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This resource gives a general sense of how so-called "paper checker" applications work and provides best practices for their use. See also our similar article on citation generators.
If you've used a word processor in the past several decades, you are probably already very familiar with the idea of a "spell checker." This, of course, is a feature of a program that notifies you when you type a misspelled word. Spell checkers make life easier for writers by reducing the time they need to spend re-reading their work for typos. They are such handy labor-saving tools that we now tend to take them for granted, despite the fact that they can occasionally make mistakes (for instance, by flagging a foreign word as improperly-spelled). Most writers simply understand that the editorial input a spell checker provides must be secondary the author's own judgment.
Recently, "paper checker" applications that tout features far beyond basic spell checking have emerged. Most at least provide sentence-by-sentence grammar feedback. Some apps even boast the ability to pinpoint tricky voice and style concerns (like, for instance, inappropriate use of the passive voice) and give on-the-fly suggestions for improvement. These powerful new features make the author's oversight even more important. Used judiciously, paper checkers can make the work of revision quicker and easier than ever before. Used carelessly, however, they can become crutches that narrow writers' horizons, prevent true growth, and even sometimes introduce new errors.
In short, like spell checkers, paper checkers work best when their advice is secondary to the author's own judgment. For this reason, the "best practice" guidance in this resource is intended to help you exercise your judgment if you choose to use a paper checker app.
How Do Paper Checkers Work?
Like most digital products, paper checker apps vary greatly in their quality, reliability, and sophistication. Some apps perform both very simple functions (like checking for spelling errors) and complex functions (like looking for sentence structure errors) as they review your paper.
Paper checkers' simpler functions usually operate according to rote systems of rules. For example, they may catch spelling errors by comparing each word in the paper to a large database of recognized words. Any word that does not match a word in the database can be quickly flagged as misspelled. They may catch simple grammatical errors via similar rules: a rule that periods must precede (and not follow) an ending quotation mark, for example, would help the app catch improperly-formatted quotations.
The diagram below illustrates how a paper checker handles a simple task: spell-checking.
More advanced functions may rely on machine learning techniques. These involve "training" the program to recognize errors by providing it with a large number of examples. For instance, designers may have the program process 50,000 sentences that contain a certain type of error and 50,000 sentences that do not contain this error. Gradually, by processing many successive examples, the program develops an algorithm to recognize the linguistic patterns that signal the presence of the error. This allows the program to make educated guesses about the error when it encounters a new sentence.
The diagram below illustrates how a paper checker can use algorithmic training to identify more complex errors:
These are, of course, greatly simplified explanations. The most important thing to remember is that paper checker apps are basically designed to recognize certain patterns in your paper so that they can identify errors and make suggestions about how to fix them. The ability to perform quick and uniform pattern recognition makes paper checker apps very powerful tools. However, it also means that they interpret writing in a fundamentally different way than the human brain does, which can occasionally result in blindspots.
How Can I Use Paper Checkers Wisely?
Re-read your work regardless of the app's suggestions (or lack thereof).
This is the single most important rule for responsible paper checker usage. The other suggestions below might even be thought of as variations on this theme.
Even today's most expertly-engineered paper checkers are not perfect. They may, for instance, occasionally misjudge "borderline" cases where strict adherence to grammatical rules doesn't make sense. They may also falter in cases where the best sentence phrasing is determined by the author's intended meaning or the writing's context.
For example, one paper checker app that we tested struggled with the following sentence:
"Walking down the street and talking on the phone, a dog passed me by."
The app did not indicate any errors in this sentence. However, given the author's likely intended meaning, the sentence is incorrect. The clause "walking down the street and talking on my phone" appears to modify the subject "dog." Of course, dogs cannot talk on phones. The initial clause modifies an implied "I" subject. The sentence might be better written as follows:
"As I walked down the street and talked on the phone, a dog passed me by."
In this version of the sentence, the "I" subject of the initial clause is clear. We call this type of error a dangling modifier error (see our resource on dangling modifiers for more information).
This is just one example of why it's important never to mindlessly accept suggested revisions. Instead, review each revision individually to ensure the app's suggestions make sense, and be sure also to re-read passages without any suggested changes.
Know the app's limitations.
Think of this as a companion to the tip above. As you review your work, keep in mind that paper checkers can neither assess the meaning of your writing nor its persuasive strength. This means that they often have certain conceptual "blind spots" that can lead them to miss certain kinds of mistakes.
Here are just a few examples of things that paper checkers cannot always catch:
Meaning-dependent grammatical errors (like dangling modifiers—see the example above)
Certain sentence style issues (like a lack of linguistic clarity or a confusing structure)
Certain paragraph-level issues (like providing redundant or unnecessary information)
Poor word choice (like accidentally using "allegory" instead of "metaphor")
Certain kinds of misspellings (like spelling a source's name wrong)
Bad citation practices (like citing the wrong source, formatting a citation incorrectly, or placing a citation in a place that doesn't make sense)
Bad inferences (like extrapolating sweeping assumptions from limited evidence)
Weak arguments (like a reliance on logical fallacies)
Nonsensical imagery or metaphor (like saying "we are at the precipice of an important crossroads")
Improper formatting (like capitalizing every word of a source title in APA format)
Keep the context in mind as you interpret the app's suggestions.
Grammar, style, and voice are not absolute sciences. Sometimes things like the purpose or intended audience of your writing can determine which choices are best. Thus, it's important to consider these things as you revise.
For example, many paper checkers can identify the use of the passive voice and flag instances as possible errors. In general, this is good. Careless use of the passive voice can lead to dull or convoluted writing. For instance:
"The race and the gold medal were won by me."
Clearly, "I won the race and the gold medal" is a more natural phrasing. In some cases, writers acting in bad faith can even use passive voice to obscure the true meaning of a sentence. See, for instance, this example:
"A number of indiscretions were found by outside investigators."
How satisfying would it be to read this sentence in a statement from a CEO or politician in the midst of a scandal? Not very—it uses the passive voice to shirk responsibility for wrongdoing.
However, sometimes the passive voice is preferable because it emphasizes the object or action in the sentence, rather than the actor. For example, passive voice is often prized in scientific writing, where it is used to describe experimental methods with a detached, objective quality. For example:
"The catalyst was added to a 250 milliliter Erlenmeyer flask."
"The experiment was performed under positive-pressure conditions."
Given the context, we would be right to interpret these sentences as more appropriate than ones like "I added the catalyst to a 250 milliliter Erlenmeyer flask."
Ignore suggestions for passages that are formally or stylistically adventurous.
Ordinary writing rules tend to go out the window when an author is playing with style or form for artistic reasons. This means that it can be wise to ignore a paper checker's suggestions for passages that do either of these things.
Examples are abundant in the world of poetry. Poets tend to value expression, rhythm, imagery, and feeling far more than grammatical convention. For example, here is the E.E. Cummings love poem Somewhere I Have Never Traveled Gladly Beyond:
"(i do not know what it is about you that closes
and opens;only something in me understands
the voice of your eyes is deeper than all roses)
nobody,not even the rain,has such small hands"
If we were to accept every suggestion that a paper checker app might make for this poem, it simply wouldn't be the same.
Plenty of prose examples also exist. Thomas Pynchon is an author who frequently uses run-on sentences to give his stories a disorienting, breathless quality. Here is the opening sentence from his novel The Crying of Lot 49:
"One summer afternoon Mrs. Oedipa Maas came home from a Tupperware party whose hostess had put perhaps too much kirsch in the fondue to find that she, Oedipa, had been named executor, or she supposed executrix, of the estate of one Pierce Inverarity, a California real estate mogul who had once lost two million dollars in his spare time but still had assets numerous and tangled enough to make the job of sorting it all out more than honorary."
Even non-fiction writing can play with form and style. Here is part of the opening to Hunter S. Thompson's Hell's Angels: A Strange and Terrible Saga (the actual paragraph goes on much longer). In this passage, Thompson uses a strategy similar to Pynchon's to mirror the chaos that would accompany the notorious biker gang's rides:
"California, Labor Day weekend . . . early, with ocean fog still in the streets, outlaw motorcyclists wearing chains, shades and greasy Levis roll out from damp garages, all-night diners and cast-off one-night pads in Frisco, Hollywood, Berdoo and East Oakland, heading for the Monterey peninsula, north of Big Sur . . . The Menace is loose again, the Hell's Angels, the hundred-carat headline, running fast and loud on the early morning freeway, low in the saddle, nobody smiles, jamming crazy through traffic and ninety miles an hour down the center stripe, missing by inches . . . "
In any of the above cases, the author would be wise not to accept a paper checker's revisions. These could rob the passages of their artistic character, and, in doing so, make them less effective.
Use caution if you are a multilingual writer.
The rules of English grammar, which can be complex, idiosyncratic, and arbitrary, are notoriously difficult to learn. Moreover, as writers move across professional settings, what counts as "English" can vary by discipline, community, and even by supervisor (see, e.g., Guerra, 2015). It is no wonder that people learning English as a primary or additional language can often be confounded. It is also no wonder that paper checker apps can subsequently appear very appealing to some multilingual writers.
Unfortunately, paper checkers can struggle with multilingual writing, which often does not contain the well-known patterns of error that speakers and writers more culturally-fluent in academic Englishes can exhibit. This means that, in certain situations, paper checker apps can actually make learning English more difficult by way of making improper suggestions.
Multilingual writers can help protect themselves by taking the following precautions:
1. Don't assume that everything flagged as an error is incorrect.
Paper checkers sometimes produce "false positives" when they misread the structure or syntax of a multilingual writer's sentence. One app that we tested flagged an error in the following sentence from a multilingual student's paper that turned out to be correct:
Although they are presented as discrete, it is more likely that they overlap and influence one another in as yet undetermined ways.
This sentence is grammatically correct. However, the paper checker suggested that the writer change "that" to "than" because it thought the writer was trying to make a comparison--probably because the app detected the preceding "more likely," which triggered a rule for how comparative sentences are supposed to structured. Of course, this sort of comparison is not occurring here.
2. Don't assume that all errors in the writing have been identified.
On the other hand, paper checkers also sometimes miss errors when multilingual writing uses unexpected syntax or structure. The app that we tested missed an error in the following sentence from a multilingual student's paper:
The simple interface of Facebook in my Firefox pleased my eyes.
In this case, the app did not identify that "my Firefox" is an awkward, inappropriate phrase that would probably be better expressed as "the Firefox browser" or something similar. It also did not suggest that the writer use the more natural "Facebook interface" in place of "interface of Facebook."
However, it did suggest that "interface" was confusing technical jargon that should be exchanged with a synonym. This is debatable and depends on the context--in a technical document or a piece of writing intended for experienced computer users, the term would probably be fine. The app's suggested change was plainly wrong, however: exchanging "point of contact" for "interface" would invoke a different meaning and make the sentence nonsensical.
This is the version of the sentence the app suggested:
The simple point of contact of Facebook in my Firefox pleased my eyes.
A better version of this sentence might look like this:
The simple Facebook interface displayed in the Firefox browser pleased my eyes.
3. Don't assume that the app has provided an appropriate correction for every error.
When paper checkers do identify flawed sentences, they may not always properly categorize the error because they have not grasped the writer's intended meaning. This can lead to nonsensical suggestions. Here is another sentence we tested with one paper checker app:
Big house, luxury car, outstanding wealth and comfortable living are the most people need.
In this case, the app suggested that the "the" before "most people need" may not be necessary. Of course, deleting this "the" would change the meaning of the sentence, since "most" is a noun here, rather than an adjective modifying "people." A better fix would be to add a "that" after "most." The writer might also change "people need" to "anyone needs" in order to make his or her intended meaning more clear. Of course, the writer should also add the article "a" before "Big house" and "luxury car" (the app did not make this suggestion).
Big house, luxury car, outstanding wealth and comfortable living are most people need.
A big house, a luxury car, outstanding wealth, and comfortable living are the most that anyone needs.
In sum, paper checkers don't always work well for multilingual writers. If you are a multilingual writer, rather than relying on a paper checker app's feedback, consider booking an appointment with a dedicated tutor (see the final suggestion below).
Don't substitute the app's comments for human feedback.
Some paper checker apps not only identify errors, but also provide comments in "pop-ups" or marginal notes that describe the nature of the errors and give an indication of how to fix them. This is a powerful feature because it approximates the sort of feedback an experienced proofreader might give, lending an educational quality to the app's services.
However, writers benefit more by seeking feedback from human readers like writing center tutors. Most writing centers (including the Purdue Writing Lab) direct tutors to use a dialogic approach to teaching writing that engages the writer's grammar mainly as it pertains to whatever he or she is trying to express. The goal of this approach is to impart not only a sense of clarity, but also one of nuance, context, and rhetorical effectiveness to the writing. This is true even when a tutoring session focuses mostly on sentence-level concerns like grammar.
By contrast, paper checker apps, which lack a human's ability to judge meaning, cannot ask the sorts of questions that tend to spur the greatest learning: "What were you trying to say here?" "What ideas were hardest to expressed?" "Why did you use this particular word?" They can give writers directions for fixing issues like grammar, but even when these directions are accurate, they are blind to the human qualities of the writing. For this reason, the feedback from paper checker apps can give the impression that improving one's writing is merely a matter of fixing sentence-level errors. Of course, this is only one of many aspects of what constitutes "good writing."
To sum up: by changing the way that writers approach proofreading, paper checker apps represent a potentially disruptive innovation in the world of writing. In order to reap the benefits of increased productivity, faster writing, and less worry, however, writers must be willing and able to judge their own writing in complex ways that even the most helpful apps cannot.
Guerra, J. C. (2015) Language, Culture, Identity and Citizenship in College Classrooms and Communities. Urbana, IL: NCTE.
All icons in the diagrams above come via The Noun Project (Creative Commons License CCBY). Links and attributions for each icon are provided below.
Computer by My Toley from the Noun Project
checkmark by Jerry Checker from the Noun Project
X by Fardan from the Noun Project
dictionary by Smalllike from the Noun Project
squiggly line by Made by Made from the Noun Project
ellipsis by Gem Designs from the Noun Project
Funnel by Line Icons Pro from the Noun Project


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Compliance & Procurement Execs Cite Trends, Troubles: Sentiment Report
> Corporate Compliance
> Compliance & Procurement Execs Cite Trends, Troubles: Sentiment Report
By Brian Alster
General Manager, Third-Party Risk & Compliance Solutions
Sanctions cited as significant challenge for compliance and procurement decision-makers
Compliance and procurement professionals have had significant geo-political and environmental challenges this year. Fraud continues to present challenges for many companies, and understanding third-party relationships and secondary and tertiary suppliers is not always easily managed. On top of that, the complexities of global sanctions, such as those for Iran and Russia, are difficult for some procurement and compliance people to manage.
These are among the findings revealed in our second Dun & Bradstreet Compliance and Procurement Sentiment Report, designed to uncover the issues that impact compliance and procurement professionals. We again surveyed more than 600 professionals from both the US and UK on a range of questions about their day-to-day and how they respond to change. This second report measures the shift in overall sentiment compared with our benchmark report earlier this year, and it digs deeper into the areas of, technology, fraud and the convergence of compliance and procurement.
Fifty-six percent of respondents who do not have combined compliance and procurement functions said the convergence of the two would have "a very" or "a fairly positive" outcome.
Technology continues to be a driving force in both the compliance and procurement functions. In fact, it can be viewed as an overwhelming enabler to success in their roles. The initial survey revealed more than one-third (36%) of respondents felt technology is among the barriers preventing them from doing their jobs effectively. Because technology maturity levels and how it is used within due diligence programs can vary dramatically, we asked respondents in the most recent survey how they view technology as it relates to specific duties within the compliance and procurement functions. In every case, a majority of respondents cited technology as an enabler vs. a barrier.
That includes 88% who view technology as enabling process management, 87% who said it enables supplier spend analysis, and 86% who view it as enabling data management.
Our June survey also highlighted the convergence of the procurement and compliance roles. In this current study, we looked more closely, and respondents indicated a clear benefit when bringing similar tasks together across the two departments. Respondents that do not have combined compliance and procurement functions said the convergence of the two would have "a very" or "a fairly positive" outcome on their business. That sentiment is particularly true in process and vendor management, areas in which coming together could help deal with the due diligence issue.
Despite the challenges they face – natural disasters, global sanctions, risk of fraud and technological barriers -- these professionals revealed in our survey that they are positive overall when considering the current and future effectiveness of the work they do in compliance and procurement. We'll continue to keep you apprised with another installment of the Sentiment Index early next year.
A Record Year for FCPA FinesPaul WestcottJanuary 4, 2021 In 2020, FCPA settlement amounts totaled $2.94 billion in combined resolutions. What can businesses do to better ensure compliance with ABAC laws? Read More
Six Degrees of Separation: Why You Need to Be Smarter with DataNeil IsherwoodJanuary 5, 2021 The concept of Six Degrees of Separation has gained special significance in the age of COVID-19. Here we explore the application for businesses. Read More
Moving to a Perpetual KYC Model: The Benefits and ChallengesNeil IsherwoodMarch 15, 2022 The pandemic has pushed many financial services organizations toward the perpetual Know Your Customer model. Here's what to expect during implementation. Read More
The Corporate Transparency Act: AML Program Impacts for Financial InstitutionsTom CosgroveApril 7, 2021 There are both benefits and obligations for financial institutions resulting from the creation of the new FinCEN beneficial ownership registry. Read More
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Which kingdom had the overall better strategists?
In the book, of course, Zhuge Liang is god himself, but historically which of the three kingdoms had the better strategists?
I would probably derive what it means to have the "best strategists" as against all odds, their strategies turned the tide of battle in their favor against overwhelming odds.
Like Guandu and Chibi, those were strategic masterpieces.
I just wanted to try and compare strategists between the three kingdoms and see which kingdom truly was the "smartest" if you understand me.
I am the only one worthy enough to walk the realm of ambition!
Re: Which kingdom had the overall better strategists?
Kongmin is the best strategist ever no need to think about anybody else he is the right choise.
I'm pretty sure Zhuge Liang was actually more of an administrator/politician/civil officer, than a strategist.
I could think only 2 people who had a near spotless career, Lu Meng and Jia Xu. Lu Meng had a better overall achievement than Jia Xu, but Jia Xu seemed to be better in mind games and tactical warfare. So for me, Jia Xu was the best strategic mind in the three kingdoms era.
KingOfWei wrote: Like Guandu and Chibi, those were strategic masterpieces.
Compared to Shiting and Lu Meng's 219 invasion of Jing, probably not. Guan Du was more lots of good pieces of advice from Wei to keep hanging on, scoring little victories and then a key defection plus Cao Cao's bold gamble winning it at the last minute. Chi Bi was a very scrappy affair, more about Zhou Yu rallying Sun Quan and leading a skilful navy, Huang Gai's fire idea and Wei's disadvantages of illness and lack of naval expirence.
Shu can probably be ruled out, they didn't really have strategists but clever generals like Liu Bei, Zhang Fei, Wang Ping, Zhang Yi.
battle of pooping; sorry as a westerner couldn't help myself; I guess Lu Xun & Jia Kui stand out here.
I'd say Wei-> Cao Cao, Jia Xu, Guo Jia, Xun Yu, the Sima's, Deng Ai; quite a crafty bunch.
Wei just had so much more talent compared to the other two [Shu/Wu].
Anyway, Tian Feng was not there either. He refused to wage war so early, so we don't know what ideas could he come up with.
Lu Meng and Jia Xu are the good answer.
Wei overall had the best strategists. The likes of Sima Yi, Jia Xu and Deng Ai are hard to beat.
I like to kill people in my dreams, so when I fall asleep be sure not to come too close.
A lot of Wu's success seemed to come from skilled commanders rather than strategists (e.g. Sun Ce himself, Lu Meng's victory against Guan Yu, Zhou Yu) - although I guess there is a case to be argued 'were they commanders or strategists?' since many seemed to fill the roll of both and definitions can be a little hazy.
Unfortunately for Shu, a lot of their most able strategists seemed to die early: novel wise, Xu Shu and Pang Tong - as well as Fa Zheng and Ma Su.
Others have alluded to it but the answer is Wei because they are the kingdom that made the most use of strategists. Shu had 2 that come to mind (Pang Tong and Fa Zheng) but the short period of time they served meant they had little impact. Meanwhile many of the Wu officers we think of as strategists were instead commanders. Lu Fan is the only out and out strategist that comes to my mind. Whereas Wei had many people who filled that capacity including Jia Xu and Guo Jia probably the best two advisers of that era.
The amount of highly talented people in Cao Cao's side alone is tremendous. Nobody can come to match with Zhuge Liang in a one on one battle of wits, but to manage a kingdom you'll need more than 1 brain. Wei's number will means that the central plain will continue to flourish and well managed (unlike Shu without Zhuge Liang).
In real life, managing a Kingdom like Wei,Wu and Shu is more than just campaign, there's heaps of internal turmoil and conspiracy at every corner and even if it's not in the novel, I'm sure running a kingdom at war is no easy task.


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Behind the Lace Curtains-Historic Home Dreams
Living and working in Havre's two oldest homes is a dream come true for me. I grew up
Behind the Lace Curtains
on the north side of Havre, Montana, between the tracks and the river. We are referred to as "river rats", and not always nicely. The house we lived in amounted to a one-bedroom shack, and I listened to my mother longing to own her own home. So, I grew up believing that home ownership is the way to go.
When I was in the fourth grade, we had to sell magazines as a fundraiser for our school. I always hated doing stuff like that, and didn't appreciate becoming a Junior salesperson for the Havre School District. Mom took pity on an unsuccessful sales kid (OK, I didn't really try that hard.) and subscribed to a magazine called Early American Homes. When we got the first issue, Mom took a look at it, said "This isn't what I thought it would be, I thought it would be about life during Colonial times!" and promptly threw it in the trash. When she wasn't looking, I plucked it out and took it to my "playhouse" (a converted chicken coop) and opened up a whole new world. A world where homes were lovingly kept and restored, not trashed on. A world full of beautiful antique furnishings, not scrubby hand-me-downs. A world where the homes weren't messy, things were put in their place, and the owners house proud, not living in a dump on the wrong side of town. The fact that I got to know some fabulous people while I lived there keeps me from entirely hating it, but I made a vow to myself that someday, when I grew up and could have a home of my own, it wasn't going to be a shack-I wanted an old home to restore and love!
When I was 13, I visited the Conrad Mansion, and fell in love with Victorian era homes. That is when I decided I wanted a Victorian, and years later that dream came true not once, but twice. I'm lucky to have purchased the two oldest homes in Havre, Montana, and I'm proud of them! To differentiate between the two, I gave them names, "The Cottage" for the Boone/Dalrymple home where I live, and "The Mansion", well, because it is bigger than The Cottage! Because I believe great homes deserve names, collectively they are called Avalon. The DuPonts have Winthertur, Louviers and Serendip; George Washington had Mount Vernon; Jefferson had Monticello; the Madisons their beloved Montpelier; there's Biltmore House, Sonnenberg, Oak Alley, the list goes on. Emily has Avalon, named after the Arthurian legendary place from which all good things come. The word is believed to be Welsh for "apple", and these two places are, indeed, the apple of my eye!
I still have that magazine I plucked out of the garbage all those years ago, along with others that came and still others Grandma subscribed to after Mom's intentionally ran out. When I moved into my first apartment on Second Avenue, which overlooked some of the grandest homes in the Havre Residential Historic District, I would read those magazines over and over again, look out the window and dream that someday I would have a historic home of my very own.
While there is still a lot of work to be done on the homes and grounds, I wouldn't live anyplace else! This is the place I need to be, and my homes let me know it every day.


A functional behavior assessment is an analysis of an individual student's demonstrated behaviors and their purpose and triggers to determine the most effective proactive interventions in supporting that student's unique behavioral needs. Functional assessments can be conducted informally at varying levels of intervention through an analysis of student behavior data and conversations with a student's parent and teachers. More formal behavioral assessments are conducted as part of intensive interventions and supports and are guided by research-based protocols in order to obtain accurate, meaningful data.
When conducted as a Tier 3 PBIS or RtI intervention, particularly on the path toward evaluation for special education services, a trained staff member, often a social worker or an experienced, interventionist, analyzes a student's behavior data from sources like Kickboard and behavior tracker graphs and conducts interviews with the student, parent, teachers, and other staff members to determine the most frequent student misbehaviors and the causes of those behaviors. The results of the assessment then inform the creation of an intervention plan that minimizes the student's triggers through adjustments to environment and proactively addresses misbehaviors through implementation of positive behavior supports and preferred reinforcers.
To ensure faithful implementation and determine effectiveness, all stakeholders should meet to review both the functional assessment and intervention plan and be trained on how to collect implementation data. Clear communication about target behaviors, recommended methods for correcting misbehavior, student preferred incentives and rewards, and use of data trackers helps to build investment in and faithful execution of the plan across all components of a student's day. Kickboard's behavior intervention plan feature is an excellent way to track both a student's undesired and replacement behaviors and analyze trends in the student's behavior over various settings and time periods.
What outcomes can I expect from a functional behavior analysis?
A functional behavior analysis provides a wealth of helpful information for those who are responsible for a student's behavioral development. An FBA looks beyond the behavior itself and uncovers the environmental factors that produce the behavior, such as anxiety caused by large group settings or noise, verbal redirections that cause fear or embarrassment, unstructured times like transitions, length of schedule, etc. They also determine the purpose of the exhibited behavior, like work avoidance, attention seeking, or peer approval. Through the data collection and interview process, a more nuanced understanding of a student's behavior is reached so that a proactive, effective plan can be created that addresses that student's unique needs.
While functional behavior assessments can produce valuable information, they are only as useful as the intervention plan they help to create. Many teachers and parents often hope for a fix-all once the process is completed; however, an FBA is just the beginning of the process and to see any meaningful change in student behavior all stakeholders must have a deep knowledge of the assessment results and implement the subsequent plan with fidelity. Since these plans are used as supports for students who exhibit significant behaviors, they can be expected to be successful most of the time with natural regressions of behavior or periods of ineffectiveness.


I was happy to see that UbuWeb, perhaps the single most awe-inspiring repository of avant-garde artifacts anywhere on the web, has relaunched after a summer of rebuilding. I'm looking forward to diving into some of the Glenn Gould radio broadcasts that have just been posted.
We relaunched UbuWeb on September 14th with over 150 avant-garde films in digital formats for your viewing pleasure. Within hours, we received several hostile letters from representatives of filmmakers — all lawyers and business people, not the artists themselves — issuing cease and desist letters and threatening lawsuits. Every time, it seemed, we opened our inbox yet another appeared. We had little choice but to obey and as a result, we have iced the section — for the time being.
We never intended UbuWeb to take any money out of the pockets of these artists; rather we feel that simple exposure to even the most degraded, corrupted, miniscule, and compressed .avi would increase interest and exposure to avant-garde film, a field whose audience has long been in decline. Our idea was to make accessible the generally inaccessible, with the hopes that should you desire to see the film in all its glory, you will make your way to the nearest theatre showing them (although there are very few) or find better copies on DVD. UbuWeb was never meant to be a substitute for the experience of viewing a film; it was meant as a teaser, an appetizer, until you can get to the real thing.
However, the real thing isn't very easy to get to. Most of us don't live anywhere near theatres that show this kind of fare and very few of us can afford the several hundred dollar rental fees, not to mention the cumbersome equipment, to show these films. Thankfully, there is the internet which allows you to get a whiff of these films regardless of your geographical location.
Obviously, certain members of the film community did not share our sentiments. They would rather keep these jewels to themselves or a select few huddled in dark rooms.
One complaint read "Kenneth Anger is penniless and living in a shack, yet you are making his films available for free and taking money away from him?" To which we reply: if the current system of avant-garde film distribution was working so well, why would the great artist Kenneth Anger be living in a shack and not a mansion? Is this really a system to hold on to? Obviously, something isn't working. If they really cared about Kenneth Anger, they would hope to expose his arguably-forgotten work to a non-geographically-specific digital savvy audience via the radical distributive possibilities of internet. Guaranteed, Mr. Anger would see his royalties soar as a result.
Awesome! I've kept it open in one of my tabs in firefox ever since you pointed to it, and now my favourite way to spend time during conference calls (other than listening, of course) is reading something freaky from ubuweb. Truly a trove.


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org.springframework.http.converter.cbor

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MappingJackson2CborHttpMessageConverter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


With a wounded heart it falls to me to thank all who have sent their kind thoughts for the loss of one of the human race's most beautiful souls so she can rejoin her fellow angels. Ever lively, amusing, curious of everything and everybody, helpful, loving, ever witty, cheeky, my little warrior woman Ronni passed through my and many other's lives bestowingadvice, help and always with absolute frightening honesty.
Although now alone, I not only have two sons, a daughter, two grandkids, a great grandchild and a further expected great grandchild to remind me of her positive attitude and beliefs…..and that doesn't include the thousands of moments and events she was involved in or indeed instigated, that shall help spur me on with laughter and love in the future.


I would like to thank Tracy Garcia Roller (Shaddock descendant) for her contribution to this page. The pictures were passed down to her by her late grandfather.
James Marshall "Jimmy" Shaddock (1848–1931) was born in Caroline County, Virginia to parents James Archibald Larkin Shaddock (1825–1901) and Ann Eliza "Anna" Rollins (1824–1902). His father was a farmer, son of a farmer, Larkin Shaddock 1793–1826, and grandson of another farmer James Shaddock Jr. (1765–1822).
Once Jimmy reached his age of majority, he did not stay on his father's farm but rather went west to Macon County, Illinois, which was a new frontier in 1869, when Jimmy was 21. He obviously was an ambitious young man who started with nothing and through the dint of his labor and good business sense built a large and well-managed farm and earned his neighbors respect. His story is told in a book about the early pioneers in Macon county. You can read the account here.
"James M. Shaddock belongs to that class of people to whom the prosperity and stability of the country is largely due--the farmers. He carries on agricultural pursuits on section 10, South Macon Township, and is numbered among the leading farmers of Macon County. As he is widely and favorably known in the community, we feel assured that this record of his life will prove of interest to many of our readers.
Mr. Shaddock is a native of Virginia. He was born in Caroline County, on the 17th of August, 1848, and is a son of James A. L. Shaddock. His father was also born in the Old Dominion and still resides in that State. He is of English descent, and throughout his entire life he has followed farming. After arriving at years of maturity he wedded Annie E. Rollins, who was also a native of Virginia, and was likewise of English lineage. Ten children were born of the union.
James Marshall Shaddock and his grandson Marshall Davis Shaddock. The picture was taken around 1912.
Our subject, who was the third in the order of birth, passed his boyhood days quietly under the parental roof, attending the select schools, according to the custom of the South. At the age of twenty-one he determined to seek a home in the West, and, having arrived at that epoch in a young man's life when he comes his own master, he made the journey to Macon County, Illinois, and cast his lot with its early settlers. As he had no capital, he had to secure employment in order to provide for his maintenance, and hired out as a farm hand by the month. He was thus employed for about 4 years, when he rented land and engaged in farming for himself. As his financial resources were increased and his labor brought him in some capital, he purchase land, and he now owns 200 acres, comprising a fine farm that is pleasantly situated 3 miles south of Macon. It is supplied with good buildings and is well fenced, and the highly cultivated fields indicate the careful supervision of a practical and progressive owner.In March, 1877, Mr Shaddock was united in marriage with Miss Jemima Atteberry, of this county. By their union has been born a family of five children, of whom one died in infancy. A son and three daughters are still living, namely: Lulu May, Maud E., James Franklin and Bertha Ann. They're still under the parental roof and are the joy of the household. Mr Shaddock holds membership with the Presbyterian Church, and his wife belongs to with with the interest which they take in all that is calculated to uphold humanity. Socially, our subject is a member of Mason Lodge No. 434, K. P. He is now serving his district as school director, and the cause of education finds in him a loyal friend. In local politics, he votes independently, but at national elections he supports the men and measures of the Democracy.
When his wife Jemima died in 1925, Jimmy left his farm. According to the local paper, Decatur Daily Review, James Marshall Shaddock died in January, 1931 after a long illness. He was 82. He died at the home of his oldest daughter, Lulu May Shaddock (1878-1948).
They are Mrs. Joseph Brookshier, Decatur; Mrs. Leslie Siehrs, Macon; a son, Rolla E. Shaddock, Denver Colo. three children preceded him in death. They were a daughter, Rena, who died Mar. 31, 1881; a son, Joseph F., who died Mar 4, 1922; a daughter, Maude E. Shaddock March, wife of William March, who died Feb. 5, 1927. Brothers and sisters who survive are Mrs. Lee Power, Goodwin, Miss.; Miss W. Shaddock, Macon; Edward H. Shaddock, Lexington, Miss. There are also five grandchildren.
Frank Shaddock, his wife Ora, and his children Anabeth and Marshall. The picture was taken around 1916.
Jimmy's son James Franklin Shaddock (1883-1822) married Ora Anna Davis (1883–1973) in 1910. They probably met and were married in Indianapolis where there was a dental school. Frank would become a dentist. The dental school in Indianapolis is one of the oldest in the nation, originally incorporated as Indiana Dental College in 1879. He moved to Columbus, Indiana, where he had a dental practice in the city.
Frank and Ora had two children, Marshall Davis Shaddock (1911–1969) and Anabeth Shaddock (1915–1989).
Frank Shaddock must have had a tragic death, because he died at a very young age, 38 years old in Phoenix, Arizona. His wife Ora never remarried. She died at age 90 in Columbus, Indiana.
It must have been difficult for his father, Jimmy Shaddock, to hear of his passing.
Frank's daughter Anabeth Shaddock was born in 1915 in Columbus, Indiana. She married Robert Vance McOsker (1905-1960) around 1936. His occupation was described as "traveling salesman" in the land brokerage business in the 1940 census. They had a daughter Martha Jane McOsker (1937-1982). This marriage probably ended in divorce because she married subsequently Gordon T. Ritter (1906-2005).
Anabeth died at age of 74 of a cardiac pulmonary arrest as a consequence of breast cancer.
Marshall Davis Shaddock in 1920 at age 9.
Frank Shaddock's son Marshall Davis was described as a manufacturer's salesman in the 1940 census. He was married to "Ruth B." last name unknown, who he divorced in Dade County, Florida in 1947. In 1950 he married Ethel Jane Von Hoffmann.
Jimmy Shaddock's daughter Maude Esther Shaddock (1879-1927) lived her whole life near the family home in Decatur, Illinois. She married a farmer, William D. March (1878-1965). Later in life he worked as a caretaker in a private home.
Bertha A. Shaddock (1889-1972) married Carl Leslie Siehr (1886-1955). He was a salesman for a gas and oil company, then a manager for a gas station.
Jimmy's son Rolla Edward Shaddock (1893-1992) was Tracy's great grandfather. He earned a B.S. in agricultural science in South Macon, Macon County. We think that modern children are late out of the nest. In 1920 "Rol" was still at home at age 27, going to school. In the 1920 his occupation is listed as "none." I am sure he was helping his father on his farm. But it is clear his father Jimmy favored educational advancement.
Rol Shaddock and Sue Elizabeth Wade. I would guess this is their wedding day sometime around 1924.
Rol married Sue Elizabeth Wade (1898-1961) sometime before 1925, because that was the year James Wade Shaddock (1925-2016), his first child, was born. In 1926 we find him in Denver, Colorado. There were a lot of salesmen in this family, because his job in the 1930 census was "commercial salesman" in the glass industry.
John R. Shaddock. Class photo in his "pre-law" class.
His son John R. Shaddock Sr. was in pre-law. He appears to have worked in a bank in his adult life, eventually becoming a senior vice-president of the Colorado National Bank in 1989. He married Mary A last name unknown and had a son John D. Shaddock born in 1955.
John R. Shaddock in a publicity photo for the Colorado National Bank.Rol had a daughter Anne Shaddock born in 1937.
James Wade Shaddock (1925-2016). This is a school yearbook photo.James Wade Shaddock was the son of Rol Shaddock and was Tracy's grandfather.
James Wade Shaddock and Tracy Garcia Roller on the occasion of his 65th wedding anniversary.Want your family store told on this site? Contact me.


a squadron of legendary Bentleys is embarking on a tour of the world's top historical and heritage automotive events over the next few months. The iconic motors include the famed "Blue Train" car that raced – and beat – the Calais-Mediterranée Express from Cannes; the Blower that entered Le Mans in 1930, the race won by Bentley Boys Woolf Barnato and Glen Kidston; the EXP2, aka the oldest Bentley in existence; and the 8 Litre, marque founder W.O. Bentley's personal car.


Teddy Hermann Noah Miniature Bear, fully jointed and made of the finest russet brown Mohair. This wonderful item is a limited edition of 200 worldwide.
Product details: Item number 152750, safety eyes, synthetic filling material, non growler, Surface washable only, size 10cm (4 inches).


Bring on the biggest launch to the snow season with the Fernie Ski and Board Film Fest!
Nov. 8, 2013 5:00 p.m.
Bring on the biggest launch to the snow season with the Fernie Ski and Board Film Fest! This year's best ski and board films will be presented at the Fernie Community Centre on November 9 starting at 6:30 pm.
As in past years you can expect more than a few films on a big screen with professional sound. The evening will include great prizes including cat skiing, vacations, skis, boards, down jackets and more. And, we will celebrate the coming snow and honour the Griz with a party. Fernie Brewing will be pouring a selection of their latest great brews and the Loaf will be serving fresh pizza. Also expect a collection of local resorts updating their status and retailers exhibiting their goods, as well as the latest news from the Canadian Avalanche Association.
The first film is the Sherpas newest film "Into The Mind". With stunning cinematography and groundbreaking storytelling techniques, the Sherpas blur the lines between dream state and reality, and immerse you into the mind of a common skier as he attempts to climb and ski the ultimate mountain. Innovative athlete segments are actually a glimpse into his dreamscape, each one harboring messages that help inform our hero's current, real-life choices. As you experience the majesty of Alaska, Bolivia, the Himalayas and beyond, Into the Mind paints a philosophical portrait of human kind.
The second film is the new documentary, "McConkey", that frames Shane McConkey's life as a skier and effusive personality around scenes before his death in Italy. It was a life lived in the mountains and one that inspired countless fans. "It feels," said one after Shane's crash, "like Superman died." Powder magazine called him the most influential skier ever.
Jake Blauvelt's "Naturally" is our final film and it's all snowboarding! It's a movie, a way of looking at the backcountry, and it's a little how Jake Blauvelt leads his life, with fun and personal expression as the principle keys to happiness.
Tickets cost $20 for adults and $10 for kids for all three shows and are available at the following retailers: Commit, Edge of the World, Gear Hub the Guides Hut, and at the door.
Without our supporting sponsors this fundraising event would not be possible: Teck, Fernie Real Estate, Fernie Alpine Resort, SnoDay Skis, Park Place Lodge, Fernie Brewing, the Loaf, The Free Press, Whitefish Resort, Fernie Lodging Company, FWA Powder Catskiing, Great Northern Powder Guides, and Island Lake Catskiing.


The OnlyRoses Business Service caters to hotels and restaurants by providing a hand tailored weekly service to perfectly fit the needs of each client. We'll begin with offering a free on site consultation, before presenting you with a detailed design brief, tailored exclusively to your needs. Our team will use their wealth of experience to make sure we provide and maintain vase displays of an unparalleled quality.
Based in Dubai our team will be available to supply our product at a moment's notice. We understand that this is imperative, as rooms are used regularly and may be needed at short notice. At this point we would like to introduce our InfiniteRose range, which for corporate clientele works hand in hand with its fresh ClassicRose counterpart. InfiniteRoses are real Ecuadorian roses that have been preserved to last up to a year. These offer both a beautiful visual as well as a financial benefit as they always remain as perfect as the day they are delivered, requiring little to no maintenance.


Selective Service Registration for Naturalization – A male applicant for naturalization should be aware of the requirement of registering for the Selective Service prior to making a request to be naturalized. Men between the ages of eighteen and twenty-six are expected to register for the Selective Service. Failure to register for the Selective Service prior to their twenty-sixth birthday could cause complications during naturalization.
Men between the ages of 18-26 may register for Selective Service through an online service, mailing a form in, or by calling their local U.S. Embassy or Consulate, if they are a U.S. citizen living overseas. Once registered, they will receive a proof of their registration, which they can offer as evidence to receive benefits like federal student aid, job training, or U.S citizenship.
Obviously, registering for Selective Service during the applicable time period is a requirement for naturalization. So, what happens when the applicant for naturalization is a male greater than the age of 26 and they did not register in time?
The applicant would need to demonstrate that they did not "knowingly and willfully" fail to register for the Selective Service. This can be done by preparing an affidavit which states that the failure to register occurred for reasons which were not willful or knowledgeable. The applicant should also request a Selective Service status information letter, which states that they are too old to register for Selective Service.
Remember that failing to register for Selective Service can be a ground for refusing an applicant's request to naturalize. It is important to consult with an immigration attorney if you are considering naturalizing to a U.S. citizen. Consider setting up a consultation with an attorney at Gilles Law, PLLC. You can reach us at 980-272-8438 at our office in Uptown Charlotte. We are here to assist with your inquiries.


The Thomas Eel wiggler is one deadly little lure! Jewelry quality plated finishes and bright painted finishes, along with the double eyes, create a flashy spoon no hungry trout can resist. It is also highly effective for all other small game fish, including panfish. This lure should be fished at a slow rate of retrieve with a stop and go action. A sharp twitch of the rod tip really drives 'em wild! The Eel is also popular for ice jigging. Made in the U.S.A.


text:
Q: Deleting a single Line through a JButton in a TextArea I want to delete a single line through a JButton in Jframe.
But I don't know how...
I allready tried:
 public void button1_ActionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) {
int count = 1;
count = TextArea1.getLineCount();

But it's not working...
I appreciate every kind of help :))
Or anyone knews another method to solve this problem?

A: You need to use GetText() to get what is already in the TextArea and then remove the line. Once you have modified the text you can put it back using SetText().
Of course this can be done in one line but separating the steps helps legibility.

A: The answer depends on the definition of a "line".  For example, if you are using a wrapped JTextArea, where a single, contiguous line of text, wraps around the view, a line could be considered the text that runs from one side of the view to the other.
In this case you need to delve into the model and calculate the offsets of the text based on the view and basically remove the content between two points, for example...

import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.UIManager;
import javax.swing.UnsupportedLookAndFeelException;
import javax.swing.text.BadLocationException;
import javax.swing.text.Document;
import javax.swing.text.Element;
import javax.swing.text.JTextComponent;
import javax.swing.text.Utilities;

public class TestDeleteLine {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TestDeleteLine();
    }

    private JTextArea ta;

    public TestDeleteLine() {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getSystemLookAndFeelClassName());
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException | InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | UnsupportedLookAndFeelException ex) {
                }

                ta = new JTextArea(20, 40);
                ta.setWrapStyleWord(true);
                ta.setLineWrap(true);

                JButton deleteLine = new JButton("Delete current line");
                deleteLine.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                        try {
                            int offset = ta.getCaretPosition();

                            int rowStart = Utilities.getRowStart(ta, offset);
                            int rowEnd = Utilities.getRowEnd(ta, offset);

                            Document document = ta.getDocument();

                            int len = rowEnd - rowStart + 1;
                            if (rowStart + len > document.getLength()) {
                                len--;
                            }
                            String text = document.getText(rowStart, len);
                            document.remove(rowStart, len);
                        } catch (BadLocationException ex) {
                            ex.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                });

                JFrame frame = new JFrame("Testing");
                frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
                frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
                frame.add(new JScrollPane(ta));
                frame.add(deleteLine, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
                frame.pack();
                frame.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
                frame.setVisible(true);
            }
        });
    }

}

Now, if you don't care about the line wrapping and simple want to remove the entire line (from one new line to another) you could use...
public int getLineByOffset(int offset) throws BadLocationException {
    Document doc = ta.getDocument();
    if (offset < 0) {
        throw new BadLocationException("Can't translate offset to line", -1);
    } else if (offset > doc.getLength()) {
        throw new BadLocationException("Can't translate offset to line", doc.getLength() + 1);
    } else {
        Element map = doc.getDefaultRootElement();
        return map.getElementIndex(offset);
    }
}

public int getLineStartOffset(int line) throws BadLocationException {
    Element map = ta.getDocument().getDefaultRootElement();
    if (line < 0) {
        throw new BadLocationException("Negative line", -1);
    } else if (line >= map.getElementCount()) {
        throw new BadLocationException("No such line", ta.getDocument().getLength() + 1);
    } else {
        Element lineElem = map.getElement(line);
        return lineElem.getStartOffset();
    }
}

public int getLineEndOffset(int line) throws BadLocationException {
    Element map = ta.getDocument().getDefaultRootElement();
    if (line < 0) {
        throw new BadLocationException("Negative line", -1);
    } else if (line >= map.getElementCount()) {
        throw new BadLocationException("No such line", ta.getDocument().getLength() + 1);
    } else {
        Element lineElem = map.getElement(line);
        return lineElem.getEndOffset();
    }
}

public int[] getLineOffsets(int line) throws BadLocationException {
    int[] offsest = new int[2];
    offsest[0] = getLineStartOffset(line);
    offsest[1] = getLineEndOffset(line);
    return offsest;
}

To calculate the line start and end positions, calculate the length of the text and remove it from the Document, which might look more like...
int offset = ta.getCaretPosition();
int line = getLineByOffset(offset);
int[] lineOffsets = getLineOffsets(line);

int len = lineOffsets[1] - lineOffsets[0] - 1;
Document document = ta.getDocument();
String text = document.getText(lineOffsets[0], len);
document.remove(lineOffsets[0], len);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Continuing north on Jefferson Blvd we arrived at the US50/Jefferson Blvd Interchange, that includes a long (1190 ft) connector ramp. The West Sacramento Off-Ramp (22-0129S) is a nine span steel stringer bridge that was built in 1966. This winding connector carries vehicles from the eastbound lanes of US-50 over Jefferson Blvd. and onto the Tower Bridge.
There are several interesting things about these connectors (besides how they can snake under and over freeways). Another interesting thing is how the lightweight steel superstructures are connected to the top of the concrete columns. Since the column reinforcement can't be developed into the superstructure, they must anchor the steel cross-braces into the columns.
Also, because the piers vary in height, most of the earthquake force will be carried by the shorter columns while the taller columns sway back and forth. Fortunately, there are no earthquake faults near West Sacramento.
Yolo County, California Bridges: E50/Tower Bridge Gateway over US 50 and Jefferson Blvd by Mark Yashinsky is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License.


text:
a) Suppose P (x, y) denotes the equation8, what will the truth values of the …
a) Suppose P (x, y) denotes the equation8, what will the truth values of the Propositions P (2,2), P (0,4).
Let P (x, y)P(x,y) denotes the equation "x+y=8x+y=8". Let us find the truth values of the Propositions P (2,2), P (0,4).P(2,2),P(0,4).
Since 2+2=4\ne 8,2+2=4=8, we conclude that the truth value of the Proposition P (2,2)P(2,2) is false.
Taking into account that 0+4=4\ne 8,0+4=4=8, we conclude that the truth value of the Propositions P (0,4)P(0,4) is false.a) Suppose P (x, y) denotes the equation8, what will the truth values of the Propositions P (2,2), P (0,4).
Solve the recurrence relation term an-4(term an-1)+5 term an-2- 2 term an-3=1+2^n
Solve the recurrence relation a_n-4a_n-1+5a_n-2-2a_n-3=1+2^n
Show that ( pimpliesq)^(qimplies~ p) equivalent~ p i) with truth table. ii) without truth table.
Give a self conjugate partition of 21, with justification.
Let A,B,C be subsets of a set. Prove that A ∩ B ⊆ C iff A⊆B' U C
Find out if the following functions are invertible or not, If it is invertible, then find the rule of the inverse (f^(-1) (x)) 1. f:k → k^+ f(x)=x^2 2. k^+ → k^+ f(x)=1/x 3. f:k^+ → k^+ f(x)=x^2
function f(x) = 5/9(x-32) converts Fahrenheit temperatures into Celsius. What is the function for opposite conversion?
Formulate corresponding proof principles to prove the following properties about defined sets 1. A=B⇔A⊆B and B ⊆ A 2. De Morgan's Law by mathematical induction 3. Laws for three non-empty finite sets A, B, and C
Let ρ ⊆ S × T, for finite sets S and T. Define fρ : S −→ P(T) be such that fρ(a) = {b | aρb}. a) Prove that ρ is reflexive if and only if a ∈ fρ(a), for every a ∈ S. b) Prove that ρ is symmetric if and only if a ∈ fρ(b), for every a ∈…
1/ Find weather the two function are invertible or not, if it is find out its inverse (f^1(x)) 1. f:[-π/2, π/2]→[-1,1]; f(x)=sin x 2. f:[0,π]→[-2,2]; f(x)=2cos x 2/ The function f(x)=5/9(x-32) converts Fahrenheit temperatures into C…
If A={2,4,6}and B={1,3,5}. Then \\(A\\cup B\\) is equal to__________ a.{1,2,3,4,6} b.{0,2,3,4,5,6} c.{1,2,4,5,6} d.{1,2,3,4,5,6}
State the Dijkstra's algorithm for a directed weighted graph with all non-negative edge weights
1. Construct a proof for the five color theorem for every planar graph.
Discuss two real world binary problems in two different fields using applications of Boolean Algebra
Produce truth tables for given Boolean expressions. 1) ĀB̅C+AB̅C̄+ABC+ĀBC̄ 2) (A+B+C)(A+B+C)(Ā+B+C̄)
Find the simplest form for the following boolean expressions using algebraic methods. 1. (A+B̄)(B+C)+(A+B)(C+Å̄) 2. (A+B)(AC+AC̄)+AB+B
Justify if the following operations on relevant sets are binary operations or not. 1) Multiplication and Division on se of Natural numbers 2) Subtraction and Addition on Set of Natural numbers 3) Exponential operation: (x,y)→x^y on Se…
Part 1 1. Describe the characteristics of different binary operations that are performed on the same set. 2. Justify whether the given operations on relevant sets are binary operations or not. i. Multiplication and Division on se of N…
1. Discuss two real world binary problems in two different fields using applications of Boolean Algebra
1. Write the multisets of prime factors for the given numbers. I. 160 II. 120 III. 250 2. Write the multiplicities of each element of multisets in part 2(1-I, ii,iii) separately. 3. Find the cardinalities of each multiset in part 2-1.…
1. Discuss two examples on binary trees both quantitatively and qualitatively.
There are four train routes between A and B, and three train routes between B and C. Find the number of ways that a person can travel by train: i. from A to C by way of B; ii. roundtrip from A to C by way of B; iii. roundtrip from A t…
Combinations: (a) A class contains 10 students with 6 men and 4 women. Find the number of ways to: i. Select a 4-member committee from the students ii. Select a 4-member committee with 2 men and 2 women iii. Elect a president, vice pr…
Using contrapositive method, prove the following. (i) For any integer n, if n 2 − 6n + 5 is even then n is odd. (ii) For any integers a and b, if a + b is even then a and b are even. (iii) For any integer n, if n 2 is odd then n is od…
Using direct method, prove the following. (i) If n is an even integer then -n is even. (ii) If n is an even integer then 3n + 5 is odd. (iii) If n is an odd integer then n 2 + 3n is even. (iv) If m is an even integer and n is an odd i…
What is the De Morgan's law for quantifiers? (b) Write the negation of following statements. (i) ∃x (x 2 + 2 < 1) (ii) ∀x (x - 2 ≥ 3) (iii) ∀x (x 2 ≥ 0 and x + 2 < 1) (iv) ∃x (x 2 + 2 < 0 or x - 5 ≥ 0) (v) ∀x (x - 2 ≥ 3 and x 3 + 5 ≤ …
(a) Let P(x) be the statement x 2 ≥ x. (i) What are truth values of the propositions P(1) , P(-1) , P(0) and P( 1 2 )? (ii) What is the truth value of the proposition ∀xP(x), where the domain consists of all real numbers? (iii) What i…
Let n be a natural number. Use mathematical induction to prove that 4 n−1 > n2 for all n ≥ 3.
Which of the following pairs of statements are logically equivalent? I. Statement 1: It is not true that either I watched 'Crashlanding on You' or you watched 'Money Heist'. Statement 2: I did not watch 'Crashlanding on You' and you w…
Discuss how you can efficiently use Graph Theory to construct a route planning of a project for a vacation trip from Colombo to Trincomalee by considering most of the practical situations (such as millage of the vehicle, etc.) as much…
2. Let P(x) and Q(x) be the statements x3 < 50 and x+2 < 5 respectively. Find the truth values of following quantifications, where the domain consists of all real numbers. (i) ∃x P(x) (ii) ∀x P(x) (iii) ∀x Q(x) (iv) ∃x Q(x) (v) ∀x (¬P…
2. Obtain the product of sums canonical form of the following formula i)(P^Q^R)V (¬P^Q^R)V(¬P^¬Q^¬R)
Construct a proof for the five color theorem for every planar graph.
2. Justify whether the given operations on relevant sets are binary operations or not. i. Multiplication and Division on set of Natural numbers ii. Subtraction and Addition on Set of Natural numbers iii. Exponential operation: on Set …
1. (i) Prove that if m and n are integers and mn is even, then m is even or n is even. (ii) Show that if n is an integer and n3 + 5 is odd, then n is even using (a) a proof by contraposition (b) a proof by contradiction (iii) Prove th…
2. (i) Prove that if n is a positive integer, then n is even if and only if 7n + 4 is even. (ii) Prove that if n is a positive integer, then n is odd if and only if 5n + 6 is odd. (iii) Prove that m2 = n2 if and only if m = n or m = -…
Show that these statements about the integer x are equivalent. (i) 3x + 2 is even. (ii) x + 5 is odd. (iii) x2 is even.
Let P(n) be the statement that 12 + 22 + ... + n2 = n 6(n + 1)(2n + 1) for positive integer n. (a) What is the statement P(1) ? (b) Show that P(1) is true, completing the basis step of the proof. (c) What is the inductive hypothesis? …
5. (i) Prove that 12 + 32 + 52 + ... + (2n + 1)2 = (n+1) 3 (2n + 1)(2n + 3), whenever n is a nonnegative integer. (ii) Prove that 3 + 3.5 + 3.52 + ... + 3.5n = 3(5n+1 - 1) / 4, whenever n is a nonnegative integer.
6. (i) Show that postage of 24 cents or more can be achieved by using only 5-cent and 7-cent stamps. (ii) c1 = 0 and cn = cn/2 + n2 for all n > 1. (a) Compute c2,c3,c4 and c5. (b) Prove that cn < 4n2 for all n ≥ 1.
If p→q is false can you find the truth value of ~ (p ∧ q) →q? Explain your answer
Part (a): Determine whether the statement p→(q∨r) is equivalent to (p∧∼r)→q ? Part (b): A survey team in Food Street is surveying of liking and disliking of people there. The food items to be considered in survey are of three types, …
Part (a): Let Aand B are any sets then show that A-(A∩B)=(A∩A^c)∪(A∩B^c) by using membership table. Part (b): Draw Venn diagram to describe sets A, B, and C that satisfy the given conditions. A∩B≠ϕ,B∩C≠ϕ,A∩C=ϕ,A⊈B,C⊈B. Part (c): Find…
Let A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}then define a relation R on A as (a.b)∈R iff a≤b and Relation Ton A as (a,b)∈T iff a/b. Represent R by a matrix. Is R Reflexive? Transitive? Give a valid reason for your answer. Is T Antisymmetric? Give a valid …
Let X= {1, 2, 3, 4}Y= {a, b, c} and Z={1,2} 1. Define K: Y→X as follows: K(a) = 1, K(b) = 2, K(c) = 3, and K(c) = 4. Is K onto? If not explain. 2. Using arrow diagram, find one function from X to Y that is Onto but not One-to-One 3. D…
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} then define a relation R on A as (a.b)∈R iff a≤b and Relation Ton A as (a,b)∈T iff a/b. Represent R by an matrix. Is R Reflexive? Transitive? Give a valid reason for your answer. Is T Antisymmetric? Give a val…
Part (a): Let A and B are any sets then show that A-(A∩B)=(A∩A^c)∪(A∩B^c) by using membership table. Part (b): Draw Venn diagram to describe sets A, B, and C that satisfy the given conditions. A∩B≠ϕ,B∩C≠ϕ,A∩C=ϕ,A⊈B,C⊈B.
If p→q is false can you find the truth value of ~ (p ∧ q) →q? Explain your answer.
Determine whether the statement p→(q∨r) is equivalent to (p∧∼r)→q ?
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Define a relation R on A by a R b ⇐⇒ a + b ≤ 4 for every a, b ∈ A. (a) List all the elements of R. (b) Determine whether R has the following properties. If R has a certain property, prove this is so, otherwise, p…
Let A = {1,2,3,4}. Define a relation R on A by a R b ↔ a + b ≤ 4 for every a; b ϵ A. (a) List all the elements of R. (b) Determine whether R has the following properties. If R has a certain property, prove this is so, otherwise, provi…
1. Check whether the set S=R - {-1} is a group under the binary operation '*'defined as for any two elements . 2. i. State the relation between the order of a group and the number of binary operations that can be defined on that set. …
List of the members of these sets. (a){x|x is a real number such that x2 = 1.} (b){x|x is a positive integer less than 12} (c){x|x is the square of an integer and x < 100} (d){x|x is an integer such that x2 = 2}
For each of these pairs of sets,determine whether the first is a subset of the second,the second is a subset of the first, or neither is a subset of the other. (a) the set of airline flights from New York to New Delhi, the set of nonstop…
For each of the following sets, determine whether 2 is an element of that set. (a){x∈R|x is an integer greater than 1} (b){x∈R|x is the square of an integer} (c){2 ,{2}} (d){{2},{{2}}} (e){{2},{2 ,{2}}} (f){{{2}}}
(i) Determine whether each of these statements is true or false. (a) 0∈∅ (b)∅∈{0} (c){0}⊂∅ (d)∅⊂{0} (e){0}∈{0} (f){0}⊂{0} (g){∅}⊆{∅} (ii) Determine whether these statements are true or false. (a)∅∈{∅} (b)∅∈{∅,{∅}} (c){∅}∈{∅} (d){∅}∈{{…
(a) Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the relationships A ⊆ B and B ⊆ C. (b) Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the relationships A ⊂ B and B ⊂ C. (c) Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the relationships A ⊂ B and A ⊂ C. (d) Suppose that A…
What is the cardinality of each of these sets? (a)∅ (b){∅} (c){∅,{∅}} (d){∅,{∅},{∅,{∅}}}
(i) Show that if A ⊆ C and B ⊆ D, then A×B ⊆ C ×D (ii) Let A ={a , b , c ,d}and B ={y , z}. Find (a) A×B (b) B×A
(i) Let A ={a , b , c}, B ={x , y}, and C ={0 , 1}. Find (a) A×B×C (b) C ×B×A (c) C ×A×B (d) B×B×B (ii) Let A ={1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5}and B ={0 , 3 , 6}. Find (a) A∪B (b) A∩B (c) A−B (d) B−A (iii) Let A ={a , b , c , d ,e}and B ={a , b …
Determine whether the following preposition is tautology, contradiction or contingency and explain the answer by your own words. (p↔q ) ⊕ ¬(q→p)
A set S is cardinally majorizable by a set T iff there exists a(n) ______________ from T to S.
Which of the following sets have the same cardinality? Select all that apply. LaTeX: \mathbb{N} N [0,1] LaTeX: \mathbb{R} R (0,1)
1. Let A and B be two non-empty finite sets. If cardinalities of the sets A, B, and are respectively 72, 28 and 13, then find the cardinality of the set .
need help with solving assignment
9. (i) Prove the identity laws in Table 1 by showing that (a) A ∪ ∅ = A (b) A ∩ U = A (ii) Prove the domination laws in Table 1 by showing that (a) A ∪ U = U (b) A ∩ ∅ = ∅ (iii) Prove the idempotant laws in Table 1 by showing that (a)…
10. Let A , B, and C be sets. Show that(a) (A ∪ B) ⊆ (A ∪ B ∪ C) (b) (A ∩ B ∩ C) ⊆ (A ∩ B) (c) (A − B) − C ⊆ (A − C) (d) (A − C) ∩ (C − B) = ∅ (e) (B − A) ∪ (C − B) = ∅
11. Show that if A and B are sets, then (a) A − B = A ∩ B (b) (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B) = A
12. Draw the Venn diagrams for each of these combinations of the sets A , B , and C. (a) A ∩ (B ∪ C) (b) A ∩ B ∩ C (c) (A − B) ∪ (A − C) ∪ (B − C)
b) In a large city, 8% of the inhabitants have contracted a particular disease. A test for this disease is positive in 80% of people who have the disease and is negative in 80% of people who do not have the disease. What is the probab…
Robyn decides to organize a hiking trip and invites her friends - Dylan, Linda and Dominic to join her. On the days leading to the hike, her three friends say the following:Two Days Before the hike:Dylan: Dominic is going to the hike.…
3. A certain medical disease occurs in 1% of the population. A simple screening procedure is available and in 8 out of 10 cases where the patient has the disease, it produces a positive result. If the patient does not have the disease…
Find the minimum number n of integers to be selected from S = {1, 2,..., 9} so that: (a) The sum of two of the n integers is even. (b) The difference of two of the n integers is 5
In a certain group of 15 students, 5 have graphics calculators and 3 have a computer at home (one student has both). Two of the students drive themselves to college each day and neither of them has a graphics calculator nor a computer…
In a physics class 40 children had forgotten to bring their physics book,34 had forgotten to do their homework. The teacher asked to borrow the physics book from some one at once. 48 childrens left the room. Draw a Venn diagram and fi…
Q1 Draw any balance rooted tree having nodes from " a to i". a) Find the level of each vertex in the drawn tree. b) Find the height of this tree. c) Which vertices are descendants of node "g".
Q2 Draw any three graphs (Take help from book, but DO NOT copy paste any graph from examples or exercise. Your graphs must be random and all must neither be euler nor all non-euler) a) Figure out Euler graph from these three graphs. b…
Q3 X people are chosen from a volley ball team (Take a value of X by yourself, possibly that number must be close to a number of volley ball team members). a) How many ways are there to choose Y people to take them to ground(Take valu…
Problem B Show that 3 · 4n + 51 is divisible by 3 and 9 for all positive integers n.
Q3 X people are chosen from a volley ball team (Take a value of X by yourself, possibly that number must be close to a number of volley ball team members).
Q2 Draw any three graphs (Take help from book, but DO NOT copy paste any graph from examples or exercise. Your graphs must be random and all must neither be euler nor all non-euler) (2+1+2+2) a) Figure out Euler graph from these three…
Q3 X people are chosen from a volley ball team (Take a value of X by yourself, possibly that number must be close to a number of volley ball team members). (2+2+2) a) How many ways are there to choose Y people to take them to ground(T…
Q1 Draw any balance rooted tree having nodes from a to i. (2+2+2+2) Find the level of each vertex in the drawn tree. Find the height of this tree. Which vertices are descendants of node g.
(b) Let A be the set {1,2,3,4,5,6}.Which orders pairs are in the following relations on A. (i) R1 = {(a,b) : a divides b} (ii) R2 = {(a,b) : a ≤ b} (iii) R3 = {(a,b) : a 2 = b} (iv) R4 = {(a,b) : a + b ≤ 5} (v) R5 = {(a,b) : a = 2 and…
(a) Let A = {2,4,6} and B = {x,y,z}. State each of the following are relations from A into B. (i) R1 = {(2,x), (y,4), (6,z)} (ii) R2 = {(4,y), (y,4)} (iii) R3 = {(2,x), (4,y), (6,z)} (iv) R4 = {(4,y), (6,x), (4,x)} (v) R5 = {(x,2), (4…
(a) Let A = {0,1,2}. R = {(0,0), (0,1), (0,2), (1,1), (1,2), (2,2)} and S = {(0,0), (1,1), (2,2)} be two relations on A. (i) Show that R is a partial order relation. (ii) Is R a total order relation? (iii) Show that S is an equivalenc…
(b) (i) Let A = {2,4,6} and R = {(2,2), (2,4), (2,6), (4,4), (6,6)} be a relation on A. Find R−1 . (ii) Let A = {6,8,10,15} and B = {2,3,4}. Define a relation R from A to B by (x,y) ∈ R iff x-y is divisible by 2. Find R−1
3. (a) Let A = {1,2,3,4,5} and R = {(1,1), (1,3), (1,4), (2,2), (2,5), (3,1), (3,3), (3,4), (4,1), (4,3), (4,4), (5,2), (5,5)}. (i) Prove that R is an equivalence relation on A. (ii) Find the equivalence classes of 1 and 2. (b) Let A …
4. (a) Let R be the relation on Z × Z such that ((a,b), (c,d)) ∈ R ↔ a + d = b + c. Show that R is an equivalence relation. (b) If R is an equivalence relation on a finite non empty set A, then the equivalence classes of R all have t…
List the ordered pairs in the equivalence relations produced by these partitions of {a,b,c,d,e,f,g}. (a) {a,b}, {c,d}, {e,f,g} (b) {a}, {b}, {c,d}, {e,f}, {g} (c) {a,b,c,d}, {e,f,g} (d) {a,c,e,g}, {b,d}, {f}
Draw any three graphs (Take help from book, but DO NOT copy paste any graph from examples or exercise. Your graphs must be random and all must neither be euler nor all non-euler) (2+1+2+2) a) Figure out Euler gr…
how to prove the following using defined sets A=B⇔A⊆B and B ⊆ A
Let A be the set {1,2,3,4,5,6}.Which orders pairs are in the following relations on A. (i) R1 = {(a,b) : a divides b}
Let A be the set {1,2,3,4,5,6}.Which orders pairs are in the following relations on A. (ii) R2 = {(a,b) : a ≤ b}


So you've bought the phone, but that's not enough, you need some accessories to keep you happy. Luckily, Samsung has thought of just about everything you might need to keep your shiny new handset safe.
This means a big selection of cases and covers, as well as the S Band, which is Samsung's attempt at taking on the Nike FuelBand. So which should you pick up? Read on to find out about all the Samsung Galaxy S4's accessories.
The S Band is a wearable accelerometer that can hook up to your Galaxy S4 and provide further data on all the exercise you're doing. Inside the S Band is a pedometer, which feeds the updated S Health app information.
The S Band will send to your phone details of steps taken, calories burnt and even sleep patterns, to provide more data on your activity and help with your fitness training.
The SGS4 has a built-in pedometer and can also track data, so the S Band is more an extension device, or handy if you don't have your mobile phone with you.
Samsung's accessory line-up is starting to mirror that of Withings and Fitbit, both of which have their own wireless set of scales.
This device is designed to provide the S Health app with precise data on how much you weigh, as part of a diet or fitness regime.
For those opposed to the Samsung offering, there is also the Fitbit Aria, which is essentially the same product.
This is a rather interesting twist on the conventional flip cover. It features a cut-out section which means you can peek at the important part of the display without moving it from its protective case.
You can also answer calls with the S View cover closed, because of the cut-out. It will be shipping in a range of colours, including black and white to match the look of the Galaxy S4.
Okay, this one isn't available to buy yet, but it is penned-in for May this year, so is not too far away.
The new Gamepad allows you control smartphone apps using a conventional controller without the touchscreen. It isn't anything new, but is one of the best in the hand. And a Samsung-branded offering could do rather well.
It may have slipped slightly under the radar and we aren't sure why but the SGS4 can charge wirelessly. Naturally, you need some sort of pad for it to charge from, so Samsung is putting one out there.
It all looks very nice, not unlike the conventional charge slabs you find from other companies and something you wouldn't be ashamed of on your bedside table.


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Q: IBM Bluemix - IBM IOT out node configuration for Arduino example I have the IBM tutorial on using Arduino+Bluemix, up and running. I would now like to take a decision on the cloud and let the Arduino subscribe to a topic containing the decision message. For this, I am trying to use the IBM IOT out node in my Node-RED editor. However, I am not sure of how to configure this node.
Are there any tutorials that cover this use-case (IBM IOT out node + Arduino, MQTT)- or documentation on the node properties?
Thanks.
NK

A: This is the picture of an IoT output node I'm using on the Coursera IoT course, works for me sending data to the Sense HAT device plugged onto my pi.
At the client side I'm using NodeRED (using a Pi this is easy :-) and an IoT input node which does the subscription to the command.
The docs describe how to subscribe to commands HERE under the heading Subscribing to Commands.
The subscription topic should look like iot-2/cmd/[command_id]/fmt/[format_string], so for my pi to subscribe to the command in the picture the topic should be iot-2/cmd/display/fmt/json - although I haven't tried that myself, it should work.

A: You need to configure the IBM IoT out node to publish messages to the device ID of your Arduino.  The msg.payload will be the message you send to your Arduino.  You will also need to set the topic as well, the topic contains your deviceId also.  Then you will need to have your Arduino subscribe to the topic to receive the messages.


A Danish man who was injured when a champagne bottle exploded between his legs on New Year's Eve is in critical condition and has been placed in an induced coma.
The accident happened when the man was trying to open a bottle of champagne while bringing in the new year.
He was holding the bottle between his legs when it exploded and a shard of glass cut through an artery in his leg leading to substantial blood loss.
The man was taken to Copenhagen Rigshospitalet, one of the largest hospital's in Denmark and put into an induced coma.
Regional police duty officer Brian Munch confirmed this morning that the man was still in critical condition.
While doctors often warn of 'champagne injuries' that peak during the festive season, they are more often caused by powerful corks leaving the bottle at high speed, rather than broken glass.
A 2011 survey by supermarket chain Morrison's found that more than 900,000 Brits had suffered some kind of Champagne related injury, with the most common injury being caused by rogue corks.
Retinal detachment, bleeding, blindness and damage to the eye's surrounding bone structure are some of the injuries that can be caused by the stray cork.
These dangers were demonstrated by tennis player Novak Djokovic in 2015 when he hit himself in the face with a cork after winning the Italian open.
Sainsbury's recently apologised after a member of staff hit a customer in the face with a cork while opening a bottle of Champagne at a Basingtoke branch of their store.
Chill champagne to below 7 degrees Celsius - if left warmer than seven degrees Celsius the corks are likely to pop unexpectedly at a faster speed.
The bottle is safest when popped at a 45-degree angle away from your face and guests.
Ensure the cork is held down while removing the wire cage.
Place a towel over the top of the bottle and pull the cork out slowly.
Never use a corkscrew or a wine opener to open a champagne bottle.
When opening the bottle, do not shake it, as this increases the speed at which a cork leaves the bottle.


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Member News: May 2018 Roundup
Posted on May 31, 2018 January 6, 2021 Author NittCategories News, News/PR/StatementsTags membership, updates
Gita Amar (AAJA-Los Angeles) has been appointed to the California Complete Count Census Committee, Governor Brown's statewide panel of volunteer community members that will guide California's outreach for the 2020 federal census. She currently works as a senior director at PMK-BNC and previously was a self-employed senior media relations consultant, a senior consulting producer at Fleishman-Hillard Communications and a senior media relations consultant at Golin Harris. Prior to consulting, Gita was a producer at National Public Radio and an executive producer at Fox News Channel and Fox News Online. She holds a Juris Doctor from the Syracuse University College of Law and a master's in television, radio and film from the Syracuse University S.I. Newhouse School of Communications. Gita currently serves as an Advisory Board member of AAJA-Los Angeles and has been an AAJA member since 1998. She resides in Los Angeles with her husband and two children.
Paul Cheung (AAJA-Florida) recently joined the Knight Foundation as their director/journalism focusing on technology innovation. In this position, he will oversee investments and initiatives designed to drive transformational change in news media. He will connect a diverse network of entrepreneurs, innovators, journalists and creative thinkers to develop new digital products and applications and will help explore new models and methods that can help sustain the future of journalism. Paul currently serves as the director of the Executive Leadership Program (ELP) and previously served two terms as AAJA national president from 2013 to 2016. Follow Paul on Twitter at @pcheung630.
Vivian Ho (AAJA-San Francisco Bay Area) is a reporter who covered the criminal justice beat for The San Francisco Chronicle and served on the newspaper's breaking news team for six years. She was recently selected as a Livingston Awards finalist for her work on "A Life on the Line," a series of two articles covering the story of San Francisco resident Cecilia Lam, a victim of domestic violence who was killed by her boyfriend in 2014. Before she joined The Chronicle in 2011, Vivian reported for The Boston Globe and The Worcester Telegram and Gazette. She is currently working on her first book, an exploration of America's lost street youth and the violence that shapes them, set for publication by Little A in 2019. A New England native, Vivian graduated from Boston University in 2011. Follow Vivian on Twitter at @VivianHo.
Curtiss Kim (AAJA-San Francisco Bay Area) is a general assignment reporter and news anchor for KCBS San Francisco and is part of the KCBS Radio News team that won three National Headliners Awards given by the Atlantic City Press Club. Awards included the single best radio broadcast of the year for Breaking News coverage of the October Wine Country wildfires. KCBS also won for Breaking News and Best Continuing Coverage. Curtiss was also part of the station's effort in winning five regional Edward R. Murrow Awards which included Overall Excellence, Breaking News Coverage and Best Newscast. Follow Curtiss on Twitter at @curtisskim.
Lian Parsons (AAJA-New England) will be joining Christopher Kimball's Milk Street as a digital content coordinator. In this position, she will be working on social media strategy to get millennials interested in cooking, putting together their newsletter and doing other odds and ends, including eating all the food from the on-site recipe development kitchen. Lian graduated from Temple University's Klein School of Media and Communication in December 2017 with a B.A. in journalism. Her bylines can be found in Wicked Local, City A.M., Generocity.org, Technically Media and The Temple News. Follow Lian on Twitter at @Lian_Parsons.
Liberty Zabala (AAJA-San Diego) received three Emmy nominations for covering breaking news this year: one for Oustanding Team Coverage of the Las Vegas shooting, one for Outstanding Team Coverage for the North Park water main break and one for Breaking News – Spot News for covering the Lilac Fire. She currently works as a weather anchor & fill-in news anchor for NBC 7 San Diego and serves as chapter president of AAJA-San Diego. Follow Liberty on Twitter at @LibertyNBC7SD.
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Meet the VOICE Class of 2019
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