There's a growing trend with younger Canadians to stop following the "Canadian dream" of home ownership and deciding to take the road of FIRE instead. Just what is FIRE? It stands for Financial Independent and Retiring Early. Perhaps popularized by the writer of Mr. Money Mustache, the idea is to reach financial independence at an early age through financial self sacrifice and retire early to enjoy life when you're still young.
This approach was replicated by the the popular Canadian dual that writes the Millennial Revolution blog, who accomplish the feat before the turn of their third decade. Of course, this isn't the most ideal approach for everyone, but for those who dream of getting out of the rat race as soon as possible, it's become a valid financial approach.
Not everyone can live without their morning Starbucks latte. Some individuals have to drive an Audi. Some feel that thousand dollar Canada Goose jackets are the norm and wearing anything but a Prada bag on your shoulder is just blasphemy. It's fine to enjoy these things when you're in your twenties, but just don't expect to have these luxuries and retire by 35. That's a realistic expectation for the average.
Going the FIRE route requires living frugally. That means the more indulgences you can cut out of your life, the faster you can get to retirement. Mr. Money Mustache wrote about living frugally in New York City with only a $65K annual salary and getting "rich". Some readers would think he's not living life at all let alone "getting rich". However, if someone can do live on a salary of $65K, in Manhattan of all places, then Toronto and Vancouver shouldn't be much of a problem right?
I've written how saving helps more than investing. This can't be more true for someone that is trying to go the FIRE route. Even through personal experience, I can say that saving more of your earned income drives your wealth faster than any investment could. Once you get used to living with less. The need to earn more money to keep up with your lifestyle fades.
The premise around this tactic is that if you're able to live on a smaller portion of your salary, then you will need to save less. Of course this all assumes you don't increase your standard of living after reaching retirement, you can live off a 4% withdrawal of your saving and that you invest your savings in a balanced investment portfolio.
All of the numbers provided above assume that you are saving and not getting raises. But what happens if you can keep your standard of living fixed while getting above inflation raises of 5% every two years?
What does this chart show? It means if you want to FIRE early then chase money. I know the whole premise nowadays is to do something you enjoy and love because your career is going to be 40 years long. But this is FIRE. Forget passion. Maximize earnings and get out of the game early. Does it really matter that you hate your job if you're done in less than 10 years and you've freed up 30 years to enjoy life?
If you read how the Millennial Revolution folks got to FIRE, you know they didn't love their jobs. They hated their desk jobs and hated their bosses. But what helped them more than anything was that they chose high paying, easy to find technology jobs that are in high demand. With two individuals earning over $70k a year, being frugal and saving for retirement was extremely easy.
Going FIRE is not an easy choice. In fact I think the FIRE route is only for the 1%. Despite the stories of success from a lot of online blog writers, FIRE just isn't achievable for many people.
As I've mentioned, not many people can live frugally and cut out the luxuries in life. Everyday we're surrounded by Instagram and Facebook posts by our peers about how great their life is. "I want that!". Additionally, you would find it extremely rare to find any average Canadian that doesn't want home ownership and the lifelong employment that comes attached with it. To top it all off, many Millennials just don't trust the stock market. Getting to FIRE isn't just about saving, but it requires the individual to invest their earnings to sustain their retired lifestyle. This is also something only the 1% would do.
If you're tired of the rat race and want to get out early and you can actually manage to do all of the above 3 things then perhaps you have the mental capacity to achieve FIRE. Of all the financial strategies that have been thought of, this is probably the most challenging in today's society and it's not for the faint of heart. But the question htat only you can answer is, can you do it? Is it worth it to free up your latter years through early sacrifice?


Home Brexit Where Do Low-Skilled Workers Fit Post Brexit?
Where Do Low-Skilled Workers Fit Post Brexit?
Free motion of EU staff has been the cornerstone of UK-EU relations for a few years. Under Lawyer Month-to-month hears from Rahul Batra at Hudson McKenzie on the potential way forward for low expert employee in a post-Brexit world.
A number of hundred thousand low-skilled staff from EU nations are employed annually in jobs predominantly in cleansing, hospitality and the agricultural sector which has traditionally witnessed a powerful reliance on seasonal staff from EU nations. For instance, the seasonal agricultural staff scheme (SAWS) was in place for a really very long time previous to ending within the 12 months 2013, primarily as a consequence of the truth that EU staff had been already allowed to come back to the UK below free motion.
Nonetheless, to throw a spanner within the works, the UK authorities has introduced that consistent with Brexit, free motion of EU staff will come to an finish within the 12 months 2021. This raises two essential questions- How are UK companies engaged within the above sectors going to outlive by not having quick access to EU staff? And can there be a alternative scheme in impact?
With the intention to facilitate migration into jobs that aren't thought of sufficiently expert to qualify for Tier 2 work permits, the federal government could also be trying on the under two choices.
Within the July 2018 White Paper, the federal government said that it hopes to barter a UK-EU 'Youth Mobility' scheme modelled on the prevailing Tier 5 scheme that may enable some kind of low-skilled work permits to be launched put up Brexit. Tier 5 YMS is a scheme which at current permits residents of few widespread wealth nations together with Australia, New Zealand, Canada to be employed in jobs at any ability degree.
Is Youth Mobility Scheme the reply?
The Youth Mobility Scheme has been traditionally designed to facilitate cultural change between the UK and sure widespread wealth nations, and never as a labour migration programme. By its very nature, this scheme is momentary whereas a majority of EU staff would keep for greater than two years, and sometimes stay with the identical employer for a few years. Furthermore, YMS has an age restriction of between 18-30 years and never all EU staff would match into this age bracket, though the hospitality trade depends closely on younger staff, however others could not. Lastly, the YMS has caps for every collaborating nation and the scale of any caps can be essential in figuring out whether or not YMS is a serious supply of labour migration sooner or later.
Work permits by their very nature, contain comparatively detailed regulation of the varieties of jobs which are eligible and the circumstances of labor and likewise require employer sponsorship linking staff to particular jobs. The Factors Based mostly System (PBS) which has 5 tiers, hasn't been used utterly since inception. The present Tier 2 visa system for non-EU nationals is designed primarily for graduate degree jobs. Most worker jobs within the UK labour market don't meet this criterion, and a considerable share of migration into these non-graduate positions has been from EU nations. The Tier three of the PBS, which was unique designed to accommodate low expert staff was by no means put to make use of. Subsequently, this can be an ideal alternative for the federal government to introduce work permits preparations for low expert staff below Tier three scheme.
Nonetheless, work permits aren't devoid of drawbacks. Firstly, a number of employers view sponsorship as a cumbersome burden as a result of excessive prices and administrative burden concerned. Furthermore, the truth that a employee is tied to a selected job, makes it tougher for staff to depart exploitative employers in instances the place the phrases of participation within the scheme haven't been efficiently enforced.
Are we due to this fact going to have a Youth Mobility Scheme for EU staff or a brand new work allow scheme below Tier three of the PBS put up Brexit, in an effort to meet the demand for migrant staff in low-skilled jobs? If not, it is extremely possible that the federal government will introduce at the very least some equal schemes for labour migration in low expert jobs after free motion involves an finish, lest the chance of unlawful employment rises as a consequence of employers not having enough authorized choices to recruit migrant staff in such jobs.


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Keith Wyatt
A Tribute to Cliff Gallup's Legendary Flash
By Keith Wyatt
The Gene Vincent and His Blue Caps guitarist defined the classic rockabilly guitar sound.
The Power of Thirds
Thirds are real workhorses, frequently used by R&B, rock, country and blues guitarists.
How to Play Stevie Ray Vaughan's "Pride and Joy" Shuffle
Learn how to nail a complete blues shuffle, a lá Stevie Ray Vaughan's "Pride and Joy."
Talkin' Blues: The Brilliance of Jimi Hendrix's Rhythm Guitar Playing
Little Walter's Exciting Up-Tempo Jump-Blues Soloing Style
Sixths Sense
Cliff Gallup's Smooth, Lyrical Ballad-Playing Style
"Boogie Uproar" — The Up-Tempo Soloing Style of Clarence "Gatemouth" Brown
Download a Free 'Talkin' Blues, Part 1' Lesson at the 'Guitar World Lessons' Store — Video
By Guitar World Staff
Talkin' Blues, Part 1, an impressive compilation of 10 instructional video lessons and tabs by Keith Wyatt, is now available through the Guitar World Lessons App and Webstore.
Talkin' Blues with Keith Wyatt: Electric Soul — Snooks Eaglin, Part 2
Learn Ins and Outs of Blues Guitar with Keith Wyatt's New 'Talkin' Blues' DVD
The new Talkin' Blues DVD is available now at the Guitar World Online Store for $14.99!
Talkin' Blues with Keith Wyatt: The "Unplugged" Artistry of Snooks Eaglin, New Orleans' Best Kept Secret
Talkin' Blues with Keith Wyatt: Harmonizing the Drums
Talkin' Blues with Keith Wyatt: Slim Harpo's Grooving, Down-Home Rhythm Guitar Style
Talkin' Blues with Keith Wyatt: Adapting the Crafty Piano Riffs of Otis Spann to the Guitar
This audio is bonus content related to the April 2014 issue of Guitar World. For the full range of interviews, features, tabs and more, pick up the new issue on newsstands now or at our online store.
Talkin' Blues with Keith Wyatt: Grady Martin and the Roots of Rock
The Guitar Work of Earl Hooker, Part 2
Talkin' Blues: The Guitar Work of Earl Hooker, Part 1
Talkin' Blues: Chicago's Best-Kept Secret — The Underexposed Talents of Blues-Rock Pioneer Jody Williams
Talkin' Blues: The Aggressively Quirky, Knife-Edged Soloing Style of Pat Hare
The following content is related to the October 2013 issue of Guitar World. For the full range of interviews, features, tabs and more, pick up the new issue on newsstands now, or in our online store.
Amazon Lightning Deal: Go Wireless For Less With Getaria's Rechargeable System For Guitarists
Summer NAMM 2019: Supro Unveils New Vintage-Inspired Silverwood Recreation
Prime Day Lightning Deal: All You Need Is... These Beatles Guitar Straps
Save Up To 38% On Apple iPads and iPad Pros With These Amazon Prime Day Deals
Guitars and Gear Belonging to Steely Dan's Walter Becker to Be Sold at Auction

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Planetary Sciences News
Proposed Planet Nine Elicits Cheers, Yawns, Hunt for Proof
Evidence of a large, unseen planet at the solar system's margins prompted a flurry of scientific paper downloads, as well as oodles of skepticism. There's no sighting yet of the purported body.
The recently proposed "Planet Nine" orbits far from our Sun, shining dimly in the background of this artist's representation of the purported planet. The astronomers who hypothesized Planet Nine suspect that it would be a gaseous planet similar to Uranus and Neptune. Crackles of lightning illuminate patches of the would-be planet's night side. Credit: Caltech/R. Hurt (IPAC)
By Ron Cowen 4 February 2016
For more than a century, astronomers have speculated—in vain—that a giant, unseen planet, or even a lurking sister star to the Sun, roams the fringes of the solar system.
Astronomer Percival Lowell, back in 1906, invoked a "Planet X" to explain the then unaccounted for motions of Uranus and Neptune. In 1984, researchers postulated that a dwarf star, dubbed Nemesis, periodically dipped into a relatively dense region of comets in the far reaches of the solar system, sending comets hurtling toward the inner solar system and causing an apparent 26-million-year cycle of mass extinctions on Earth. Those are just a couple of the ghost bodies that never did turn up.
Enter "Planet Nine." In the 20 January Astronomical Journal, researchers reported new evidence of another such orb. Although the observations cited by study coauthors Mike Brown and Konstantin Batygin of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena are indirect and based on a new analysis of previously known data, the report has made a sensation, lighting up the journal's website with nearly a quarter million downloads in the first 5 days since the paper was posted.
"Planet X is proposed every time someone sees some sort of anomaly in the outer solar system," said Brown, an astronomer widely known for his role in helping to demote Pluto to a dwarf planet a decade ago. "Usually those [anomalies] end up being bad data. We think that this is the first time the data actually support the hypothesis," he told Eos.
Kuiper Belt Objects Aligned
The data show an unexplained orbital alignment and common motion of six disparate objects in the Kuiper Belt, the doughnut-shaped reservoir of icy bodies, including Pluto, that lies beyond the orbit of Neptune. Those data have convinced some planetary scientists—but by no means all—that gravitational shepherding of the Kuiper Belt objects by a massive, distant planet best explains the mysteriously matching features.
"There is a 99.993% chance that the alignments we are seeing in the outer solar system are real, and that we are not simply being fooled into seeing a pattern where none exists."
In a postannouncement blog entry, Brown wrote, "From some very simple calculations, we can show that the probability of these alignments happening due to chance is only about 0.007%. You could also say that there is a 99.993% chance that the alignments we are seeing in the outer solar system are real, and that we are not simply being fooled into seeing a pattern where none exists."
"This is the strongest evidence presented so far" for Planet X, said David Nesvorny of the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo., who analyzes the dynamics of solar system objects but wasn't involved in the new study.
In 2011, Nesvorny suggested that the present-day architecture of the solar system was best explained if the Sun originally had a fifth giant planet, in addition to Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The additional planet would ultimately have been gravitationally kicked out of the solar system—unless a close encounter with a nearby star at just the right time stabilized the orbit, keeping Planet Nine at the solar system's edge, Nesvorny told Eos.
The hypothetical planet would lie 7 times farther away than Neptune does, or at 200 astronomical units (AU), when closest to the Sun, on an elliptical orbit that might take it as far out as 1200 AU, Brown and Batygin reported. One astronomical unit is the average distance between the Earth and the Sun.
NASA's Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) spacecraft, which observes at infrared wavelengths, has ruled out a distant solar system planet the size of Saturn out to 10,000 AU and an object the size of Jupiter out to 26,000 AU. But the much smaller Planet Nine would glow, dimly, in visible light, not infrared. Brown and Batygin have begun hunting for the object with the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan's Subaru Telescope on Hawaii's Mauna Kea.
Some researchers have reacted coolly to the Planet Nine hypothesis. "The paper presents some interesting arguments, [but] I think the claims are being made more strongly than the evidence merits," said astronomer Brett Gladman of the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, Canada, who was also not part of the study.
"The arguments that Konstantin and Mike have presented are clever and carefully worked out, but it's not a slam dunk," said exoplanet hunter David Latham of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass., likewise unassociated with the new Brown-Batygin work. "It's still early in the community reaction to the announcement, and other clever people may come up with counterarguments."
A couple of days after the Planet Nine paper was published, XKCD cartoonist Randall Munroe offered his musings on the proposal. Credit: xkcd.com
Alignment sans Planet
Astronomers Ann-Marie Madigan of the University of California, Berkeley, and Michael McCourt of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass., have already presented a different argument. In an article published in the Monthly Notices Letters of the Royal Astronomical Society on the same day that Brown and Batygin published their finding, Madigan and McCourt suggest that gravitational interactions among the myriad small icy objects in the outer solar system can suffice on their own to cause the orbital alignment of the six telltale objects in the Kuiper Belt that inspired the Planet Nine hypothesis.
The researchers' simulations show that gravitational tugs among objects located from about 100 to 10,000 AU from the Sun would drive some of them to form a cone-shaped distribution, inclined to the Kuiper Belt, which in turn could cause the alignments Brown and Batygin studied. "This spontaneous behavior is just something that the disk does on its own—we don't need to invoke an external reason [such as a ninth planet] for it," said Madigan, who described her simulations at a 26 January lecture at the SETI Institute in Mountain View, Calif.
Madigan noted that observations can test the validity of her team's hypothesis. In the past, she said, sky surveys generally weren't looking for faint, distant solar system objects in orbits tilted out of the main Kuiper Belt disk because researchers didn't think many such bodies existed. But two ongoing ground-based sky surveys, the Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS) and the Dark Energy Camera Legacy Survey (DECam Legacy Survey), can hunt for the cone-shaped distribution of objects that would tilt out of the plane in which the planets orbit the Sun. One object, dubbed 2013 RF98, which has the right coordinates to potentially be part of that distribution, has already been detected by DECam, she said.
Testable Predictions and Other Scenarios
"The good news is that both theories make testable predictions, and we will find out the right answer soon," Madigan said.
"The good news is that both theories make testable predictions, and we will find out the right answer soon."
In addition to aligning the modestly tilted orbits of some Kuiper Belt objects, Planet Nine should more radically reorient the orbits of other Kuiper Belt objects, simulations by Brown and Batygin predict. The unseen planet's gravity would drive those additional objects into orbits completely perpendicular to the plane in which the solar system's eight known planets orbit the Sun. Over the past 3 years, four such objects have been found. Finding more Kuiper Belt objects with this perpendicular orientation would strengthen the case for Planet Nine, Brown told Eos.
Planet Nine and the competing conical distribution of outer solar system objects don't offer the only ways of explaining the alignments of the six Kuiper Belt objects that caught the attention of Brown and Batygin, according to Latham. For instance, a gravitational encounter with a star that passed near the solar system sometime in the last few hundred million years might also do the job, he said.
"How long would the pattern last without a Planet Nine to herd the objects?" Latham mused. "These are not necessarily new ideas, but now there is renewed motivation to look at them. It will be interesting to see if there is a flurry of papers exploring related ideas."
—Ron Cowen, Freelance Science Journalist; email: [email protected]
Citation: Cowen, R. (2016), Proposed planet nine elicits cheers, yawns, hunt for proof, Eos, 97, doi:10.1029/2016EO045523. Published on 4 February 2016.
Text © 2016. The authors. CC BY-NC 3.0
Meet Hygiea, the Smallest Dwarf Planet in Our Solar System
News 1 March 2019
Pluto's and Charon's Craters Reveal a Solar System Deficit
News 4 January 2019
New Horizons Sends First Looks of 2014 MU69
New Horizons Spacecraft to Reach Farthest Body in Solar System Yet


Major style manuals (for example, The Chicago Manual of Style and the Modern Language Association Style Manual) agree that Latin abbreviations, such as, etc., e.g., and i.e., should not appear in your everyday writing. You should only use them in footnotes, endnotes, tables, and other forms of documentation.
So instead of writing i.e. (the abbreviation of id est), in your business report, write that is. Instead of writing e.g. (the abbreviation of exempli gratia), in your cover letter, write for example. Let's face it, most people don't know what the abbreviations stand for—I often see i.e. and e.g. used interchangeably—so using them can affect the clarity of your writing… in a bad way.


Our members also take part in several other events around the country and abroad.
See the links below for more events and, if you know of an event that other club members might also like, drop us a line including the event name, date and website address and we'll include it here.
Don't forget to ask the Committee about help with funds if you are representing the club in a high profile event.
Established in 1934, we have about 125 members of all ages and abilities, from novices to elite athletes who represent the UK at world class level. Based in Newmarket, Suffolk we organise a few main events throughout the year, an evening time-trial calendar and coached swimming and turbo sessions.
© Newmarket Cycling and Triathlon Club - All rights reserved.


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Find postgraduate teacher training
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Court Moor Partnership
Mathematics (39PG)
PGCE with QTS full time
Accredited body
The University of Reading
Scholarship, bursary or student finance if you're eligible
PGCE with QTS
A postgraduate certificate in education (PGCE) with qualified teacher status (QTS) allows you to teach in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It's also recognised internationally.
Many PGCE courses include credits that count toward a Master's degree.
Date you can apply from
Date course starts
http://www.court-moor.hants.sch.uk/
How school placements work
About the training provider
Training with disabilities and other needs
This course will offer trainees an excellent route into teaching. You will be supported by a very experienced mentor at both of your training schools. The course is offered in collaboration with the University of Reading, which has an outstanding record in teacher training.
The Court Moor Partnership is led by Court Moor School, one of the highest performing schools in Hampshire. Most of the weekly Professional Studies sessions will be held at the main site. All of our partner schools (all within easy commute of each other - in Fleet, Farnborough, Frimley and Godalming) are welcoming and supportive of trainees, and open to visitors who would like to observe some lessons and meet staff prior to applying.
The course has a good balance of time spent in university and at school, allowing trainees to spend their early phase at school observing lessons and learning how the school operates, before beginning to teach your first lessons. You will be assessed at the end of each term by your university tutor. QTS is awarded in June 2021, provided evidence has been met across the teaching standards.
Interviews are conducted by senior teachers. We usually ask candidates to teach a 'mini lesson' on an accessible topic with carefully selected students, followed by an interview with the head of department and an assistant headteacher.
Trainees spend the first two weeks of their course at university. The main placement begins in mid-September, at which point you will spend two days at university and three days at your school each week. At this stage, you will mainly be observing colleagues and gaining an understanding of the school.
After October half-term, this increases to four days each week at school, and you will begin teaching your first lessons.
In January, you will begin your second placement, which will be roughly six weeks. This will always be at one of our partner schools (i.e. Fleet, Farnborough, Frimley or Godalming), and could include Farnborough Sixth Form Centre for candidates who wish to teach A-level.
The course fees for 2020/2021 are as follows:
Fees to pay
UK students £9,250
EU students £9,250
You could be eligible for either:
a scholarship of £28,000
a bursary of £26,000
With a scholarship or bursary, you'll also get early career payments of £2,000 each in your second, third and fourth years of teaching (£3,000 in some areas of England).
To qualify for a scholarship you'll need a degree of 2:1 or above in maths or a related subject. For a bursary you'll need a 2:2 or above in any subject.
You can't claim both a bursary and a scholarship - you can only claim one.
Find out how to apply for a scholarship. You don't need to apply for a bursary - if you're eligible, you'll automatically start receiving it once you begin your course. Find out about eligibility for bursaries and how you'll be paid.
You may also be eligible for a loan while you study.
Find out about financial support if you're from outside the UK.
Candidates must have an honours degree (preferably 2:2 or above), and C-grade/4-grade maths and English at GCSE. Primary candidates must also have C-grade science at GCSE.
Candidates must demonstrate an enthusiasm for their subject and a passion for working with young people to help them to fulfil their potential. Teachers must be innovative, committed and conscientious. Confidence is crucial, too, but it is something which can be developed during training.
All applicants will be required to successfully complete a DBS (Disclosure and Barring Service) check before appointment.
Court Moor School is one of the highest performing schools in Hampshire: in 2017 we had the highest 'Basics 9-5' results (students achieving at least a Grade 5 in both maths and English) in the county. The school is consistently rated 'good' by Ofsted and is pushing towards 'outstanding'. Attendance is excellent and behaviour issues are rare; in fact, visitors frequently comment favourably on the conduct of our students.
Our new partnership offers the chance to train within a network of local schools who work closely together and are all committed to the development of new staff. We have an excellent track record of ITT, and many current members of staff trained at the school. Our teaching mentors have all undertaken the relevant training with the University of Reading (and/or similar institutions), and the feedback we receive from trainees reflects the supportive and collaborative environment.
About the accredited body
The Court Moor Partnership has chosen to work solely with the University of Reading, which has an excellent track record in teacher training provision.
Trainees with disabilities and other needs are offered our full support. The school/partnership has made staff wellbeing a priority: this year, for example, we have focused on 'mindfulness' as a pathway to good mental health, and we have appointed a wellbeing co-ordinator to ensure we are doing everything we can to support staff.
terry.mcenroe@court-moor.hants.sch.uk
Spring Woods
GU52 7RY
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Choose a training location
You'll also need to choose a training location – select the relevant location name on the application form.
Court Moor School
Spring Woods, Fleet, Hampshire, Spring Woods GU52 7RY Yes P
Fernhill School
Neville Duke Road, Farnborough, Hampshire GU14 9BY Yes F
Rake Lane, Milford, Godalming, Surrey GU8 5AB Yes 9
Tomlinscote School
Tomlinscote Way, Frimley, Surrey GU16 8PY Yes 6
Wavell School
Lynchford Road, Farnborough, Hampshire GU14 6BH Yes W
For questions about this course you should contact the training provider using the contact details above.
Get support and advice about teaching
Register with Get into Teaching, the Department for Education's free support and advice service, for personalised guidance from teaching experts. They can help you to prepare your application, book school experience, and access exclusive teaching events. You can also call them free of charge on 0800 389 2500, or speak to an adviser using their online chat service, from 8am to 8pm, Monday to Friday.
If you have feedback or have had a problem using Find postgraduate teacher training you can contact us by email.
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For personalised support and advice about teacher training, register with Get into Teaching. You can also call them free of charge on 0800 389 2500, or speak to an adviser using their online chat service, from 8am to 8pm, Monday to Friday.
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Materials Research (118)
Physics And Astronomy (118)
MRS Online Proceedings Library Archive (114)
MRS Bulletin (1)
Materials Research Society (118)
Resistivity–temperature behavior of dilute Cu(Ir) and Cu(W) alloy films
K. Barmak, C. Cabral, A.J. Kellock, J.M.E. Harper
Journal: Journal of Materials Research / Volume 20 / Issue 12 / December 2005
The resistivities of as-deposited Cu(4.2Ir), Cu(2.0W), and Cu(2.2W) films are 32.2, 25.4, and 28.0 μΩcm, respectively. These resistivities are significantly higher thanthat for pure Cu films. After annealing the Cu(4.2Ir) film at constant heating rate to 800 °C and the two Cu(W) films to 950 °C, the resistivities reduce to 28.4, 4.3, and 5.2 μΩcm, respectively. The smaller reduction in resistivity for Cu(4.2Ir) compared with that for Cu(W) is partly a consequence of solute redissolution following precipitation. The variation of resistivity with temperature for the films and the Cu-rich end of the binary phase diagrams are used to categorize the decomposition behavior of the Cu(Ir) and Cu(W). These categories were defined by K. Barmak et al., J. Appl. Phys.87, 2204 (2000). W is placed in category III along with V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Re, Ru, Os, B, and C. Ir most suitably belongs to Category II together with Fe and Co.
In situ and Ex situ Measurements of Stress Evolution in the Cobalt-Silicon System
G. Lucadamo, C. Lavoie, C. Cabral, R. A. Carruthers, J.M.E. Harper
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 14 March 2011, C6.3.1
The biaxial stress in Co thin-films has been investigated in situ by measuring changes in substrate curvature that occurred during deposition and annealing.Films of Co, 35 to 500 nm in thickness, were deposited by UHV magnetron sputtering at room temperature on Si (100) and poly-Si substrates.Results show that during Co deposition the bending force increased linearly with film thickness; a signature of constant stress.In addition, the stress evolution during silicide formation was measured under constant heating rate conditions from room temperature up to 700°C. The stress-temperature curve was correlated with Co2Si, CoSi, and CoSi2 phase formation using in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements.The room temperature stress for the CoSi2 phase was found to be ∼0.8 GPa (tensile) in the films deposited on Si (100) and ∼1 GPa (tensile) on the films deposited on poly-Si.The higher tensile stress in the poly-Si sample could be a result of Si grain growth during annealing.
Thin Film Growth and Ion-Beam Modification: Md Simulations Going Beyond Simple Systems
Edwin F. C. Haddeman, Bouke S. Bunnik, Barend J. Thijsse
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 February 2011, 103
Molecular Dynamics computer simulations were used to explore a number of complex phenomena that occur during film growth and ion-surface interactions. A few examples are discussed. (1) Strong surface patterns develop when a Mo film is grown on a Mo(110) substrate, whereas they are absent for Mo on Mo(100). (2) Depositing a Mo film on a substrate containing two antiparallel (100)/(910) grain boundaries leads to complicated film morphologies in the grain boundary regions. Stresses, mosaic spread, and regions of fcc Mo are observed, and their stability is examined. (3) Cu films deposited on a Mo(110) substrate, a model system for interconnects in modern IC technology, are affected by the strong fcc/bcc interface mismatch. The Cu film properties are analyzed for thermally evaporated films and for films grown by argon ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD).
Deposition of Cubic-SiC Thin Films on Si (111) using the Molecular Ion Beam Technique
T. Matsumoto, K. Mimoto, M. Kiuchi, S. Sugimoto, S. Goto
SiC thin films were formed on Si (111) at growth temperatures of 750–1000 °C using the molecular ion beam technique, with a precursor of methylsilicenium ions (SiCH3 +). The chemical bindings and surface structures of SiC thin films were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and reflection high-energy electron diffraction. As a result, 3C-SiC (111) was grown on Si (111) substrates without carbonized treatments.
Modeling Metal Thin Film Growth under IPVD Conditions using Molecular Dynamics Rates in a Level Set Approach
U. Hansen, S. Rodgers, M. Nemirovskaya, K. F. Jensen
We present a recently developed method for modeling ionized physical vapor deposition. Using molecular dynamics techniques we examine the surface adsorption, reflection and sputter reactions taking place during ionized physical vapor deposition. We predict their relative probabilities and combine the information obtained from molecular dynamics into a transport model incorporating all effects of re-emission and re-sputtering. This provides a complete growth rate model that allows the inclusion of energy and angular dependent surface reaction rates. As an example, the method is applied to growth of an aluminum film under different deposition conditions.
Etching and Surface Smoothing with Gas-Cluster Ion Beams
D. B. Fenner, R. P. Torti, L. P. Allen, N. Toyoda, A. R. Kirkpatrick, J. A. Greer, V. Difilippo, J. Hautala
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 February 2011, 27
Surface processing of microelectronic materials by bombardment with nanoparticles of condensed gases (i.e., clusters) in the form of an ion beam, makes possible etching and smoothing of those surfaces to very high figures of merit. As this is not possible with any conventional ion method, gas-cluster ion-beam systems have great potential in manufacturing. The formation of gas clusters and their collision with surfaces provides an interesting arena for novel physics and surface science. This paper outlines a physical model for the clusters and surface interactions, and provides examples of surface processing. In particular, the reduction of surface roughness while etching by cluster-ion bombardment is illustrated for various materials utilized in microelectronics.
Growth of Metal Nucleus on Polyimide Surface with Photochemical Reaction
M. Tomita, M. Murahara
Circuit patterned nucleation of copper or nickel atoms onto polyimide surface was demonstrated by using ArF excimer laser (λ=193nm) and copper sulfate aqueous solution (CuSO4.5H2O+nH2O), or nickel sulfate aqueous solution (NiSO4–6H2O+nH2O) in an atmospheric pressure. Photo-excited C-H bonds of the polyimide surface were effectively dehydrated with hydrogen atoms which were photodissociated from the water. The dangling bonds of the dehydrated hydrogen atoms were combined with the oxygen and the copper or nickel atoms that were photodissociated by CuSO4 solution or NiSO4 solution. Thus, C-O-Cu bonds or C-O-Ni bonds were formed on the surface. After this copper and nickel substitution, it was carried out onto the nucleated parts by usual electroless plating at 70 °C. In this process, the conductive circuit patterned copper or nickel thin film was deposited on polyimide surface.
The Effect of Low-Energy Nitrogen Ions on the Growth Modes of Nitrides on Polymers used in the Microelectronics Industry
P. Abramowitz, M. Kiene, P. Ho
Ultra-thin titanium and tantalum nitride layers grown on three different dielectrics were studied to examine how low-energy ions change the chemical composition at and near their interface. Comparisons were made by growing titanium and tantalum nitride under similar conditions both with (ion-assisted) and without (reactive) nitrogen ions. Although the chemical reactions between the nitrides and the three dielectrics under both growth conditions depend on the type of dielectric used, a few general observations were seen. In comparison with the reactively grown samples, all of the ion-assisted growths show a significant increase in the amount of nitride in the nitride layer at and near the nitride/dielectric interface. Moreover, the amount of chemical binding between the titanium nitride and dielectric is increased when low-energy ions are used. Angle resolved x-ray photoemission determined that the enhancement in the deposition process from low-energy ions occurs without inducing significant intermixing between the nitride layer and dielectric. Although thicker layers of titanium nitride show a difference in the grain structure from ion deposition1, the ultra-thin layers grown in this work do not have any dependence with ion-assisted growth for the samples measured.
Low Energy Ion Assisted Vapor Deposition
X. W. Zhou, H. N. G. Wadley
The performance of multilayered thin film materials often depends sensitively upon the (physical) roughness and degree of (chemical) mixing at interfaces. Irradiation of a growth surface with an assisting ion beam is often used to modify surface roughness. Molecular dynamics has been used to explore the use of low energy (less than 20 eV) Xe+ and Ar+ assisted deposition of model Ni/Cu/Ni multilayers to control both physical roughness and chemical mixing. The study indicated that under normal ion incidence condition, ion energies as low as 3 eV could effectively flatten the relatively weakly bonded copper surface (and therefore the nickel on copper interface). Higher ion energies (at least 10 eV) were required to flatten the more strongly bonded nickel surface. Chemical intermixing by an exchange mechanism between a surface atom and an underlying atom in an already deposited layer depended upon the binding energy of the already deposited layer. As a result, significant chemical mixing occurred as 9 eV (and above) ions impacted with nickel atoms on an already deposited copper surface. At a given ion incident energy, (the heavier) Xe+ ions resulted in less roughness but more mixing. A modulated ion assistance strategy in which no assisting ion beam was used while depositing the first few monolayers of each new metal layer was found to successfully reduce both interfacial roughness and interlayer mixing.
Kev Ion Beam Induced Surface Modification of Sic Hydrogen Sensor
C. I. Muntele, D. Ila, E. K. Williams, D. B. Poker, D. K. Hensley
Silicon carbide, a wide-bandgap semiconductor, is currently used to fabricate an efficient high temperature hydrogen sensor. When a palladium coating is applied on the exposed surface of silicon carbide, the chemical reaction between palladium and hydrogen produces a detectable change in the surface chemical potential. Rather than applying a palladium film, we have implanted palladium ions into the silicon face of 6H, n-type SiC samples. The implantation energies and fluences, as well as the results obtained by monitoring the current through the sample in the presence of hydrogen are included below. The exposure to hydrogen of this kind of sensor while monitoring the current flow with respect to time, has revealed a completely different behavior than the samples that have Pd deposited as a surface layer.
ECR Plasma Oxidation: Dependence on Energy of Argon Ion
S. Matsuo, M. Yamamoto, T. Sadoh, T. Tsurushima, D. W. Gao, K. Furukawa, H. Nakashima
Effects of ion-irradiation on oxidation of silicon at low temperatures (130°C) in an argon and oxygen mixed plasma excited by electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) interaction are investigated. First, dependence of energy and flux of incident ions on the flow rate and the microwave power is evaluated. It is shown that the flow rate and the microwave power are key parameters for controlling the energy and the flux of incident ions, respectively. Second, growth kinetics of the oxide films are studied. The growth rate depends on the energy and the flux of argon ions irradiated to the substrate, and the growth thickness increases proportionally to the root square of the oxidation time. Thus, the growth rate is limited by diffusion of oxidants enhanced by irradiation with argon ions. The effect of substrate bias on oxidation characteristics is also discussed. The electrical properties of the oxide films are improved by increasing the bias. The improvement is due to the reduction of damage at the surface of the substrate induced by the irradiation.
A Molecular Dynamics Study of Implant-Induced Erosion of A (100)-Silicon Stepped Surface
A. M. Mazzone
The purpose of these simulations is to study the mechanisms leading to surface damage during low-energy implants. Therefore the bombarded surface has a realistic vicinal structure and contains one step edge, SA or SB. The damaging event is produced by an atom, Ar or Si, of a low kinetic energy (≤ 30eV), moving on the surface or below it. The simulation indicates a total etching of the first two layers of silicon and the ejection of the implanted Ar. These features are independent on the step structure, on the direction of motion of the moving atom and they hold over a broad range of temperatures. However. if Ar and Si move below this critical depth, they may remain in the lattice as interstitials. The preferred location of these defects is the tetrahedral location at the center of the hexagonal rings. In addition to the formation of interstitials, also a corrugation of the atomic rows on the surface is observed. This effect has a characteristic dependence on the step structure and it is remarkably more pronounced for the SB non-rebonded steps than in the other cases.
Ain Thin Films Prepared by Reactive Ion Beam Coating
L. L. Cheng, Y H. Yu, B. Sundaravel, E. Z. Luo, S. Lin, Y M. Lei, C. X. Ren, W. Y. Cheung, S. P. Wong, J. B. Xu, I. H. Wilson
Aluminum Nitride (AIN) is a promising material for a variety of technological applications because it has many exceptional properties, such as wide band gap (WBG) and negative electron affinity (NEA). AIN thin films were prepared by Reactive Ion Beam Coating. The properties of the AIN thin films may be a function of one of the preparation conditions: the beam energy. We used the non-Rutherford backscattering (non-RBS) and Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) results to analyze the composition of the AIN thin films. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was applied to study the morphology of films. On the other hand, electron field emission properties were also studied to find the relationship between the compositional, morphological and electron field emission properties of the AIN thin films.
Ion-Enhanced Dry Etching of Magnetic Multilayers: Post-Etch Cleaning and Effects of UV Illumination
H. Cho, K. P. Lee, K. B. Jung, F. Sharifi, J. Marburger, S. J. Pearton
Patterning of magnetic multilayer structures of the type used for MRAMs (e.g. NiFeCo/CoFe/Cu/CoFe/NiFeCo) is generally performed with ion milling, but this can degrade the coercivity of small (micron-size) MRAM elements and lead to sidewall redeposition. In high ion density reactive plasmas (Cl2/Ar) it is possible to produce ion-enhanced desorption of otherwise involatile halogenated reaction products, and achieve practical etch rates (∼600 Å/min) for the multilayers. However, removal of the chlorinated etch products from the feature sidewalls is critically important to avoid corrosion. We have used de-ionized water rinsing or in-situ exposure to H2, O2 or SF6 plasmas for removal of these etch residues. Some slight degradation in magnetization was observed in O2 plasma treated structures, but the other cleaning procedures produced no change in magnetic properties and excellent long-term stability. UV illumination of the sample surface during etching is also found to enhance etch rates, as has been reported previously for room temperature etching of Cu.[1]
Microstructural Evolution of Ion Bombarded Copper Thin Films
T. Wagner, D. Müller
The effect of low-energy ion bombardment on the microstructure of copper films will be described. The copper films have been deposited on SiNx-coated, oxidized Si wafers by magnetron sputtering with a simultaneous bombardment of low-energy argon ions (60 eV). The films were annealed at 450°C in HV. The ion bombardment leads to a stronger and sharper {111} texture of the as-deposited films. After annealing, the ion-bombarded films had a significantly smaller grain size than films produced without ion bombardment. The experimental results will be discussed relating the textures of the as-deposited films with the grain sizes obtained after annealing. Details will be given describing how the microstructure of Cu films can be tailored using low-energy argon ion bombardment.
Controlling the Diamond Film Morphology by Low-Energy Electron Bombardment
J. A. González, O. L. Figuero, B. R. Weiner, G. Morell
We studied the effects of low-energy electron bombardment during diamond growth over the film crystalline quality and morphology. The film growth was monitored via the effective extinction coefficient (k) at 1.96 eV with in situ ellipsometry, in order to determine the developmental stage of the film in real time. Taking advantage of this in situ monitoring, we triggered the electron bombardment over the growing surface at different growth stages and studied the corresponding induced changes in film morphology and crystalline quality. Ex situ Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also employed to evaluate the crystalline quality and the morphology of the grown films, respectively. We found that electron bombardment can be used to control the surface morphology of the films (triangular, pyramidal, square, amorphous). The results also indicate that applying the electron bombardment over the diamond film during the whole time of growth is detrimental to its crystalline quality and favors the formation of non-sp3 carbon. However, when the electron bombardment is triggered just after high quality scattered diamond crystallites have formed, the resulting film is of similar quality as those grown without bombardment. Therefore, properly chosen and triggered electron bombardment during diamond growth by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) can be used to control the film morphology while maintaining the film crystalline quality.
Novel Defects and Anisotropic Vacancy Diffusion on Reconstructed Surfaces
O. Rodríguez De La Fuente, M. A. González, J. M. Rojo
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 February 2011, 3
STM and molecular dynamics simulations are used to study Au(001) 5×25 reconstructed surfaces after Ar+ bombardment at 600 eV and ion doses from 0.05 to 1 ML+. Surface 2D dislocation dipoles, identified as such in a previous investigation, are shown to have dislocation properties and to be formed by anisotropic diffusion of surface vacancies along the ridges of the reconstructed topmost layer. A new vacancy diffusion mechanism involving intermediate states with de-localized vacancies is identified. Increasing ion fluences is shown to lead to the formation of vacancy islands that are nucleated at the dislocation dipoles.
Ion Beam Induced Growth Structure of Fluorite Type Oxide Films for Biaxially Textured HYSC Coated Conductors
Y. Iijima, M. Kimura, T. Saitoh
Biaxially aligned film growth by dual-ion-beam sputtering methods were studied for fluorite type (Zr0.85Y0.15O1.93(YSZ), Hf0.74Yb0.26O1.87, CeO2), pyrochlore type (Zr2Sm2O7), and rare-earth C type (Y2O3, Sm2O3) oxides on polycrystalline Ni-based alloy substrates. Cubetextured (all axes aligned with a <100> axis substrate normal) films were obtained for fluorite and pyrochlore ones by low energy (<300 eV) ion bombardment at low temperatures (< 300 °C). Besides, cube textured Y2O3 films were obtained in far narrower conditions with a quite low energy (150 eV)-ion bombardment at the temperature of 300 °C. The assisting ion energy dependence was discussed in connection with lattice energies for these oxide crystals.
A Comparison Between the Calculated and Experimental Effects of Enhanced Precursor Translational Kinetic Energy on SiC Growth on Si(100) and Si(L11) from Hexamethyldisilane
D. W. Beck, Q. Li, M. E. Kordesch
Silicon Carbide thin films were grown on Si(100) and (111) substrates at 1050EC using a pulsed supersonic beam of hexamethyldisilane (HMDS) in hydrogen. X-ray diffraction analysis shows that these films contain only the 3C cubic polytype, determined mainly by the SiC(111) diffraction peak at 22 = 35.6E, the SiC(200) peak at 22 = 41.4E and the SiC(220) peak at 22 = 60.OE.
The angle of incidence of the HMDS/hydrogen beam could be varied through an angle of 0 to 90E without displacing the specimen from the focal point of the beam. On the Si(100) surface, the film growth texture was monitored by measuring the ratio of the SiC(111) to (200) diffraction peak intensity for beam incidence angles of 0, 30, 45 and 60E. On Si(111). The SiC(111)/(220) ratio was monitored. An 8-fold increase in the incident translational kinetic energy of the precursor molecules can be achieved at the highest glancing angle. In general, the effects of enhanced translational kinetic energy on SiC film growth were insignificant, in agreement with calculations of the sticking probability for SiC homoepitaxial growth with seeded beams on SiC [1]. Further examination of the films with SEM and AFM revealed the growth of epitaxial islands at low coverages, and the process of island coalescence.
Layer Splitting by H-Ion Implantation in Silicon: Lower Limit on Layer Thickness?
C. Qian, B. Terreault
The Smart-Cut™ process and its variants involve H and/or He ion implantation and annealing to neatly exfoliate a layer of material as thin as the ion range. At low ion energy, as required for further miniaturisation, several effects may inhibit the process. We implanted undoped Si (100), (110) and (111) with 5 keV H or D ions at doses below (3–4×1016/cm2) or above (5.5×1016/cm2) the critical dose for blistering. The samples were either isochronally annealed for 1h or 2h in three steps at 500, 550 and 600°C, or subjected to thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS) with linear ramps of 7.5 K/min up to 500, 550 or 600°C. The surface morphology was observed at each step by scanning electron or atomic force microscopy. Below the critical blistering dose, TDS only shows a broad high temperature (∼525°C) peak, while above that dose, a low temperature peak (∼360°C) also appears, though weakly in the case of (110) samples. The exfoliated area (as % of total surface) increases with temperature, and also varies with wafer orientation, being minimum for (110) samples and maximum for (111) samples. This orientation effect is much more pronounced for H-implants than for D-implants. All these trends indicate that ion channelling leads to an inhibition of exfoliation.


Khabib vs Poirier next, what's next for Max?
Discussion in 'UFC Discussion' started by shoorik1987, Apr 14, 2019.
So after the great card last night. The next fight in the light weight is Poirier vs Khabib. How do you guys see that fight going?
Will Dustins high school wrestling background be enough to stuff Khabib's takedowns and keep the fight standing? He is a really hard puncher and in my opinion he outboxed Holloway, if not in the amount of punches landed but in the damage dealt. He was really close in the first round to knocking Max out and wobbled him good 2 times.
I was also impressed with Dustin's cardio and that he could keep a good pace throughout the fight.
In my opinion this will be a really interesting fight since Dustin has a better striking game than Khabib and also has BJJ black belt. His wrestling probably inferior to Khabib's, but might be enough to keep the fight standing in the later rounds.
About Max... maybe a rematch with Conor?
Feed Conor to these lions and end his hype for good.
Conor will gas in the 2nd at the pace Max presents.
and 68 others like this, evergreenrider and spooNN like this.
He'll probably just end up doing Diaz 3 though.
evergreenrider and Chok Sok Te like this.
I think Gaetche matches up best with Khabib, good enough wrestling not to get held down, brutal leg kicks, solid chin and power.
TapMachine and Chok Sok Te like this.
Yeah I think his "high school wrestling" will win it for him.
and 68 others like this and DADA360 like this.
He can't be getting dropped every other fight though if he wants the title shot, he needs to build up a decent win streak and for that he needs to fight smarter and be winning consistently.
Max might have Volkanovski if he gets past Aldo.
You can't go off his "highschool wrestling", as he has obviously developed it since then. It's like saying Khabib has "zero striking", when he has obviously developed that part of his game since turning pro.
I feel like Poirier lands some shots but Khabib gets the decision.
If Aldo wins, give Zabit the shot. Aldo can fight Ortega and continue his tour of killing everyone at 145 not named Max.
Also, is it just me or after watching tonight's fight, does Max not seem like such a huge 145 lb fighter anymore?
And for a long time we all probably wanted to see Aldo at 155 but....He'd be a midget compared to guys like Dustin.
Volk if he beats Aldo should be obvious.
If Poirier loses to Khabib rematch at 145 could be decent option. But Max should have had a fight by then.
Tough fight for Dustin. Khabib has an iron chin & much improved striking & I wasn't impressed with Dustin's grappling last night. My suspicion is that Khabib smashes him pretty easily.
Khabib is great but I feel like Gaetche and Poirer are both very difficult fights for him.
I don't think Gaethje is going to stop Khabib from taking him down, but he might force Khabib to work very hard for those takedowns. Out of the Ferguson-Poirier-Gaethje trinity, Gaethje is the toughest fight for Khabib for sure.
This. I would rather see Gaethje vs Khabib.
1. Khabib will destroy DP with ease. Dustin is so bad going backwards and Khabib will eat him up.
2. Conor would KO both Dustin and Max at LW.
His leg kicks will get him taken down at will.


text:
Ashe scores 1,000th career point in DSU women's victory
Feb 1st, 2020 · by Tim Mastro · Comments: 0
DOVER — Lanayjha Ashe stuck it out at Delaware State.
Now she's enjoying a winning conference season and some personal milestones along the way.
Ashe scored the 1,000th point of her Delaware State career to highlight a 72-55 victory over Coppin State in a women's basketball Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference contest on Saturday. The Hornets improved to 4-2 in conference and 8-11 overall.
Ashe is the 11th player in program history to score 1,000 points.
"It's been a long four years but some good came out of it," Ashe said. "With the help of my team, I was able to do this. My teammates motivate me to want to be great. We've got a good squad this year and I like the route we're going in."
Ashe scored 13 points Saturday to end the game with exactly 1,000.
"She's a great kid," said second-year DSU coach Dave Caputo. "I didn't recruit her but that doesn't matter, she's my kid and she's earned the right to be here. She works hard everyday and most importantly is a great student, a high honor student. She's a warrior, a great human being and she deserves to get that 1,000th point."
Tierra Floyd led the Hornets with 14 points and nine rebounds. Sharajah Collins also finished in double figures with 10 points and added six rebounds of her own.
Janasia Law had seven points and four assists while DeMaurea Moore contributed six points and seven rebounds.
The Hornets overcame a 26.3 percent shooting mark in the first quarter which saw them behind 12-11. Delaware State then shot 61.5 percent from the floor in the second quarter to take a 33-28 lead at halftime.
The Hornets then out-scored Coppin State (0-8 MEAC, 0-20 overall) 18-8 in the third quarter to take full control.
The slow start to the game did disappoint Caputo though.
"I think so highly of my team, that's why I'm not happy right now," Caputo said. "I know we can play better on both sides of the ball. We showed some good things in clips but we got to get better. I'm really not satisfied with one particular thing that we did. I know it sounds negative but it's more that I think so highly of them and know we can play better."
Tags:Delaware State Hornets


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Updike won a Pulitzer Prize in 1982 for "Rabbit is Rich" and again in 1991 for "Rabbit at Rest." In 1989, he was awarded the prestigious National Medal of Arts in a White House ceremony. Updike's more recent works include "In the Beauty of the Lilies," "The Afterlife and Other Stories," "Brazil" and "Memories of the Ford Administration, A Novel."
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AOL chairman and CEO Tim Armstrong on Thursday told Adweek that the wealth of available consumer data will help the industry evolve beyond attributing the bulk of advertising value to last-click data to measuring total exposures to conversions. With that in mind, the executive said that he wants AOL to be at the forefront of reporting those metrics back to brands.
"It's in line with our long-term strategy of building the best media technology companies," Armstrong said.
Armstrong spoke in the wake of AOL's acquisition of Convertro, a Santa Monica, Calif., ad tech firm that collects data on multiplatform campaigns with an eye toward helping brands make more effective media investments. The Convertro will allow AOL to offer cross-channel ad attribution while providing advertisers with a more complete picture of how well their ads are performing.
"We essentially look at the ad business as a full stack of technology, and we're putting together a full stack end-to-end," Armstrong said.
AOL is also investing in content creation, via initiatives like Huffpost Live and the 16 Web series that were announced at the NewFronts. Armstrong added that AOL is expanding its curation services through the acquisition of the multiscreen content-optimization company, Gravity.
In the near term, AOL is looking to whip its balance sheet back into order. While its Q1 advertising revenue was up 16 percent year-over-year, AOL's net income fell 64 percent. The company attributed the decrease in diluted earnings per share, which dropped from $0.32 to $0.11, to a $12 million pre-tax restructuring charge and a $10 million asset impairment charge.
Armstrong stayed focused on the positive, pointing out that the latest earnings report marks five quarters in a row of revenue, traffic and profit growth. He added that the ad platform is expected to be profitable by the end of the year.


text:
Johannes Casper Wenderoth
(1705-Cir 1777)
1. Anna Margaretha Strep
Anna Maria Wenderoth
Johann Jacob Winteroth Sr.+
Johann Adam Wintroth
Johannes Casper Wenderoth 1
Born: 11 Dec 1705, Bammental, , BW, DEU 1
Marriage (1): Anna Margaretha Strep on 16 Jan 1732 in Meckesheim, , BW, DEU
Died: Cir 1777, Frederick, Frederick, MD about age 72 1
Another name for Johannes was John Caspar Winterodem.
1. Religion: in Frederick: Evangelical Reformed German Church, Frederick, MD 1
2. Residence: in , Frederick, MD. 1 Caspar raised his family on a farm about five miles south and a little west of present Frederick, Maryland.
3. He immigrated the ship Pleasant on 11 Oct 1732 to Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. 1 Passenger list:
AMBROSS, Mathies
BADNER, Ulrich
BAR, George
BASLER, Ulrich
BASSLER, Friedrich
ECKERT, Henrich
FAVIAN, Georg Michel
FLACK, Hans Georg
GAMBER, Johannes
GLASBRENNER, Conrad
HOFFMAN, Hans Michel
HORNBERGER, Jacob
JURIAN, Matthias
KELLER, Georg
KLEM, Jacob Friederich
KOLB, Conrath
KRESLER, Hans Philip
KUNTZER, Hans Bern
MESS, Georg
MILLER, Felix
MOAK, Johannes
MULLER, Valentin
NOTZ, Friederich
PADUM, Jacob
PED, Georg Hans
PETERS, Ulrich
RAUDENBUSCH, Isaac
ROTH, Henrich
ROWP, Conrad
SCHILLING, Hans Adam
SCHLLING, Phillip
SCHNATTERLY, Geo. Philip
SCHNATTERLY, Han Michel
SENCK, Johann Georg
SIEGMUND, Hans Peter
SPENGLER, Baltzer
SPENGLER, Georg
SPENGLER, Henrich
TAFFELMEYER, Johannes
TIMANUS, Johan Jacob
WENTEROTT, Joh. Casper
(The original list is herewith given)
AKERS, Henrey.....................40
AMBROSE, Marthies.............37
BARE, jarrick.........................21
BETTERMAN, Ulrey.............25
CAMBORD, Johannes............32
CARNE, Jarrick......................25
CLASPANNER, Connard........30
CLIM, Jacob Fridrick...............17
COCH, Micharl........................33
COLP, Connard........................34
COUNTS, Barnet......................35
CRASLER, Philip.....................20
FAVON, Jarrick Michr..............23
FAVON, Micharl.......................30
FOLLICK, Jarick.......................30
FROCK, Jacob...........................40
HELLABRAN, Connard............34
HOFMAN, Hance Michrl...........34
HORBARGER, Jacob................33
JARGON, Marthiy.....................30
KELLER, jarrick........................20
KELLER, Johannes....................32
LUTES, Lennard........................24
MELLER, Felicks......................40
MENEIR, David........................__
MENNER, David.......................20
MESS, Jarrick............................50
MILLER, Vallintine....................32
MOKE, Johannes........................34
NOTS, Fridrick...........................32
PASLER, Fridrich.......................36
PASSAGE, J. George..................___
PETTERS, Jarrick Henrick.........19
PETTERS, Ulrick.......................24
PISELL, Jarrick..........................23
PODOM, Jacob...........................18
RALFURE, Connard...................29
RALFURE, Petter.......................25
ROCH, Henrey............................20
ROUDDEBUS, Isick...................27
ROUPE, Connar..........................33
SENET, Jarrick...........................25
SHILHN, Phillip..........................30
SHILLIN, Adam..........................24
SIGMOUNT, Hance Petter..........22
SNATHERLY, Hance Micharl.....25
SNATTHERLY, Jarrick Phillip....28
SPINGLER, Henrey.....................26
SPINGLER, Jarrick......................31
SPINGLER, Palster......................24
SPRALER, Cristofour...................33
SWISER, Androw.........................33
TABLEMIER, Johannes................23
TINMANER, Johanna Jacob.........20
WINTEROUT, Gasper..................28
4. Property in 1744. 2 In 1744 a Warrant was granted to Caspar Wenderoth of Prince George County, Md. [today's Frederick Co. Md.], for fifty acres of land, he having paid fifty Shillings Sterling.
5. Property in 1745 in , Frederick, MD. He received Warrants for 70 acres additional in 1745. This estate was referred to as "Wolf Pit Acres". The land was located about four miles southwest of Frederic town, and was along Baltis Fouts run (now Ballinger Creek).
6. Fact: 1748, , Frederick, MD. 3 Caspar Wenderoth was on a "Black List" in 1748. Apparently a crooked Sheriff and some other officers forced the farmers in Frederick to pay their yearly rents and taxes more than once and added "penalties". For a period prior to 1750, the area was taxed by both Pennsylvania and Maryland. Caspar and several other farmers, paid their land rent under protest.
Johannes married Anna Margaretha Strep on 16 Jan 1732 in Meckesheim, , BW, DEU. (Anna Margaretha Strep was born on 7 Jun 1711 in Meckesheim, , BW, DEU 1 and died circa 1772 in Frederick, Frederick, MD 1.)
1 Carpenter, Vern A, Wenderoth Families of Germany (1987.), Pages 1-7.
2 Annapolis Hall of Records, LGD 1742-1745, p.272,514.
3 Carpenter, Vern A, Wenderoth Families of Germany (1987.), Pages 11-12.


text:
Questa pagina raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti il Nuovo Calcio Trento nelle competizioni ufficiali della stagione 1998-1999.

Rosa

Bibliografia

1998-1999

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Haves and the Have-Nots season 5 premiere date speculation
The Haves and the Have-Nots September 13, 2017
The most important thing that we can say in this article is that there will be a The Haves and the Have-Nots season 5 on OWN. The Tyler Perry-produced show has become a significant hit at the network, and has a devoted audience both in terms of viewers and social media.
So now that we at CarterMatt have laid all of that out there on the table, it's now time to look more towards the future. When could the show actually return with new episodes? Luckily, this is a series that is a little easier to predict premiere dates for than the vast majority of the ones that are out there on cable. Unless there's something crazy that happens between now and the new year, odds are that the show is going to be coming right back on the air in January with another batch of episodes. Suffice it to say, we're very much stoked to bring you some more news on that once it is official!
For now, we would just say to mark your calendars for the first or second week in January, and know that OWN doesn't have any plans to end the show in the near future. There is also zero reason for them to want to move away from this, given that they've been able to do something with The Haves and the Have-Nots that the majority of other networks only dream of. They've been able to launch a primetime drama series that is character-based, and be able to sell it without any of the frills or some of the silly stuff that you do tend to see from some other programs.
Did the show need a cliffhanger at the end of season 4? Probably not, but you gotta admit that what they came up with when it comes to Veronica was a pretty incredible way to send things off until the new year. That is an ending that is going to keep you guessing for a while, or at least starting up some feverish conversations all across social media.
For now, just take a deep breath, know that the series is going to come back, and start to speculate away as to what is coming up next. We're sure that there will be a certain degree of pressure to top in season 5 what transpired over the course of season 4.
When do you want the The Haves and the Have-Nots season 5 premiere date to be?
Feel free to let us know right now in the comments! Of course, we're going to be back with some additional news when it comes to the series in due time. (Photo: OWN.)
Annamary Angie Brown-Green
If Loving You Is Wrong is going off I would like to know when Have And Have Nots is going to start.


Language learning involves two key items: Learning and memorization. One might argue hard against blind memorization and to some extent would be right. But let's face it, certain aspects do call for blind memorization and there's no wishing it away no matter how well you understand the concept. Take vocabulary for example. If mano means hand, mano means hand. There's nothing to understand there. You've got to memorize it one way or another in order to be able to use it in a conversation.
Memorizing isn't fun. That's what makes vocabulary the single biggest motivation-killer among rookie learners. Add to it the fact that there's virtually an infinite amount of stuff to memorize! For example how many words would be enough? Looks like nothing short of the entire dictionary would do! That's an impractically frustrating goal, isn't it? And then there's the challenge of retaining everything you memorized. Each word takes like a gazillion repetitions to drive home – only to conveniently sneak out of memory a few days down the line. I had a tough time dealing with words when I was a learner myself which is why I came up with the hacks I am going to discuss here.
Like I said, memorizing the entire dictionary is not only impractical but also extremely wasteful. Why not learn only what's necessary? You do realize that you don't need every word there is in your day-to-day conversations, right? Wise men have done copious amount of research on this subject and given us something known as word-frequency list.
These researchers have unanimously concluded that we only use a very small fraction of the entire lexicon for all practical purposes. The exact numbers vary from one language to another, of course. But the theory holds water in each case. In the case of Spanish, turns out, only 1,000 words contribute to over 80% of all written and spoken communications on a daily basis! That's great news, isn't it? Now you have a tangible goal. Memorizing 1,000 words certainly seems more doable than aimlessly memorizing everything there is. This is important because with a quantified goal, now you can estimate how much time it should take you to get from here to proficiency.
You're building a vocabulary, not your biceps. Reps are good for muscles, not for memory. The biggest drawback of rote rehearsal is its inefficiency. You spend hours, sometimes days, saying the stuff out aloud like a maniac – only to lose it in a few days. That amount of time could have been invested in so many more interesting things!
The problem with rote memorization is that it's so inorganic. You just repeat the word along with its meaning an insane number of times in an attempt to force your brain into accepting them as related. This is super clumsy. Since your brain doesn't naturally see a connection between the words, you end up having to mentally translate the words every time you need to use them. And if you stop using the word for a while, your brain could even lose it completely, rendering your memorization efforts useless.
So what's the alternative? Make it organic. Make your brain see a natural relationship between the word and its meaning. That way you won't need to translate while talking and you'll sound more fluid. That way you also won't forget the word if not used for a while. That way you'll also save a ton of time otherwise wasted in aimless repetitions. How do you make it organic? Well, there are two easy ways I can come up with: Etymology and word-association. Both are memory hacks anyone could employ without a lot of preparation.
Spanish comes from Latin. And Latin has a massive influence on English despite the latter being a Germanic tongue. What this means is that a whole bunch of Spanish words share a common heritage with their English counterparts. This is good news because we can exploit this to our advantage.
Languages evolve. Words distort over time. But despite the change, many words stay close enough to their roots to still appear related to their cousins in another language. This can help us make word-associations. Rote rehearsal involves forcing your brain into accepting a relationship between a foreign word and its meaning. Since it's forced, it fails. With etymology, we simply help our brain see a natural relationship between the words.
Take, for example, the word casa. That's Spanish for house. You might find it hard to see any relationship between the two words. But let's dig into its history. Casa comes directly from Latin. While the original Latin word entered Spanish without any modification, it also entered English with some corruption over time. Latin casa entered English as words like case and casino! A case houses stuff; a casa houses people. See the similarity? Doesn't casa suddenly look familiar now? This is how you memorize foreign words without a single minute of rote rehearsal – using etymology.
Not all words have a history good enough for our purposes. Let's not forget that English is still inherently a Germanic tongue which means not all words are going to have a Latin heritage. Besides, even words with Latin origins might not qualify for an etymology hack at times, especially if it has corrupted beyond recognition. Those are situations ripe for mnemonics. You can call this trick anything from visualization to word-association and from mnemonics to bridge-technique. All it involves is creating a mental bridge between the foreign word and its meaning in order to spoof a connection. This is just to fool your brain into seeing an organic connection between the two.
Take, for example, the word ojo. That's Spanish for eye. Now, ojo doesn't look anything like eye and the two words don't even have a common family tree. So, instead of etymology, we bank on our creativity. We make ojo look like eye to our brain with a little imagination. Look at the Spanish word again. Dwell on it for a while. Doesn't it look like an owl with two eyes and a beak? Picture the two o's as the two large eyes of that owl and the j as its beak! Now every time you think eye, you'll picture this owl and that will lead you to ojo.
Of course, this was a very easy example; but the idea can be applied to any word regardless of how complex it appears. I have used it even with words like cempasúchil!
Here's another example to illustrate the trick: Mujer, Spanish for woman. Mujer looks and sounds a little like music. It also kind of rhymes with teacher. Let's combine the two. Imagine having a woman as your music teacher at school. Make your imagination as vivid as possible. Give her a character, a personality. Maybe she's super sweet and kind? She is very old? She sings like a bird? She can play like 6 different instruments?
The more details you put in, the easier she will be to recall. Now every time you think woman, you'll recall this music teacher who will lead you to mujer. Mujer also rhymes with hair, so you can give your imaginary music teacher a distinct hairdo to reinforce the connection.
So, vocabulary building is not as monotonous and dead-beat as it seems, after all. All it takes is a little out-of-the-box thinking. You could memorize new words literally in a blink if you have the right connections made for you.
Word frequency: Only memorize what you need. 1,000 words are more than sufficient in Spanish for most practical purposes.
Etymology: English and Spanish share a lot of history in Latin and many Spanish words can be linked to their English counterpart using etymology despite appearing unrelated at first. Use this to your advantage, making alien-looking words more familiar.
Word association: Any two words, no matter how disjoint, can be synthetically bridged with a little ingenuity and imagination. Think of words and ideas that seem to bridge the two words and work your way from there. If using imagination, make it as vivid and detailed as possible, maybe wacky even. This will help the image stand out and stay in memory longer.
Let's face it, learning a new language is not easy. It takes a lot of perseverance and will-power. But with these tricks, vocabulary should no longer be one of your issues. And that's a big relief, isn't it?
About the Author: Amit Schandillia is a Spanish language evangelist, blogger, and author from India. He has also authored a 1,400-page ebook on using homebrew memory hacks to memorize more than 2,000 most important words in Spanish. He writes at PeppyBurro where continues to help independent language-learners with his expertise.