The legal drinking age is the age at which a person can legally consume alcoholic beverages. These laws cover a wide range of issues and behaviors, addressing when and where alcohol can be consumed. The minimum age alcohol can be legally consumed can be different from the age when it can be purchased in some countries. These laws vary between different countries and many laws have exemptions or special circumstances. Most laws apply only to drinking alcohol in public places with alcohol consumption in the home being mostly unregulated (an exception being the UK, which has a minimum legal age of five for supervised consumption in private places). Some countries also have different age limits for different types of alcoholic drinks.
The most commonly known reason for the law behind the legal drinking age is the effect on the brain in adolescents. Since the brain is still maturing, alcohol can have a negative effect on the memory and long-term thinking. Alongside that, it can cause liver failure, and create a hormone imbalance in teens due to the constant changes and maturing of hormones during puberty.
Algeria None (illegal to all persons) Illegal to sell, produce or consume alcohol at any age.
Angola None (legal at any age) There is no national legislation prohibiting the sale of alcohol to minors.
It is illegal to sell alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18. It is also illegal for minors to buy and consume alcohol.
Botswana None (illegal for any person to supply) 18 It is illegal for any person with a liquor license to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years. Because the law only applies to licensees, it is not illegal for minors to buy, consume, or possess alcoholic beverages. It is also illegal for any person to expose or supply alcohol to a minor under the age of 18 years.
Burundi None 18, or none (if accompanied by parent or legal guardian) It is illegal for any person with a liquor license to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to unaccompanied minors under the age of 18 years.
Cameroon 21, or 18 (if accompanied by a person 21 years of age or older) It is illegal for any person with a liquor license to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under 18 years of age. The law permits adults from the ages 18 to 21 to consume, purchase and buy alcoholic beverages if accompanied by a person 21 years of age or older. Anyone over the age of 21 years may buy or consume alcohol unaccompanied.
Cape Verde None 18 It is illegal for any person to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years.
Central African Republic 15 (off-premises), or 21 (on-premises) It is illegal for any person to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 15 years when sold or supplied off-premises (e.g., liquor stores, wine stores, and supermarkets). It is illegal for any person to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 21 years when sold or supplied on-premises (e.g., restaurants, bars, and cafes).
Comoros 18 It is illegal for any person to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years.
Eritrea None 18 It is illegal for any person to sell or serve alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years.
Ethiopia None 15 It is illegal for any person to sell, offer, serve or allow to serve alcoholic beverages "in substantial quantities" to any infant or young person. The criminal code defines a young person as any person under the age of 15 years. But the Criminal Code states: "Whoever endangers the health of another, intentionally and unscrupulously, by administering or serving, or by causing or permitting to be administered or served, to minors (defined as anyone under the age of 18 years) (...) alcoholic beverages or spirituous liquors of such kind or in such quantity as to make their injurious effect certain or probable, is punishable with simple imprisonment not exceeding one year, and fine."
Gabon 18 (on-premises only) It is illegal for any person to sell or supply alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years when sold or supplied on-premises (e.g., restaurants, bars, and cafes).
Gambia None 17 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to child or young person. A "young person" is defined as anyone under the age of 17 by the Children and Young Persons Act, 1949 Section 2.
Kenya None 18 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years.
Lesotho 18 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply any alcoholic beverage to a minor under the age of 18 years. It is also illegal for minors to consume, buy or attempt to buy alcohol.
Liberia None 18 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years.
Libya Illegal Previously Article 498 of the Libyan Penal Code prohibted the sale of alcoholic beverages to juveniles under the age of 16 years.
Malawi None 18 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years.
Mauritius None 18 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years.
Namibia None 18 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years.
South Africa 18 The parent, adult guardian of a minor or a person responsible for administering a religious sacrament, may on occasion supply to that minor a moderate quantity of liquor to be consumed by the minor in the presence and under the supervision of that parent, guardian or other person.
16 (wine, beer, porter, cider, perry or native liquor with meal) It is illegal for any licensee to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years. The law provides an exception for anyone who is 16 or 17 years of age, and consumes a fermented alcoholic drink with a meal, in a part of a licensed premises that serves meals and is not a bar.
Zambia 18 It is illegal for any person with a liquor license, to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under 18 years of age. Before the Liquor Licensing Act was enacted in 2011, the minimum age to sell, serve and supply alcoholic beverages was 14 years.
Zimbabwe None 16 It is illegal for any person to sell, lend, give, supply, deliver or offer alcoholic beverages to any child under the age of 16 years, except upon production of a written order signed by the parent or guardian of the child known to such person. The police has the duty to seize any alcoholice beverage in the possession of a child under the age of 16 years without a written consent of the parents or legal guardian.
The minimum age to purchase and consume varies, but the most common age is 18 years. However, in North America the age limits varies between 18 and 21 years of age. Throughout the United States, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands notwithstanding, the minimum legal age to purchase any alcoholic beverage from a shop, supermarket, liquor store, bar, club or any other licensed premises is 21 years of age. In Canada each province can decide which minimum age limit is to be set to buy or consume alcohol. Most provinces have a minimum age of 19 years, while Alberta, Manitoba and Quebec have set a minimum age of 18 years. In South America all countries have set a minimum purchase age of 18 years, except for Guyana where minors aged 16 or 17 may consume a glass of beer, wine or cider in a restaurant provided they buy a meal, and Paraguay the only country with a minimum legal purchase and drinking age of 20 years.
Anguilla None 18 It is illegal to sell or serve alcoholic drinks to anyone under the age of 18 years. Violating the regulation is punished with a $9.600 fine.
Antigua and Barbuda None 16 The sale and distribution of alcohol to a person under 16 years of age is illegal.
Bahamas 18 It is illegal for any adult to sell, serve or supply any alcoholic beverage to a child (defined as anyone under the age of 18 years). The law provides an exception to treat an illness in urgent cases or upon order by a medical doctor.
Barbados None 16 It is illegal to sell or serve any alcoholic beverage to anyone under the age of 16 years. The President of the Barbados Road Safety Association is trying to raise the drinking age to 18 years because the law is often violated.
Belize 18 Drinking age is rarely enforced. IDs are almost never requested.
Bermuda 18 It is illegal to sell or serve any alcoholic beverage to a child under the age of 18 years.
Bolivia None 18 It is illegal to sell or serve alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years. Every sold alcoholic beverage has to have a warning message on the bottle or container reading: "VENTA PROHIBIDA A MENORES DE 18 AÑOS DE EDAD" (Sale prohibited to (anyone) under 18 years of age) and "EL CONSUMO EXCESIVO DE ALCOHOL ES DAÑINO PARA LA SALUD" (Excessive alcohol consumption is harmful to (ones) health).
Brazil None 18 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply any alcoholic beverage to a person under 18 years of age. The presidential law enacted on March 17, 2015 made any violation of the law a criminal offence. Any adult person selling, serving, giving or supplying alcoholic beverages to a minor is punished with imprisonment of 2 to 4 years, a fine of R$3.000 to R$10.000 and a ban to operate any business selling or serving alcohol.
British Virgin Islands 16 It is illegal to sell or to supply alcohol to anyone under the age of 16.
Quebec 18 In Alberta no person may give or sell or permit any person to give or sell liquor to a minor in licensed premises. In Manitoba a person must not give, sell or otherwise supply liquor to a minor. the law provides exceptions for a doctor, dentist, pharmacist or other health care professional for medical purposes; for sacramental purposes and by the parent, guardian, spouse or common-law partner, if it is given or supplied in a residence. In Quebec the law probits the sale of alcoholic beverages to a minor under the age of 18 years.
Nunavut 19 Ontario's Liquor Licence Act permits the supply and consumption of liquor to those under the age of 19. However, supplying a person under the age of 19 is restricted to the person's parent, or legal guardian, and may only occur in a residence or in a private place of the parent or legal guardian. A person under the age of 19 who was supplied liquor in this manner is permitted to consume the liquor only in the place it was supplied.
Cayman Islands 18 It is prohibited to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is also illegal for any minor to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcoholic beverages. Violation of the lawis punished with a fine of five thousand dollars, and the court may, if the offence was committed by the licensee, order that the licensee shall forfeit his licence and that no licence may be issued to that person for a period not exceeding ten years from the date of his conviction.
Chile 18 The minimum age is 18 to enter an enclosure that sells alcoholic beverages. Selling alcohol to a minor may incur a fine. One must provide identification upon request. Residents of Chile over the age of 18 must carry their Chilean identification card issued by the Civil Registry and Identification Service at all times.
Colombia None 18 The law prohibits the sale of alcohol to a minor (anyone under the age of 18 years). It is not illegal for minors to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol.
Costa Rica None 18 The law prohibits the sale of alcohol to a minor (anyone under the age of 18 years). Selling alcohol to a minor will be punished with a fine equivalent to ten basic salaries. Whoever permits minors to maintain in any establishment which main purpose is to sell alcoholic beverages, will be sanctioned with a fine equivalent to five salaries. It is not illegal for minors to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol.
Cuba None 16 The penal code prohibits any adult to induce any young person under the age of 16 years, to habitually consume alcoholic beverages. However this means that de facto anyone selling, serving or supplying alcohol should check if the buyer has attained the age of 16 years. In most cases this law is not strictly enforced.
Ecuador None 18 It is illegal to sell alcohol beverages to a minor under the age of 18 years of age. The law obligates establishments to place a visible notice at the point of sale and to check identification to enforce the law. However it is not illegal for minors to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol.
El Salvador None 18 It is strictly prohibited to sell or serve alcoholic beverages to a minor under the age of 18 years. Violation of the law is punished with ¢ 25,000.00 and if convicted once more the license will be suspended for a period of six months. It is legal for minors to buy, attempt to buy and consume alcohol.
Falkland Islands 18 It is illegal for any adult to sell, give or provide alcohol to a minor under the age of 18 years in any public place or licensed premises. Parents may permit their children to consume alcohol on private premises. Minors consuming alcohol in public are committing a criminal offence. The law provides exceptions for the consumption of alcohol by minors for prescription of or at the direction of a government medical officer or in the course of the administration of Holy Communion according to the rites of any Christian denomination.
Grenada 18 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply any alcoholic drink to a minor under 18 years of age. Minors under 18 years are prohibited by law, to consume alcoholic beverages in public.
Guatemala 18 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply any alcoholic drink to a minor under 18 years of age. Minors under 18 years are prohibited by law, to consume alcoholic beverages in public.
Guyana 18/16 for beer, wine and cider with meal It is illegal to sell or serve alcohol to a person under 18 years of age. The law provides an exception for minors aged 16 and 17, if they consume a glass of beer, wine oder cider with a meal in a restaurant. Otherwise attempting to buy alcohol or buying alcohol as a minor is an offence.
Haiti None 18 It is illegal to sell or serve alcohol to minors from May 17, 2017. Vendors are required to check identification.
Jamaica None 18 It is illegal to sell or serve any alcoholic beverage to a child (which is defined as anyone under the age of 18 years).
Mexico 18 The minimum age to buy and consume alcoholic beverages is regulated by each state of Mexico. But all states have set a minimum age of 18 years, and in no state it is illegal for minors to buy and consume alcohol.
18 (bars, clubs, markets, supermarkets, sports and recreation centers) The law from 1980 prohibits the sale of alcoholic beverages to minors under the age of 18 years. Every point of sale or establishment serving alcohol, is required to post a notice stating that the sale of alcohol to minors under 18 years of age is illegal. However the law permits children as young as 14 to purchase and consume alcohol in a restaurant without further restrictions.
Trinidad and Tobago None 18 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholiv beverages to child under the age of 18 years. It is also illegal for an adult to send a child to buy alcohol on behalf. It is not illegal for children to buy or consume alcohol.
Turks and Caicos Islands None 18 It is illegal to serve or sell liquor to a young person under the age of eighteen years. Minors under the age of sixteen years may not present in a licensed premises mainly serving and selling alcoholic beverages.
(50 states and integral territories) Varies by jurisdiction 21 The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 withholds revenue from states that allow the purchase of alcohol by anyone under the age of 21. Prior to the effective date of that Act, the drinking age varied from state to state. Some states do not allow those under the legal drinking age to be present in liquor stores or in bars (usually, the difference between a bar and a restaurant is that food is served only in the latter). Contrary to popular belief, since the act went into law, only a few states prohibit minors and young adults from consuming alcohol in private settings. As of January 1, 2010, 15 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 17 states do not ban underage consumption, and the remaining 18 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws.
Federal law explicitly provides for religious exceptions. As of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws. However, non-alcoholic beer in many (but not all) states, such as Idaho, Texas, and Maryland, is considered legal for those under the age of 21.
By a judge's ruling, South Carolina appears to allow the possession and consumption of alcohol by adults 18 to 20 years of age, but a circuit court judge has said otherwise.
The states of Washington and Wisconsin allows the consumption of alcohol in the presence of parents.
Some U.S. states have legislation that make providing to and possession of alcohol by persons under twenty-one a gross misdemeanor with a potential penalty of a $5,000 fine or up to a year in jail.
Uruguay None 18 Only selling alcohol to minors under the age of 18 is prohibited, consumption and purchase by minors is not illegal.
Venezuela None 18 Only selling alcohol to minors under the age of 18 is prohibited, consumption and purchase by minors is not illegal.
Bahrain No legally-determined drinking age.
Bangladesh (Illegal for Muslims.) Alcohol will be sold to foreigners in certain locations, albeit clandestinely.
Brunei 17 with restrictions, unless Muslim Non-Muslims over 17 years of age are allowed to import alcohol not to exceed maximum total volume 2 liters of liquor and 12 cans of beer at 330 ml for personal use, once in 48 hours. This alcohol must be "stored and consumed at the place of residence of the importer" and is "not to be given, transferred or sold to another person.".
China 18 Introduced in January 2006,but not enforced to practice.
Hong Kong 18 IDs are rarely checked in bars and clubs, but are checked when purchasing alcohol at shops. Private drinking is also not regulated.
Consumption of alcohol is illegal in the states of Bihar, Gujarat and Nagaland.
Iran Illegal There is a ban on alcohol, but religious minorities may purchase small amounts from shops owned by the same religious minority.
Israel None 18 Israel law prohibits selling or serving alcohol to minors, but it does not prohibit minors to drink, although the police may confiscate alcoholic drinks consumed by minors in public.
Lebanon 18 / None Often unenforced and according to a global school health study, 40% of minors over 13 drink alcohol and up to 25% buy it from stores.
Malaysia 21 Increased from 18 to 21 in December 2017, but was not into effect until October 16, 2018. There will be an 18-month grace period for sellers to comply with this new law. After the grace period, anyone caught selling to persons under 21 can be fined up to RM10,000 and jailed up to 2 years. .
Nepal 18 The legal age for consumption of alcohol in Nepal is 18. However, there are exceptions to underage consumption for purposes of religious ceremonies.
Oman 21 Residents need personal liquor licenses to consume alcohol in their private residences.
Palestinian Authority 16 Legal in most cities.
Qatar Illegal Muslims are allowed to purchase alcohol, but generally not allowed to consume. Non Muslims are allowed to purchase, and consume alcohol. The only legal distributor of alcohol in the country is the Qatar Distribution Company located in Doha.
Saudi Arabia Illegal Drinking or possessing alcohol is illegal in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Persons who drink or possess alcohol are subject to arrest and trial. Punishments range from heavy fines, lengthy prison terms and whippings.
18 (public places e.g. bars and restaurants) 18 It is an offense to sell alcohol to minors. Anyone caught selling or furnishing alcohol in any licensed premise to persons below 18 can be fined up to $5000.
It is also illegal for minors to purchase, or attempt to purchase alcohol from any licensed premises, in which the minors can also be fined up to $5000. However, the authorities rarely enforced this on minors.
It is technically legal for minors to possess and consume alcohol at home and in public (not in any licensed premises) as there is no law prohibiting it. It is also technically legal for someone to purchase alcohol and pass it to minors outside the store or licensed premise.
South Korea None 19 The age limit for alcohol is after January 1 of the year one's age turns to 19.
It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to consume alcohol.
Parents, guardians, and others taking care of people under 18 shall prohibit underage drinking, or risk administrative fines of 10000 to 50000 new Taiwan dollars when the situations are serious.
One shall not supply alcohol to anyone under the age of 18. A violator shall be administratively fined 3000 to 15000 New Taiwan Dollars.
Thailand 20 The Alcoholic Beverage Control Act of 2008 increased the drinking age in Thailand from 18 to 20, private drinking is not regulated in private locations.
United Arab Emirates 18–21 (varies by jurisdiction) Expatriate non-Muslim residents may request a liquor permit to purchase alcoholic beverages, but it is illegal for such holders to provide drinks to others.
The legal age for drinking alcohol is 18 in Abu Dhabi (although a Ministry of Tourism by-law allows hotels to serve alcohol only to those over 21), and 21 in Dubai and the Northern Emirates (except Sharjah, where drinking alcohol is illegal).
It is a punishable offence to drink, or to be under the influence of alcohol, in public.
In 2002 the autonomous communities Madrid, Valencia and Catalonia raised their minimum purchase age to 18 years. Previous to 2002 Valencia and Madrid had a minimum purchase age of 16 years, and in Catalonia minors aged 16 or 17 could purchase alcohol up to 23% ABV on and off premises.
In 2004 Denmark raised its off premises purchase age from 15 to 16 years.
In November 2005 Switzerland passed its "Food and Commodities Regulation" (German: Lebensmittel- und Gebrauchsgegenständeverordnung), introducing a ban on alcohol sales to anyone under the age of 16, even though "Alcohol Law" (German: Alkoholgesetz) passed in 1980 already required a minimum age of 18 years for the retail sale of distilled spirits. Therefore, it is illegal to sell fermented alcohol (e.g. beer, wine, sparkling wine or cider) to anyone under the age of 16, and any distilled alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years. Further the canton of Ticino introduced a cantonal law in 1989 banning all alcohol sales to anyone under the age of 18 years.
In 2006 the autonomous community Castile and León raised its minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 years.
In late 2006, Gibraltar lawmakers passed the "Children and Young Persons (Alcohol, Tobacco and Gaming) Act 2006", which raised the minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 years. But the new law made an exception: minors aged 16 or 17 can purchase and consume on premises beer, wine or cider under 15% ABV or pre-packed containers of an alcoholic strength not exceeding 5.5% ABV (e.g. alcopops).
In 2009 France raised its minimum purchase age to 18 years, and fines were increased for selling or serving alcohol to a minor (up to 7,500 €). Previous to 2009 the minimum age to purchase any alcohol from off licensed premises was 16 years. In order to purchase alcohol on premises the minimum age was 16 years for low alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer, cider, perry, mead, crème de cassis and juices from fermented fruits or vegetables that contain 1.2 to 3° alcohol, natural sweet wines from controlled cultivation – to purchase or be served stronger alcoholic drinks one had to be 18 years of age.
In October 2009, the government of Malta passed a new law raising its drinking and purchase age from 16 to 17 years.
In 2010 the autonomous community of Galicia raised its minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 years.
In 2011 Denmark passed a new law, raising the minimum age for off-premises sale of alcohol >16.5% ABV to 18 years of age. The age to purchase alcohol <16.5% ABV remaines at 16.
Italy raised its minimum purchase age from 16 to 18 in 2012. Previously Italy did not have a purchase age for off-premises sales, and the minimum age of 16 years for on premises sales was barely enforced.
In 2013 the government of Portugal restricted alcohol sales to young people: distilled spirits can not be sold to anyone under the age of 18, and other alcohol (e.g. beer, wine or cider) can't be sold to anyone under the age of 16. Previously the minimum age for all kinds of alcoholic beverages was 16 years.
As of 1 January 2014, the minimum legal purchase and consumption age was raised from 16 to 18 in the Netherlands. Previously young people over the age of 16 could purchase and consume alcohol <15% ABV, and adults aged 18 and over could purchase alcohol over 15% ABV.
As of March 2015, the autonomous community of Asturias raised its drinking age from 16 to 18 years. Asturias was Spain's last community with a drinking age of 16 years. The new law brings the drinking age into line with the rest of Spain.
As of 1 January 2018, Lithuania raised its minimum drinking age from 18 to 20 years.
18 (distilled beverages) Carinthia also requires adolescents to maintain a blood alcohol level below 0.05%.
Azerbaijan None 18 It is illegal to sell or serve alcohol to a minor under 18 years of age.
Belarus None 18 The law prohibits the sale of alcohol to anyone under the age of 18 years. However, the law is rarely enforced.
18 (spirits) Since 10 January 2010, it is illegal to "sell, serve, or offer" any form of distilled alcohol to those under the age of 18 or any alcoholic drink to those under 16. So fermented drinks like beer or wine are permitted above 16. Previously, it was illegal to sell alcoholic drinks to under-16s, but accompanying adults could buy drinks for them.
Bosnia and Herzegovina None 18 Selling alcohol to a minor under the age of 18 years is an offence. The law does not prohibit minors from buying, attempting to buy or consuming alcohol.
Bulgaria None 18 By law, it is illegal to serve or sell alcohol to any child under the age of 18. There is no restrictions for minors consuming alcohol.
Croatia None 18 It is prohibited to sell or serve alcohol to anyone under 18 years of age. There is no minimum age to buy or consume alcohol by law.
Cyprus None 17 It is illegal to sell or serve alcohol to anyone under the age of 17 years. There is no minimum age to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol in public.
Czech Republic None 18 It is illegal to provide alcohol to minors (punishable by fine or up to 1 or 2 year(s) imprisonment). Consumption itself is not prohibited by law.
In order to buy alcohol above 1.2% and below 16.5% ABV in stores, one must be 16 years of age.
In order to buy alcohol above 16.5% ABV in stores, one must be 18 years of age.
By tradition, youths are privately allowed to drink alcohol after their confirmation. If a shop or bar fails to ask for an ID card and is identified having sold alcohol to an underage, it is subject to fine. A national ID card, obtained in the local town hall, can serve as age verification. This card is rarely used though since a passport or drivers license is more commonly used.
Both the legal drinking and purchasing age in the Faroe Islands is 18.
Estonia 18 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years. Alcohol found in possession of any child can be confiscated by the police.
18 (for all in bars, clubs and restaurants) All major grocery chains have implemented a policy to ask for ID if the customer looks under 30. Stores may refuse to sell alcohol if the customer is accompanied by a minor, or if proxy purchasing is suspected. Purchasing alcohol on behalf of a minor is a criminal offence.
Police may search minors in public places and confiscate or destroy any alcoholic beverages in their possession. Incidents are reported to the legal guardian and social authorities, who may intervene with child welfare procedures. In addition, those aged 15 or above are subject to a fine.
In private, offering alcohol to a minor is considered a criminal offence if it results in drunkenness and the act can be deemed reprehensible as a whole, considering the minor's age, degree of maturity and other circumstances.
France None 18 France has no explicitly stated consumption age, but selling alcohol to a minor (under 18) is illegal and can be fined 7500 euros. This age was raised from 16 to 18 in 2009.
Georgia None 18 By Georgian law, the sale of alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years is prohibited.
18 (spirits and aliments containing spirits above negligible amounts) It is illegal to sell, serve or supply fermented alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, cider and sparkling wine) to anyone under 16 years of age. However this age limit drops down to 14 if a minor is accompanied by his parent or legal guardian. It is generally illegal to serve, sell or supply any beverage containing spirits and aliments containing spirits above negligible amounts, to anyone under the age of 18 years. Violation of the "Protection of Young Persons Act" can be fined up to €50.000.
The alcoholic beverage is served in a bottle, or a pre-packaged container below 5.5% ABV.
Greece None 18 In 2008, the consumption of alcoholic beverages was prohibited for minors in public. However, the law does not apply to private events or private premises.
Iceland None 20 Possession or consumption of alcohol by minors is not an offence, but supplying them with alcohol is.
Ireland None (on private residence with permission from parents or guardians) 18 It is illegal for minors to buy alcohol or for a third party to attempt to buy it for minors. It is illegal to purchase alcohol for anybody under the age of consent without permission from their guardians.
Italy None 18 In 2012 the then Health Minister Renato Balduzzi proposed to raise the age to 18. Selling alcohol to those under the age of 18 in shops carries a fine between €250 and €1000. Serving alcoholic beverages to those under the age of 16 is a criminal offense and is punished with prison up to one year, if the individual is 16 or 17 it will be treated as an offense that is fined between €250 and €1000 (Legge n. 189/2013).
Latvia None 18 It is illegal to sell or serve alcoholic beverages to any minor under the age of 18 years. There is no minimum age to consume or possess alcohol.
18 spirits and spirit-based beverages Wine, beer and ciders as well as some other party drinks sometimes without spirits may be purchased by the age of 16. Spirits as well as alcopops may be sold only to people at least 18.
Lithuania 20 It is illegal to sell, serve or supply alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 20 years. People under the age of 20 are prohibited from consuming alcoholic beverages or from possessing them. The minimum age was raised from 18 to 20 in 2018.
Luxembourg None 16 It is illegal to sell or serve alcoholic beverages >1.2% ABV to any person under the age of 16 years. Violation is fined €251 to €1.000.
Malta 17 Must provide identification upon request.
Moldova None 18 It is illegal to sell, or serve alcoholic beverages to anyone under the age of 18 years. It is not illegal for minors to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol. The minimum purchase age was raised from 16 to 18 in 2012.
Netherlands 18 The legal age for purchasing and consumption of alcoholic beverages was raised from 16 to 18 since 2014. Alcohol is commonly available upon parental permission. Selling alcoholic beverages to people under 18 is illegal, buying alcoholic beverages for someone else under the age of 18 is also illegal.
North Macedonia 18 Must show an ID card upon request. In certain smaller places, such as family-owned convenience stores and street kiosks, there is little to no enforcement on how old or young somebody purchases alcohol. There is little to no enforcement for drinking privately, but drinking in bars may require an ID.
20 (≥22% ABV) Selling alcohol to or buying alcohol for minors is illegal. Minors are defined as under 18 for beer and wine, under 20 for drinks that contain 22% ABV or more. Minors who buy alcohol are not held criminally responsible; instead, the crime lies with those who sold it or obtained it for them.
Alcohol with more than 60% ABV is generally not sold in Norway, although exceptions may be made by the government for specific products.
Alcohol possessed by minors may be confiscated as evidence. Drinking in public is prohibited, though this is rarely enforced in recreational areas.
Poland None 18 Article 15 of The Act on Upbringing in Sobriety and Counteracting Alcoholism clearly states that buyers or persons being served must be at least 18 and prove it with ID if they look like they may not be at least that age. There is no mention of consumption age in this or any other act in Poland. Drinking in public places, with the exception of designated drinking zones, is illegal regardless of age.
Romania None 18 According to law 61/1991 updated in 2008, paragraphs 21-25, it is illegal to serve or sell alcohol to minors.
Russia None 18 There is no law or regulation in Russia that prohibits minors from consuming alcohol, but selling alcohol to minors is prohibited by federal and additional regional laws.
Slovenia None 18 There is no law regulating the possession and consumption, but it is illegal to sell or offer alcohol of any kind to minors.
Spain 18 Asturias was the last autonomous community in Spain where the drinking age was increased to 18 (previously 16) on 1 May 2015.
It is legal for anyone at any age to drink, but it is illegal to supply anyone under the age of 20, any beverage containing more than 3.5%ABV, and supply anyone under the age of 18 beer containing more than 2.25%ABV, except in a venue licensed to sell alcohol, who are allowed to sell alcohol to anyone over 18. It is also legal to serve an underage person alcohol in a private place, provided it's a limited amount and done in moderation. The reason for lower limit in bars than in Systembolaget shops is that bartenders have a legal responsibility for how drunk a guest gets.
18 (spirits) Whoever offers or supplies alcoholic beverages to a child under the age of 16 years in an amount which is harmful to one's health is punished with imprisonment up to 3 years or a fine. Whoever sells or supplies spirits to a person under the age of 18 years is punished with a fine up to 10.000 CHF.
Ticino 18 Canton Ticino prohibits the selling of any type of alcohol to minors under the age of 18.
Minors aged 16 or 17 may consume wine, beer or cider on licensed premises when ordered with a meal, and accompanied by an adult.
It is legal to sell liqueur confectionery to someone of any age.
It is illegal to permit minors under the age of 5 to consume alcoholic beverages unless under medical supervision or in an emergency.
People over 17 are entitled to their own duty-free allowance, which includes alcohol.
It is illegal to sell, serve, offer or consume alcoholic beverages in public under the age of 18.
It is illegal to sell liqueur confectionery to anyone under 18, however, consumption is permitted.
People over 17 and over are entitled to their own duty-free allowance, which includes alcohol.
United Kingdom Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 (applies to all of the United Kingdom) Under the BBPA's Challenge 21 and Challenge 25 schemes, customers attempting to buy alcoholic beverages are asked to prove their age if in the retailer's opinion they look under 21 (or optionally 25) even though the law states they must be a minimum of 18. Many supermarket and off-licence chains display Challenge 21 (or Challenge 25) notices stating that they will not serve people who look under 21 (or 25) without ID.
Varies by state. Some states restrict possession and consumption to over 18, all states restrict purchasing to over 18. In some states, minors may consume alcohol in a private residence with parental permission.
Fiji 18 The drinking age was 21 from 2006 to 2009 but was lowered to 18 in 2009.
New Zealand None 18 Minimum age applies for beverages with 1.15% ABV or over; no restrictions on beverages less than 1.15% ABV.
Persons under 18 may drink outside private residences or private functions if accompanied by their parent or legal guardian. Alcohol may be supplied to minors only by, or with express consent from, their parent or legal guardian.
Palau 21 It is illegal to sell or serve any alcoholic beverage to a person under 21 years of age. Minors may access a bar or licensed premises only if accompanied by a parent or legal guardian. Minors buying, consuming or attempting to buy alcohol are committing an offence. The law provides an exception for the consumption of alcohol by minors as part of a religiously recognized ceremony.
Papua New Guinea 18 It is illegal for a minor to purchase, consume or attempt to purchase alcoholic beverages. Any licence holder has to ensure that the customer who he sells or serves alcohol to, is at least 18 years of age. Violation of this law is fined.
Samoa 21 Selling or serving alcohol to a person under the age of twenty-one years is punished with three hundred dollars or imprisonment for nine months or both, a fine and imprisonment.
Solomon Islands None 21 Selling or serving alcohol to a person under the age of twenty-one years old is punished with a three hundred dollar fine or imprisonment for nine months or both, a fine and imprisonment.
Tonga 18 Selling, serving or supplying alcohol to a minor is illegal. It is also illegal for minors to buy, attempt to buy or consume alcohol in any public place and any violation of this law is fined up to $1,000.
Vanuatu 18 It is unlawful to sell, serve or supply alcohol to any person under the age of 18 years. Violation of the law is fined up to VT 25,000 or by a term of imprisonment not exceeding 3 months, or by both, fine and imprisonment. Any minor under the age of 18 years, being found in possession or consumption of alcohol is fined up to VT 10,000.
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^ "BBPA Home - Industry Briefings - Challenge 21".
^ "ALCOHOL REFORM ISSUES PAPER" (PDF). samoalawreform.gov.ws. Samoa Law Reform Commission. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 September 2014. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
^ "Alcohol and young people". Victorian State Government, Department of Health, Australia. Archived from the original on 2010-03-04. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
^ "Offence for supplying alcohol to minors". Department of Health Victoria. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
^ a b "State lowers legal drink age - Fiji Times Online". Fijitimes.com. 2009-05-20. Archived from the original on 2014-01-11. Retrieved 2009-06-20.
^ The Drinking Age On Guam Is Now 21, Pacific News Center, July 8, 2010.
^ "Young people and alcohol". communitylaw.org.nz. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
^ "2 Interpretation -- Sale of Liquor Act 1989 No 63 (as at 01 July 2011), Public Act -- New Zealand Legislation Online". Parliamentary Counsel Office. 1 July 2011. Retrieved 2013-01-08.
^ "The law about supply to young people". Alcohol.org.nz. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
^ "H. B. No. 19-141 HDI SSI" (PDF). cnmilaw.org. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ a b "Alcoholic Beverage Control Act - § 1068. Sale or distribution to minors; purchase, possession, or consumption by minors". Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ "Liquor Act 2011 - Section 14" (PDF). Parliament of Samoa. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ a b c d "Section 72 of the Liquor Act (Ch. 144)". Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ Crimes, Procedure and Evidence Rules 2003, s50(3).
^ a b "INTOXICATING LIQUOR ACT - Section 65" (PDF). The Kingdom of Tonga, Attorney General's Office. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
^ a b "Liquor Licensing Act - Section 17". Pacific Islands Legal Information Institute. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
This page was last edited on 13 April 2019, at 20:12 (UTC).


"I stole a quarter from your wallet."
The new "Doctor Who" game coming out for Playstation 3, Playstation Vita, and PC. It's a sidescroller where you play as both River and The Doctor. It could be a nice diversion until we start getting new episodes again. Would you play this?
That's the last time I ask YOU to buy the Christmas decorations!
This should hold the audiences attention for the evening, we'll call it the "Show you Can't Stop Watching!"


I have been working on providing a user defined domain object to my C# ASP.NET nHibernate project. I have been undecided on which approach to take. One difficulty is that the the mapping files I am using are embedded so they cannot be changed. After some research I had been considering two options. Using a one-to-many look up table which contained all the custom attributes or using a dynamic-component mapping.
Today I wanted to create a for loop in XSLT based on the value of a variable similar to what you would do in any programming language. In XSLT it's a simple task to iterate through a number of elements using XSL for-each but it proved to be a bit trickier than I first thought to iterate over a variable.


The Sunset Cruise collection by American Tourister is bright and fun with the ultimate in hardside durable protection. Built to last, but ready for a party, Sunset Cruise is fashionable, funky, and easy to bring along on any trip! This three-piece hardside collection is ready to travel and gives fun-seekers of all ages unique and trendy color options, which include Summer Sky, Pink Berry, Apple Green, Nightshade and Cloud White. Sunset Cruise includes a 21" Spinner Upright, 24" Spinner Upright, and 29" Spinner Upright. When you're ready for a vacation adventure, the Sunset Cruise collection will get you there in functional style! Get more fun out of travel with American Tourister and the Sunset Cruise hardside collection – FUN NEVER GETS OLD!
The Sunset Cruise collection by American Tourister is bright and fun with the ultimate in hardside durable protection. Built to last, but ready for a party, Sunset Cruise is fashionable, funky, and easy to bring along on any trip! This three-piece hardside collection is ready to travel and gives fun-seekers of all ages unique and trendy color options, which include Summer Sky, Pink Berry, Apple Green, Nightshade and Cloud White. Sunset Cruise includes a 21" Spinner Upright, 24" Spinner Upright, and 29" Spinner Upright. When you're ready for a vacation adventure, the Sunset Cruise collection will get you there in functional style! Get more fun out of travel with American Tourister and the Sunset Cruise hardside collection – FUN NEVER GETS OLD! ABS scratch-resistant exterior; Single spinner wheels for a smooth ride; Fixed TSA 3 dial lock on 24" & 29" cases to keep belongings safe; Comfortable grip, retractable top and side carry handles; Book opening case with mesh divider; Cross straps in main compartment; Zipped modesty pocket; All cases expand 1.5" for additional packing room; Overall Measurements: 29 Inch - 31 x 22 x 13, weight 9.5 lbs; 24 Inch - 27 X 20 X 11, weight 7.2 lbs; 21 Inch - 22 x 15.9 x 11, wight 5.7 lbs.
Love the color it's so light perfect for my up coming Disney vacation.
Amazing product. This spinner not only looks great but seems super solid.
Smells awful, clears after airing for 5 days.
Don't buy this if you need to use it immediately. It needs to be aired out for a few days to get rid of the really horrible smell.
It is okay luggage. Would have liked stronger and sturdier handles.


text:
Derek Ball
RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra; Robert Houlihan (conductor); Matthew Jones (viola) National Concert Hall, Dublin3 February 2009Letterkenny-born composer Derek Ball's dalliance with composition was interrupted by a thirty-five year stint as a...
Rob Casey
RTÉ National Symphony Orchestra; Robert Houlihan (conductor); Matthew Jones (viola)
National Concert Hall, Dublin
Letterkenny-born composer Derek Ball's dalliance with composition was interrupted by a thirty-five year stint as a doctor in Scotland. While he continued composing during this time, since the mid 1990s he has applied himself full-time to music with no small amount of industry. This Horizons concert, the last in the series, brought together a collection of distinctive works that hinted at a fertile imagination straining at the leash without ever quite managing to unmoor itself entirely from the prosaic considerations to which it had tethered itself. Informing an audience that the composer has worked 'every four-note chord possible within the Western chromatic system' into one piece of music is as relevant to their listening experience as letting them know that the composer managed to finish the Times complex crossword puzzle on the day of the composition's inception. Process is often thought to be much more interesting than it is by composers and programme-note writers.
The opening work Aes Triplex 1, the first in a tripartite series of pieces, was infused with no small amount of colour and drama. The piece orbits around unremitting, contrary statements in the brass, led off by a bass trombone. The voluble brass section repeatedly punched holes in the impressionistic textures wrought by the strings, never allowing the work to sit still until it unceremoniously departed. Le monde des ombres smoothed out all the exciting angular topography of the opening work, and, despite much interesting contrapuntal interplay, was less engaging for it.
Much of the music had a definite programmatic bent, although the Glasgow-based composer William Sweeney's St Blane's Hill was the most explicit in this intent. The opening of Sweeney's piece was absorbing; it briefly threatened to develop into an intimate orchestration of a field recording, but unfortunately Sweeney saw fit to lather on rich layers of Scots-Gaelic folk melodies, which served to conjure up images of a Scottish Tourist Board advert.
Ball's viola concerto, Voilà was written in memory of the RTÉ Concert Orchestra violist, Charlie Maguire. Although the viola was amplified, it struggled to compete with the force of the orchestral writing. Despite soloist Matthew Jones attacking the part with the demonstrative exuberance of a man wrestling an electric eel, much of his efforts were subsumed in the orchestra's muscular sound. This was a shame because, when the viola did manage to battle its way to the fore, it suggested a solo part of energy and intensity the match of Jones' vigour.
Thirty-five years is a not inconsiderable sabbatical to take from the music game, but Bell has obviously been harbouring substantial resources of creativity. Such is the state of the economy, perhaps, that many more erstwhile composers may yet be returned to the profession from other, once secure, careers.
Published on 1 April 2009
Rob Casey is a Dublin-based musician and composer of electronic and acoustic music.
Concert Planner: 11–17 March 2019
The week's concerts from Monday to Sunday. To have your concert included next week (18–24 March), please add it to the Journal of Music listings service.
Against Resignation: An Interview with Raymond Deane
Is there a lack of solidarity among composers? Will classical music ever become a part of Ireland's national consciousness? And have young Irish composers unwittingly subscribed to a code of musical prohibitions influenced by the US? In a wide-ranging interview, Raymond Deane, whose new opera 'Vagabones' will be premiered in 2019, discusses aesthetics, politics and occasional strokes of good luck with Adrian Smith.
RTÉ Lyric FM to Commission Concerto for Irish Harp and Orchestra
Concerto will be one of three new works commissioned to mark Lyric FM's 20th anniversary in 2019.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If you are running a business and trying to take it to the next level, you may somehow feel overwhelmed. Why? Because there is a lot you need to take care of, so how will you be able to create the most effective digital marketing strategy for your business in 2019?
Below is a list of 15 steps you need to follow to create a powerful digital marketing strategy.
Have an instagram account for your business? Not yet? Then don't let slip you by. People of the current generation, especially the younger ones have laid emphasis on one of the most preferred social media platforms.
Bragging about more than 700 million active users each month, advertisers are making the most of this unique platform for the sake of sharing their content by means of filtered photos. Instagram is a great, natural way that allows you to share content for your brand in the most effective way. It always pays to stay one step ahead considering the cut-throat competition in 2019.
also examine data from various social media platforms allowing businesses to grasp the fact how end users, as well as consumers, find their products and services.
your business because they seem similar to all those customers you are concerned about. Upon the usage of custom audiences, creating a lookalike audience can be taken into consideration will be the right thing to do.
What papers do they read on a daily basis?
You must think about identifying your target audience is to create buyer personas. A persona is nothing but a description of a person who might display an interest to buy your products or services.
Make a list of your competitors and conduct a research on them to find out how they are implementing the techniques and utilizing marketing trends to win over customers. Discover the products of your products and services and make sure you make every possible attempt to know what they are up to and doing to gain the trust of their customers.
will show you the right way allowing you to categorize classify the digital assets or channels you're making an extensive use of.
Planning in the dark would not do you any good, nor will it be beneficial for your business. When you evaluate the past success and failures of your digital marketing strategy in 2019, doing so can assist you in focusing on setting the finest Key Performance Indicators or KPIs for the business.
It's very important that you define the overall objective of your business. It must integrate with your business plan. Don't forget that having an objective is very imperative for your business as it revolves around it.
marketer, can forget in the middle of the setting of the KPI. Ensure that you cater to your audiences' emotional needs and that you satisfy their desires.
Are you a social media marketer who's yet not made display advertising work to your advantage? You have no idea what you are missing out on. Display advertising will help your clients enjoy one of the highest ROIs (Return On Investments). Moreover, they will get effective brand exposure and better conversion rates.
SEO, an acronym for Search Engine Optimization, is essential for every business looking to gain an effective web presence. You must have your website optimized as it's become more of a necessity.
If your graphics give an appealing look on a variety of social media channels in 2018, you're bound to receive great interaction. It will be wise if you hire a professional graphic designer will work on stunning images for you.
Every resource must be considered before making that final call what you might need.
Being a business owner, do you send out only one email per month? If so, you need to double this number and start sending at least two emails. If your business has something appealing to share with subscribers on the email list, let them know by means of an email.
Do you know that you can utilize a plethora of useful tools that will allow you to automate your digital marketing strategy? It will help you create user profiles and send an effective message.
How to plan your Digital Marketing Strategy in 2019?
We're living in a digital era, and there is no denying the fact that digital marketing has taken all over the world. Doesn't it seem to you that digital marketing is more of a new social community that you have to be an inseparable part of or just another advertisement platform you have to have hands-on experience of? The change pours a firm pressure on you to cope with everything, but it's important for you to prepare and be enthusiastic to come up with successful digital marketing.


text:
Park Dolinka Służewska – park miejski w Warszawie, w dzielnicy Mokotów, ograniczony ulicami Dolina Służewiecka od południa i wschodu, Bacha od północy, aleją Wilanowską od północnego wschodu i ulicą Puławską od zachodu. We wschodniej części jest przecięty ulicą Nowoursynowską. Nad środkową częścią parku przebiega wiadukt w ciągu al. Harcerzy Rzeczypospolitej.

Opis
Park położony jest w dolinie Potoku Służewieckiego, obejmuje obszar 22,8 ha terenów zielonych i stawów (w kierunku od ul. Puławskiej do Nowoursynowskiej: Stawy Kaczeńcowy Górny i Kaczeńcowy Dolny, Stawy Nenufarowe, Staw Niezapominajki, Staw Czarcie Oczko (Trzykrotki), Staw Parzydło, Stawy Irysowy Górny i Irysowy Dolny). Został zaprojektowany i założony po wybudowaniu przyległego do parku osiedla Służew nad Dolinką w latach 70. XX wieku. Projektantem był Longin Majdecki.

Na terenie parku znajdują się pozostałości dawnej wsi Służew – zachowała się część zabudowań jednego z gospodarstw przy ulicy Tarniny. W parku wzniesiono też siedzibę Służewskiego Domu Kultury.

Poprzez przejście pod ulicą Puławską park łączy się z terenami zielonymi wokół Stawu Służewieckiego, a poprzez przejście pod wiaduktem ulicy Dolina Służewiecka z parkiem im. Romana Kozłowskiego w dzielnicy Ursynów.

Przypisy

Bibliografia
 Park Dolinka Służewska na stronach Urzędu m.st. Warszawy

Służew
Dolinka Służewska, park

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 1-6, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 7-13, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 15-19, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 21-28, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 29-36, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 37-41, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 43-49, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 51-55, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 57-63, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 65-71, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 73-79, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 81-86, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 87-92, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 93-98, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 99-104, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 105-110, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 111-117, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 119-126, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 127-131, 2016.
Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 64, 133-139, 2016.


Edward Lear wrote these Poems over 150 years ago. They have always been a delight for me. I read them as a child and I read them to my children.
Here I have assembled all the poems for which I have composed songs. They are print ready. Print the colored pages back to back and fold. Sing along with the CD!
These are NOT my compositions, however, I did spend quite a bit of time getting them print ready.


There are 9 top-rated dog groomers in your area and 11 to avoid.
Business Description: Salon, self service and mobile grooming.
. I never had used their service and only heard about them through a neighbor. I was so please. They ended up doing two dogs (mine and my parents) and we both loved the cuts.


Vladimir Putin should be enrolled in efforts to stabilise Libya, Syria, and Iraq – ending his Ukraine-related international isolation – provided that the Minsk ceasefire deal is fully respected, Italian prime minister Matteo Renzi said on a trip to Moscow on Thursday (5 March).
Before meeting Italian businessmen active in Russia, prime minister Dmitry Medvedev and president Putin, a black-tied Renzi headed to a bridge near the Kremlin to pay tribute to slain opposition politician Boris Nemtsov, who was gunned down last Friday.
He left six carnations at the scene, bound by a ribbon with the colours of Italy's national flag: green, white, and red.
Relations between Russia and the EU are at a historic low following Moscow's annexation of Crimea and its support for anti-Ukrainian fighters in Donetsk and Lugansk. The two sides are locked in a sanctions war, and the EU has suspended bilateral summits with Putin, even if individual leaders from the bloc continue to meet him.
Renzi said his visit was taking place against "a difficult backdrop, linked to the European sanctions and the Russian counter-sanctions, which are obviously a problem for both sides."
Italy has suffered a record-length recession over the past three-and-a-half years, and EU-wide economic restrictions on trade with Russia, one of its primary export markets, have made it worse.
Suggesting a path for renewed diplomatic co-operation, Renzi said it was crucial to enlist Russia's help in fighting Islamic State in the Middle East and North Africa, starting from Libya, a former Italian colony which has descended into chaos and which has become the main transit country for Europe-bound sea migrants and refugees.
"I think that it is key that Russia plays a decisive role on this field," Renzi said.
"History has shown that without Russia it is a lot more complicated to find a balance [in international crises]," he added.
In a symbolic gesture, Renzi also invited Putin to visit the Expo 2015 world fair to be hosted in Milan from May to October. The Russian president, who was already hosted in the northern Italian city in October for an Asia-Europe summit, is expected to visit again on 10 June, the Italian premier said.
The two leaders took no questions from journalists, but only read statements. Earlier, Renzi spoke to Russian state media, including the Itar Tass news agency.
In the interview, he stressed the need to "respect Ukraine's sovereignty and restore the full control of the borders," but also to guarantee "the autonomy" of the country's eastern regions, which are home to many Russian speakers. Renzi suggested that Italy's arrangement for its German-speaking region of South Tyrol could be a model.
"We will see in the next weeks and months, as the path of constitutional reforms in Ukraine advances, if and how our contribution to this end could be useful," he said.
Putin said he agreed with Renzi that both sides in the Ukrainian conflict "must strictly comply with the agreements reached on 12 February, in Minsk," with the help of German chancellor Angela Merkel and French president Francois Hollande.
"I am sure it will open possibilities for a comprehensive peace settlement and establishing direct dialogue between Kiev, Donetsk and Lugansk," the Kremlin boss noted.
"The situation there, as you know, is still difficult but at least combat actions have stopped, people are no longer dying, settlements are no longer destroyed," he added.
Putin also praised Italy as a "privileged partner" of Russia and said economic ties were "in a very good state" despite "losses related to well-known events" – a clear reference to the sanctions war.
He also found time to compliment EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherini, who previously served as Renzi's foreign minister, ahead of her planned visit to Moscow.
He hailed her as "a good representative of the Italian republic, and of Italian women."
Renzi will on Thursday become the latest EU leader to meet Putin, in an event described as "grotesque" by one Polish MEP.
Spain on Tuesday joined a growing list of EU countries which are publicly critical of Russia sanctions and keen to mend ties.
Italy is due to shed the tradition of having the most short-lived governments in the EU, after this week's approval of a new electoral law championed by Renzi.