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BIRTHDAY PRAISE AND OFFERINGS TO THE GOSHRI GYELTSAB: Translation of 'Praises to 12th Gyeltsab Rinpoche' by 17th Karmapa and new biography of 2nd Gyeltsab Rinpoche, Tashi Namgyel
24th Jun 2021 8th Jul 2021 Dakini Translations
Stony-faced one without a fake smiling mask,
Straight-talker, not spouting phony praise
Master of Tantric discipline, who rarely talks
Victorious Gyeltsab, I praise you!
—excerpt from 'Praises to 12th Gyeltsab Rinpoche' by 17th Karmapa
New Translation: Praises to Goshri Gyeltsab by 17th Karmapa
Today, for the full moon, and the 12th Gyeltsab Rinpoche's 68th birthday, I offer a new and first English language translation of a praise written for him (at the request of students from Rumtek Monastery shedra on 24th June 2014) by the 17th Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje. I have not seen an English translation of this before and have included the Tibetan and phonetics. A song was uploaded on Youtube yesterday with these words as the lyrics, see below:
I have received several empowerments from the 12th Gyeltsab Rinpoche, at his Ralang Monastery seat, Sikkim, India, including the Knowing One Liberates All (chig she kun drol) which I wrote about here. A biography of his life is here.
New Biography: 2nd Gyeltsab, Tashi Namgyel (1487 – 1515 )
In addition, I recently completed the first edition of an in-depth biography of the 2nd Gyeltsab Rinpoche, Tashi Namgyel ( rgyal tshab 02 bkra shis rnam rgyal, 1487 – 1515 ).
Image of 2nd Goshri Gyeltsab, Tashi Namgyel
The 2nd Gyeltsab was extremely important in the Karma Kamtsang, not only as a student of the 7th Karmapa, but also in deciding the recognition of the 8th Karmapa, Mikyo Dorje, about which there was an intense conflict between two candidates (which at one point threatened to turn violent). Shockingly, there is even a possibility that the 2nd Gyeltsab (who died suddenly at a young age) was murdered by poisoning.
This biography is part of my continuing work and research on the 8th Karmapa. The biography of the 2nd Gyeltsab is based on original Tibetan sources, as well as academic work by Dr. Jim Rheingans as well as transcripts I made of the recent teachings on the 'Good Deeds' of 8th Karmapa by the 17th Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje (March 2021). The bio of the 1st Gyeltsab. Peljor Dondrub (on Treasury of Lives by Alex Gardner) can be read here. This new biography is published below the Praises and and a downloadable .pdf of it can be sent on request. It has also been published on Treasury of Lives, see here.
Images of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Goshri Gyeltsabs
On a lighter note, here is a funny video of the 12th Gyeltsab posted for his birthday a few years ago, not so stony-faced there!
May this new translation and publication bring a long life to the 12th Gyeltsab Rinpoche and may his teachings and example continue to shine like the golden sun in these dark and degenerate times! Apologies for any errors!
Written and compiled by Adele Tomlin, April 2021.
PRAISES TO 12TH GYELTSAB RINPOCHE
BY 17TH KARMAPA, ORGYEN TRINLEY DORJE
17th Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje with 12th Gyeltsab Rinpoche
བཅོས་མའི་འཛུམ་བག་མེད་པའི་ནག་རོག་པོ།།
chö mé dzum bak mé pé nak rok po/
ངོ་སྲུང་བསྟོད་ར་མི་བཤད་ཁ་ཐུག་པོ།
ngo sung tö ra mi shé kha tuk po/
ཕལ་ཆེར་མི་སྨྲའི་བརྟུལ་ཞུགས་འཛིན་པ་པོ།
pel cher mi mé tül zhuk dzin pa po/
རྒྱལ་བའི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ཁྱེད་ལ་བདག་བསྟོད་དོ།
gyelwé gyel tsap khyé la dak tö do
Stony-faced one without fake smiling mask,
ཞབས་ཕྱི་ཇི་ལྟར་ཞུས་ཀྱང་བཀུར་བདེ་པོ།
zhap chi ji tar zhü kyang kur dé po
རྒྱུད་སྡེའི་ཕྱག་ལེན་ཞིབ་པས་མི་འགྲིག་པོ།
gyü dé chak len zhip pé mi drik po
ཆོས་ལ་སླ་ཆོས་མེད་པའི་རུ་ངར་པོ།
chö la la chö mé pé ru ngar po
Bearing respect well, however service is requested.
A sound person, with the finest practice of Tantra
Fastidiously accurate, not for the 'easy way' of Dharma
འཇིག་རྟེན་བྱ་བར་ཐུག་ཚེ་ཞེན་ལོག་པོ།
jik ten jawar tuk tsé zhen lok po
བསྟན་པའི་དོན་ལ་རང་སྲོག་འབེན་འཛུགས་པོ།
ten pé dön la rang sok ben dzuk po
རྟག་ཏུ་བླ་མ་དྲན་པའི་མོས་གུས་པོ།
tak tu la ma dren pé mö gü po
རྒྱལ་བའི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་ཁྱེད་ལ་བདག་སྟོད་དོ།
Repulsed and disgusted when meeting worldly activities
Whose life-force aim is penetrated by the teachings' meaning
Devoted one who continually remembers the lama
སྣང་སྲིད་མགོ་མཇུག་ལོག་ཀྱང་ཁྱད་མེད་པོ།
nang si go juk lok kyang khyé mé po
རི་བོང་ཨ་བྲ་ཤི་དུས་ཐུགས་སྐྱོ་པོ།
ri bong a dra shi dü tuk kyo po
བསྟོད་སྨད་དགའ་སྡུག་བྲལ་བའི་གྲུབ་ཐོབ་པོ།
tö mé ga duk drelwé drup top po
Making no distinctions, despite topsy-turvy existence-appearance,
Who grieves when a guinea pig or rabbit dies
Accomplished Siddha, free from praise, blame, joy and pain
ཨེ་མ་རྒྱལ་བའི་དོན་གྱི་གདུང་འཚོབ་པོ།
é ma gyelwé dön gyi dung tsop po
གདན་ས་ཡུན་རིང་བསྐྱངས་པའི་དྲིན་ཆེན་པོ།
den sa yün ring kyang pé drin chen po
དྲི་ལན་འཁོར་ཐབས་མེད་པའི་སྐྱབས་གཅིག་པོ།
dri len khor tap mé pé kyap chik po
ཞབས་པད་ཡུན་དུ་བརྟན་པའི་གསོལ་འདེབས་ཞུ།
zhap pé yün du ten pé söl dep zhu
Ema! Inheritor regent of the Victors' purpose
Great, kind one; long-term protector of their seat
Sole refuge, absent from pointless discussions
I supplicate, may your lotus-feet remain long!
གསང་བའི་བདག་པོ་རྒྱལ་བའི་རྒྱལ་ཚབ་གོ་ཤྲི་རིན་པོ་ཆེ་མཆོག་དགུང་གྲངས་རེ་གཅིག་ཏུ་ཕེབས་པའི་འཁྲུངས་སྐར་གྱི་མཛད་སྒོ་དང་སྟབས་བསྟུན་བསྟོད་ཚོག་ཅིག་འབྲི་དགོས་གསུངས་པས། ཁོ་བོ་ཡུལ་རིང་རྩོམ་འབྲི་མ་བྱས་པས་ཡག་པོ་ཞིག་ཨེ་ཐོན་བལྟས་ཀྱང་མི་འོང་འདུག་མོད་རུམ་བཏེག་བཤད་གྲྭའི་སློབ་ཕྲུག་ཡོངས་ནས་ཨུ་ཚུགས་ཆེན་པོ་བྱས་དོན་ལྟར། གང་དྲན་ཤར་མར་འབྲི་ཁུལ་བྱས་པས་རྣམ་དཀར་གྱི་ཆ་ཕྲ་མོ་ལས་མེད་ཀྱང་སྐྱབས་མཆོག་གང་ཉིད་ཞབས་པད་སྲིད་མཐར་བརྟན་ཅིང་། མཛད་ཕྲིན་ཕྱོགས་ཀུན་ཏུ་རྒྱས་པའི་རྒྱུར་བསྔོ་བའོ། །ཕྱི་ལོ་༢༠༡༤ ཟླ་༠༦ ཚེས་༢༥ ལ་ཀརྨ་པ་ཨོ་རྒྱན་ཕྲིན་ལས་པས་ཕུལ།། །།
This was written for the Holder of Secrets, Varjapani, Victorious Gyeltsab Goshri, on the occasion of his birthday ceremony. As I did not spend a long time writing it, so it is not that great to read, due to the great insistence of Rumtek Monastery Shedra students, I produced it like that, as whatever arose in my mind. Even though I do not have an atom of virtuous activity, I dedicate it that until liberation he remain long and his activities spread in all directions!
Composed on the 24th June 2014 by HH Karmapa, Ogyen Trinley Dorje
Translated, compiled and edited by Adele Tomlin, 24th June 2021. Copyright. Please feel free to share and use but only with correct citation of the author/publisher.
BIOGRAPHY OF SECOND GYELTSAB, TASHI NAMGYEL
Image from 17th Karmapa's presentation on the 2nd Gyeltsab (March 2021)
Birth and Life with 7th Karmapa
The Second Gyeltsab, Tashi Namgyel (rgyal tshab 02 bkra shis rnam rgyal, 1490–1518) was born in central Tibet, in a valley called Nyewo (snye bo), in the fire-sheep year, 1487. An alternate birth year of 1490 is sometimes given.[1] Most of the available information about his life relates to his role in the identification of the Eighth Karmapa, Mikyo Dorje (P385 karma pa 08 mi bskyod rdo rje, 1507-1554).
In the water-pig year, 1503, the Seventh Karmapa, Chodrak Gyatso (P821 karma pa 07 chos grags rgya mtsho), recognized Tashi Namgyel as the reincarnation of his teacher, the First Gyeltsab, Peljor Dondrub (P1380 dpal 'byor don grub, 1427-1489). Peljor Dondrub had been a student of the Sixth Karmapa, Tongwa Donden (P1006 karma pa 06 mthong ba don ldan, 1416-1453), who had given him the title Gyeltsab (rgyal tshab), meaning "regent." The Ming Zhengtong Emperor 正統, r. 1435-1449 and 1457-1464), is said to have given him a golden seal with the title of National Preceptor (guoshi國師), which is written "goshri" in Tibetan. The lineage is thus commonly known as the Goshri Gyeltsab (go shri rgyal tshab). Peljor Dondrub, in accordance with an instruction letter given him by the Sixth Karmapa, identified and trained his reincarnation, the Seventh Karmapa. In turn, the Seventh Karmapa, oversaw Tashi Namgyel's training, and gave him the title of Second Gyeltsab.
In honor of his elevated status, in the water-pig year, 1503, the Seventh Karmapa gave Tashi Namgyel a red crown with a golden emblem, which the Tsurpu Gyeltsab incarnations have henceforth worn.
At that time in Tibet, the Karmapas traveled via the institution of the Karma Kamtsang Garchen (karma kam tsang sgar chen), or Great Encampment. This was established by the Fourth Karmapa, Rolpai Dorje (P1400 karma pa 04 rol pa'i rdo rje, 1340–1383) in the fourteenth century, as a structured encampment to accommodate his staff and the sizable number of followers who accompanied him on his travels. The Great Encampment reached its peak during the time of the Seventh Karmapa, numbering in the thousands of people. The Kagyu Monlam Chenmo (smon lam chen mo), or Great Prayer Festival, begun by the Seventh Karmapa, was also held in the Encampment.
After the Seventh Karmapa passed away, leadership of the Garchen fell to the Second Gyeltsab. Thus, Tashi Namgyel served as regent of the Karmapa at Tsurpu Monastery and at the Garchen until the Eighth Karmapa was enthroned. At that time, the Great Encampment was located in Kongpo, and as it continued to be the main center of Karma Kagyu activity at the time, the search for his reincarnation was based there.
The Recognition of the Eighth Karmapa
The Seventh Karmapa left prediction letters for his future rebirth with the Second Gyeltsab and Third Tai Situ, Tashi Peljor (P3574 ta'i si tu 03 bkra shis dpal 'byor, 1498-1541). Two children were initially brought forward for recognition as his reincarnation[2].
The first was Mikyo Dorje (mi skyod rdo rje), a boy born in the Ngom River (ngom chu) valley near Chamdo, Kham, on the fourth day of the eleventh lunar month, in the fire-hare year, 1507. According to Mikyo Dorje's autobiography, his biological father was called Ser Chadrel Jampa Shenyen (gser bya bral byams pa bshes gnyen) and his mother's name was Lama Drom (bla ma sgrom). She was said to be the grand-daughter of a disciple of the Fifth Karmapa, Dezhin Shekpa (P1410 karma pa 05 de bzhin gshegs pa, 1384-1415), named Khachopa Namkha Gyeltsen (mkha' spyod pa nam mkha' rgyal mtshan)[3]
Mikyo Dorje, referred to as the "eastern candidate," became widely considered in that area to be the incarnation of the Seventh Karmapa. Many auspicious signs and dreams of his parents and the people of that area were reported prior to and during his conception, as well as after his birth.[4] It is said, for example, that he uttered the six syllable mantra of Avalokiteśvara, oṃ maṇi padme hūṃ, at the moment of his birth. Many people came to see him in Ngom. In the same month he was born, the Third Tai Situ, Tashi Peljor (P3574 ta'i si tu 03 bkra shis dpal 'byor, 1498-1541) learned about the baby, consulted the Seventh Karmapa's prediction letter and visited the area. Mikyo Dorje's father told Situ that his newborn son had declared himself the Karmapa.
Tai Situ, with the prediction letter left by the Seventh Karmapa, asked the father about his family, such as their names and details about their house and its location. The father's answers concurred with the prediction letter in every way, save for a slight variation in the names of the parents..
The astrological signs around the child's birth year indicated that there would be obstacles to his life, for which Situ Rinpoche gave instructions to overcome. Moreover, he told the father to record anything the child might say that seemed significant. Afterwards Mikyo Dorje is said to have announced, "E Ma Ho! Do not have any doubts about me. I am called the Karmapa." Situ Rinpoche sent one of his patrons, a man named Tsokye (mtsho skyes), to examine him, during which Mikyo Dorje said the six-syllable Avalokiteśvara mantra seven times. Another group from a local Kagyu monastery visited him, and Mikyo Dorje spoke again, stating that he was happy to see them. Word of these miracles spread, engendering faith in the people of the region.[5]
The Second Gyeltsab is said to have first received news of the eastern candidate in 1508, at the same moment the rising sun shone on his tent and a servant poured his tea. He took the confluence of the three events to be an auspicious sign.[6] These above events, and the almost identical details in the prediction letter left by the Seventh Karmapa, led him to believe Mikyo Dorje was the Eighth Karmapa.
The Second Candidate from Kongpo
The second candidate, a boy known as the "western candidate," was the son of a man named Lama Amdowa (bla ma a mdo ba) of Kongpo Draksum (kong po brags gsum), south of Lhasa. Believing his child to be the reincarnation of the Seventh Karmapa, Lama Amdowa brought him to the Great Encampment. The Second Pawo, Tsukla Trengwa (P319 dpa' bo gtsug lag phreng ba, 1504–1566), who was only nine years old at the time, reported in his famous history, Scholars' Feast (khas pa'i dga' ston) that Lama Amdowa curried favor with the population there by providing them with food and drink,[7] and requested disciples of the Seventh Karmapa to investigate his claim. Tsukla Trengwa's account of the events also portrays Lama Amdowa as scheming to have his son selected. Including a conversation he had at Tuchen Monastery (mthu chen dgon) with the head disciplinarian, Denma Goshri (ldan ma go shri), who reported that the father of the western candidate was quite crafty, who had even admitted rehearsing certain lines with his son, in the belief that it was easy to make a tulku if the child spoke the right sentences.[8]
One source, by Sanggye Peldrub (sangs rgyas dpal grub), explicitly mentions that the western candidate appeared to have had the political support of two powerful families that had long been patrons of the Karmapas. The first of these was the Pakmodru family (phag mo gru), then the political rulers of Tibet following the end of Sakya rule, and which was then led by Ngawang Tashi Namgyel (P3589 ngag dbang bkra shis grags pa, 1488–1564). The second was the Rinpung (rin spungs) family based in Shigatse, then led by Donyo Dorje (P375 don yod rdo rje, 1464/65-1512)[9]. It has been suggested that this support by the latter, who was close patron of the the Fourth Zhamarpa, Chodrak Yeshe Pal Zangpo (zhwa dmar pa 04 chos grags ye shes dpal bzang po, 1453-1524), was the reason that the Zhamarpa, who would have been the most suitable principal tutor for the Eighth Karmapa, assumed a relatively low-key role in the recognition process and did not meet him.[10]
With the Pakmodru and Rinpung families backing the western Kongpo candidate, the Second Gyeltsab traveled to Kongpo Draksum to investigate the child. On meeting, he gave the boy three white scarves, which the child reportedly simply returned each one as they were given. This was taken as a negative sign by Gyelstab; in such formal encounters the recipient of the scarf should have offered a different one in return. To return the offered scarf was a sign of disrespect.[11]
Despite this inauspicious start, the Second Gyeltsab, invited the child to Kongpo Tse Lhakhang (kong po rtse lha khang),where treasured items from the Karmapas were then stored, and suggested the boy do a brief retreat there.
At that time, the Second Gyeltsab had two prophetic dreams regarding the two candidates. In the first, which he had during an earlier retreat in a hermitage called Nyewo Sapuk (snye bo sa phug), he saw a tiger who was unable to roar. To the west of the tiger was a lion who also could not roar. Suddenly from the east a dragon's roar pervaded all directions. At the sound of the roar, the lion immediately became a white dog and vanished.
In a second dream, which seems to have occurred shortly after placing the western candidate in retreat at Tse Lhakhang, he saw that all the western areas were black and unpleasant and all eastern regions were beautiful and filled with light.
When, later that day, the Gyeltsab examined both these dreams, he concluded that in the first, the tiger was him, the lion was the western candidate and the dragon was the eastern candidate, Mikyo Dorje.[12]The second dream was similarly evocative of the certainty that the eastern candidate, Mikyo Dorje, was the reincarnation of the Seventh Karmapa.[13]
Invitation and First Meeting of Mikyo Dorje and the Second Gyeltsab
While the Second Gyeltsab was investigating the candidacy of the western candidate, the inhabitants of Ngom sent a letter to the Great Encampment declaring that Mikyo Dorje was the rebirth of the Seventh Karmapa. In response, in the tenth lunar month of the monkey year, 1512, almost five years after the boy's birth, the Second Gyeltsab sent a delegation to bring Mikyo Dorje to the encampment, sending two monks, Lama Ripa (bla ma ri pa) and Dezhin ShekpaiWonpo (bde bzhin gshegs pa'i dbon po).[14]
Mikyo Dorje explains in his autobiography at the age of nine months he had been brought to Lhorong Dzong Monastery (lho rong dzong dgon). However due to the issue with the other candidate he stayed in the area around Lhorong until he was six years old, shuttled between Dzongsar, Lhorong Dzongsar and Riwoche Monastery (G70 ri bo che).[15] The messengers found him at Lhorong, and presented two letters wrapped in similar fashion. One contained "words of truth" (bden thob) and the other one was empty. The young child chose the correct envelope, to the delight of the messengers, who are said to have developed strong confidence in him as a result.[16]
In the twelfth lunar month of the same year, early 1513, Mikyo Dorje traveled to the Encampment via Wolung ('o lung), Drangra ('brang ra), Rusho (ru shod), and Tsangrak Sumdo (tshang rag gsum mdo) in the direction of Kongpo. Lama Ripa met him on the road with offerings. The inhabitants of the Encampment, wary of a second candidate, had decided to greet and invite the Lhorong Goshri (lhorong go shri), who was travelling with Mikyo Dorje as attendant, but to hold off on inviting the boy for the moment.[17]As it was not yet decided whether he was the actual Karmapa, a rule was laid down that no one should offer silk scarves, tea invitations or prostrations to the arriving boy. However, on meeting the boy, still then not yet at the Encampment, it is said that members of the welcoming party, forgetting their self-imposed rule, spontaneously prostrated to him, offered white scarves, and wept with devotion. Mikyo Dorje is said to have recognized almost all those who had served the previous Karmapa and called them by their name.[18]
On the first day of the first lunar month of the bird year, in early 1513, before the sun set, Mikyo Dorje arrived at the Great Encampment and met the Second Gyeltsab for the first time. Gyeltsab asked Mikyo Dorje if he knew who he was, if the tents and the arrangements of the encampment were the same as in the past, and who the master of the encampment was. Mikyo Dorje replied that he recognized Gyeltsab as Goshri but that he had let his hair grow longer than before. He told him not to be anxious, as the arrangement of the tents is just like before, and that Gyeltsab was the master.[19]
At that time, the Seventh Karmapa's throne and canopy were still set up. When Mikyo Dorje attempted to sit on the throne, panicked members of the Encampment tried to stop him.[20] At this point, Mikyo Dorje, despite being only around six years old, is said to have scolded Akhu Atra Jangchub Zangpo (P8024 akhu akhra byang chub bzang po), a student of the Seventh Karmapa, and Jangchub Rinchen (P? byang chub rin chen), the Secretary of the Encampment, telling them that none of the teachers and students in the Encampment knew what they were supposed to do. He asserted that he had shown numerous signs, that he remembered past lives, and that there had been multiple omens pointing to his identity, and yet none of them understood anything.
Both Candidates Publicly Examined
As there were now two viable candidates and no single authority to decide between them, the two rivals were brought together to be examined. Students of the Seventh Karmapa brought them various personal objects that had belonged to him, and they were asked to identify statues and paintings of the previous Karmapa. Tibetan histories, which are all written from the perspective of the winning candidate, depict the western candidate, who was seven years old, as having only known the names of his father and mother and some words for food and clothing, and as having wept in confusion. The examiners are said to have attempted to frighten the boys, and the western candidate's father reportedly employed bodyguards and tantrikas to further unnerve Mikyo Dorje.
Although the western candidate is said to have failed the first test, which occurred on the twenty-ninth day of the first lunar month, at the second test, on the first day of the second lunar month, he is said to have managed to recognize a painting with the seal of a previous Karmapa. Mikyo Dorje is said to have remained unperturbed; and even a little bored and indifferent. So, the supporters of the Eastern candidate presumed they had won and immediately proclaimed him the Karmapa, and celebrated with horse races and rituals.[21]
Threats of Violence and War
Although the Second Gyeltsab is depicted in the sources as being certain that Mikyo Dorje was the correct Karmapa, his authority was undermined by some criticism of his stewardship of the Encampment. During the time of the Seventh Karmapa very strict rules had been put in place: alcohol and meat were forbidden, and women could only enter during the daytime. These regulations went unenforced following the Seventh Karmpa's death, for which Gyeltsab was blamed. He was further accused of causing the death by poisoning of a monk who had suddenly died, a man called Tashi Dondrub (bkra shis don grub) from Karma Gon Monastery (G35 karma dgon).[22]
In the face of opposition at the Encampment, Gyeltsab suggested to the religious and political heads of the powerful provinces of Lhorong (lhorong) and Gyaton (rgya ston) that they return with Mikyo Dorje back to their region, Kham.[23] Mikyo Dorje's supporters were incensed by the failure to secure his recognition. They threatened that if he was not enthroned they would drive out ,with physical force, the other candidate and his party from the Encampment. Fearful that there might be bloodshed and war, the Encampment inhabitants backed down.[24] Although one source suggests they may have also backed down due to their powerful political ally, Donyo Dodrub just passing away in 1512.[25]
Gyeltsab Rinpoche's Dream of Two Women
The Second Gyeltsab thus remained in the Encampment, as did Mikyo Dorje. Continuing to press for Mikyo Dorje to be identified as the Eighth Karmapa, on the last day of the first lunar month of that year, the Second Gyeltsab prayed to the yidam deities to reveal the genuine rebirth of the Seventh Karmapa. The prayers resulted in a significant dream in which the eastern candidate, Mikyo Dorje, came and stood before him in a slightly offended manner and scolded him for not concluding the matter. Gyeltsab offered Mikyo Dorje a cushion, but he refused to sit. The dream continued with Gyeltsab looking for a better cushion for the boy and inviting him again to sit. Instead, the boy left and went to his own tent.
A white woman with matted locks, wearing robes of white silk, then came in front of the Gyeltsab, resting a huge white conch on her left shoulder, a conch so large that two ordinary people would not be able to carry it. She told Gyeltsab that even though she had blown this conch in every land, and that its sound had been heard , he was not taking notice of it. She further told him that she would no longer be able to blow the conch and left, with conch on her shoulder, going in the direction that the eastern tulku had gone.
Finally, a woman with reddish skin, brown hair, big blood-shot eyes, and a wrathful appearance, told him not to listen to lies, and that if he did he would fall ill and lose strength. The sources indicate that this dream further confirmed for the Second Gyeltsab that Mikyo Dorje was the unmistaken incarnation of Karmapa.[26]
Enthronement of Mikyo Dorje as Eighth Karmapa
The Second Gyeltsab declared that the time was now right to finally conclude the examination in favor of Mikyo Dorje. Thus, in the morning of the eleventh day of the second lunar month of that year, 1513, Mikyo Dorje was enthroned as the Eighth Karmapa. He received the black hat, symbol of the Karmapas, and the title Victorious Great Karmapa (rgyal ba karma pa chen po). The sources state that at dawn the Second Gyeltsab saw the face of the late Seventh Karmapa in the sun, and that the whole encampment woke up as if from a bad dream to a great trust in the Karmapa. The elaborate ceremony was celebrated by thousands of members of the Encampment and locals. The Chinese Emperor Zhengde (正德, r.1505-1521) is said to have sent gifts.
Gyeltsab Rinpoche's Advice to the Father of the Western Candidate
As Mikyo Dorje had previously declared (prior to his enthronement) that the son of Lama Amdowa was a tulku of Zurmang,[27] he offered him the title of Zurmang Chetsang Tulku (zur mang che tshang sprul sku). His father, Lama Amdowa, refused to remain at the Encampment, however, despite the Gyeltsab's and Karmapa's assurances that he and his son would be treated well and with respect if they remained. After leaving, they were apparently captured and imprisoned, and their supporters fled.[28]
The child is said to have told the Second Gyeltsab,
"From when I died in the tiger year (stag lo, 1506) until my rebirth in the hare year (yos lo, 1507) I stayed in the pure realm of Tuṣita with Maitreya and in the pure realm of Sukhāvatī and was happy. Then, because people had broken their faith,I thought it would be pointless to come here for the time being. When [thinking so] the protector Maitreya and the wisdom-ḍākinīs said, 'you have to take rebirth in the world (jambudvīpa).' Having taken rebirth, until this year I have stayed in Lhorong."[29]
Vows Bestowed and Teachings Given
On the third day of the fourth lunar month of that year, 1513, the Second Gyeltsab gave Mikyo Dorje the eight precepts of daily fasting, the upavāsatha vows, and the name Chokyab Drakpa Pel Zangpo (chos skyabs grags pa dpal bzang po).[30]
A few months later, in Wolung Yangon ('o lung yang dgon), on the third day of the eighth lunar month, Gyeltsab performed a hair cutting ceremony together with bestowing the 'going forth into homelessness,' or novice vows (rab byung, pravrajyā).
The Second Gyeltsab served as the seven-year-old Mikyo Dorje's first teacher. He taught him to read and write and bestowed the empowerments of Hayagrīva and Vajravārāhī, as well as instructions on Jinasāgara, Vajrayoginī, and Mahākāla. In the Eighth Karmapa's autobiography, Past Deeds of Mikyo Dorje, it describes his training under the Gyeltsab:
I met the great being, the Nyewo Goshri Tulku Tashi Namgyel, an emanation of Milarepa's disciple Zhiwa Wo (zhi ba 'od)and of the bodhisattva Peljor Dondrub. He gave me the Mahāyāna fasting vows and empowerments, blessings, and pith instructions including Avalokiteśvara Ocean of Victors (rgyal ba rgya mtsho), Vajravarāhi, and Mahākāla Bernakchen. I esteemed him highly with unbreakable respect and made him the object for gathering merit and confessing negative actions."[31]
The Eighth Karmapa's devotion to the Second Gyeltsab was such that he considered his Third reincarnation to be his teacher and not his student or inferior.[32]
After the Seventh Karmapa passed away in 1506, following his cremation an image of Avalokiteśvara appeared in each of his thirty-five vertebrae. The Garchen leaders put them inside stūpa, but afterwards, Mikyo Dorje scolded them, stating that as the relics were amazing they should have been placed where everyone could see them, and complained that people were not taking proper care of all the sacred objects and relics, or making offerings to them. Thus, when the Second Gyeltsab returned from Jang, he built a stūpa to house the relics.[33]
Passing Away at Young Age
In the wood-pig year, 1515, the Second Gyeltsab suddenly fell ill and passed away at only twenty-nine years old. There were rumors that he was poisoned, and some think that his body was not carefully looked after and buried in sand without honors to hide the suspected murder[34]. Nevertheless, tiny relics are said to have appeared in the sand where he had been buried. These events were written about in a letter by the Eighth Karmapa criticizing and scolding the people in the encampment. This letter is no longer extant but it is cited in Six Kamtsang Gurus and Students written by Ne Gowa Karma Shenpen Gyatso (Wylie?) at the time of theThirteenth Karmapa, Dudul Dorje (P375 karma pa 13 bdud 'dul rdo rje, 1733-1797). Likewise, the Fifth Dalai Lama's autobiography briefly mentions that such events happened. Sanggye Peldrub also describes many similar events in his commentary on the Eighth Karmapa's text Good Deeds.[35]
The Eighth Karmapa identified his reincarnation, the Third Tsurpu Gyeltsab, Drakpa Peljor (P1441 mtshur phu rgyal tshab 03 grags pa dpal 'byor, 1519-1549).
A khu A khra, dge slong byang chub bzang po. 2004. Rgyal ba kun gyi dbang po dpal ldan karma pa mi bskyod rdo rje'izhabs kyi dgung lo bdunphangyi rnam par thar pa nor bu'i phreng ba. In Collected Works of the Eighth Karmapa, vol. 1, pp. 33–106. Lhasa. W8039.
Chos kyi 'byung gnas. 1990. Rgyal tshab gnyis pa bkra shis rnam rgyal (1490-1518). In Gsung 'bum/ chos kyi 'byung gnas, vol. 11, pp. 695 – 695. Sansal: Palpung Sungrab Nyamso Khang. W26630.
Mi bskyod rdo rje, Karmapa VIII. 2004. Mibskyod rdo rje'ispyad pa'i rabs. In Collected Works of the Eighth Karmapa, vol. 1, pp. 350–387. Lhasa. W8039.
Sangs rgyas dpal grub. 2004. Rgyal ba spyan ras gzigs dbang brgyad pa'i rnam thar legs spyad ma'i don 'grel gsal ba'i sgron me. In Collected Works of the Eighth Karmapa, vol. 1, pp. 150–329. Lhasa. W8039.
Rheingans, Jim. 2017. Eighth Karmapa's Life and His Interpretation of the Great Seal. A Religious Life and Instructional Texts in Historical and Doctrinal Contexts. Hamburg: Numata Buddhist Studies.
Seventeenth Karmapa, Orgyen Trinley Dorje. 15 February – 17 March 2021. Teaching on Two Autobiographical Praises by Eighth Karmapa. Based on video recordings in Tibetan and English oral translation. Online video links on http://www.youtube.com/Karmapa.
Gtsug lag phreng ba. 1986. Chos 'byung mkhas pa'i dga' ston. Beijing: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang. W7499.
Copyright. Use and share with correct citations and/or permission of the author/publisher.
[1] Seventeenth Karmapa (2021, Day 6); Rheingans (2017, 74).
[2] Rheingans (2017: 75-83) also gives a brief account of this dispute.
[3] Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 3).
[6] A khu A khra, fol. 13a (p. 57); mKhas pa'i dga' ston (p. 1215).
[7]Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 3). Rheingans (2017: 75).
[8]Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 3).
[9] Rheingans (2017: 75-76).
[10] Rheingans (2017: 76).
[11]Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 3). Rheingans (2017) says Gyeltsab offered 'three gifts.'
[12]mKhas pa'i dga' ston, p. 1216; A khu A khra, fol. 14a /p. 59.
[13] Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 3). Rheingans (2017: 76). A khu A khra, fol. 13bf. (p. 58f.). mKhas pa'i dga' ston (p. 1216).
[14]Rheingans (2017: 79: fn.35), A khu A khra, fol. 18b (p. 68).
[15]Rheingans (2017: 77). Karma pa mi bskyod rdo rje'i rnam thar, fol. 2b (p. 333).
[16]Rheingans (2017: 79: fn 36). A khu A khra, fol. 18b (p. 68).
[17]Rheingans (2017: 79).
[18]Rheingans (2017: 80). A khu A khra, fol. 19b (p. 70). Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 3).
[19]Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 3).
[20]Rheingans (2017: 80), A khu A khra, fol. 20a (p. 71); mKhas pa'i dga' ston, p. 122.
[21]Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 3). Rheingans (2017: 80). See Sangs rgyas dpal grub, fol. 11b (p. 171); mKhas pa'i dga' ston, p. 1223.
[22] Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 5).
[23] Sangs rgyas dpal grub, fol. 11b (p. 171).
[24] Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 5). Rheingans (2017:81). mKhas pa'i dga' ston, p. 1223; Sangs rgyas dpal grub, fol. 12a (p. 172).
[25] Rheingans (2017:81: fn 47).
[26] Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 3). Rheingans (2017:81).
[27] Rheingans (2017:79). A khu A khra, fol. 17a (p. 65).
[28] Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 5). Rheingans (2017:83). A khu A khra, fol. 23a (p. 77)).
[29] Rheingans (2017:83). A khu A khra, fol. 25b, (p. 82).
[30] Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 6). Rheingans (2017: 84). A khu A khra, fol. 24a (p. 78).
[32]Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 6). Chos 'byung mkhas pa'i dga' ston, page?.
[34] Seventeenth Karmapa (2021: Day 5). Seventeenth Karmapa suggests this may be the reason.
12th Gyeltsab Rinpoche 17th karmapa 2nd Gyaltsab Rinpoche 7th Karmapa 8th karmapa gyaltsab rinpoche mikyo dorje Orgyen Trinley Dorje Praises to Gyeltsab Rinpoche by 17th Karmapa Tashi Namgyel
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PS Drayzong says:
25th Jun 2021 at 10:18 pm
Exemplary !!
Wonderful to read and grasp.
Great depth, meritorious.
Thank you💐🙏🏼
Thank you for your kind and generous comments! Very welcome 🙂

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
События
 Военные трибуны с консульской властью Луций Эмилий Мамерцин (7-й раз), Публий Валерий Потит Публикола (4-й раз), Гай Ветурий Красс Цикурин, Сервий Сульпиций Претекстат, Луций Квинкций Цинциннат (3-й раз), Гай Квинкций Цинциннат. Все — патриции.
 Афинский архонт — эпоним Каллей (377 до н. э. — 376 до н. э.).
 Агесилай II вновь опустошил окрестности Фив.
 Создание Второго Афинского (Аттического) морского союза . В Афинах принимается общее постановление относительно вновь образованного союза. Целью союза определяется защита свободы и автономии отдельных полисов от покушения со стороны Спарты. В договор был внесён ряд пунктов, специально ограничивавших право Афин и предупреждавших возможность злоупотреблений с их стороны. Подтверждалась свобода и полная автономия входивших в союз общин с сохранением государственного устройства, какое каждая община желает иметь у себя.
 В Афинах для установления постоянного и регулярно собираемого налога производится оценка имущества граждан (движимого и недвижимого). Все граждане были поделены на 20 групп — симморий. В их обязанности также входило снаряжение судов (триерархия) и содержание их в течение года.
 Спартанский гарнизон Гистиеи захватывает фиванские корабли, возвращавшиеся из Пагас (Фессалия) с грузом хлеба.
 377 год до н. э. соответствует 377-му же году римской эры (AUC, «от основания города»).

Скончались
 Гекатомн — сатрап Карии.
 Гиппократ (род. ок. 460 до н. э.) с Коса.
 Фебид — спартанский полководец.

См. также

Примечания

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Interviewer: Why did Syria agree to the Russian initiative which proposes handing over its chemical weapons to the international community? Why so rapidly?
President Al-Assad: Over 10 years ago, Syria presented the UN with a proposal for a WMD-Free Middle East; this was because the region is turbulent and has been immersed in wars for decades. Thus removing unconventional weapons would be rational in order to enhance stability, at that particular time the U.S hindered the proposal.
Firstly, in principle we strive for peace and stability therefore we do not perceive the existence of WMD's in the Middle East to have any positive effect. Secondly, in relation to current developments, Syria as a state genuinely seeks to avert another war of lunacy on itself and countries in the region, contrary to the efforts of warmongers in the U.S who seek to inflame a regional war. We continue to pay the price of U.S wars, be it in geographically distant Afghanistan or neighbouring Iraq. We believe that a war on Syria shall be destructive to the region and embroil it in a quagmire of instability for decades or generations to come. Thirdly, and most remarkably, what was most encouraging was the Russian initiative itself, without which we would not have been able to pursue this path.
Our relations with Russia are founded on trust which grew during the crisis throughout the last two and a half years. The fact that Russia has proven itself to have an insight into events in the region with high credibility as a reliable major power encouraged Syria to work towards signing the Chemical Weapons Convention.
Interviewer: For example, the American President Barack Obama and his Secretary of State John Kerry stated that Syria's acceptance of the Russian initiative to place the chemical weapons under international observation only derived from threat of missile strikes. Is this true?
President Al-Assad: This is American propaganda; Kerry, Obama and the American administration seek to appear victorious, as if their threats yielded success. This is insignificant to us; what matters is for the decision to be based on Syria's convictions and a significant Russian role. Only weeks ago, the American threats of a military strike were not for disarming Syria of WMDs, but based on American allegations regarding the use of chemical weapons. The Americans began to mention this not before, but after the G20 summit. Furthermore the main catalyst in this move was the Russian initiative alongside our discussions with Russian officials. Without the Russian initiative, the matter would not have been deliberated with any other country.
Interviewer: Yesterday, statements circulated that Russia presented the US a plan for fulfilling the initiative on international control of Syrian chemical weapons. Would Your Excellency please explain what was discussed in terms of proposed steps?
President Al-Assad: Over the forthcoming days, Syria shall send letters to the UN and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons with the technical records necessary to sign the convention. Subsequently, work shall commence to sign the anti-chemical weapons convention which prohibits its production, storage or usage. I believe the agreement will come into effect a month after signing it and Syria will start submitting data regarding its chemical weapons stockpile to international organizations.
These are standard procedures which we shall adhere to, however it does not mean that Syria will sign the documents, fulfil the obligations and that's it. It is a bilateral process aimed principally at making the US cease pursuing its policy of aggression against Syria and proceed in compliance with the Russian initiative. When we see the US genuinely working towards stability in the region and stop threatening, striving to attack, and delivering arms to terrorists then we will believe that the necessary processes can be finalised. From a Syrian perspective, we perceive that this is achievable and can be implemented; however this is not a single-track process. The only country capable of undertaking this role is Russia, due to the absence of trust and contact between us and the Americans.
Interviewer: Were the initiative to be implemented, which international body would the Syrian Arab Republic favour as the Organisation to control the chemical weapons? The situation in Syria is hardly ordinary.
President Al-Assad: We believe that the logical and appropriate body is the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. It is the only organisation that has the capability and experts which oversaw the implementation of this convention in all countries.
Interviewer: We all comprehend that Israel signed but has never ratified the Chemical Weapons Convention. Will Syria demand that Israel fulfils this requirement?
President Al-Assad: When we proposed a project on the elimination of WMDs in the region, the US opposed it; one of the reasons was to allow Israel to possess such weapons. If we desire stability in the Middle East, all countries in the region should adhere to these agreements, and Israel is the first that should do so, since Israel has nuclear, chemical, biological and other types of weapons of mass destruction. No country should possess weapons of mass destruction. That would protect the region and the world from devastating and expensive wars in future.
Interviewer: Syria will hand over its chemical weapons to international control; however we all know that Russian experts confirmed the use of poisonous chemical substances in Aleppo suburbs by an extremist terrorist group, what is your take on this? What do you suggest to protect Syrians and neighbouring countries from these groups that may launch chemical attacks?
President Al-Assad: The incident you cited was in March 2013 when the terrorists launched missiles carrying poisonous chemical materials on civilians in Khan al-Asal near Aleppo and tens were killed. Subsequently, we requested the UN to send a commission of experts to confirm and document what occurred in order to subsequently determine the identity of those responsible for the attack. As it was obvious that the terrorists were responsible, the US hindered the deployment of the commission to Syria.
Therefore, alongside the Russian experts, we submitted all the details and indications to Russia. The evidence confirmed that the attack was perpetrated by the terrorists in Northern Syria. The delegation of experts on chemical weapons - who were in Syria a week ago – are yet to return to implement the agreement we signed with them during their last visit, which stipulates inspecting a number of areas of which was Khan al-Asal was amongst the top. This must be carefully investigated to determine the nature of the materials used, who used them and most importantly which countries provided these poisonous materials to the terrorists and subsequently to hold them accountable.
Interviewer: Mr. President, is it possible to confiscate these poisonous materials from the terrorists? Is this feasible?
President Al-Assad: This ultimately depends on which countries are connected to the terrorists. All countries claim that they do not cooperate with terrorists, yet we know for certain that the West provides them with logistical support, claiming that it is a non-lethal military support or humanitarian aid.
However, the reality is that the West and particular countries in the region, including Turkey and Saudi Arabia, maintain direct contact with the terrorists and supply them with all measure of arms. We believe that one of these countries has supplied the terrorists with chemical weapons. One would assume that these states can cease supplying the terrorists with such weapons; nevertheless there are terrorists who would never comply. When they have arms and the opportunity to inflict havoc, they would never submit, even to those who provided them with weapons and money.
Interviewer: Mr. President, certain American media outlets reported that officers in the Syrian Arab Army on several occasions asked for your permission to use chemical weapons in fighting the armed opposition, you did not approve, however they used these poisonous weapons independently. Is this credible?
President Al-Assad: This is a part of American propaganda which spares no effort to justify aggression.
This reminds us of the actions of Collin Powell under George W Bush's administration ten years ago, when he presented what was claimed as evidence of Saddam Hussein's possession of WMD's which was later proven to be false. They are now repeating similar lies; what you quoted amounts to that. The reality is that, firstly, approving the use of chemical weapons was never discussed in Syria by any party. Secondly, the use of such weapons in different countries remains centralised and not at the disposal of the troops. No infantry or armoured divisions would have such armaments. These armaments are used by specialised units. Therefore these lies are neither logical nor credible.
Interviewer: Mr. President, very recently, the Congress was presented with what was pronounced as credible and indisputable evidence. There was video proof to prove the American narrative that chemical weapons were used in Eastern Ghouta by the Syrian Army. What is your opinion on this?
President Al-Assad: They failed to produce any evidence, not to Congress or the media; hence they did not present any proof to their own people or even to Russia with whom they are currently holding talks or any other country for that matter. It is just mere talk and an extension of American propaganda. Logically it is not conceivable to use WMD's only hundreds of metres away from your own troops. Those weapons cannot be deployed in residential areas since they would kill tens of thousands; nor when you are making major advances using conventional weapons. The rhetoric used was unconvincing which placed this American administration in a difficult position domestically. They were less skilful than Bush's administration that could convince part of the world of their lies. This administration could not even persuade its own allies of its lies. Therefore these allegations bear no value; they are unrealistic and un-credible.
Interviewer: Mr. President, the last question which I cannot spare since it concerns wider general safety and security. There are Russian specialists and media outlets who reported that terrorists may prepare for chemical attacks against Israel from government controlled areas. As commander in chief do you confirm this information?
President Al-Assad: Firstly, since it is certain that chemical materials are owned by terrorist groups and were used against our soldiers and civilians; this denotes that these materials are readily available. Secondly, we comprehend that these terrorist groups, or those who mobilise them, were seeking to provoke an American strike and, prior to that, they had attempted to involve Israel in the Syrian crisis. For the same reason, your proposition is not unlikely; a regional war would create more chaos which would enable these terrorist groups to inflict more destruction and sabotage. This is a genuine challenge since the terrorists do possess these chemical materials and certain countries are supplying them.


text:
Melinda Taylor
Australian criminal lawyer
Melinda Taylor is an Australian criminal lawyer who was arrested and detained in Libya in 2012 after being assigned by the International Criminal Court to defend Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, the son of Muammar Gaddafi.
1 Early life and education
Early life and education[edit]
Taylor is from Brisbane. She graduated from the University of Queensland with an arts/law degree in 1998.[1][2]
Career[edit]
Taylor worked as a victims' advocate and in international criminal law.[3] She worked as a researcher for Antonio Cassese, president of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia.[3]
Taylor helped set up the International Criminal Court's public defence counsel in 2006 and worked on defence cases before Tribunals in Yugoslavia and Rwanda.[1] She was assigned to provide assistance to Slobodan Milošević when he refused counsel during his trial.[3]
In 2012, Taylor was detained along with her interpreter Helen Assaf from Lebanon, Alexander Khodakov, a diplomat from Russia, and Esteban Peralta Losilla, a legal expert from Spain.[4][5] They were accused of spying by carrying coded documents to Saif al-Islam Gaddafi, their client.[5] Taylor was accused of smuggling a miniature video camera pen and watch.[4] Taylor was arrested and although her colleagues were released, they chose to remain with her.[4][1] They were detained in the Libyan town of Zintan on 7 June.[5] It was the first time an International Criminal Court official had been seized.[4] The president of the court, Sang-Hyun Song, demanded Taylor's immediate release, claiming she had immunity as she was on an official mission.[1] Many diplomatic officials, including Australian Foreign Minister Bob Carr, who flew to Tripoli, lobbied for their release.[5] In order to secure her release, the court apologised to the Libyan rebels for the incident and promised to investigate Taylor and her colleagues.[6] They were released on 3 July and flown to Rome on a plane provided by the Italian government.[7]
On 17 January 2013, charges of breaching national security were brought in a Zintan court against al-Islam, and against Taylor and her colleague in absentia.[8]
In 2016, Taylor led Julian Assange's case before the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention.[9]
Taylor also advises the Working Group on Syria, Propaganda and Media and, according to The Daily Beast in April 2021, has been in contact with one of its members, Paul McKeigue, since at least September 2019.[10]
Personal life[edit]
Taylor is married to Geoff Roberts, who is also an International Criminal Court lawyer, and they have one daughter. They live in The Hague, Netherlands.[5][3]
^ a b c d Flitton, Daniel; Callinan, Rory (11 June 2012). "Melinda 'safe and well' in Libya, Carr told". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
^ "The career of ICC lawyer Melinda Taylor". Perth now. 9 June 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
^ a b c d "Detained lawyer Melinda Taylor 'woman of integrity'". news.com.au. 12 June 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
^ a b c d Harding, Luke; Borger, Julian; Stephen, Chris (26 June 2012). "Libya accuses Australian ICC official of passing secret letter to Gaddafi's son". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
^ a b c d e Vasek, Lanai; Rout, Milanda (3 July 2012). "Australian lawyer Melinda Taylor, freed after being held in Libya, is reunited with her family". The Australian. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
^ "Melinda Taylor 'I'm free, now let's help Gaddafi's son'". The Daily Telegraph. 8 July 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
^ Lamloum, Imed (3 July 2012). "Freed Australian lawyer Melinda Taylor arrives in the Netherlands". Herald Sun. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
^ Cole, Peter; McQuinn, Brian (2015). The Libyan Revolution and its Aftermath. Oxford University Press. p. 167. ISBN 9780190257613.
^ Addley, Esther; Bowcott, Own; Crouch, David; Elgot, Jessica (6 February 2016). "Julian Assange: 'sweet' victory soured by British and Swedish rejection". The Guardian. Retrieved 5 May 2016.
^ Weiss, Michael; Goldsmith, Jett (20 April 2021). "Syria Chemical Attack Deniers Admit Links to WikiLeaks and Russia". The Daily Beast. Retrieved 20 April 2021.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Melinda_Taylor&oldid=1059944079"
Australian people imprisoned abroad
Australian women lawyers
Lawyers from Brisbane
Prisoners and detainees of Libya
University of Queensland alumni
Use Australian English from October 2016
All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English
Use dmy dates from October 2016
Year of birth missing (living people)


Halo 2 in windowed mode can support almost any resolution that matches your desktop.
To achieve this, make sure Halo 2 starts in windowed mode, and the press the Windows Key and Up Arrow on your keyboard at the same time to maximize the Halo 2 window.
If the game appears to be pixelated / scaled improperly, press Win+Down arrow to restore the original window dimensions and Win+Up arrow again. This bug seems to occur if you make resolution changes during a loading screen.
1. Halo 2 is not designed to go over 60fps. Do not set it above 60 and then complain about issues.
Have you tried this on a 2160p display? Whenever I use this font at 2160p some of the text is cut off, and some of it does not show up at all. Is there any fix for playing at this resolution?
The font fix works if I'm not in borderless windowed mode, but the second I turn on borderless windowed, the kill feed disappears.


text:
class QVBoxLayout;

namespace chatterino {

class IgnoresPage : public SettingsPage
{
public:
    IgnoresPage();

    void onShow() final;

private:
    QStringListModel userListModel_;
};

}  // namespace chatterino

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sinomphisa jeannelalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It is found in Madagascar and on the Seychelles, where it has been recorded from Mahé.

References

Moths described in 1956
Spilomelinae


text:
Blog Competition
Cono Sur Vineyards & Winery was founded in 1993, with the vision of producing premium, expressive and innovative wines. Our name refers to the company's geographic position: it represents wines proudly made in South America's Southern Cone, on whose western edge lays Chile and its gifted wine valleys. Right from the start Cono Sur applied new ideas and technology to winemaking traditional methods.
Our goal is to create incredible and inspiring Chilean wines.
The source of our inspiration
Four important geographic bodies surround the Chilean wine growing region: the Andes Mountains to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the Atacama Desert (the driest on earth), to the north and ancient glaciers to the south. These natural barriers essentially isolate Chile and for centuries have protected our vineyards. Other determining factors, such as abundant luminosity, significant daily temperature variation, dry weather during ripening season and fresh Andean irrigation water contribute to the production of pure and wholesome grapes.
Our pinot noir project
Our 'Pinot Noir project' started in 1999, with the aim of producing the best Pinot Noir in Chile: unique, expressive and proud of its New World roots, while vinified according to the Burgundian tradition. Our Pinot Noir grapes are harvested by hand and carefully destemmed. The fruit then undergoes carbonic maceration at low temperatures and is later foot trodden, followed by manual cap immersion to enhance colour extraction. After fermentation the wine ages for approximately 14 months in new French oak.
In 1998 we began implementing the decision to switch to sustainable agriculture. Sustainable agriculture, integrated vineyard management and several carbon footprint reduction projects have taken us to the forefront of environmentally friendly winemaking around the world. The idea is to avoid, as much as we can, the use of non-natural elements through the presence of geese, sheep, insects and plants. The environment becomes a self-regulating system, and our fruit is cultivated in a cleaner, healthier and happier way.
Located in Chimbarongo, in the midst of Colchagua Valley, Cono Sur's winery and cellar are equipped with cutting edge technology and provide our talented oenological team with every available tool to produce the best wines. The infrastructure at the winery is designed to allow the delicate handling of grapes and wine. Today, Cono Sur's winery has a total capacity of 12 million litres in temperature-controlled stainless steel tanks. Our aging cellar, which holds up to four thousand barrels, is both temperature and humidity controlled.
© 2020 Cono Sur Vineyards & Winery
Distributor: Findlater Wine & Spirit Group
79 Broomhill Road, Tallaght, Dublin 24
Enjoy Cono Sur Sensibly
Visit www.conosur.com Cookie & Privacy Policy Terms & Conditions
Website design by room150


Two days ahead of the race and very very relaxed. All because I'm still completely undecided about racing. To be clear my brain is decided and my heart is decided but unfortunately they're not in agreement.
Absolutely bonkers to race. My back appears to be on the mend so why risk aggravating it when I know I can't race to the level I aspire to. I should just view this as the start of my preparation for 2016.
7k swimming, 130k biking and 4k running for a total of 7 hours.
Hardly Ironman training. If I get as far as the run I'm unlikely to complete it and if I do it's not going to be pretty.
It'll be fun for much of it. No pressure, soak up the atmosphere. You can stop when you want. Race number 118 means there'll be a lot of shouting and I've mum and Rachel come down to support at least give them someone to cheer for a little while.
I've spent this week trying to establish what is bad for the back. It's not an exact science but it was OK after a reasonable solid ride on Wednesday and this morning I swam in rough seas and appears to be ok.
If I want any hope of running this will need to be very conservative so….
So…. optimistically I'm predicting my slowest Ironman ever.
This entry was posted in Race Preview and tagged Ironman, Tenby, Wales. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
LINDSAY WHO?
Who needs Lindsay Lohan? Look who's endorsing Aécio Neves now
Reuters/Gustau Nacarino
senior lifestyle correspondent
Published October 24, 2014 This article is more than 2 years old.
This Sunday, Brazilians will vote in a runoff election for their next president, deciding whether to keep the incumbent, Dilma Rousseff, or replace with her with the more business-friendly challenger, Aécio Neves. Neves is the underdog, but not by much. The two candidates remain neck-and-neck in polls, with Rousseff most recently turning up just ahead of Neves.
It's a moment when all eyes are on last-minute contributions, campaigning, and endorsements, which made it all the more bizarre when Lindsay Lohan—yes, Lindsay Lohan the troubled Hollywood starlet—apparently came out in favor of Neves on social media earlier this week. Lohan's publicist has since retracted the actress's endorsement. Undecided Brazilian voters were probably not waiting for Lohan to pick a side, but one has to wonder whether it could have actually hurt Neves in the polls, highlighting his reputation as an aristocratic playboy.
From Lohan's Twitter account on Tuesday.
Be that as it may, Neves just got an endorsement far more meaningful in Brazil than Lohan's. Neymar, the beloved captain of Brazil's national football team who plays for the Spanish club FC Barcelona, has taken to Instagram, YouTube, and Twitter (where he has nearly 15 million followers) urging Brazilians to vote and declaring his support for Aécio Neves.
"We're in an important political moment, and I know that each vote will decide the future of our country," he said, both on camera and in a caption on Instagram. "I am going to support Aécio Neves because I identify with his plans for Brazil. But rest assured that regardless of the result on Sunday, I will continue to support my country and the president elected by the people." Legendary Brazilian footballers Zico, Romário, and Ronaldo have also endorsed Neves.
It's likely Neymar will have to cast his ballot in absentia, thanks to another close contest on the calendar for this weekend: This Saturday Neymar, Lionel Messi, and their new teammate Luis Suarez will lead Barcelona as they take on Real Madrid in the first El Clasico of the football season.


How about something out of the ordinary to add to your holiday table? It seems that almost all of my cookbooks have at least one recipe for cabbage in it. Growing up in a Irish American family, we had a lot of cabbage dishes. Mostly corned beef cabbage and potatoes, or stuffed cabbage. My mom never used red cabbage.
This colorful cabbage dish, with its citrus tangerines is a fabulous side dish for any occasion. The wonderful thing is that this is one of those recipes that tastes even better the next day. You can also interchange with the green cabbage if needed.
In a deep large pot heat olive oil and butter. Add onions and cook until they begin to soften. Add cabbage salt and pepper cook for two more minutes.
Add stock, soy sauce, vinegar, tangerine and bay leaf. Reduce heat to medium low and allow to cook 12-15 minutes until tender crisp.
What a festive looking dish. I happen to love cabbage but I am the only fan in the household. Hope you had a great holiday!
Just found your blog via SRC and love it! Your recipes look so yummy and I can't wait to try.
This looks absolutely delicious! I love cabbage, especially the pretty purple cabbage. This looks so healthy and delicious…which is exactly the kind of meal I need after the holidays!


CYBG, the banking group behind the Clydesdale, is now handling a quarter of all transactions across the industry under a new system which enables customers to deposit cheques using their mobile phones.
Image clearing for cheques was introduced last October to enable customers to avoid having to visit a bank branch to deposit cheques.
Under the system, cheques can be scanned by mobile phone.
CYBG was one of the first banks to use the new feature via its mobile banking offer. It was launched on its B app in November 2017 and the capability has since been added to the Clydesdale and Yorkshire Banks banking apps for cheques up to £500.
The new system is running in parallel with the paper system until the second half of 2018 when all cheques will be cleared via image only.
Mark Curran, director of payments and open banking at CYBG, said: "Quick mobile cheque clearing is an excellent example of how we are making our customers' lives easier – offering functionality that is smart, secure and simple to use.
"Cheques have been embedded in our society for more than 350 years, but advances in technology have given the product a new lease of life. Feedback from our customers has been extremely positive, with people commenting on the ease of use and the benefit of being able to deposit a cheque whenever is convenient for them.


text:
Q: vb.net no error message pop up during runtime at debugging mode I am using vb.net 2010 version.  Lately, it is very strange.  Everything I will debug my program, it doesn't pop up or show me any error message.  I think I might have change some settings that led to this kind of problem.
Here is my simple code below:
Private Sub PhysicalInventoryToolStripMenuItem_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles PhysicalInventoryToolStripMenuItem.Click
        frmPhysicalInventory.MdiParent = Me
        frmPhysicalInventory.Show()
End Sub

Private Sub frmPhysicalInventory_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
     Dim dt = New DataTable()
     dt.columns.add(New DataColumn("qty_big", Type.GetType("System.Int33")))
End Sub

Note in the code, it should encounter a runtime at gettype, the data type should be System.Int32, not Int33.  The problem is vb.net does not tell me this error, it will just go out of that line with error and go back to frmPhysicalInventory.Show() and continue execute whatever line is left.
How can I set vb.net to show me runtime errors during debugging?  Any help will be greatly appreciated.  I am having this problem for several days now.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
A Whistle Emitting A Sound Of Frequency 440 Hz Is Tied To A String Of 1.5 M Length And Rotated With An Angular Velocity Of 20 Rad/s In The Horizontal Plane. Then The Range Of Frequencies Heard By An Observer Stationed At A Large Distance From The Whistle Will Be: (v = 330 M/s):
A whistle emitting a sound of frequency 440 Hz is tied to a string of 1.5 m length and rotated with an angular velocity of 20 rad/s in the horizontal plane. Then the range of frequencies heard by an observer stationed at a large distance from the whistle will be:
(v = 330 m/s):
400.0 Hz to 484.0 Hz
Frequency heard by the observer will be maximum when the source is in position D. In this case, source will be approaching towards the stationary observer, almost along the line of sight (as observer is stationed at a large distance).
Similarly, frequency heard by the observer will be minimum when the source reaches at the position B. Now, source will be moving away from the observer.
A is singing a note and at the same time B is singing a note with exactly one-eighth the frequency of the note of A. The energies of the two sounds are equal. The amplitude of the note of B is:
A twofold increase in the intensity of a wave implies an increase of:
An increase in intensity level of one decibel implies an increase in intensity of:
An observer is moving with velocity v0 towards a stationary sound source emitting waves of frequency n. If v is the velocity of sound waves, then the wavelength of the sound waves as detected by the observer will be:
A rocket ship is receding from the earth at a speed of 0.2 c. The ship emits the signal of frequency The apparent frequency to an observer on the surface of the earth is:
A source of sound S is moving with a velocity 50 m/s towards a stationary observer. The observer measured the frequency of the source as 1000 Hz. What will be the apparent frequency of the source when it is moving away from the observer after crossing him? The velocity of the sound in the medium is 350 m/s.
Two factories are sounding their sirens at 800 Hz. A man goes from one factory to the other at a speed of 2 m/s. The velocity of the sound is 320 m/s. The number of beats heard by the person in one second will be:
Two trains, one coming towards and another going away from an observer both at 4 m/s produce a whistle simultaneously of frequency 300 Hz. Find the number of beats produced?
A radio wave of frequency 840 MHz is sent towards an aeroplane. The frequency of the radio echo is 2.8 kHz more than the original frequency. Then the velocity of aeroplane is:
Two whistles A and B produce notes of frequencies 660 Hz and 596 Hz respectively. There is a listener at the midpoint of the line joining them. Both the whistle B and the listener start moving with speed 30 m/s away from whistle A. If speed of sound be 330 m/s, how many beats will be heard by the listener?


Weather.Jayscafe.net is the product of many years of thought, work and collaboration with many individuals.
Originally, the site began in 2006 with the desire to accurately and easily track hurricanes. However, the site has grown as my skill and talent has grown. Weather.Jayscafe.Net now has the ability to automatically monitor, provide tracking and analysis major storms in multiple theaters across the globe.
Now, it provides me with a method of showing value for myself, as I am fairly certain that I am permanently disabled due to some weird neurological condition that has yet to be named with the main symptom of extreme spasticity.
This site retrieves data from Weather.Unisys.Com, NHC.NOAA.GOV, and OpenWeatherMap. This data has licenses which prevent me from legally for products created from their data. This is not a problem for me, as I am not in it for the money. I am in it for the confidence that the site instills in me and the products it provides to others.
Be it known, that I am a mathematician and I look at things very analytical. The data is not modified and is as accurate as can be gotten from the sources. My opinions, unless otherwise stated, are my own. The use of this site to make life-decisions is discourages and I don't claim any scientific accuracy of my statements, graphs or other products generated from this site. I encourage you to find other news outlets to sway you into making these decisions as I am not qualified to help you come to those conclusions.
However, if you are looking for some human-readable information, I attempt to do my best and I hope you, ultimately, find some value in my products.


Thanks, David. Having the option to change has been really useful, without it he would have missed a few sessions. Danny has improved again this year under your coaching programme, please pass on my thanks to all your coaches; I will be looking to book some 1:1 sessions in the new year.
He went through the Warwickshire trials this year instead of Staffordshire & got selected for the Bulls development squad (District).


text:
[![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/py9b6esq9smjr6u5/branch/master?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/mmoayyed/dotnet-cas-client/branch/master)
[![Stable nuget](https://img.shields.io/nuget/v/DotNetCasClient.svg?label=stable%20nuget)](https://www.nuget.org/packages/DotNetCasClient/)
[![Pre-release nuget](https://img.shields.io/myget/dotnetcasclient-prerelease/v/dotnetcasclient.svg?label=pre-release%20nuget)](https://www.myget.org/feed/dotnetcasclient-prerelease/package/nuget/DotNetCasClient)
[![Unstable nuget](https://img.shields.io/myget/dotnetcasclient-ci/v/dotnetcasclient.svg?label=unstable%20nuget)](https://www.myget.org/feed/dotnetcasclient-ci/package/nuget/DotNetCasClient)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/License-Apache%202.0-blue.svg)](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0)

[![Gitter](https://img.shields.io/gitter/room/apereo/cas.svg)](https://gitter.im/apereo/dotnet-cas-client)
[![Stack Overflow](https://img.shields.io/badge/stackoverflow-cas%20%2B%20.net-orange.svg)](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/cas%2b.net)

## Introduction ##

The Apereo .NET CAS client provides CAS integration for the Microsoft Windows platform via the .NET framework.

## Features ##

- Supports CAS Protocol 1.0 and 2.0 and SAML 1.1
- Supports CAS single sign-out
- Rich support for Microsoft ASP.NET platform integration through Forms Authentication framework

## Table of Contents ##

* [Downloads](#downloads)
* [Release Notes](#release-notes)
* [License](#license)
* [Documentation](#documentation)
    * [Building](#building)
    * [Running](#running)
    * [Integration Instructions](#integration-instructions)

## Downloads ##

* The latest (stable) release is [available on NuGet](https://www.nuget.org/packages/DotNetCasClient/) or can be [downloaded from GitHub](https://github.com/apereo/dotnet-cas-client/releases).
* Unstable pre-release versions are [available on MyGet](https://www.myget.org/feed/dotnetcasclient-prerelease/package/nuget/DotNetCasClient)

## Release Notes ##

See [ReleaseNotes.md](https://github.com/apereo/dotnet-cas-client/blob/master/ReleaseNotes.md) for details.

## License ##

The Apereo .NET CAS Client is open source software, licensed under the Apache License 2.0.

See [LICENSE.txt](https://github.com/apereo/dotnet-cas-client/blob/master/LICENSE.txt) for details.

## Documentation ##

- [Apereo .NET CAS Client](https://wiki.jasig.org/display/casc/.net+cas+client)
- [Apereo Central Authentication Service (CAS)](https://apereo.github.io/cas/)

### Building

The source is intended to be built with [Visual Studio 2017](https://www.visualstudio.com/downloads/) (any 2017 edition including the free Community edition will work.)

The project can also be built via the command line using a [Cake](https://www.cakebuild.net/) build script.  If you are building from the command line, PowerShell or on a build server you must have the [Build Tools for Visual Studio 2017](https://www.visualstudio.com/downloads/) installed on the machine the build is occurring on.

To build the project from the command line, all you need to do is drop to PowerShell (or open a PowerShell window directly) and then run the **build.ps1** file to build the project and associated NuGet package.  The NuGet package will be copied to the **artifacts** folder in the root of the repo when the build process has completed.

### Running

The build (via Visual Studio 2017) produces a single managed assembly, DotNetCasClient.dll, that may be included as a dependency of another project.  However, it is recommended you install the NuGet package instead of referencing the DotNetCasClient.dll directly in a project because the NuGet package will handle adding/removing/updating other dependencies and references for you.

In addition to adding a dependency, the CAS integration must be configured via the web.config file. See the [Integration Instructions](#integration-instructions) below for details.

### Integration Instructions

The .NET CAS client integrates with ASP.NET applications by customizing the application web.config file. The client is implemented as an ASP.NET IHttpModule, CasAuthenticationModule, that provides hooks into the ASP.NET request/response pipeline through lifecycle events. This provides a familiar configuration path for client integration, including the following:

- Custom `casClientConfig` section containing CAS-specific configuration parameters that apply to `CasAuthenticationModule`
- ASP.NET forms authentication
- Registration of CasAuthenticationModule
- Authorization configuration
- Logging configuration (optional)

The `CasAuthenticationModule` must be made available to the application via the familiar process for .NET assemblies; either of the following is sufficient:

- Ensure it is deployed to the /Bin directory of the Web application
- Add it to the .NET Global Assembly Cache
- Configure `CasAuthenticationModule`

Define the casClientConfig configuration section:

- Register casClientConfig Section

```xml
<configSections>
  <section name="casClientConfig"
           type="DotNetCasClient.Configuration.CasClientConfiguration, DotNetCasClient"/>
  <!-- Other custom sections here -->
</configSections>
```

Place a `<casClientConfig>` configuration element directly under the root `<configuration>` element. The position of the `<casClientConfig>` element in the web.config file is unimportant.

```xml
<casClientConfig
  casServerLoginUrl="https://server.example.com/cas/login"
  casServerUrlPrefix="https://server.example.com/cas/"
  serverName="https://client.example.com:8443"
  notAuthorizedUrl="~/NotAuthorized.aspx"
  cookiesRequiredUrl="~/CookiesRequired.aspx"
  redirectAfterValidation="true"
  renew="false"
  singleSignOut="true"
  ticketValidatorName="Cas20"
  serviceTicketManager="CacheServiceTicketManager" />
```

The following attributes are supported in the casClientConfig configuration section.

| Attribute | Description | Required |
| ----------| -----------| ----------|
| `casServerLoginUrl` | URL of CAS login form. | Yes
| `serverName ` | Host name of the server hosting this application. This is used to generate URLs that will be sent to the CAS server for redirection. The CAS server must be able to resolve this host name. If your web application is behind a load balancer, SSL offloader, or any other type of device that accepts incoming requests on behalf of the web application, you will generally need to supply the public facing host name unless your CAS server is in the same private network as the application server. The protocol prefix is optional (http:// or https://). If you are using a non-standard port number, be sure to include it (i.e., server.school.edu:8443 or https://server.school.edu:8443). Do not include the trailing backslash. | Yes
| `casServerUrlPrefix ` | URL to root of CAS server application. | Yes
| `ticketValidatorName ` | Name of ticket validator that validates CAS tickets using a particular protocol. Valid values are `Cas10, Cas20, and Saml11`. | Yes
| `gateway` | Enable CAS gateway feature, see http://www.jasig.org/cas/protocol section 2.1.1. Default is false. | No
| `renew` | Force user to reauthenticate to CAS before accessing this application. This provides additional security at the cost of usability since it effectively disables SSO for this application. Default is false. | No
| `singleSignOut ` | Enables this application to receive CAS single sign-out messages sent when the user's SSO session ends. This will cause the user's session in this application to be destroyed. Default is true. | No
| `ticketTimeTolerance` | Adds the given amount of tolerance in milliseconds to the client system time when evaluating the SAML assertion validity period. This effectively allows a given amount of system clock drift between the CAS client and server. Increasing this above the default value may have negative security consequences; we recommend fixing sources of clock drift rather than increasing this value. This configuration parameter is only meaningful in conjunction with `ticketValidatorName="Saml11"`. Default value is `30000`. | No
| `notAuthorizedUrl` | The URL to redirect to when the request has a valid CAS ticket but the user is not authorized to access the URL or resource. If this option is set, users will be redirected to this URL. If it is not set, the user will be redirected to the CAS login screen with a Renew option in the URL (to force for alternate credential collection). | No
| `serviceTicketManager` | The service ticket manager to use to store tickets returned by the CAS server for validation, revocation, and single sign out support. Without a ticket manager configured, these capabilities will be disabled. Valid value is `CacheTicketManager`. | No
| `proxyTicketManager ` | The proxy ticket manager to use to maintain state during proxy ticket requests. Without a proxy ticket manager configured your application will not be able to issue proxy tickets. | No
| `gatewayStatusCookieName ` | The name of the cookie used to store the Gateway status (NotAttempted, Success, Failed). This cookie is used to prevent the client from attempting to gateway authenticate every request. Default value is `cas_gateway_status`. | No
| `cookiesRequiredUrl ` | The URL to redirect to when the client is not accepting session cookies. This condition is detected only when gateway is enabled. This will lock the users onto a specific page. Otherwise, every request will cause a silent round-trip to the CAS server, adding a parameter to the URL. | No

#### Register CasAuthenticationModule

Register `CasAuthenticationModule` with the ASP.NET pipeline by adding it to the `<system.web><httpModules>` and `<system.webServer><modules>` sections as demonstrated in the following configuration blocks.

##### Register with httpModules Section

```xml
<system.web>
  <!-- Other system.web elements here -->
  <httpModules>
    <add name="DotNetCasClient"
         type="DotNetCasClient.CasAuthenticationModule,DotNetCasClient"/>
    <!-- Other modules here -->
  </httpModules>
</system.web>
```

##### Register with modules Section

```xml
<system.webServer>
  <!--
   Disabled Integrated Mode configuration validation.
   This will allow a single deployment to  run on IIS 5/6 and 7+
   without errors
  -->
  <validation validateIntegratedModeConfiguration="false"/>
  <modules>
  <!--
   Remove and Add the CasAuthenticationModule into the IIS7+
   Integrated Pipeline.  This has no effect on IIS5/6.
  -->
  <remove name="DotNetCasClient"/>
  <add name="DotNetCasClient"
       type="DotNetCasClient.CasAuthenticationModule,DotNetCasClient"/>
  <!-- Other modules here -->
  </modules>
</system.webServer>
```

#### Configure ASP.NET Forms Authentication
Configure the ASP.NET Forms authentication section, `<forms>`, so that it points to the login URL of the CAS server defined in the casServerLoginUrl attribute of the casClientConfig section. It is vitally important that the CAS login URL is the same in both locations.

```xml
<system.web>
  <authentication mode="Forms">
    <forms
      loginUrl="https://server.example.com/cas/login"
      timeout="30"
      defaultUrl="~/Default.aspx"
      cookieless="UseCookies"
      slidingExpiration="true"
      path="/ApplicationName/" />
  </authentication>
  <!-- Other system.web elements here -->
</system.web>
```

#### Configure Authorization

Configure authorization roles and resources using the familiar ASP.NET directives. We recommend the user of a role provider that queries a role store given the principal name returned from the CAS server. There is not support at present for extracting authorization data from the attributes released from CAS via the SAML protocol.

#### Configure Diagnostic Tracing (optional)

`CasAuthenticationModule` uses the .NET Framework `System.Diagnostics` tracing facility for internal logging. Enabling the internal trace switches should be the first step taken to troubleshoot integration problems.

`System.Diagnostics` tracing requires that the source be compiled with the /TRACE compiler option in order to produce output to trace listeners. The binary distributions of the .NET CAS Client provided here on GitHub and as NuGet packages are compiled in RELEASE mode with the /TRACE option enabled. (Note: binary distributions prior to version 1.1.0 are compiled in DEBUG mode with the /TRACE option enabled.)

The following web.config configuration section provides a sample trace configuration that should be used to troubleshoot integration problems.

```xml
<system.diagnostics>
  <trace autoflush="true" useGlobalLock="false" />
  <sharedListeners>
    <!--
      Writing trace output to a log file is recommended.
      IMPORTANT:
      The user account under which the containing application pool runs
      must have privileges to create and modify the trace log file.
    -->
    <add name="TraceFile"
         type="System.Diagnostics.TextWriterTraceListener"
         initializeData="C:\inetpub\logs\LogFiles\DotNetCasClient.Log"
         traceOutputOptions="DateTime" />
  </sharedListeners>
  <sources>
    <!-- Provides diagnostic information on module configuration parameters. -->
    <source name="DotNetCasClient.Config" switchName="Config" switchType="System.Diagnostics.SourceSwitch" >
      <listeners>
        <add name="TraceFile" />
      </listeners>
    </source>
    <!-- Traces IHttpModule lifecycle events and meaningful operations performed therein. -->
    <source name="DotNetCasClient.HttpModule" switchName="HttpModule" switchType="System.Diagnostics.SourceSwitch" >
      <listeners>
        <add name="TraceFile" />
      </listeners>
    </source>
    <!-- Provides protocol message and routing information. -->
    <source name="DotNetCasClient.Protocol" switchName="Protocol" switchType="System.Diagnostics.SourceSwitch" >
      <listeners>
        <add name="TraceFile" />
      </listeners>
    </source>
    <!-- Provides details on security operations and notable security conditions. -->
    <source name="DotNetCasClient.Security" switchName="Security" switchType="System.Diagnostics.SourceSwitch" >
      <listeners>
        <add name="TraceFile" />
      </listeners>
    </source>
  </sources>
  <switches>
    <!--
      Set trace switches to appropriate logging level.  Recommended values in order of increasing verbosity:
       - Off
       - Error
       - Warning
       - Information
       - Verbose
    -->
    <!--
      Config category displays detailed information about CasAuthenticationModule configuration.
      The output of this category is only displayed when the module is initialized, which happens
      for the first request following application/server startup.
    -->
    <add name="Config" value="Information"/>
    <!--
      Set this category to Verbose to trace HttpModule lifecycle events in CasAuthenticationModule.
      This category produces voluminous output in Verbose mode and should be avoided except for
      limited periods of time troubleshooting vexing integration problems.
    -->
    <add name="HttpModule" value="Information"/>
    <!--
      Set to Verbose to display protocol messages between the client and server.
      This category is very helpful for troubleshooting integration problems.
    -->
    <add name="Protocol" value="Verbose"/>
    <!--
      Displays important security-related information.
    -->
    <add name="Security" value="Information"/>
  </switches>
</system.diagnostics>
```

The configuration above will produce trace output to the file `C:\inetpub\logs\LogFiles\DotNetCasClient.Log`. This file path is only representative; a convenient and accessible path should be chosen based on deployer requirements.

**Note**: The application pool in which the CAS-enabled .NET application runs must execute under a user with permission to create and write the trace log file.


Press clippings: Me & My Projects _ Mathias Vestergaard Corp.
I write about food, drinks, fashion, design and random ideas. Nonetheless, occasionally someone also writes about me and about what I do. In this section, you will find some references to press clippings about me. However, due to copyright restrictions I'm not able to share the content with you directly.
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