I hope that you have been having a good time with the game. I have found some things that need clarification in the rules. Many were pointed out by the numerous friends and play testers around the country. The most basic rule of the game is to have fun so I always advise that racers should apply what seems fairest or makes the most sense as far as physics goes? When in doubt, have one person named the game leader at the beginning of the game and they have final say for that game.
I will list some common questions I have received so far and their answers.
What about the Bumping Modifiers? Are they to be used for both racers involved or just the defender?
Both vehicles and drivers apply all modifiers to the bumping table. If both vehicles have some damage then it makes sense to apply that damage to the roll from both sides, right?
What about the set up you use at the conventions? If you randomly determine turn order, there will be a lot of collisions the first turn, right?
I've made the rule at conventions that no one can bump someone still on the starting line. It's a race and you have to start down the track. You can opt for whatever rules you want to use for your own house games.
What happens when a player's racer hits a canyon wall and he/she fails the PR check(s) (per pg. 12 – collisions), is it destroyed?
Roll 3 die-6 and apply the result on the bump table for each inch or partial inch on which they failed the PR checks. For instance, if a racer is destined to plow 4 inches through a cliff face and they only make the first two of four PR checks per the rules then they will roll twice on the bump table with 3 six sided dice, applying all existing damage modifiers to their roll. Remember to apply all damage to the vehicle and recalculate the modifiers from the first roll before rolling the second roll. This usually kills most vehicles but, anything is possible.
If the racer survives this then apply all damage from the rolls and continue racing.
What happens when any attribute reaches zero?
When any vehicle or pilot attribute reaches zero, that racer is out of the race, either dead or too damaged to continue.
Are the Future Race rules available for sale?
While the first and second versions of the rules are currently out of print, there is still some demand for another upgrade to the existing rules with more information on the variations developed as well as tips to develop Future Race to your own favorite racing genre.
Contact the author by email to get on the Future Race Games mailing list and you'll be notified when the new rules are available, sometime around January 2009!


AIADMK coordinator O Panneerselvam and co-coordinator E Palaniswami announced "removing" 44 functionaries from the party's primary membership.
Chennai: The ruling AIADMK today continued to crack the whip against supporters of rival leader TTV Dhinakaran post its RK Nagar bypoll defeat, expelling 44 of them and relieving two others from party posts.
Those who faced the action included R Samy, a former MLA from Melur in Madurai and a staunch supporter of Mr Dhinakaran.
In a joint statement, Mr Panneerselvam and Mr Palaniswami named the functionaries, holding various posts including membership to the powerful decision making General Council and covering the AIADMK units in Madurai, Villupuram, Dharmapuri, Tiruchirappalli and Perambalur among others.
They were being "removed" since they went against the party's principles and brought "disrepute" to the AIADMK, the two leaders said in the statement.
"Party workers are requested not to have any truck with them," Mr Palaniswami, also the Chief Minister, and his deputy Mr Panneerselvam, said in the statement.
Further, Mr Panneerselvam and Mr Palaniswami "relieved" two others from party posts in Puthukottai and Vellore districts.
Stung by the RK Nagar by-election defeat, the ruling AIADMK on December 25 cracked the whip against nine party functionaries. The two leaders had then sacked four of Mr Dhinakaran's aides as district secretaries, while expelling five others.
In a jolt to the ruling camp, TTV Dhinakaran had won the December 21 RK Nagar by-election against its candidate E Madhusudhanan by a thumping margin of 40,000 votes.
The by-election, necessitated due to the death of late chief minister J Jayalalithaa who was the sitting MLA, was seen as a litmus test for the 20-month-old AIADMK government.
Mr Dhinakaran, sidelined by the ruling camp a few months ago, had won as an independent candidate.
He had earlier lost his battle for the party symbol 'Two Leaves' to the Palaniswami-led ruling camp and contested the election on the 'Pressure Cooker' symbol.


Tire chains – are they the best choice for rescue vehicles?
Some products are so functional and effective that there is little potential to improve them. The violin, for example, got its design by the Italian master violin-makers in the 17th century. Countless efforts have been made to challenge its basic construction in order to improve it, but in vain. The violin is so close to perfect that no one has come up with a fundamental improvement during the last 350 years.
Tire chains are not that old – they were patented in 1904, and ever since they have proven to be very effective for increasing traction.
It is said that the inventor, Mr. Harry D Weed, from Canastota, New York, in the USA, got the idea when he saw drivers wrapping ropes around the wheels to increase traction. He then figured out a device that was more durable and would work on both mud and snow, and the rest is history, but are they even close to perfect?
Even if conventional tire chains are a good example of simplicity and reliable function, there are flaws. Tire chains are sturdy, thus they're excellent for heavy-duty work. For example in heavy fire trucks that must make their way irrespective of road conditions. The key to this ruggedness is steel. However, depending on the use weight may be considered a flaw, and heavy steel may not be the best option. One solution to this is to use textile socks providing a good grip and easy mounting at a very low weight – but at the expense of durability. Simply, textile does not withstand the wear when mounted on a heavy vehicle on rugged road surfaces.
Another flaw is the manual mounting. It's tedious and puts the driver at risk since he's often forced to mount the chains at the roadside in bad weather and at reduced visibility.
In my opinion the optimal improvement of the good old tire chains is to make them automatic, so they can be engaged and disengaged from the cab, even while driving. By this we keep the steel chains' durability and effectiveness while completely eliminating two flaws: the mounting time and the mounting effort. For the rescue driver saving time is most important, but it doesn't matter if it's the mounting time or the mounting effort that is the major flaw – with Onspot Automatic Snow Chains they're both history.
For a more detailed comparison of traction control for rescue vehicles, download our comprehensive guide where we compare conventional tire chains with automatic chains and textile socks.


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Polymer-based dosage forms continuously administer the drug to the patient for an extended period, which can vary from weeks to years. Various routes of administration are used which include parenteral, transdermal, and intravaginal. The long duration of action, the avoidance of first pass metabolism, and the constant systemic drug concentration levels make these controlled release products very suitable for certain indications, patient populations and drugs. Controlled release contraceptive drugs are an established example which illustrates the benefits. Efficacy of contraceptives is highly connected with compliance and hence conceptive implants serve both efficacy and convenience. In principle the same benefits will apply to other drugs for long-term and chronic indications. Next to better efficacy because of better compliance, avoiding the peaks and troughs associate with taking oral medication can help to reduce adverse side effects.
The function of the polymer in the formulation is to provide the right mechanical properties, maintain the mechanical integrity and to regulate release. In principle various biocompatible polymers can be used either non-degradable or biodegradable. Furthermore, various release mechanisms can be anticipated for example permeation through dense polymers (non-porous) by a dissolution-diffusion mechanism or through mechanisms relying on micro-porosity or pore formation. The choice of polymers is associated with a complex decision matrix which depends on various inputs like the anticipated application, the use duration, drug properties, patient population and so forth.
Commonly used non-degradable biocompatible polymers are polyethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), silicones elastomers and thermoplastic polyurethanes. EVA copolymers can be obtained in grades differing in vinyl acetate content and molecular weight, properties affecting drug release and processability. More recently, thermoplastic polyurethanes gained increased application. Polyurethane chemistry is very versatile and hence these polymers may have very different properties for example from hydrophobic grades to hydrogels displaying an equilibrium water uptake of more than 100%. Hydrophilic polyurethanes are in principle suitable for the release of hydrophilic drugs and hence are complementary to EVA and silicone polymers which are less suitable for this purpose.
Biodegradable polymers also referred to as bioresorbable polymers is a term that applies to natural and synthetic polymers that degrade in-vivo over time. A common mechanism of degradation is hydrolysis however, enzymatic degradation may play a role as well for certain polymers. The mechanism of degradation is potentially complex as surface erosion and bulk degradation may take place simultaneously. Furthermore, degradation may be accelerated by autocatalysis because of lactic acid accumulating in the interior of the degrading dosage form. The topic is extensive and cannot be elaborated in detail here, however our polymer experts are available to our customers for guidance and advice.
Several types of dosage forms have been developed for example sub-dermal implants, transdermal patches, vaginal rings, and many other very specific dosage forms. Next to presentation form, controlled release products differ in how drug release is controlled. The simplest concept is a matrix, which is essentially a drug either dissolved or dispersed homogeneously through a polymer and drug release is controlled by permeation through the polymer. Such a matrix can take the form of a ring, implant or other dosage form and it typically displays first order release kinetics. In other words, these systems will display an attenuated release profile with a high on-set release, in the early phase steeply declining in time and never reaching a true steady state. For some applications this is good enough and in case a more constant release is deemed necessary a reservoir system or membrane covered matrix can prove to be a good solution. In this case, the drug loaded compartment is covered by a rate limiting membrane, which result in nearly time independent release profiles. As said co-extrusion is a very suitable technique to produce matrix and reservoir systems as well as further improved concepts.
Our polymer and extrusion experts are eager to collaborate with you on the development of polymer-based delivery systems and in all what we do we have the end goal in mind which is the development of a scalable concept that can be produced robustly against affordable costs at any scale.
Matrix design
Reservoir design
Multilayer design

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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USUBOV IN YEREVAN. The Interior Minister is the highest ranking Azerbaijani official ever to travel to Armenia officially since the collapse of the USSR.
The Interior Minister of Azerbaijan Ramil Uzubov has arrived in Yerevan to participate in a meeting of CIS Interior Ministers. Earlier Azerbaijani media close to the government had reported that Azerbaijan will not be participating in the meeting. News.am reported that Usubov arrived in Yerevan on a plane carrying the Russian delegation
In a comment to commonspace.eu, an international observer of the region said that the change of heart came after considerable pressure from Moscow on Baku on the issue. The Minister of Interior of Russia was in Azerbaijan last week, as was the Head of the Presidential Administration and it is understood that they both had made representations on the matter. A few days ago a Russian delegation also facilitated the arrival of an Armenian boxing team to Baku to participate in a world Boxing Championship.
Uzubov is considered as one of the last of the dinasours in the region, and an unlikely messanger of peaceful tidings. A visit of such a high ranking Azerbaijani official to Yerevan however can only be considered as a good sign.
Visits of Armenians to Baku and Azerbaijanis to Yerevan have been rare and far between in the last decade. People who have participated in such visits have often been subject to criticism and sometimes interviewed by the police on their return. Uzubov's visit to Yerevan may indicate a change of policy in this regard. An Azerbaijani civil society activist in a comment said "We can only welcome this visit. Hopefully now if one of our people goes to Yerevan he or she will not be called in for questioning as a traitor".
Commonspace political editor said that Russian officials have recently been speaking of the need to introduce confidence building measures to support the Karabakh peace negotiations. It is therefore likely that more visits of this nature will take place in the future. Next year the Eurovision Song Festival will also be held in Baku and Azerbaijan has already indicated that it was ready to receive the Armenian participants and guarantee their security.
source: commonspace.eu newsroom.
Borrell tells the European Parliament that the situation in Afghanistan was critical, but the EU will remain engaged
Borrell underlined that the European Union will make every effort to support the peace process and to remain a committed partner to the Afghan people. "Of course, we will have to take into account the evolving situation, but disengagement is not an option. We are clear on that: there is no alternative to a negotiated political settlement, through inclusive peace talks.
Nagorno-Karabakh becomes Russia's latest protectorate in the South Caucasus
Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Russia all gained something as a result of the second Karabakh war, while Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh lost almost everything, says Benyamin Poghosyan in this op-ed


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" Henry Kissinger"
Nye's Weltanschauung
A look at the current political literature.
Al-Ahram Weekly - Special
Henry Kissinger: The art of Middle East diplomacy
Al-Ahram Weekly reviews a new book on the Middle East Peace Process as designed by former US secretary of state Henry Kissinger and told by author Martin Indyk.
Sports - World
'Courage' called for as Kissinger's team Fuerth host Bayern Munich
Opinion -
Kissinger's vision
Kissinger finds that balance and stability are the keywords to avoid a war between the US and China
Opinion - Test Page
Geopolitical imbalance
World - International
US needs new understanding with China or it risks conflict, Kissinger says
Kissinger said the United States would likely find it difficult to negotiate with a rival like China that would soon be larger and more advanced in some areas
In the wake of Covid-19, Washington in all likelihood will remain a leading superpower, but will not be the sole arbiter of world affairs
Trump aide notes opposition to Romney in Cabinet
Trump taps hardliners for justice, CIA and national security
Trump picks Kissinger's brain as team takes shape
Japan's Abe first leader to sound out Trump
Merkel hails late German leader Schmidt for anti-terror fight
Police use water canon on protesters at APEC summit
Obama heads to Asia with 'pivot' again stymied
6 October War: Bygone days of glory
Going to war in October 1973 was a necessity for Egypt. There was no other way to take back Sinai. But this hard-headed realism didn't last into the years that followed the 1973 victory
Egypt dailies publish spoof Kissinger quotes as genuine
Flagship daily Al-Ahram mistakenly publishes satirical quotes attributed to former US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger – in which he suggests that world war is looming – as authentic
Kissinger mulling over FIFA offer
Former American statesman Henry Kissinger says he has yet to make a firm commitment to become an advisor to football's world governing body
Blatter: Kissinger to help FIFA tackle problems
Newly re-elected FIFA President Sepp Blatter is turning to former U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger to help investigate problems within world football's governing body