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Home > Research > Toxic Plastics Chemical in Infant Formula
Toxic Plastics Chemical in Infant Formula
August 8 2007. Laboratory tests of canned infant formula conducted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and a certified commercial laboratory reveal that a plastics chemical called bisphenol A (BPA) leaches from metal can linings into formula. According to a new EWG analyses, the amount of BPA ingested by some bottle-fed infants exceeds the doses that caused serious adverse effects in animal studies.
EWG's analyses of BPA levels in ready-to-eat and concentrated formula, paired with government data on infant formula consumption show:
One of every 16 infants fed ready-to-eat canned formula would be exposed to BPA at doses exceeding those that altered testosterone levels, affected neurodevelopment, and caused other permanent harm to male and female reproductive systems.
Infants fed concentrated formula mixed with water would also be exposed to potentially unsafe amounts of BPA, in excess of standard government safety margins. While water added to concentrated formula lowers BPA concentrations in the final mixture, our analyses still show that one of every 16 infants fed concentrated formula would be exposed to BPA at doses within a factor of 2 of harmful doses.
At the highest BPA levels found in formula, 17 parts per billion (ppb), nearly two-thirds of all infants fed ready-to-eat formula would be exposed above doses that proved harmful in animal tests (Figure 1).
These analyses, coupled with exposure estimates in other studies, demonstrate that bottle-fed infants likely face higher BPA exposures than any other segment of the population, and highlight the urgency of setting standards for this chemical to protect babies who are overexposed through canned liquid formula.
Figure 1. BPA has been found in infant formula at levels ranging up to 17 parts per billion, a concentration at which nearly two-thirds of infants would exceed doses shown to harm test animals.
Source: EWG analysis of BPA exposures based on government and commercial lab tests of BPA in formula, and formula consumption rates and body weights measured in government surveys. This graph reflects procedures described in the methodology section of this report, with the exception that exposure estimates for individual infants created in the exposure model were based on incremental, assumed BPA concentrations in formula, and grouped as a function of BPA concentration for purposes of graphical display. Estimated single-day exposures are compared against BPA dose of 2.4 ug/kg body weight / day linked in lab studies to alterations in testosterone levels and referenced as "toxic dose" in figure above (see Section 3 of this report). Note that results shown above will underpredict infants exposed above even lower doses found harmful in animal studies, including a dose of 2.0 ug/kg/day linked to permanent damage of reproductive system from in-utero exposures.
Failures to protect infants from BPA risks. FDA last assessed the safety of BPA in infant formula in 1996, based on tests of 14 infant formula samples (Bailey 1996). Dozens of peer reviewed studies published since that time reveal adverse effects of BPA at exposures dramatically lower than those known at the time to be harmful, and, significantly lower than exposures for infants drinking BPA-contaminated formula.
Yet despite scientists' dramatically altered understanding of low-dose BPA toxicity, FDA has not tested additional samples of infant formula for BPA, and has failed to reassess the safety of BPA-contaminated infant formula since its original assessment 11 years ago. FDA does not require infant formula manufacturers to test their products for BPA.
Instead, in 2006 the federal government launched a BPA health risk assessment under the National Institutes of Health's (NIH's) Center for the Evaluation of Risks to Human Reproduction (CERHR). From the outset the assessment process has been plagued by concerns over scientific credibility and conflicts of interest:
The contractor in charge of the assessment both helped form the panel, which lacks BPA experts, and prepared the initial draft assessment for the panel's review. This contractor was subsequently fired by CERHR over concerns about potential conflicts of interest, but the panel was allowed to continue with its initial membership, working from the draft assessment prepared by the fired contractor.
In external review comments submitted to the panel, BPA experts revealed that the CERHR assessment appears to contain nearly 300 errors of fact and interpretation; is biased, inconsistent, incomplete; and clearly fails to meet the most basic scientific standards. [see EWG's full review]
What could have been the first opportunity in a decade to advance public health protections for this problematic chemical instead ended in CERHR issuing a final assessment on August 8, 2007 that fails to support stronger public health safeguards for bottle-fed infants, pregnant women, and other at-risk populations.
BPA has been detected in thousands of people worldwide, including 93 percent of 2,500 people in the United States. More than 100 peer-reviewed studies have found BPA to be toxic at low doses, some similar to those found in people, yet not a single public health agency has updated safety standards to reflect this low-dose toxicity.
This country's toxics law, the Toxic Substances Control Act, fails to require that chemical companies prove thier products are safe before they are sold, even when these chemicals end up in people's bodies, as is the case for BPA. This law was passed in 1976, and 31 years later is the only major public health and environmental statute in this country that has never been updated. This panel certainly has not done their part to help fill the gaps in this broken system of public health protections.
As a result of these policy gaps, BPA is now one of the most widely used industrial chemicals, is found at unsafe levels in people, is allowed in unlimited quantities in a broad range of consumer products including infant formula, and is entirely without safety standards. BPA provides irrefutable proof that our system of public health protections must be strengthened to protect children and others most vulnerable to chemical harm.
Lab tests of canned food — BPA contamination in more than half of 97 name-brand canned foods: https://www.ewg.org/research/timeline-bpa-invention-phase-out
EWG comments to CERHR summarizing nearly 300 errors of fact and interpretation in BPA assessment identified by BPA experts: https://www.ewg.org/news/testimony-official-correspondence/ewg-letter-cerhr-re-interim-draft-report-bisphenol
BPA in infants and others
BPA is a widespread pollutant in the food supply and in people. Recent research reveals that BPA is a widespread human pollutant, contaminating not only infants through their exposures to BPA-contaminated formula, but also more than 90 percent of thousands of people tested worldwide, from exposures to contaminated canned foods among many other potential sources. As with infant formula, in canned foods such as soups, pasta, and vegetables, BPA leaches from the can liner into the food, and poses particular risks to women of childbearing age and young children.
BPA in food. Environmental Working Group (EWG) conducted independent laboratory tests of 97 cans of name-brand fruit, vegetables, soda, and other commonly eaten canned foods to detect the presence of BPA. EWG tests found that of all foods tested, chicken soup, infant formula, and ravioli had BPA levels of highest concern. Just one to three servings of foods with these concentrations could expose a pregnant woman or child to levels of BPA that caused serious adverse effects in animal tests. In addition, two of six cans of infant formula tested contained quantifiable amounts of BPA; the exposure that an infant might receive from canned formula, given his or her small size and limited food sources, makes the level of contamination in these cans particularly troublesome.
BPA in people. In 2005, researchers from the CDC published results from a study of urine samples from 394 adults; these scientists found BPA in 95% of samples (Calafat et al. 2005). In follow-up testing, CDC tested over 2,500 people for BPA and found detectable levels in 93% of those tested. In general, BPA exposures estimated using this new, larger sample of Americans are higher than previous estimates. Median exposures for all 1,664 adults in this study are 35% higher than that reported from the 394 participants in the earlier survey.
This large study of over 2,500 people reveals that young people are generally exposed to higher levels of BPA than adults; median BPA exposure for 260 children ages 6 to 10 was 5 times higher than for adults (0.176 ug/kg body weight/day vs. 0.035 ug/kg body weight/day). In addition, women had higher exposures than men; women of child- bearing age (18-40) had levels that were 43% higher than those found in men. CDC did not include infants in their study group, a critical gap given that concentrations in infant formula indicate that bottle-fed infants may be one of the most highly exposed populations.
BPA has also been found in umbilical cord blood in several studies, indicating that the placenta doesn't offer protection from exposure to this chemical (Kuroda et al. 2003; Schonfelder et al. 2002; Ikezuki et al. 2002). This is especially concerning, since many BPA studies find that the developing fetus is especially vulnerable to low doses of this chemical. In addition, BPA has also been found in breast milk, also a concern given that BPA has been shown to affect the reproductive system of lab animals in infancy (Kuroto-Niwa et al. 2007; Ye et al. 2006).
Risks at low doses
In animal studies, BPA has been linked to a variety of prevalent diseases, many of which are increasing in the United States and are taking a major toll on our collective health. These include breast and prostate cancer, obesity, and infertility. The United States is noted to have one of the highest incidence rates for breast and prostate cancers in the world; lifetime risk for these cancers has steadily risen over the last two decades and currently stands at 1 in 8 for breast cancer in women and 1 in 6 for prostate cancer in men.
In addition, obesity is also on the rise in the US and is regarded to be an epidemic by public health experts. More couples are also reporting difficulties with infertility, with a recent CDC study finding a 20% increase in the last decade in the number of couples who report having difficulty conceiving.
What is most worrisome about these animal studies is that the doses of BPA that are being used are extremely low and in the range of the levels that have been found in people. In other words, the levels of BPA that are being found in people have been linked in animal studies with serious medical conditions that affect the health and wellbeing of millions.
BPA's toxic effects in lab animals are on the rise and common in people
Many studies confirm BPA's low-dose toxicity across a diverse range of toxic effects
Daily BPA exposure (ug/kg body weight-day)
Toxic effect
0.0001 alterations in cell signalling pathways on the cell surface that control calcium eflux in cells in-vitro study which compared activity of BPA and other hormone disruptors Wozniak 2005
0.025 persistent changes to breast tissue, predisposes cells to hormones and carcinogens fetal exposure, osmotic pumps, changes noted a 6 months of age Munoz-de-Toro 2005
0.025 permanent changes to genital tract fetal exposure, osmotic pumps Markey 2005
0.2 decrease antioxidant enzymes adult exposure, oral Chitra 2003
0.25 altered growth, cell size and lumen formation in mammary epithelium of mouse fetuses. exposure during pregnancy w/osmotic pumps Vandenberg 2007
2 increased prostate weight 30% fetal exposure, oral route Nagel 1997
2 increased aggression at 8 weeks of life fetal exposure, oral route Kawai 2003
2.4 Decreased time from vaginal opening to first estrus, possibly earlier puberty fetal exposure, oral route Howdeshell 1999
2.4 lower bodyweight, increase of anogenital distance in both genders, signs of early puberty and longer estrus. fetal exposure, oral route Honma 2002
2.4 decline in testicular testosterone fetal and neonatal exposure, gavage Akingbemi 2004
2.5 breast cells predisposed to cancer fetal exposure, osmotic pumps Murray 2006
2.5 immune system impacts oral exposure Sawai 2003
10 prostate cells more sensitive to hormones and cancer infant oral exposure, 3 day duration Ho 2006
10 prostate cells more sensitive to hormones and cancer fetal exposure, oral route, short duration Timms 2005
10 insulin resistance develops in 2 days, chronic hyperinsulinemia at day 4 subcutaneous injection, short duration exposure Alonso-Magdalena 2006
10 decreased maternal behaviors fetal and neonatal exposure, oral route Palanza 2002
20 damage to eggs and chromosomes fetal exposure, osmotic pumps Hunt 2003
20 damage to eggs fetal exposure, osmotic pumps Susiajro 2007
20 brain effects - disrupted neocortical development by accelerating neuronal differentiation and migration single injection Nakamura 2006
30 reversed the normal sex differences in brain structure and behavior oral during gestation and lactation Kubo 2001
30 hyperactivity oral Ishido 2004
50 EPA RfD EPA's 'safe exposure level, based on outdated, high dose studies and a 1000-fold margin of safety EPA 1998
BPA concentrations are expressed in parts per billion (ppb) by weight (micrograms of BPA per kilogram of food).
Methodology:
Methods of analysis. We modeled the distribution of BPA exposures among infants who are exclusively bottle-fed, considering two populations: infants fed ready-to-eat formula, and infants fed concentrated formula assumed to be diluted with BPA-free water. We modeled single-day exposures for infants from birth through 4 months of age.
For each infant modeled, BPA exposure was calculated as the product of BPA concentration in formula and the total daily volume of formula consumed for that child, divided by the child's body weight, for final units of micrograms of BPA consumed per kilogram of body weight. The source of data for each of these model parameters is described below.
Daily formula consumption. To represent infants' daily formula consumption we used data from USDA's Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII) on exclusively formula fed children ages 0 to 4 months old. We did not use consumption rates that appeared well outside the typical range represented by the data, including consumption rates for 6 children with daily intake nearly or more than double the median intake of 32 oz/day (>60 oz/day), and 3 children with consumption rates about 70% or less than the median (<90 g/kg bodyweight or < 20 oz/day).
Formula intake, measured in USDA's Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals and used in EWG's BPA exposure assessment
Body weight. For infant body weight in our BPA exposure model we relied on body weights for infants from birth to age 4 months in CDC's National Health and Exposure Survey (NHANES).
Infant body weight, measured in CDC's NHANES and used in EWG's BPA exposure assessment
BPA concentrations in infant formula. In our exposure model we relied on BPA concentrations from two studies, one published by FDA in 1997 (Biles et al. 1997), and one published by EWG in 2007 (EWG 2007). In the model we treated non-detects as 1/2 the level of detection (LOD).
BPA measurements in formula, measured by FDA and EWG and used in EWG's BPA exposure assessment
formula brand
concentration of BPA (ng/g)
Good Start
Good Start soy
Isomil soy
Modeling procedures We created BPA exposure distributions for infants from birth to 4 months of age as the distribution of exposures created by all possible combinations of consumption rates and age- and gender-matched body weights with each of the 20 measured BPA concentrations in the 2 test programs included in our analysis.
The distribution of BPA exposures for infants fed ready-to-eat formula were based on the BPA measurements reported by FDA and EWG, while BPA exposures for infants fed concentrated formula were based on reported BPA measurements divided by 2 to represent water dilution (caregivers typically dilute formula concentrate with an equal volume of water prior to feeding).
Figure 2. Model results show significant numbers of bottle-fed infants exposed to BPA at levels near or above those that harm lab animals.
Bailey A B., Ph. D., Chemistry Review, FDA (1996). Cumulative Exposure Estimated for Bisphenol A (BPA), Individually for Adults and Infants from Its Use in Epoxy-Based Can Coatings and Polycarbonate (PC) Articles Branch, HFS-245. P. D. G. Diachenki, Division of Product Manufacture and Use, HGS-245.
Biles, J. E., McNeal, T. P. and Begley, T. H. Determination of bisphenol A migrating from epoxy can coatings to infant formula liquid concentrates. J Agric Food Chem 1997; 45: 4697-4700.
Calafat AM, Kuklenyik Z, Reidy JA, Caudill SP, Ekong J, Needham LL. 2005. Urinary concentrations of bisphenol A and 4-nonylphenol in a human reference population. Environmental Health Perspectives 113(4): 391-5.
CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 2005. National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, Centers for Disease Control. http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/.
EWG (Environmental Working Group) 2007. Bisphenol A: Toxic Plastics Chemical in Canned Food. Available online at https://www.ewg.org/node/16354.
FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) 1996. Cumulative exposure estimated for bisphenol A (BPA), individually for adults and infants from its use in epoxy-based can coatings and polycarbonate (PC) articles, verbal request of 10-23-95, memorandum to G. Diachenki, Ph.D., Division of Product Manufacture and Use, HGS-245, from Allan B. Bailey, Ph.D., Chemistry Review Branch, HFS-245.
Ikezuki Y, Tsutsumi O, Takai Y, Kamei Y, Taketani Y. 2002. Determination of bisphenol A concentrations in human biological fluids reveals significant early prenatal exposure. Human Reproduction 17(11):2839-41.
Kuroto-Niwa R, Tateoka Y, Usuki Y, Nozowa R. 2007. Measurement of bisphneol A in human colostrum. Chemosphere 66(6): 1160-4.
Kuroda N, Kinoshita Y, Sun Y, Wada M, Kishikawa N, Nakashima K, Makino T, Nakazawa H. 2003. Measurement of bisphenol A in human blood serum and ascitic fluid by HPLC using a fluorescent labeling reagent. J Pharm Biomed Anal 30(6): 1743-9.
Schonfelder G, Wittfoht W, Hopp H, Talsness CE, Paul M. Chahoud I. 2002. Parent bisphenol A accumulation in the human maternal-fetal-placental unit. Environmental Health Perspectives 110(11):A703-7.
USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture) (1996). Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals (CSFII), 1994-1996.
Ye X, Kuklenyik Z, Needham LL, Calafat AM. 2006. Measuring environmental phenols and chlorinated organic chemicals in breast milk using automated on-line column-switching-high-performance liquid chromatography-isotope diution tandem amss spectrometry. J Chromatorgraphy. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences 831(1-2): 110-5.
Key Issues:
BPA and Alternatives
Article: EWG News Roundup (1/15): Follain Commits To Support Black-Owned Brands, Trump EPA Announces 11th-Hour Toxic Rollbacks and More
News Release: Still Trashing the Place on the Way Out, Trump EPA Will Scrap Plans To Ban Some Uses of Three Dangerous Chemicals
News Release: Toyota to Pay $180 Million for 'Systemic, Longstanding' Emissions Violations of Clean Air Act
News Release: In Another 11th-Hour Rollback, Trump EPA Weakens 'Forever Chemical' Protections
EWG'S Skin Deep Database
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text:
Q: Run into a 500 internal server error when loading css and js in express I'm new to NodeJS,tring to replicate the program on the book.
View engine is jade,and I'm using Bootstrap.The static path is right,I think.
app.use(express.static(__dirname+'/public'));

but when I console it,it shows this,
C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\express\microblog/public

the problem only shows when I try to visit the page in broswer,not immediately after I actived the server,and the error code is 500, like below,
Cannot read property 'lazyrouter' of undefined

TypeError: Cannot read property 'lazyrouter' of undefined
    at route (C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\express\microblog\node_modules\express\lib\application.js:254:7)
    at Layer.handle [as handle_request] (C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\express\microblog\node_modules\express\lib\router\layer.js:95:5)
    at trim_prefix (C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\express\microblog\node_modules\express\lib\router\index.js:312:13)
    at C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\express\microblog\node_modules\express\lib\router\index.js:280:7
    at Function.process_params (C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\express\microblog\node_modules\express\lib\router\index.js:330:12)
    at next (C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\express\microblog\node_modules\express\lib\router\index.js:271:10)
    at C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\express\microblog\node_modules\express-session\index.js:489:7
    at C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\express\microblog\node_modules\connect-mongo\lib\connect-mongo.js:306:11
    at handleCallback (C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\express\microblog\node_modules\mongodb\lib\utils.js:96:12)
    at C:\Users\Dell\Desktop\express\microblog\node_modules\mongodb\lib\collection.js:1335:5

but actually the layout.jade is correctly rendered,only the block content area shows the error.
app.js below
var settings=require('./settings');
var express = require('express');
var path = require('path');
var favicon = require('serve-favicon');
var logger = require('morgan');
var cookieParser = require('cookie-parser');
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
var session=require('express-session');
var MongoStore=require('connect-mongo')(session);

var User=require('./models/user');
var crypto=require('crypto');

var index = require('./routes/index');
var users = require('./routes/users');
var post = require('./routes/post');
var reg = require('./routes/reg');
var login = require('./routes/login');
var logout = require('./routes/logout');

var app = express();

// view engine setup
app.set('views', path.join(__dirname, 'views'));
app.set('view engine', 'jade');

// uncomment after placing your favicon in /public
//app.use(favicon(path.join(__dirname, 'public', 'favicon.ico')));
app.use(logger('dev'));
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
app.use(cookieParser());
app.use(session({
    secret: settings.cookieSecret,
    resave: false,
    saveUninitialized: true,
    store: new MongoStore({
        db:settings.db
    })
}));
app.use(app.route);
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname,'/public')));
console.log(__dirname+'/public');

app.use('/', index);
app.use('/users', users);
app.use('/post', post);
app.use('/reg', reg);
app.use('/login', login);
app.use('/logout', logout);

// catch 404 and forward to error handler
app.use(function(req, res, next) {
  var err = new Error('Not Found');
  err.status = 404;
  next(err);
});

// error handler
app.use(function(err, req, res, next) {
  // set locals, only providing error in development
  res.locals.message = err.message;
  res.locals.error = req.app.get('env') === 'development' ? err : {};

  // render the error page
  res.status(err.status || 500);
  res.render('error');
});

app.use(function (req,res,next) {
    res.locals.user=req.session.user;

    var err=req.flash('error');
    var success=req.flash('success');

    res.locals.err=err.length?err:null;
    res.locals.success=success.length?success:null;

    next();
})

module.exports = app;

`
below is the link part of layout.jade
link(type='text/css',rel='stylesheet', href='/stylesheets/bootstrap.css')
link(type='text/css',rel='stylesheet', href='/stylesheets/bootstrap-responsive.css')
script(src="/javascripts/jquery.js")
script(src="/javascripts/bootstrap.js")

A: The problem is on paths. On Windows, paths are constructed with backslashes instead of forward slashes.
try changing this code
app.use(express.static(__dirname+'/public'));

to this
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));

using path.join(__dirname, 'public') will handle the slash or backslash for you.
Heres more reference for you. https://gist.github.com/domenic/2790533
Hope it helps.

A: As the following code '/sample' refer the whole path to sample folder.(In app.js)
app.use('/sample',express.static(__dirname + '/public/sample'));

Then you can link your file as below, (In view file)
<script src="/sample/sample.js"></script>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


If you plan on selling, distributing, manufacturing, or sourcing your products abroad, you should consider registering or filing your patents and trademarks with each country's intellectual property (IP) authority. Many countries extend copyright protection automatically to creative works but there may also be advantages to registering your copyright in certain markets. Finally, there is no registration process for protecting your trade secrets. Information on filing for patents and contact information for authorities around the world can be found at the World Intellectual Property Organization.
The U.S. Department of Commerce has worked with the U.S. embassies in a number of countries to develop "IPR toolkits," which provide a wealth of detailed information on how to protect and enforce your IP rights in those specific markets. IPR toolkits for additional countries are posted periodically. In addition, the IP Attaché program works to improve intellectual property systems internationally for the benefit of U.S. stakeholders. IP Attachés are posted at U.S. missions around the world to address intellectual property issues arising in their assigned regions. Find an Attaché in your region.
If a business is interested in seeking patent protection in many countries, it may be beneficial to consider the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), an international filing mechanism that permits an applicant to file a single patent application that can be transmitted to some or all of the 146 different member countries (as of Feb. 2013). The right holder must simply request examination in each individual country under the PCT in order to be evaluated for a patent in that country (with limited exceptions).
Also, if a business is interested in seeking trademark protection in a number of countries, it may be beneficial to consider filing an application under the Madrid Protocol, which offers one-stop-shopping for seeking trademark protection in one or more of the 88 countries that are signatories to the Protocol (as of Feb. 2013).
Will I be conducting business outside the U.S.?
Do I think I will ever export my product overseas?
Do I think I will ever manufacture my product overseas?
Can I afford international IP protection? If so, in what markets would my product most likely be commercially sold?
What forms of IP are available to me?
What is the likelihood of my product being copied abroad?
It is important for businesses to keep in mind that certain actions may bar certain types of protection, so the earlier a business considers IP protection, the better. Patents generally must be secured prior to entering a market or the patent seeker can lose the option of getting a patent.


Looking for me? I'm at the Mama's Comfort Camp.
This is just to say I cannot release the words that are trapped in my head and which you were probably eager to read Forgive me I am too tired must sleep right now (The above is my spin on the William Carlos Williams poem "This is just to say" which can be found below….


text:
July 11, 2009: See The Revolution!
Revolution! is currently on the boat, heading towards our warehouse, where we expect to turn it around to land on shelves in August. But there are copies out there, being played by MIBs at various times.
One such MIB is Bob Hood, who is running the game at LibertyCon (hey, that's where SJ is!). In fact, he may be running it right now! Go, if you're attending, and find him. (He may also be running The Stars Are Right, so be prepared.)
Next week, Sean Ferris will be running a session or two at The Only Game In Town (Somerville, NJ) on Thursday. If you're free around 6:30pm, head over and play.
And finally, next weekend, Phil and Randy will be attending the Dallas Games Marathon in Dallas (of course).
More events will be announced at our new MIB Demo Forum. That's where our MIBs will be announcing pretty much any demo, event, or tournament they've got planned. Check it often, especially during the summer months, for what our volunteers are up to.
Oh, and two reviews of Revolution! have shown up on our forums too! Take a look at the board titled, appropriately enough, "Game Reviews."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Next-generation wireless networks will enhance services in smart cities and public safety.
5G is coming very soon. The fifth generation of cellular technology promises to deliver speeds 10 times faster than 4G LTE wireless networks and cut latency to milliseconds. Not only will speeds be fast but network delays are expected to be extremely few, which should be a boon for city, county and state governments that want to use 5G to power Internet of Things sensors.
5G is expected to enhance mobility services in smart cities and for public safety agencies. "The capacity, speed and latency of 5G service makes it perfect for IoT and smart cities solutions, making objects like light poles, pavement and traffic signals smarter," Sean Harrington, Verizon's vice president for city solutions, tells StateTech.
In addition to enabling new applications for smart cities, 5G is also expected to enable a wide range of benefits for first responders, including real-time analytics of video surveillance, vehicle-to-vehicle communications, traffic management and other public safety functions.
MORE FROM STATETECH: Find out how 5G network slicing technology can benefit public safety.
What Is the State of 5G Network Rollout Plans?
Meanwhile, AT&T currently has select parts of 12 markets deployed with 39-gigahertz millimeter wave 5G mobile service, including Atlanta; Charlotte, N.C.; Dallas; Houston; Indianapolis; Jacksonville, Fla.; Louisville, Ken.; Oklahoma City, Okla.; New Orleans; Raleigh, N.C.; San Antonio; and Waco, Texas. The carrier also plans to launch the service in Chicago and Minneapolis.
Meanwhile, Sprint, which is trying to merge with T-Mobile, plans to launch standards-based commercial 5G in four cities in May — Chicago, Atlanta, Dallas and Kansas City, Mo. — and in five other cities before the end of June: Houston, Los Angeles, New York City, Phoenix and Washington, D.C.
T-Mobile plans to launch devices that can take advantage of the 600MHz wireless spectrum for 5G in the second half of the year. That spectrum has strong propagation characteristics, meaning it can travel far and penetrate buildings well.
5G enables quick sharing of rich data and information into the field while boosting connectivity. Governments anticipate a slew of new mobile and stationary networking devices as 5G rolls out across U.S. cities and states.
MORE FROM STATETECH: Discover the operational benefits of cutting-edge public safety tech.
How Will 5G Help Smart Cities and Public Safety?
City departments can also leverage 5G to stream live video wirelessly from HD cameras positioned on streetlights at intersections. "This raw video can then be processed with specialized video analytics in the multi-access edge compute to help detect, classify and track cars, bicyclists and pedestrians as they pass through the intersection, allowing for further improvement in congestion management and increased pedestrian safety," Harrington says.
State and local government IT leaders should discuss with their wireless carrier and vendor partners their needs and what they would want to use 5G for as they craft their future network plans.
Not a lot of 5G network coverage live now. But as 2019 rolls on and 2020 comes into view, state and local agencies can begin to take advantage of these next-generation networks.
This article is part of StateTech's CITizen blog series. Please join the discussion on Twitter by using the #StateLocalIT hashtag.


Former NASCAR driver Greg Biffle took the stand Monday in the civil case filed against him.
Biffle's ex-wife and her mother are suing him. They claim Biffle had hidden cameras installed in bedrooms and bathrooms, recorded them and showed that video to other people.
The man who installed many of the cameras also took the stand.
Biffle testified briefly before court went into recess. Questioning will pick up Tuesday morning.
I guess I can see placing cameras in every room for security, but not in bathrooms. Security experts may argue that point.
Whether he let others view said videos will come down to whether the jury believes him or them.
Why was the mother in law there? They want to live the rich life again. They need money. A typical plot in soap operas.
Been watching DOOL for 10 years. "That's Sammy's baby"!
UPDATE 8-13-2013: Jurors reached a verdict Monday in the civil court case involving former NASCAR driver Greg Biffle.
The jury found Biffle did "intrude offensively upon the privacy" of his ex-wife.
Jurors awarded $1 in damages Monday. The plaintiff was seeking $9 million.
Jurors were also asked to decide if the cameras caused emotional distress. They answered "no."
Both sides claimed victory after the ruling.
"What the jury said sends a loud message that they don't believe there was wrong doing," Biffle said.
The attorney for his ex-wife said it proves Biffle was in the wrong.
A hearing to consider punitive damages is scheduled for next Monday.
UPDATE 8-3-2018: Former NASCAR Cup series driver Greg Biffle is defending himself in court this week over claims by his ex-wife that he secretly videotaped her and her mother in their bedrooms at the couple's $2.7 million mansion on Lake Norman in Mooresville, North Carolina.
Original post: 7-31-2018: Former NASCAR driver Greg Biffle took the stand Monday in the civil case filed against him.
I like the verdict and $1.00 award. Biff's mother in law just wanted her some Xanax! Oh, and a couple million.
CHARLOTTE, N.C. - A jury awarded Greg Biffle's ex-wife Nicole $500,000 in punitive damages following a hearing Monday afternoon. The hearing was to determine if the cameras were installed with malice, reckless, or willful and wanton misconduct.
But, a source told Channel 9 a cap will reduce this amount to $250,000.
Last week, a jury found Biffle did "intrude offensively upon the privacy" of his ex-wife and awarded her $1.
Biffle's ex-wife Nicole and her mother sued him, claiming Biffle had hidden cameras installed in bedrooms and bathrooms, recorded them and showed that video to other people.
There were 12 days of testimony in the case including expert witnesses discussing the cameras.
Biffle took the stand in court and denied doing anything inappropriate. He said that his wife had known the cameras were there.
Jurors awarded $1 in damages. The plaintiff was seeking $9 million.
"What the jury said sends a loud message that they don't believe there was wrongdoing," Biffle said.


1. ) a statistical technique of taking a figure covering a period of less than one year and extrapolating it to cover a full one year period. The process is known as annualizing. Inflation and interest rates are generally annualized since it is on this basis that these two variables are ordinarily stated and compared.


text:
Q: Check if duplicate list within list - python gives unhasable error I'm making a snake game, and for my collision detection, I have an if statement checking if the list of lists that contains coordinates of each square contains identical coordinates. If it finds a duplicate, the snake has overlapped itself.
The way I tried to check this is with the following:
if len(test_data) >= 2:
            print('snake is',len(test_data))
            if len(test_data) != len(set(test_data)):
                print('within oneself')

I get the following:
[[300, 120], [300, 100], [300, 80], [300, 60], [300, 40], [300, 60], [300, 80], [300, 100], [300, 120], [300, 140]]

---
if len(test_data) != len(set(test_data)):
TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'

I've seen this work with ordinary values in a list however, my game uses lists. Furthermore, if this works with tuples, I can't convert to tuples in a list as my whole program is centered around the list in lists. I've seen some solutions like using in but I don't understand that in python yet. Any help would be appreciated.
if len(test_data) >= 2:
            no_head = test_data
            no_head.pop(length-1)
            n=0
            for x in range(len(no_head)):
                if test_data[length-1] == no_head[n]:
                    print('within oneself')
                else:
                    pass
                n += 1

this is another way I did it, where it checks if the head of the snake (last item in the list) is equal to an item of the list, then it cycles through the list checking. but it didn't work

A: I think the itertool solution is good.
But, even if you do not want to use tuples, may be you could just use them in the 'set()' method ?
Something like this :
if len(test_data) != len(set(map(lambda x : tuple(x), test_data))):

I did some small test and it seems to work.

A: Like a comment said, sets need hashable values. Similar questions asked here, probably where you got the code in the first place.
Either

*

*Program a new way to check for duplicates. ( Time needed will rise exponentially, O(n^2), bad way.

*Make your Coordinate Lists (i.e. [4,5] etc.) to tuples. Use (4,5) instead of [4,5]. And use your method.

*Check for duplicates the moment you input an item, and check with methods like List.indexOf().

A: import library itertools from python to remove dublicate:
import itertools
if len(test_data) >= 2:
            print('snake is',len(test_data))
             test_data.sort()
             filter_data = [li for li,_ in itertools.groupby(test_data)]
            if len(test_data) != len(filter_data):
                print('within oneself')

this will do your work


PLoS One. 2018 Jul 19;13(7):e0199715. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199715. eCollection 2018.
Park CK1,2, Malinowski DP3, Cho NH1.
Department of Pathology, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
Women's Health and Cancer, BD Life Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
This study was conducted to develop a novel algorithm for determining the origin of tumors by combining analysis of cluster patterns with immunocytochemistry (ICC) for markers in cells from fine-needle aspirates of ascites. We used LBC, based on SurePathTM (BD Diagnostics) technology, to screen 96 peritoneal fluid samples from patients with known malignancies and from 10 control patients with cirrhosis. Following dual ICC staining for cytokeratin 7 (CK7) and paired box gene 8 (PAX8), we developed an algorithm using immunoreactivity and three-dimensional (3D) cluster patterns to correlate staining and 3D cluster patterns with common primary origins that included stomach, ovarian, pancreatobiliary tract, colon, lung, and breast cancers. With the application of an automatic digitalized image analyzer, competence performance was analyzed using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. CK7 and PAX8 staining and 3D cluster patterns were used to differentiate primary origins. Samples from patients with stomach cancer were no 3D cluster /CK7+/PAX8- with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8699 in ROC curve analysis. Samples from ovarian cancer patients were large 3D cluster/CK7+/PAX8+ with AUC of 0.9812. Samples from pancreatobiliary tract cancer patients were small 3D cluster/CK7+/PAX8- with AUC of 0.8772. The remaining cancer samples, including breast, lung and colon cancer samples, had similar patterns of large 3D clusters/CK7+/PAX8- with AUC of 0.882, especially for lung cancer. SurePathTM technology, using 3D cluster patterns and dual ICC for CK7 and PAX8 in peritoneal fluid samples, can provide important information for determining specific primary origins in cases of unknown primary carcinoma.
Representative cytology presentations of metastatic carcinoma.
(A) stomach, (B) lung, (C) pancreatobiliary tract, (D) breast, (E) ovary and (F) colon cancer.
Optimizing the order of dual immunocytochemistry for CK7 and PAX8.
When the antibody that is used first affects the overall manifestation because the first applied color becomes weak or even completely lost following staining with the second color. (A and B) Nuclear staining, using PAX8-specific antibody with DAB, was performed first followed by cytoplasmic or membranous staining using CK7-specific antibody with Fast Red. (C and D) CK7 staining was performed first followed by PAX8 staining. The initially applied CK7 red color becomes completely lost following DAB staining in the same case as in A and B.
Typical immunocytochemistry patterns of cluster in peritoneal suspensions using LBC.
(A) Two-dimensional sheet with a dual-negative (CK7-/PAX8-) pattern represents mesothelial cells. (B) Three-dimensional large clusters with dual staining for nuclear PAX8 and cytoplasmic CK7. (C) Three-dimensional large clusters with staining for cytoplasmic CK7, but no nuclear PAX8 staining. (D) Two-dimensional sheet with staining for CK7 indicates that the cells are not mesothelial cells.
Typical immunocytochemistry patterns based on primary origins.
Three parameters, three-dimensional (3D) clusters and dual staining for CK7 and PAX8, can identify the primary origin. Each panel represents different patterns of dual staining. (A) Stomach cancer: most cells are scattered and show CK7+/PAX8- immunoprofile. (B) Gastrointestinal tract, including stomach and pancreatobiliary tract cancer: mostly small 3D cluster with scattered cells are CK7+/PAX8-. (C and D) Female genital tract, including ovarian cancer: large 3D cluster with scattered cells are CK7+/PAX8+. There is positive staining for nuclear PAX8-DAB in the cell with the large cytoplasm.
Automatic digitalized interpretation of dual immunocytochemistry.
In peritoneal aspirates from patients with ovarian cancer, the suspended cells were very heterogeneous: a mixed population of mesothelial cells and malignant tumor cells. Except for 265 mesothelial cells with dual negative staining (CK7-/PAX8-), all cells were compatible with malignant cells. Approximately 30% of the cells had the typical dual staining (CK7+/PAX8+) pattern.
In most cases of ovarian cancer, cells with the typical dual staining (CK7+/PAX8+) pattern represented over 90% of the cell population.
Estimated ROC curve analysis using the three parameters to predict primary origin.
(A) In stomach cancer, AUC was 0.8699. (B) In ovarian cancer, the AUC was 0.9812. (C) In lung cancer, the AUC was 0.882. (D) In pancreatobiliary tract cancer, the AUC was 0.8772.
Diagnostic decision tree for peritoneal fluid cytology utilizing cellular cluster and immunocytochemistry patterns to identify primary cancers which have metastatized to peritoneal fluids.


text:
President of France
Co-Prince of Andorra
Serving with Joan Enric Vives Sicília
Antoni Martí
Gilbert Saboya Sunyé (Acting)
Sylvie Hubac
Thierry Lataste
President of the Corrèze General Council
20 March 2008 – 15 May 2012
Jean-Pierre Dupont
Gérard Bonnet
First Secretary of the Socialist Party
Mayor of Tulle
17 March 2001 – 17 March 2008
Raymond-Max Aubert
Bernard Combes
Member of the National Assembly
for Corrèze's 1st Constituency
12 June 1997 – 15 May 2012
for France
20 July 1999 – 17 December 1999
Anne Ferreira
François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande
12 August 1954 (age 61)
Ségolène Royal (1978–2007)
Valérie Trierweiler (2007–14)
Élysée Palace
Pantheon-Assas University
École nationale d'administration
François Gérard Georges Nicolas Hollande born 2 August 1954) is a French politician who has been the President of France since 2012. François Hollande was previously the First Secretary of the French Socialist Party from 1997 to 2008, the Mayor of Tulle from 2001 to 2008 and the President of the Corrèze General Council from 2008 to 2012. He also served in the National Assembly twice as the Member for Corrèze's 1st Constituency from 1988 to 1993 and again from 1997 to 2012.
François Hollande was born in Rouen, to a middle-class family. His mother, Nicole Frédérique Marguerite Tribert (1927–2009), was a social worker, and his father, Georges Gustave Hollande, an ear, nose, and throat doctor who "had once run on a far right ticket in local politics." François Hollande was raised Catholic, but became an agnostic in later life, and now considers himself as an atheist (In December 2011, François Hollande told the French Christian magazine La Vie that he respects all religious practices but has none of his own). The family moved to Neuilly-sur-Seine, a highly exclusive suburb of Paris, when François Hollande was thirteen
He attended Saint-Jean-Baptiste-de-la-Salle boarding school, a private Catholic school in Rouen, the Lycée Pasteur, in Neuilly-sur-Seine, then graduated with a bachelor degree in law from Panthéon-Assas University. Then he studied atHEC Paris where he graduated in 1975, before attending the Institut d'études politiques de Paris and the École nationale d'administration. He graduated from ENA in 1980 and chose to enter the prestigious Cour des comptes. He lived in the United States in the summer of 1974 while he was a university student. Immediately after graduating, he was employed as a councillor in the Court of Audit.
Five years after volunteering as a student to work for François Mitterrand's ultimately unsuccessful campaign in the1974 presidential election, François Hollande joined the Socialist Party. He was quickly spotted by Jacques Attali, a senior adviser to Mitterrand, who arranged for François Hollande to stand for election to the French National Assembly in 1981 in Corrèze against future President Jacques Chirac, who was then the Leader of the Rally for the Republic, a Neo-Gaullistparty. François Hollande lost to Chirac in the first round.
He went on to become a special advisor to newly elected President Mitterrand, before serving as a staffer for Max Gallo, the government's spokesman. After becoming a municipal councillor for Ussel in 1983, he contested Corrèze for a second time in 1988, this time being elected to the National Assembly. François Hollande lost his bid for re-election to the National Assembly in the so-called "blue wave" of the 1993 election, described as such due to the number of seats gained by the Right at the expense of the Socialist Party.
For over thirty years, his partner was fellow Socialist politician Ségolène Royal, with whom he has four children: Thomas (1984), Clémence (1985), Julien (1987) and Flora (1992). In June 2007, just a month after Royal's defeat in the French presidential election of 2007, the couple announced that they were separating.
A few months after his split from Ségolène Royal was announced, a French website published details of a relationship between François Hollande and French journalistValérie Trierweiler. In November 2007, Trierweiler confirmed and openly discussed her relationship with François Hollande in an interview with the French weekly Télé 7 Jours. She remained a reporter for the magazine Paris Match, but ceased work on political stories. Trierweiler moved into the Élysée Palace with François Hollande when he became president and started to accompany him on official travel.
On 25 January 2014, François Hollande officially announced his separation from Valérie Trierweiler after the tabloid magazine Closer revealed his affair with actress Julie Gayet. In September 2014 Trierweiler published a book about her time with François Hollande titled Merci pour ce moment (Thank You for This Moment). The memoir claimed the president presented himself as disliking the rich, but in reality disliked the poor. The claim brought an angry reaction and rejection from François Hollande, who said he had spent his life dedicated to the under-privileged.
François Hollande was elected President of France on 6 May 2012. He was inaugurated on 15 May, and shortly afterwards appointed Jean-Marc Ayrault to be his Prime Minister. He also appointed Benoît Puga to be the military's chief of staff,Pierre-René Lemas as his general secretary and Pierre Besnard as his Head of Cabinet. On his first official visit to a foreign country in his capacity as president of France, the airplane transporting him was hit by lightning. The plane returned safely to Paris where he took another flight to Germany. The first measures he took were to lower the income of the president, the prime minister, and other members of the government by 30%, and to make them sign a "code of ethics".
Tags: François Hollande, President of France
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The Inner Asian and Uralic National Resource Center at Indiana University offers a variety of services and resources to support the internationalization of K-12 curricula, particularly through the incorporation of content about Central Eurasia. Whether you are looking for an engaging presentation on the history of the Silk Road or professional development opportunities, the Center and its partners have you covered with a variety of free opportunities. The Center and its staff have a long history working with schools in Indiana, across the United States, and throughout the world.
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CINCINNATI — FirstLight Home Care, a leading provider of non-medical home care, has released its annual client satisfaction survey results for 2018. The report found that the company's national network of franchise locations earned an exceptional score in overall client satisfaction with an average rating of 4.7 stars out of 5.
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WACO, Texas — Neighborly®, the world's largest franchisor of home service brands, celebrated another milestone year in 2018.
In June, the company announced The Riverside Company's sale of Neighborly to new private equity partner Harvest Partners, LP. Neighborly also completed two acquisitions, Real Property Management and Mosquito Joe. This brings the total number of service brands under the Neighborly umbrella to 20.
Neighborly grew to a total of nearly 3,600 franchisees across nine countries in 2018. The company sold a total of 325 new franchise units across its brands. In addition, the company's annual systemwide sales reached a total of $2 billion.
The launch of The Neighborly Project, an initiative to honor a veteran with complimentary home repair services.
The introduction of GetNeighborly.com version 2.0, which updated the company's website platform that provides a one stop shop for all consumers' home service needs.
Inclusion in top industry rankings, such as Entrepreneur magazine's Franchise 500, Top Franchises for Veterans, Fastest Growing Franchises, Top Brands and Best Franchises for Any Budget; Military Times' Best for Vets; Franchise Gator's Top 100; Forbes America's Best and Worst Franchises to Buy; and Franchise Business Review's Top Franchise Opportunities.
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CARROLLTON, Texas — FASTSIGNS International, Inc., franchisor of FASTSIGNS®, the leading sign, graphics and visual communications franchise, announced today its partnership with Click2Sell, an online platform created to simplify, automate, and personalize the process for sales professionals performing business-to-business sales.
FASTSIGNS is known in the industry for equipping its franchisees with tools vital to securing the ongoing success of each individual location. In 2018, FASTSIGNS announced the launch of its partnership with 1HUDDLE, a workforce-training platform that converts unique training content into science-backed, quick-burst training games that are proven to accelerate workforce productivity. Additionally, FASTSIGNS announced the launch of a special incentive for first responders, including paramedics, emergency medical technicians, police officers, sheriffs, and firefighters, which includes a 50-percent reduction on the franchise fee — a savings of $23,750. As part of the International Franchise Association's (IFA) VetFran program, FASTSIGNS also offers veterans this special incentive. FASTSIGNS is proud to be the only franchisor in its segment to offer a development incentive specifically to first responders and veterans.
FASTSIGNS International, Inc. was ranked the #1 franchise opportunity in its category and 95 overall on Entrepreneur magazine's 2019 Franchise 500®, the world's first, best and most comprehensive franchise ranking. Acknowledged by entrepreneurs and franchisors as a top competitive tool of measurement, the Franchise 500® recognizes FASTSIGNS, the only sign, graphics, and visual communications franchise to be recognized in the top 100, for its exceptional performance in areas including financial strength and stability, growth rate and brand power. FASTSIGNS also has been recognized for its franchisee satisfaction by being named a World Class Franchise by the Franchise Research Institute for five consecutive years and has been ranked by Franchise Business Review as one of the "Best of the Best" for franchisee satisfaction for the last 10 years. Additionally, FASTSIGNS also was named to Franchise Business Review's "Innovative Franchises" list in 2017 and a "Best-in-Category" franchise by Franchise Business Review in 2018. The Canadian Franchise Association (CFA) recently recognized FASTSIGNS International, Inc. with a special six-year Franchisees' Choice designation for its strong relationship with Canadian franchisees, as well as extensive franchisee training and support.
DALLAS — AtWork Group, a rapidly growing national staffing franchise, announced today the opening of its new office in the greater Dallas, Texas area, further extending the company's reach in the Dallas – Fort Worth metroplex. The franchise location is owned and operated by local entrepreneur Alex Berrabah and will offer staffing solutions to the Frisco, Plano, and Lewisville areas.
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CARROLLTON, Texas — FASTSIGNS International, Inc., franchisor of FASTSIGNS®, the leading sign, graphics and visual communications franchise, is actively recruiting franchise candidates to grow its co-brand and conversion program throughout the West Coast, including Phoenix, Tucson, Las Vegas, Southern California, and New Mexico. As part of its growth strategy, FASTSIGNS will exhibit at The NBM Show (booth #112) at the Phoenix Convention Center from Feb. 1-2, 2019.
FASTSIGNS International, Inc. was ranked the #1 franchise opportunity in its category and 95 overall on Entrepreneur magazine's 2019 Franchise 500®, the world's first, best and most comprehensive franchise ranking. Acknowledged by entrepreneurs and franchisors as a top competitive tool of measurement, the Franchise 500® recognizes FASTSIGNS, the only sign, graphics, and visual communications franchise to be recognized in the top 100, for its exceptional performance in areas including financial strength and stability, growth rate, and brand power. FASTSIGNS also has been recognized for its franchisee satisfaction by being named a World Class Franchise by the Franchise Research Institute for five consecutive years and has been ranked by Franchise Business Review as one of the "Best of the Best" for franchisee satisfaction for the last 10 years. Additionally, FASTSIGNS also was named to Franchise Business Review's "Innovative Franchises" list in 2017 and a "Best-in-Category" franchise by Franchise Business Review in 2018. Last year, the Canadian Franchise Association (CFA) recognized FASTSIGNS International, Inc. with a special six-year Franchisees' Choice designation for its strong relationship with Canadian franchisees, as well as extensive franchisee training and support.
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HOPE Vol. 2 is a trophy required for the HOPE II: Development legendary weapon collection.
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text:
Business News›Magazines›Panache›India Mulls Facial Recognition; 5 Nations Already Using The Technology
India Mulls Facial Recognition; 5 Nations Already Using The Technology
ET Online|
Updated: 10 Jul 2019, 02:49 PM IST
Let Your Face Do The Talking
The human face can speak volume about health, emotions and intentions.In today's tech-driven world, facial recognition has becomes a prime parameter of identity. However, the technology, which is banned in San Francisco, can be a boon or a bane depending on how it's used. While it assures safety, a major concern is its ability to put privacy at stake.
The National Crime Records Bureau recently raised a request seeking bids for an automated facial recognition system (AFRS). The prime need, as explained by the authority, was assuring safety of citizens. It aims to use the technology for better identification of criminals, missing children and adults, andeven dead bodies. It will use pictures from passports and national fingerprint identification systems and match it with the criminals' photograph. Prominent points like features, contours, expression, scars, marks and tattoos will be used as cues.
However, the AFRS is being subjected to concerns about the authorities getting access to the faces stored in database.
While the system may soon make its debut India, a number of countries have been already been banking on it to serve a number of purposes. Here's a round-up of all nations that rely on facial recognition technology.
(Image: Getty)
ET Online
Leaders Of Facial Recognition Tech
The world's most-populated country tops the charts when it comes to deployment of facial recognition technology. The Chinese government uses it to make its forces more efficient, keep a better tab on people and for business transactions.
Over 170 million CCTV cameras guard the streets of China and most of them are powered by artificial intelligence (AI) and facial recognition. The Chinese have time and again used the technology for the identification and conviction of criminals. However, this is not where it ends. Schools in China are using the technology to evaluate student behaviour and measure their stress levels.
Even fried chicken joint KFC has turned to the technology in the country, with some outlets using facial recognition to guess what the customer is likely to buy, while others have kick-started 'smile to pay' in their stores. The system needs three seconds of facial scanning with a 3D camera. It uses a live-ness detection system to determine if the customers are paying or not. The customers also need to enter their phone number in the system to avoid fraud.
In Jinan City, three branches of a bank are allowing people to use their face instead of an ATM card to withdraw money.
Welcome To Dubai, Or Not
A world leader in adopting new technologies, UAE makes use of facial recognition technology in a quirky yet incredibly smart manner. At the Dubai airport, a virtual aquarium is placed fitted with 80 facial recognition cameras. The aquarium scans faces of people who walk by and then either clears them for entry or raises a security concern. UAE plans to take it to the next level by 2020 by deploying automated immigration officers who will make use of AI and facial recognition to allow or deny entry.
Its upcoming project 'Oyoon' will use cameras with speakers to nab criminals on the streets. The cameras will also be able to issue a verbal warning at the spot.
For safe public transport, Dubai authorities are installing facial recognition in buses. It identifies the bus drivers and defines whether a person is in a state to drive or not.
Authorities in Japan are following in the footsteps of China when it comes to using facial recognition. For the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo, the country will be using facial recognition cameras instead of ID cards.
Soon, airports in Japan will also use facial recognition for those departing from the country. The prime aim of this is to assure quick and seamless departure of guests.
In order to curb gambling addiction, Japan authorities have installed facial recognition system that can tell how many times a person has gone to a casino. Shoplifters in the country are also coming under the scanner with retail stores using AI to spot those with a wrong intention. Thanks to the update, shoplifting has reduced by 40% in the country.
Japanese automaker Subaru has also integrated AI system in the Forrester brand of its SUVs. The system issues an alert in case the driver is tired or sleepy and if an accident is likely to take place.
However, security isn't the only area guarded by facial recognition. Employee productivity is also monitored with the help of the technology.
Fighting Terrorism With Tech
The high-tech capital of Asia is using facial recognition in a creative manner. Singapore is using the technology to locate elderly people who go missing.
At the airports, the technology is being used to spot travellers who are lost or late. It has also stepped into the shoes of humans by allowing passengers to check-in and go through immigration on their own. The country is also using the facial recognition to cut down terrorism by performing crowd analytics.
Efficient & Accurate
While San Francisco has banned facial recognition technology, Orlando airport is using it to scan international visitors. A task which earlier took more time and did not assure accuracy, now takes two seconds and is accurate to 99%.
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Irving, Texas Real Estate is affordable and has a variety of styles and features. Explore more on the links below.
Counties: Dallas Irving, Texas will capture your fancy with its easy-going spirit and exceptional opportunities for recreation and relaxation. Whatever your favorite activity is, you'll find it here or near! Championship golf courses. Boutiques, antiques and malls. A world-class equestrian center and polo club. Amusement and water parks. A major motion picture studio. First-rate accommodations and dining. Ballet, theater companies, symphonies and art museums. Professional football, baseball, basketball and ice hockey. And with a central location just minutes from Dallas and Fort Worth, Irving is your gateway to unlimited adventure.


Are you looking for your next big thrill? Then look no further than this exhilarating freefall abseil for one at the AcelorMittal Orbit in London! Beginning with a safety introduction, you'll then be kitted up before abseiling down 115 metres! Take in breath-taking views of the city for up to 20 miles, admiring iconic skyscrapers and landmarks, from Canary Wharf to Wembley Stadium. A spine-tingling adventure, it will create cherished memories that will last a lifetime.


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Q: How to make subform display data according to combobox selection? I'm trying to bind multiple tables together and have a subform display data based on my combobox (ID name = CbproductName) selection in a form named Form2. I'm using Ms office Access.
This is the query
SELECT Employee.EmpName, Employee.EmpCode, Employee.CompanyID, Employee.DeptID,
       Employee.ComputerID, Software.ProductName
  FROM Software
       INNER JOIN (
             (
              Computer INNER JOIN Employee ON Computer.CompID = Employee.ComputerID)
              INNER JOIN Application ON Computer.ComputerName=Application.[A-ComputerID]
             )
       ON Software.ID = Application.SoftwareID
 WHERE Application.SoftwareID = Form2.CbProductName;

However it keeps prompting me to enter the parameter value when i run the form, and it doesn't display the result of the entered value. it also doesn't change according to the combobox selection.
Can someone point me at a direction to get it done?

A: In a query, reference a form by its name as a member of the Forms collection.  And then reference the value of a control on that form using the control name.  It should look like this pattern:
Forms!FormName!ControlName

In your query, change the Where clause to this:
WHERE Application.SoftwareID = Forms!Form2!CbProductName;

Then make sure to refresh that query in after update event of CbProductName.  You indicated the query is used as the record source for a subform, so assuming the subform control is on the same form as the combo box, try this as the after update procedure:
Private Sub CbProductName_AfterUpdate()
    Me!SubformControlName.Form.Requery
End Sub

Beware, the subform control name may not be the same as the name of the form it contains.  Make sure you use the name of the control.


Shopping for Brooks Glider Rockers at Harvey's Furniture & Appliance in Oliver Springs, TN?
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So, if you are looking for Brooks Glider Rockers products in Oliver Springs, ANDERSON COUNTY, ROANE COUNTY, MORGAN COUNTY, KNOX COUNTY, CAMPBELL COUNTY, Scott County and CUMBERLAND COUNTY, Tennessee, or if you have any questions about Brooks Glider Rockers products, please feel free to call us at 865-435-7359 or simply stop by Harvey's Furniture & Appliance at any time and we would be glad to help you.


text:
Calendar Events Media Library
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Education Guided Tours Archive
Information & Tickets Accessibility
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About Us Team
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Gropius Bau
Twenty Chapters
11 March to 6 June 2005
Poster of the exhibition "Günther Uecker – Twenty Chapters"
Design: Steenbrink Vormgeving, Berlin
Günther Uecker is one of the important German artists of the second half of the 20th century who continues to work with unflagging intensity and he is one of the few who have enjoyed uninterrupted international recognition. The fact that his works are collected and exhibited by both Western and Eastern museums can not only be seen as a mark of quality; it also has to do with his vita and the universal validity of his art which has grown out of his humanistic sense of values.
Born in 1930 in Mecklenburg, the artist came from the GDR to the Federal Republic in 1955 at an early age and studied at the Düsseldorf art academy, where he later worked as a professor until retiring in 1995. By the late 1950s Uecker was at the forefront of international artistic innovation as, among other things, a member of the legendary avant-garde group ZERO. With a radical transformation from painted panels to nail objects he managed to find a tool suited to his artistic intentions (as well as a trademark that has never left him), with which he commenced his ever increasing preoccupation with natural means in producing his art. Uecker has participated in major exhibitions since the middle of the 1960s, such as the Biennale in Venice and the documenta, and has been awarded numerous prizes, including the Imperial Ring of the City of Goslar. He has recently been named a member of the Pour le Mérite Order in Berlin.
The theme of his works in the 1980s and 1990s was always the "vulnerability of people at the hands of people", as he himself put it. His awareness of the dangers to which nature and people are exposed has led him to produce very disturbing sculptures and installations that touch on existential aspects of our lives.
Berlin, a city searching for a new role in promoting understanding between East and West, is an ideal venue for this long overdue retrospective of Uecker's work and tribute to the life's work of one of the really great "all-German" artists on the occasion of his 75th birthday.
The exhibition consists of 20 chapters. 19 of them will be displayed in the Martin-Gropius-Bau in 18 rooms of the ground floor (and the atrium). Divided into thematic groups, they comprise outstanding examples from five decades of his work that trace Uecker's artistic development. Chapter 20 will be on display from 20 April 2005 in the Neue Nationalgalerie in Berlin. The tour will present the following series of works, among others: early drawings, light media, permutations, nailed objects, structure fields and progressions, kinetics, "blackspace-whitespace", sand spirals, "On the Silence of Writing", "Black Mesa", ash pictures and tree objects, violations and connections, cloth objects, "Letter to Peking", nailed painting, dialogue of cultures and new current works.
The exhibition consists of loans of the highest quality from public and private collections as well as of objects from the artist's own collection, some of which have never been exhibited.
Günther Uecker – Twenty Chapters
Günther Uecker – Watercolours
Ed.: Alexander Tolnay, Neuer Berliner Kunstverein
Texts: Alexander Dückers, Alexander Tolnay
96 pages, approx. 50 colour illustrations
Hatje Cantz Verlag, € 19
Organizer: Neuer Berliner Kunstverein in cooperation with the Neue Nationalgalerie – Staatliche Museen zu Berlin.
Made possible by the Hauptstadtkulturfonds Berlin
Principal sponsor: Deutsche Bank AG
Curator: Alexander Tolnay, Berlin
Newsletter Gropius Bau
Media Library – Gropius Bau
Annual Overview
Getting There & Contact


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Ah Huay Ownself-Praise-Ownself for Schooling Gold Medal Win Justified
ELSON: How important was MP Lee Bee Wah to Joseph Schooling's Olympic gold medal win?
The public has been wondering about that ever since she posted this message on Facebook, ownself-crediting-owneself for getting Schooling to the Games.
Skeptics have berated her for overestimating her worth.
However, it appears that the Beautiful Flower really did try her "level best" to get Schooling's NS deferred.
And it's not often we say this, but Ah Huay did good compared to all other other colleagues.
Schooling's family should definitely get the bulk of the public's adulation for surviving and winning the uphill battle, which started back in 2010, when they engaged the then-Ministry of Community Development, Youth and Sports as well as the Singapore National Olympic Council in deferment talks.
Ah Huay's attempts started a year after that, when she raised the issue in parliament on 8 Mar 2011.
Then, the Ang Mo Kio GRC MP said:
"What is the reason why they are not able to carry out such performance at senior level? Parents of male athletes have very often told me that National Service is a severe disruption to their progress. I do not know if any studies have been done in this respect. If this notion about National Service is true, then we should re-examine our policy.
In competitive sports, for athletes to retain their fitness level and dexterity requires constant rigorous training, almost on a daily basis. When the athletes go for National Service, their training regime is interrupted. While National Service training is no doubt rigorous and helps in maintaining fitness levels, it is a different type of training regime that does not promote further progress in their respective sports. Two years without training or interrupted training can lead to a significant dip in fitness and skills. By the time the athlete is ready to resume his sporting career, much more effort is required. He has to get into shape and to re-adjust to a new training regime. His competitors would have established new records and applied new techniques. Thus, our athletes would have to work doubly hard. I guess, by then, a lot of them would have lost interest as well. As such, if we want to be a sporting nation, we would need to look at our current policy and see how to help sportsmen pursue sporting excellence. I propose that MCYS work with MINDEF to provide flexibility to national athletes in serving National Service."
Ah Huay also went a step further to propose NS exemption as a reward for good performance.
"National athletes should be allowed to defer their National Service to a later age, let us say, 30 years old, if they choose to pursue sporting excellence. To give further encouragement, if they achieved a gold medal in the Commonwealth Games or Asian Games, or any medal in the Olympics, they be exempted from National Service. Athletes can thus make a choice to do National Service as usual or defer their National Service and pursue sporting excellence. If they are indeed passionate about sports, and I believe many of our athletes are, they would want to give their all to get that gold medal. Competing for the nation's honour requires plenty of sacrifices on the athlete's part. They have to undergo daily rigorous training, lead a stringent lifestyle and spend weeks away from their family and loved ones for competition seasons. All these sacrifices are already akin to serving National Service for our country."
A year later, Mdm Lee raised the issue in parliament again.
This was on 6 Mar 2012, after GE2011, when she tried to take on the Ministry of Defence which was helmed by Dr Ng Eng Hen.
"MCYS has done well with brilliant schemes that helped to unearth new talents and hone the abilities and achievements of Team Singapore. But we can do more to give young male athletes the opportunity when it presents itself. One hurdle they now face is to get deferment from National Service. To many athletes, taking two-year breaks is detrimental to an athlete's career, especially when he is in his teens and at the upward climb of his performance. Two years of National Service is a very long break for just about anyone."
She specifically raised the concerns of a young Joseph Schooling's parents.
"Little wonder that parents of our 16-year-old swimming prodigy Joseph Schooling are worrying about the impact of National Service on their son's Olympic dream. A recent Sunday Times report entitled "Joseph's a bit special, can we help him to be even more?" accurately sums up the problems of the inflexible stance towards National Service deferment. Joseph is so talented that national swim teams like the US, Australia and Malaysia are believed to be interested in poaching him. American colleges are also inviting him to join them. Should he decide to further his swimming career in other countries, Singapore will not only lose an excellent opportunity for an Olympic medal, but also a very talented young athlete. It will be a short-sighted policy on promoting sports. Certainly, the security of our nation transcends any number of Olympic medals, and everyone has a role to play in national defence, but there can be more flexible ways to achieve this…
Prodigies like Joseph Schooling in a small Singapore are like diamonds; coming along only once in a while, fading and disappearing if we do not treasure them. Let us do the wise thing and bring our National Sports scene to even greater heights. Currently, America has "Linsanity". Singapore will have "Josanity", or even more, if we tweak the National Service policy now for all our deserving elite athletes."
Dr Ng replied with the usual "MINDEF exercises flexibility when it came to NS deferment" "motherhood statement".
Fortunately for Joseph Schooling and Daddy and Mommy Schooling, he was granted a deferment in 2013.
We'll never know for sure how important Ah Huay's badgering was, but at least we know she did try to chip away at MINDEF's wall of stone.
In sports, we celebrate our medal winners and recognise the efforts our other athletes who gave their best shot despite winding up empty-handed.
At least Ah Huay tried, and tried again.
Related Items:Joseph schooling, lee bee wah, olympics, singapore
Buck Low
I give you respects for writing this article , defending an unpopular character and reporting the truth. That's how true journalists should behave! Good job!
Lim T J Rocky
Often times we "shoot from the hips" overly fast without double checking facts. In ref to past few days on Schooling NS debate, perhaps one should tone down & do some due diligence b4 penning " frustrations". Madam Lee BW did indeed tried her best to assist Schooling in getting his NS deferred. Gv her some due credit. Put this issue in the burners & move on
May the concerned Govt officials grant all deserving athletes Exemptions henceforth. Arigato
Merciful Defence Ministry Grants Schooling NS Deferment till after 2020 Olympic Games
Shocked Family Finds 14 Holes in Ceiling of Bukit Batok Flat during Renovation


text:
Getting started with Cloud Datastore
====================================

.. note::
  If you just want to kick the tires,
  you might prefer :doc:`datastore-quickstart`.

Creating a project
------------------

.. include:: _components/creating-a-project.rst

Enabling the API
----------------

Now that you created a project,
you need to **turn on** the Cloud Datastore API.
This is sort of like telling Google
which services you intend to use for this project.

* **Click on APIs & Auth**
  on the left hand side,
  and scroll down to where it says
  "Google Cloud Datastore API".

* **Click the "Off" button**
  on the right side
  to turn it into an "On" button.

Enabling a service account
--------------------------

.. include:: _components/enabling-a-service-account.rst

Add some data to your dataset
-----------------------------

Open a Python console and...

  >>> from gcloud import datastore
  >>> datastore.set_defaults()
  >>> list(datastore.Query(kind='Person').fetch())
  []
  >>> entity = datastore.Entity(key=datastore.Key('Person'))
  >>> entity['name'] = 'Your name'
  >>> entity['age'] = 25
  >>> datastore.put([entity])
  >>> list(Query(kind='Person').fetch())
  [<Entity{...} {'name': 'Your name', 'age': 25}>]

And that's it!
--------------

Next,
take a look at the complete
:doc:`datastore-api`.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Muscle cramps aren't dangerous or too harmful, but they can be painful. If they occur often, it may be necessary to visit a doctor.
It's something that happens to all of us—when making a certain movement, the muscle contracts with sharp pain and stiffness—muscle cramps. Muscle cramps are involuntary contractions and are usually quite painful. In this post, we'll tell you why they occur and how to evade them. Keep reading!
Muscle spasms or cramping can happen for various reasons such as a lack of oxygen in the muscles, cold, rough movements, among others. Cramps are common during menstruation, when stretching the body upon waking up, or when doing an extremely demanding physical activity.
Muscle cramps are annoying for anyone, but especially for athletes. Besides being painful, they interrupt the exercise and can inflame the affected area.
Muscle cramps are easy to identify. Basically, a muscle spasm is the prolonged contraction of the muscle. It enters the category of cramp when the contraction cannot be controlled voluntarily.
Playing sports without warming up or stretching.
Performing a physical activity in low temperatures.
Making a wrong movement, or forcing the muscle to be in an unnatural position.
Hydrate sufficiently: it doesn't matter if you're going to exercise or not. Stay hydrated at all times throughout the day. Otherwise, the risk of cramping increases with any movement you make.
Stretch. Before and after exercising, keep stretching. If you tend to suffer cramps while sleeping, stretch a little before going to bed. It's important to note that when you stretch your muscles, they should be relaxed while you breathe gently at the same time.
Prevent the lack of potassium or magnesium: the deficiency of these elements makes you more prone to cramping. So make friends with bananas and peanuts!
Avoid accumulating lactic acid in your muscles: lactic acid generates while performing very intense exercises. Accumulating too much of it in the muscles is extremely harmful. In fact, it would only promote the occurrence of cramps. To reduce lactic acid you should stretch, exercise regularly, and keep your muscles oxygenated.
If muscle spasms appear frequently and in the same muscle groups.
If they're characterized by redness or changes to the skin and swelling of the area.
When the pain is too intense and unbearable.
If they don't disappear with preventive care.
When you don't seem to show any apparent reasons to have cramps.
It's essential that you do not self-medicate for cramps. Taking medications without having a medical diagnosis isn't recommended. In addition to putting preventive methods into practice, you can ingest isotonic drinks to better hydrate your muscles. Never take antibiotics or remedies without first visiting a doctor.
It's important not to confuse a cramp with a contracture. The symptoms—pain and muscular contractions—are very similar. However, contractures can last for days or months even. They are much more serious than a cramp since they don't disappear with massages or stretching.
Contractures can happen due to nervous tension, excessive exercise, or poor posture. An example of contracture is torticollis. Be careful with the symptoms you manifest and go to a professional, who will appoint the right treatment. In the meantime, you can put ice on the affected area.
Cramps are not a big concern, however, it doesn't hurt to take care of your body and in turn, avoid the unnecessary pain that a cramp can cause. Also, if you begin to suspect any other symptom that accompanies muscle spasms, don't hesitate to visit the doctor.


Defend and represent the interests of cotton exporters through market research and development activities related to the sector.
To be a reference in the cotton export market and derivatives, the development of industry and unification of concepts.
Promote and organize the Brazilian cotton exports.


Staying neutral! Despite the fact that the Kardashian-Jenner girls reportedly weren't thrilled when they heard about Rob Kardashian and Blac Chyna dating -- and now having a baby -- Kim Kardashian maintains that everything is hunky-dory with her family. While in Cannes at the de Grisogono terrace suite, Kim gushed that Blac Chyna is doing great with her pregnancy so far. Huh? Did we miss something?
When asked by People how everyone was faring after hearing the news that there's another little Kardashian on the way, Kim said, "Everyone is doing really great. Everyone is super excited." Yeah. Sure they are. Just kidding. Kind of.
Of course Kim and her sisters and mom are excited for another sweet baby in their family, but there's no way this news didn't come without drama for the crew. None of the women has said one word about Rob and Chyna's engagement or pregnancy on social media, and, being that they Instagram every time they get a new hairstyle, it's a little odd. Hopefully the family is working through their drama and issues and everything will be resolved before the baby arrives.
Even though Kim Kardashian lives her life as an open book, she really is never one to air her dirty laundry to the public (except on her reality show, of course). Kim did the right thing by expressing her excitement and speaking about Rob and his baby mama in such a positive way. But, let's all hope that behind the scenes, things are just as copacetic. It's great to make it seem like everything's all good, but it's even better when it really is.


TIMERGARA: The Lower Dir district council on Thursday presented suggestions to the Election Commission of Pakistan for changes in the proposed delimitation of constituencies.
The council session here was chaired by its convener Abdul Rasheed. District nazim Mohammad Rasool Khan and all the councillors attended the session.
Maulana Mohammad Imran of Jamaat-i-Islami presented a resolution for changes in the proposed delimitation, which the council passed unanimously.
Maulana Imran and other councillors suggested that PK-13 should comprise of Khall tehsil, Rabat, Koto, Balambat and one union council of Khazana Jandol. They said that the Adenzai tehsil, excluding Kotigram union council, be made PK-14 and Timergara tehsil and Kotigram union council of Adenzai be made PK-15. They suggested that PK-16 should comprise of Samar Bagh tehsil and union councils of Mian Kallay, Munda and Gosum. They also called for including Lal Qila tehsil, and Lajbok, Munjai and Haya Serai councils in PK-17.
Earlier, the Lower Dir had one National Assembly seat and four provincial assembly seats, but under the proposed delimitation it would have two NA and five PA seats.
Majority of the political parties and local residents in Adenzai, Talash, Balambat and Samar Bagh were not happy with the proposed delimitation of constituencies. The district council demanded of the ECP to consider its recommendations for review of delimitation of constituencies in the district.
ROAD PROJECT: Residents of Sorchana village here on Thursday demanded of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government and Lower Dir administration to take notice of the slow pace of work on the Samar Bagh-Sorchana link road.
The area people, including Fazal Raziq, Hayatullah, Rizwan and Ijazul Haq, told mediapersons at Samar Bagh that MPA Izazul Mulk Afkari had inaugurated the project two years ago. They alleged that substandard material was being used in the road project.
They said that people of 10 villages, including patients, students and government employees, were being affected by the slow pace of work. They demanded of the government and relevant authorities to expedite work on the project.
Meanwhile, Qari Asghar Ali was elected president and Shahid Mehmood general secretary of Wahdat-i-Asateza, Lower Dir, for the next two years. The election of the organisation was held at the Timergara high school with its provincial general secretary Sirajuddin in the chair.