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Scene Of The Week - November 3, 2019 + POLL
Posted by Justyna Kubica at November 03, 2019 0 Comments
911 American Horror Story Arrow Daybreak Good Place Grey's Anatomy JK Madam Secretary New Amsterdam Perfect Harmony Scene of the Week Supergirl The Affair The Deuce The Flash This Is Us Watchmen
A weekly feature in which we're trying to find the most compelling, best acted, written, directed and just generally great, memorable scenes that we've seen in past seven days on TV.
9-1-1, "Monsters", October 28, 2019, Actors: Stephanie Lemelin and more, The Scene: A woman with brain injury drives through LA with a guy in her windshield
Prpleight: 9-1-1 does a great job with their thematic emergencies. I thought last Halloween's ghostly hiker was creepy. But this case surpassed that one as one of the creepiest images I can remember. A woman swerves to miss a bike rider and ends up hitting a pedestrian. The man went through her windshield and got stuck there. She hit her head so hard it left her completely unaware there was a man embedded in her windshield. She drove home, went to bed. When she emerged for work the next morning, with a huge knot on her forehead, I expected her to suddenly realize there was a man in her windshield and call 911. Nope. She gets in the car and heads for work. The most disturbing part about this was the driver's complete lack of awareness that there is a man embedded in the windshield of her car. No wonder people thought it was a Halloween decoration. She drove around like that for two days and only one person, who thought it was a gag until he saw the man move, called 911. Even then the police thought it was a prank. Far creepier than blood and gore.
AMERICAN HORROR STORY, "The Lady in White", October 30, 2019, Actors: John Carroll Lynch, Emma Roberts, Angelica Ross and more, The Scenes: Mother and Son reconcile & Brooke and Donna fight against a hitchhiker
Prpleight: Mother/Son reconciliation. It's gotta be a shock to realize your mother is the Uber Ghost that haunts the summer camp. After an earlier scene in which Benji's mother vents her hatred of her son she confesses that she pushed Margaret into becoming the monster that landed him in the mental hospital and made him Mr. Jingles. You can't have a family blowout like that without a moment of reconciliation. When Lavinia finds Benji sitting in the spot where Bobby dies she's ready to start another fight. But Benji isn't a little boy any more and Lavinia actually heard him when he confesses that he grieves for his little brother, Bobby. It seems as though he's finally got through to her when he tells her he's named his son after Bobby. As she lowers herself to sit next to her son, I was actually expecting a tender moment. Who am I kidding? This is Ryan Murphy. Their tender moment amounted to her suggesting he should kill himself. In context it's good advice....a way for him to improve his odds of killing Richard Ramirez. It was a Mother/Son reconciliation that could only work on AHS.
WK: Upon being held at gunpoint, Brooke finds herself at wits end as the deranged hitchhiker threatens to kill her if she doesn't drag Donna to her death. In an interesting reversal, Brooke regains control of the matter by shooting the hitchhiker, prompting Donna to strangle him with the very rope that nearly killed her. Rather than carry blood on their hands, the two women torture the psychopath by cutting his fingers off as retaliation for the torment he inflicted on them. I wasn't ready to see Angelica's character go so watching her and Emma come together felt invigorating, especially since they had fantastic chemistry. I absolutely loved the focus on women empowerment by making them take charge of their own fate, rather than seeing them helplessly fall prey to a man.
ARROW, "Leap of Faith", October 29, 2019, Actors: Stephen Amell, Katherine McNamara, Ben Lewis and more, The Scenes: The final scene & Oliver and Thea say goodbye
Justyna: It was such a short scene but it changed everything. As much as I enjoyed the entire episode this was a clear choice for Scene of the Week. In 2019 Oliver finds a reason to doubt Monitor's intentions and says goodbye to Thea. In the future new Team Arrow attacks JJ and his Deathstroke gang and loses Zoe as a result. They don't even have a chance to process their loss before they're suddenly moved back in time, to the present day bunker and Oliver, Diggle, Dinah and Rene. The sudden reappearance of Oliver in HQ would be confusing and unexpected enough, but the arrival of visitors from the future leaves everyone (especially the viewers) shocked and speechless. Though it's the reactions from Mia and William that hit me the most. They recognize their father immediately and I can't imagine what it must feel like for them to see him, decades "after" his death. For William it's a reunion that never happened, the one he was waiting for after he was forced to leave Oliver and Felicity as a kid. For Mia it's... well, everything. She has never met her father and for the first time she actually gets to see him. It's an impossible miracle and I can't wait to explore all the possibilities of this collision. Wonderful work by Katherine McNamara and Ben Lewis. This scene lasts less than a minute and yet the looks on their faces convey all the emotions their characters feel in this moment. I've rewatched this ending multiple times and it's as powerful now as it was the first time I saw it. Kudos! Can't wait to see what's going to happen next.
Milo: Mia, William and Connor arrive in the present day bunker. The colliding of the two timelines is something that's been suspected to happen for a long time and seeing Future Team Arrow come face to face with the current Team Arrow will never not be awesome. This season has hit high after high and that cliffhanger means for the first time in what feels like ages (not since S5) Arrow has been my most anticipated returning show airing new episodes the following week. I could not be more on board the hype for Crisis.
DJRiter: Mia, Connor, and William arrive in present day Arrow bunker from the future. It was a short scene with tremendous impact as Mia, Connor and William are transported to the present-day Star City by the Monitor. Mia and William come face to face with their father. This is a collation of the timelines as Oliver and Star City prepare for the Crisis.
Marko: And all of the sudden they've changed the whole game, once again. The second time in only three episodes the Arrow writers pulled an (at this point) unexpected twist out of their sleeves and everyone was left speechless. Connor, Mia and William were just heartbroken over the loss of Zoe just to find themselves in an unknown location seeing Oliver and the rest of Team Arrow in front of them. The tremble in Kat's voice was echoing in my ears as my heart was pounding at this new revelation.
Diana: Oliver and Thea say goodbye to each other with an emotional hug.
DAYBREAK, "FWASH-BOOOOOOOOOM!", October 24, 2019, Actors: Colin Ford, Alyvia Alyn Lind and more, The Scene: Josh and the gang team up to save the world
Milo: Josh and the gang arrive to save the world and rescue Angelica using music to get help from the Ghoulies. This show has shamelessly taken influence from Mad Max: Fury Road and it saved its most Mad Max inspired scene for the last episode; featuring the kids team up to stop a bomb, saving the world and Angelica - in epic fashion, using loud noise as bait to lure the Ghoulies so their army increased tenfold. It was insane, over the top and gloriously bonkers from start to finish - which is Daybreak summed up to perfection.
GREY'S ANATOMY, "Whistlin' Past the Graveyard", October 31, 2019, Actors: Justin Chambers, Camilla Luddington, The Scene: Alex and Jo get married again
Klutzy girl: I loved their first wedding but this was also sweet and so them.
MADAM SECRETARY, "Valor", October 27, 2019, Actors: Tim Daly, Téa Leoni and more, The Scene: Henry's testimony
Justyna: Very often it's the real-life tragedies that scare me the most. Not a ghost or a monster on the screen but the painful reality where people struggle every day and keep losing, far too many times. No matter the story, whether it's on a drama, a comedy, a superhero show, it's the people in these stories that make the biggest impact on me. This week on Madam Secretary we meet Major Brad Jenkins, a war hero, Medal of Honor recipient, a soldier suffering from PTSD. It wasn't the first time I've seen a similar story told, on a TV show, in a movie or on the news. Someone who served his country with honor and valor but was failed by other people and institutions after coming back home. The scene I wanted to mention from this memorable hour is near the end of the episode, when Henry is asked to speak in front of a committee, the decision makers for a proposed modernization bill, and he chooses to share Major Jenkins' words after his tragic death. The speech is meaningful, wonderfully said and written, the acknowledgement after is absolutely heartbreaking. So many painful, traumatic experiences happen every day. If there's a way to help people who suffer their consequences, every action counts. I'm glad to see another important issue highlighted on the show. I remain hopeful to see a real change outside of the TV world as well. Kudos to cast & crew for all their work.
NEW AMSTERDAM, "Righteous Right Hand", October 29, 2019, Actors: Ryan Eggold, April Matthis, The Scene: Kaye tells Max why she crashed the van
DJRiter: Kaye explains to Max why she crashed her van and how her faith in God made her do it. New Amsterdam is fast becoming my favorite drama on television. A great cast and great storylines like the one this week that featured April Matthis as a deeply religious woman who used her faith to help people she cared about get the medical treatment they couldn't get in their home state. This scene between Matthis and Eggold was especially effective as Kaye explains to Max how she let her faith guide her in making her decision to crash the van.
PERFECT HARMONY, "Halle-Boo-Yah", October 31, 2019, Actors: Anna Camp, Rizwan Manji, Tymberlee Hill and more, The Scene: Halloween Carols
Prpleight: The Second First Church of the Cumberlands choir decided to go house to house in town (to advertise for their Halloween event) and sing Halloween Carols. Um. I can't find the words. All I could do was gape with my chin on the floor.
SUPERGIRL, "In Plain Sight", October 27, 2019, Actors: Chyler Leigh, David Harewood, The Scene: Malefic-incepted Alex confronts J'onn on the balcony
DJRiter: A powerful scene that strikes at the core of the space family. Alex lashes out at J'onn for lying about being the cause of Malefic's anger. Again, Chyler Leigh and David Harewood prove why they are two of the MVP's of the Supergirl cast. The intensity, anger and pain they both displayed in this scene was off the charts. The depth and level of performance from Leigh and Harewood is always high whenever these two share a scene together but they took things to a whole new level of excellence. From Leigh's controlled fury to Harewood's guilt ridden pleas this was something very special and a highlight of the episode.
THE AFFAIR, "510", October 27, 2019, Actors: Dominic West, Maura Tierney
The Scene: Noah gets Helen angry in order to help her
Laura B: Noah gets Helen a little angry in order to help her down into the lower part of the canon. While most penultimate episodes of The Affair never disappoint, this was one the Affair's best episodes and the ultimate penultimate. I chose this scene, because it shows just how well Noah knows Helen, adding some humor to a pretty intense situation, and shows how much he's willing to risk to prove to her how much he still cares.
THE DEUCE, "Finish It", October 28, 2019, Actors: James Franco, Maggie Gyllenhaal, Margarita Levieva and more, The Scene: Flash-forward to 2019
Eve: Vince walks through Times Square and sees many characters from all seasons, Bobby, Candy/Eileen, Lori, CC, Ashley etc. The last character he sees is his murdered twin brother Frankie. They embrace and walk down into an underground station. The contemporary shot of Times Square continues and we see a 60+ Abby walking through the shot, dressed smart and on the phone. It's hinted that she's a 'corporate' lawyer (and still alive). This entire last scene with all the characters 'returning' can be seen as a bit cheesy but if you watched all 3 seasons and are a fan you can't help but fight back tears..
THE FLASH, "There Will Be Blood", October 29, 2019, Actors: Grant Gustin, Jesse L. Martin, The Scene: Barry and Joe talk at the end
Justyna: There's a famous quote written by F. Scott Fitzgerald that says "Show me a hero and I'll write you a tragedy." It's left for readers' interpretation but over the years I've seen it often used as a way to highlight just how many tragic backstories we get for every hero we meet on TV or a movie screen. Superhero shows and movies aren't for everyone, we all get to decide how we choose to see them, what's important for us. For me they've always meant more because, if done right, they were stories about real people in extraordinary worlds. Real, but also the best possible people, not just great, but genuinely good, the ones who try the most and are capable of making impossible choices, sacrifices that I could never imagine anyone being able to make. And I'm always waiting for a happy ending, even if there shouldn't be a chance for one, because if someone as good and wonderful as a hero doesn't get to have it, how could anyone else? It doesn't feel right or fair and I empathized with everything Joe said in this scene. It's beautiful how grateful Barry feels for all that he has, especially for Joe who showed him what it means to be a good person. "I learned all that from you." I'm definitely with Joe, though - not ready for this. It was such an emotional moment, beautifully portrayed by both actors. It actually felt bigger than The Flash for me. This one's for all the heroes. Kudos!
Diana: In the final scene, Barry and Joe talk about Barry's imminent death in Crisis. It's a heart to heart conversation which is very emotional because they're like father and son - I mean, Barry was raised into his home.
THE GOOD PLACE, "A Chip Driver Mystery", October 31, 2019, Actors: William Jackson Harper, Manny Jacinto, The Scene: Jason tries to help Chidi
Jennifer: This season of TGP has required Chidi to be emotionally separated from his friends, since he doesn't remember that they're his friends. Letting him in on Jason's "secret" has let the two bond all over again, which leads to a nice moment with Jason trying to help Chidi be more fun and spontaneous. I want to watch Harper and Jacinto dance to EDM music forever. It also ended with John finding out about Jason's "secret," which gives the gossip blogger a little more depth as he tries to measure his desire to help his friends (and learn a Magic Mike dance) against his natural inclination to blab. This week felt like the most we've seen of the new humans getting to have their own stories, and I hope that this is an indication we'll get more for John in particular. I also hope we get more dancing. That was awesome.
THIS IS US, "The Club", October 29, 2019, Actors: Milo Ventimiglia, Sterling K. Brown, Lonnie Chavis and more, The Scenes: Randall talks to Jack about isolation & Randall plays golf at the end
WK: In a flashback dating back to Randall's childhood, we see him engage in a moving conversation with Jack regarding isolation. Having vocalized the challenges surrounding his blackness within largely white spaces, Jack attempted to sympathize with Randall by drawing parallels to his own experiences related to classism. Such a comparison didn't bode well with the child as it took away from his experience, leading the patriarch to note that he doesn't "see" color only adding to the disconnect within the conversation. This scene captured the essence of privilege perfectly by conveying the dangers surrounding a colorblind mentality. While Jack meant well, it was important that Randall's perspective be taken into full consideration because it speaks to the personal plights us black folk endure. We can't escape the skin we live in and while it's important to acknowledge our humanity, our racial identity contributes to that very point.
Diana: The last scene with Randall playing golf. Through the episode we learn why Jack hated golf, and why Randall isn't a big fan of it. During flashback, we got to see father and son playing in the field, till the very last scene when Randall pays homage to his dad by one before aiming for the nearby pond: "This one's for you, pop." Such a cute scene. Tears overloaded.
Klutzy girl: Randall reveals he can actually play golf after misleading the other councilmen. "This one's for you, Pops" made me emotional, especially mixed in with the flashback to his day golfing with Jack.
WATCHMEN, "Martial Feats of Comanche Horsemanship", October 27, 2019, Actors: Jeremy Irons, Tom Mison, Sara Vickers, The Scene: The Watchmaker's Son is performed for an audience of one
Milo: This was the scene that showcased what sort of show Watchmen is - weird, not afraid to take risks and self-aware of what kind of genre it is. Jeremy Irons' Ozymandias is one of the characters with the most bizarre arcs this season - it's not clear how he fits into a larger puzzle, but I'm enjoying it a lot and seeing the play enacted by his willing subordinates was brilliant, and worked as a nice callback to the original source material.


My goal was to have a nice quiet weekend, in essence , to have an unLabor day. But at the farm chores do not follow the calendar. Every day, horses need to fed, cleaned, sprayed for flies, feet checked and a million other things. First, we had to get Pixie, the German Riding pony, ready to go to Sarah's for a month of training.
daughter, Ally. I would watch Sharelle manage the 501.3 C business, always on the phone, hustling for feed, a place to put a newly donated horse and organize all the donators with correct adoptees.
Sarah rode barrels. She rode for the prize money. It was her spending money. She ran my horse, Kid, until he was 20 years old. She won the Gulf Coast Barrel Racing Association end of year prize. Then she retired him to me. Sarah has an incredible work ethic. She is successful because she steadfastly, calmly and concisely works each horse to get results.
Every horse in our barn except Bruno has been to Sarah. She always gets them back (or there for the first time) to a great work ethic. Mimi went to Sarah's and came back a finished pony. We hope for the same results from Pixie. Sarah gets results.
After we dropped off the pony, we hurried to meet Ally and her extended family for Jordyn's birthday lunch. Lauren left after we got home to go out of town for the rest of the weekend. I have my outside chores and am also trying to clean things up inside the house. I am pretty sure I could work all day, every day and never finish.
Mama Kitty, who we have never been able to catch will go the vet to be neutered. I think she has had at least 60 kittens. I hope I can get her there. Poor mama kitty- enough is enough. Her current litter is six kittens, all different colors and kinds. They were hiding in my car and started popping out as I backed up the car. I am going to park away from the house until we get this figured out. Hope I catch mama on Tuesday. No more babies!


I wanted to decap an iconic Intel 8080 microprocessor. Although (low resolution) die photos can be readily found, I wanted to take a closer look myself. Launched in April 1974 the 8080 was the successor to the 8008. It was the first Intel CPU on an NMOS process and the first in a 40 pin package.
I initially thought the 435 date code meant 1974 week 35 (Which would have been a very early part.) But then realized the '79 was the design revision. Intel did a design revision in 1979 and were clearly still in production in 1984, ten years after the launch.
The 8080 was designed by Frederico Faggin along with Stan Mazor. One backstory that I find fascinating is that Faggin not only designed this (And the 4004.) He was also the inventor of the Self-Aligned Silicon gate process – one of the most important process steps that was used in every CMOS chip for the next 30 years. Even by the 1980's the idea of a process engineer also designing chips was unthinkable, the two engineering disciplines are just too separate. Faggin left Intel to found Zilog in Nov 1974 (And designed the hugely successful Z80 CPU) and founded and was CEO/Chairman of Synaptics for many years a company making touchpad interfaces who are still around today.
The "mel" marking is intringuing. The 'el' are styled the same as the Intel logo, which suggest to me that this is not a designer initial.
One of the big changes from the 8008 was the 16 bit address register array (Or stack pointer) that enabled the part to address 64kB of memory (Through the 16 Address Array input pads down the right side of the die). The instruction register has two blocks of ROM each containing 324 bits by my count. The bi-directional 8 bit data pins are on the top right.
With the dense metal not all features can clearly seen. Whilst 8080 die photos are not hard to find, I have never seen a polysilicon layer die photo of an 8080 anywhere. So using a paste of Armour etch (HF based) and water to remove the dielectrics, and HCl (Muriatic acid) to etch the Aluminum I created a polysilicon die photo.
Here is a crop from the image where I have marked up the layers to explain what you can see I may have over-etched the oxides a bit (using homemade pastes and only having one sample it is a bit hit or miss). But you can clearly see all the transistor gates, and the source/drain regions (Active area) and even all the contacts.
This image (Plus metal die photo) would be sufficient to fully reverse engineer the chip with several hours of effort tracing the circuit. Of course in the 1970's the 8080 was reverse engineered by dozens of companies (Including Soviet, Polish and Czechoslovakia companies). Many second sources were made by AMD, TI, NEC, Siemens amongst others as cited in the wiki article. Back in 1970 the same microscope and etching was available, but of course there was no digital cameras. To create a stitched image like this would have required physically taping together many paper photos!
This entry was posted in Die Photo and tagged 8080, Al, CPU, intel, NMOS, poly. Bookmark the permalink.


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FIRST READINGS OF BILLS.
PRIVATE BILLS.
Bill No. 72, respecting The Calgary and Fernie Railway Company.-Mr. R. B. Bennett. Bill No. 73, respecting The Canadian Northern Railway Company.-Mr. Currie. Bill No. 74, respecting The Central Ontario Railway.-Mr. G. V. White. Bill No. 75, respecting The Continental Fire Insurance Company of Canada.-Mr. W. H. Sharpe. Bill No. 76, to incorporate Les Soeurs de la Charite de 1'Ho.spital Saint Antoine de Le Pas.-Mr. Lavallee.
MESSAGE FROM THE GOVERNOR GENERAL-THE ADDRESS IN REPLY.
Right Hon. R. L. BORDEN (Prime Minister) presented a message from His Royal Highness the Governor General, signed by his own hand. Mr. SPEAKER read the message, as follows: Gentlemen of the House of Commons: I have received with great pleasure the Address that you voted in response to my speech on the occasion of the opening of Parliament. Arthur. Government House, Ottawa, 13th February, 1914.
AMENDMENT TO THE JUDGES' ACT.
Mr. ROCH LANCTOT (Laprairie and Napierville) begs leave to introduce Bill No. 77, amending the Judges' Act. He said: Mr. Speaker, the Act which this Bill is intended to amend provides in its section 19, that a judge after serving fifteen years on the Bench may be pensioned. The Bill which I now submit to the House provides that the word ' fifteen ' be struck out and words ' twenty-five ' substituted therefor. Under sections 20 and 24 of the Revised Statutes, and section 25 of the Act of 1908, embodied in the statutes of 1913, it is provided that a judge after reaching seventy-five years of age, or serving during a period of thirty-five years, though less than seventy five years old, may retire, and that in either case he is entitled to a government pension equal to the salary he earned at the time of his retirement. The object of this Bill is to amend that provision, so that instead of drawing his full salary 'the judge thus retired shall in the future draw a pension equal to only two-thirds of the salary be was drawing at the time of retirement. Should the judge have served for a period of less than five years, the pension shall not exceed one-third of the yearly salary he was drawing, unless such judge has reached the age of seventy-five. Under the new section 25 which I am moving, county judges having reached the age of seventy-five will be bound to retire. Besides I am submitting to the consideration of the House a further provision which will come in immediately after section 27 of the Revised Statutes of 1906, which further provision is to the effect that any person drawing a pension under such Act who later on draws a salary in connection with some public office in the gift of the Dominion Government, shall suffer a reduction of such salary equal to the amount of such pension . To conclude, a last section states that the provisions of the last section shall be applicable to whomsoever is drawing to-day such a pension.
Thomas Simpson Sproule (Speaker of the House of Commons)
I have not had an opportunity to look fully into this Bill, but in my judgment it is one which ought to be introduced by resolution. I notice that it provides a pension, which, I take it, would be paid under different circumstances from those specified by the general law on that subject. If so, it could only be introduced by resolution. Before the Bill reaches the second reading I will look fully into the matter.
Topic: AMENDMENT TO THE JUDGES' ACT.
Roch Lanctôt
Mr. LANCTOT:
It is not to increase
but to reduce the pension.
It may be under different circumstances from those under
which a pension may be paid by law today.
POPULATION OF CANADA BY DECADES.
Mr. BORDEN laid on the table of the House a statement of the population of Canada according to provinces and territories in 1871, 1881, 1891, 1901 and 1911, according to the census returns. He said: I observe in this that the population of Alberta and Saskatchewan, within their present limits are now defined, as set out in the census of 1901, according to a compilation that has been made by the Census Department, is to be found in the Canada Year Book of the present year. Of course, they were not constituted as provinces at that time, but the population within their area is set forth.
REPRESENTATION IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
Right Hon. R. L. BORDEN moved second reading of Bill No. 62, to readjust the representation in the House of Commons. He said: I desire to offer just a few words upon the second reading of the Bill. When the Bill was introduced, I stated that it was precisely in the form in which the Bill of 1903 had passed Parliament. That is not precisely correct, because sections 7 and 8 as they appeared in the Bill of that time have been omitted from the present Bill. The reason for that is that those sections were repealed in the following year by a Bill which was introduced by Hon. Charles Fitzpatrick, Minister of Justice at that time, who in introducing the Bill made these observations: . The object of this Bill is to correct two or three errors which, through inadvertence or oversight, crept into the Representation Act of last session. Sections 7 and S of the Representation Act slipped into their present position in the body of the Act through error. They are taken from the Quebec Act, Revised Statutes of Quebec, chapter 2, sections 67 and 68, which define the provincial electoral districts. The intention was to insert these particular sections 6 and 7 where they ought to be, in the Quebec schedule. They have been incorporated in the body of the Act, which would make them applicable to the whole Dominion. Of course, this is absolutely impossible under the system of dividing constituencies as they exist elsewhere. As the sections had been repealed in the following year and were held to be inapplicable, for that reason they were not included in the Bill which I introduced a week ago to-day. Upon the introduction of the Bill, my hon. friend from Pictou (Mr. E. M. Macdonald) raised a question as to the effect of subsection 4 of section 51 of the British North America Act, which is as follows: On any such readjustment the number of members for a province shall not be reduced unless the proportion which the number of the population of the province bore to the number of the aggregate population of Canada at the then last preceding readjustment of the number of members for the province is ascertained at the then latest census to be diminished by one-twentieth par or up war!'. And it has been suggested that in giving this section its effect there should be no reduction in the representation of the Maritime provinces and possibly of Ontario, under the results disclosed by the last census. I regret as much as any hon. gentleman in this House the necessity that the provinces mentioned shall lose representation in this House, and, as I assured my hon. friend from Pictou on the occasion alluded to, I would be only too glad if I could find such assistance or aid from this section as would do away with the necessity for reducing the representation as it is proposed in the Bill. I fear, however, that there is no such assistance to be derived; and the question as I understand it may be illustrated by a concrete example. Let us suppose that a certain province in Canada, to which is applied the unit of representation as defined by the population of Quebec, finds itself confronted with the loss of one or more members. It is necessary to consider the effect of subsection 4, to see whether or not there is any sufficient safeguard in its provisions. In order to avoid long and complicated fractions, let us suppose that such province finds itself in this position: that at the -last preceding readjustment the proportion which the number of the population of that province bore to the number of the aggregate -population of Canada was one-tenth. And suppose that upon the readjustment under consideration it is found that the proportion which the number of the population of the province bears to the number of the aggregate population of Canada at that readjustment is one-twelfth. The question then is as to the meaning and effect of subsection 4. If you reduce these proportions to a common denominator, you will find that at the preceding readjustment the proportion was six-sixtieths, while at the readjustment under consideration it is one-twelfth, or five-sixtieths. As I understand the meaning and effect of the section, there is a reduction from six-sixtieths to five-sixtieths in the proportion which the population of that province bears to the aggregate population of Canada. Therefore, I would consider-and this is the view that has been taken on all occasions in the past, as I understand-that the proportion which the population of that province bears to the aggregate population of Canada has been reduced, in the suggested case by one-sixth, that is, from six-sixtieths to five-sixtieths. The argument, as I understand it, which has been put forward in contradistinction to that is this: that inasmuch as the proportion in question at the previous readjustment was six-sixtieths and at the present readjustment is five-sixtieths, the proportion in question has been reduced by only one-sixtieth; but I think that upon the slightest consideration it will be found that that contention cannot be sustained. At the former readjustment the proportion stood at six-sixtieths, at the readjustment in question it stands at five-sixtieths, and therefore the proportion, according to my view, has obviously been reduced by one-sixth or more than one-twentieth, and therefore the province finds no aid or'assistance in the provisions of subsection 4 of section 51 of the British North America Act. I went into the general subject somewhat fully in introducing this Bill; therefore I do not find it necessary to add anything further at this stage.
Rt. H@
Ere we come to a final conclusion upon the second reading of this Bill, perhaps it would not be inadvisable if we should endeavour to lay down the principles which should guide the committee which is entrusted with the'task of recasting the electoral map of Canada, so as to give each one of the provinces which now are a part of the Dominion the representation to which it is entitled according to its population ascertained at the last census. I shall be pardoned, although the article has been cited more than once, if I call the attention of the House to the provisions of. section 51 of the British North America Act which is the basis of all the dispositions which affect representation under our system. The language is somewhat peculiar, and I commend it to the attention of the House:
On the completion of the census in the year one thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, and on each subsequent decennial census, the
representation of the four provinces shall be readjusted by such authority, in such a manner, and from such time as the Parliament of Canada from time to time provides, subject and according to the following rules.
I need not cite the rules, but I call the attention of the House to these peculiar words:
The representation . . . shall be adjusted by such authority, in such manner and at such time as the Parliament of Canada from time to time provides. ,
These words have been a puzzle to many of those who have studied our Constitutional Act. It has been difficult to ascertain from the mere context of the Act what was meant by the fathers of Confederation when they used these words: ' By such authority as Parliament from time to time provides '. The debates of the Legislature of Old Canada, when the basis of the Act was debated at Quebec, fail to give any indication of what was meant by its framers. Nothing that was said or written at the time discloses what was the inner meaning of these words. Although I have read somewhat extensively the history of that period, I have not been able to satisfy myself what was the peculiar object which the framers of the constitution had in their minds. Many have suggested -it has been suggested on the floor of this House more than once-that this clause of the Act meant that Parliament should create an independent body, say a c m-mission of judges, to make after every census the apportionment of the representation between the different provinces. Although this opinion has been expressed more than once on the floor of this House, up to the present time neither one party nor the other has been willing to part with the authority that is vested in this Parliament. Neither one party nor the other has been willing to transfer to any other hands than its own the duty and responsibility which devolve upon Parliament after all to determine what shall be the representation in this House.
We have had, since Confederation, four Redistribution Bills; this is the fifth. The three first were made under the auspices of the Conservative party, and the fourth was made under the regime of the Liberal party. Since my right hon. friend has adopted the principle which we laid down ourselves in 1903, I am anxious, at the present time, to avoid anything contentious; but I think I may say without any recrimination that, as a matter of history the three first redistributions, that of 1872, that of 1882 and
that of 1892, which were carried out by the Conservative party, failed to give satisfaction to the minority, and I think I am justified in saying that in many instances they failed to give satisfaction even to the whole of the Conservative party. The method which was followed was to bring in a Bill which was cut and dried and in the preparation of which the minority, tlie Opposition in this House, had no voice. They had nothing to do but offer criticism or approval; they were not allowed any voice whatever in the preparation of the measure.
When we came into office it became our duty in 1903, after the census of 1901 to provide for a redistribution of the representation. We thought it preferable to introduce a new system, and we presented a Bill with a schedule in blank, leaving to a Committee of the House the full work of preparing the map which it is the duty of Parliament to prepare. The committee was composed of seven members, and on that occasion, as on the present and similar occasions, of course, the majority must have the deciding voice. No one can object to that; it is a part of our parliamentary system. The system will work well if the majority on the committee will be guided, not by a desire to have an advantage over the minority, but simply by the principles of equity, justice and fair play. I am aware that in the committee which was appointed in 1903, there were sometimes very severe cleavages of opinion and some very hot discussions; but I think I can claim, to the credit of the committee, that when its report was presented to the House it was, after all, in the main, accepted as fair. So far as my recollection serves me, and I think I am right in what I now state, there were only two dispositions of the report which were very severely criticised. One was the disposition which had been made for the representation of the county of Hastings and the other was the disposition which had been made for the representation of the county of Waterloo. There was an animated discussion on the floor of this House. It was then my duty, my privilege and my responsibility to be the Prime Minister, and while I was not perfectly satisfied that the objections were well taken, I thought that it was better to err upon the side of generosity, and we accepted the views of the minority and amended the Bill accordingly. I think I can say-and I am in the judgment of the House in this-that from the day on which His Excellency the Governor General of that time gave his assent to that Bill down
to the present, there has been no serious criticism-indeed, no criticism at all-as to the fairness of the redistribution of 1903.
The same duties are now confronting the committee who are going to be appointed. 1 have every confidence that, following the precedent which was laid down then, they also will be guided by the spirit of fair play, justice and equity as between party and party. I know that upon the members of the majority of the committee there will always be, as there has been in the past, severe pressure, not so much from within this House as from outside of this House, perhaps, to have the scales weighted on the side of the majority rather than on the side of the minority. That is nothing but natural; but, I believe that events have justified our expectations, and that nothing is to be gained except by the application of the principles ot justice and fair play in the preparation of a Bill such as that we have now in hand.
In the work which is to be accomplished by the committee, I might say a word as to the principles which should guide it. My right hon. friend, in introducing the Bill, insisted upon the position which I have taken, both in opposition and in office, as to the guiding principle which, in my judgment, should be dominant; that is, the equalization of population as between constituency and constituency. My right hon. friend quoted some words which I uttered in 1892, when the Bill of that year was before Parliament, as follows:
But I fully recognize that in such a measure the guiding principle should he as far as possible to equalize the population in all the constituencies.
I have nothing to retract of those words. Nay, more, I am sorry that my right hon. friend did not quote to the House what I said further on that occasion, because I reproached the Administration that whilst laying down a principle they were not acting in accordance with that principle. This is what I said:
The hon. gentleman stated, also speaking in answer to myself, that he could not accept the proposal we had made for a conference, because he said I had laid down a principle which was an obnoxious one, and to which he could not agree; the principle, as he stated, I think, that the redistribution should take place so as not to disturb the equilibrium of parties. It may be, Sir, that my language was not sufficiently guarded ; but I certainly meant to say that in a redistribution measure the equilibrium of par-, ties should not be disturbed at the expense of one party by giving an unfair advantage to the other. So far I meant to express myself, and no further. But I fully recognize that in such a measure, the guiding principle should be as
far as possible to equalize the population in all the constituencies. This is the principle that was stated as the guiding principle of this measure in the speech in which the hon. member introduced it; yet this principle is not to be found anywhere in the four corners of the Bill.
I have nothing to retract from what I said there. That was the principle, which, when afterwards loaded with the responsibility of office, I endeavoured to carry out, and that is the principle which, as in 1892 and 1903 I affirm to-day. There is another principle of almost equal importance, and that is regard for the compactness of the constituency, and, as far as possible, for the county unit. Under our system, the county is the unit of population, so far as public life is concerned. Let me repeat: the county and the municipal organization in this country is the unit of population in so far as the public life of the country is concerned. The county is the basis of our judicial system; it is the basis of our municipal system; and our municipal system and our judicial system are in turn the bases of our public life, our political life, I may say our national life. The selectmen in every county have to meet several times a year for-the discharge of their judicial functions as jurors and their municipal functions as municipal councillors, and at these meetings they prepare themselves for the public life of the country. They discuss not only the matters pertaining to their Judicial or municipal functions, but naturally the larger questions which concern national problems. It is evident that this predisposes men to proper and safe judgment upon all matters of public interest. It seems to me obvious that if you interfere with the lines of the county unit, separate those who meet periodically for the discharge of their municipal and other duties, and provide that they shall only meet once in four or five years to decide on political questions, you detract from, rather than add to, their appreciation of public questions.
These views have been put before Parliament more than once since Confederation by the most eminent men we have had in this House. Mr. Blake made them the subject of many a pronouncement, and Mr. Dalton McCarthy, who was an authority upon such matters, not only spoke many times on the question, but moved the following resolution in which was embodied the principle which I now contend for:
That the distribution of seats of the members of this House should, so far as practicable, be based on equality of population, due regard being had to the community of interests existing in localities, a full and fair expression of public opinion and the permanence and stability of constituencies.
That the most effectual way of accomplishing these ends is to assume county and city boundaries as the natural limits of electoral districts, with equitable divisions thereof constituted with compactness as regards geographical position, and based on well-known existing areas where the population entitles the city or county to two or more representatives.
I am aware that the principles which 1 lay down cannot be applied mathematically. In the equalization of population it is not possible to have arithmetically the same number of people in each constituency. I am well aware also that you cannot with absolute rigour maintain the municipal boundaries; but I submit to the House that while it would be pedantic to assert that these principles have to be applied without any exception whatever, still reason and commonsense can be made to prevail. There are few rules to which there is not an exception; but the principles I now lay down ought to be the guiding principles for the committee in the discharge of the duty with which we now entrust them.
I am aware also that it has been stated in the press and in this House that our practice has not been in conformity with our precept in this regard. I have heard it stated that on more than one occasion we ourselves departed from the principles I have just laid down. I have heard it stated on the floor of the House that in the Bill of 1903 we departed from the principle of county boundaries in the case of Lavaltrie, Caughnawaga, Lacolle, Notre Dame de . Stanbridge, Notre Dame des Anges, St. Pie, St. Marcel. It is true that in the Act of 1903 the parish of Lavaltrie was taken from L'Assomption and placed in Berthier. It is true also that the village of Caughnawaga was transferred from the county of Chateau-guay to the county of Laprairie; that the parish of Lacolle was transferred from Mis-sisquoi to St. John-Iberville; that the parishes of Notre Dame de Stanbridge and Notre Dame des Anges were transferred from the county of St. John to Missisquoi; that the parish of St. Pie was transferred from Rouville to Bagot, and that the parish of St. Marcel was transferred from Bagot to Richelieu. But I say now that the transferring of these different parishes from one county to another county in 1903, far from being a departure from the county unit, was, on the contrary, in absolute conformity to the principle of the county unit, because these parishes, by the redistribution of 1892, had been transferred from the county to which they belonged to another county.
I should say here that our county organization in Quebec goes back to the year 1833. With a few exceptions which have taken place since it was constituted in the year 1853 by the Act 16 Victoria. By the Act of 1892 the parish of La-valtrie was taken from the county of Ber-their and placed in the county of L'Assomp-tion, with which it had not connection whatever. Lavaltrie continued to belong to the county of Berthier for municipal purposes,, for judicial purposes, and for electoral purposes, so far as the Quebec legislature was concerned. So that after 1892 the parish of Lavaltrie voted in the provincial elections in the county of Bel'thier and in the Dominion elections in the county of L'Assomption. In 1911 we brought back Lavaltrie to the county of Berthier, where it belonged. The same thing happened with the village of Caughnawaga. This village, by the Act of 1853, which is reproduced in the consolidated statutes of Lower Canada of 1861 was in the county of Laprairie, and in 1892 it was placed in the county of Chateauguay. In 1903 we brought it back to the county of Laprairie, where it belonged.
The same thing happened with the town of Lacolle. Lacolle always belonged to the county of St. John. In 1892, it was taken from St. John to Missisquoi, and in 1903 we brought it back to St. John.
The same thing happened in the case of Notre Dame de Stanbridge and Notre Dame des Anges. They belonged to the county of Missisquoi and they were carried over to St. John in 1892. We brought them back in 1903 to Missisquoi. [DOT]
The most glaring case of all was the parish of St. Pie. From 1853 it had always belonged to the county of Bagot. In 1892 it was taken from Bagot and put into the county of Rouville, where it had no business at all. In 1902 we brought it back to Bagot again.
St. Marcel in 1892 was taken from the county of Kichlieu and put into the county of Bagot. In 1903 we brought it back into the county of Richelieu where it belonged.
The parishes of St. Guillaume d'Upton and St. Bonaventure d'Upton by the Act of 1903 were placed in the county of Yamaska, Up to that time St. Guillaume and St. Bonaventure had always belonged to the county of Drummond. Why did we place them in 1903 in the county of Yamaska, where they now belong? The reason is this. As far back as 1872 an Act was passed by the local legislature of Quebec to detach these parishes from the county of Drummond and district of Arthabaska, and to
annex them for all purposes whatsoever to the county of Yamaska. This is the disposition :
1. From and after the first day of January, 1S73, the parishes of St. Guillaume d'Upton and St. Bonaventure d'Upton shall be detached from the county of Drummond and district of Arthabaska, and shall be annexed to the county of Yamaska for all electoral, municipal, registra tation and other purposes.
Mark the purposes:
For all electoral, municipal, registration and other purposes.
From the first of January, 1873, the two parishes of St. Guillaume d'Uptoii and St. Bonaventure ceased to belong to the county of Drummond and were annexed to the county of Yamaska. From that time, these two parishes voted in the provincial elections in the county of Yamaska, and continued to vote in the Dominion elections in the counties of Drummond and Arthabaska. Following the principle of county unit, the legislature of Quebec having thought it proper to annex these two parishes to the county of Yamaska, to which they belonged geographically much more than to the county of Drummond, we thought it equally right that these two parishes should belong to the county of Yamaska also for federal purposes.
The parish of Ste. Flore has also been mentioned. As to this, I have not the same information, but I understand that the parish of Ste. Flore was in 1903 detached from the county of Champlain and put into the county of St. Maurice. I do not understand why it was in the county of Champlain, because the county of Champlain is bounded on the west by the river St. Maurice, and Ste. Flore is to the west of the river St. Maurice, so that between Champlain and Ste. Flore there is the river St. Maurice, and naturally, geographically and for the sake of compactness, Ste. Flore has belonged to the county of St. Maurice.
Topic: REPRESENTATION IN THE HOUSE OF COMMONS.
Louis-Philippe Pelletier (Postmaster General)
Mr. PELLETIER:
There was another parish left west of the river-St. Jean des Piles.
Wilfrid Laurier (Leader of the Official Opposition)
Sir WILFRID LAURIER:
I understand that. I have not been able to refresh my memory as to why that was done, although I know that it was done. I know that the committee made a suggestion which was corrected by the House, but, so far as I remember, Mr. Monk, who was a member of the committee, did not object at the time. I speak subject to correction, because I have not had an opportunity of looking again into this point.
We have endeavoured to follow the principle of county unit in every case. Of course, there may be exceptions to all rules. If there is such an exception, it is the only one on which I have been able to refresh my memory and, even if there is such an exception, it would only go to maintain the principle for which I have all along contended and for which I still contend, that we should always preserve the county unit.
The task of the committee is not an easy one. The committee will have these two principles to work upon: first, equalization of population between constituency and constituency, and, secondly, maintenance of county boundaries. I have no doubt whatever that occasions may arise when these two things may clash, and then the committee will have to come to some decision as to what to do under such circumstances. In the majority of cases, however, there ought to be no more difficulty in maintaining the principle in 1914 than there was in 1903.
There is another principle which must also be taken into consideration, and to which my right hon. friend alluded when he introduced this Bill, that is, that the unit of population cannot be the same in urban as in rural constituencies. It has always been admitted, in 1872, in 1882, in 1892, and in 1903-that the unit of population cannot be the same for cities as for rural constituencies. It is useless for me to dilate upon the reasons why this should be so, because the principle has always been admitted by both sides of the House. Therefore I am satisfied that, on this occasion as on previous occasions, the committee will have to adhere to that principle, and to say that in the cities the unit of population must be much larger than in rural constituencies. Without going into all the reasons, there is one supreme reason, namely, that in a country like Canada, where there is a very large territory with a sparse population, if you were to give the same unit of population to cities and counties, in rural constituencies you would have such a large area of territory as to be almost impossible to control or to cover. This is quite sufficient to justify the principle which has been adopted on every occasion on which we have had redistribution.
My right hon. friend, in this Bill, has refrained from making one provision, the absence of which seems to me a weakness in the Bill, and, I cannot but think, also a weakness on his part. He refused to
determine whether or not the Island of Prince Edward is to lose a member. He left that blank and referred it to the committee for determination. I have to represent to my right hon. friend that that is a matter upon which the committee cannot have any jurisdiction; it is a matter on which this House has no jurisdiction. Parliament in this matter is not a free agent; the whole question is simply a question of arithmetic. The very argument which my right hon. friend makes to-day in answer to the suggestion offered by my hon. friend from Pictou (Mr. Macdonald) is an answer for the action-or rather want of action-with regard to Prince Edward Island. The right hon. gentleman stated categorically that he would like to give more representation to Nova Scotia than is given under this Bill, and I have no doubt that he did spend many an hour trying to escape the neces- [DOT] sary result of the census, the loss on the part of Nova Scotia of two members. That is quite natural. I have had in my day the same problem to deal with; but we had to come to the conclusion that we had no discretion in this matter-that Parliament must simply carry out the constitution as it stands. But when my right hon. friend leaves it to the committee to determine whether or not Prince Edward Island shall lose one member, what will he say to my hon. friend from Pictou or any other member from Nova Scotia should he suggest that it be left to the committee to determine whether or not Nova Scotia shall lose two members? What will he say to a member from New Brunswick should he ask that the same privilege be accorded to that province? What would he say even to the great province of Ontario, which under this Bill must lose four members, should a representative of that province ask why Ontario should be treated differently from other provinces? I say in this matter jurisdiction is not with the Prime 4 p.m. Minister, nor myself, nor the Committee, nor even Parliament; it is a matter of the law and the constitution; the provision of that constitution must be maintained whatever the consequence. Therefore I regret that my right hon. friend has introduced in his Bill a principle-no, I cannot call it a *principle, but rather a vicious feature- which might land him in very serious difficulties were its necessary implications followed to their logical conclusion.
Having taken this exception to the pro-
visions of the Bill of my right hon. friend -and it is the only criticism I have to offer-I will submit just one suggestion upon which I believe we can find it more easy to agree, and that is that the committee should be composed, not of seven, but of nine members. Under former redistributions the West had not the importance that it has since taken on. We have two more provinces in Confederation than we had even in 1903. We have four natural units of population-the Maritime provinces, Quebec, Ontario and the provinces west of lake Superior. I would suggest, and I hope my right hon. friend will receive that suggestion favourably, that the committee should have nine members, >so that we on this side may have four, one from each of these great sections of our country.
Having said this much, I have nothing . to add at present. Of course, I am glad my right hon. friend has taken the course of referring this matter to a committee. The work, then, is no longer in his hands, or in mine, or even in those of the House. The committee will have to seek our ratification of their work. I have every hope that the two sides of the House will be able to reconcile their differences, and that all members will be inspired by the sincere desire to make this Bill what it ought to be, a law to carry out the spirit of our constitution, and that spirit is that our system of representation should be so framed that, as elections take place from time to time, the results may be, as far as possible, an accurate expression of the public mind at the time, regardless of who wins and who loses.
Edward Mortimer Macdonald
Mr. E. M. MACDONALD (Pictou):
think the importance of this measure warrants the attention of this House to a little greater degree than would be given if the present debate were to close at this juncture. My right hon. friend who leads the House has proposed, to submit to a committee the task of filling the schedule in the Bill which at present is blank. The task thus referred to the committee is one of very great responsibility, and involves the recognition of certain rights which it is well, I think, that the House should in some degree define before the committee enters upon its duties. My right hon. friend and leader has directed the attention of the Prime Minister to a very important provision in the enacting clauses of the Bill in regard to the province of Prince Edward Island, and the effect of
that provision upon other provinces which might be affected by the comparison of population provided for under section 51. Perhaps it would not be out of place -to look for a moment at what rights and powers Parliament has in this matter, and what special limitations are laid down in the British North America Act with regard to this whole question of representation. The first section to which I will refer is section 40, which begins as follows:
Until the Parliament of Canada otherwise provides, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, shall, for the purposes of the election of members to serve in the House of Commons, be divided into electoral districts as follows:
And the special electoral districts in Canada in 1867 are set ont in detail in the Bill. The - language of this section is important, because, unless there is some limiting clause to be found in sortie other portion of the Act, the phase 'until the Parliament of Canada otherwise provides' under the 'implied powers' principle in the interpretation of constitutional laws, means that the powers of Parliament would he enlarged, and would extend not merely to increasing and reducing representation in this House, but to dealing with cases where specific provinces that have not kept pace with the rest of the Dominion in the increase of population.
However, there" are other clauses which deal with this matter which must be looked at. If you come to section 52 of the British North America Act, a section which is but very seldom referred to in the consideration of this question, you will find that there is a certain limitation upon the general power given in section 40 in the following language:
The number of members of the House of Commons may be from time to time increased by the Parliament of Canada, provided the proportionate representation of the provinces prescribed by this Act is not thereby disturbed.
Interpreting that section, it will be found that in addition to section 40 there is this limitation, that Parliament can increase the total of its representation if you have regard to the proportions provided in section 51 of the Act; but it cannot decrease the total number of that representation by any special Act of Parliament unless that decrease is brought about as a result of the application of section 51 of the Act. The power, therefore, to increase the total representation of this Parliament exists in Parliament; but the power to decrease that total representation does not exist unless
it is worked out as a result of the application of section 51.
We come now to section 51 of the Act, which is the governing clause so far as the right of Parliament to deal with this question is concerned, having regard, to the general provisions of section 40, and we must move within, and can only move within, the power conferred and the limitations laid down under that particular section. One does not need to refer to this sub-clause of the Bill, you have the number for Quebec fixed at 65, and thereby determine the electoral unit for the whole Dominion. You ascertain what the representation of each province in the Dominion is by dividing that electoral unit into the population of the respective provinces. When you come to subsection 4 of the Bill, you come to the saving clause which is intended to prevent the loss of representation by the application of the electoral unit to the population of each province; and unless you can work out under the provisions of subsection 4 of section 51 of this Bill some right by which the provinces of Ontario, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island on this occasion will be saved the loss of their representation, it is impossible for a committee of this House or this Parliament, as a matter of law, to give to any one of those provinces any more representation than what you can obtain by working out this plan. If the right does not exist under subsection 4, it is not of much use for the right hon. gentleman to submit a Bill in blank and send it to a committee and ask it to be filled in, because the action of the committee would be wholly illegal and improper.	So would the action of this
Parliament if we undertook to give to Prince Edward Island or to any other province a greater number of members than the number ascertained by the application of that section. I say that with the greatest possible regret, for the reason that I am convinced that a province like Prince Edward Island, maintaining its individual entity as a province, with all the paraphernalia of government which attaches to a province, occupying the insular position which it does, having its peculiar rights on account of that peculiar position, would naturally ask for some recognition of its peculiar rights in the parliaments of the Confederation. But if we can find no power to give to that province the representation which it now enjoys, it is impossible for us to give it to that province in 54
any other way. That this has been recognized by Parliament in the past to be an absolute rule will be found in the Act of 1892, which was the last Act introduced by hon. gentlemen opposite when they had to do with the question of representation in this country; and if you look at the preamble of that Bill you will find a declaration made by Parliament that the question of representation of those provinces had been fixed and determined unalterably in the following language;
Whereas by the census of the year 1S91, and in accordance with the British North America Act, 1867, and certain other Acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and of the Parliament of Canada, the province of Manitoba is. by its present population entitled to seven members in the House of Commons, the province of Nova Scotia to twenty members, the province of New Brunswick to fourteen members, and the province of Prince Edward Island to five members respectively.
There you have the legislative declaration of the fact that the number of representatives of these provinces which then constituted the Confederation had been definitely and positively determined as the result of the then last census, and that it was not for Parliament to alter or to interfere with the result of the calculation. That was a legislative declaration made in an Act of Parliament in 1892 and it stands to-day as a matter of law and constitutional practice and of right, as positive and certain as it did at that time. So I submit it is impossible for us, much as we regret it, to consider under the law the possibility of filling in the words of this Bill so far as the province of Prince Edward Island is concerned, with any larger numbers of members than what she may be entitled to under the provisions of section 51 of the British North America Act.
Frank Broadstreet Carvell
Mr. CARVELL:
You have as good a
right to make it six as four.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hello everyone, and Happy Easter Sunday! At least, I think it's 'happy'… This Hindu person isn't sure about the Jesus death-and-resurrection timeline.
Speaking of which, you may have noticed that The Sunday Social was missing last week, due to an unexpected hospital stay that lasted as long as Easter itself — before I go on, let me say that it wasn't life-threatening and the patient is doing better. Said patient wasn't me, but I was the plus-one who stayed in the hospital room tending to the patient's needs.
Our time in the hospital got me thinking of all the medical shows and hospital scenes from various K-dramas. The one that I recalled the most was Reply 1997's Shi-won (Jung Eun-ji) forcing patient Yoon-jae (Seo In-guk) to give up his hospital bed for her. However, I was mainly just jealous that Yoon-jae at least got a cot — I had to sleep on the cold floor with only a straw mat and blanket for protection.
Another drama I remembered was Joo Won-starrer Good Doctor, AKA the only decent medical K-drama I have ever seen. Yongpal, Doctor Stranger and Medical Top Team also sprung to mind, but the less said about them the better.
Readers, do you think Good Doctor is the best of its genre? What other medical K-dramas have you enjoyed? How about hospital scenes in other K-dramas — do you have any particular scenes that you absolutely love? Let me know in the comments below!


This course will introduce you to women's haircuts and hairdressing. You'll learn to cut and blow dry hair into three popular styles with a professional finish.
Selecting and using styling products to complement your finished look.
This course is a great starting point if you want to work as a hair stylist, run your own hairdressing business or go onto further training in this area. Ask your tutor about the other hair and beauty coursers we run to continue your learning.


I am getting error message when creating delivery for an order.
Error : No schedule lines due for delivery upto the selected date.
> I am getting error message when creating delivery for an order.
> Error : No schedule lines due for delivery upto the selected date.
Goto VA03 double click the line item.
Then go to schedule lines and check the date on which confirmed quantity is available.
If confirmed quantity is not available goto MB1C or MIGO and post the move require stock into required palnt and storage locations.
If it is available make it sure that while creating The delivery VL01n you put the date on which quantity is available any date before taht would throw this error message.
2. There should not be a delivery block.
Please check in the sales order whether the schedule line has current or older delivery date. If the date is a future date, you cannot create the delivery.


I am a High School student interested in the field of engineering, specifically in either hardware or the software field. I have been learning Binary and calculating numbers using logic gates, I am in the process of building a 4-bit adder. Only dealing with numbers up to 30 (1111, and 1111). Once I heard that there was a system, (Kenbak-1) that would calculate numbers up to 377 and could store the data in cells I was very happy. Also, I was extremely pleased to learn that it used RAM and other components that my 4-bit adder would not include. This would be a wonderful learning experience. I was wondering if you had anymore kits left that I would be able to purchase.
I do not know if Grant Stockly is the only Administrator. I would want anyone whom knows of a kit I could purchase that would great! Thank you!


Typical male ......no hang ups. I am not one to get attached or pushy. I am looking for little fun and enjoyment. I hoping that the other party is looking for the same.
People who are non judgemental and looking for some casual fun. A mutual understanding that all is casual and for fun.................lets just enjoy ourselves.


Like millions of former English majors working in borderline abusive secretarial jobs, I have written a book. It has not been published, which is pretty much the same as having not written anything at all.
There's this book I'm meant to write. I've known it since before the other. And yet it is hard to ratchet up whatever it is that it's going to take to write what's next.
It is challenging to write a follow-up to something that has never been read.
So in the large scheme of things like God and Franzen, it is relatively unimportant that there's this Jackie book I'm meant to write. And it's fairly inconsequential that this is THE Jackie book and that I really really don't want to write it because it is an inferno of impossibles.
Because biography done well is a whole hard world of difficult and I'm not ready to fling myself in the abyss just yet.
These are all things I should have considered before mentioning this Jackie book to a fellow biographer; before casually tossing it out over the humus plate in the simple hope of garnering that amorphous credibility that comes from the respect writers have for one another's as-yet-unexecuted Great Ideas.
It is a great idea so I was stupid not to have foreseen the explosion of enthusiasm its revelation would trigger. I should have anticipated the overpowering gung-ho.
1. It involves a language I do not speak.
2. It involves money I do not have.
3. It involves sources that do not exist.
Never mind that the few sources that do exist appear to be systematically dying as I approach them.
There's an Elvis song entitled "It's Impossible." The actual opening lyric is "It's impossible to tell the sun to leave the sky." My family bastardized this line into the distinctly different yet equally truthy observation that "it's impossible to stick a piano up your nose," the sentiment that perhaps most accurately captures my feelings towards this project.
This Jackie book? It is a piano up my nose.
I do not say any of this to the fellow biographer when, three months later, she returns to the subject of the dreaded Jackie book. I do not tell her it's a piano up my nose. Instead I nod and smile as she says Jackie book's time has come. That it is a story that MUST be told. NOW.
It could be a documentary! A mini-series! A Sophia Coppola-directed feature film!
The fellow biographer tells me this and only then does she avert her gaze toward her falafel and drop the bomb for which I have been waiting all this time.
That it would be better were I an academic or an older, previously published white man (sadly, I am neither), Because there is no funding for girls like us.
A sentence that, just hearing it spoken, I know is going to be hell on earth to repeat to my parents.
When I do, a full week and a half later, my mother says- her voice fraught with the hope that her daughter is the reasonable, financially cautious young woman she was raised to be and an inkling that she probably isn't-Well, maybe someday you can really do it, but the timing's just all bad right now, right?
And I couldn't help but laugh. Because though I'm a woman of few philosophies, the one I've held most dear is that one must imagine somewhat more boldly than may be socially acceptable and that when things are at their most inconvenient and impossible, that's when they'd really best be done.
Which is essentially what the biographer meant when she said, We're story-tellers and, really, nothing else matters when you've a story to tell.
So maybe this is it. Maybe Jackie's time has come and it will be the year that- without French or funding and with sources dying right and left- I finally try to tell this story that all the older, previously published white men have inexplicably overlooked. This story that— I am quite sure— was left behind just for me.
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Green lifts in the DomusLift range are energy efficient and provide reduced energy consumption in line with IGV Group environmentally friendly vision.
DomusLift energy efficient lifts are easy to install and suitable for small spaces. Our green elevators easily connect to any 230 V mains supply and energy consumption is like a standard domestic appliance.
In standby, our green lifts reduce energy consumption close to zero (0.031 kW), while keeping maximum performance.
DomusLift green lifts are energy efficient and connect to a standard 230 V power outlet.
The required voltage is about 1.2 kW.
Energy saving means reduced energy consumption, thanks to both versions of our DomusLift small lifts. The electric model with inverter operated gearless motor or the hydraulic model, with green oil.
Energy efficiency and maximum comfort: silent travel and extreme levelling accuracy thanks to state-of-the-art gearless motor.
LED light technology for the car lighting, which allows additional energy saving compared to traditional systems.
Energy saving DomusLift elevators can be powered by any source of renewable energy, such as sunlight and wind.
DomusLift lifting platforms and small lifts allow to reduce energy consumption with customised and environmentally friendly solutions.


Chic by Choice provides women luxury designer dresses and gowns for hire - at an affordable price. We are a one-of-a-kind hire destination that allows women to access the most breathtaking designer dresses, straight from the catwalks, at 85% off retail price. We believe in a globally accessible style experience: to more than 15 European markets, including the major fashion centres of the UK, France, Italy and Germany, and offering a selection of more than 40 designers.


Merry Christmas Eve Eve! Lacey asked me to put up our favorite Christmas marquee sign to make sure Santa doesn't forget our house. She's hoping for a new squeaky tennis ball because you never can have too many tennis balls to hide under every piece of furniture in the house.


Having a great bedroom definitely improves our quality of life and rest times. After all, our day begins and ends in the bedroom, hence it's a space that will have a big influence on our mood. Why not make sure it has something that stands out? That's why, in today's article, we've decided to present some great tips and ideas to make your room the most fantastic place in the house! Stay with us and view our inspiring collections, in this idea ultimate book of bedrooms.
For a modern take on suites, we suggest you open a bathroom window into the bedroom, creating a connection between the rooms and creating light from one side to the other permanently!
Turn your bedroom into a suite, with only a basin and a mirror. There's nothing like leaving the room with your face already washed and airy in the morning! It's also a great idea for those who have a habit of watching television in bed until late at night. No need to go walking around the house waking everyone else up. Simply brush your teeth and off to bed. Easy and efficient!
For a small apartment where it is necessary to share the living room and bedroom, you can either choose to present as an open living room that contains a bed, or a bedroom which also has extra living room features (similar to a large hotel suite.) This way, you'll save money on dividers and make a very modern open plan styled room.
Do you have a drummer son? Is your husband crazy about surfing? Or does your wife love to paint? Well: make these hobbies the decor of the room! Using all these elements we can personalise the space whilst at the same time saving storage space! Click on this link for more great bedroom examples that cannot fail to inspire!
How about adding some easy decorative features with bedside lamps that are quite original? Instead of the traditional table lamps, you can opt for ceiling lamps that hang over the bedside tables, giving the same point of illumination. The concept is always to have the tops of the bedside tables free for other objects. Another idea is to dispense with the bedside tables, occupying your space with floor lamps!
You can create a tropical environment in your room through textiles and patterns that bring a theme to life by changing the colours in the room. However, there's nothing like a hanging net and some lush green plants to give that feeling of waking up in a tropical paradise! The net or tulle, (reminiscent of mosquito nets,) gives a magical touch, while natural greenery brings the necessary freshness of the wild outdoors into your room.
A good decorator will be invaluable in making your bedroom a total success!
Make the most of the vertical space of the room with the installation of shelves that give clever extra storage points. This neat touch adds to the decoration of the room too!
Speaking of ceilings, we suggest you give bring to life! Yes, just like the Leonardo Da Vinci, why not think about painting them in an unusual way, or applying a layer of wallpaper, or even commissioning an artist to create a personalised montage?


Extra-Life is fast approaching and as always Sanctuary is right on board ready to play games to raise money for sick kids.
As with any team you can sign up and support a hospital near you so you don't have to worry about being tied to a particular hospital.
You can stream yourself (if you leave your details in a post below we'll update this one) or you're welcome to join Auroris and Kle as they take a leisurely approach to their 24 hours over two days.
Not able to play but still want to support us? Well we're taking a leaf from other teams and offering anyone who donates $10 or more to one of our team members a Sanctuary tee. If that isn't an incentive to help the kids we don't know what is.
Be sure to check out the current team members and help them on their way (as well as seeing what random stretch goals they have).


text:
Doan breaks barriers on BSP board
Oct 8, 2019 | News, Sista i Shine | 0
JENNIFER Kalpokas Doan is the first female and independent Ni-Vanuatu to be on the Bank South Pacific Vanuatu Ltd board. This was announced last week by BSP chairman Sir Kostas Constantinou. Kolpokas Doan is from Lelepa Island, North Efate, Vanuatu. She is a qualified and experienced policy adviser, who holds a bachelor of arts in political science and international relations and masters in public administration.
She worked as a public servant, and then as a senior programme manager at the Australian high commission in Vanuatu for over 11 years before taking on the role of deputy team leader for the balance of power programme in Port Vila, Vanuatu. The Reserve Bank of Vanuatu has consented to the appointment of Kalpokas Doan.
Sir Kostas welcomed the appointment noting that this continued the bank's philosophy of promoting inclusive female participation in its senior management as well as director's roles. Sir Kostas said he was confident that Kalpokas Doan would contribute positively to the board's performance. He said the group board had the opportunity to meet with Kalpokas Doan when she was in PNG to attend the group board meeting in Madang as an observer and the bank also sponsored her participation in the company directors' course in Port Moresby facilitated by the Australian Institute of Company Directors.
Kalpokas Doan said she was honoured to take on the role and be part of the board.
SOURCE: The National
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text:
Director of Family Ministries
Foundry United Methodist Church
Executive, Director, Management
Director of Family Ministries 1 Position Description Director of Family Ministries Foundry United Methodist Church Reports to: Executive Director of Programs and Justice Directly Supervises: Childcare Staff Status: Full-Time Salary Range: $67k - $75k DOE + Extensive Benefit Package The Director of Family Ministries is a vital member of the staff of Foundry United Methodist Church, a large downtown Washington DC church whose diverse, ecumenical congregation and tradition of leadership in the community date to 1814. The Director of Family Ministries shares Foundry's core values, among them a belief in Christ and His teachings, the commandment to serve others and to act and speak for the powerless, a compelling desire for diversity and full inclusion of all God's children in the life of the church, and the critical nature of curiosity and intellectual honesty as we discern God's path for us. The Director of Family Ministries is responsible for developing, energizing, and maintaining a vibrant system for supporting Foundry's children, youth and families in their faith journeys from infancy through adulthood. The Director, utilizing a collaborative style, works with and relies on teams of volunteers to carry out a vision and program that provide a firm foundation for the growth of children and youth in Christian faith, engages them in learning the stories of the Bible, gives them practice in worship, mission, and service, and seeks to strengthen family relationships. Throughout these ministries, the Director and volunteer ministry teams will strive to create an atmosphere of enthusiasm and fun that attracts and retains children and youth as they encounter a wide variety of challenging learning experiences. Essential Functions - Envisioning, creating, and implementing a system of generational ministries for children, youth and families that gains the support of the congregation. - Collaborates with staff and laity ministry teams to strengthen the Scope of Work for Family Ministries - Enlisting, equipping, training and empowering volunteer ministry teams to staff ministry areas for children, ministries for youth, and ministries for families, encouraging each of the ministry teams to be open to innovative ideas for change and improvement. - Collaborating with church staff and lay leaders to ensure that children, youth and family ministries are fully integrated into the life of the church. - Continuing and strengthening existing ministries for children, including but not limited to Children's Choir, Sunday School, Bible Sunday, Community Christmas Festival, Christmas Pageant, and the Community Easter Egg Hunt. - Continuing and strengthening existing ministries for Youth, including but not limited to Sunday Morning Youth Leaders, Confirmation, Youth Ministry, Fundraising, Lock-Ins, Monthly Gatherings, Mission Leaders, Scholarships and Youth Sunday. - Developing and strengthening community partnerships to collaborate on Family Ministries programs, missions, and ministries. - Creating and developing a vision for supporting families, as well as continuing and strengthening existing programs to engage and support families, including providing a Nursery/Toddler Room, conducting a Family Camp, and holding Parent Sessions on a variety of topics relevant to families. - Employing curricula for the children, youth, and family ministries that encompass a full range of learning and experiences from cradle to college, coupled with a robust system for identifying, enlisting, orienting, and training teachers. - Engaging with the Worship Pastor to strengthen the monthly Children's Church as a forum for preparing children for the adult worship experience and nurture children in worship roles. - Overseeing all aspects of Safe Sanctuary implementation, including communications, training, background checks, and maintenance of records and files. - Establishing and maintaining connections with associated ministries at the district and conference levels, as well as collaborating with nearby United Methodist local churches such as Asbury UMC to share program opportunities. - Actively engaging lay leaders and a wide range of members throughout the congregation in order to share the scope, value, and opportunities for service in children, youth, and family opportunities, while at the same time gaining knowledge of the congregation and its gifts Core Competencies - Attention to Detail: o Consistently attends to the many small pieces which must be assembled into an organized whole; o Manages the Family Ministries budget, follow up on missing or out of balance items o Resolves unanswered questions needed to address a problem o Keeps the larger picture in mind while tending to the smallest of details. o Maintains data integrity and responsibility for all Family Ministries participants in church database, updates as necessary o Provides data and support for Charge Conference, statistical and other reports, as required - Aesthetic Awareness: o Demonstrates a natural awareness about the effective organization of space for different purposes o Possesses a natural orientation towards cleanliness and orderliness of space o Appreciates the value of and need for sacred space and how to physically tend to it - Interpersonal Skills: o Displays a level of maturity which will ensure that appropriate boundaries are in place and that he/she will adhere to principles of staff covenant with specific attention to honoring privacy, and confidentiality of both staff and congregation, and abiding by Safe Sanctuary policies as applicable and necessary. o Exemplifies a commitment to diversity and inclusion in all areas of the workplace. o Demonstrates a positive, engaging, and respectful attitude at all times. o Demonstrates a willingness to accept additional responsibilities and duties. o Leadership skills with a knack for enlisting, developing, and inspiring volunteer ministry teams and an ability to collaborate effectively with others on the staff and in the congregation. o Ability to communicate with, and relate to, diverse groups and individuals, coupled with the ability to show interest and empathy. - Mission Ownership: o Demonstrates understanding and full support of the ministry, mission, goals and Statement of Call of Foundry United Methodist Church. o Attends staff meetings, retreats, etc. o Establishes and maintain appropriate connections with other churches, etc. o Participates in pastoral care as part of the clergy/care ministry team o Ability to craft and communicate a vision for children, youth, and family ministries within the overall mission and vision for Foundry Church. oA broad knowledge of developments in the field of children, youth and family ministries and an ability to integrate new concepts, as appropriate into Foundry's programs. o Proven leadership and experience in growing children and youth ministries in church or other organizational setting. - Organization Skills: o Demonstrate the ability to: Focus, prioritize, schedule and manage multiple projects and tasks using tools such as BaseCamp, MailChimp, Outlook, and Planning Center Online Develop and complete short-term and long-term goals and action plans that are aligned with overall goals of the church. Meet commitments on time Communicates effectively in written and spoken communication using MailChimp and other approved forms of social media as required (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Slack, website) - Project Management o Identifies key objectives and scope of a proposed project o Garners needed resources and project support o Develops a realistic and thorough plan for achieving key objectives o Keeps team members briefed on progress o Implements action plans and communicates progress to direct report and key leaders - Spiritual Maturity o Demonstrative maturity, including acceptance of responsibility, openness to criticism, and an ability to defuse through personal example. o Recognizes the importance of, and practices, maintaining healthy personal and professional boundaries, accepting full responsibility for one's own work, understanding its limits, and avoiding interference in the work of others. o Maintains a healthy work/life balance, giving appropriate attention to personal development, self-care and enjoying a sabbath day for rest and reflection. o Attentive to personal spiritual development, discipline and growth. Models and encourages spiritual growth and discipleship in others. Interested applicants must submit a cover letter with resume to
Project Director, Organizational Capacity Building
Up to $80,000 per year
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Save Events Manager
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Executive Nonprofit jobs in Washington D.C.
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"If you ever find yourself in a Disney movie and someone or something starts being mysteriously surrounded by lime green, stay away from the thing. Everything lime green is evil."
Whoa! Does that mean Cersei has transformed into a Disney villainess?
We started taking a closer look at Cersei, and we couldn't help but see SO MANY similarities between her and Disney's evil queens and witches.
1. Just look at Cersei and Maleficent side by side. LIME GREEN TO THE MAX.
4. And remember who Cersei fears most: the "younger and more beautiful queen."
When she was a child, Cersei forced Maggy the Frog to predict her future, and the witch described the person who would be Cersei's downfall.
Does that sound familiar? It should. The reason that the Evil Queen tried to kill Snow White was because she couldn't deal with being replaced as the kingdom's most beautiful woman.
5. Every good villain needs a minion, right?
Cersei has a magical sidekick in Qyburn, who uses dark magic to resurrect The Mountain. And Qyburn looks an awful lot like Maleficent's sidekick, Diablo, who can turn into a raven.
6. Speaking of The Mountain, there's no Disney villainess who has a giant braindead sidekick who carries her everywhere, right?
Oh, right. How could we forget about Kronk?