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What Does AP Psych Cover?
When to Take
Should You Take AP Psych
Is AP Psychology Hard? A Complete Guide
AP Psychology awards college credit for passing test scores. But how hard is AP Psychology? Our in-depth look helps students make an informed decision.
Genevieve Carlton, Ph.D.
An award-winning historian and writer, Genevieve Carlton, Ph.D., has published multiple scholarly articles and a book with the University of Chicago Press. She currently works as a writer and consultant. She holds a Ph.D. in history from Northwestern...
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AP Psychology introduces high schoolers to the study of human behavior and mental processes.
The College Board reports that over 70% of AP Psych test-takers earn a passing score.
Based on test scores, AP Psychology ranks about average in difficulty.
What are the hardest AP classes? High schoolers considering AP classes often wonder which class to take and whether a certain course might be too difficult. In 2020, nearly 300,000 high schoolers took the AP Psychology exam, and over 70% earned a passing score.
Students interested in human behavior, psychological disorders, and data analysis often thrive in AP Psychology classes. Before enrolling, though, make sure you understand the expectations for AP Psychology.
Ready to Start Your Journey?
What Does AP Psychology Cover?
Psychology is the study of human behavior and mental processes. In AP Psychology, learners explore theories about behavioral development, the relationship between individuals and their environment, and psychological disorders.
Students also examine psychology research methods, including the experimental process and qualitative analysis.
During the course, students learn how to apply psychological theories, interpret data, and analyze research studies. The class emphasizes analytical, writing, and research abilities. Learners also strengthen their critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
The AP Psychology course topics include the following:
Biology and Behavior
What Determines the Difficulty of AP Psychology? 3 Key Factors
Before signing up to take an AP class, students must consider the difficulty, time commitment, and expectations. This section covers the pass rate, course material, and subject skills required to do well in AP Psych.
The Pass Rate
The pass rate offers valuable information on the difficulty of AP Psychology. So is AP Psychology hard? Over 70% of students who take this exam passed the test, and more than 1 in 5 test-takers earned a perfect score.
As the following data shows, the AP Psychology exam reports a nearly identical pass rate to other AP classes. However, a slightly higher percentage of students earn a perfect score on the exam compared with other AP tests.
AP Psychology Exam Pass Rates
AP Class/Exam
Pass Rate (3 or Higher)
Perfect Score (5)
AP Psychology
All AP Classes
Source: College Board
Prospective students can look at the pass rate and the number of perfect scores to determine whether AP Psychology is hard. All AP classes challenge students, but exam data shows that the AP Psychology test ranks similarly to other AP classes in terms of difficulty.
The Course Material
AP Psychology courses cover a great deal of material. High schoolers learn about psychological theories, the development of human behaviors, and psychology research methods. Core topics include how individuals interact with their environment and how the environment shapes behavior.
Students also examine the process of learning, the role of memory in behavior, and human emotions and personalities. In addition to studying human behavior, students explore psychological disorders and treatments. The scope of the course may challenge some students.
Your Subject Skills
Many AP classes offer advanced approaches to common high school courses, like language arts, math, foreign languages, and history. In contrast, most high schoolers do not take psychology. Students with strong social studies skills often thrive in psychology classes.
The class requires strong analytical and research skills, which may challenge some students. Learners must also analyze research studies and apply quantitative data in free-response answers. Strong subject skills in these areas help test-takers succeed.
When Should You Take AP Psychology?
Most high schools offer AP Psychology during junior or senior year. Students may take the course as their first advanced placement class. Other students may take language arts, history, or science AP courses before psychology, depending on their school.
High schoolers should ask their school and school counselors about when to take AP Psychology. Some schools may allow 9th or 10th graders to take the class.
Students new to AP courses might prefer to focus on psychology without taking other AP classes. However, experienced high schoolers and exceptional students often take AP Psychology at the same time as other AP classes.
AP Psychology Exam: What You Need to Know
Nearly 300,000 students took the AP Psychology exam in May 2020. Of those students, over 210,000 earned a passing score. The following table shows the score breakdown for test-takers in 2020.
Exam Score
Percentage of Students
66,099 22.4%
28,467 9.6%
How Is the AP Psychology Exam Structured?
The College Board divides the AP Psychology exam into two parts: a multiple-choice section and a free-response section. Here's how the two make up the test:
Section 1: 100 Multiple-choice Questions (70 Minutes)
Section 2: 2 Free-response Questions (50 Minutes)
In the first test section, students answer multiple-choice questions on psychology concepts and theories. These questions also evaluate knowledge of human behavior.
In the second section, test-takers complete two free-response questions. These questions ask students to apply theoretical frameworks in specific scenarios. They may also test knowledge of different psychology fields and psychological explanations for behavior.
In addition, the free-response section asks test-takers to analyze research studies and interpret quantitative data.
How Is the AP Psychology Exam Scored?
Students receive two-thirds of their final score based on their multiple-choice answers. The two free-choice questions account for the final one-third of the score. The College Board awards AP scores on a 1-5 scale, with 5 representing a perfect score.
Because the test heavily weighs the multiple choice section, test-takers must carefully manage their time to complete the 100-question section. Missing questions can take a toll on the final score.
How the AP Psychology Exam is Scored
Section 1 66.7%
Multiple-Choice Questions 66.7%
Concept Application Question 16.65%
Research Design Question 16.65%
AP Psychology: What Score Do I Need for College Credit?
According to the College Board, a score of 3 qualifies as passing. That said, a passing score does not guarantee that colleges will award credit for AP Psychology. Over 2,000 colleges award credit for the test, but some require a score of 4 or 5 for college credit.
Before signing up for the AP Psychology exam, prospective students should research college policies and learn more about the score required to earn college credit.
Should I Take AP Psychology?
High schoolers considering which AP class to take should weigh the course material, expectations, and the test difficulty. AP Psychology ranks about average in terms of difficulty according to test scores. Students interested in human behavior, psychological disorders, and the social sciences may enjoy the class.
Before enrolling, ask teachers and past students about the AP Psych class at your school. The difficulty of the class varies depending on the school. If you decide to take AP Psychology, make sure to invest time and energy into studying for the AP Psychology exam to increase your chances of earning college credit.
Frequently Asked Questions About AP Psychology
Is AP Psychology worth it?
Over 70% of students who took the AP Psychology exam in 2020 earned a passing score. These test-takers can earn college credit for an exam that costs under $100. As a result, AP Psychology may pay off for college-bound high schoolers.
What about for students who do not take the test or earn a passing score? Even for students who do not earn college credit, AP classes offer college-level material in high school. AP classes demonstrate academic commitment to colleges, making them a smart choice for students who can manage the workload.
Do colleges care about AP Psychology?
More than 2,000 colleges award credit for passing scores on the AP Psychology exam. And taking AP Psychology helps high schoolers in other ways. Studying college-level material in high school demonstrates academic skills to prospective schools.
Students who take AP classes may also receive a higher weight in their GPA for the class grades. As a result, taking AP classes helps students even if they decide not to take the AP test or do not earn a passing score.
How many credits do you get for AP Psychology?
Each college decides how many credits to award for passing scores on the AP Psychology test. Most schools grant 3-5 credits for AP Psychology, depending on the score. For example, some colleges only award credit for a 4 or 5 on the AP exam.
The number of credits may also vary depending on whether the school uses semesters or quarters. The College Board provides a list of colleges that grant credit for AP Psychology, including policies on the number of credits for passing scores.
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Prof. Lorenz Kramer, Ph. D.
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Fairgoers can now update their global event calendars as Intertextile Apparel confirms the dates for the two shows to be held in the latter half of 2021. Intertextile Shanghai Apparel Fabrics – Autumn Edition will take place from 25 – 27 August at the National Exhibition and Convention Center (Shanghai). And for the first time, Intertextile Shenzhen Apparel Fabrics will take place in November and will again be held at the world's largest exhibition venue, the Shenzhen World Exhibition and Convention Center. The Shenzhen show will run from 3 – 5 November. Intertextile Apparel's 2021 fair dates ensure that participants can benefit from year-round access to both East and South China markets, as well as South East Asia markets and beyond.
With the announcement of the newly confirmed 2021 show dates, Ms Wendy Wen, Senior General Manager of Messe Frankfurt (HK) Ltd, said, "Following the success of the previous two editions last September and this March despite the unsettled business climate, we are very much looking forward to maintaining Intertextile's position as a global textile apparel textile flagship. With the confirmed dates of the two editions in the second half of the year, accompanied by a fast recovering Chinese market, Intertextile provides the industry with a year-round stable platform, to promote market recovery and success."
Participants at the previous Autumn Edition, noted the importance the fair carries for the industry, along with their appreciation for the platform as a means to reconnect and facilitate business interactions. "We continue to return to Intertextile because it is one of the largest, most well-known and influential platforms within the textile industry. Annually, the fair attracts large crowds of quality buyers," said Mr Kenny Liu, Sales Manager at Shanghai Hansk New Materials Technology Co Ltd.
"I have been working in the apparel industry for nearly 30 years, and have been visiting Intertextile Apparel, both the Spring and the Autumn Editions, on a yearly basis. I think this fair is a great platform as everyone here is professional and our clients always attend this fair too," noted Mr Sun Xu, Sourcing Manager at Richland Liaoning International Co Ltd.
Intertextile Shanghai Apparel Fabrics – Autumn Edition will be held alongside four concurrent shows: Intertextile Shanghai Home Textiles – Autumn Edition, Yarn Expo Autumn, CHIC and PH Value. Together, the fairs encompass the entire supply chain for the textile industry, forming a one-stop sourcing platform under one roof.
Intertextile Shenzhen will take place in November to suit regional sourcing calendar
Ms Wen moved on to talk about why the Shenzhen show will take place later in the year: "Several factors formed the decision to hold the Shenzhen show in November this year, instead of in summer as in previous years. Firstly, feedback from our exhibitors has shown that they prefer the show to commence towards the end of the year. This is in part due to the slightly later sourcing seasons for the southern China and Southeast Asian regions, which are the main target markets for the show, as they tend to occur later on, particularly for A/W ladieswear."
She continued: "To add, since the Shanghai Autumn Edition has been brought forward slightly to suit trends in the global event and sourcing calendar, the November date for the Shenzhen edition means that the three shows are now better-spaced apart. So as the timing of the sourcing seasons continues to evolve, we need to ensure that we are adapting to the market and industry's needs accordingly," Ms Wen finished.
Exhibitors and buyers at the newly rebranded Intertextile Shenzhen Apparel Fabrics in 2020 enjoyed the opportunity to access the market and potential in China's 'fashion capital'. "We've exhibited at Intertextile for nearly 20 years, and decided to exhibit here because Shenzhen is located at the heart of the Greater Bay Area, which is a base for many domestic fashion brands. The Greater Bay Area is a hot topic in recent years. This makes Intertextile Shenzhen a not-to-be-missed event for the industry," said Mr Liu Weilong at Huafang Co Ltd.
"We like to source from companies in the southern China region as they are known for having a focussed work etiquette, quick response times and for having a deep understanding of buyer's needs," explained Mr Harbinder Rattha, Vice Chairman at Roverco Apparel Co.
Following the successful model of the Shanghai editions, Intertextile Shenzhen Apparel Fabrics will take place concurrently with Yarn Expo Shenzhen, CHIC and PH Value as it did for the first time in 2020.
Both Intertextile Shanghai Apparel Fabrics – Autumn Edition and Intertextile Shenzhen Apparel Fabrics are organised by Messe Frankfurt (HK) Ltd; the Sub-Council of Textile Industry, CCPIT; and the China Textile Information Center. For more details, please visit: https://intertextile-shanghai-apparel-fabrics autumn.hk.messefrankfurt.com/shanghai/en.html and https://intertextile-shenzhen.hk.messefrankfurt.com/shenzhen/en.html.
To find out more about all Messe Frankfurt textile fairs worldwide, please visit: www.texpertise-network.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
namespace falcon {

namespace iterator {

CPP_EMPTY_CLASS(strided_iterator_full_comparison_tag);
CPP_EMPTY_CLASS(strided_iterator_less_comparison_tag);
CPP_EMPTY_CLASS(strided_iterator_equal_to_comparison_tag);

template<class Iterator, class ComparisonTag = use_default>
class strided_iterator;

namespace detail
{
  template<class Iterator, class ComparisonTag>
  struct strided_iterator_base
  {
    typedef typename iterator_handler_types<
      strided_iterator<Iterator, ComparisonTag>
    , Iterator
    >::type type;
  };
}

template<class Iterator, class ComparisonTag>
class strided_iterator
: public detail::strided_iterator_base<Iterator, ComparisonTag>::type
{
  friend class iterator_core_access;

  typedef typename strided_iterator::handler_type inherit_iterator;

public:
  typedef typename inherit_iterator::iterator_type iterator_type;
  typedef typename inherit_iterator::difference_type difference_type;

private:
  difference_type strided_;

public:
  strided_iterator(difference_type n)
  : strided_(n)
  {}

  strided_iterator(iterator_type x)
  : inherit_iterator(x)
  , strided_(1)
  {}

  strided_iterator(iterator_type x, difference_type n)
  : inherit_iterator(x)
  , strided_(n)
  {}

  using inherit_iterator::operator=;

  difference_type strided() const
  { return strided_; }

private:
  void increment()
  { this->base_reference() += strided_; }

  void decrement()
  { this->base_reference() -= strided_; }

  void advance(difference_type n)
  { this->base_reference() += n * strided_; }

  difference_type difference(const strided_iterator& other) const
  {
    const difference_type d = this->base_reference() - other.base_reference();
    const difference_type ret = d / 2;
    return ret * 2 < d ? ret + 1 : ret;
  }

  typedef typename default_or_type<
    use<strided_iterator_full_comparison_tag>,
    ComparisonTag
  >::type comparison_tag;

  bool equal(
    const strided_iterator& other, strided_iterator_less_comparison_tag) const
  { return !(this->base_reference() < other.base_reference()); }

  template<class Tag>
  bool equal(const strided_iterator& other, Tag) const
  { return this->base_reference() == other.base_reference(); }

  bool equal(const strided_iterator& other) const
  { return equal(other, comparison_tag()); }

  bool less(
    const strided_iterator& other,
    strided_iterator_equal_to_comparison_tag) const;

  template<class Tag>
  bool less(const strided_iterator& other, Tag) const
  { return this->base_reference() < other.base_reference(); }

  bool less(const strided_iterator& other) const
  { return less(other, comparison_tag()); }
};

#if __cplusplus >= 201103L
template<class Iterator>
using safe_strided_iterator
  = strided_iterator<Iterator, strided_iterator_less_comparison_tag>;
#endif

template<class Iterator>
strided_iterator<Iterator>
make_strided_iterator(
  Iterator x, typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::difference_type n)
{ return strided_iterator<Iterator>(x, n); }

template<class Iterator>
strided_iterator<Iterator, strided_iterator_less_comparison_tag>
make_safe_strided_iterator(
  Iterator x, typename std::iterator_traits<Iterator>::difference_type n)
{ return strided_iterator<
  Iterator, strided_iterator_less_comparison_tag>(x, n);
}

} }

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Tutoring Videos for CHEM 163 - Honors General Chemistry at RUTGERS
Most watched practice problems by CHEM 163 students
Which statement is true for this reaction? Fe (s) + Au(NO3)3 (aq) Fe(NO3)3 (aq) + Au (s) a. Metallic iron is the reducing agent b. Gold ion is oxidized c. Metallic iron is reduced d. Nitrate ion (NO3) is the oxidizing agent
A mixture of hydrogen and chlorine remains unreacted until it is exposed to ultraviolet light from a burning magnesium strip. Then the following reaction occurs very rapidly: H2 + Cl2 2 HCl G = - 45.54 kJ H = - 44.12 kJ S = - 4.76 J/k Select the statement below which BEST explains this behavior. A. The reactants are thermodynamically more stable than the products. B. The reaction has a small equilibrium constant. C. The ultraviolet light raises the temperature of the system and makes the reaction more favorable. D. The negative value for S slows down the reaction. E. The reaction is spontaneous by thermodynamics, but the reactants are kinetically stable.
261 views - January 21, 2016
Determine if the following compound will create an acidic, basic or neutral solution. C6H5NH3Br
What is the edge length of a face-centered cubic unit cell made up of atoms having a radius of 128 pm? A) 181 pm B) 362 pm C) 512 pm D) 1020 pm E) 81 pm
The process of removing an electron from a neutral element in the gas phase a. requires energy for all elements, because the initial state is less stable than the final state. b. requires energy for all elements, because the initial state is more stable than the final state. c. does not require energy for any element, because the initial state is the same energy as the final state. d. requires energy for some elements, because sometimes the initial state is more stable than the final state.
Consider a titration performed using acetic acid and aqueous ammonia. Which of the following statements is correct?
247 views - December 09, 2015
What mass of oxygen is needed for the complete combustion of 155 mL of C6H6 (molar mass = 78.1 g/mol) to produce carbon dioxide and water? Density of C6H6 = 0.88 g/mL.2 C6H6(l) + 15 O2 (g) → 12 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l)A. 55.9 g B. 419 g C. 240 gD. 330 g E. 476 g
In a calorimetry experiment a student determines the enthalpy for the reaction of magnesium with hydrochloric acid to be -430 kJ/mol. The true enthalpy for this reaction is -450 kJ/mol. Which of the following sources of error could account for this discrepancy?a. After recording the mass, some of the magnesium was dropped on the counterb. Some of the hot hydrogen gas escaped during the reaction.c. The calorimeter was not tightly shut for the experiment.d. The final temperature was recorded before the reaction was complete.e. All of these errors would cause a falsely high value for the enthalpy
Most watched tutorial videos by CHEM 163 students
Mean Value Evaluation
Refraction vs. Diffraction
Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations
The average class size for this course is 13 students.
Based on our date this course uses Clutch Chemistry., however this may vary depending on the professor you take.
Chemistry: A Molecular Approach. Tro
Chemistry: Structure and Properties. Tro-Structure & Properties
CHEM 166 - Extended General Chemistry at RUTGERS*CHEM 161 - General Chemistry at RUTGERS*CHEM 162 - General Chemistry at RUTGERS*CHEM 159 - General Chemistry for Engineers at RUTGERS*CHEM 160 - General Chemistry for Engineers at RUTGERS*CHEM 116 - General Chemistry II at RUTGERS*CHEM 164 - Honors General Chemistry at RUTGERS*
Most popular homework help topics for CHEM 163 at RUTGERS
Standard Deviation, Mean, Median & Mode Practice ProblemsChapter 2 Practice ProblemsDiffraction vs Refraction Practice Problems
Prof. Marvasti
Prof. York


The course is relatively flat. Between 1-2km there is a noticeable descent towards the White's Cross junction. There is a slight incline in the L7072 between 3-4km but it descends to rejoin the R616 with a flat finish.
The race begins 200 metres from the Race HQ at Scoil Naomh Micheál. The school is located opposite The Boothouse Bar.
The route follows the R616 for approximately 2km to White's Cross junction where it turns right onto the R614 heading towards Carrig na bhFear.
After approx 1.5km the route turns right again onto the L7072. This is the tightest area on the course.
The course turns left at Brian Dillons GAA pitch, returning on to the R616.
From here it is a 1.2k straight run back to the original starting point at Upper Glanmire Community Centre.


RadioShack said Tuesday that it would close up to 1,100 poorly performing stores amid widening losses, or roughly 20% of its locations, as part of an effort to remake itself for a more competitive era of electronic retailing.
The store closings will leave about 4,000 locations in the U.S.
The company has been trying to revamp its stores for the past year.
Yet some analysts say the retailer faces an uphill climb as it struggles to compete against larger big-box stores such as Best Buy.
@colinbutler I've no idea how Maplin keep going.


text:
Museum people
Isobel Bennett
Elizabeth McKinnon
Toggle Table of Contents Nav
Life before science
Isobel was born in Brisbane in 1909, the eldest of four. She won a scholarship to a respected girl's school, Somerville House, however had to leave at age 16 due to the family's financial circumstances. Isobel undertook a secretarial course, and as she later recalled, "In the 1920s it was the only thing a woman could do. That or nursing". In 1928 the family moved to Sydney where she found work as a secretary at the Associated Board of the Royal School of Music. During the depression in late 1932, her employer was forced out of business and left her without a job. With extra time on her hands, Isobel and her sister decided to take a 5 day P&O cruise on the new Straithaird ship. Good fortune smiled upon Isobel when in the cabin next to hers was William John Dakin, a professor of Zoology at the University of Sydney, and his wife. The sisters befriended the couple and Isobel was offered a research position for the book he was writing about early whaling.
Once back in Sydney, Isobel spent 2-3 days a week at the Mitchell Library researching captain's logs of early whaling ships. Her task was to understand the distribution of whales on the Australian and New Zealand coasts. In 1933 the University of Sydney's Department of Zoology offered her a temporary job under Professor Dakin's supervision. Isobel later recounted that when offered the job she had to look up the word "zoology" in the dictionary. In this position she became Dakin's secretary, proof reader, research assistant and a member of the crew on the university's research vessel, Thistle. Isobel humorously described in 1994 that "I was put on in a temporary capacity and stayed for 39 years".
"The Professor then drew them. It was quite a task, but nobody could teach you; it is all a matter of practice, really. He gave me the microscope and the dissecting needles, and I just had to teach myself about that."
In 1935 Isobel was allowed to attend the first year zoology practical lessons, the only formal training she ever completed. In her only exam, Isobel passed with 98% and was disappointed at not gaining 100. She did not continue with the zoology classes as her responsibilities with Professor Dakin focused her attentions on marine biology. The Professor's studies on plankton and the intertidal zone of the NSW coast are areas that defined Isobel's later research and career.
Isobel collaborated with Dakin in much of his research most notably his book Australian Seashores. The book did not appear on store shelves until 1952, 2 years after the Professor's death. Isobel took it upon herself to finish the book, complete with indexes and photographs. In its first printing of 3500 copies, it was sold out within a few short weeks. Australian Seashores was reprinted, revised and metricated another 12 times over the years. Isobel had to update the book with current taxonomic work and scientific names. In 1986 she was approached to produce a completely revised edition to cover all of the Australian States and replace the black and white images with colour. Isobel wrote to a colleague when approached that "I was so appalled at the enormity of the task, especially at my age (now 83), that I refused point blank". However she did take up and complete the task making Australian Seashores completely her own.
Great achievements
"Few eminent scientists in the world today would have begun their careers by accident, fewer still would have reached their positions without benefit of a university degree in their discipline, and it is certain that very few of those, if any, would have been women." (Australian Marine Sciences Bulletin, April 1995, 7/8.)
In 1953 Isobel participated in an expedition to the Great Barrier Reef and her enthusiasm for corals was awakened. She went to the Reef at every available opportunity, often working alone and at her own expense. Over time her research amazingly covered the full 2000km span of the Reef. Isobel's work on the Reef was fundamental in its 1980 recognition as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Isobel was one of the first four women permitted on the Subantarctic Macquarie Island. She travelled to the island on the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition (ARARE) vessel in 1959. Isobel wrote about this voyage saying that the women were "regarded with some suspicion. We had been warned that on our behaviour rested the future of our sex with regard to ANARE voyages". As a result of the voyage, Isobel authored the book Shores of Macquarie Island and was recognised as the best non-scientific book available on the subject.
Isobel had a well travelled career, visiting universities and marine stations all over the world. She gave lectures and spoke at several scientific congresses. In 1962 she was awarded an honorary Master of Science Degree by the University of Sydney. In 1982 she was awarded the ANZAAS Mueller Medal, as well as the Whitely Memorial Award from the Royal Zoological Society of NSW. For her services to marine biology, Isobel was awarded Officer of the Order of Australia. In 1995 she was further recognised for her work with an Honorary Doctor of Science from the University of Sydney.
Isobel had a very different life to her contemporaries and left a lasting impact on Australian marine biology. She died in 2008 at age 98. Isobel left a legacy not only to marine biology, but an awareness of the ecological stresses on our seashores. She reflected on her life saying, "I never married. Although there were several opportunities, it wasn't the right man. Had I married I probably wouldn't have been able to do many of the things I've done".
archives people
History of the Anthropology Department
Winifred West
Robert (Bob) McDowall 1939 – 2011
Thomas Wall (d. 1848)
Simon Rood Pittard, Curator and Secretary, 1860-1861
History of the Minerals Department
Penny Dadswell Zylstra: Volunteer
Charles Hedley, Conchologist
Anthony Musgrave (1895-1959)
Rev William Branwhite Clarke, Secretary and Curator, 1841-1843
Frank McNeill
Museum staff 1829–1977
Blue Swimmer Crab
Common Pipi
Australian Natural History Volume 14 Issue 03
Eleven-armed Sea Star
Decorator Crab
Pin-cushion Urchin
Prickly Shark, Echinorhinus cookei Pietschmann, 1928
Lizard Island Postdoctoral Fellowships
Applications for the 2022 round of Postdoctoral Fellowships have closed. Information about 2023 fellowships will be posted in August 2022.
2022 application details
Black Nerites
Purple-encrusting sponges


Do you have sight of your skills and training in an instant? Working with Reference Point, SKILLcard is now able to provide card holders and employers even more benefits, with access to SkillSight the free Training Management Solution.
Essentially, SkillSight is for any individual who has a SKILLcard or any organisation that is looking to take control and harness the true potential of SKILLcard across their business.
SkillSight transforms each smart SKILLcard into a powerful business tool, by allowing the cardholder or nominated representative to add training, qualifications and information that would not otherwise be possible.
SkillSight enables you to transform your smart SKILLcard into a fully accessible skills passport.
Keeping track of employees and contractors, ensuring they have the right skills and qualifications for the job and keeping sight of all of their training and qualifications can be difficult to manage, and often extremely time consuming.
For large companies, SkillSight provides supply chain visibility that is crucial when managing the qualifications and training of the mobile workforce. By checking the smartcards electronically, online or via our Go-Smart apps, authority to work can be assured and fake cards can be detected.
For small businesses who would not normally have the resources to support sophisticated training databases, SkillSight opens up a world of possibilities that are usually only available to big budget companies.
SkillSight is completely free and available 24/7.
Registration is simple and only requires some basic details before you are able to unlock the true power residing in your smartcard.


We use only Paypal, but you do not need to have a Paypal account to place an order. The prices are in Euros, but you can purchase in your local currency.
Visa, Eurocard, Mastercard, American Express are allowed.
Your credit card information will be never stored on the Artandsports.net data bases.


It makes no sense to spend time and money going to Iceland for a destination wedding that is ordinary. A day that includes a church service and a reception, with only awesome photographs to show for it, seems like a waste. how to become a wedding planner of wedding is fine, but it can be done at home for far less money. An Iceland Wedding that is filled with adventure is well worth the trip.
Iceland is a small island that offers a wide variety of locations and adventures. Instead of picking crowded tourist locations in Reykjavik, spend the day exploring private and unique locations. There are cliffs, ice caves, beaches, volcanoes, canyons, glaciers, and waterfalls to accommodate any type of adventure desired. wedding planner jobs , ski, ride through rivers in a super Jeep and experience the culture and folklore of the country first hand. Get out there and have fun.


AHTCS Blog « If Your MOR Was Tomorrow, Are You Prepared?
« When Should I Handout The VAWA Forms?
For some, the paper work has accumulated and now needs to be properly organized and filed in preparation for impending MOR. Tenant file organization is one of the most important tasks you can do to get ready for the next MOR. You will need to gather much pertinent information besides getting your files in order. Another thing you can do is to employ a company like ours to help you get ready…and hopefully not at the last minute. If you take care of organizing in a timely fashion, you will not be under the proverbial "gun;" however, if you don't do anything you could be facing a deadline (30 days) after you have received the MOR report back from HUD's Multifamily. In our recent outings, some folks have faced a 100% file review directive from HUD advising them to get their files together and in good order–a direct result of not being prepared! Some properties have been pro-active and have higher scores, but no property is perfect. The Asset Managers performing these MOR's are very thorough in what they do, and may not seem like they are there to help (which, in my opinion, they should). Be prepared! Call us to help you get ready for the MOR inspection. Take the time now to have us go through the tenant files.
Hire us to come in and inspect your files. We teach an online webinar on this subject as well so, whatever you do, don't wait to the last minute. You will be really surprised when you realize how much work is involved in getting prepared for this–shall we say– educational experience.
To find out more and register for our MOR Preparation Class or to obtain a quote for a File Audit of your properties tenant files, call or email us today.


text:
Governor of Jakarta found guilty of blasphemy
The governor of Jakarta, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, known as Ahok, has been found guilty of blasphemy and sentenced to two years in prison. He will appeal the sentence.
Benedict Rogers, East Asia Team Leader at Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) said: "This verdict and the sentence imposed represent an outrageous miscarriage of justice. It also represents a further, and severe, erosion of Indonesia's values of religious pluralism as set out in the Pancasila, the state ideology."
"Indonesia's ability to hold itself up as an example of a moderate, tolerant, Muslim-majority democracy is further threatened and is now very questionable. We urge the courts to overturn this verdict on appeal and acquit Governor Basuki Tjahaja Purnama."
As a Chinese Christian, Ahok is Indonesia's most prominent ethnic minority politician and was the first non-Muslim governor of Jakarta for over 50 years. His campaign for re-election was overshadowed by the blasphemy allegation against him and he lost the vote last month.
On 27 September 2016, Ahok reportedly quoted a Qur'anic verse on the campaign trail while addressing concerns that his political opponents may use the verse to discourage people from voting for him as a non-Muslim. He was then falsely accused of criticising the verse itself. The court case against the governor was filed by several conservative Islamic groups after his statement went viral via a doctored YouTube video.
On 13 November 2016, Ahok was formally charged with blasphemy and his trial began on 13 December 2016. An estimated 500,000 Muslims turned up to a number of rallies in November and December 2016 to protest against his supposed blasphemy.
Indonesia is the world's largest Muslim-majority country, yet it rejected theocracy at its foundation and adopted a state philosophy known as 'Pancasila', giving equal recognition to the major religions. CSW believes that the case against Ahok is part of a broader attempt to undermine the right to freedom of religion or belief (FoRB) in the country.
On 10 January, the Indonesian National Commission for Human Rights (Komnas HAM) published a report detailing a steady increase in FoRB violations in recent years. CSW's 2014 report, Indonesia: Pluralism in Peril, also found that rising religious intolerance poses a threat to Indonesia's strong tradition of religious pluralism.
Benedict Rogers added: "Indonesia's blasphemy laws have been abused for too long, so we call on President Joko Widodo to review the blasphemy laws and amend or repeal them to prevent future injustices."


TIP! Do you have an issue where fruit flies keep appearing? You might have a drain issue. Use plastic wrapping on your drain for just a few days.
Did you discover that something is living in your cupboards? Does it sound like something is going to scratch right through your wall? You may well have an infestation of pests. Keep reading to find terrific tips on eliminating household pests.
TIP! Bedbugs are sneaky and can be hard to eliminate entirely. Before you call the exterminator, seal off any cracks or crevices.
Use a spray specially designed for the perimeter of your home. Spray around the foundation, porches, steps and anything near a door or a window. As you are spraying, check surfaces for cracks and nooks that can be the point of entry for pests. Use caulk or something similar to seal these areas.
TIP! Is your home infested with ants? Mix borax and sugar to eliminate them. They will come for the sugar and get killed by the borax.
There are dogs that are specially trained to detect termites. A human termite inspector can only verify that about a third of your home is safe. If you get a dog that can find them, they most likely ensure the safety of your entire residence. Methane is in the air and they can smell it.
Make sure any food you store is tightly sealed. Food scents are a big attraction to a lot of pests. Always take out the trash immediately when the container has reached its limit. Trash is yet another source of alluring smells for the pests and should be avoided at all costs.
TIP! Always fix leaks in the plumbing. Water attracts pests.
Make sure that your screens are fully functional at all times. These screens can help stop bugs from entering your home. If there are holes in your home's screens, repair or replace them.
TIP! If you are a pet owner it is not recommended that you use poisons that kill mice and rats. A dog or cat can easily ingest poisons that are on these rodents if they should happen to catch one.
If you are fighting a mice problem, you should consider using mint. Plant mint all around the perimeter of your house. This makes your home less than desirable to mice. If mice are already a problem, you may want to place mint leaves in the areas that are affected. This can repel these pesky pests, but use fresh mint leaves.
TIP! Have you discovered a mouse hole? Try cutting up small steel wood pieces and putting them into this hole. Mice will see the steel wool blocking their hole and attempt to chew through it, and the steel particles will kill them.
Be sure to rinse containers thoroughly before you add them to your recycle bin. You must always rinse pop cans that often have sugar residue. Do not leave soda in the cans when you put them out to recycle.
TIP! You need to see how pests are entering your house. For example, maybe your pets track them in, or perhaps your window has a small gap where spiders can crawl through.
TIP! The lights that you use on the exterior of your home are attracting pests. Do not put the light right near the entrance.
In order to help you keep the pests out, you need to take a look at your plumbing. Be sure all drains and sinks are unclogged around your home and inside your home. Any buildup can attract flies and roaches that are looking for a meal. Once drains are clear, check them monthly.
TIP! If bugs keep invading your home, inspect every inch of your home and apply caulk to every single crack you find. You can't get the insecticides deep into the crevices in your home where the pests like to live.
Mosquitoes will disappear if they do not have a place to lay their eggs. You should drain standing water before it stagnates. Mosquitoes like to breed at spots with water and don't need large quantities of liquid to do so.
TIP! If your bug problem persists, you might not be using pesticides correctly. When you spray outside only, the pests will just stay inside.
Do you have a camper that you store over the winter? If so, then it is possible for mice to live in it. You can effectively keep these pests away by using natural repellents. These repellants can help greatly in reducing rodent nuisances while still keeping the air fresh-smelling, without introducing poison into the environment.
TIP! Remember that spiders generally only hang around because there are other bugs to eat. To minimize your issues, vacuum and dust as often as you can.
The advice in this article will allow you to stop worrying about pests. Take your home back from the pests that have plagued you. Patience and persistence are the keys to eradicating pests and keeping them at bay.


A couple of weeks ago on our facebook page we posted this photo of the rustic wood railing being restored at the Mt. Philo State Park shelter.
The Seasonal Parks Maintenance Technician performing the work is John Robert Davine.
John Robert's maternal grandfather was part of the original CCC crew that cut and built the Mt. Philo road and summit area, including the shelter where the railing is being restored, in the 1920's.
John Robert's dad is Bob Davine, who has been a Parks Maintenance Technician for the past 25+ years.
That makes 3 generations of one family caring for Mt. Philo! That's Vermont for you!
We have been meaning to write since summer, and as Thanksgiving approaches I am reminded to not let any more time pass. Please find the attached picture of one of the park staff with our kids.
My husband and I have six year old twins, and we wanted to introduce them to camping this year. By sheer accident, we landed in Branbury State Park. Due to the July 4th holiday, there was initially no room, but the following day -- loving Lake Dunmore -- we asked again and were lucky enough to be able to pitch our little tent in site number seventeen. The Venture Vermont activities were beyond perfectly perfect. My son and daughter learned to climb a mountain, cross a moving stream, build a fire without matches. The young men and women teaching in the program were sensitive, insightful, funny, kind, and in the end very good at their jobs --each and every one.


text:
National Pacific Radio Trust Board
Chair position
Vacancy 2020/004
Tēnā koe, Mālō nī, Faka'alofa lahi atu, Kia orāna, Tālofa lava, Mālo ē lelei, Bula Vinaka, Kam ban ni Mauri, Halo olaketa, Fakatalofa atu
and warm Pacific greetings!
Would you like to be a part of governing a growing pan-Pacific multimedia broadcasting entity focused on delivering inclusive 100% Pacific content from within Aotearoa New Zealand?
Are you passionate about diverse Pacific representation across our media platforms?
Are you competent in radio broadcasting, or have a regional perspective within Aotearoa New Zealand?
The Minister for Broadcasting and Media, and the Minister for Pacific Peoples are looking to appoint a Chair and trustee member for the National Pacific Radio Trust (NPRT) Board.
Being a board member and Chair is rewarding and challenging. You will be involved in setting strategic direction, priorities, board policies and expectations for management, identifying and managing risk, and monitoring and evaluating the performance of the organisation. You will also lend your unique Pacific lens to the work that you do and your focus will be to add value and drive the performance of the NPRT.
Note: You don't have to tick all the boxes. Any person who feels they can meet one or some of our criteria is welcome to apply. We value diversity and acknowledge your unique experiences and background enriches the work you do.
You may live anywhere in Aotearoa New Zealand. However, you will be expected to travel to Auckland for meetings. The Board meets on average six times a year, however additional meetings of the board may be convened by the Chair or at the written request of at least three trustees. The annual commitment for a Chair is on average 20 days a year, however this is a baseline expectation and could be more. The Chair's board fees do take extra work requirements into account. Responsibilities includes attending board and committee meetings, preparation and other duties.
To be successful in this role as Chair you will have:
experience in chairing a board
strong understanding of government processes, such as reporting to Ministers
experience in a political environment, engaging with Government and the Opposition
experience, or at least an understanding of, working in Pacific spaces
a background across many sectors, not necessarily restricted to broadcasting or media (however an understanding of these areas is critical)
an ability to collaborate and lead a team towards a vision and strategy
experience in managing and supporting a Chief Executive.
In accordance with the NPRT Deed of Trust:
" The Ministers or the Trustees, as the case may be, shall endeavour to appoint Trustees that have the skills, competence, experience, integrity and community links to act as Trustees and that are broadly representative of the Pacific Community including ethnicity, gender, age and geographic location."
Our reporting Ministers
The Appointing ministers for NPRT are Hon Kris Faafoi, Minister for Broadcasting and Media, and Hon Aupito William Sio, the Minister for Pacific Peoples. More information about our ministers is available here:
https://www.beehive.govt.nz/minister/biography/kris-faafoi
https://www.beehive.govt.nz/minister/biography/aupito-william-sio
The National Pacific Radio Trust (The Trust) is a schedule four (Public Finance Act 1989) entity which owns and operates the Pacific Media Network (PMN), a New Zealand radio network and pan Pacific national broadcasting network based in Auckland. PMN operates to "empower, encourage and nurture Pacific cultural identity and economic prosperity in Aotearoa". It broadcasts NiuFM to an Auckland audience, and 531pi nationwide.
The Trust receives funding from NZ On Air and is overseen by Manatū Taonga, the Ministry for Culture and Heritage. More about NPRT here: https://www.govt.nz/organisations/national-pacific-radio-trust/
Manatū Taonga Ministry for Culture and Heritage supports ministers to appoint and maintain effective boards of entities across Aotearoa New Zealand's art, heritage, broadcasting and sport sectors. We work to promote a confident and connected culture and to support more New Zealanders to connect with the culture and heritage of Aotearoa New Zealand. Want to know more about Manatū Taonga? View our ministry overview on our webpage here: https://mch.govt.nz/about-ministry/overview
Te Manatū mō Iwi o Te Moana-nui-a-kiwa Ministry for Pacific Peoples provides expert policy advice to Ministers and partnering government agencies to support the development of effective strategies and programmes targeted at Pacific communities. MPP works towards generating opportunities for Pacific peoples in New Zealand to prosper, by delivering robust policy and interventions that receive widespread support from stakeholders and the confidence of the government. More about MPP here: https://www.mpp.govt.nz/
You can find out more about being on an entity board on our Agency Boards and Nominations webpage https://mch.govt.nz/what-we-do/agency-boards-nominations which includes our governance e-manual.
To apply for this position, please download the 'Manatū Taonga board expression of interest form' on this page. Complete this form and email it to noms@mch.govt.nz. with a cover letter and CV if you wish. Background checks will be undertaken for shortlisted applicants. Your personal information will be handled in accordance with the Privacy Act 2020.
Applications close 5pm, Tuesday January 26th 2021.


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Problems that affect the achilles tendon are common among active middle aged people. These problems cause pain at the back of the calf, and may result in a rupture of the achilles tendon in severe cases.
The achilles tendon is a strong, fibrous band that connects the calf muscle to the heel. The calf is actually formed by two muscles, the underlying soleus and the thick outer gastrocnemius. Together, they form the gastroc-soleus muscle group. When they contract, they pull on the achilles tendon causing your foot to point down and helping you raise up on your toes. This powerful muscle group helps when you sprint, jump, or climb. Several different problems can occur that affect the achilles tendon, some rather minor and some quite severe.
A bursa is a fluid filled sac designed to limit friction between rubbing parts. These sacs, or bursae, are found in many places in the body. When a bursa becomes inflamed it is called a bursitis. Tendocalcaneal bursitis is an inflammation in the bursa behind the heel bone. This bursa limits friction where the thick fibrous achilles tendon that runs down the back of the calf glides up and down behind the heel.
Problems with the achilles tendon seems to occur in different ways. Initially, irritation of the outer covering of the tendon called the paratenon causes a paratendonitis. The word paratendonitis simply indicates that there is inflammation around the tendon. Inflammation of the tendocalcaneal bursa (described above) may also be present with the paratendonitis. Either of these conditions may be due to repeated overuse, or ill-fitting shoes that rub on the tendon or bursa.
Tendocalcaneal bursitis usually begins with pain and irritation at the back of the heel. There may be visible redness and swelling in the area. The back of the shoe may further irritate the condition, making it difficult to tolerated shoewear. Achilles tendonitis usually occurs further up the leg, just above the heel bone itself. The achilles tendon in this area may be noticeably thickened and tender to the touch. Pain is present with walking especially when pushing off on the toes. Finally, achilles tendon rupture is usually an unmistakable event. Some bystanders may report actually hearing the snap, and the victim of a rupture usually describes a sensation like someone kicked me in the calf. Following rupture there may be swelling in the calf and there is usually no ability to raise up on the toes.
Cortisone injection in this condition is not indicated, due to the increased risk of rupture of the tendon following injection.
Non-surgical treatment for an achilles tendon rupture is somewhat controversial. It is clear that treatment with a cast will allow the vast majority of tendon ruptures to heal, but the incidence of re-rupture is increased in those patients treated with casting for 8 weeks when compared with those undergoing surgery. In addition, the strength of the healed tendon is significantly less in patients who elect cast treatment. For these reasons, many orthopedists feel that achilles tendon ruptures in younger active patients should be surgically repaired.
Surgical treatment for achilles tendonitis is not usually necessary or most patients. However, in some cases of persistent tendonitis/tendonosis a procedure called debulking of the achilles tendon may be suggested to help treat the problem. This procedure is usually done through an incision on the back of the ankle near the achilles tendon. The tendon is identified and any inflamed paratenon tissue (the covering of the tendon) is removed. The tendon is then split and the degenerative portion of the tendon is removed. The split tendon is then repaired and allowed to heal. It is unclear why, but removing the degenerative portion of the tendon seems to stimulate repair of the tendon to a more normal state.
Surgery may also be suggested if you have a ruptured achilles tendon. Repair of the torn achilles tendon by re-attaching the two ends of the torn tendon. This procedure is usually done through an incision on the back of the ankle near the achilles tendon. There are numerous ways that have been used to actually repair the tendon, but most all involve sewing the two ends of the tendon together in some fashion. There are some repair techniques that have been developed to minimize the size of the incision.
In the past, the complications of surgical repair of the achilles tendon made surgeons think twice before suggesting surgery. The complications arose because the skin where the incision must be made is thin and has a poor blood supply. This can lead to an increase in the chance of the would not healing and infection setting in. Now that this is better recognized, the complication rate is lower and surgery is recommended more often.
After surgery, you will most likely be placed in a cast, or brace, to protect the repair -- and the skin incision. A cast or brace will probably be required for 6-8 weeks. Following removal of the cast, a shoe with a fairly high heel may be recommended for several weeks longer. Physical therapy will probably be recommended for regaining the motion of the ankle and the strength in the calf muscles.


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Experience the essence of Gatlinburg's comfort and luxury in our conveniently located hotels. All of our lodging options are just a short walk away from a variety of shops and restaurants. You couldn't ask for a better value.
Hotels are available on a first come first served bases. You select your hotel when you sign up and pay your deposit.
Over a dozen of the city's finest restaurants, attractions and theaters are within walking distance.
Suites with Balconies are on a 1st come 1st served bases, please request it under your hotel request in your registration form.
The kitchen area includes a refrigerator, microwave oven dishwasher, flatware, microwavable cookware, coffeemaker and toaster. Induction burner cooktops are also available free from the front desk.
Guest staying at this property will be charged a $250 credit or debit card authorization fee at check in. This will cover any cooking or smoke damages done to the room. If there are no damages to your room during your stay, after check out your $250 authorization fee will be released. This is non-negotiable and will be applied to each room, not each individual in the room.
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Complimentary gourmet coffee, tea and hot chocolate are available in the lobby 24/7.
Guest staying at this property will be charged a $250 credit or debit card authorization fee at check in. This will cover any damages done to the room. If there are no damages to your room during your stay, after check out your $250 authorization fee will be released. This is non-negotiable and will be applied to each room, not each individual in the room.


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