text:
Retail Roller Coaster
Investors hang on for what might be a wild ride this year.
By Beth Mattson-Teig |
Investors are maneuvering quickly to catch up with a retail property market that has done a 180-degree turn in the past year. This once-hot sector has cooled considerably in the wake of the capital markets crisis, the residential real estate slump, and a floundering economy. While investors and brokers are working harder to locate deals amid a more cautious environment, many are finding that ample opportunities still exist.
The fully leased, 80,247-sf Augusta Ranch Marketplace in Mesa, Ariz., sold for $18.7 million in February.
Turn back the calendar to the May 2007 International Council of Shopping Centers spring convention: "It looked like the retail boom was set to continue," says Martin P. Forster, CCIM, director of retail investment sales with Pocklington, Pocklington & Forster Retail Investment at Cushman & Wakefield in Orlando, Fla. But by summer's end, fallout from the subprime residential mortgage meltdown had contaminated the commercial real estate financing sector. The lending crunch was in full swing by fall. "It was looking to be a record year, but things just stopped," Forster says.
Retail sales volume dropped about 45 percent during 2007's latter half — from $46.2 billion in transactions during the first six months to $25.3 billion, according to Real Capital Analytics. "It was hard to lock in rates, and there were questions on whether you were even going to get financing. We saw a lot of busted deals," Forster says. "So it has been a tough environment, and there has been a sense of wait-and-see among sellers."
Both buyers and sellers are being affected by a tougher lending climate characterized by higher loan-to-value ratios, shifting spreads, and more-stringent underwriting. For example, the sale of the Village at Golden, a 67,000-square-foot retail strip center in Golden, Colo., closed in December 2007. Although the property sold for the original contract price of $6 million, the deal was shaky until the end. "Both the buyer and seller were very concerned about financing going right down to the wire," says Tom R. Dermody, CCIM, a senior investment adviser with Sperry Van Ness in Monument, Colo.
The Village at Golden, a 67,000-sf retail strip center in Golden, Colo., closed in December 2007 for $6 million, but due to market conditions the deal was shaky until the end.
While the shifting market hasn't scared buyers away, they are being more selective. "Investors still have an appetite for acquiring property, but buyers are demanding to see more money left on the table by the seller," Dermody says.
The big question is what lies ahead for the remainder of the year. "At this point, it feels like 2008 is going to be a bumpy road, with slower velocity when it comes to sales activity," says Bernie Haddigan, managing director of Marcus & Millichap's national retail group in Irvine, Calif. Pricing probably will remain flat among quality properties in primary markets, while prices in secondary markets and on lesserquality assets are likely to slide an average of 25 to 50 basis points by year-end, he adds.
The Capital Question
A number of dynamics in the retail investment arena have contributed to slower transaction volume. During first quarter 2008, a paltry $3.6 billion in properties changed hands, according to Real Capital Analytics.
Availability and cost of capital are having a huge impact on investment activity. "There is still a ton of money out there looking to buy retail property," says Joseph C. French Jr., CCIM, senior investment adviser for Sperry Van Ness in White Plains, N.Y. The difference is that buyers are not finding the leverage they had a year ago, which means they need to adjust the purchase price accordingly.
"Buyers are willing to buy, but they want a better return than sellers are willing to do yet," Haddigan adds. In December 2006, Marcus & Millichap brokered the $105 million sale of a Super Wal-Mart to a buyer who was able to obtain an interest- only, 10-year loan on 90 percent of the value. If the same property was for sale today, it probably would sell for no more than $75 million because the debt coverage ratio available would be so much lower, Haddigan says. A year ago, 85 percent to 90 percent loan-to-value financing was typical compared to the 65 percent to 70 percent ratio that is the norm today.
The credit crunch has created a shift away from the sellers market of recent years. In many cases, buyers are waiting for sellers to adjust pricing to reflect the higher capital costs. Average capitalization rates have been ticking up since second-quarter 2007, climbing from 6.57 percent at midyear 2007 to 6.9 percent in January 2008, according to RCA.
Anecdotally, pricing has shifted more dramatically in recent months depending on the individual property and local market. High demand for class A properties is expected to hold pricing and cap rates steady, while cap rates on some B and C properties have risen as much as 60 to 70 basis points. In addition, many industry experts predict bigger price discounts on lesser-quality deals in the coming year.
Secondary and tertiary markets where prices climbed amid the frenzied sales market now are beginning to see the pendulum swing back toward lower pricing. For example, there was no price differential for buyers who were purchasing a retail power center in Atlanta or a similar property in Birmingham, Ala. "That is not the case now," Haddigan notes. Buyers — and lenders for that matter — who are going into a secondary market or looking to buy a lower-quality property are going to be much more cautious about that risk and want pricing to reflect that risk, he adds.
Targeting Top Markets
In light of the forecast for slower economic and retail growth in the coming year, investors are working harder to identify markets that will buck that national trend. Cashon- cash returns and cap rates typically are higher in the Midwest than the coastal states and major cities including Los Angeles, New York, San Francisco, and Chicago.
"The upside and appeal in the coastal states and big cities is appreciation. Rents go up and in turn values go up," says William Hugron, CCIM, SIOR, ALC, senior vice president of Ashwill Associates in Newport Beach, Calif. "The Midwest traditionally does not see the same appreciation as the coastal states and big cities."
Land-constrained cities with barriers to entry for new retail development and cities that are exhibiting positive employment growth led Marcus & Millichap's National Retail Index for 2008. The top five markets included San Francisco, San Diego, Seattle, New York, and San Jose, Calif. The index also pointed out cities such as Tampa, Fla., Phoenix, and Riverside- San Bernardino, Calif., that are likely to struggle in the coming year due to their exposure to the housing market and retail overbuilding.
The west Texas market of Lubbock is "white hot," according to Randy Egenbacher, CCIM, owner of Egenbacher Real Estate in Lubbock. The city's retail sector has been buoyed by a continued strong local economy and residential market. In fact, the area actually is benefiting from the economic turmoil found elsewhere as investors have turned to markets such as Lubbock in search of stable real estate investments.
"Investors are coming into this market because they are having the same problem everywhere," Egenbacher says. "They are looking for good deals, and there are so many buyers in the primary markets that those deals are hard to find." Egenbacher recently sold Mira Vista for $3.1 million. The 25,500-sf unanchored strip center sold in 4Q07 to a private investor at an 8 percent cap rate.
Mira Vista, a 25,500-sf unanchored strip center in Lubbock, Texas, sold in 4Q07 to a private investor at an 8 percent capitalization rate.
Retail Prices and Capitalization Rates
1Q07 2Q07 3Q07 4Q07 1Q08
Average sale price psf $158 $139 $165 $172 $257
Average cap rate 6.56% 6.57% 6.66% 6.73% 6.90%
Source: Real Capital Analytics
"We're getting calls from a lot of firsttime investors," Egenbacher says. Individuals who may be new to real estate investment are going to LoopNet or CoStar to check listings and then contacting sellers such as Egenbacher directly. "I think the volatility in the stock market has driven more people our way," he says. That has been a growing trend over the past few years and is even more apparent now given the decline in the stock market during first quarter, he adds.
Flight to Quality
The capital crunch is creating a divide in the market in terms of quality, as buyers gravitate toward less risky investments. Well-located properties with good credit and national tenants remain popular with investors, while demand for B and C properties is beginning to diminish. "Since money has tightened up, certain property types are becoming very difficult to sell," French says. C properties, for example, are difficult to sell at any price. Investors still are looking at C properties, but they want very aggressive prices. A year ago, C properties might have sold at an 8 percent cap rate. Now those properties are likely to sell only if the price is greatly discounted.
Many investors are gravitating toward "bread-and-butter" retail properties, such as grocery- or discount-store-anchored community and neighborhood centers that often are perceived as recession proof. "During bad times and good times, people need to eat, and they need necessities," French says. That demand should benefit neighborhood and community centers that are home to grocery stores, drugstores, and fast-food restaurants.
Investors are eating up fast-food properties, which lead Marcus & Millichap's 2008 lineup of top-performing single-tenant retail investments. Healthy sales and rising prices are expected this year as consumers seek affordable dining options in an unstable economy.
Wholesale clubs such as Costco posted the only significant sales growth during the month of January with an increase of 6.3 percent, according to ICSC. Department stores and luxury chains posted the biggest declines in sales growth at 5.7 percent and 2.2 percent respectively. U.S. chain stores sales were up slightly in February with same-store sales growing 1.9 percent compared to the previous year.
Demand also remains strong for triplenet- leased properties such as free-standing drugstores and fast-food restaurants. "In the right markets, they still are selling at 6 percent caps, which is amazing to me because the cost of capital is 6 percent," French says. But those investors typically are cash buyers willing to pay a premium in order to defer capital gains as part of a Section 1031 tax-deferred exchange.
The tenancy-in-common industry also is expected to flourish. A pending exemption from the Securities and Exchange Commission would allow licensed commercial real estate brokers to participate in advising clients in the purchase of TICs packaged as securities. More importantly, real estate brokers would be eligible to collect a consulting fee on those deals. That could represent a lucrative niche for brokers, considering that TICs represent a $3 billion per year industry. Fractionalized ownership with exchange benefits and no management responsibility or negative cash flow appeals to many investors' goals and objectives, Hugron notes. "It's a huge opportunity that people don't really realize," he says.
Hugron recently represented a client who walked away with $1.7 million in proceeds from the sale of a horticultural nursery. Hugron helped his client roll that money into a 1031 exchange by investing in three separate TIC investments, including a stake in Cutler Bay Towne Center, a recently redeveloped retail center in Miami. The 103,566-sf center is 100 percent leased to tenants such as Office Depot and 24 Hour Fitness and benefits from traffic from the neighboring Publix grocery store. The purchase price was $30.5 million with a projected cash-on-cash return of 6.75 percent.
Other property types such as lifestyle centers may flounder in the more challenging economic environment. In recent years, the high cost of mall construction made lifestyle centers a natural fit for high-end mall tenants looking for new homes. Those also are the tenants that will be hardest hit in a slower economic cycle. "If we have a real recession, people won't be buying Prada bags and shopping in those high-end stores, which were responsible for driving the expansion of these lifestyle centers," French says.
In addition, while a groceryanchored center may be the gold standard in some parts of the country, it is not the rule everywhere. "In Southern California since we had a major grocery workers strike a few years ago, the grocery industry has not rebounded," Hugron says. In addition, consolidation within the grocery industry has resulted in many dark stores in recent years.
National Single-Tenant Transaction Snapshot
Property Location Sales Price Cap Rate Price PSF
Walgreens Gardnerville, NV $6,050,000 6.0% $408
CVS Pharmacy Grand Prairie, TX $3,100,000 7.3% $277
Wendy's Monrovia, CA $2,754,733 6.5% $1,052
Village Inn Restaurant Cedar Park, TX $2,350,000 7.8% $529
Denny's Grand Forks, ND $2,025,000 8.0% $447
Applebee's Louisville, KY $1,859,000 7.5% $425
Checker Auto Parts Phoenix, AZ $1,725,000 6.4% $216
7-Eleven Vienna, WV $1,717,791 8.2% $394
IHOP Jacksonville, FL $1,678,014 6.8% $298
Jack in the Box Santa Cruz, CA $1,666,177 5.2% $706
Source: Marcus & Millichap's Single-Tenant Outlook
Digging for Values
The down market undoubtedly will focus attention on value-add opportunities — whether that involves squeezing more income from existing properties through renovation or re-tenanting or pursuing opportunities to purchase and reposition struggling properties. "We're advising our clients to go back and look at each property and give it the attention they haven't in the last five years because they've been too busy racing around doing deals," Dermody says.
Owners need to look at shortcomings that may exist at a particular property, as well as identify specific opportunities for re-tenanting, boosting rents, and improving cash flow throughout their portfolios. "At least 50 percent of the time there is value in your portfolio that you may have overlooked," Dermody says.
Some investors may find that now is an ideal time to snap up values in markets that are experiencing a dip. In Greenville, S.C., for example, vacancies dropped about 100 basis points in 2007 to 7.5 percent at yearend. "Expansion activity from a lot of the national retailers and some restaurants is slowing. There are very few announcements of new retailers coming to town," says Ted Lyerly, CCIM, a retail broker with NAI Earle Furman LLC in Greenville.
That being said, Greenville has been a vibrant retail market over the past five years, and there still is strong investor interest among both local and national buyers. The current market actually represents a good opportunity for aggressive investors who can tolerate higher vacancies. "As with any downturn, there are folks that get pinched financially and it may be time to sell," Lyerly says. "We are talking to our clients about how this possible downturn will affect them and how to turn the situation around."
Many brokers are weathering the slower cycle of retail expansion by adapting to the unique dynamics within their own markets. In Dayton, Ohio, for example, retail leasing has cooled considerably, while restaurants continue to fuel deal flow. "The majority of the market activity right now is restaurant driven," says Kelly E. Gray, CCIM, a vice president at Richard Flagel Realty in Dayton. That activity is spurred by newcomers entering the market as well as some shake-ups among some of the existing concepts.
For example, four restaurants closed during a one-week period in January alone, including a Don Pablo's, Joe's Crab Shack, Ruby Tuesday, and an independent operator. At the same time, concepts such as the Melting Pot, Buffalo Wings & Rings, and Sonic Drive-In are all opening new locations in the Dayton metropolitan area. In fact, Sonic has opened eight new locations in the area in recent months.
Restaurant operators are eyeing both lease and buy options, and there is a good bit of vacant second-generation space on the market that remains very desirable. "People are being very picky in terms of what they want, and what they want is an A location," Gray says. "Rents for all of the available locations are quite expensive, so you need national or very strong regional players to come in and make a move."
Investors Move Cautiously
The retail sector will undoubtedly take a hit from slower economic growth and fears of waning consumer spending. The most immediate impact of slower retail growth will be on the development side. Developers and retailers are expected to proceed with projects already in the pipeline, but many retailers are putting additional store expansions on hold — at least for the short term. The completion of new retail centers is expected to total 125 million sf in 2008, a 16 percent drop from the 145 million sf built in 2007, according to Marcus & Millichap.
That being said, retail still is performing fairly well and fundamentals remain strong. "Although we are forecasting increased vacancy, it is nothing alarming," Haddigan says. "Vacancies are moving up slightly, but from a historical perspective, the retail market overall is generally healthy right now." The average U.S. retail vacancy rate is expected to increase 50 basis points in 2008 to 10.2 percent, following a 90 basis point increase last year, according to Marcus & Millichap. Approximately two-thirds of the space scheduled for completion this year already is preleased.
The current economic climate is more of a caution flag for retail investors rather than anything dire, Haddigan notes. "The market is cyclical. We tend to forget that because we have had such a long run," he says. "Long term, retail is still a good product type."
For those investors that can access capital, 2008 may be a welcome year as the intense competition for retail properties loosens up and brings with it more attractive pricing. In addition, some industry experts anticipate that there might very well be an influx of for-sale properties landing on the market in 2008 if real estate investment trusts sell off properties as a means to raise capital and boost profits. If that happens, there could be some additional softening of sale prices.
Brokers also will continue to benefit from strong demand from foreign investors. Since 2002, the value of the dollar has declined more than 20 percent, making U.S. property an attractive buy for foreign investors. Retail properties accounted for more than one-third of major foreign commercial real estate purchases last year, according to Marcus & Millichap.
Cash buyers in particular may benefit from the greater number of distressed properties that are likely to hit the market this year. Some tenants will struggle in a more difficult economic environment. And, for some owners who purchased highly leveraged centers, if they lose a key tenant they may not have sufficient operating income to meet their mortgages. By making contacts with the bankers, accountants, and lawyers, brokers can find owners who may be motivated to dispose of properties quickly. "The message that we as brokers need to take to heart is that the ownership of many of these assets may change hands," Forster says. "So there is potential for us to address a slightly different clientele."
Although 2008 may have gotten off to a slow start, many industry observers expect that investment activity will pick up later in the year. The most difficult time for brokers is when there is a pause in the market and pricing is not moving up or down. That's what happened in the last half of 2007. Now that prices are beginning to move, deal flow is likely to accelerate. "Anecdotally, we're getting a lot more calls and seeing a lot of buyers emerge and sellers decide this is the moment to sell," Forster says. "I think that some people will no longer be able to wait and will need to take action on their portfolios whether it's acquisitions or dispositions."
Beth Mattson-Teig
Beth Mattson-Teig is a business writer based in Minneapolis.
INSIGHTS AND ANALYSES FROM REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY LEADERS
Join 35,000 Commercial Real Estate Pros Who Receive Our Education Newsletter
Retail Resilience
Thomas P. LaSalvia, Ph.D., with Moody's Analytics, discusses how in-store retail shopping isn't going anywhere, even if e-commerce will continue to grow.
Commitment: The Cornerstone of Net Lease
One of the most appealing aspects of net lease is its focus on the long term. Since net leases are traditionally longer, investors can rely on stable continuous income, and tenants can count on predictable leasing costs.
Retail's Road to Recovery
Battered by COVID-19 — some more than others — retailers are looking to rebound with increased creativity, flexibility, and agility.
Market Trends in Commercial Real Estate
Medical Office Looks for Reopening Rebound | USDA Sees Little Movement on Land Values | Nearly 5 of 6 NYC Restaurants Unable to Pay Full Rent in July | Hotels Forecasted to Lose $75B in Revenue | School Year Starts with Plenty of Vacant Student Housing | Chicago Eyes Mixed-Use Projects to Boost Struggling Communities | Warehouse in Demand in Markets Large and Small | Data Centers Attract Interest Despite Overall Instability
Adaptive Reuse Briefings Brokerage Business Issues Candidate Spotlight By the Numbers CCIM Education CCIM Feature CCIM Q&A CCIM 50th Anniversary
Construction CCIM Connections CIRE Podcast CRE Innovations Development Distressed assets Employment trends Exchanges Financial analysis Financing
Financing Focus First-tier markets Foreign Investment Green building Group Investing Hospitality Industrial Economy Deal Makers Industry Voices
International Investment Analysis Land Leasing Legal Briefs Legal issues Legislation Lending Lodging Major markets
Market analysis Market Data Market forecast Marketing Multifamily Niche properties Office Partnerships President's Desk Product Resources
Property management Redevelopment Retail Second-tier markets Social media Leadership Sponsored Content Regional Outlook International Beat Site To Do Business
Market Trends Student Housing Tax issues Technology Technology Solutions Tenant representation Tenants Tertiary markets Valuation Urban Planning
Web Exclusive Workforce Housing Worldview


text:
The Science Behind 4 Of The Greatest Polymers Of All Time
Just because something is old doesn't mean it isn't still awesome!
By Martha Harbison | Published Nov 15, 2012 9:00 PM
Here at PopSci, we usually focus on the newest innovations in science and technology. But many past innovations in polymer science–the study of plastics and other similar materials–are still relevant and deserve recognition. They've saved lives, kept babies dry and made huge shark observation tanks possible. Some have tradenames that have gone on to represent an entire class of product, such as Kevlar. Others lurk in obscurity. Here are some of the most important materials and a glimpse into how scientists designed them to work their magic.
Applications: Lucite, dentures, aquarium windows
Developed in: 1877
Polymethylmethacrylate is a very versatile polymer. If you ever see a clear plastic block, it's probably PMMA. It was first commercialized in the 1930s in Germany, and is now found anywhere one needs clear, strong material. This includes bulletproof "glass" at your favorite corner liquor store and the huge shark tanks at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. But my favorite use of PMMA is in so-called "frozen lightning" or Lichtenberg figure sculpture. Basically, put a chunk of PMMA into an electron accelerator, fire a bunch of electrons into the plastic until it's got about two million volts of charge, then touch the side of the plastic with a bit of wire and watch as bolts of lightning carve tracks inside the clear plastic.
Superabsorbers
Applications: Diapers
Developed in: 1960s
Back in the day, diapers were made from cloth. Frequently, those cloth diapers were filled with wads of natural absorbent fibers. Then polymer scientists discovered in the 1960s that they could make hydrogels like polyacrylic acid that absorb many times their own weight of water. It took about two decades, but polymer superabsorbers debuted in diapers in the mid-'80s. Superabsorbers are sometimes (but not always) polyelectrolytes, meaning that the side groups on the polymer chains are positively or negatively charged. That helps the chains associate with polar liquids like water.
Kevlar and Nomex
Applications: Bbulletproof vests and fireproof clothing, respectively
Developed in: early 1960s (Nomex); 1965 (Kevlar)
Kevlar and Nomex are two polymers that belong to a class of compounds called aramids–aromatic polyamides. Aramids have particularly strong chemical bonds, and materials scientist exploit that strength when creating impact and fire-resistant fibers from the polymers. For example, Kevlar fibers are especially strong because all of the polymer chains align, one right next to the other, during fiber spinning. Nomex has a slight kink in the polymer chain, which means that fibers made from it cannot line up perfectly, and thus will be slightly weaker. Both are relatively fire-resistant, but Kevlar's strength can stop bullets. In addition to bulletproof vests, Kevlar shows up in snare drum heads. Nomex is used in fire-fighters' protective gear.
Application: Shrinky Dinks
Shrinky Dinks are awesome. Color some strips of plastic, pop 'em in the oven and watch them fold up onto themselves. It turns out that these rainy day items are made from the same polymer as Styrofoam cups: polystyrene. Polystyrene, which was first commercialized in Germany in 1931 (styrofoam wasn't developed until 1954 in the United States), is a very versatile polymer and millions of tons of it are produced annually. A Shrinky Dink starts out as a sheet of polystyrene that has been pressed and flattened while close to the melting point. This forces the polymer chains to stretch out and line up. The sheet cools and the polymer chains are frozen into place (think of it as stretching out a Slinky and holding it). When you throw a Shrinky Dink in the oven, the polymer sheet warms up, and the polymer chains start to move around. When hot enough, all of the polymer chains coil back up, making the sheet of polymer shrink, just like a Slinky will pull itself together when you let go. Scientists at Northwestern University recently took advantage of that property to create nanopatterned surfaces. To get structures really, really close together, they used the stretched polystyrene and printed dots on the surface. Then they heated up the sheet, which shrunk, creating a very high-density array of dots.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Enjoy a half day Sand Boarding (Sand Surfing) in the north of Agadir (an hour drive north of Agadir) on the Moroccan desert style.
We start at 14:00 from your hotel, than we drive to Essaouira roads, the road it will be in contrast between western high atlas and Atlantic coast, which means that there is nice panoramic views in the ways, we will crossing a many villages .
After an hour of drive on the seaside of the Atlantic ocean, passing by many villages on the way, including the surfers villages (Taghazout & Tamrakht) and the bannan village (Tamri)… We arrive to Timlalin (Sand dunes), where your Sand surfing experience take place by a wild beach (Taboga Beach).
We drive to top of taboga mountain we stop to have a pictures then we drive back to the sand dunes close to the beach, Doing the Sand boarding and Climb the sand ladder to leave the beach behind. Soon you will enjoy the tranquility of the dunes.
The return to the hotel is scheduled around 7 o'clock in the evening.


The island of St. Kitts (also St. Christopher), with an area of 177 km2 and a population of 36,000, comprises a chain of overlapping volcanic centers 28 km long and elongated NW-SE along the axis of the Active Arc of the Lesser Antilles. Baker (1969) described how volcanism migrated along the axis of the island with the centers becoming progressively younger towards the north west. The youngest and only active volcano is Mt. Liamugia (formerly Mt. Misery) which forms the north-west end of the island. Morphologically the island can be regarded as comprising four distinct components. Oldest is the Salt Pond Peninsula – a chain of eroded Pelean domes at the south-east end believed to have been active around 2.3 Ma (Baker, 1969) (Ma is a notation meaning million years). Also forming a component of this oldest part of the island are eroded remnants of other volcanic centers at Canada Hills and Conaree Hills on the south-east side of the island. Little is known about the geology of these hills but this oldest part of the island is 16km long and a distinct and separate part from the three younger stratovolcanoes that comprise the bulk of St. Kitts island. The middle part of the island comprises two tropical jungle covered eroded stratovolcanoes – the South East Range and the Middle Range – believed to be 1 to 2 million years old (Rex cited in Baker 1964). The stratovolcano of Mt Liamugia is believed to be less than 1 million years old.
The Salt Pond Peninsula is a chain and cluster of at least nine eroded Pelean domes with remnant aprons of block and ash flow deposits. The domes rise to 319m. Around and between the cluster of dome remnants that make up the south-eastern end of the island and along the length of the oldest part of the island (up to Canada Hills) beach formation has resulted in the formation of eight shallow lagoons or salt ponds. The low topography of the Salt Pond Peninsula results in a low rainfall and the area has a semi-desert vegetation without the formation of tropical rain forest typical of the higher volcanoes on the rest of the island.
The South East Range is a deeply eroded stratovolcano rising to 900m and comprising poorly exposed lava flows and volcaniclastic deposits. It has four peaks aligned NW-SE. There are two parasitic domes (Ottley's dome and the Monkey Hill dome) situated on the southern and eastern flanks respectively. The island capital of Basseterre and the airport are situated on the southeastern flanks of the South-East Range. This large area of level ground lies partly between the South East Range and the remnants of the older volcanoes at Canada Hills and Conaree Hills. Morphologically only a half of the Canada Hills volcano remains as it is abruptly truncated on its south-west side.
The Middle Range is another poorly-exposed, jungle-covered stratovolcano rising to 976m. It is morphologically separated from the South East Range yet is partly overlapped by Mt. Liamugia. There is a very small lake in a small summit crater. Baker (1963) described the volcano as being very similar to the South East Range volcano, but little is known about the center, although it is believed to be extinct.
Mt. Liamugia is a basaltic to andesitic stratovolcano with an open crater (777m E-W by 1006m N-S) and several parasitic domes. The stratovolcano has a SW-NE diameter of 5 km and rises to 1155m. The crater walls are 122m high on the west and 439m on the east and reveal that the superstructure comprises lava flows intercalated with coarse pyroclastic breccias. The peak of Mt. Liamugia appears to be a dome remnant. A pair of coalesced parasitic domes occur on the upper western flank of the volcano and Brimstone Hill is a third dome lying on the lower southwestern flank near the coast. The lower flanks of the stratovolcano are blanketed by a pyroclastic layer up to more than 40m thick named the Mansion Series by Baker (1963), comprising subaerial andesite layers with intercalated minor scoriaceous basaltic layers, that are mainly airfalls. The series shows much fluviatile reworking in many places. The series also blankets most of the island especially on the lower flanks of the volcanoes where it forms the fertile farmland. It has been eroded from the steeper upper slopes of the island (see Geological Map).
Radiocarbon dating and detailed reconstructions of particular pyroclastic layers of the Mansion series from stratigraphic sections logged around the island (Roobol and others, 1981) showed that much of the succession is less than 40,000 years old and that the pyroclastic activity was of two kinds and composition controlled. For each pyroclastic layer three parameters were measured at each locality: thickness in cm (TH), the average maximum length of the five largest juvenile clasts (MJ) and the average maximum length of the five largest lithic clasts (ML). Subtle differences in colour, vesicularity and clast shapes were matched against a master set of clasts carried from outcrop to outcrop and the study was assisted by the identification of distinctive marker units. The resulting maps show that the dispersal axes of black basaltic scoriaceous fall deposits result from Strombolian activity that produced low pyroclastic eruption columns that drifted to the north west and west by Lower Tropospheric or Trade Winds (Figure. 1). In contrast green and brown andesitic fall deposits resulting from Sub-Plinian and Plinian activity had higher eruption columns because they were dispersed to the south east and east by Upper Tropospheric or Anti-Trade Winds (Figure 2). These contrasted styles of dispersal are summarized in a schematic diagram in Figure 3. The green andesite airfall layers of the Mansion series commonly contain microvesicular, subangular clasts due to some limited interaction of magma with external water that partly drove these eruption columns. The Mansion series contains carbonized wood (some standing in growth positions) for distances of up to 11km from the crater of Mt. Liamugia. Vegetation is thought to have been ignited by large juvenile ballistic bombs of dense green andesite measuring up to 15cm long at distances of 8km from the crater.
Extensive pyroclastic flow deposits are well preserved on the north and west lower flanks of Mt. Liamugia and are well exposed in low sea cliffs. The deposits are both andesitic and basaltic andesitic resulting from dome forming Pelean and open-crater St. Vincentian style activity. In addition flow deposits of mixed magma scoria and ash flow types are also present. In these, the black scoria clasts contain flow bands of cream colored vesicular andesite. The alternations in eruptive style resulted in destruction of Pelean domes so that some of the scoriaceous pyroclastic flow deposits contain coarse grained layers of lithic lag breccias. The pyroclastic flow deposits were radiocarbon dated at 2,000 to 3,000 years B.P.
The youngest deposits of Mt. Liamugia were named the Steel Dust Series by Baker (1963) and occur on the western flanks (Figure 4). They are a thin series of pyroclastic falls and base-surge deposits dated at around 1,650 years B.P. (Baker, 1983).


Chapter 1 briefly introduces the Chinese as a second language (0523) course to help students know about the exam requirements for the new 2018 syllabus which has the first exam in 2020. This chapter also includes the basic text formats, language points, conjunction words and question words to help students well prepare for their writing and speaking exams.
the similar mistakes in their own writing, the book includes some examples of essays with typical mistakes and marking scheme. At the end of each theme, there are "question bank" and "the most frequently used words on the theme". Students can practice writing according to the questions. "Practice makes perfect". More practice will make students' writing skills improve.
Chapter 3 focuses on the oral exam. This chapter is also based on the four themes specified in the course outline. For students to have a clearer understanding of the oral exam mode, the book gives a full transcript sample of the oral exam including part 1 "presentation", part 2 "follow-up questions and answers" and part 3 "general questions and answers". Apart from this, the book also has plenty of model transcript texts on different themes as well as a "question list" so that students can well prepare for their oral exam.


text:
layout: relation
title:  'amod'
shortdef : 'adjectival modifier'
---

Nouns may take adjectival modifiers, which are marked with the
dependency type `amod`. It is also possible for an adjective to take
another adjective as a modifier. (These adjectival modifiers are
generally expressed with _-ly_ adverbs in English.)

<!-- fname:amod_noun.pdf -->
~~~ sdparse
Tien vieressä on suuri kivi . \n Road next_to is large rock .
nmod(on-3, Tien-1)
adpos(Tien-1, vieressä-2)
nsubj(on-3, kivi-5)
amod(kivi-5, suuri-4)
punct(on-3, .-6)
~~~

<!-- fname:amod_adjective.pdf -->
~~~ sdparse
poikkeuksellisen suuri kivi \n exceptional(ly) large rock
amod(suuri-2, poikkeuksellisen-1)
amod(kivi-3, suuri-2)
~~~

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Today Magazine Winter 2020 - Page 6
Education for All By: Kirsten Swanson A t its core, Gwynedd Mercy University is an institution that values the dignity and respect of each person and prepares students for meaningful lives in a global society. The recently launched Integrated Studies program underpins the University's commitment to academic excellence and lifelong learning for all. "GMercyU believes strongly in creating opportunities for all, and fostering an inclusive and welcoming community, all of which aligns with the critical concerns of the Sisters of Mercy," Program Coordinator of Integrated Studies Ariana Amaya, OTD, OTR/L said. Integrated Studies is a fully-inclusive, non-degree certificate program on GMercyU's campus, offering two-year or four-year college experiences for young adults with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (ID/DD) who otherwise could not attend college. Students participating in the program will be active members of the campus community as they will audit college courses, participate in community- based internships, attend sporting events, eat in the dining hall, and have the opportunity to live in the residence halls. Students will earn a non-degree certificate of Integrated Studies and a university transcript that includes the courses and internships completed as well as a portfolio of highlighted work. GMercyU is one of only 84, four-year 4 TODAY " GMercyU believes strongly in creating opportunities for all, and fostering an inclusive and welcoming community, all of which aligns with the critical concerns of the Sisters of Mercy. universities to offer housing as an option for students with intellectual/ developmental disabilities. Almost 69.7% of all young adults in the United States attend college following high school graduation, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (2017), and have more than 7,000 institutions from which to choose (National Center for Education Statistics, 2016). By comparison, 28.7% of young adults with ID enroll in college post-high school, with only 278 options to choose from across the nation (Newman et al., 2011; Think College, 2018). "The community's need for additional programming for this population is evident, and the University embraced the initiative from the very beginning as it aligned with its Mercy mission," Dr. Amaya said. GMercyU received a start-up grant from the Pennsylvania Inclusive Higher Education Consortium (PIHEC) to launch the program. PIHEC is funded by the U.S. Department of Education through the acquisition of a Transition and Postsecondary Programs for Students with Intellectual Disabilities (TPSID) grant. The Program welcomed its first two students in January 2020, Nick McGee and Jasmine Hall. The two are enrolled in courses and have quickly become a part of the campus community. " - Dr. Ariana Amaya Nick and Jasmine are paired with peer mentors, fellow GMercyU students who provide support both in and out of the classroom and help them transition to life on campus. "Being a part of this program is an opportunity to continue the mission of inclusion on this campus. The impact that this program will make on the GMercyU community and the workforce is limitless because of the value of inclusion and neurodiversity," said peer mentor Andrew Harbaugh '20. Nick often talks about the significance of paving the way for students with disabilities at the University. "Once a Griffin, always a Griffin," Nick said. Jasmine says that Integrated Studies will help her to "be successful and gain knowledge every day." Learn more about Gwynedd Mercy University's Integrated Studies Program.
Joomag Digital Publishing
Joomag Newsstand


Wireless mesh networks have emerged as adaptable and low cost networks. Selfish behavior of mesh routers degrades performance. Expected Forwarded Counter (EFW) is a cross layer metric which combines link quality and forward reliability has been introduced to deal with the problem of selfish behavior in order to provide reliable routing. This paper proposes an enhancement to the EFW, by considering congestion incurred due to selecting only high quality paths. The performance of proposed metric is evaluated through simulation. Simulation results show that overall routing performance has been increased in terms of throughput and packet delivery ratio.


text:
Tag: divorce court
What is Shared Parenting?
"An arrangement whereby children freely enjoy the love and nurture of both parents and their wider family following separation or divorce …it does mean that sufficient time is spent with each parent for the child to view each parent as a parent rather than an aunty or uncle."
(ASP definition of Shared Parenting as adopted by CAFCASS in 2004)
Shared parenting is an arrangement after divorce wherein both parents continue to have a strong positive presence in their children's lives. Shared parenting entails that a child spend equal or significant amounts of time with each parent.
As a divorce and family law attorney I see a huge shift towards a more collaborative approach between parents to share equal time with their children after divorce.
Shared parenting arrangements may differ to suit various situations. Time between each parent may be split 50/50 or the children may live with one parent for example, four days every week and the rest of the week with another parent.
After divorce, shared parenting is a preferred alternative to asking the children to choose where they want to live. Many children prefer shared parenting rather than the traditional arrangements. With shared parenting, the children still has the chance to have a meaningful relationship with both of their parents.
There are many benefits to shared parenting. It allows a child to have both his/her parents present in his/her life and although the child has to switch between two homes, shared parenting reassures the child that both parents care for them. This arrangement is more beneficial to a child than when they live with only one parent because often the latter creates a distance both physical and emotional between the child and the "absent" parent.
Studies show that children of divorced couples who retain meaningful relationships with each parent are the ones who find it easier to deal with the breakup of their parents. Research also shows shared parenting is possible despite intense conflict between parents if the parents focus on what is best for their children.
Almost half of the children in the U.S. are deprived of the lifelong benefits of two parents who share the parenting throughout the first 18 years of their children's lives.
The Benefits of Shared Residence and Shared Parenting
Removes the need for a child to choose between the parents
Allows both parents to love and nurture the child in much the same way as they did prior to parental separation and therefore promotes the continuation of family life
The child does not feel rejected by the non-resident parent and does not blame himself
Confirms to the child that he still has two parents who love and wish to care for him
The child derives emotional and psychological security from having two fully engaged parents
The child is no longer brought up to believe that the resident parent is the real, better or main parent and that the non-resident parent is a lesser parent or to be rejected
Re-affirms the responsibility of each parent to care and provide for the child
Sends a clear message to the resident parent, schools, doctors and the courts that both parents are equal and that all decisions relating to the child should be based on this principle
The child is more likely to grow up in a well-adjusted manner
Reduces parental hostility as it requires both parents to negotiate and make joint decisions
B.Proc; AD Dip L Law
C: +27 (0) 83 443 9838
E: bertus@divorceattorney.co.za; W: www.divorceattorney.co.za; Twitter: www.twitter.com/edivorce;
Facebook: www.facebook.com/divorceattorneys; Skype: divorceattorney
Divorce and the impact of the recession – Sunday Times Article
While financial matters are one of the biggest strains on a marriage and a primary cause of divorce, the divorce rate has declined during the recession.
This, say some experts, is because getting divorced is costly, especially so when times are tough. Moreover, most lawyers require a deposit before they will consider a case.
People would rather hold back on divorce proceedings because of the cost involved. In many cases when there is a strain on the marriage, the main breadwinner will not disclose some sources of income or other financial details, which makes it very difficult for the other spouse to file for divorce. By default, this results in the couple staying married.
Couples have been choosing to separate or to stay together in an unhappy relationship. Most of the complaints, especially by women, are that they cannot afford to get divorced and are unsure whether they will be financially secure after divorce.
The economic climate is not that good, and people still have a lot of debt. Some people can't afford to get divorced because of that.
Bertus Preller, an attorney at Bertus Preller & Associates, says couples are being coerced into staying together for pragmatic financial reasons.
Maintaining two separate households while relying on the income once used to support a single household can be very difficult when times are tough, he says.
"I also think that our challenging financial climate may have prompted individuals to reconsider the role of marriage by thinking more of it as a quest for financial stability than a quest for finding a soulmate."
In a US survey in which 1197 married couples were asked how their relationship had changed during the recession, a third said their marriage was at a high risk of divorce through added financial stress, while 38% of couples who had been considering divorce delayed their plans because of the costs, including legal fees and setting up separate households.
About 30% said the struggle of surviving the recession had brought them closer to their partner as they weathered the storm together.
More than half of the 1600 attorneys who are members of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers reported a 40% downturn in their business in 2009, a phenomenon the New York Daily News described as "sleeping with the enemy".
Those same lawyers are now being inundated with new clients as financial stability returns. The Financial Times reported that, in a signal of economic recovery, the US divorce rate was growing.
A stronger economy, lower unemployment and a housing market that is stabilizing are contributing to a rise in divorce filings.
"There is a definite increase in divorce instructions this year in comparison to 2010," says Preller.
"From this, one may assume that the economy is slowly starting to pick up and, unfortunately, the divorce rate is too."
Article by: Adele Shevel – Sunday Times: http://www.timeslive.co.za/sundaytimes/article1064919.ece/Recession-puts-brakes-on-divorce
Bertus Preller is a Divorce and Family Law Attorney in Cape Town and has more than 20 years experience in most sectors of the law and 13 years as a practicing attorney. He specializes in Family law and Divorce Law at Bertus Preller & Associates Inc. in Cape Town. Bertus is also the Family Law expert on Health24.com and on the expert panel of Law24.com and is frequently quoted on Family Law issues in newspapers such as the Sunday Times and Business Times. His areas of expertise are Divorce Law, Family Law, Divorce Mediation, Parenting Plans, Parental Responsibilities and Rights, Custody (care and contact) of children, same sex marriages, unmarried fathers rights, domestic violence matters, international divorce law, digital rights, media law and criminal law.
Co-Parenting after Divorce, Tips from a Family Law Attorney
Basic Conflict Resolution for Co-Parents
It's hard enough as a married couple to keep lines of good communication open and flowing. It can seem like an insurmountable problem if you are divorced. Your old ways of nitpicking at each other, anger and frustration will crop up again. After all, if you and your former spouse don't know each other's hot buttons, who does?
If you find yourself in conflict with your co-parent, here are some tips:
You are Divorced Now
You are no longer a couple who is trying to stay together and work on your marital relationship. The focus of your relationship must now shift from being about the two of you to being about two separate individuals doing your best to raise your children in the most amicable, cooperative way possible.
Make a Resolution to Start Fresh
A very effective way to move into a new relationship as co-parents rather than spouses is to give each other a chance to start anew. Give each other a clean slate and an opportunity to build a new and different relationship, leaving past arguments behind you.
Demonstrate Respect
You're a role model, and your children are watching you very, very closely. Showing your children that mom and dad can respect each other and resolve conflict respectfully will give them a good foundation for the conflict that arises in their own lives. Demonstrating respect involves a lot of non-verbal communication. Do your best to remain relaxed and focused, use a calm tone of voice and a concerned facial expression when tensions rise.
Don't Put it Off
If conflict arises, meet it head on and deal with it immediately. If you sweep it under the rug, it could add to your stress level and grow from a small issue to a large resentment. If it is a major concern, discuss it in private, away from the children. Be hard on the problem, not on the people. Focus on solutions rather than guilt, shame and blame. Make sure you are listening to your former spouse as you brainstorm for solution. It is tempting to hear everything your ex says as "yadda yadda yadda," so try to listen actively even though it may seem you've heard it all before.
Take the High Road
Once your children are grown, you won't have to parent together any more in terms of caretaking, discipline, school, health issues, etc. and you'll be out of the day-to-day contact which might be challenging you now. But keep an eye toward the future—it will be fun to be grandparents, and it will be easier if you can get along well enough to dance at your child's wedding and not make them choose where the grandkids spend Thanksgiving. If you want your children to have a good relationship with both you AND your former spouse, there will be times when you may have to put your own feelings aside temporarily. Keep in mind that you only have the power to change the things you can, and the rest is just something you'll have to let go.
Homes Sweet Homes
Your children now have two homes. To avoid conflict around custody and visitation schedules, be flexible, prompt and respectful. Also, don't use transfer time to discuss problems. Put agenda items in writing for a meeting later.
There will be many school and sporting events that your children will have that they will want you both to attend. Be on your best behavior at these times and as polite and nice to your former spouse as possible. Even making subtle jabs at each other in front of the kids' friends is humiliating and distracting. And no screwing around with coming late to practice, or skipping it altogether. Let your kids have a childhood.
Ask any adult child of divorce if this is good advice. I know it's tempting to take the low road during your divorce (I am divorced and remarried myself). But the short run rush you get from that biting comment or throwing a monkey wrench into your co-parent's plans is short lived, while the fall out may be permanent. Make your divorce easier on yourself by making it easier for your co-parent, not to mention your kids.
Compiled by Bertus Preller – Family and Divorce Law Attorney at Abrahams and Gross Attorneys in Cape Town, South Africa.
Source: Diana Mercer is the co-author of Making Divorce Work: 8 Essential Keys to Resolving Conflict and Rebuilding Your Life (Penguin 2010), and Your Divorce Advisor (Simon & Schuster 2001) and a mediator at Peace Talks Mediation Services, Inc.
Divorce Questions: Interview with Bertus Preller Family and Divorce Law Attorney Cape Town
Divorce Questions: Interview with Bertus Preller Family Law Attorney
Most couples going through the end of their marriage ask the same divorce questions. Regardless of how long people were married, they still need to find a Family Law Attorney and sort through issues regarding property, finances, children, and emotional trauma. Having accurate information is a crucial part of the divorce and healing process.
Family and Divorce Law Attorney Bertus Preller is a Family Law Specialist. A graduate of the Free State and University of Johannesburg, he represents celebrities and other high-net worth individuals in their divorce proceedings in South Africa.
How does one choose a good divorce lawyer?
Everyone differs in what type of attorneys suits them. For instance, do they want an attorney who will parent them or an attorney who will partner with them? Naturally, there are other variables to consider as well, like reputation, credentials, experience, and background. Getting references from contacts a person knows and trusts, especially from one's accountant, business attorney, estate planning attorney or therapist, is the best way to find a good divorce attorney.
Does the end of a marriage have to turn into a battle?
"No, it does not," Bertus Preller said. However, there often is some battle over one issue or another-like the division of property or who gets custody of the children. It is normally the battles over control in one area or another that precipitated the divorce in the first place. If a couple could not get along during the marriage, often the divorce is simply an amplification of those problems. "I tend to try to follow a more collaborative approach in dealing with divorce matters, and consider a number of ways to settle issues, whether through mediation or negotiating the best possible outcome for the client. We tend to see a number of ill experienced mediators offering services such as divorce mediation, offering a quick break with less emotional trauma and less costs. This may be a good option, but the reality is that mediation can be more expensive than an uncontested divorce; the other problem is that some mediators have absolutely no understanding of the legal consequences of the patrimonial issues of the divorce. You simply can't mediate a divorce with a degree in psychology when there are legal issues involved and it frequently happens that one party is in fact at the end of the day in a much worse position".
How can parents minimise the affect of divorce on their children?
"They can and should leave the children out of their immediate battles at all times," Bertus Preller said. "Whether during the divorce process itself or long after it has ended. Spouses have no right bringing children into the differences that they have with each other. They should also give the children support and understanding throughout the divorce trauma and always show the utmost respect to the other spouse no matter how hard that may seem."
How do courts determine the distribution of assets if one spouse is a stay at home parent or earns substantially less than the other?
In a marriage in community of property, it is important to establish the net value of the communal estate at the date of divorce. Then one can establish what each party is entitled to. Often, spouses can't agree on a division on the joint estate and a Receiver or Liquidator needs to be appointed to divide the assets. When a marriage in community of property dissolves through divorce, each spouse is entitled to 50% of the joint estate, which includes the parties' pension benefits.
In a marriage out of community with accrual, an auditor often needs to be appointed to determine the accrual. Preller said however he's been involved in a number of divorce matters where extremely wealthy people were married in community of property. They may not have received the proper legal advice, "or became so focussed on the wedding ceremony that they forget about the consequences of a failed marriage.
We're getting divorced because my spouse cheated on me. How do I make him/her "pay" for this mistake?
"Seeking vengeance is never the answer," Bertus Preller said. "There is an old Spanish proverb: 'Living well is the best revenge,' is what the injured party should focus on and strive for. There is no win in trying to make someone pay for any betrayal in a marriage. However, in terms of South African law an aggrieved spouse is able to claim compensation against a third party who was the cause of the divorce.
I'm trying to be reasonable, but my spouse and I just can't agree on major issues like who gets custody of the kids or who should keep the house. What should I do?
"Seek the advice of your attorney," Bertus Preller said. "A mediation session might help with a respected attorney. This is what you pay your attorney to do: resolve major issues and help you come to reasonable solutions. If all else fails you may have to take your case to court and have the judge decide, but this is not always the best possible way, settlement soon in the proceedings is always the best outcome for everyone"
Bertus Preller is a Divorce and Family Law Attorney in Cape Town and has more than 20 years experience in law and 13 years as a practising attorney. He specializes in Family law and Divorce Law at Bertus Preller & Associates Inc. in Cape Town. Bertus is also the Family Law expert on Health24.com and on the expert panel of Law24.com. His areas of expertise are Divorce Law, Family Law, Divorce Mediation, Custody (care and contact) of children, same sex marriages, unmarried father's rights, domestic violence matters and international divorce law.


Gordon Klingenschmitt, a United States former Navy Chaplain was recently interviewed by David Pakman about the repeal of DADT. Sexism, homophobia, and general nonsense ensued.
Pak: Let's be clear. You're saying that being gay and being attracted to other men is the same as saying "I am a woman"?
Klingenschmitt: It's certainly saying that spiritually inside there is something that causes me to feel feminine feelings – And that is the devil.
The Among the better nuggets of pure nonsense Klingenschmitt has to say, "The number of homosexuals coming in will never eclipse the mass exodus of Christians leaving the military." And this is where we go a bit bananas.
Over and over again we hear bigots treating Don't Ask Don't Tell's repeal as if gays will begin entering the armed forces now. Soldiers will be forced to shower with gay soldiers! Soldiers will be forced to sleep in the same bunks as gays! Openly gay soldiers will ogle their heterosexual counterparts! And so on. This sort of argument completely sidesteps the reality of the situation. Gays are already serving in the military. Gay and straight soldiers are already showering, sleeping and serving together – to zero detriment! The repeal of Don't Ask Don't Tell simply ends the gag order on gay soldiers to discuss their personal lives. That's it! That is all it does.
Other winning points include, "When God removes his hand of blessing, I'm concerned as a chaplain, that America will no longer be able to fight and win wars." Oh Reeeeeally? We have verrrrry different ideologies concerning the "blessings" of God on killing.
The real trouble here is simply that that chaplain or not, this man's religious lens has no business being applied to the projected DADT writings on the wall. It's not a religious matter, just as not every soldier in the United States Armed Forces believes in his God, or practices religion at all. His entire argument is a moot point.
If you like being riled up and getting all stressed out about the moral clauses of bigots, take a gander below!
How do you like your sexuality being called a "Demonic Disease"?


text:
Home » News » IPL 2022: 3 Franchises Who Are at an Advantage As IPL Announces New Format
IPL 2022: 3 Franchises Who Are at an Advantage As IPL Announces New Format
IPL 2022: IPL never seems to amaze us with different formats every season thus adding to the thrill and excitement. The Indian Premier League (IPL) Governing Council has revealed the format for the upcoming edition. The ten teams have been divided into two groups based on a seeding system that takes into account the number of titles won by the franchises.
Here are today's IPL Match Prediction and updates for the 2022 Season.
Five times champions, Mumbai Indians will lead Group A followed by Kolkata Knight Riders, Rajasthan Royals, Delhi Capitals, and Lucknow Super Giants. While four-time champions Chennai Super Kings will lead Group B. The other teams in the group in order are Sunrisers Hyderabad, Royal Challengers Bangalore, Punjab Kings, and Gujarat Titans.
Each team will play the teams in its group as well as the team placed in the opposite group's same row twice. Each team will play the rest of the teams in the other group only once, for a total of 14 league games per team.
Mumbai, for example, will face the other four teams in Group A – Kolkata, Rajasthan, Delhi, and Lucknow- as well as Chennai from Group B twice each.
IPL have confirmed the two groups for IPL 2022.
Each team will play twice with the other teams in their group and with the team in the same row in the other group. With the other teams in the second group, they will play once.#IPL #IPL2022 pic.twitter.com/eiL3tLEAf8
— Sportskeeda (@Sportskeeda) February 25, 2022
With the groupings announced and the league phase of the tournament set to take place in Mumbai and Pune, some teams find themselves in a strong position. We'll take a look at three of them below:
Looking for more Cricket Tips? Check it out here and know more about the upcoming match.
IPL 2022: 3 teams who have an advantage after the new grouping system
1) Mumbai Indians
Mumbai Indians (MI) lead Group A, while Chennai Super Kings (CSK) are set to play them twice in the opposing group. MI are the only team with a better head-to-head record against CSK, having won seven of their last nine meetings with them.
MI also has the upper hand over DC and KKR, with a dominant record against the latter in particular. In recent years, the Rajasthan Royals have had a history of upsetting strong teams. However, MI's squad appears to be far more balanced than the Royals' for IPL 2022.
It's also the case of familiar conditions for Mumbai as IPL 2022 will be staged in Maharashtra. Not to forget the intimidating batting lineup and a fiery bowling unit of MI. Taking all these factors into account, Mumbai Indians will enter another tournament as favourites.
2) Royal Challengers Bangalore
Will RCB win the elusive title this season? Well! they already have an advantage after the new seeding system and the two new groups. RCB will only have to face some of the tougher opponents, such as the Mumbai Indians and Delhi Capitals, once. This gives them an additional advantage in the IPL 2022.
Furthermore, a look at the RCB lineup indicates that their bowling attack is one of the most potent ahead of the new season. As we saw last year, the ball tends to swing early on in Mumbai and Pune. Thus, indicating that RCB bowlers can pose serious questions to the opposition batters.
RCB will face Rajasthan twice and they have a good head-to-head record against the pink brigade. Their only tough assignment will be against CSK who have been heavily reliant on Ruturaj Gaikwad and Ravindra Jadeja.
3) Delhi Capitals
The Delhi Capitals (DC) play in Group A. In addition to the four other teams in their group, DC will face the Punjab Kings (PBKS) twice in Group B. The Capitals have a well-rounded squad, and their likely starting XI is regarded as one of the best in the league. Given the balance issues that teams like the Rajasthan Royals (RR) face, the Capitals have an advantage in that regard.
Delhi has had an upper hand over Mumbai in the last season, winning both their games. This season too their squad is much stronger compared to Mumbai. They also look in better shape when compared to KKR, who have lot of holes to fill. Punjab Kings have a gun squad but most of them will together for the first time. Thus, if the groupings are any indication, the Capitals appear to be well-positioned for the upcoming season.
Get the latest and the best betting Apps here for IOS and Android.


A quick reminder … the speaker is #3 in the POTUS hierarchy. Why does this toad want the pres and veep impeached?
Ever watch the TV show "Designated Survivor"? At the State of the Union address, a bomb is set off and everyone killed, except one guy who did not go. The 17th in the order becomes President.
Just as a cautionary note, I would not underestimate the Dems come the midterms. They are engaged and angry. Now we will see if that translates into turnout. Turnout is what it will all come down to and if they get back in power, you will never see another Republican in the WH again. They will pull every dirty trick in the book and a few not in the books to keep that power. It's make or break for them.
It is scary to think there are that many mentally ill people in this country that still vote Democrat. We are doomed if true, but will not be alone --- they will drown along with the rest of us.


Kookie the Koala is the cutest native from "down under." In fact, we found him skiing between snowy trees while snacking on eucalypus leaves. And guess what? His nose goes BEEP if you press it! So with Kookie on your helmet, push his nose to say "Hey! I'm coming through!"


Backed up the existing file structure and database.
Ran the automatic upgrade which took around five seconds to complete.
That's really all there was to the upgrade from WordPress v3.1.4 to WordPress v3.2 for my blog. Everything else has been related to trying out the new default Twenty Eleven theme and slowly modifying and tweaking it. Like I did with the Twenty Ten theme, I made a Twenty Eleven child theme so that I did not have to modify the parent's files and risk loosing any of my changes if the theme was updated in the future. In my child theme, I'm using my own style.css (you have to), header.php, footer.php, and single.php files.
I've got the main front-end page looking satisfactorily now with adjustments to font colors and sizes and the overall layout of the page (margins and widths of sections) and how PHP code blocks appear for the posts that have them. I'm not going to go into detail about it since these kind of things are all subjective.
The next thing I will tackle is the appearance or layout of the single post page. Right now there's a lot of wasted or white space below the header image (some might argue that the header image itself is a waste of space). Some of the white space is related to the Twitter and Facebook buttons being there and I really do not like where they are in relation to each other. I'd prefer them to be next to each other. Part of this is related to the plug-ins I am using. I'll get it how I want it eventually.
For more information about the changes as well as the new system requirements for this version (mainly the minimum PHP and MySQL versions supported), read the WordPress 3.2 Codex Page.
This entry was posted in WordPress and tagged PHP on July 6, 2011 by Mark Headrick.


text:
UTV Elite League
Giants remember Stephen Clements ahead of home win
Giants blaze to back-to-back wins over Coventry
Giants back on track with home win over Manchester
Former Belfast Giants game night announcer Stephen Clements has been remembered with a poignant tribute, before the side's latest home win.
The Belfast Giants have continued their return to winning form with back-to-back victories over the Coventry Blaze, home and away.
The Belfast Giants have taken a home win over Manchester Storm and will be hoping they can now continue to lift themselves out of a slump.
Belfast Giants snap up Team GB forward Ben Lake
The Giants announce the departures of top goalie Tyler Beskorowany and star forward Darcy Murphy, but have snapped up Team GB's Ben Lake.
Giants captain Blair Riley quits side after new offer
Blair Riley will not be returning to the Belfast Giants, despite helping them to three trophies and a place in the Champions Hockey League.
Giants crowned champions as Cardiff fall at final hurdle
The Belfast Giants have been crowned the Elite League champions, after the Cardiff Devils were beaten in their final game by Coventry Blaze.
Giants miss out on cup final after defeat by Devils
The Belfast Giants fell to a 5-1 defeat at the hands of the Cardiff Devils in their Challenge Cup semi-final decider on Wednesday night.
Last-minute goal gives Giants first leg win over Devils
A Jim Vandermeer slapshot saw the Belfast Giants beat the Cardiff Devils in the last minute of their Challenge Cup semi-final first leg.
Giants take dramatic last-gasp win over Storm
The Belfast Giants took a dramatic overtime win over Manchester with just eight seconds left to progress to the Challenge Cup semi-finals.
Giants weather Storm to tie up quarter-final first leg
The Belfast Giants fought their way back to a 3-3 draw against the Manchester Storm in their Challenge Cup quarter-final first leg game.
Edinburgh Capitals
Fife Flyers
Manchester Storm


Aluzinc garage doors Randburg are available in a multitude of colours and styles to fit in with your decor. Doors are supplied standard in bronze , charcoal , brown and white. The garage doors can also be powder coated to colour of choice. In addition you may choose between 2 different designs.
Aluzinc garage doors Randburg are manufactured using Aluzinc steel. These doors comprise of 55% Aluminium and 45% Zinc. They are available in two different design options namely the horizontal slat and the block designs.
All Aluzinc garage doors Randburg are available from Superfit Doors.
The Aluzinc range in Randburg is available in a multitude of styles and colours to fit in with your decor.
Steel garage doors Randburg are standard on many homes that were built in the 50s and 60's and then through the 80s but as steel prices began to climb; housing builders, designers and manufacturers began to experiment with other materials for garages such as wood, composites and aluminum.
Typically, steel garage doors Randburg are manufactured with a high grade steel of 24 or 25 gauge which helps to insure security and durability. Many of the steel garage doors have an aluminum bottom weather-seal retainer system to help keep elements such as rain and snow out of the garage.
Since the use of Aluzinc and Aluminium to produce garage doors steel has become less appealing and more expensive. Although many people still refer to a steel garage door the point of reference now is aluzinc or aluminium garage doors.


text:
LAWS & REMEDIES
> Chikaly
Taking Control of Your BC Trust. Agency Conversion, Administrative Courts. 5 USC 552a (a) (13) "the term "Federal personnel" means officers and employees of the Government of the United States, members of the uniformed services (including members of the Reserve Components), individuals entitled to receive immediate or deferred retirement benefits under any retirement program of the Government of the United States (including survivor benefits).
" footnotes/ammendments: TORT CLAIMS in TEXAS. Sec. 101.001.
DEFINITIONS. In this chapter: (1) "Emergency service organization" means: Easement. Easements are helpful for providing pathways across two or more pieces of property or allowing an individual to fish in a privately owned pond.
An easement is considered as a property right in itself at common law and is still treated as a type of property in most jurisdictions. The rights of an easement holder vary substantially among jurisdictions. Historically, the common law courts would enforce only four types of easement: BUSINESS AND COMMERCE CODE CHAPTER 9. SECURED TRANSACTIONS. Sec. 9.101.
SHORT TITLE. This chapter may be cited as Uniform Commercial Code--Secured Transactions. Amended by Acts 1999, 76th Leg., ch. 414, Sec. 1.01, eff. Sovereignty Education and Defense Ministry (SEDM) Judicial Interpretations of the Four Corner Rule. (Editor's Note: This article has been contributed by Stephen Brown, Carl Pernicone and Samuel Reich, attorneys at Wilson Elser.
Refer to the respective author bio pages for information about their practice areas and expertise.) A liability policy imposes two separate and distinct duties upon an insurer: a duty to defend and a duty to indemnify. The duty to defend requires that the insurer provide legal counsel to its insured in the event of a lawsuit, while the duty to indemnify requires the insurer to satisfy a judgment entered against its insured.
Www.progressivetorrents.com/frame.php?op=filelist&id=7855&password= Law Texts v.3.0 (Torrent File 6GB) Trust Reports - Pure Contract Trust User Manual. [Please note: This report is incomplete.]
Section 1 — How to Activate the Pure Contract Trust Section 2 — Banking Section 3 — Exchanging Property Section 4 — Operating a Business Section 5 — Advanced Asset Protection. Legal tender. Legal tender is a medium of payment allowed by law or recognized by a legal system to be valid for meeting a financial obligation.[1] Paper currency and coins are common forms of legal tender in many countries.
The origin of the term "legal tender" is from Middle English tendren, French tendre (verb form), meaning to offer. The Latin root is tendere (to stretch out), and the sense of tender as an offer is related to the etymology of the English word "extend" (to hold outward).[2] Letter of marque. Letter of marque given to Captain Antoine Bollo via the shipowner Dominique Malfino from Genoa, owner of the Furet, a 15-tonne privateer, 27 February 1809 In the days of fighting sail, a letter of marque and reprisal was a government license authorizing a person (known as a privateer) to attack and capture enemy vessels and bring them before admiralty courts for condemnation and sale.
Cruising for prizes with a letter of marque was considered an honorable calling combining patriotism and profit, in contrast to unlicensed piracy, which was universally reviled.[1] In addition to the term lettre de marque, the French sometimes used the term lettre de course for their letters of marque. A "letter of marque and reprisal" would involve permission to cross an international border to effect a reprisal (take some action against an attack or injury) authorized by an issuing jurisdiction to conduct reprisal operations outside its borders.
Etymology[edit] Nomenclature history[edit] Early History[edit] Religious Roots for Fiduciary Duties. Legal commentators have differing opinions regarding the origin and background of fiduciary duties.
A recent article by Mary Szto would seem to focus on the business side of things, as her article is entitled "Limited Liability Company Morality: Fiduciary Duties in Historical Context," 23 Quinnipiac Law Review 61 (2004-2005). Comity. In the law of the United States, comity may refer to the Privileges and Immunities Clause (sometimes called the Comity Clause) in Article Four of the United States Constitution.
This clause provides that "The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States. " In the context of professional licensure, comity refers to one jurisdiction granting credit for experience earned and exams passed in a different jurisdiction.[1] Reciprocity (international relations) In international relations and treaties, the principle of reciprocity states that favours, benefits, or penalties that are granted by one state to the citizens or legal entities of another, should be returned in kind. For example, reciprocity has been used in the reduction of tariffs, the grant of copyrights to foreign authors, the mutual recognition and enforcement of judgments, and the relaxation of travel restrictions and visa requirements.
The principle of reciprocity also governs agreements on extradition. Keohane, Robert O. (1986), "Reciprocity in international relations", in International Organisation, Vol. 40, No.1. Case Citations. - "27 CFR 72.11" (U.S. Inc. defines all crime as commercial as a result of the fall of the republic when the South walked out of congress in 1861 and the de jure congress, unable to raise a quorum, was replaced by Lincoln with the de facto corporate Congress; and the de jure district court of the United States was replaced by the de facto corporate UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT - "Lewis v. United States 680" (Federal Reserve Bank is privately owned: "…we conclude that the Reserve Banks are not federal instrumentalities for purposes of the FTCA (Federal Tort Claims Act), but are independent, privately owned and locally controlled corporations."
Lewis v United States, 680 F.2d 1239 (9th Cir. 1982). In other words, the Fed enjoys no United States immunity from law suit because it is a Federal institution in name only. . - "Senate Report 93-549" (The United States has been under dictatorial control since March 9, 1933. Www.getnotice.info/JKR/JKRAFDHA0001.pdf. 28 U.S.C. § 455 : US Code - Section 455: Disqualification of justice, judge, or magistrate judge. Monetize securities. Creative administrative remedy. Essay:Prison administrative remedy - Mises Wiki, the global repository of classical-liberal thought.
A prison administrative remedy system is a means for resolving complaints without the need for a prisoner to go to court. According to one lawyer, the appearance that a prison will hear and resolve grievances from its prisoners "is usually an illusion. NOTICE TO COURT AND ALL COURT OFFICERS. We the People of this still great country are Constitutionalists and require all public servants, including judges, to abide by their oaths in the performance of their official duties, including those before the court.
This protects the American Citizens from government and court abuse. Re: commercial liens. "FRAUD UPON THE COURT" AND "DISQUALIFICATION OF JUDGES" Alien Tort Statute. Text[edit] Agree with your enemy quickly. Accord and satisfaction. Exhaustion of remedies. Alien Tort Statute. Bonding Code. Arcviewer/5/LEGAL/2011/09/13/H1315926970146/viewer/file151.pdf. What The Government Doesn't Want You To Know About Your Drivers License. Maxims of Law. Tortious negligence. The State Office of Risk Management. Legal Difference Between an Affidavit & a Declaration. UNITED STATES CODE
0 Comments Title 28 3002 (15) The UNITED STATES is a corporation. The Social Security (United States of America) Order 1997. International Programs -U.S.-U.K. Social Security Agreement. Agreement and administrative agreement both signed at London February 13, 1984; entered into force January 1, 1985, except Part III of the agreement entered into force January 1, 1988. Amended by supplementary agreement and supplementary administrative agreement signed at London June 6, 1996, entered into force September 1, 1997. UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE -or- Post Office of t. Post Office 2cent stamp12-29-09 Another site also UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE -or- Post Office of t. U.S. District Court Electronic Case Filing System.
Common Law Grand Jury. Famguardian.org - /disks/ WORK IN PROGRESS.
Related: Hinduism - Understanding basic law & legalese - Etymology and Language - Laws and regulations - Education - Enterprise


Location: Manhattan, New York, U.S.
The International Conference on Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime (ICDF2C) brings together leading researchers, practitioners, and educators from around the world to advance the state of the art in digital forensic and cyber crime investigation.
ICDF2C 2016 will be held September 28 - 30, 2016 in Manhattan, New York. We invite contributions for completed research papers, research-in-progress papers, industrial talks, panel and tutorial proposals, and round table discussions. Research papers are evaluated through a double-blind, peer-reviewing process and accepted research papers will be published in the Journal of Digital Forensics, Security and Law (JDFSL).
JDFSL is an open access journal with a solid indexing including Thomson Reuters ISI Web of Science. Accepted papers will be indexed in: a) Google Scholar b) DBLP c) ProQuest d) EBSCO Host just to name a few. Articles will be available for readers online at no cost given the open access nature of the journal. To learn more about JDFSL you can visit: http://www.jdfsl.org/.


text:
'Don't trash it till you try it': Cycling through Edmonton's cold snap
Edmonton Oilers strike early and often on way to win over Coyotes
Connor McDavid, Oilers trounce Coyotes
Edmonton police asking for help locating alleged pharmacy robbers
Edmonton News
Edmonton's Central News Hub
$15M taken from U of A reserves to cover operating shortfall
December 14, 2019 Edctv news
EDMONTON — The University of Alberta is dipping into its reserves after the provincial budget left it approximately $79 million short for 2019-20.
Administration confirmed its board of governors approved on Friday a one-time transfer of $15 million to the academic year's operating budget.
According to an annual report published in March, the reserve account held about $55 million and was created to protect the school's operations from the volatility of financial markets.
In a Nov. 26 statement, President and Vice-Chancellor David Turpin said the university was working to manage a $44-million cut to its Campus Alberta grant and a $35-million cut to its Infrastructure Maintenance Program funding.
The reserve withdrawal and cancellation of "all possible" maintenance and infrastructure projects helped to free up $34 million, Turpin said.
However, the remaining $45 million would be made up through a 4.7 per cent cut to faculties and an average in-year eight per cent cut to central support units.
"These cuts are significant and will require some hard choices. Our priority in making these reductions is to maintain an outstanding learning experience for our students and to support the amazing research that has made us one of the world's best universities," the school's president wrote.
He added the school would be continuing to work on the 2020-21 budget and following years.
Premier Jason Kenney to travel to U.K. with adviser to attract investment to Alberta
Interview with Jim Carr
Prince Harry, Meghan will no longer use 'royal highness' titles
'A lot of cold nights': Edmonton man builds igloo of his dreams in his backyard
Incident that spurred hold and secure order at elementary school over: EPS


text:
Sussex selected
Britney Spears headlines Brighton Pride
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-45073212
Image copyright @popqueenbritney
Image caption Oops! She did it again: Britney at Brighton Pride
Draped in a rainbow flag and blowing kisses, Britney Spears wowed a crowd of 57,000 at Brighton Pride.
The superstar headlined the opening day of the festival, kicking off a European tour of her Las Vegas show Piece of Me.
Afterwards, she tweeted: "Thank you for a fabulous show...my fabulous fans. I love you all."
But thousands of fans were stranded in the early hours of Sunday after chaotic scenes at the city's railway station.
Police requested that the station was closed and train services suspended shortly before midnight to help them deal with growing crowds.
Govia Thameslink Railway (GTR) said the station later "steadily cleared" with the last extra train leaving at 02:15 BST.
Image copyright Eddie Mitchell
Image caption After chaos at the train station, many people abandoned their travel plans and went to the beach
Brighton and Hove Pride said it was "very disappointed that GTR were unable to provide sufficient services to people returning home".
It said people safely left Preston Park "in less than 30 minutes" but "their safety was put in jeopardy by GTR and the station's failure to plan for adequate train services".
A GTR spokesperson said: "We ran 15 extra trains yesterday to cope with the unprecedented visitor numbers, in addition to the plan we had agreed with the event organisers.
"Access to Brighton station was closed for a period by the police to help with crowding in the town, after which our extra trains helped clear the station steadily."
It said it would be talking to Pride organisers and police about whether it needed to enhance Sunday's timetable.
Britney returns to the UK in two weeks for shows in Scarborough, Manchester, Glasgow and London.
Dressed in a sequinned leotard, she treated the Brighton crowd to classics including Baby One More Time, Oops!... I Did It Again and Toxic.
Thousands turn out for Brighton Pride
Just as in her Las Vegas residency - which ran on and off for four years from December 2013 - the audience was given a performance of slick routines, with around 20 backing dancers, and countless costume changes.
Her other numbers included Boys, Me Against The Music, Piece of Me, Gimme More and Womanizer.
The 90-minute set, which ended with her dancing with a rainbow flag, also found room for a tribute to songs by rapper Missy Elliott.
Earlier in the day, people tweeted about the chaotic scenes at London's St Pancras Station as they queued for up to 30 minutes to buy their train tickets to Brighton.
Carl Smith, who was caught up in the chaos after Brighton railway station was closed at midnight, said: "There was just loads of crushing. There were people passing out - there was no water.
"Trains had been going but with no-one on them. Our friend managed to get through the barrier somehow. He texted me and said 'I'm on an empty train going back to London. Why are there still thousands of people outside?'."
Image copyright @JordonLee
Image caption People have spoken of feeling "scared" in the "massive" crowd
Jo Squire, from Worthing, said she arrived at the station at 22:45 to find the station gates closed.
She said: "People were getting crushed and the police were everywhere. I was continually thinking about how we could get out of the massive crowd. It was really scary to feel stuck like that."
Stephania Darius, 34, from London, gave up and paid £250 for a taxi home.
She said: "There was no information at all given to the crowd about what was happening. The police weren't able to give me any information, and the guards just ignored us.
"Because of the big crowds, my phone wasn't working, so I was just stood there not knowing what was happening."
Others caught up in the disruption have tweeted their experiences.
Image caption Train services were suspended shortly before midnight to help police deal with growing crowds
Brighton and Hove City Council said some people who decided not to travel "went to the beach instead".
"The numbers were added to by others leaving the Pride Village Party and also heading to the seafront. This led to overcrowding in some areas and an increase in calls to emergency services," a spokesperson said.
Image copyright @darrenmenezes
Image caption People could still be seen on a litter-strewn Brighton beach at 07:30 on Sunday
Brighton Pride: Thousands turn out for colourful parade


text:
Fortăreața Kastel (în sârbă: Тврђава Кастел, Tvrđava Kastel; transliterare:tvrgeava castel) este o fortăreață aflată în centrul orașului Banja Luka. Este situată pe malul stâng, între podul orașului și vărsarea râului Crkvena (Țrcvena) în râul Vrbas. Prima fortificație a fost construită de romani în secolul al II-lea. Într-o hartă din 1525, Kastel era numit CASTELL NOSTRO BAGNA LUCA. Suprafață complexului fortăreței este 48.000 m², iar suprafață spațiului din interiorul fortăreței este 26.610 m².

Galerie

Note

Vezi și
 Banja Luka

Clădiri și structuri din Bosnia și Herțegovina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
J&J vaccine found to produce ZERO antibodies against omicron strain… vaccine is now worthless
The latest coronavirus variant the world is supposed to bow down to is called "omicron." Every season, fear is given a new name, but the symptoms of infectious disease stay the same. There has been very little progress in public health over the past two years because policies of terror, isolation and government subservience are the ruling doctrine.
In this hysteria, germaphobia and an unhealthy allegiance to the germ theory has taken precedence over the terrain theory and all its hopeful applications for strengthening the innate immune response. This blatant disregard of natural immunity has led a certain percentage of the population to become subservient to Big Pharma's failing genetic experiments. These genetic experiments are turning out to be a complete failure, as Pfizer and J&J covid vaccines are now producing ZERO antibodies against the latest coronavirus strain. The vaccine is now worthless and has only exacerbated the health problems that people have been subconsciously trained to focus on with their fearful and paranoid behaviors.
The covid vaccine supply offers no meaningful protection, as measurable antibody levels plummet in vaccinated
Virologists from South Africa measured antibody levels in blood plasma samples taken from people who had either received two doses of Pfizer mRNA or those who received one dose of the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. A measurement of antibody levels is referred to as geometric mean titers. For the Pfizer vaccine, the geometric mean titers were approximately 1,419 against the original, irrelevant SARS-CoV-2 from two years ago. However, the geometric mean titer level was only 80 against the latest omicron strain. The J&J vaccine showed an average geometric mean titer level of 303 against the original strain, and fell to undetectable levels against the newest advertised strain. Both vaccines are no longer relevant for halting transmission or preventing covid-19, and they should not fall under the definition of immunizations.
"Omicron does indeed exhibit substantial immune escape from antibodies," said Penny Moore, a professor at Johannesburg's University of The Witwatersrand. "The situation, I think, is even more alarming for the J&J vaccine — there was no detectable neutralization in our assay."
The vaccines are a false savior, causing immune destruction and seasonal dependence on Big Pharma
The genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 has predictably mutated over the past two years, resulting in an array of different immune challenges — many mild, some severe. Human immune systems can only adapt to these challenges through exposure and a healthy, natural immunological response. This is the only way to attenuate (weaken) the viruses' most infectious properties as it tries to replicate in the population.
Before the World Health Organization declared a worldwide pandemic, pharmaceutical companies were already replicating a genetic sequence for something named SARS-CoV-2. This messenger RNA was encapsulated in either lipid nanoparticles or an adenovirus shell so its instructions could be stealthily delivered to human cells and replicated. These instructions are intended to reprogram the cell's ribosomes to create copies of a modified, foreign spike protein that had been developed in a lab. In theory, this would create a specific immune response, resulting in robust memory against future immune challenges.
Instead, this genetic experiment has caused a plethora of medical issues and has put pressure on single amino acid sequences of the spike protein, causing enhanced mutations that make coronaviruses more infectious. These enhanced mutations make coronaviruses either more transmissible or more deadly, rendering the original vaccine supply worthless, and interfering with the upward trajectory of innate immunity in the population. The phenomenon is similar to antibiotic resistance; whereas targeting a specific infectious trait of a bacterium forces that bacterium to mutate new specialized traits in order to survive.
The immune systems of the vaccinated are being programmed for failure and trained to recognize properties of a spike protein that are no longer relevant. The latest genetic properties of coronavirus spike proteins are subverting the immune cell memory of the vaccinated, taking advantage of its weakened state. This is why the mRNA vaccine developers want to tweak the genetic sequence of the spike protein every year, making people dependent on their products. Indeed, Johnson & Johnson and Pfizer are both now openly committed to pursuing a variant-specific vaccine technology that can be updated each year or seasonally as "needed."


text:
Speedy Bubble Growth Triggers Violent Volcanic Eruptions
Oct. 16, 2012, 3:21 PM UTC / Source: OurAmazingPlanet
By Becky Oskin, OurAmazingPlanet Staff Writer
Anyone who has popped a Champagne cork or plopped a Mentos into a Diet Coke knows the power of bubbles.
Rapidly expanding gas bubbles also decide the difference between small and large volcanic eruptions, new research finds. In laboratory experiments, bubbles formed almost instantaneously in melted basalt, the rock responsible for Hawaii's volcanoes. After 10 seconds, the bubbles swiftly formed foam whose strength decreased while the rate of gas loss increased — basically, the foam collapsed.
The observation suggests in most basalt-fed volcanoes, gas escapes rapidly enough to outpace bubble growth, resulting in smaller eruptions, the study authors conclude. When the top comes off the bottle, the liquid inside is flat, so to speak. But when a basaltic magma's bubbles don't collapse before reaching the surface, the result can be violent volcanic eruptions, the study confirms.
"The important aspect is the rate at which bubbles grow compared to the rate at which gas is lost through connections between the bubbles," said Don Baker, lead study author and a geochemist at McGill University in Montreal. "It really looks like it's the first few seconds of bubble growth that determined the intensity of the eruption," Baker told OurAmazingPlanet.
The researchers watched molten rock bubble in real-time by zapping water-bearing basalt with lasers at the Swiss Light Source facility in Villigen, Switzerland. As the basalt simmered at nearly 2,200 degrees Fahrenheit (1,200 degrees Celsius), they imaged the bubble growth and foaming with three-dimensional X-ray microtomography (CT scans). With these images, the researchers measured the number and size of bubbles, investigated the geometry of the connections between bubbles, and calculated how quickly gas flowed out of the sample.
The researchers tested basalt in hopes of finding the tipping point between the rock's beautiful, but relatively safe fire fountains, and destructive, rare Plinian-style eruptions. Massive volcanic eruptions are designated Plinian-style, after the Roman author who died in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. The 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland — a basalt volcano — was Plinian-style, as was Mount Etna's blast in 122 B.C.
The findings could someday help volcanologists to predict hazardous eruptions. Though other rock types are usually responsible for big volcanic blowouts, the bubble process is still the same, Baker said. "We only studied a basaltic composition, but because the bubble growth mechanism is the same in all types of volcanic rocks, these results should be applicable to other systems," he said.
However, scientists are far from understanding the processes that control gases in magma chambers, let alone actually monitoring them underground. "We know this is just a small step, but we do think it's an important step in helping understand what's going on underneath volcanoes," Baker said.
The results are detailed in today's (Oct. 16) issue of the journal Nature Communications.
Reach Becky Oskin at boskin@techmedianetwork.com. Follow her on Twitter @beckyoskin. Follow OurAmazingPlanet on Twitter @OAPlanet. We're also on Facebook and Google+.
Which U.S. Volcanoes Are Most Dangerous Right Now?
Volcanic Hot Spots Explained
Gallery: Volcanoes from Space
Becky Oskin, OurAmazingPlanet Staff Writer


text:
Crew & Resources
Film Requests
Soundstage
Jean Cloutier
Councillor, Ward 18 Alta Vista, City of Ottawa
Jean Cloutier was re-elected as Municipal Councillor for Alta Vista for his second term on October 22, 2018. He is Chair of the City of Ottawa's Audit Committee, Vice Chair of the Transit Commission and member of the Finance and Economic Development Committee, Environment and Climate Protection Committee and the Ottawa Board of Health. Jean represents the City of Ottawa at The Association of Francophone Municipalities of Ontario, serving as Vice President and is Treasurer of the Ottawa Film Board. He also served as Co-chair of Ottawa 2017 collaborating closely with the City of Gatineau.
Jean was a successful business professional prior to being elected in 2014. He was the Chief Financial Officer at Tubman Funeral Homes for 12 years. As an avid movie fan and entrepreneur, Jean and his business partner bought the Nelson Cinema on Rideau Street in 1988 and the popular ByTowne Cinema was born. With a budding family, Jean sold his interest in 1990.
Jean is a life-long resident of Ottawa. He moved to Alta Vista 32 years ago to raise his family with his wife Sandra. In his spare time, Jean enjoys singing with the choir at St-François d'Assise Church on Wellington Street, cycling and holds a black belt in Tae Kwon Do.
55 rue Murray St., suite 104, Ottawa, ON, K1N 5M3
Stay up-to-date on local industry news and events - subscribe to the film and television newsletter
© Ottawa Film Office 2020. All rights reserved.


text:
Q: Polynomial functions on a smooth manifold If one views $\Bbb R ^{2n}$ as the cotangent bundle of $\Bbb R ^n$, with coordinates $(q_1, \dots, q_n, p_1, \dots, p_n)$, then in order to do classical Hamiltonian mechanics on it one considers classical observables which are polynomial functions in $q$ and $p$.
If one considers now an abstract smooth manifold (endowed with whatever supplementary structure makes your life easier, such as a Riemannian or a symplectic one), can one come up with an analogous concept to the one of "polynomial function"?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange