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Case Analysis of the Case of Kihoto Hollohon
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Shri Kihota Hollohon v. Mr.
Zachilhu and others: A Case Comment 1
Part I: Background and Introduction to Case
The Constitution of India is primarily a social document with a political philosophy
intended to bring about great changes in the socio-economic structure and to achieve the
goals of national unity and stability. It derives its force from the people and has at its base
a value system. Its preamble speaks of the sovereignty of people, democratic polity,
justice, liberty, equality and fraternity assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity
and integrity of the nation.1 The preamble is a modified version of the objectives
resolution of Jawaharlal Nehru which served as the foundation in the making of the
constitution. The resolution was deeply rooted in the history of our movement of
independence led by leaders who were committed to certain ideals and to their fulfillment
through fair and proper means. They were the main architect of the basic law and they
cautioned that it would not work unless its execution was entrusted to persons of caliber,
character and integrity, and unless healthy conventions were developed to cover
situations which cannot be provided for by precise formulae. They thus valued human
element in the working of the constitution, and hoped that the country would produce
such persons in abundance, and that good sense and wisdom would pervade the
functioning of political institutions.2
After the commencement of the constitution, however, it did not take long for political
functionaries to belie largely the hopes of the framers. Especially after the departure of
Nehru, the country witnessed a sharp decline in political morality and propriety and a
phenomenal growth of political corruption of varied type. The worst form of corruption
that emerged on a massive scale on the Indian Political Scene was defection of legislators
wither individually or in groups. The unprincipled floor crossing was nothing but a
betrayal of the electorate and undermining of the political organs of the state. The lust for
power, position and money was obviously behind such defections. The present day
political process is closely linked with socio-economic and cultural processes. Perversion
of the former has a devastating impact on the latter. This is what the politics of defection
did. It was therefore widely condemned and attempts were made to eradicate this evil by
Granville Austin: The Indian Constitution: Cornerstone of a Nation (1966)
Speech of Dr. Rajendra Prasad in the Constituent Assembly, Constituent Assembly Debates, Vols. X-XII
at 933-94
Shri Kihota Hollohon v. Mr. Zachilhu and others: A Case Comment 2
law but in vain in terms of the Constitutional amendment bills 1973 and 1978. In early
1985, however, the government initiative having the support of the opposition worked
and Parliament enacted in record time the Constitution (Fifty-Second Amendment) Act
outlawing defections to save the foundations of our nascent democracy and the principles
that sustain it.3
In the petitions heard together in the case of Kihota Hollohon v. Zachilhu and others4,
hereinafter referred to as the case, the Constitutional validity of the Tenth Schedule
introduced by the Constitution (Fifty Second Amendment) Act, 1985, was challenged.
These cases were brought amongst a batch of Writ Petitions, Transfer Petitions, Civil
Appeals, Special Leave Petitions and other similar and connected matters raising
common questions which were all heard together. The Constitution (Fifty-second
Amendment) Act changed four articles of the Constitution, viz. 101(3)(a), 102(2), 190(3)
(a) and 191(2) and added tenth schedule thereto. This Amendment is often referred to as
Anti-Defection Law.
The constitutionality of the Anti-Defection Law has been upheld by the Hon'ble Supreme
Court in a 3:2 decision in the case. The majority consisted of M.N. Venkatachaliah, K.J.
Reddy, and S.C. Agrawal, Jj. and the minority was consisted by L.M. Sharma and J.S.
Verma, Jj. At the same time as upholding the Constitutional validity of the Anti-
Defection law the court has rules that the speaker's orders under the law disqualifying a
member of the legislature on the ground of defection is subject to judicial review.
Some of the most eminent lawyers of the country were the counsels in the case and thus
the arguments and contentions are evidently crafted with utmost proficiency. The same
have been dealt with by the respective Hon'ble judges in a detailed manner, however,
leaving aside some contentions which may not have been required with view of reaching
the conclusions.
The endeavor in the making of this project is to give a commentary on the views as
expressed by the Hon'ble judges of the Supreme Court in the case and therefore in the
following chapters the ruling has been scrutinized, criticized and observed. The chapters
Statement of Objects and Reasons appended to the Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Bill, 1985
(Bill No. 22 of 1985) cited from http://indiacode.nic.in/coiweb/amend/amend52.htm
AIR 1993 SC 412
consist of the various contentions raised and urged in the case and contain a commentary
upon the majority and minority judgments on them respectively.
Part II: Violation of the Basic Structure
The contentions raised and urged in terms of the violation of the basic structure are:
1. Fundamental Principles of Parliamentary Democracy,
2. Freedom of Speech and
3. The right to dissent and the freedom of conscience.
The basic underlying contention is that every parliamentarian must have the right to
follow his own spirit and sense of judgment and not necessarily with the policy of his
political party. This according to the petitioners is deemed to be a fundamental principle
of parliamentary democracy, freedom of speech and the right to dissent and the freedom
of conscience. The learned counsels referred to several authorities to stress upon the
same. In words of Edmund Burke:
".... Your representative owes you, not his industry only, but his judgment; and he
betrays, instead of serving you, if he sacrifices it to your opinion."5
In response to this the question deliberated upon by the court is that under such
Constitutional scheme would there be any immunity from the political evil of the act of
defection in lure of office and money inducement? Deliberating upon the same hon'ble
Justice Venkatachaliah has expressed that in such areas of experimental legislation what
is constitutionally valid and what is constitutionally invalid is marked by a 'hazy gray
line' and thus there is no litmus test of constitutionality. The majority then went on to
decide in favor of the Constitutional validity saying that the Constitution is flexible to
provide for the compulsions of the changing times, that the freedom of speech of a
member is not an absolute freedom and also that the political party functions on the
strength of shared beliefs, it being the cost of the label of the party under which the
representative has been elected that he must not vote against it.
The right of a parliamentarian is indeed not an absolute right and is thus subject to
reasonable restrictions. The right of a parliamentarian to the freedom of speech is
provided for under the Article 105(2). This as contended by Shri Sharma, arguing on the
side of the petitioners, is places even above the fundamental right as guaranteed under the
Article 19(1)(a) of the Constitution. However there are limitations that can be imposed
MANU/SC/0101/1993 para 14
upon the right.6 The abstention of such right as a result of the disqualification is a
reasonable restriction in interest of public morality. A restriction on their conscience
franchise or abstention is reasonable in the interest of public morality. 7 Morality is
conformity to ideals of right human conduct.8 Such a conduct is in the public interest and
public interest requires that delegates, elected by people because they follow a particular
political philosophy must vacate such office on renouncing that philosophy.
A suggestion to the fact that the immunities as under the Article 105(2) are not absolute
in nature is that the National Commission for review of the Constitution in its report9
submitted in 2002 has in fact recommended that Article 105(2) ought to be amended:
"5.15.6. The Commission recommends that Article 105(2) may be amended to clarify
that the immunity enjoyed by the Members of Parliament under parliamentary
privileges does not cover corrupt acts committed by them in connection with their
duties in the House or otherwise. Article 194 (2) may also be similarly amended in
relation to the Members of State Legislatures."
Political defections in lure of power and money inducements is also clearly a corrupt
practice, therefore not falling within the immunity granted to a member of the house.
Another contention raised by counsel for petitioners, Shri Ram Jethmalani is that the
distinction between 'defection' and 'split' in the Tenth Schedule is so thin and artificial
that the differences on which the distinction rests is indeed an outrageous defiance of
logic. Appreciating the argument of the counsel the Court has opined that the rule for
exemption of split is justified in terms that as much as 1/3rd members at the same time
cannot be driven dishonest intentions. In words of hon'ble Justice Venkatachaliah:
"The underlying premise in declaring an individual act of defection as forbidden is
that lure of office or money could be presumed to have prevailed. Legislature has
made this presumption on its own perception and assessment of the extant standards
Justice P.K. Balasubramanyan, Parliamentary Privilege: Complementary Role of the Institutions, (2006) 2
SCC (Jour) 1
Mian Bashir Ahmed v. State of J&K, AIR 1982 J&K p.26
Webster, New Colegiate Dictionary 742 (Indian edn. 1983) cited from J. K. Mittal, Anti-Defection Act:
Comment on its Constitutionality (1987) 3 SCC (Jour) 25`at 28
Report of the National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution (Vol. I, March 2002) p.
of political proprieties and morality. At the same time legislature envisaged the need
to provide for such "floor-crosssing" on the basis of honest dissent. That a particular
course of conduct commended itself to a number of elected representatives might, in
itself, lend credence and reassurance to a presumption of bona fides. The
presumptive impropriety of motives progressively weakens according as the numbers
sharing the action and there is nothing capricious and arbitrary in this legislative
perception of the distinction between 'defection' and 'split'."10
However, the arguments of the counsel sound more convincing than the ruling given by
the court. These provisions give blanket exemption to splits and mergers and frustrate the
very purpose of Anti-Defection law. They are dangerous as their abuse can be easily
done. They are totally ill-conceived in view of what has happened in the recent past, and
illogical because under the Act, the greater the sin, the greater is the immunity. In many a
case defections are effected by groups-big and small. It would not be difficult to stage
splits and mergers for ulterior motives. In opinion of H.M. Seervai:
" …if a small number of MPs desert their party they become defectors; but if a large
number of members defect their party this grand scale desertion ceases to be
desertion. But ordinarily governments are not toppled by a small number of
defections but by a large number of members of a party leaving it and/or going over
to the party to which they have been opposed. This is the evil which must be
eradicated in out country. For in India it is very rare for the members of a party to
leave it because of a conscientious change in opinion. Defections in India usually
take place because political interests are sold for money or for promise of
ministership or public office, and the defector may defect again for some more money
or promise of some more ministership or public office. In short it is odious form of
political corruption".11
It is amazing that law punishes small fry but not hawks. The classification into
individuals and groups has no intelligible differentia having a rational relation with the
object of the law, and is, therefore unconstitutional in view of Article 14 and void. The
Act outlaws defection by individual members but shuts eye to defections in garb of splits
supra note 5 at 1832
and mergers of groups of members. The classification is prima facie irrational; it is
undemocratic and ill-conceived.12
The minority judges held that there is a violation of the basic feature of the Constitution
as the Constitutional scheme for decisions on questions on disqualification of members
after being duly elected, contemplates adjudication of such disputes by an independent
authority outside the House, namely President/Governor in accordance with the opinion
of the Election Commission all of which are higher Constitutional functionaries.
The Election Commission having a similar opinion as that of the minority judges in the
present case suggested in recommendations made in 1977 that as in the case of other
disqualifications referred to in articles 102 and 191 of the constitution, the
disqualification on grounds of defection could also be referred to the Election
Commission for tendering opinion to the President or the Governor, as the case may be,
and the President or the Governor shall act on such opinion tendered by the Election
Commission.13
J. K. Mittal, Anti-Defection Act: Comment on its Constitutionality (1987) 3 SCC (Jour) 25 at 29
P. C. Jain, Chawla's Elections Law and Practice (Bahri Brothers, Delhi, 8th edn. 2004) p. 1.704
Part III: Ratification required under Article 368(2) and
applicability of Doctrine of Severability
The second major contention raised by the petitioners is that paragraph 7 in terms and in
effect brings about a change in the operation and effect of Articles 136, 226 and 227 thus
attracting the clause (2) of the Article 368 requiring ratification. The court subscribing to
it has opined that the words of the paragraph 7 are of wide import and leave no
constructional options. The same idea is reinforced by looking into the history of the
defection law and the debates in the house which suggests that paragraph 7 was
introduced with the very purpose of barring jurisdiction. The court has differentiated the
present case from the cases of Shankari Prasad Singh Deo v. Union of India and State of
bihar14 and Sajjan Singh v. State of Rajasthan15 that were relied upon to urge that there is
no attraction to the clause (2) of the Article 368 by stating:
"The propositions that fell for consideration in Sankari Prasad Singh's and Sajjan
Singh's cases are indeed different. There the jurisdiction and power of the Courts
under Articles 136 and 226 were not sought to be taken away nor was there any
change brought about in those provisions either "in terms or in effect", since the very
rights which could be adjudicated under and enforced by the Courts were themselves
taken away by the Constitution. The result was that there was no area for the
jurisdiction of the Courts to operate upon. Matters are entirely different in the
context of Paragraph 7."16
Therefore it was by majority held that the amendment in terms and in effect brings about
a change in the operation and effect of the Articles 136 and 226 and thus requires
ratification under the clause (2) of the Article 368.
The minority has reached to a similar conclusion by applying a similar logic to the cases
Sankari Prasad and Sajjan Singh. In view of the minority there two classes of cases, one
with the abridgement or extinction of the right and the second one with the restriction on
1952 SCR 89
MANU/SC/0052/1964
remedy for the enforcement of right. The two cases belong to the former category and the
present case falls in the latter category where the right still exists but at the same time the
remedy has been destroyed. This result in changes made to the Articles 136, 226 and 227
thus attracting clause (2) Article 368.
The argument, as raised by Shri Sibal that a provision which seeks to exclude the
jurisdiction of the court must be strictly construed and thus the para 7 bars the
interference of the court only in terms of interlocutory intervention does not hold as such
construction in the present case is not possible. Such a construction is not possible as the
intention of the legislature in introducing the para 7 of the Tenth Schedule is very clear
that is to completely oust the power of the court to interfere in the decision making
process of the speaker and in light of the para 6 giving finality to the speaker's decision
even after the decision has been made.
The next question in consideration before the majority and minority, after having decided
unanimously that the para 7 requires ratification and thus stands constitutionally invalid is
that whether the Tenth Schedule severed from the para 7 stands constitutionally valid or
In opinion of the minority the effect of the absence of ratification is such that the
Constitution would not stand amended. In words of hon'nble Justice J. S. Verma:
"..the Bills governed by the proviso cannot be presented to the President for his
assent without the prior ratification by the specified number of State Legislatures or
in other words, such ratification is a part of the special procedure or a condition
precedent to presentation of the Bill governed by the proviso to the President for his
assent. It logically follows that the consequence of the Constitution standing amended
in accordance with the terms of the Bill on assent by the President, which is the
substantive part of Article 368, results only when the Bill has been presented to the
President for his assent in conformity with the special procedure after performance
of the conditions precedent, namely, passing of the Bill by each House by the
requisite majority in the case of all Bills; and in the case of Bills governed by the
proviso, after the Bill has been passed by the requisite majority in each House and it
has also been ratified by the Legislature of not less than one-half of the States."
Shri Kihota Hollohon v. Mr. Zachilhu and others: A Case Comment 10
Doctrine of Severability:
It was held in the case of R.M.D. Chamarbaugwalla v. Union of India,17 the Hon'ble
Supreme Court has observed:
"When a legislature whose authority is subject to limitations aforesaid enacts a law
which is wholly in excess of its powers, it is entirely void and must be completely
ignored. But where the legislation falls in part within the area allotted to it and in
part outside it, it is undoubtedly void as to the latter; but does it on that: account
become necessarily void in its entirety? The answer to this question must depend on
whether what is valid could be separated from what is invalid, and that is a question
which has to be decided by the court on a consideration of the provisions of the Act."
The doctrine of severability has been applied by the Supreme Court in several landmark
cases striking down the offending part of the amendment and upholding the rest. 18
However, the question that comes into picture and the one that is addressed by the
majority in the present case is whether there is anything compelling in the proviso to the
Article 368(2) requiring it to be construed in such a manner as to exclude the doctrine of
severability?
The court responding to this has asserted that as a settled principle of statutory
construction a proviso can have no repercussion on the interpretation of the main
enactment.
The general rule as has been stated by Hidayatullah, J., in the following words:
"As a general rule, a proviso is added to an enactment to qualify or create an
exception as to what is in the enactment, and ordinarily, a proviso is not interpreted
as to stating a general rule."19
1957 SCR 930 at 940
Sri Kesavananda Bharti Sripadagalavaru v. State of Kerala, 1973 Supp. SCR 1; Minerva Mills Ltd. and
Ors. v. Union of India and Ors., MANU/SC/0075/1980; P. Sambhamurthy and Ors. etc v. State of Andhra
Pradesh and Anr. MANU/SC/0103/1987
Shah Bhojraj Kuverji Oil Mills and Ginning factory v. Subash Chandra Yograj Sinha, AIR 1961 SC
1596 at 1690 cited from Justice G. P. Singh, Principles of Statutory Interpretations( Wadhwa and
Company, Nagpur, fifth edn. 1992) p. 133
Except as to the cases dealt with by it, a proviso has no repercussion on the interpretation
of the enacting portion of the section so as to exclude something by implication which is
embraced by clear words in the enactment.20
In West Durby Union v. Metropolitan Life Assurance Co.21 Lord Watson said:
"I am perfectly clear that if the language of an enacting part of the statute does not
contain the provisions which are said to occur in it, you cannot derive these
provisions by any sort of implication from the proviso."
Thus the proviso as to the Article 368(2) cannot be construed in manner that it does not
allow the applicability of the Doctrine of severability.
It was thus held by majority:
"That there is nothing in the said proviso to Article 368(2) which detracts from the
severability of a provision on account of the inclusion of which the Bill containing the
Amendment requires ratification from the rest of the provisions of such Bill which do
not attract and require such ratification. Having regard to the mandatory language
of Article 368(2) that "thereupon the Constitution shall stand amended" the
operation of the proviso should not be extended to Constitutional amendments in a
Bill which can stand by themselves without such ratification. , accordingly, the
Constitution (52nd Amendment) Act, 1985, in so far as it seeks to introduce the Tenth
Schedule in the Constitution of India, to the extent of its provisions which are
amenable to the legal-sovereign of the amending process of the Union Parliament
cannot be overborne by the proviso which cannot operate in that area……….the
remaining provisions of the Tenth Schedule can and do stand independently of
Paragraph 7 and are complete in themselves workable and are not truncated by the
excision of Paragraph 7."
The view of the minority however stands to the contrary. As has already been stated that
the minority held that the Constitution has not been amended prima facie and thus stands
as it was before the Constitution (Fifty second amendment) Act 1985. According to the
Madras & Southern Maharatta Rly. Co. Ltd. v. Bezwada Municipality, AIR 1944 PC 71 at p. 73; CIT,
Mysore etc. v. Indo Mercantile bank Ltd. AIR 1959 SC 713 at p. 718 cited from Justice G. P. Singh,
Principles of Statutory Interpretations( Wadhwa and Company, Nagpur, fifth edn. 1992) p. 133
[1897] A.C. 647 at p.652 cited from S. G. G. Edgar, Craies on Statute Law, (Universal Publishing house,
New Delhi, seventh edn, 2002) p. 218
minority there is no question of the applicability of the doctrine of severability as it
cannot be applied to a 'still born' legislation. The minority also adduced that para 7, in
light of the developments that resulted in the enactment of the amendment was supposed
to be an integral part of the amendment and thus cannot be severed from the rest of the
Tenth Schedule.
Part IV: Restriction on Judicial Review
Another major contention on part of the petitioners is that the 'finality clause' as under
the para 6 of the Tenth Schedule excludes the court's jurisdiction rendering the speaker
immune from Judicial Review.
In India the position is such that whatever authority decides disputes must be vested with
judicial authority. In the present case too the power to decide disputed disqualification
under para 6(1) is preeminently a judicial complexion. The majority in the present case
has held that the Speaker/chairman under the para 6(1) of the Tenth Schedule is Tribunal
and that the finality clause does not oust the jurisdiction of the courts under Arts. 136,
226 and 227 but only limits it.
In words of Hon'ble Justice Venkatachaliah:
"The finality clause in paragraph 6 does not completely exclude the jurisdiction of
the courts under Articles 136, 226 and 227 of the Constitution. But it does have the
effect of limiting the scope of the jurisdiction. The principle that is applied by the
courts is that in spite of a finality clause it is open to the court to examine whether the
action of the authority under challenge is ultra vires the powers conferred on the said
authority. Such an action can be ultra vires for the reason that it is in contravention
of a mandatory provision of the law conferring on the authority the power to take
such an action. It will also be ultra vires the powers conferred on the authority if it is
vitiated by mala fides or is colourable exercise of power based on extraneous and
irrelevant considerations."22
It was thus held that the para 6 of the Tenth Schedule does not introduce a non-justiciable
area. The power to resolve the disputes of the Speaker/Chairman is a judicial power. The
important construction is that of the 'finality clause' which paved a way for the majority
to reach the judgment.
In view of the judgment and the various authorities provided to arrive upon the same, it
can be said that when under a statute an authority is give judicial power its power extends
only to the framework provided for within the statute and the authority simply following
the provisions has the power to decide. His decisions have 'finality' if they fall within the
purview of the provisions. To that extent the power of the courts of Judicial Review
would be restricted. However, if the decision is illogical in the terms of the provisions or
is mala fide then the same would be beyond the ambit of the judicial power granted to the
authority and would be subject to jurisdiction of the appropriate court. Thus even if the
jurisdiction of the civil courts is ousted, they have jurisdiction to examine the cases where
the provisions of the Act and rules framed there under have not been observed and order
made by the authority is purported order23 or the statutory authority has not acted in
conformity with the fundamental principles of natural justice24 or the decision is based on
no evidence.25 The reason is that the order cannot be said to be 'under the act'26 and as
such jurisdiction of civil courts is not ousted.
In Radha Krishnan v. Ludhiana Municipality,27 the Supreme Court observed:
"A suit in Civil Court will always lie to question the order of a tribunal created by
statute, even if its order is, expressly or by necessary implication, made final, if the
said tribunal abuses its power or does not act under the provisions of the Act"
Another contention raised before the court was that there is a violation of the basic
feature as independent adjudicatory machinery for resolution of electoral disputes is an
essential incident of democracy. The majority and minority have differed at this point
with the majority asserting that there is no violation of basic feature of Constitution
keeping in mind the pivotal position of the Speaker in a Parliamentary Democracy. The
Minority has asserted that there is a violation of the basic structure on clear and
Union of India v. Tarachand Gupta, AIR 1971 SC 1958 cited from J. J. R. Upadhaya, Administrative
Law(Central Law Agency, Allahabad, 4th edn. 2001) p. 361
Srinivas v. State of A.P., AIR 1971 SC 71; Chandra Shekhar v. Bar Council of India, Rajasthan, AIR
1983 SC 1012 cited from J. J. R. Upadhaya, Administrative Law(Central Law Agency, Allahabad, 4th edn.
2001) p. 361
Kaushaliya Devi v. Bachittar Singh, AIR 1960 SC 1168 cited from J. J. R. Upadhaya, Administrative
Dhula Bhai v. State of M.P., AIR 1969 SC 78 cited from J. J. R. Upadhaya, Administrative Law(Central
Law Agency, Allahabad, 4th edn. 2001) p. 361
AIR 1963 SC 1547
unambiguous terms as there is no independent body to adjudicate over an electoral
dispute. The majority has extolled the position of a Speaker and thus rather
unconvincingly tried to justify its view saying that there is no violation of the basic
structure of the Constitution.
Part V: Subsequent developments and Conclusion
The purpose underlying the Anti-Defection Law is to curb defections, at the same time
not to come in the way of democratic realignment of parties in the House by merger of
two or more party's or a split in a party. The Anti-Defection law when passed was a bold
step in the Indian scenario but now with the passage of time certain loop holes seem to
have emerged in the law much compromising in its effectiveness. The truth of the matter
is that the law has not been able to prevent defections in Toto.
While individual defections may have been discouraged, mass defections lie beyond the
pale of law. Another difficulty in the implementation of the law is that often the speakers
have not always exercised their power to determine whether a person is liable for the act
of defection. He reason for this malady was rightly diagnosed by the minority Judges in
the case (Kihota) that the speaker depends continuously on the majority support of the
house, therefore if a member defects from a smaller party to a bigger party, the Speaker
belongs to the bigger party, an impartial adjudication on the defecting members'
ddisqualification becomes extremely improbable. There has been a suspicion in the
public mind that the power is at times exercised by the Speaker keeping in mind the
political expediency. The majority judges placed the Speaker on a high pedestal but that
does not really accord with the real facts of the political life of India.
Recently the Supreme Court has considered a very important question.28 A person set up
by a political party as a candidate gets elected to the house of Legislature and thereafter
expelled by the party for any reason. He thus becomes an 'unattached' member. I
thereafter he joins another political party, will he incur disqualification under the Tenth
Schedule. The Supreme Court has answered the question in affirmative. The same
yardstick is to be applied to a person who has independently been elected.
It seems like the Anti-defection law has stirred up more controversies than it has been
able to solve. For example, the Meghalaya Speaker suspended the voting rights of five
independent members before the house was due to take up no confidence motion against
the government. Later the speaker dismissed the voting rights of another five members of
the opposition parties, ignoring the stay order as passed by the Supreme Court.
G. Vishwanathan v. Speaker, T.N. Legislative Assembly, AIR 1996 SC 1060
Defections have become an endemic in Goa so much so that the Speaker Barbosa himself
led a group of seven legislators going out of the ruling party so as to himself become the
Chief Minister of the state. Thus the speaker himself had defected.29
The unsavory incidents that have occurred in the wake of the Anti defection law show
that there is a need to review the law as there are several lacunae in it. While there is a
need to have a law to root out the malady of political defections from the Indian polity,
there is also a need to endure that the question of disqualification is decided objectively,
without any political considerations. It should be clearly laid down that the decision
maker would be subject to the ultimate control of the Supreme Court. Law must be made
certain in a lot more areas.
Another important question to decide is whether the power to disqualify should continue
to rest in the speakers who have in the past abused the same, thus defying the heavy
reliance of the majority Judges in the case. In terms of the situation faced on the present
day the decision making authority should be placed as was suggested by the minority
Judges, in favor of the basic structure of the Constitution in some independent body.
Some sort of Judicial review is also called for the decision making process because it has
been proved in many circumstances again and again a speaker is more of a political
creature.
It is also being argued that the law which has succeeded in preventing individual
defections must also prevent mass defections. The role of the speaker also has to be
called in question. As mentioned in the minority view in Kihota Hollohon, the speaker
depends for his tenure on the majority in the legislature. He does not satisfy the
requirement of an 'individual adjudicatory body'. Subsequent event in the various
legislatures have proved these assertions of the minority judges right. The high ethical
standard which was setup by the majority judges in the case is seldom reached by the
Speakers in India.
This situation can be rectified and the Anti-Defection law made more effective, if
adjudicatory function is rested in the Election Commission. On the lines of Articles 102
and 192, the president in case of the parliament and the governor in the case of state
M.P. Jain, Indian Constitutional Law( Wadhwa publishers, Nagpur, 5th edn. 2005) p. 46
legislature, may refer the matter to the Election Commission. This seems to be the only
way to avoid the politically motivated decisions of the speakers.
If the present system is to continue then the Supreme Court has to assume much broader
power in terms of judicial review over the Speaker's decision under the Anti-defection
law that what the Supreme Court is prepared to do at present under the formulation in
Kihota Hollohon.
One aspect of the Anti-defection law needs to be pointed out. Before the commencement
of the Tenth schedule a 'political party' was never recognized under the Constitution but
now their existence is acknowledged under the Anti-defection law.
Séparation des pouvoirs
Loi constitutionnelle
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That is not to say that individuals aren't still enterprise more sizeable renovations. The truth is, there's extra remodeling going on, simply because owners are content to stay put reasonably than upgrading into a more moderen dwelling every few years. How can the mullion add value to your house? Keep in mind, value is at all times derived by supply and demand. What when you could increase the variety of potential consumers in your home? In lots of cases, the upper variety of buyers or interested parties, often the upper market value. The best way to increase your profits is take care of your curb enchantment. And mullions in your substitute windows could also be the most effective funding.
Unique Design & Décor has made up the principle of being probably the most trusted and favourite brand. Your entire course of is usually faster than a home fairness mortgage or HELOC; it sometimes takes about 7 days. In some circumstances, it might take longer, depending on what we need from you. You possibly can full all the process from the comfort of your house, or even on your cellphone!
Whereas it is true that some DIY tasks (corresponding to portray ) will be performed by many novices, some undertakings can really cost you more money than should you have been to hire an expert to do the work. Plus, there are certain jobs that may just be too harmful to do without assistance from an skilled professional. So before you seize a hammer and table noticed, it's essential weigh the true prices of that supposedly low cost DIY mission.


text:
MarBEF Data System
ERMS taxon details
Cirolanidae Dana, 1852
Multicrustacea
Eumalacostraca
Peracarida
Cymothoida
Cymothooidea
Cirolanidae
Typetaxon
Cirolana Leach, 1818 (type by original designation)
Cymothooidea Leach, 1814
Genus Cirolana Leach, 1818
Genus Conilera Leach, 1818
Genus Eurydice Leach, 1815
Genus Faucheria Dollfus & Viré, 1905
Genus Metacirolana Kussakin, 1979
Genus Natatolana Bruce, 1981
Genus Politolana Bruce, 1981
Genus Saharolana Monod, 1930
Boyko, C.B.; Bruce, N.L.; Hadfield, K.A.; Merrin, K.L.; Ota, Y.; Poore, G.C.B.; Taiti, S.; Schotte, M.; Wilson, G.D.F. (Eds) (2008 onwards). World Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Isopod Crustaceans database. Cirolanidae Dana, 1852. Accessed through: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2019) European Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marbef.org/data./aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=118273 on 2020-01-23
Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2020). European Register of Marine Species. Cirolanidae Dana, 1852. Accessed at: http://www.marbef.org/data../aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=118273 on 2020-01-23
van der Land, Jacob
Schotte, Marilyn
Bruce, Niel L.
Haskins, Tina
Boyko, Christopher B.
taxonomy source Bruce, N. L. (1986) Cirolanidae (Crustacea: Isopoda) of Australia. Records of the Australian Museum Supplement 6: 1-239. [details]
taxonomy source Brusca, R. C., Wetzer, R. and France, S. C. (1995) Cirolanidae, Crustacea: Isopoda: Flabellifera of the tropical eastern Pacific. Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History 30: 1-96. [details]
basis of record van der Land, J. (2001). Isopoda - excluding Epicaridea, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 315-321 (look up in RoR) [details]
additional source Martin, J.W., & Davis, G.E. (2001). An updated classification of the recent Crustacea. Science Series, 39. Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County. Los Angeles, CA (USA). 124 pp. (look up in RoR) [details] Available for editors
additional source Brandt, A.; Poore, G. C. B. (2003). Higher classification of the flabelliferan and related Isopoda based on a reappraisal of relationships. Invertebrate Systematics. 17: 893-923. [details]
additional source Schotte, M.; Kensley, B. F.; Shilling, S. (1995 onwards). World list of Marine, Freshwater and Terrestrial Crustacea Isopoda. National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution: Washington D.C., USA - no longer online. [website archived on 2018-01-25]. [details]
[show lower level...]
To Genbank
Web site hosted and maintained by Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) - Contact

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Nick Cole: "Shopper marketing is really about how you influence customers' behaviour, consumers' behaviour, turning browsers into buyers. So it's about the type of messages that you use, not actually how they look. So, for example, if you're selling something like chocolate it's not just about telling someone it's great chocolate. You might say it's 400 calories. You've earned your reward by saving 10% on your shopping. So it's understanding why people buy chocolate. It might be reward. It might be something for the kids. There might be a piece historically that's been in the newspaper that says it's actually good for you now. It's having a campaign that's related not just to the product. It's actually what is in the psyche of the shopper.
I think the reality of shopper marketing is about understanding a) the product you're trying to sell and b) the consumers, and all consumers aren't the same, so, without being too much of a marketing geek, segmentation targeting and positioning is very much about finding your product, finding out who you're trying to sell it to and having personalised messages to the right segment that you're trying to actually offer that product to, then understanding their buying signals and their buying influences, and creating a marketing message that actually plays on those."
Nick Cole: "By and large, people have got less money to spend, so the reality is there is less, less people shopping regularly and they've got less money to spend, so the decisions that they have to make in store are harder for the consumer to make.
The reality is obviously the product and the offer needs to be right, but the way in which it's communicated needs to be very, very clear and concise. I think it needs to represent, particularly in retail and particularly in the large grocers, real value to the end user, so they need to be able to visualise the value to them, be it in it's either the cheapest or it's a better brand at an appropriate price."
Nick Cole: "For us it's very much about personalisation and more targeted POS, so, for example, we're working with one of our large customers at the moment on geographical POS, so there'd be different dynamics in different parts of the country and there'll be different POS for different parts of the country that we targeted at the consumers that live and work in those parts of the country. So the reality is we're using data, we're using more considered thinking, we're printing in a much more personalised and bespoke manner, but still managing the campaign as a whole."
Nick Cole: "Consumer attitudes have changed but the reality is actually they're all different, so in different segments of the market the attitudes are actually changing – some more positively, some more negatively. Everybody's a little bit more choosy. Everyone makes more considered decisions than they did in the past, so therefore the marketing messages they see in store and out of store need to be targeted more personally at them. People have become much more considered to bland marketing messages that don't mean anything specifically to them."
Nick Cole: "Some of the research that we've seen, actually online and above the line advertising, is actually quite disconnected with some of the things that we see in store, so what we do is work with some of our customers to try and encourage them to a) connect that together but I think a lot of the consumers nowadays it's about price point and what value they are seeing from the offer or the brand that they're looking at. So although they are influenced by a lot above the line, there is an enormous amount of influence on in store purchasing and those decisions are still made a lot in store."
Nick Cole: "The greatest change has been over the last two or three years where people are actually closing shops down, so the number of retail outlets particularly on the high street is becoming less. Out of town has become less common to certainly invest in, and people are trying to sell more things in smaller amounts of spaces."


text:
THIRTEEN's Presents Christine Lahti as Gloria Steinem Gloria: A Life
Suzanna Bowling
Great Performances presents the intimate theatrical production Gloria: A Life about Gloria Steinem, one of the most inspiring women of the feminist movement, premiering nationwide on Friday, June 26 at 9 p.m. on PBS (check local listings), pbs.org/gperf and the PBS Video app. Fifty years after Gloria Steinem began advocating for women's equality and championing the equality rights of others, her vision remains highly relevant. Starring Academy, Emmy and Golden Globe Award winner Christine Lahti ("Evil," "A Beautiful Day in the Neighborhood," "Chicago Hope") as Steinem, the play features an all-women cast playing both male and female roles. Act one focuses on Steinem's life and path to activism. Act two consists of a "talking circle" with the audience to discuss the play's themes, moderated by Gloria Steinem herself. This unique theatrical format offers a forum for Steinem's philosophy on the necessity of conversation as a catalyst for change.
Great Performances – Gloria: A Life is written by Tony Award nominee Emily Mann (Best Direction of a Play, Having Our Say), directed for the stage by Tony Award winner Diane Paulus (Best Direction of a Musical, Pippin) and produced by Pulitzer Prize- and 10-time Tony-winning producer Daryl Roth (Kinky Boots, Indecent, Angels in America).
"Gloria Steinem saved my life in the early 70s. She helped give me feminism, which became a life jacket for me to navigate through a world that didn't like or respect women very much. It was one of the greatest honors of my life to play her in Gloria: A Life. I feel it's illuminating, for young people especially, to see how someone like Gloria who was 'unwoke' until she was 35—and survived a difficult childhood with a mother who she felt didn't matter—could become a world leader who has dedicated herself to making sure all women matter. If she can do it, anyone can do it! This play also teaches us how many extraordinary black women were responsible in teaching Gloria about feminism; and that second wave feminism was NOT primarily founded by white women. In addition, it explores how much feminism can help men free themselves from the straight jacket of patriarchal masculinity. Her story is inspiring, complex and completely relatable. And as Gloria stated early on in the development of this play, if the first act is going to be about her, then the second act has to be about the audience. The talking circle that is the second act of Gloria: A Life is equally as moving as people tell their own stories. As Gloria always says, there is healing in the telling."
Notable Talent
Christine Lahti, stars as Gloria Steinem, Academy Award-winning director of short film "Lieberman in Love," Oscar-nominated for her role in "Swing Shift," two-time Golden Globe-winner for her roles in "No Place Like Home" and "Chicago Hope," Emmy Award-winning actor for her role in "Chicago Hope," actor in Broadway's "Present Laughter" and "God of Carnage"
Diane Paulus, stage director of "Gloria: A Life," Tony Award-winning director of the 2013 revival of "Pippin," Tony nominated for her direction of the 2009 revival of "Hair," director of Broadway's "Waitress"
Emily Mann, playwright, artistic director and longtime resident playwright of the McCarter Theatre Center, Tony Award winner for Outstanding Regional Theater and inductee to the American Theater Hall Fame
Daryl Roth, producer of "Gloria: A Life," 10-time Tony-winning producer of numerous plays and musicals including "Angels in America," "Kinky Boots," "Hello, Dolly!" and more
David Horn, television director of "Gloria: A Life," executive producer of Great Performances
Noteworthy Facts
"Gloria: A Life" originally ran October 1, 2018-March 31, 2019 at the Daryl Roth Theater in New York City.
Great Performances – Gloria: A Life is staged in-the-round to heighten the intimacy and personal connection between the actors and audience.
March 31, 2019 was declared Gloria Steinem Day by the New York City Mayor's Office.
Short TV Listing
Experience a unique interpretation of Gloria Steinem's life starring Emmy winner Christine Lahti.
Long TV Listing
Experience a unique interpretation of feminist icon Gloria Steinem's life told by an all-female cast starring Emmy Award winner Christine Lahti and directed Tony Award winner Diane Paulus.
Throughout its more than 40-year history on PBS, Great Performances has provided viewers across the country with an unparalleled showcase of the best in all genres of the performing arts, serving as America's most prestigious and enduring broadcaster of cultural programming. The series is available for streaming simultaneously on all station-branded PBS platforms, including PBS.org and the PBS Video app, which is available on iOS, Android, Roku, Apple TV, Amazon Fire TV and Chromecast. PBS station members can view episodes via Passport (contact your local PBS station for details).
Great Performances – Gloria: A Lifeis a production of THIRTEEN Productions LLC for WNET in association with Daryl Roth Productions. Directed for television by David Horn. Mitch Owgang is producer. Great Performances is produced by THIRTEEN Productions LLC for WNET. Bill O'Donnell is series producer and David Horn is executive producer.
Major funding for Gloria: A Life is provided by the Ford Foundation. Major funding for Great Performances is provided by The Joseph and Robert Cornell Memorial Foundation, the Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Arts Fund, the Irene Diamond Fund, Rosalind P. Walter, the LuEsther T. Mertz Charitable Trust, The Starr Foundation, the Kate W. Cassidy Foundation, the Thea Petschek Iervolino Foundation, Seton J. Melvin, The Phillip and Janice Levin Foundation and PBS.
http://www.pbs.org/gperf, http://www.facebook.com/GreatPerformances, @GPerfPBS #GreatPerformancesPBS
Related ItemsChristine LahtiDaryl RothDiane PaulusEmily MannGloria SteinemGloria: A LifeNewTHIRTEEN
Suzanna, co-owns and publishes the newspaper Times Square Chronicles or T2C. At one point a working actress, she has performed in numerous productions in film, TV, cabaret, opera and theatre. She has performed at The New Orleans Jazz festival, The United Nations and Carnegie Hall. She has a screenplay and a TV show in the works, which she developed with her mentor and friend the late Arthur Herzog. She is a proud member of the Drama Desk and the Outer Critics Circle and was a nominator. Email: suzanna@t2conline.com
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text:
Which US State Works Out The Most?
By Gianni Jaccoma Published On 05/27/2015
@gjaccoma
By Gianni Jaccoma @gjaccoma Published On 05/27/2015
Flickr/Chris Hunkeler
Anyone who's ever forced themselves out of bed for a pre-dawn run knows how hard it is to get a workout in these days. That said, some states' citizens are more successful at overcoming the snooze button than others, and a new data analysis by the Wall Street Journal gives us a clearer picture of who those frontrunners are (pun definitely intended).
The WSJ examined data from the 22 million users of Under Armour's MapMyFitness suite of mobile apps, which detailed each user's location, the time they spent exercising, and the style of exercise undertaken. Then they compiled that data into the handy infographic below, because that's what you do with data these days.
The result? Californians scored top marks, spending an average of 87.4 minutes working out each week, with Coloradans following close behind at 84.2 minutes, and Washingtonians closing out the top three at 82 minutes. On the opposite end of the spectrum, the Frank Underwood-types in the nation's capital spent a measly 43.2 minutes per week working out -- insert your political joke of choice here.
Science Insists Fast Food Is the Perfect Post-Workout Meal
The WSJ's data scrape also revealed that, with the exception of West Virginia, Nevada, and Arizona, running was overwhelmingly favored as the country's most popular exercise method -- check out the entire data set on the WSJ's interactive infographic.
Here's the full top 10:
1. California - 87.4
2. Colorado - 84.2
3. Washington - 82.0
4. Oregon - 79.5
5. Arizona - 79.0
6. Utah - 77.2
7. Minnesota - 75.3
8. Texas - 75.0
9. New Mexico - 73.2
10. Ohio - 72.1
Gianni Jaccoma is a staff writer for Thrillist, and he's constantly losing the snooze button battle. Follow his sleeping habits on Twitter @gjaccoma


Deborah Rubin Fields writes from Jerusalem, Israel. She lives in a country so steeped in mystery and history that she has even found fossils while walking her dog around the neighborhood. She is author of the tri-lingual (English, Hebrew and Arabic) book Take a Peek Inside: A Child's Guide to Radiology Exams.


text:
Svatý Odo z Cluny (* kolem roku 878 u Le Mans – 18. listopadu 942 v Tours) byl druhý opat benediktinského opatství Cluny. Byl iniciátorem clunyjské reformy klášterů. V roce 1407 byl svatořečen.

Církevně-politické okolnosti
Válečné výpady Saracénů na jihu a loupežné výpravy Vikingů na severu Evropy se dotýkaly také církevních institucí. Desetiletí strádání a nouze vedly k duchovnímu úpadku klášterů a hrozilo jejich zesvětštění. Clunyjské hnutí, které ovlivnilo celou Evropu, mělo vliv i na politické dění: mnoho papežů a biskupů šířilo reformní myšlenky založené na tezích Odona z Cluny, jenž měl až do sporů o investituru hrát významnou roli ve vzniklém sporu mezi papežskou a císařskou mocí.

Život
Odo byl nejprve panošem u dvora Viléma Akvitánského. Po svém vstupu do řádu svatého Benedikta roku 909 studoval v Tours a Paříži. Na kněze byl vysvěcen v benediktinském klášteře Baume-les-Messieurs.

Duchovní činnost
Roku 925 byl jmenován třetím opatem kláštera Aurillac, později však tento úřad přenechal svému koadjutorovi a následníkovi Arnulfovi.

Po smrti prvního opata Berna převzal Odo v roce 927 výhradní řízení kláštera založeného roku 909, nebo 910, který do té doby Berno vedl. Dbal na přísné dodržování řádových regulí, zavedl naprostou disciplinu, příkaz mlčení a velmi přísnou askezi. Odo přes odpor klášterních hodnostářů, avšak se souhlasem šlechty a Svatého stolce, dosáhl toho, že mnoho klášterů bylo podřízeno clunyskému opatství. Tím velmi vzrostl vliv reformních myšlenek.

Hudební činnost
Odo se vedle svých řádových povinností věnoval také hudbě, komponoval chorály a sepisoval hudebněteoretická pojednání, mj. Dialogus de musica, v němž zavádí dodnes platná písmena pro názvy tónů Euklidova diatonického tónového systému, které znal od Boethia.

Hagiografie
Odonův svátek je 18. listopadu, bývá znázorňován jako opat s knihou při službě chudým. Je patronem hudebníků. Je také vzýván v modlitbách za déšť a proti suchu.

Dílo
 Anne-Marie Bultot-Verleysen (vyd.): Vita sancti Geraldi Auriliacensis - Vita prolixior prima. Reihe: Subsidia Hagiographica No. 89, Édition critique, traduction française, introduction et commentaires; Société des Bollandistes, Bruxelles 1989, .
 Dialogus de musica. In: Gerbert Scriptores. I, S. 251–264.

Literatura
 Biographisch-Bibliographische Kirchenlexikon (BBKL), heslo Odo von Cluny, svazek  6, řádky 1114-1115, autor Klaus Guth, https://web.archive.org/web/20070626200756

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Odo z Cluny

Římskokatoličtí svatí
Francouzští opati
Francouzští benediktini
Francouzští hudební teoretici
Katoličtí teologové
Narození v 9. století
Úmrtí v roce 942
Muži
Francouzští svatí
Úmrtí v Tours
Narození v Le Mans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In a matter of minutes and without a single line of code, Zapier allows you to connect Webhooks by Zapier and Apify, with as many as 10 possible integrations. Are you ready to find your productivity superpowers?
It's easy to connect Webhooks by Zapier + Apify and requires absolutely zero coding experience—the only limit is your own imagination.


text:
Nick Mason to Release 'Live at the Roundhouse' Album
Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets, the group formed by the Pink Floyd drummer to spotlight the early days of his old band, will release Live at the Roundhouse on Sept. 18.
Comprised of 22 songs, the set captures their two-night stay in May 2019 at the Roundhouse, a venue in Camden Town, London, where Pink Floyd and the Soft Machine played a famous 1966 gig.
Mason performed the recent shows with Spandau Ballet guitarist Gary Kemp, former Floyd touring bassist Guy Pratt, guitarist Lee Harris and keyboardist Dom Beken.
Live at the Roundhouse, which can be pre-ordered at Mason's webstore, will be available as a double CD and DVD package, on two LPs and and as a Blu-ray. The video will also be shown in theaters in select cities around the world on March 10. The movie will be followed by a pre-recorded Q&A with Mason and the band. You can see the trailer, and a video performance of "Fearless," below. More information on the event can be found on its website.
Watch the Trailer for 'Live at the Roundhouse'
Mason and Saucerful of Secrets are preparing to embark on the More Games for May tour, named after a 1967 Pink Floyd show at London's Queen Elizabeth Hall. The shows will hit the U.K. and Europe first. A North American tour, their second after last year's trek, is expected to be announced soon.
The dates can be seen at Mason's website.
Watch Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets Perform 'Fearless'
Nick Mason's Saucerful of Secrets, 'Live at the Roundhouse' Track Listing
1. "Beginnings"
2. "Interstellar Overdrive"
3. "Astronomy Domine"
4. "Lucifer Sam"
5. "Fearless"
6. "Obscured by Clouds"
7. 'When You're In"
8. "Remember a Day"
9. "Arnold Layne"
10. "Vegetable Man"
11. "If"
12. "Atom Heart Mother"
13. "The Nile Song"
14. "Green Is the Colour"
15. "Let There Be More Light"
16. "Childhood's End"
17. "Set the Controls for the Heart of the Sun"
18. "See Emily Play"
19. "Bike"
20. "One of These Days"
21. "A Saucerful of Secrets"
22. "Point Me at the Sky"
Pink Floyd Albums Ranked
Next: When Pink Floyd Soundtracked the Moon Landing
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text:
Private transfer Villamartin - Valencia Airport VLC
From Valencia Airport we offer you your own tailor made private airport transfer to the beautiful costal resort of Villamartin.
Villamartin is one of the many new developments in the past decade in this area of Costa Blanca. The area is very popular with tourists and most of the population consists of Western European expatriate communities who have settled there in the last 10 years, virtually transforming the village into a modern-looking town. There are also other golf courses nearby and numerous beaches. The nearest beach is La Zenia beach.
Villamartin is situated on the Costa Blanca in the municipality of Orihuela and the province of Alicante. It is one hours drive south of the Alicante airport and a twenty-minute drive north of the Murcia airport.
The construction of Villamartin started in 1972 and the area has now evolved into a cosmopolitan urbanisation, comprising some 1,500 apartments, villas and town houses. The main inhabitants are from western Europe and mostly English speaking. The Villamartin area is party to a lot of tourism, resulting in the appearance of numerous family-friendly attractions, from golf to water sports and go-cart tracks. The major attraction for both domestic and non-domestic tourism is the climate, as Villamartin has some 300 days of sunshine and a 20 degree average annual temperature, as well as the number of large beaches located in the area which were awarded the European Blue Flag for cleanliness, safety and the provision of facilities for the whole family.
Once you arrive in Villamartin by private airport transfer you will find that Villamartin has two championship golf courses; Campo de Golf Villamartin, which was home to the 1994 Mediterranean Open, and Campo de Golf Las Ramblas. There are also a number of other courses in the near surrounding area.
The urbanisation of Villamartin is known for its central plaza located near to the Villamartin Golf Course. It consists of a bank, grocery store, doctor's office, a variety of bars, night clubs, cafés and restaurants, plus a number of apartments. The Plaza is built around a square that has a number of palm trees which are home to quite a few African Ring Neck Parrots. These parrots have achieved a celebrity status with the local tourists who are not used to the sight, and are seen as a pleasant addition to the area.
At Valencia Airport for your private airport transfer you will be met in the arrivals hall , where your uniformed driver will take you to your chosen destination in Villamartin.
Pastini
I used this service after researching reviews on the internet and have to admit the service was first class. I flew into Alicante late at night and Beniconnect was there as promised. On the website there are numerous options you can choose from. I chose the cheapest for my family and I. The mode of transport was a small 15 seater bus with air con and WiFi. Beniconnect were a lot cheaper than paying for transfers via the flight company or the holiday company I booked with. I booked online and when the confirmation email came, attached was a booking reference number with clear instructions on how to find their desk. On arrival, an helpful lady was waiting at the desk and allocated us our bus. We waited for about 10 minuets, the driver loaded the bags in the back and then we were on our way, taken straight to our hotel, which luckily for us was one of the scheduled drop off points. The return to the airport couldn't have been simpler. Again, I was on a late flight. I received an email 24 hours before giving me instructions on when the bus was arriving and that I should be at the pick up point 10 minutes before the scheduled time. Beniconnect even sent an email to the hotel who pinned it up on their departure board. On the return, I literally fell out of the hotel and on to the bus. Again, air con and WiFi to keeps the kids occupied. One hour later we arrived at the airport right in front of the departure lounge. If you're going to Benidorm, I can't stress enough how professional these guys are in getting to the town.
Michelle H
Great airport transfer there & back, air conditioned bus with Wi-Fi, would definitely recommend. We travelled as a group of 10 - 8 adults & 2 children, driver was waiting at airport, was very polite and helpful - all ok
CoaleyLondon
With two teenage children, a silly o'clock in the morning flight and a bundle of luggage, we didn't fancy buses, trains and more buses to get to our holiday flat in Denia from Alicante airport so I prebooked a taxi from Beniconnect. It wasn't cheap, 125€, but we got a spacious air conditioned vehicle with a very courteous and friendly driver Enrique who took us quickly and safely to our destination.
CDLE
I have now used this Company on two separate occasions for journeys between Alicante Airport and Javea. On each occasion the service and in particular communications were excellent. Maybe I was lucky but I would certainly not hesitate to use them again.


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How to handle Mitchell Trubisky's injury in Week 7 fantasy football
Trubisky is listed as questionable this week. Here's what that means for fantasy football.
By LTruscott Oct 20, 2019, 5:10am PDT
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Editor's update: Mitchell Trubisky is expected to play today, according to ESPN's Adam Schefter.
One look at the Week 7 NFL injury report might leave you wondering if the Chicago Bears will have quarterback Mitchell Trubisky in uniform this week. He is officially listed as questionable, still recovering from the shoulder injury that knocked him out of Chicago's Week 5 game against the Vikings. However, all signs point to Trubisky playing this week, so worry not, unless you're thinking about starting him in a fantasy league.
Trubisky was full participant in practice every day this week. And while we don't have anything official, that's tells you pretty much all you need to know about his status against the Saints.
Fantasy football analysis, Chicago Bears QB Mitchell Trubisky
All that third-season breakthrough talk seems to have been misplaced and overly optimistic. Trubisky is having a terrible season. He's got a grand total of three touchdown passes, all of which came in a glorified practice game against Washington. The only thing positive about his stats is the 65 percent completion rate, but even that gets undercut by the fact that he's averaging a measly 5.5 yards per attempt.
So, yeah, he's healthy enough to play this week, but you shouldn't even be considering it, regardless of the format. The Saints have a pretty good defense, and that's enough to know that the Bears QB just isn't going to put up numbers this week.
Salaries, lineups, stacks, and more for Week 7 DFS
Last minute fantasy football start/sit advice as inactives come in
How to handle Alvin Kamara's injury in Week 7 fantasy football


Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning can be a swift and silent killer. Learn the signs, symptoms, and common causes of carbon monoxide poisoning with help from the team at Aire Serv.
Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas released as a byproduct of combustion. This means that vehicles, gas-powered power tools and appliances like furnaces, clothes dryers and fireplaces can all be the source of a potentially lethal carbon monoxide leak.
If working properly, household appliances vent the carbon monoxide away from the house and its occupants. But if the appliances malfunction or if gas-powered tools like leaf blowers, grills and portable generators meant for outdoor use are used indoors, carbon monoxide poisoning can quickly result. Automobiles left running in the garage is another leading cause of CO poisoning, thanks to remote starters and keyless ignitions.
One of the chief reasons carbon monoxide is so dangerous is that it is odorless and colorless. The only way to detect carbon monoxide prior to the onset of symptoms of poisoning is by using a carbon monoxide detector.
The first symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning include dizziness, headache, confusion and weakness. Symptoms of continued exposure are sometimes described as "flu-like," and include an upset stomach, chest pain, and vomiting. Carbon monoxide poisoning is very serious and can lead to death, this is especially true if individuals are asleep or impaired. It only takes a brief period for symptoms like weakness, headache and dizziness to set it in. If one or multiple people in your home or office notice these symptoms, evacuate the building and seek medical assistance.
Is you suspect that you or someone you know is suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning, leave the home or business. Head outside and take in the fresh air. Call 911 immediately.
The most effective way to protect you and your family from carbon monoxide poisoning is to install carbon monoxide detectors and to test them frequently. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that homeowners test and replace the batteries in their carbon monoxide detectors when the time changes in the spring and fall. They also recommend that homeowners install multiple carbon monoxide detectors in their home—one on each floor and one outside of all sleeping areas.
Scheduling routine professional inspection and maintenance of items like furnaces, water heaters, and fireplaces.
Backing cars out of the garage before warming them up. Do not warm up a car inside the garage! Modern, keyless cars are a new carbon monoxide hazard as well. The New York Times reports that there have been over 50 deaths across the United States and Canada due to motorists parking in their garages and then exiting the vehicle without having turned their car off. Vehicles in the garage have also been started remotely by accident, potentially by children playing with the remote starter or FOB. Carbon monoxide from a vehicle running in a garage will seep into a home, endangering all occupants.
From indoor air quality services to a Total Comfort Furnace Tune-Up, Aire Serv is your source for HVAC maintenance and safety services. Breathe easy knowing our expert technicians have your back when it comes to air quality safety and gas furnace and water heater maintenance. Schedule an appointment online or find a location near you to get started.
Carbon monoxide isn't the only airborne danger—did you know that smoke and soot can pose a danger to your family's health? Learn about the importance of professional smoke and soot mitigation and restoration from the experts at Rainbow International. Like Aire Serv, Rainbow International is a Neighborly company.


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Manga Drawing Deluxe
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Empower Your Drawing and Storytelling Skills
Author: Nao Yazawa
Publisher: Rockport Publishers
Renowned Japanese manga artist, international instructor, and illustrator of the Wedding Peach series Nao Yazawa guides you step by step through all phases of manga drawing, from developing characters to creating a story line and story boards.
With this detailed guide, learn every aspect of how to draw manga, including poses, movement, perspective, and props. Starting with rough sketches, you'll learn to add ink, coloration, special effects, and finishing touches to create dynamic manga characters and stories. You'll also find tips on how to give your characters lively facial expressions and how to create backgrounds with simple perspective.
Learn authentic manga drawing from a manga master.
Nao Yazawa is a Japanese manga artist residing in Tokyo, Japan. She is most well known for her manga series Wedding Peach, which was made into an anime series of the same name. Both the manga and anime series were translated into several languages. Since 2008, she has been teaching manga workshops (in English) internationally, in Germany, Denmark, Austria, Canada, and the United States. She teaches in-person workshops at Nakano Manga School, in Nakano-ku, Tokyo, where she also maintains the studio where she hosts her online classes. She is the author of the instructional guides Manga Drawing Deluxe and Drawing and Painting Anime and Manga Faces.
Illustrations: 300 color illustrations
Size: 8.5 in x 11 in / 215.9 mm x 279.4 mm
Anywhere, Anytime Art: Watercolor
Star, Branch, Spiral, Fan
Drawing: Faces
Drawing for the Beginning Artist
Art Techniques | 15 June 2018
Elements Of Composition
Learn the basics of composition with Drawing School: Fundamentals for the Beginner! The elements of composition are point, shape, mass, volume, texture, value, and color. Let's talk about a few of them one by one. Point A point is a single mark on a page without depth, height, or length. A group of points in ...
Fun Family Activities | 25 April 2018
Celebrate Mother's Day!
Mother's Day is just around the corner and we're sharing fun activities and recipes to help mom celebrate! Now through May 13th, get 35% off your order with the code MOM18. Dream Big Dreams Get Inspired Try the Latest Craft Trend Make Time for Self-Care Gather Together in the Kitchen Get Zen with Paper Crafts ...
Art Techniques | 23 April 2018
Expressive Painting: Reflections
How do you make a watercolor stand out? Try adding reflections! In Expressive Painting we see how to make our paintings alive. Reflections add energy and color to a scene. They can suggest an afternoon rainstorm or help make the foreground interesting. Paint reflections at the same time you paint the object. If there is a ...


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Blues Blast Magazine Album Review: Doug Otto and Hurricane Harold – Blues at Barkin' Jack's
This CD review was originally published in the February 19, 2015 edition of Blues Blast Magazine. Be sure to check out the rest of the magazine at www.bluesblastmagazine.com
Doug Otto and Hurricane Harold - Blues at Barkin' Jack's
A lot of new blues music has to be described in terms of the other genres that have influenced its sound, for example, blues-rock, country-blues, and the old standard: rhythm and blues. There is no struggle to figure this out with Doug Otto and Hurricane Harold's new CD, Blues at Barkin' Jacks. This release is mostly blues at its most basic level – guitar, voice, and harmonica, and all of it is played with a remarkable brilliance. No drums, bass or keyboard were needed to achieve their goals, and the effect is really cool.
Both of these gentlemen hail from the Twin Cities, and those long cold winters in the great white north have apparently given them the opportunity to hone their chops! Doug Otto provides the guitar and vocals for this project, but he also finds plenty of work with his own bands, the Getaways and North Country Bandits, as well as sitting in with the No Accounts. Hurricane Harold Tremblay is a master harmonica man (a mentor of Curtis Blake), and co-founder of Cool Disposition. He also hosts a weekly blues show on KFAI radio in Minneapolis and leads the All-Star Revue, which features some truly fine artists from Minnesota – he is a genuine renaissance man.
Blues at Barkin' Jacks has ten tracks that are mostly covers of wonderful vintage blues tunes, along with three originals that were written by Otto. It was recorded live in the studio with no overdubs and no more than two takes for any song. Jeremy Johnson did a wonderful job of engineering and mixing the guys' time in the studio, and the final product has a clean sound that makes it sound like these guys are playing in your living room.
After starting off the set with a slow-driving rendition of Howlin' Wolf's "Asked for Water," the duo plays the first of the three originals, "Broken Thoughts." Otto's writing on these songs has more of a roots and country-blues theme, and all of them are well suited to his pleasant tenor vocal range (which makes him sound a bit like Eric Clapton). His songwriting is mature, with good imagery and phrasing, which can also be found on "Heart to Heart" and "My Time is Moving Slow." The latter gives Tremblay a chance to sing harmonies, which is a cool effect as his voice lends a unique droning effect. This is the standout track in the album, without a doubt.
The rest of the songs are straight-up Maxwell Street blues material, as can be heard from Muddy Waters' "Long Distance Call," which uses subtle electric guitar chording with a heavy bass beat while Harold shows off his fine feel for the harp. Otto's guitar tone is outstanding on Skip James' haunting classic "Hard Time Killing Floor," and he also delivers a surprisingly good falsetto vocal performance, which is a hard thing to accomplish for most singers.
The classics continue with Lonnie Johnson's "She's Making Whoopie (in Hell Tonight)" which would be a hard song to write today, but in 1930 there were no political correctness police to contend with. There are also a couple of well-done Robert Johnson tunes, "Hell Hound on My Trail" and "Kind Hearted Woman," that are delivered in a wonderfully laconic style.
Despite the good craftsmanship these gentlemen showed on the cover tunes, the originals are exceptionally special, and are the highlight of this disc. A full-length album of Otto-penned originals would surely be a good listen, and hopefully this pair will have the chance to continue their work and head back to the studio to give us a bit more of this wonderful stuff.
There is a lot to like about Blues at Barkin' Jack's, and Doug Otto and Hurricane Harold really delivered the goods. Their bare bones live sound is clear, and the selection of tunes that they assembled works well together. There is no mistaking this album for anything but the blues, and you should certainly give it a listen!
Labels: Blues, Country, Doug Otto, Guitar, Harmonica, Howlin' Wolf, Hurricane Harold Tremblay, Jeremy Johnson, Lonnie Johnson, Maxwell Street, Minnesota, Muddy Waters, Robert Johnson, Roots, Skip James, Twin Cities
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Idlib () ist eines der 14 syrischen Gouvernements und liegt im Nordwesten des Landes an der Grenze zur Türkei. Auf einer Fläche von 6.097 km² leben 1.852.062 Einwohner nach einer Berechnung für 2012. Die Bevölkerungsdichte beträgt demnach 303,8 Einwohner/km². Hauptstadt des Gouvernements ist Idlib.

Syrischer Bürgerkrieg
Das Gouvernement war mit seiner strategisch wichtigen Lage im Syrischen Bürgerkrieg seit 2011 Schauplatz schwerer Kämpfe und Ziel zahlreicher Luftangriffe. Nachdem die Kämpfer der Terrororganisation Islamischer Staat weitgehend vertrieben waren, wurde das Gouvernement im Sommer 2017 in weiten Teilen von Angehörigen der dschihadistischen Gruppierung HTS kontrolliert, die ihren Nachwuchs an Kämpfern aus Flüchtlingslagern rekrutierten.

Das Regime von Präsident Baschar al-Assad schloss im weiteren Verlauf des Krieges mehrere Übereinkommen mit den Verteidigern aufständischer Gebiete im ganzen Land, die ihre Stellungen aufgaben und dafür freies Geleit ins Gouvernement Idlib erhielten. In Idlib hatten sich neben den 1,6 Millionen ursprünglichen Einwohnern so im Kriegsverlauf bis März 2018 noch etwa eine Million Flüchtlinge angesammelt. Die Durchmischung von moderaten Aufständischen mit den oft islamistischen Kräften wurde als Taktik des Regimes gewertet, die Verteidiger insgesamt als vom Ausland gesteuerte Terroristen zu diskreditieren und so einen Vorwand für einen Angriff auf das Gouvernement zu schaffen, auf den die internationale Gemeinschaft nicht reagieren wird. Hochrangige arabische Beamte aus Amman und Beirut beschrieben die Lage im Gouvernement 2018 als "geschickt konstruierte Killbox".

Mitte August 2018 begann die syrische Armee mit Vorbereitungen für eine Offensive auf Idlib als letztes größeres Rebellengebiet im Land. Im Nordwesten Syriens wurden Dutzende Luft- und Artillerieangriffe ausgeführt, wobei unter anderem Kampfflugzeuge und Hubschrauber zum Einsatz kamen. Laut der Syrischen Beobachtungsstelle für Menschenrechte (SOHR) kamen dabei mindestens 22 Menschen ums Leben. Zuvor hatten Helikopter Flugblätter über Dörfern im Osten Idlibs abgeworfen, in denen die Einwohner aufgerufen wurden, sich zu ergeben.

Im April 2019 begannen regierungstreue Truppen und die Luftstreitkräfte Russlands im Gouvernement Idlib im Rahmen ihres Militäreinsatzes in Syrien eine Offensive, bei der zivile Infrastruktur, darunter Krankenhäuser, Schulen und Märkte systematisch zerstört wurden.

Drei Millionen Menschen, zwei Drittel davon abhängig von humanitären Hilfen, da mehrheitlich Kinder und Flüchtlinge aus anderen Landesteilen unter ihnen sind, leben in und um die Hauptstadt Idlib.

Anfang Juni warnte der UN-Nothilfekoordinator in diesem Hinblick vor einer Fortsetzung der Offensive.

Ende Juni waren durch die täglichen Bombardements und Gefechte laut UN 330.000 Menschen zur Flucht in andere Gegenden des Gouvernements gezwungen. Von Ende Juni 2019 bis Ende Juli 2019 starben Save the Children zufolge in dem Gouvernement mehr Kinder durch den Krieg als im gesamten Jahr 2018. Die Syrische Beobachtungsstelle für Menschenrechte (SOHR) berichtet von 837 zivilen Todesopfern zwischen dem 30. April 2019 und dem 28. Juli 2019 im Gouvernement Idlib. Im selben Zeitraum wurden derselben Quelle zufolge 932 militärische Verluste auf syrischer Regierungsseite und 1007 auf Seiten der Rebellen gezählt, darunter 625 Dschihadisten.

Im Oktober 2019 wurde in der US-amerikanischen Operation Kayla Mueller in Barischa mit Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi der Anführer des islamischen Staates getötet.

Ab Dezember desselben Jahres intensivierten die russischen und syrischen Streitkräfte die im April begonnene Offensive im Süden und Osten des Gouvernements Idlib durch eine Erhöhung von Luftangriffen auf extremistische Rebellen, die Haiat Tahrir al-Scham.

Unterstützt wird die Offensive auch von zehntausenden schiitische Milizionären aus Afghanistan, Pakistan, Libanon und dem Irak, die von der iranischen Quds-Brigade aufgestellt wurde.

Der Präsident der Türkei warnte aufgrund der Offensive und im Hinblick auf die bisherige Flucht und Migration über das Mittelmeer in die EU und das Flüchtlingsabkommen zwischen EU und Türkei vor einer neuen Flüchtlingswelle für die Staatengemeinschaft.

Ende Januar 2020 vermeldete die Vereinten Nationen (UN), dass sich seit Dezember 2019 etwa 520.000 Menschen in Idlib auf die Flucht begeben hatten. Im Dezember sind demnach alleine südlich der Stadt Idlib mehr als 235.000 Menschen in Richtung Norden des Gouvernements, in die Städte Ariha, Idlib und Saraqib oder in bereits überfüllte Flüchtlingslager an der Grenze zur Türkei, geflohen. Eine Uno-Resolution zur Auslieferung von Hilfsgütern über die Türkei in die Grenzregion Syriens wurde von Russland und China im Sicherheitsrat blockiert.

Ende Januar zerstörte die russische Luftwaffe im Rahmen der Verbrannten Erde eines der letzten Krankenhäuser des Gouvernements.

Anfang Februar 2020 kam es zu Kampfhandlungen zwischen den syrischen Streitkräften und türkischen Streitkräften; letztere unterhalten auf Grundlage eines Abkommens mit Russland Beobachtungsposten im Gouvernement.

Mitte Februar 2020 berichtete World Food Programm (WFP) von mehr als 140.000 Flüchtlingen innerhalb einer Woche im Februar, sodass sich seit Dezember 2018 insgesamt 800.000 Menschen in Idlib auf die Flucht begeben hatten. Davon sind laut WFP 80 % Frauen und Kinder. Alleine nahe der Stadt Idlib leben der UN zufolge 80.000 Flüchtlinge mangels geeigneter Unterkünfte bei Minustemperaturen in unbeheizten Zelten; dadurch kam es zu Kältetoten.

Distrikte
Das Gouvernement ist in fünf Distrikte (Mintaqa) unterteilt:

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Idlib


Refresh your wardrobe with this vibrant blouse. It features a poppy and spot print on a soft chiffon fabric, with a rounded neckline and elasticated cuff and hem creating a flattering and comfortable bubble hem style. It is finished with a sparkling tassel necklace. Wear with black or navy trousers to complete the look.


WHAT WERE YOU doing between the 16 October 2017 and 10 December?
Listen, I don't blame you if you can't remember. I'm currently struggling to recall what I had for breakfast this morning. During those months, former X Factor and Celebrity Big Brother contestants Jedward were suspended from Twitter over a copyright issue.
They'd previously been suspended for resharing their own version of Taylor Swift's video for 'Look What You Made Me Do', on their account @planetjedward. As Swifties were concerned that the lads would affect her viewing figures, they decided the only logical thing to do was report those pesky twins.
Nevertheless, they persisted, setting up a second unverified account, @JepicHQ which is where they've been posting from … Until now.
The lads got their account back three days ago, and have been making up for lost time since.
"Hello everyone on Twitter we are so happy to be back," they said in a Notes app statement. How 2018 of them.
"Life has not been the same without @PlanetJedward we are only making this notes thing because it's so celebrity to act like people have time to read about our social media problems lol.
"Anyway in the time we have not had our official Twitter we have been cheating on Twitter with Instagram and Snapchat. Feels like we are returning to our ex.
We have missed our verified status since we were like the 1st people to tell everyone about this unknown platform in the UK and Ireland with many of our tweets making TV shows and newspapers and everyone loves some Jedward in their life.
Wow, Stephen Fry has just been read for filth.
How convenient it is though, that the lads are back ahead of their 10th anniversary (!) next year. Ten years of Jedward. Let that sink in.
On another note though, these lads are 27 year-old and still look exactly the same. What fountain of youth are they drinking from?
Is this the modern day horror equivalent of saying 'Jedward' three times in a mirror? Tweet, and they will come?
Email "Jedward have been sliding into people's DMs since getting their Twitter account back".
Feedback on "Jedward have been sliding into people's DMs since getting their Twitter account back".


Allow users to automatically send an Auto Response that will be sent to sender.
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TobyMac on Creating an Unflinching Album About His Son's Death: 'This Is a Really Honest Look at My Journey'
The emotional 'Life After Death' reunites the Christian singer with his former DC Talk bandmates.
By Deborah Evans Price
Deborah Evans Price
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TobyMac Robbie Klein
After experiencing the unimaginable death of his 21-year old son — who died in October 2019 from an accidental drug overdose — contemporary Christian music superstar TobyMac turned to songwriting to try to make sense of the tragedy.
Wrestling with the grief that followed Truett Foster McKeehan's death in a brutally honest way fills TobyMac's seventh studio album, Life After Death, out Friday (Aug. 19) via Forefront/Capitol Christian Music Group.
TobyMac Says He'll 'Forever Be a Different Man' After His Son Truett's Death
"I immediately went to write, because that's what I know to do when I'm in so much pain," the seven-time Grammy winner tells Billboard. "You go to [write] what you know, what you love and what brings you peace. I immediately started writing — and I wrote '21 Years.' Then I wrote a song called 'Faithfully,' and I wrote 'Everything About You' in the first few months after Truett passed."
Not surprisingly, this is TobyMac's most personal album ever. "I know that people say, 'My songs come from my journals,' and I can't claim that too much in the past — but this time I can," he shares. "It really is my journey put to music over the last two years that includes every emotion. It's a very honest record. I've had people text me [about] 'Everything About You' with my 20-year old daughter Marlee, and they're like, 'I listened to that song once and I'll never listen to it again because I can't take it.' I know there's songs like that that people just don't want to listen to over and over, I know that sort of goes against everything you think as a pop-writing musician, but this is just a really honest look at my journey — a man that has literally experienced the good, bad and the ugly over the last two-and-a-half years."
TobyMac admits that as hard as some of the songs may be to listen to, it's equally hard to promote. "It's so tender," he says of dealing with his son's passing. "I don't want to make it where I'm just doing interviews to do interviews, so we're limiting them — because it's very fresh in my heart still, the loss and grief. But at the same time, it doesn't stop my belief that music can be like medicine to people, and that music can be therapy to people. I've always believed that. There's hope in who God can be to people. I don't believe that I offer that to people, but I believe if God chooses to love someone through a song I wrote, that's up to him, but I always hope for it."
Even though songs started pouring out early following his son's death, TobyMac was surprised that any of them were uptempo, like opening track "Help Is on the Way (Maybe Midnight)." "I stumbled across a scripture that said, 'God is rolling up his sleeves on our behalf,'" he recalls. "I said to myself, 'Help Is on the way,' and this song came out of that verse that encouraged me. After a few months of standing on that thought, as I was walking through that valley, I thought, 'Hope is on the way.' It's like the shafts of light started coming through the leaves of the trees and into the valley and I started experiencing a little bit of God's goodness."
"Help Is on the Way (Maybe Midnight)" topped the Christian Airplay chart for five weeks. New single "The Goodness" is now gaining traction at Christian radio. "I was reminded that God loves me and he's good and that somehow or another maybe this is good for me and maybe it's good for Truett," TobyMac says. "All of a sudden, the song 'The Goodness' just came out of me. I broke out a pen and wrote it on a napkin like I was an old school Nashville songwriter."
TobyMac enlisted newcomer Blessing Offor to join him on the track after initially hearing him on a Christmas tune with Chris Tomlin and tracking him down to issue an invitation. "No one in the world could sing 'The Goodness' better than the guy that actually recognizes the goodness of God," he says of Offor. "He recognizes it. I could feel it."
Offor is far from the only collaborator on the album. Corey Asbury, Jon Reddick, Sarah Reeves, Tauren Wells and Zach Williams also guest star. "I've always loved Zach from afar," he says of his fellow Christian music star, who sings on "Cornerstone." "I would say, my voice sounds like a path. His sounds like a dirt road. I needed a dirt road to make this thing sound good."
Many of the songs work on multiple layers, including the aforementioned tender ballad "Everything About You." For listeners unfamiliar with Truett's passing, it sounds like a break-up song, which is fueling buzz that it could be a mainstream hit. But for TobyMac and his family, it's a wrenching portrait of life without Truett.
"Marlee was struggling after losing her big brother, and I was struggling. I thought, 'I don't know how to get to the hearts of my kids about this,'" the father of five says. "Marlee loves music. I've never done this with her, but I said, 'Let's write a song that talks about how you feel, and let's get it out there and talk about how I feel.' I thought music could be a little bit of medicine to her. It could be therapy for us. I asked Jon Reddick to come over and play piano. We just kind of sang and wrote and cried a little bit, laughed a little bit, and 'Everything About You' came out."
Marlee has a warm, evocative voice, but she has no interest in pursuing music, TobyMac says. "Right now music is just like therapy to her," he says. "She sits at the piano, and always has, for hours but she loves animals more than she loves music."
The album also features a reunion with Kevin Max and Michael Tait, the friends TobyMac rose to prominence with in the '80s as the pioneering Christian rap/rock trio DC Talk. "The second I wrote the first lines [of 'Space,'] it was definitely something I wanted to do with DC Talk," he says. "It feels very personal because it is. I wrote it about friends that struggle and friends that feel warm toward each other, but don't know what to do with the space that's come between them. I climbed a mountain with those two brothers. Those are my dear friends, and they always will be. We experienced things together that I'll never experience with another person — so I wanted to honor that. I was so glad that they both agreed to be on it, and so grateful that they would honor what we did, and the friendships that remain."
Obviously, this begs the question: Will there ever be another DC Talk album? "I don't know," TobyMac says. "Sometimes I'll write a song that sounds more like DC Talk than it sounds like me and I'll just kind of hold it. So there are a few of those sitting there. Our friend Ryan Tedder sent us a song that he felt like sounded like DC Talk, which we still have sitting there — and it's amazing, because he wrote it. I don't know the answer to that [reunion] question. I know that I'm not opposed to it; obviously I asked Michael and Kevin to be on this song, so it's not a closed door for me." (DC Talk's last full-length studio album, Supernatural, came out in 1998.)
TobyMac scored another high-profile collaboration on "Promised Land," which features Sheryl Crow. "We were just two parents at our kids' elementary school when we met," he relates. "Sheryl is one of my favorite artists. She delivers a vocal every time that just feels raw and absolutely real. . .I asked if she would be willing to sing on 'Promised Land,' because the song has an Americana vibe. I can't believe I have a literal legend on a song of mine."
Emotionally the song takes TobyMac back to his family's roots. "I wanted to shoot the video in a coal mine, because that's where my grandpa came from. The song and video pay homage to my grandfather and the working class and the struggle, but this song really is about thinking my promised land was a place. I found out that whether you are looking for it on earth or in heaven that really it isn't a place at all, it's a relationship with God. That's the discovery for me in that song."
TobyMac performs "Help is on the Way (Maybe Midnight)," "I'm Sorry" and "Faithfully" solo, with the latter summing up where he finds himself now. "I love the line 'I may never be the same man, but I'm a man who still believes' — because that's who I am," he says. "I might not walk in a room with as much swagger. I might be a little more meek, maybe even a little more sad at times, but I still believe."


A new high-yield, disease resistant forage oat variety has been released this year. It was developed by plant breeders from the Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries at the Leslie Research Facility in Toowoomba.
Queensland Agriculture and Fisheries Minister Leanne Donaldson said the new variety is the pinnacle of seven years of research by the Department's scientists to develop a crop completely resistant to all known strains of leaf rust.
Over four years of trials, Wizard has achieved a nine per cent improvement in total forage yield compared to Aladdin and Genie which have been the benchmark varieties for growers in the northern regions.
The new line produces vigorous growth early in the season, and recovers quickly from grazing to produce high forage yield for fattening cattle during the winter months.
The value of the liveweight gain produced from this feed source by the beef cattle industry each year is estimated at $250 million. Forage oats are also an important feed source for the dairy, sheep and horse industries.
Funding for the forage oats breeding project is jointly provided by the government and its commercial partner, Heritage Seeds, which will market Wizard in Australia in 2017.
More information about planting, nutrition, diseases and treatment is available in the 2016 Forage oat variety guide which is available online at www.daf.qld.gov.au or by contacting the Department of Agriculture and Fisheries on 13 25 23.
Senior plant breeder (oats) Bruce Winter and senior experimentalist Richard Uebergang with bull Hercules at the Leslie Research Centre in Toowoomba.


Join us for a 2-hour long breastfeeding basics class on January 20th from 7pm-9pm. We will cover breastfeeding positions, latch, common challenges, building a support network, and more! This class is taught by Johanna Goetz a CAPPA Certified Labour and Postpartum Doula. Johanna is excited to share some of the tips and information she has acquired through 3 years of supporting and educating breastfeeding women! This class is only $35 and we only have space for a limited number of participants!
Join us for a 2-hour long breastfeeding basics class on January 20th from 7pm-9pm. We will cover breastfeeding positions, latch, common challenges, building a support network, and more! This class is taught by Johanna Goetz a CAPPA Certified Labour and Postpartum Doula. Johanna is excited to share some of the tips and information she has acquired through 3 years of supporting and educating breastfeeding women! This class is only $35 and we only have space for 20 participants!
In this class we will cover all the breastfeeding basics to get you and your baby off to a great start!