How can we make sure everyone has access to this life saving science? Should we?
CRISPR, a gene editing tool, is at the heart of numerous new medical treatments and technologies. Some of the incredible uses of CRISPR we've seen in the past year alone include editing phages to kill antibiotic-resistant bacteria; targeting cancer's "command center" in mice, boosting survival rates from 0 to 100 percent; repairing the gene defects that cause sickle cell disease; and copying the T-cells of naturally HIV-immune individuals.
However, even as CRISPR moves toward clinical trials and practical use, its future remains unclear. This is due to the extreme cost of CRISPR treatments; most people simply cannot afford them, and whether insurance carriers will pay the tab is uncertain. Some insurance companies have already implemented no coverage policies for gene therapies; the American healthcare system is ever-changing, and it's seeming increasingly likely that these extremely expensive therapies might be out of reach even for people with insurance.
StatNews reports that oncologist and author Dr. Siddhartha Mukherjee, who wrote the bestseller Emperor of All Maladies, told the American Society of Clinical Oncology in spring that the world would soon be divided "into the rich who can afford personalized cancer treatment and the poor who cannot." The case of Glybera, a gene therapy infamously called "the most expensive drug in the world," adds more credence to this concern. At a whopping $1.4 million per patient, Glybera was sold only once in Germany, abandoned in the EU, and never came to the US market due to its cost.
Much of the issue arises as we try to treat and cure rare diseases, which the United States defines as diseases that affect fewer than 200,000 people and the European Union defines as one that affects fewer than 1 in 2,000 people. However, cumulatively, rare diseases effect an estimated 25 to 30 million Americans, and there could be up to 7,000 rare diseases.
The tension comes at the nexus between multiple market forces: drug companies who want to invest in research and profit from their investment; insurance companies who must maximize profit for shareholders while insuring as many people as possible; governments and leaders with different policies about intervention into the system; scientists who may have independent interest in conducting research but must find a way to fund it; and patients (some with insurance, some without) who are interested or, in some cases, desperate for treatments and cures. How to relieve the tension and allow science to progress in the best way for the most people is a difficult question, but various experts have ideas.
University of Alberta law and policy expert Tania Bubela suggests to StatNews that insurers should be allowed to reimburse drug companies for gene therapies before they receive FDA approval, requiring them to amass more data before increasing drug costs to full price. Another partial solution might be to grant CRISPR licenses one gene at a time rather than issuing exclusive patents on tools like CRISPR. Other creative intellectual property strategies have been proposed by the Rare Genomics Institute. Pediatric oncologist Stuart Orkin and Phillip Reilly, a Third Rock Ventures partner, along with FDA commissioner Scott Gottlieb, advocate for spreading insurer payments to companies out over years of time contingent upon the drug's continued performance, a sort of annuities structure; this would recognize the value in paying for even expensive drugs rather than years of care and treatment for expensive diseases.
Some form of government intervention is probably inevitable, according to most experts. The US Orphan Drug Act, for example, facilitates the development of treatments and drugs for rare diseases; Orkin and Reilly argue that funds from the Act could pay for gene therapies. The 2009 Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act made generic biologics, called biosimilars, possible. However, generic forms of CRISPR are not likely to come for decades. Where does this leave us?


All uniform shirts and outerwear can be purchased through Sports Specialty's online store and a percentage of each sale will be reimbursed to the CCA PTO. For the 2018-2019 school year, a dri-fit shirt is being introduced as a new option for a uniform shirt. Students may now wear the current unisex cotton shirt or choose from men's, women's, or youth dri-fit shirts. Samples of every size will be in the CCA front office during regular business hours.
All bottom wear purchased from a vendor of choice must meet school regulations.
*Previously purchased CCA uniforms (in good condition) are permissible.


text:
Q: SSL Connection Works in Test in IDE but Fails when run in gradle I have a more complicated set of code but I am able to reproduce with this reduced set: https://github.com/danapsimer/test-ssl
Basically, the SSL handshake fails when this test is run in Gradle but when it is run in the IDE it succeeds ( I am using IntelliJ ).  Even if I tell IntelliJ to run tests using gradle it succeeds when run in the IDE.  However, when the same code is run from a command shell, it fails.  This happens on my local OSX and in the linux containers that our Jenkins runs the code on.
Here is the output of the failure:
➜  test git:(master) ./gradlew clean test --stacktrace
:clean
:compileJava UP-TO-DATE
:processResources UP-TO-DATE
:classes UP-TO-DATE
:compileTestJava
:processTestResources UP-TO-DATE
:testClasses
:test

com.foo.test.SSLTest > testSSLWithHttpClient FAILED
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException at SSLTest.java:16
    Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException at SSLTest.java:16
        Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException at SSLTest.java:16

1 test completed, 1 failed
:test FAILED

FAILURE: Build failed with an exception.

* What went wrong:
Execution failed for task ':test'.
> There were failing tests. See the report at: file:///Users/Shared/Documents/usom/test/build/reports/tests/index.html

* Try:
Run with --info or --debug option to get more log output.

* Exception is:
org.gradle.api.tasks.TaskExecutionException: Execution failed for task ':test'.
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeActions(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:69)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:46)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.PostExecutionAnalysisTaskExecuter.execute(PostExecutionAnalysisTaskExecuter.java:35)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipUpToDateTaskExecuter.execute(SkipUpToDateTaskExecuter.java:66)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ValidatingTaskExecuter.execute(ValidatingTaskExecuter.java:58)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.execute(SkipEmptySourceFilesTaskExecuter.java:52)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.execute(SkipTaskWithNoActionsExecuter.java:52)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.execute(SkipOnlyIfTaskExecuter.java:53)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteAtMostOnceTaskExecuter.execute(ExecuteAtMostOnceTaskExecuter.java:43)
    at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskGraphExecuter$EventFiringTaskWorker.execute(DefaultTaskGraphExecuter.java:203)
    at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskGraphExecuter$EventFiringTaskWorker.execute(DefaultTaskGraphExecuter.java:185)
    at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.AbstractTaskPlanExecutor$TaskExecutorWorker.processTask(AbstractTaskPlanExecutor.java:66)
    at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.AbstractTaskPlanExecutor$TaskExecutorWorker.run(AbstractTaskPlanExecutor.java:50)
    at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskPlanExecutor.process(DefaultTaskPlanExecutor.java:25)
    at org.gradle.execution.taskgraph.DefaultTaskGraphExecuter.execute(DefaultTaskGraphExecuter.java:110)
    at org.gradle.execution.SelectedTaskExecutionAction.execute(SelectedTaskExecutionAction.java:37)
    at org.gradle.execution.DefaultBuildExecuter.execute(DefaultBuildExecuter.java:37)
    at org.gradle.execution.DefaultBuildExecuter.access$000(DefaultBuildExecuter.java:23)
    at org.gradle.execution.DefaultBuildExecuter$1.proceed(DefaultBuildExecuter.java:43)
    at org.gradle.execution.DryRunBuildExecutionAction.execute(DryRunBuildExecutionAction.java:32)
    at org.gradle.execution.DefaultBuildExecuter.execute(DefaultBuildExecuter.java:37)
    at org.gradle.execution.DefaultBuildExecuter.execute(DefaultBuildExecuter.java:30)
    at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher$4.run(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:153)
    at org.gradle.internal.Factories$1.create(Factories.java:22)
    at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.run(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:91)
    at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.run(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:53)
    at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher.doBuildStages(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:150)
    at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher.access$200(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:32)
    at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher$1.create(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:98)
    at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher$1.create(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:92)
    at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.run(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:91)
    at org.gradle.internal.progress.DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.run(DefaultBuildOperationExecutor.java:63)
    at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher.doBuild(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:92)
    at org.gradle.initialization.DefaultGradleLauncher.run(DefaultGradleLauncher.java:83)
    at org.gradle.launcher.exec.InProcessBuildActionExecuter$DefaultBuildController.run(InProcessBuildActionExecuter.java:99)
    at org.gradle.tooling.internal.provider.ExecuteBuildActionRunner.run(ExecuteBuildActionRunner.java:28)
    at org.gradle.launcher.exec.ChainingBuildActionRunner.run(ChainingBuildActionRunner.java:35)
    at org.gradle.launcher.exec.InProcessBuildActionExecuter.execute(InProcessBuildActionExecuter.java:48)
    at org.gradle.launcher.exec.InProcessBuildActionExecuter.execute(InProcessBuildActionExecuter.java:30)
    at org.gradle.launcher.exec.ContinuousBuildActionExecuter.execute(ContinuousBuildActionExecuter.java:81)
    at org.gradle.launcher.exec.ContinuousBuildActionExecuter.execute(ContinuousBuildActionExecuter.java:46)
    at org.gradle.launcher.exec.DaemonUsageSuggestingBuildActionExecuter.execute(DaemonUsageSuggestingBuildActionExecuter.java:51)
    at org.gradle.launcher.exec.DaemonUsageSuggestingBuildActionExecuter.execute(DaemonUsageSuggestingBuildActionExecuter.java:28)
    at org.gradle.launcher.cli.RunBuildAction.run(RunBuildAction.java:43)
    at org.gradle.internal.Actions$RunnableActionAdapter.execute(Actions.java:173)
    at org.gradle.launcher.cli.CommandLineActionFactory$ParseAndBuildAction.execute(CommandLineActionFactory.java:239)
    at org.gradle.launcher.cli.CommandLineActionFactory$ParseAndBuildAction.execute(CommandLineActionFactory.java:212)
    at org.gradle.launcher.cli.JavaRuntimeValidationAction.execute(JavaRuntimeValidationAction.java:35)
    at org.gradle.launcher.cli.JavaRuntimeValidationAction.execute(JavaRuntimeValidationAction.java:24)
    at org.gradle.launcher.cli.ExceptionReportingAction.execute(ExceptionReportingAction.java:33)
    at org.gradle.launcher.cli.ExceptionReportingAction.execute(ExceptionReportingAction.java:22)
    at org.gradle.launcher.cli.CommandLineActionFactory$WithLogging.execute(CommandLineActionFactory.java:205)
    at org.gradle.launcher.cli.CommandLineActionFactory$WithLogging.execute(CommandLineActionFactory.java:169)
    at org.gradle.launcher.Main.doAction(Main.java:33)
    at org.gradle.launcher.bootstrap.EntryPoint.run(EntryPoint.java:45)
    at org.gradle.launcher.bootstrap.ProcessBootstrap.runNoExit(ProcessBootstrap.java:55)
    at org.gradle.launcher.bootstrap.ProcessBootstrap.run(ProcessBootstrap.java:36)
    at org.gradle.launcher.GradleMain.main(GradleMain.java:23)
    at org.gradle.wrapper.BootstrapMainStarter.start(BootstrapMainStarter.java:30)
    at org.gradle.wrapper.WrapperExecutor.execute(WrapperExecutor.java:129)
    at org.gradle.wrapper.GradleWrapperMain.main(GradleWrapperMain.java:61)
Caused by: org.gradle.api.GradleException: There were failing tests. See the report at: file:///Users/Shared/Documents/usom/test/build/reports/tests/index.html
    at org.gradle.api.tasks.testing.Test.handleTestFailures(Test.java:1232)
    at org.gradle.api.tasks.testing.Test.executeTests(Test.java:624)
    at org.gradle.internal.reflect.JavaMethod.invoke(JavaMethod.java:75)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory$StandardTaskAction.doExecute(AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory.java:228)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory$StandardTaskAction.execute(AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory.java:221)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.project.taskfactory.AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory$StandardTaskAction.execute(AnnotationProcessingTaskFactory.java:210)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.AbstractTask$TaskActionWrapper.execute(AbstractTask.java:621)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.AbstractTask$TaskActionWrapper.execute(AbstractTask.java:604)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeAction(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:80)
    at org.gradle.api.internal.tasks.execution.ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.executeActions(ExecuteActionsTaskExecuter.java:61)
    ... 60 more

BUILD FAILED

Total time: 2.86 secs

The code is that fails is this:
package com.foo.test;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.junit.Test;

public class SSLTest {
@Test
    public void testSSLWithHttpClient() throws Exception {
        CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.createDefault();
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("https://google.com");
        CloseableHttpResponse response = httpclient.execute(httpGet);
        try {
            System.out.println(response.getStatusLine());
            HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
            EntityUtils.consume(entity);
        } finally {
            response.close();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
/ Social Sciences and the Law
/ Political Science and Government
/ Political Science: Terms and Concepts
/ press, freedom of the
press, freedom of the
press, freedom of the, liberty to print or to otherwise disseminate information, as in print, by broadcasting, or through electronic media, without prior restraints such as licensing requirements or content review and without subsequent punishment for what is said. Freedom of the press, which has been limited not only by governments but at times by churches, is absolute in no country. In modern democracies it is rarely attacked by overt forms of censorship but is often compromised by governments' ability to withhold information, by self-censorship in reaction to various pressures, by selective government leaking of information or disinformation, and by other factors.
In the United States, freedom of the press and the broader freedom of speech (see speech, freedom of) are protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution and are considered fundamental rights of the people. In practice, though, some kinds of speech and publication (e.g., obscenity or violations of copyright) are considered outside the amendment's purview, and others, like commercial speech (advertising or product claims), receive a reduced level of protection. In addition, broadcasters are subject to government licensing requirements. The protections to be afforded users of on-line computer services, the Internet, and other new means of publication are the focus of a developing debate; in 1996 a federal district court panel struck down the new Communications Decency Act, holding that Internet communications were entitled to the same degree of protection as printed communications.
Sections in this article:
See more Encyclopedia articles on: Political Science: Terms and Concepts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


One of my wife's clients has the best trophy room I have ever seen. He has been Sportsman of the year and holds many World Slams, etc. This year he will be donating all of his animals to the Natural History Museum in Houston (I think thats the place they are going). I will get the opportunity to help pack these animals up and get them shipped down there. The pictures aren't great but the sheep wall alone is crazy.
That's off the charts in so many ways. Amazing.
Wow, I hardly know how to respond to that. Amazing. I hope he remembers every minute of it, or at least wrote all the stories down!
Nice. Looks like he jumped on Noah's Ark with a M-134. I've seen a much better collection but can't remember the hunter's name. Randy's cameraman Tyler took me to his house in SLC while at the EXPO a dozen years ago. It was also a pay by the head collection. Tons of freaky big critters from all over earth.
7mm-HT or a 6.5 creedmoor?
Crazy impressive. So many dreams in those pics.
I am guessing that is one client you don't want to let get away.
That sheep wall is insane.
Hunting in Africa doesn't appeal to me, but I've got to admit that elephant shoulder mount looks pretty cool.
I'm happily married, but I still have to ask if he has any daughters?
Yeah, that's amazing. And that sheep wall is insane. Wow!
Just trying to do the math on that sheep wall with the cost of a guided sheep hunt in Canada or Mexico or even worse auction tags and it gets pretty staggering. Pretty amazing collection.
P.S. - Yes I am jealous.
In 1989, Hugh Codding donated the entire Codding Museum inventory to Petaluma High School instructor Ron Head to create an innovative educational program. Ron's dream was to give high school students career and leadership skills through active participation in an environmental education program. The Petaluma Wildlife Museum facility was built in 1940 as a school bus garage. When the Museum's collection outgrew the confines of Ron's classroom portable, the Codding family helped purchase a new bus garage, freeing the old one to be used as a world-class 9000 square foot wildlife museum. Over the next few years, hundreds of volunteers from every corner of the community donated time and money to construct various dioramas representing habitats from across the world. They also built displays to house mineral collections, poaching artifacts, and the large live animal collection. Today, the Museum houses over 50 species of insects, reptiles, amphibians, and mammals. Thousands of people visit the Museum every year where dozens of high school students provide tours and animal education.
I'm more impressed by walking into a house filled with hard earned diy public land heads. I've met a few of these collectors and most wouldn't cross the street without a guide or cutting a cheque.
I guess that's the subjective nature of the definition of a trophy though.


text:
Kevin L. Smith
University Libraries - University Libraries
klsmith12@ku.edu
Watson Library
1425 Jayhawk Boulevard
Kevin Smith became the Dean of Libraries at the University of Kansas in May 2016, after 10 years as Director of Copyright and Scholarly Communications at the Duke University Libraries. As both a librarian and a lawyer specializing in intellectual property issues, Smith's role at Duke was to advise faculty, staff, and students about the impact of copyright, licensing, and the changing nature of scholarly publishing on higher education. Prior to that, Smith was director of the Pilgrim Library at Defiance College in Ohio, where he also taught constitutional law. His teaching experience is various, having taught courses in theology, law, and library science. Smith is the author of numerous articles on the impact of copyright law and the internet on scholarly research as well as libraries' role in the academy. He has been a highly regarded blogger on these issues for many years, and in 2013 published Owning and Using Scholarship: An IP Handbook for Teachers and Researchers with the Association of College and Research Libraries.
Smith holds a B.A. from Hamilton College in Clinton, N.Y., an M.A. from Yale Divinity School, an M.L.S. from Kent State University, and a J.D. from Capital University. He did doctoral work in theology and literature at the University of Chicago.
Smith has been admitted to the bar in Ohio and North Carolina.
(2017). Open Access and the Future of Academic Libraries: Implementation (K. Smith & K. Dickson, Eds.; Vol. 10) [Books]. Rowman Littlefield.
(2016). Open Access and the Future of Academic Libraries: Policy and Infrastructure (K. Smith & K. Dickson, Eds.; Vol. 9) [Books]. Rowman Littlefield.
Smith, K. L. (2015). Figuring on Fair Use [Journal Articles]. Learned Publishing, 28(3), 225–227.
Smith, K. (2015). Preface: The Value of Telling the Future [Book Chapters]. In B. L. Eden (Ed.), Leading the 21st Century Academic Library: Vol. vii (Issue xx). Rowman Littlefield.
Smith, K. L., & Mangiafico, P. (2014). Reason, Risk and Reward: Models for Libraries and Other Stakeholders in an Evolving Scholarly Publishing Ecosystem [Journal Articles]. Cultural Anthropology, 29(2). http://production.culanth.org/articles/735-reason-risk-and-reward-models-for-libraries-and
Smith, K. (2014). Owning and Using Scholarship: an Intellectual Property Handbook for Scholars [Books]. Association of College and Research Libraries.
Smith, K. L. (2014). The Georgia State University Copyright Lawsuit [Encyclopedia/Dictionary Entries]. In Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science (Issue 3rd). Taylor and Francis.
Smith, K. L., & Fowler, L. (2013). Drawing the Blueprint as We Build: Setting up a Library-based Copyright & Permissions Service for MOOCs [Periodicals (newsletter, magazine, etc.)]. In D-Lib Magazine (Vol. 19, Issues 7–8).
Smith, K. L., & Davis, S. (2013). Copyright in a Digital Age: Conflict, Risk, and Reward [Journal Articles]. The Serials Librarian, 64(1–4), 57–66.
Smith, K. L. (2013). At the Berlin 10 Conference, the key word was confidence: Highlights of the meeting [Periodicals (newsletter, magazine, etc.)]. In College and Research Library News (Vol. 74, Issue 2, pp. 74–76).
Smith, K. L. (2012). Why Open Access: the Policy Environment and Process on One University Campus [Journal Articles]. Insights: The UKSG Journal, 25(3), 246–250.
Smith, K. L. (2012). Copyright Risk Management: Principles and Strategies for Large-scale Digitization Projects in Special Collections [Journal Articles]. Research Library Issues, 279, 17–23.
Smith, K. L., Butler, B., Crews, K., & Furillo, D. (2011). White Paper: US Law and International Interlibrary Loan [Journal Articles]. Research Library Issues, 275, 15–18.
Smith, K. L. (2011). What's at stake in the Georgia State lawsuit? [Journal Articles]. Chronicle of Higher Education. Published. http://chronicle.com/article/Whats-at-Stake-in-the-Georgia/127718/
Smith, K. L. (2010). Copyright Renewal for Libraries: Seven steps toward a user-friendly law [Journal Articles]. Libraries and the Academy Portal, 10(1), 5–27.
Smith, K. (6/30/2016). Keynote presentation Past and Present of Copyright Law. Kraemer Copyright Conference, University of Colorado. Colorado Springs
Smith, K. (11/30/2015). Does Copyright Still Matter for Academic Authors?. Scholarly Communications Colloquium, American University. Washington, DC
Smith, K. (11/30/2015). Legal Issues for Librarians. Charleston Conference
Smith, K., & Bernard, J. (6/30/2015). Copyright Update. "Lawyers New to Higher Education" workshop, annual conference of the National Association of College and University Attorneys
Smith, K. (6/30/2015). Fair Use, E-Reserves and the Georgia State Case. For Ivies' Plus Access Services group, Yale University
Smith, K. (5/31/2015). Copyright, Open Access and the Public Domain. Keynote presentation, University of North Texas annual open access conference
Smith, K., & Macklin, L. (6/24/2014). Educational Fair Use: What's Next?. Presentation at annual conference of the National Association of College and University Attorneys, Denver
Smith, K. (6/17/2014). Yours, Mine or Ours?: Intellectual Property in a Digital Age. Featured speaker at UB Tech conference, Las Vegas
Smith, K. (5/23/2014). Open Access: Latin American and North American Perspectives. Panel presentation at Latin American Studies Association annual conference
Smith, K. (4/3/2014). What is the Role of Copyright in Academia?. Opening address for symposium at Drexel University
Smith, K. (11/11/2013). What a Difference a MOOC Makes: Copyright Management and Library Services. Electronic Information for Libraries, General Assembly, Istanbul
Smith, K. (10/24/2013). Copyright from the Outside In. University of Rochester
Smith, K. (8/12/2013 - 8/13/2013). Copyright from the Outside In. University of Western Washington
Smith, K. (4/30/2013). Risk and Reward: Libraries at the Intersection of Copyright and Online Scholarship. Boston Library Consortium Networking Day
Smith, K. (3/31/2013). Copyright and Publishing in the Digital Humanities. Symposium on Digital Humanities held at Austin College. Sherman, TX
Smith, K. (6/30/2012). Copyright in a Digital Age: Conflict, Risk and Reward. "Vision" speaker at the annual conference of the North American Serials Interest Group (NASIG)
Smith, K. (3/31/2012). The Heart of the Deal: The Promise of Google, the Reality of Copyright. University of Georgia
Smith, K. (11/30/2011). Why is Access to Old Books Suddenly So Controversial?. Panel at Georgetown University Library
Smith, K. (10/31/2011). Legal Issues for Open Access. Berlin 8 Conference on Open Access. Beijing, China
Smith, K. (10/31/2011). Schopenhauer to Schwarzenegger: the Impact of Copyright on Art and Scholarship in the Digital Age. Couper/Phi Beta Kappa Library Lecture, Hamilton College


On 16 January 1941, a detachment of three Sunderlands from No. 210 Squadron at Pembroke Dock became No.95 Squadron which flew its first boat out to Gibraltar early in February. After flying patrols, the Squadron began to arrive at its base at Freetown, Sierra Leone, on 17 March to begin anti-submarine patrols over the South Atlantic. This one is in a camouflage scheme not normally applied to Coastal Command aircraft, though, so it's a bit unusual.
Aboukir, Egypt, July 1940. Retained overall Aluminium finish, not Sky Grey. Codes in Medium Sea Grey.
Mediterranean, may 1940. Battle of Crete. In 1941 this unit operated from Alexandria, Egypt.
Prior to delivery to 204 Sqn RAF during 1940-1941.
28.7.1940: dogfight with two CR.42 near Malta.
28.3.1941: NM-V captained by F/Lt A.M.G.Lywood, reported Italian fleet movements leading to the Battle of Cape Matapan.
16.4.1941: evacuation of 'very important persons' including King Peter of Yugoslavia.
May 1941: evacuation of British and Greek troops from Crete.
1.1.1943: aircraft failed to return from anti-submarine mission, crew of F/O H.Holcombe was missing.
This aircraft was the first of all Sunderlands which claimed the aerial victory. Ju.88A of KG 30 piloted by Staffelkapitan of 5.Staffel Oblt.Karl Overweg was shot down. Coded KG-F this Sunderland burned on morning 11th December 1940 in Sullon Voe.
Circa 1942. It remained with this unit until being struck off charge on 4th February 1944.
This plane equipped with ASV radar - this aircraft was the first one built by Blackburn Aircraft Co at Dumbarton.
According this source: Code: WH-G. Sullom Voe, Spring 1944.


R16//La Broquerie/IF IT'S PRIVACY, CLOSE TO STEINBACH,AND HARDLY ANY GRAVEL ON 10 ACRES THAT YOU WANT.....THEN THIS IS THE PLACE FOR YOU. Built in 1994 and features three bedrooms, master bedroom with 3 pc ensuite and two additional bedrooms, Kitchen, dining room and a generously sized living room, a four pc bath, all on the main floor. There is also a seasonal sun room just off the dining room overlooking this tranquil back yard and watch the Deer play. Full basement that has a finished rec room area and the rest is ready for your own future ideas and finishing. Windows are triple pane glass, Central air conditioning. Very roomy 26x24 double attached garage. New shingles 6 years ago, New septic field done in 2017. The winding driveway allows for nice privacy as it opens up to a well cared for yard that's second to none. They don't make any more land so this is a well sought after property on 10 acres just minutes from Steinbach and only about 1/4 mile of gravel to travel. Call today for your own private showing.


Looking for solutions? Need a sounding board?
I am pleased to meet with you on a no-obligation basis to gain a clear understanding of your organization's unique needs.
I invite you to contact me by phone or email to schedule a conversation.


Gordie Howe, aka Mr. Hockey, had a serious stroke on the weekend and is believed to be in failing health. Howe was stricken in Lubbock, Texas, at the home of his daughter, Cathy. Other family members spent Tuesday en route to Lubbock. Helene St. James of the Detroit Free Press has more right here.
The Moose Jaw Warriors had many people, including players, from their organization take part in a three-hour safeTALK presentation with Donna Boyer of the Canadian Mental Health Associated last week.
Katie Brickman of the Moose Jaw Times-Herald sat through it and writes right here about what she heard and saw. This is important stuff.
It's doubtful that any WHL team is delving as deeply into analytics — aka fancy stats — as the Saskatoon Blades. The Blades have hired Bruce Peter as their director of analytics. Daniel Nugent-Bowman takes a look right here at what Peter does and how the Blades are making use of his work.
A shoulder problem has brought a premature end to the career of Lethbridge Hurricanes F Steven Alldridge. An 18-year-old native of Inuvik, N.W.T., Alldridge announced his retirement on Tuesday. . . . The Hurricanes acquired Alldridge, F Shane McColgan, then 20, and a second-round pick in the 2014 bantam draft from the Portland Winterhawks for G Corbin Boes, also 20, on Jan. 9. Alldridge, a Portland list player, was pointless in 24 games with the Winterhawks and 15 with the Hurricanes. He never did get into a game this season after undergoing surgery in late April.
F Dalton Sward, 20, won't play tonight as the Vancouver Giants play host to the Brandon Wheat Kings. He suffered an undisclosed injury during a Saturday game with the host Victoria Royals. . . . The Giants also will be missing F Tyler Benson and F Ryely McKinstry, both of whom leave today for the U-17 World Hockey Challenge in the Sarnia, Ont., area. . . . That will allow F Brendan Semchuk to make his WHL debut. Semchuk, from Kamloops, was the 10th overall pick in the 2014 bantam draft. Semchuk is playing at the Okanagan Hockey Academy in Penticton, B.C. . . . Steve Ewen of the Vancouver Province has more on the Giants right here.
In Victoria, D Ryan Pilon broke a 2-2 tie at 11:34 of the third period to lift the Brandon Wheat Kings to a 3-2 victory over the Royals. . . . Pilon has three goals this season. . . . The Wheat Kings, who play the Giants in Vancouver tonight, are 3-1-0 on a seven-game road trip. . . . Victoria F Axel Blomqvist had tied the game 2-2 at 16:55 of the second period with his fifth goal. . . . Czech F Richard Nejezchleb, playing in his first game of the season for Brandon, scored a PP goal in the first period. . . . Nejezchleb returned from the AHL's Hartford Wolf Pack and had to serve a two-game suspension left over from last spring's playoffs. Nejezchleb, 20, led the Wheat Kings with 32 goals last season, but his presence gives Brandon three imports. Either he, Latvian Rihards Bukharts, the team's leading scorer who didn't play last night, or freshman Russian D Ivan Provorov will be traded or released over the next few days. . . . Provorov, 17, had two assists last night. . . . Rob Henderson of the Brandon Sun has a game story right here. . . .
In Saskatoon, G Nik Amundrud made 30 saves to help the Blades to a 5-2 victory over the Moose Jaw Warriors. . . . F Ryan Graham led the Blades with a goal, his second, and two assists. . . . F Brayden Point scored twice for the Warriors, giving him eight on the season. . . . Saskatoon was 2-for-6 on the PP. . . . Saskatoon had F Nick Zajac back after he missed four games with a shoulder injury. . . . The Warriors, who were playing their fourth game in five nights, now have lost four in a row. They have scored five goals over their last five games. . . . Daniel Nugent-Bowman of the Saskatoon StarPhoenix has a gamer right here. . . .
In Red Deer, the Rebels scored the game's last three goals and beat the Medicine Hat Tigers, 5-3. . . . Rebels F Grayson Pawlenchuk tied the game 3-3 at 18:01 of the second period, with his fifth goal, and D Devan Fafard broke the tie, with his second, at 6:45 of the third. . . . Red Deer F Wyatt Johnson added insurance with his seventh goal. He's on a three-game goal streak. . . . F Trevor Cox drew three assists for the Tigers (11-2-1), while F Cole Sanford scored his ninth goal. . . . Medicine Hat F Chad Butcher picked up an assist as he ran his point streak to 10 games, the longest in the league this season. . . . Besides losing the game, the Tigers lost a tire. Here's a late-night tweet from Bob Ridley, the bus-driving radio man: "On way home. May take a few hrs longer. Flat tire on Q.E . 2 at Olds turnoff. Waiting for help." . . .
In Cranbrook, G Nick McBride posted his first WHL shutout to lead the Prince Albert Raiders to a 5-0 victory over the Kootenay Ice. . . . McBride stopped 29 shots. . . . The Ice has been blanked three times this season and has scored only five goals in five home games. . . . D Josh Morrissey had a goal, his third, and two assists for the Raiders, while F Craig Leverton and F Jayden Hart each scored his sixth goal. . . . Hart, who had one goal in his first seven games, is riding a five-game goal streak. . . . Ice G Wyatt Hoflin stopped 41 shots. . . . At 3-12-0, the Ice is off to its worst start in franchise history. . . . The Ice, already without F Tim Bozon and F Jon Martin with undisclosed injuries, has lost D Tyler King for up to three weeks with an undisclosed injury. . . . Taylor Rocca of the Cranbrook Daily Townsman has a gamer right here.
Bruce Luebke, the veteran radio voice of the Brandon Wheat Kings, reported Tuesday that freshman D Ivan Provorov will play for the Russian side during the Subway Super Series. The Russians will play a WHL team on Nov. 10 in Saskatoon and Nov. 11 in Brandon. . . .
Regan Bartel, who calls the play of Kelowna Rockets' games, tweeted Tuesday that G Jake Morrissey "was hurt in practice" and that they "have brought in" Michael Herringer, 18, to back up Jackson Whistle. . . . Herringer was traded by the Victoria Royals to the Saskatoon Blades on Sept. 17. However, the Blades later dropped Herringer from their list when they acquired G Nik Amundrud, 17, from the Everett Silvertips.
Elliotte Friedman leads off with something about the Toronto Maple Leafs in his latest edition of 30 Thoughts. . . . It's right here.
My dad introduced me to Mr. Howe years agoDad: This is my son Scott. Robbie's brother.Gordie: This one grow up closer to the fridge, Bob?


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Scott Peterson gets new life sentence in wife's murder after years on death row
Ryan W. Miller
Scott Peterson, the man convicted in the 2002 killing of his wife and unborn child, was resentenced to life in prison without parole Wednesday after spending more than a decade on death row.
Peterson's resentencing came after California's Supreme Court last year overturned his death sentence for the improper screening of jurors for bias and later said a lower court should determine whether he gets a new trial. The court, however, did not overturn his conviction and said considerable circumstantial evidence incriminated Peterson.
Pat Harris, one of Peterson's defense attorneys, said his client had wanted to speak at the hearing Wednesday, but Superior Court Judge Anne-Christine Massullo did not allow for an allocution, given that the sentence was preordained, she said.
Peterson was convicted of first-degree murder in his wife Laci Peterson's death and second-degree murder in the death of their unborn son, who was to be named Connor.
The high-profile case gripped the nation as prosecutors said Peterson dumped the bodies off a boat on Christmas Eve 2002, and the remains later washed ashore in April 2003 from the San Francisco Bay.
At the sentencing hearing, Laci Peterson's mother and siblings spoke about the grief they had felt without her over the past 19 years and never getting to see Connor born and grow up.
"Your evil, self-centered, unforgiveable, selfish act ended two beautiful souls.
And for what reason? There was no reason other than you just didn't want them anymore," Laci Peterson's mother, Sharon Rocha, said during the hearing.
Massullo plans to hold a hearing next year to consider whether juror misconduct prejudiced Peterson and if there should be a new trial.
Harris argued Wednesday that certain mitigating factors supported Peterson's innocence and that claims Peterson has shown no remorse are unfair given that he maintains his innocence.
Death penalty overturned:California high court overturns death penalty for Scott Peterson in slaying of pregnant wife
The search for Laci Peterson drew thousands of public tips as investigators hunted for clues about what led to her disappearance. Scott Peterson was ultimately arrested after a massage therapist told investigators they began dating a month before Laci Peterson's death and that Scott Peterson told her his wife was dead.
At the sentencing hearing, prosecutors said Peterson lied to multiple people in the weeks leading up to and after Laci Peterson's death. His defense attorney said the comments were "blown out of context."
Last year, state Supreme Court justices said the trial judge "made a series of clear and significant errors in jury selection that, under long-standing United States Supreme Court precedent, undermined Peterson's right to an impartial jury at the penalty phase."
A closer look:Scott Peterson's murder convictions of wife and unborn son to be reexamined
Some jurors were improperly dismissed after saying they personally disagreed with the death penalty but could impose it in following the law, the justices ruled.
However, in considering whether Peterson should get a new trial, the judge will look at whether a juror's false answers during the selection process prejudiced Peterson. His defense says she sought to join the jury.
The juror did not disclose that she had been beaten by a boyfriend while pregnant and sought a restraining order against a boyfriend's ex-girlfriend, in which she said she feared for her unborn child.
Harris said that if a new trial were to occur, his defense would present evidence suggesting Laci Peterson's death may have been tied to a nearby burglary that took place on the same day. However, investigators previously ruled out the burglars as suspects.


If it's been a while since you've seen a doctor for a routine checkup, you could be missing a huge opportunity to have a meaningful conversation about your overall health. These days, we are all about empowerment, and we can include our health as a prime aspect of standing in our own power. We are pleased to office family medicine services in our Houston office. Here, we offer a few suggestions on making the most of the visits you do have with your primary care physician.
First and foremost, you make the most of your routine physicals by having the right perspective. Health exams are not something to cross off your to-do list, they provide a time during which you can gain valuable information about your health. The results of lab tests, for example, can indicate the early stages of a chronic health condition such as diabetes, which in turn allows you more time to manage your health without medical intervention than if you waiting to see the doctor until symptoms developed.
If you can, get clear on your medical history. The more you know about your family medical history, the better. Some health conditions can run through a family line. To gain clear insights on your personal risks for conditions such as heart disease and various types of cancer, talk with family members before seeing your doctor. Then, discuss your family history with your doctor so proper screenings can be arranged at the right times.
Be open and honest about your lifestyle. Your doctor needs to know what you're up to. Because your primary care provider will know intimate details of your life, it is vital that you choose a doctor you are comfortable discussing topics like alcohol and drug use with. Openness between doctor and patient paves the way to workable strategies to prevent unnecessary health concerns.
Learn more about the family medicine services available at River Oaks Gynecology and Aesthetics. Contact our office at 713.955.6560 to schedule a convenient time to visit one of our experienced physicians.


Eibach Pro-Kit Lowering Springs Kit. Ford Mondeo III Saloon (B4Y), Mondeo III (B5Y). For detail vehicle specification see the corresponding table below. 4 springs for front and rear axles. The product images shown are for illustration purposes only and may not be an exact representation of the product.
Slide the table for more details. 10.2000 - 03.2007.
06.2003 - 03.2007. 09.2004 - 03.2007. 2.0 16V DI / TDDi / TDCi.
2.0 16V TDDi / TDCi. 10.2001 - 03.2007. Additional information for Mondeo III Saloon (B4Y), Mondeo III (B5Y).
Pro-Kit lowers your car´s center of gravity, reducing squat during acceleration, body roll in corners and excessive nose-dive under braking. When combined with Plus-1 or Plus-2 wheels and tires, the Eibach Pro-Kit is the finishing touch to a winning recipe for performance. Pro-Kit also reduces excessive fender-well clearance, making your car look just as hot as it performs. By using our proprietary, progressive spring design, Pro-Kit provides the ultimate balance to take your passion for driving to a whole new level. Product is unused, original and fully worthwhile.
Picture for illustration purposes only - actual kit may differ from shown. Feel free to ask us. You can send a message. We offer you our 10 years of experience and 24h customer service. We have been trading in the Motorsport industry since 2006. Rallyshop supplies racewear, parts and accessories to motorsport competitors, teams, enthusiasts and spectators in the whole world.


The pie charts below show the results of a customer satisfaction survey comparing the performance of York Telecom and a competitor in April.
The pie charts depict the results of a customer satisfaction survey for two telecom companies in April as compared to an industry average benchmark.
Overall, while customers of York Telecom reported satisfaction beyond the industry average, their competitor had clients who were more dissatisfied with their telecom company than the average telecom's customer.
According to the industry average, around two thirds of the telecom industry's customers were reportedly either satisfied or more with their level of service. Those with no opinion accounted for 10%, whereas dissatisfied people made up exactly a quarter of all those surveyed.
In April, York Telecom clearly was doing something right. Customers reported as being satisfied or above comprised 4 out of 5 of all customers, while only 4% were recorded as unhappy with their service. In stark contrast, York's competitor's results were more diverse with over a third of people happy with their service, and an equal number of customers unhappy with the company. A quarter of those surveyed were neither satisfied nor unsatisfied with the competitor's performance in line with the industry benchmark.
Customers at York Telecom were overwhelmingly supportive of the company compared to the industry benchmark, whereas those of the competitor showed levels of satisfaction beneath the industry average.
Despite not knowing the year surveyed, past tense should be used.
The overall trend is that York Telecom appears to be performing above industry expectations. Then give further details to support this trend.
"Stark" means severe in nature (complete). York's competitor had a greater range of opinions associated with it. The subsequent details mentioned show this diversity, while the quarter who have no opinion match the industry standard.
This paragraph gives a lot of comparisons, trends, and is easy to follow.
The pie chart depict the result of a customer satisfy survey for two telecom company in April as compared to industry average benchmark.
Overall, while customer of York Telecom report satisfy beyond the industry average, their competitor had client who were more dissatisfaction with they telecom company than average telecom customers.
According the industry average, around two third of the telecom industry's customers were reported either satisfied or more with they level of service. Those with no opinion accounted 10%, whereas dissatisfied people made exactly a quarter of all those surveyed.
In April, York Telecom was clearly doing something right. Customers report as being satisfied or above comprised up 4 out of 5 of all customer, while only 4% were recorded as unhappy with they service. In stark contrast, York's competitor's results were more diverse with over a third people happy with their service, and equal number of customers unhappy with company. A quarter those surveyed were neither satisfied nor unsatisfied with the competitor's performance in line with the industry benchmark.
Overall, while customers of York Telecom reported satisfaction beyond the industry average, their competitor had clients who were more dissatisfied with their telecom company than the average telecom customer.
In April, York Telecom was clearly doing something right. Customers reported as being satisfied or above comprised 4 out of 5 of all customers, while only 4% were recorded as unhappy with their service. In stark contrast, York's competitor's results were more diverse with over a third of people happy with their service, and an equal number of customers unhappy with the company. A quarter of those surveyed were neither satisfied nor unsatisfied with the competitor's performance in line with the industry benchmark.
Since you need to compare the data, which pie chart would you compare against? If we use the industry standard for this, what are the largest/smallest segments? How can this data be grouped together for ease of description?
Look at the pie charts for York Telecom and their competitor. What are the largest/smallest segments for York Telecom? How do they compare against the Industry average? How about York's competitor's survey results? Consider grouping satisfied and very satisfied customers together to make one statistic and dissatisfied and very dissatisfied to make another.


Last Thursday saw Harrison, Clark & Rickerbys deliver a Law workshop for students in Yr 11 and 12. Students spent time in the morning with 5 trainee solicitors, learning about various aspects of the law including employment law, property law and family law. In the afternoon students then prepared and conducted a mock trial featuring 5 witnesses and presided over by a judge. All students who participated learnt a great deal about Law as a career option. Many thanks to HCR for delivering such an informative and interactive day.


Environmentalism as a new religion?
I drafted this post a couple of weeks ago and have been sitting on whether to post it or not, but I decided to go for it… let's raise the debate, what's the worst that could happen?
Basically, I was watching The Big Questions (a beeb Sunday morning debate programme) and one of the questions posed was "is environmentalism the new religion?". Triggered by the ongoing protest by thousands of school children the debate was interesting and nuanced and got me thinking very much about environmentalism (or at least environmental consideration) as a way of life.
I am not an expert in religious matters but worship of mother earth is a feature of many (primarily past) religions. Various pagan religions include elements of polytheism, related to the planet and natural processes. And I could certainly write pages and pages about this, the different concepts and ideologies are fascinating and I definitely think some of them are on to something… if I was religiously inclined it's fair to say I would most definitely be among the heathens.
Perhaps we should all be embracing environmentalism not as something extreme, perpetuated by hippies, but as simply a way of life. One of the school children on the programme made a very valid point, I'm paraphrasing here, but essentially – we are all on this earth and that makes environmental issues everyone's problem.
Simple fact is, we are all riding this rock around the sun, and short of inventing warp drive or growing tatties on mars in your own poo, it's the only planet we have. Therefore we all need to take a little responsibility over our individual actions. I'm not suggesting that everyone should become a die-hard, hemp wearing, vegan… but we can all do our little bit to help.
Diet is one of the hot topics of the moment, and whilst vegan is undoubtedly good for your carbon footprint, it might not actually overall be the best thing for sustainability or indeed health-wise. Not to mention the loss of culture and conservation associated with the rearing of animals for meat and dairy. And sometimes swapping one thing for another merely shifts the problem elsewhere.
What we need is informed and educational news and information on how exactly we as individuals, ought to go about living in a way that ensures a sustainable future for the planet, and big business and policy makers need to buy-in too. Is this an enormous challenge? Certainly. Is it too great? Absolutely not!
I have talked about this before and it is undoubtedly one of the failings of the more extreme of the environmental campaigners, is the constant message of doom and gloom a turn off? We can do all the meaningful science and models until we are blue in the face, but if we can't communicate them effectively are we actually achieving anything?
Perhaps we all need to make trade-offs, compromises of sorts, like fancy a steak? Crack on but make sure it's responsibly sourced and eat veggie for a few days. Need to take a flight? Carbon offset. Short on time and have to eat that pre-packed ready meal? Reuse or rinse and recycle the packet. Fact is, if we all did a little bit, all of those individual actions add up to big changes.
There's also a great deal of debate around whether the students should have been allowed to protest in school time. Not only did one of the kids on the programme make a brilliant point – that if they had done it at the weekend, nobody would have really taken notice – but the right to exercise peaceful protest is in itself a valuable learning experience.
Education is more than the classroom and to see young people engaged in such debate is quite frankly awesome. Not only are they exercising their right to peaceful protest, they are learning about the real world, politics and society. And I for one think that's great!
Yes! Environmentalism is definitely a religion, just like consumerism is. Any time that one can manipulate the masses to unquestionably follow a particular dogma without consideration it is religion. It can also be defined as the profit of paranoia. It has worked for various church faiths around the world since history has been recorded. It has worked for various dictators, kings and queens. A few contemporary names are Adolph Hitler, Ralph Nader, Al Gore, Donald Trump and the media in all forms. Whenever you can scare the hell out of folks, you can achieve power and wealth whether your claims are truthful or not. It is still working for the Catholic church which has millions embracing medieval dogmas without question. How many millions have died at the imposition of Christian peace and love? Keep them frightened, you can steer them wherever you want.
We humans, which I believe are the only non-indigenous organism on the planet, can be easily persuaded away from thinking for ourselves and from looking at the whole picture, and all the available evidence. There are cosmic trends over which we have absolutely no control. Through our gross and mindless ways we are enhancing global climatic cycles. We may well not survive our dire arrogance and foolishness but the planet will, just as any host, develop an effective defensive response to an infection. It will survive and thrive much better without us. We have the intellect and the means to fit in, but our self-destructive ways seem firmly embedded in our collective psyche. Let's be honest, saving the planet is really about saving ourselves. And remember that even a million years, is just a blink within the planet's history. We must put things in perspective.
We should never confuse education with schooling nor should we misunderstand religion with spirituality.
Education and religion are for those who do not want to think for themselves. Schooling and spirituality involve individuals who refuse to conform without first examining issues from all facets and forming their owned fully informed theories and opinions. One of the first clues of wrongness within any dogma or any religion is a claim of absolute truth. When you hear that claim, run like hell!
Very well put. We are all on this earth and therefore it is everyone's problem. There are so many different pieces to this puzzle and every little does help.


One tool of particular interest is the Strongs Search Tool. Use the Bible Word Search Tool or Passage Lookup Tool to get strongs numbers. Then use the Strong's reference number from the passage to look up the word in the orginal language (Hebrew or Greek.) The tool asks you to specify Hebrew or Greek. In general, if the reference number comes from an Old Testament passage, select Hebrew and if it comes from a New Testament verse, select Hebrew.


He is God! O peerless Lord!
Glory be unto Thee, O my God!
Omy Lord! O my Lord! These two bright orbs are wedded in Thy love, conjoined in servitude to Thy Holy Threshold, united in ministering to thy Cause. Make Thou this marriage to be as threading lights of Thine abounding grace, O my Lord, the All-Merciful, and luminous rays of Thy bestowals, O Thou the Beneficent, the Ever-Giving, that there may branch out from this great tree boughs that will grow green and flourishing through the gifts that rain down from Thy clouds of grace.


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Strategic Review of African Aquaculture Feeds
Nutrition Sustainability Economics Politics
by Lucy Towers
3 March 2014, at 12:00am
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) aquaculture production needs to grow by 270 per cent to satiate fish demand. In order to meet this demand, many factors have to be considered. This paper, written by Lee Cocker and commissioned by NEPAD through the University of Stirling, UK, will consider the feed aspect and its role in SSA aquaculture in order for it to realise adequate aquaculture production levels and subsequent volumes of quality fish for consumers.
By 2050 the world's population will reach over 9 billion. Considering the majority of African countries are LDCs there will need to be massive amounts of expansion, intensification and investment to enable the necessary rise in food production. Global aquaculture production has grown over the past decade with production now at 55 million MT in 2009 - current African production is less than 1% of the world's total. The African continent acknowledges the importance and potential of aquaculture in terms of poverty alleviation, food security and as a means of reducing the current volumes of imported fish supplying domestic appetite as huge numbers of sub- Saharan Africans depend on fish as a dietary protein source.
Feeding aquatic organisms is significantly different from feeding terrestrial livestock, not only due to the nature the stock but also the production environment. The estimated global production of commercial aquafeeds in 2008 was 29.3 million MT, some 4% of the total global animal feed production of over 708 million MT in 2009. The choice of feeding method in aquaculture is based upon a variety of factors and a variety of objectives. It is generally accepted that feed costs account for the highest single production cost in aquaculture grow-out production systems. Typically, in intensive production systems, feed accounts for between 60-80% of operational costs, in semi-intensive systems, feed and fertiliser use represents between 30-60% of the total cost of production.
Commercial aquafeeds utilise a mixture of feedstuffs that are formulated to produce a balanced diet. The choice of ingredients depends on nutrient requirements, cost, availability and processing characteristics. The global aquafeed industry is reliant on common ingredients for which it competes with terrestrial livestock production as well as food for human consumption. Many of the key ingredients used in aquafeeds are internationally traded commodities and as such subject to global market volatility. R&D is ongoing to reduce overall costs of aquafeeds by reducing volumes of expensive often imported raw ingredients and the utilisation of locally sourced raw ingredients which do not compete with and jeopardise SSAs human food demands and food security.
Aqua-farmers use 'on-farm' produced feeds – which is not without its pitfalls and/or commercial aquafeeds. At a certain level of aqua-production it becomes more economical to purchase commercial feeds. Extrusion technology is favoured by today's aquafeed industry as it is capable of producing low density floating feeds and farmers find its higher quality results in lower FCRs and ultimately healthier profit margins. Importation of aquafeeds into SSA is an expensive means of feeding the growing industry but establishing commercial feed mills requires capital and a complex process of analysis, budgeting, planning and project management. Add to this the fact that the feed industry value chain comprises of inbound, in-house and outbound logistics which are all influenced by externalities, such as distribution, storage facilities, energy supplies and the quality control of raw ingredients - unfortunately all these areas and issues are currently found wanting in SSA.
You can view the full report by clicking here.
Lucy Towers
Nutrition: The first life stages are essential for future growth and performance
For over 30 years INVE has been enabling growth in aquaculture, via the healthy growth of fish and shrimp, the growth of our clients' local businesses and the growth of global aquaculture.
Scots sites top Mowi profits in Q2
The world's largest salmon farming firm has reported that Scotland was its most profitable salmon farming location in the second quarter, with 16,000 tonnes harvested at an EBIT of €2.90 per kilo.
Scallop producer lands sustainabilty boost
Acuapesca Group, one of the world's largest scallop farmers, has earned recertification for sustainable seafood production by Friend of the Sea.
Women in aquaculture: Professor Selina Stead
Professor Selina Stead, who was appointed director of Stirling's Institute of Aquaculture at the beginning of March, discusses why it's a great time to be involved in aquaculture – regardless of your …
The tilapia project that aims to help revive Haiti
A new project that aims to improve tilapia production in Haiti has been launched by IDH and Taino Aqua Ferme, the nation's largest aquaculture operator, today.
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Tag Archives: Robert D. Kaplan
My top 20 nonfiction picks
For nearly three-and-a-half years now, I've been posting book reviews in this blog, typically twice a week. For my own benefit as well as yours, I like to look back every so often at the books I've read and think about what I've learned from them. What follows below is a list of the 20 nonfiction books (out of more than 100 I read) that have added the most to my understanding of the world. They're arranged in no particular order: I can't imagine trying to pick the best of this lot!
Going Clear: Scientology, Hollywood, and the Prison of Belief, by Lawrence Wright
The definitive study of the belief system known as Scientology, with an emphasis on its human rights violations and the Hollywood celebrities it has gathered into its "prison of belief."
Mary's Mosaic: The CIA Conspiracy to Murder John F. Kennedy, Mary Pinchot Meyer, and Their Vision for World Peace, by Peter Janney
Revelations galore from newly unearthed evidence about the assassination of John F. Kennedy and his last years in the White House.
The Swerve: How the World Became Modern, by Stephen Greenblatt
The seminal role of a long-forgotten ancient Greek poet and philosopher on the thinking of the geniuses who shaped the Renaissance and on the course of history that followed.
The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate, by Robert D. Kaplan
Recent history and current events through the distorting lens of geopolitics, which views Planet Earth, and the machinations and foibles of earthly leaders, from a very different perspective than is found in most history books.
Freedom's Forge: How American Business Produced Victory in World War II, by Arthur Herman
The astonishing story of America's rearmament in World War II, with a focus on the two larger-than-life personalities who made it happen through sheer force of will: William Knudsen and Henry J. Kaiser.
Double Cross: The True Story of the D-Day Spies, by Ben McIntyre
The stranger-than-fiction story of the British double agents whose brilliant work in Europe played a pivotal role in the success of the Normandy Invasion.
The Power of Unreasonable People: How Social Entrepreneurs Create Markets That Change the World, by John Elkington and Pamela Hartigan
A comprehensive and well-informed view of the world of social enterprise and the extraordinary individuals who stand out in a field that attracts brilliant and inspired people by the carload.
The Self-Made Myth, and the Truth About How Government Helps Individuals and Businesses Succeed, by Brian Miller and Mike Lapham
An in-depth refutation of the myth of rugged individualism, lionized by Ayn Rand's novels and enshrined in conservative and libertarian ideology for four decades.
The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness, by Michelle Alexander
How the War on Drugs, and the institutionalized racism that undergirds it, has weakened American society and fostered a new underclass dominated by young men of color.
Behind the Beautiful Forevers: Life, Death, and Hope in a Mumbai Undercity, by Katherine Boo
A first-hand account of three years in a slum neighborhood in one of the biggest cities in the world, focusing on the hopes and challenges of two local families.
Infinite Vision: How Aravind Became the World's Greatest Business Case for Compassion, by Pavithra Mehta and Suchitra Shenoy
A beautifully-written account of the history of a nonprofit South Indian eye hospital that has pioneered a revolutionary approach to eye-care which has brought relief to millions of poor people worldwide.
Steve Jobs, by Walter Isaacson
An unvarnished biography of the design and marketing genius who built Apple and gained a place in business history alongside Thomas Edison, Henry Ford, and Sam Walton.
Top Secret America: The Rise of the New American Security State, by Dana Priest and William M. Arkin
The troubling story of the institutionalization of a new military-intelligence complex triggered by 9/11 and accelerated by the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
In the Garden of Beasts: Love, Terror, and an American Family in Hitler's Berlin, by Erik Larson
The long-overlooked story of FDR's ambassador to Nazi Germany and his frustrated efforts to turn U.S. policy against Hitler in the face of horrific violence against Jews in Germany and anti-Semitism in the State Department.
The Emperor of All Maladies: A History of Cancer, by Siddhartha Mukherjee
An oncologist's critical study of the diseases lumped together under the label of cancer and of humanity's halting efforts to arrest and cure them.
Cleopatra: A Life, by Stacy Schiff
A fresh new take on one of history's most powerful and fascinating women, long caricatured in popular fiction and history books alike.
The Devil's Casino: Friendship, Betrayal, and the High Stakes Games Played Inside Lehman Brothers, by Vicky Ward
An illuminating tale of the people who set off the Great Recession, bringing to light the greed, self-delusion, and miscalculation that came so close to collapsing the world economy in 2008.
Cyber War: The Next Threat to National Security and What to Do About It, by Richard. A. Clarke and Robert K. Knake
A profoundly troubling look at the rapid rise of cyber warfare and the existential threat it poses to American civilization, written by the top counterterrorism official in both the Clinton and Bush Administrations.
The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, by Rebecca Skloot
Based on ten years of dogged research, a science journalist's deeply moving account of the African-American woman whose cancerous cells seeded six decades of medical discoveries.
Tagged as Aravind, Ayn Rand, Ben McIntyre, Bill Knudsen, cancer, CIA, cia conspiracy, Cleopatra, cyber warfare, D-Day, Dana Priest, Erik Larson, eye care, geopolitics, Henrietta Lacks, Henry J. Kaiser, hollywood celebrities, John Elkington, John F. Kennedy, Katherine Boo, Lawrence Wright, Lehman Brothers, libertarian ideology, mary pinchot meyer, mass incarceration, michelle alexander, military-intelligence complex, Mumbai, Nazi Germany, Pamela Hartigan, poverty, racism, Rebecca Skloot, Renaissance, Richard A. Clarke, Robert D. Kaplan, rugged individualism, scientology, Siddhartha Mukherjee, Stacy Schiff, Stephen Greenblatt, Steve Jobs, The Swerve, Vicky Ward, Walter Isaacson, War on Drugs, William S. Knudsen, World War II
A fresh and thought-provoking view of world politics and current events
A review of The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate, by Robert D. Kaplan
Geopolitics — the subject of this fascinating book — has literally been on my mind almost throughout my life.
I had recently turned three when the Allies invaded Normandy, beginning the long, last phase of World War II in Europe. I have no active memory of the invasion, but I've been told that I learned to read by studying the news about the event and its aftermath. My father read the newspaper at dinner, and I sat opposite him, leaning over the table so I could see the headlines — upside down — and ask him to tell me what the words meant. I loved the maps, too, those sketches of Europe and the Pacific with broad arrows pointing this way and that to indicate the movements of troops and ships at sea. Geography was long my favorite subject in school, and it's probably not a stretch to think that my life-long fascination with the world outside the USA began with that experience.
Through a geopolitical lens, Planet Earth, and the machinations and foibles of earthly leaders, look a lot different than they do in most history books. Stand a few feet away from a globe and squint: if the globe is properly positioned, what you'll see is one huge, three-tentacled landmass (Asia-Africa-Europe); a second, much smaller one that consists of two parts joined by a narrow connector (North and South America); and several even smaller bits of land scattered about on the periphery (Australia, Greenland, Japan, Indonesia). That's the world as the Joint Chiefs of Staff must view it. Has to view it.
Understanding the globe from that perspective, current events become a lot easier to understand. Take, for example, the object of American preoccupation today: the Middle East.
The true geopolitical center of the Earth lies in the Middle East, a region consisting essentially of three sections: the Iranian Plateau, running from present-day Iraq to Afghanistan and dominated by a resurgent Iran, the latest incarnation of the Persian Empire; the Anatolian landbridge (Turkey) that connects Asia and Europe, successor to the Eastern Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman Empires; and the oil- and natural-gas-rich Arabian Peninsula, unsteadily governed by the extended Saud family and a congeries of coastal emirates. Nestled between them and extending westward along the North African Maghreb is a long line of generally flat, low-lying states that are experiencing various degrees of instability, only a handful of which have a solid historical and demographic basis for nationhood (Tunisia, Egypt, Israel). Given the geography of this region, its perennial instability is no surprise. Constant turmoil is practically guaranteed, with the dominating Iranian and Turkish highlands above, and virtually flat, featureless plains below, divided among mostly weak states with arbitrary borders inherited from British and French colonial masters. As Kaplan notes, "the supreme fact of twenty-first -century world politics is that the most geographically central area of the dry-land earth is also the most unstable."
Of all the states in the Greater Middle East, the strongest of all, and most likely to dominate at some point in the decades ahead, is Iran, with a proud history ("Iran was the ancient world's first superpower."), a population of 75 million, a literacy rate of 80%, an industrial base, and an extensive network of universities. Iran is situated in an enviable position, straddling the region's two principal oil-production areas (the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf), not to mention its own abundant hydrocarbon reserves. Is it any wonder, then, why Iran captures headlines with such frequency?
In this fashion, geopolitics yields important insight about how the world works. To cite another example, Kaplan asks "Why is China ultimately more important than Brazil? Because of geographical location: even supposing the same level of economic growth as China and a population of equal size, Brazil does not command the main sea lines of communication connecting oceans and continents as China does; nor does it mainly lie in the temperate zone like China, with a more disease-free and invigorating climate. China fronts the Western Pacific and has depth on land reaching to oil- and natural-gas-rich Central Asia. Brazil offers less of a comparative advantage. It lies isolated in South America, geographically removed from other landmasses."
The Revenge of Geography is crammed with thought-provoking analysis — about the influence of geography on European history, about the role of megacities in our future, about changing demographic patterns, about the impact of latitude on the fate of nations. Oh, and do you remember Sacha Baron Cohen's satirical treatment of Kazakhstan? Kaplan informs us that "Kazakhstan is truly becoming an independent power in its own right" (and proves it). Who knew?
A word of warning, though: unless you're familiar with both world history and ancient history, you may find The Revenge of Geography to be tough sledding through the innumerable mentions of long-lost empires and forgotten kings. Kaplan grounds his analysis not just in geography but also in history, and his knowledge of both clearly runs deep.
Kaplan begins wrapping up his book with a troubling discussion about recent U.S. foreign and military policy: "while the United States was deeply focused on Afghanistan and other parts of the Greater Middle East, a massive state failure was developing right on America's southern border, with far more profound implications for the near and distant future of America, its society, and American power than anything occurring half a world away. What have we achieved in the Middle East with all of our interventions since the 1980s? . . . Why not fix Mexico instead?"
"America faces three primary geopolitical dilemmas," Kaplan concludes. "[A] chaotic Eurasian heartland in the Middle East, a rising and assertive Chinese superpower, and a state in deep trouble in Mexico. And the challenges we face with China and Mexico are most efficiently dealt with by wariness of further military involvement in the Middle East. This is the only way that American power can sustain itself for the decades to come."
Tagged as Afghanistan, Africa, asia africa europe, China, climate change, current-events, geography, geopolitics, global warming, Greater Middle East, History, libya, Mexico, middle-east, national security, Nonfiction, politics, Robert D. Kaplan