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Change History!
1992 interactive map
<< 1988 1996 >>
The United States presidential election of 1992 had three major candidates: Incumbent Republican President George H. W. Bush; Democrat Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton, and independent Texas businessman Ross Perot.
Bush had alienated much of his conservative base by breaking his 1988 campaign pledge against raising taxes, the economy was in a recession, and Bush's perceived greatest strength, foreign policy, was regarded as much less important following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the relatively peaceful climate in the Middle East after the defeat of Iraq in the Gulf War.
Clinton won a plurality in the popular vote, and a wide Electoral College margin.
Popular Votes
William J. Clinton Democratic 370 44,909,889
George Bush (I) Republican 168 39,104,545
Ross Perot Independent 0 19,742,267
California electoral votes now >10% of total; greatest concentration since New York in 1868
Independent candidate H. Ross Perot received 19,741,065 votes, most ever for a 3rd party candidate, but no Electoral Votes
Popular vote totals from Federal Elections 92.
Issues of the Day: Persian Gulf War, Fall of Berlin Wall and Breakup of Soviet Union, Recession
Nebraska shifts from winner-take-all to congressional district method for allocating electoral votes
Margin of Victory Map
This map is shaded by how large the popular vote difference was between the two nominees. It is a way to view the relative competitiveness of each state. These maps are also available as a timeline for each election from 1972-2020.
Historical Elections Home Historical Elections Timeline Presidential Image Gallery


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Supreme Court Rules on Gerrymandering and Census
Editor's note: We couldn't be more proud of one of our teammates, Isaac Rose-Berman, who penned his first op-ed this week in USA Today: "How college students can bridge American divides: 'Study abroad' in Alabama or New York." Please give it a read, and share far and wide!
Last Thursday, the Supreme Court "ruled that courts should stay out of disputes over partisan gerrymandering – that is, allegations that redistricting maps were drawn to favor one political party at another's expense. The practice of partisan gerrymandering may be distasteful, the court concluded, but it is a problem that politicians and the political process, rather than courts, should solve." SCOTUS Blog
The court also ruled on Thursday that the justification that the government offered at the time for including the citizenship question [on the census] was just a pretext [and sent the case back to the lower courts]. The decision left open the possibility that the Trump administration could try again to add the citizenship question, but the clock is ticking: The government has repeatedly told the justices, in urging them to resolve the case quickly, that it needs to finalize the census questionnaire by the end of [June]." SCOTUS Blog
From the Left
The left is generally critical of the gerrymandering decision, and argues that the court should have ruled more explicitly against the citizenship question on the census.
"It enshrines the idea that politicians can choose their people rather than people choosing their politicians. And it will lead inevitably, consistent with partisan self-interest, to fewer competitive general elections, pushing political power at the congressional and state legislative level further toward the extremes -- and those bodies usually are the breeding ground for our senators, governors and presidents. Washington's inability to reason together to solve common problems is a result of this rot, and it's about to get far worse…
"The chief justice expressed faith in the fact that redistricting reforms are going forward on a state-by-state basis. But his faith belies the obvious fact that those reform efforts are almost always the result of ballot initiatives, in which concerned citizens have bypassed the state legislatures out of necessity. And even that's not always enough. In Missouri, voters approved a nonpartisan redistricting reform initiative in 2018, and afterward, Republican Gov. Mike Parson led an effort to repeal it, saying that the issue was too complicated for 'the standard person' to grasp. It's a story we see over and over: Incumbents don't want redistricting reform."
John Avlon, CNN
"Leaving this problem to be solved in the political process makes no sense: legislators who benefit from partisan gerrymandering are obviously not going to change the process. The court effectively put the fox in charge of the hen house. The majority decision is also anti-historical: the court can – and does – create legal standards, as it has in so many other areas, for when gerrymandering goes too far and violates the constitution. The court did exactly this in the 1960s, when it held that malapportionment of state legislatures violated the constitution. Prior to that, many state legislatures were badly malapportioned – there might be one district with 50,000 people and another with 250,000… The court should have dealt with partisan gerrymandering the same way."
Erwin Chemerinsky, The Guardian
"Roberts doesn't dispute the toxic evils of partisan gerrymandering. He simply suggests that it has always been with us, ignoring how granular voter data and sophisticated GIS mapping systems make today's gerrymanders far more pernicious than any other time in our history… [He] suggests that voters have the power to undo even the most gerrymandered map, ignoring this entire decade of election results, nationwide, that have weighted political power toward the party that drew the maps, with almost zero exceptions… The court should be more honest. They don't lack the tools. They simply refuse to use them to defend voting rights."
David Daley, The Guardian
Counterpoint: "The Constitution confers voting rights and representational rights on individuals—not on political parties… What reformers were asking the Court to do, in effect, is give formal, constitutional sanction to parties, by requiring that districts be drawn with an eye not just to representing every vote fairly (that's one person, one vote), but to representing every party fairly, too, according to its share of the total votes. One can argue for or against that change, but it is much more than a technical or mechanical reform. It is a big step toward parliamentary government—a change in the constitutional order, and one whose results are, again, entirely unforeseeable…
"Even in principle, there is no neutral, nonpolitical, and noncontroversial way to draw district lines… If you think abortion has politicized judicial nominations, just wait until judges are in the business of approving congressional districts. Even more than today, every judicial nominee will be vetted for party loyalty. Judges will become even harder to confirm. Partisans and interest groups will redouble their all-out warfare over the courts. And politicians and pundits will redouble their court bashing… extreme gerrymandering needs to be curtailed, but not by politicizing the courts, rewiring the Constitution, and setting off all kinds of unpredictable consequences. It needs to be done the hard way: by changing the state and federal laws that govern redistricting."
Jonathan Rauch, The Atlantic
Regarding the census, "the Trump administration came up with a preposterous lie to justify the change, that they needed it to properly enforce the Voting Rights Act. Emails obtained in a lawsuit and documents from a dead Republican consulant's hard drive showed that the purpose of adding the question was to enhance the power of whites, Republicans, and white Republicans… [Chief Justice Roberts] remanded the issue back to the Department of Commerce (which oversees the Census) for further review. It was as though he said, 'Please come up with a less ridiculous lie to justify this, and then we may let you move forward.'"
Paul Waldman and Greg Sargent, Washington Post
"By declaring that the United States will respond with airstrikes to any attacks on American targets or assets, Mr. Trump is drawing a bright red line that Iran cannot cross. And yet, Iran relies on a network of proxy actors from Yemen, Syria, Iraq and Lebanon. Must they all respect Mr. Trump's red line? There are plenty of hotheads in those proxy forces that will be incensed by the assassination, the same way young men with weapons and minimal discipline often are… Mr. Trump can't keep an entire region from crossing his red line, making violent conflict all the more likely if the president holds to it…
"It is crucial that influential Republican senators like Lindsey Graham, Marco Rubio and Mitch McConnell remind Mr. Trump of his promise to keep America out of foreign quagmires and keep Mr. Trump from stumbling further into war with Iran."
Editorial Board, New York Times
Others argue that "Biden was almost the only one on the stage who talked like a normal person. There was a point near the end of the debate when he was talking about getting men involved in stopping domestic violence and he said that we need to keep 'punching' at it… I knew that the twitterati and the analysts would tut tut. Ol' Joe is just out of touch! He doesn't know you can't use words like that. Meanwhile, every non-political junkie watching the debate thought there was nothing wrong with this. Biden was just using ordinary language, not worrying too much if it was fully approved by the woke brigade."
Kevin Drum, Mother Jones
From the Right
The right supports the decision on partisan gerrymandering, but is disappointed that the court did not uphold the citizenship question on the census.
"Whether we approve of the practice or not, both parties have used gerrymandering since the inception of the nation. The origins of the expression itself go back to 1812… As [Chief Justice] Roberts noted, not even the Founders could provide a satisfactory remedy to the problem… [but] nowhere did the Framers suggest that unelected judges should usurp the power of the legislature and just do the work on their own."
David Harsanyi, New York Post
"One of the hardest tasks of a judge is not to take action when faced with a serious problem the law doesn't address… there are many problems that are not appropriate for judicial review and that our Constitution commits to the political process… For over 200 years, legislators have been tasked with drawing district lines, and there have been partisan complaints for just as long. Some states have addressed the issue by passing their own laws or constitutional amendments regulating how districts are drawn, which is an effective practical solution. But the Supreme Court cannot invent a standard out of whole cloth to govern redistricting questions – that is a task committed by the Constitution to the state and federal legislatures…
"While Courts do have a constitutional role in ensuring elections are free of racial discrimination, the same can't be said of political jockeying. Nothing in the Constitution forbids political and even partisan forces from playing a role in elections; indeed they are virtually unavoidable. By trying to police the political process, courts will only be drawn into it."
Carrie Severino, Fox News
"Democrats have used gerrymandering as a weapon against Republicans for decades. The only reason Democrats are screaming now is because they lost so badly in 2010, giving Republicans the ability to draw congressional lines for the past decade. Prior to 2010, Democrats controlled most state legislatures and controlled Congress until the mid-'90s. As the South and Midwest slipped away, so to did their abilities to draw lines. Then, suddenly, gerrymandering became a problem… Instead of complaining about the rules we have had for 200 years — rules under which Democrats were winning just eight years ago — perhaps they should try winning instead."
Erick Erickson, Daily Wire
Furthermore, "computer modeling has suggested that most of the Republican advantage in congressional districts can be explained by residential patterns (i.e., Democratic concentration in urban areas) rather than partisan mapmaking. To the extent that progressive critics wanted the courts to get involved not only in preventing partisan gerrymandering but in drawing lines to help Democrats out of a natural disadvantage, it is easy to see why the justices were hesitant to get into that business…
"The reality is that the observable impact of partisan gerrymanders on partisan control of the House of Representatives is fairly modest, prone to breaking down over time, and no barrier to frequent changes in control of the chamber. It is not a problem requiring radical solutions, and it is one we can work out without involving the courts."
Dan McLaughlin, National Review
Regarding the census, "the administration's process was chaotic and unprofessional, leaving behind a trail of evidence that the government's stated justification for the citizenship question (that it would aid enforcement of the Voting Rights Act) may have been a pretext… But as Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito spelled out in separate opinions, it is not the Court's job to play psychoanalyst, and the decision paves the way for courts to scrutinize policymakers' motives much more broadly… The census has asked about citizenship numerous times stretching back about two centuries. The Court's job was to make sure the administration had an adequate explanation for adding the question back in — as Roberts conceded it did — not to look behind that explanation for ulterior motives."
The Editors, National Review
"As the Supreme Court noted, all but one census taken from 1820 to 2000 included a question about citizenship or place of birth for at least some portion of the population. And since 2000, a citizenship question has been on the American Community Survey – a mini-census sent out every year to a large sample of American households… The question now is whether Justice Department lawyers can produce evidence needed to convince the lower court to approve the citizenship question before time runs out, or whether the census can be postponed to give the administration more time."
Hans von Spakovsky, Fox News
"If the Secretary can muster up an alternate justification--for example, the states are interested in using citizen data to draw their maps--then the census question will survive."
Josh Blackman, Twitter
"President Trump should be happy. As much as Warren is articulate, obviously intelligent, and energetically supported by Democrats, she would also be far easier to defeat than Joe Biden… Considering Trump's economy, the president is well placed to defeat Warren."
Tom Rogan, Washington Examiner
A libertarian's take
"While running for president in 2000, George W. Bush derided 'nation building' and said American foreign policy should be 'humble' rather than 'arrogant.' As president, Bush brought us the disastrous wars in Afghanistan and Iraq… While running for president in 2007, Barack Obama rejected the idea that the president has the authority to wage war without congressional authorization whenever he thinks it is in the national interest… As president, Obama did that very thing in Libya… A few years before his 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump said the U.S. should withdraw immediately from Afghanistan… As president, he sent more troops to Afghanistan…
"Three men with little or no foreign policy experience entered an office where they were surrounded by experts, and they quickly shed their initial skepticism of military intervention… we should worry about a president with little knowledge of the world whose military decisions are driven by anger or domestic political considerations. But it's not clear to me that such a president poses a bigger danger than the experts who have been disastrously wrong more times than we can count."
Jacob Sullum, Reason
On the bright side...
'Cow cuddling' is apparently a thing now.
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If you've managed to find an excuse to get all glammed up tonight, we here at InStyle applaud you. Channel your inner movie star and slip on a gown rendered in luxe metallic—bonus points if it features a cut-out shoulder (because haven't you heard? It's only the trend that dominated the 2017 Golden Globes red carpet). Top off the look with other hints of glimmer, as you do, and don't forget to load on the glamour with a faux fur coat, you A-lister, you.


Set predominately in London, Unlocked follows former CIA agent Alice Racine (Noomi Rapace), who is brought back into action as suspicions arise that the capital might be under threat from a biological bomb. After she is tricked into providing information to the wrong side she rushes around the city hunting those behind the bomb and trying to stop the potential attack, with both American and British secret services questioning her actions and allegiances.
The setup may sound a bit clichéd but overall a good job is done of making the film appear different and interesting. If anything there is probably a bit too much going on. The plot has a few too many strands and there are times when the film struggles to keep them all working together. Thrillers can often be at their best when they tell simple stories rather than when they become overly complicated. Unlocked has too many storylines that become confusing as they overlap in the final third. This is not helped by an anticlimactic ending that undoes much of the good work done in the previous scenes.
There is also a strange blend of casting, with well-known Hollywood actors joined by unknown British performers. So much effort is put into making scenes feel realistic and gritty that it is odd that the likes of Michael Douglas, John Malkovich, and Orlando Bloom were all given major roles. Instead of feeling like natural casting choices they feel like they have been shoehorned into a film that was doing well without them. In the end they only distract from everything else that is going on and only make the story seem more disjointed.
This fragmented feeling is only enhanced by the dialogue. At its best the dialogue moves the story on at a good pace, but on occasion conversations end up being awkward and this can result in a loss of momentum and tension. There are similar issues with the opening sequences, where the premise and Racine's return to action are setup in a clumsy and heavy handed way.
Despite its flaws once it gets going Unlocked is a slick and tense action thriller. The action sequences are well shot and there is a real sense of jeopardy to each moment. There might be moments where the film stagnates, but in between it is gripping and genuinely thrilling. On more than a couple occasions the action sequences had me jumping in my seat.
Behind the camera, Michael Apted brings over 40 years of experience, with director credits which include Coal Miner's Daughter (1980), Nell (1994), The World Is Not Enough (1999), and Amazing Grace (2006), as well as the Up documentary series. The direction is controlled and gives the sense that Apted knows how every eventually will play out, even if the characters don't.
After an awkward and uncertain start, Unlocked settles into a mostly tense and well played out spy thriller that is at times let down by some disjointed dialogue and an anticlimactic ending. For the most part it is engaging and exciting, but there are too many lulls and losses of momentum for Unlocked to be anything other than an average thriller.


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This is an outstanding P4 Rover finished in dark blue with mid blue leather upholstery with an excellent walnut dashboard. The vendor has stated that the mileage is correct and that she has had 5 owners.
It is rare to find a car of this age with its original service book, which contains 20 stamps, mileage showing in 1963 – '78 44, 660. She still has the original service guide and warranty, the distributor and dealers directory and the drivers manual. Continuing with the history, we have 16 old MOT's mileage showing in 97 71,394 to the August 16th MOT mileage showing 83,200. We also have an old V5 and a photocopy of a slightly more modern V5 which go to back up the vendors statement of the car having had 5 owners. Together with the MOT's and all the original books, we have a large history file which will give the purchaser great pleasure to study.
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Followup to "Scaling the HDFS NameNode (part 1)".
This article continues where part 1 left off. It describes a few more configuration settings that can be enabled in HDP or Apache Hadoop clusters to help the NameNode scale better.
This article is for Hadoop administrators who are familiar with HDFS and its components. If you are using Ambari you should know how to manage services and configurations with Ambari. It is assumed that you have read part 1 of the article.
The Hadoop RPC server consists of a single RPC queue per port and multiple handler (worker) threads that dequeue and process requests. If the number of handlers is insufficient, then the RPC queue starts building up and eventually overflows. You may start seeing task failures and eventually job failures and unhappy users.
It is recommended that the RPC handler count be set to 20 * log2(Cluster Size) with an upper limit of 200.
e.g. for a 250 node cluster you should initialize this to 20 * log2(250) = 160. The RPC handler count can be configured with the following setting in hdfs-site.xml.
This heuristic is from the excellent Hadoop Operations book. If you are using Ambari to manage your cluster this setting can be changed via a slider in the Ambari Server Web UI.
Note: If you have not enabled the Service RPC port already please do so first as described here.
There is no precise calculation for the Service RPC handler count however the default value of 10 is too low for most production clusters. We have often seen this initialized to 50% of the dfs.namenode.handler.count in busy clusters and this value works well in practice.
e.g. for the same 250 node cluster you would initialize the service RPC handler count with the following setting in hdfs-site.xml.
The Lifeline protocol is a feature recently added by the Apache Hadoop Community (see Apache HDFS Jira HDFS-9239). It introduces a new lightweight RPC message that is used by the DataNodes to report their health to the NameNode. It was developed in response to problems seen in some overloaded clusters where the NameNode was too busy to process heartbeats and spuriously marked DataNodes as dead.
For a non-HA cluster, the feature can be enabled with the following setting in hdfs-site.xml (replace mynamenode.example.com with the hostname or IP address of your namenode). The port number can be different too.
For an HA cluster, the lifeline RPC port can be enabled with settings like the following, replacing mycluster, nn1 and nn2 appropriately.
Additional lifeline protocol settings are documented in the HDFS-9239 release note but these can be left at their default values for most clusters.
Note: Changing the lifeline protocol settings requires a restart of the NameNodes, DataNodes and ZooKeeper Failover Controllers to take full effect. If you have NameNode HA setup, you can restart the NameNodes one at a time followed by a rolling restart of the remaining components to avoid cluster downtime.
That is it for Part 2. In Part 3 of this article we will explore how to enable two new HDFS features to help your NameNode scale better.


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Now Reading OPINION: The KMT Wants to Revise the 1992 Consensus. It Misses the Point.
OPINION: The KMT Wants to Revise the 1992 Consensus. It Misses the Point.
Hiro Fu
Hiro Fu is an undergraduate studying politics and media at the University of California, Berkeley. He is from Taipei, Taiwan.
The KMT's proposed revision of its policy toward China misses the point. Taiwan has largely moved on from the KMT's basic approach towards China.
The swift downfall of Kaohsiung mayor Han Kuo-yu was only the most recent setback for the Kuomintang (KMT) in 2020. After appearing ascendant in the 2018 elections, the party lost both the presidential and parliamentary elections to the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) in January, and watched on the sidelines as credit for Taiwan's successful Covid-19 response redounded to the DPP.
Photo Credit: Reuters / TPG Images
Han Kuo-yu during his mayoral campaign in Kaohsiung, 2018.
A poll conducted by the Taiwan Brain Trust in April estimates that less than 10 percent of Taiwanese believe that the KMT best reflects citizens' personal political ideologies. This sense of crisis is the context for the KMT's new proposal on the 1992 consensus.
But the proposal doesn't address the crux of the KMT's unpopularity: its continuing fixation on cross-strait discourse, while Taiwan has largely moved on.
The background: 1992 consensus
The KMT's cross-strait policy has in recent years rested on the 1992 consensus, which refers to the idea that there is an understanding between the KMT and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), in which each side acknowledges "one China," but allows each party to provide its own interpretation of what China refers to.
Though the expression "1992 consensus" was invented well after 1992, the term has currency. The KMT and many Taiwanese believe there was a consensus reached in 1992, and China's President Xi Jinping calls on Taiwan to adhere to it.
China's President Xi Jinping
Upholding the 1992 Consensus was beneficial to the Ma Ying-jeou administration in building ties with Beijing, notably through the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement in 2010. More importantly, claiming the mantle of the 1992 consensus positions the party as the true protector of the constitution of the Republic of China.
The KMT's proposed change
The 1992 consensus discourse has not aged well, with public opinion largely centered on a Taiwanese identity. Instead, President Tsai has proposed a "Taiwan Consensus," which may be less historically grounded, but also more reflective of the political beliefs of many Taiwanese.
Seeing the writing on the wall, KMT Chairman Johnny Chiang has repeatedly pledged to reform the party, including a revision of its cross-strait discourse. However, the newest "four pillars" proposed by the party's Reform Committee does not stray far from the 1992 Consensus; it still perceives the CCP as a friendly partner in building mutual success.
KMT Chairman Johnny Chiang, June 19, 2020.
The KMT's "four pillars" discourse paints a distorted picture of the CCP. In clause two, the KMT not only pushes for a "Cross-Strait Human Rights Agreement," but hopes that China will "accelerate its implementation of a democratic system," both of which view the CCP through rose colored glasses. There's no reason, in 2020, to be optimistic that the CCP will respect the sovereignty of Taiwan in the long term or cooperate in pursuing joint interests, let alone agree to human rights reforms.
The proposal is not the long-awaited revision that centrist KMT supporters were hoping for. While many believe that a hardline anti-China cross-strait discourse is necessary to regain the party's popularity, the weak reforms reveal how difficult it will be to make this happen.
The KMT will never be able to fully divest itself of its historical attachment to China. Given this disadvantageous position under the current political climate, the KMT needs to choose its battles more wisely. The only way it can do this is by de-emphasizing cross-strait relations.
Great potential as an opposition party — if cross-strait discourse can be downplayed
The KMT caucus's recent press conferences have shown the party easing into its role in the opposition. KMT legislators have astutely highlighted flaws within the DPP's proposed legislation.
For example, the KMT proposed in April that Covid-19 relief grants should be proportional and issued in cash. This was turned down by the DPP in favor of a more complex program, which was implemented so chaotically that Premier Su Tseng-chang eventually apologized. In this case, the KMT has shown its potential to keep the DPP honest.
Premier Su Tseng-chang explaining the government's Covid-19 stimulus, April 22, 2020.
Though KMT Chairman Johnny Chiang has great ambitions to reform the party, the odds are stacked against him. Hard work in the legislature will bring supporters back into the fold, but all kinds of problems remain unaddressed, from pro-unification political forces, populism, to factional divisions within the party.
If the KMT successfully commits to substantive reform by reducing the centrality of cross-strait relations to its self-conception as a party, mass reshuffling, if not an all-out exodus of party members can be expected. The DPP faced its own identity crisis not so long ago, but it was able to rally in time for the elections. The KMT may need to take a page from the DPP's book, but the KMT does seem to be in worse shape than the DPP was after 2018.
The only certainty is that fixating on cross-strait discourse will not be in the interests of the KMT's success. The KMT isn't and shouldn't be a one-trick pony as the party of China relations, but the proposed reforms only sidestepped the main obstacle.
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One of the first 1000 built, a one owner MGF 1.8i with just 13,824 miles.
Reinforced body structure, door side intrusion beams, drivers airbag, body-colour bumpers and trim, tinted glass, bright sill finishers, seat belt pretensioners, fuel tank cage, high tensile tubes in A pillars, laminated windscreen, high level brake lamp, remote central with superlocking, Thatcham Category 2 immobiliser, perimetric and volumetric alarm system, electric windows, halogen headlamps, hood cover, drop down bin and cup holders. Dealership accessories; MG fitted mud flaps. Anniversary extras; MG tailored car cover, MG 2nd anniversary limited edition Old Specked Hen fine ale, MG card holder.
This beautiful very early MGF is finished in vibrant Flame Red, (Code COF), a rare colour used only on initial cars prior to the introduction of the more common Solar Red, along with orange indicator lenses fitted to only the early cars. The amazing credentials of one owner and 13,824 miles separate this example from the usual offerings with the condition entirely in keeping with the remarkably low mileage. The vibrant paintwork boasts a lustrous deep shine and polished finish. All panels are straight and display excellent shut lines and fit. The underside is very clean and free from excess applied underseal to allow easy inspection of the structural integrity. All trim pieces and MG badges are excellent, as is the factory black fabric hood with clear and undamaged plastic screen. The supplying MG dealer sticker remains in the front screen. This example is one for the collector.
The comfortable cockpit features the early Red Fusion Fabric upholstery seats, (Code LQR), which remain in pristine condition, as to be expected of such low mileage. The flawless dashboard boasts subtle differences to the later cars, such as the pen holder and taller gear stick, as well as the non-leather sports steering wheel. All control and functions operate perfectly including the original MG 741 stereo cassette. Both front and rear luggage areas are surprisingly spacious and spotless, the front compartment housing the spare wheel, jack and even showing factory PDI dots! A beautifully cherished and exceptionally well-preserved example.
The four-cylinder 1796cc engine produces 118bhp at 5500rpm and 165Nm torque at 3000rpm enabling a top speed of 120mph and 0-60 in just 8.5 seconds. The light weight body, mid-mounted engine and rear wheel drive configuration possesses all the correct sports car credentials to ensure optimum driver delight. A documented cambelt and water pump change was carried out in October 2018. The short throw sports ratio five speed gearbox completes the package.
The original and unrestored 15inch six-spoke style alloy wheels with the MG logo are in pristine condition with no damage whatsoever. Factory fitted Goodyear Eagle Touring tyres of size 185/55 R15 tyres up front and 205/50 R15 at the rear will please originality seekers, and while tread and rubber condition are good it would be a wise safety precaution to renew if the car is to be used. Ventilated front discs and solid rear discs offer positive straight-line stopping power.
Registered new by MG Rover Main Agent, Foxfield Rover of Wigan, on the 11th January 1996 following initial model launch the previous Autumn. Chassis number ending 938 denotes this as one of the first 1000 cars built. The original sales invoice for £17,135 and handover document is made out to the first and only owner, Mrs Jacqueline Reeman, who was bought the car by her husband as a gift and she has cherished it ever since! After one year of ownership, Mrs and Mrs Reeman were invited by MG Rover to the MGF 2nd Anniversary celebration at Silverstone, where upon arrival all cars were organised by colour in separate sections, and owners were presented with a limited edition boxed Old Specked Hen fine ale, MG card holder and MG car cover, all of which have incredibly been kept including the ale which has not been consumed!
The history file includes the original full book pack with service book, handbooks, guides and dealership literature as well as previous MOT certificates and invoices as well as three sets of keys with dealer fob. Having always been garaged and used as a weekend car, just 13,824 miles has been covered. This MGF will appeal to the discerning individual wanting a 21-year-old bottle of Old Speckled Hen as well as one of the absolute best and low mileage early MGF's in existence!
MOT July 2019, HPI Clear.


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Communications that change the world
Working on EUFA Women's Euro 2022
OMG what a tournament!!!! And whatever the result on Sunday I'm celebrating working on one of the most worthwhile and personal-to-me projects I've ever been part of within a clever and committed team at the National Football Museum, a city-wide team of event planners, Local Authority enablers, football legends and an FA team spanning the…
by Sarah E Galligan July 26, 2022
The SROI of sport and arts
I seem to have spent this year talking about the value of grassroots sport within the contect of global competitions. It's incredible. This year I worked on the Rugby League World Cup looking at the communication of their social impact programme – and I am currently working at the National Football Museum on Manchester's arts…
by Sarah E Galligan June 23, 2022
Sporting values are about playing fair – that's why they create headlines when they don't
Sporting values are about playing fair – that's why sport makes headlines when it doesn't Whilst every sector can have a negative impact on society, each also has a superpower in relation to its potential for the positive. And for me, working in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), sport is where it's at. It brings excitement…
by Sarah E Galligan June 23, 2022 June 23, 2022
Our Ride – from strategy to action
Working with British Cycling on their diversity and inclusion strategy – launched today – means that as well as sharing my knowledge, I have learned a lot about British Cycling and more about inclusion challenges within cycling and I've been happy to be on an action-orientated group. At the same time as working with British…
by Sarah E Galligan July 9, 2021 July 9, 2021
National day alert
We recently celebrated Transgender Day of Visibility. Done badly, national days are but a Twitter flutter and an excuse to greenwash 364 days of (in)activity, but done well, they're powerful, focus the mind and become hooks to hang activity on: March brings International Women's Day; October recognises cancer awareness activity. This year I celebrated Transgender…
by Sarah E Galligan April 13, 2021
Proud to sit on British Cycling's Diversity & Inclusion Advsory Group
I'm Sarah Galligan, founder of These Four Words and I am delighted to have been appointed to British Cycling's Diversity and Inclusion Advisory Group. It's a marriage of my commitment to diversity and inclusivity and passion for cycling. I've worked in corporate social responsibility for two decades. And I have a read a lot. And…
by Sarah E Galligan February 5, 2021
Engaging webinars
We're delivering our third webinar for Trek Bikes this week. Here's why Trek are doing it. And here's the value we've added. And that's why they're working with These Four Words.
by Sarah E Galligan November 25, 2020 April 13, 2021
The value of communication in a global world
Kellie Noon from Onno Consulting shares insights. "Communicating globally is something we can develop. It's a beautiful gift and tool and one we need to value."
by Sarah E Galligan November 23, 2020 May 17, 2021
Social value: an SME edge
I had an interesting conversation this week about procurement portals. Yes, you heard that right. James, an engineer, wasn't registered on a particular portal as he'd been advised some time ago that SMEs weren't welcome. They are now. Local Authorities have worked hard to split opportunities into smaller chunks to enable SMEs and local firms…
The value of social value
This week I presented to a networking group about These Four Words. I started the same as I always do. Hi, I'm Sarah Galligan from marketing agemcy These Four Words… because every story starts with once upon a time. I help companies tell the story of the value and the social value they bring. And…
by Sarah E Galligan October 2, 2020 November 12, 2020
Communications that change the world Website Built with WordPress.com.


This week there is a very simple exercise to assist you in seeing where your spiritual practice lies on your priority list and it shouldn't take more than half an hour of your time.
A lot of people get disillusioned with their spiritual practices because they feel they are working hard at it with little or no results. The first thing to point out here is that the minute your meditations become a means to an end, you have already missed the point. There is no action-reaction, activity-reward program going on in the spiritual realm. Meditation is done for its own sake, and in letting go of all desires and expectations you will find what you think you are looking for.
However, having said that, it is also true that if spirituality is important to you, it will be reflected in your life in how much of your time is dedicated to yourself and your inner world versus what is dedicated to the external world. Participating in the activity below will help you to see how much the external world is demanding your attention. This is why all the great Masters are always saying that there are plenty of teachers but very few dedicated disciples.
Make a list of everything you might do in a week. Include things like shopping (groceries, clothes, gifts etc), socialising (incl phone calls, emails to friends etc), eating (incl preparing food & washing dishes), travel (incl getting to work and back), sleeping, spiritual practices (incl meditating or attending church / temple / satsang, reading spiritual books, conscious breathing, etc), bathing & dressing (incl make-up, hair, brushing your teeth etc), working, entertainment (watching tv, movies, playing games, reading), sport or exercise, family time, etc.
Then allocate the amount of time spent on each activity every week. If it is something you do daily, like brushing your teeth, its easier to first figure out a daily time and then multiply this by seven. Be honest with yourself. Don't say that you spend 2 hours a day on exercise (you wish) when in fact its more like 15 minutes.
Then rearrange your list with the activity you spend the most time on at the top and that which you spend the least on at the bottom, and number them starting with 1 for the top priority.
The last task is to face up to where your spiritual practices fall on your priority list. You can then also use the list as a brainstorming session to see where you could increase awareness in other areas of your life to start moving spirituality up to Top Priority!
The list should give you a good idea of what is really important in your life, and can be a great exercise not just for your spiritual life, but also for seeing where other areas of your life could use some increasing in priority. To use the exercising as an example, you may be trying to lose weight but see that eating is #1 on your list and exercising falls to #15!
Remember, life is your spiritual practice – anything done in awareness will not only raise spirituality to the top of your priority list, but will also raise your level of consciousness.


This page displays sold house prices for Bluebell Crescent in Reading.
Bluebell Crescent in Woodley, Reading consists predominantly of detached houses. Properties on Bluebell Crescent typically have values around £450,000 - £650,000, but larger detached houses can command upwards of £650,000.
Map showing Bluebell Crescent in Reading.


Car theft is a larger threat in some cities than it is in others, but it's a crime that occurs just about everywhere. According to data from the FBI, one car is stolen in the US about every 43 seconds. Other sources peg the annual cost of stolen vehicles in the US at between 5 and 6 billion dollars. Since your car is probably one of the most expensive things you own, chances are good that you've given at least a passing thought to the subject of car alarms.
The main purpose of a car alarm is to deter theft, which can be accomplished by either scaring off would-be thieves or simply rendering the vehicle inoperable. Car alarms have come under fire for being less than effective, and even the most complicated devices can be bypassed by intelligent criminals, but there is evidence that a good car alarm can provide protection against crimes of opportunity.
At least one type of sensor.
Some type of noise-making siren or flashing lights.
A control unit to make it all work.
If you look at a very basic car alarm system that includes only these three components, it's pretty easy to see how the whole thing works.
In the most basic system possible, the sensor would be installed in the driver's door, and it would be wired to activate whenever the door was opened. With the system armed, opening the door would send a signal to the control unit. The control unit would then activate the siren, calling attention to the vehicle and hopefully scaring off the would-be thief.
In practice, car alarms are often much more complicated.
Most car alarms include radio receivers built into the control units, transmitters that take the form of key fobs, and a wide variety of different kinds of sensors. They can also be tied to a variety of vehicle systems, which can result in a number of effects.
What Are Car Alarm Sensors?
Car alarm sensors are the eyes and ears that the control unit uses to tell when someone is trying to break into the vehicle. These sensors work in a lot of different ways, but they all serve the same basic purpose.
Door sensors are the most basic and common sensors available, and they're found in virtually every car alarm system. These sensors can be installed in the doors, trunk, and hood of a car, and they allow the control unit to sense whenever someone opens anything up to gain access to the vehicle.
The reason door sensors are so common is that they usually tie right into switches that are already present in your car. If you've ever noticed that your dome light turns on and off when you open and close your door, that's caused by the same spring-loaded door switch that car alarms typically tie into.
Variations on this theme are hooked up to the door handles, which allows the control unit to sound the alarm the moment anyone touches the handle.
While door alarm sensors are usually pretty easy to install, they aren't foolproof. The biggest issue is that all a thief needs to do to bypass this type of sensor is to smash a window and climb in without opening the door.
Both pressure sensors and microphones operate on the same principle, but they serve slightly different purposes. Microphones detect the ambient sound level, which allows the control unit to monitor for sounds like breaking glass that indicate a theft in process.
Pressure sensors work on the same basic principle that microphones do, but they are set off when the pressure in the vehicle changes. Since breaking a window or opening a door will trigger a pressure change, this type of sensor can be relatively effective.
These sensors send a signal to the control unit if the vehicle is jostled in any way, and there are several different types of them. Some are mercury switches, and others are more complicated. Certain shock sensors are capable of communicating the severity of the movement to the control unit, which can then decide whether to set off the alarm or just issue a warning.
Since these sensors can be tripped by just bumping against a vehicle, they are often set off accidentally. It's also possible for someone to trip this type of sensor on purpose for malicious reasons or their own amusement.
Most car alarm sensors are designed to prevent the theft of an entire vehicle, but some thieves are just after parts. For instance, a thief will sometimes jack a car up and remove its wheels.
While a shock sensor may go off during this type of theft, motion sensors are designed with this exact type of scenario in mind.
When a motion or tilt sensor detects that a vehicle has rotated or tilted beyond a certain point, even if it was moved very slowly, it will send a signal to the control unit to sound the alarm. This is usually accomplished with a mercury switch, but there are other designs as well.
This type of switch is less likely to register a false positive from someone accidentally bumping up against the car.
Sirens are the most recognizable feature of car alarms, and they are also the most annoying when a car alarm goes off accidentally. The volume of car alarm sirens varies from one system to another, but they are typically loud enough that it is very unpleasant to drive a vehicle around when one is going off. The idea is to draw attention to the vehicle, which may cause the thief to abandon the vehicle for an easier target.
A variant on the siren theme is the car alarm that has a set of speakers. These car alarms will play a prerecorded message if a proximity or movement sensor goes off. While an experienced car thief probably won't be deterred by this type of system, it may be jarring enough to scare off an opportunistic would-be criminal.
Many car alarms also make use of existing vehicle systems. Some are capable of honking the horn, and others will flash the turn signals. The ignition system can also be tied into the alarm, in which case it may be difficult for the thief to start the vehicle without extensive knowledge of that particular alarm.
control unit that processes sensor inputs and triggers the alarm.
handheld transmitter that can arm and disarm the system.
receiver that provides that information to the control unit.
Since car alarms are often tied to many different systems, some packages include a variety of useful features that aren't directly related to theft deterrence. Some common features include remote starting, keyless entry, diagnostics like code reading, and remote vehicle status via telematics. Some of these features are also available via services like Lojack and OnStar.
The primary argument against car alarms is that they end up being a whole lot of sound and fury signifying nothing. False alarms are rampant, and we, as a society, have become more or less desensitized to the sound of a car alarm since we're so used to hearing them go off.
It's also true that, while car theft is still rampant, the actual number of car thefts has trended down each year for the last several decades. According to the Insurance Information Institute, motor vehicle theft fell about 58 percent between 1991 and 2013, and the trend has continued through to this day.


text:
namespace Gee.External.Capstone.M68K {
    /// <summary>
    ///     M68K Memory Operand Value.
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class M68KMemoryOperandValue {
        /// <summary>
        ///     Get Base Register.
        /// </summary>
        public M68KRegister Base { get; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Get Bit Field.
        /// </summary>
        public byte BitField { get; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Get Displacement.
        /// </summary>
        public short Displacement { get; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Get Index Register.
        /// </summary>
        public M68KRegister Index { get; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Get Index Size.
        /// </summary>
        public byte IndexSize { get; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Get Indirect Base Register.
        /// </summary>
        public M68KRegister IndirectBase { get; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Get Indirect Displacement.
        /// </summary>
        public int IndirectDisplacement { get; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Get Bit Field Offset.
        /// </summary>
        public byte Offset { get; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Get Other Displacement.
        /// </summary>
        public int OutDisplacement { get; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Get Index Register's Scale.
        /// </summary>
        public byte Scale { get; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Get Bit Field Width.
        /// </summary>
        public byte Width { get; }

        /// <summary>
        ///     Create an M68K Memory Operand Value.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disassembler">
        ///     A disassembler.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="nativeMemoryOperandValue">
        ///     A native M68K memory operand value.
        /// </param>
        internal M68KMemoryOperandValue(CapstoneDisassembler disassembler, ref NativeM68KMemoryOperandValue nativeMemoryOperandValue) {
            this.Base = M68KRegister.TryCreate(disassembler, nativeMemoryOperandValue.Base);
            this.BitField = nativeMemoryOperandValue.BitField;
            this.Displacement = nativeMemoryOperandValue.Displacement;
            this.Index = M68KRegister.TryCreate(disassembler, nativeMemoryOperandValue.Index);
            this.IndexSize = nativeMemoryOperandValue.IndexSize;
            this.IndirectBase = M68KRegister.TryCreate(disassembler, nativeMemoryOperandValue.IndirectBase);
            this.IndirectDisplacement = nativeMemoryOperandValue.IndirectDisplacement;
            this.Offset = nativeMemoryOperandValue.Offset;
            this.OutDisplacement = nativeMemoryOperandValue.OutDisplacement;
            this.Scale = nativeMemoryOperandValue.Scale;
            this.Width = nativeMemoryOperandValue.Width;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Deer Creek Golf, Deer Creek Banquet Facility and Salem Ridge Golf & Academy are located in North Ajax. Our facilities are central to a number of different hotels. Glen Cedars Golf Club is located in Pickering, in close proximity to Markham.


text:
Resources for State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial (SLTT) Governments
Voluntary Program Links
Cybersecurity Framework
Small and Midsize Businesses
SLTT Government
Cyber Resilience Review Downloadable Resources
Self-Assessment Package
Self-assessment form and report generator.
Method Description & User Guide
Walk-through for how an organization can conduct a CRR self-assessment.
Question Set with Guidance
Self-assessment question set along with accompanying guidance.
CRR NIST Framework Crosswalk
Cross-reference chart for how the NIST Cybersecurity Framework aligns to the CRR.
Summary of the CRR process.
The resources below are available to State, local, tribal, and territorial governments. Resources have been aligned to the five Cybersecurity Framework Function Areas. Some resources and programs align to more than one Function Area.
At the bottom of this page are links to geographically-specific resources from various levels of government to help identify and manage cyber risk.
Best Practices (Case Studies)
In recognition of the importance of governance in addressing cyber risks, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and the National Association of State Chief Information Officers (NASCIO) partnered to develop a State Cybersecurity Governance Report and series of State Cybersecurity Governance Case Studies exploring how states govern cybersecurity. The Homeland Security Systems Engineering and Development Institute (HSSEDI), a DHS owned Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC), supported the development of the project. The report and case studies identify how states have used laws, policies, structures, and processes to help better govern cybersecurity as an enterprise-wide strategic issue across state governments and other public and private sector stakeholders. The report and case studies explore cross-enterprise governance mechanisms used by states across a range of common cybersecurity areas, and offer insight on trends and concepts useful to other states and organizations that face similar challenges.
State Cybersecurity Governance Cross Site Report
Georgia Case Study
Michigan Case Study
New Jersey Case Study
Virginia Case Study
Washington Case Study
SLTT Toolkit
To help SLTT government leaders get started, DHS has created a packet of resources specially designed to help them recognize and address their cybersecurity risks. Resources include discussion points for government leaders, steps to start evaluating a cybersecurity program, and a list of hands-on resources available to SLTT governments.
SLTT Toolkit Table of Contents
Begin the Conversation: Understanding the Threat Environment
SLTT Government Leadership Agenda
Hands-On Resource Guide
Geographically Specific Resources
Resources to Identify
Cyber Resilience Review (CRR)
The CRR is a no-cost, voluntary, non-technical assessment to evaluate an organization's operational resilience and cybersecurity practices. The CRR may be conducted as a self-assessment or as an on-site assessment facilitated by DHS cybersecurity professionals. The CRR assesses enterprise programs and practices across a range of ten domains including risk management, incident management, service continuity, and others. The assessment is designed to measure existing organizational resilience as well as provide a gap analysis for improvement based on recognized best practices. For additional information please see http://www.us-cert.gov/ccubedvp/self-service-crr.
Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)
The CDM program is a dynamic approach to fortifying the cybersecurity of computer networks and systems. Through the CDM program, DHS works with partners across the entire Federal Civilian Executive Branch (FCEB) government to deploy and maintain an array of sensors for hardware asset management, software asset management and whitelisting, vulnerability management, compliance setting management, and feed data about an agency's cybersecurity flaws, and present those risks in an automated and continuously-updated dashboard. CDM, which will also be available for State and local entities as well as the Defense Industrial Base Sector, provides our stakeholders with the tools they need protect their networks and enhances their ability to see and counteract day-to-day cyber threats. More information is available at: http://dhs.gov/cdm.
Cybersecurity Evaluation Tool (CSET) and On-Site Cybersecurity Consulting
Industrial control systems security posture assessments, offered through CSET, a self-assessment tool. Features include a mapping to control systems standards based on the sector as well as a network architecture mapping tool. The tool can be downloaded for self-use or organizations can request a facilitated site visit, which could include basic security assessments, network architectural review and verification, network scanning using custom tools to identify malicious activity and indicators of compromise, and penetration testing. More information is available at: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/assessments.
National Cyber Awareness System (NCAS)
CISA's National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) produces advisories, alerts, analysis reports, current activities, weekly security bulletins, and tips to alert readers of emerging cyber threats and vulnerabilities. More information on obtaining NCAS products is available at:
http://us-cert.gov/ncas
http://us-cert.gov/mailing-lists-and-feeds
https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDHSUSCERT/subscribers/new
Industrial Control Systems Computer Emergency Readiness Team (Industrial Control Systems Security) Recommended Practices
A list of recommended practices aimed at helping industry understand and prepare for ongoing and emerging control systems cybersecurity issues, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. ICS-CERT works with control systems manufacturers, service providers, researchers, and end user community to ensure that the recommended practices are vetted by industry subject matter experts prior to publication. Recommended practices cover topics such as defense-in-depth strategies, cyber forensics, and incident response, and are updated on a routine basis to account for emerging issues and practices. Access to recommended practices is provided through: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/introduction-recommended-practices.
Cyber Security Advisors (CSAs)
CSAs are regionally located DHS personnel who direct coordination, outreach, and regional support to protect cyber components essential to the sustainability, preparedness, and protection of the Nation's critical infrastructure and SLTT governments. CSAs offer immediate and sustained assistance to prepare and protect SLTT and private entities. CSAs bolster the cybersecurity preparedness, risk mitigation, and incident response capabilities of these entities and bring them into closer coordination with the Federal Government. CSAs represent a front line approach and promote resilience of key cyber infrastructures throughout the U.S. and its territories. For more information about CSAs, please email cyberadvisor@hq.dhs.gov.
Protective Security Advisors (PSAs)
PSAs are trained critical infrastructure protection and vulnerability mitigation subject matter experts. Regional Directors are Supervisory PSAs, responsible for the activities of eight or more PSAs and geospatial analysts, who ensure all Office of Infrastructure Protection critical infrastructure protection programs and services are delivered to Federal and SLTT stakeholders and private sector owners and operators. The PSA program focuses on physical site security and resiliency assessments, planning and engagement, incident management assistance, and vulnerability and consequence information sharing. For more information about PSAs, visit: http://dhs.gov/protective-security-advisors.
Federal Virtual Training Environment (FedVTE)
The FedVTE content library contains pre-recorded classroom cybersecurity training for State, local, tribal, and territorial government personnel, as well as Federal Government personnel and contractors. FedVTE provides government-wide, online, and on-demand access to cybersecurity training to help the workforce maintain expertise and foster operational readiness. With courses ranging from beginner to advanced levels, the system is available at no cost to users, and is accessible from any internet-enabled computer. For more information, visit www.fedvte.usalearning.gov.
Resources to Protect
SLTT Cybersecurity Engagement Program
The Department's Office of Cybersecurity and Communications (CS&C) Stakeholder Engagement & Cyber Infrastructure Resilience (SE/CIR) division established the SLTT Cybersecurity Engagement program to build partnerships with non-federal public stakeholders including governors, mayors, state Homeland Security Advisors (HSA), Chief Information Officers (CIO), and Chief Information Security Officers (CISO).
In order to advance the Department's mission in protecting critical network systems and ensuring the use of the Internet as a resource to connect with American citizens, the SLTT Cybersecurity Engagement program fosters relationships that protect our Nation's critical infrastructure.
The SLTT Cybersecurity Engagement Program can provide cybersecurity risk briefings and information on available resources to governors and other appointed and elected SLTT government officials. More importantly, the program can also assist these officials with identifying cybersecurity initiatives and partnership opportunities with federal agencies, as well as State and local associations, that will help protect their citizens online.
To learn more about available resources and programs for the SLTT government community, email slttcyber@hq.dhs.gov.
Multi-State Information Sharing & Analysis Center (MS-ISAC)
The MS-ISAC is the focal point for cyber threat prevention, protection, response and recovery for the Nation's SLTT governments. The MS-ISAC 24x7 cybersecurity operations center provides real-time network monitoring, early cyber threat warnings and advisories, vulnerability identification, and mitigation and incident response. To learn more, visit: http://msisac.cisecurity.org.
Industrial Control Systems Security Training
Training in industrial control systems security at the overview, intermediate, and advanced levels, including web-based and instructor-led formats. More information on ICS-CERT training opportunities are available at: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/training-available-through-ics-cert.
Industrial Control Systems Security Recommended Practices
A list of recommended practices aimed at helping industry understand and prepare for ongoing and emerging control systems cybersecurity issues, vulnerabilities, and mitigation strategies. ICS-CERT works with the control systems community to ensure that the recommended practices are vetted by industry subject matter experts before being published. Recommended practices cover topics such as defense-in-depth strategies, cyber forensics, and incident response, and are updated on a routine basis to account for emerging issues and practices. Access to recommended practices is provided through: http://ics-cert.us-cert.gov/introduction-recommended-practices.
Stop.Think.Connect.™ Campaign
Launched in 2010, the Stop.Think.Connect.™ Campaign was created to empower Americans to reduce cyber risk online by incorporating safe habits into their online routines. The Campaign was conceived by a coalition of private companies, non-profits, and government organizations, including DHS, through the Anti-Phishing Working Group Messaging Convention and the National Cyber Security Alliance (NCSA). For more information on how to get involved, visit http://dhs.gov/stopthinkconnect or email stopthinkconnect@dhs.gov.
National Initiative for Cybersecurity Education (NICE)
NICE comprises various cybersecurity education and awareness initiatives, including the National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers & Studies (NICCS) website, the premier online resource for cybersecurity training. NICCS connects Government employees, students, educators, and industry with cybersecurity training providers throughout the Nation. To learn more, please visit: https://niccs.us-cert.gov/formal-education
National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (NICCS) Website
The National Initiative for Cybersecurity Careers and Studies (NICCS) is the premier online resource for cybersecurity training. NICCS connects Government employees, students, educators, and industry with cybersecurity training providers throughout the Nation. To learn more, please visit: https://niccs.us-cert.gov.
The National Cybersecurity Workforce Framework
The National Cybersecurity Workforce Framework is a blueprint for categorizing and describing cybersecurity work into specialty areas, tasks, and knowledge, skills and abilities (KSA's). The National Cybersecurity workforce framework provides a common language for defining and performing cybersecurity work that can be utilized by training providers, employers, educators, employees, and students. Each Specialty Area detail displays the standard tasks and the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to successfully complete those tasks. To learn more, please visit: https://niccs.us-cert.gov/workforce-development/cyber-security-workforce-framework
Network Security Deployment (NSD)
NSD strives to improve the cybersecurity of Federal Government departments, agencies, and partners, including State Governments, by delivering the technologies and services needed to fulfill the Department's cybersecurity mission. NSD is responsible for designing, developing, acquiring, deploying, sustaining, and providing customer support for the National Cybersecurity Protection System (NCPS). NCPS satisfies aspects of the Department's mission requirements under the Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative by delivering intrusion detection, advanced analytics, information sharing, and intrusion prevention capabilities that diminish the potential impact of cyber threats. For more information, visit: http://dhs.gov/network-security-deployment.
Cybersecurity Service Offering Reference Aids
DHS's National Protection and Programs Directorate (NPPD) has developed a list of freely-available reports and resources pertinent to managing the acquisition of cybersecurity services. It is not intended to be exhaustive, but covers a wide range of cybersecurity services including cloud service providers, cyber incident response, cloud computing, software assurance, and industrial control systems. While most of the recommendations and reports below are vendor-agnostic, some identify specific service providers that have met a certification criteria related to their service offerings. DHS does not endorse any particular service provider or offering. Access the reference aids here: Cybersecurity Service Offering Reference Aids.
Launched in 2010, the Stop.Think.Connect.™ Campaign was created to empower Americans to reduce cyber risk online by incorporating safe habits into their online routines. In an effort to encourage much needed Federal agency and SLTT government leadership on this important issue, the Stop.Think.Connect. Campaign created the Cyber Awareness Coalition as an outlet for government at all levels to work directly with DHS and the Stop.Think.Connect. Campaign to promote cybersecurity awareness. For more information on how to get involved with the Cyber Awareness Coalition, visit www.dhs.gov/stopthinkconnect or email stopthinkconnect@dhs.gov.
Process Control System Security Guidance for the Water Sector
The American Water Works Association developed this guidance to provide water sector utility owners and operators with a consistent and repeatable recommended course of action to reduce vulnerabilities to cyber-attacks as recommended in ANSI/AWWA G430: Security Practices for Operations and Management and EO 13636. The AWWA Guidance and Tool represents a voluntary, sector-specific approach for adopting the NIST Cybersecurity Framework as expressed by the Water Sector Coordinating Council. Download the guide at http://www.awwa.org/Portals/0/files/legreg/documents/AWWACybersecurityguide.pdf.
NIST Cybersecurity Framework Explained
In this video, Rapid7 discusses and gives a brief overview of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. Watch the video at http://www.rapid7.com/resources/videos/nist-cybersecurity-framework-explained.jsp.
Enhanced Cybersecurity Services (ECS)
The Department of Homeland Security's (DHS) Enhanced Cybersecurity Services (ECS) program is an intrusion prevention capability that helps U.S. based companies protect their computer systems against unauthorized access, exploitation, and data exfiltration. ECS works by sharing sensitive and classified cyber threat information with accredited Commercial Service Providers (CSPs). These CSPs in turn use that information to block certain types of malicious traffic from entering customer networks. ECS is meant to augment, but not replace, existing cybersecurity capabilities. All U.S.-based public and private organizations are eligible to enroll in ECS. Please contact the ECS CSPs for enrollment information:
AT&T (ecs-pmo@list.att.com)
CenturyLink (ecs@centurylink.com)
Verizon (vz-ecs@one.verizon.com)
General ECS information is available at: http://dhs.gov/enhanced-cybersecurity-services.
Resources to Detect
The CDM program is a dynamic approach to fortifying the cybersecurity of computer networks and systems. As the department responsible for securing unclassified SLTT civilian government networks—the "dot-gov" domain—DHS coordinates the national response to significant cyber incidents and maintains a common operational picture for cyberspace across the government. Part of that responsibility includes network intrusion detection and prevention technology under a program known as Einstein. When both programs are implemented, they will provide complementary protections across the dot-gov domain, further protecting the government's infrastructure and the Nation's data.
The CDM program provides capabilities and tools that enable network administrators to know the state of their respective networks at any given time, understand the relative risks and threats, and help system personnel to identify and mitigate flaws at near-network speed. CDM program resources will also be mapped to the Framework. This will occur as the C³ Voluntary Program develops additional resources over time to support Framework use by the SLTT governments. More information is available at: http://dhs.gov/cdm.
Multi-State Information Sharing and Analysis Center (MS-ISAC)
MS-ISAC has several services available to SLTT members. Managed Security Services (MSS) is compromised of the monitoring of two security devices. Netflow Monitoring and Analysis (Albert) is an automated process of collecting, correlating, and analyzing computer network security information across State Governments. The seven key Netflow fields are: source IP address, destination IP address, source port number, destination port number, protocol type, flags, and the router input interface. More information can be found at: http://msisac.cisecurity.org/about/services.
Resources to Respond
The MS-ISAC is the focal point for cyber threat prevention, protection, response and recovery for the Nation's SLTT governments. The MS-ISAC 24x7 cybersecurity operations center provides real-time network monitoring, early cyber threat warnings and advisories, vulnerability identification and mitigation, and incident response. SLTT government representatives who believe they are experiencing a cybersecurity event can report it to: http://msisac.cisecurity.org/about/incidents.
Cyber Information Sharing and Collaboration Program (CISCP)
A no-cost information sharing partnership between enterprises and DHS, CISCP creates shared situational awareness across critical infrastructure communities, enhances cybersecurity collaboration between DHS and critical infrastructure owners and operators, and leverages government and industry subject matter expertise to collaboratively respond to cybersecurity incidents. For more information about CISCP, please email ciscp_coordination@hq.dhs.gov and download an overview of CISCP.
Cyber Incident Response and Analysis
CISA's National Cybersecurity and Communications Integration Center (NCCIC) offers remote and on-site incident response capabilities, including expert intrusion analysis and mitigation guidance to customers who lack an in-house capability or require external assistance to manage a cyber-incident. The National Coordinating Center for Communications (NCC) coordinates 24/7 interagency and industry efforts to protect and restore communications during times of crisis. Please email ncciccustomerservice@hq.dhs.gov for more information.
Note: Continue to check this site, as new resources will be periodically added.
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text:
package utils

import (
	"bytes"
	"errors"
	"testing"

	"github.com/golang/protobuf/proto"
	"github.com/hyperledger/fabric/common/crypto"
	cb "github.com/hyperledger/fabric/protos/common"
	pb "github.com/hyperledger/fabric/protos/peer"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestNonceRandomness(t *testing.T) {
	n1, err := CreateNonce()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	n2, err := CreateNonce()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	if bytes.Equal(n1, n2) {
		t.Fatalf("Expected nonces to be different, got %x and %x", n1, n2)
	}
}

func TestNonceLength(t *testing.T) {
	n, err := CreateNonce()
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal(err)
	}
	actual := len(n)
	expected := crypto.NonceSize
	if actual != expected {
		t.Fatalf("Expected nonce to be of size %d, got %d instead", expected, actual)
	}

}

func TestUnmarshalPayload(t *testing.T) {
	var payload *cb.Payload
	good, _ := proto.Marshal(&cb.Payload{
		Data: []byte("payload"),
	})
	payload, err := UnmarshalPayload(good)
	assert.NoError(t, err, "Unexpected error unmarshaling payload")
	assert.NotNil(t, payload, "Payload should not be nil")
	payload = UnmarshalPayloadOrPanic(good)
	assert.NotNil(t, payload, "Payload should not be nil")

	bad := []byte("bad payload")
	assert.Panics(t, func() {
		_ = UnmarshalPayloadOrPanic(bad)
	}, "Expected panic unmarshaling malformed payload")

}

func TestUnmarshalEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
	var env *cb.Envelope
	good, _ := proto.Marshal(&cb.Envelope{})
	env, err := UnmarshalEnvelope(good)
	assert.NoError(t, err, "Unexpected error unmarshaling envelope")
	assert.NotNil(t, env, "Envelope should not be nil")
	env = UnmarshalEnvelopeOrPanic(good)
	assert.NotNil(t, env, "Envelope should not be nil")

	bad := []byte("bad envelope")
	assert.Panics(t, func() {
		_ = UnmarshalEnvelopeOrPanic(bad)
	}, "Expected panic unmarshaling malformed envelope")

}

func TestUnmarshalEnvelopeOfType(t *testing.T) {
	env := &cb.Envelope{}

	env.Payload = []byte("bad payload")
	_, err := UnmarshalEnvelopeOfType(env, cb.HeaderType_CONFIG, nil)
	assert.Error(t, err, "Expected error unmarshaling malformed envelope")

	payload, _ := proto.Marshal(&cb.Payload{
		Header: nil,
	})
	env.Payload = payload
	_, err = UnmarshalEnvelopeOfType(env, cb.HeaderType_CONFIG, nil)
	assert.Error(t, err, "Expected error with missing payload header")

	payload, _ = proto.Marshal(&cb.Payload{
		Header: &cb.Header{
			ChannelHeader: []byte("bad header"),
		},
	})
	env.Payload = payload
	_, err = UnmarshalEnvelopeOfType(env, cb.HeaderType_CONFIG, nil)
	assert.Error(t, err, "Expected error for malformed channel header")

	chdr, _ := proto.Marshal(&cb.ChannelHeader{
		Type: int32(cb.HeaderType_CHAINCODE_PACKAGE),
	})
	payload, _ = proto.Marshal(&cb.Payload{
		Header: &cb.Header{
			ChannelHeader: chdr,
		},
	})
	env.Payload = payload
	_, err = UnmarshalEnvelopeOfType(env, cb.HeaderType_CONFIG, nil)
	assert.Error(t, err, "Expected error for wrong channel header type")

	chdr, _ = proto.Marshal(&cb.ChannelHeader{
		Type: int32(cb.HeaderType_CONFIG),
	})
	payload, _ = proto.Marshal(&cb.Payload{
		Header: &cb.Header{
			ChannelHeader: chdr,
		},
		Data: []byte("bad data"),
	})
	env.Payload = payload
	_, err = UnmarshalEnvelopeOfType(env, cb.HeaderType_CONFIG, &cb.ConfigEnvelope{})
	assert.Error(t, err, "Expected error for malformed payload data")

	chdr, _ = proto.Marshal(&cb.ChannelHeader{
		Type: int32(cb.HeaderType_CONFIG),
	})
	configEnv, _ := proto.Marshal(&cb.ConfigEnvelope{})
	payload, _ = proto.Marshal(&cb.Payload{
		Header: &cb.Header{
			ChannelHeader: chdr,
		},
		Data: configEnv,
	})
	env.Payload = payload
	_, err = UnmarshalEnvelopeOfType(env, cb.HeaderType_CONFIG, &cb.ConfigEnvelope{})
	assert.NoError(t, err, "Unexpected error unmarshaling envelope")

}

func TestExtractEnvelopeNilData(t *testing.T) {
	block := &cb.Block{}
	_, err := ExtractEnvelope(block, 0)
	assert.Error(t, err, "Nil data")
}

func TestExtractEnvelopeWrongIndex(t *testing.T) {
	block := testBlock()
	if _, err := ExtractEnvelope(block, len(block.GetData().Data)); err == nil {
		t.Fatal("Expected envelope extraction to fail (wrong index)")
	}
}

func TestExtractEnvelopeWrongIndexOrPanic(t *testing.T) {
	defer func() {
		if r := recover(); r == nil {
			t.Fatal("Expected envelope extraction to panic (wrong index)")
		}
	}()

	block := testBlock()
	ExtractEnvelopeOrPanic(block, len(block.GetData().Data))
}

func TestExtractEnvelope(t *testing.T) {
	if envelope, err := ExtractEnvelope(testBlock(), 0); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected envelop extraction to succeed: %s", err)
	} else if !proto.Equal(envelope, testEnvelope()) {
		t.Fatal("Expected extracted envelope to match test envelope")
	}
}

func TestExtractEnvelopeOrPanic(t *testing.T) {
	defer func() {
		if r := recover(); r != nil {
			t.Fatal("Expected envelope extraction to succeed")
		}
	}()

	if !proto.Equal(ExtractEnvelopeOrPanic(testBlock(), 0), testEnvelope()) {
		t.Fatal("Expected extracted envelope to match test envelope")
	}
}

func TestExtractPayload(t *testing.T) {
	if payload, err := ExtractPayload(testEnvelope()); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Expected payload extraction to succeed: %s", err)
	} else if !proto.Equal(payload, testPayload()) {
		t.Fatal("Expected extracted payload to match test payload")
	}
}

func TestExtractPayloadOrPanic(t *testing.T) {
	defer func() {
		if r := recover(); r != nil {
			t.Fatal("Expected payload extraction to succeed")
		}
	}()

	if !proto.Equal(ExtractPayloadOrPanic(testEnvelope()), testPayload()) {
		t.Fatal("Expected extracted payload to match test payload")
	}
}

func TestUnmarshalChaincodeID(t *testing.T) {
	ccname := "mychaincode"
	ccversion := "myversion"
	ccidbytes, _ := proto.Marshal(&pb.ChaincodeID{
		Name:    ccname,
		Version: ccversion,
	})
	ccid, err := UnmarshalChaincodeID(ccidbytes)
	assert.Equal(t, ccname, ccid.Name, "Expected ccid names to match")
	assert.Equal(t, ccversion, ccid.Version, "Expected ccid versions to match")

	_, err = UnmarshalChaincodeID([]byte("bad chaincodeID"))
	assert.Error(t, err, "Expected error marshaling malformed chaincode ID")
}

func TestNewSignatureHeaderOrPanic(t *testing.T) {
	var sigHeader *cb.SignatureHeader

	sigHeader = NewSignatureHeaderOrPanic(goodSigner)
	assert.NotNil(t, sigHeader, "Signature header should not be nil")

	assert.Panics(t, func() {
		_ = NewSignatureHeaderOrPanic(nil)
	}, "Expected panic with nil signer")

	assert.Panics(t, func() {
		_ = NewSignatureHeaderOrPanic(badSigner)
	}, "Expected panic with signature header error")

}

func TestSignOrPanic(t *testing.T) {
	msg := []byte("sign me")
	sig := SignOrPanic(goodSigner, msg)
	// mock signer returns message to be signed
	assert.Equal(t, msg, sig, "Signature does not match expected value")

	assert.Panics(t, func() {
		_ = SignOrPanic(nil, []byte("sign me"))
	}, "Expected panic with nil signer")

	assert.Panics(t, func() {
		_ = SignOrPanic(badSigner, []byte("sign me"))
	}, "Expected panic with sign error")
}

// Helper functions

func testPayload() *cb.Payload {
	return &cb.Payload{
		Header: MakePayloadHeader(
			MakeChannelHeader(cb.HeaderType_MESSAGE, int32(1), "test", 0),
			MakeSignatureHeader([]byte("creator"), []byte("nonce"))),
		Data: []byte("test"),
	}
}

func testEnvelope() *cb.Envelope {
	// No need to set the signature
	return &cb.Envelope{Payload: MarshalOrPanic(testPayload())}
}

func testBlock() *cb.Block {
	// No need to set the block's Header, or Metadata
	return &cb.Block{
		Data: &cb.BlockData{
			Data: [][]byte{MarshalOrPanic(testEnvelope())},
		},
	}
}

// mock
var badSigner = &mockLocalSigner{
	returnError: true,
}

var goodSigner = &mockLocalSigner{
	returnError: false,
}

type mockLocalSigner struct {
	returnError bool
}

func (m *mockLocalSigner) NewSignatureHeader() (*cb.SignatureHeader, error) {
	if m.returnError {
		return nil, errors.New("signature header error")
	}
	return &cb.SignatureHeader{}, nil
}

func (m *mockLocalSigner) Sign(message []byte) ([]byte, error) {
	if m.returnError {
		return nil, errors.New("sign error")
	}
	return message, nil
}

func TestChannelHeader(t *testing.T) {
	makeEnvelope := func(payload *cb.Payload) *cb.Envelope {
		return &cb.Envelope{
			Payload: MarshalOrPanic(payload),
		}
	}

	_, err := ChannelHeader(makeEnvelope(&cb.Payload{
		Header: &cb.Header{
			ChannelHeader: MarshalOrPanic(&cb.ChannelHeader{
				ChannelId: "foo",
			}),
		},
	}))
	assert.NoError(t, err, "Channel header was present")

	_, err = ChannelHeader(makeEnvelope(&cb.Payload{
		Header: &cb.Header{},
	}))
	assert.Error(t, err, "ChannelHeader was missing")

	_, err = ChannelHeader(makeEnvelope(&cb.Payload{}))
	assert.Error(t, err, "Header was missing")

	_, err = ChannelHeader(&cb.Envelope{})
	assert.Error(t, err, "Payload was missing")
}


text:
Q: Background thread factory pattern I'm writing an Android application that uses objects that are expensive to create (instantiation can take up to 100ms). The user experience is degraded if the main thread is blocked while and object is created.
I'd like to have a pool of objects ready for use by the main thread. If the pool is empty, the main thread should block while an object is created on a background thread. If the pool has an object already available, it should be returned and a new one created, ready for use the next time the main thread needs one.
Is this a well known boilerplate pattern?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The exhibition "Lux in Arcana. The Vatican Secret Archives revealed" was presented at the Holy See Press Office on 5 July. It will open at the Capitoline Museums in February 2012. The following is a translation of the slightly shortened discourses of Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone, Secretary of State, of Cardinal Raffaele Farina, Archivist and Librarian of Holy Roman Church, and of Bishop Sergio Pagano, Prefect of the Vatican Secret Archives.
I am delighted to offer my warm good wishes at the presentation of an exhibition, one that is indisputably very demanding and has been far from easy to conceive of or to organize, because the subject of the exhibition itself — the Vatican Secret Archives — is a vast, complex reality (it has been described as an ocean), that embraces first the whole of the Western world, then the New World and all the continents in which the Catholic Church has spread and put down roots.
The inherent complexity of the exhibition has perhaps been increased by the decision to hold it outside the Vatican, on the Capitoline Hill, which has had down the centuries, and indeed re tains, such strong associations first with Imperial Rome and then with the Papal City.
It has been a question of harmonizing the forces of the Vatican Secret Archives which — in my pinion, if I may say so — are first-rate in the scientific field, and the forces of Roma Capitale , of the Capitoline Museums and therefore of the Sovraintendenza [office in charge] of the archives and museums of the Municipality of Rome.
But I think that — as always — in the inevitable difficulty of coordinating different views there is growth: since dialogue, an exchange of experiences and scientific discussion often improve the aims that are striven for with different thrusts.
I think this has also happened in the first phase of the exhibition's planning and it will certainly continue to happen as its preparation proceeds.
It is clearly not my task to enter into the details of the exhibition. Yet I have the pleasure of praising a very high-level cultural initiative which looks beyond the stereotypes of both banks of the Tiber. The cultural context never fails to overcome commonplaces or polemics; a deeper examination of history (as I already had the opportunity to say at the Porta Pia celebrations in September 2010) makes people more sensitive in the search, first for the truth and then, for the common good.
I believe that in this exhibition the Vatican documents on display will suit the venue of the exhibition very well, the magnificent rooms of the Palazzo dei Conservatori — in a certain way also papal — a monument of civil history in the Rome of the Popes, as has been written.
I like to think that this joint project by the Vatican Archives, the Municipality of Rome, Roma Capitale and the Capitoline Museums will also have the merit of offering visitors to the exhibition, both Romans and non-Romans, a high level of civilization and culture of great personal benefit. I hope that those who will climb the broad stairway under the gaze of the Dioscuri on their way to the exhibition may come down them, after seeing so many valuable documentary heirlooms, imbued with an atmosphere of different ages and figures, aided by new media. Their minds, I believe, will be filled with admiration and gratitude, as much to the City of Rome, where Christ is Roman, as to the Catholic Church which has preserved, cared for, illustrated and made available such precious heirlooms of the Church and of the world of culture or, if you prefer, of the culture that the Church has spread throughout the world.
Thus there is nothing more appropriate than the title of the exhibition, "Lux in Arcana", in which arcana should not be understood as arcana imperi , namely, the secrets of government, but rather the hidden and vast library of the Archives, which by nature are jealous, watchful and protective of their treasure of history, maybe even to the point of mistrustfulness.
May the light therefore not be extinguished in the exhibition during the seven months planned for its duration, and may the arcana be illuminated and the visitor see the true treasures of the Vatican Secret Archives consisting of its innumerable papers, parchments, codices, manuscripts, deeds and documents which for four centuries now the Pontiffs of Rome have put at the service of historians and scholars.


text:
Ivan & The Parazol | The Band
page-template,page-template-full_width,page-template-full_width-php,page,page-id-265,bridge-core-1.0.3,ajax_leftright,page_not_loaded,,qode_grid_1200,footer_responsive_adv,qode-theme-ver-18.0.5,qode-theme-bridge,wpb-js-composer js-comp-ver-5.7,vc_responsive
Selling out high profile venues, having a Main Stage slot at Sziget Festival 2014 foreshadows a rising of a new beat generation. Ivan & The Parazol, the five piece rock and roll band's career started in 2010, when they met at a private music school in Budapest. Their groovy rock tunes quickly resulted them a very engaged and rife audience.
Their first LP titled 'Mama Don't You Recognize, Ivan & The Parazol?' in 2012 got positive reviews from both the fans and critics in Hungary. At the same time, two years after their founding they already got invited to play at the prestigious SXSW Showcase Festival in the USA, the world's biggest music industry event for seeking new stars. The group's successful debut at the festival got them a slot at CBGB Festival in New York City in 2013, a number of shows in London, UK, and an MTV EMA local prize for the Best Hungarian Act 2013.
The recognition grew forward when they got invited to support the mighty classic rockers, Deep Purple at the Budapest stop of their 2014 arena tour in February.
In the meantime the band's hit song 'Take My Hand' from their debut LP became the official promo song of the SXSW 2014, so following the debut at an arena setting, the band rushed back to the US again to play the legendary Palm Door in Austin, TX during the 2014 SXSW festival. Their performance now caught not just the audience, but the attention of the press internationally and got them positive feedback for their live shows.
They played the main stage at Sziget 2014 and delivered the festival's anthem in 2014: 'Together' from their 2nd LP – Mode Bizarre.
The first single from the 3rd album, 'Modernial' was released in March 2015, and instantly became one of the requested songs among fans and made it to the Hungarian radio charts as well. The title track of the LP became the second Nr 1. song of the band (after 'Take My Hand') on MR2-Petőfi Rádió (Hungarian National Radio).
They have had several sold out gigs in the biggest club venue in Budapest (Akvárium Club – 1400 capacity). In 2016 Ivan & The Parazol played at Eurosonic-Norderslaag
As for 2017, it is also a busy and exciting time for Ivan & The Parazol. In July they returned to the states not only to play a few shows in California, in clubs like The Viper Room, but to start the recording process of their 4th album in the legendary EastWest Studios with the help of the Grammy Award winning engineer Wil Anspach. They layed down the tracks (including some vocal parts sang by Ellie Fletcher from Crystal Fighters) for three brand new, raw rock 'n' roll songs and willing to go back in a few months to record the rest of the new material.
2010 – MTV Hungary – Best Brand New Bands nomination
2013 – SXSW showcase performance
2013 – CBGB showcase festival invitation, New York
2013 – MTV Europe Music Award Best Hungarian Act winner
2014 – 'Take My Hand' chosen as the official promo song of SXSW
2014 – SXSW showcase festival invitation
2014 – 'Together' chosen as the official Sziget Festival Anthem
© Ivan & The Parazol