text:
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { ComponentFixture, fakeAsync, TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';
import { BrowserAnimationsModule } from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';
import '../../../scripts/jest/toHaveCssClass';
import { CollapseModule } from '../index';

// in jsdom elements has zero size by default
const template = `
  <div [collapse]="isCollapsed" style='height: 300px;width: 500px;'>
    collapse directive
    <div [hidden]="isHidden">dynamic content</div>
  </div>
`;

@Component({
  selector: 'collapse-test',
  template
})
class TestCollapseComponent {}

// TODO: - add animate
//       - check callbacks have been called or not called (expanding, expanded, collapsing, collapsed)

describe('Directive: Collapse', () => {
  let fixture: ComponentFixture<TestCollapseComponent>;
  let element;
  let context;

  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      declarations: [TestCollapseComponent],
      imports: [
        CollapseModule,
        BrowserAnimationsModule
      ]
    });
    fixture = TestBed.createComponent(TestCollapseComponent);
    fixture.detectChanges();
    context = fixture.componentInstance;
    element = fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('.collapse');
  });

  it('should have collapse class', () => {
    const div = fixture.nativeElement.querySelector('div');
    expect(div.classList).toContain('collapse');
  });

  it('should add/remove in class on toggle', () => {
    expect(element.classList).toContain('in');
    context.isCollapsed = true;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    expect(element.classList).not.toContain('in');
  });

  it('should be hidden on initialization if isCollapsed = true', () => {
    context.isCollapsed = true;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    expect(element.offsetHeight).toBe(0);
  });

  xit(
    'should not trigger any animation on initialization if isCollapsed = true',
    () => {
      expect(true);
    }
  );

  it('should collapse if isCollapsed = true on subsequent use', () => {
    context.isCollapsed = false;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    context.isCollapsed = true;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    expect(element.offsetHeight).toBe(0);
  });

  // in jsdom offsetHeight is always zero
  it('should show after toggled from collapsed', fakeAsync(() => {
    context.isCollapsed = true;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    // expect(element.offsetHeight).toBe(0);
    expect(element).not.toHaveCssClass('show');

    context.isCollapsed = false;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    // expect(element.offsetHeight).not.toBe(0);
    expect(element).toHaveCssClass('show');
  }));

  xit(
    'should not trigger any animation on initialization if isCollapsed = false',
    () => {
      expect(true);
    }
  );

  // in jsdom offsetHeight is always zero
  it('should expand if isCollapsed = false on subsequent use', () => {
    context.isCollapsed = false;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    context.isCollapsed = true;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    context.isCollapsed = false;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    // expect(element.offsetHeight).not.toBe(0);
    expect(element).toHaveCssClass('show');
  });

  it('should collapse if isCollapsed = true on subsequent uses', () => {
    context.isCollapsed = false;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    context.isCollapsed = true;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    context.isCollapsed = false;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    context.isCollapsed = true;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    expect(element.offsetHeight).toBe(0);
  });

  it('should change aria-expanded attribute', () => {
    expect(element.getAttribute('aria-expanded')).toBe('true');
    context.isCollapsed = true;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    expect(element.getAttribute('aria-expanded')).toBe('false');
  });

  it('should change aria-hidden attribute', () => {
    expect(element.getAttribute('aria-hidden')).toBe('false');
    context.isCollapsed = true;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    expect(element.getAttribute('aria-hidden')).toBe('true');
  });

  describe('dynamic content', () => {
    it('should grow accordingly when content size inside collapse increases', () => {
      context.isCollapsed = false;
      context.isHidden = true;
      fixture.detectChanges();
      const heightWithoutDynamic = element.offsetHeight;
      context.isHidden = false;
      fixture.detectChanges();
      const heightWithDynamic = element.offsetHeight;
      expect(heightWithDynamic).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(heightWithoutDynamic);
    });

    it('should shrink accordingly when content size inside collapse decreases', () => {
      context.isCollapsed = false;
      context.isHidden = false;
      fixture.detectChanges();
      const heightWithDynamic = element.offsetHeight;
      context.isHidden = true;
      fixture.detectChanges();
      const heightWithoutDynamic = element.offsetHeight;
      expect(heightWithoutDynamic).toBeLessThanOrEqual(heightWithDynamic);
    });
  });

  describe('expanding callback returning a promise', () => {
    xit('should wait for it to resolve before animating', () => {
      expect(true);
    });

    xit('should not animate if it rejects', () => {
      expect(true);
    });
  });

  describe('collapsing callback returning a promise', () => {
    xit('should wait for it to resolve before animating', () => {
      expect(true);
    });

    xit('should not animate if it rejects', () => {
      expect(true);
    });
  });
});


I am Shana and I live in America. I am also thirteen. I received your letters, and I want to encourage you because not all Americans agree and support what our country is doing to yours.
I understand what you said in your lettters and when I read them my heart hurt for you. I know that there is not much I can do for you except to pray.
I believe that our God sees and hears you and you should know that me and the community where I live are praying for you and other people who are suffering. Please try to forgive our country,. I do not know much about the situation yo are in, so I can't say much more, but be encouraged.
Despite the rain people gathered in Union Square, NYC, to protest--protesting against their government's will. Old, young, and students of college were gathered there holding signs: Stop War on Iraq.
Seeing the word Iraq on their banners made me cry. I wished that these words turned into actions to stop my people's suffering.
People were enthusiastic and motivated for peace to the Iraqi people. It is amazing that many people here in this country do not want the occupation to continue. Many of them want bloodshed to be stopped. Many people realize the government's lies. Many people from different countries and backgrounds: Chinese, Japanese, Iranian were there against war.
But what hurts me is that I didn't find any Arabic person. Maybe they were there but we didn't see them. I felt happy and sad at the same time because these voices cannot be heard in the land of freedom and Democracy. I hope the equal of their voices can reach their government's heart and change their beliefs one day.
Not one friend. Not one relative. Not one contributor of dollars to 121Contact. Not one teacher from my old school. Not one member of my peace group.
As of Saturday, Oct. 27, 2007, at least 3,840 members of the U.S. military have died since the beginning of the Iraq war in March 2003, according to an Associated Press count. The figure includes seven military civilians. At least 3,127 died as a result of hostile action, according to the military's numbers.
And then we watched that YouTube video in whick the US soldiers are riding the back of a truck speeding through the streets of Baghdad and about a dozen kids are racing after the truck. The soldiers taunt the kids while waving a bottle of water at them and offering it to them while driving just fast enough so that the kids can't catch up.
Soldier 1, holding a commercial bottle of water in his hand and waving it at the kids who are chasing with outstretched arms: Are you getting this?
Soldier 2, the one with the video camera: Yeah. I got it. I got it.
Soldier 1: This kid's runnin' like 2 miles. This kid's runnin' forever.
Solder 2 (laughs): I'm getting' em.
Soldier 1(laughs): Come on. Water. Get it.
And one by one the kids drop out of the chase, exhausted and still thirsting for some fresh water. The soldiers laugh, and we cry.
This letter is also for any other Iraqis who this letter may reach.
I'm so very sorry you have to go through this suffering everyday. I do my best to keep track of the world news here in the United States; sadly, our major news media here is basically worthless so I go to more independent sources: Democracy Now, Al Jazeera, Guardian, and from others online. I do not know how much this will help to make your day better, but just to let you know I do try to stop this United States occupation the best way I can: I write letters to congressmen and women, sign petitions, and try to talk to fellow citizens to do the same in order to stop this nightmare.
I'm a college student, my name is Lester Lakey, and I graduated with a BA in anthropology in 2006. Right now I work and read all the time: preparing for graduate school. I write too.
I started writing my first novel a few months ago. It's a satire about my government and world events and peoples struggle to survive among the insanity others sometimes put each other through. I don't know if this is something any of you have time for and maybe some of you already do write, but I find it is very cathartic to write, write, and write. Whether it is poetry, stories, or a journal you keep, it helps the spirit to write and even share your writings with others. I've taken an Arabic class and I know how beautiful the Arabic script flows. I don't write in Arabic unfortunately, but I'm aware of and do respect its beauty.
I wish I could invite a number of you here to the states with me and wait out this terror in your country. I hope this letter makes it to at least one Iraqis who gets a little hope from this letter. I'm not a religious man but I am spiritual and I do believe and know we are all connected. And I do know prayer does work.
I will continue to pray for you everyday that this madness will end; inshaalla.
Sep 25 An Intimate dinner with some of New York City's women of influence.
Nov 15-16 Urbana University, Urbana OH, classroom and large forum events.
Nov 19 SUNY/Orange County Community College (Middletown NY), a talk.
Please click the 'Continue reading'' link to see the details.
Nesreen is here! This brave Baghdad schoolteacher has come to America to speak with you about the reality of life in Baghdad today—the result of our occupation of her nation.
3 years ago Bruce and Nesreen teamed up to teach about the people on the "other side" of the war, creating an email peace bridge.
In Brooklyn, the 121Contact project is led by Bruce Wallace, a member of September 11th Families for Peaceful Tomorrows. His nephew, Mitch Wallace, was killed at the World Trade Center.
Join us to hear about life in Baghdad today, and learn of a new question few are brave enough to ask about America's responsibility to the Iraqi people.
Oct 24 2007 a baghdad mother asked, "Oh my God. When will this suffering end?"
You know I just remembered an incident. One day I woke up after noon, because I do usually sleep after lunch for about an hour, or something like that. I heard shooting.
My aunt, my mother's sister, was visiting and she was sitting with my sister-in-law, and I asked about my brother (her husband) and she said he had gone with one of his sons to buy a pair of shoes. And I asked her, "Did he go driving or walking?"
She said, "Well, I'm not sure," as the shooting began to increase.
I went to the kitchen and looked out the window which means he went driving with his son. The door of garage was open. He left it this way. The shoe store is close, about 5 minutes driving, so he left the door to the garage open--this leads to the kitchen of the house.
At this moment when I was looking through the window three or four police cars came and two of them stopped near my house. I started to worry about my brother. Then suddenly policemen got into the garage of our house because the shooting was very hard now. So they hid in our garden, behind the fence. Some of them jumped the fence to my neighbor and, what is the word, when you enter the house without the people's permission...some of them broke into my neighbor's house and I hear her start to shout because they were holding guns and yelling and shouting.
She thought they are going to take her sons...detain her sons. I can her her saying, "What did they do? What did they do?"
I saw those men in the garden of my house and saw the direction of the shooting was where my brother went to the shoe store. So I went back to my sister-in-law and asked which store and she said, "The one in the neighborhood."
I picked up my phone and started to call my brother. He did not answer. The phone was ringing and ringing. My sister in law wanted to talk with the soldiers and tell them not to shoot because her husband may come that way. I told her not to do so because she may be shot.
She went to the officer. The soldiers where crouched behind the fence and looking at her and me. She said, "My husband went to buy shoes for my son. Down the street there and I am afraid you will shoot him."
"What is the color of the car? There is a car shooting at us."
"Don't worry. I see a white car and there is nobody in the car. They must be in the store."
So she thinks they are safe. The shooting continued for about 15 minutes and I was very much worried and continued to call but he didn't answer me. Then the shooting all of a sudden stopped.
The men who were up on the roof jumped onto our garage roof and the ones in the neighbor's house came to the door and they were laughing. They said, "Did you see that woman. She was afraid that we were going to take her son."
"Of course," one replied. "With these machine guns of course she was afraid."
One of the soldiers came and told me to bring them water. I brought it and he said, "Hey, this is a hot water."
I said, "I'm sorry, but we don't have electricity."
Then another asked for a bottle of water and I went to fetch it but when I came back they were all outside and now I had to bring the water outside. I was afraid the shooter was still nearby and would kill me. I hoped that the shooter would understand that I am afraid of the soldiers.
The soldier said, "Are you afraid of us? I see your hands are shaking.
I said, "Of course I am."
He said, "Come on be brave," and then they went away.
I stayed out and tried to see a white car, but there was no white car. So I started to call again and still there is no answer. So after about ten minutes I saw the car with my brother and his son. They were coming on the wrong side of the two-way street. I saw them and I was very relieved and said, "al Hamdulilah."
I called you many times and I was so worried. The soldiers were here in the house.
Oh. I made my phone silent.
The officer said you went from the car into the store. He said he could see you.
My brother said, "He was lying. I was at a different store in the other direction. He could not have seen me. He was trying to calm you down so you would not worry."
But you know, people had told my brother that they saw soldiers in my house so he was worried, too.
I said, "Don't worry. They were not in our house. They were next door."
He said, "Let's check on our neighbor."
We went to check on the neighbor. She was pale, and still in shock. At the same time her sons were laughing at her. She said, "I thought they were going to take my sons. They didn't do anything. They were studying. They entered the house without permission and I was uncovered."
And we laughed because she was so frightened. We all laughed, and then she said, "Oh my god! When will this suffering end?"
Listen to these two voices! Eat the courage of their hearts and spit out the pits of vengeance as they have done! All our atrocities in Iraq cannot shake the moral fiber of these young Baghdadis. We can hold guns to their heads. We can make them quake with fear. We can fill them with hatred for us.
But we cannot shake their belief that violence against innocents is evil.
Listen to these two voices and imagine the hundreds of thousands that they speak for. They don't want revenge. They only want our troops to come home and our help to rebuild the nation we crushed.
I want to join your 121contact. Me and my brother A.
I am 16 years old. I live in Baghdad in a shia neighbourhood because we are shia and we love all iraqis, sunnies and kurdish, sabia or yazidiys, muslims and christians and me and brother want your troops to go out because they are bad. We do not like them. They came to our house and told the girls inthe house to go out in the garden and my father and my brother saty in the house with the soldiers. they ordered my father to lie on the ground and my brother too. I cried when I saw my father on the ground and the gun on his head. I closed my eyes because I do not want to see him dead. the other soldiers searched our house and threw my books and clothes on the floor. my mother was brave and talked to the translator that we have nothing and we are innocents and we have only one gun to protect our family. they went and leave my house and the rooms broken. I hate you we did not do anything to your houses and your families why you hurt us?
I am A, 13 years old. I want to say that you have the power to do everything but you donot have the power to kill the will of the iraqi people. We are stronger because we have the faith in Allah and we will defeat you one day insha allah because you are attackers and know nothing about decency and I do not respect you because you do not respect the iraqies.
Do you accept Iraqies to start war against you and kill your old father and mother and break your schools and mosques? Do you accept iraqis to burn your country and hurt your women?
But We wont do what you did to us because we are good people and we have morals.
You can hear the voice of a Baghdad teacher speaking of life today under the occupation.
Go to http://mp3.wtprn.com/INNRadio07.html and hear Tom Kiley's interview of Nesreen.
Nesreen speaks in the second hour so you'll have to wait for the file to load before hearing her.
You'll get a view of life in Baghdad that doesn't get to ordinary American media these days. Thanks to Tom and the INN Weekend Report we can get a glimpse of the horrors we have delivered to innocent Iraqi civilians.
At first there was hope of the things that the great and powerful America could do.
Day by day the reality became known.
"...war has changed all the aspects in Iraq..."
"We never had such violence before."
"We have more than one million displace families in Iraq and we don't know why."


text:
Foundry Commercial Wins Management of 1.5-Million-Square-Foot Industrial Park, Research Tri-Center, in Raleigh
--Ten-building asset brings commercial real estate firm's regional management portfolio to 6.5 million total square feet --
RALEIGH, N.C. (Feb. 27, 2017) – Foundry Commercial, the multi-city commercial real estate firm with offices in Charlotte and Raleigh, announces today that it is now the leasing agent and manager of Raleigh's 1.5-million-square-foot industrial office park, Research Tri-Center.
Ideally positioned near Interstate 40, Interstate 85, the Durham Freeway (Highway 147), and the I-540 Outer Loop of Raleigh, Research Tri-Center lies within the heart of the Research Triangle region, with centralized access to Raleigh, Durham, Chapel Hill and Cary. Already a premier industrial park in the area, the ten-building property, which is currently 98 percent leased, will undergo several improvements under Foundry's management and partnership with Clarion Partners, including roof replacement, asphalt work and landscaping work. Clarion holds the property on behalf of a commingled fund managed by the firm.
"Having leasing and management under one roof at Research Tri-Center gives us the flexibility and capabilities that are required to maintain this high-quality asset to the best of our abilities for current and future tenants," said John Kelly, SIOR, market leader at Foundry Commercial. "As our property management team continues to grow in Raleigh, we are increasingly excited by opportunities like this one, which allow us to serve our customers with innovative services in an evolving market."
"We are excited to bring in Foundry as we continue to improve our park," said Joe Zingaro, vice president at Clarion Partners. "Foundry has a strong local team and we look forward to growing our relationship while providing great service to our tenants."
Foundry's property management team was established in the Raleigh market in 2013. In that short time, the team has evolved to become one of the largest in the region. This growth is a direct result of Foundry's expanding management portfolio in the Southeast.
Current space availability at Research Tri-Center includes 31,236 square feet at the South III building, and 83,119 square feet at the South VIII building.
Foundry Commercial is a full-service real estate services and investment company with 270 employees and more than 40 million square feet of management and leasing across the Southeast and Texas. Foundry provides corporate services, brokerage, leasing, building management and project management services, and is the largest real estate service provider to religious and not-for-profit organizations in the Country. Foundry also includes a development and investment platform that is fully integrated into its services business, leveraging its local market expertise to control more than $500 million in advantaged investment opportunities in partnership with its clients. Foundry Commercial was founded as CNL Commercial Real Estate in 2007 and launched as Foundry in 2015 through a management-led buyout. For more information, visit www.foundrycommercial.com.
About Clarion Partners
Clarion Partners, an SEC registered investment advisor, FCA authorized manager and FINRA member firm, has been a leading U.S. real estate investment manager for more than 34 years. Headquartered in New York, the firm has offices in Atlanta, Boston, Dallas, London, Los Angeles, São Paulo, Seattle and Washington, D.C. With $44 billion in total assets under management, Clarion Partners offers a broad range of real estate strategies across the risk/return spectrum to its more than 200 domestic and international institutional investors. More information about the firm is available at www.clarionpartners.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hamilton Edges Bottas to Score Pole for French GP
Motorsports Tribune	 Jun 23, 2018
Lewis Hamilton took his 75th career pole position in qualifying at the Circuit Paul Ricard for the first Formula 1 French Grand Prix in a decade. Hamilton edged team-mate Valtteri Bottas by just over a tenth of a second with championship leader Sebastian Vettel third and three tenths down on the Briton.
At the start of Q1, Red Bull Racing's Max Verstappen was the first of the top three team drivers to set a time and his 1:31.823 was good enough to push Haas' Romain Grosjean out of P1. The Dutchman was edged out of top spot by Bottas and then dropped to third as Hamilton moved to the top of the order with a lap of 1:31.589.
Ferrari's Kimi Raikkonen briefly moved to the front before Verstappen again went quickest. His time in P1 was also short, however, as Hamilton put in another good lap to claim Q1's fastest time with a lap of 1:31.271, over two tenths clear of Verstappen.
At the bottom of the order, the drivers in the drop zone as the session drew to a close were P16 man Stoffel Vandoorne, followed by Force India's Esteban Ocon and Sergio Perez, followed By Williams' Sergey Sirotkin and Lance Stroll.
There were no problems for the Force India pair in the final runs, with Ocon vaulting to P12 a place ahead of Perez. Their progress mean that McLaren's Fernando Alonso slid down the order to become the first man eliminated in P16. He went out ahead of Toro Rosso's Brendon Hartley, Vandoorne, Sirotkin and Stroll.
Light rain began to fall as Q2 got underway but with conditions not being adversely affected the field took to the circuit on dry tyres, with the Mercedes and Red Bull drivers trying to make it through on supersoft tyres.
Hamilton eventually topped the order with a lap of 1:30.645 on the red-banded rubber. His lap put him just under a tenth of a second clear of the ultrasoft-shod Sebastian Vettel, with Raikkonen, who also used ultrasofts, third with a time of 1:30.772.
Verstappen took fourth ahead of Bottas, Grosjean and Haas' Kevin Magnussen, as he improved on a second run on supersofts, but Red Bull team-mate Daniel Ricciardo settled for P8 as he slowed right down at the end of the third sector while on ultrasoft tyres on his final run.
Carlos Sainz made it through to Q3 in P9, while Charles Leclerc scored his first Q3 berth and Sauber's first of the season with P10.
The first runs of Q3 saw Hamilton establish himself in provisional pole with a time of 1:30.222, just 0.095s ahead of Bottas, with Vettel in P3 on a time of 1:30.400. Verstappen held fourth ahead of Ricciardo, Raikkonen and Sainz.
Further back on track Grosjean lost control in Turn 4 and slid off into the barriers. The crash brought out the red flags.
The action resumed six minutes later, with a little under six minutes left on the clock and at the top it was only the Mercedes drivers who managed to find an improvement in the final runs. First Bottas made time in the third sector to take pole position with a time of 1:30.147 but Hamilton then found more, posting a final lap of 1:30.029 to take his 75th career pole position.
Behind the Mercedes pair Vettel and the Red Bull drivers settled on their first run times, with Raikkonen taking sixth. Sainz qualified well to take seventh on a day when his team-mate could only manage P12, but perhaps the best performance beyond pole position went to Leclerc, who took eighth place, Sauber's best qualifying performance since Nico Hulkenberg qualified in fourth place for the 2013 US Grand Prix. Ninth place in today's session went to Magnussen, with the unfortunate Grosjean in 10th place.
Tags : Charles Leclerc, Circuit Paul Ricard, FIA, Formula 1, French Grand Prix, Lewis Hamilton, Romain Grosjean, Sebastian Vettel


the BULB project- COMING SOON!
THE BULB PROJECT IS A SERIES OF SMALL BATCH HAND PULLED PRINTS AND ORIGINAL PAINTINGS, FOCUSED ON FLORA AND FAUNA, WITH A PERCENTAGE OF PROCEEDS DIRECTLY FUNDING LOCAL PARKS AND COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS FOR THE PURCHASE OF FLOWER BULBS AND HELPING WITH SEASONAL PLANTINGS IN UNDERSERVED URBAN AREAS. EVERY PIECE SOLD CAN SUPPLY A NEIGHBORHOOD IN NEED WITH AS MANY AS 5 TO 15 BULBS!


text:
When assessing President Obama, love cannot be measured but treason surely can
Mayor Giuliani and all Neoconservatives too often confuse the sound of their own voices with the voice of God and therefore expect the great unwashed American citizenry to believe what they have said and do what they have ordered without a second-thought. When Giuliani said that President Obama does not love America, he may have expected the citizenry to collectively stand up and agree. Well, much of it has not done so, and probably will not unless Giuliani can tie an unmeasurable — "love" — to some recognizable metric. Needless to say, he will not be able to do so. One could, I suppose, turn the table on Mayor Giuliani and his Neoconservative brethren and argue that they do not "love" the United States and are disloyal to it because they are always eager to expend American lives, honor, and treasure to support Israel, a nation which is irrelevant to U.S. national security. American patriots, after all, generally do not knowingly waste American money and lives to serve foreign interests that are counterproductive for U.S. national security.
Anyway, George Washington and his founding colleagues believed that the only way to judge a man's character, loyalties, and intentions is to observe and evaluate his words and actions, as well as the company he keeps. If Mayor Giuliani had kept the Founders' admonition in mind, he would have been able to make a telling and easily provable point. He first would have referred to the following passage in the U.S. Constitution: "Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort." Setting aside the sentence's non-pertinent first clause, Giuliani could have focused on the clause that explains that treason can be identified and punished in individuals or groups found to be "adhering to their [America's] Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort." The specifics that support this charge against President Obama are abundant and have been witnessed by tens of millions of Americans.
It was this tack that I took in June 2014 when writing the essay I have included below. Since that essay's publication, President Obama has continued to adhere to enemies of the United States, and has undeniably given them "Aid and Comfort."
He has released at least nine additional Islamist fighters from Guantanamo Bay and sent them to governments that have a substantial and urgent national security interest in getting those fighters out of their territory as quickly as possible, even if that means allowing them back on the battlefield to kill Americans and others.
He has continued to deliberately lie to Americans by denying that the Islamists are waging a genuine religious war against the United States. By saying publicly that the mujahideen have nothing to with Islam Obama attains a lose-lose result; he reassures the enemy that the leader of the world's greatest military power does not have a clue about the foe his is up against, and he offends the tens of millions of Muslims who believe that the mujahideen have everything to do with protecting Islam. By angering those Muslims the president certainly hardens their support for the Islamists. The only winners from the president's seemingly pathological deceitfulness are several of the Democratic Party's fundamentally anti-American interest groups: the Muslim Brotherhood organization in the United States; the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), and the faculties of Ivy League and other universities that are inexplicably described as elite.
He and his White House staff have leaked plans for a U.S. military orchestrated and supported Iraqi-Kurdish spring offensive against the Islamic State-held city of Mosul, thereby giving the Islamists several months to prepare to defend the city and pin a humiliating defeat on the to-date feckless Iraqi and Kurd military forces. Indeed, the forewarned Islamic State took its first defensive measure today by seizing nearly 100 Assyrian Christians in Syria. Odds are that if Obama launches his offensive against Mosul, the lives — and perhaps the heads — of those Christians will be forfeit.
He today vetoed the Keystone Pipeline Bill which will — as part of his larger campaign to prevent U.S. energy self-sufficiency — keep America closely involved with and protective of the Arab tyrants who rule the oil-rich, Arab Peninsula police states. This will promote additional support, volunteers, and donations for the mujahideen which they will use to wage their religious war against America and those tyrants. (NB: The veto also keeps 40,000-plus unemployed or underemployed Americans from getting the kind of solid, middle-class jobs that Obama deceitfully claims he wants for all citizens. Of course this result does not equate to treason, only to a wicked and savage heartlessness.)
What Obama "loves" — beyond himself — is ultimately an unknowable. What is known and provable is that with his actions President Obama has knowingly aided America's most lethal enemies, and with his words he has comforted that enemy by deliberately misleading Americans about their foe's religiosity, motivation, and size, as well as about the treat it poses. Perhaps a politician — or better yet a prosecutor — more serious and able than Mayor Giuliani ought to give it another shot?
For causing America's Afghan defeat … indict President Obama
Author Michael F. ScheuerPosted on February 24, 2015 March 11, 2020
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Dana Lyn and Kyle Sanna connect the dots between their experience as composers and improvisers in New York City's rich musical community and their deep admiration for traditional Irish music. The duo has collaborated with some of the greatest living interpreters of Irish music, including Martin Hayes and Dennis Cahill, Cillian Vallely, Kevin Burke, and Mick McAuley.
Lyn and Sanna use their music to examine environmental fragility with "The Coral Suite": an evocative sequence of Irish tunes that mirrors the life cycles and natural processes that occur within coral reef ecosystems. With the rich vocabulary of Irish melody, and with light boxes and animated projections featuring Dana Lyn's artwork, Lyn and Sanna create an audiovisual poem for the reef, paying tribute to its miraculous biodiversity while calling attention to the urgent need for its protection.
Click on the image to see and hear music from "The Coral Suite."
New York-based fiddler and composer Dana Lyn has worked and performed with a wide variety of artists such as Tony Award-winning musicians Stew and Heidi Rodewald; Irish poet Louis de Paor; actor-directors Ethan Hawke and Vincent D'Onofrio; performance artist Taylor Mac; avant cellist Hank Roberts; Grammy Award-winning vocalists Loudon Wainwright and Susan McKeown; the late great Scots fiddler Johnny Cunningham; D'Angelo and the Vanguard and the Elysian Fields, among others.
Kyle Sanna has collaborated with and performed alongside many of today's greatest virtuosos (Yo-Yo Ma, Edgar, Meyer, Chris Thile); with some of the greatest living interpreters of Irish music (Seamus Egan, Kevin Burke, Martin Hayes), and with improvisers worldwide. Kyle Sanna has composed and arranged music for orchestra and soloist (for banjo pioneer Béla Fleck and for cellist Jan Vogler), for string quartet (for Swedish mezzo-soprano Anne-Sofie Von Otter and for Irish fiddler Martin Hayes), and for cellist Yo-Yo Ma on two Grammy Award-winning albums: 2010's "Songs of Joy and Peace" and 2016's "Sing Me Home" with the Silk Road Ensemble.


text:
"""
    sphinxcontrib.cf3domain
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    The CFEngine 3 domain.

    :copyright: Copyright 2015 by Jimmy Thrasibule
    :license: BSD, see LICENSE file for details.
"""
import re

from docutils import nodes
from docutils.parsers.rst import directives

from sphinx import addnodes
from sphinx.roles import XRefRole
from sphinx.locale import l_, _
from sphinx.domains import Domain, ObjType
from sphinx.domains.std import Program
from sphinx.directives import ObjectDescription
from sphinx.util.nodes import make_refnode
from sphinx.util.compat import Directive
from sphinx.util.docfields import Field, TypedField, GroupedField

cf3_sig_re = re.compile(
    r'''^(\w+\s+)?          # Type
        (?:([\w-]+):)?      # Namespace
        ([\w\.-]+)\s*       # Identifier
        (?:\((.*)\)|::)?$   # Argument list
    ''',
    re.VERBOSE
)

_SP     = ' '
_CL_MRK = '::'
_FN_SEP = '.'
_NS_SEP = ':'

class CF3Object(ObjectDescription):
    """
    Description of a general CFEngine 3 object.
    """

    doc_field_types = [
        TypedField(
            'parameters',
            label=l_('Parameters'),
            names=('parameter', 'param', 'argument', 'arg'),
            typenames=('paramtype', 'type'),
            typerolename='obj'
        ),
        GroupedField(
            'classes',
            label=l_('Classes'),
            names=('classes', )
        ),
        GroupedField(
            'defined',
            label=l_('Defines'),
            names=('defines', 'sets')
        ),
        Field(
            'type',
            label=l_('Type'),
            names=('type', )
        ),
        Field(
            'returnvalue',
            has_arg=False,
            label=l_('Returns'),
            names=('returns', 'return')
        ),
        Field(
            'returntype',
            has_arg=False,
            label=l_('Return type'),
            names=('rtype', )
        ),
    ]

    def handle_signature(self, sig, signode):
        """
        Transform a CFEngine 3 signature into RST nodes.
        """
        sig_d = {}
        m = cf3_sig_re.match(sig)
        try:
            sig_d['type'], sig_d['ns'], sig_d['id'], sig_d['args'] = m.groups()
        except AttributeError:
            raise ValueError

        sig_d['ns'] = sig_d['ns'] or self.options.get(
            'namespace', self.env.temp_data.get('cf3:namespace')
        )
        fullname = []
        fn_app   = fullname.append
        fn_app(self.objtype + _FN_SEP)
        if self.objtype in ('body', 'bundle'):
            tnode  = addnodes.desc_type('', '')
            tnode += nodes.Text(self.objtype + _SP, self.objtype)

            try:
                sig_d['type'] = sig_d['type'].strip()
                tnode += nodes.Text(sig_d['type'] + _SP, sig_d['type'])
                fn_app(sig_d['type'] + _FN_SEP)
            except AttributeError:
                self.state_machine.reporter.warning(
                    'invalid %s definition: %s' % (self.objtype, sig),
                    line=self.lineno
                )
            signode += tnode

        if sig_d['ns'] and sig_d['ns'] != 'default' \
            and self.env.config.add_module_names:
            signode += addnodes.desc_addname(
                sig_d['ns'], sig_d['ns'] + _NS_SEP
            )
        signode += addnodes.desc_name(sig_d['id'], sig_d['id'])
        fn_app(sig_d['id'])

        signode['namespace'] = sig_d['ns']
        signode['fullname']  = ''.join(fullname)

        if self.objtype == 'class':
            signode += addnodes.desc_name(_CL_MRK, _CL_MRK)
            return ''.join(fullname), sig_d['ns']

        if not sig_d['args'] and self.objtype == 'function':
            signode += addnodes.desc_parameterlist()
            return ''.join(fullname), sig_d['ns']

        if sig_d['args']:
            paramlist = addnodes.desc_parameterlist()
            for arg in sig_d['args'].split(','):
                arg = arg.strip()
                paramlist += addnodes.desc_parameter(arg, arg)
            signode += paramlist

        return ''.join(fullname), sig_d['ns']

    def get_index_text(self, modname, name):
        """
        Return the text for the index entry of the object.
        """
        objtype = self.objtype
        idxname = name[0].split(_FN_SEP)[-1]
        idxtext = []
        idx_app = idxtext.append

        idx_app('%(idxname)s')
        if objtype == 'function':
            idx_app('()')
        if modname == 'default':
            idx_app(' (%(objtype)s)')
        else:
            idx_app(' (%(objtype)s in %(modname)s)')

        return _(''.join(idxtext)) % locals()

    def add_target_and_index(self, name, sig, signode):
        """
        Add cross-reference IDs and entries to self.indexnode, if applicable.
        """
        modname = name[1] or self.options.get(
            'namespace', self.env.temp_data.get('cf3:namespace')
        )
        fullname = (modname and modname + _NS_SEP or '') + name[0]

        if fullname not in self.state.document.ids:
            signode['names'].append(fullname)
            signode['ids'].append(fullname)
            signode['first'] = (not self.names)
            self.state.document.note_explicit_target(signode)

            objects = self.env.domaindata['cf3']['objects']
            if fullname in objects:
                self.state_machine.reporter.warning(
                    'duplicate object description of %s, ' % fullname
                    + 'other instance in '
                    + self.env.doc2path(objects[fullname][0])
                    + ', use :noindex: for one of them',
                    line=self.lineno
                )
            objects[fullname] = (self.env.docname, self.objtype)

        idxtext = self.get_index_text(modname, name)
        if idxtext:
            self.indexnode['entries'].append(
                ('single', idxtext, fullname, '')
            )

class CF3Namespace(Directive):
    has_content = False
    required_arguments = 1
    optional_arguments = 0
    final_argument_whitespace = False
    option_spec = {
        'synopsis': lambda x: x,
        'noindex': directives.flag,
        'deprecated': directives.flag,
    }

    def run(self):
        modname = self.arguments[0].strip()

        env = self.state.document.settings.env
        env.temp_data['cf3:namespace'] = modname

        ret = []
        if 'noindex' in self.options:
            return ret

        env.domaindata['cf3']['namespaces'][modname] = (
            env.docname, self.options.get('synopsis', ''),
            'deprecated' in self.options,
        )
        targetnode = nodes.target(
            '', '', ids=['namespace-' + modname], ismod=True
        )
        self.state.document.note_explicit_target(targetnode)
        ret.append(targetnode)

        indextext = _('%s (namespace)') % modname
        ret.append(
            addnodes.index(entries=[
                ('single', indextext, 'namespace-' + modname, modname)
            ])
        )

        return ret

class CF3XRefRole(XRefRole):
    """
    Cross-referencing role for the CFEngine 3 domain.
    """
    def process_link(self, env, refnode, has_explicit_title, title, target):
        if not has_explicit_title:
            target = target.lstrip('~')
            target = target.lstrip('-')

            if title[0:1] == '~':
                title = title[1:].split(_NS_SEP)[-1]
            elif title[0:1] == '-':
                title = title[1:].split(_SP)[-1]
            elif refnode['reftype'] in ('body', 'bundle'):
                title = refnode['reftype'] + _SP + title

        return title, target

class CF3Domain(Domain):
    """CFEngine 3 policy domain."""
    name = 'cf3'
    label = 'CFEngine 3'

    object_types = {
        'attribute': ObjType(l_('attribute'), 'attr',    'obj'),
        'body':      ObjType(l_('body'),      'body',    'obj'),
        'bundle':    ObjType(l_('bundle'),    'bundle',  'obj'),
        'class':     ObjType(l_('class'),     'class',   'obj'),
        'component': ObjType(l_('component'), 'comp',    'obj'),
        'function':  ObjType(l_('function'),  'func',    'obj'),
        'namespace': ObjType(l_('namespace'), 'ns',      'obj'),
        'promise':   ObjType(l_('promise'),   'promise', 'obj'),
        'variable':  ObjType(l_('variable'),  'var',     'obj'),
    }

    directives = {
        'attribute': CF3Object,
        'body':      CF3Object,
        'bundle':    CF3Object,
        'class':     CF3Object,
        'component': Program,
        'function':  CF3Object,
        'namespace': CF3Namespace,
        'promise':   CF3Object,
        'variable':  CF3Object,
    }

    roles = {
        'attr':      CF3XRefRole(),
        'body':      CF3XRefRole(),
        'bundle':    CF3XRefRole(),
        'class':     CF3XRefRole(),
        'comp':      CF3XRefRole(),
        'func':      CF3XRefRole(fix_parens=False),
        'ns':        CF3XRefRole(),
        'promise':   CF3XRefRole(),
        'var':       CF3XRefRole(),
    }

    initial_data = {
        'objects':    {},
        'namespaces': {},
    }

    def clear_doc(self, docname):
        for fullname, (fn, _) in list(self.data['objects'].items()):
            if fn == docname:
                del self.data['objects'][fullname]
        for ns, (fn, _, _) in list(self.data['namespaces'].items()):
            if fn == docname:
                del self.data['namespaces'][ns]

    def find_obj(self, env, modname, sig, typ):
        if not sig:
            return []

        modname = modname and modname + ':' or ''
        s_type  = sig['type'] and _FN_SEP + sig['type'] or ''
        s_id    = sig['id'] and _FN_SEP + sig['id'] or ''
        prefix  = '%(modname)s%(typ)s' % locals()
        suffix  = '%(s_type)s%(s_id)s' % locals()

        objects = self.data['objects']
        startswith = (o for o in objects if o.startswith(prefix))
        return tuple(
            (m, objects[m]) for m in startswith if m.endswith(suffix)
        )

    def resolve_xref(self, env, fromdocname, builder,
                     typ, target, node, contnode):
        if typ in ('ns', 'obj'):
            try:
                docname, synopsis, deprecated = self.data['namespace'][target]
            except KeyError:
                return None

            title = '%s%s' % ( synopsis, (deprecated and ' (deprecated)' or ''))
            return make_refnode(
                builder, fromdocname, docname, 'namespace-' + target,
                contnode, title
            )

        sig_d = {}
        m = cf3_sig_re.match(target)
        try:
            sig_d['type'], sig_d['ns'], sig_d['id'], sig_d['args'] = m.groups()
        except AttributeError:
            return None

        try:
            sig_d['type'] = sig_d['type'].strip()
        except AttributeError:
            pass
        modname = sig_d['ns'] or node.get('cf3:namespace', 'default')
        matches = self.find_obj(env, modname, sig_d, typ)
        if not matches:
            return None

        if len(matches) > 1:
            env.warn_node(
                'more than one target found for cross-reference '
                '%r: %s'%(target, ', '.join(m[0] for m in matches))
            )
        name, obj = matches[0]
        if obj:
            return make_refnode(
                builder, fromdocname, obj[0], name, contnode, name
            )

    def get_objects(self):
        for ns, info in self.data['namespaces'].items():
            yield (ns, ns, 'namespace', info[0], 'namespace-' + ns, 0)
        for refname, (docname, typ) in self.data['objects'].items():
            yield (refname, refname, typ, docname, refname, 1)

def setup(app):
    app.add_domain(CF3Domain)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: App crash in release build for enabling proguard when using GreenDao I am using GreenDao in my project, when I build the application in release mode then the app crashes. If I disable proguard (minifyEnabled false) in gradle then it's running perfectly. I have used the following rules in proguard.
### greenDAO 3
-keepclassmembers class * extends org.greenrobot.greendao.AbstractDao {
public static java.lang.String TABLENAME;
}
-keep class **$Properties

# If you do not use SQLCipher:
-dontwarn org.greenrobot.greendao.database.**
# If you do not use RxJava:
-dontwarn rx.**

The error log is as follows:
java.lang.RuntimeException: org.greenrobot.greendao.DaoException: Could not init DAOConfig
        at android.app.ActivityThread.performLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3086)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity(ActivityThread.java:3229)
        at android.app.servertransaction.LaunchActivityItem.execute(LaunchActivityItem.java:78)
        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.executeCallbacks(TransactionExecutor.java:108)
        at android.app.servertransaction.TransactionExecutor.execute(TransactionExecutor.java:68)
        at android.app.ActivityThread$H.handleMessage(ActivityThread.java:1926)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:106)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:214)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6981)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:1445)

Do you have any idea why this error occurs? Thanks in advance.

A: Finally, I solved the issue by preserving all of my entity (data) classes.
# Preserve all entity (data) classes
-keep class com.xxx.xxx.entity.* {*;}

A: Try following code snippet
-keepattributes *Annotation*
-keepclassmembers class * {
   @org.greenrobot.eventbus.Subscribe <methods>;
}
-keep enum org.greenrobot.eventbus.ThreadMode { *; }

# Only required if you use AsyncExecutor
-keepclassmembers class * extends
org.greenrobot.eventbus.util.ThrowableFailureEvent {
<init>(java.lang.Throwable);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I'm a jeans and tee shirt kind of gal. Not glamorous. I'm all about comfort.
However, last Friday I attended an event for Surface Officer Spouses (SOS) that required just a bit more dressing up.
So I wore some adorable high heels. What was I thinking? I was thinking they were CUTE! Not how comfortable would I be through the evening. Not a smart move on my part. I'm not the most stable in flats, what made me think I could teeter around in high heels?
So vanity won out and I paid the price.
I spent most of that evening sitting or without those shoes on. And worse yet? The next day my feet and calves hurt.
When am I gonna learn?
Labels: What The Hell Was I Thinking?


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text:
by Joachim Ostermann March 31, 2022
Observing my futile attempts to sell my old bicycle in a desert, a wise old Mongol trader told me that to convince a hesitant customer, one should tell a story about a friend from a foreign country. Make one up, if necessary, he said, but do not talk about yourself: You are not sufficiently interesting. I shall disregard this sage advice, however, because philosophy is an intensely personal pursuit, which is the first thing that scientists must understand about it. Philosophy is not just learned, but it is done. You may have done it already, but I need to convince you to try to do it well, which is why I must speak of my own difficult journey into doing philosophy.
From Science to Philosophy
Do you remember your first physics experiment? I do. It was in the fifth grade. A teacher dropped both a nail and a hammer, after asking us which would drop faster. None of us predicted what actually happened—they fell at the same rate—and I was hooked. I kept being fascinated by physics and its ability to understand fundamental things about the world that seemed hidden in plain sight. Later, as a chemistry student, I studied a lot of quantum mechanics and got deeper and deeper into its mathematics. As I reflected on it, it seemed as if before my inner eye the world of chemicals and their reactions dissolved into pure mathematics. What had happened to material substances? Where was life? The next day, I picked up a few biochemistry textbooks and my PhD would be in biochemistry.
My graduate work took me from biochemistry to cell biology, after which I turned to biomedical research, and then became a Franciscan friar and a priest. "I have set before you life and death, blessings and curses. Choose life so that you may live" (Deut 30:19). But what is life? I ought to know after all this study, yet I could not give a definition. And what about the power to choose? Do we really have it, and if we do, is it what gives human beings their special dignity? These questions now interested me not just as a scientist but also as a student of theology.
Philosophy was not a priority to me, but the importance of theology was obvious. I wanted to understand Scripture and what it meant. Hence, I studied theology. But philosophy, what was this even about? It seemed like a language game where the best move was not to play. What could it accomplish? Modern science has given us a true understanding of the whole cosmos and a broad consensus about the nature of material being. Had it not shown philosophy to be left behind by real knowledge? I wanted to take my scientific knowledge right into theology, without stopping to learn how philosophers had once muddled the clear waters of scientific inquiry.
But, of course, by considering together two different fields of knowledge, by asking questions about the compatibility of faith and science, I had already begun to do philosophy. I was already a member of the motley crew of its practitioners. The question was not whether I would do philosophy. The question was whether I would learn to do it well.
Academic Philosophy
Living in modern academia, you would easily be excused for thinking that the Westphalian Peace principle suffices to let the multiple ways of scholarship coexist: Cuius regio, eius religio. A university has scholars in many disciplines, and groups of scholars with related interests form departments. In each department and its corresponding discipline, rules are established for proper scholarship.
The department's chairperson represents the unity of the department's scholarship and enforces, through no more than gentle prodding, one hopes, the standards of what is considered the right kind of progress. Between departments, there is neither competition nor conflict, as all fish in their own pond. Each field seeks knowledge in its own way. Other than administrative policies, there is little left for the university to act as one about, except maybe to recall from time to time that this was not how it began.
Alas, this abandonment of universitas, a comprehensive united body of knowledge, is unacceptable for those who now again ask the very first questions. You can ask, what is poetry, what is matter, what is joy? But what does it mean to say, "what is?" Foundational questions about being must be asked, for if they are not asked, we can only talk of each science in isolation. Knowledge could not become a synthesis and a comprehensive foundation for the well-lived life. Anybody asking a question that simultaneously engages two distinct fields of knowledge, such as science and theology, must understand that the very act of asking the question is doing philosophy.
Not all scholarship can be productive professionalism. Studying knowledge and being for itself is an activity of leisure, if not the work of dilettantes, court jesters, and gadflies. A true philosopher ought not want to be a professor whose productivity must be measured in publications and graduates. Instead, they should sweep the floors of academia to listen unnoticed during the day and reflect on it in the evening. Philosophy is neither the queen of the sciences nor their handmaiden. By the art of synthesis, it places different kinds of professional knowledge into life's larger context.
Reductionism
If you are a scientist, then you will tend towards reductionism, or reducing complex phenomena to simpler ones that are fully within the grasp of our understanding. What, for example, do you perceive in the beauty of a human face that attracts you? You could study the brain state caused by signs of reproductive fitness in another, and you could explain this brain state through the evolutionary history of the human species. Would this be all of it, or some of it, or none of it?
In my judgment, the correct answer is, "none of it." Beauty is an overarching concept before and beyond the sum of its effects studied in different disciplines. Neuroscience and evolutionary biology explain aspects of the experience subsumed in the perception of beauty. But when we perceive beauty, we recognize something beyond the concrete categories of being. Beauty has something to do with being itself, transcending all categories of being. In exploring this question, we do philosophy.
We will weigh the pros and cons of various arguments, we take a stance, we defend it. Philosophy is more than knowing what is taught in a textbook. Doing philosophy is also learning from the thoughts of others and avoiding the errors already refuted, but philosophy is not a reductionist enterprise. We join in a dialogue, beginning with listening and asking basic questions, but eventually contributing our own insights and looking for their place in the thoughts of others. We see right away that science is intimately intertwined with bigger questions. The way these big questions are discussed lets us place our scientific knowledge into a larger context. This is not to question the results of science or take non-scientific interpretations back into science, but to speak of science and its insights when bigger questions are at stake.
Reductionism comes up not just in discussions about consciousness and the mind. The mind as understood by the human sciences is not reducible to the body as understood by the natural sciences, and this leaves us with what is called the mind-body problem. But accepting the scientific knowledge of the body and then pointing to the immateriality of the mind to argue against reductionism is problematic. The functioning of the embodied human mind is now reduced to a disembodied and abstract mind in a body understood reductively. Such thought just sets up the field for dualist reductionism, with two realms of being, the body and the mind, both reductively abstracted from lived being. Carving out safe spaces within the fundamentally reductionist project of modern science does not suffice. We must do philosophy.
Starting Places
Where do we start doing philosophy? In my own case, it began with trying to understand what makes someone a human person. Is it human DNA? Or consciousness? Or the potential for consciousness encoded in human DNA? It cannot be DNA, though. Cell lines grown in the lab have human DNA, but they are not human persons. And consciousness comes late to human beings and does not last throughout life. Animals have consciousness, and some more than some of us.
In practice, DNA comparison suffices to define biologically human through comparison with the DNA of existing human beings. Normally, DNA comparison suffices to unambiguously assign an individual specimen to a species. My preferred definition for a human person is this: A human person is an unambiguously biologically human being that has its own human future. In an embryo, I can clearly see that it is human and meant for a future which is not the same as the pregnant woman's future. It is meant for a separate lifespan with a separate life story. It is a human being in its own right. In contrast to this, human cell lines also have a future, but it is not a future of their own, as they are mere artifacts.
What I offer here as my definition of human being is not reductionist biology, not an empirically determined essential quality, but interpreting scientific observations or doing philosophy. When I asked myself how Christian philosophers of old attempted to answer what it means to say, "a person," I found a twelfth-century definition by Richard of St. Victor: Intellectualis naturae incommunicabilis existentia (the incommunicable existence of an intellectual nature). This differed from a sixth-century definition given by Boethius: Naturae rationalis individua substantia (the individual substance of a rational nature). In the thirteenth-century, Thomas Aquinas answered: Incommunicabilis subsistentia naturae rationalis (the incommunicable subsistence of a rational nature).
Incommunicabilis was the word that captured my attention. It indicated something about the human being that could never be fully shared, never be fully known to another. We can never know another person completely. Indeed, we do not even know ourselves completely. The encounter with another person is an encounter with the infinite, as our knowledge of another person is finite but never complete, no matter how long we study the other person. I realized that according to Richard of St. Victor's definition, a human being could never be identical with what is scientifically knowable about him or her. In other words, a Star Trek Transporter, which assumes that the whole person can be measured and transmitted as information, will never be possible. Should one be invented, I will know that Richard of St. Victor was wrong, but for now, I find his insight convincing.
At this point, I was caught in the conflict between two different ways of knowing: Knowledge by way of the empirical science of nature, and knowledge by way of understanding of human life and being a person. It seemed as if knowledge came in two entirely different ways that were nevertheless one, but it was impossible to know how. It reminded me of the wave-particle dualism in physics. Maybe the complementarity of scientific and human knowledge, the empirical and the human, was the furthest I could go. But then I discovered the work of Robert Spaemann and his philosophy of the human person. Spaemann himself did not leave us with a philosophy of science, but it seemed to me that there was one implied in his thought about nature and the human person. Most important for me was how he explained that ontology and ethics both originate in the human awareness of being. Not only was ethics, which is the art of living well, now connected with ontology, which grounds knowledge of material being. They also share a starting point: The human being.
Too many think that we can start with atoms or elementary particles, but philosophy cannot presuppose the truth of modern physics. Too much would already be given away to one way of knowing, and one far removed from life. Physics, too, must be questioned. One might expect to find that physics describes reality correctly, or at least approximately correctly, or will do so soon, but the question of its place in the comprehensive knowledge of reality must be asked. And this, of course, is doing philosophy.
Embodied Material Being
The trouble with materialism is that it assumes that we know matter. This is an odd supposition, especially if it means equating matter with physics' knowledge of matter. Inasmuch as we know matter primarily, we know it through the material nature of our living bodies, and this experience is quite different from the knowledge of physics. Indeed, the knowledge of physics fails us when it is most important to us: First, the difference between living and non-living matter, and second, the nature of a living body's mind. A theory of matter that explains nothing of the lived experience of matter or the personal awareness of a material body is really a very strange candidate for a comprehensive worldview.
This takes me to the current state of my philosophical inquiries, which is my interest in the work of Edith Stein. At the beginning of her masterpiece, Finite and Eternal Being, she wrote that this is a book "by a learner for fellow learners." Like all learning, it is work in progress, and philosophy is always meant to be just this. She was a phenomenologist, a student of Edmund Husserl, and the writing style in this philosophical tradition is definitely not for casual reading. It explores ever more minute distinctions in our perceptions of being and beings through a very careful and sometimes creative use of language.
As I can read her in my native German, I find her thought articulated in words and phrases whose place in life is well known to me. I may not understand everything, but I get the big picture that she draws. But translated into English, it feels like a technical treatise by an expert for other experts. I have no doubt that professional philosophers can study her in the excellent English translations that have been prepared. But the vitality of her thought and her closeness to life as an embodied conscious experience of a material world is more easily accessible in her own language.
Much more should be said about Edith Stein and her importance to understand the relationship between faith and science and making sense of material being. My plan is to study more closely how she uses Aristotle's works and how this is different from others who have claimed to have reconciled Aristotle with modern science. What I have found so far suggests to me that her use of phenomenology together with Aristotelianism and medieval scholasticism allows us to speak of the human experience of material being without the reductionist oversimplifications that some modern Aristotelians let creep into their work.
Our philosophical answers even after integrating all the sciences can never grasp the full truth of any real being. Not only a human being, but also other beings, especially living beings but also non-living beings, have at least a small amount of incommunicabilitas. The scientific understanding of material being is never identical with the real being before us. When we accept this, then we can do philosophy, and we can let our knowledge of physics and other modern science of nature help us in making sense of our life without the errors of reductionism.
EDITORIAL NOTE: This article is part of a collaboration with the Society of Catholic Scientists (click here to read about becoming a member).
Featured Image: Bob Sinclair, Anton Brzezinski - Pulp Sci-Fi Painting Original Art (1993); Source Flickr, CC BY-NC 2.0.
Joachim Ostermann
Joachim Ostermann is a Franciscan friar and a priest who entered the Order of Friars Minor in 2007. Prior to this, he earned a Ph.D. in Biochemistry and worked many years in academia and management. His current interests are the Christian faith and modern science in the light of the life of St. Francis of Assisi.
Read more by Joachim Ostermann
The Maurin Mandate: Catholic Communitarianism in a Nutshell
Ants, a Priest-Scientist, and the Catholic Reception of Evolution
December 06, 2021 | Berta M. Moritz
Berta Moritz on the lifework of Fr. Erich Wasmann.


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La Volkswagen Tiguan è un SUV della Volkswagen, prodotto dalla casa automobilistica di Wolfsburg dal 2007. Al Salone di Francoforte del 2015 viene presentata la seconda generazione.

Prima generazione 5N (2007-2016)

Viene costruita sulla base comune a parecchi modelli del gruppo tedesco, come le Volkswagen Golf e Touran, la Audi A3 e la SEAT Altea. Si può scegliere tra quattro allestimenti: "Trend & Fun" (la base), "Sport & Style" (la versione più accessoriata), "Track & Field" (la versione maggiormente improntata per il fuoristrada) e "R LINE" (la versione sportiva).

Il nome della vettura è la fusione tra i nomi Tigre e Iguana, portando a "Tiguan" originato da un sondaggio della rivista tedesca Auto Bild.

Le trazioni disponibili sono la classica trazione anteriore e la trazione integrale, quest' ultima disponibile come optional. Le motorizzazioni benzina disponibili all'esordio sono un motore da 110 kW (150 CV) e 1,4 litri di cilindrata, che eroga una coppia massima di 240 Nm, e un 2.0 da 147 kW (200 CV), con cambio manuale o automatico (Tiptronic 6 rapporti) e una coppia massima di 280 Nm. Il terzo propulsore disponibile è un Diesel da 2.0 l con iniezione common rail, con il filtro antiparticolato di serie e due livelli di potenza: 103 kW (140 CV) e 125 kW (170 CV). La versione da 140 CV è abbinata a un cambio manuale a 6 rapporti o al cambio automatico (DSG 6 rapporti). Gli ultimi motori giunti sul listino sono il 1.4 e il 2.0 TSI Bluemotion Technology, motori "ecologici" a trazione anteriore che grazie alle tecnologie start e stop e al sistema di recupero di energia in frenata ottimizzano le prestazioni e riducono consumi ed emissioni.

Tutti i motori soddisfano la normativa Euro 5 sulle emissioni inquinanti.

Restyling 2011

Nel luglio 2011, la Tiguan è stata sottoposta a un profondo restyling.

Le differenze esterne sono visibili nei fari anteriori meno ampi e dal diverso taglio, paraurti e mascherina sono stati completamente modificati con listelli cromati nella mascherina; anche il paraurti posteriore con un taglio più netto e sportivo, così come le luci posteriori ora a LED e dalla forma a "L" rovesciata simili a quelli della Golf VII sono stati modificati, ma in maniera minore rispetto alle altre componenti della vettura.

Altre innovazioni tecniche sono state fatte nei motori due motori a benzina:
 L'inizio del 2011 ha determinato la fine carriera del 1.4 TSI con 110 kW (150 CV), che è stato sostituito dopo il restyling da un motore di pari cilindrata da 118 kW (160 CV).
 Il 2.0 TSI con 147 kW (200 CV) ha ricevuto un incremento di potenza fino a 155 kW (210 CV) con il restyling, ma con un motore più economo.
 Un anno e mezzo prima del restyling, la piccola versione 2.0 TSI con 125 kW (170 CV) è stata eliminata, succeduta a un motore identico ma con 132 kW (180 CV).

Motorizzazioni

Seconda generazione AD1 (2016-)

Al Salone dell'automobile di Francoforte del 2015 viene presentata la seconda generazione della Tiguan, che rispetto al modello del quale prende il posto è stata completamente progettata da zero, con un profilo generale più sbilanciato con una personalità sportiva.

Il frontale, con le parti cromate che creano un'unica figura da un faro all'altro, è sviluppato tutto in orizzontale. Inoltre il frontale varia a seconda della versione ("stradale" o "off-road"): infatti nella seconda versione l'altezza da terra è aumentata, ci sono più protezioni che consentono un angolo d'attacco di 26,5 gradi rispetto ai 18,3 della prima mentre l'angolo d'uscita è invariato per le due versioni. Nella parte più bassa della griglia anteriore sono racchiusi in una cornice nera i fari fendinebbia e le prese d'aria.

I motori annunciati sono otto (quattro a benzina e quattro a gasolio, tutti turbo) e per quelli a benzina sono: 1.4 TSI da 125 CV e 150 CV, 2.0 TSI da 180 CV e 220 CV. I Diesel invece sono: 1.6 TDI da 115 CV e 2.0 TDI da 150, 190 e 240 CV. Inoltre la nuova Tiguan introduce il 4Motion Active Control, un sistema di trazione integrale permanente che va a regolarsi, nel caso ci si trovi su fondi accidentati con scarsa aderenza, su una delle quattro modalità presenti (Onroad, Snow, Offroad e Offroad Individual, quest'ultimo per avere maggiore controllo della vettura).

L'equipaggiamento dei sistemi elettronici di sicurezza comprende il Front Assist comprendente il City Emergency Braking per la frenata automatica in città, il Lane Assist per monitorare il mantenimento corretto della direzione della corsia di marcia e l'Automatic Post-Collision Braking System che in caso d'incidente continua a frenare dopo la collisione per evitare altri urti. La seconda generazione della Tiguan è in vendita dalla primavera del 2016.

Nel 2016 è stata sottoposta alle prove d'impatto dell'Euro NCAP, ottenendo il risultato di 5 stelle, riconfermando quanto già ottenuto nei test precedenti del 2007 e del 2009.

Tiguan Allspace o Tiguan L
Dal marzo 2017 la Tiguan è disponibile in due varianti di passo: oltre a quella già presente a listino da un anno a interasse corto con cinque posti, è stata introdotta una versione a interasse lungo che può ospitare fino a sette passeggeri su tre file di sedili. Quest'ultima, che ha un passo più lungo di 109 mm e un corpo vettura più lungo di 215 mm, viene venduta come Tiguan Allspace o Tiguan L ed è prodotta in Messico.

Restyling 2020
Il restyling della Tiguan ha esordito il 30 giugno 2020, insieme alle varianti Tiguan R e Tiguan eHybrid. Il restyling porta in dote nuovi fanali anteriori e posteriori, griglia e prese d'aria nel paraurti più larghe, un nuovo cofano e un diverso paraurti posteriore. All'interno è presente un nuovo volante multifunzione, un cruscotto ridisegnato, una inedita plancia che incorpora un nuovo display touchscreen con interfaccia aggiornata.

Tiguan R
Per la prima volta, in concomitanza con il restyling, viene presentata la Tiguan nella variante R, allestimento orientato alle prestazioni e che si posiziona all'apice della gamma motori. La Tiguan R è alimentata da un 4 cilindri in linea turbocompresso da 2,0 litri che eroga 320 CV (235 kW) e 420 Nm, condiviso con la Arteon R e la Golf 8 R. Il motore è abbinato a un sistema di trazione integrale e al cambio automatico doppia frizione DSG. Altri miglioramenti e modifiche della Tiguan R rispetto alle altre versioni riguardano le sospensioni che sono state irrigidite e ribassate, le ruote da 21 pollici, i freni maggiorati e un sistema di scarico della Akrapovič.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Tiguan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Born in Thua Thien, Vietnam/ October 11 1926 / Spiritual Leader Thich Nhat Hanh is a Vietnamese Buddhist Zen Master, poet, scholar and peace activist. During the war in Vietnam, he worked tirelessly for reconcilliation between North and South Vietnam and his courageous efforts moved Martin Luther King to nominate him for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1967. He founded the Order of Interbeing and the Unified Buddhist Church, along with monasteries and spiritual centers in Vietnam, the USA and France. He lives in Plum Village, his meditation center in France, and travels widely, leading retreats on the art of mindful living. His latest book The Art of Communicating was published August 2013. For more information go to www.plumvillage.org Plum Village | Mindfulness Practice Centre in the tradition of Thich Nhat Hanh.


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Andrew Whitaker
CEO - The White Rose Academies Trust
Andrew joined the White Rose Academies Trust in September 2016 as Executive Principal, securing the role of Chief Executive Officer in December 2019. From the outset, his ambitions have been made clear to his staff: ensure that our academies provide high quality education throughout the incredible communities they serve. Andrew is also a member of the Executive Leadership Team for Luminate Education Group, a Fellow of the Institute of School Business Leadership, and acts as a Trustee for the community charity Hamara. In 2018, he was awarded with a Churchill Fellowship which he will use to fund a fact-finding mission and research Charter Schools in America.
Sarah Carrie
Executive Principal
Sarah Carrie's ambition from a young age was to become a professional dancer. She achieved this ambition after training at the highly acclaimed Northern School of Contemporary Dance in Leeds, graduating with a Bachelor of Performing Arts Degree in Dance. During her career as a dancer she was fortunate enough to work with ...
Richard Chattoe
Principal - Leeds City Academy
Prior to commencing his role as Principal at Leeds City Academy in March 2019, Richard worked as Vice Principal at Leeds West Academy, with responsibility for the improvement in the quality of Teaching, Learning and Assessment across the school. Richard was delighted to have played such a significant role in establishing a range of innovative and highly impactful strategies...
Dan Whieldon
Principal - Leeds West Academy
Dan Whieldon began teaching at West Leeds High School in 2002 after a number of years working in television production at ITV in Manchester following his graduation from Staffordshire University in English, Media and Cultural Studies. After working as intervention lead and Head of Media Studies at West Leeds...
Danny Bullock
Principal - Leeds East Academy
After joining the Trust in 2013 as a Computer Science Teacher at Leeds West Academy, Danny soon found himself supporting academy improvements as Assistant Principal. In 2019, Danny moved to Leeds East Academy as Vice Principal...
Principal - Alder Tree Primary
Kate Burton began teaching in Manchester at Old Trafford Primary in 2003 and as her career progressed she moved across to Bradford. She has worked at Bowling Park Primary School since 2008 as an Assistant Head for EYFS, Deputy Head and more recently Head of School...
Rachel Sharples
Rachel Sharples is delighted to join the White Rose Academies Trust as Vice Principal focusing on Academy improvement. Prior to her appointment, Rachel was Assistant Principal with responsibility for driving the quality of Teaching and Learning at Darton Academy, part of the Delta Academies Trust...
Nicola Widnall
Vice Principal - White Rose Academies Trust
Vice Principal - Teaching and Learning Strategic Priority 1 Luminate Education Group
Hailing originally from the Brecon Beacons in South Wales, Nicola Widnall graduated from Leeds University in 2005 with a BA Hons in Spanish Language and Literature. It was during her year studying in Granada in the south of Spain as part of her degree that she realised she wanted to pursue a career in education...
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As we reach the end of the year, I want to thank you for your engagement and enthusiasm for showing our world, one drawing at a time. Thank you also for sharing your ideas, questions, comments, and concerns over this past year. It's truly an honor to serve you, Urban Sketchers, in your 10th year. I look forward to continuing to do so in 2018.
In 2017 we did so many exciting things! Nearly 600 sketchers from 34 countries came together at the 8th Urban Sketchers Symposium in Chicago, USA. The 10x10 courses provided 310 classes in on-location drawing education in 31 cities. Urban Sketchers instructors led 30 workshops around the world. Get involved in our educational mission in 2018 by hosting, leading or attending a 10x10, workshop or Symposium!
The Call for Proposals is now open for the 9th Urban Sketchers Symposium in Porto, Portugal. We are always looking for new and exciting ideas and new instructors to share their talents with our community. There are plenty of tips and guidance available to help you create a successful submission. The Symposium will be held 18-21 July 2018.
I am excited to share that the executive board has added a new member. Joining the board as Events Director is Wiltfried Pathuis of Urban Sketchers Netherlands and Urban Sketchers Groningen. He is a passionate sketcher and full of wonderful ideas! Keep scrolling to see an introduction to Wiltfried here in this issue of Drawing Attention.
Lastly, I'll end with thanks to everyone who participated in the 24hr Sketchwalk on our 10th Anniversary, 11 November 2018. I'd like to recognize the great group of volunteers who managed the Instagram side of the event: Eric Ngan, Minjoo Yoon, Ben Luk, Bindi Nasasira, Christina Wald, Liz, Vargas, and Don Gore, and Brenda Murray and Noga Grosman for their work on event planning. Thank you for your important role in connecting our global community.
Happy sketching, and warmest wishes to you all in the final days of 2017!
Reminder, the call for symposium programming went out on November 15. The deadline is December 15. For more information, click HERE.
Urban Sketchers organizes workshops taught by our top instructors in collaboration with USk chapters around the world. If you would like to bring an official USk workshop to your chapter, start the conversation with our Education Director, Mario Linhares at education@urbansketchers.org.
On November 30th, Omar Jaramillo in Berlin, Don Low in Singapore, Uma Kelkar in San Francisco and Rob Sketcherman in Hong Kong organized iPad Sketchwalks sponsored by Apple. For more information about this exciting event, check the Apple Newsroom.
In celebration of our 10th anniversary in 2017 Urban Sketchers, in partnership with the Tourism Office of Portugal (TP), have organized a sponsored sketching trip called Sketch Tour Portugal.
From Dec 27, 2017 to Jan 2, 2018, USk and the TP will send Ea Ejersbo from Aarhus, Denmark and Portuguese host Ketta Linhares from Lisbon to sketch in Madeira, Portugal.
The sketchers will sketch a minimum of 6 drawings per day. The TP will use sketches made during the trip to promote Portugal in different events such as at fairs, in postcards, on social media, and at exhibitions.
We wish Ea and Ketta happy travels and happy sketching!
Urban Sketchers would like to welcome to the Executive Board Wiltfried Pathuis as Events Director. Wiltfried lives in Veendam, The Netherlands in the province of Groningen.
He is the Regional Administrator of Urban Sketchers Netherlands and also an admin of a local sketch group in Groningen. Wiltfried is a research scientist/innovator at TNO (Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research).
Wiltfried will be responsible for coordinating the planning and execution of the USk Symposium and all major USk events.
Urban Sketchers would like to welcome our new Social Media Coordinator (SMC), Noga Grosman from Orlando, Florida.
Noga is the founder and Admin of USk Orlando and a retired Residential Architecture designer who worked in both Israel and Florida for 30+ years. Noga has non-profit and social media campaign management experience.
Reporting to the USk Communications Director, Noga will lead a team of volunteers responsible to promote the organization, our values, events and programs on USk social media platforms (Twitter, Instagram, Facebook and Flickr).
The world has now seen ten years of urban sketching! Yes, it's been a decade since Gabi Campanario opened up a Flickr account for a myriad of sketchers that would become the touchstone of the worldwide movement. That's a very short time, considering the incredible number of chapters actively sketching around the globe to this date.
Not surprisingly, the Global 24 Hour Sketchwalk on the 11th of November was a tremendous success, with 106 groups - not all official USk chapters yet - registering and a few more unregistered taking part. All chapters were assigned a fixed time slot, during which their sketches and photographs posted in the social media under #USkGlobal24hrSketchwalk, would be reposted on the official USk Instagram account. Hundreds of images of happy sketchers made it online during the 24 hour period, from Auckland, New Zealand to O'ahu, Hawaii, USA. Thousands of sketchers also posted on their own, with individual posts under the official hashtag numbering just short of 3000.
This global event could not have happened with the superb team of volunteers who worked tirelessly from the inception of the sketchwalk, down to its conclusion as the sun set again on the Pacific Ocean. Social Media Managers were assigned different time zones: Eric Ngan reposted from the Oceania and Eastern Asia chapters; Minjoo Yoon gave us sights from Eastern Asia to the Mediterranean east coast; from there to Europe and the British Isles and the whole of Africa, Jeanne Edwards is the one to thank; Bindi Nasasira reposted from Europe and South America while the numerous North American chapters were split by Don Gore and Liz Vargas. Last, but not least, Noga Grosman is to thank as the community's Social Media Coordinator.
Don reports some interesting stats from the USk Instagram account: "Friday jumped to just over 522,000 impressions with Saturday going to over 1,900,000 (yes, that's 1.9 million)", just over 13 times more than the daily average impressions - that is, times that the posts show in the followers feed. While causing a lot of online interest, such intense events often have audience setbacks, as the account lost around 4,000 followers. "Some folks may have been overwhelmed by the number of posts showing up in their feeds in a relatively short amount of time", Don explains, but still concludes that "lots of people viewed, and continue to view what was happening around the world".
"From the emails I'm still receiving now from sketchers who participated, it seems we were all amazed at how we are a part of such a big global community," Bindi concludes. It's a realization that makes us strive for ten more years of happy sketching!
To view sketches on Urban Sketcher's Instagram account, click HERE.
"A Day in the Life of an Urban Sketcher" celebrates the lives of sketchers around the world and how they share work online. This monthly social media event will feature nine sketchers from six continents who will be sharing a day in their life in a USk Instagram and Twitter takeover. The featured sketcher will show their world, one drawing at a time by sharing approximately 6-10 posts on Instagram and Twitter during their day. Watch Drawing Attention and social media for an introduction to each sketcher. Sketches will be archived HERE.
This month Urban Sketcher Bindi Nasasira living in Kigali, Rwanda will share her Day in the Life of an Urban Sketcher on December 3.
Welcome to the Urban Sketchers family!
As an officially recognized Urban Sketchers chapter you may wish to display our official logo. The logo can be adapted to your chapter according to this Logo Design Guide. You are not required to use our logo but if you do use a logo it should be the USk logo and no other.
Are you considering launching a new USk Regional Chapter? Please become familiar with our Regional Chapter Guidelines available in 17 languages.
While Urban Sketchers was launched online 10 years ago as a Flickr account and a blog, did you know that over 70% of USk chapters now use Facebook as their main platform?
go to your Facebook group and look for the wheel/gears icon near the top.
Click on the Set Up Group Address button and enter the vanity URL you want.
Please note that the name can only be changed once.
Born and raised in Portugal, João Catarino teaches drawing and illustration and design in three different art schools – and seems to have been attracted to opposites from an early age. Growing up in a family of scientists whose dinner table conversation often seemed like a foreign tongue to him, Catarino traveled an entirely opposite path, losing himself in long hours of drawing to express his individuality.
Catarino advocates for a direct approach to drawing, emphasizing shapes without any prior contour markings as a means for creating a sense of immediacy. He teaches about observing the space we choose to draw, where errors in proportion and perspective happen easily – even naturally – but at the same time it is in the very plasticity of these distorted forms that we are likely to see and appreciate a greater authenticity.
It's that time of year again… time to find the perfect holiday gift for friends and family. What could be better than a new book about our shared passion, urban sketching!
Here is a list of urban sketching books published this year by our own community members. Many apologies to authors whose work has been missed.
Caderno da América Latina By Eduardo Salavisa. Language: Portuguese and Spanish.
Virginia Hein drew from a wealth of artistic and teaching experience to present her workshop "The Color of Light in an Urban Garden" at the Chicago Symposium this summer. She's a life-long California resident who worked in toy design for many years before becoming a college art and design instructor. Now she is generally busy teaching classes and workshops or out sketching on location. She is currently planning another USk workshop that she'll probably hold first in Los Angeles and then take on the road to San Francisco and Seattle.
It was in 2009, Virginia says, that learning about Urban Sketchers changed her life. At the advice of Gabi Campanario, she rapidly became involved, becoming a correspondent and eventually giving workshops at three symposia to date! Virginia speaks warmly of the many wonderful friends she's made around the world through USk.
Virginia's favorite type of outdoor sketching location is a city garden or park. For the Chicago workshop, for instance, she found her "ideal location": an elegant formal garden framed by massive trees on Michigan Avenue, with the city skyline in the background. The variations of light, color, and distance were perfect for her lessons about monochrome contrast, using warm and cool colors, and being sensitive to the color of atmosphere.
Virginia's main challenge in teaching these exercises was making them accessible for both new and experienced sketchers. She advised participants to work in ways that were comfortable for them and pointed out that productive learning doesn't always result in polished results. The basic ideas of this workshop—working monochrome to warm and cool and then adding a color—constitute a common underlying theme of her teaching.
To read Virginia's Chicago symposium workshop notes, click HERE.
When he started his blog, "Alberti's Window", in 2007, former industrial designer, now high school visual arts teacher and master sketcher José Louro of Lisbon, Portugal had just finished his studies for a Masters Degree in drawing from Lisbon Fine Arts University. "I found that drawing is what makes me happy," José explained. Gabi Campanario found the blog and invited him to join the USk international blog in 2008.
Louro is a minimalist by design. "You can achieve better design through a minimalistic choice of materials and simplicity can emerge from the concept of minimalism…" His drawings express so much with so little; so it's fitting that his workshop, "Draw Less, Show More" at the Chicago Symposium focused on creating the greatest impact through careful elimination and restraint.
"I always try to understand what the other urban sketchers really want to know," so Louro first asks students what their expectations are for the workshop. He uses the student's needs as a guide to what he teaches.
Get to know José a little better by watching this video.
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For João Catarino growing up with friends on the beach, surfing was – and continues to be – a vital influence: The presence of the sea or water in his drawings is a necessity. Perhaps it's not surprising that the focus of his work during his recent adventure, Sketch Tour Portugal (STP) Oct 18-24, was to draw the best beaches and the best surf waves in the country, and to characterize the diversity of that environment.
João, along with California-based urban sketcher Suhita Shirodkar, visited spectacular surfing beaches and surfing events during their packed 6-day STP road trip. The sketching duo focused on the rugged coast north of Portugal, including Ericeira, a surfing reserve and Super Tubos beach in Peniche where they sketched at MEO Rip Curl Portugal, a worldwide surfing competition and the utterly breathtaking Nazaré, home of the largest surfing waves in the world.
William's Chicago workshop covered an approach to urban sketching that's right in his comfort zone: tackling a complex urban scene and breaking it down into textures and shapes. Set up on location in Printer's Row in Chicago, workshop participants were asked to analyze textures and shapes as compositional and graphic elements. Imagine looking at a cityscape, squinting your eyes and telling the story of what's before you in the simplest graphic language. The workshop dove deep into a three-step approach of blocking basic shapes, then adding detail by using geometrical patterns, colors and textures, and finally some basic collage techniques, which always focus on textures and brings the drawing together.
The results of William's workshop process created many happy faces as these once-complex and grand scapes began to come together in people's sketchbooks, and began to tell a rich story of textures and design.
We hope to see William next year in Porto to once again share his passion for capturing complex urban scenes; in the meantime you can see the recap of last year's workshop.
This month Parka video reviews Derwent Graphik Line Painter. Check it out!
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Read the November edition of Drawing Attention.
Thanks to this month's Drawing Attention contributors.