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Welcome at TheSupposedStringMeister. Feedback and posts on any Superaxe very welcome. Sorry, I had to turn this option off due to too much spam coming in…
See the Contact Tab for details on how to get in touch with me.
6 thoughts on "Blog"
jean205 on May 6, 2014 at 9:22 am said:
Thanks, have started to build a Telecaster from native New Zealand timbers. I should create a page for Superaxe photos from other people.
Blake on May 3, 2014 at 2:32 pm said:
Nice to find some information on the SA-5! I have a Blonde with the original case, strap and tool kit. Love your builds as well and look forward to following the progress if you start on another.
Earth Needs More Guitars (Rowan) on February 15, 2014 at 6:14 am said:
Maaate, cool website. The circuit diagrams have a single tone pot; this is the blend (front and rear pick-ups) pot right ?
jean205 on February 16, 2014 at 5:48 am said:
Thanks, single volume, single tone, and one blend pot which Yamaha calls the Balancer pot. Aaaaahh, I see, the diagrams label two pots as Volume pots!! I will change that. The one on the far right is the Balancer for SA20, 30 and 50.
Lew Whalley on January 14, 2014 at 9:59 pm said:
Hi, love the website – great job! I have a 1966 Yamaha SA-5 on its way to me. Has the red finish.
Leon on December 23, 2013 at 9:12 pm said:
Great job on the strat. Looks like a hell of a job but the result is fantastic!


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How climate change is affecting winter
By Cathy Nelson November 18, 2021
If you read or listen to reports on climate change, even casually, you're aware that our planet is warming at a dramatic rate due to increased greenhouse gas emissions. You've also probably seen coverage of the increased wildfires, droughts, and hurricanes that experts say are directly related to our changing climate. It's easy in the sweltering heat of summer to think about the implications of a planet that's experiencing increasing average temperatures. But what about winters? Here's what you need to know about how climate change is affecting winters in the U.S.
Seasons are changing
Don't bury the snow shovels
What's happening to winters around the country?
A few good things, too
Winters are getting warmer across the U.S. — a trend that's been going on for quite some time. "Analyses by NOAA indicate that nearly the entire country has experienced a wintertime warming trend during the past century or so, with the greatest warming trends across the northern states. Winter has been the season with the greatest rise in air temperatures," says Michael Notaro, associate director of the Nelson Institute Center for Climatic Research at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
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In addition to being warmer, winters are also getting shorter, leading to an earlier spring in much of the country, with some cities experiencing spring arriving as much as 18 days earlier now compared to 1981.
"As with the other seasons of the year, winters in the U.S. are trending warmer," says Paul Ullrich, professor of Regional and Global Climate Modeling at the University of California, Davis, and faculty scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. "This has meant that those weeks at the periphery of winter are now more like fall or spring. As annual snow accumulation has declined, the growing season has grown longer across the U.S. Climate change can be implicated directly in these changes. These warmer temperatures are the direct result of accumulating greenhouse gases in the atmosphere."
Warmer and shorter winters don't necessarily mean relief from shoveling snow and scraping ice off the car. While winter snowfall has been decreasing across the central states over the past 50 years, it's been increasing across the northern states, according to Notaro.
How can snowfall be increasing if temperatures are warming, you might ask? Notaro explains that if winter temperatures are higher in mild locations that are normally close to freezing, such as the central U.S., precipitation will often fall as rain instead of snow as temperatures go above freezing. But that's not the case for regions where temperatures generally fall below freezing.
"For extremely cold climates, when temperatures are far below zero, precipitation falls as snow and is light, fluffy, and with little liquid equivalent. Very cold air can hold little moisture," says Notaro. "If you raise the temperature but still remain below freezing, then heavy snowfall liquid equivalents can occur. For example, warming in Canada should lead to greater snowfall as the atmosphere can hold moisture while still being cold enough for the precipitation to fall as a solid."
Warming temperatures also increase lake effect snow, something that particularly affects the Great Lakes region. Lake effect snow is caused by cold air traveling over warm water, and the bigger the temperature difference, the more snow that falls. According to a recent report, all five of the Great Lakes have been one to two degrees above normal since October, which could fuel heavy storms this winter dropping up to two to three inches of snow per hour.
Climate change deniers often cite these types of winter events as proof our planet isn't warming, but that's not a correct assumption, say experts.
"There is a big difference between weather and climate. Weather operates at the daily to seasonal time scale. Climate operates on the decadal to century and beyond time scale," says Notaro. "The occurrence of a snowstorm or deep freeze event does not discount our understanding of climate change. A warming climate also supports more intense precipitation events as a warmer atmosphere can hold more water vapor, leading to intense precipitation events when the synoptic environment is conducive to precipitation."
Regionally, extreme cold events are becoming more uncommon, and extreme heat records are being broken much faster than extreme cold records, says Ullrich. "Inevitably the weather is a combination of both predictable effects and random influences, often referred to as the 'butterfly effect,'" he says. "While average temperatures may be trending upward that doesn't mean that by the luck of the draw we can't also get blizzards or frigid weather. But the most recent freezing events are generally part of a prolonged period of abnormally warm average temperatures."
According to James R. Miller, a professor with the Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences at Rutgers University, the question isn't whether we will have blizzards or frigid winter weather. "The question should be whether these events will be more frequent, will they last longer, and will they be stronger," he says. "These are still questions of current research, but for the longer term, it's unlikely that cold events will become colder."
In essentially all regions of the U.S., winters are becoming warmer and wetter with more rain, less snow, and higher temperatures, says Ullrich. "But increases in precipitation variability — that is, how precipitation is different between years — also means more potential for dry winters and extreme floods at the expense of 'average winter conditions,'" he adds.
Warmer, shorter winters might seem great if you can't wait to start your gardening or open your pool, but the effects can be adverse in ways you might not think about. Here's a snapshot of what's happening to winters in regions around the country and effects that go beyond whether you'll need a scarf and gloves when you step outside.
Known for seasonality, this region is experiencing less distinct seasons with milder winters and earlier springs. Winters are warming three times faster than summers, and precipitation is falling more as rain instead of snow. These changes are altering ecosystems and adversely impacting winter recreation tourism, farming and forestry. According to Miller, impacts include shorter seasons for ski areas, possible winters not cold enough to kill insects and pests that affect humans and agriculture, and potentially stronger northeaster storms that cause coastal erosion and coastal flooding.
Warming temperatures and longer freeze-free seasons are occurring in the southeast, in turn increasing flood risk, affecting ecosystems, and leading to invasive species expanding north. Warmer winters can also support the spread of new disease-carrying mosquitos and cause peach crop failure in states such as Georgia, according to Notaro.
In addition to the previously mentioned increase in lake effect snow, winter warming will mean more flooding and affect fish spawning among trout. The warming will also allow invasive species and pests to proliferate, affecting agriculture, forestry, and land management.
The Southern Great Plains are experiencing shorter winters. The severe winter cold wave that devastated Texas in 2021 has been linked to a stretching of the polar vortex, a phenomenon that's become more common over the past 40 years and could be related to human-caused climate change. In the Northern Great Plains, shorter snow seasons mean less income for the winter recreation industry, while less snowpack and glacier flow are affecting water management and availability. The dormancy period for winter crops throughout the Great Plains is also shortening increasing the potential for damages by spring freezes.
Many mountainous areas are experiencing less snow and more rain, and earlier springs are also reducing snowpack, which could lead to water shortages that affect drinking supplies, irrigation, and electricity. Springtime warming and a shortened, earlier-ending snow season are expanding and intensifying the wildfire season in the Rockies as well, according to Notaro.
This already damp region of the country will become wetter overall with places like Seattle getting even more rainfall in the future, says Ullrich. This will lead to depleted snowpack that increases the risk of drought and wildfires. The area's abundant natural resources and winter recreation will also be adversely affected.
Alaska is warming faster than any other state and is already being hard-hit by climate change. Loss of permafrost, warming waters, and retreating sea ice will continue to affect residents and wildlife habitats in many ways from infrastructure to tourism and recreation to loss of habitat.
With all the drawbacks, there are some positives to shorter, warmer winters. In addition to longer growing seasons in some areas of the country, fewer extreme cold outbreaks will mean less loss of life, and less snow will reduce hazardous transportation and travel, says Notaro.
However, some positives come with caveats.
"It can mean a longer period for summer activities, less snow to shovel, and fewer extreme winter storms. But in regions like the U.S. West, where water availability is highly dependent on wintertime precipitation, that means there are greater challenges for managing water," adds Ullrich.
And if you're looking forward to lower heating bills, remember this: "If winters are shorter and less severe, there are potential energy savings from needing less fuel for heating. However, these are likely to be replaced by needing more air conditioning in summer," says Miller.
BlissMark provides information regarding health, wellness, and beauty. The information within this article is not intended to be medical advice. Before starting any diet or exercise routine, consult your physician. If you don't have a primary care physician, the United States Health & Human Services department has a free online tool that can help you locate a clinic in your area. We are not medical professionals, have not verified or vetted any programs, and in no way intend our content to be anything more than informative and inspiring.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Do you possess a commercial home with a vegetable pitch for oil parking area or a private house with a vegetable pitch for oil driveway? If you do own or take care of some sort of asphalt pavement you will certainly need to take proper care of the surface. Over time it will certainly conserve you money and time. While taking proper care of the pavement does have some price related to it, it is not near the expense of needing to later on repair any damage that has already struck the asphalt. If you see that you already have gaps or large cracks starting to show up, it remains in your benefit to resolve the issues asap.
The initial step in keeping an vegetable pitch for oil sidewalk is crack securing, split securing avoids water from getting in the pavements sub base via fractures in the asphalts surface area. If these splits are left without treatment they will eventually turn into fractures as well as destroy the asphalt surface and the base below the asphalt. Once you enable this to happen there is no maintaining the asphalt, you are now looking at having to replace the pavement. It is necessary to cleanse the splits extensively prior to filling them. You will have to clear out any kind of and also all debris. This will certainly assist insure the product follows the surface correctly. When all of the cracks are entirely cleansed as well as loaded with the asphalt fill product, water will no longer be able to get in under the pavement to the below base product. Using this strategy you have enhanced the life-span of your vegetable pitch for oil pavement in one of the most helpful and also cost effective method.
Sealcoating your parking lot is definitely a terrific method to safeguard your asphalt surface area also. Sealcoating your asphalt will help safeguard against the sunlight ultraviolet rays and also keep any type of water from entering little splits in the pavement. The asphalt sealcoating material should be mixed to the produces specifications. The sealcoat product has to be used in two coats. The first coat of sealant ought to be used with a squeegee to push the sealant right into the fractures of the sidewalk. The following layer could be applied using a spray strategy. The spray of the sealcoat guarantees a consistent coat over the whole asphalt surface area. Make sure to enable the appropriate drying out time of the sealcoat prior to utilizing the vegetable pitch for oil sidewalk. Sealcoating of the asphalt surface area need to be done as essential to assist insure the life expectancy of your asphalt surface area.
If you are looking for vegetable pitch for oil, you should contact Vegetable Pitch / Vegetable oil residue Supplier and Manufacturer, maybe you can get surprise.


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Aerie Way, L.l.c.
Po Box 70021, Staten Island, New York 10307
AERIE WAY, L.L.C. is corporation filed with the New York State Department of State (NYSDOS). The DOS ID is 5021394. The business entity is incorporated in Richmond County. The entity type is DOMESTIC LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY. The initial DOS filing date is 10/11/2016. The address is Po Box 70021, Staten Island, New York 10307. The city is Staten Island, New York. The zip code is 10307.
Aerie Way, L.l.c. · Po Box 70021, Staten Island, New York 10307
Current Entity Name AERIE WAY, L.L.C.
Entity Type DOMESTIC LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY
DOS Process Address GMM SERVICING
Staten Island, NY 10307, USA
postal_code: 10307
political: Staten Island
administrative_area_level_2: Richmond County
administrative_area_level_1: New York (NY)
types : postal_code
latlng: (40.5070853, -74.2443436)
place_id: ChIJJd8jlpjKw4kRUXTQ4BRvRI4
5789944 Carbone Investing LLC 108 Hopping Avenue, Staten Island, New York 10307
4018480 Chd Productions Inc. 7247 Amboy Road, Staten Island, New York 10307
3058311 Mjs Holdings Inc. 8 Lenhart Street, Staten Island, New York 10307
2583866 Coral Bay Restaurant Inc. 722 Rockaway Street, Staten Island, New York 10307
5492223 Monarch Enterprises Inc 141a Main St, Staten Island, New York 10307
3156112 Amboy Arbutus LLC 25 Ottavio Promenade, Staten Island, New York 10307
2618094 Carousel Distributors Inc. 15 Jeffrey Pl, Staten Island, New York 10307
3761820 Arti Restaurant & Catering Corp. 459 Manhattan Street, Staten Island, New York 10307
5836093 Credit Ryze LLC 20 Ellis Street, Staten Island, New York 10307
5547225 A & J Auto Parts 1 & Accessories LLC 5 Tricia Way, Staten Island, New York 10307
3753285 Dependable Accounting Company and Auditing Group Ltd. 73 Ottavio Promenade, Staten Island, New York 10307
5829908 Pogonya, Inc 660 Rockaway St, Staten Island, New York 10307
4656566 Suave Barbershop Inc. 7305 Amboy Road, Staten Island, New York 10307
5828101 Virri Ciaga Design Inc 57 Ellis St, Staten Island, New York 10307
2802426 Ruisi Inc. 128 Tyrrell Street, Staten Island, New York 10307
5558136 South Shore Beverages LLC 34 Meagan Loop, Staten Island, New York 10307
4739026 Petals On Page, LLC 311 Page Ave, Staten Island, New York 10307
5702672 South Shore Concepts, Inc. 321 Swinnerton St., Staten Island, New York 10307
4696391 Wine and Design Staten Island, LLC 237 Lee Avenue, Staten Island, New York 10307
3570556 Major Glass & Metal Corp. 80 Meagan Loop, Staten Island, New York 10307


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Scheffler has to avoid Love-like career
Born in Charlotte, North Carolina, Davis Love III was a model of consistency on the PGA Tour throughout his career. He won the PGA Championship with a great performance in 1997 at the age of 33, having previously fallen short at The Masters and the US Open. Love would have been hopeful of a long career at the top of the sport to add further crowns to his name, but it was not the case.
Unfortunately for him, he played in the era when Tiger Woods was at the peak of his powers, sweeping up huge numbers of majors. Love was part of the generation that could only watch and marvel at the brilliance of his compatriot. Perhaps Love would have been more successful in a different era. His story can be a lesson to golfers on the PGA Tour circuit now, none more so than Scottie Scheffler.
Scheffler won The Masters with an accomplished display but followed it up by missing the cut at the PGA Championship. He is now backed at 12/1 in the odds for betting on US Open to bounce back from his underwhelming performance in the PGA Championship. Love's example should be heeded by Scheffler, as although he was a fine player on the circuit, he never reached the pinnacle of a major again in his career.
Scheffler is in prime form and has stormed to the top of the world rankings this season due to his success on the PGA Tour along with the struggles of his rivals. He delivered an outstanding display at The Masters to win the Green Jacket, displaying a level of composure and brilliance that set him apart from the field. There was no other contender in the field that could match him over the four days at Augusta. However, he took a step back at the PGA Championship as perhaps the euphoria of winning his first major raised expectations to an uncomfortable level, but he is once again the leading contender for the US Open.
The 26-year-old took a welcome step back to form at the Charles Schwab Challenge, where he only missed out on the crown to Sam Burns in a playoff. If the PGA Championship was only a blemish, then Scheffler should be in the running for the title. Unlike the past generation that Love had to endure, there is no Woods in the field that is winning almost every major on offer. The last man to win successive majors was Brooks Koepka in 2018, highlighting the competitive nature of the sport at the top level.
There is an opportunity for Scheffler to take control of golf amid his sparkling form and cash in with multiple crowns. Jordan Spieth and Rory McIlroy managed to win multiple majors at the peak of their powers, but have since gone through significant droughts, while Justin Thomas had to wait five years for his second major. If Love's example is not proof enough, then Scheffler needs to look at his contemporaries to see the importance of winning while at your best.
North Carolinians Believe They Will Live Longer Than Most Americans
UNC Charlotte MBA Program Just Ranked Among The Best In The World
Poll: Majority Want to Make 'North Carolinian' An Official Dialect


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Back to Journals » Clinical Ophthalmology » Volume 9
Difference in ocular surface temperature by infrared thermography in phakic and pseudophakic patients
Authors Sniegowski M, Erlanger M, Velez-Montoya R , Olson JL
Received 19 June 2014
Accepted for publication 31 July 2014
Published 9 March 2015 Volume 2015:9 Pages 461—466
DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S69670
Matthew Sniegowski, Michael Erlanger, Raul Velez-Montoya, Jeffrey L Olson
Ophthalmology Department, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute, Aurora, CO, USA
Purpose: To assess the change in ocular surface temperature between healthy phakic and pseudophakic patients.
Methods: We included patients with no history of ocular disease other than cataract. Patients were divided into three groups: clear lens, cataract, and pseudophakic. All patients had two ocular surface digital thermal scans. An average of five surface points was used as the mean ocular surface temperature. Results were analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance and a Tukey's least significance difference test. The patients were further divided into phakic and pseudophakic groups. Correlation coefficients between several variables were done in order to assess dependencies.
Results: Fifty-six eyes (28 cataracts, 12 clear lenses, 16 pseudophakic) were enrolled. The mean ocular surface temperature in the cataract group was 34.14°C±1.51°C; clear lens: 34.43°C±2.27°C; and pseudophakic: 34.97°C±1.57°C. There were no statistical differences among the study groups (P=0.3). There was a nonsignificant negative correlation trend between age and surface temperature in the phakic group. The trend inverted in the pseudophakic group but without statistical significance.
Conclusion: Although cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation seem to induce a mild increase in ocular surface temperature, the effect is not clear and not significant.
Keywords: digital thermal scans, intraocular lens implantation, cataract extraction
Human metabolic processes generate energy in the form of heat.1 In the human body, that energy must be dissipated through the body surface.1 Thermoregulation is a balance between heat generation and dissipation where vascular changes and sweat evaporation play important roles in keeping the body temperature stable.1–3 Each part of the body has its own temperature range based on the environment, location, vascularity, and metabolic activity. However, certain conditions like inflammation (local erythema and swelling) can cause local increases in temperature;4 due to an increase in vascular and metabolic activity, surface temperature of any specific body part can be determined by sensing the transmission of infrared radiation.4 According to Planck's blackbody radiation law, all bodies with a temperature above absolute zero (−273°C) radiate certain electromagnetic waves that correspond to their specific temperature, and its total quantity can be calculated by the Stefan–Boltzmann equation.1,4,5 In 1915, observations made by Hartridge et al concluded that there was no difference between the infrared radiation of eye tissue and those of water.5 This means that at radiation levels above 3 μm wavelength, the human eye behaves as a blackbody radiator and, with an ocular temperature of about 32°C, each part must emit a spectrum of radiation between 1 μm and 30 μm (infrared) in which the entire transmission of one tissue will be absorbed by tissue immediately anterior to it and its contribution to the final ocular surface temperature would be so small that it can be ignored.1,5,6 However, more than a hundred years later and by using modern thermographic acquisition devices, investigators have demonstrated that patients with conditions that increase the intraocular metabolic and vascular activity of the eye (iridocyclitis) showed a "hot ring" transmitted into the cornea surface above the ciliary body.7 Furthermore, the ocular surface temperature in those cases was 2.2°C higher than the normal controls, and there was a temperature difference of up to 3°C between the eyes that had undergone cataract surgery and the nonoperated eye.7,8 Conversely, other studies have failed to show or have shown little correlation between choroidal abnormalities and ocular surface temperature changes and have postulated that, in concordance with the observations made by Hartridge, any metabolic heat produced by the posterior eye will be dissipated by the highly vascularized retina and any thermal gradient will be minimal and unlikely to influence the final temperature of ocular surface.6,8,9
Digital thermography is a noninvasive, noncontact imaging procedure able to record wavelengths in the infrared spectrum instantaneously, resulting in an accurate representation of the objects temperature in real time.4,10 This technique has been used successfully in several medical fields; it has been used to control bypass circulation during cardiac surgery,7 in breast cancer detection,11 peripheral vascular diseases differential,3 diabetes neuropathy evaluation,12 detection of angiogenesis in tumors,13 detection of rheumatic diseases,14 and dental applications, among others.1,15 In ophthalmology, its uses include diagnostic imaging of dry eye,4,12 retinal vein occlusion, and diabetic retinopathy evaluation, and the investigation of several pathological states of the adnexa and the response to steroid treatment in thyroid eye disease.12,16,17 Some studies have found a correlation between ocular surface temperature and choroidal flow as well as an inverse correlation with intraocular pressure in animal models.16,18
Since the understanding of the mechanism of thermal behavior in the human eye is central for the optimization of the use of digital thermography as a diagnostic and prognostic factor and since the role of posterior intraocular structures in ocular surface temperature is somewhat controversial, the purpose of this study was to assess the changes in ocular surface temperature between healthy phakic and pseudophakic patients, while controlling for several potential confounding factors, in order to optimize the reliability of the test.
The study was conducted at the Rocky Mountain Lions Eye Institute, Anschutz Medical campus. The study was reviewed and approved by the Colorado Multiple Institutional Review Board. All patients signed an informed consent, and the study strictly followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.
We included consecutive healthy patients (phakic and pseudophakic) from the cornea clinic, with no history of ocular diseases other than age-related cataracts (ARCs). All pseudophakic patients had at least 3 weeks without using topical drugs and at least 1 month or more since their phacoemulsification surgery. We excluded patients with clinically diagnosed diabetes or other systemic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular or autoimmune diseases, glaucoma, high myopia or hypermetropia, inflammatory eye diseases, dry eye or patients in whom surgical complications or loss of vitreous were reported. We also excluded patients who were currently using topical drugs for any cause. Dry eye assessment and diagnosis were done following the recommendations and guidelines of the International Task Force Delphi Panel and the International Dry Eye Workshop.19,20
The patients were divided into three main groups: phakic with clear lens, phakic with cataract, and pseudophakic with successful posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) implantation. Only ARCs were included regardless of their individual stratification.
Digital thermal image
All patients were acclimated to the clinical environment for at least 15 minutes. The room temperature was specifically set and controlled at all times at 22°C (≈72°F), humidity was maintained at 42.0%, and the average indoor illumination was maintained at 300 lux. Two thermal scans of each subjects orbits and bilateral ocular surfaces were taken by using a FLIR® T420 Thermal digital camera with thermal digital enhancement (FLIR Systems Inc., Boston, MA, USA), with an accuracy of ±2%; thermal sensitivity of <0.045°C; temperature range of −20°C to 650°C; resolution of 76,800 pixels (320×240) and frame rate of 60 Hz. We calibrated the system before each scan by scanning a heated pad of known/controlled temperature, and the test was always performed between 9:00 am and 11:30 am to avoid daily temperature variations. Patients were comfortably seated 50 cm away from the camera. Patients were asked to blink normally for a few seconds and then to open their eyes as wide as possible as the scan was obtained. The process was repeated twice. The image acquisition was nearly instantaneous; thermal density was plotted on a color scale from deep blue to brown red, passing by cyan blue, green, yellow orange, and red, representing from low to high temperatures (Figure 1).
Figure 1 Digital thermal image from a representative patient.
Notes: The cursor is placed in the center and then moved around into five different positions of the corneal surface. The process is repeated twice per eye. The left eye depicts the five zones from where every measurement was taken.
Abbreviations: S, superior; I, inferior; N, nasal; T, temporal; 1 mm, central cornea 1 mm.
All images were stored on a portable storage device and then uploaded into a computer for further analysis. The images were analyzed with the FLIR Webviewer; a software provided by the digital thermal camera manufacturer (http://www.flir.com/thermography/americas/us/view/?id=58384). A total of five points were measured on each cornea: central 1 mm, temporal, nasal, superior, and inferior fields. We used the average of these five corneal temperature measurements to minimize any bias on the basis of conjunctival vascularity surrounding the cornea. Since normal ranges for forehead temperature (captured by digital thermal camera: range: 34.1°C–37.2°C) were previously published, we used forehead temperature as a control for erroneous measurements and excluded from the analysis any patients with a forehead temperature below 32.1°C and those with forehead temperature above 37.2°C.21,22
Statistical analysis was made using an excel spreadsheet (Excel 2007; Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA). A one-way analysis of variance test was used to identify the difference in the variability of the means among the groups regarding temperature and age and by using a P-value of less than 0.05 for statistical difference. A Tukey's least significance difference test was then performed to assess the statistical difference between means within the study groups. The mean ocular surface temperature (OST) was plotted against age for each group, and the correlation coefficient (R) was calculated in order to determine if there was a linear dependency between the variables. Finally, the results of both phakic groups (ARC and clear lens) were summarized into a single group and the means compared against the pseudophakic group (PCIOL) using a two-sample t-test for means of two groups with different variances, using a P-value of less than 0.05 for statistical significance.
We included 56 eyes, of which 28 had a diagnosis of ARC, 12 more had a clear lens status, and 16 eyes had PCIOL. The mean ± standard deviation OST of the ARC group was 34.14°C±1.51°C; the group with clear lens had a mean OST of 34.43°C±2.27°C; and the group with PCIOL had a mean OST of 34.97°C±1.57°C. There were no statistical differences among the study groups regarding OST (P=0.3). After including all the phakic patients (disregarding their cataract status) into a single group, the mean OST was 34.44°C±1.56°C. There was no statistical difference against the pseudophakic (PCIOL) group (P=0.2).
Regarding the mean age of the groups, both ARC and PCIOL groups had very similar (and nonstatistically significantly different) mean ages (63.75±11.15 vs 64.38±3.79 years of age). However, the group of patients with clear lens had a significant lower mean age (29.83±9.35 years of age), with P<0.01. After grouping all the phakic patients into a single group, the mean age (53.57±18.93 years of age) was still statistically lower than the pseudophakic group (P<0.01).
Figure 2 summarizes the charts in which we plot the OST and the age of each group. Table 1 summarizes each group respective correlation coefficient and its significance level. In Chart A, the age was plotted against the mean OST of all patients with ARC, in which a weak, nonsignificant negative correlation was observed. The same type of behavior was observed in Chart B in which the OSTs of all the phakic patients were plotted against their age. Finally, the OST of the pseudophakic group had a very weak positive correlation with their ages, without statistical significance.
Figure 2 Graphic representation of the correlation between patient's age and ocular surface temperature.
Abbreviations: Temp, temperature; PCIOL, posterior chamber intraocular lens.
Table 1 Correlation coefficient
Abbreviations: ARC, age-related cataract; OST, ocular surface temperature.
Infrared detection, as a thermal imaging technique, was developed during the second half of the past century.1,23 Its medical applications have expanded rapidly as it is a simple noninvasive technique that provides real-time measurements and allows quick diagnosis with minimum equipment requirements.1,4,24 The available evidence about its use in medicine is large and covers a wide array of fields.1,16 In ophthalmology, changes in OST have been described in several pathological states as well as during and after surgical procedures.17,24,25 Although the relationship between OST and superficial factors like the tear film has been extensively described,12,26 the relationship with intraocular structures as well as with choroidal and retinal vasculature has remained somewhat inconclusive and has precluded its comprehensive use as a diagnostic tool of posterior pathology. While some studies have shown successfully that patients with decreased ocular circulation, like carotid artery stenosis, can experience a reduction in OST,16,27 the contrary has been more difficult to prove, with little information available and the existing studies showing conflicting results.
Despite the potential useful application of ocular thermal imaging as a diagnostic or prognostic tool, there are some variables that should be considered and controlled for during the test, because they can affect the OST readings. Tear film stability is one such variable;1,26 an unstable film due to deficient tear formation or disruption of the tear film secondary to the instillation of drops or defects on the blinking mechanism (anatomical defects or decreased rate), can increase the degree of local evaporation and yield lower readings.1,26 Conversely, OST tends to increase immediately after eyelid closure and can be up to 1.5°C warmer if prolonged more than 5 minutes.1,8 The way in which OST is assessed is also important to be considered; an average of various readings from different areas is more desirable than a single assessment. Studies in healthy eyes have shown that nasal areas of the eye tend to be warmer than their temporal counterparts and the limbus tends to be warmer than the corneal center by 0.45°C–1.0°C.7,28,29 Therefore, OST variation within the cornea can be controlled by taking the average of several different points on the cornea. Environmental conditions are also important to consider, since variables like room temperature may have a positive correlation with OST of up to 0.15°C–0.2°C for each Celsius degree rise.1,30 Variations in air flow and room humidity can vary the local heat transfer; therefore, a period of room adaptation before measurement is advised.30
Although the difference in OST among sexes, race and between left and right eye has been studied, there has been no evidence so far that supports the effect of these variables on OST.1 On the other hand, several studies have shown consistently that OST decreases with age, with a reduction of 0.01°C–0.023°C per year and it is more evident among middle-aged subjects and above.28,31,32
In our current study, we actively controlled for the variables that have been reported to effect OST readings; furthermore, the average of several points of the corneal surface temperature was assessed at the same time in order to prevent any possible confounding outlier. Our results showed that the mean OSTs across all three groups were similar to those previously reported (≈32.9°C–36°C) in the literature. Despite the fact that patients with clear lens were significantly younger than patients from the other groups (P<0.01), the mean OST was not statistically different (P=0.3). Comparison of age between phakic and pseudophakic groups was still lower in the pseudophakic group (P<0.01), where the mean OST was similar between the groups. Despite the similar OST among the groups, older patients tended to have lower OST readings than younger patients in the clear lens and ARC groups (in concordance with previous studies). This trend continues and slightly increases after grouping both groups into a single phakic group. Interestingly, this trend seems to reverse in the pseudophakic group, in which older individuals appeared to have slightly higher OST readings. The lens has relatively low thermal conductivity, which might prevent the transference of heat from the posterior segment toward the ocular surface. Therefore, a slight increase in OST after cataract surgery seems to make sense. Conversely, if we assume that intraocular structures like the lens have no effect on OST as previously suggested, the trend of lower OST in older patients should have continued or even increased slightly. The pseudophakic group is where the decrease should have been more marked. Although the correlations are very weak and nonsignificant, there is a possibility that the small number of enrolled participants might have induced an error Type 2.
Besides the relatively small number of participants in some of the groups, the present study has some limitations that we would like to address. Firstly, cataract was analyzed as a categorical variable as present or not present with no gradation and thus dichotomic instead of ordinal. A more precise control of the extent of cataract could be performed using the Lens Opacification Classification System III. The lens and corneal thickness may as well have a role on heat dissipation coming from intraocular structures. Therefore, careful assessment of these variables by means of optical coherent tomography should be done in further studies, in order to clarify their effect on OST.
Second, although most studies on OST (including this one), have shown a negative correlation between age and OST, most of the studies have included patients who were middle aged or above, where increased tear film problems are likely to increase. During the execution of our study, we tried to control for this type of confounder by excluding patients with dry eye diagnosis. Finally, although pseudophakia seems to have something to do with the change of age–OST trend, it is impossible to exclude the possibility that the trend is due to changes in the choroidal/retinal blood flow. This question could not be answered with the current study design.
In summary, digital thermography is a noninvasive, noncontact imaging procedure, which is capable of generating real-time assessments of OST. Although our results might suggest that cataract extraction and PCIOL implantation seem to induce a mild increase in OST, enough to at least neutralize the trend of lower OST among older patients, this effect was not clear and not statistically significant. More studies with greater samples are desirable in order to improve the optimization of the use of digital thermography as a helpful diagnostic/prognostic tool in clinical practice.
A preliminary version of this study has never been presented as a paper or poster or submitted for publication. The authors do not have financial or economic interest to disclose. There were no funds or grants allocated to this research project.
Purslow C, Wolffsohn JS. Ocular surface temperature: a review. Eye Contact Lens. 2005;31(3):117–123.
Mencucci R, Mazzotta C, Rossi F, et al. Riboflavin and ultraviolet. A collagen crosslinking: in vivo thermographic analysis of the corneal surface. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2007;33(6):1005–1008.
Harding JR. Investigating deep venous thrombosis with infrared imaging. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 1998;17(4):43–46.
Shih SR, Li HY, Hsiao YL, Chang TC. The application of temperature measurement of the eyes by digital infrared thermal imaging as a prognostic factor of methylprednisolone pulse therapy for Graves' ophthalmopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010;88(5):e154–e159.
Mapstone R. Measurement of corneal temperature. Exp Eye Res. 1968;7(2):237–243.
Wachtmeister L. Thermography in the diagnosis of diseases of the eye and the appraisal of therapeutic effects. A preliminary report. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1970;48(5):945–958.
Acharya UR, Ng EY, Yee GC, Hua TJ, Kagathi M. Analysis of normal human eye with different age groups using infrared images. J Med Syst. 2009;33(3):207–213.
Mapstone R. Determinants of corneal temperature. Br J Ophthalmol. 1968;52(10):729–741.
Martin DK, Fatt I. The presence of a contact lens induces a very small increase in the anterior corneal surface temperature. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1986;64(5):512–518.
Chang TC, Hsiao YL, Liao SL. Application of digital infrared thermal imaging in determining inflammatory state and follow-up effect of methylprednisolone pulse therapy in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008;246(1):45–49.
Ng EY, Fok SC, Peh YC, Ng FC, Sim LS. Computerized detection of breast cancer with artificial intelligence and thermograms. J Med Eng Technol. 2002;26(4):152–157.
Singh G, Bhinder HS. Comparison of noncontact infrared and remote sensor thermometry in normal and dry eye patients. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2005;15(6):668–673.
Jones BF. A reappraisal of the use of infrared thermal image analysis in medicine. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1998;17(6):1019–1027.
Ring EF. Progress in the measurement of human body temperature. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. 1998;17(4):19–24.
Gratt BM, Anbar M. Thermology and facial telethermography: Part II. Current and future clinical applications in dentistry. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1998;27(2):68–74.
Galassi F, Giambene B, Corvi A, Falaschi G. Evaluation of ocular surface temperature and retrobulbar haemodynamics by infrared thermography and colour Doppler imaging in patients with glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007;91(7):878–881.
Sodi A, Giambene B, Falaschi G, et al. Ocular surface temperature in central retinal vein occlusion: preliminary data. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2007;17(5):755–759.
Auker CR, Parver LM, Doyle T, Carpenter DO. Choroidal blood flow. I. Ocular tissue temperature as a measure of flow. Arch Ophthalmol. 1982;100(8):1323–1326.
Behrens A, Doyle JJ, Stern L, et al; Dysfunctional Tear Syndrome Study Group. Dysfunctional tear syndrome: a Delphi approach to treatment recommendations. Cornea. 2006;25(8):900–907.
Management and therapy of dry eye disease: report of the Management and Therapy Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf. 2007;5(2):163–178.
Agrawal S, Joshi M, Christoforidis JB. Vitreous inflammation associated with intravitreal anti-VEGF pharmacotherapy. Mediators Inflamm. 2013;2013:943409.
Tan L, Cai ZQ, Lai NS. Accuracy and sensitivity of the dynamic ocular thermography and inter-subjects ocular surface temperature (OST) in Chinese young adults. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 2009;32(2):78–83.
Holmberg A. [The temperature of the eye during the application of hot packs, and after milk injections]. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1952;30(4):348–364.
Klamann MK, Maier AK, Gonnermann J, Klein JP, Pleyer U. Measurement of dynamic ocular surface temperature in healthy subjects using a new thermography device. Curr Eye Res. 2012;37(8):678–683.
Galassi F, Giambene B, Corvi A, Falaschi G, Menchini U. Retrobulbar hemodynamics and corneal surface temperature in glaucoma surgery. Int Ophthalmol. 2008;28(6):399–405.
Zelichowska B, Rozycki R, Tlustochowicz M, Kujawa A, Kalicki B, Murawski P. [The usefulness of thermography in the diagnostics of dry eye syndrome]. Klin Oczna. 2005;107(7–9):483–487. Polish.
Morgan PB, Smyth JV, Tullo AB, Efron N. Ocular temperature in carotid artery stenosis. Optom Vis Sci. 1999;76(12):850–854.
Alio J, Padron M. Influence of age on the temperature of the anterior segment of the eye. Measurements by infrared thermometry. Ophthalmic Res. 1982;14(3):153–159.
Alio J, Padron M. Normal variations in the thermographic pattern of the orbito-ocular region. Diagn Imaging. 1982;51(2):93–98.
Freeman RD, Fatt I. Environmental influences on ocular temperature. Invest Ophthalmol. 1973;12(8):596–602.
Efron N, Young G, Brennan NA. Ocular surface temperature. Curr Eye Res. 1989;8(9):901–906.
Morgan PB, Soh MP, Efron N. Corneal surface temperature decreases with age. Cont Lens Anterior Eye. 1999;22(1):11–13.


Bondville: Featured on Hip Hooray!
I was thrilled to discover today that my big girl's 3rd birthday was featured on the fantastic Hip Hooray! blog on Monday.
Have you checked it out yet? Hip Hooray! is written by Siobhan Watkins and Vanessa Baird who manage the excellent Details, Details online party boutique. Their blog is one of the preeminent party websites in Australia and features lots of inspiring birthday parties, baby showers and events to make you drool.
Stop by and say hi (although I must warn you that you might be there a while checking out all the gorgeous posts). Thanks Siobhan and Vanessa for including our party too!


I have had this expertise, and regardless of how I and the family attempt to make ourselves at residence, there's at all times that little thing lacking, that makes you realize that there is no place like home. In fact, I love this page so much, I'm going to lensroll it to my lens on House Rabbits! Considering The Well-Appointed House has an entire part devoted to luxurious wastebaskets , I know that it's no less than a semi-authentic detail over which to obsess. The first week, he might say some patrons didn't just like the décor and must repaint the whole home. The house was named for the 14 kinds of vines discovered rising in the garden and is at the moment the home of Kater & Ulrike Hill can also be for sale.Photo Credit: Photo property of Pendleton Historic Foundation and used with permission. Others have ssid they did it. Then it is a matter of realizing astrology is so much more than the place your sun is located. Tiny House Town is a weblog sharing houses underneath 500 sq ft. In the previous few years, tiny homes have surged in recognition.
True, he will get less fee if the price is decrease – but he will also have spent a lot much less time, and will be capable to move on to the subsequent house a lot quicker. Betsy's Breads & More… Betsy carries an assortment of breads from Ric's Breads of Lancaster City. Sally is an enormous part of our Hope House household, a beloved grandmother to many of our purchasers and a shining star in our universe. For these whose jobs are extra cellular, there's a whole wealth of property available in cheaper areas of the UK. Here are fourteen places you might wish to contemplate in your search for an affordable three-bedroom home. Lyndon Johnson had it faraway from the Oval Office; Jimmy Carter introduced it back in. Reagan used it, but George H.W. Bush used it in another part of the White House. The doghouse needs to be situated near your own home and the gate or backdoor into your home.
When we lived in a home that had excessive humidity, the damp was current as a result of we lived in a wet local weather, the home had thick stone walls with no damp proof course and there was very little in the best way of ventilation. You can use the standard Nothing in the House pie crust recipe for this- it's going to be flakier- however this is extra of a biscuit crust, with the added texture of the almond meal pairing nicely with the candy stone fruit. She started a small enterprise out of her residence which at its peak, produced 6,000 grapies each season.
When you name in an estate agent to promote your house for you, the service you are paying for is that they are going to come round, measure the rooms, take the photographs for you, write up the small print and lay it all out for consumers to read. The home clearly requires more in the way in which of lights than the mobile home and we've needed to run the generator for just a few hours here and there to spice up the batteries and keep away from them being broken.
With the closure of the coal pits, and the loss of other main employers in the area, Stanley has been on exhausting instances economically for much of the final twenty years, and native house costs replicate this. Garland (1973)pictures the scene in Krogstads house quite than at the Helmers which serves to show Krogstad in a more beneficial gentle as the poor, dimly lit house contrasts starkly with the Helmers luxurious.


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Geologic Processes
How Landslides Work
by Jennifer Horton & Mark Mancini Updated: Jun 6, 2018
Volcanic Landslides
In March 2007, a massive lahar (mudflow) made its way along the Whangaehu River in the National Park, New Zealand after breaking the crater wall on Mount Ruapehu stratovolcano. Phil Walter/Getty Images
Volcanoes have unstable surfaces, so landslides are likely even when the volcano is dormant. In addition to the fact that the surface is composed mostly of loose rock, the volcanic gases create acidic groundwater. This contributes to the rocks' breakdown, making them more likely to be carried away.
Lahars are powerful landslides that originate on the slopes of volcanoes. They're set off by water and don't necessarily occur during eruptions. The water could be delivered in the form of a rainstorm, melted snow and ice, or a glacier melted by lava flow. Along with the contributing water, lahars contain mud and rock. Sixty to 90 percent of a lahar's weight may come from rock debris, lending it grave force. Lahars can reach speeds of 20 mph to 40 mph (32 kph to 64 kph) and travel more than 50 miles (80.4 kilometers) ripping up any trees and homes in their path. This makes them an especially dangerous kind of volcanic hazard [source: Landslide Hazards, USGS].
Sometimes, lahars are generated when ice melts at the hands of a pyroclastic flow. Pyroclastic flows are amalgamations of ash, lava, rocks, and gas that come barreling down volcanic mountains either during an eruption or when a volcano's dome collapses. Setting off landslides is just one of the threats they pose to human life. These high-speed flows have been clocked at up to 450 mph (724 kph) and they can reach temperatures of 1,500 degrees Fahrenheit (815.5 degrees Celsius). Pyroclastic flows that surge with hurricane-force haste are capable of tearing up and burning anything in their path [source: Landslide Hazards, USGS].
Not all causes of landslides are as obvious as the ones listed so far. Humans certainly play a part in causing equally devastating landslides. Read on to find out what mistakes we make and how we can prevent and prepare for landslides.


Among the challenges to managing workers' compensation claims involve those claims where an employee has a pre-existing condition. A pre-existing condition will complicate the calculation of benefits to a worker when the condition and the injury are related. In some states, an employer has to pay only for the amount that the pre-existing condition is worsened by the workplace injury. For example, a secretary with a back condition can only recover for the amount that her not-ergonomic chair worsened the back condition when her employer failed to replace it. That's different than being injured again by a second employer. For example, if a secretary injured her back through a falling box in the office supply cabinet, and again through the non-ergonomic chair, her benefits may be more robust. There, the new employer still must pay for the medical bills and missed time from work (though they may seek contribution from the past employer).
As more employees stay in the workforce past the typical retirement age, and some into their 80s, workers' compensation claims may more frequently involve pre-existing conditions. As with the example of the secretary given above, a pre-existing condition made worse through a workplace incident will only be compensated for the portion of the injury made worse by the incident. This means more work on the part of the employer. First, the employer (or more likely, the employer's attorney), will have to review two sets of medical records, instead of one. In the typical workers' compensation case, the employer may dispute that the employee's claim is actually valid, or that the pain and suffering they complain of was not caused by the injury. In a pre-existing condition workers' compensation case, the employer who may want to dispute the claim must determine, through medical record review, examination by a qualified medical professional and through deposition testimony, the amount the initial injury comprises of the current injury. This means that the analysis of the claim will be more lengthy and possibly involve more medical records.
However, previous unrelated injuries may impact decisions on permanent disability. For example, an employee injured by a slip and fall that caused pain to the left knee in 2000 then was involved in a second, more recent workplace injury caused by equipment improperly functioning resulting in an injury to the lower back. That employee may now be permanently unable to work in their field because the impact of both the knee injury and the back injury, though an employer may only have been involved in one of the injuries. Some states may allow an employer to disqualify an employee in this situation from receiving a pension.
Put more succinctly, an employee's disability from a new workplace injury doesn't require that the new injury stand alone, but it does require that the disability doesn't stem from the natural progress of an existing injury or illness. The new injury must be a material factor in aggravating the preexisting injury, but it doesn't have to be the only factor in causing the disability.
Additionally, aging populations that still are part of the workforce have increased risk of arthritis, osteoporosis and other major conditions that could take a mild workplace injury and make it into a major one. To start, 49.7 percent of all adults over 65 suffer from Arthritis, which is one of the leading causes of disability in America. The most common form of arthritis is osteoarthritis, which most commonly develops in the joints of the hips, knees, spine, shoulders, and hands. Workers are may aggravate their arthritis through performing jobs that require repetitive motions, such as assembly line work, typing and construction work.
Unlike arthritis, which attacks joints, osteoporosis weakens bones. According to the International Osteoporosis Foundation, "Osteoporosis is a disease in which the density and quality of bone are reduced, leading to weakness of the skeleton and increased risk of fracture, particularly of the spine, wrist, hip, pelvis and upper arm." That means older workers are at greater risk from a simple slip and fall. The most risky element of osteoporosis is that many employees do not get regular bone scans and may not be aware that their bone density is decreasing (or that they have osteoporosis at all), putting them at higher risk for injury.
A simple way to off set the increase risks of workers' compensation claims by older workers staying in the workforce may be to address the pre-existing illnesses that are prevalent in that population. This may mean offering more breaks from repetitive work or consulting with qualified medical professionals on how to reduce repetitive stress (and therefore reduce the possibility of aggravating arthritis). It may also mean offering regular, low cost bone scans for those at highest risk for slip and falls or other injuries that could cause broken bones in workers with osteoporosis.


In 2001, the European Geoparks Network signed with the Division of Earth Sciences of UNESCO the agreement of cooperation that resulted later in 2004 in signing the Madonie Declaration and the establishment of the Global Geoparks Network – GGN. The Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences of UNESCO in Paris has become the Secretariat of this network. Based on these agreements, the rule is applied that any territory included in the European Goeparks Network (EGN) becomes a member of GGN.


I traveled to Tromso in the summer of 1988. This is the first time that I've searched the internet for the city after being there with the U.S. Coast Guard. The memories that I have are fond ones and looking at your photos brought back additional images that I had forgot about. A beautiful, clean city with much to see. Thank you for the photos!


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Q: How can I combine multiple records and sum the Amount row, so there is only one record after? The query I'm using to sum is:
SELECT SUM(Amount) as `Amount`
FROM balances
WHERE User_ID='$user_id' AND `Wallet_ID` = '$idtw'

I need to combine all the rows so there is only one record in the database, because while sum works for display, when updating the balance upon a withdrawal it's practically impossible.

A: Just make an ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1to grab the last record instead.

A: If I get it right, the user has n-balance records and you're interested in the sum of his balances:
SELECT SUM(balance) FROM balances WHERE user_id=? GROUP BY user_id;

Obviously I didn't get it right. Then I try to understand that your balance relation is a history record and you're only interested in the current balance (=last record). I would suggest to give your records versions and keep track which is the current record. A scheme like this might help:
CurrentBalance(user_id, symbol, version)
Balance(user_id, symbol, version, amount)

Your CurrentBalance gives you the latest version for a given symbol and user and you can easily track your balance records, read your current balance from Balance.
The content of your relations might look like this:
 CurrentBalance = {
     (1, "BTC", 3),
     (2, "BTC", 4),
     (1, "USD", 2),
 }

 Balance = {
     (1, "BTC", 1, 1.123),
     (1, "BTC", 2, 0),
     (1, "BTC", 3, 4.234),  // current balance for user 1 and symbol BTC
     (2, "BTC", 1, 1.00),
     (2, "BTC", 2, 1.11),
     (2, "BTC", 3, 0),
     (2, "BTC", 4, 5.123),  // current balance for user 2 and symbol BTC
     (1, "USD", 1, 11.11),
     (1, "USD", 2, 10.12),  // current balance for user 1 and symbol USD
 }

When you're updating the current balance of a user you simply increase the version
for the user and his symbol in the CurrentBalance relation and add a new record
with that new version to the Balance relation.

A: A good solution is every time someone "withdraws his remaining bitcoin" you, instead of update the credits to 0, you can, for example delete the row. So, the user have no rows on that table means 0 credits.
This is good only if you have only a very simple table without additional fields. (a table that saves only the user_id and the amount)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Durango Effect — SLING TV "DANNY TREJO"
Danny Trejo's SLING TV Campaign has been everywhere the last 6 months. Pedro Castro directed Danny over the course of two days in the fall of 2016. Danny worked in Spanish and English. Pedro Castro is a talented Director, a former DP and Celebrity Photographer who has worked with the biggest celebrities and directors in the world. Pedro has a great knack for story, and is a wonderful calming influence when celebs are around.
Director Pedro Castro, Executive Producer Joseph Dugan, First AD Alex Cole, Producers Ruben Fernandez and Sal Tassone as well most of the Durango Crew are fluent in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Dugan and Castro have worked together for over 15 years on a number of projects. Joseph and Pedro have a long standing friendship and enjoy working together, regardless of the language or location.


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Unsafe abortions put mothers' lives at risk in Sri Lanka
25 September, 2017 INASP
Abortion is legally permitted in Sri Lanka in cases where it could save the life of the mother. However, in...
Helping women bridge the gap between research and publications
21 September, 2017 Ruth Bottomley
Gender & equity
Earlier this year, Senior Programme Manager, Ruth Bottomley joined The Organization for Women in Science for the Developing World – in Khartoum. This video shows the launch of the OWSD Sudan National Chapter and the workshop on Bridging the Gap between Research and Publications.
Supporting trust in Southern journals: the story behind Journal Publishing Practices and Standards (JPPS)
20 September, 2017 Verity Warne
Academic publishing, General
INASP and African Journals Online have launched the Journal Publishing Practices and Standards (JPPS), a unique new framework for providing accreditation and support for journals in the Global South. The JPPS provides detailed and internationally accepted assessment criteria for the quality of publishing practices and policies of Southern journals. In this interview, Susan Murray, Executive Director of African Journals Online (AJOL), and Sioux Cumming, Programme Manager, Journals Online, share the origins and potential of JPPS.
New area of work supports critical thinking skills in East Africa
INASP is leading a new area of work to help young people in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda to use their...
What is the biggest challenge in bringing Southern research to bear on global issues? INASP Trustees reflect
14 September, 2017 Agnes Becker
The world is facing many global issues that need to be tackled collectively – from climate change and health to sustainable economies and migration. Knowledge and evidence can help us tackle these issues with informed solutions. But we need to unlock the knowledge from across the world in order to find the best ways forward. To celebrate INASP's 25th Anniversary, we asked our Trustees to reflect on the biggest challenges in unlocking the potential of research and evidence generated in the global south to tackle worldwide issues.
How large-scale research writing courses are making a difference in the Global South
14 September, 2017 Sian Harris
The AuthorAID MOOCs in research writing are finalists for a prestigious award from the Association of Professional and Learned Society Publishers (ALPSP). The winner of this award will be announced this evening. As we wait to hear how we did, I share in this blog what I told the ALPSP annual conference yesterday.


Yes but we charge a £30 per person fee to cover the ATOL protection. Most people prefer to book their own flights in order to obtain the best price and to fly from their local airport. When booking flights, please remember that you will not be able to occupy the villa before the time stated on the villa description, and in all cases will have to vacate at 10am on your final day.


Mt. Olive - Sweet relish is suitable for phase 1 and 2. Since 1926. No sugar added. Sweetened with splenda. Ingredients: Cucumbers, water, vinegar, salt, sucralose (splenda brand), xanthan gum, red bell pepper, 0.1% sodium benzoate (preservative), calcium chloride, alum, natural flavors, polysorbate 80, yellow 5. Refrigerate after opening.