The CBO reports on the ACA repeal bill using flawed data.
In the next few weeks the Senate will start the process of reviewing the Republican bill to replace the Affordable Care ACT known as the American Health Care Act.
In May 24th, the Congressional Budget Office released their report on the AHCA, the Republican bill to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act and it was none too flattering.
The most shocking claim in the CBO's report was their estimate that 23 million fewer Americans will have health care coverage by 2026 if the ACA is repealed and replaced with the AHCA.
The ink wasn't even dry on the CBO report before most major news organizations regurgitated this line as fact without a second thought.
But looking deeper into the CBO report reveals the flawed data they are basing their estimates on.
First and foremost, the CBO refused to take into account the reality of the failed ACA. When the CBO says that 23 million fewer Americans will have coverage under the proposed AHCA than the current Affordable Care Act they are assuming that 18 million Americans will be enrolled on the existing Exchanges by 2018. Currently there are just under 11 million Americans enrolled in health plans on the Exchanges and those numbers are going down according to the latest Gallop polls.
The data used in the CBO report also assumes that the non-existent additional 7 million enrollees will continue with coverage through the Exchanges into 2026, the year the CBO claims 23 million less Americans will have health coverage.
The most recent report on the Federal Exchange shows that rates have increased 105% on average from January 2014 to January 2017. Rates are expected to increase by another 30% nationwide in 2018. Carriers continue to leave the Federal and State Exchanges leaving consumers with fewer choices and plan options. Add to that an Executive branch that seems determined to end the individual mandate and the premise that enrollment in the Health Exchanges will increase by 60% by next year and continue those enrollment number through 2026 have no place in reality.
I don't deny that based on what I know of the AHCA that fewer Americans may have health care coverage and I'm not convinced that the bill put forth will address all the problems we face as we move forward in replacing the ACA, but I do know that now is the time for putting forth new ideas and debating the best way to move forward with health care reform. A report from the CBO using incorrect data gives those opposed to any changes to the current health care law more ammunition to silence discussion on what is the best way to fix the mess created by the ACA.


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THE RUSSIAN IT/INTERNET INDUSTRY: INVESTMENT AND BUSINESS CLIMATE
New Catalysts for Change
Sergey Beloussov , Chief Executive Officer, Acronis
Alexander Gentsis , Head of the Committee on Development of Business in Russia, Diasoft
Natalia Kasperskaya , General Director, InfoWatch
Alexander Kravchenko , Vice-President, SPIRIT
William Savage , Vice President, Intel Corporation
Robert Farish , Vice President, Regional Managing Director for Russia and CIS, International Data Corporation
Mark Shmulevich , Deputy Minister of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation
Sergey Beloussov
Chief Executive Officer, Acronis
Sergey Beloussov is entrepreneur businessman and executive with more than 20 years' experience of creating, developing and managing transnational companies involved in the IT sector in North America, Europe and Asia. He is Doctor Honoris Causa of the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. He received a Bachelor's degree in physics, a Master's degree with distinction in physics and electrical engineering, Candidate of Science degree in information technologies from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology and holds more than 100 patents. Sergey Beloussov currently serves as General Director at Acronis, a leading provider of new generation data protection solutions: backup, crash data recovery and secure access systems. Acronis data backup software helps enhance the security and accessibility of servers and data. Acronis solutions are built upon 15 years of research and development and are available in more than 130 countries, are translated into 14 languages. Acronis products are used by more than 5 million end users and over 300,000 corporate customers. From 2000 to 2011, Sergey Beloussov served as General Director of Parallels, a global leader in development of virtualization and automation software for individual and corporate users and service providers. He became Chairman of the Board of Parallels in 2000. In 2010, he founded Runa Capital, a venture capital firm, where he is now a senior partner. Mr. Beloussov supports innovation and advancement of science and education. He is the founder of QWave Capital, a VC firm, Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Russian Quantum Centre, board member of the Singapore Centre for Quantum Technologies, member of the Advisory Council of Innopolis University and member of the Supervisory Board of Novosibirsk State University.
Alexander Gentsis
Head of the Committee on Development of Business in Russia, Diasoft
Alexander was born in 1971. He graduated with honors from Moscow Institute of radio engineering, electronics and automation. He has been working in Diasoft Company from the moment of the company foundation. In 1993 Alexander became the Head of the Information Centre. The Sales Department and Maintenance and Support Department have been founded under his guidance. In 1996 he was introduced into Diasoft's Board of Directors. In 2005 Alexander was appointed Head of Business Development Department which incorporates sales, marketing and presale divisions. Currently he is responsible for Diasoft strategy at the Russian market. His main hobby is artistic photography, and associated hobby is organization of his own personal photo exhibitions. 1400 visitors in 10 days attended his ninths personal photo exhibition "Sasha Gentsis. Duets' which has been recently held in Moscow. In addition, Alexander plays golf, takes mountain skiing and travels a lot. He believes that Island, Bolivia and Mongolia are the most exiting countries for travelling. He is married with two sons.
Natalia Kasperskaya
General Director, InfoWatch
Natalya Kaspersky was born in 1966 in Moscow. She graduated from the Moscow Institute of Electronic Engineering (MIEM) with a degree in Applied Mathematics. She holds a bachelor's degree from Open University in the UK. In 1997, Natalya and her former husband Yevgeny Kaspersky founded Kaspersky Lab and she became the general director. For the more than 10 years that Natalya ran the company, Kaspersky Lab went from being an unknown start-up to one of the leaders on the international IT market with turnover of half a billion (in the dollar equivalent). In 2003, Kaspersky Lab established the subsidiary InfoWatch, which began working on developments to protect companies from information leaks. In 2007, Natalya Kaspersky took over as CEO of the company. Under her leadership, InfoWatch has turned into a powerful holding companies specialising in information security in just a few years. Natalya Kaspersky actively invests in the development of high-tech companies, is a member of the advisory board at Russian Venture Company, is an advisor at the Russo-British Chamber of Commerce, and an expert in the professional organisation of security officers.
Alexander Kravchenko
Vice-President, SPIRIT
Alexander graduated with distinction from the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. His career has included almost 25 years' work in the international IT, telecommunications and Internet systems market, including working in senior posts in some of the biggest international companies, such as Apple, Czech Telecom, GTS and Motorola. Alexander manages SPIRIT's international business. SPIRIT is the world's number one company in the development and licensing of software engines for voice and video transmission via IP systems. SPIRIT's carrier-grade innovative communications software platform is used by communications operators, equipment manufacturers, software developers, web services and social networks and serves over a billion users in more than 100 countries.
William Savage
Vice President, Intel Corporation
William (Bill) Savage is the vice president and general manager of the Developer Product Division within Intel's Software and Services Group. He joined Intel in 1990 as a software developer working on compilers. He is now responsible for Intel's developer products including Compilers, Performance Analyzers, Performance Libraries, Visual Computing software tools as well as the Intel Parallel Studio and Parallel Studio XE product lines. These products allow software developers to take full advantage of Intel processors through improved performance and time to market. In addition, Savage is responsible for hardware software co-design projects working closely with Intel design teams on future software technologies for Intel microprocessors. He is a board member of Havok, an Intel subsidiary. Savage holds a degree in Computer Science from California State Polytechnic University, Pomona.
Robert Farish
Vice President, Regional Managing Director for Russia and CIS, International Data Corporation
Robert Farish is vice president at International Data Corporation (IDC), the premier global provider of market intelligence, advisory services, and events for the information technology, telecommunications, and consumer technology markets. He is responsible for IDC's research, consulting, and events business in the CIS region. He has spent most of his professional life tracking the information technology market in Russia. Prior to joining IDC, Mr. Farish was the director of Russia Data Services, an independent Moscow-based IT research firm. In early 1990's he also worked as a Moscow-based technology journalist. Today he heads IDC's regional team covering the CIS countries. During his time at IDC, Mr. Farish has personally authored studies on many of the technology areas addressed by IDC. His leadership has resulted in a major expansion of IDC's research, consulting, and events business in the CIS. He is a regular speaker at IT events in Russia and respected authority on the Russian IT market.
Mark Shmulevich
Deputy Minister of Telecom and Mass Communications of the Russian Federation
Born in 1982 in Moscow. Mark Shmulevich is a seasoned business development and innovation manager with a track record of managing high-technology innovation – from space engineering to nano-scale quantum devices. Currently Mark is a deputy Minister in the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Media of the Russian Federation, where he is focused on fostering the development of the Russian IT industry. Mark was appointed this position in July 2012. Mark's previous job was a Chief Development Officer and Member of the Steering Committee of the Russian Quantum Center, a new cutting edge scientific research center in Moscow focused on quantum physics and quantum technologies. Before that Mark had been working in the field of space technologies for 6 years. He led formation of the joint venture between JSC Russian Space Systems (10000+ employees) and Trimble Navigation, USA, in the field of satellite navigation. He was a member of the Board of Directors of this joint venture in 2010-2012. Mark worked as a Head of Business Development of the Russian Space Systems from 2009 till 2012. Mark has been selected as a Global Shaper by the World Economic Forum (WEF) in 2011.
In this worldwide economy – and we think about the world without borders and boundaries – when you're building something, collaboration across boundaries is really important: collaboration across companies, often collaboration across countries, as well as collaboration across academics and business people.
We've reached the point where information technologies have become a platform for development, and the new trend is that IT is expanding into practical areas like the real sector of the economy.
The Russian online games market outgrew film distribution in 2012, and is still growing. This will provide a significant new source of income for Internet companies.
We need to think about some kind of bold projects that could help the IT industry achieve more breakthroughs in the next 10 years… and if they were public-private partnership projects – we could get even better results.
Russian companies shouldn't wait for the next fashion or trend, but instead go where the global investors are. What's important in investment is the same as in hockey: you have to see which way the game is going.д

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Sketch of the Surprise of German Town. by the...
William Faden / John Hills
Sketch of the Surprise of German Town. by the American Forces commanded by General Washington. October 4th 1777 by J. Hills, Lt. 23d. Regt. & Asst.Engr.
London / 1784
The Very Rare and Authoritative Revolutionary War Plan of the Battle of Germantown
The present map showcases the Battle of Germantown, Pennsylvania, an especially dramatic action of the Revolutionary War that occurred on October 4th, 1777, during the 'Philadelphia Campaign'. It is based on a manuscript map by British Lieutenant John Hills, and printed by the leading map publisher William Faden. It is considered to be the finest cartographic record of the altercation, and the only printed plan of the battle published during the Revolutionary era. While Germantown resulted in a defeat for General George Washington, importantly, it taught the American leader valuable lessons that would strengthen his judgment in the battles that were to follow.
The Military Action Depicted on the Present Map
By the early days of 1777, the American Revolutionary War was in something of a stalemate. While a massive British invasion in the autumn of 1776 had secured New York City and environs, General George Washington's dramatic 'Crossing of the Delaware' ensured that the hinterland remained in Patriot hands. Thereafter, attempts by the British Commander-in-Chief, General Sir William Howe, to goad Washington's forces into a direct showdown had proven unsuccessful.
Pursuing a 'shock and awe' strategy, Howe resolved to conquer the American capital, Philadelphia. In late August 1777, a massive British flotilla of 260 vessels landed 17,000 troops at the head of Chesapeake Bay. Over the next month this juggernaut steadily made its way northeastwards towards Philadelphia. The British met with American resistance on a number of occasions, most notably at the Battle of Brandywine. However, Washington was progressively forced to retreat. On September 26, the British marched into Philadelphia, which had been strategically abandoned by the Americans.
While Washington's force had repaired the Shippack, well to the north of the city, Howe made his main encampment of 9,000 British troops and Hessian mercenaries at Germantown, a hamlet located five miles to the north of Philadelphia. As shown on the map, Germantown ran for about two miles down a main road below where the Wissahickon Creek descended from a steep gorge to flow into the Schuylkill River. Howe also left a further 3,000 men under Lord Cornwallis to garrison Philadelphia.
As depicted on the map, Howe made his headquarters on a small rise to the south of the town, and the initial placement of his troops on the morning of October 4th is indicated by the columns, heightened in original color, marked with the letter A, corresponding to the 'References' notes in the lower left corner of the map.
Washington, aided by intelligence supplied by his extensive espionage network, knew that his force of 11,000 troops could overwhelm Howe's army if they were able to mount a stealth attack. He developed a rather sophisticated operational plan, which if properly executed, would have been quite formidable. Washington decided to divide his force into four columns, the main force of which was to assault Germantown directly, preoccupying the presumably surprised British, while the other American detachments would form a pincer movement, attacking the British flanks, and so entrapping the enemy.
Returning to the map itself, Washington's four columns are designated as points B, C, D and E. Washington ensured that his more experienced men joined the two center columns, C being commanded by General Nathaniel Greene and E commanded by General John Sullivan. Unfortunately for the Americans, events did not go as planned. At dusk on 3 October, the four columns began their 16 mile all-night march to Germantown. Sullivan's force advanced into the town through points F and then G. Meanwhile a thick fog had settled in, delaying and confusing the attacking force, and buying precious time for the surprised defenders.
A British force under Lt. Colonel Thomas Musgrave responded by advancing from point H, but upon encountering the Americans at point I, decided to make a strategic retreat to point K. These developments allowed the Hessian commander, Baron von Knyphausen to advance his forces to points L and M. Further British brigades under Generals Grey, Agnew and Stern moved in to shore up the defenses of the town at point N, forcing the Americans to retreat to the north.
By this time Washington's element of surprise had been totally blown, and the British had succeeded in mounting an organized defense, causing the Americans to be surprised by this reversal of fortune. Lines under American General Adam Stephen, who was later said to have been inebriated, advanced from point O, but faltered badly upon being engaged by British lines under General James Grant who advanced to points P and Q. Grant was also able to repel Greene's American lines which had advanced from C to R. Washington sent a detachment of the Pennsylvania militia down the Schuylkill Valley to point S, however, they were only able to play a peripheral role in the battle. The result was an unequivocal victory for the British, although most of Washington's force survived to fight another day.
In the final analysis, it can be concluded that Washington's plan, which required the disciplined and coordinated movement of the four columns, was too sophisticated for an army that was largely composed of amateur volunteers, with little or no formal training. While the inclement weather certainly played a part, Washington had erred in placing his less effective militia columns on the right and left flanks. While the British were initially put on the defensive by Washington's central columns, General Stephen's lamentable effort to follow through on the planned pincer movement essentially sealed the fate of the enterprise.
While the British spent the winter that followed enjoying the comforts of Philadelphia, Washington's force endured legendary hardship in freezing conditions at Valley Forge.
However, in the spring, circumstances radically changed. Word reached America that the French had joined the war on the American side, such that both New York and the British West Indies were in immediate danger of French naval attack. In June 1778, the new British commander, General Sir Henry Clinton, had no choice but to abandon Philadelphia, leading his forces on a harrowing overland retreat across New Jersey in order to shore up the defenses of New York.
Ironically, after all of the herculean feats of force and melodrama of the British 'Philadelphia Campaign', the overall conflict essentially returned to the same state of stalemate as it was in the summer of 1776. The British were left in control of not much more than New York City, while Washington was once again headquartered up country at White Plains. From that point on, all of the major action of the Revolution shifted to Georgia, the Carolinas and Virginia, as Clinton pursued his 'Southern Strategy.'
The Story behind the Creation of the Hills-Faden Germantown Plan
The present map represents the only printed battle plan of this crucial engagement published during the Revolutionary Era. It is closely based on a manuscript map drafted by John Hills, one of four known manuscripts of the Battle of Germantown, the others being drafted by John André and John Montresor, while the fourth is an anonymous sketch.
William Faden (1749-1836), the Geographer to the King, ascended to the apex of the London map world based on his groundbreaking cartography of the American Revolution. While he was able to publish maps of other aspects of the Philadelphia Campaign in short order, it seems that Faden faced considerable difficulty in obtaining a credible plan of the Battle of Germantown. Faden did not come out with the present map until 1784, when he included it in his, now phenomenally rare, Atlas of Battles of the American Revolution.
John Hills (fl. 1777-1816), who drafted the manuscript on which the present map is predicated, was one of the most talented and prolific cartographers of the Revolutionary War, and a direct eyewitness to many of the events captured by his maps. Serving as an ensign in the 38th, and later as a lieutenant in the 23rd Regiment, Hills's abilities were greatly valued by his superiors even though his mercurial personality led him into frequent violent altercations with fellow officers and civilians alike. While serving in the Philadelphia Campaign, Hills drafted a magnificent series of manuscript battle plans, and larger regional campaign maps. His excellent work done in the field was aided considerably by his knowledge of the most advanced surveys conducted before the war, for it seems that he had access to the manuscript maps contained in the archives of the Proprietors of East Jersey, and possibly West Jersey. He also maintained extensive contacts with various local surveyors in both New Jersey and Pennsylvania. His greatest work was the manuscript atlas of New Jersey he made for Sir Henry Clinton, now preserved in the Library of Congress. After the war, Hills settled in Philadelphia, where he published several fine maps of various locations in the Philadelphia-New York corridor.
Nebenzahl, K. (Biblio Amer Rev) #129; Nebenzahl & Higginbotham (Amer Rev) #28; Snyder, M.P. #57; Streeter (Sale) #806.
William Faden Biography
William Faden (1749-1836) was the most prominent London mapmaker and publisher of the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries. His father, William Mackfaden, was a printer who dropped the first part of his last name due to the Jacobite rising of 1745.
Apprenticed to an engraver in the Clothworkers' Company, he was made free of the Company in August of 1771. He entered into a partnership with the family of Thomas Jeffreys, a prolific and well-respected mapmaker who had recently died in 1771. This partnership lasted until 1776.
Also in 1776, Faden joined the Society of Civil Engineers, which later changed its name to the Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers. The Smeatonians operated as an elite, yet practical, dining club and his membership led Faden to several engineering publications, including canal plans and plans of other new engineering projects.
Faden's star rose during the American Revolution, when he produced popular maps and atlases focused on the American colonies and the battles that raged within them. In 1783, just as the war ended, Faden inherited his father's estate, allowing him to fully control his business and expand it; in the same year he gained the title "Geographer in Ordinary to his Majesty."
Faden also commanded a large stock of British county maps, which made him attractive as a partner to the Ordnance Survey; he published the first Ordnance map in 1801, a map of Kent. The Admiralty also admired his work and acquired some of his plates which were re-issued as official naval charts.
Faden was renowned for his ingenuity as well as his business acumen. In 1796 he was awarded a gold medal by the Society of Arts. With his brother-in-law, the astronomer and painter John Russell, he created the first extant lunar globe.
After retiring in 1823 the lucrative business passed to James Wyld, a former apprentice. He died in Shepperton in 1826, leaving a large estate.
Antique Maps / United States / Mid-Atlantic / Mid-Atlantic
Antique Maps / Wars & Conflicts / American Revolution
The American Atlas, or a Geographical Description of the Whole Continent of America.
The First National Atlas of the United States. The Exceptionally Rare 1783 Edition of Jeffery's American Atlas.
Price: $ 125,000.00
Pascaarte van Nieu Nederlandt uytgegeven door Arnold Colom
The First Sea Chart of the New Netherlands
Price: $ 32,500.00
A New and Accurate Map of New Jersey, Pensilvania, New York and New England with the adjacent Countries. . . .
Finely colored example of Emanuel Bowen's map of the Northern British Colonies.
Plan de la Ville et du Port de Louisbourg Leve en 1756 Suivant l'Original conserve au Depot General des Cartes Plans et Journeaux de la Marine. . . 1779
Plan of Louisbourg in 1779
Totius Neobelgii Nova et Accuratissima Tabula
Striking example of Reiner & Josua Ottens edition of Hugo Allard's rare map of New England and the Northeastern United States, including the so-called "Resitutio View" of Manhattan.
The Engagement on the White Plains the 28th of October 1776 . . .
Rare Revolutionary War battle plan of White Plains, from Charles Smith's Monthly Military Repository, the first detailed plan of the battle of White Plains to be printed in the United States.


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Action Synopsis: Grassland Conservation About Actions
Sow grass seeds
Overall effectiveness category Evidence not assessed
Number of studies: 13
View assessment score
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How is the evidence assessed?
Harms
Calculating overall effectiveness category
Expert assessment panel
Background information and definitions
Grass seeds are often sown following infrastructure development or in highly degraded land to reduce soil erosion or colonisation by weeds (Deák et al. 2011). In some cases, grasses sown include non-native species, as the aim of sowing is often to improve vegetation cover rather than native biodiversity. However, sowing grass seeds may increase the likelihood that other grassland species will colonise a site.
Deák, B., O. Valkó, A. Kelemen, P. Török, T. Miglécz Ph.D, T. Ölvedi, S. Lengyel, and B. Tóthmérész. (2011) Litter and Graminoid Biomass Accumulation Suppresses Weedy Forbs in Grassland Restoration. Plant Biosystems, 145, 730–737.
Thirteen studies examined the effects of sowing grass seeds on grassland vegetation. Six studies were in North America, five studies were in Europe and one study was in each of Canada and South Africa.
VEGETATION COMMUNITY (6 STUDIES)
Community composition (2 studies): One of two paired studies (one of which was replicated, randomized and controlled) in Hungary and the UK found that, over time, plant communities in areas where grass seeds were sown and in areas where no seeds were sown became more similar to those of intact grasslands. The other study found that plant communities in sown areas were different from those of ancient grasslands or sites where natural regeneration was allowed.
Overall richness/diversity (4 studies): Three of four studies (three of which were replicated and controlled, and one of which was a site comparison) in the UK, Hungary, Iceland and the USA found that sowing grass seeds did not change or reduced overall plant species richness. The other study found that species richness was lower than that found in nearby intact prairies.
Native/non-target species richness/diversity (1 study): One replicated, controlled study in the USA found that sowing grass seeds did not alter the species richness of native plants.
VEGETATION ABUNDANCE (10 STUDIES)
Overall abundance (3 studies): Two of three studies (including two replicated, controlled studies and one site comparison) in the USA, Iceland and Norway found that sowing grass seeds increased vegetation cover. The other study found that in two of three years there was no difference in vegetation cover between areas where grass seeds were sown and those where no seeds were sown.
Characteristic plant abundance (1 study): One replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study in Hungary found that sowing grass seeds reduced the abundance of grassland species.
Sown/planted species abundance (1 study): One replicated, controlled study in South Africa found that sowing grass seeds increased the abundance of sown species.
Grass abundance (4 studies): Three of four replicated studies (two of which were randomized, controlled studies and the other a site comparison) in the USA and Canada found that sowing grass seeds either reduced native grass cover or did not alter native grass density. The other study found that after two years grass cover was higher in areas where grass seeds were sown than in areas were no seeds were sown, but after seven years there was no longer a difference between areas.
Forb abundance (2 studies): One of two replicated studies (one randomized, controlled study and one site comparison) in the USA and Canada found that sowing grass seeds reduced the abundance of native forb species. The other study found no change in the density of native forb species.
Tree/shrub abundance (2 studies): Two replicated studies (one randomized, controlled study and one site comparison) in the USA and Canada found that sowing grass seeds reduced the abundance of shrub species.
Native/non-target species abundance (1 study): One replicated, controlled study in the USA found that sowing grass seeds did not alter the cover of native plant species.
VEGETATION STRUCTURE (0 STUDIES)
About key messages
Key messages provide a descriptive index to studies we have found that test this intervention.
Studies are not directly comparable or of equal value. When making decisions based on this evidence, you should consider factors such as study size, study design, reported metrics and relevance of the study to your situation, rather than simply counting the number of studies that support a particular interpretation.
Supporting evidence from individual studies
A replicated, randomized, controlled study in 1972–1976 in a sagebrush grassland affected by wildfire in Nevada, USA (Evans & Young 1978) found that sowing grass seeds did not alter the density of native grass or forbs but led to a decrease in the number of shrubs. After four years, the density of crested wheatgrass Agropyron desertorum and native forbs did not differ significantly between plots sown with grass seeds (wheatgrass: 0.35–0.70 plants/m2; forbs: 0.46–0.48 plants/m2) and unsown plots (wheatgrass: 0.35–1.04 plants/m2; forbs: 0.85–0.88 plants/m2). Total shrub density was lower in plots sown with grass seeds (74–84 shrubs/1,000 m2) than in unsown plots (116–119 shrubs/1,000 m2). In October 1972, eight 12 x 12 m plots were established. Four of the plots were sown with seeds of crested wheatgrass and intermediate wheatgrass Agropyron intermedium, while four plots were left unsown. The number of grass, forb and shrub plants was counted within each plot in 1973, 1974 and 1976.
Study and other actions tested
Referenced paper
Evans R.A. & Young J.A. (1978) Effectiveness of rehabilitation practices following wildfire in a degraded big sagebrush-downy brome community. Journal of Range Management, 31, 185-188.
A replicated, controlled study in 1973–1977 in a grassland where powerlines had been constructed in Arizona, USA (Hessing & Johnson 1982) found that sowing a mixture of native and non-native grass seeds did not alter vegetation cover in most cases. In two of three years, there was no significant difference in vegetation cover between seeded (8–10%) and unseeded areas (10–12%). In one year, seeded areas had significantly higher vegetation cover than unseeded areas in the spring (53% vs 34%) but not in the summer (18% vs 16%). After construction was completed in summer 1973, two areas were sown with a seed mixture of eight grass species at a rate of 15.3 kg/ha, while two areas were not sown with seeds. Vegetation cover was surveyed using eight 6.1-m long line transects in each area in summer 1975, spring and summer 1976, and spring 1977.
Hessing M.B. & Johnson C.D. (1982) Early secondary succession following restoration and reseeding treatments in Northern Arizona. Journal of Range Management, 35, 667-669.
A site comparison study in 1992 in a former arable field site in Kansas, USA (Kindscher & Tieszen 1998) found that sowing grass seeds resulted in species richness that was lower than that found in intact prairie sites. Plant species richness in the two sites where local seeds were sown was lower (9.2–12.0 species/quadrat) than in a nearby intact prairie (15.0 species/quadrat). In 1957, soil in the arable field was disturbed by disking and sown with Andropogon gerardii, Andropogon scoparius, Sorghastrum nutans, and Panicum virgatum seeds. In June 1992, vegetation cover was surveyed in ninety 1-m2 quadrats in the site sown with seed, and 30 quadrats in an adjacent intact prairie.
Kindscher K. & Tieszen L.L. (1998) Floristic and soil organic matter changes after five and thirty‐five years of native tallgrass prairie restoration. Restoration Ecology, 6, 181-169.
A replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study in 1993–1996 in ex-arable land in the UK (Manchester et al. 1999) found that sowing commercial grass seeds did not alter plant species richness. Plant species richness was the same in sown and unsown areas (28 vs 28 species). No statistical analyses were carried out in this study. A commercial seed mix containing four grass species was sown in 10 plots (size of plots unclear), while no seed was sown in 10 plots. The survey methods used to assess species richness in this study were not clear.
Manchester S.J., McNally S., Treweek J.R., Sparks T.H. & Mountford J.O. (1999) The cost and practicality of techniques for the reversion of arable land to lowland wet grassland - an experimental study and review. Journal of Environmental Management, 55, 91-109.
A paired, site comparison study in 2004 in 40 restored and 40 ancient grasslands in southern England, UK (Fagan et al. 2008) found that sowing grass seeds resulted in plant communities that were different from those of ancient grasslands or sites where natural regeneration was allowed. The plant community of restoration sites where grass seeds were sown was different from the plant communities of paired ancient grasslands, as well as the plant communities of restoration sites where both grass and forb seeds were sown, or where natural regeneration was allowed (results presented as graphical analysis). Between one and >20 years prior to the study, 40 ex-arable sites were seeded with grass seeds only (12 sites), grass and forb seeds (12 sites) or no seeds (natural regeneration; 16 sites). Each site was paired with the closest ancient grassland (0–9 km away; aged >200 years). All sites were grazed, and occasionally mown. In June–August 2004, the cover of plant species was estimated within 50 x 50 cm quadrats placed at 10 m intervals along a 100-m transect at each site.
Fagan K.C., Pywell R.F., Bullock J.M. & Marrs R.H. (2008) Do restored calcareous grasslands on former arable fields resemble ancient targets? The effect of time, methods and environment on outcomes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, 1293-1303.
A replicated, site comparison study in 2004 in 14 sites disturbed by pipeline construction in Alberta, Canada (Desserud et al. 2010) found that areas where grass seeds had been sown had lower cover of native plants, shrubs, grasses and forbs than nearby natural grasslands, but had higher cover of non-native plants. Areas where seeds had been sown after disturbance by pipeline construction had lower cover of native plants (39%) than nearby natural grasslands (71%). There was a similar pattern for native shrubs (seeded: 2%, natural: 7%), native grasses (seeded: 27%, natural: 35%) and native forbs (seeded: 11%, natural: 29%). However, non-native species cover was higher in seeded areas (32%) than in natural grasslands (21%). Fourteen sites where pipelines had been constructed 7–40 years prior were selected for the study. All sites were sown with native grass seeds, including rough fescue Festuca campestris, after construction. In June–August 2004, plant cover was surveyed using 10 quadrats along one 30 x 1 m transect in the reseeded area of each site and one transect in adjacent intact grasslands.
Desserud P., Gates C.C., Adams B. & Revel R.D. (2010) Restoration of foothills rough fescue grassland following pipeline disturbance in southwestern Alberta. Journal of Environmental Management, 91, 2763-2770.
A replicated, controlled study in 2004–2006 in a former arable field in Gauteng province, South Africa (Oudtshoorn et al. 2011) found that sowing grass seeds increased the abundance of sown species and reduced the abundance of unsown species. After two years, in two comparisons the density of sown species was higher in areas where soil was disturbed and grass seeds were sown (35–80 plants/m2) than in areas where soil was disturbed but no grass seeds were sown (2 plants/m2). The opposite was true for plants whose seed was not sown (disturbed and sown: 51–122 plants/m2; disturbed and unsown 250 plants/m2). In 2004, eight 20 × 10 m plots were ploughed and sown with seeds of five grass species. Eight plots were disturbed with a single toothed ripper and sown with seeds of five grass species, and four plots were ploughed or disturbed with a ripper and not sown with seeds. In March 2005 and 2006, eight 1-m2 quadrats were placed in each plot and the number of plants counted.
Van Oudtshoorn F., Brown L. & Kellner K. (2011) The effect of reseeding methods on secondary succession during cropland restoration in the Highveld region of South Africa. African Journal of Range & Forage Science, 28, 1-8.
A replicated, controlled study in 1999–2005 in a formerly overgrazed area in Iceland (Petursdottir et al. 2013) found that sowing grass seeds increased vegetation cover, but not plant species richness. Vegetation cover was higher in areas where seeds were sown (72–91%) than in areas where they were not (6%). Plant species richness did not differ significantly between areas that were seeded and areas that were not seeded (no data reported). In 1999, some areas of the site were sown with red fescue Festuca rubra and Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis seeds, while other areas were not sown with seeds (levels of replication were unclear from the study). In August–September 2005, five 10 × 10 m plots were established in seeded areas and five plots were established in unseeded areas. Vegetation cover in ten 0.5 x 0.5 m quadrats within each plot was surveyed.
Petursdottir T., Aradottir A.L. & Benediktsson K. (2013) Evaluation of the short‐term progress of restoration combining ecological assessment and public perception. Restoration Ecology, 21, 75-85.
A replicated, randomized, controlled study in 2006–2011 in arid rangelands in Arizona, USA (Bernstein et al. 2014) found that sowing grass seeds did not alter the density of the sown grasses Indian ricegrass Achnatherum hymenoides and needle-and-thread grass Hesperostipa comata. After five years, there was no significant difference in the average density of Indian ricegrass and needle-and-thread grass between plots where their seeds were sown (0.03 plants/m2) and plots where no seeds were sown (0.01 plants/m2). In November 2006, twenty 3 × 3 m plots were sown with native C3 grass seeds and ten plots were not. Counts of grass species were made in all plots in May 2007, 2010 and 2011.
Bernstein E.J., Albano C.M., Sisk T.D., Crews T.E. & Rosenstock S. (2014) Establishing cool-season grasses on a degraded arid rangeland of the Colorado plateau. Restoration Ecology, 22, 57-64.
A replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study in 2005–2012 in two cleared sites in Oregon, USA (Busby & Southworth 2014) found that sowing grass seeds initially increased grass cover, but after seven years there was no difference in grass cover between sown and unsown areas. After two years, grass cover was higher in plots where grass seeds were sown (9.7%) than in plots where they were not sown (0.2%). However, after seven years there was no significant difference in the grass cover in sown (1.9%) and unsown plots (0.4%). In 2001–2002, woody vegetation was removed using a masticator, and in 2005, prescribed burning was carried out. Two weeks after burning, native grass seeds of four species were sown in 15 randomly located 1-m2 plots at each site, while no seeds were sown in another 15 plots. Grass cover was estimated in each plot in 2006, 2007 and 2012.
Busby L. & Southworth D. (2014) Minimal persistence of native bunchgrasses seven years after seeding, following mastication and prescribed fire in southwestern Oregon, USA. Fire Ecology, 10, 63-71.
A site comparison study in 2010 on 10 road verges in the Dovre Mountains, Norway (Hagen et al. 2014) found that sowing grass seeds increased vegetation cover overall but reduced native vegetation cover. Total vegetation cover was on average higher in areas where a commercial grass seed mixture was sown (85–96%) than in areas where no seeds were sown (65–90%). The opposite was true for native vegetation cover (seeded: 48–72%; unseeded: 65–74%). In 1989, ten road verges were sown with a commercial seed mixture containing four non-native grass species at a rate of 7 kg/1,000 m2. Commercial fertilizer was also added at a rate of 50 kg/1,000 m2. Ten other areas on each of the 10 road verges were not seeded. All sites were grazed occasionally. In July and August 2010, the abundance of plant species was recorded in five 0.5 × 0.5 m plots in each of the seeded and unseeded areas.
Hagen D., Hansen T.I., Graae B.J. & Rydgren K. (2014) To seed or not to seed in alpine restoration: introduced grass species outcompete rather than facilitate native species. Ecological Engineering, 64, 255-261.
A replicated, controlled study in 2012–2013 in a serpentine grassland in California, USA (Funk et al. 2015) found that sowing grass seeds did not alter native plant species richness or the cover of native or non-native invasive plant species. Average numbers of native plant species did not differ significantly between plots sown with grass seeds and plots not sown with seeds (both 9–10 species/plot). The same was true for the cover of native plants (sown: 63–77%; unsown: 54–71%) and the cover of non-native invasive plants (sown: 20–29%; unsown: 18–26%). In November 2012, twenty 1 x 1 m plots were sown with 20 seeds of three native grass species (collected onsite 2–3 months prior), while 20 plots were left unsown. All plots were irrigated for 21 days in August 2012. Half of the plots for each treatment were grazed by cattle. Vegetation cover was estimated in March and April 2013 using a 0.25 × 0.25 m quadrat placed in each plot.
Funk J.L., Hoffacker M.K. & Matzek V. (2015) Summer irrigation, grazing and seed addition differentially influence community composition in an invaded serpentine grassland. Restoration Ecology, 23, 122-130.
A replicated, randomized, paired, controlled study in 2008–2014 in a pine plantation burnt in a wildfire in Hungary (Szitár et al. 2016) found that sowing with grass seeds reduced plant species richness and cover of specialist grassland species, but the plant communities of both seeded and unseeded areas became more similar to that of intact grasslands over time. After six years, plant species richness of areas where grass seeds were sown was lower (3.4 species/m2) than that in areas where no seeds were sown (7.0 species/m2). Cover of grassland species showed a similar pattern (seeded: 5%, unseeded: 16%). Over six years, the plant community both in areas where seeds were sown and areas where seeds were not sown became more similar to that of intact grasslands (data presented as graphical analysis). These results are not based on tests of statistical significance. In autumn 2008, seeds of two grass species Festuca vaginata and Stipa borysthenica were sown, at a rate of 1500 seeds/m2 and 100 seeds/m2 respectively, in twenty 1 x 1 m plots, while in 20 plots no seeds were sown. Cover of all plants was estimated yearly in June between 2008 and 2014. In June 2014, ten intact grassland areas that had also been burnt were surveyed.
Szitár K., Ónodi G., Somay L., Pándi I., Kucs P. & Kröel-Dulay G. (2016) Contrasting effects of land use legacies on grassland restoration in burnt pine plantations. Biological Conservation, 201, 356-362.
Martin, P.A., Ockendon, N., Berthinussen, A, Smith, R.K. and Sutherland W.J. (2021) Grassland Conservation: Global evidence for the effects of selected interventions. Conservation Evidence Series Synopses. University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Grassland Conservation
Remove leaf litter before seeding/planting
Action Link Evidence not assessed 3 Synopsis Link
Apply herbicide before seeding/planting
Plant grassland plants
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Grassland Conservation - Published 2021
Grassland Synopsis
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An assessment by independent experts of the effectiveness of this action based on the summarized evidence (0% = not effective, 100% = highly effective). This score is based on the direction and size of the effects reported in each study. Actions with high scores typically have large, desirable effects on the target species/habitat in each study. There is some variation between actions, e.g. 100% effectiveness in adding underpasses under roads for bat conservation will likely have different impacts to 100% effectiveness in restoring marsh habitat. The effectiveness score does not consider the quantity or quality of studies; a single, poorly designed study could generate a high effectiveness score. The effectiveness score is combined with the certainty and harms scores to determine the overall effectiveness category (for more details see https://www.conservationevidence.com/content/page/79).
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Politics & social justice
Home > Politics & social justice > 'Scotland and Ireland have national holidays, why doesn't Wales?'
'Scotland and Ireland have national holidays, why doesn't Wales?'
Fflur Evans
A petition calling for St David's Day to become a national holiday has reached over 3,000 signatures, but what are the obstacles facing its supporters?
The leek and daffodil – symbolic of Wales and of St David's Day. (© Flickr – historical-uk)
Almost 3,500 people have signed a petition to make St David's Day (Dydd Gŵyl Dewi) a national holiday in Wales.
Although Welsh citizens up and down the country have been celebrating St David's Day on 1 March for centuries, this petition would need 6,500 more signatures in order to be considered by the UK government.
A St David's Day Parade in full swing on the street outside Cardiff Castle.
Elfed Wyn Jones, who created the petition, said: "Making St David's Day a national holiday would strengthen Wales' position as a unique country with its own unique culture and traditions. Scotland and Ireland have a public holiday to celebrate their patron saints, so why shouldn't Wales get the same opportunity?"
Elfed, who works as an officer for Cymdeithas yr Iaith (The Welsh Language Society), feels strongly that every person in Wales would benefit from this change. "Making St David's Day a national holiday would provide the opportunity for every Welsh person to consider what it actually means to be Welsh." he says.
Children wear traditional dress in order to take part in Welsh clog dancing on St David's Day. (© Flickr – The National Assembly for Wales)
The designation of St David's Day as a public holiday is wholly supported by the four main political parties in Wales (Labour, Plaid Cymru, The Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats), but this may not hold as much significance as one might assume.
For years, the Welsh have been petitioning the government to make 1 March a national holiday, with little success. Neil Pritchard, a spokesperson for the Welsh Assembly, says: "A similar petition was introduced to us in 2017, but unfortunately, as the Welsh Assembly has no authority over legislation concerning this matter, we could not move the petition along."
The Welsh Assembly, who support Elfed's cause, cannot legislate change on this issue as it's not devolved to Wales. © Flickr – The National Assembly for Wales
The matter of public holidays is not devolved to Wales, meaning that the responsibility falls to the Westminster government. The main reason Westminster is against the notion of making St David's Day a national holiday is that it would 'not be supported by businesses' in Wales, fearing that small businesses in particular wouldn't welcome the change.
However, some Welsh citizens, like Elfed, are not happy to simply stick to the status quo. Bosses at Urdd Gobaith Cymru, a Welsh youth organisation, have taken the initiative to give all of their employees a day off for St David's Day, regardless of the government's decision:
O hyn ymlaen fydd Mawrth y 1af yn ddiwrnod swyddogol o wyliau i bob aelod staff @Urdd i ddathlu Dydd Gŵyl Dewi ????????????????????????????❤❗
St David's Day on 1 March will be an official holiday for every member of @Urdd staff as we aim to celebrate our national identity ????????????????????????????❤❗https://t.co/sWem1azASO
— Gwersyll Caerdydd (@GwersyllCdydd) January 17, 2019
Elfed supports such initiatives, saying: "A national holiday would be our opportunity to raise awareness of Welsh culture, and to showcase the best version of Wales to the rest of the world."
Implementing this change worldwide will not be an easy task, however. Although Elfed's petition hasn't reached enough signatures to be considered by Parliament, he remains positive that political change is possible.
Here's a quick look at the history of the campaign for St David's Day to become a national holiday:
activism, community, politics
'A final say is crucial': Labour members across Wales resist Brexit
Cardiff Council negotiates new affordable housing development
Around 200 students lose vote despite polling day protest
Architect students help to design a community garden
Order Order! Question Time! Public Husting in Riverside
Local librarians taking on Canton's litter problem
A West-Walian freelance journalist in Cardiff. Siarad Cymraeg. @elanfflurevans
Tweets by @intercardiff
Alzheimer's Society celebrates 40th anniversary
Self-taught Cardiff musician Tom Auton headlines Clwb Ifor Bach
Dogs with Jobs Day: Celebrating the positive impact of dogs on emotional wellbeing in Wales
As homelessness rises, Cardiff City Council cuts funding for homeless shelter
"Fly-tipping is completely unnecessary," says Cardiff Council. What can Splott do to prevent it?
Former Cardiff defender passes away at home on New Year's Day
'A little Gay History of Wales' book launch
How can Cardiff residents tackle the harmful effects of air pollution?


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Q: A bug ? Property in an extension of UIView I created an extension for the UIView:
import UIKit

extension UIView {

    var frameHeight : CGFloat {

        get {
            return self.frame.size.height
        }
        set(newHeight) {
            self.frame = CGRectMake(self.frame.origin.x, self.frame.origin.y,self.frame.size.width, newHeight)
        }
    }
}

Then I used this inside the method of my own UIView:
class MyView: UIView {

   func updateHeight() {

        self.frameHeight = 200.0
        setNeedsDisplay()
    }
}

I got a compile error:
While emitting IR SIL function @_TFC15Simple15MyView10updateHeightfS0_FT_T_ for 'updateHeight' at /MyView.swift:88:5
<unknown>:0: error: unable to execute command: Segmentation fault: 11
<unknown>:0: error: swift frontend command failed due to signal (use -v to see invocation)
Command /Applications/Xcode6-Beta3.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/swift failed with exit code 254

When I comment out the line self.frameHeight = 200.0, the compile error is gone.
Is it a bug? Or did I do something wrong? Thanks.

A: It works when I run it in a Playground and I don't see anything obviously wrong.
In any case, even if it is a bug in your code, it shouldn't crash the compiler. I think you should create a bug report with Apple.

A: You have to declare your func as mutating.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Thursday November 8th at 3:30 pm join L.E.Shore Library and 4 Canadian Division Training Center for a brief history presentation on the importance of Remembrance Day and why we have a moment of silence at 11:00 am. Come in and learn about our neighbouring military community.
Join us Thursday November 8th at 7:00pm for an exciting evening exploring the Milky Way with the Royal Astronomical Society.
The evening will begin at 7:00pm at the L.E. Shore Library with a lecture about the Milky Way, how our galaxy was formed, why it is shaped the way it is and where our solar systems fits in our home among the stars.
If weather permits the evening will close with a visit to the Carr Observatory (maps will be provided, must have own transportation) to have a look at the Milky Way and use the telescope to view the planets, galaxies and stars.
All ages. Space is limited. Please register below.


I make my own bread, and I just happen to have a loaf in the oven right now.
It rarely gets wasted around here, as what is left over from the loaf, I put in the oven to dry off for breadcrumbs.
The only other bread expression I can think of is 'bread always falls on the buttered side', meaning when something goes wrong it goes completely wrong.
Nearly time for a fresh slice of crusty bread!!
Buttered side down, every time.
My wife always tells me to go win some bread. I think she just wants me out of the house.
Several times my wife has said she wished I was 'brown bread', but I've no idea what she's on about.


ITM developed the White Tiger brand of formulas in 1993 for use in its clinical facilities and for prescription by practitioners who follow similar treatment protocols. The formulas rely on Western concepts of using dietary supplements and herbs, but were designed to be utilized within a Chinese medical health care approach. The name White Tiger was chosen because, in the Chinese system of classification, the white tiger is the representative of the West. The tiger is also representative of the potential stored within. A characteristic of the tiger is its stealth (remaining hidden), and the silent crouch that it holds (for as long as necessary) before striking vigorously. The formulations produced under the White Tiger label represent a Western approach to natural health care that store a huge amount of potential in a deceptively small space (compared to the volume of crude preparations). White Tiger formulations may incorporate vitamins, minerals, amino acids, enzymes, hormones, and other substances that have been determined to have a positive health benefit, as well as utilizing Chinese herbs and some Western herbs. They are made as large, yet easy to swallow, oval tablets of about 1 gram each, usually taken only 1 or 2 tablets at a time. Most of the ingredients are highly concentrated.
Berberine Plus supports normal blood functions in the body.
Bromelgin was designed to provide a high dose of bromelain, an enzyme that is mainly used for the treatment of injuries, disk problems, tendon inflammation (also, see its application for sinus inflammation in Mentholian).
This is a broad-spectrum nutritional supplement with virtually all the vitamins and minerals that have been identified as both necessary nutrients and items of therapeutic benefit in treatment of several disorders.
Digestive enzyme mixtures have become a commonly used means of addressing deteriorated digestive power that is associated with reduced secretion of digestive substances from the stomach, pancreas, and gallbladder.
epimedium (yinyanghuo) as an anti-hypertensive - Click above to read more!
The main alkaloids of sophora (ku shen), namely oxymatrine and matrine, have been used in China as an herbal drug for more than 25 years.
In modern practice of herbal medicine, prostate disorders (mainly benign prostatic hypertrophy, BPH) are often treated with one or more of the herbs seranoa (saw palmetti), pygeum, and pumpkin seed. The effectiveness of these herbs is demonstrated by several clinical studies.


The trail is above the creek which result in outstanding views of waterfowl.
Take I-15 south to I-805 south and take the Sweetwater Road exit in National City. Turn right at Sweetwater Road and then right at Plaza Bonita Road. You will see the Plaza Bonita Shopping Center parking area on the left. Meet at the far west corner of the parking lot near the Outback Steakhouse. Our walk will be along the Sweetwater River where we should see a good variety of waterfowl and other birds.


text:
US offers $1 million reward for info on Osama bin Laden's son
by Daily Sabah with Agencies
ISTANBUL Mar 01, 2019 - 1:09 am GMT+3
by Daily Sabah with Agencies Mar 01, 2019 1:09 am
The United States on Thursday offered a $1 million reward for information on a son of late al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden, seeing him as an emerging leader of the terrorist network.
The State Department described Hamza bin Laden as a "key leader" within al-Qaida who is growing in prominence within the U.S.-designated terror group.
Later on Friday, Saudi news outlets reported that the kingdom has stripped him of his citizenship.
The junior bin Laden has released audio and video messages on the internet calling for attacks against the West and has threatened revenge for his father's 2011 killing by U.S. forces, the department said in a statement.
The location of Hamza bin Laden has been the subject of speculation for years with reports of him in Pakistan, Afghanistan or under house arrest in Iran.
He was added to the U.S. counter-terrorism blacklist in 2017 for being an active propagandist of al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP). He is said to have married the daughter of Mohammed Atta, the lead hijacker in the Sept. 11 terror attacks on the U.S.
Osama bin Laden was killed at his Pakistani hideout by U.S. commandos in 2011 in a major blow to the al-Qaida terrorist group, which carried out the Sept. 11 attacks.
Bin Laden claimed responsibility for the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks on New York's Twin Towers, as well as the attack that day on the Pentagon.
Those attacks were carried out using three passenger planes hijacked by al-Qaida operatives. A fourth plane, bound for either the White House or the Capitol, crashed in a field in Pennsylvania after passengers attempted to retake it from the hijackers.
Nearly 3,000 people were killed that day, including citizens of roughly 77 countries.
Last Update: Mar 01, 2019 4:59 pm
Ukraine conflict, protests and Holi: Weekly top photos


Dynamical systems and chaos, computation & chaos, robust control, endogenous growth, robustness of economic modelling.
Controversial and stimulating opinions about Mathematics, Computing and the future of Mathemathical thought.
The Ancient Romans had Gods for just about everything!
Last modified 8th July, 2003.


100 Things about me. How many did you already know?
2. Donny Osmond was the first guy I wanted to marry.
3. Scott Baio was #2.
4. My first concert was Ratt.
5. I wanted 6 kids, but that was before I had 3.
6. I legally changed my middle name.
7. I only knew one of my four grandparents, and it was only briefly.
9. As I kid I always wanted a big brother, now that I found out I've got 3 I don't want any.
10. I own my own business.
11. My favorite TV channel is the History Channel.
12. Purple is my favorite color ever since Donny Osmond wore purple socks on the Donny & Marie show. Not because of Prince and Purple Rain as most may think.
13. My Mom wanted to name me Aurora Danielle.
14. Corn on the cob is my favorite veggie.
15. I have 3 tattoos and want more.
16. My first job was in a Deli.
17. I met my husband working as a nursing assistant when I was 17.
18. We miscarried our first baby.
19. I was in the delivery room when my niece was born.
20. I swear too much.
21. My Mom is my best friend.
22. Dimples are my weakness. Seriously….
23. I can't pass up a bargain.
24. I still do things to make my Mom proud of me.
25. I have 4 half brothers, 1 step sister, 1 full sister. Most times I feel like an only child and am okay with that.
26. I love reality TV.
27. I love watching it snow.
29. I'm a recovered addict.
30. I'm a survivor of sexual assult.
31. As a child a tornado went over our school as we were inside.
32. Michale LeClair was my first real crush, it last two years and started in 5th grade. All the while we were friends.
33. I stayed out once all night when I was 16 and was bored out of my mind. That's why it was only once.
34. I love raw milk right from the farm, ice cold.
35. This is harder than I thought it would be to come up with 100 things and I'm only on #35!
36. We named our kids all with the letter A.
37. I worked at the Mayo Clinic for 15 years.
38. I work at Shopko now.
40. I have one grandchild.
41. I wanted my granddaughter named after my Mom, because I always wished I had done it.
42. My father gave me the biggest gift. Acceptance at no cost.
43. I've been married nearly 21 years.
44. I always wanted my daughter to marry Danny. I even found myself on video saying that when they were 4 & 7.
45. I'm a terrible house keeper. That's not something you don't know, but it defines me pretty well.
46. I have many friends, but only 2 true ones.
47. I hate getting older.
48. I love styling hair.
51. I live vicariously through my skinny daughter.
52. I've never had my family's photo taken professionally. My weight was always my issue. I'm overcoming that fear/fact and scheduling an appointment next month.
54. I hate cold. It's a dilemma… believe me.
55. I don't have a favorite animal, I love them all. What a shock!
56. I love romantic vampire books.
57. I'm a Laurel K. Hamilton fan.
58. I hate doing laundry.
59. If I'm out of clean clothes, I will buy new ones if I am in need of something to wear someplace.
60. I've shaved my upper lip since I was 16.
62. I wish I spoke Italian.
63. I wish my family were bilingual.
64. We live paycheck to paycheck. Any one reading this start a savings now!
66. I'm generally lazy. I wish I could change that, but can't seem to.
67. I suffer from severe clinical depression as well as Dysthymia.
68. I have a panic disorder.
69. I was the only one with my Aunt when she passed away. It was horrible.
70. I come from a long line of dysfunctional families, but I think my own little family is quite normal.
71. I have a cyst on my tail bone that I have to drain periodically by myself.
72. I play cards in a club every month with other women.
73. My favorite super hero is a tie between Spiderman and Batman.
74. I was at the Bon Jovi concert when they filmed the video for 'Wanted Dead or Alive'.
75. I've seen KISS in concert 3 times.
76. I'd rather be inside than out on a summer day.
77. My husband and I still go on dates.
78. I love my husband more today than the day we were married.
79. I'm terrible about paying my bills on time.
80. I'll be 41 this August 11th.
81. I love counter cross stitch, just wish I had more time.
82. I had my tonsils out as an adult.
83. I've had a breast reduction.
84. I'd have gastric banding done if someone offered me the chance.
85. That said, I do have a fear of being thin and attractive.
88. I'm still friends with people I graduated with 23 years ago.
89. I have two friends that I've known nearly all my life. Well one literally and one since I was 3. We still keep in touch.
90. I need to go to church more.
91. I color away my gray hair.
92. I'm thankful I'm almost done.
93. I love to sing.
95. I don't like wearing horizontal stripes.
96. I love playing board and card games.
97. I think New Year's Eve is over rated. I will get together with friends and family, but never go out on that night.
98. I hate sleeping in pj's.
99. I believe I was a nudist in another life, and if I were thin, I'd probably be one in this life. Clothes are so constricting.
100. I cry when I sing or hear the national anthem.
~ by mamadubs on January 21, 2008.
we have some similarities for sure..and some differences..anyway, i cry too at #100! And i'm older than you!!
You are so good at this. You really should write a book. And you know I would not kid you about something like that. If I could come up with 100 things I even KNEW about myself, I think I could lend forgiveness to my heart.
Wow, Donny Osmond was the first person I wanted to marry too!


text:
By: the Editors of Publications International, Ltd.
Defensive end Reggie White was nicknamed the "Minister of Defense." See more pictures of football players.
Reggie White was an ordained Baptist minister, participated in several off-the-field humanitarian services for his community and church. However, on the field, that's another matter. No quarterback in the NFL would ever describe White's actions as "humanitarian."
Nicknamed the "Minister of Defense," White (born 1961) was the NFL's preeminent sack artist. He was the only NFL player to register double-digit sack totals in nine consecutive seasons (1985-93).
White's dominating play at defensive end for the Philadelphia Eagles (1985-92), the Green Bay Packers (1993-98), and Carolina Panthers (2000) earned him 13 Pro Bowl invitations.
After an outstanding career at the University of Tennessee, White began his pro football career in 1984 with the Memphis Showboats of the United States Football League.
Selected by the NFL's Eagles as their first-round choice in the supplemental draft of USFL players, he joined Philadelphia in the fourth week of the 1985 season.
White's NFL debut versus the New York Giants was nothing short of remarkable. The 6'5'', 300-pound terror recorded 2 1/2 sacks and deflected a pass that was intercepted by a teammate and returned for a touchdown.
In the strike-shortened 1987 season, White registered 21 sacks, just one short of the NFL record, despite appearing in just 12 games.
When it came to durability, White wrote the book. In his first 12 NFL seasons, he missed just one game, which came after he tore a hamstring in a December 10, 1995 game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers.
Thought to be lost for the season, White surprised everyone, including his doctors, when he suited up the following week for a pivotal game against the New Orleans Saints.
Not only did White finish the regular season, but he played throughout the Packers' playoff run that fell one game short of a Super Bowl appearance.
"It's just another situation where something miraculous happened to me again," White said, "and I thank God for it."
One year later, White led the Pack to victory in Super Bowl XXXI. For his efforts in 1998, White was named the NFL's Defensive Player of the Year for the fifth time.
Some six years later, the retired White died in his sleep, suffering cardiac arrhythmia at age 43. The five-year Hall of Fame waiting period was waived, and White was posthumously inducted into the Hall of Fame in 2006.
To learn more about football greats, see:
Great Football Players
Great Offensive Football Players
Great Defensive Football Players
Great Football Coaches

the Editors of Publications International, Ltd. "Reggie White" 3 August 2007.
HowStuffWorks.com. <https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/reggie-white-at.htm> 17 January 2021
Dick Lane
Bob Waterfield
Lance Alworth


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Home » TalkZone Talk Channel » The Conspiracy Show » JFK: 52 Years Later
JFK: 52 Years Later
November 22 marks the 52nd anniversary of the Death of President Kennedy, and we discuss the assasination and subsequent coverup with the organizer of the annual Oswald Conference. Then, Richard takes YOUR calls to hear your theory on the JFK assassination, the Watergate Coverup and other inconsistencies in the "Official Story."
The Conspiracy Show: JFK Assassination
Kris Millegan is a publisher, writer and musician. He is also the organizer of the Annual Oswald Conference and is the author of Fleshing Out Skull and Bones: Investigations into America's Most Powerful Secret Society. He will discuss the assassination of JFK, the subsequent Warren Commission Coverup and the fateful course of the Nation since the end of Camelot.
The Conspiracy Show: Open Lines with Richard
Richard takes YOUR calls to hear your theory on the JFK assassination, the Watergate Coverup and other inconsistencies in the "Official Story." This is your chance to be on the program and have your voice heard.
Kris Millegan
KRIS MILLEGAN is a publisher, writer and musician. After first working in 1999 with author/investigative reporter Daniel Hopsicker in producing, Barry and the 'boys': The CIA, the Mob and America's Secret History, Kris started TrineDay in 2000 as a vehicle to get suppressed books wider circulation.
With no shortage of spiked materials, TrineDay has grown to over 70 volumes in print, and has succeeded in achieving a wider distribution for suppressed works. The current catalog can be viewed at trineday.com. Kris also edited, and is an author of, Fleshing Out Skull and Bones: Investigations into America's Most Powerful Secret Society.
He is a prolific songwriter with two songs in National Lampoon's Last Resort. Kris lives in Walterville, Oregon.
TrineDay Publishing


For many exporters, a courier company is an important partner in the export process. At the very least, the courier company will ensure that important documents (such as contracts, transport documents, proposals, presentations, catalogues, brochures, etc.) get to the foreign customer safely. For a few exporters, however, a courier company may even be their preferred mode of distribution.
This is generally the case when you are exporting small, low-weight items of high value (and also not in very large quantities). For example, if you manufacture customised spare parts for machinery that are of a small size and of low weight, but that are essential to keep the machinery operating, then you may well decide to make use of a courier service. A courier service may also be worth using if you need to get a sample to a customer urgently. Although courier companies are generally considered to handle small packages, many of the large companies such as DHL are expanding their operations to handle any specialised urgent cargos!
For a more complete listing of courier companies in South Africa in a searchable database, go to: www.courierhelp.co.za.


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80% of startup money goes to 3 states — here's what one visionary is doing to help spread the wealth
"The Conscious Investor" is presented by Nuveen. Ross Baird is the president of Village Capital and the author of the "The Innovation Blind Spot: Why We Back the Wrong Ideas―and What to Do About It." Baird points out that only one percent of start-up investment goes to African Americans, only two percent of capital goes to women, and 80% of all funding goes to only three states. This leaves many entrepreneurs overlooked. Baird says if you are an entrepreneur that wants to change the world think small. He says pick a very specific problem that you see in your job, in your industry, in your neighborhood, and try and be excellent at solving that very specific problem.


Ubeyond started initially as professional network to host engaging conference to connect the professional world with students who are in need of guidance and mentorship. It was based on a conversation between community leaders and the need for quality mentorship networking in underserved communities.
Our first annual conference was hosted in 2013 followed by annual conferences and summits till 2018.
We updated our focus based on the the experience and feedback from the community. UBeyond is now focused on being present in communities to connect them with the professional world in meaningful and sustainable ways.


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Q: Objective-C library for accessing SVN Are there any Objective-C libraries available for accessing SVN repositories. It is a very difficult thing to Google for due to the high correlation on the words involved. I would like to use one in an OSX 10.6 application.

A: Just use Subversion set of C libraries. You can use them in a Cocoa/Objective-C application with no modifications at all.


This maroon blazer is one of the many souvenirs I picked up while studying abroad in Paris last year. It fit me perfectly with zero alterations, and was in perfect condition – bargain! It's too small to button, but who needs buttons anyway? I love the subtle pinstripes, it adds just a touch of visual interest.
After falling into an all-black rut, I've been attempting to add color back into my life, as well as texture and new shapes. I love this little round bowler hat, it's very on trend, being a hat, but it's different enough from the wide-brimmed hats I've been seeing around lately. It also reminds me of Magritte paintings.
It's so easy to layer more interesting pieces (such as a slim-cut blazer) over an all-black base – Add a square polkda dot and some baroque loafers, and the right balance is achieved. Not too boring, not too busy. I think this is my perfect outfit.
Polka Dot Blouse: Promod, ParisP.S.: 16 Days until I depart for France! Still have some shopping to do!


We just celebrated the first anniversary of being in our first home. It's been a long and wonderful year filled with excitement of decorating and customizing, exhaustion from the many ongoing projects, but most of all, a year filled with friends and family, all welcomed into our home with opened arms.
With each passing month, the con list grows shorter and the pro list gets longer and longer as we fall more in love with this house. God had picked out the perfect home for our family and while there are little things we would change (like raising the shower heads!) all in all, we couldn't have asked for a better first home.
Add window boxes to front bay window.


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Глухоманка — гора высотой 1593,5 м на Главном водоразделе горного хребта Сихотэ-Алинь в Приморском крае, на границе Тернейского и Красноармейского районов и Дальнегорского городского округа. Находится в 35 км к юго-востоку от села Мельничное, и в 70 км к северу от города Дальнегорск на водоразделе рек Большая Уссурка) и Серебрянка. Старое название – Лючихеза.

Геоморфология
Гора Глухоманка – вершина Центрального Сихотэ-Алиня, расположена на стыке хребта Дальний и главного водораздела Сихотэ-Алиня. Горный узел Глухоманки является самой северной и высокогорной областью Дальнегорского городского округа и высшей точкой Сихотэ-Алиньского заповедника. А также крайней западной точкой Тернейского района.

Глухоманка – обособленная вершина Центрального Сихотэ-Алиня, господствующая в радиусе 87 км. Именно такое расстояние до ближайшей превосходящей по высоте вершины – г. Лысая, расположенной к северо-востоку. На юго-запад же, ближайшая превосходящая по высоте вершина, г. Снежная находится только в 194 км.

Горный массив Глухоманки имеет куполовидный профиль, с крутыми склонами и широким покатым хребтом, осложнённым выступающими вершинками. На поверхности этого небольшого хребта распространены курумы. Неподалёку от Глухоманки находятся похожие изолированные горные массивы, меньшие по высоте – г. Памятка (1447 м) и г. Великомань (1332 м).

Высотная поясность
I.	Пояс кедрово-широколиственных лесов расположен у подножья восточного склона Глухоманки, на высоте до 700 м (верховья кл. Спорный). Леса, в которых роль лесообразователя выполняет кедр корейский, характеризуются многовидовым составом, сложным строением  и значительным участием в их сложении видов растений, характерных для широколиственных листопадных лесов Северного полушария. Пояс занимает незначительную площадь, уступая место более распространённым на горе пихтово-еловым и елово-берёзовым лесам.

II.	Пихтово-еловые леса образуют хорошо выраженный вертикальный пояс в пределах высот 600-1000 м над ур. м. В поясе пихтово-еловых лесов представлены фрагменты девственных формаций с участием реликтового древовидного рододендрона Фори и заманихи высокой.

III.	Пояс подгольцовой (субальпийской) растительности. В массиве Глухоманки располагается на высотах более 1000 м над уровнем моря. Подразделяется на: высокогорные пихтово-еловые и лиственничные леса и редколесья – 1000-1400 м над уровнем моря; стелющиеся леса из кедрового стланика и каменноберёзовое криволесье на высоте 1200-1600 м над ур. м.

IV.	Гольцово-тундровая (альпийская) растительность развита лишь на вершинном гребне Глухоманки, на высотах более 1400 м над ур. м.

Хозяйственная деятельность
В настоящее время вершина Глухоманки расположена на границе Сихотэ-Алиньского заповедника, в охранной зоне. В 7 км к югу от вершины находится перевал Поднебесный на автодороге Дальнереченск – Рощино – Пластун. В верховьях р. Иртыш (бассейн Большой Уссурки), на юго-западном склоне Глухоманки, ведутся лесозаготовки. На северных склонах в 1970 – 80 годах велись геологоразведочные работы. В 12 км к северо-востоку, в этот же период, работал рудник Лысогорский, на Лысогорском оловорудном месторождении.

Примечания

Ссылки

Горные вершины Приморского края
Горные вершины Сихотэ-Алиня
География Дальнегорска

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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