. I was looking for alligators on a road that went into the swamp. I emerged from the swamp into an historic slave plantation.
Old Oak tree on White Hall Plantation.
In my quest to see an American alligator in the wild, I was successful.
That image is not quite as impressive as this image when the alligator partially emerged from the water to rest on land.
The alligator a little while later is half on land and half in water to reveal a sizeable animal in the Francis Marion National Forest. Another guy told me he thought this alligator was 5 to 6 feet long. Looks bigger to me. I estimated 8 feet in length. Neither of us were going to get close enough for a more precise measurement.
There is a reason the Outer Banks of North Carolina are called the 'graveyard of the Atlantic'. One minute you are in the ocean and the next minute you are almost on dry land.
Standing on nearly dry land in the Atlantic Ocean far removed from the main islands.
I like to think that I will be back to these places for more experiences, encounters and photos. Honestly, it is hard to say I'll ever be back this way. There are so many places to travel and experience in this world. So I made an effort to see and experience as much as I could this past week. If I'm ever back this way, I'll have the opportunity to develop a better understanding of the region. And if not, I'll fly out of Norfolk, Virginia tomorrow with a lifetime of memories from the places and things I have seen and people I met during this past week of travel in southeast coastal USA.
Glad you got to see an alligator in the wild, that made me smile. As a central Floridian I take it for granted, just don't notice them anymore even if I see them daily driving past our lakes and ponds.
+1 on Savannah and St. Augustine. Love them both and think they are the jewels in Florida and Georgia.
For years, I spent several weeks each year on Hatteras island. The outer banks of North Carolina are special to me….although I didn't like it when I was stranded on Hatteras during a hurricane about 45 years ago because the Oregon inlet bridge flooded. I haven't been in the obx since about 1990 because everything was getting so commercial.
What are you doing in Norfolk???
I lived in the Norfolk area for about 5 years. I have been to the OBX a few times.
If you want to see swamps–there is the great dismal swamp in southern Virginia.
At the border is a place called the border store—the name is self evident. One side is NC and the other side is VA. Some things you can only sell in one state thus you have to check out on that states side. For example Fireworks are year round sale item in NC but not in VA.
on 168 you enter Chesapeake, VA….its a large city. With Virginia being a commenwealth (cities are separate from counties), cities have more power to control their own taxes. In SE virginia the cities and counties merged to become large areas. Its common in the south. Its also why Jacksonville is the larges sq foot city. Chesapeake, Suffolk, and VA beach are all top 30 in the country in square footage.
With Chesapeake and Virginia Beach—they installed a rural line 8 miles north of the NC/VA line that restricted the land to rural area.
If you have a chance check out Chesapeake Bay bridge tunnel–an engineering marvel. You can drive out to the first tunnel rest area and walk out on the peak and see the ships. the bridge has two tunnels in the middle of the water for ship channels. I-64 also has one of tunnels. On the other side of this tunnel is Ft Monroe (a national historic site now operated by the park service)–it was an active base until 2011 when it was shut down. It was the last base with an old stone fort with moat.
Looks like you might have missed Charleston, SC? Too bad, a great historic town with modern, vibrant culinary and cultural offerings.
Looks like you drove up the 17 from Savannah towards Charleston, then over to the 95?
A great part of the country and worth a trip back – spend more time in Charleston next time if you get the chance, it will still be seeing something new.
@Erndog – Charleston was an omission of exhaustion. Yesterday I was up at 4am and I was writing this piece around 11pm to midnight. I was in Charleston for two days. I hugged the coast and came across the alligator in Francis Marion National Forest about 25 miles north of Charleston where US 17 passes through. I drove through all of Myrtle Beach and took Highway 17 up the North Carolina coast where I traveled to Atlantic Beach, North Carolina. Then took the ferry from Cedar Island to Ocracoke Island on a 2 hour 15 min ride 23 miles across the Pamlico Sound.
I saw lots of mansions in Charleston, spent time wandering around College of Charleston (one of the top equestrian teams in country), enjoyed some pints at Tommy Condon's and toured Fort Moultrie Sullivan's Island. Fort Sumter tours were packed.
@DJP – Norfolk is simply a flight back to California. I lived in Newport News for two years when I was 12-13 and toured the area a bit. I spent many a day wandering around James River swamps.
@Wendy M. – There are a couple places on Hatteras Island where I looked to the left and saw the Atlantic Ocean and looked to the right and saw Pamlico Sound. I think one spot was only about 100 yards wide from coast to coast. There was one particularly flat place where it looked like the ocean had swept right across.
Definitely not a place to be during a hurricane.
Ric, I enjoyed reading this while having my coffee this Morning, thank you.


film and television post production.
and stop nothing short of total satisfaction.
Picture editing is far more than just the assembly of clips to form a sequence. Let our creativity bring your project to life!
Great sound is absolutely vital to every production.
We can expertly grade your pictures in 4K, UHD, HD, SD, and more.
iSplice Films is a full service end-to-end post production facility serving clients worldwide.
there's nothing our team can't handle.


Our range of crystal beer, lager and pilsner glasses are perfect for enhancing the flavor and aroma of your favorite ales, lagers and beers. They are ideal glassware items for beer enthusiasts everywhere which makes them the perfect gift. Treat your home or loved one to a gift of sparkling crystal by Waterford and receive free ground shipping on orders over $149.


Marelich Mechanical is always looking for individuals with talent and skills to contribute to our growth and success as a leader in mechanical contractor services, including commercial HVAC, plumbing design/build, CAD & BIM services. If that's something you'd like to be a part of, we look forward to hearing from you.
Type Marelich Mechanical in the search box and any available job listings will show up down below.


Searching for and applying to colleges is a stressful process. Your students will find decisions easier to make if they have up-to-date and thorough information about the colleges they are considering — or ones they may not have yet considered.
Provide your students with the tools for researching colleges — including books, websites and lists of resources.
Emphasize to students that the first step in researching colleges is to examine their own interests, goals and plans for the future.
Direct students to our online College Search to find colleges with the specific characteristics they're looking for.
Communicate often with students and parents through newsletters and emails.
Conduct college fairs or participate in local fairs organized by other schools or organizations.
Distribute handouts and calendars that will help guide students during their search.
Include parents in the college search process whenever possible; invite them to parents' nights.
Learn as much as you can about the colleges to which many of the students in your high school community will apply.
College tours for counselors can be arranged by contacting colleges in your area or asking representatives if their colleges have counselor tour programs. You can also check the Professional Development section of the National Association for College Admission Counseling (NACAC) website, which has links to NACAC's regional affiliate organizations.
Attend college fairs and sit in on visits by college reps to your school. Not only will you be able to assist students with information they missed or didn't understand, you can help them distinguish between useful facts and marketing promotion. College fairs also offer counselors and students the opportunity to talk to several reps in one night, and you can help students sort out their impressions and differentiate among the colleges.
Some colleges and counseling organizations sponsor "Counselor Days" or "Reverse College Days," which bring the school counselors to the college rather than the college reps to the high schools. Participate in one of these programs and talk to the admission deans of various colleges — you may be able to gain insight into a specific college's admission requirements. Also, local colleges sometimes ask school counselors to sit in on a typical admission session to observe how the application packet is reviewed.
Students should take the lead in discovering what special talents they have, what they are looking for in a college experience and how they best think and learn.
College Search allows students to explore colleges and manage their college lists online.
After meeting with each student, send a letter to the parents presenting their child's interests and preferences. This will orient parents when looking for colleges that fit their child's academic profile and personality.