Ordinarily research scholars seem to ignore the fact that the past is of interest to us only in so far as it was living and that unless they discover it for us in such a way as to make us feel its life, we may admire them for their patience and industry but will not be the wiser for their labours. I have often felt sad that so much human talent and industry should disappear in the publication of matter where bones keep on rattling without forming for us an outline of the figure that once moved.
I first encountered these words by Rabindranath Tagore, India's most illustrious modern poet, around the time I was completing my doctorate in history—and I wished that I had read them earlier. I thought about them again when, in early 2005, I had the opportunity to become involved in the making of the new Singapore History Gallery of the revamped National Museum of Singapore. Before that time I had worked as a Research Fellow at the Asia Research Institute of the National University of Singapore, where for two-and-a-half years I had 'rattled the bones' of history (as Tagore might have it) but for what I hope were good reasons. Poets more easily forget than professional historians that such bones first have to be dug up and assembled into something approximating the right order, lest the historical creature that is eventually given flesh turns out to be a monstrous fallacy.
Nevertheless, I sympathised with Tagore's remarks and still do—which is why, when the National Museum came looking for someone to help them research, conceptualise and write for their new Singapore History Gallery, I was immediately seduced. Here was a chance to bring history alive in a far more public setting than academia, with a story-telling approach that placed major emphasis on people, biography and personal drama, particularly through its liberal use of modern multimedia.
Scripting dramatisations, editing oral histories, conceptualising films, as well as helping the exhibition designers find the visual materials that would turn the overarching narrative of the History Gallery into physical reality, proved exhilarating and exhausting. As in any major undertaking that involves collaboration between such a broad range of specialists (curators, researchers, designers, filmmakers, producers and dramatists), there were occasional tensions, if not conflict. Yet looking back, such conflict generally seems to have had a positive effect. Conflict, so the screenwriter's mantra goes, lies at the heart of all good drama, and it proved fundamental to the making of a dramatic new History Gallery. The whole point of the exercise was to generate a wider passion about a subject—the history of Singapore —that has often lain dormant, not merely to trot out a neutral and banal consensus.
For me, the conflict was also internal. Entering the new realm of what is today called 'public history' contained its pitfalls as well as its possibilities. Public history meant populism, in Singapore (as anywhere) it opened you up to political pressures from which academia (though also subsidised by the state) was better insulated; it might mean sacrificing scholarly integrity to the demands of an audience with a five-minute attention span; most importantly, it might be hard to get back inside the ivory tower once you had forsaken its security.
What kind of historical truth?
Tagore made his comments about historical research at a time when history as a subject had already started on its path toward becoming the modern academic discipline it is today—that is to say, history was becoming a social science instead of, as it had been for centuries, a form of literature. However, in its vision for the Singapore History Gallery, the National Museum set out to turn back the clock, to bring full-blooded narrative and personal biography to the fore, to focus on the more personal human consequences of major events as much as on the grand impersonal causes that lay behind them, and to make history more intimate, emotional and accessible.
Outside of academia, the history of personal human experience has remained big business. As shown by the recent success of works by Jung Chang, or of respected academics who have managed to cross over into more populist genres such as Simon Schama, Jonathan Spence or, in Singapore's case, James Warren. This is also the business of the National Museum, which from its re-opening in 2006 prided itself as a 'lifestyle destination' intended not only to educate but also to entertain.
Hence the Singapore History Gallery embraced a strong filmic, at times almost Hollywood, sensibility, aimed specifically at capturing the attention of a younger audience. To an academic historian, such a populist agenda might present a dilemma. How far does one sacrifice historical knowledge, even at times historical accuracy, in order to resuscitate that dramatic, personal and emotional historical truth that it was the Museum's mission to reinstate? As both historical consultant and one of two senior scriptwriters on the project, the solution came to me in two ways.
First of all, both the writing team and the curators were saved by the Companion: the not-so-little green box that the Visitor carries with them (around their necks) throughout the History Gallery. Primarily functioning as an audio guide, the Companion allows the Visitor to access an archive of captions, interviews with scholars and 'Tell Me Mores' (short films played on the Companion's screen that are accompanied by curatorial commentary). This 'architecture of information', as it has been called, provided a much greater depth of context to the dramatic episodes featured in the History Gallery than in more traditional museums that rely on text panels. If anything, the Companion, the full audio experience of which runs to almost 9 hours, could be accused of information overload.
Eye-witness accounts have the feel of truth because they are quick, subjective and incomplete, unlike 'objective' history, which is laborious but dead … The power of language to confront us with the vivid, the frightening or the unaccustomed is equalled only by its opposite—the power of language to muffle any such alarms.
The 'truth' we elected to go after in our research and scripting for the Singapore History Gallery was sanctioned by these two essays. This truth would be, quick, immediate and have 'the feel' of authenticity, repeatedly confronting the visitor with the 'vivid'. Inevitably, it would also be subjective and incomplete, just as the vast array of personal memoirs and oral history interviews we relied on to create the Companion scripts are. Nonetheless, inaccuracies of memory and our occasional resort to dramatic license when drawing on historical materials would be justified by our quest to get at that 'underlying meaning of events'—especially in terms of those emotional, those dramatic and those very often personal truths about the past that Tagore and the National Museum so desired to recover.
Work began for the Singapore History Gallery with discussions between the Director of the Museum, and a Montreal-based exhibition design company, later also the Museum curatorial staff for the Gallery. Initial brainstorming sessions resulted in the idea of two pathways through the Gallery, which became the Events Path and the Personal Path. The multimedia approach to conveying Singapore's history through personal episodes was also conceived at this early stage. The curators then began their research and the process of selecting the key characters that would be featured in the Events Path, as well as the periodisation of the nine sub-galleries, or 'zones'.
My work on the project began, subsequently, in early 2005, first as a historical consultant working with the above-mentioned curators to flesh out the remaining Personal Path stories, and then from mid-2005, as GSM's Content Director for the History Gallery overall. Aside from the museum staff and consultants, a legion of Singapore's leading dramatists, playwrights, film makers, visual artists, poets and sound designers contributed to every stage of the making of the Gallery.
The moment we began to research and write the scripts for the Companion, the fundamental decision was made to go back to primary sources—the letters, newspapers and memoirs from the period that related the stories of our chosen personalities. This was especially the case for our 19th and early 20th century historical characters, that lived before the advent of radio and television recordings, and certainly before the creation of the Oral History Department at the National Archives. The preoccupation with primary sources was driven as much by artistic considerations as our dedication to historical accuracy. It would have been a major problem if the History Gallery, in seeking to make the past more immediate, imagined what a named historical personality thought when his or her thoughts were already available. What the Visitor therefore encounters in most cases in the Singapore History Gallery are the thoughts and actual words of the historical characters featured. When they meet Raffles, they hear what Raffles said and wrote, or what he was reported to have said and written, or what others said and wrote about him, all drawn from a range of primary sources. For the most part, the History Gallery avoids an outright invention of dialogue, but with some important exceptions.
Obviously, where our historical characters did not or could not write anything down, we fictionalised in order to, in some way, have key voices present in the Gallery that would otherwise be missing. Yet such fictional dramatisations are rooted in historical sources. The main examples are found in the 'Port City' section of the Personal Path, which seeks to provide a subaltern corrective to the history of nineteenth-century Singapore presented in the Events Path. The 'Rickshaw Coolies' dialogue—in which our two protagonists, young and old, tour the Colonial District and Chinatown, reflecting as they go on the sojourner's dream of a new life abroad compared with their present reality—is drawn from the work of historian James Warren, as is the 'Karayuki-San' episode, a conflation of the lives of various Japanese prostitutes in Singapore.
In other cases, the Visitor experiences fictional dramatic encounters based on eyewitness accounts. When they enter an opium den in the 'Opium Smokers' episode and meet a concerned American woman being led on a tour through its dark, smoke-filled corners by a western-educated Chinese man, they are listening to a reconstruction of the visit by American anti-opium activist Ellen La Motte to Singapore's opium dens in 1916. When in the same section of the Gallery the Visitor hears a group of colonial memsahibs making racist comments and vainly trying to communicate with their servants in the 'Mems and Servant' episode, the language and attitudes are drawn from published European travellers' accounts of Singapore and from a Malay-teaching booklet entitled Malay for Mems.
Sometimes, two historical sources are placed opposite each other to create the dramatic tension fundamental to our story. This happens in the 'John Crawfurd' episode, in which the second British Resident's self-congratulatory account of his exploits in Singapore is juxtaposed with Munshi Abdullah's personal verdict of the man (Abdullah being Raffles's scribe and a friend of William Farquhar, the man whom Crawfurd replaced). By splicing these two accounts together, we created an imaginary new context to convey a historical message of which we are pretty certain: that Crawfurd focused heavily on the financial side of Singapore as a British settlement, and that the Munshi really did not like him, or his apparently money-obsessed approach.
Elsewhere, actual recorded speeches have been placed in a new context. The 'William Henry Read' episode is set in Read's Orient Club in London, where the British merchant is being formally welcomed back by his fellow club members, and a toast to his accomplishments in Singapore is offered. The toast is taken from an account of Read's farewell dinner in Singapore, not of his arrival in London (of which, the historical record, as far as we have researched, says little). The curators and designers argued that the visual material offered by the old colonial clubs in London was more exciting. Placing Read in London rather than Singapore also brought out the influence of pressure groups on old Straits 'hands' on the nineteenth-century history of Singapore. In addition, when Read's Orient Club is visited alongside the other merchant worlds experienced in this zone (Aljunied's mosque and Tan Tock Seng's temple), a compelling contrast emerges. Our partly-fictionalised rendering of this episode captured the 'underlying meaning of events'.
The History Gallery is executed through the selective editing of historical sources. In the episode dedicated to Eunos Abdullah, the Malay leader and journalist often credited as a 'father' of Malay nationalism, the Visitor hears Eunos argue with the colonial authorities over the deplorable state of Malay education in Singapore. This exchange is drawn from minutes of Legislative Council hearings in the 1920s, during which Eunos spoke at least twice on the specific issue of Malay boys' schooling. In places the transcripts of the Council meeting are repeated verbatim, right down to the applause Eunos received from his fellow Asian members of the Council. But the difference between the drama episode in the History Gallery and the historical reality in the past is that Eunos did not, in fact, have the final word on this matter. Eunos's episode takes us away from the action at the precise moment when he has just won a rhetorical point against the British and the applause is still ringing in his ears. Reading the actual proceedings of the Legislative Council to their end, any student will discover that the debate went on and that the colonial authorities naturally had the final word.
By cutting away from the historical action at this point, we evoked the emotional response that Eunos's fellow Malays and supporters in the Council seem to have had to his words—the relief that someone was speaking up on this particular issue. Again we were aiming at another kind of historical truth: to capture the feeling amongst Eunos' supporters in the chamber as they clapped along, backed their man against the Empire, and once a point had been scored probably walked away, ignoring what colonial officials said afterwards, with their happy and selective memories still intact. In this episode the Visitor thus experiences a heavy dose of subjective nationalist bias. The intention was, first and foremost, to recreate the high emotion of the period. The reality of colonial intransigence and complacency could be readily explored by the Visitor elsewhere in the History Gallery.
The National Museum has never made it its goal to provide a selection of comprehensive mini-biographies in its Singapore History Gallery. Its larger concern was to generate, in an audience bored by national history, an excitement about the past. If a Visitor is engaged enough by history, as the History Gallery presents it, to go off and actually discover what Munshi Abdullah wrote, or what Eunos Abdullah said—to, in effect, go beyond the National Museum edit—then the 'grand old dame' has achieved her purpose. Where we have created a fictional context for the Visitor (however rooted in actual historical incident it may be) it is made clear in the Companion.
Historical dramatisations become less frequent in the 20th century sections, where oral history accounts, interviews and straight readings from personal memoirs predominate. In the 14th century 'Temasek' section, the visitors see Singapore as a series of broken fragments and hear the legends and myths associated with this period. From 1819, they view numerous artistic representations of the island, mostly by European painters. Then, from around the late 19th century, photographs appear, and in the 20th century sections, film footage. As the media in the Gallery become more contemporary, the experience of history becomes more immediate and, the Companion scripts are adjusted accordingly. Fewer creative liberties are taken with historical materials.
Music and sound, as any filmmaker knows, are highly manipulative. Yet, used sensitively, they can transmit an emotional immediacy about the past that a historical text rarely matches. This was brought home to me when working on the audio dub for the 'Emergency' chapter in the 'Merdeka' section of the History Gallery. Originally, the narrator's description of the Malayan Emergency was accompanied by a communist folk song, but for licensing reasons this music had to be dropped from the version that is currently playing. What the original soundtrack conveyed—in a more visceral fashion than anything I have ever read on the subject—was the strong emotions that drove people to join the Malayan Communist Party. To understand the power of communist ideology and what it meant for many ordinary comrades one really has to hear it sung.
The music used in the History Gallery inspired the entire David Marshall episode from scripting through to graphic design. I had listened to the tape of Marshall's 'Under the Apple Tree' speeches held in the National Archives. On the same reel that featured Marshall's live recordings, the archivist had tagged on a round-up of the year's major radio highlights in Singapore. A long drum solo from a touring American jazz band became fixed in my mind with the rhythms of Marshall's suave, stylish and flamboyant delivery when speaking in public. The idea formed that certain jazz seems to go well with the Chief Minister's evident capacity to play off and even improvise in front of an audience.
Marshall's 'drums of Merdeka' was the soundtrack selected to embody the pivotal political events his episode covered. I reached for Dave Brubeck's 'Take Five'—as the jazz accompaniment, especially since Brubeck, like Marshall, was Jewish and the album was recorded in the year that Singapore achieved self-government. This entire episode came to be dominated by a jazz theme, such that when editing Marshall's speeches for the final audio recording, we cut his words slightly so that they fit with the syncopated rhythms of the Brubeck Quartet. The designers used the two-tone graphics of famous jazz albums from the 1950s to create the visuals on the walls of the David Marshall room.
As a historian accustomed to the relative freedom of expression afforded by academia, what was it like to work within the constraints set down by a government-funded institution, in which it remained the curators' responsibility to patrol the outward boundary markers of the official 'Singapore Story' and ensure that certain requirements of National Education were met?
In its post-war sections, the Singapore History Gallery certainly contains several noticeable silences, which some observers have not failed to notice. Singapore's 'Battle for Merger' is dealt with almost in passing, as if the Gallery, as one local writer put it to me, was rushing, exhausted, in a final sprint for the finishing line. Another notable absence in the final 'New Nation' section (1959–1975) is the mid-1960s student unrest that swept across Singapore, as well as the impact of Mao Zedong's Cultural Revolution on, amongst other things, Singapore's nascent Chinese theatre scene. A video installation dedicated to this story was planned and is perhaps still pending.
Nevertheless, the content in these last two sections—'Merdeka' and 'New Nation'— has room to evolve. As Singapore changes, and hopefully becomes more accepting of alternative voices from its recent past, the Singapore History Gallery, through its emphasis on history as a multitude of voices, has the capacity to adapt and be at the forefront of this change, and even the potential to contest itself.
The Events Path of 'Merdeka' and 'New Nation' present the dominant public narrative. However, it is possible to literally 'get off' this path and encounter individual personalities who refine this dominant narrative, who critique it and who sometimes outright oppose it. In fact, by permitting the History Gallery to question its own authority visitors might find themselves in a rough sea of potential confusion–a 'Singapore cacophony' rather than a 'Singapore Story'. The Singapore History Gallery has preferred (to borrow the words of historian Simon Schama) to opt for 'chaotic authenticity over the commanding neatness of historical convention'.
 Rabindranath Tagore, 'Dr. P.K. Acharya on Indian Architecture', Visva-Bharati Quarterly, May–July 1935:115 (original emphasis).
 The phrase was coined by Yves Mayrand of GSM Design during early discussions of the way the Companion would function.
 The next stage of development will perhaps be to streamline the Companion experience so that the Visitor who is unable to spend a whole day in the History Gallery is still able to come out with a sense of Singapore's history that is not overwhelming.
 James McPherson, Drawn from the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), pp. 99–109.
 The Faber book of reportage, ed. John Carey (Faber & Faber: London, 1987), pp. xix-xxi.
 See James Warren, Rickshaw Coolie: A People's History of Singapore (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1986) and Ah Ku and Karayuki-San: Prostitution in Singapore, 1879–1940 (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1993).
 Ellen La Motte, The opium monopoly (New York: Macmillan, 1920).
 See Travellers' Singapore, ed. John Bastin (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1994); Maye Wood, Malay for Mems (Singapore: Marican, 1958).
 John Crawfurd, Journal of an Embassy from the Governor General to the courts of Siam and Cochin China (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1967; originally published in London, 1828); Abdullah Abdul Kadir, Munsyi, The Hikayat Abdullah, translated by A.H. Hill (Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1970).
 The actual speech made in Read's honour at his farewell party in Singapore can be found in Charles Buckley's An anecdotal history of old times in Singapore (Singapore: Oxford University Press, 1984).
 See Proceedings of the Straits Settlements Legislative Council, June 1924 and July 1929.
 From 'The 1955 elections', David Marshall (Singapore History Gallery, National Museum of Singapore).
 Simon Schama, Citizens: A chronicle of the French Revolution (London: Folio Society, 2004), p. xvi.
Mark Ravinder Frost studied history at the universities of Oxford and Cambridge and is currently Research Assistant Professor at the University of Hong Kong. Between 2005 and 2007, he worked as Content Designer and Senior Scriptwriter for the National Museum of Singapore's award-winning Singapore History Gallery. He is the author of the forthcoming books Singapore: A Living History and Enlightened Empires: New literati in the Indian Ocean world, 1870-1920.


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text:
#include "tensorflow/core/grappler/costs/virtual_scheduler.h"

#include "tensorflow/cc/ops/standard_ops.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/cost_graph.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/grappler/clusters/virtual_cluster.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/grappler/costs/analytical_cost_estimator.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/lib/core/status_test_util.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/platform/test.h"

namespace tensorflow {
namespace grappler {

class AnalyticalCostEstimatorTest : public ::testing::Test {
 protected:
  void SetUp() override {
    // Initializes cluster_ and placer_.
    std::unordered_map<string, DeviceProperties> devices;
    DeviceProperties cpu_device;
    cpu_device.set_type("CPU");
    cpu_device.set_num_cores(4);
    cpu_device.set_frequency(2600);
    cpu_device.set_bandwidth(24 * 1024 * 1024);
    devices["/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"] = cpu_device;
    DeviceProperties gpu_device;
    gpu_device.set_type("GPU");
    gpu_device.set_num_cores(12);
    gpu_device.set_frequency(1100);
    gpu_device.set_bandwidth(180 * 1024 * 1024);
    (*gpu_device.mutable_environment())["architecture"] = "6";
    devices["/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0"] = gpu_device;

    cluster_.reset(new VirtualCluster(devices));
  }

  GrapplerItem CreateMiniGraph() {
    const int batch = 1;
    const int width = 28;
    const int height = 28;
    const int num_channels = 1;
    const int num_labels = 10;
    const int kernel_size = 3;
    const int conv_filters = 32;

    Scope s = Scope::NewRootScope();
    auto images = ops::RandomUniform(
        s.WithOpName("image"), {batch, width, height, num_channels}, DT_FLOAT);
    auto labels = ops::RandomUniform(s.WithOpName("label"), {batch, num_labels},
                                     DT_FLOAT);
    auto w = ops::Variable(
        s.WithOpName("W"),
        {kernel_size, kernel_size, num_channels, conv_filters}, DT_FLOAT);
    auto b = ops::Variable(s.WithOpName("B"), {conv_filters}, DT_FLOAT);
    auto conv =
        ops::Conv2D(s.WithOpName("conv"), images, w, {1, 1, 1, 1}, "SAME");
    auto bias = ops::Add(s.WithOpName("bias"), conv, b);
    auto relu = ops::Relu(s.WithOpName("relu"), bias);
    auto flat_shape = ops::Const(s.WithOpName("flat_shape"),
                                 {batch, width * height * conv_filters});
    auto flat = ops::Reshape(s.WithOpName("flat"), relu, flat_shape);

    auto w2 =
        ops::Variable(s.WithOpName("W2"),
                      {width * height * conv_filters, num_labels}, DT_FLOAT);
    auto b2 = ops::Variable(s.WithOpName("B2"), {num_labels}, DT_FLOAT);
    auto matmul = ops::MatMul(s.WithOpName("matmul"), flat, w2);
    auto logits = ops::Add(s.WithOpName("logits"), matmul, b2);
    auto softmax = ops::Softmax(s.WithOpName("softmax"), logits);
    auto lsm = ops::Log(s.WithOpName("lsm"), softmax);

    GrapplerItem item;
    item.fetch.push_back("lsm");
    TF_CHECK_OK(s.ToGraphDef(&item.graph));

    return item;
  }

  std::unique_ptr<VirtualCluster> cluster_;
};

TEST_F(AnalyticalCostEstimatorTest, SimpleTest) {
  GrapplerItem item = CreateMiniGraph();

  AnalyticalCostEstimator estimator(cluster_.get(), true);
  TF_ASSERT_OK(estimator.Initialize(item));

  CostGraphDef cost_graph;
  Costs summary;
  TF_ASSERT_OK(estimator.PredictCosts(item.graph, &cost_graph, &summary));

  EXPECT_EQ(Costs::NanoSeconds(9151), summary.execution_time);
  // Note there are totally 17 nodes (RandomUniform creates 2 nodes), but
  // grappler will not process "label", therefore we have 15 here instead
  EXPECT_EQ(15, summary.num_ops_total);

  // Make this estimate accurate:
  // TODO(http://b/70031255): Accurate estimator for RandomUniform op needed
  // TODO(http://b/70031363): Accurate estimator for Softmax needed
  //
  // Change to EXPECT_FALSE when the above TODOs are done:
  EXPECT_TRUE(summary.inaccurate);
  EXPECT_EQ(0, summary.num_ops_with_unknown_shapes);
}

}  // end namespace grappler
}  // end namespace tensorflow

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The EU, the Bad, and the Ugly
A place to review the Expanded Universe of Star Wars, to ponder the rules of writing in Star Wars (or at least what they should be), and also to mock some things Star Wars related.
Vector Prime Review
Vector Prime - by R. A. Salvatore - October 1999
So, I reread it. The first of the Del Rey books, the first of the New Jedi Order series, an ambitious multi-author, 19 book series that ran for several years. I hadn't reread this book in a while - it's somewhat notorious among some fans as the "Chewie Dies" book. It set the tenor for a new direction in Star Wars fiction, both for good and for ill. So, let's get to it, shall we?
The EU - The Solo Kids Sliding Forward - I was taken aback reading this book just how much I enjoyed reading the Solo kids parts. And a bit heartbroken. It was clear reading this that the central focus of the *New* Jedi order was going to be the Solo kids - Jacen, Jaina, and Anakin. And in them you had three distinct, interesting personalities -- and even in this book they started to grow, to develop, to mature. They provided solutions to problems... they were starting to hold their own with the big three. It was wondrous.
It was heartbreaking simply because I know how things go 30 books down the line, when that development, that promise, that shift of focus to the new characters never happens. When the string of books started by Vector Prime draws to a close in Crucible - none of the three Solo kids need even have anything to do with it... and that's not an odd move, it's almost...standard. The books for the past 10 years should have all centered around one of these three characters, and they didn't. And that is tragic. Makes me almost glad for the reboot.
The EU - Yuuzhan Vong Introduction - I will be honest - I don't like the Yuuzhan Vong as villains. There are some really neat things about them, but I got tired of them really quick. Partially this is because I don't like bugs (between the NJO and Dark Nest Trilogy, it's amazing I kept in the Star Wars universe). Partially it's because they end up seeming so overpowered. But in this book, the introduction to them was fascinatingly well written. There's mystery - powers and abilities are slowly revealed. And while they are a threat, they don't seem superhero-story villain yet. Yomin Carr was a great villain of the day - one of the best one-book villains in the Star Wars fiction series. So basically the fact that I didn't mind the Vong in this book speaks highly of it.
The Bad - Nothing really bad. It just turned...
The Ugly - Stupid, Hotshot Jedi - The thing that annoys me most about this book, and in some ways the rest of the Jedi Order, is that the problems aren't predicated on actual difficulties that arise but upon the characters' own stupidity. Everything in this series hinges on the idea that the Jedi running around are hotshots, egotistical, and disliked. Everything.
Consider this scenario instead. Luke Skywalker has established the core of a New Jedi Order, who work as diplomats and officers of the peace (like what everything before hand had pointed to). Jedi who are respected (remember in the Thrawn Trilogy - Luke is expected to be a source of wisdom and justice). And so, you have a few Jedi stumble across this extra-galactic invasion. What would happen. THE ENTIRE GALAXY WOULD RALLY.
Seriously - those weapons of the Vong would be neat, but the New Republic would have gladly followed. With structure and diligence. And basically you could have done a similar story arc - where you just have so many Vong coming that the galaxy is overrun - you could have individual Jedi doing different things - defending, trying to establish peace with the Vong, understanding their absence from the force... without the Jedi as a whole being viewed as... dumb? Evil?
Because this is totally out of character for what the Luke Skywalker we know would teach or allow. C'Baoth and his intimidation techniques are shown to be terrible in the Thrawn trilogy -- and Luke sits and shrugs while his Jedi run around and do the same thing. The summation of the Bantam era books was that using too much power is bad -- and then, 6 years later, that's what almost all Luke's Jedi are doing.
This *wasn't* Star Wars - it was a catastrophic shift in what that universe should have been. An editorial decision of drastic consequence... the quick and easy path to generating conflict. The literary dark side. And once they started down this dark path, it forever dominated the EU.
The Grade - B+ - It was an enjoyable book. It handled emotional events well, it set the series up beautifully. But when I read it, I see the lost potential of the Solo kids, as well as the unraveling of a sane EU where the Jedi are, you know, the good guys. And that just leaves a slightly bitter taste in my mouth.
Posted by Rev. Eric J Brown at 7:47 AM No comments:
The New Jedi... Follies?
So I have finally done it. I've started rereading "The New Jedi Order" series. Vector Prime was pulled off the shelf, dusted off, and cracked open.
I rarely have the desire to reread any of these - I reread Stackpole's two books, simply because they were the last he wrote - but basically, the New Jedi Order is where I find I began to dislike the direction the EU took more and more (even as I acknowledge the quality of the individual books tended to increase).
It took me one chapter to remember why.
Who made the decision that when we finally get Jedi back, they should all be vigilante hot shots? Seriously - how does that decision get made? Remember, this is 1999 - so it can't be a reaction to Attack of the Clones or Revenge of the Sith and the flaws of the order. Just - oh, look, for 1000 generations the Jedi Knights were guardians of peace and justice in the galaxy - devotees of the light side of the force.
Oh, look - it's Wurth Skidder, just another one of those hotshot Jedi flying around in his X-Wing blowing stuff up.
How do you move from Knights, from Warrior Monks, to "let's make them like Billy the Kid"?
For this reason, more than anything - I'm welcoming the reboot. And maybe we will have a story that is driven not by the Jedi being stupid. Flawed, calcified, attacked -- that's understandable, but just flat out stupid... no.
Even a Jedi Order founded by Han Solo wouldn't be as fly-by-the-seat-of-you-pants.
Follow this blog, and your journey to the Awesome Side will be complete
Rev. Eric J Brown
Sarcastic and smarmy - very smarmy. And probably glib too, like my father before me.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Excited to share this news with all of you: next Tuesday, Dec. 11, With This Ring will be available to rent or purchase on demand in the US and Canada. (The rest of the world is coming soon).
We'll post further links as soon as we have them. Until then, spread the word!


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Home / Daily Comment / Daily Comment (May 26, 2017)
Daily Comment (May 26, 2017)
by Bill O'Grady, Kaisa Stucke, and Thomas Wash
[Posted: 9:30 AM EDT] The GDP data (see below) came in much better than forecast and that is giving a bounce to equities this morning. It's a long Memorial Day weekend, which usually means the afternoon trade will become very thin and sluggish.
The big news overnight was that the Conservatives' lead in U.K. polls has evaporated to a mere 5%, down from 20% a couple of weeks ago. The election will be held in less than two weeks, on June 6th. May called for early elections due to strong polling and disarray in the Labour Party. There is no evidence that that order is being restored to Labour; today, Corbin (the Labour Party leader) blamed U.K. foreign policy for terror attacks in Britain. That isn't a mainstream view. So, why is the lead narrowing? This may reflect a broader theme of disenchantment with the establishment in Britain. First, they voted in favor of Brexit, and second, in what would be the ultimate snub, we are seeing a surge in the polls for a party whose leader is considered wildly outside the mainstream. If Labour were to win, it would be profoundly bearish for the GBP and British equities. We do note that the betting sites still show a 90% probability that May will prevail. But, she really needs a landslide to help her negotiate the best deal possible from the EU. A narrow win will tend to undermine her bargaining position.
President Trump made headlines in Europe for a number of actions, including an apparent stiff-arming of the leader of Montenegro, Filip Vujanović, refraining from confirming his support of Article 5 of the NATO charter (the one on collective defense) and calling the Germans "bad" for running trade surpluses with the U.S. and threatening to apply tariffs to German vehicles. Regarding collective defense, although there is great concern about this issue, it should be noted that the U.S. still has a sizeable military presence in Europe and would certainly defend the continent if it were attacked. The lack of confirmation is worrisome, but it is likely designed to boost European defense spending and not signal a U.S. pullback…at least not yet.
Although the German press is apparently up in arms about being called "bad," it should be noted that the quote, initially reported in Der Spiegel, was not attributed and may have come from a third-hand source. Administration sources did try to walk back the comment, suggesting the president didn't mean the German people but instead the trade situation.
Although the president's comments may have been undiplomatic, he actually has a point. First, Germany does run a persistent trade surplus with the U.S.
On a rolling 12-month total, the German trade surplus with the U.S. is nearly $64 bn. The EU surplus is $146.6 bn, with Germany representing 44% of the surplus. As we detailed in our recent WGR series on trade, Germany runs a domestic policy designed to generate saving; essentially, they export this saving to the world and import demand. This is the root cause of the problems in Europe. At least the U.S. has the protection of a floating exchange rate where a weaker dollar can blunt some of Germany's policy. The nations of the Eurozone have no such protection.
It's not just a U.S. issue. German policy has led to a massive current account surplus.
Its surplus runs 7.6% of GDP, well above norms that suggest anything over 3% is a deliberate policy designed to "beggar thy neighbor."
This chart shows German imports and exports scaled to GDP. Exports represent 47% of Germany's GDP. It does also import 40%. However, note that with the onset of the Eurozone in 1999, trade surpluses have become persistent. In effect, Germany is treating the Eurozone much like 19th century European powers treated colonies—a venue to absorb excess output.
So, the president does have a point. German policy is designed to export and it probably can't continue without significant political repercussions, e.g., trade restrictions from outside the Eurozone, and a breakup of the Eurozone itself. His expression of displeasure was inartful but isn't untrue. Germany would be better off if it absorbed some of its domestic saving in higher public or private consumption. However, we don't expect that policy to change anytime soon. Thus, rising trade conflicts are likely, both outside and inside the Eurozone.
View the complete PDF
These reports were prepared by Confluence Investment Management LLC and reflect the current opinion of the authors. Opinions expressed are current as of the date shown and are based upon sources and data believed to be accurate and reliable. Opinions and forward-looking statements expressed are subject to change. This is not a solicitation or an offer to buy or sell any security. Past performance is no guarantee of future results. Information provided in this report is for educational and illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as individualized investment advice or a recommendation. Investments or strategies discussed may not be suitable for all investors. Investors must make their own decisions based on their specific investment objectives and financial circumstances.
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Q: Combining tags from post types I am trying to create a tag cloud that combines different post types. When I do a generic wp_tag_cloud, it only pulls the tag from posts, but if I add the custom post type that I want to include in the args, then it displays tags from those posts. However, if I have the same tag in a post and in a custom post type, it shows up twice, instead of being combined.
For example, if I have a tag of "trampolines" in a post and the same tag in a custom post type of portfolio, then the tag cloud will display trampolines twice instead of weighting it as double. Any ideas how I can accomplish this?
<?php $args = array(
'smallest'                  => 8,
'largest'                   => 18,
'unit'                      => 'pt',
'number'                    => 450,
'format'                    => 'flat',
'separator'                 => \\"\n\\  ",
'orderby'                   => 'name',
'order'                     => 'ASC',
'exclude'                   => null,
'include'                   => null,
'topic_count_text_callback' => default_topic_count_text,
'link'                      => 'view',
'taxonomy'                  => array('post_tag', 'portfolio_tag'),
'echo'                      => true

); ?>

Tags:  <?php wp_tag_cloud( $args ); ?>

A: As John said in his comment, you have two taxonomies with separate terms.  If both posts and portfolios are to share tags, instead of using a new taxonomy just extend post_tags to portfolio custom post type :
register_taxonomy_for_object_type( 'post_tag', 'portfolio' );

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: Файл заголовка не видит другой файл заголовка. UE4/C++/VisualStudio В проекте в каталоге с классами я создал ещё каталог.
Файлы внутри него "не видят" файлы из основного каталога.

Всё ок, если путь к заголовкам указывать абсолютный или относительный при помощи "../", но, предполагаю, это делается иначе, т.к. "CoreMinimal.h" в подобном не нуждается.
Расскажите, пожалуйста, что тут, вероятно, не так.


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Zuyet Awarmatrip
Athens, May 2015
Through up and down, through crumbling and reestablishing, the city still tremendously emerges glorious and influential in the history of human civilization.
Visiting the Acropolis on a day with swirling clouds lets you feel small. Imagine how extraordinary this architecture masterpiece is when taking into account the era of construction.
One year after the trip of Japan, I flew to Greece for another exotic May. If brought to compare with my other trips in later years, the preparation and execution at that time lacked the experience which caused flops here and there. But without such pivotal trip like Greece, where I held my DSLR to take great pictures the first time ever and enjoy them until now, there wouldn't be me of today.
I arrived in Athens after an arduous flight from Singapore via Istanbul. That was the time Greece was struggling in debt crisis, which might have exposed the country a bad image to tourists, but at the end, nothing for me to regret about that spectacular journey.
I lived in a hostel near Omonoia square, which was just a few stations to the Acropolis. There are a few ways that you can get up to the hill, and believe me, it's an easy walk: from Thissio station (north-west of the Acropolis) or from Acropoli (south of the Acropolis). Whichever direction you go, find a way to reach Propylaea - the entryway of the site.
Propylaea
As I was starting from Acropoli, the notable visiting order would have been Theatre of Dionysus, then Odeon of Herodes Atticus, then up to Propylaea and Temple of Athena Nike, finally reaching Parthenon as well as Erechtheion at the top.
Built and rebuilt many times, damaged and destroyed by fire and war, undergoing the era of Archaic, Classical, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman periods, serving as temple, church, mosque, fortress and government quarter, the site bears in it the condensation of historical events and movements, yet still retaining the characteristic features of the highly revered Ancient Greece.
Temple of Athena Nike
From this high vantage point, you can have the whole Athens in your sight.
On Top of the Crumbled
And not forgotten was the magnificent sunset, especially when the last light of the day beamed through the classical columns.
Sunset over Erechtheion
Embrace the moment that rewinds you to 2000 years back, because you don't have so many chances alike. You are stepping on the stones which the predecessors have been doing it all the same.
Never forget to take a stroll around Plaka, a lovely neighborhood with shops and cafes opening until night. Enjoy some sip of ouzo, the Greek signature aperitif, then have a hearty portion of gyros or souvlaki served with tzatziki sauce.
Stroll around Plaka
If compared side by side with the Acropolis on the hilltop, we can't see any discernible similarity born by Plaka. It's just as simply lovely as the girl next door, telling us to close our eyes and enjoy the atmosphere via auditory and olfactory senses.
I still remember the melody being played by an old violin busker resounding in the dusk ambience, I still remember the tinkling sounds from the cutleries over the newly served Mediterranean seafood pasta.
The Gloom
An Orthodox Church
Around Athens
Obviously Athens is not confined into the locality of Acropolis: reaching further a bit you will have chance to explore sites which are comparably historically important to the city.
Temple of Olympian Zeus
Walking eastwards from the Acropolis, or accessing via Acropoli metro station, the Olympieion is a significant archaeological site of Athens and Greece. Used to be the largest temple in Greece, now the remnants of 16 colossal columns (of 104 original) are still able to wow its visitor.
And don't forget to take picture of the Arch of Hadrian to the west of the site - the gate marking the line of the ancient city wall dividing the old and new regions of historical Athens.
Panathenaic Stadium
Not very far from the temple lies Panathenaic Stadium, entirely built by marble in the 4th BC century, and in modern time it has served many Olympic events, especially as the finishing point for marathon competitions.
Remember to bring along sunglasses, as the marble stands are really shiny!
Mount Lycabettus
If you want to see the mighty Acropolis atop the sea backdrop of Pireaus, spend some nice time to sweat and trek up this hill. The journey is pleasant, slope is not too steep, and once got to the peak, the panoramic view is there for you to embrace. Of course, you can opt to an easy-breezy choice of going by cable car which drives you to the top within 3 minutes.
View of the Acropolis from Mount Lycabettus
Pireaus
If the voyage to Greek islands is part of your plan, visiting Pireaus won't be a miss, as it is the chief, largest sea port of the city and the country. The most captivating feature is the liveliness exuded from the tremendous ships embarking and disembarking the port, with the notably azure sky creating a sense of freedom.
The Port of Piraeus
Would it have been insane to come to Athens for the first time stamping my feet upon the land of Europe? Absolutely not, as the name of Europa originated from Greek mythology, and the establishment of Western culture had been brought forth from the underlain stone of Greek civilization. My story of this great Greece journey has been recited proudly ever after, from Athens, since Athens.
Go to Flickr Album
This post is a part of the Greece series.
Written in Jan, 2020 © Zuyet Awarmatik.
Meteora, May 2015
Zuyet Awarmatrip is a subsidiary identity within the personal ecosystem of Zuyet Awarmatik, focusing on travel and photography.
A Vietnamese currently and not permanently based in Singapore, he usually regards himself as a carefree solo Eastern backpacker, alongside with his main profession as a UX designer & developer. His photos shall always deliver the colorfulness of this worldly reality, rather than monotony and cheerlessness.
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Let the volume up
"Candy" by Red Velvet
I wouldn't mind if posting here the song which kept being replayed while preparing for the trip and practising with my first DSLR camera in March of 2015. Introducing Candy by Red Velvet.


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Arranging for retirement in Ontario is linked with a lot of sensible and emotional terms, so you ought to have the capacity to manage it appropriately.
When you are reaching retirement, you have to have to get to know about all the variables that can make an influence on your Ontario retirement.
Retirement in Ontario ought to be planned correctly and you require to have to make confident that you are financially sustainable to live the golden days of life.
When you are operating on retirement preparing, you call for to place much much more weight on finances for the cause that it can contribute a lot towards your wellbeing.
Your retirement method ought to be a strong a single and it must highlight how you would survive just after you retire from function.
If you need to have to have to remain away from hassle throughout the golden days of your life, you call for to think about Ontario retirement now.
Niagara has a very healthy climate, as its 131989 citizens bear this out. Comparing Niagara with other provinces, their communications within Canada can be improved.
This county is one of the largest in Canada. Thunder Bay has a population of 99334 citizens. Its location in Canada is very good.
Lambton, like the rest of the region, has a mountainous interior. This mountainous interior features deep and steep valleys, formed by major rivers running through it.
Hamilton is a county of Canada. They belong to the Ontario state. It has a population of 519949 citizens. In 2007, 20% of people in the county living in the metropolitan area of the capital.
Peel has a very healthy climate, as its 1296814 citizens bear this out. Comparing Peel with other provinces, their communications within Canada can be improved.
This county is one of the largest in Canada. Toronto county has a population of 670000 citizens. Its location in Canada is very good.
Kent County is a county of Canada. They belong to the Ontario state. It has a population of 108589 citizens. In 2007, 57% of people in the county living in the metropolitan area of the capital.
This county is one of the largest in Canada. Wellington has a population of 115760 citizens. Its location in Canada is very good.
Algoma, like the rest of the region, has a mountainous interior. This mountainous interior features deep and steep valleys, formed by major rivers running through it.
Other cities in Ontario is a county of Canada. They belong to the Ontario state. It has a population of 12300308 citizens. In 2007, 91% of people in the county living in the metropolitan area of the capital.
The service sector accounts for 46% of all jobs generated in Toronto. Of this percentage, 71% are direct jobs, the rest are indirect jobs.
Have 504559 citizen. In Hamilton, 75% are women and the unemployment rate is around 16% of the population.
It has good transport that benefit their growth and business expansion. 12% of citizens recognize live very happy at Brampton.
Ottawa city has 11 tourist attractions and its citizens recommend that tourists who come to the city or its surroundings, visit these tourist spots.
52% of people working in the sector directly or indirectly car. Another vast majority of the citizens of North York are unemployed.
It is one of the most important cities of the country. Hamilton is within 28% of relevant cities in Canada. Has 3 sports centers.
Is a location of Canada. His flag represents all story has travel to this time. Its area is about 81 km. 89% of tourists said that it is a charming city.
The 7% users who leave an opinion of this financial, live within 6KM.
If people leave your opinion of this banking (Ontario), you'll read below and help you make better decisions when choosing banking.
According to the citizens of Thunder Bay, this banking has good references.
71% of users who visit this banking aceden to our website to leave your opinion.


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A Little Bit of Kindness Goes a Long Way
By Sarah Ramsey | August 21, 2018
Sometimes the smallest gesture can mean the most. As an act of kindness, you pay for the coffee of the person behind you in line, thinking you'll merely brighten someone else's day, but instead you're setting off a chain of good that inspires hope, community, and generosity in the other person, in people around you, and even in yourself.
Mackenzie Mauller was getting something to drink at her local Ohio Starbucks earlier this month when she decided to pay for the order of the person behind her in line. Mauller didn't say anything to the person at the time and didn't realize what an effect her simple kindness had on the woman until she found a handwritten note in her mailbox later that day.
Nicole Clawson, who just happens to live a few houses away from Mauller, was in the midst of a rough stretch. Her father recently passed away and in addition to that painful loss, he also babysat Clawson's children while she worked. When her babysitter called to tell her she was sick and couldn't make it, Clawson had to take the day off. She decided to buy her kids breakfast and then get herself coffee as a treat, even though she felt guilty because she'd decided to be a stay-at-home mom and wasn't "emotionally and financially prepared to quit working."
When Mauller picked up the tab for Clawson's coffee, she didn't realize the other woman needed a smile and a sense of hope just as much as she needed coffee. And when Clawson was driving home, she was surprised to see that the person who had paid for her coffee was pulling into the driveway of a house just down the street.
Clawson left a heartfelt note for Mauller, who posted it on Twitter. Mauller was so touched by her words that wrote an own note back with an offer to babysit for Clawson.
THANK YOU FOR THE COFFEE, FINDING ME (SINCE WE'RE NEIGHBORS) TO THANK ME FOR WRITING YOU A CARD AND OFFERING TO BABYSIT ON TOP OF EVERYTHING ELSE TO HELP ME OUT. YOU TRULY ARE THE SWEETEST AND A WONDERFUL PERSON WHO DESERVES THE RECOGNITION!!
-- nicoleclawson (@nicoleclawson12) August 10, 2018
Isolation is bad for humans, even if you're an introvert. We need to engage with other people, at least from time to time. Studies have shown that if we don't, it's bad for our health. (Literally--science says that being isolated can kill you.) Acts of kindness that lead to getting to know someone else better can make you a healthier person.
Kindness has a clear effect on your body and your brain. When you do something good, your body produces serotonin, a chemical that makes you feel good, and endorphins, chemicals that reduce pain. Being kind lowers your blood pressure, decreases stress, helps protect you against heart disease, and slows your aging process
Your act of kindness means a lot - My daughter found this on her car and it brought tears. Have a great day. pic.twitter.com/kckukBmQhW
-- Patricia Zeman (@Peezareno) August 9, 2018
Basically, kindness is the wonder drug. It also affects the people around you, even past the person to whom you are being kind. Witnessing an act of kindness produces oxytocin, so seeing someone else be kind makes you happier.
If you need proof that one act of kindness can affect others, look at the stories of teachers in line buying school supplies. Teachers in Texas and Oklahoma both have stories about doing a school supply run and chatting with the people in line next to them, only to have those people offer to pay for the supplies when they realized that the teachers were spending their own money. (And yes, we can honor the kindness of strangers while also recognizing that teachers should not have to pay for necessary school supplies out of their own pocket.)
With a couple of these stories happening within a short amount of time, is it possible that one inspired the act of another? People reading about a generous act of kindness may be inspired to do something similar simply because they felt good when they read the story.
Generosity can also inspire another act of kindness in real time. Take the story of Chicago teacher Kimber Bermudez. She was flying to Florida to visit her parents and started chatting with a seatmate about the charter school she teaches first grade at, where a lot of the students are classified as low income and have limited English language skills. When her seatmate asked for her school's contact information for a possible donation, she gladly gave it but didn't think anything else of it.
Facebook: Kimber Bermudez
Then another passenger tapped her on the shoulder. He apologized for listening in on her conversation, then handed her some cash and told her to "do something amazing with it." Then after the plane landed, another man sitting across from her offered her a donation as well. Then the man sitting in front her gave, too.
Being kind sets off a kind of positive feedback loop. One act makes you feel good, which leads to another act, which makes you feel good again. It becomes practice reinforced by positive feelings. The best thing about it is that the benefit can be all internal; while stories about acts of kindness may go viral online, many others happen quietly and people still benefit from the good feelings.
It helps that acts of kindness don't generally have an expectation of external reward. For example, Mauller wasn't looking for a public thank you, she just wanted to do something nice for a stranger. But it's also why we can be surprised by people doing kind things for no apparent reason.
Wildfires are sweeping through parts of California right now and firefighters are doing everything they can to save lives, homes, and businesses. You might think that the act of saving someone's home is kindness enough, but to firefighters, that's just the job.
The kindness, residents report, is in leaving food and water for house pets and farm animals that weren't able to evacuate or watering a garden that had escaped the fire. One family had been watching the flames approach their house via cameras and then a firefighter contacted them through their video doorbell to let them know the house was safe.
In today's world, where everyone is always on their electronic device and the news always seems to be bad, making room for a simple act of kindness can be revolutionary. So today, do yourself a kindness and put a smile on someone else's face.
Watch: How to Make Beer-Candied Bacon.


The Gros Ventre River Ranch, a Wyoming Dude Ranch, has been featured in several blogs, newspaper articles, magazine articles and photo journals. Read all about us below!
Media Inquiries: Please contact Tori McGough at info@grosventreriverranch.com for more information on our Wyoming Dude Ranch.


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Auberge St Donat, Plascassier
What a Find!
I was passing Plascassier at lunchtime and as I live in a place also called St Donat and was hungry I decided to call in.
From the outside I wasn't even sure it was open and it certainly was not prepossessing.to look at. The blackboard said, and listed, four courses for €16. The main of these didn't really appeal, but I thought they'd have the usual brasserie stuff, even if it was frozen chips and microwaved.
[image1]
But no! Inside there were comfortably 150 people - all locals (October midweek), maybe more. I was made to feel very welcome despite being on my own, and directed towards an area where I could choose to sit. Almost immediately - although after a welcome and a question about whether I would like red, white or rosé wine - a plate of super-fresh salad was put in front of me.
I've lived in France for seven years, but I don't think I have ever encountered service quite as efficient as this. The salad was lovely, everything was very fresh and obviously prepared very shortly beforehand. It was followed by a pastry tart of leeks and bacon, which was just delicious. Very well seasoned. Not beautiful, not 'haute cuisine', no splashes, foams and swirls on immaculate china or mysterious pieces of slate, but home cooked by someone who obviously knows how to cook (even for 150 people!).
The main that had originally put me off was 'poitrine de veau'. I'm not normally a fan of poitrine (belly) of anything much as I find it too fatty. But this wasn't. It was obviously a relatively cheap cut of veal, but rolled, mainly meat - what fat there was was delicious and melt-in-the-mouth - and the crackling had been glazed with a complex set of flavours including something delightfully anise or chinese five spic- ish. It was served with beans in a home-made tomato sauce. Nicely autumnal, and again all home-done. I cleaned the plate.
The only choice (apart from the colour of the wine) was dessert, and I had a slice of delicious home made apricot tart. The wine itself was rustic and rough as a badger's arse, but somehow it fitted perfectly. The service could not have been improved upon - fast, friendly, efficient and with a smile. I had, frankly, had 'one of those days' visiting banks, accountants, car dealers and trying to navigate myself through a mountain of French bureaucracy - the conclusion of which was the inevitable sense of 'why the hell do I choose to live in France?' This restaurant, its ambiance, staff and cooking, are the answer to that question, and helped restore my faith in my adopted country.
€16 for four courses, including wine and coffee. Just amazing. Obviously I have eaten superior food before and I would not want to raise others' expectations beyond the useful, but in terms of value, and service, this is up there without doubt.
Highly recommended, and I will certainly return.
A great find! All too often down here, I find the food pretentious, lacking taste and expensive, but there are a few like this, known by the locals, are worth their weight in gold. [Liz Gabay, 25th October 2014]
Hi Rod, I know this place and agree with your comments. A little local secret, now known to many thanks to your blog! [Fiona Maureso, 25th October 2014]


This one may come as a surprise, but as much as we think texting saves time, you actually spend less time communicating information with a call. As fast as your fingers may type, the delayed back and forth volley of texting will never be as fast as picking up the phone and having a conversation. This is especially true when it comes to sharing important news or for business.
Phone calls are not only the best way to hear someone's voice clearly, but they also enable you to understand the meaning of what someone is saying than texting. Texting is very prone to misinterpretation –even between close friends and family– because you can't tell the tone of someone's voice with text, which informs a lot of what they are saying. And if something is misunderstood on a phone call, it's much easier and faster to clear up the confusion, instead of the painful waiting that happens with texting.
There's no question–hearing someone's voice is much friendlier than the cold, mechanical transaction of texting. Texting is very task-based, which doesn't allow for the warmth of friendly chit-chat that occurs with a phone call. And, for the record, emojis are not a great substitute for sharing actual emotions on a call.
Throughout our busy digital-based lives, we're constantly staring at screens–computers, televisions, tablets, and, of course, phones! Staring at those tiny pixels and bright light wavelengths from screens for most of the day puts a potentially dangerous amount of strain on our eyes. Give your eyes a rest and make a call instead.
You may be able to tell someone what time the movie starts with a text, but there's no way to relay how the movie really affected you emotionally without making a phone call. When it comes to sharing important life news, a phone call enables you to have a much deeper conversation than a text. Even lighthearted, daily conversations can lead to sharing more thoughtful exchanges than texts ever could.
Texting is notoriously plagued by the frustration of the auto-correct function – when the phone automatically changes a word in your text to what it thinks you meant to type. Often times the function can lead to confusing, if not embarrassing, changes to what we were typing, something that most of us have experienced at one time or another.
We all lead busy lives, yet by taking the time to make a phone call shows that you care enough to take a break from all of that to devote you attention to them. Sure, you may be multi-tasking while on the call–washing dishes, walking the dog–but you can tell if someone's attention slips away from the call. When you're texting you could be doing just about anything else–except for truly giving the person your time and attention.
When you talk on the phone with someone, you're sharing a special connection that is only between you two. The same can't be said about a text, which can be shown to others or consulted over with others before sending. A phone call is in real time, not the delayed back and forth of text, and makes the shared moment all the more special.
Do any of these reasons have you convinced that calling trumps texting? Why not make a call to a special friend or family member right now, then?


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Home / Hebron / Israeli forces use tear gas against schoolchildren in Hebron
Israeli forces use tear gas against schoolchildren in Hebron
in Hebron, Reports February 17, 2014
16th February 2014 | International Solidarity Movement, Hebron Team | Hebron, Occupied Palestine
On Sunday, the 16th of February, Israeli soldiers and border police in Hebron fired tear gas and sound grenades at children on their way to school. The border police also chased the children, attempting to arrest them.
Soldiers and border police chasing schoolchildren in Hebron (photo by ISM)
At Checkpoint 29, around 7:30 a.m., a few children on their way to school (there are three schools near the checkpoint) were throwing stones at the soldiers stationed there. In response to this two border police and a soldier appeared from an alley and threw a sound grenade at the kids close to the United Nations school on Tareq Ben Ziyad Street.
This frightened not only the children who had thrown stones but all the children on their way to school, causing them to flee. When they did not catch any children the two border police and the soldier stood in front of the school blocking the entrance and started firing teargas at those who had fled.
As the border police and the soldier returned to the checkpoint, three new soldiers came out of an apartment across the street, preventing the children from entering their school. The soldiers continued firing teargas towards the crowd of upset and frightened children.
(Photo by ISM)
Tear gas is a nondiscriminatory nerve gas which affects all persons nearby. The gas often takes a long time to disperse, forcing children to go through the half-dispersed gas clouds on their way to school, leaving them crying and coughing. The use of tear gas against schoolchildren is common in Hebron.
In total, seven soldiers and two border police were involved in the incident, firing six tear gas grenades and two sound grenades at the children.
Hebron Israeli Army Tear-Gas Canister 2014-02-17
Tagged with: Hebron Israeli Army Tear-Gas Canister


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H a p p y - F e l l o w ® S e m i n a r s
Happy-Fellow®
Coaching Website
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Organizers of our events
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Aurea Verebes
Mary Hunter, M.S.
Jesús Rosales-Ruiz Ph.D.
Susan G. Friedman, Ph.D.
Nicole Pfaller-Sadovsky, BSc (Hons) MSc
Helen Phillips
Susan G. Friedman Ph.D.
Susan Friedman, Ph.D., is currently a faculty member in the Department of Psychology at Utah State University.
A behaviourist for more than 30 years, her area of expertise is learning and behaviour with a special emphasis on children's behaviour disorders.
In the last several years, Susan has pioneered efforts to apply to animals the humane philosophy and scientifically sound teaching technology from the field of Applied Behaviour Analysis, which has been so effective with human learners.
The guiding principle of this approach is a hierarchy of teaching interventions starting with the most positive, least intrusive, effective behaviour solutions.
Friedman is a steadfast proponent of changing behaviour through facilitation rather than force, focusing on animals' extraordinary biologic capacity to learn by interacting with their environment. She teaches that by changing the environment for success, animals learn to behave successfully. Friedman currently offers two internet-based courses, Living and Learning with Animals for professionals, and Living and Learning with Parrots for caregivers. So far, her students have hailed from 23 different countries. She has contributed chapters on learning and behavior for three avian veterinary texts (Harrison and Lightfoot's Clinical Avian Medicine, Luescher's Manual Parrot behaviour, and Tynes's Behavior of Exotic Pet Animals), and enjoys writing for a variety of popular parrot magazines. Her articles have been translated into nine languages. (See her site for more information about her courses and links to her recent articles.)
Friedman has given seminars on animal learning and behaviour around the world, including Australia, Botswana, Canada, England, Holland, Ireland, Israel, France, New Zealand, and Sweden. She has presented at a wide variety of conferences, such as the Association of Avian Veterinarians, the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria, the American Federation of Aviculturists and Moorpark College's Exotic Animal Training and Management program and NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Colloquium. Friedman is a core member of the US Fish and Wildlife Condor Recovery Project and has been nominated for the Media Award, given by the International Association of Behavior Analysis, for her efforts to disseminate to pet owners, veterinarians, trainers and zookeepers some of the essential tools they need to empower and enrich the lives of all learners.
more of Susan G. Friedman, Ph.D.
http://behaviorworks.org/
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If you're looking at it from the outside in, getting the best wedding pictures can feel more like magic than art or science.
That's partially by design. As photographers, we want your special day to feel magical. But the truth is, the best way to get great wedding pictures is to plan and strategize before the event even takes place.
1. Invite your photographer on a venue tour before the wedding.
Photographers love venue tours. I've never seen a photographer require them, but we love them. We like meeting the venue staff and wandering around the location. This is information that we can use if other clients are holding events at the same location in the future, so it's pretty helpful for us in the long run.
However, it's also helpful to you!
Seeing a location — especially if you can schedule a visit close to the time that the wedding will take place — can give photographers insight into the space and lighting requirements for the area.
I personally enjoy when clients can tell me what they're thinking or how they're envisioning the venue setup. If there are particular seating arrangements or table setups, I can gather more insight into how I'd photograph something and that can make all the difference on wedding day. If the bride or the groom really want wedding pictures at a specific location inside the venue, it helps to know where that is.
2. Create a list of "must have" wedding pictures and an image "wishlist".
One of the most important things you can do before your wedding day is sit down and figure out which images are "MUST HAVES" for you. Photographers aren't mind readers, and while they may have a few shots in mind, more insight is always better. If you NEED that shot of your father walking you down the aisle, tell your photographer that it's important to you!
Likewise, be sure to create an image wishlist. These images are "nice to have" but aren't considered essential. You'll want this list as something to aim for while understanding that time constraints and external factors may prevent you from getting all the wedding pictures you want.
Give both of these lists to your photographer and discuss!
3. Create and share an inspiration board.
This is one of my favourite parts of wedding planning. Find a website you love and create an idea folder or an inspiration board. This includes wedding pictures that you like and ideas you might want to try out. It can be very broad or very narrow, depending on your preference.
Share this board with your photographer and talk to them about the images that you save there — especially the images you're most excited about — and invite your photographer to do the same. If there's a pose you want to try or a family arrangement you enjoy, many photographers can replicate it or expand the idea with a personal touch.
4. Provide your photographer with a family guide.
One of the absolute best ways to ensure great wedding pictures is to provide a family guide for your photographer. This is someone who you've shared your vision with but who isn't a part of the primary wedding party and can tag along beside your photographer to make sure that everyone is properly photographed.
As your photographer, I may know you and your immediate family. I won't know aunts, uncles, or extended family members. When the time comes to take family photos, having a guide who knows everyone can make a night and day difference between your photos.
Whether you're just starting your search for a wedding photographer or you're already well underway, our free wedding guide will provide key tips and guidelines to help you choose the right photographer for your big day. We'll cover everything from wedding pre-planning all the way to hiring considerations and what you can do to help your photographer get the best images possible!
Check your email! You should receive your guide shortly!
5. Give your photographer access to private spaces.
Wedding days are big events with a lot of behind-the-scenes action going on. If the bride and groom are separated, allowing your photographer to access the preparation areas can provide some of the most powerful moments of the wedding.
If you restrict access to these areas, you'll likely receive several shots of arriving and chatting guests but no coverage of the moments that you'll most often remember from that day.
Be sure to check with your bridesmaids or groomsmen before allowing access, especially if your photographer is of the opposite gender from their subject. As a male photographer, I've seen hesitation from bridesmaids who were never told to expect a camera. The same is true for women photographing men.
6. Provide your photographer with a schedule of events.
It's not strictly necessary to provide a schedule of events, but your photographer will appreciate knowing when certain things are supposed to take place.
If there's a special cocktail hour after the ceremony but you'd prefer family wedding pictures during that time, too, you may have to choose what you'd like your photographer to cover.
Giving us the information we need to provide the coverage you want brings us one step closer to success.
7. Tell your photographer your secret plans.
Everyone except your photographer will love surprises on your wedding day. I always advise my clients and their guests to tell me in advance if a surprise is happening so that I can be in the right place to capture it. Fun, unexpected surprises make for some of the best wedding pictures in the end.
This isn't necessary, of course, but if your photographer doesn't know what's going on, it's much harder for them to photograph it. If this happens at the ceremony or the reception, your photographer might be in a different location entirely!
Some couples shy away from providing photographers with wedding detail, either because they aren't big planners or they want to be spontaneous.
While no photographer wants to rain on your parade, the hard truth of it is that you'll get better wedding pictures if you sit down and plan out your event. This is something we often stress because regardless of the planning, photographers are still expected to return great results.
And those wedding pictures you get back from an unplanned and spontaneous event might be great — but they might not be as powerful or as meaningful as they could have been. No photographer wants that to happen! We want to help you create an amazing story that you're proud to call your own!
If you're in need of a wedding photographer drop us a line. We'd love to chat with you.


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Brandi Love Wouldn T Count Me Out Lyrics
Brandi Love is a Pornstar With the Big Clitoris
Brandi Love is an American pornstar whose actual name is Tracey Lynn Livermore. She is a member of both the AVN and the XRCO Halls Of Fame. Love has a huge clitoris and has DD Cup enhancements. She is a popular pornstar, with more than one million views.
Tracey Lynn Livermore well-known by her real brand name Brandi Love, and she is a famous American pornstar. She is a part of both the AVN and the XRCO Hall of Fame. Apart from acting she is also a model.
While she has been a household name in the film industry for adults, she has made time to take care of her family. In fact, she has created a non-profit organisation to aid other parents who want to work in the adult film industry. Her goal is to help parents make the right decision regarding working in the industry , and be sure they do not cause harm to their children.
Brandi Love is an American-born pornstar
Brandi Love is a professionally-owned name for Tracey Lynn Livermore the American pornographic actress. She is a member of both the XRCO and AVN Hall of Fame. She has been featured in over 300 films that are pornographic. She is well-known for her provocative sexy movements.
Prior to becoming a adult pornstar Brandi Love managed to run a successful wine company. She also created a website. The webmasters who created the site were experts in the adult industry. Then, she quit her wine business and made the switch to the porn world. She is now among the most well-known pornstars around the world.
Brandi Love comes with DD cup improvements
As one of the most popular pornstars Brandi Love is having her breasts grow larger. She now has 36D cups. While she underwent plastic surgery to increase her boobs however, she did not go too far. Her thin body and muscular tummy are perfectly proportioned to her new bosoms. It's evident that the Pornstar knows how to maximize her body and assets.
Being in the porn business for 18 months, Brandi Love has established herself as a credible celebrity. Her fame and success have made it virtually impossible to refuse an offer from her. Her professional career has brought numerous awards and honors. She's among the most well-known pornstars in the MILF genre.
Brandi Love has a huge clitoris
If you're in search of a pornstar with a big clitoris, Brandi Love is a ideal option. She MILF is aged 33 and has already made a name for herself in the adult scene. Growing up in North Carolina, Brandi Love has been featured in numerous adult productions.
Brandi Love is tattooed on her lower-mid-back
Brandi Love has a number of tattoos across her body, including an image of a butterfly on her lower back. She also has faded blue and purple image of an animal on the right side of her ankle. The tattoo is a reference the relationship she had with her former partner and she's also talked about the meaning of the tattoo.
Love started her career with self-produced work and sex on camera on her adult website. After receiving an offer to film her first professional film with Naughty America, she quickly expanded her portfolio to include films produced by other companies.
Brandi Love, who is a renowned pornstar, has a frank connection with her husband Chris Potoski. They were married in 1994. Brandi quit the college in 1994 and Potoski finished his education in 1995. The couple moved to New York City, where Brandi worked in sales at Harley Davidson and managed a custom wine label business. Chris was an adult film star however, he wasn't born as one.
Chris and Brandi's relationship has been a subject of controversy. Despite the fact that they're married, they have remained determined to pursue their careers. Indeed, Chris and Brandi's relationship has also helped provide a model for married couples. In the end, their bond is a testimony to how long pornstars are able to remain together for.
Emily Willis A Pigtailed Whore Who Loves Cock Download
Does Brandi Love Have A Daughter


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Q: Definition of finite field with fixed characteristic In this article Discrete logarithms in quasi-polynomial time in finite fields of fixed characteristic the term finite fields of fixed characteristic is not defined and I couldn't find it on the literature, too.

*

*What is the definition of finite fields of fixed characteristic

A: The term quasi-polynomial time means quasi-polynomial in...which parameters? What fixed characteristic says is that the problem is quasi-polynomial in the field size as the field size varies, as long as we keep the characteristic fixed.
So, for instance, if their algorithm takes $\le C2^pk^r$ steps over a field of characteristic $p$ and size $k$ for some constants $C,r$, then it is polynomial for fields of fixed characteristic, but exponential in the characteristic.


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Історії українського спротиву у війні
Novoukrainka
Zaporizhzhia region
Ukrainian teachers organize online studies in the occupied territories
The occupants are now ruling in Novoukrainka, Zaporizhzhia region: they are establishing their own order, putting rubles into circulation. There is only one educational institution in the village – gymnasium of Novoukrainka. Children from four localities study here. The invaders force parents to send their children to study according to the russian curriculum. However, the Director of this educational institution, Tetiana Yakovleva, who was forced to evacuate to Lviv, together with her colleagues decided to give her students the opportunity to continue receiving Ukrainian education. Teachers have developed a project and are now implementing it. Tetiana told us about this and the difficulties that arise on the way to plan implementation.
First days of war
I come from Zaporizhzhia region, Polohy district, Kamianka territorial community. I have been working as a director of Novoukrainka gymnasium since 2000, teaching History of Ukraine and Civic Education. This is the only educational institution in our locality. The gymnasium has three buses that bring children from several settlements. Children from the villages of Smile, Chervonoselivka, Hoholivka and Novoukrainka study here. At the end of the 2021-2022 academic year, the gymnasium had 152 students.
Strangely enough, on the first day of russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine, a lot of students came to school. It turned out that many parents were not aware of the beginning of active hostilities. The pedagogical council decided to let the students go home.
On February 24, an order on the organization of holidays was issued, and it was repeatedly extended. On May 2, according to the order of Zaporizhzhia regional military administration, the end of the school year was announced on the occupied territories of Zaporizhzhia region.
Teachers were on duty in the gymnasium to monitor the observance of order.
The area of Kamianka territorial community was occupied on March 3. At that point, the enemy carried out rocket attacks on civilian facilities and infrastructure. The occupiers brought many of their troops. During March 3-15, there was no electricity, water, gas, mobile communications, or Internet.
Leaving the occupied territory
There were mostly Chechens in our area. They took away cars from people who were better off. They went from house to house and took what they wanted. The biggest shock of the first days of occupation is that an ordinary person in his or her own country has absolutely no rights. They can do anything to this person with impunity: come to the house, take what they like, deprive him or her of life... And then the equipment and machinery started arriving. The town of Huliaipole is very close, and our village of Novoukrainka was close to the demarcation line. Here was the road that was used to deliver weapons, equipment, fuel, and ammunition to the battle area. Across the road, past the windows of my house, there were endless columns of enemy vehicles and machinery.
My husband and I left Novoukrainka on April 10, since I realized that I would not be able to cooperate with the invaders and teach in the gymnasium according to russian programs. And I would not be able to live in conditions of lack of freedom either.
Some of my colleagues also left the occupied territory. Some went to Zaporizhzhia, others stayed in the western regions of Ukraine, and two teachers went to Poland. Nine teachers remained in the occupied territory.
Looting in the school
Russian soldiers stayed at the school twice. And robbed. Now the invaders have established their authority in Novoukrainka. They renamed the occupied territory to the Kuibyshevo district, as it was called in Soviet times. They appointed a "head of the district".
This "head of the district" arranged an appointment with the remaining teachers at the gymnasium, but they did not show up.
Representatives of the occupation authorities liked the Novoukrainka gymnasium. However, they do not plan to open it. Most likely, the gymnasium was looted, and it hurts a lot... After all, the institution had an extremely high level of logistics for a rural area. Each classroom had multimedia complexes. Each teacher had a laptop. There was modern furniture and modern renovation.
The occupiers were looking for a person who would agree to work with them as a starosta. But neither the current starosta nor the teachers from my school agreed to cooperate.
Developing an online lesson plan
When we monitored the number of our students, we were amazed. It turned out that about 50% of children remained in the occupied territory. Therefore, the question of how the institutions of our community would function in the 2022-2023 academic year worried everyone: parents, students, and teachers.
First, we initiated a joint online meeting with the founder (Kamianka village council) because we do not have accounting autonomy. Accounting is centralized. The funds are managed by the head of the village council. During the meeting, we decided to organize distance learning in the Kamianka community from September 12. We also talked about the fact that other teachers should also leave the occupied territory. This will allow them to join the remote work because there is no Internet and sufficient communication channels in that area. We announced this to our students and their parents.
Almost all parents and students were happy to hear that the school was planning the educational process because they wanted to continue their studies at our institution.
I was elaborating on the educational program and curriculum for over a month, then distributed the workload. This was the first stage of work to be able to allocate funds for all children and teachers.
The second stage is organizational. We were experienced with distance learning during the coronavirus pandemic. At that time, we worked in Google Classroom, and used the materials of the All-Ukrainian Online School, the "Umity" educational platform. Our school's website is on the e-Schools platform, where not only informational or educational materials, but also e-registers and e-diaries are posted, and the progress of each student is automatically analyzed. We used to keep e-registers, online schedules in Google Calendar, Virtual Teacher's Room, e-textbooks and curricula in addition to paper ones.
All children who have been promoted to the next grade remain students of our institution. If parents apply for dismissal and provide a certificate of the pupil's new place of study, we will dismiss him or her.
We accept students from all over Ukraine. If earlier it was done based on residence registration, then during martial law, I think we can enroll everyone if there are available places.
Difficulties in arranging distance learning
All office equipment remained in the occupied territory. In addition, the material base was robbed. Now teachers have to attend online meetings from their phones, some from their child's old laptop. Therefore, it is necessary that every teacher has a laptop with all the work-related databases – lessons, materials, and calendar planning...
Another issue is financial and accounting. What to do with the teachers who remained in the occupied territory? They do not have full access to the Internet. Since they remained in the occupied territory, the question arises: should we pay them downtime or suspend their contract for the period of martial law?
In addition, I believe that it is dangerous for schoolchildren to study according to the Ukrainian curriculum in the occupied territory. The invaders encourage parents to send their children to russian schools. They threaten to establish social service agencies to bring parents to justice for the fact that they "do not contribute to the full-time education". I also have information that the russian authorities promise parents money if they send their children to Kamianka school. But these are just rumors. If this is true, then perhaps it will also become a certain factor for low-income families. After all, it is difficult to live in that territory – there is no job, and savings are running out. There is no freedom. However, I believe that we should give children the opportunity to study according to the Ukrainian curriculum. And then let the parents decide.
Our main idea is to make children and their parents who remained in the occupation feel that we have not abandoned them and have not left them alone with the enemy. They were our students, our fellow villagers, our citizens, and remain now. The second message is that we must give everyone the opportunity to receive a Ukrainian document on education so that children can enter Ukrainian and European higher education institutions.
Writer: Evgenia Pavlova
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