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Santa Rosa History
THE CAPITAL OF HOBOHEMIA
December 16, 2019 January 20, 2020 Jeff Elliott	Leave a comment
Interpreting history is sometimes like assembling IKEA furniture. After an unexpected amount of sweat and cussing you've finally got the thing put together and it looks okay – but then you discover an overlooked part which seems as if it must be important. So back you go, pouring over the documents to figure out where the hell it fits in. And that, Gentle Reader, is how we have arrived at the puzzle of Santa Rosa and its hoboes. They had a significant presence here (albeit usually an unwanted one) for decades; where do they fit into the Santa Rosa story? What drew them here and why did they settle in to stay?
Before diving into that history, however, comments on Facebook and other social media about my previous article, "THE WORLD ACCORDING TO HOBOES," suggest many are comparing those 1931 hoboes and their hobo jungle with today's homeless and their encampments on the Joe Rodota trail and elsewhere. The situations could hardly be more different.
First, the hoboes never considered themselves homeless. Living a rootless life under the sky was theirs by choice; this point came across strongly in the profile of the Santa Rosa hoboes as it does in other primary writings, such as the (highly recommended!) Tales of the Iron Road. They chafed when forced to stay under a roof because of weather or infirmity, itching to get back to the camp fire world they loved.
Despite the hardships, their attraction to hobo life was being part of an extended community where acceptance was unconditional as long as you honored their rules and customs. Since it appears most were cast away at a young age or suffered some form of parental abuse or abandonment, becoming a hobo was like joining the Brotherhood of Lost Boys. The far-reaching hobo network became a new family, and many of those men spent most (or all) of their adulthood in the comfort of belonging among them.
Our modern homeless do share one thing with the hoboes of yore – Santa Rosa's cluster of "skid row" services on Morgan and Wilson streets.
Hoboing was at its heyday c. 1910 when an evangelical group started a rescue mission on Washington street, near the current location of the Catholic Charities homeless services center on Morgan. That was followed by a shelter for "down and outs" at 117 Eighth street, between Davis and Wilson. In the mid 1960s – even as the hobo life was on the wane – the Redwood Gospel Mission and House of Refuge opened in the same area, with the Catholic Worker Kitchen, the St. Vincent de Paul soup kitchen and Catholic Charities following later. It made sense at the time for all those Good Samaritans to operate their charities there because the locations were only steps away from Santa Rosa's railroad yard, which was where all hoboes came and went.
Indulge me a moment to editorialize about how this is still causing problems today: It's now been a long time since trains were the hobo express, and continuing to offer those services in that neighborhood only tethers the homeless to the downtown area. Today everyone concerned would be better off if the charities there moved to a designated area where the homeless living in vehicles could park, others could camp and where meaningful humanitarian aid could be coordinated.
Theirs was a distinct American subculture that lasted roughly one hundred years, from the end of the Civil War to circa 1970. At its 1910 peak the hobo population was estimated at 700,000, large enough to make them the fourth largest city in the United States, should they all get an unlikely itch to settle down in a mondo hobo jungle.
In the early years tramps, vagabonds or "vags" were apparently rare in Sonoma county, although they were frequently the subject of little filler items in the local newspapers, usually jokey vignettes reprinted from East Coast journals. The gags were usually that a tramp is ignorant (trying to eat ice cream with a fork), rude (correcting his host's grammar after receiving a free meal) or deceitful (a haven't-eaten-for-days tramp begs for a penny and is told the person only has a silver dollar; no problem, says the vagrant, he can make change).
The first mention of drifters in the area came from the Santa Rosa paper in the summer of 1876, when a tramp attempted to sexually assault a 7 year-old girl south of Hopland (he wasn't turned over to the sheriff, but members of the family beat the man severely). A number of unemployed men arrived the following year when the Long Depression hit California and caused massive unemployment, and the Democrat made the point that these fellows were different that the usual vagabonds found around here: "Many of them are now in this section of the State seeking work, and they are generally designated 'tramps.' From the fact that there are every year some persons strolling about the country pretending to be hunting work but really trying to make a living without having to work for it, the name of tramp has become one of opprobrium…" (Transcriptions of this and assorted other articles follow at the end.)
After that the Santa Rosa newspaper was mostly silent about tramps for nearly a decade – but come 1886, there was plenty to report. "The question, 'What shall be done with the tramps,' has been frequently asked," began one story in the Democrat. A reporter counted fifty living in the seasonally-dry bed of Santa Rosa Creek.
"During the afternoon of Wednesday and the forenoon of Thursday, the side streets were almost thronged with these creatures, going from house to house, begging what they could and stealing where the chance offered. And yet this annoyance has no antidote; the County Jail would be inadequate to the demands made upon it were they all arrested," the article continued. Several more pieces followed, including interviews with some of the tramps.
The influx of tramps traces back to the developments of 1883-1886, discussed here earlier in depth. Those were Santa Rosa's boomtown years, which began when the courthouse was the scene of a high-profile, two year trial that brought wads of money into town. Then "Kroncke's Park" opened in 1886, with ultra-cheap subsidized ferry and train tickets from San Francisco. That lured up to 1,500 to Santa Rosa each Sunday, among them pickpockets and "roughs." A few weeks after it opened, a Democrat article began thus: "The excursion to this city and Kroncke's Park Sunday, was made up chiefly of hoodlums…" Problems persisted for years, which the city ignored because the park brought in the tourist trade. A surge of articles about aggressive and criminal tramps appeared in tandem ("the tramp nuisance seems to be daily on the increase"), including an item about a policeman shooting a guy in the arm while he was trying to escape arrest for stealing a load of booze.
But a far larger wave of itinerants began arriving in 1888, once the Santa Rosa and Carquinez (AKA Southern Pacific) Railroad was completed. Santa Rosa was now connected to the national rail network. From the North street depot we could ship Annadel basalt, Sonoma county wine and fruit anywhere in the country cheaply; in return we brought in cattle and kerosene and circuses – along with a new style of tramp adept at riding freight cars that came to be called "hoboes."*
That freight line connected through Napa Junction (now part of American Canyon) and came up through the Valley of the Moon. There soon was an uptick in hobo-related crime along the train route in Napa, which put 43 tramps in jail, and Glen Ellen, where the town constable was robbed. Santa Rosa had a string of burglaries because there was a "centralization of that element of society at the county-seat," according to the Board of Supervisors, who passed a motion that "all tramps and vagrants confined in the County Jail be fed only good wholesome bread and water."
Napa valley hobo c. 1920, photographer unknown
Anyone crystal ball-gazing in 1889 might have predicted the hoboes would become a permanent criminal underclass, lurking at the edge of town while plotting to steal your grandma's candlesticks. But by the early 1890s there were no crimes reported locally aside from the occasional fellow caught sleeping in a barn, with few mentions of hoboes being sentenced to a tour of duty on Santa Rosa's chain gang. (There were no chains and the work was apparently just sweeping downtown sidewalks and picking up cigar butts.) What changed? I suspect hoboes coming from the East brought with them the new concept of the hobo jungle, with its code of strict intolerance for robbers and other trouble-makers.
And the hoboes certainly wouldn't have wanted to be banned from Santa Rosa. There were no Railroad Bulls eager to crack hobo heads stationed at our little depot on North street, and the county jail was supposedly quite tolerable, although there were sometimes "tough on crime" spells where prisoners were given only bread and water, or even water alone. Plus it was a short walk across town to the NWP railyard at Railroad Square; from there a hobo could spend his life riding steam trains up and down Luther Burbank's "chosen spot of all this earth," never venturing again out of the pleasant valleys of Northern California – and from the 1931 Press Democrat series, we know some indeed did so. But if you still wanted to visit Los Angeles or Seattle or Chicago, the Southern Pacific line was right on the other side of town. It was like Santa Rosa was Grand Central Station for the mythical paradise of Hobohemia.
Once the robberies stopped, the town was also starting to adjust to having a vagrant population. The first sign came in 1892, when a group of boys were fined $5 each (the equivalent of $180 today) for throwing rocks at a hobo – a crime the cops surely would have been ignored a few years earlier, just as kids were never punished for harassing Chinese residents.
By 1894 the Democrat even began publishing stories that poked gentle fun at the hoboes, as if they were merely eccentrics. In January the paper had a fictionalized account of six men who very much wanted the police court to sentence them to jail because of the cold weather. Hoboes always were known by their "road names," which were monickers like "Fry Pan Jack" or "Cotton Henry." In the Democrat's version the men had goofy names such as "Chauncy Hoofsome," "Insomuch Pillroller" and "Douglas Ticklemush," which sound more like the cuddly pals of Beatrix Potter than leather-skinned dudes who risked death or dismemberment by jumping aboard moving freight trains.
Later that year the paper attempted to use them as a political allegory (and I do emphasize the word, "attempted") where the hoboes who hung around Santa Rosa were Republican freeloaders called "Doodoos" (the whole idiotic thing is too long to transcribe; anyone interested can read it here). Still, it shows the hoboes here already shared the comradeship of the later hobo jungles:
…Deputy Sheriff Dougherty, who has made a psychological, phrenological and astrological study of the American tramp, says there are two great divisions of this grand army. One division is called the Doodoos, the other the Blanket-stiffs…The Doodoos are devoted to each other. Dougherty states that when one of them is let out of jail he always returns with tobacco or a Daily Democrat to light up the gloom for his brothers in the cage. He further alleges that they have secret signs by which they recognize each other anywhere…At the present time there are twenty-eight tramps in the county jail, all members of the order of Doodoos. They have a leader, or "judge," with them, whose nickname is "Aunt Sally." It appears he made such a success of doing nothing and was such a good judge of whisky that the California branch of the Doodoos promoted him from the bar to the bench…
As years passed both Santa Rosa's Republican and Democrat newspapers offered stories about the audacious hoboes who passed through the area (see "THE HOBOES COMETH"). A favorite character was "Tennessee Bill," who set fire to the Petaluma city jail during 1904. Arrested for his usual drunkenness, Bill was foolishly left alone in his cell and soon tore off all his clothes and set fire to them. Asked why, "he answered that it needed fumigation and took it upon himself to accomplish the deed," according to the Republican. The fire department was called and the cell, along with Bill, were thoroughly hosed down. "A number of ladies were attracted by the excitement and went to the jail door but did not stay long. Tennessee's vocabulary is not all parlor tongue," commented the Argus.
Press Democrat editor Ernest Finley was particularly fond of writing about hobo life; under his tenure the PD printed that remarkable 11-part series in 1931, which should be recognized as some of the paper's most noteworthy journalism. Reading the teasers and blurbs about the series and it seems clear that Finley dearly wished he was thirty years younger and could have written it himself.
Santa Rosa's hobo jungle began fading away shortly after that. A 1951 Press Democrat article mentioned there were still three near Santa Rosa; it's not clear if any remained by the time the Wilson street charities opened their doors in 1963.
In 1975 the Press Democrat revisited its legacy of hobo reporting by offering a two-part series by Ukiah bureau writer Vicki Allen on "Hood River Blackie," the hobo historian. During his 33 years on the Iron Road, Blackie (real name Ralph Gooding) collected details about hoboing going back to the Civil War. "Some people exist and no one pays any attention to them until they are gone," Blackie told the PD. "I call them the lost generation. It makes me feel so bad that the people of my world are gone. Now, it is like chasing dead men."
He had retired in 1972 because "nearly all the men I knew and traveled with were gone." Blackie always planned to write a multi-volume history of their underground subculture spanning a century, complete with 611 biographies of men who spent their lives on the rails. The book wasn't written, but there are hours of oral history tapes at Columbia and New York University and he can be heard at the vagabond exhibit at the California State Railroad Museum in Sacramento (don't know if the exhibit's still there). A memorable story and song by U. Utah Phillips is all about him.
When Blackie died in Twentynine Palms during 1984 he was 57 and buried in the Joshua Tree Cemetery. Later "True West" magazine did an article about his life and there was a mention in the social column of the Marion Ohio newspaper, Blackie having been born in that town. But apparently only a single paper in the nation printed an actual obituary for him.
It was the Press Democrat.
* Some claim there was a difference between "tramps" and "hoboes," but I don't see any distinction in reading the original sources. According to the Oxford Etymologist blog, the origin and meaning of "hobo" is unknown but it first appeared around 1890 in the American West. Locally it can be spotted in a 1893 Petaluma Morning Courier item that also used "tramp" in the same paragraph. A filler the following year in the Sonoma Democrat stated "hobo" originated with French Canadians living in the upper Midwest, an explanation which now seems to have been forgotten. My interpretation is that the names reflect how itinerants supplanted walking (the verb "tramp") with riding the rails in the 1890s as the main means of travel. Consistently, however, "bum" was used as a derogatory name for drunks and drug addicts.
ABOVE: Chicago hobo jungle, 1931, photographer unknown. Photo Calumet412.com
Give Them a Meal. — Owing to a failure of crops in most of the counties south of San Francisco, very many persons are thrown out of employment. Many of them are now in this section of the State seeking work, and they are generally designated "tramps." From the fact that there are every year some persons strolling about the country pretending to be hunting work but really trying to make a living without having to work for it, the name of tramp has become one of opprobrium, and should not be applied to very many now in this and counties adjoining. Many of these are honest, respectable men, who, by the misfortunes that have befallen them, are compelled to ask for any work that will afford them a living; and whilst it behooves our people to exercise some discrimination as to whom they employ, they will do great injustice by treating all as common tramps and refusing to give them work. And we do hope that whenever application is made for enough work at least to pay for a meal of victuals that the meal at least may not be denied even though there be no work needed. Those who are unworthy may under such pretext obtain their meals, but it is better to give ten meals to the unworthy than to deny one to an honest man who really needs it and is willing to work for it.
– Sonoma Democrat, June 16 1877
Blair Hart, who is working with a hay press on the farm of Sam. Agnew, in Sonoma, had his valise stolen from his camp last Tuesday evening by a tramp. The valise contained an Odd Fellows gold pin, some clothing, and two certificates of deposit issued by the Bank of Sonoma valley, one for $120 and the other for $145.
Affray at Sonoma.
Last Sunday afternoon about four o'clock, in Sonoma city, Herman Loux, proprietor of the Rail Road Saloon, shot Wm. Moore, a vagabond who had been lying about town for some time. It appears that Moore, being intoxicated, entered the saloon and immediately commenced a series of aggressive insults upon the barkeeper and the inmates. After knocking down an Indian the drunken man seized Mr. Loux by the throat and was doing his utmost to choke him. The proprietor after retreating as far as possible, reached behind the counter and grasping a pistol shot his assailant in the pit of the stomach. It is thought that the wound will prove fatal. Loux was arrested and a preliminary examination took place last Tuesday, in which he was held to answer with bail fixed in the sum of $5.000. He furnished sureties for his appearance on May 3d, when the examination will take place.
– Sonoma Democrat, April 23 1881
A Dangerous Vagabond.
Monday afternoon a badly intoxicated young man made himself very conspicuous in the neighborhood of the depot, rushing about with an open razor in his hand with which he said he intended to cut the tail off of every dog in Santa Rosa. He did not confine his blood thirsty attentions to the canine race either, but chased a number of small boys and girls who came in his neighborhood, threatening to cut them all to pieces and badly frightening several. Constable J. J. Lowery finally appeared on the scene and found the drunken fool chasing a cow all around a vacant lot. with the laudable intention of treating her in the same manner as he purposed serving the dogs. When he discovered the officer approaching, he turned upon him savagely, rushing toward him with the razor open in his hand and apparently meaning business. Our friend Jake, however, had no intention of allowing himself to be slashed up to gratify anybody, and when the desperado came within reach he treated him to a blow over the head with his club which laid him out and for the time being rendered him harmless. He was conveyed to the lock-up and left there to get sober. No one appears to know the fellow's name, but he is said to have "beaten" his way out here all the way from Chicago, and in that case is no doubt a character of the worst type. At the commencement of his spree he had a couple of companions, who also imbibed sufficient "firewater" to render them excessively jolly, though they did not apparently share in his tail-cutting propensities. One of them was subsequently found in the bed of the creek, soundly slumbering in a drunken snooze, and was forthwith carried to the same mansion of rest in which his companion was reposing.
– Sonoma Democrat, March 3 1883
TRAMPS.
We are told that there are twenty-five thousand idle white men in California, fifteen thousand of whom are in the city of San Francisco, and ten thousand scattered through the State. These men, with few exceptions are in destitute circumstances and are compelled to move from place to place in search of employment, and those who do not find it are indiscriminately classed as tramps, and set down as a worthless set of vagabonds and treated as such. They are looked upon as little better than thieves, and are driven from the doors of houses where they apply for food to keep them from starving, as if they were dogs. There is something in this that is revolting to our mind—this lumping of the good and bad together and making the innocent suffer for the sins of the guilty. There are many bad men among them no doubt, but when their number is considered, the amount of crime committed by them is very small indeed. No one wishes to be unjust, but the great difficulty is in discriminating. It is often impossible to tell who is worthy and who is not, and the result is that all are treated alike. The effect of this is the manufacture of criminals out of men whose natural impulses are good. Driven from people's doors, treated as vagabonds and thieves, rudely snatched up by officers and thrown into prison as vagrants,naked and starving, is it strange if they learn to hate their fellow men and become the enemies of society? There is one remedy for this cruel state of affairs and only one. The Chinese must go.
– Sonoma Democrat, November 28 1885
About Tramps
The question, "What shall be done with the tramps," has been frequently asked within the past week and a half, and Thursday morning our reporter heard the City Marshal remark something to the same effect. "Arrest them, and lock them up for a few months," some one said. "We can't do it, there are too many of them," replied the Marshal, and he went on to state that there were fifty tramps encamped on the creek bottom Wednesday night. The creek was dotted with camp fires from the E-street bridge to the cannery, with here three and there five in a group, watching intently the contents of a mysterious iron pot which swung over the flames. The correct analysis of many a serious doubt might have been found in the bottom of their iron kettles. During the afternoon of Wednesday and the forenoon of Thursday, the side streets were almost thronged with these creatures, going from house to house, begging what they could and stealing where the chance offered. And yet this annoyance has no antidote; the County Jail would be inadequate to the demands made upon it were they all arrested, and in many cases nothing could be proven against them, and ladies do not wish to come into a police court and swear that such and such a man came a begging at their doors, and without some such positive proof they cannot be convicted of being tramps or vags.
– Sonoma Democrat, September 4 1886
An Officer Visits the Tramps.
Officer Charles made a tour of investigation through the willows along the creek in search of the festive tramp Thursday afternoon and evening, but only succeeded in finding nine, two of whom seemed to bo honest working men, the balance however, were as tough looking characters as one can well imagine. The two referred to were busy cooking dinner when visited by the officer, while the seven were scattered around their camp fire in sundry attitudes or laziness and. comfort. All nodded pleasantly at the approach of the officer, questioned him regarding the winter accommodations of the County Jail, number of meals served a day, associations, society, etc. All seemed disappointed on learning there was no library for the use of winter guests, and thought they would prefer the Stockton Jail, where they had been told the prisoners were allowed to attend church once on Sunday, and ail holidays were observed with an extra bill of fare. The officer was invited to join them at their camp fire and give them some idea of the class of citizens populating Santa Rosa. He declined the invitation, but complied with the request in a manner that would somewhat surprise some of our peace-loving citizens. He portrayed them as fire eaters of the most ferocious character that would not hesitate a moment in taking a shot at a midnight visitor to their hen roost or summer kitchen. His account of our people was delivered in such an unassuming, matter-of-fact way that the creatures around the fire were almost ready to believe it, and when be concluded by saying that there was some talk of organizing a vigilance committee, they were about ready to evacuate this neighborhood, and were profuse in their protestations of their peaceable intentions. After a few remarks of kindred nature he strolled on, and came upon another group of four, distributed in picturesque attitudes around the smouldering embers of what had once been a campfire, surrounded by suspicious looking carcasses, which he was afterwards informed were the frames of rabbits. This party was more reticent and less inclined to be jocose with the arm of the law. A little further on he came upon another party of three, all of whom were young men, none of them being over thirty years of age, and large, able-bodied fellows. They told him they had been unable to get work and were just starting out for Oregon, where they intended to take up land and become ranchers on a large scale. The spokesman of the party said that his father and family were in England and well to do, and were distantly connected with the Royal family; he had come to this country on a walking tour, and meeting his companions at the Bella Union, San Francisco, had accepted their invitation to do this county; he had been much impressed with the country they had passed over so far and on returning to his native land would publish a book descriptive of Sonoma county, it resources, wealth and industry, and above all things the romantic scenery along the meandering course of Santa Rosa creek. Another one of the party said that he was at one time a Bank Commissioner, that being unable to support his family on the small salary, had retired and was en route for the Geysers, where he was summering his family. Number three of the party stated that he was an artist and was sketching the scenery along the trip for his friend, the Englishman's book, and would like to sketch the officer's profile for a frontispiece. He stated that before the last Presidential election be had been employed on the Judge, but being unable to caricature President Cleveland was bounced for his inability. Altogether the officer was royally entertained at this bivouac, and wishing the merry party a good day he repaired to his regular beat within the borders of civilization.
– Sonoma Democrat, September 18 1886
Tramps Again.
The tramp nuisance seems to be daily on the increase. On Monday evening one called at the side door of the residence of a prominent citizen on Fourth street, and in a very impudent manner demanded his supper. The lady of the house did not feel like complying with his demand, when he began using threatening language and acted as though he intended coming into the house. The husband, hearing what was going on, came to the door and asked the tramp what he wanted, when he replied that he wanted his supper, in a tone which showed that if it was refused him he would come in and help himself. The master of the house, not caring to dally with the fellow any longer, picked a hatchet up and told him to get away just as quick as —- would let him. He went. This tramp seems to be one of the most cheeky of those who have been foraging in this town for the last two weeks. He has achieved a kind of reputation around in the localities where he has begged for food. He always claims to be in a state of starvation, not having eaten anything for three days. One family, who gave him a good supper, took sufficient interest in his exploits to put a detective on his track in the shape of their little son. The boy heard him tell the same yarn at several other places. When a good warm supper was temptingly set before him, he always did justice to it, generally managing to stow away something behind his blouse for his brave comrades. When he was simply given a cold lunch, however, he preserved the whole, and added it to the collection under his coat, which he in time deposited with his friends who were camped out by the creek, anxiously and tenderly awaiting his arrival.
An Uninvited Guest.
When policeman Mead went off watch at 5 o'clock Saturday morning and arrived at his room in the Santa Rosa House, he found a strange man in his bed. The man proved to be a tramp who had sneaked in and up to the first vacant room. The sight of the officer paralyzed Mr. Tramp and he evacuated without taking his spare garments.
Officer Gardner Shoots a Tramp.
Policemen Gardner and Mead had a very lively and interesting time in arresting four tramps, and landing them in the City Prison Saturday night. There were five in the party when first discovered in the lumber yard, where they were engaged in drinking beer and carousing generally. Policeman Gardner apprehended trouble and at half past eight they sallied forth, and solicited his brother officer's assistance, On arriving at Tom Duffey's saloon they found the tramps had moved further up town and were then busily engaged taking Mr. Duffey's saloon by storm. They had succeeded in driving him to the sidewalk, where the officers found him standing, after having broken a dollar's worth of glasses in trying to maintain his ground behind the bar. It was what would be termed in common parlance a tough crowd, and the officers knew what to expect and were not disappointed. They succeeded in conducting their prisoners as far as the corner of Fourth and A streets when one of the number broke away from Gardner and started down the street at as high a rate of speed as his cargo of liquor would allow. Turning over the balance of the prisoners to Mead and his assistant Gardner started in pursuit, and after calling to his man to stop several time, fired three shots, the last taking effect in the right arm of the fleeing tramp. This checked his speed somewhat and he was captured, when it was found that the arm was in a shattered condition. The four prisoners were lodged in the City Prison and their wounded comrade was taken to the County Hospital where his wounds received the proper attention.
– Sonoma Democrat, January 15 1887
TRAMPS OF HIGH AND LOW DEGREE.– There are quite a number of tramps in Petaluma just now. Some of them are high toned fellows, others are low bred. One of the latter rang the door-bell of the writer the other evening, just at dusk and when the door was opened made the demand. "Give me something to eat!" He was given leave to "take a walk." Another of the Argus proprietors had a call from one of the tony class whose neat apparel and suavity of manners was such as to secure him his dinner, without any hint, either expressed or implied, that he could take a little manual exercise in the wood house in liquidation for the same. Moral – It even pays tramps to be polite.
– Petaluma Weekly Argus, January 29 1887
How they get Drunk.
The question is often asked how the tramps, who never do anything in the way of remunerative labor, manage to get enough to purchase liquor with which to get drunk. As they are never found in such a condition alone, but in bands of six and a dozen, it would certainly take $4 or $5 to fill them up. The secret is simple, if one may judge from the frequency of their sprees. One of the police force who has had much experience with this class says, that 25 cents serves to intoxicate ten of the hardest drinkers of their fraternity. The two-bit piece is expended for alcohol, from which they can manufacture a gallon of powerful spirits with the aid of tobacco and a root which grows wild on the commons. Hence it is that the professional tramp seldom asks tor more than 25 cents.
– Sonoma Democrat, February 5 1887
H. H. Atwater is ordinarily good natured and willing to furnish his share of provisions to tramps, provided they ask him to hand it out and be the judge of what they shall have. On Tuesday morning he was somewhat "riled" to find his cellar cleared of almost everything in the eating line. They had sat down and eaten a hearty meal from cooked provisions and strawberries – washing it down with some fine old sherry – and then filling a market basket with what best suited them. Mr. Atwater is like the preacher who was glad to get his hat back from an unappreciative congregation – he don't want anything back but the basket.
– Petaluma Weekly Argus, May 14 1887
The tramps who have been stopping at the railroad bridge for the past few months, living high on fish and potatoes, have gently folded their tents and crawled into Jim Matthew's barn to wait till the rain is over.
– Petaluma Weekly Argus, November 17 1888
We have entirely too many vagabonds in this city and vicinity. The good hearted people will have to quit feeding them or be overrun. It is mistaken charity to give alms to big, strong fellows who are too lazy to work.
– Petaluma Weekly Argus, December 1 1888
FOOTPADS AND BURGLARS.
The efforts of the officers to bring the perpetrators of the numerous robberies of recent occurrence to justice, are deserving of commendation. Thursday afternoon Marshal Lowrey and Policeman Jones arrested a man found camping in a sheltered and partially-concealed hollow under the lea of the creek bank, about a half mile beyond Appleby's saloon on the Sonoma road. The camp presented a neat and tidy appearance somewhat foreign to the bivouac of the average tramp, and was well stocked with provisions. Its presence was detected by a thin wreath of smoke seen curling skyward above the tops of the fringing willows and which proved to have its origin in a fire burning at the door of a small tent. The man was somewhat startled on seeing the officers, but soon regained his composure and assumed to take their visit as a matter of course. After making a few inquiries and a hasty examination of the camp, the officers invited the man to take a seat in the buggy with them and visit the Sheriff's office. He demurred a little, but attempted no resistance. On arriving at the Sheriff's office a search was made of his garments and a small bag which had been picked up on leaving the camp was examined. On his person were found a good silver watch, a jack knife, a looking-glass in a Russian leather case, some cosmetics and a few other trinkets valuable only to the owner. The bag was found to contain a complete change of woolen underwear of good texture, several towels and napkins and two or three of those pieces of linen so essential to an infant's wardrobe. While his effects were being inspected the man exhibited no signs of alarm or nervousness, and merely requested, as he was being taken into the jail, that good care be taken of his watch. He will be held for a few days to await the result of a further investigation of the camp and its surroundings.
Windsor Burglaries.
From the latest Windsor occurrence, it seems that Santa Rosa is not monopolizing the attention of the tramp thieves which are apparently infesting this part of the county. On Friday night the store of J. J. Lindsay was broken into and a valuable lot of merchandise stolen. Fortunately the thieves, in their haste or inexperience, overlooked the money drawer which contained quite an amount of coin. On the same night, King's saloon was robbed. The loss, in this instance amounted to only $5 in money and a few quarts of liquor. The Windsor people are considerably alarmed and willing to endorse the opinion generally entertained, that a band of organized footpads has located in this part of the county. A reward of $130 has been offered for the capture of the thieves.
Tramps are becoming quite numerous around town. Extra care should be taken of valuables, as they are a light fingered set of gentry.
– Santa Rosa Democrat, August 9 1889
Killed by the Cars.
A tramp, supposed to be Fred Schmidt who recently served a short sentence for vagrancy in the County Jail, was killed by the cars near Glen Ellen Thursday evening. As the evening train was nearing Glen Ellen, Engineer Brown saw the man on the track a short distance ahead of the locomotive and just about to cross a trestle. The man had apparently heard the approaching train and was hurrying to get across the trestle. Several shrill blasts were blown on the whistle, but they had no other effect than to make the man increase his speed. When near the middle of the trestle he slipped between the ties and being unable to regain his feet or make his escape by jumping, the cow-catcher of the swiftly-moving locomotive caught him and rolled his crushed and mangled body along the track for a distance of eighty feet before the train could be stopped. The top of the skull was torn off and the face was a mass of splintered bone and mangled flesh. The clothing was torn to shreds and the body was crushed in a frightful manner. A jury was impaneled by Coroner Tivnen Friday morning and the inquest was held in Glen Ellen. The investigation resulted in a complete exoneration of Engineer Brown who had been arrested on charge of manslaughter and a verdict was rendered in accordance with the facts as above stated.
Sonoma Democrat, August 17 1889
Wednesday, Sept. 4, 1889. Mr. Davis introduced a preamble and resolution, setting forth the growing intolerance of the tramp nuisance in the State and the expense entailed on the county by the centralization of that element of society at the county-seat, and resolving that after the passage of the motion all tramps and vagrants confined in the County Jail be fed only good wholesome bread and water during the period of their incarceration. The motion was carried by a four to one vote, the negative vote being cast by Mr. Smith.
The tramp nuisance in this part of the State is becoming more and more serious in its import. The little jail in Napa contains forty-three of the gentry.
Casey, the vagabond who attempted to steal Will Polson's horse one day last week, was liberated by the authorities soon after his arrest. No charge had been preferred against him, and he could not he held without an accusation.
Officer Yoho has a veritable tramp trap in the box cars at the Southern Pacific station. He has secured no less than four from that quarter during this month.
– Santa Rosa Democrat, December 31 1890
C. Crowfoot, the constable of Glen Ellen, was robbed of $97, Tuesday night, by a tramp who had begged a night's lodging.
A Tramp Printer.
Harry Watson, a tramp printer, who subbed a few nights on the Democrat and subsequently held the position of pressman on the Petaluma Courier, is wanted by the officers of the law on charge of defrauding the Union Pacific Railway Company out of a ticket. Watson has quite a remarkable history. It is alleged, so the Petaluma Imprint says, that in Butte City he was arrested for arson, for setting fire to a printing office. About eight years ago he deserted his wife and family in Monterey. He had once lived in Monterey and run a paper there known us the News…
– Sonoma Democrat, August 23 1890
Struck by a Locomotive.
A tramp was brought to the county hospital, the other day, suffering from a fracture of the right thigh, sustained by coming in violent contact with a locomotive near Fulton. He is supposed to have been asleep on the track at the time he was struck, and his escape from instant death was almost miraculous. His body was thrown several feet into the air, and landed on an embankment quite a distance from the track. Though badly battered up, Dr. Shearer thinks he will recover.
There is no doubt that tramp life prevails more extensively in California than in any other State in the union, but the reasons are not confined exclusively to the glorious climate as so many suppose. While it is true that the climate of this State offers some inducements tor this kind of vagabondism, there is another reason why so many respectable farm laborers are naturally led to follow a rambling nomadic existence. It is an undoubted fact that on some of the large ranches in the interior of the State, the farm hands do not receive the attention that the farmers in other States give to their stock. The houses provided for their accommodation are little better than sheds in many cases and the men are crowded into them like sheep in a freight pen, and are compelled to sleep in bunks filled with musty straw or take their blankets and go outside. The itinerant farm hand in California is forced to carry his own blankets or put up with all manner of inconveniences, and it is but a step to professional vagabondism. It may be that the owners of the large farms are unable to look more after the accommodations of their men, when during the busy season it is necessary to employ so many, but it seems that an effort could be made to separate the respectable, hard-working farmer lads from the Chinamen, and professional tramps. Many young men go from the coast counties to the interior to work during the harvest, and none know better than they how vile the accommodations are in most cases.
– Sonoma Democrat, July 25 1891
A lady remonstrated with a tramp who called three times in one day at her house. He explained matters by saying he was accustomed to three meals a day.
– Sonoma Democrat, March 12 1892
The south-bound freight Wednesday evening ran into a tramp lying in a drunken sleep on the trestle of the upper bridge, north of Petaluma. The sleeping beauty was lying lengthwise with the track, and was thrown over the rail by the cow-catcher. The train was stopped and an examination disclosed the fact that the victim of the catastrophe had received no injury of a serious nature. The sleeper made an indignant protest at the rude manner in which his slumber had been disturbed, and was left to finish his nap.— Courier.
– Sonoma Democrat, April 9 1892
The five boys arrested for stoning a tramp, Wednesday afternoon, were fined $5 each by Justice Seawell Thursday. Three vags arrested in Yandle's barn Monday night wore sentenced to five days in jail by Justice Brown Tuesday. Two Italians were fined $4.80 each by Justice Seawell Thursday morning for having slept in a box car the night before.
The board of supervisors of this county have made an offset to the offense they committed in reducing the salary of the horticultural commissioner so that work to him was, unprofitable, by reducing the diet of the tramp to bread and water. The tramps formerly flocked to our county and were happy inside the jail. In fact, one loafer threw a stone through a bank window and found access to jail in that manner. Now, however, the number of free boarders is gratifyingly small and the hobos make a big circuit when Sonoma befronts them in their wanderings.
– Petaluma Morning Courier, February 21 1893
A Remedy for Tramps.
The Board of Supervisors of Sonoma county are bricks. They have solved the tramp nuisance problem. At their meeting this month they passed an order directing the sheriff to hereafter feed all tramps confined in the county jail on bread and water only. Necessity brought about the order, flavored as it is with a taint of the dark ages. Sonoma county got a reputation abroad for the splendid manner in which it fed its prisoners. The consequence was that tramps flocked to that county from far and wide. It did not take them long to find their way into the county hotel, and the longer they were booked for the broader were their smiles as they walked into the sheriff's kitchen. Every tramp in the State will know within a week of the change in the bill of fare in the hobo department of the Sonoma county jail, and it is safe to say they will make a circuit around that county in their pilgrimages to the northern part of the State and return. The action of those supervisors will probably prove as effective as it is novel. —Tulare Times.
– Sonoma Democrat, February 25 1893
Walter C. Taylor, of Portsmouth, 0., writes "The Record" that he read in a recent issue of this paper an explanation offered by one of the Coxey tramps as to the origin of the word "hobo," and believes it to have been incorrect. Mr. Taylor says that the word "hobo" has long been in use in the West among the floating crowds of roughs. The term "hobos" had its origin among the French Canadians of Western Wisconsin, Minnesota and the Dakotas, and has for many years been a current slang expression there to designate rough characters or tramps, Next!
– Sonoma Democrat May 19 1894
Floating Population.
The town has been full of hobos this week, fresh from the hop fields and orchards where they have earned a few dollars which they are not anxious to spend for necessities. There is nothing the genuine hobo likes better than to get drunk and be idle. Several have been arrested by the peace officers, and some are now under orders to leave the city at once. One big stalwart "dago" looking fellow who has been peddling little trinkets without a license has been known to beg his meals and have money in his pockets at the same time. In a few weeks more they will leave Sonoma county on their annual pilgrimage to the southern part of the state where amid the orange groves and lemon orchards they will wander until locked up in some jail for the winter.
– Petaluma Daily Morning Courier September 26 1894
The Tramps.
Santa Rosa had her full share of tramps and vagrants this week. For some time these vagabonds have been holding camp along the Santa Rosa creek, but the floods have driven them out and they are flocking into town.
Last night the officers arrested thirteen. These were marched to the limits of the town today and ordered to leave and never return.
The officers decided that they will not feed any more tramps. As soon as arrested they will be imprisoned, but no meals will be given.
There have been a number of very hard characters arrested lately. the officers had a big battle with three, and were required to use a heavy club and do some shooting to intimidate them.
The authorities are determined that the town shall not be overrun by vagrants, and very vigorous measures are being taken against them. A number of buildings have been broken into recently and the people are considerably alarmed.
– Petaluma Daily Morning Courier, January 11 1895
Petaluma Infested.
The tramp army has made a recent march on Petaluma, and at present show no signs of evacuating. The hordes of unemployed that were unloaded on this place from Sacramento have begun to scatter, and neighboring towns are now overrun with the tramp element.
A Daring Act.
As a Democrat reporter stood at the Donahue depot Saturday he saw a dilapidated looking man of the genus tramp perform a clever feat, which was also dangerous in the extreme. The train was leaving the depot when the tramp ran along the off-side and swung out over the brakebeam of the smoker and got on the trucks. He forgot to waive a last adieu to the reporter, who was so lost in wonder that his eyes fairly bulged out.
– Sonoma Democrat, October 19 1895
A MULTITUDE AT SEBASTOPOL
People Honor the Cause of Bryan and Silver.
It is Estimated Five Thousand Crowd the Gold Ridge City.
HOBOS HAVE A TIME.
As soon as the people had commenced leaving their positions at the boards which served the double purpose of a fence to keep the crowd beck from where the carvers were at work and a table over which they received the meat handed oat by the waiters — this sort of a corral was invaded by an army of hobos, some with sacks, others with pockets long, lean and lank, and all with an unsatisfied hunger which Weary Waggles and Dusty Rhodes have a faculty of carrying about with them. This army invaded the corral, and when they left an army of locusts could not have made a cleaner sweep. It is said that at least two hundred of them had encamped on the laguna within the last few days in anticipation of a feast.
ONLY A TRAMP.
"Hobos arrested" This is the title of a news article in a late Grass Valley paper. There is no day that the story it chronicles is not told in other papers in every county in the state.
A "hobo" is a tramp.
A tramp is a man without home, or money, or employment, or friends that are able to give him food and shelter.
Sometimes the tramp is a woman; but generally women who otherwise would be tramps escape the hardships, the perils, the contumely, the hopeless hoping against hope, the endless despair of a tramp's life by some forbidden route out of the world, or accept in lieu of them a crueler and deadlier destiny.
The tramp is a vagabond on the face of the earth. Every man's hand is against him — not every woman's, thank God! The laws proscribe him. The officers of the law hunt him down — for the fees that are in him! Footsore, weary, hungry, sick at heart, with a pauper's rags concealing his nakedness, turning always from a hopeless past to a more hopeless future! Only a tramp! Drive him from the door! Send for the constable! In prison he will have time to think of the mother at whose knee he lisped infantile prayers ever so long ago, of the bride of his early manhood, of the little children who dwindled away and died because he was denied the opportunity to earn food for them!
Only a tramp! But he is somebody's son. He was born to something better. His axe was once heard in the forest. His cheerful voice once urged his team afield. His hammer once made merry music on the anvil. Singing like the lark he once rose with the lark and went amain to earn his bread in the sweat of his brow at whatever came to willing hands. What a distance between those happy days agone and this day of shame and suffering and sorrow setting in the darkness of endless night!
Is it the tramp's fault that he is a tramp? Let those who have made the laws which make the tramp answer on their conscience as they will have to answer at God's great day of judgment. Is it the tramp's fault that the government has taken a large percentage of his earnings to support contractors, office-holders, and bond-holders? Is it the tramp's fault that protective legislation has enabled privileged manufacturers to increase their swollen profits by the appropriation of a considerable part of his earnings to their own uses? Is it the tramp's fault that the producers of all the necessaries of life have been permitted to unite in great trusts and thus enabled to exact from his earnings the excessive gains which have made them millionaires? Is it the tramp's fault that the finances of the country have been so managed by foreign and domestic money lenders as to paralyze industrial enterprise and shut altogether from employment two millions of men who are willing to work and want to work and are driven to the highway by tens of thousands because they are denied the right to work?
The tramp is sometimes a woman. Three days ago, two respectable women in Oakland, unable to find any kind of employment, after pawning their last articles of value for $3, "took the county road as common tramps." "They have agreed not to beg, borrow, or steal," the story goes, but will exchange work for food and shelter. "Of course if we can get steady work we will stay with it as long as it lasts," said one of them. Brave women! Too brave to go to the Bay, Too brave to go to the brothel. Brave enough to take the road! Brave enough to be tramps! But when disappointments come — when they can't exchange work for food and lodging — when the justice and the constable mark them for fees — when the jail opens to them as tramps — then what? God help the tramps!
Judicial Leniency.
Michael Henry appeared before Justice Brown Wednesday to show cause, if any he had, why he should not be summarily dealt with, under a charge of vagrancy. After he had told his little tale of woe and plead for mercy, his honor very considerately sentenced him to ten days' imprisonment in the county jail. Working the prisoners in the chain gang is giving the tourist hobo a wholesome dread of Sonoma county.
WHEN JAPAN BOMBED SONOMA COUNTY
SEBASTOPOL'S CHINATOWNS
THE WORLD ACCORDING TO HOBOES
THE DEAD GIRL AT FOUNTAINGROVE
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Brent E Anderson on THE FORGOTTEN GREAT FIRE OF 1870
Steve Sproul on PG&E: THINGS WE HATE ABOUT YOU
Walker Kegg on THE 1964 HANLY FIRE
Catherine Tripp on PG&E: THINGS WE HATE ABOUT YOU
Jeff Elliott on HOW WE LOST THE COURTHOUSE
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Earlier this season, we took a look at how players from the California Winter League were doing during the regular season.
Now, we have updates provided by the Arizona Winter League on their players as well.
Manny Arciniega – Signed by the Gary Southshore Railcats (AA), played 11 games with a 4.67 ERA in 17.1 innings. Now with the Lake Erie Crushers (Frontier), 11 games with a 3.55 ERA in 25.1 innings.
7 of those players have already committed to the Desert League and will be reporting to Camp September 14th. It will be interesting as to how they compare independent leagues.
The Arizona Winter League actually provided you with it? If so, why? They're sort of saying that, for the most part, their guys aren't good enough to play in any of the major 4 indy leagues.
Yeah… they sent this over to me after I did my own with the California Winter League. I was wondering the same thing… it is a pretty poor list.


text:
Support Coordinator
Homebased, West Hampshire with regular travel across the service area
Circa £11,880 per annum (full time equivalent £23,100 per annum)
Charities, Advice, Disability, Social care, Elderly care, Volunteer management, Adult care, Family support, Health, Learning difficulties, Physical disabilities
Part-remote option
This is an exciting opportunity to work with stroke survivors and their families to support them following stroke. We're looking for an enthusiastic, motivated and professional individuals with excellent communication and organisational skills to join the Communication Support Service across Hampshire.
Position: Stroke Support Coordinator
Location: Homebased, West Hampshire with regular travel across the service area
Hours: Part-time, 18 hours per week
Salary: Circa £11,880 per annum (full time equivalent £23,100 per annum)
Contract: Permanent. Services are contracted and there is currently funding for this contract until 31 March 2023
Benefits: 25 days' annual leave plus bank holidays (this will increase with service up to 30 days, full time equivalent) cashback and discount scheme, employee assistance programme, learning and development, pension scheme, Life Assurance, Eye Care vouchers, Long Service Award, Tax-free childcare, Health Cash Plan, Working Pattern Agreement, flexible working opportunities available.
Interview Date: To be confirmed
Due to the Covid-19 pandemic interviews may be held via video conferencing. Please let us know if this will present any challenges when you email your application
Reporting to the Service Delivery Coach, the Stroke Support Coordinator will:
Identify and support the needs of stroke survivors and carers across the stroke pathway.
Provide a range of innovative support solutions to support them to meet their desired outcomes.
Providing practical advice and emotional support in relation to communication impairment.
Supporting changes in communication and engaging people in language use.
Be accountable for volunteers, so experience of recruiting, training and managing volunteers would be an advantage.
The Stroke Support Coordinator will have experience/background in:
A caring professional ideally with experience of supporting people with disabilities
Setting up and running communication groups
Please submit your CV and a covering letter of no more than two pages demonstrating how you meet the person specification and what you bring to the role in terms of your skills and experience, stating reference S813.
You will have excellent IT skills and demonstrate a flexible approach to your role.
This role is home based, but extensive travel is required across West Hampshire and occasionally further afield.
The use of a car with business use cover and the ability to drive is essential to be able to fulfil the requirements of the role.
To full fill the role you abode within the U.K and you must have the right to work in the U.K
When stroke strikes, part of your brain shuts down. And so does a part of you. That's because a stroke happens in the brain, the control centre for who we are and what we can do. It happens every five minutes in the UK and changes lives instantly. Recovery is tough, but with the right specialist support and a ton of courage and determination, the brain can adapt.
Everyone deserves to live the best life they can after stroke. And it's a team effort to get there.
The charity provides specialist support, funds critical research and campaigns to make sure people affected by stroke get the very best care and support to rebuild their lives.
The organisation is working to improve the diversity of the team. Because individuality leads to a richer experience for its people and better support for those affected by stroke.
People from all backgrounds are strongly encouraged to apply. And particularly applications from those with lived experience of stroke and those from under-represented communities.
Every five minutes, stroke destroys lives. Help rebuild them and join the team.
In 2019, the charity developed a bold new corporate strategy so that they can rebuild more lives after stroke and make a bigger difference to people's lives. To help deliver the strategy and make a real difference, we are looking to recruit talented people to a number of new roles. If you would like to support stroke survivors to rebuild their lives, we want to hear from you!
You may also have experience in areas such as Care Coordinator, Stroke Support, Stroke, Care, Care Worker, Support Worker, Carer, Care Team Leader, Support Team Leader, Volunteering Manager, Volunteer Coordinator, Support Group, Support and Advice, Social Care, Carer Support, Support Service, Vulnerable Adult, Social Care and Support Officer, Rehabilitation Coordinator, Volunteering Manager, Care and Support Officer, Social Care Worker, Health, Health Care, Support Worker, Care Worker, Social Care Support Worker, Residential Support Worker, Relief Support Worker, Support Worker Disabilities, Day Centre Support Worker, Rehabilitation Support Worker, Night Support Worker, Stroke Support Worker, Disability, Disability Support, Stroke.
We are Not-For-Profit People.
We recruit exclusively for organisations in the challenging Not-For-Profit sector. We're fully behind the charities and bodies that aim to change the world – one project at a time. Whether you're seeking exceptional leaders, committed staff or a combination of the two, you probably want to know exactly how we're different and why it matters to you. We don't do business as usual. We deliver a recruitment solution that replaces clunky, costly, contracted processes with a single, seamless solution.
http://www.nfp-people.co.uk/
VIKING BUSINESS CENTRE
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Relief Support Worker
Salford, Greater Manchester
Kendal, Cumbria
Rugeley, Staffordshire

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


State secretary for security holds a seminar on preventing conflict Radio Televisaun Timor Leste 27 October 2009 State Secretary for Security has held one-day-seminar on Monday (26/10) at the office of Oe-cusse district administration. The seminar is held to prevent conflict in the grass root.
Baukau district administrator suspended from his post Radio Televisaun Timor Leste 27 October 2009 Administrator of Baukau district has been suspended from his post, due to he is suspected of being engaged in the miss use of money of the local development project.
State secretary for security has no proper policy to pay debt: Fretilin Radio Televisaun Timor Leste 27 October 2009 MP Inacio Moreira from Fretilin said the State Secretary for Security had no proper policy to pay debts of Tiger Fuel Company, as so far there was no payment to the referred debt.
JSMP independently makes claims to Court of Appeal Diario Nacional 27 October 2009 The Judicial System Monitoring Program (JSMP) has independently made constitutional claims to the Court of Appeal regarding the recent release of the ex-militia commander, Maternus Bere from the prison.


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Rab's Narvik Jacket extremely waterproof and highly breathable, designed for energetic hill walking and alpine hiking.
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Ultrasonography is a commonly used diagnostic tool for diagnosis if appendicitis, along with Doppler sonography as they are very useful. Ultrasonography can show collection of free fluid in right iliac fossa along with a visible appendix and without blood flow in color Doppler, especially in children and helpful in diagnosing appendicitis. But in approximately 15% of cases Ultrasonography may not show any abnormality (in the right lower quadrant of abdomen known as iliac fossa) despite presence of appendicitis in those patients. Normal right iliac fossa in Ultrasonography (despite presence of appendicitis) may be due to larger amounts of fat and bowel gas in adults, which make actually visualizing the appendix technically difficult and in case of early appendicitis, before the appendix has become significantly distended. Despite these shortcomings, Ultrasonography can be very useful in detecting appendicitis and differentiating it from other diseases with similar symptoms such as inflammation of lymph nodes, pain originating from other pelvic organs such as the ovaries or fallopian tubes etc., especially in an experienced hand.
CT scan is frequently used for diagnosis of appendicitis, these days, where it is available, especially in atypical cases and in case Ultrasonography has missed the diagnosis. But CT scan should not be used in case of pregnant women and in children due to risk of radiation. If properly done CT can detect appendicitis in more than 95% and with accuracy (95% specificity). In case of appendicitis, there is absence of oral dye in appendix and in IV dye/contrast there is enhancement of wall of appendix. The enlargement of appendix can be easily detected and measured by CT.
In one study report in Massachusetts General Hospital the chance of finding a normal appendix at surgery was 20% before CT scan became available and came down to 3% after introduction of CT for diagnosis of appendicitis.
CT scan is better than Ultrasonography for diagnosis of appendicitis, especially for adults and adolescents, as CT scan is more accurate in diagnosis. CT scan has sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 95%, whereas Ultrasonography has sensitivity of 86% and specificity of 81%.


Fazenda Saquarema is and estate farm, owned by Luiz "Nam" Reis. Nam takes pride in being one of very few certified organic farms in an area dominated by conventional farms. Like most Brazilian farms, the coffee is grown in full sun.


The truth is, however, that the administration has made very little serious effort to advance what has been one of the president's favorite talking points over the past few years. This week, American Oversight released its "Audit the Wall" report, which details the administration's lack of legal and financial preparations for carrying out what would be a massive infrastructure project.
In its "Walls Work" press release, which was updated on Thursday, DHS points to the construction of multiple segments of the wall as evidence of its having begun "construction of border wall exceptionally quickly." But as our report notes, that construction largely involved replacing existing fencing, and drew upon previous years' funding. Two miles of new fencing in Southern California, which the administration claimed in October were the first two miles of the new border wall, had actually been planned since 2009 — a fact DHS did not note in its Wednesday release.
Not only has the president failed to secure any funding for his project, the administration has also failed to take a number of critical steps, from making legal preparations for taking private land to engaging with Native Americans who control large portions of the border land, to assessing the irreversible damage that building such a wall would have on the environment.
"The president is threatening to shut down the government over funding for a project that isn't shovel-ready," said American Oversight Executive Director Austin Evers. Our report makes clear that Trump's border-wall claims and demands are little more than a base-placating rhetorical tool — not serious policy.
On Thursday, the Senate voted to withdraw U.S. military support for Saudi Arabia's war in Yemen and unanimously approving a resolution naming Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman as personally responsible for the murder of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. American Oversight is investigating the government's response to Khashoggi's murder and whether it were influenced by Saudi lobbying efforts. The incoming chair of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Rep. Eliot Engel, also plans to investigate Saudi Arabia's influence.
Today, American Oversight filed Freedom of Information Act requests with the Departments of Justice and Homeland Security, seeking information on whether the November midterm elections influenced the administration's response to the mass shooting at a Pittsburgh synagogue or to the news of bombs being sent to multiple Trump critics. Both events happened less than two weeks before Election Day, and Trump blamed them for Republicans' loss of "tremendous momentum." We're asking for any talking points DHS or DOJ prepared or received from the White House regarding the pipe bombs and the Pittsburgh attack.
The Trump administration's rejection of world climate efforts and its embrace of fossil fuels was on full display in Poland earlier this week, when a White House adviser on energy and climate was laughed at during a presentation. The adviser, Wells Griffith, has no experience in energy — we have his resume.
The incoming Congress continues to shed light on its oversight priorities for 2019. Rep. Elijah Cummings, the likely next chair of the House Oversight Committee, said that he plans to investigate the decision to include a citizenship question on the 2020 census. We filed a lawsuit with the NAACP in October for records about the Justice Department's involvement in that decision. And Politico reports that multiple committees are poised to look into Education Secretary Betsy DeVos "over a range of issues such as her rollback of regulations aimed at predatory for-profit colleges, the stalled processing of student loan forgiveness and a rewrite of campus sexual assault policies." American Oversight has been and will continue to be investigating those issues, among others, at the Department of Education.
The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau finally released a suppressed report on the dubious high fees many banks charge college students, possibly in violation of Department of Education rules. Multiple groups, including American Oversight, had requested its release after a CFPB official alluded to its suppression in his resignation letter, which included heavy criticism of the CFPB's leadership under then–Acting Director Mick Mulvaney.
And, of course, more emails.


Replacement straps for spine board Aquam SA-52977 only.
Replacement straps for spine board Aquam SA-52980.
28Lbs, comes with runners on the bottom, 43 cm X 183 cm, comes with the 5 required straps, The part number for the set of 5 straps if you want spares is SA-53310, a heavier board that's easy to grip due to the runners keeping it off the ground.


Brent Henderson, 59 of Lampasas, TX died Sunday September 16, 2018 at his home.
He was born May 5, 1959 in Lampasas, TX to parents William L. Henderson Sr. and Mildred O. (Bradley) Henderson. Brent was a life-long resident of Lampasas. After high school graduation he worked for Guyco and Paul's Electric. He later started his own company, where he specialized in trucking and welding. He had run his company for the last 20 years. Brent enjoyed traveling to different places, riding his motorcycle, shooting, and watching Texas Longhorn football games. He was a member of the First Baptist Church in Kempner.
He is survived by his daughter, Marcia Lynn Opal Bayless and husband Andrew of Colorado; granddaughter, Olivia Bayless of Colorado; sister, Glenna Henderson; brother Bill Henderson and wife Ginger; nieces Michele Maaninga, Tiffany Barton, Cassie Edwards and Crystal Banks; great-nephew, Jay Edwards and great-nieces Karissa, Riley and River Banks. Many friends also survive.
Brent was preceded in death by his parents and his wife Denise.
A memorial service will be held Saturday September 22nd at 11am at Sneed Funeral Chapel. Visitation will begin at 10am. Brent's body will be cremated.


Lord Rennard has written the foreword for a paper 'Action on Delayed Transfer of Care' produced by the British Healthcare Trades Association (BHTA). The paper has been sent to MPs and peers most closely associated with health and disability issues as well as relevant Ministers and civil servants.
One of the issues identified in the paper is how delays in the provision of suitable equipment can mean that too many patients are made to stay in hospital for far longer than necessary. Integrating properly the health and care services is seen as essential to reduce what is commonly known as 'bed blocking'.
Below is the start of the article, which might be helpful as a graphic.
"Speaking at the NHS Confederation conference In June 2018, Simon Stevens and Ian Dalton, the Chief Executives of NHS England and NHS Improvement, announced plans to improve patient care by cutting long hospital stays.
Delayed transfer of care causes distress for patients and their families and is a particular problem for many older people, especially those who are frail and may have dementia. Their conditions often deteriorate whilst in hospital and there can be significant muscle wastage due to lack of physical activity.
The number of 'delayed days' has been reduced significantly in the last two years, but is still far higher than the figures for 2010, as the health and social care system struggles to cope with the consequences of considerable demographic changes.
More rapid assessment in hospital, addressing the shortage of Occupational Therapists, and greater provision of Trusted Trained Assessors could all help to address the problem. Everyone agrees that greater integration of health and social care systems is crucial. There is already some evidence of how delayed transfer of care can be reduced, and cost savings achieved to fund other aspects of healthcare, where relevant budgets are combined, as in Greater Manchester.
Investment in research and development has also enabled British manufacturers and suppliers to provide some of the best equipment in the world to help more elderly and disabled people live independently out of hospital. More rapid assessment of the need for community equipment, and a more appropriate procurement process prioritising speed of delivery, could assist significantly in reducing the scale of the problem to everyone's benefit.
Too many patients wait too long for specialist equipment such as stairlifts or hoists to be provided in their homes before they can be discharged. When needs have been assessed, tenders for the necessary equipment are very largely based upon price (inevitably) and to a lesser degree on quality. But speed of delivery and the opportunity to reduce 'bed blocking' should also be a significant priority.
Bar codes and similar identifiers using Global Standards 1 (GS1) standards (now adopted across the NHS) should be used to identify where relevant Loan Stock equipment is located, and who is responsible for it, in order to make faster connections between staff, patients and products. This would help to reduce the number of times that a discharge is delayed simply because a patient is waiting to be supplied with equipment that may be no more complicated than a walking frame and commode.
This paper demonstrates how a more holistic and structured procurement process with a focus on effective delivery of homecare equipment and services can have major impact on speeding up hospital discharges and improving overall healthcare provision."


So you're maybe interested in short-term volunteering with RPC? Sounds great!
First we'll need to know a bit about you and your interests. Please complete and submit the form below. It will give us a good start to understanding what you are aiming for and how it may fit with what we need. Please fill in the boxes and submit your information without delay.
Some early advice: Don't be too wordy. Be concise. Tell us what you want, what you are good at, what you know you can do. And do this with clarity and purpose. Use your own words - don't rely on flowery quotes from the internet or from 'experts'.
When we get this submission, we'll confirm with you and we'll ask you to forward your CV by email. We will probably ask you to come in to our office so that we can get to know a little about you, your experiences and your ambitions. It won't be a formal interview though; we'll only have a formal interview if circumstances require it.
Please be ready to be patient. We will probably not be able to confirm a position immediately. It is only when we have confirmed funding that we will be able to go ahead with any particular program. Once a volunteer program for which you are eligible is funded, we will get back to you to check your availability for the position. If there are a number of eligible applicants, a selection panel may hold interviews to assist in that selection process.
I'm interested in volunteering. Please get back to me.
I would be interested to participate in the RPC Volunteers Program.
Please mark up to three of the following volunteer programs which you feel you would be well suited to undertake.
Marketing systems and production data for village poultry.
Application of mobile phone technology in the rural poultry sector.
Please add me to the RPC e-news distribution list.
Thank you. We'll try to get back to you within one or two working days. If you don't hear from us in a reasonable time, please contact us.


Bikini with 2 in 1 shape: can be used on both sides being versatile for the holidays!
Each side has an incredible unique prints, to cheer up the day at the beach.
Top of double straps giving total freedom of movement at the fun time.
With open back on strappys of a lovely design.
Extremely comfortable bottom with adjustable side knot.
High breathability, with UPF 50+ protection and Easy Care technology.
Fabric with flexibility, comfort and easy care technology. Its features guarantee the stability of body temperature, freedom of movement, and a visual with prints in high definition. It has UPF50 + technology that guarantees protection of at least 98% of UV radiation, which removes UVA and UVB rays.


text:
Q: UIImageView changes their position when the UITableViewCell is selected I have an UIImageView inside of a UITableViewCell, and when I select the cell the imageView changes their position like this:
Before tapping:

After tapping:

Is this a bug with iOS or something I've done wrong?
Edit: didSelectRowAt code:
func tableView(_ tableView: UITableView, didSelectRowAt indexPath: IndexPath) {
    let list = indexPath.section == 0 ? subscribed****s : other****s
    if (list == subscribed****s) {
        // Removed line that was setting a variable inside a class
        performSegue(withIdentifier: "segueNameRemoved", sender: self)
    } else {
        if (array.contains(removedValue)) {
            // Removed line that was setting a variable inside a class
            performSegue(withIdentifier: "segueNameRemoved", sender: self)
        } else {
            // TODO
            // This is where the code ended and the image position was changed
        }
    }
}

A: Currently I ran into this problem. And I found out my reason. Maybe is also your reason.

Don't call your imageView "imageView".
Call it another.

Because UITableViewCell has its own imageView.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


1. Oahu's economy relies mostly on Japanese tourism. My very unscientific estimation of Japanese tourists vs. non-Japanese tourists in October was 90%. With the exception of Pearl Harbor, where very few Japanese tourists visit. (according to the Pearl Harbor gift shop staff) There are however a lot of Chinese tourists at Pearl Harbor who then get loud and scoff at us making such a big deal over 2000+ Americans being killed by Japanese, when so many more Chinese lost their lives to Japan during their war.
2. Oahu is SO dependent on Japanese tourism that when the Japan earthquake and tsunami hit, Oahu worried it would negatively affect their economy. However, the number of Japanese tourists actually increased, due to the large number of Japanese who were trying to escape Japan following the national disasters.
3. Almost all signs, restrooms, menus, etc. are in both English and Japanese due to the high number of Japanese tourists.
And that concludes our lesson. For we have left the island of beautiful views... the island of the Japanese tourists... the island of the Smoke Monster... the island of the High End stores and insane amount of traffic... for the slow, beautiful dried lava pace of the Big Island.
Oh and one more thing... did you know that they have a Target here? But I bet your Target doesn't say Mahalo (thank you) when you finish paying like this one.
I wonder if the Japanese tourists in HI are suffering occasional cases of Paris Syndrome? Or maybe it's called Hawaii Syndrome over there...let me say for the 1000th time that I am majorly jealous and annoyed at your current geographic location, your Apple phone and the fact that you are just generally having an awesome time. Happy Halloween and (seriously) I hope you are enjoying yourself!


text:
Q: swapping child elements of div using javascript by drag and drop I tried swapping two elements inside  div1 and div2 tag but only the first replace function executes properly the other element is not swapped

*

*either one of the div is getting swapped at once but when i try to swap both at same time it doesn't happen please help me out
*

A: I think your fundamental flaw is that you do not cater for the fact that when you do your first replaceChild, the image you are inserting is removed from its parent so it is no longer there to replace with the second image.
I found your variable names somewhat confusing, and have rewritten your code in a simpler fashion as follows:
function allowDrop (ev) {
   ev.preventDefault ();
}

function drag (ev) {
  ev.dataTransfer.setData ("src", ev.target.id);
}

function drop (ev) {
  ev.preventDefault ();
  var src = document.getElementById (ev.dataTransfer.getData ("src"));
  var srcParent = src.parentNode;
  var tgt = ev.currentTarget.firstElementChild;

  ev.currentTarget.replaceChild (src, tgt);
  srcParent.appendChild (tgt);
}

You can test this code at jsFiddle


Abstract: This project will support the processing, analysis and reporting of FY 96-97 surveys of salmon predators, macrozooplankton prey and juvenile herring in Prince William Sound. This request is consistent with other projects (/320M, Oceanography and /320I, Isotopes) which have been compensated for additional field and analytical work that occurred with the expansion of the Juvenile Herring Growth and Habitats project (/320T). Scheduled analysis and reporting of the Nekton and Plankton Acoustics project (/320N) has been delayed because of this increased work load. Also, the funds that are requested were originally budgeted for the Nekton and Plankton Acoustics project but were underspent in FY 96-97. We were asked to submit a new proposal to recapture these funds after requesting a no-cost extension.


text:
Tufts Anatomical Gift Program
Who Can Donate to Tufts
Register to Become a Donor
Procedures to Follow at the Time of Death
How Long Will My Donation Be Used at Tufts?
Tufts University is an international leader in innovative medical education. Consistently ranked among the top in the nation, the School of Medicine is partnered with six major teaching hospitals and more than 30 health care facilities.
Study of the human body at Tufts University constitutes an invaluable and indispensable component of medical education and research. Each year, human remains are needed to teach medical and dental students, postgraduate physicians, and many other students and professionals within the health science fields.
While donors to anatomical gift programs are a diverse group, they do share one common attribute: all of them care about medical education and the skills that future doctors will bring to their patients. They care so much about these things that they choose to make the ultimate gift. So that others may learn, they entrust their bodies to the young men and women who will be the physicians and health care workers of tomorrow.
This is a gift not lightly given. It is received by student and professor alike with reverence, gratitude, admiration, and the determination to be worthy of such generosity and trust.
The Tufts Anatomical Gift Program is administered through the Department of Medical Education, Tufts University School of Medicine, Peter Brodeur, PhD, Chair.
Contact the Anatomical Gift Program
agp@tufts.edu


text:
Home » News » INDIA – Late abortion High Court ruling based on women's autonomy and rights
INDIA – Late abortion High Court ruling based on women's autonomy and rights
News | India | December 20, 2022 January 5, 2023
Abortions in India are permitted only up to 24 weeks of pregnancy, increasing from 20 weeks for both married women and later single women due to a high number of cases being taken to the courts for a judgment. In a recent landmark ruling, Justice Prathiba M Singh (photo above) in the High Court in Delhi, allowed a woman to have an abortion in the 33rd week due to serious fetal abnormalities.
In most cases, if a woman is more than 20 weeks pregnant, the court usually relies on the recommendation of a medical board to decide whether an abortion should be granted though this often delays the judgment. But critics say this undermines the woman's autonomy, which is why the 20 week limit was increased to 24.
Four ultrasound scans in this case had revealed that the fetus showed evidence of cerebral abnormality. The medical board told the court that the fetus was "compatible with life", however, and could be "managed surgically following delivery". They also noted that the degree of potential disability in the baby post-delivery could not be predicted and recommended that the woman be denied an abortion. In the end, however, the court took into consideration the woman's mental health and personal choice and decided to permit the termination. "The ultimate decision in such cases ought to recognise the choice of the mother," said Justice Singh on 6 December.
Additionally, in September of this year the Supreme Court of India ruled that the term "woman" was not limited to cis-women, but applicable to all persons who may require access to safe abortions.
The court also ordered that the definition of "rape" be expanded to include marital rape in the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act.
SOURCE: DW, by Nidhi Suresh, 12 December 2022 ; PHOTO: Hon Ms Justice Prathiba M Singh, Delhi Judicial Academy


Yahoo! Incorporated has been all over the news these past of weeks due to its decision to ban telecommuting. Its CEO, Marissa Mayer stated in an HR memo to its employees, which was leaked to All Things D, a tech industry blog, that starting in June staff will be required to work in a Yahoo office – a move that appears to be a part of the company's rebooting efforts.
Of course this news has not gone over well with its 11,000+ employees or those in favor of work-at-home. Proponents of Yahoo's decision have decried the removal of this type of work flexibility; claiming that it's demoralizing or harmful to families, especially working mothers. While opponents have supported and applauded Mayer's tough-but-gutsy decision, saying that it's about time that Yahoo! employees, in fact all employees, stop abusing this benefit and realize that work is done best in an office; interacting with colleagues. In the midst of this brouhaha has been comments about how Mayer doesn't understand the financial and familial benefits of working-at-home since she a) has an estimated net worth of $300 million; b) might receive close to $60 million from Yahoo during her tenure and c) paid to have a nursery built in her office so that she could bring her infant to work.
What has become lost in the midst of the work-at-home battle has been one major question that has not been asked of Yahoo. What does it say about Yahoo, a multinational internet corporation, that it apparently can't manage its employees who work-at-home?
It should seem obvious, maybe not to Mayer, that if you have slacker employees (i.e. unproductive, unreliable, unable to adhere to project or work schedule, etc.) who are partial or full-time telecommuters they will more than likely continue to be slackers, just now they'll be working in the office instead of at home.
What will Yahoo's supervisors/managers do to combat these employees' bad work habits? Do these managers have the training and experience to deal with these type of employees? Keep in mind, if the managers were unable to manage these unproductive employees as telecommuters, what makes Yahoo think that they will be able to manage these individuals in-person while simultaneously turning them into collaborative and responsible workers?
I'm sure Mayer's actions are also Yahoo's way of getting rid of 'dead weight' and/or reducing costs by forcing employees to quit due to location or commute hardships. However, I doubt every bad WAH employee is going to resign from his/her position as a result of the ban. Again, how does the ban help Yahoo deal with its apparent or perceived culture of crappy telecommuters? Also, will Yahoo have to secure additional office space to accommodate these now in-office employees? This could add to Yahoo's bottom line, thereby defeating somewhat the goal of supposedly cutting costs by eliminating employees via the work-at-home ban.
Most importantly, what about those WAH employees who weren't abusing this perk? Who were actually productive and reliable? What about future applicants who might (or were) interested in working for Yahoo prior to the ban?
Yahoo has been so busy banning WAH to get rid of bad employees (and create a work community atmosphere possibly similar to Google or Facebook) that it appears they weren't really thinking about the good employees who would be hurt by the ban or potential applicants who might go elsewhere because of it or what the ban signifies about Yahoo.
As many managers can attest, just because an employee shows up for work doesn't mean that he or she is actually working, let alone being productive. Yahoo's WAH problem isn't just a telecommuter problem, it is also a managerial and human resources issue as well.
Slashing the work-at-home option may have immediately shown Yahoo's investors, financiers and employees that it's serious about turning the company around, in that it plans to become a major internet player again.
However, when a company makes a decision that will have a long-range impact, the last thing it should want is that decision to bring about more questions than answers. As it stands, Yahoo's work-at-home ban seems to have created more of the former than the latter.
Not exactly a great way to ensure everyone that you really mean business.
Posted in: All Posts, Culture & Life, News, Technology, Work	| Tagged: home office, Marissa Mayer, WAH, work at home, work from home, Yahoo!
Aw, this was a definitely nice post. In idea I would like to put in writing like this moreover – taking time and actual effort to make a quite good article?- but what can I say?- I procrastinate alot and by no indicates seem to get some thing carried out.


I just bought my second dress!!
brown dresses, black suits - too dark??
Help! I hate my dress!
Bridesmaid dresses - where to start!
2 dresses - 1 for the day, one for the evening... greedy?!
Augusta Jones Anuska Organza- Looped buttons?? or not!?
Flowers in hair - advice needed!
arrrrgh, i dont know which dress!!
Advice on dress storage please!?
flowergirl hair - tiaras,headbands or combs?
Are any of you B2b's going to look at suits for h2b????
My Pronovias dress has arrived...help!!!!


text:
Say goodbye to long queues, congestion at airports! Big step being taken for improving services; details here
By: Arun Nayal |
New Delhi | Published: September 23, 2018 2:09:35 AM
External agencies being appointed to ensure service quality at major airports.
So far, the service standards have been measured by Airports Council International
Pre-flight nightmares usually start at airports, where passengers face long queues, delays and baggage woes. These issues are acute at major airports like Delhi, Mumbai and Bengaluru. But flyers can soon expect a smooth experience on the ground at least, thanks to Airports Economic Regulatory Authority's (AERA) move to ensure strict service quality checks at airports.
A decade after coming into being, AERA has initiated the process to appoint external agencies to determine service quality at major airports, particularly private ones. So far, the service standards have been measured by Airports Council International (ACI), which conducts airport service quality (ASQ) surveys to rate facilities across the world.
Supreme Court paves way for construction of airport in Goa
Attention flyers! Delhi Airport to turn into no-fly zone for 7 days ahead of Republic Day; dates, timings
Mysuru to Kalaburagi in just 3 hours via Bengaluru! Alliance Air starts daily flights under UDAN
"We have been dependent on ACI-ASQ for service standards at major airports. We want to independently conduct service quality checks. The statutory mandate to ascertain tariff at major airports is settled now. So we can start with service monitoring function soon," says S Machendranathan, AERA chairman.
The service quality performance would be linked to tariff determination, with penalties imposed on operators for failing to meet standards.
The regulator, which fixes tariff at major airports — which handle more than 1.5 million passengers annually —feels several airports are choked at peak hours, leading to long queues at various stages from terminal entrance to boarding of flights. For instance, Bengaluru's Kempagowda International airport handled around 25 million passengers per annum (mppa) in 2017 against its present capacity of 20-22 mppa. Similarly, the Mumbai international airport is expected to breach its capacity-mark of 48 mppa this year.
"The number of airports monitored by AERA will come down to around 17 from 25 after the amendment to the AERA Act. We want to focus on bigger airports, especially those developed with public-partnership models," Machendranathan adds.
As per the ministry of civil aviation, many airports like Patna, Jaipur, Guwahati and Nagpur are handling far more passengers than they were designed for. Domestic traffic has been increasing 16-18% year-on-year for the last four years on cheap fares and rising disposable incomes.
Both the private operators and state-owned Airports Authority of India have failed to keep pace with the growing passenger traffic, resulting in inconvenience to passengers.
Airlines Aviation
Say goodbye to long queues congestion at airports! Big step being taken for improving services details&nbsphere
1Jharsuguda airport inauguration by PM Modi: Sneak-peek into Odisha's second airport – a big boost!
2Now, GMR gets Letter of award to develop airport in Greece!
3Kannur International Airport in Kerala set to open! Air India test flight successfully lands


CONNECTIONS IN EMT TUBE Ø 1-1 / 4 "OF 2×4 + 1×6 + 8T Al. FROM MEASUREMENT CABINET TO APTOS BOARD.
CONNECTIONS IN PVC TUBE (SCH-40) Ø 1-1 / 4 "OF 2×4 + 1×6 + 8T Al. FROM MEASUREMENT CABINET TO APTOS BOARD.
CONNECTIONS IN PVC PIPE Ø 1-1 / 4 "OF 2×4 + 1×6 + 8T Al. FROM MEASUREMENT CABINET TO APTOS BOARD.


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using XWG.Laboratory.Models;

namespace SoulStone5.Web.Models.Attribute
{
    /// <summary>
    /// 检查用户是否登录
    /// </summary>
    [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method)]
    public class CheckLoginAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 在执行Action方法之前由 ASP.NET MVC 框架调用。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filterContext">过滤器上下文</param>
        public override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            //用来解析过滤器的上下文信息
            FilterContextInfo info = new FilterContextInfo(filterContext);

            //授权解析公共类
            VisitorHelper auth = new VisitorHelper(info.Request, info.Response);
            auth.GetVisitorId();

            ////判断跳转
            //if (!auth.IsLoginSuccess())
            //{
            //    //跳转至登录页
            //    filterContext.Result = new ContentResult
            //    {
            //        Content = string.Format("<script type='text/javascript'>top.location='{0}?from=/'</script>",
            //                WebConfig.LoginPageUrl)
            //    };
            //}
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 解析过滤器上下文信息
    /// </summary>
    public class FilterContextInfo
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 读取过滤器上下文信息来初始化
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="filterContext"></param>
        public FilterContextInfo(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            RequestUrl = filterContext.HttpContext.Request.Url == null ? string.Empty : filterContext.HttpContext.Request.Url.AbsolutePath;

            ControllerName = filterContext.RouteData.Values["controller"].ToString();

            ActionName = filterContext.RouteData.Values["action"].ToString();

            Session = filterContext.HttpContext.Session;

            Request = filterContext.HttpContext.Request;

            Response = filterContext.HttpContext.Response;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 来源的相对路径
        /// </summary>
        public string RequestUrl { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 控制器名称
        /// </summary>
        public string ControllerName { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Action方法名
        /// </summary>
        public string ActionName { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Session信息
        /// </summary>
        public HttpSessionStateBase Session { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Request信息
        /// </summary>
        public HttpRequestBase Request { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// Response信息
        /// </summary>
        public HttpResponseBase Response { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Seemingly hand-painted yarn in a palette of soft,earthy hues is reminiscent of falling autumn leaves in this enchanting shawl. Includes written instructions only. This e-patterns was originally published in the Autumn issue of Crochet! magazine.
Size: 98" at widest point x 28" at longest point. Made with medium (worsted) weight yarn and size E/4/3.5mm hook.


The Formation of the Classical Islamic World is a library reference collection that makes available the most important articles and research papers in its subject. By reprinting together in thematically unified volumes material from a widespread range of sources, it constitutes a major new resource for libraries. The articles are selected not only for their current role in breaking new ground, but also for their place as seminal contributions to the formation of the field, and their utility in providing access to the subject for students and specialists in other fields.
Scholars from across the world, representing a range of methodologies and disciplines, have joined to collaborate on what is the most ambitious endeavour of its kind in the modern study of Islamic history. The collection will consist of 48 thematically ordered volumes, each containing a specially written introduction to the subject, a bibliographical guide and an index. All volumes are hardcover, cloth bound and printed on acid-free paper, to suit library needs. All articles not previously published in English have been specially translated for this series.
Ce livre rassemble des articles de l'auteur parus entre 1970 et 1986.