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Browse: Home > History of the Irish Parliament > Constituencies > Trim
Trim was first enfranchised by a charter of Walter de Lacy, Lord of Meath. By a charter of 1572, 13 Eliz. I, the corporation comprised a portreeve, burgesses and freemen unrestricted as to numbers. In 1783 Trim was a town of '2,000 inhabitants. Electors, a Sovereign, 12 Burgesses and about 300 Freemen under the direct influence of [its] Patron Lord, Mornington.'313 In 1790 it was said that:
This County assize town, is one of the most ancient Boroughs of Ireland. It was first the baronial seat of the Lacy family, afterwards of the Barnewalls. Parliaments have been holden there and Kings entertained in it with splendour.
The decay of this ancient Borough is however at this day too evident. The family of the great Duke of Wharton had the chief influence in this Borough from the Restoration to the Revolution. At this period, the Wharton property was sold for a mere trifle to Mr Garret (Wesley, 2211) the ancestor of the Mornington family hence their influence commenced, but the family of Ashe of Ashefield (now Sir Thomas Ashe's) ousted them and kept possession of the Borough for forty years. However, the fate of the Borough, now thirty years quietly enjoyed by Lord Mornington, is shortly to be decided in the King's Bench.314
The Belfast Newsletter reported the case, 'which involved the following question; "Whether the Borough of Trim should be free or not"'. The contest had gone on for four years, and:
during this period two general verdicts had been obtained against his Lordship at the Assizes of Trim, by juries composed of gentlemen of the first character and consequence in the county. The Court, however, thought proper to lay both aside, and contrary to the hopes and expectations of the public, pronounced against the plaintiffs. By this decision the new Burgesses, consisting of near three hundred, though declared by two juries 'agreeable to the strict letter and spirit of the charter and to the immemorial usage and custom of the corporation', are by this determination, stripped of that privilege.315
Lord Mornington established his control over the borough, which he used to start his distinguished brothers on their political careers. His next brother, William (2216), was returned in 1783, in 1790 he returned Arthur (2210), later 1st Duke of Wellington, while Henry (2213) was returned for a few months in 1795. As Marquess Wellesley, he was paid the £15,000 compensation for its disfranchisement at the Union.


"base" places for an ideal tocany experience?
Thread: "base" places for an ideal tocany experience?
we are very into wine, good food and nice views. we are not so much into the purely heavily touristic places.
after exploring quite a bit we rented "Borgo Sant'Ambrogio - Resort" at pienza for 3 nights, and we are thinking going for another 2-3 nights furthur up north- but dont know where to stay to maximise the most out of the area. just in case i booked 2 places: in Sesto Fiorentino, and in Cantagrillo. what do you think? would u split the time spent each place differently?
going north to Sesto Fiorentino, will definitely show you another area from Pienza...and give you easy access to the city center of Florence.
I am not familiar with Cantagrillo, however if I were just to go on the position in the map, I wonder if maybe it doesn't "vary" the things enough for you...Imight suggest taht you look towards the area of Volterra with its specatcular historic center and intriguing landscapes ... or even Montespertoli which will give you a taste of Chianti without going into the tourist attraction area.
These are two places I have visited in the areas above that I think would fit your requirements for not touristy and for foodies. Have a read to see if they are interesting.
PS - though they are sponsored articles I do offer an honest opinion - and we do not earn anything for the bookings. Just thought I'd let you know.


This long gated driveway leads you to a completely renovated 4 bedroom 2.5 bathroom home sitting on 160 fully fenced acres with 7 ponds, 2 wells and rolling hills with scenic views. The attention to detail here is remarkable. Granite window sills and countertops throughout the whole house including the bathrooms. Quiet close cabinet and bathroom cabinet doors throughout. An urban farmhouse style kitchen with brand new stainless steel appliances and under cabinet lighting. One of the four bedrooms could easily serve as a home office. An oversized extra deep 2 car garage leaves on top of a equipment/loafing barn leaves you with plenty of room to park your vehicles. Come take a look at this rare find now before it's too late.
Buyer to verify school district information.


Ideal for people trying to quite nail biting, smoking, leg shaking and all type of attention disorder issues.
✔ AMAZING FAST :: It spins very smoothly and pretty quiet. Flick and Spin for Hours with Just One or Both Hands. and Amazing Fast, 1-3 Minute Average Spins Based on the Power you use to Spin.
✔ HIGH QUALITY WITH LONG SPINS :: Ergonomic curved caps designed for hand comfort and long term usage.
✔ REMOVEABLE CENTRAL HOLDING CAP :: No Repair, Oil, Maintenance needed! Use it right out of box, or take them off and grip the bearing directly.


text:
Your Military
Navy signs off on first exemptions for COVID-19 vaccine
By Diana Stancy Correll
Hospital Corpsman 2nd Class Angelina Mangram, assigned to Fleet Surgical Team 3, administers the COVID-19 vaccine at the Naval Base San Diego fitness center on Jan. 6. (MC1 Julio Rivera/Navy)
The Navy has signed off on five permanent medical exemptions for the mandatory COVID-19 vaccine.
Navy spokesman Lt. Cmdr. Andrew DeGarmo told Navy Times Monday that the Navy has approved five permanent medical exemptions for active-duty and Reserve sailors facing a lasting condition — like an allergy to an ingredient in the vaccine.
The service is not disclosing how many requests for temporary medical waivers the Navy has received so far because they are constantly in flux, he said. Temporary medical exemptions would apply to those with short-term medical limitations, such as those undergoing a surgery or currently battling COVID-19 and need to wait until they recover to receive the jab.
Navy officials also say they are not sharing how many religious accommodation requests, which are included under the administrative exemptions umbrella, have been received because those, too, are constantly changing as they are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. However, DeGarmo said the Navy has not approved any religious exemptions at this time.
Navy unveils discharge plans for sailors who refuse COVID-19 vaccine
Active duty sailors must receive their final dose of the vaccine by Nov. 14, and those in the selected reserve by Dec. 14.
Active-duty sailors have until Nov. 14 to get their last dose of the COVID-19 vaccine, while those in the Navy Reserve have until Dec. 14 to meet the deadlines for fully vaccinated status, which are Nov. 28 and Dec. 28, respectively. That gives sailors two weeks to become fully immunized against COVID-19.
The Navy announced last month that it was creating a COVID Consolidated Disposition Authority to separate sailors who fail to follow the vaccine mandate. Additionally, sailors could receive as low as a general discharge under honorable conditions if they are separated only for their vaccine refusal. That could eliminate their eligibility for some veteran benefits.
Meanwhile, the service says 95 percent of active-duty sailors and 91 percent of the total force are fully vaccinated, while 99 percent of active-duty sailors and 96 percent of the total force have received at least one COVID-19 shot, according to figures released Oct. 27.
More than 70 service members across all branches have died due to complications from COVID-19, according to Pentagon data, with at least 15 of those from the Navy. In the Navy, a total of 171 have died, when factoring in Navy civilians, dependents and contractors, as of Oct. 27.
That's up from the 164 deaths the Navy recorded on Oct. 14 when the guidance was released.
"Tragically, there have been 164 deaths within the Navy family due to COVID-19, far exceeding the combined total of all other health or mishap related injuries and deaths over the same time period," the NAVADMIN said. "144 of these were not immunized and 20 had an undisclosed immunization status."
The Marine Corps has also issued guidance stipulating that Marines who fail to receive the COVID-19 vaccine will be separated from service. The Marine Corps has the same deadlines as the Navy for becoming fully vaccinated.
Marine Corps spokesman Capt. Andrew Wood said that no religious exemptions have been issued in the service, and that the Marine Corps does not have any record of approving religious exemptions for vaccines in the past 10 years.
"All current exemption requests are being reviewed on a case-by-case basis," Wood said in an email to Navy Times. "Each request will be given full consideration with respect to the facts and circumstances submitted in the request."
"We will publish a consolidated report of the number of approved exemptions when the deadline has passed," Wood said.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Exonews TV
Disclosure News
A Reversal of OSD Pentagon Statements About AATIP?
Giorgio Piacenza
Disclosure News, Exonews, Press Release
Do you know that, recently, Mrs. Susan Gough (PR spokeswoman of the OSD – Office of the Secretary of Defense) allegedly/apparently wrote an email to Mr. John Greenwald (The Black Vault) saying (according to Mr. Greenwald) that AATIP did not investigate UAP (UFOs)? I still haven't read the original letter but it is something that has to be known.
I expect more information to come out soon, from Mr. Greenwald, perhaps from Mrs. Gough, perhaps from the Navy and from TTSA. Is it a misunderstanding or a fundamental conflict of factual information? Is it a strange strategy to confuse people?
These declarations would have to deny not only Mr. Elizondo's but also Mr. Jim Semivan, Chris Mellon, H. Puthoff and other serious people (such as Senator Harry Reid), not only knowledgeable about classified information (and intelligence clearances) but also linked to TTSA, credible persons who today – as a whole – guarantee that AATIP did investigate UAPs (UFOs).
Is all of this a confusion or a reversal of policy?
It doesn't seem to make sense but (if the information shared by Mr. Greenwald is accurate) WHY would this be happening now? Do some persons "in the know" want to lock the cat back after it came out of the box?
Or is Mr. Greenwald's information not very clear? Or perhaps is this the old pattern of those who try to control what the population knows, using the practice of revelation followed by denial? (However, this revealing was to one or a few individuals only before the denial).
Is it a mistake from Mrs. Gough who doesn't know all the information? Or has she been told to say that? Is this a strategy from a faction inside those "in the know" because something else is in the offing? Is this apart of an old plan or a new move?
In terms of UFO disclosure, the "powers that be" follow a pattern of revealing and denying information to society as Randy Koppang and Grant Cameron would likely agree. They usually reveal something to one or a few individuals and later deny it after these individuals have been used to deliver a message to society. But this time they would be denying a whole team of intelligence- savy VIPs gathered in TTSA.
A few days before, another letter by Mrs. Gough (in response to an SCU (Scientific Coalition for Ufology request) publicly shared by Mr. Greenwald) stated that the U.S. Navy only had the "source" videos similar in quality and in length of the 3 videos shown to the public through TTSA ("GIMBAL" "GO FAST" and "FLIR 1"). That these were not classified. She doesn't actually deny that there may be full-length and higher quality "original " videos somewhere else but seems to be minimizing or trying to minimize expectations from the general public regarding what the U.S. Navy (and, by extrapolation, the Government in general) may have.
What is happening here?
LINK to John Greenwald's report in The Black Vault:
The Pentagon Corrects Record on "Secret UFO Program"
AATIP, Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program, Chris Mellon, Giorgio Piacenza, John Greenwald, Senator Harry Reid, Susan Gould, The Black Vault, To the Stars Academy of Arts and Sciences, TTSA, UFO disclosure, UFOs
After a clear UFO sighting with multiple witnesses within 300 feet in the Peruvian coastal town of "Chilca" in 1975, I participated with the Mission Rahma contact group and befriended several contactees from this and other contact efforts. I also researched many aspects of the UFO phenomenon for several decades and feel inclined to contribute in the confluence of philosophical and scientific perspectives.
President Eisenhower and Extraterrestrials? Film Explores This Urban Legend January 20, 2020
George Adamski Got Famous Sharing UFO Photos and Alien 'Encounters' January 19, 2020
Planet Venus May Have Been Habitable For Billions of Years, NASA Says January 19, 2020
When an Air Force Jet Scrambled to Intercept a UFO and Disappeared January 18, 2020
First Chief of Space Force Sworn In January 18, 2020
Aliens Definitely Exist and They Could Be Living Among Us, Says Britain's First Astronaut January 17, 2020
Embark On the Search for Extraterrestrial Life in Documentary 'Wow Signal' January 16, 2020
How the CIA Tried to Quell a UFO Panic During the Cold War January 15, 2020
Mars Helicopter is Ready for Extraterrestrial Flight January 14, 2020
Why We're Sending Music to Extraterrestrials January 13, 2020
Copyright © 2019 Exopolitics Institute News Service. All Rights Reserved.


This is my spessartine collection.
A lot of spessartines have striated faces and their colors can range from light orange (pure spessartine) to very dark red (spessartine and almandine) and black (spessartine and andradite). Spessartines are not often cut into gemstones; this is probably due more to a lack of promotion than rarity - the recent influx of medium to deep orange spessartines from China may change that, however (especially since most are fairly clean). Pure orange "Mandarin" spessartines were discovered in 1992 in Namibia near the northern border with Angola.
Spessartines're typically found in pegmatites and comes from China's Yunan Province. There are a bunch of them riding on the smoky quartz.
Thanks to Kevin Ward at the The Mineral Gallery for the specimen and the image!
These ruby-red spessartines are on an albite matrix from Gilgit, Pakistan. A few of the spessartines have muscovite partially embedded in them. There's also some millimeter-sized black limonite after pyrite cubes scattered here and there.
Spessartines, feldspar, and quartz comprise this specimen from the Hunan Province in China.
Thanks to Dave Hayward at Lucky Strike Minerals for the specimen and the image!
A whole bunch of tiny spessartines embedded in fibrous bipsolite from Iceland.
Thanks to John Betts at John Betts - Fine Minerals for the specimen and the image!
This is an odd spessartine from Galileia, Minas Gerais, Brazil - it started out as a normally-shaped garnet, then dissolved and recystallized in a feldspar seam!
Thanks to Bob Drummond at Mountain Lily Gems for the specimen and the image!
Spessartines fill two separate cavities (and there's one gemmy spessartine perched on the upper right) in this rhyolite from Garnet Hill, Nevada.
Thanks to Rory Howell's auction on eBay for the specimen!
A cute little dark red spessartine thumbnail from Ely, Nevada.
Thanks to Walter Mroch's (The Gem and Mineral Exploration Company) auction for the specimen!
A very dark red spessartine in quartzite from Ruby Mountain, Nathrop, Colorado. The closeup shows the sharp-edged faces and high luster.
A thumbnail of deep red spessartines with striated faces on albite from Gilgit, Pakistan.
Thanks to Shields Flynn at Trafford | Flynn for the specimen!
A pair of Garnet Hill, Ely, Nevada spessartines on matrix.
A beautiful dark red spessartine from Nuristan, Afghanistan.
Thanks to Walter Mroch's (The Gem and Mineral Exploration Company) auction for the specimen and the image!
Orange-red spessartines on matrix from the LeChang Mine, GuangDong Province, China.
Thanks to Miao Yang's auction on eBay for the specimen!
More bright vermilion spessartines from the GuangDong Province in China (Chaoguan).
These spessartines on smoky quartz are also from the GuangDong Province in China - they vary in color from orange to red (see first closeup) and some are zoned with dark red. The smoky quartz is relatively pale (second closeup).
Beautiful dark orange spessartines on matrix from Ramona, California.
Six gemmy spessartines on feldspar from Stak Nala, Gilgit, Pakistan.
Deep red spessartines on muscovite from Shiga Testoon, Pakistan.
Thanks to Brett Shafer at The Mineral Vug for the specimen and the image!
Beautiful gemmy pure spessartines on matrix with chlorite (closeup, lower left) and manganese oxides from Longchang - Guangdong Province, China.
A beautiful miniature of bright orange spessartines on a smoky quartz crystal from the Lechang Mine, Shaoguan Prefecture, Guangdong Province, China. The larger image (lower right) shows the best one.
Thanks to Elena van Scriver's (Heliodor 1) auction on eBay for the specimen and the image!
This is a spessartine coticule "grindstone" from the world-famous Belgian coticule deposit. It consists of microscopic spessartines in a very fine-grained host rock.
A roughly 4cm yttrium-bearing spessartine (also called emildine) from the Bob Cat Mine, Crestone District, Saguache County, Colorado. The yttrium substitutes for manganese up to 2% or so. Minerals from this mine are known (by analysis) for the extra yttrium in their composition. This spessartine was collected and repaired by Rudy Bolona.
Thanks to Rudy Bolona's auction on eBay for the specimen and the images!


Gianfranco Ferré vintage set composed of a short sleeve top, shaped around the waist with buttons closure, and a mini skirt, both in linen and white color.
- Size italian 42. Measurements: shoulder width 40cm, waist 69cm, length 43cm.


Why buy new costumes every year when you can reuse them? Americans spent $2.5 billion on costumes in 2016 alone! Students grow out of costumes or often will only use costumes once. The Costume Closet asks parents, students, and the local community to donate gently used costumes to a school's collective Costume Closet to create a warehouse of costumes to save resources, money and teach students to reuse and repurpose. Bonus! Your school can then rent out the costumes to students to avoid wasting perfectly good costumes!
4 Responses on Costume Closet"


text:
El 577 (DLXXVII) fou un any comú començat en divendres del calendari julià.

Esdeveniments
 El rei de Borgonya mor sense successor, la dinastia passa a una altra branca de la família
 Els Zhou dominen la Xina del nord

Segle VI

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package com.socrata.querycoordinator.caching.cache

import java.io.{InputStreamReader, Reader, InputStream}
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets

import com.rojoma.simplearm.v2.ResourceScope

trait ValueRef extends AutoCloseable {
  /** The returned `InputStream` is valid until either the given `ResourceScope` closes
    * it or this `ValueRef` is closed, whichever comes first.
    */
  def open(resourceScope: ResourceScope): InputStream

  final def openText(resourceScope: ResourceScope): Reader = {
    val is = open(resourceScope)
    resourceScope.open(new InputStreamReader(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8), transitiveClose = List(is))
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Blog Page Who was Sister Rosalie Rendu?
Who was Sister Rosalie Rendu?
Who was this simple country girl who became a symbol of Our Lord's loving mercy toward those who are poor? Find out in this presentation.


Configure and use multiple image sets in a BloomReach Experience Manager project.
It is possible to configure and use more than one Image Set in a BloomReach Experience Manager project. This may suit you for example if you have multiple channels in that project with different frontend designs. What are the consequences of this for the code and configuration of the project?
Suppose the project has two channels A and B with completely different frontend designs, but also different content structures. This means you have different content types for channel A and B. And that means you have different content beans for all the document types of both channels. You also have two Image Sets: X for channel A and Y for channel B.
Use the same original thumbnail variant (hippogallery:thumbnail) for both Image Sets X and Y and do not change its dimensions.
Do not use the same variant name with different dimensions in Image Sets X and Y. The gallery processor does not support this.
In case a document type has an ImageLink field in which editors can create a link to a specific image, you must make sure that the link picker for that field can only pick images of the correct type. So in documents for channel A you can only pick Images of type X. Read up on the configuration details for that. The getter in the content bean for this document type must return the Image Set Bean for type X.
You also have to make sure that editors can only insert Images in Rich Text Fields of the correct type. In all document types for channel A you have to configure that only Image Sets of type X can be picked in ImageLinks fields. Likewise in all document types for channel B you have to configure that only Image Sets of type Y can be picked. See the configuration page for the Rich Text Link Picker: you have to configure the property included.image.variants.
Image with an example of a Rich Text field (bottom left) and an ImageLink field (top right).
Optionally you may want to create different folders for the different Image Sets. This will guide editors in creating sets of type X in a different folder then type Y. See the section about configuring the queries for the folders on how to do that.
If you use the Beanwriter tool in Essentials to generate the content beans for your documents, you may have to make manual changes in some of the beans. Currently, the Beanwriter is not capable of configuring different Image Sets for different content beans. You have to make sure the bean returns the correct ImageSetBean. Tip: if you add a parameter allowModifications=false to the @HippoEssentialsGenerated annotation from the manually edited method, the Beanwriter will not accidently overwrite your method when it regenerates that Bean.


text:
PowerEdge ist die aktuelle Bezeichnung von Servern von Dell Inc.

Technische Informationen
Die PowerEdge-Produkte erzielten 15 % des Gesamtumsatzes der Unternehmung im Jahr 2007, dem Jahr der Einführung der neueren Modelle. Die Server werden als Deskside, Rack oder Blade angeboten. Dell kündigte 2006 an, eine AMD-Opteron-Architektur zu verwenden.

Generationen

Quelle:

Namenskonventionen
Vor der 10. Generation trugen die PowerEdge-Server Bezeichnungen aus vier Ziffern:
 1. Ziffer: Höhe in Höheneinheiten (Towersysteme: bei horizontalem Einbau)
 2. Ziffer: Generation
 3. Ziffer: Servertyp (5: Rackserver; 0: Towerserver)
 4. Ziffer: 5: Bladeserver; 0: normaler Einzelserver

Ab der 10. Generation sind die Server mit einem Buchstaben und drei oder vier Ziffern benannt:

Bei drei Ziffern:

 Buchstabe: Typ (Formfaktor) des Servers: C = Cloud (für Cloud-Anwendungen) / M oder MX = Modular (Bladeserver usw., die in spezielles Gehäuse montiert werden müssen) / R = Rackserver / T = Towerserver
 1. Ziffer: Leistungsklasse: 1–3 = 1 CPU / 4–7 = 2 CPUs / 8 = 2 oder 4 CPUs / 9 = 4 CPUs
 2. Ziffer: Einerstelle der Generationszahl (beginnend mit 10. Generation = 0)
 3. Ziffer: CPU-Hersteller (0 = Intel; 5 = AMD)

Beispiel: R710 ist ein Rackserver der 11. Generation mit 2 CPUs von Intel; 2950 ist ein 2U hoher Rackserver der 9. Generation

Bei vier Ziffern:

 Buchstabe: Siehe drei Ziffern

 1. Ziffer: System-Klasse. 1–5 mit iDRAC BASIC, 6–9 mit iDRAC Express
 2. Ziffer: Generation (0 = 10. Generation, 1 = 11. Generation etc.)
 3. Ziffer Anzahl CPUs
 4. Ziffer: CPU-Hersteller (0 = Intel; 5 = AMD)

Weblinks
 Dell PowerEdge

Einzelnachweise

Servermodell
Dell Technologies


Love this place! Agree with other reviews....friendly, CLEAN, good food at VERY reasonable prices WITHOUT the supermarket craziness.
Every Sunday I go to the Southgate Meijer. I went there with my dad when I was younger and I have grown fondly to shop there for my own family. I go early in the morning, and I always get the pleasure of checking out with the cashier named Yolanda. I would actually wait in line to check out with her over anyone else. She always gives exceptional service, makes excellent conversation and I always leave with a smile on my face. She's fast, she acknowledges everything in your order, and she is so polite! I hope you keep Yolanda around and show her the recognition she so well deserves. Being in customer service as long as I have, you learn to appreciate people like her. They are far and few between. Good job Yolanda!
False advertising... Sign out front and at the deli counter said my strip 5.99 lb. I asked for 2 strips and the lady behind the counter asked if I wanted regular or thick cut. I asked if they were both under the sale price of 5.99 lb and she said yes so I ordered 2 thick cut steaks. I did the rest of my shopping, bought my items and went home. At home I looked at my receipt and saw they charged me 11.99 lb for the strips. Since I live down the street I ran back up there with the steaks and the receipt to try to save myself the $12-13$ difference I was charged. The girl at the register took my steaks and went to the dell to get it sorted out. When she came back she said that price was for whole ny strip only and that they wouldn't give the advertised price. My steaks weighed almost 2.5 lbs but I guess since they took 30 seconds ahead of time to cut them they weren't "whole" anymore. I could've bought almost 5 lbs for what I paid for the 2 steaks had I not been lied to.
I love this store!!! They have variety and a lot of gourmet specialty items that you can not find anywhere else. Also they make their sushi fresh everyday and have really fresh meat and deli counters. The variety alone in their deli counter is astounding!!! If you have never been to Trentwood farms on Allen road you need to come check it out.
What Chelsea says go's double for me excellent .
They are so nice here!! I get the subs from there for lunch on Fridays, they are always fresh and tasty. I brought a friend this time and they made a special one by request Just for her. The subs are huge and a great price! Will continue to tell others and get my lunch there on Fridays.


and r no more visible.
and ID) but if it can be done automatically it would help me a lot.
think user will find it easy.
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> rpt to print it.
> and ID) but if it can be done automatically it would help me a lot.
> think user will find it easy.


text:
An Urgent Plea for Disciplistic Baptism in the Buddhist Context
by Daniel Daesoon Kim
The supreme task given to the Church is the disciplization of all nations. Each generation ought to discern its unique context and how to implement disciplistic baptism.
The quiet water in the swimming pool was disrupted by abrupt splashes as a middle-aged woman entered and came out by the guidance of two church leaders. Fellow church members toppled the magnitude of water splashes with cheerful songs and unsynchronized strings of an old guitar. Beaming, the woman received warm congratulations and a bundle of red roses from the other church members. This woman was born into a traditional Buddhist family but had just participated in the sacred rite of Christianity. Six months after joining a women's fellowship, she responded to the invitation to receive Christ. Christian baptism followed not long after her conversion.
This is only one example of baptism we have witnessed during our many years of cross-cultural mission in Asia. This, however, was not much different from the baptism found in Western Christianity, and so we must ask ourselves: Is it suitable to transplant the foreign model of baptism into the Buddhist context, hurrying to offer the quick baptism (i.e., "conversionistic baptism")?
Contemporary Observation
Biblical Christianity wrapped in North American culture has unpretentiously produced an Americanized form of Christianity. The contextualization of biblical Christianity in North American culture is suitable for North American Christianity; however, an Americanized Christianity should be unwrapped of its "Americanness" before exporting it to other cultures.
Unfortunately, Americanized Christianity has been precariously transplanted onto mission fields all over the world. Often, local receivers are unaware of or incapable of correctly discerning and distinguishing the "Americanness" of Christianity from "biblical" Christianity. The apostolic Church in Acts, on the other hand, demonstrated how to effectively unwrap the Jewishness of the gospel when taking it to the Gentiles (Acts 15).
A Look at Americanized Christianity
What does an Americanized Christianity look like? First, it emphasizes individualistic conversion, raising hands with an acceptance prayer. Second, it tends to reduce the biblical gospel to conversion. This kind of gospel has resulted in both local pastors and Americanized missionaries struggling with how to disciple new believers in a systematic, integrative, and culturally sensitive way after the quick baptism.
Samuel Kim's conversation with a Thai pastor reveals the reality of transplanted Christianity in the Buddhist world. He spoke of Thai people getting up to accept Christ at revival meetings in Northern Thailand. To this Thai pastor, this was the way to be a disciple of Christ (1980, 129). From whom did this Thai pastor learn that getting up was the way to become a disciple of Christ?
Mark Noll writes that American missions increasingly reflects forms of Christianity that are conversionist, voluntarist, entrepreneurial, and nondenominational (2009, 91). The Buddhist world in Asia received this form of Christianity from both American and non-American missionaries who exerted little effort in contextualizing the gospel and the baptism suitable to the Buddhist culture.
World Christianity has been shaped by American Christianity. However, whereas Americanized Christianity is "conversionistic Christianity," biblical Christianity portrays "disciplistic Christianity."
The Problem with Conversion Alone
Jesus never commanded his Church to make converts of all nations; instead, he commanded his Church to make disciples who wholeheartedly follow him—this is disciplistic Christianity. Church growth empowered by the conversionistic gospel is an unhealthy symptom we observe all over the world and leads to a lack of church depth. Buddhist countries like Thailand see little impact of the disciplistic gospel since the baptized are often drawn back to their old religion because they did not comprehend the biblical gospel and the full understanding of baptism.
Ubolwan Mejudhon, a noted Thai missiologist with a Buddhist background, admitted that in the early stages of her ministry she used Western ways of approaching, witnessing, and nurturing Christians and non-Christians. She discovered that Thai Christianity seemed westernized (2003, 96). Her observation was pre-stated by Carl Blanford, who said, "Christianity has been introduced into Thailand by Westerners and is generally regarded as a foreign religion….This foreignness of Christianity as introduced and practiced in Thailand constitutes a difficult barrier for the present-day missionary to overcome" (1985, 84).
Christopher Flanders connects the slowness of church growth in Thailand to the cultural disconnect and the foreignness of Thai Christianity. This foreignness of Christianity continues to be an obstacle that hinders Thais from following Jesus (2011, 19).
Biblical Observation
For the purpose of this article, we must ask ourselves, What is the relationship between discipleship and baptism? "Make disciples" in Matthew 28:19-20 is the main imperative verb with three participles that describe the manner in which a disciple is made: going, baptizing, and teaching. But how is "make disciples" brought about?
The New Testament never portrays the picture of an "unbaptized disciple" because baptism is an important part of a disciple's life. Biblical scholars are not in agreement on the interpretation of whether baptizing is the mode or the means of making disciples.
A natural reading of Matthew 28:19-20 may render the sequential order of baptism prior to instruction. This view interprets "baptizing" and "teaching" in chronological order (see Figure 1). Going comes before baptizing, which comes before teaching. Is this the concept Matthew intends to portray? Or is it possible to interpret that three participles (going, baptizing, and teaching) in making disciples do not mean to be prescriptive as a chronological order, but rather to be descriptive of what involves making disciples? The way we interpret this can influence missiological implications of how we make disciples.
For example, is there a place for a baptism preparatory class in making disciples? Can some instruction be done prior to baptism? Is it biblically acceptable to organize a baptism class to prepare a new convert for baptism? If the local church organizes a baptism preparatory class, how long should it be (Figure 2 below)?
Although Jesus clearly commanded the Church to use baptizing to make disciples, he did not specify the detailed information on how and when to baptize; instead, he left the responsibility to us. The Church in each generation and in each context must formulate the most suitable way to disciple people through baptism. What we see in Acts is a model of baptism which early church leaders contextualized in their context; it is not necessarily the only form for every church in every context and generation.
For early church leaders, baptism was inseparable from discipleship. In their missiological context, they contextualized teaching immediately followed baptism. According to their missiological concept of baptism, this type of practice was the most effective; therefore, there was no reason to delay it. Everett Ferguson argues that teaching must accompany baptizing, but he doesn't explain how and when this happens (2009, 137). Can the context decide whether some disciplistic teaching can be done prior to baptizing?
Historical Observation
After the era of the apostles ended, the apostolic fathers emerged to lead the Church differently. In spite of being well acquainted with the baptismal tradition of the apostles, this next generation of men formulated a different path: baptizing people became an integral part of discipleship called the catechumenate, which was a formal preparation for baptism.
Theologically, the apostolic fathers totally agreed with the apostles on baptism, but missiologically they took a new turn from the practice of baptism shortly after conversion and eventually developed a three-catechumenate process (Arnold 2014, 44; see Figure 3 below). Perhaps the most significant motive for the shift away from baptizing immediately after profession of faith to a time after substantive training, mentoring, and preparation had to do with "the concern the ministers of baptism had from the very beginning for the sincerity of the conversion of the candidates" (Arnold 2004, 42).
Why did the church leaders in the second and third century deviate from the apostles' practice of baptism? Alan Kreider suggests four reasons why the second-century Church developed a lengthy catechumenate which required completion prior to baptism:
1. Most first-century converts were Jews or god-fearers; second-century converts were pagans who needed extensive instruction and re-socialization.
2. The longer catechetical process was a result of the theological disputes present in the second century.
3. In an age of persecution, there was a need to screen out possible spies and informers.
4. The teachings of Jesus required significant time to incarnate and practice as part of the process. (1996, 316-318)
Many evangelical churches today place minimal emphasis on training new believers, especially when compared to the prominence and importance of the catechumenate in the ancient Church. Some churches find it adequate to have a four-week members' class prior to baptism and the acquisition of church membership. Others may have no formal baptismal preparation. How many contemporary evangelical churches, however, have a plan for training new believers over a two or three-year span (Arnold 2004, 44-45)? Evangelical theologian James I. Packer expressed his concern on the lack of catechesis:
Historically, the church's ministry of grounding new believers in the rudiments of Christianity has been known as catechesis—the growing of God's people in the gospel and its implications for doctrine, devotion, duty, and delight. It is a ministry that has waxed and waned through the centuries. It flourished between the second and fifth centuries in the ancient church…. Today, however, things are quite different, and that for a host of reasons. The church in the West has largely abandoned serious catechesis as a normative practice. (2010)
So what had been taught in these three-year baptismal classes? Although the precise structure and format of the catechumenate may have varied from place to place, four common features were central to how the catechesis was carried out: (1) immersion in the word of God, (2) being taught the central doctrines of the faith, (3) being taught spiritual and moral formation, and (4) taking part in deliverance ministry (2004, 46-54).
Personal Journey to Disciplistic Baptism
During our first term working in a Buddhist context, we were naively ignorant of the missiological implication of practicing the conversionistic model of baptism without any adequate disciplistic instruction. We practiced what we knew—the conversion model.
At the end of our first term, an article by Clinton Arnold (2004) prompted us to begin considering the contemporary practice of baptism in the Buddhist context. Like Arnold, we asked ourselves, "Is the current practice of baptism in the context of the Buddhist world effective? Is the quick baptism after conversion suitable for new Buddhist background believers in making disciples of Jesus Christ?" We redirected our attention to investigate the biblical and historical understanding of baptism. I arrived at the conclusion that baptism is not a one-time religious event of going in and out of the water; it is an important process of becoming a disciple of Jesus Christ.
Shortly thereafter, we began implementing a new practice: every baptismal candidate is encouraged to go through the baptism preparation of nine months to one year in the community of believers. Why this timeframe? Because we have seen this prove to be a good timeframe for us. After disciplistic baptism, at least two more years of instruction have been implemented to make disciples of the Buddhist world.
The supreme task given to the Church is the disciplization of all nations. Disciplistic baptism can enhance the process of making disciples of the Buddhist world. Each generation ought to discern its unique context and how to implement disciplistic baptism.
Arnold, Clinton E. 2004. "Early Church Catechesis and New Christian's Classes in the Contemporary Evangelicalism." Journal of Evangelical Theological Society 47(1): 39-54.
Ferguson, Everett. 2009. Baptism in the Early Church: History, Theology, and Liturgy in the First Five Centuries. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Co.
Flanders, Christopher L. 2011. About Face: Rethinking Face for 21st Century Mission. Eugene, Ore.: Pickwick Publications.
Kim, Samuel I. 1980. The Unfinished Mission in Thailand: The Uncertain Christian Impact to Buddhist Heartland. Seoul: East-West Center for Missions Research and Development.
Kreider, Alan. 1996. "Baptism, Catechism, and the Eclipse of Jesus' Teaching in Early Christianity." Tyndale Bulletin 47(2): 315-348.
Mejudhon, Ubolwan. 2003. "Evangelism in the New Millennium: An Integrated Model of Evangelism to Buddhists Using Theology, Anthropology and Religious Studies." In Sharing Jesus in the Buddhist World. Eds. David Lim, Steve Spaulding, and Paul De Neui, 95-119. Pasadena, Calif.: William Carey Library.
Noll, Mark. 2009. The New Shape of World Christianity: How American Experience Reflects Global Faith. Downers Grove, Ill.: InterVarsity Press.
Packer, James I. and Gary A. Parrett. 2010. "The Lost Art of Catechesis." March 12. Accessed February 1, 2013, from www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2010/march/14.26.html.
Daniel Daesoon Kim is director of Chiang Mai Theological Seminary and a church planter with his wife, Song Kim. The two are missionaries with OMF International. Daniel is a graduate of UCLA and Talbot School of Theology.
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Hello! I was playing with the challenge at Tag You're It! and was inspired by the featured artist Loll Thompson whose tag is shown right. I used her colors but in a different way and pull the theme of trees and snow into my tag.
Supplies Used: Creative Vision Stamps, White CS and Watercolor Paper, Memento Inks, Green Copic, Versamark, Gold EP, Stickles Frosted Lace, Blue Satin Loop Ribbon.
Hello! I made this card after watching a video by Melanie using her Gina K Design stamps Pressed Flowers and A Year of Flowers 2 using a 2 step technique. The sentiment is from GKD Joyful Holiday. After photographing the card I decided it needed something else so I added gold sequins from my stash shown in the lower photo.
Other Supplies: White and Red CS; Memento Lady Bug ink, Versafine Onyx Black; Sakura Gold Metallic pen(for flower centers); Black Marker.
Time Out Challenges: #71 Christmas with Optional Twist of Glitter / Shine.
Stamp TV: Mix It Up Monday Challenge It's Your Time to Shine. The sequins and centers of the flower shine.
Winter Wonderland : Poinsettias or Snow is falling.
Which version do you like best? Sequins or no sequins?
Hello! I made this card for the Merry Monday Challenge to use dark blue, light blue and pink on a Christmas card. I used a Christmas Bauble die from Marianne, an embossing folder ( Ornament, Star and Snowflake) by Darice, a Penny Black Stamp from Wonder Collection set with White, Pink and Blue cardstocks. Other supplies: Memento Rose Bud ink, Circle Punch and Die, Pink Satin Ribbon from stash.
Addicted to Stamps Challenge: #136 Die Cuts and/or Punches.
Simon Monday Challenge: Trio-Tastic Use 3 of something on your project.
Simon Wednesday Challenge: Simon says Christmas to Die For. Use die cuts or punches.
Hello! I hope everyone in the U.S. had a great Thanksgiving celebration. I know we enjoyed our Turkey dinner with all the trimmings. It has been a few days since I posted and I would like to enter this CAS card in a few Christmas challenges. I simply stamped and embossed a couple of stamps from GKD Joyful Holiday set using Gold EP on a white cardstock panel and inked the edges with Pilot Metallic Gold Marker. This was placed on a Red CS mat and then a card base of White CS. I decided to let the great tree design be the star of the card.
Stamp TV: Mix It Up Monday challenge-make a CAS card that uses ONE Gina K Designs set using ONLY inks that are traditional Christmas colors!
City Crafter Challenge: Week 89 Gold Finger-use Gold.
As You Like It Challenge: Favorite Christmas Color Combo....I like the elegant look of red with gold. There are so many ways to use these colors to create easy and quick cards.
Time Out Challenges: Challenge #71 Christmas with an Optional Twist of Glitter/Shimmer. Used Gold embossing and metallic pen for shine.
Alphabet Challenge: T for Trees.
Hello! I have two Joy Fold Cards today made for 2 different challenges. The first is for Stamp TV Mix It Up Monday challenge to make a Thankful Joy Fold card. I used pattern papers from GKD The Simple Things and Autumn Landscape pads and GKD stamps from Always Autumn set.
Other supplies: Copic Markers, Memento inks, White CS and another GKD stamp from a mystery bag.
The second Joy Fold Card has a Christmas theme and uses Red, White, and Gray colors for the challenge at Merry Monday. (Missed deadline) I used a pre-printed panel from GKD and GKD stamps from Peace and Joy set. Pattern paper is from Pebbles Welcome Christmas pad and Red and White CS are from stash. Memento Gray Flannel and Rhubarb Stalk inks used for stamping and coloring.
Merry Monday Christmas Challenge: #222 Use Gray, White, and Red OOPS! Missed the deadline.
Fussy and Fancy: 177 Different Fold or Shaped cards. Joy Fold cards above.
Hello! I am back with another post featuring some Christmas cards made with items from Festive Flourishes Luxury Card Kit that came with an issue of Papercraft Inspirations. The card stock and toppers both have foiled accents and colors of coral. I finished both cards with a sentiment from Annabelle stamped with Versamark and embossed with Gold EP.
Craftyhazelnut's Christmas Challenge: #307 Color: Coral a little bit or a lot.
Shopping Our Stash Weekly: Front and Center - use those bits and pieces on your desk that have been laying around, collecting dust. I have had this kit on my desk and decided to use some of the pieces.
Just Add Ink: #377 Just choose 2 from doily, diecut, designer paper. Used designer papers and diecuts on each of these cards.
Hello! I have been making Christmas cards....it's that time of year. I finished up 100 cards (which I have been making all year) to send to Caring Hearts Drive early this week and am now making cards for my Mother. This is one I made for the drive using an old PSX Poinsettia stamp. I stamped and colored the image, then fussy cut and attached to a striped paper from MME. I used a dark green CS for the card base. The word Joy is a GKD stamp.
Craftyhazelnut's Patterned Paper Challenge: November Challenge use patterned paper.
Stay tune for more cards with this stamp which is one of my most favorites.
The drive ends on the 25th but you still have time to send cards. Details here.
Play Along With Tag You're....It!
As Guest Designer on Tag You're It, I made a tag for the reminder for challenge #60 inspired by Featured Designer Diane Jaquay shown below.
Similar to Diane's Tag, I created an ombre background tag using Distress Inks but used a Christmas theme instead of a Thankful theme. Before sponging the background, I stamped and embossed a Gina K Design Mistletoe stamp with Versamark ink and white EP. I added a sentiment from Annabelle that I also embossed and sponged before trimming. I attached a Flourish die cut from Glossy White CS with a Cheery Lyn die beneath the sentiment. The tag was layered with White Glossy CS and finished with a dark Blue ribbon.
Please check out the challenge and play along at Tag You're It.
Hello! For fall cards, I keep going back to this Pumpkin stamp that I think is PSX and I have had many years. I created this card for several challenges adding a Sunflower to the card with an old MFP stamp. The sentiment is from Gina K Design set.
Other Supplies: Papers-GKD Ivory CS, Heartfelt Creations Classic Edition Collection; Inks-Memento Rich Cocoa, SU Always Artichoke, Distress Ink Antique Linen, Copics.
Cards In Envy: Just Pumpkins. Card is flat for use in an envelope. 2nd entry.
Retro Rubber: Challenge 51 Be Thankful. Inspired by photo to use pumpkin and sunflower. Pumpkin stamp is older than 2 years+ as well as the sunflower stamp.
Hello! I was playing with 2 Gina K Design stamps that I won in a Mystery Bag to create a card for the MIUM challenge TREE-mendous. I ended up making two versions. The card on top used one of GKD Perfect Panels which I also won in a challenge.
Other supplies used: GKD All Spruced Up CS, White CS; Memento Northern Pine ink, Versamark ink; Gold EP; Pilot Gold Metallic Marker; Sakura Clear Star Pen. Both quick and easy cards.
Stamp TV: Mix It Up Monday Challenge TREE-mendous. Susie asked us to use a tree in our design.
Mod Squad Challenge: Thankful-make a Thank You or Thanksgiving card.
Hello! I was inspired by the challenge at The Card Concept photo inspiration shown below to create this CAS card to tell someone that I was thinking of them. I stamped the word Hello using a Flourishes stamp with Versamark and Silver EP on Gray CS that I edged with a metallic silver marker. I attached a cut out of a typewriter from a Crate Paper kit and slipped in some pink vellum that I "typed" with words using some more Flourishes stamps. Added some embossing of dots along the bottom edge. Then I added to a shimmery pink card base to finish my Clean and Layered card.
The Card Concept : #61 Pretty in pink. Inspired by the colors and typewriter in the photo.
Simon Wednesday Challenge: Simon says Thinking of You.
Hello! Another quick and easy card that I made for the WIW color challenge at The House That Stamps Built to use Gold, Orange, and Brown or Black. I used Repeat Impressions Vertical Sentiment stamp and Pumpkin stamp on this CAS design. The stamped image layer was edged with gold metallic marker and placed on a Brown card base. Making this post quick and short.
Hello! My second card today has the theme of Thinking Of You but I added an inside message that makes it a Christmas card for a special person. I printed a digital image of Poppies by Crafty Secrets on Watercolor paper and colored with a water brush and Distress Inks. I added a sentiment from Gina K Designs with Memento Tuxedo Black that I embossed with Clear EP. I simply finished with a layer of Black CS and a card base of Green CS. I finished the inside saying "With Love This Christmas Season" (printed on computer) and stamped another sentiment with Gina K Stamps.
Simon Says Wednesday: Simon says Thinking of You.
Welcome! I love birds especially cute chickadees. I was inspired to get out this Chickadee Stamp from Gina K Stamps by the challenge at Inspired by All The Little Things challenge. I combined it with a Musical EF Allegro by Cuttlebug and some Holly stamps from Flourishes using the Sketch from CAS(E) this Sketch to create this Christmas card. Other supplies used: Memento Tuxedo Black, Northern Pine, and Rhubarb Stalk inks; Copics markers; MFP sentiment; Red and White CS; Glossy Accents; Stickles; Red Satin ribbon..
City Crafter Challenge Blog: Challenge 337 Use Ebony and Ivory-use music related items such as musical notes.
Hello! I baked up a two layer cake for my tag to enter the challenge at Tag You're It! this week. I used a cake stamp from Gina K Designs and Birthday Words stamp from Inkadinkado to create a similar look to Rubeena's tag #59 shown below. Finished with some icing of pink stickles, a pink rose and ribbons from stash.
Cute Card Thursday: Challenge 450 Anything but a card.
Crafty Ribbon Challenge: #174 Anything goes with ribbon.
Really Reasonable Ribbon: Challenge #152 Tag You're It with ribbon or trim.


On Wednesday the Craig Rural Fire Protection District Board hosted a ceremonial ground breaking with local contractors and city officials at its live fire training site on Industrial Ave. behind Kmart.
Pictured from left are: Craig City Manager Jim Ferree; Jared Hume and Robert Murray of Anson Excavating & Pipe, Inc.; Don Williams of DNT Electric; Byron Willems, Tony Maneotis, Chief Bill Johnston, Chris Nichols, Alan Webber and John Forgay of the Craig Rural Fire Protection District; City of Craig Mayor Terry Carwile; and Jarrod Ogden, Clancey Comisky, and Sean Stacy of Three Son's Construction.
After months of discussions, planning and public meetings the Craig Rural Fire Protection District Board Wednesday hosted a ceremonial ground breaking ceremony at its live fire training tower site on Industrial Ave. behind Kmart.
Byron Willems, fire board president, said it was a monumental occasion considering the amount of attention the estimated $1.5 million project has received in recent months.
"We're excited about starting the actual physical process of accomplishing our goal," he said.
The ground breaking was attended by all five members of the fire board, Craig Fire/Rescue Chief Bill Johnston, and city officials, as well as representatives from local contractors, including Anson Excavating & Pipe, Inc., Three Son's Construction and DNT Electric.
James Ausberger, of FDI International, LLC, an architectural and engineering firm out of Boulder, also attended the event.
Ausberger is serving as one of the project managers for the fire tower project and said residents can expect to see foundation construction begin after Christmas.
Once the foundation is in place, which entails the installation of special helicoil supports, a boom will be brought in to begin the physical construction of the tower, Ausberger said.
The materials for the fire tower are already onsite.
Final construction of the tower, including utilities and more than 15,000-square feet of landscaping, won't begin until after the spring thaw, Ausberger said.
The training facility itself has a small footprint, but will also feature two driveway entrances and a parking lot, Ausberger said.
The tower is white in color and comprised of three linked structures — including a smoke room, a two-story house and the tower.
It is estimated to be 70 feet long by 30 feet wide, according to the site package.
The tower stands approximately 53 feet tall.
The training facility boasts five separate floors ideal for physical conditioning, punch out panels in the roof to practice ventilation operations, and customizable mazes to train firefighters how to locate victims in smoky conditions with almost no visibility, Ausberger said.


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Sister Mother Warrior
Expected Jul 5, 2022
Acclaimed author of Island Queen Vanessa Riley brings readers a vivid, sweeping novel of the Haitian Revolution based on the true-life stories of two extraordinary women: the first Empress of Haiti, Marie-Claire Bonheur, and Gran Toya, a West African-born warrior who helped lead the rebellion that drove out the French and freed the enslaved people of Haiti.
Gran Toya: Born in West Africa, Abdaraya Toya was one of the legendary minos—women called "Dahomeyan Amazons" by the Europeans—who were specially chosen female warriors consecrated to the King of Dahomey. Betrayed by an enemy, kidnapped, and sold into slavery, Toya wound up in the French colony of Saint Domingue, where she became a force to be reckoned with on its sugar plantations: a healer and an authority figure among the enslaved. Among the motherless children she helped raise was a man who would become the revolutionary Jean-Jacques Dessalines. When the enslaved people rose up, Toya, ever the warrior, was at the forefront of the rebellion that changed the course of history.
Marie-Claire: A free woman of color, Marie-Claire Bonheur was raised in an air of privilege and security because of her wealthy white grandfather. With a passion for charitable work, she grew up looking for ways to help those oppressed by a society steeped in racial and economic injustices. Falling in love with Jean-Jacques Dessalines, an enslaved man, was never the plan, yet their paths continued to cross and intertwine, and despite a marriage of convenience to a Frenchman, she and Dessalines had several children.
When war breaks out on Saint Domingue, pitting the French, Spanish, and enslaved people against one another in turn, Marie-Claire and Toya finally meet, and despite their deep differences, they both play pivotal roles in the revolution that will eventually lead to full independence for Haiti and its people.
Both an emotionally palpable love story and a detail-rich historical novel, Sister Mother Warrior tells the often-overlooked history of the most successful Black uprising in history. Riley celebrates the tremendous courage and resilience of the revolutionaries, and the formidable strength and intelligence of Toya, Marie-Claire, and the countless other women who fought for freedom.
William Morrow
More Books by Vanessa Riley
A Duke, the Lady, and a Baby
A Bittersweet Moment
The Bittersweet Bride
An Earl, the Girl, and a Toddler
Island Queen
The Bashful Bride


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'Scandal' scoop: Can Olivia, Fitz and Jake work together to take down Rowan?
By Natalie Abrams
November 12, 2014 at 12:00 PM EST
Mitchell Haaseth/ABC
Scandal fans have known all along that Rowan Pope (Joe Morton), the nefarious leader of B613, is not a good guy. Fortunately, Olivia (Kerry Washington), Fitz (Tony Goldwyn) and Jake (Scott Foley) are all now in the know, too.
After Rowan basically framed Jake for the murders of Harrison (Columbus Short) and POTUS' son, Jerry (Dylan Minnette), Olivia set out to clear her boyfriend's name, finally uncovering the truth that her father was the mastermind behind it all. Why'd he do it? To ensure Fitz would stay in the White House for another four years and allow Rowan to his job back as the head of the country's shady black ops organization.
But can this tumultuous trio work together to take down one the cunning Command after Fitz beat Jake to a pulp? "It's difficult for him to team up with Jake," Goldwyn tells EW. "There's a lot of hostility there. Fitz feels like a fool. He had his reasons for trusting Rowan more than Jake, but he knows he was clouded by his feelings for Olivia. It was very difficult for him to disentangle that. Jake went through a tough experience and Fitz beat the sh– out of him wrongly, but in another sense, there's a part of Fitz that feels Jake deserved that beating for what he did by taking Olivia away at the moment of Fitz's son's death. That was so dark of Jake and Olivia to do to Fitz. Fitz doesn't have time to reflect on how he feels. It shifts immediately to we've got to get Rowan and everyone's in danger, so he's galvanized into action."
Now that Jake's name has been cleared, at least in Olivia's eyes, what does that mean for the First Love Triangle? "She's definitely feels pulled in the direction of both of them in very different ways for very different reasons," Washington says. "While there's so much love there in both relationships, they're such different relationships. It's a different kind of love and a different kind of relating to each other. They bring out very different parts of her."
You can certainly expect Fitz, who's had the upper hand in the love triangle during recent episodes, to put up a good fight. "Fitz believes they should be together and he believes that they could be," Goldwyn says. "As he said in the past, if she would just commit, they would survive it politically. He's a second term president, so screw them. He knows he can do his job well. He would be all for it. He's been advocating that from the beginning."
But Olivia will have other things on her mind when she's faced with the very real possibility of losing both her mother (or so she thinks) and father in the same year. Can Olivia actually let her father go? "Yeah," Washington says. "She takes all the steps and all the actions to rid herself of her father. I love the way our writers have written the Rowan character because he just represents all of those dark forces in one's life that try to convince you that you can't be whole without them. To me, he's this beautiful archetype of evil, always telling her she's not enough, she can't do it without him, she'll never be accepted, she'll never be loved, she's nothing if not with him. it's just these really classic archetypical expressions of the dark side. Joe Morton plays them so beautifully and in a nuanced way. You feel that deep psychological tug that he's able to have on her sense of self."
Scandal airs Thursdays at 9 p.m. ET on ABC.
Episode Recaps
S7 E18 Recap
Scandal series finale recap: 'Over a Cliff'
By Justin Kirkland
Scandal recap: 'Standing in the Sun'
Scandal recap: 'People Like Me'
Scandal recap: 'The Noise'
Scandal recap: 'The List'
Scandal recap: 'Air Force Two'
Scandal recap:'Allow Me to Reintroduce Myself'
Scandal recap: 'Army of One'
Scandal recap: 'The People v. Olivia Pope'
S7 E9 Recap
Scandal recap: 'Good People'
Scandal recap: 'Robin'
Scandal recap: 'Something Borrowed'
Scandal recap: 'Adventures in Babysitting'
Scandal recap: 'Vampires and Bloodsuckers'
Scandal recap: 'Lost Girls'
Scandal recap: 'Day 101'
Scandal recap: 'Pressing the Flesh'
Scandal premiere recap: 'Watch Me'
Scandal finale recap: 'Tick, Tock'/'Transfer of Power'
Scandal recap: 'Head Games'
Scandal recap: 'The Box'
Scandal recap: 'Mercy'
Scandal recap: 'Trojan Horse'
Shonda Rhimes' political drama: Sex! Murder! Olivia's suits!
Kerry Washington,
Tony Goldwyn,
Bellamy Young
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By Natalie Abrams @NatalieAbrams


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Trelleborgs kommun är en kommun i Skåne län. Centralorten Trelleborg ligger cirka 30 kilometer söder om Malmö.

Området som utgör kommunen är har några av Sveriges bördigaste jordar och är en utpräglad jordbruksbygd. Kusten med dess hamn i centralorten med utrikes färjeförbindelserna präglar det lokala näringslivet. Exempelvis har speditionsföretag etablerats i anslutning till hamnen.

Från det att kommunen bildades och fram till mitten på 1980-talet minskade befolkningen. Därefter vände trenden och har fortsatt öka. Fram till 2006 styrdes kommunen av Socialdemokraterna. Därefter har kommunen haft växlande styren.

Administrativ historik
Kommunens område motsvarar socknarna: Anderslöv, Bodarp, Bösarp, Dalköpinge, Fru Alstad, Fuglie, Gislöv, Grönby, Gylle, Gärdslöv, Hammarlöv, Hemmesdynge, Kyrkoköpinge, Källstorp, Lilla Beddinge, Lilla Isie, Lilla Slågarp, Maglarp, Simlinge, Skegrie, Stora Slågarp, Södra Åby, Trelleborg, Tullstorp, Västra Alstad, Västra Tommarp, Västra Vemmerlöv, Äspö, Önnarp, Östra Klagstorp och Östra Torp. I dessa socknar bildades vid kommunreformen 1862 landskommuner med motsvarande namn. Stadskommunen Trelleborgs stad bildades 1 juni 1867 genom en utbrytning ur Trelleborgs landskommun. 1908 införlivades Trelleborgs landskommun i stadskommunen.

Vid kommunreformen 1952 bildades fem "storkommuner" i området: Alstad (av de tidigare kommunerna Fru Alstad, Lilla Slågarp, Stora Slågarp och Västra Alstad), Anderslöv (av Anderslöv, Börringe, Grönby, Gärdslöv och Önnarp), Gislöv (av Bösarp, Dalköpinge, Gislöv, Gylle och Kyrkoköpinge), Klagstorp (av Hemmesdynge, Källstorp, Lilla Beddinge, Lilla Isie, Simlinge, Södra Åby, Tullstorp, Äspö, Östra Klagstorp och Östra Torp) och Skegrie (av Bodarp, Fuglie, Hammarlöv, Maglarp, Skegrie, Västra Tommarp och Västra Vemmerlöv). Trelleborgs stad förblev opåverkad.

1955 överfördes Simlinge församling från Klagstorps landskommun till Gislövs landskommun.

1967 införlivade Trelleborgs stad landskommunerna: Alstad, Gislöv, Klagstorp och Skegrie, samt större delen ur Anderslövs landskommun (Anderslövs, Grönby, Gärdslövs och Önnarps församlingar). Trelleborgs kommun bildades vid kommunreformen 1971 genom en ombildning av Trelleborgs stad.

Kommunen ingick från bildandet till 2005 i Trelleborgs domsaga och kommunen ingår sedan 2005 i Ystads domsaga.

Geografi
Kommunen gränsar till Skurups, Svedala och Vellinge kommun och ingår i Stormalmö och Öresundsregionen. Trelleborg är Sveriges sydligaste kommun.

Topografi och hydrografi

Området som utgör kommunen är har några av Sveriges bördigaste jordar och är en utpräglad jordbruksbygd. Berggrunden utgörs av kalksten täckt med uppodlade moränleror. Den norra delen präglas av det  sydvästskånska backlandskapet och inkluderar en riklig förekomst av dödisgropar och märgelgravar. Växlande sandiga och steniga stränder utgör kuststräckan. Strandvallarna bildades under den tid då Östersjöns yta var högre än i dag. I kommunen ligger också Sveriges sydligaste udde Smygehuk.

Nedan presenteras andelen av den totala ytan 2020 i kommunen jämfört med riket.

Naturskydd
År 2023 fanns sex naturreservat i Trelleborgs kommun. Öster om centralorten ligger Dalköpinge ängar som är strandängar med ett artrikt växtliv. Området är också en häck- och rastplats för ett rikt fågelliv. Ett annat exempel är det kommunala naturreservatet Maglarps sandtag som bildades 2010. Området har goda förutsättningar för solitära bin, steklar och skalbaggar som en följd av mikroklimatet, sanden, örterna, sälgen och solinstrålningen.

Administrativ indelning
Fram till 2016 var kommunen för befolkningsrapportering indelad i fem församlingar – Anderslövs församling, Dalköpinge församling, Hammarlövs församling, Källstorps församling och Trelleborgs församling.

Från 2016 indelas kommunen istället i 28 distrikt:

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
! De 28 distrikten i Trelleborgs kommun
|-
| valign="top" |

Alstad
Anderslöv
Bodarp
Bösarp
Dalköpinge
Fuglie
Gislöv
Grönby
Gylle
Gärdslöv
Hammarlöv
Hemmesdynge
Kyrkoköpinge
Källstorp
Lilla Beddinge
Lilla Isie
Maglarp
Simlinge
Skegrie
Södra Åby
Trelleborg
Tullstorp
Västra Tommarp
Västra Vemmerlöv
Äspö
Önnarp
Östra Klagstorp
Östra Torp

|}

Tätorter
Det finns nio tätorter i Trelleborgs kommun.

I tabellen presenteras tätorterna i storleksordning per . Centralorten är i fet stil.

* En mindre del av tätorten Beddingestrand tillhör Skurups kommun.

Styre och politik

Styre
Trelleborgs kommun hade 1919 till 2006 ett socialdemokratiskt styre. Mellan 2006 och 2014 styrdes kommunen av en borgerlig koalition med Ulf Bingsgård (M) som kommunstyrelsens ordförande.  Mandatperioden 2014–2018 styrdes kommunen av en blocköverskridande majoritet bestående av Socialdemokraterna, Söderslättspartiet, Miljöpartiet och Centerpartiet. Efter valet 2018 styrde kommunen av Moderaterna och Kristdemokraterna, med passivt stöd av Sverigedemokraterna. Moderaterna och Kristdemokraterna stannade kvar vid makten efter valet 2022. De kunde bilda ett majoritetsstyre genom en koalition med Liberalerna och Sverigedemokraterna.

Nedan presenteras de styrande koalitionerna från 1994 och framåt:

Kommunfullmäktige

Presidium

Mandatfördelning i Trelleborgs kommun, valen 1970–2022

Partiers starkaste valdistrikt, kommunfullmäktigevalet 2018

Nämnder

Kommunstyrelsen

Lista över kommunstyrelsens ordförande

Övriga nämnder

Ekonomi och infrastruktur

Näringsliv
Hamnen i centralorten och de utrikes färjeförbindelserna präglar det lokala näringslivet, exempelvis har speditionsföretag etablerats i anslutning till hamnen. Utöver detta fanns i början av 2020-talet en  betydande tillverkningsindustri, där det dominerande företaget var Trelleborg Industri AB (gummiprodukter). Vidare var den offentliga sektorn stor med arbetsgivare som exempelvis Trelleborgs lasarett.

Infrastruktur

Transporter
Till Malmö går busstrafik och sedan december 2015 pågatåg från Trelleborg C. Järnvägsstationen är placerad intill färjeterminalen och gör det möjligt att snabbt ta sig till färjorna från tågen.

Färjetrafik går regelbundet från  Trelleborgs Hamn till Sassnitz, Rostock och Lübeck-Travemünde i Tyskland samt till Świnoujście i Polen.
De tre dominerande rederierna är TT-Line, Stena Line och Unity Line.

Befolkning

Demografi

Befolkningsutveckling
Kommunen har  invånare (), vilket placerar den på  plats avseende folkmängd bland Sveriges kommuner.

Utländsk bakgrund
Den 31 december 2014 utgjorde antalet invånare med utländsk bakgrund (utrikes födda personer samt inrikes födda med två utrikes födda föräldrar) 8 543, eller 19,88 % av befolkningen (hela befolkningen: 42 973 den 31 december 2014).

Invånare efter de 10 vanligaste födelseländerna
Följande länder är de 10 vanligaste födelseländerna för befolkningen i Trelleborgs kommun.

Kultur

Museum
År 2023 fanns 17 museum i kommunen. Bland dessa Trelleborgs museum som visar kulturhistoria, så som Söderslätts och stadens historia, och tillfälliga utställningar. Andra museer var till exempel Anderslövs museum (som visar föremål, handlingar, litteratur, musik, teckningar, konst och fotografier) och uniformsmuseet Uniform Collection.

Kulturarv

Bland kommunens kulturarv hittas Vikingaborgen i Trelleborg. Det är en rekonstruktion uppbyggt på 1990-talet efter en ringborg från vikingatiden som hittades 1988.

Ett annan byggnad med gamla anor är Fru Alstads kyrka som uppfördes på 1400-talet. Det är en av områdets äldsta byggnader.

Kommunsymboler

Kommunvapen
Blasonering: I blå sköld en med kärna försedd krenelerad borg, vars tvänne yttre kreneleringar äro försedda med flaggor. Borgen åtföljd av en halvmåne till höger och en sexuddig stjärna till vänster, allt av silver.

Ett stadssigill från 1400-talet (Trelleborg hade stadsprivilegier fram till 1619) ligger till grund för vapnet, fastställt av Kungl. Maj:t 1924 för Trelleborgs stad. Efter kommunbildningen registrerades vapnet i PRV 1974, med bibehållande av 1924 års språkdräkt. Av kommunerna inom Trelleborgsblocket hade även Alstads landskommun ett vapen.

Kommunfågel

Se även
Personer med anknytning till Trelleborgs kommun
 Axel Ebbes konsthall

Referenser
 Statistiska Centralbyrån

Noter

Externa länkar
 Trelleborgs kommun

Sveriges kommuner

Kommuner i Öresundsregionen


The emphasis at Little Jewels is to provide a safe and comfortable place where children feel secure and happy. It is a 'home away from home 'where everything is directed at bringing the best out of each child in terms of language, intellectual imagination and social interaction.
We hold a long standing philosophy of promoting children's early learning through play. This philosophy values the importance of early play opportunities where children can explore, be creative and imaginative and active in their learning. This view has been highlighted within the revised Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) where it discusses the importance of these play experiences in order to build a solid foundation for future learning and the development of each individual child.
At little jewels Pre-school we teach children to learn through play. This method encourages the children to develop skills and to learn by examples whilst playing, thus making the learning process both fun and enjoyable.


The GCGI is pleased to announce the eleventh international conference of the Globalisation for the Common Good Conference Series from Sunday August 25 to Wednesday August 28, 2013 to be held at Cité universitaire internationale in association with the INSTITUT CEDIMES, entitled:"Imagining a Better World: An Intergenerational Dialogue for the Common Goodto Inspire a Creative Leadership"..
"What is the unfolding story of the next decades?
*The key objective of our GCGI Paris Conference is to advance youth as a value-creating resource, building on scholarship, intergenerational dialogue, and the commitment to the global common good.
*To imagine the "World of My Dream".
Today many of the youth of the world have committed themselves to build a world that is just, free and prosperous for all, by promoting and practicing the true human values of love, compassion, justice, dialogue, truthfulness, honesty, trustworthiness, humility, courtesy, hard work, dedication, commitment, sympathy, empathy, volunteerism and service. Values such as these should never be underestimated; the power of a value-led life coupled with the commitment and the passion of young activists is a force for change that cannot be matched. Such youth are empowering the world for the common good.
These qualities, essential for the moulding of character, must be internalised, and be expressed in daily action, whether in the context of family, community, country, or the world at large. The youth aspire to be an instrument of peace, promoting dialogue, advancing justice, so that we can all realise our dreams. The dream of young people has become the dream of the older generation. Their hope is now the common hope.
Whilst paraphrasing the wise words of the United Nations Secretary- General, and echoing his hope, it can be seen that, around the world, there is growing recognition of the need to strengthen policies and investments involving young people. We call on Governments, the private sector, civil society and academia to open doors for young people and strengthen partnerships with youth-led organizations. Youth can determine whether this era moves toward greater peril or more positive change.
We know that the best ideals of young people are inspired by so much wisdom of previous generations some of it very ancient. In standing upon such ideals and wisdom we proclaim that it is possible to change our troubled world for the better, enabling us to build a world fit for the common good.
The GCGI Paris Conference is intended to be a multi- and inter-disciplinary dialogue that aims to bring together people from a wide range of disciplines, professions, ages and NGOs to focus on what "Imagining a Better World: An Intergenerational Dialogue for the Common Good to Inspire a Creative Leadership" means and entails. We seek contributions from both practitioners and academics, and from the widest possible range of intellectual interests and commitment.
The great relevance and timeliness of this topic, and its theme, hardly needs to be stated: nothing is of greater importance at present than the necessity of keeping rigorous and constructive debate and dialogue between different disciplines, ideas, values, generations, visions and dreams to address the multitude of global challenges. We are convinced that much of the ongoing and steadily exacerbating discord arises from an unwillingness to communicate and bridge gaps in understanding, especially where issues of religion, philosophy, ethics, spirituality, gender, generational dialogue, economics, globalisation and capitalism are concerned.
Which paths should be recommended to shift the current destructive global political-economic order from one of unrestrained economic growth, profit maximisation and cost minimisation, leading to ecological degradation, and social inequity to one that preserves and enhances social and ecological well-being, as well as human happiness, contentment, and well-being?
Which ethical/spiritual sources should be considered in economic/business ethics and economic behaviour? How are the deeper needs of Happiness, meaningful life, death and beyond, community life, virtues, and values affected? How can we integrate these into economic theories and decisions? How can we deal with individual or institutionalized greed and self-absorption? What should be the role of universities in building an integrity-based model of business education? What are the requirements of a virtuous economy? How can we overcome poverty and scarcity with limited natural resources? What is the role of the next generation of business leaders? How should the training of young executives be directed? How should it supply insights into the nature of globalisation from diverse economic, technological, and spiritual perspectives? How should such education build support relationships among the participants that will lead to a deeper appreciation of the ethical aspects of business and finance; leading toward action for the common good within their chosen careers? In short, how can the intended outcome develop insight, commitment, and moral capacity in the participants to serve as leaders in the world community, working toward the global common good?
*In short, how can the intended outcome develop insight, commitment and capacity in the participants to serve as leaders in the world community, working toward the global common good?
The conference welcomes abstracts from academicians, researchers, activists, youth forums, organizers, officials, post-grad/ doctoral students, artists, film makers, musicians, photographers, social media, technology and IT and others specializing in a range of disciplines, including, education, theology, philosophy, ethics, history, political science, international relations, conflict analysis and peace research, economics, business studies, law, sociology, media studies and journalism, arts and entertainment, psychology, health sciences and medicine, environmental studies, and geography. Contributions are also invited from persons in government, civil society, diplomacy, law, the media, the health professions and business, as well as those involved in religious and Interreligious/ intercultural/ intercivilisational dialogue.
Proposals should be received no later than Monday, April 1, 2013. We welcome early submission of abstracts.
Title of proposed presentation, workshop, or roundtable.
A 250-word abstract, highlighting the proposal's relevance to one or other of the key themes outlined above.
Author's name and institutional affiliation (if any); as well as an up-to 100 words biographical note on the presenter. Please include your email address and website, if available.
Papers, Presentations and Workshops Papers should be of no more than 15 minutes duration (2000 words max). This is to allow ample time for Q&A period. The time allotted to workshops will be considered on an individual basis. Other forms of presentation will be considered on request.
Presenters are strongly encouraged not to read their papers verbatim: draft papers, or at least a working summary of it will be available on the web site prior to the conference beginning. We hope that presenters will instead speak to the significant points raised in their papers, encouraging dialogue, engagement and a rewarding debate. The GCGI does not accept papers for presentation in abstention or via electronic means.
We have a strong commitment to providing opportunities for conference participants to interact, converse, dialogue, and learn from each other. Built in to the conference programme are a number of sessions and events that are designed specifically to promote interactions among the Conference participants. These range from more formal plenary sessions, through parallel presentations, to informal coffee breaks and optional activities.
Plenary sessions are scheduled once or more per day, for all participants to attend. Invited speakers address the group with formal presentations on topics of common interest, which can then serve as "touchstones" for subsequent conversations among delegates throughout the conference. Speakers are chosen on the basis of their scholarship, experience, and expertise, as well as on the relevance of their topic to the community. Suggestions for plenary speakers are welcomed; please email us with the name, contact information, and a brief overview of the potential speaker/s' work or intended topic.
Plenary sessions also serve as sources of information about the conference structure and activities, particularly the Opening Session on the first day of the conference.
Thematic Paper Sessions: Individual paper presentations that are organized into thematic areas by the conference's scientific committee. Papers on a common topic, or representing different perspectives on an issue, are presented sequentially in a session, with group discussion following to consider the ideas and implications arising from the papers as a set of ideas.
Roundtable Discussions: Individual authors have an assigned table during a session to review and discuss the ideas, frameworks, and perspectives underlying their work with interested delegates who gather at the table.
Workshops: Interactive sessions in which skills or concepts are taught, demonstrated, or explored.
Colloquia: Groups of 3 to 5 colleagues present separate papers on a common topic or theme.
Poster/Exhibits: Individual participants present visual displays (posters) of the status of their work, or exhibits of artwork, models, or other products.
Talking Circles give shape to a conference that is wide-ranging in its scope and broad-minded in its interests. Delegates have the opportunity to interact around the key ideas of the conference away from the formalities of the plenary, paper, workshop and colloquium sessions. These are places for the cross-fertilization of ideas, where cycles of conversation are begun, and relationships and networks formed. Their intention is to find a common ground of shared meanings and experiences in which differences are recognized and respected. Through the conversations begun and sustained by Talking Circles, the group proposes themes, questions, and foci for the community and conference the following year.
Publications Process All papers accepted for and presented at the conference will be eligible for inclusion in our e-journal, Journal of Globalization for the Common Good, which is hosted at Purdue University, USA.
Selected papers may be invited to go forward for development into 15-20 page chapters for publication in a themed ISBN hard copy volume. The decision whether to proceed to hard copy publication will be taken by the Organising Chairs, the host institute, and the Steering Group within four weeks of the conference close and is subject to availability of funding.
*Please note that travel arrangements and costs are the responsibility of participants or their sponsoring institutions. The Conference Conveners are not able to offer financial support. However, as with other GCGI conferences, we will do our best, working as volunteers, drawing no income, organising the conference as a non-profit making event and more, to keep the costs to absolute minimum. Moreover, as in the past, if we succeed in developing collaborative ventures with others who wish to volunteer some funding, then, we will subsidise the costs even further for the benefit of all the participants.
This self-sustaining funding mechanism has been a key lynch pin of our independence and integrity. At no point in our history has the GCGI been so reliant on external sources that if external funding is removed, the GCGI cannot continue.
The Conference venue is at Cité universitaire internationale, Paris (http://www.ciup.fr/en/) and the Conference is residential.
The participants are responsible for their own travels to Paris and to Cité universitaire internationale.
*To cover admittance to all presentations, breakfasts, morning and afternoon tea/ coffee breaks, lunches and dinners and the Conference Dinner on Tuesday 27 August, as well as all taxes and VAT.
The Cité internationale univeristaire (ciup.fr) offer excellent accommodation in historic surroundings with unique architecture.


Some 230,000 security personnel will guard Christmas celebrations in Egypt next week after a string of church and mosque bombings in the country.
Across the country, many churches and other places of worship are considering security measures as mass shootings have become a tragically familiar narrative in the United States.
My purpose this morning is not to argue for one side or the other. Rather, it is to think biblically with you about three issues central to the debate.
Bellevue Baptist Church, a megachurch in Memphis, received a scare when an armed man entered the building on Easter Sunday.


text:
...Resources hubClean Energy Australia Report
Posted on 1 April, 2022
The Clean Energy Australia report provides a comprehensive overview of the Australian clean energy sector.
The report covers the latest key figures and statistics on the national energy market. It is the only analysis that includes the National Electricity Market, the Western Australian electricity grid and other major regional grids across the country in areas such as the Northern Territory.
Clean Energy Australia Report 2022
2021 snapshot
The Australian renewable energy industry powered on in 2021, generating more clean energy than ever before and adding a record amount of new capacity.
The Australian renewable energy industry accounted for 32.5 per cent of Australia's total electricity generation in 2021, which represented an increase of almost 5 percentage points compared to 2020. This growth was again led by small-scale solar, which added 3.3 GW of new capacity during the year to record its fifth-straight record-breaking year. The large-scale sector also had a bumper year in 2021, adding 2955 MW across 27 projects, which included Australia's three largest solar farms and two of the country's three largest wind farms.
More than any other year so far, 2021 signalled the inevitability of Australia's clean energy future Clean Energy Council Chief Executive, Kane Thornton
At the end of 2021, 66 large-scale wind and solar projects were under construction or financially committed, representing more than 7 GW of new capacity and 19,000 jobs. You can view more detail on the projects currently under development around the country on our project tracker page.
View renewable energy projects
renewable energy projects completed in 2021
megawatt capacity
Clean energy technologies
Australia's leading source of clean energy generation in 2021 was again wind, which accounted for 35.9 per cent of renewable generation and 11.7 per cent of total electricity generation. The sector added 1.7 GW of new capacity in 2021, its third-straight record-breaking year, and two of Australia's three largest wind farms were commissioned during the year.
The small-scale solar sector added 3.3 GW of new capacity in 2021, the first time it has passed the 3 GW mark. This represents the fifth-straight year that the sector has broken the record for annual installed capacity and the second year in a row that it has broken the record for new installations.
The large-scale solar sector bounced back in 2021, adding more than 1.2 GW of new capacity throughout the year after falling below the 1 GW mark in 2020. This made 2021 the sector's second-best year and included the commissioning of Australia's three largest solar farms.
The battery storage sector continued to make steady progress in 2021, with the commissioning of the Victorian Big Battery a headline achievement. Continued strong interest in both large-scale and household batteries means that the sector is poised to expand exponentially in the coming years.
Governments and businesses also continued to strongly back the hydrogen industry in 2021, with more than 100 projects worth $163 billion under development at the end of the year.
Percentage of renewable generation by technology type
Annual electricity generation
Percentage contribution to total annual electricity generation
Renewable energy by state
The states and territories continued to lead Australia's renewable energy transition in 2021, demonstrating just what is possible with good policy and bipartisan support.
The eyes of the world were on South Australia in 2021 as the amount of the state's electricity that came from wind and solar reached unparalleled levels. Of all the records broken in SA in 2021, the most impressive was when the state was powered entirely by wind and solar over a 93-hour period. This was a record for a gigawatt-scale grid anywhere in the world.
New South Wales maintained its clean energy momentum in 2021, making a flurry of new announcements and commitments, including formally declaring Australia's first renewable energy zone, offering $3 billion in incentives for new hydrogen projects in the state and approving the construction of Project EnergyConnect, the $2.3 billion interconnector between NSW and South Australia.
Victoria clean energy ambitions also continued in 2021 with the launch of VRET2, the state's second renewable energy auction that will procure 600 MW of new large-scale wind, solar and hydro capacity across the state. Victoria also became host to Australia's largest battery in 2021 following the completion of the 300 MW/450 MWh Victorian Big Battery.
See how your state is tracking below.
Renewables by state (2021)
Penetration of renewables
Renewable generation (GWh)
Total renewable generation (GWh)
Note: The ACT is part of the NSW region and data for the NT grid is unavailable.
Other key findings
18 corporate power purchase agreements were announced in 2021, directly contracting over 800 MW of renewable energy generation.
There were 389,577 rooftop solar installations in 2021, which was the second year in a row that the sector has broken the record for new installs. This pushed the industry past the significant milestone of 3 million solar homes, meaning that more than one in three Australian households are now powered by the sun.
Thirty large-scale batteries were under construction at the end of 2021 with a combined capacity and storage duration of 921 MW/1169 MWh. Australian households also installed 40,415 small-scale batteries in 2021, a strong increase on the 23,796 batteries installed in 2020.
The hydrogen industry received significant backing in 2021, including the Federal Government's $464 million Clean Hydrogen Industrial Hubs Program, the release of the NSW Government's Hydrogen Strategy committing $3 billion in support for the sector and several major announcements by Andrew Forrest's Fortescue Future Industries.
Thank you to all our advertisers, who helped to make the 2022 Clean Energy Australia Report possible.
All Thread Industries
Horizon Power
Ingeteam
Trina Tracker
Past Clean Energy Australia Reports
Clean Energy Australia 2021
Download the full Clean Energy Australia Report 2022.


The European Commission will proceed with its antitrust case against Microsoft regardless of the announcement late Thursday that the software giant is stripping its browser, Internet Explorer (IE), from the next incarnation of its operating system, Windows 7, in Europe.
The Commission has accused Microsoft of stealing an unfair advantage for IE by tying, or bundling it in with Windows since 1996.
"At the level of both computer manufacturers and retail sales, the Commission's statement of objections (SO) suggested that consumers should be provided with a genuine choice of browsers. Given that over 95 percent of consumers acquire Windows pre-installed on a PC, it is particularly important to ensure consumer choice through the computer manufacturer channel," the statement said.
Stripping out IE from Windows "may potentially be positive," the statement said, as this would allow original equipment manufacturers to offer their customers PCs with a browser of their choice, whether it be IE or a rival browser such as Opera, Mozilla's Firefox, Google's Chrome or Apple's Safari.
However, the statement was less positive about the effect on direct sales of Windows to consumers. "Rather than more choice, Microsoft seems to have chosen to provide less," it said.
Opera, a Norwegian browser whose complaint to the European Commission at the end of 2007 sparked the antitrust investigation in the first place, welcomed Microsoft's move but said it was just a step in the right direction.
Vinje added that stripping out IE from Windows does not go far enough.
"Microsoft must now give users real choice, and not only buyers of new computers, but also existing users. Microsoft should provide a ballot screen through which both existing users and buyers of new PCs can easily select and get a browser of their choice," he said.
He also pointed out that Microsoft must be punished for tying IE into Windows for over a decade.


Contained in this book are 132 recipes of natural foods prepared the African way in very simple manner, but very tasty and life changing in that they are healthy and modest in cost.
Sermons from Simple Church in Oxford, AL.
This audio is from Good News Ministries series Simple Secrets of the Kingdom an inductive study of Gods word.
Robust reformed theology made simple by Dan, Tim, and Jonesy. Also known as, Two Presbyterians and a Baptist.