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Home History PIVARA SKOPJE MARKS 98 YEARS OF ITS EXISTENCE
PIVARA SKOPJE MARKS 98 YEARS OF ITS EXISTENCE
The registration of PIvara Skopje took place on 02.09.1922, at the headquarters of the Prague Credit Bank in Belgrade
The HAEMUS team would like to congratulate the 98 anniversary to our partners and big heritage supporters from the company Pivara Skopje A.D. The article is written by Vasilka Dimitrovska and Aleksandar Madjovski and it has been revised from HAEMUS's original scientific research project entitled "Study on the History of the Steam-Powered Brewery AD Skopje", commissioned and supported by Pivara Skopje AD.
The world's oldest known beer recipe comes from ancient Mesopotamia (Clay tablet today is exhibited in the British museum)
The beginnings of beer production are connected with the very beginnings of the cultivation of cereals and the transition from nomadic to sedentary lifestyle, ie with the very beginnings of civilization. This is evidenced by archaeological finds, the first historical cuneiform tablets from Mesopotamia, and ancient myths. The Sumerians sang the famous "Ninkasi Anthem", the goddess of beer, in which the then process of brewing beer was translated. According to the famous Egyptian myth of Osiris and Isis, the god Osiris was the one who civilized the people along the Nile River, giving them laws and teaching them to produce grain, barley, beer and wine. According to the same myth, when the soul of the deceased, called "ka", arrived in the afterlife, Osiris greeted her with bread and beer. It is known that the ancient Hellenes and Romans did not like beer very much and instead preferred wine. But the ancient sources state that beer was a favorite of their first neighbors – the Thracians, Paionians and Phrygians, ie the peoples who inhabited these areas, the area of today's Macedonia and neighboring regions.
The view of the Parna Pivara A.D. in Skopje' original factory
Little is known about beer production in the Balkans during the Middle Ages. It is known that in the late 19th and early 20th century domestic beer "Alovina" was produced. During that period, the penetration of European capital in the Balkans began, with beer production mainly associated with Austrian and, above all, Czech capital. In the country, the oldest brewery was called "Biraria", which was located in the area between Ognjan Prica Street and the church of St. Petka. However, the first production of beer for mass use begins with Parna Pivara AD. in Skopje.
Parna Pivara AD in Skopje officially started operating as a joint stock company on September 2, 1922 in Belgrade. This was preceded by an official announcement issued by the "Founders" at the end of August of the same year, when an advertisement was published in the "Official Gazette" inviting all those interested in subscribing to shares. Anyone who wanted to participate or invest in the future brewery had to pay in cash shares in the nominal value of 1,000 dinars.
The aerial view of the Parna Pivara AD. in Skopje
The registration of the shares took place on Saturday, September 2, 1922, at the headquarters of the Prague Credit Bank in Belgrade, and we find out this from the two-year research conducted by the team of Pivara Skopje, in cooperation with the Center for Scientific Research and Promotion of Culture – HAEMUS . While searching the archives in Belgrade, Zagreb and Sofia, the HAEMUS team found new data, artifacts and original documents on the company's history. One finding is part of news announcement where there is a call for official founding of the company.
The first original books of customers that the Museum of Pivara Skopje received as a gift with HAEMUS help from the State Archives of Macedonia – Skopje department.
The production of SKOPSKO started only after two years in August 1924. We find out that from the first original books of customers that the Museum of Pivara Skopje received as a gift from the State Archives of Macedonia – Skopje department. These old documents and artifacts are a testimony to the beginnings of SKOPSKO, one of the oldest brands in the country and the drink for every occasion, whether it is to refresh after a hard day, celebration or cheering for your favorite football team. The golden drink that identifies generations.
Today Pivara Skopje is a joint venture and part of the family of Coca-Cola HBC and HEINEKEN N.V.
The text has been adapted and partially revised from HAEMUS's original scientific research project entitled "Study on the History of the Steam-Powered Brewery AD Skopje", commissioned and supported by Pivara Skopje AD.
Previous articleHAEMUS's "Grandma March Day" among the best European Heritage Stories for 2020
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HAEMUS - center for scientific research and promotion of the culture, endorses historical and archaeological research, exploration, education, popularization, promotion and management of the cultural heritage of the Balkan peninsula as a mutual benefit from the past.
HAEMUS part of the Shared cultural heritage, factor for intercultural dialogue in the Balkans debate


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India's Jet Airways reportedly will not be able to fly beyond 60 days
Published Fri, Aug 3 20181:39 AM EDT Updated Fri, Aug 3 20181:39 AM EDT
The management team has reportedly informed employees in Mumbai and Delhi that the airline's financials are in a bad shape and drastic measures needed to be taken to cut costs.
The airline is facing challenges including a surge in fuel prices, weaker rupee and intensifying competition.
Shares of the company fell more than 5 percent in early trade in Mumbai.
Jet Airways chairman Naresh Goyal at a joint press conference by Jet and Etihad on July 23, 2014 in New Delhi, India.
Mint | Hindustan Times | Getty Images
Jet Airways (India)
will be unable to fly beyond 60 days unless cost-cutting measures including pay cuts are put in place, and it has approached investment bankers again to help sell a stake in the carrier, local media reports said on Friday.
The management team, including Chairman Naresh Goyal, has informed employees in face-to-face meetings in recent days in Mumbai and Delhi that the airline's financials are in a bad shape and drastic measures needed to be taken to cut costs, the Economic Times daily reported, citing two company executives.
Jet Airways was not immediately available for comment when contacted by Reuters.
"In line with its stated focus of creating a healthier and a more resilient business, Jet Airways has been implementing several measures to help it reduce cost as well as realise higher revenues, for desired business efficiencies," the company said in response to Economic Times without specifically mentioning the 60-day deadline given to employees.
Separately, newspaper Mint reported that Jet Airways has approached investment bankers again to help sell a stake in the carrier, citing two people with direct knowledge of the matter.
The airline is facing several challenges including a surge in fuel prices, weaker rupee and intensifying competition.
"Jet Airways is looking to raise immediate cash and the transaction may include Jet Airways founder Naresh Goyal offloading a part of the promoter's stake in the company," one of the sources told Mint on condition of anonymity.
Earlier in the week, several media reported that Jet Airways had asked its employees to take a pay cut of up to 25 percent due to rising costs.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When I was a kid it was all stuffed animals and special chairs. But the neighbor kid likes to play with Apple TV remotes, Magic Keyboards and mice.
The 'hood is about to get a new resident. One of the neighbors is majorly preggers, as in due any second now, and since she and her husband already have one on the deck, Herself and I have become part of a small army of folks drafted into service as amateur anklebiter monitors in case the deal goes down in the wee small hours.
In loco parentis, as it were, with an emphasis on the "loco" part.
The one underfoot is a cute lil' munchkin, freshly hatched when we first viewed the property that would become El Rancho Pendejo, and we've watched her go from wide-eyed newborn to astoundingly sentient being in two short years. She and mom pop round for regular visits, mostly so the kid can see Mister Boo and lay curious hands upon bits of technology that some careless person leaves lying around where pretty much anyone, no matter how short, can glom onto it.
In a couple months I expect she'll be editing my columns, unless she gets distracted by her new little sister.
Elsewhere, my man Hal Walter is soliciting recommendations for a budget Windows laptop. His son, Harrison, is addicted to the game Minecraft, and I guess the PC world beats Apple at this sort of thing.
I know even less about Minecraft and Windows than I do about everything else, especially children and the care and feeding thereof, so if anyone out there has some suggestions for Hal, feel free to leave 'em in comments.


text:
Acinetobacter venetianus is a species of bacteria notable for degrading n-alkanes. It harbours plasmids carrying sequences similar to the Pseudomonas oleovorans  alkane hydroxylase gene alkBFGH. Its potential for bioremediation is an active research topic, particularly its role in the production of the bioemulsifier emulsan. Its type strain is RAG-1T(=ATCC 31012T=CCUG 45561T=LMG 19082T=LUH 3904T=NIPH 1925T).

References

Further reading

External links

Type strain of Acinetobacter venetianus at BacDive -  the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase

Moraxellaceae
Bacteria described in 1997

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Potentate visits Chico Shrine Club | Snapshot
The Chico Shrine Club hosted Ben Ali Shrine Potentate Chris Chediak (left) and First Lady Janet Chediak at a luncheon at the Chico Masonic Family Center on Saturday, June 15. The potentate is the leader of the Ben Ali Shrine, which serves local Shriner clubs in 23 inland counties in Northern California. Chico Shrine Club President Larry Willis (center) presented donations raised through local fundraising of $4,000 for the Shriners Hospital for Children — Northern California, and $500 for the hospital's patient transportation fund.
How to submit a snapshot
Snapshots, reader-submitted photos of community events, are published Monday. They may include service projects, guest speakers at club meetings, awards being presented or kids doing school projects. Just make sure there are people in the photo — no more than 12 — and keep it current. Send a high-resolution JPG with a paragraph explaining the content of the photo: who (in left-to-right order with last names), what, where, when and why to snapshots@chicoer. Non-digital submissions may not be accepted. We can't accept photos about businesses, private events or those adorable pet photos.
Horoscopes: July 16, 2019
What's happening Tuesday in Oroville
What's happening Tuesday in the north valley
Alzheimer's workshop requires pre-registration


At the South China Morning Post, Kristin Huang reports that some Chinese foreign policy experts are urging Beijing to strengthen its military role in the Middle East in effort to protect its expanding interests in the turbulent geopolitical region. China has long been dedicated to non-interference, but recent moves—such as the August 14 signing of military aid and training deal with Syria, the recent announcement from China's defense ministry of willingness to strengthen military relations with Saudi Arabia, or the ongoing construction of China's first overseas military base in Djibouti—suggest that Beijing is increasingly willing to bend that policy in its dealings with the region.
Until recently, Beijing's foreign policy in the Middle East has been overwhelmingly concerned with building relationships with governments while avoiding any overt demonstrations of influence. But that reluctance is fading.
[…] Observers said the stepped up engagement in the region reflected Beijing's increasing eagerness to take a stake in global affairs and ensure its construction projects or other investments remained protected in conflict zones.
[…] Chinese suppression in Xinjiang, especially after the interethnic riots and violence in the capital, Urumqi, in July 2009, has resulted in the development of what Chinese state media has dubbed an "underground railway" of Uighurs seeking to flee the region. Some of those have ultimately found their way to Turkey and onward to Syria to fight with TIP and other jihadist groups. By 2015, TIP had established a well-documented presence on the battlefield in Syria, with the group releasing a number of videos detailing its combat role fighting alongside Jabhat al-Nusra, until recently Al Qaeda's affiliate in Syria. (TIP does not fight alongside ISIS; its leadership has released statements in which it condemns ISIS's activities.) TIP is increasingly showing itself to be an effective force, participating in many major fights (including the breaking of the Aleppo siege) and showing off its skill, manpower and equipment.
[…] China has made similar moves closer to home. This year, it pledged equipment and counterterrorism training for Afghan police with the aim of containing ETIM. It has also expanded its role as a mediator, welcoming both President Ashraf Ghani and Taliban representatives to China on visits and brokering low-level talks between the sides.
[…] China has been sensitive to international criticism of its policies in Xinjiang while casting itself as a target of terrorism similar to Western countries. It has successfully lobbied the United States, the European Union, Russia, Britain and other governments to recognize the Turkistan Islamic Party as a terrorist organization.


text:
Il wiffleball è uno sport, simile al baseball, che si pratica su campi all'aperto o al coperto.

Storia
Questo gioco fu ideato dallo statunitense David N. Mullany a Fairfield nel Connecticut nel 1953; è stato ideato principalmente per poter giocare a baseball anche d'inverno, senza dover spendere troppo in palle di cuoio, molto costose e facilmente rovinabili con l'acqua.

Regole
Si gioca in un campo ridotto con palline di plastica bucate e mazze anch'esse di plastica. L'area di strike non è né a discrezione dell'arbitro né definita dal battitore ma è sempre fissa e corrisponde ad un pannello posto dietro al battitore. Se la palla colpisce il pannello è strike, altrimenti no. Le regole generali rimangono sostanzialmente uguali al baseball (strike, inning, out) anche se subiscono alcune modifiche. Per l'eliminazione di un corridore dopo la battuta basta bloccare la palla e non serve lanciarla su un sacchetto. Un corridore già sulle basi invece si può eliminare colpendolo con la pallina quando non è su un sacchetto. Nel wiffleball le squadre sono da 5 persone, solo tre però vanno in difesa: il lanciatore e due difensori.

Note

Voci correlate
Baseball

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Sport di squadra


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text:
\section{Introduction}

Two unsolved important issues in particle physics and cosmology are why there is more matter
than antimatter in the present Universe and what is the origin of dark matter.
In this paper, we propose a model to address both  of those problems and show that they can be solved by means of a common origin..

One of the most popular models to accommodate the right amount of baryon asymmetry in the present
Universe is so-called leptogenesis \cite{lepto}, which is realized in the context of seesaw mechanism
\cite{seesaw}, and thus
the smallness of neutrino masses and the baryon asymmetry can be simultaneously achieved.
However, the typical leptogenesis demands rather large scale of the right-handed Majorana neutrino mass,
which makes it impossible to probe in present experimental laboratories.
To lower the scale of leptogenesis, we have recently proposed a variant of seesaw mechanism
\cite{kk} and showed that the required leptogenesis is allowed at a low scale even a few TeV scale
without imposing the tiny mass
splitting between two heavy Majorana neutrinos required in the resonant leptogenesis \cite{reso}.
The main point of our model previously proposed is to introduce an equal number of  gauge singlet neutrinos in addition to the heavy right-handed singlet neutrinos. In our scenario, there exist new Yukawa interactions
mediated by singlet Higgs sector which is coupled with the extra singlet neutrinos and
the right-handed singlet neutrinos.
As shown in \cite{kk}, the new Yukawa interactions may play a crucial role in enhancing the lepton
asymmetry, so that low scale leptogenesis can be achieved.

On the other hand, it is worthwhile to examine if those new
particles, either the newly introduced singlet neutrinos or singlet
scalar bosons, can be a dark matter candidate because  any kind of
neutral, stable and weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) can
be regarded as a good candidate for dark matter. While light singlet
neutrinos with mass of order MeV or keV have been considered as a
warm dark matter candidate \cite{warm}, heavy singlet neutrinos with
mass of order 100 GeV as a dark matter candidate have not been
studied much in detail. While the cold dark matter (CDM) models
supplemented by a cosmological constant are in a good agrement with
the observed structure of the Universe on large scales, the cosmic
microwave background anisotropies and type Ia supernovae
observations for a given set of density parameters, there exists a
growing wealth of observational data which are in conflict with the
CDM scenarios \cite{cdm}. To remedy the difficulties of the CDM
models on galactic scales, a self-interacting dark matter candidate
has been proposed \cite{self, scalarDM, SDM1}, and it has been
discussed that a gauge singlet scalar coupled to the Higgs boson,
leading to an invisible decaying Higgs, is a good candidate for the
self-interacting dark matter \cite{sh, sh2, sh3}.

In this paper, we will show that either the new gauge singlet
neutrinos or singlet scalar bosons, which play an important role in
enhancing the lepton asymmetry so that the low scale leptogenesis is
realized, can be a good candidate for dark matter. For our purpose,
we will first present how the enhancement of the lepton asymmetry
through the mediation of the newly introduced particles in our
framework can be achieved and then will show that the new
gauge singlet particles with the parameter space in consistent with
low scale leptogenesis can be satisfied with the criteria on the
candidate for dark matter. We will investigate possibilities of dark
matter detection through the scattering off the nucleus of the
detecting material. In addition, we will study how we can probe our
scenarios at high energy colliders and present that the search for
the invisible Higgs decay may  serve as a probe of dark matter
properties.

\section{Extended Seesaw Model and Low Scale Leptogenesis}
We begin by explaining what the extended seesaw model is and examine
how low scale leptogenesis can be realized in this context. The
Lagrangian we propose is given in the charged lepton basis as \begin{eqnarray}
{\cal L}_f=Y_{\nu_{ij}} \bar{\nu}_i H  N_j+M_{R_{ij}}N_iN_i+
Y_{S_{ij}} \bar{N}_i\Phi S_j
  -m_{S_{ij}} S_i S_j +h.c. \label{lag1}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\nu_i,~N_i,~S_i$ stand for SU(2)$_L$ doublet, right-handed
singlet and newly introduced singlet neutrinos, respectively.
$Y_{\nu_{ij}}$, $Y_{S_{ij}}$,  $M_{R_{ij}}$ represent Dirac Yukawa coupling matrix,
Singlet Yukawa coupling matrix and Heavy Majorana neutrino mass matrix, respectively.
And $H$ and $\Phi$ denote the SU(2)$_L$ doublet and singlet Higgs
scalars. Here, we impose $Z_2$ symmetry under which  $S_i$ and
$\Phi$ are odd and all other particles even, which makes this model
different from the extended double seesaw model proposed in
\cite{kk} even though the contents of particles are the same.
The immediate consequence of the exact $Z_2$ symmetry is that
the lightest $S_i$ or $\Phi$ can be a candidate for the cold dark matter
of the Universe.

Due to the exact $Z_2$ symmetry, the singlet scalar
field $\Phi$ can not drive a vacuum expectation value. Thus, in this
model, light neutrino masses are generated by typical seesaw
mechanism, which makes this model different from the model in \cite{kk}.
After integrating out the right-handed heavy neutrino
sector $N_R$ in the above Lagrangian,
 the light  neutrino masses are given by
 \begin{eqnarray}
  m_\nu =\frac{(Y_{\nu}  v_{_{\rm EW}})^2}{4M_R}, \label{seesaw}
 \end{eqnarray}
where we omitted the indices of
the mass matrix and Dirac Yukawa coupling, and $v_{_{\rm EW}} = 246$ GeV
is the Higgs vacuum expectation value. Although the absolute values
of three neutrino masses are unknown, their
masses are expected to be of order of $\sqrt{\Delta m^2
_{atm}} \simeq 0.05$ eV and $\sqrt{\Delta m^2 _{atm}} \simeq 0.01$
eV, provided that the mass spectrum of neutrinos is hierarchical.
There is also a bound on neutrino masses coming from WMAP
observation, which is $m_\nu \lesssim 0.23$ eV.
Thus it is interesting to see how the neutrino
masses of order of $0.01 \sim 0.1$ eV can be obtained in our
scenario. Such light neutrino masses can be generated through seesaw formula Eq. (\ref{seesaw}),
if we take, as an
example, $Y_{\nu}$ and $M_R$ to be of order
$10^{-6}$ and $10^4$ GeV, respectively.

Now, let us consider how low scale leptogenesis can be achieved by
the decay of the lightest right-handed Majorana neutrino in our
framework.
Right handed heavy
Majorana neutrinos are even under $Z_2$ symmetry, so that they can decay into a
pair of the singlet particles, $\Phi$ and $S$, or the standard model Higgs
and the lepton doublet.
Since the Yukawa couplings $(Y_S)_{2(3)i}$ are taken to be large,
the processes involving $N_{2,3}$ remain in thermal equilibrium
even at $T\simeq M_{R_1}$, and thus the decays of $N_{2,3}$ can not
lead to the desired baryon asymmetry.
However, the decay processes of the lightest right-handed Majorana neutrino $N_1$ depart
from thermal equilibrium at $T\lesssim M_{R_1}$, and thus lead to the desired baryon asymmetry

It will be  shown that there exists a new contribution to
the lepton asymmetry which is mediated by the extra singlet
neutrinos $S_i$ and  scalar boson $\Phi$, and successful
leptogenesis can be realized with rather light right-handed Majorana
neutrino masses which can escape the gravitino problem encountered
in supersymmetric standard model. Without loss of generality, we can
rotate and rephase the fields to make the mass matrices $M_{R_{ij}}$
and $m_{S_{ij}}$ real and diagonal. In this basis, the elements of
$Y_\nu$ and $Y_S$ are in general complex. The lepton number asymmetry
required for baryogenesis is given by
\begin{eqnarray}\epsilon_{1} &=& -\sum_i\left[\frac{\Gamma(N_1
\to \bar{l_i}\bar{H}) - \Gamma(N_1 \to l_iH) }{\Gamma_{\rm
tot}(N_1)}\right] ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $N_1$ is the lightest right-handed neutrino and $\Gamma_{\rm
tot}(N_1)$ is the total decay rate. Thanks to the new Yukawa
interactions, there is a new contribution of the diagram which
corresponds to the self energy correction of the vertex arisen due
to the new Yukawa couplings with singlet neutrinos and Higgs
scalars.
\begin{figure} [t] \centerline{\epsfig{figure=Fig-01.eps, scale=0.5}} \caption{ Diagrams contributing to the lepton asymmetry.}\end{figure}
Fig. 1 shows the structure of the diagrams contributing
to $\epsilon_1$. Assuming that the masses of the Higgs scalars and the newly
introduced singlet neutrinos are much smaller compared to that of
the right-handed neutrino, to leading order, we have
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:vv}
\Gamma_{\rm tot}(N_i)={(Y_\nu Y_\nu^\dagger+Y_SY_S^\dagger)_{ii}
\over 4\pi}M_{R_i}
\end{equation}
so that
\begin{equation}
\epsilon_1 = \frac{1}{8\pi} \sum_{k\ne 1} \left( [ g_V(x_k)+
g_S(x_k)]{\cal T}_{k1} + g_S(x_k){\cal S}_{k1}\right),
\end{equation}
where $Y_{\nu}$ and $Y_S$ are given in the basis where $M_R$ and $M_S$ are diagonal,
$g_V(x)=\sqrt{x}\{1-(1+x) {\rm ln}[(1+x)/x]\}$,
$g_S(x)=\sqrt{x_k}/(1-x_k) $ with $x_k=M_{R_k}^2/M_{R_1}^2$ for
$k\ne 1$,
\begin{equation}
  \label{eq:vv}
{\cal T}_{k1}={{\rm Im}[(Y_\nu Y_\nu^\dagger)_{k1}^2]
 \over (Y_\nu Y_\nu^\dagger +Y_S Y_S^\dagger)_{11}}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
{\cal S}_{k1}={{\rm Im}[(Y_\nu Y_\nu^\dagger)_{k1}(Y_S^\dagger
Y_S)_{1k}]
 \over (Y_\nu Y_\nu^\dagger +Y_S Y_S^\dagger)_{11}}.
\end{equation}
Notice that the term proportional to ${\cal S}_{k1}$ comes from the
interference between the tree-level diagram with the new
contribution.

In particular, for $x\simeq 1$, the vertex contribution to
$\epsilon_1$ is much smaller than the contribution of the
self-energy diagrams and the asymmetry $\epsilon$ is resonantly
enhanced, and we do not consider this case.
 To see how much the new contribution may be important in this case, for simplicity,
 we consider a particular situation where $M_{R_1}\simeq M_{R_2} < M_{R_3}$,
 so that the effect of $N_3$ is negligibly small.
 In this case, the asymmetry
 can be written as
 \begin{eqnarray}
 \epsilon_1 & \simeq & -\frac{1}{16\pi}\left[
           \frac{M_{R_2}}{v^2}\frac{Im[(Y^{\ast}_{\nu}m_{\nu}Y^{\dagger}_{\nu})_{11}]}
           {(Y_{\nu}Y^{\dagger}_{\nu}+Y_SY^{\dagger}_S)_{11}} \right. \nonumber \\
      & &     \left.+\frac{\sum_{k\ne 1} Im[(Y_{\nu}Y^{\dagger}_{\nu})_{k1}(Y_SY_S^{\dagger})_{1k}]}
                   {(Y_{\nu}Y^{\dagger}_{\nu}+Y_SY^{\dagger}_S)_{11}}\right]R~,
                   \label{epsilon2}
 \end{eqnarray}
where $R$ is a resonance factor defined by $R \equiv
|M_{R_1}|/(|M_{R_2}|-|M_{R_1}|)$. For successful leptogenesis, the
size of the denominator of $\epsilon_1$ should be constrained by the
out-of-equilibrium condition, $\Gamma_{N_1} < \mbox{H}|_{T=M_{R_1}}$ with
the Hubble expansion rate $\mbox{H}$, from which the corresponding upper
bound on the couplings $(Y_S)_{1i}$ reads
$\sqrt{\sum_i|(Y_S)_{1i}|^2}<3\times
10^{-4}\sqrt{M_{R_1}/10^9(\mbox{GeV})}$.
Then, the first term of Eq. (\ref{epsilon2}) is bounded as
$(M_{R_2}/16\pi v^2)\sqrt{\Delta m_{atm} ^2}R$. So if the first term of
Eq. (\ref{epsilon2}) dominates over the second one, $R\sim10^{6-7}$
is required to achieve TeV scale leptogenesis, which implies severe
fine-tuning. However, since the size of $(Y_S)_{2i}$ is not
constrained by the out-of-equilibrium condition, large value of
$(Y_S)_{2i}$ is allowed for which the second term of Eq.
(\ref{epsilon2}) can dominate over the first one and thus the size
of $\epsilon_1$ can be enhanced.
For example, if we assume that $(Y_\nu)_{2i}$ is aligned to $(Y_S ^*)_{2i}$, $i.e.$
 $(Y_S)_{2i} = \kappa (Y_\nu ^*)_{2i}$ with constant $\kappa$, the upper limit of the second term of
 Eq. (\ref{epsilon2}) is given in terms of $\kappa$ by $|\kappa|^2 M_{R_2}\sqrt{\Delta m^2 _{atm}}R/16\pi v^2$,
 and then we can achieve the successful low scale leptogenesis by taking rather large value of $\kappa$,
 instead of imposing very tiny mass splitting between $M_{R_1}$ and
 $M_{R_2}$.
The right amount of the asymmetry, $\epsilon_1\sim
10^{-6}$, can be obtained for $M_{R_1}\sim 10^4\, \mbox{GeV}$,
provided that $\kappa=(Y_S)_{2i}/(Y_{\nu})^{\ast}_{2i}\sim 10^{3}$
and $M^2 _{R_2}/M^2 _{R_1}\sim 10$.
We {\it emphasize} that
such a requirement for the hierarchy between $Y_{\nu}$ and $Y_S$ is
much less severe than the required fine-tuning of the mass splitting
between two heavy Majorana neutrinos to achieve the successful
leptogenesis at low scale.

The generated B-L asymmetry is given by  $Y^{\rm SM}_{\rm B-L}=-\eta
\epsilon_1 Y^{eq}_{N_1}$, where $Y^{eq}_{N_1}$ is the number density
of the right-handed heavy neutrino at $T \gg M_{R_1}$ in thermal
equilibrium given by $Y^{eq}_{N_1}\simeq
\frac{45}{\pi^4}\frac{\zeta(3)}{g_{\ast}k_B} \frac{3}{4}$ with
Boltzmann constant $k_B$ and the effective number of degree of
freedom $g^{\ast}$. The efficient factor $\eta$ can be computed
through a set of coupled Boltzmann equations which take into account
processes that create or washout the asymmetry. To a good
approximation the efficiency factor depends on the effective
neutrino mass $\tilde{m}_1$ given in the presence of the new Yukawa
interactions with the coupling $Y_S$ by
\begin{eqnarray}
\tilde{m}_1=\frac{(Y_{\nu}Y^{\dagger}_{\nu}+Y_SY^{\dagger}_S)_{11}
}{M_{R_1}}v^2.
\end{eqnarray}
In our model, the new process of type $S\Phi \rightarrow lH$ will
contribute to wash-out of the produced B-L asymmetry. The process
occurs mainly through virtual $N_{2,3}$ exchanges  because
the Yukawa couplings $(Y_S)_{2(3)i}$ are taken to be large in our
model and the rate is proportional to
$M_{R_1}|Y_SY_{\nu}^{\ast}/M_{R_{2,3}}|^2$.
Effect of the wash-out can be easily estimated from the fact that it
looks similar to the case of the typical seesaw model if  $M_{R_1}$
is replaced with $M_{R_1}(Y_S/Y_{\nu})^2$. It turns out that the
wash-out factor for $(Y_S)_{1i}\sim (Y_\nu)_{1i}$,
$(Y_S)_{2i}/(Y_{\nu})_{2i}\sim 10^3$ and $M_{R_1}\sim 10^4$ GeV is
similar to the case of the typical seesaw model with  $M_{R_1}\sim
10^4$ GeV and $\tilde{m}_1\simeq 10^{-3}$ eV, and is estimated so
that $\epsilon_{1} \sim 10^{-6}$ can be enough to explain the baryon
asymmetry of the Universe provided that the initial lightest right-handed neutrino is thermal \cite{Buchmuller}.

\section{Investigation of possible Dark Matter Candidates}

Now, let us examine if either the newly introduced singlet Majorana neutrino or
the singlet scalar boson can be a candidate for dark matter.
For our purpose, in addition to the lagrangian ${\cal L}_f$ given in Eq. (\ref{lag1}),
we allow quartic scalar interactions for the scalar sectors.
Then, the lagrangian we consider is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
 {\cal L}&=&{\cal L}_f +\frac{1}{2}\left(\partial_{\mu} \Phi \right)^2- \frac{1}{2}m^2_{\Phi^0} \Phi ^2
 - \frac{\lambda_s}{4} \Phi^4
- \lambda H^{\dagger}H \Phi^2. ~\label{lg2}
\end{eqnarray}
Note that the self-interacting coupling of the singlet scalar $\lambda_s$ is
largely unconstrained and thus can be chosen arbitrarily. But, we assume
that it should not be so large that the perturbation breaks down.
As mentioned before, in order to guarantee the stability of the dark matter candidate, we
impose $Z_2$ discrete symmetry under which all the standard model (SM) particles are even whereas the singlet
Majorana neutrinos $S_i$ and singlet scalar boson $\Phi$ are odd.
In addition, we demand that the scalar potential
is bounded from below so as to guarantee the existence of a vacuum
and the minimum of the scalar potential must spontaneously break the
electroweak gauge group, $<H^0>\neq 0$, but must not break $Z_2$
symmetry imposed above.
After breaking the electroweak gauge symmetry, the singlet scalar $\Phi$- dependent part
of the scalar potential is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
V=\frac{1}{2}(m^2_{\Phi^0}+\lambda v_{_{\rm EW}}^2)\Phi^2
+\frac{\lambda_s}{4}\Phi^4+ \lambda v_{_{\rm EW}} \Phi^2 h+
\frac{\lambda}{2}\Phi^2 h^2, ~\label{sp}
\end{eqnarray}
where we have adopted $\sqrt{2}H^{\dagger}=(h,0)$ and shifted the
Higgs boson $h$ by $h\rightarrow h+v_{_{\rm EW}}$, where $v_{_{\rm EW}}=246$
GeV is the Higgs vacuum expectation value. The physical mass of
$\Phi$, $m_{\Phi}$, is then given by $m^2_{\Phi^0}+\lambda
v_{_{\rm EW}}^2$. We assume that the spectrum of the singlet neutrinos
$S_i$ is not degenerate and  two heavier ones $S_{2,3}$ are so much
heavier than {\bf $S_1$}  that  they could not be dark matter
candidates. Here, we notice that only the lightest odd particle
(LOP) under $Z_2$ can be a candidate for dark  matter in our
scenario because the next lightest odd particle (NOP) can be decayed
into the LOP by the cascade decay, as shown in Fig. 2.

\begin{figure} [t]
\centerline{\epsfig{figure=Fig-02.eps, scale=0.4}} \caption{ Cascade decays of NOP to
LOP : (a) case for $m_S < m_{\Phi}$, (b) case for $m_{\Phi}< m_S$
}\end{figure}

Since there are two kinds of odd particles under $Z_2$ in our scenario,
we can classify two possible candidates for dark matter according to which particle is the LOP.
One is the case that the singlet Majorana neutrinos $S_1$ is the LOP and the other is that $\Phi$ is the LOP.
As will be clearer later, the primordial abundance of dark matter candidate is predicted as a function of
masses and coupling $\lambda$.
Thus, imposing the preferred values of $\Omega_{DM} h^2$ observed from WMAP,
$0.094<\Omega_{DM} h^2 <0.128$ \cite{CMB1,CMB2}, we can get a strong relation between mass of dark matter candidate
and coupling $\lambda$.

\subsection{ Singlet Neutrino $S$ as a Dark Matter Candidate}

The singlet neutrino $S_1$  can be a dark matter candidate, provided
that $m_{S_1} \lesssim m_{\Phi}$. We omit the generation index $1$
of $S_1$ hereafter. To estimate the relic abundance of the singlet
neutrino $S$ at a freeze-out temperature $x_f=m_S/T_f$ , we need to know the annihilation processes\cite{EU}. There are two possible
annihilation processes of the singlet neutrino, one is happened at
loop level and the other is mediated by $\Phi$.
But, both possibilities are not relevant
to fit the required present relic density of the dark matter because
the annihilation cross section for the dark matter candidate $S$ is too small, therefore,
these processes would predict too much relic abundance of $S$.
However, it is well known that if
the mass of NOP is close to that of LOP, it would not be decoupled
from thermal equilibrium at the freeze-out temperature of the LOP
and thus influences the relic abundance of LOP \cite{coan}. We call
this {\it coannihilation} \cite{coan} and this mechanism lowers the present day
relic density of $S$ in this scenario.
It turns out that  in our scenario if $\delta m = m_{\Phi} - m_S \approx T_f$,
annihilation processes of the NOP into
a pair of the SM particles through the s-channel,
as shown in Fig. 3, can significantly affect the relic abundance of
$S$ to be appropriately reduced.

\begin{figure} [t] \centerline{\epsfig{figure=Fig-03.eps, scale=0.4}}\caption{Diagram for
annihilation processes of the singlet scalar bosons $\Phi$} \end{figure}

With the help of the standard formulae for calculating relic abundance of $s$-wave annihilation
\cite{EU},
\begin{eqnarray}
\Omega_S h^2 = \frac{(1.07\times 10^9) x_f \mbox{GeV}^{-1}}{g^{1/2} _* M_{pl}\int^{\infty}_{x_f}
                 <\sigma_{{\rm eff}}v_{\rm rel}>x^{-2}dx}, \label{omega}
\end{eqnarray}
we can estimate the present relic density of singlet Majorana neutrino $S$.
Here $g_*$ is the degrees of freedom in equilibrium at annihilation, and $x_f=m_{\rm LOP}/T_f$ is the inverse freeze-out
temperature in units of $m_{\rm LOP}$,  which can be determined by solving the equation
\begin{eqnarray}
x_f\simeq \ln \left(0.038g_{{\rm eff}}(g_{\ast}\cdot x_f)^{-1/2}M_{Pl}m_{\rm LOP}<\sigma_{{\rm eff}} v_{{\rm rel}}>\right), \label{xf}
\end{eqnarray}
where $< >$ means the relevant thermal average,
$g_{{\rm eff}}=\sum_i g_i(m_i/m_{\rm LOP})^{3/2}e^{-(m_i-m_{\rm LOP})/T} $ with the number of degree of freedom $g_i$
for $i=(S, \Phi)$,
and $\sigma_{{\rm eff}}$ is the effective cross section defined in \cite{coan}.
On calculating $\Omega_S h^2$, we have used the \emph{micrOMEGAs 2.0} program \cite{micro}.
The dominant contribution to $\sigma_{{\rm eff}}$ in this case is the pair annihilation cross section of
the heavier particle $\Phi$.
Since it is $T_f \sim 0.04\, m_\Phi$ that the annihilation of $\Phi$ is important, what we need to know is
the non-relativistic annihilation cross section.  In the non-relativistic limit, s-channel annihilation of $\Phi$
via Higgs exchange is given by \cite{sh},
\begin{eqnarray}
\sigma_{ann}v_{\rm rel}=\frac{8\lambda^2v^2_{_{\rm EW}}}{(4m^2_{\Phi}-m^2_h)^2+m^2_h\Gamma_h^2}F_X,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\Gamma_h$ is the total Higgs decay rate, and $F_X=\lim_{m_{\tilde{h}}\rightarrow 2m_{\Phi}}
\left(\frac{\Gamma_{\tilde{h}X}}{m_{\tilde{h}}} \right)$ with the partial rate for decay $\tilde{h}\rightarrow X$, for a virtual Higgs $\tilde{h}$.
Requiring $\Omega_S h^2$ to be in the region measured from WMAP,
$0.094<\Omega h^2 <0.128$ \cite{CMB1, CMB2}, we can obtain a relation between the coupling $\lambda$ and
the mass of the scalar boson $m_{\Phi}$.

\begin{figure} [b] \centerline{\epsfig{figure=Fig-04.eps, scale=0.7}} \caption{ Relationship
between $\lambda$ and $m_S$ arisen from the constraints $\Omega_S
h^2 = 0.128$ and $0.094$ corresponding to the upper and lower limit
of $\Omega_{DM}h^2$ measured from WMAP, respectively. Here the mass
difference $\delta m = m_{\Phi} -m_S$ has been taken to be 5 GeV and
Higgs mass $m_h$ to be (a) $120\, \mbox{GeV}$ and (b) $200\,
\mbox{GeV}$. Here the shadowed region is forbidden due to the breakdown
of perturbation.}\end{figure}

In the case of $\Omega_S h^2 = 0.128$, in Fig. 4 we represent the relation between $\lambda$ and $m_S$ for
$ \delta m = 5\, \mbox{GeV}$.
Fig. 4-(a) corresponds to  the Higgs mass $m_h=120$ GeV, whereas
Fig. 4-(b) corresponds to  $m_h=200$ GeV.
The shadowed region is forbidden due to the breakdown of perturbation, so
the region $57~(146)~ \mbox{GeV} \leq m_{S}\leq 74 ~(190)$ GeV for  $m_h=120 ~(200)$ GeV and $\Omega h^2 =0.128$ is not relevant to our scenario.
In the case of $\Omega h^2 =0.128$, it is
$57 ~(139)~ \mbox{GeV} \leq m_{S}\leq 75 ~(196)$ GeV for  $m_h=120 ~(200)$ GeV.

We notice from Fig. 4 that
there exist kinematically special regions, such as the Higgs threshold ($2m_\phi \simeq m_H$)
and two-particle threshold in the final states ($m_\phi \simeq m_Z$ or $m_\phi \simeq m_H$, and so on).
We see from Fig. 4 that for
$50 ~(74)~ \mbox{GeV}\lesssim m_S \lesssim 234 ~(245)$ GeV for $m_h=120~(200)$ GeV and $\Omega h^2=0.128$ except the regions corresponding
to the poles and particle thresholds,
the abundance constraint arisen from WMAP results requires $\lambda \sim \mathcal{O}(0.5 (0.3) -1)$. This result indicates that
we do not need any fine tuning or special choice of the parameters in order to achieve right amount of relic abundance
of dark matter candidate.
It also turns out that if $m_S$ is lighter than $50 ~(74) $ GeV or heavier than $234 ~(245)$ GeV for
$m_h=120 ~(200)$ GeV and $\Omega h^2 =0.128$,
the relic abundance of $S$ is incompatible with WMAP results for the relic density.
It is worthwhile to notice that the coupling $\lambda$ gets significantly suppressed down to the level of $10^{-2}$ near the Higgs pole.
This is because the Higgs resonance is quite narrow, which in turn considerably enhances the scalar boson $\Phi$ annihilation rate,
especially if $2m_\Phi$ is slightly smaller than $m_h$ \cite{coan, sh}

\subsection{ Singlet Scalar Boson $\Phi $ as a Dark Matter Candidate:}

The singlet Higgs scalar $\Phi$ can be a candidate for dark matter, provided that $m_{\Phi}\lesssim m_S$.
Since $\Phi$ is the lightest particle involved in the interaction term $Y_S N S \Phi$,
this particle can not decay into other particles, and thus the annihilation processes relevant to a
successful candidate for dark matter can occur through the Higgs interaction term $\lambda \Phi^2 H^\dagger H$.
In this case, the singlet scalar bosons annihilate into the SM particles mediated by
the Higgs boson $h$.

In Ref. \cite{scalarDM}, it has been proposed that a stable,
strongly self-coupled scalar field can solve the problems of
cold dark matter models for structure formation in the Universe,
concerning galactic scales. Thus, the singlet scalar boson in our
model can serve as a self-interacting scalar dark matter candidate.
If the mass difference between $m_{\Phi}$ and $m_S$ is  substantially
large, the new Yukawa interactions $Y_S N S \Phi$ will negligibly affect
the relic density of $\Phi$, so the behavior of $\Phi$ as a dark
matter candidate is the same as that of the self-interacting scalar
dark matter candidate.  If the mass difference  between $S$ and
$\Phi$ is substantially small, the particles $S_i$ are thermally
accessible and they are as abundant as $\Phi$.
In this case, the formulae for the relic abundance of the particle $\Phi$ and its freeze-out
temperature $x_f$ are given by the same forms of  Eq. (\ref{omega}) and Eq. (\ref{xf}), respectively.
In fact, however, the annihilation cross sections associated with the heavier particles
$S_i$  are turned out to be negligibly small in this scenario, so $\sigma_{{\rm eff}}\simeq \sigma_{\Phi}
g^2/g^2_{{\rm eff}}$, where $\sigma_{\Phi}$ is the pair annihilation cross section
of $\Phi$ and $g$ is the internal degree of freedom of $\Phi$.
Inserting $\sigma_{{\rm eff}}$ into $x_f$, we see that the value of $x_f$ for $\delta m=m_S-m_{\Phi}=5$ GeV
 and $m_{\Phi}=500$ GeV in this scenario
is about $4\%$ lower than that in the singlet Higgs model without the particles $S_i$,
which in turn increases the relic abundance of $\Phi$.

\begin{figure} [t]
\centerline{\epsfig{figure=Fig-05.eps, scale=0.7}} \caption{Relationship between $\lambda$ and $m_{\Phi}$
corresponding to $\Omega_\Phi h^2 =0.128$ (the lower solid line) and 0.094 (the upper solid line), respectively.
The mass difference $\delta m = m_S -m_\Phi$ has been taken to be 5 GeV and $m_h$ to be (a) 120 GeV
and (b) 200 GeV. Here the shadowed region is forbidden due to breakdown of perturbation and the dashed line
corresponds to the prediction of the model with a self-interacting dark matter \cite{sh}
for $\Omega_\Phi h^2 = 0.128$.}
\end{figure}

Since several important features of our results are quite similar to those of \cite{sh}, therefore,
here we just present what are the differences between \cite{sh} and our model.
In Fig. 5, we show the relation between $\lambda$ and $m_{\Phi}$ for $m_h=120 ~(200)$ GeV and
$\delta m = m_S -m_\Phi =5$ GeV,
which is generated by requiring $\Omega_\phi h^2 =0.128$ and 0.094.
We see from Fig. 5 that  $m_{\Phi}$ should be less than 551 GeV ~(571 GeV)
for $m_h=120~(200)$ GeV and $\Omega h^2 =0.128$ in our model,
so as to be consistent with the relic abundance constraint
without breaking down perturbation ({\it i.e.} $\lambda \lesssim 1$).
This upper limit on $m_{\Phi}$ is much more restrictive than what is obtained in \cite{sh}.
Also, we see in Fig. 5-(a) that
when $m_{\Phi}$ lies between 80 GeV and 551 GeV, the value of $\lambda$ in our model  is much
larger than that given in \cite{sh}.

\section{Implication for Dark Matter search}

To directly detect dark matter, typically proposed method is  to detect the scattering of dark matter
off the nucleus of the detecting material. Since the scattering cross section is expected to be very small,
the energy deposited by a candidate for dark matter on the detector nucleus is also very small.
In order to measure this small recoil energy, typically of order keV, of the nucleus, a very low threshold detector
condition is required.
Since the sensitivity of detectors to a dark matter candidate is controlled by their elastic scattering cross section
with nucleus, it is instructive to examine how large the size of the elastic cross section could be.
First, to estimate the elastic cross section with nucleus, we need to know the relevant matrix element for
slowly moving spin-J nuclei, which is approximately given by \cite{sh}
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{2J+1}\sum_{spins}|<n^{\prime}|\sum_{f} y_f \bar{f}f|n>|^2 \simeq \frac{|A_n|^2}{(2\pi)^6},
\end{eqnarray}
where $n$ denotes nucleons and $|A_n|$ is determined to be
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{A}_{n} = g_{_{Hnn}} \simeq \frac{190\, {\rm MeV}}{v_{_{\rm EW}}}  ~\label{an}
\end{eqnarray}
 by following the method given in \cite{sh} and taking the strange quark mass to be 95 MeV and
 $<n|\bar{s}s|n>\sim 0.7$.

Now, let us estimate the sizes of the elastic scattering cross sections in each case of dark matter candidates.
\\

{\bf  (i) ~ Case for $m_S < m_\phi$ :}\\
The Feynman diagram describing the scattering of the singlet Majorana neutrino $S$ with nucleons and nuclei is given
by $t$-channel Higgs and heavy Majorana neutrino exchange, as shown in Fig. 6-(a).
In this case, the non-relativistic spin-independent quasi-elastic scattering cross section is approximately given by
\begin{eqnarray} \sigma_{el} \approx \frac{Y^2 Y_\nu ^2 |A_n|^2}{128 \pi^3}
\Big ( \frac{m^2 _\nu m^2 _n}{m^4 _h m^2 _N m_S} \Big )\times m_{PL}, \end{eqnarray}
where $m_{PL}$ is the Planck mass.

\begin{figure} [t] \centerline{\epsfig{figure=Fig-06.eps, scale=0.4}}\caption{ Feynman diagrams relevant to (a) $S$-nucleon elastic scattering,
   and (b) $\Phi$-nucleon elastic scattering. }\end{figure}

However, the size of $\sigma_{el}$ is turned out to be less than $10^{-71}\, cm^2$ due to small neutrino mass $m_{\nu}$
as well as small Yukawa couplings $Y$ and $Y_\nu$, which is much smaller than the current bound from
dark matter experiments. Thus, it is extremely difficult to detect the signal for the singlet Majorana neutrino $S$
at dark matter detectors. \\

{\bf (ii)~ Case for $m_\phi < m_S$:}\\
In this case, the Feynman diagram relevant to scalar-nucleon elastic scattering is presented in Fig. 6-(b), which
has already been considered in \cite{sh}.
Then, the non-relativistic elastic scattering cross section is given by \cite{sh}
\begin{eqnarray} \sigma_{el} = \frac{\lambda^2 v^2_{_{\rm EW}} |\mathcal{A}_n|^2}{4\pi} \Big (\frac{m^2_*}{m^2 _\phi  m^4 _h} \Big ),
\label{elasX}
\end{eqnarray}
where $m_* = m_\phi m_n / (m_\phi +m_n)$ is the reduced mass for the collision. Substituting Eq. (\ref{an}) into Eq. (\ref{elasX}),
\begin{eqnarray} \sigma_{el}(nucleon) &\approx& \frac{1}{4\pi}\Big (\frac{\lambda 190 \, MeV}{m^2 _h} \Big )^2 \Big ( \frac{m_p}{(m_p + m_\phi)} \Big )^2 \nonumber \\
&=& \lambda^2 \Big (\frac{100\, \mbox{GeV}}{m_h} \Big )^4 \Big ( \frac{50\, \mbox{GeV}}{m_\phi} \Big )^2 (4.47 \times 10^{-42}\, cm^2 ).
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where the mass of $m_p$ is a mass of proton.
In Fig. 7, we plot the predictions for the elastic scattering cross section as a function of the scalar mass $m_{\Phi}$ for
 $m_h=120\, \mbox{GeV}$ and $m_h=200\, \mbox{GeV}$, respectively, and the mass difference ($\delta m = m_S - m_\phi$) is taken to be $5\, \mbox{GeV}$.
The lower line corresponds to $\Omega_\Phi h^2 = 0.128$, whereas the upper line to $\Omega_\Phi h^2 = 0.094$.
On calculating $\sigma_{el}$, we used the relationship between $\lambda$ and $m_{\Phi}$ which is obtained through
the constraint from WMAP result as before.

\begin{figure} [t]
\centerline{\epsfig{figure=Fig-07.eps, scale=0.7}}\caption{Plots of the elastic cross section $\sigma_{el}$
as a function of $m_{\Phi}$ for (a) $m_h=120$ GeV and (b) for $m_h=200$ GeV.
The dotted line is spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section upper limits (90\% C.L.)
by XENON10 Dark Matter Experiment \cite{xenon}. Here the dashed line corresponds
to the prediction of the model with a self-interacting dark matter \cite{sh} for $\Omega h^2 =0.128$.}
\end{figure}

 In Fig. 7, we plot the new $90\, \%$ C.L. upper bound for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section
 as a function of $m_{\Phi}$ obtained from XENON10 Dark Matter Experiment \cite{xenon}.
As one can see from Fig. 7, when $\Omega h^2 =0.128$, the region $m_{\Phi}<42 ~(56)$ GeV for $m_h=120 ~(200)$ GeV and $\delta m=5$ GeV is
excluded  by XENON10 Dark Matter Experiment \cite{xenon}.

Comparing our results with those in the model of self-interacting scalar dark matter \cite{sh}, we see that
our prediction for the elastic cross section in the region $80 ~(110)~ \mbox{GeV} < m_{\Phi} < 551 ~(571)~ \mbox{GeV}$
for $m_h=120~ (200)$ GeV, and $\delta m=5$ GeV is about 1.4 (1.5) to 4.3 (4.4) times larger than that estimated in \cite{sh}.
This indicates that our scenario for scalar dark matter is distinguishable from the original model of the self-interacting scalar dark matter.

\section{ Implication for  Higgs searches at LHC}

Now we investigate the implications of our scenarios for Higgs searches at collider experiments.
The singlet scalar boson will not directly couple to ordinary matters, but only to the Higgs fields.
Although the presence of the singlet scalars will not affect electroweak phenomenology in a significant way,
it will affect the phenomenology of the Higgs boson.
Due to the large values for the coupling $\lambda \sim {\cal O}(0.1-1.0) $ required by relic abundance constraints,
real or virtual Higgs production may be associated with the singlet
Higgs $\Phi$ production, as discussed in \cite{sh}.
We see from Eq. (\ref{sp}) that if $2m_{\Phi}<m_h$, the real Higgs boson can decay into a pair of singlet scalars, whereas
if $2m_{\Phi}>m_h$, the singlet scalar bosons can not be produced by real Higgs decays, but arise only via virtual Higgs exchange.
As we know that any produced singlet scalar bosons are not expected to interact inside the collider,
thus they only give rise to strong missing energy signals.\\

{\bf  (i) Case for $2m_{\Phi} < m_h$ }: \\
In this case, the Higgs boson can invisibly decay into a pair of the singlet scalar bosons.
The invisible decay width is given at tree level by
\begin{eqnarray} \Gamma_{H\rightarrow \phi \phi} = \frac{\lambda^2 v^2 _{_{\rm EW}}}{32\pi m_h} \sqrt{1-\frac{4m^2 _\Phi}{m^2_h}}. \end{eqnarray}
Since the relic abundance constraints require the large value of the coupling $\lambda$,
the invisible decay width to the Higgs boson gets large.
It is known that if the Higgs mass is less than $2M_W$ so that the Higgs partial width into the
SM particles is very small, the Higgs will decay predominantly into the singlet scalar bosons.
Then, LHC may yield a discovery signal for an invisible Higgs with enough reachable luminosity, for instance, 10 $fb^{-1}$ of
integrated luminosity for $m_h=120$ GeV, in associated production with Z boson \cite{xx}.
To quantify the signals for the invisible decay of the Higgs boson, we investigate the ratio $R$
defined as follows \cite{sh}:
\begin{eqnarray} R=\frac{Br_{h\rightarrow \bar{b}b,\, \bar{c}c, \, \bar{\tau}\tau} ({\rm SM}+\Phi)}{Br_{h\rightarrow \bar{b}b,\,
 \bar{c}c, \, \bar{\tau}\tau} ({\rm SM})} =
\frac{\Gamma_{h,total} ({\rm SM})}{\Gamma_{h\rightarrow \phi\phi} + \Gamma_{h, total} ({\rm SM})}. \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
The ratio $R$ indicates how the expected signal for the visible decay of the Higgs boson can decrease due to the existence of the singlet scalar bosons.

\begin{figure} [t]
\centerline{\epsfig{figure=Fig-08.eps, scale=0.7}}\caption{Plots of the ratio R as a function of $m_{\Phi}$ for our model with
$\Omega_\Phi h^2 = 0.128$ and $0.094$, (solid lines) when (a) $m_h=120$ GeV and (b) 200 GeV,
and for the model with a self-interacting dark matter \cite{sh} with $\Omega_\Phi h^2 = 0.128$ (dashed line).
Here the shadowed region represents the forbidden region by Fig. 4, which applies only to  our model.}
\end{figure}

(a) {\it Case for singlet neutrino dark matter:}
In Fig. 8, we plot the value of $R$ as a function of $m_{\Phi}$ for (a) $m_h=120$ GeV  and (b) $m_h=200$ GeV, respectively.
Here, we fixed the value of $\delta m$ to be 5 GeV, and used the relation between
$\lambda$ and $m_{\Phi}$ which is obtained from the relic abundance constraints as explained before.
On calculating the decay rate of Higgs particle, we have used CalcHEP 2.4.5 \cite{calcHEP}.
As can be seen in Fig. 8,
the prediction for the value of $R$ is totally different from that in \cite{sh}.
But, in this case, we can probe the invisible Higgs decay by using $R$ only for the very narrow region
$55~(79)~ \mbox{GeV}< m_{\Phi}< 60~(100)~ \mbox{GeV}$ when $m_h=120~(200)$ GeV. This is because the lower limit of
$m_{S}$ has been determined to be $50 ~(74)$ GeV  for $m_h=120~(200)$ GeV, as shown in Fig. 4, and upper limit of $m_{\Phi}$
is constrained by the condition  $2m_{\Phi} < m_h$.
\begin{figure} [t]
\centerline{\epsfig{figure=Fig-09.eps, scale=0.7}}\caption{Plots of the ratio R as a function of $m_{\Phi}$ for our model with
$\Omega_\Phi h^2 = 0.128$ and $0.094$, (solid lines) when (a) $m_h=120$ GeV and (b) 200 GeV,
and for the model with a self-interacting dark matter \cite{sh} with $\Omega_\Phi h^2 = 0.128$ (dashed line).
Here the shadowed region represents the forbidden region by XENON10 Dark Matter Experiment \cite{xenon},
which applies only to  our model.}
\end{figure}
{}From Fig. 8, similar to \cite{sh}, it turns out that the invisible Higgs decay width dominates the total width
everywhere except in the vicinity $2m_\phi =m_H$.
This means that a tremendous suppression of the observable Higgs signal may happen at the LHC.

(b) {\it Case for singlet scalar dark matter:} For this case, we plot the prediction for $R$ in Fig. 9
and the result is turned out to be almost the same as that in \cite{sh}. Similar to the above case,
the invisible width also dominates the total width everywhere except the region $2m_{\Phi} \simeq m_h$ \cite{sh}.
We notice that when  $m_h=120~ (200)$ GeV  and $\Omega h^2 =0.128$ the parameter space below $m_{\Phi}=42 ~(56)$ GeV are excluded by
the current bound obtained from XENON10 Dark Matter experiment.
In this case, if we impose the current bound from XENON10 Dark Matter Experiment \cite{xenon},
the mass of scalar boson $m_{\Phi}$ should be larger than 42 (56) GeV for $m_h=120~ (200)$ GeV and $\Omega h^2 =0.128$.
Then, the values of $R$ in our model is constrained to be
$0.1 - 1$ ($0.64-1$) where the upper limit is determined by the condition $2m_{\Phi}<m_h$ as it should be.\\

{\bf (ii) Case for $2m_{\Phi}>m_h$ }: \\
In this case, the singlet scalar bosons can be produced only through virtual Higgs exchange.
Similar to the previous case, the produced singlet scalar particles can be detected
as missing energy above an energy threshold, $E\geq 2m_{\Phi}$.
In this case, LHC is unlikely place for discovery of a missing energy signal, whereas future
linear collider might be a good place for detecting such a signal.

\section{Conclusion}

We have considered a variant of seesaw mechanism by introducing extra singlet neutrinos  and
singlet scalar boson and showed how low scale leptogenesis is realized in our scenario.
We have examined if the newly introduced neutral particles, either singlet Majorana neutrinos or singlet scalar
boson, can be a candidate for dark matter.
We have shown that the coannihilation process between dark matter candidate and the next lightest $Z_2$
odd particle plays a crucial role in generating the right amount of the relic density of dark matter  candidate.
We have also discussed the implications of the dark matter detection through the scattering off the nucleus
of the detecting material on our scenarios for dark matter candidate. {}From the recent result of XENON10 Dark Matter experiment,
we could get some constraint on the mass of singlet scalar boson.
In addition, we have studied the implications for the search of invisible Higgs decay at
LHC which may serve as a probe of our scenarios for dark matter.
\\

\noindent {\bf Acknowledgement:}
SKK is supported  by the KRF Grant funded by the
Korean Government(MOEHRD) (KRF-2006-003-C00069).
CSK is supported in part by CHEP-SRC and in part
by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD)
No. KRF-2005-070-C00030.
\\

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
The Bulgarian baby trade
Scams in eastern Europe promise pregnant women jobs, then sell their babies on the black market instead.
By Page Rockwell
July 20, 2006 4:00PM (UTC)
A wrenchingly sad Belfast Telegraph story this week reports on yet another dark, depressing dimension of human trafficking: criminal rings that traffic pregnant women in order to sell their babies on the black market. Scams prey on poor women in eastern Europe by promising them jobs, usually in western European countries. The Telegraph reports, "Interpol says that Bulgarians have become the ringleaders of the European baby trading circuit and are being investigated in Greece, Italy, France and Portugal."
Many of the victims are from the Roma community. The Telegraph piece profiles one such mother-to-be, 23-year-old Yanna Dobrena Yordanova, who was rescued from a trafficking operation in Greece.
"Ms. Yordanova lives in a suburb of Burgas known locally as 'the ghetto,' home to more than 3,000 members of the Roma community, most of whom are unemployed and impoverished. Here, in a dilapidated bedsit, she is only days from giving birth and will soon have three children to look after. She lives off money from the state -- and even that adds up to less than the a day that the World Bank estimates Bulgaria's Roma live on.
"'I was told that I would earn up to % a day if I took the job in Greece. What do you think I should have done? I decided to leave the children with a neighbour and go earn some money. But I was lied to,'" Yordanova told the Telegraph.
Traffickers have been selling babies, usually to childless couples, for as much as 20,000 euros (or about $25,000) in a truly evil exploitation of the increasing demand for adoption as fertility rates decline across western Europe. "Bulgaria has charged at least 33 people in the past three years with coercing women into selling their babies," the Telegraph reports, but since baby trafficking has only been illegal in the country for about two years, and the maximum penalty is just two years in prison, the crackdown is off to a slow start.
As Broadsheet's Sarah Karnasiewicz has indicated before, it's important to note that though most coverage of human trafficking focuses on the sex trade, trafficking takes many nasty guises. For information on helping prevent trafficking in Bulgaria and around the world, go here, here and/or here.
Page Rockwell
Page Rockwell is Salon's editorial project manager.
MORE FROM Page Rockwell
Broadsheet Love And Sex


text:
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By Joe thorp
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Project Tejas
The Tuk-tuk originally got its name from the clangy sound the engine made. With the advent of better technologies this was minimised and, more recently due to the innovation of an Indian engineer, the sound in which the vehicle made its name, as well as other unwanted side effects, have been negated.
Naveen Rabelli, a 35-year-old Indian automotive engineer, decked out a tuk-tuk with solar panels for a world tour that may have seemed cumbersome for many. But not for Rabelli, who began his journey in February in India and ended it on 16 September 2016 in London. The trip could have ended even sooner if it weren't for a small mishap in Paris where some of his battery packs died and his passport got stolen.
For this 6,200-mile trip the tuk-tuk came equipped with a bed, a passenger seat, a cupboard for food that people donated to him on the road, and even another solar-powered invention of his- a cooker.
Rabelli states that the reason he took on this expedition was to educate and inform people of the ecological and economic benefits of solar energy. The idea came to him while he was trapped in a suffocating Mumbai traffic jam that inspired him to create a vehicle that could tackle pollution.
There are now E-Tuks on the streets in cities such as Lisbon, Portugal which are mainly used in the tourism industry, rivalling Uber and local taxis as a less polluting, more unique and exciting way to get around. These are fully electric versions of the original Tuk-tuks minus the solar panels that are used to showcase the tourist spots of a city. Will this stripped down version of inner city transport be the future, are we too used to the luxury of a four panelled vehicle, or are our larger more modern cities simply incompatable for the dainty three-wheeler?
SOURCE: INSTITUTE OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS
© Copyright VIDe Ltd 2011-2020


text:
Star Wars: Daisy Ridley Just Met With Kathleen Kennedy
October 14, 2021 Mr. Greg Universe
Daisy Ridley had effectively ended her Star Wars run with The Rise of Skywalker back in 2019, but even though a cap has been put on the sequel trilogy, the ending pretty much feels like there's more in store for Rey Skywalker.
During an interview with Grazia, Ridley has confirmed that she had recently met with Lucasfilm president Kathleen Kennedy, and the news has gotten some fans really curious about what they could have been talking about.
Ridley confirmed when she was asked about keeping in touch with her Star Wars co-workers, "I went for breakfast with Kathy Kennedy the other day which was so nice."
While this could have been nothing, one franchise lead actress doesn't just have a meeting with the president of Star Wars to catch up on their careers. Fans were already hoping that we would get to see the cast of the Sequel Trilogy come back, and this could very well be the start of negotiations for all we know. Twitter is already being filled with speculation posts from fans:
https://twitter.com/flilisoffexegol/status/1448366801520406540
Daisy Ridley had breakfast with the boss woman herself, Kathleen "the Savior" Kennedy….. very interesting. Very interesting indeed. pic.twitter.com/e3DbuPvvbb
— Mandalorian Mark (@MarkMandalorian) October 13, 2021
https://twitter.com/OutlawNoah/status/1448508409624633349
While The Rise of Skywalker is being touted as the end of a franchise, a lot of elements do signal a new beginning for Star Wars. Rey just got her Skywalker mantle, why would Lucasfilm give her a brand new lightsaber and not have her use that thing at all?
Though Star Wars has had a good run in television recently, I'm still looking forward for its return in cinema. And while visits to old places and characters like The Mandalorian are nice, I prefer the stories that delve more on character and not just the consistency of the lore.
We don't know if Ridley will ever come back for Star Wars, but The Book of Boba Fett does debut on Disney+ this Dec. 29.
Star Wars, Disney, rian johnson, lucasfilm, the last jedi, rey, kathleen kennedy, The Rise of Skywalker, The Book of Boba Fett
Dragons: The Nine Realms Revamps The HTTYD Franchise
Has the Official Title for Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse 2 Leaked?


A year after the Evesham K-8 school district implemented an online survey to find out what district parents think of their children's schools, the results are in, and district administrators like what they see.
Of the 466 people who completed the survey, most were satisfied with the district's academic and extra-curricular programs. The district's curriculum, math and language arts programs and its teachers were the schools' strengths, according to parents' answers for two open-ended questions on the survey.
"We are pleased that our parents recognize the expertise and quality of our staff." Superintendent of Schools Pat Lucas said.
Parents also wanted increased communication from the district.
The survey was recommended by the Board of Education's Public Relations Committee, Lucas said.
About 14 percent of the district's 3,334 families responded to the survey, according to the district. A smaller number of people — about 8.3 percent — responded to the survey's open-ended questions.
Now that the data has been compiled and analyzed, it will be used to help the district consider future educational needs, Lucas said. The district also plans to discuss the information at future parent workshops.


I live in the beautiful altepetl of Tenōchtitlan in the middle of Lake Texcoco. I also have a home to the north. I am a purveyor of birds, particularly macaws, and bird products such as feathers. It had been my family business and, since family has ended with me, I took the business over when my parents passed away. I live in the family home along the Cuahuencho Acallotli, our property well known for the gardens.


With a median listing price of $659,900, Burlington is Canada's 202th most expensive when ordered by median listing price.
In Aug the median listed house price of $659,900 in Burlington was an impressive compared to the rest of Ontario.
If you're looking at investment properties in Burlington, then you're most likely to find homes with 3 bedrooms on sale this month.
This month we track 33th neighbourhoods in Ontario, and Burlington has the 33th most choice available for real estate investors.
Can we guarantee how well Burlington is going to do next year? No, but we can look at the data we have and use it as a starting point before doing research.
If you are looking at investment properties in Burlington, then there are fewer homes for sale than there were three months ago. This would indicate that house prices will be influencing it towards being a sellers market.
Across the nation CREW lists data for 1054 neighbourhoods, and this month Burlington is number 151 putting it ahead of most neighbourhoods .
The median house price listed in Burlington this month is $329,900.
There are 196 neighbourhoods that have more properties on sale than Burlington at the moment in Ontario which puts the neighbourhood in the top 20% when looking at the number of properties to choose from.
Will prices rise across the next year in in Burlington? There are a number of real estate indicators to consider.
It's always hard to tell what property prices will do over the coming months, but over the last three months the properties available for purchase in Burlington have dried up which would tend to indicate that demand is higher than the supply of new properties.


text:
Die Einband-Europameisterschaft 1992 war das 39. Turnier in dieser Disziplin des Karambolagebillards und fand vom 25. bis zum 29. März 1992 in Gubbenvorst, einem Ortsteil von Horst aan de Maas, statt. Es war die neunte Einband-Europameisterschaft in den Niederlanden.

Geschichte
Den ersten Sieger bei einer Einband-EM seit 37 Jahren stellte mit dem Bochumer Fabian Blondeel wieder einmal der Deutsche Billardbund DBB. Da der erst 21-jährige Martin Horn bei seiner ersten Einband-EM Dritter wurde standen damit am Ende auch erstmals seit 1955 wieder zwei Deutsche auf dem Siegerpodest. Der Luxemburger Fonsy Grethen, der im Einband bereits fünf Medaillen gewann, musste damit weiter auf seinen ersten Titel warten. Mit Thomas Wildförster, der den Titelverteidiger Frédéric Caudron aus dem Turnier eliminierte, Volker Baten und Wolfgang Zenkner konnten sich noch drei weitere Deutsche in den Top 8 platzieren.  Insgesamt war es ein deutlich höheres Leistungsniveau als bei der letzten EM.

Turniermodus
Gespielt wurde eine Vor-Qualifikation mit 8 Gruppen à 3 (einmal 4) Spielern, wovon sich 10 Teilnehmer für die Haupt-Qualifikation qualifizieren. Dann wurde eine Haupt-Qualifikation  mit 8 Gruppen à 3 Teilnehmer gebildet, wovon sich die Gruppensieger für das Hauptturnier qualifizieren konnten. Diese acht Spieler trafen die auf die acht gesetzten Spieler. Hier gab es ein Doppel-KO System mit einer Sieger- und einer Trostrunde, wobei die Spieler für das Finale und das Spiel um Platz drei ermittelt wurden. Es wurde auf zwei Gewinnsätze à 50 Punkte gespielt. Endete ein Satz 50:50 in einer Aufnahme gab es einen Tie Break. Endete auch dieser Unentschieden wurde ein Bandenentscheid (BE) gespielt um den Sieger zu ermitteln. Es wurde ohne Nachstoß gespielt, außer bei einer Partie in einer Aufnahme.

Bei MP-Gleichstand wird in folgender Reihenfolge gewertet:
 MP = Matchpunkte
 SP = Satzpunkte
 GD = Generaldurchschnitt
 HS = Höchstserie

Qualifikation

Vor-Qualifikation

Haupt-Qualifikation

Hauptturnier
 Siegerrunde

Einzelnachweise

Einband-Europameisterschaft
Karambolageveranstaltung 1992
Billardturnier in Horst aan de Maas


Working Olivetti Lettera 32 vintage, manual portable typewriter in London, UK. According to the serial code, this model was manufactured in the 1960's, in Italy. The comfortable keys are smooth and easy to type with and it makes typing an enjoyable and pleasurable experience. The mechanisms work well. This iconic Italian typewriter is fitted with a new black ribbon and the machine is ready for action. The typewriter is equipped with the ribbon colour switch, therefore you will be able to use one ribbon and switch between two different colours, usually black and red. The original case is provided which has a comfortable handle.
The overall condition is good. The keys work without sticking. Minor signs of use and age are present. Please note that one of the two shift locks (on the right hand side) is not operational. But the left hand shift lock is in good working order.
The very popular Olivetti Lettera 32 typewriter would suit any typist, with or without any typing skills. The typewriter would also suit typists with finger or hand stiffness problems as we noticed during a typewriter demonstration to our clients. This machine could be a starting point for a novice. This model would appeal to any age group.


Halloween week! Yay! I love Halloween. I have so many good memories of it growing up and I enjoy making memories with our own kids.
When my boys were younger I had all the say over their costumes. Like that one year they were Darth Vader and Baby Yoda. As they have gotten older they definitely have their own opinions about what they want to be. I would love for my 7-year-old to be Harry Potter, he looks like him anyway, but he isn't having it. Maybe someday!
Every year we usually do about three-four Halloween activities within that week. It really just depends. Clarksville has quite a few activities going on for kids which is a lot of fun.
Yes, we get too much candy, but we never eat it all. Maybe all the Reece's though 😉 I love looking at all the other costumes out there. And it is too cute when one of the boys ends up near another child wearing the same costume. I also love when they spot a character they love.
It is also really nice to get out into the community that way. You never know who you might run into, a few nights ago we went to Fright on Franklin and we ran into one of Daniel's old teachers and a few other friends. It was the first year we had ever been and there were a lot of people there. We figured out that if you did the side areas, the lines moved a little quicker.
Last night we went to G.H.O.S.T. which is at the college. All the campus clubs have a table and it is a lot of fun but it took forever! Way too long. We have always enjoyed it in the past but this year just seemed to take a lot longer. We had to stand in line for about an hour just to get in. Not sure we will do that one next year.
By the end of Halloween week I am ready for the start of the winter season. I am ready to put fall behind us to start thinking of Thanksgiving and Christmas. But during that week, our family has a blast and we enjoy making a lot of memories together having a good time.
Holy crap, that GHOST thing looks too packed for me.


Marvel's superhero film Black Panther has taken more than a billion US dollars (£794m) at cinemas worldwide.
It is the fifth movie based in Disney's Marvel Universe to hit the milestone.
The film stars Chadwick Boseman as the crime-fighting ruler of Wakanda, a fictional African nation with the most advanced technology on earth.
Oscar winner Lupita Nyong'o, Michael B Jordan and Daniel Kaluuya play key roles, with The Hobbit star Martin Freeman as CIA agent Everett Ross.
The film has been widely praised as game-changing - including by Michelle Obama - for having a largely black cast and a black director, Ryan Coogler.
Box office analyst Jeff Bock told the New York Times: "I think about it like a wall crumbling. In terms of Black Panther, no studio can say again, 'Oh, black movies don't travel, overseas interest will be minimal.'"
Based on Disney's estimate of ticket sales, the film passed the $1bn mark on the 26th day of its release.
Film information site IMDB says 32 movies have scored a box office billion, including 2012 James Bond offering Skyfall, the 2017 Beauty and the Beast reboot starring Emma Watson, and modern children's classic Frozen.


Why the increase in D.C. and the decrease in New York? It comes as part of a slot-swap deal with Delta; the two airlines traded takeoff and landing slots so that Delta could cement its hold on NYC and US Airways could become even stronger in the Washington market, where they also note there will be a job increase. With increased holds at their hubs, the airlines can easily expect an increased percentage of the hub's passengers (and their money).


Where is Newtonville, New Jersey?
How big is Newtonville, New Jersey?
What's the weather like in Newtonville, New Jersey?
What's business like in Newtonville, New Jersey?
How many people live in Newtonville, New Jersey?