text:
Buying Cheapest Airline Tickets Online Is Easy
It is an age when people love to cross the border and travel across nations to experience cultures and also enjoy themselves to the fullest.
Tag: Increase
IATA Slams Aviation Parastatals For Massive Increase Of Airport & ATNS fee
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) has expressed great concern that the Airports Company of South Africa (ACSA) has proposed a "ridiculous 129% increase in its charges for the period 2010-2015.
But what is of even more concern to Giovanni Bisignani, IATAs Director General and CEO, is the fact the South African regulator has done nothing to stop this, and has tacitly condoned the increase. Referring to the regulator as a "phantom regulator", Bisignani urged a review of South Africa's economic regulation of air transport infrastructure.
This emerged during a press conference held in Johannesburg last month which was addressed by Bisignani during what will probably be his last visit to the country prior to his retirement from the position in the near future.
During his critism of ACSA and its fee structure, Bisignani said the cost of the country's airport infrastructure was of major concern."The South African economic regulatory process is not effective. When you operate monopoly, you have no competition, so you need a regulator. That regulator needs to be respected. But the regulator is not effective," he added: "There's no comparable situation in the world like this. ACSA will be adding $ 1, 2-billion to airlines costs. Its big burden for the airlines."
ACSA was not the only parastatal to be lashed by Bisignanis tongue; he also slammed the Air Traffic and Air Navigation Services (ATNS) for its 71% hike in charges during the same period.
"South Africa has developed a good infrastructure, but it is part of a value chain that needs to be cost efficient to be competitive. Allowing increases of 129% and 71% completely misses the mark .Johannesburg, the country's main gateway, now ranks among the most expensive airports of its size in the world .Airlines are being made to foot the bill for poor performance and an airport in Durban that we did not need. This is no way to build a more successful tourism industry. We need some joined-up policy thinking," said Bisignani.
IATA fired a broadside at the proposed inclusion of aviation in South Africa's carbon tax scheme. "Aviation is committed to the most aggressive climate change targets of any global industry: to improve fuel efficiency by 1, 5% annually to 2020, to cap net emissions from 2020 with carbon-neutral growth, and to cut emissions in half," he said.
"Air transport is also the only global sector where governments have an agreement on emissions management .This was achieved in 2010 through ICAO in line with the Kyoto protocol.
"South Africa is absolutely correct in strongly opposing Europe's plans to include aviation in its emissions trading scheme from next year. It is illegal and it will introduce strong market distortions, particularly for long-haul destinations. So it is difficult to understand why South Africa is now considering inclusion of aviation in its own unilateral carbon tax scheme. This must be stopped.
"As host of COP 17 later this year, South Africa must show leadership to achieve a global approach on mitigating climate change. Taxing aviation is a step in the wrong direction for an industry that was commended by United Nations Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon, as a role model," said Bisignani.
On another issue, IATAs CEO praised South Africa for its strategic focus on tourism as akey driver in the nation's new growth plan. He urged the government to use joined-up policy thinking and take key measures to bolster its air transport sector to achieve the 235 000 new tourism jobs that the government was targeting by 2020.
"Great Tourism Nation"
"South Africa has all the building blocks to be a great tourism nation. But this will not happen by chance. Joined-up policy thinking is needed to support it with competitive and a safety record across Africa that is world standard. These are tough challenges, but with joined-up policy thinking, great results are possible," said Bisignani.
Bisignani noted that IATAs simplifying the business programme was playing a key role. A world economic forum index on competitiveness had said that the complexity of South Africa's import/export procedures could be a bottleneck to trade. The introduction of electronic shipping and customs documentation through IATA e-freight would help speed the process.
Johannesburg went live with e-freight from November 2010 and Cape Town began e-freight shipments in March this year. In total, the programme is designed to save $ 4,9-billion annually across the global air cargo supply chain.
In closing, Bisignani pointed out that African air safety remained an issue with a 2010 accident rate that was 12-times the global average."Aviation must be safe everywhere. Africa cannot be the exception.
"The IATA operational safety audit (IOSA) is a condition of IATA membership and is making a difference .The 22 sub-Saharan African carriers on the registry outperformed the rest of the industry .I urge South Africa to take a leadership role in the region and promote IOSA as a tool for government to use to supplement their safety oversight and improve the regions performance .For aviation to deliver its enormous economic benefits, the first priority is safety," said Bisignani.
Bisignani was visiting South Africa as part of the recent World Economic Forum Africa.
Anthony Juma is the Editor and Senior Aviation Director at Wings Over Africa Aviation.
This is an Air Charter Company that specializes on Scheduled Air Flights, Air Cargo & Freight Flights Kenya, South Sudan,Somalia,DR Congo,Tanzania,Rwanda,Uganda,Burundi ,Eastern & Central Africa& The Entire African continent. The website has guided thousands of travelers to achieve their dream holiday. For more information and guidance, visit the site at http:// / www.wingsoverafrica-aviation.com/index.php/our-rates.html
Author adminPosted on December 30, 2016 Categories Aviation AirplanesTags Airport, ATNS, Aviation, IATA, Increase, Massive, Parastatals, Slams
Increase Protection With Aviation Headsets and Helmets
Boost Safety With Aviation Headsets and Helmets
Aviation Headsets and Helicopter Helmets are two things that a helicopter pilot wouldn't normally desire to be caught without. Without those two important things, the pilot therefore the people, if any, is in severe danger. The security of the pilot of this traveling ship is greatly compromised without an aviation headset and helicopter helmet. There's two main explanations why these items are incredibly important.
One reason a trip receiver can be so crucial is that it makes it possible for the pilot of chopper to steadfastly keep up connection with the exterior world. If the pilot encounters trouble like gale power winds, a rain violent storm, a lightning violent storm, a hurricane, a tornado or just about any other form of trouble then the pilot can contact for support. Minus the flight receiver this might not be feasible. Obtaining the headsets when flying raise the amount of security of the pilot, those items from the craft in addition to passengers. It's also in one's most useful interest to optimize the security of the many things or being agreeable which will be quickly through with the control of this flight receiver. Getting the chopper mind protective piece when traveling the chopper can also be important. Having this product, just like the flight receiver, advances the level of security of most things aboard the craft. In the event of turbulence or any kind of catastrophe the chopper head gear will make certain that a person's mind is shielded. Another essential function for the chopper head gear usually it gives no arms interaction utilizing the external globe. Again, this experience of the trip programs may very well conserve your life if chopper would be to experience any type of difficulty. Both these products provide plenty of protection and that it one of several chief reasons why these items are crucial.
Another reason a flight receiver is important is the fact that it decreases sound. Whenever you're traveling someplace in a chopper the sound is incredibly loud. Operating in or traveling a chopper without noise lowering earphones can considerably lower the effectiveness of ear drums. Over time of operating without headsets, one will go deaf. The risks are there, but there are several ways to fight these risks. The best way will be purchase and use journey headphones that minimize noise. One should invest in and wear chopper head-gear because it additionally cancels on many potentially damaging noise. The pinnacle protective gear may also resist hits into the mind of tremendous magnitude. Your head equipment normally really steady, which can be another important function. There are so many reasoned explanations why you need to purchase head-gear and trip receivers.
When purchasing these items the crucial thing to bear in mind is security. These items surely, if used precisely, will protect the pilot and the various other things or becoming aboard the chopper. Putting on these things may save yourself your life so make sure to put them on when in-flight. Security should always be an individual's very first priority when flying the chopper. These are several reasons why these things are essential.
Chuck Stewart recently studied aviation headsets together with their work. He also learned a helicopter helmet to evaluate the strength of a fresh particular helmet.
Author adminPosted on November 29, 2016 Categories Aviation AirplanesTags Aviation, Headsets, Helmets, Increase, Protection
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Eva Perón travelled to Italy twice: once in life and once in death.
The first time was in 1947 when, as Argentina's first lady, Eva Perón (Evita to much of the world) embarked on a European tour as ambassador for a country hoping to preserve goodwill and pave the way for badly needed foreign loans. Eva's husband, the infamous General Juan Perón, was persona non grata in a post-war world reeling from fascism. But his wife had the celebrity status and glamor credentials of an international film star. Called the 'Eleanor Roosevelt of Latin America' she travelled with a separate DC3 just for her luggage.
In Spain, plazas were mobbed as people fought to catch a glimpse of Eva waving magnanimously from balconies. She handed out coins to children in flower-strewn streets. On one occasion she removed the hood ornament from the limo she was riding in and gave it to a little boy. She snubbed the UK for a visit at the last minute when informed that the Royal family would have her to the palace for tea but not let her stay over. In Rome Pope Pius XII granted her a private audience.
The world just couldn't get enough of Evita in 1947.
But no one saw Eva when she returned to Italy ten years later, as the fictitious Maria Maggi.
Maria was dead you see.
Maria Maggi's body arrived in Milan on May 17, 1957, some five years after Eva's death from cervical cancer in Buenos Aires. Escorted by a nun, the coffin was believed to contain the body of an Italian woman who had died in Argentina. "Maria Maggi" was buried in Lot 86, Garden 41, in Milan's Monumentale Cemetery.
Upon her death in 1952, Eva Perón's body attracted millions of mourners paying their respects, lining up for days to kiss the glass-topped coffin. After two weeks, authorities ended the public viewing and the Argentine government spent $100,000 (in 1952 dollars) and more than one year embalming Eva, pumping her full of chemicals and sealing her skin. Even in death, Eva commanded considerable respect.
Post-Peronists lurking in the wings didn't want that.
After General Juan Perón's overthrow in 1955, Eva's body disappeared from where it had been on display in her former office. It is generally believed that the new government couldn't just get rid of Eva (this was Latin America after all, where death carries the utmost deference, even when it concerns one's enemies) so the body was moved to Italy, where it would receive a proper burial but be well removed from any cult level worship. A ban was issued on Peronism.
In 1971 a man named Carlos Maggi submitted papers for the exhumation of Maria Maggi's remains in Milan. Underneath the damaged plain wooden coffin was one of silver with a glass window revealing a preserved Eva Perón "so natural it looked like Evita was asleep". "Carlos Maggi" escorted his "sister's" remains to a house in Madrid owned by Juan Perón. The coffin was then sent on to Buenos Aires where Eva was finally laid to rest in the family tomb in La Recoleta Cemetery, reportedly the most exclusive neighborhood in South America.
Despite claims that it was anti-Peronists who had initially moved Eva to Italy, one can't help but wonder if Juan Perón, fearing the worst, had a hand in having his wife's remains sent to Milan for safe-keeping, to be returned to Argentina when she could be securely interred forever. Although Perón was in exile until 1973, he spent much of his time in Spain. He was planning a return to power in Argentina, which he succeeded at in 1973. Did he play a part in returning Eva to what he would surely have considered her former rightful place among her people? Why were Eva's remains brought to his house in Madrid prior to their departure back to Buenos Aires in 1971?
Today a steady stream of admirers continue to line up in La Recoleta to pay their respects to a woman born the humble, illegitimate daughter of a cattle rancher who, despite a controversial life, inspired millions, and would have been the first female president of Argentina.
Want to learn more about Eva Perón? – check out my earlier post on her biography.


text:
Q: Need Help Sorting Array with Timestamp in PHP I have done my fair share of research before posting this and I now need a hand in the right direction. I have a list of ip camera filenames. The filenames are the timestamps itself that I need to sort. I cannot figure out how to sort the dates on the string names. I am thinking I need to convert the string to a readable format for the function strtotime() ? Or is there a way without changing the string? I have no clue how to approach this problem correctly.
I have tried array_multisort($array, SORT_DESC, SORT_NUMERIC); with no luck.
$array = Array ( 'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_18_11_05_62777.jpg', 'SNAP_CH01_2016_05_15_18_05_38_63588.jpg', 'SNAP_CH02_2016_05_15_18_05_13_38387.jpg', 'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_15_55_28_52502.jpg',  'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_14_52_46_26039.jpg',  'SNAP_CH03_2016_05_15_14_52_39_18421.jpg',  'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_14_51_34_19005.jpg', 'SNAP_CH02_2016_05_15_14_51_25_9874.jpg', 'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_06_12_49_23707.jpg', 'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_05_03_09_38176.jpg',  'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_03_33_27_29791.jpg', 'SNAP_CH03_2016_05_15_01_59_29_27941.jpg' );

Any advice is appreciated. Trying to learn.

A: You can use the usort function which let's you define a custom function to compare the strings. Here is how it could work:
<?php

function timestamp_cmp($a, $b) {
    $first = substr($a, 10);
    $second = substr($b, 10);
    return strnatcmp($first, $second);
}
$array = Array (
    'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_18_11_05_62777.jpg',
    'SNAP_CH01_2016_05_15_18_05_38_63588.jpg',
    'SNAP_CH02_2016_05_15_18_05_13_38387.jpg',
    'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_15_55_28_52502.jpg',
    'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_14_52_46_26039.jpg',
    'SNAP_CH03_2016_05_15_14_52_39_18421.jpg',
    'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_14_51_34_19005.jpg',
    'SNAP_CH02_2016_05_15_14_51_25_9874.jpg',
    'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_06_12_49_23707.jpg',
    'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_05_03_09_38176.jpg',
    'SNAP_CH04_2016_05_15_03_33_27_29791.jpg',
    'SNAP_CH03_2016_05_15_01_59_29_27941.jpg'
);

usort($array,'timestamp_cmp');

Note: If you are on PHP 5.3+, you can do this:
usort($array,function($a, $b) {
    $first = substr($a, 10);
    $second = substr($b, 10);
    return strnatcmp($first, $second);
});

A: As long as you're ok with sorting the included "SNAP_CH_04" part of the name, you can just use sort() to sort the array with no conversion whatsoever.
sort($array);

If you need to strip that part out, you can use substr then sort(), like this:
for ($a = 0; $a < count($array); $a++)
{
    $array[$a] = substr($array,10);
}

sort($array);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
\section{Conclusion}

We have considered a distributed optimization problem over a network of agents. To this end, our main contribution is a distributed Chebyshev-accelerated primal-dual algorithm where we use Chebyshev matrix polynomials to generate gossip matrices whose spectral properties result in faster convergence speeds, while allowing for a fully distributed implementation. As a result, the proposed algorithm requires fewer gradient updates at the cost of additional rounds of communications between agents. We have illustrated the performance of the proposed algorithm in a distributed signal recovery problem. We have also shown how the use of Chebyshev matrix polynomials can be used to improve the convergence speed over communication networks by trading local computation by communication rounds. For future work, we will explore the possibility of using Chebyshev polynomials to gossip the gradients between updates to obtain a faster convergence. Furthermore, we will study the option of adding (properly tuned) momentum terms to the updates in order to improve the convergence speed of our algorithm.
\subsection{Primal Dual Gradient Flow}

\subsection{The Primal-Dual Algorithm}

We begin our exposition by presenting a primal-dual iterative algorithm proposed by Chambolle and Pock \cite[Algorithm 1]{Chambolle2015}, which is able to solve problems of the form \eqref{eq: saddle_problem}.  Writing $\nabla f(\mathbf{x}) = (\nabla f_1(x_1)^\top, \ldots, \nabla f_n(x_n)^\top)^\top$, the iterations of this algorithm are given by
\begin{subequations} \label{eq: primal_dual_before 0}
	\begin{align}
	\hat\mathbf{x}^{k+1} &= \mathbf{x}^k -\alpha\big(\nabla f(\mathbf{x}^k) + \sqrt{\mathbf{L}}\mathbf{y}^k + \rho \mathbf{L} \mathbf{x}^k \big),  \label{eq: primal_dual_before xbar}\\
	\mathbf{x}^{k+1} &= \argmin_{\mathbf{x}} \left\{ g(\mathbf{x}) \!+\! \frac{1}{2\alpha}\|\mathbf{x} - \hat\mathbf{x}^{k+1}\|_2^2 \right\},  \label{eq: primal_dual_before x}\\
	\mathbf{y}^{k+1} &= \mathbf{y}^k + \beta\sqrt{\mathbf{L}}(2\mathbf{x}^{k+1}-\mathbf{x}^k) \label{eq: primal_dual_before y},
	\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where we have interpreted the augmentation term as being absorbed into the smooth part of the objective function.  The parameters $\alpha, \beta >0$ are the primal and dual step sizes, respectively,  The first two updates constitute a proximal gradient step applied to the Lagrangian in the primal domain, while the third recursion is a gradient ascent-like step in the dual domain.

The following theorem shows that under appropriate selection of the step sizes, the iterates in \eqref{eq: primal_dual_before 0} achieve an ergodic $O(1/N)$ convergence rate.  An important fact for our development is that the maximum possible step sizes for convergence are inversely related to the largest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix, as stated below.
\begin{theorem} \label{theorem: convergence_thrm}
Consider the optimization problem in \eqref{eq: distributed_problem}, where $f_i$ and $g_i$ satisfy Assumption \ref{assumption: f and g}. Let the step sizes $\alpha$ and $\beta$ for the recursions in \eqref{eq: primal_dual_before 0} satisfy
\begin{align} \label{eq: step_size}
\frac{1}{\beta+\rho}\bigg(\frac{1}{\alpha} - L_f\bigg) \geq \lambda_{n},
\end{align}
where $L_f = \max_i L_i$. Let $\{(\mathbf{x}^k,\mathbf{y}^k)\}_{k=1}^N$ be the sequence of points produced by Algorithm \ref{Algorithm: Vanilla_PD} with $\mathbf{x}^0 \in \ker \sqrt{\mathbf{L}}$ and $\mathbf{y}^0 \in \ker(\sqrt{\mathbf{L}})^\perp$.  Then we have
\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}(\bar \mathbf{x}^N,\mathbf{y}^\star) \!-\! \mathcal{L}(\mathbf{x}^\star,\bar \mathbf{y}^N)\! \leq \! \frac{1}{N}\bigg(\!\frac{\|\mathbf{x}^\star\! -\! \mathbf{x}^0\|_2}{2\alpha} \!+\! \frac{\|\mathbf{y}^\star \!-\! \mathbf{y}^0\|_2}{2\beta}\!\bigg), \label{eq: convergence_rate}
\end{align}
where $\bar \mathbf{x}^N = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{k=1}^N \mathbf{x}^k$ and $\bar \mathbf{y}^N = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{k=1}^N \mathbf{y}^k$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
First note that $L_f = \max \{L_1, \ldots, L_n\}$ is an upper bound for the Lipschitz constant for $\nabla f(\mathbf{x})$.  Indeed,
\begin{align}
\big\| \nabla f(\mathbf{x}) - \nabla f(\mathbf{y}) \big\|_2^2 &= \sum_{i=1}^n \| \nabla f_i(x_i) - \nabla f_i(y_i)\|_2^2 \nonumber \\
&\leq \sum_{i=1}^n L_i^2 \|x_i - y_i\|_2^2 \\
&\leq L_f^2 \| \mathbf{x} - \mathbf{y} \|_2^2. \nonumber
\end{align}
Again, we will interpret the augmentation term as being absorbed into the smooth term of the objective function.  Thus, an upper bound for the Lipschitz constant for $\nabla\big(f(\mathbf{x})+ (\rho/2) \mathbf{x}^\top \mathbf{\operatorname L} \mathbf{x}\big)$ is $L_F := L_f + \rho \lambda_{n}$.

To prove the theorem we appeal to \cite[Theorem 1.1]{Aybat2016}, where the problem in question is similar to this paper, but with an additional private cone constraint for each agent.  Since we have no such constraints, in our scenario the theorem states if
\begin{align}\label{eq: Q condition}
\begin{bmatrix} \big(\frac{1}{\alpha} - L_F\big)\operatorname{I}_{nd} & 0 & -\sqrt{\mathbf{L}} \\ 0 & 0 & \operatorname{0} \\ -\sqrt{\mathbf{L}} & \operatorname{0} & \frac{1}{\beta}\operatorname{I}_{nd}\end{bmatrix} \succeq 0,
\end{align}
then we have for all $(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})$
\begin{align} \label{eq: Chambolle convergence}
\mathcal{L}(\bar \mathbf{x}^N,\mathbf{y}) \!-\! \mathcal{L}(\mathbf{x},\bar \mathbf{y}^N) \leq  \frac{1}{N}\bigg(&\!\frac{1}{2\alpha}\|\mathbf{x} - \mathbf{x}^0\|_2 \!+\! \frac{1}{2\beta}\|\mathbf{y} - \mathbf{y}^0\|_2 \nonumber \\
& + (\mathbf{y} - \mathbf{y}^0)^\top \sqrt{\mathbf{L}} (\mathbf{x} - \mathbf{x}^0)\bigg).
\end{align}
From the Schur complement, \eqref{eq: Q condition} is equivalent to the condition that $\big(\frac{1}{\alpha} - L_F\big)\operatorname{I}_{nd} - \beta \mathbf{L} \succeq 0$, or
\begin{align}
\frac{1}{\beta}\bigg(\frac{1}{\alpha} - L_F\bigg)\operatorname{I}_{nd} \succeq \mathbf L, \label{eq: Schur_condition}
\end{align}
Since the $\mathbf{L}$ and $\operatorname L$ share the same eigenvalues, and the largest eigenvalue of $\operatorname L$ is equal to $\lambda_{n}$, if
\begin{equation} \label{eq: old_step_size}
\frac{1}{\beta}\bigg(\frac{1}{\alpha} - L_F\bigg)\geq \lambda_{n}
\end{equation}
then $\eqref{eq: Schur_condition}$ and in turn \eqref{eq: Q condition} are satisfied, which by Theorem 1.1 of \cite{Aybat2016} implies \eqref{eq: Chambolle convergence}.  Recalling that $L_F = L_f + \rho \lambda_{n}$, a simple rearrangement of \eqref{eq: old_step_size} gives \eqref{eq: step_size}.

If we choose $\mathbf{x}^0$ such that $\sqrt{\mathbf{L}}\mathbf{x}^0 = 0$ (i.e., initialize $\mathbf{x}^0$ to have consensus) and take $(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y}) = (\mathbf{x}^\star, \mathbf{y}^\star)$ in \eqref{eq: Chambolle convergence}, then $\sqrt{\mathbf{L}}(\mathbf{x}^\star - \mathbf{x}^0) = 0$, and we conclude
$$\mathcal{L}(\bar \mathbf{x}^N,\mathbf{y}^\star) -\! \mathcal{L}(\mathbf{x}^\star,\bar \mathbf{y}^N) \!\leq \! \frac{1}{N}\bigg(\!\frac{\|\mathbf{x}^\star - \mathbf{x}^0\|_2}{2\alpha} + \frac{\|\mathbf{y}^\star - \mathbf{y}^0\|_2}{2\beta}\bigg),$$
as desired.
\end{proof}

\begin{remark}
If we do not require $\mathbf{x}_0 \in \ker \sqrt{\mathbf{L}}$, the convergence rate holds with an additional constant factor of $(\mathbf{y}^\star - \mathbf{y}_0)^\top\sqrt{\mathbf{L}}(\mathbf{x}^\star - \mathbf{x}_0)$ in the parenthesis in \eqref{eq: convergence_rate}.
\end{remark}

\begin{corollary}\label{corollary: x_rate}
If the dual step size is chosen as
\begin{align}
\beta &= \frac{1}{\lambda_{n}}\bigg(\frac{1}{\alpha} - L_f \bigg) - \rho,
\end{align}
then we have the following ergodic convergence rate toward consensus
\begin{align} \label{eq: primal_rate}
\|\bar \mathbf{x}^N - \bar \mathbf{x}_C^N\|_2^2 \leq& \frac{1}{N}\bigg[ \frac{L_f + \rho \lambda_{n}}{\lambda_{2}}\|\mathbf{x}^0 - \mathbf{x}^\star\|_2 \nonumber \\
&+ \frac{\lambda_{n}}{\lambda_{2}} \frac{1}{L_f + \rho \lambda_{n}}\|\mathbf{y}^0 - \mathbf{y}^\star\|_2\bigg],
\end{align}
where
$$\bar \mathbf{x}_C^N = \sum_{i=1}^d(1 \otimes e_i)^\top \bar \mathbf{x}^N(1 \otimes e_i),$$
is the projection of $\bar \mathbf{x}^N$ onto the consensus subspace.
\end{corollary}
\begin{proof}
From the definition of the augmented Lagrangian, \eqref{eq: lagrangian}, we write
\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}(\bar \mathbf{x}^N,\mathbf{y}) \!-\! \mathcal{L}(\mathbf{x},\bar \mathbf{y}^N) =& f(\bar \mathbf{x}^N) \!-\! f(\mathbf{x}^\star) + g(\bar \mathbf{x}^N) \!-\! g(\mathbf{x}^\star) \nonumber\\
 &+ \mathbf{y}^\star \sqrt{\mathbf{L}}\bar\mathbf{x}^N + (\rho/2)(\bar \mathbf{x}^N)^\top \mathbf{L} \bar \mathbf{x}^N
 \end{align}
 Using \eqref{eq: opt_condition1} and \eqref{eq: opt_condition2}, we have the relation
 $$\mathbf{y}^\star \sqrt{\mathbf{L}}\bar\mathbf{x}^N = -(\nabla f(\mathbf{x}^\star)+T_g(\mathbf{x}^\star))^\top(\bar\mathbf{x}^N \!- \!\mathbf{x}^\star)$$
 Therefore we may write
\begin{align}
\mathcal{L}(\bar \mathbf{x}^N,\mathbf{y}) \!-\! \mathcal{L}(\mathbf{x},\bar \mathbf{y}^N) =& A + B + C,
\end{align}
where
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
A &= f(\bar \mathbf{x}^N) \!-\! f(\mathbf{x}^\star) \!- \!\nabla f(\mathbf{x}^\star)^\top(\bar\mathbf{x}^N \!- \!\mathbf{x}^\star) \\
B &= g(\bar \mathbf{x}^N) \!- \!g(\mathbf{x}^\star) \!- \!T_g(\mathbf{x}^\star)^\top(\bar\mathbf{x}^N \!- \!\mathbf{x}^\star) \\
C &= \frac{\rho}{2}(\bar \mathbf{x}^N)^\top \mathbf{L} \bar \mathbf{x}^N
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
By the convexity of $f$ and $g$, both $A,B \geq 0$.  Since $\ker \mathbf{L} = \{ 1 \otimes x\;|\;x \in \mathbb{R}^d\}$, the value of $(\bar \mathbf{x}^N)^\top \mathbf{L} \bar \mathbf{x}^N$ only depends on the displacement of $\bar \mathbf{x}^N$ to its projection onto the consensus subspace.  Since $\mathbf{L}$ has a trivial kernel on this subspace, we may make the lower bound,
$$C = \frac{\rho}{2}(\bar \mathbf{x}^N)^\top \mathbf{L} \bar \mathbf{x}^N \geq \frac{\rho \lambda_2(\operatorname L)}{2} \| \bar \mathbf{x}^N - \bar \mathbf{x}_C^N\|_2^2.$$
Hence we have proven
$$\mathcal{L}(\bar \mathbf{x}^N,\mathbf{y}) \!-\! \mathcal{L}(\mathbf{x},\bar \mathbf{y}^N)\geq \frac{\rho \lambda_2(\operatorname L)}{2} \| \bar \mathbf{x}^N - \bar \mathbf{x}_C^N\|_2^2.$$
The result now follows from combining this bound with \eqref{eq: convergence_rate}.
\end{proof}

Although the Laplacian matrix $\mathbf L$ preserves the sparsity pattern of the communication graph, the matrix $\sqrt{\mathbf L}$ does not; hence, the iterations in \eqref{eq: primal_dual_before 0} cannot be implemented in a distributed fashion.  To move to a fully distributed implementation, we make the change of variables $\boldsymbol{\nu} = \sqrt{\mathbf{L}}\mathbf{y} + \rho \mathbf{L} \mathbf{x}$.  The iterations in \eqref{eq: primal_dual_before 0} can now be written in terms of the new variable $\boldsymbol{\nu}$, as follows:
\begin{subequations} \label{eq: primal_dual 0}
	\begin{align}
	\hat\mathbf{x}^{k+1} &= \mathbf{x}^k -\alpha\big(\nabla f(\mathbf{x}^k) + \boldsymbol{\nu}^k\big),  \label{eq: primal_dual xbar}\\
	\mathbf{x}^{k+1} &= \argmin_{\mathbf{x}} \bigg\{g(\mathbf{x}) + \frac{1}{2\alpha}\|\mathbf{x} - \hat\mathbf{x}^{k+1}\|_2^2\bigg\}.  \label{eq: primal_dual x}\\
	\boldsymbol{\nu}^{k+1} &= \boldsymbol{\nu}^k + \mathbf L \big((\rho + 2\beta)\mathbf{x}^{k+1}-(\rho + \beta)\mathbf{x}^k\big) \label{eq: primal_dual nu}.
	\end{align}
\end{subequations}

Here, we see why $\sqrt{\mathbf L}$ was chosen to create the consensus constraint instead of $\mathbf L$; we have been able to decouple the primal update from the graph structure and only the dual update must use communication between agents.  The update \eqref{eq: primal_dual nu} requires agents to know the states of their neighbors and the updates \eqref{eq: primal_dual xbar} and \eqref{eq: primal_dual x} can be performed by every agent with no communication at all.  Therefore, we may distribute the updates across individual agents as outlined in the following algorithm.

\begin{algorithm}[h]
	{\footnotesize \vspace*{1ex}
		\textbf{Given}: $f = \sum_{i=1}^n f_i$, where $f$ has $L_f$-Lipschitz gradient, $g = \sum_{i=1}^n g_i$.  An undirected and connected communication graph with Laplacian matrix $\operatorname L = [\operatorname L_{ij}]$, step sizes $0<\alpha,\beta$, augmentation parameter $\rho > 0$.
		\begin{algorithmic}[1]
			\State Initialize at $x_i^0$ such that $x_i^0 = x_j^0$ for all $i,j =1,\ldots,n$, initialize $\nu_i^0$ such that $\sum_i \nu_i^0 = 							0$
			\For {$k=0,1,2,\cdots$ all agents}
			\State
			$
			\hat x_i^{k+1} = x_i^k -\alpha\big(\nabla f_i(x_i^k) + \nu_i^k\big).
			$\vspace{.3 mm}
			\State
			$
			x_i^{k+1} = \argmin_x \{g_i(x) + \frac{1}{2\alpha}\|x - \hat x_i^{k+1}\|_2^2\}
			$\vspace{.3 mm}
			\State $\nu_i^{k+1}  = \nu_i^k + \sum_{\ell \in \mathcal{N}_i} \operatorname L_{i\ell}\big((\rho+2\beta)x_\ell^{k+1}-(\rho + \beta)x_\ell^k\big).$
			\EndFor
	\end{algorithmic}}
	\caption{\hspace*{-.5ex} Distributed Primal-Dual Algorithm} \label{Algorithm: Vanilla_PD}
\end{algorithm}

Note that since Theorem 1 assumes we initialize $\mathbf{x}^0$ to have consensus, and we assume $\mathbf{y}^0 \in (\ker \sqrt{\mathbf L})^\perp$, we have $\boldsymbol{\nu}^0 = \sqrt{\mathbf{L}}\mathbf{y} \in (\ker \sqrt{\mathbf L})^\perp$, or equivalently, $\sum_i \nu_i^0 = 0$.

Theorem 1 and Corollary show the dependence of the convergence rate toward optimality on the largest eigenvalue $\lambda_{n}$ and the dependence on the convergence rate toward consensus on the condition number $\lambda_{n}/\lambda_{2}$ (see \eqref{eq: step_size} and \eqref{eq: primal_rate}).  It is here that we draw inspiration from \cite{Scaman2017} and in the next section, apply Chebyshev polynomials to $\mathbf{L}$ in order to increase the largest eigenvalue, reduce the condition number, and achieve a faster ergodic convergence rate.

\subsection{The Preconditioned Primal-Dual Algorithm}

The Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind are defined by the recurrence relation,
$$T_0(x) = 1, \quad T_1(x) = x, \quad T_k(x) = 2xT_{k-1}(x) - T_{k-2}(x),$$
and have the property \cite{Auzinger2011},
\begin{align}
\underset{p \in \mathbb{P}_k, p(\gamma) = 1}{\argmin}\;\underset{t \in [\alpha,\beta]}{\max} |p(t)| = \frac{1}{T_k\big(1 + \frac{\gamma - \beta}{\beta - \alpha}\big)}T_k\bigg(1 + \frac{t - \beta}{\beta - \alpha}\bigg), \label{eq: cheby_prop}
\end{align}
where $\mathbb{P}_k$ is the set of monic polynomials of degree $k$ with real coefficients.  In other words, the Chebyshev polynomials can be used to construct polynomials with minimal $\ell^\infty$ norms over intervals.  We will use a polynomial which minimizes the maximum distance of the nonzero eigenvalues of $\mathbf L$ to 1, while preserving the eigenvalue at 0,
\begin{align}
\underset{p \in \mathbb{P}_k, p(0) = 0}{\argmin}\;\underset{t \in [\lambda_2,\lambda_n]}{\max} |1 - p(t)|. \label{eq: cheby_cond_prop}
\end{align}
Such a polynomial when applied to $\mathbf L$ will cluster all of the eigenvalues closer to 1, thus reducing the condition number.  This approach is used in \cite{Scaman2017}, where it is shown that for a scaled version of the Laplacian, $c_2\mathbf{L}$, where $c_2 = \frac{2}{(1 + \frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_n})\lambda_n}$, the relation \eqref{eq: cheby_prop} allows one to find that
\begin{align}
\underset{p \in \mathbb{P}_k, p(0) = 0}{\argmin}\;\;\underset{t \in [1 - c_1^{-1}, 1 + c_1^{-1}]}{\max} |1 \!- \!p(t)|\! = \!1\! -\! \frac{T_K(c_1(1-x))}{T_K(c_1)},
\end{align}
where $c_1 = (1 + \frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_n})/(1 - \frac{\lambda_2}{\lambda_n})$ and the nonzero eigenvalues of $c_2 \mathbf L$ lie in $[1 - c_1^{-1}, 1 + c_1^{-1}]$.  We similarly propose to precondition the Laplacian matrix with the polynomial,
\begin{align}
P_k(x) = 1 - \frac{1}{T_k(c_1)}T_k\big(c_1(1-x)\big).
\end{align}
We verify that the matrix $P_k(c_2\mathbf{L})$ will still create consensus among agents.  The proof is deferred to the appendix.
\begin{proposition}\label{proposition: kernel_check}
The preconditioned gossip matrix $P_k(c_2 \mathbf L)$ satisfies $\ker P_k(c_2 \mathbf L) = \operatorname{span}\{1_n \otimes x\;|\;x \in \mathbb{R}^d\}$.
\end{proposition}

Thus, we may encode the constraint of the problem \eqref{eq: distributed_problem} as $\sqrt{P_k(c_2\mathbf{L})}\mathbf{x} = 0$ and form the associated saddle point problem.  Using the recurrence relation for the Chebyshev polynomials we arrive at the following preconditioned primal dual algorithm.
\begin{algorithm}[h]
	{\footnotesize \vspace*{1ex}
		\textbf{Given}: $f = \sum_{i=1}^n f_i$, where $f$ has $L_f$-Lipschitz gradient, $g = \sum_{i=1}^n g_i$.  An undirected connected communication graph with gossip matrix $\operatorname L = [\operatorname L_{ij}]$, Chebyshev polynomial degree $K$, step size $\alpha>0$, augmentation parameter $\rho > 0$, set $\beta = \frac{1}{P_K(c_1\lambda_n)}\bigg(\frac{1}{\alpha} - L_f\bigg)-\rho$.
		\begin{algorithmic}[1]
			\State Initialize at $x_i^0$ such that $x_i^0 = x_j^0$ for all $i,j =1,\ldots,n$, initialize $\nu_i^0$ such that $\sum_i \nu_i^0 = 0$
			\For {$k=0,1,2,\cdots$ all agents}
			\State
			$
			\hat x_i^{k+1} = x_i^k -\alpha\big(\nabla f_i(x_i^k) + \nu_i^k).
			$\vspace{.3 mm}
			\State
			$
			x_i^{k+1} = \argmin_x \{g_i(x) + \frac{1}{2\alpha}\|x - \hat x_i^{k+1}\|_2^2\}
			$\vspace{1 mm}
			\LineComment{/* \texttt{Initialization of auxiliary variables for accelerated gossip} */} \vspace{1 mm}
			\State
			$
			a_i^0 = 1,\;a_i^1 = c_1.
			$
			\State
			$
			\xi_i^0 = (\rho+2\beta)x_i^{k+1}-(\rho + \beta)x_i^k.
			$\vspace{.3 mm}
			\State
			$
			\xi_i^1 = c_1\xi_i^0 - c_1c_2\sum_{\ell \in \mathcal N_i} \operatorname L_{i\ell} \xi_\ell^0.
			$\vspace{1 mm}
			\LineComment{/* \texttt{Accelerated gossip rounds} */} \vspace{1 mm}
			\For {$j=1,2,\ldots,K-1$ all agents}
			\State
			$
			a_i^{j+1} = 2c_1a_i^j - a_i^{j-1}
			$\vspace{.3 mm}
			\State
			$
			\xi_i^{j+1} = 2c_1\xi_i^j - 2c_1c_2 \sum_{\ell \in \mathcal N_i} \operatorname L_{i\ell} \xi_\ell^j - \xi_i^{j-1}
			$\vspace{.3 mm}
			\EndFor

			\State
			$
			\nu_i^{k+1}  = \nu_i^k + \bigg(\xi_i^0 - \frac{\xi_i^K}{a_i^K}\bigg).
			$
			\EndFor
	\end{algorithmic}}
	\caption{\hspace*{-.5ex} Chebyshev-Accelerated Distributed Primal-Dual Algorithm} \label{Algorithm: GPDPDA}

\end{algorithm}

Note that, for a given primal step size $\alpha$, we have set the dual step size, $\beta = \frac{1}{P_K(c_1\lambda_n)}\bigg(\frac{1}{\alpha} - L_f\bigg) - \rho$, to be as large as possible (as given by Theorem 1) after the effect of the Chebyshev preconditioning on the Laplacian matrix.  The updates for $\hat x_i^{k+1}$ and $x_i^{k+1}$ are identical to those in Algorithm \ref{Algorithm: Vanilla_PD}.  After these updates we must use the auxiliary variables $\{ \xi_i^j\}_{j=1}^K$  and $\{ a_i^j \}_{j=1}^K$ in order to compute the recurrence for the Chebyshev polynomial.  The net effect of the inner loop is to use a gossip matrix with better spectral properties, at the cost of taking $K$ extra rounds of communication per gradient update.  Note that this effect is not achieved by simply performing the dual update in Algorithm \ref{Algorithm: Vanilla_PD} (the original algorithm without preconditioning) $K$ times per primal update.  Depending on the specific application, one would have to decide how many extra rounds of communication can be tolerated based on the relative costs of gradient updates and communications between agents.  When the cost of agent communications is relatively cheap compared to the cost of gradient updates, the degree of the preconditioning Chebyshev polynomial can be larger without significantly increasing the time it takes for the algorithm to converge.

\subsection{Preliminaries}

We denote the set of real numbers by $\mathbb{R}$, the set of real $d$-dimensional vectors by $\mathbb{R}^d$, the $d$-dimensional vector of 1's and 0's by $1_d$ and $0_d$ respectively, and the $d$-dimensional identity matrix by $\operatorname I_d$.  A graph is defined as $\mathcal{G} = (\mathcal V, \mathcal E)$, where $\mathcal V$ is the set of vertices, and the edge set $\mathcal E$ contains pairs of vertices $(i,j)$ such that $(i,j) \in \mathcal E$ if and only if vertices $i$ and $j$ are connected in the graph.  Define the neighborhood set of a vertex $\mathcal N_i = \{ \ell \in \mathcal V\;|\;(i,\ell) \in \mathcal E \}$.  We assume here that $| \mathcal{V} | = n$ and the graph $\mathcal G$ is simple, connected, and undirected. We define the adjacency matrix $A = [a_{ij}]$ of $\mathcal G$ as $a_{ij} = 1$ if $(i,j) \in \mathcal E$ and $a_{ij} = 0$ otherwise.  The Laplacian matrix of $\mathcal G$ is defined as $\operatorname{L} = \operatorname{diag}(A1_n) - A$.  The matrix $\operatorname L$ is symmetric and positive semidefinite with eigenvalues $0 = \lambda_1 \leq \lambda_2 \leq \ldots \leq \lambda_n$, where the eigenvalue $\lambda_1=0$ corresponds to the eigenvector $1_n$.  If we take the eigenvalue decomposition $\operatorname L = U \operatorname{diag}(0, \lambda_2,\ldots \lambda_n)U^\top$ where $U$ is orthogonal, we may form the matrix $\sqrt{\operatorname{L}} = U \operatorname{diag}(0, \sqrt{\lambda_2}, \ldots, \sqrt{\lambda_n})U^\top$.  By $\| \operatorname L \|_2$ we denote the $\ell_2$ matrix norm (which coincides with the spectral radius for symmetric matrices), and we denote the kernel of the matrix $\operatorname L$ as $\ker(\operatorname L) = \text{span}\{1_n\}$.  The Kronecker product between two matrices or vectors is denoted $A \otimes B$ or $v \otimes w$, respectively.  A differentiable function $f: \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}$ has a $L_f$-Lipschitz gradient if, for all $x,y \in \mathbb{R}^d$, we have
$$\|\nabla f(x) - \nabla f(y)\| \leq L_f \|x - y\|.$$
For a non-differentiable $g \colon \mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R} \cup \{\infty\}$ with $\mathrm{dom} \, g = \{x \in \mathbb{R}^d \colon g(x)<\infty\}$, the subdifferential set is defined as
\begin{align*}
\partial g(x) := \{\gamma \in \mathbb{R}^d \colon g(x)+\gamma^\top (y-x) \leq g(y), \forall y\in \mathrm{dom}\,g\}.
\end{align*}

\section{Introduction}\label{se:introduction}

\input{introduction_revisions}

\section{Problem Formulation}

\input{problem_formulation_revisions}

\section{A Distributed Solution}
\input{distributed_solution_revisions}

\input{Numerical_Simulations_revisions}

\input{Conclusion_revisions}

\section{Appendix}

\subsection{Proof of Proposition \ref{proposition: kernel_check}} \label{proof: kernel_check proof}

\input{appendix}

\bibliographystyle{ieeetr}

\section{Numerical Simulations} \label{sec: Numerical Simulations}

In this section, we consider a distributed sparse signal recovery problem with an unknown signal $x_0 \in \mathbb{R}^{d}$ ($d=1024$), which consists of $T=10$ spikes with amplitude $\pm 1$. Consider a network of $n=100$ agents, in which agent $i \in \{1,\cdots,n\}$ measures $b_i = A_ix_0+v_i \in \mathbb{R}^{n_i}$ ($n_i=10$ for all $i$), where $v_i$ is drawn according to the Gaussian distribution $\mathcal{N}(0, 0.01 I_{n_i})$ on $\mathbb{R}^{n_i}$, and $A_i \in \mathbb{R}^{n_i \times d}$ is the measurement matrix ($n_i<d$) of agent $i$. The aggregated measurement matrix $A=[A_1^\top \cdots A_n^\top]^\top \in \mathbb{R}^{1000 \times 1024}$ is obtained by orthagonalizing the rows of a $1000 \times 1024$ matrix whose entries are generated independently and identically according to the standard normal distribution \cite{kim2007interior}. The goal of the agents is to recover the sparsity pattern of $x^\star$ without exchanging their data $(A_i,b_i)$. The corresponding centralized optimization problem can be written as
\begin{align} \label{eq: sparse recovery distributed}
&\mathrm{minimize}_{x \in \mathbb{R}^d} \ &&\sum_{i=1}^{n} \{\underbrace{\frac{1}{2} \|A_ix_i-b_i\|_2^2}_{f_i(x)} \ +\underbrace{ \alpha_i \|x\|_1}_{g_i(x_i)}\}  \\
&\text{subject to} &&x_1=\cdots=x_n, \nonumber
\end{align}
where $\alpha_i = \alpha/n$, $\alpha=0.01$ for all $i$. The first term is the sum of the squared measurement errors and the second term is an $\ell_1$ regularization to enhance sparsity in the decision variables.
\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{subfigure}{0.5\textwidth}
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Figure_1_1_new-eps-converted-to.pdf}
		\caption{\small Average suboptimality for sparse signal recovery on on a chain graph with $n=100$ nodes.}\label{fig: chain graph error evolution 1}
	\end{subfigure}
	\begin{subfigure}{0.5\textwidth}
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Figure_1_2_new-eps-converted-to.pdf}
		\caption{\small Total disagreement between agents on a chain graph with $n=100$ nodes.}\label{fig: chain graph error evolution 2}
	\end{subfigure}
	\caption{}
\end{figure}
Given these numerical values, we run Algorithm \ref{Algorithm: Vanilla_PD} and \ref{Algorithm: GPDPDA} with an appropriate selection of the step sizes prescribed by Theorem  \ref{theorem: convergence_thrm}. To measure the progress of the algorithm, we compute the quantities
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\varepsilon_1^k &= \dfrac{1}{n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \{(f_i(x^k_i)-f_i(x^*)) + (g_i(x^k_i)-g_i(x^*))\}, \\
\varepsilon_2^k &=\dfrac{1}{2} \sum_{i=1}^{n} \sum_{j \in \mathcal{N}_i} \|x_i^k-x_j^k \|_2^2.
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
where $x^\star$ is an optimal solution to the centralized problem. The first term, $\varepsilon_1^k$, is the average suboptimality, while the second term, $\varepsilon_2^k$, quantifies the disagreement between the agents states.

In Figure \ref{fig: chain graph error evolution 1}, we plot $\varepsilon_1^k$ and $\varepsilon_2^k$ for Algorithm \ref{Algorithm: GPDPDA} with $K=1$ (no preconditioning) and $K=5$ (preconditioning using five communication rounds per gradient update) applied to a chain network.  Such a network has poor mixing properties, and we clearly observe the benefit of Chebyshev preconditioning on the empirical convergence rate. For instance, without preconditioning, the number of gradient evaluations per node to achieve an accuracy level of $0.1$ is roughly $5000$, while this number is roughly $2500$ after preconditioning.  In Figure \ref{fig: chain graph error evolution 2} we see how far from consensus the network is as the iterations increase.  The high degree of oscillations correspond to the difficulty in maintaining consensus during the iterations for a network with a high condition number, such as a chain graph.

We also repeat the experiment for an Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi network with an average node degree of $3$ and we plot the error in Figure \ref{fig: random graph error evolution 1}. Here we observe a significant increase the performance of our algorithm compared to the standard primal dual method.  From Figure \ref{fig: random graph error evolution 2} we observe that preconditioning drives the network more quickly to consensus.

We acknowledge that the added complexity of the additional rounds of communication in the preconditioned case is hidden in these plots.  However, for the case where gradients are much more expensive to compute compared to the communications these plots give a reasonable indication of relative performance of the algorithms.  We emphasize that our algorithm is most useful in such scenarios.

\begin{figure}
	\centering
	\begin{subfigure}{0.5\textwidth}
		\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Figure_2_1_new-eps-converted-to.pdf}
		\caption{\small Average suboptimality for sparse signal recovery on an\\ Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph with average degree $3$ and $n=100$ nodes.}\label{fig: random graph error evolution 1}
	\end{subfigure}
	\begin{subfigure}{0.5\textwidth}
	\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Figure_2_2_new-eps-converted-to.pdf}
	\caption{\small Total disagreement between agents on an Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph \\with average degree $3$ and $n=100$ nodes.}\label{fig: random graph error evolution 2}
\end{subfigure}
\caption{}
\end{figure}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Taoiseach vows 135,000 people will receive Covid jab by end of February
Micheal Martin said 35,000 doses of the vaccine would be administered this week alone.
Taoiseach Micheal Martin (Julien Behal Photography/PA)
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The Taoiseach has said more than 135,000 people will be vaccinated with two doses of the Covid-19 vaccine in Ireland by the end of February.
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So far, 4,000 people have received the vaccine since the first dose was administered on December 29.
The rollout of the country's nursing home vaccination programme gets under way this week.
Speaking on RTE Radio's News at One, Mr Martin did not accept that the rollout of the vaccination programme was slow, saying: "I wouldn't use that phrase so slow to get under way.
"We will deliver the vaccination programme in accordance with the supply chain. As we get vaccines, we will be injecting.
"By the end of February, we will have up to 135,000 people vaccinated with the two doses. That involves 75,000 people in long-term care facilities, both residents and staff, and up to about 60,000 frontline health care workers."
Mr Martin described the growth of community transmission rates of Covid-19 as "very very serious", adding it had "exceeded any expectation".
But Mr Martin said: "There is light at the end of the tunnel, that's the point really. Whereas, over the last, the early phases of this, it was indefinite, we now have vaccines.
"More vaccines will come on stream. We will be in a different position by the summertime of that I have no doubt.
"We can get through this and we will get through this."
On Monday Health Minister Stephen Donnelly said the rollout was "accelerating quite quickly".
He said the 35,000 doses is an increase from 20,000 that was originally planned, due to an early shipment of the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine.
The first rollout of the vaccine in care homes was due to start on Monday, however it was delayed due to issues with consent forms.
Nursing Homes Ireland (NHI) has said there can be no further room for slippages or delays in delivering the Covid-19 vaccination programme to nursing homes.
Around 16 care homes are set to receive the jab on Thursday.
About 75,000 people working and living in nursing homes will receive their first dose in the next three weeks and that will be followed up with the second dose in the following three weeks.
The HSE boss Paul Reid has said doses of the vaccine will be given seven days a week.
The rollout of the State's coronavirus vaccination programme began last week when 79-year-old grandmother Annie Lynch, from Dublin, became the first person in the Republic to receive the jab on December 29.
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Finally Time to Buy Japanese Stocks?
Between real meltdown fears (as in nuclear) and factory shuttings, the aftermath of Japan's combined earthquake and tsunami shock has cast a pall on the country's 20-year effort to move onto a sustainable economic trajectory.
Still, the economic news is mixed. On the one side, investors bought up the yen, in expectation of Japanese investors selling foreign assets to help the massive reconstruction effort.
"Even though Japan's debt is more than twice its GDP (about three times the size of the U.S. debt), there is no risk of default since its debt is in its own currency. In this way Japan is like the United States and the United Kingdom, and unlike Greece and Ireland.
Others are not so assured on the inflation front. Over at ZeroHedge, guest columnist Jim Quinn looks at Japan's longer-term outlook.
That's a recipe for hyperinflation, he suggests – or at least bond vigilante fears – that so far have not been borne out. Of course, there's always the black swan … or models that, like a stopped clock, are right twice a day, through no fault or perscipience of their own.
More significant, perhaps, is the impact on the U.S. Obviously, the trade deficit will lessen, as Sony and Toyota, among others, lose a month of production. Then again, Japan may sell some of its foreign reserve holdings, putting pressure on U.S. interest rates. From one brow-beaten economy to another, one might say.
So is Japan a buy? A cover story in Barron's suggests so: "The average stock in Japan is selling now for 13.9 times its annual profit. Japanese stocks haven't been this cheap since the financial crisis.
"More remarkable, current stock prices value Japanese companies at just under book value, or assets less intangibles and liabilities. By contrast, stocks in the U.S. and China sell for twice book.
That view is seconded by perma-bear David Rosenberg. "To show just how far the market went in a classic case of shooting first and asking questions later, at one point last week CDS spreads were priced such that Japan was viewed as a greater default risk than Mexico or even Panama. I mean, there is no doubt that Japan has a massive government debt loan (200% of GDP) and that is about to get even larger but 95% of that debt is held by the country's own residents.
Lots of questions to ask before pulling the trigger, it appears. And this time, the magazine cover may signal buy, rather than sell.
If prime opportunities as mentioned in Japan offer 10% incentives in the coming months, I cannot help but consider there are safer opportunities in low-debt high-growth economies of emerging markets and other developing nations. Thus, just speaking personally, I find no compelling reason at this date for including Japan as an intentional focus for investing.


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What are the current treatments and their limitations? Existing drugs have serious drawbacks in terms of safety, resistance, stability, and cost. They have low. What are the current treatments for Chagas disease and their limitations? Drawbacks include long treatment periods ( days), dose-dependent toxicity, and a high drop-out rate of patients due to side-effects. There is currently no approved treatment for the chronic form of the. What are the current treatments for sleeping sickness and their limitations? Disease is caused by two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei (T. b.) gambiense.
Combination medications that contain short-acting anticholinergic and a short-acting beta-agonist. There are two main ways to get inhaled medications into the lungs: A nebulizer is a device that changes liquid medication into a fine mist that can be inhaled into the lungs.
This mist can be breathed in through a mouthpiece or face mask. There are two main types of nebulizers: The jet nebulizer is the most common. In jet nebulizers, pressurized gas from a small air compressor or pressurized oxygen at the hospital is forced through a narrow opening, combining it with the liquid medication to create a mist. Electronic nebulizers are another type of nebulizer.
Two main types are ultrasonic and vibrating mesh. Electronic nebulizers work by using electrical energy to cause very fast vibrations of a mechanical part that turns the liquid medication into a mist. There are two main types of handheld inhalers: A pMDI releases medication in the form of a fine mist that can be inhaled into the lungs. Each spray has a precisely measured dose of medication mixed with a propellant. The spray comes out by pushing down on the canister to release the medication.
Use a slow deep breath. DPIs do not contain a propellant, so the powder is inhaled by taking a fast, deep breath through the mouthpiece. With the DPI it is the user who provides the force to get the medication out of the device and into the lungs. Studies have shown that respiratory medications delivered by nebulizer, metered-dose inhaler MDI and dry-powder inhaler DPI have similar results.
However, these are dependent on proper technique. To decide which system is best for you, talk with your health care provider. Here are some things to consider:. Your doctor can measure the oxygen in your blood by using a pulse oximeter ox-im-eh-ter. This is a small device that fits snugly on your finger. It measures how many red blood cells are carrying oxygen.
If the level of oxygen in your blood is too low, it can be confirmed by an arterial blood gas test ABG. If so, your doctor may prescribe oxygen therapy for you. Shortness of breath does not necessarily mean you need to be on oxygen. Many patients who have severe shortness of breath do not have low oxygen levels in their blood.
Also, many patients who have low oxygen levels do not always feel breathless. Learn more about Oxygen Therapy. Pulmonary rehabilitation is a treatment program. It provides exercise training, education about COPD, tips on how to complete everyday activities without becoming so short of breath and advice on how to live better with your disease. Many different types of medical professionals work with you in the program.
These include doctors, nurses, physical therapists, exercise specialists and dietitians. Dietitians dye-ah-ti-shuns are individuals who can teach you about healthy food choices.
You will work with this team to create a special program for you. Pulmonary rehab programs are available in most communities and often paid for by insurance.
Learn more about Pulmonary Rehabilitation. All medicines can have side effects. Tell your health care provider about all the medicines you take so you can talk together about them. The COPD Foundation offers resources such as COPDsocial , an online community where you can connect with patients, caregivers and healthcare providers and ask questions, share your experiences and receive and provide support.
Current treatments for COPD cannot repair the damage to your lungs. However, some treatments may reduce your risk of exacerbations flare-ups. This makes it easier for you to breathe and feel better. Using medicines from different groups may help: Controllers Short-acting Anticholinergic Bronchodilators Controller Recent studies reveal inferior control of symptoms compared to long-acting anticholinergic agents. Long-acting Anticholinergic Bronchodilators Controller Inside our bodies, there is a constant stream of messages being sent to keep us safe and well.
Long-acting Beta-agonist Bronchodilators Controller These medicines also work to relax the muscles in your airways and keep them from squeezing.
These work very well especially for people with night-time symptom Corticosteroids Controller: Combination Long-acting Anticholinergics and Long-acting Beta-agonists Controller For the first time ever, we have a new medication that combines two long-acting bronchodilators into one inhaler.
Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitor PDE-4 Inhibitor, Controller This is a new class of controller medication that helps control airway inflammation. Rescue Inhalers Short fast -acting Beta-agonist Bronchodilators Rescue Reliever These medicines work to relax the muscles in your airways from squeezing. Combination Combination medications that contain short-acting anticholinergic and a short-acting beta-agonist.
Nebulizers and Handheld Inhalers. Nebulizers A nebulizer is a device that changes liquid medication into a fine mist that can be inhaled into the lungs. Jet nebulizers The jet nebulizer is the most common. Electronic nebulizers Electronic nebulizers are another type of nebulizer. Therapeutic approaches are mainly aimed at acute ischaemic stroke. The two major drug classes thrombolytic and antiplatelet agents, which also are used to treat myocardial infarction are less effective and sometimes detrimental in ischaemic stroke relative to myocardial infarction.
Current drug treatments are problematic because of their small therapeutic window and the risk of haemorrhage, as well as the difficulty in ensuring correct diagnosis, selecting the most suitable patients and making use of the small time window available for treatment.
Currently, the only approved drug for ischaemic stroke treatment is the tissue plasminogen activator t-PA alteplase Actilyse , which produces reperfusion by dissolving or breaking the thrombus. The effectiveness of thrombolytic drugs depends on the effectiveness of their delivery to the damaged vessel. Recently, according to a recommendation from the European Stoke Organisation based on findings from a randomised trial, ECASS 3 , Alteplase can be given up to four and a half hours after onset of ischaemic stroke rather than three hours PJ , 7 February , p In addition, this time window could be extended up to six hours, although evidence for this is being collected eg, IST-3 trial.
Extension of this window and provision of a higher local drug concentration could be achieved by intra-arterial administration of the thrombolytic agent proximal to the offending thrombus. Initial results from trials using intra-arterial prouroukinase showed significant improvements compared with tPA alone.
Secondary treatment of stroke patients often involves anticoagulants. Traditionally, both heparin and warfarin are used, but low molecular weight heparins bemiparin, dalteparin, enoxaparin and tinzaparin are increasingly employed due to their longer action and lower risk of inducing thrombocytopenia or osteoporosis compared with unfractionated heparin.
Stroke can cause infarction of brain tissue with resultant irreversible neurological damage associated with reductions in neuronal adenosine triphosphate and cell death. This area of infarction is termed the core region. The surrounding area, or penumbra, contains a collateral circulation that continues to perfuse the brain, although the supply of oxygen will be decreased, and evidence shows the presence of inflammatory cascades and cell death in this area.
Much work has focused on the cellular and biochemical pathways of stroke, revealing profiles of gene activation. Indeed, targeting the molecular and cellular penumbra may reveal drug targets for stroke intervention.
Excitotoxicity a process that damages and kills nerve cells occurs when the neurotransmitter glutamate, released in response to ischaemia, overactivates its receptors eg, N-methyl-D-aspartic acid [NMDA] receptor and a-aminohydroxylmethylisoxazole-propionate [AMPA] receptor.
This allows an influx of calcium ions, which, in turn, activates enzymes, such as endonucleases, proteases and phospholipases, causing damage. Most neuroprotectant therapies, such as NMDA antagonists, appear to have been unsuccessful and, in some cases, have worsened the outcome in ischaemic stroke but, when co-administered with a thrombolytic agent, appear to have shown a positive effect in transient ischaemia.
Complexin genes complexin I and II differentially expressed in human brain are regulators of neurotransmitter release and may provide the reason underlying the excessive sustained release of glutamate after acute stroke. It is well accepted that an inflammatory response is triggered after an ischaemic stroke. Inflammation during ischaemic stroke may occur due to thrombus of large eg, carotid, middle cerebral and basilar arteries or small eg, lenticulostriate, basilar penetrating and medullary arteries or due to an embolus.
Many studies have shown the presence and active state of leukocytes neutrophils and monocytes, which can be recruited as early as 30 minutes after ischaemia and reperfusion and resident cells eg, microglia, astrocytes and endothelial cells following stroke. The involvement of resident brain cells versus blood-borne cells remains unknown. Upregulation of cytokines and adhesion molecules occurs and this can induce damage to the blood-brain barrier and extracellular matrix, leading to oedema a major clinical complication in stroke and the further recruitment of leukocytes and platelets.
Endothelial cells are important in the pathophysiology of stroke. During the hypoxic stage of the stroke, endothelial cells swell and form microvilli. This reduces the vessel size and increases the plugging by erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets. Endothelial cells are also involved in vascular tone of a vessel, which becomes disrupted. Activation of the endothelial cells upregulates a variety of adhesion molecules that recruit platelets and leukocytes, increasing the inflammatory response.
Many drug candidates have been considered for targeting a specific aspect of the inflammatory cascade, such as adhesion molecules. These have led to failed clinical trials eg, enlimomab and Leukarrest.
An interleukin-1 antagonist IL-1RA has been administered to patients within six hours of stroke, although the clinical benefits remain unknown. However, no major side effects were observed and inflammatory cells were reduced. The area of inflammation is an active one in terms of potential targets for stroke patients, although results to date have been highly disappointing. Sadly, most drugs showing beneficial effects in animal stroke models go on to fail in clinical trials.
For example, exogenous administration of growth factors eg, brain-derived neuro-trophic factor has promoted recovery from stroke in rodents but, in humans, the trial was stopped. This questions the usefulness of animal models in understanding the pathophysiology of stroke and the potential development of therapeutic agents for stroke. However, these studies have often been conducted in healthy, young animals. Moreover, these models have focused on single targets in the hope that this provides the key to stroke treatment.
Clearly, this is not the answer to a dynamic pathology and we should be revisiting failed drug targets along with new targets for potential combination therapies for this complex disease. Despite the failure of many animal models to predict success in the clinic, they provide further evidence for the biology of stroke and the response to these therapies, enabling us to learn more about this disease. The use of animals for obtaining targets of stroke particularly when stroke itself is a multifactorial disease is a constant debate.
Animal models have included transient global brain ischaemia in gerbils, rats and mice. These correlated reasonably well with clinical findings and all show selective and delayed neuron death in the hippocampus, which matches that seen in the human. However, careful interpretation will always be needed.
Many animal models focus on the occlusion of the middle cerebral artery MCA. Focal ischaemic models are generated using a filament that is guided up the cerebral artery until it occludes the MCA. Other stroke models include the placement of homologous blood clots in the MCA, which may prove more relevant clinically.
Advances in neuroimaging, such as positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging MRI; perfusion weighted and diffusion weighted , have aided the assessment of patients. Neuroimaging in animals is now being recognised as an important step in helping to understand the pathophysiology of stroke and develop potential therapeutic drugs. Despite further potential glutamate receptor drug targets being produced NPS and Traxoprodil , none has proved successful, possibly due to the hyperacute release of glutamate.
Compounds that target the excitotoxicity associated with stroke, in particular the enhancement of glutamate transport function, may be valuable. Recently, ceftriaxone pretreated animals were shown to induce ischaemic tolerance in focal ischamia mediated by the astrocytic glutamate transporter protein, GLT-1 EAAT2. The application of ex vivo gene therapy is also being investigated with potentially fewer side effects. Combination therapy of caspase inhibitors with MK has been used in rodent models of stroke to block NMDA receptors or fibroblast growth factor, both of which have shown neuroprotection.
AMPA receptor antagonists have also been tried in humans but, to date, none has been successful, again, due to their side effects eg, kidney toxicity. Recent improvement of a non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist 2,3-benzodiazepine appears to have few side effects, although it is in its early stages. Recent in vivo studies have indicated that acid sensing ion channel blockers might provide neuroprotection, as seen in rodent models of cerebral ischaemia.
This requires further investigation. Hypothermia has also been suggested as a possible treatment in transient ischaemia, although there is debate on whether the activity of tPA may be reduced on cooling, as observed in vitro. Hypothermia may also be beneficial in reducing the activities of matrix metalloproteinases, which play a role in blood-brain barrier function and possible angiogenesis and remodelling after stroke, but evidence is still being collected.
Many advances have been made in stem cell research. Cell therapies for the treatment of myocardial infarction and stroke are being tested in early clinical trials. Small trials have already been performed using haematopoeitic stem and progenitor stem cells, although outcomes have been mixed. These studies showed several significant findings as assessed by the European stroke scale, indicating the safety and feasibility of neuron transplantation for patients with motor stroke.
Another group, the ReNeurob Group, has developed a fetal neural stem cell line CTX0E03 that can differentiate into mature cells with the characteristics of the cells from which they were derived. These cells have already been tested in rodent models and a non-human primate model, and a proposal is with the US Food and Drug Administration for a potential phase I trial. Clearly, this is an exciting time in stem cell research and although further studies are clearly needed, it may provide potential treatments and therapies for stroke.
This article focuses on several areas, although this is by no means an exhaustive list. From a preclinical point of view, a better understanding and interpretation of results from in vivo animal studies is required.
Currently, there is an unmet need for better drug treatments for this complex disease. In this article, Felicity N. E. Gavins discusses current treatments and the . Alzheimer's treatments – learn about drug and non-drug treatments that may help cognitive and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's and other dementias. Researchers believe successful treatment will eventually involve a combination of medications aimed at several targets, similar to current treatments for many.
Currently, there is an unmet need for better drug treatments for this complex disease. In this article, Felicity N. E. Gavins discusses current treatments and the .
Alzheimer's treatments – learn about drug and non-drug treatments that may help cognitive and behavioral symptoms of Alzheimer's and other dementias.
Researchers believe successful treatment will eventually involve a combination of medications aimed at several targets, similar to current treatments for many.
In this review we discuss current symptomatic treatments and new potential disease-modifying therapies for AD that are currently being studied in phase I–III .


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[ July 18, 2019 ] New study suggests link between autism and gender dysphoria News Briefs
Notre Dame de la France
Is it conceivable that the first country to loose ideological revolution on the world could be the same that launches the most intelligent and thoroughgoing intellectual counter-revolution in 230 years?
May 9, 2019 Chilton Williamson, Jr. The Dispatch 5 Print
People in Paris attend a Good Friday Stations of the Cross procession April 19, 2019, near the gutted Notre Dame Cathedral. (CNS photo/Gonzalo Fuentes, Reuters)
On April 16, the day after the devastating fire that destroyed the 850-year-old frame constructed of French oak (and known as "the forest," owing to the 52 acres from which it was harvested), the roofing, and the spire of Notre Dame de Paris, Fabrice Luchini wrote in Le Figaro, "Même si on n'est pas chrétien, même si nous ne sommes plus chrétiens, la France est chrétienne." ("Even if one is not Christian, even if we are no longer Christians, France is Christian.") This Holocaust of the Wood (suggesting Christ's death on the Wood of the Cross), which occurred at the beginning of Holy Week and was quite naturally interpreted by Catholics in France and around the world as a divine sign, appalled France's secular majority as well. Chantal Delsol, the Catholic philosopher, explained this response as a shocked rediscovery of "la patrimoine" and its inestimable value.
Early in May, Philippe d'Iribarne, the author of several books including La Logique de l'honneur: Gestion des enterprises et traditions nationales ("The Logic of Honor: The management of enterprises and national traditions"), proposed in the same paper that Notre Dame is a symbol of the Middle Ages "full of noise and fury but also of life and feeling" that appeals to modern people who feel orphaned "in a time where the stones of the cathedral remain but where the rest of life tends to dissolve in a vague humanism without relief or savor."
In the modern universalist age, d'Iribarne argued, people hunger for the particular, and for historical particularities such as Hugo's novel Notre Dame de Paris (published in 1831 as a public protest against long neglect of the building), Napoleon's imperial coronation in the cathedral, and the "Te Deum" celebrated there after the defeat of the Central Powers in 1918. "When, in sorrow over the fire, the attachment to a world that no longer exists can express itself without being accused of nostalgic populism, the unspeakable shows through." D'Iribarne concluded: "[The disaster involving Notre Dame] was a matter of the soul, of an opening upon infinity."
Since 1789, "the patrimony" has been successively despoiled and weakened by the French Revolution and its universalist philosophy ("the rights of man,"), by laicism, by modern republicanism, by emigration from Algeria and the Muslim invasion from Africa and the Middle and Near East, and by the West's having delivered itself up to that huge and squatting hearth god, the god of multiculturalism. Resistance is forming across the Western nations today against the post-modern, post-liberal project called globalization; a more or less anodyne term (surely the process dates from the creation of the ancient Eastern empires, and after them Europe's discovery and colonization of the Americas) that is also wholly insufficient to describe what has really been going on in recent decades: post-modern liberalism's project to redefine reality and recreate it to agree with the updated liberal dream of a perfected world. This reaction is occurring across Western, Southern, and Eastern Europe—in Great Britain, in the Netherlands, in the Scandinavian countries, in Hungary, Austria, and the Czech Republic, in Italy, and now, with the recent victory of Vox at the polls, in Spain; hitherto the Continent's last liberal holdout against "populism."
Brexit apart, the conservative renewal may actually be strongest in France, where "populism," expressed in cruder form by the Front National and violently by the gilets jaunes, exists in parallel with the development of a relatively new, sophisticated, elegant, and powerful intellectual Right whose equivalent is scarcely to be found elsewhere in Continental Europe, and even in the United Kingdom and the United States. It is true that ideas that are publicly proscribed in the British Isles remain expressible (for now) in the United States. But ideas and arguments that the vast majority of American publishers would hesitate or refuse to print are published every day by French houses like Albin Michel, Stock, Grasset, and Flammarion. (It is hard to imagine a major American house accepting Michel Houellebecq's Soumission, about the election of a Muslim as the president of France and the subsequent Islamization of the country, for publication had it been written originally in English by an American author, and in an American setting.)
Le vieux monde est de retour: Enquête sur les nouveaux conservateurs ("The Old World has Returned: An Inquiry into the New Conservatives"), by Pascale Tournier (Éditions Stock, 2018), is an excellent and very useful survey of the new, often youthful, and highly diversified French Right. Le Figaro, an organ of the old French right founded in 1826, is far and away the most frank, interesting, and intelligent conservative daily to be found anywhere between San Francisco Bay and the Rhine: every issue is heavy with superb essays, reviews, and interviews, many of them in the paper's Sélection Premium as it appears online. Alan de Benoist, a frequent contributor, is probably the writer, European or otherwise, with the best grasp of, and insight into, the phenomenon inaccurately called "populism"; he is also among those most sympathetic to the phenomenon. Alas, Benoist is as well a sworn enemy of Christianity.
Another of its most politically incorrect, thrusting, and uncompromising contributors is the polemical columnist and author Éric Zemmour, an Algerian Jew whose candid discussion of the dangers of aggressive Islam to a Western country would bar him from the American mainstream media. In Britain his writing would surely result in his prosecution and imprisonment on charges of "hate speech." It is similarly difficult to imagine the Manif pour tous demonstrations against homosexual marriage, the adoption of children by homosexuals, and "gender theory" that brought more than a million protestors into the streets of Paris in 2013 and tens of thousands more in 2016, occurring anywhere in the Anglo-sphere. La Manif pour tous finds no echo in the United Kingdom, the Commonwealth, or the United States, where homosexual marriage and adoption have been negligently accepted, and even ignored, by all but a tiny minority of moral and cultural dissidents.
This spring, conservative French letters, politics, social movements, and Catholicism happily converge in the person of a single man. François-Xavier Bellamy, 33 years old, a professor of philosophy, a published author, and a devout Catholic has served as a town councilor for Versailles since 2014. Today, appointed by Laurent Wauquiez, the leader of Les Républicains, he heads the party's list for election as a member of the European Parliament in the Européenes on May twenty-third. His most recent book—Demeure: Pour échapper à l'ère du movement perpétual ("Remain: To escape the era of perpetual movement")—concludes that "ceaseless movement is the surest way not to advance: if we do not know where we are going, we are strongly at risk of ceaselessly returning to the same place, the same state." Fortunate France! The day is not yet in sight when a candidate of such intellectual distinction could be nominated by the GOP—or any American party–for election to an office of such relative prominence and importance.
Is it conceivable that the first country to loose ideological revolution on the world could be the same that launches the most intelligent and thoroughgoing intellectual counter-revolution in 230 years? That is beginning to look very possible indeed.
Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris
About Chilton Williamson, Jr. 5 Articles
Chilton Williamson, Jr. is the author of several works of fiction, narrative nonfiction, and "pure" nonfiction, including After Tocqueville: The Promise and Failure of Democracy and Jerusalem, Jerusalem! A Novel. He has also written hundreds of essays, critical reviews, and short stories for publications including Chronicles: A Magazine of American Culture, Harper's, The New Republic, National Review, Commonweal, The New Leader, The American Spectator, among others. You can visit him online at www.chiltonwilliamson.com.
What do Jews and Christians have in common? Love of neighbor, Pope Francis says
'No greater love' — Denver Catholics remember Kendrick Castillo, who died in STEM school shooting
Now the Battle for Notre Dame Begins
April 25, 2019 Dr. Randall B. Smith 28
The ashes have cooled. The firemen did their jobs. Within hours they were able to stop the flames from consuming the building and minimize the damage to the structure and its treasures. But now the […]
Longing to Remember
April 23, 2019 Timothy D. Lusch 1
"The Church became for me an inspirer of remembrance." — Dom Erik Varden, OCSO The inferno at Cathedral Notre-Dame de Paris left behind more than smoke-damaged stained glass and charred eight-hundred-year-old oak beams. Lingering after the […]
Will Sri Lanka be a wake-up call for the West?
April 28, 2019 William Kilpatrick 19
I haven't yet seen Hotel Mumbai, but I was surprised to learn of its release last month. The surprise was on two counts: first, that anyone had dared to make a movie that depicts Muslims […]
A very insightful piece. It fills me with hope to think there is place where counter revolution is possible. It seems so hopeless here in the States.
Rev. Msgr. Thomas E. Crane
One of the best, most substantive and promising pieces that you have yet offered..and you have offered many such!!
Siuyin Ho
I have no problem with a call to revitalizing "the patrimony" with its "universalist philosophy" but I do have a problem with drawing an association between "the secularist demise of this universalism" and the "influx of multiculturalism" in the form of refugees from other places. For the whole concept of Caritas as embedded and inalienable from Catholic Social Teaching is about welcoming the stranger and the outcast and then understanding that it is only through doing that that you bridge the gap (the artifice, the wall constructed by modern secularism) between the "haves" and the "have nots" and then it becomes possible this thing of universal brotherhood where the notion of "other people" from "other places" being "strangers" is dissolved into a unity of trust and openness.
I don't think equating "the dissociative complexity of problems symptomatic of our times" with the influx of people from outside of Europe is a morally sound position to take. I think this rationale ties tragically in with a kind of mobid Euro-supremacist bent and therefor is in complete contradiction not only to the Gospel but also to the "universality" of the Catholic tradition. I know Pope Francis would also think it an abhorrent position to take as it flies in the face of being humble in light of our differences as human beings. I was plainly shocked to read, in what I was thinking was an amazing written piece on Notre Dame, this:
"Since 1789, "the patrimony" has been successively despoiled and weakened by the French Revolution and its universalist philosophy ("the rights of man") by emigration from Algeria and the Muslim invasion from Africa and the Middle and Near East, and by the West's having delivered itself up to that huge and squatting hearth god, the god of multiculturalism".
How on earth can we ever hope to win souls for God's Kingdom with such a selfishly insular and unecumenical attitude! This goes completely against everything our Faith stands for! And another thing is, our Christian heritage comes originally from the Middle or Near East, a part of the world that is castigated within Williamson's statement here as a banal threat to his idealized & imagined "civility" of a West without a heart of openness, without a heart of love for those who come from afar.
Everything else is fine in his article except for that position which posits itself as unwilling to befriend those who are "different from us".
According to the Catholic social teaching on immigration, governments have a responsibility to help those who are truly in distress/danger. However, and of critical importance, the teaching also states:
– The governments of nations have a responsibility to secure their borders and protect the common good of their individual nations.
– Immigrants have a responsibility to serve the common good of the country that welcomes them, including respecting the culture and properly becoming part of the community they've entered.
Therefore, governments have the right to reject certain immigrants or to expel those who subvert the host nation's culture, religion being a part of the culture.
The Prodigal Eldest Daughter of the Church | Burned-Over District Perennialist
Russell Shaw July 18, 2019 9
Religious persecution is a global problem, Pence and Pompeo tell Ministerial
Johann du Toit: Father, I think that Faggioli is rather ignorant of Catholic doctrine. He had a twitter fight a couple of months…
mrscracker: I think academics sometimes write controversial pieces in part to keep their names relevant. And that would have been successful…
meiron: Question: Did Villanova stand then or now in opposition to LankyLads? Their position today is prostrate.
thomistica on Villanova historian says Chaput, Cordileone, and Strickland are 'devout schismatics'
Full text: Pope Francis' Easter "Urbi et Orbi" message
Catherine Harmon March 31, 2013 0
Today Pope Francis celebrated Easter Sunday Mass in St. Peter's Square. He did not preach a homily this morning, but following the Mass, he delivered the customary "Urbi et Orbi" – "to the city and […]


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"Social Justice and Religion in the Age of Pope Francis"—Washington, Buenos Aires Joint Panel Discussion, Sept. 30
Speakers @ NYU Events The Global Network Global Academic Centers NYU Buenos Aires NYU Washington DC
NYU will host "Social Justice and Religion in the Age of Pope Francis," a video-linked panel discussion hosted by NYU's Washington, DC and Buenos Aires academic sites, on Wed., Sept. 30, 6:30 p.m. EDT.
New York University will host "Social Justice and Religion in the Age of Pope Francis," a video-linked panel discussion hosted by NYU's Washington, DC and Buenos Aires academic sites, on Wed., Sept. 30, 6:30 p.m. EDT. (c)iStock/Roshds
New York University will host "Social Justice and Religion in the Age of Pope Francis," a video-linked panel discussion hosted by NYU's Washington, DC and Buenos Aires academic sites, on Wed., Sept. 30, 6:30 p.m. EDT.
The event brings together community activists, religious leaders, policy makers, and others to discuss themes of social justice and interfaith collaboration. Since his papalization, Pope Francis has been an advocate for underserved populations and has created a wave of new attention to social justice and climate issues in the global arena. This panel will explore these issues from a multi-faith perspective and examine some of the challenges and triumphs of a faith-based response to social change.
Panelists include: Imam Daayiee Abdullah, founder and executive director of the Muslim Education Center for Creative Academics; Marina Artusa, a journalist for Clarin, an Argentinian newspaper; Father Gustavo Oscar Carrara, whose parish "Santa Maria Madre del Pueblo" is one of the poorest in Buenos Aires; John Gehring, Catholic program director, Faith in Public Life, and author of The Francis Effect: A Radical Pope's Challenge to the American Catholic Church; Vicky Kiechel, a faculty member at NYU's Washington, DC Academic Center; and Rabbi Ernesto Yattah, dean of the Abraham Joshua Heschel Rabbinical School at the Seminario Rabínico Lationamericano Marshall T. Meyer in Buenos Aires.
Registration is required. Reporters wishing to attend must RSVP to James Devitt, NYU's Office of Public Affairs, at 212.998.6808 or james.devitt@nyu.edu.
The event is co-sponsored with NYU Global Spiritual Life.
In the Post-Reconstruction Years Before the Harlem Renaissance, Talented Black Writers Struggled to Be Published


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The Flash: Billy Crudup In Talks To Return For DC Film
October 2, 2020 by Irish Cinephile 3 Comments
The Hollywood Reporter is exclusively reporting that Billy Crudup is in negotiations with Warner Bros. to return for the upcoming DC film The Flash, reprising the role he played in 2017's Justice League.
Roald Dahl's The Witches: Official Trailer Released Online As It Moves From Cinematic Release To HBO Max In The US
October 2, 2020 by Irish Cinephile Leave a comment
Warner Bros. have released the official trailer for the film adaptation of Roald Dahl's The Witches, which was originally set for cinematic release this month in the U.S but will now be moved onto the HBO Max streaming service.
One Night In Miami: Amazon Announces Cinematic And Amazon Prime Release
Amazon have announced that they have set Regina King's directorial debut, One Night In Miami, for cinematic release on the 25th December 2020 and then have it become available worldwide on Amazon Prime on the 15th January 2021.
He's All That: Tanner Buchanan To Star Opposite Addison Rae For She's All That Reimagining
Collider is exclusively reporting that Tanner Buchanan will star opposite Addison Rae in She's All That, the reimagining of the 1999 teen comedy She's All That.
Cobra Kai: Season 3 Date Announcement Trailer Released Online, Renewed For Fourth Season
Netflix have released a date announcement trailer for the upcoming third season of Cobra Kai, whilst also confirming that the series has been renewed for a fourth season.