text:
A Rao-Blackwellized particle filter for joint parameter estimation and biomass tracking in a stochastic predator-prey system
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Effect of intraocular pressure on the hemodynamics of the central retinal artery: A mathematical model
2014, 11(3): 547-571. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2014.11.547
A model of optimal dosing of antibiotic treatment in biofilm
Mudassar Imran 1, and Hal L. Smith 2,
Department of Mathematics, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1804
Received December 2012 Revised June 2013 Published January 2014
Biofilms are heterogeneous matrix enclosed micro-colonies of bacteria mostly found on moist surfaces. Biofilm formation is the primary cause of several persistent infections found in humans. We derive a mathematical model of biofilm and surrounding fluid dynamics to investigate the effect of a periodic dose of antibiotic on elimination of microbial population from biofilm. The growth rate of bacteria in biofilm is taken as Monod type for the limiting nutrient. The pharmacodynamics function is taken to be dependent both on limiting nutrient and antibiotic concentration. Assuming that flow rate of fluid compartment is large enough, we reduce the six dimensional model to a three dimensional model. Mathematically rigorous results are derived providing sufficient conditions for treatment success. Persistence theory is used to derive conditions under which the periodic solution for treatment failure is obtained. We also discuss the phenomenon of bi-stability where both infection-free state and infection state are locally stable when antibiotic dosing is marginal. In addition, we derive the optimal antibiotic application protocols for different scenarios using control theory and show that such treatments ensure bacteria elimination for a wide variety of cases. The results show that bacteria are successfully eliminated if the discrete treatment is given at an early stage in the infection or if the optimal protocol is adopted. Finally, we examine factors which if changed can result in treatment success of the previously treatment failure cases for the non-optimal technique.
Keywords: perturbation, Antibiotic treatment, stability., biofilm, bactericidal, persistence.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 49J15, 92C50; Secondary: 92C45, 34D1.
Citation: Mudassar Imran, Hal L. Smith. A model of optimal dosing of antibiotic treatment in biofilm. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2014, 11 (3) : 547-571. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2014.11.547
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Eduard Marušić-Paloka, Igor Pažanin. Homogenization and singular perturbation in porous media. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, , () : -. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2020279
Manxue You, Shengjie Li. Perturbation of Image and conjugate duality for vector optimization. Journal of Industrial & Management Optimization, 2020 doi: 10.3934/jimo.2020176
Feifei Cheng, Ji Li. Geometric singular perturbation analysis of Degasperis-Procesi equation with distributed delay. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2021, 41 (2) : 967-985. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020305
Divine Wanduku. Finite- and multi-dimensional state representations and some fundamental asymptotic properties of a family of nonlinear multi-population models for HIV/AIDS with ART treatment and distributed delays. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2021 doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2021005
Skyler Simmons. Stability of broucke's isosceles orbit. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2021 doi: 10.3934/dcds.2021015
Eduard Feireisl, Elisabetta Rocca, Giulio Schimperna, Arghir Zarnescu. Weak sequential stability for a nonlinear model of nematic electrolytes. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2021, 14 (1) : 219-241. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2020366
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Mudassar Imran Hal L. Smith


text:
from shovel import task

@task
def hello(name):
    '''Prints hello and the provided name'''
    print('Hello, %s!' % name)

@task
def sumnum(*args):
    '''Computes the sum of the provided numbers'''
    print('%s = %f' % (' + '.join(args), sum(float(arg) for arg in args)))

@task
def attributes(name, **kwargs):
    '''Prints a name, and all keyword attributes'''
    print('%s has attributes:' % name)
    for key, value in kwargs.items():
        print('\t%s => %s' % (key, value))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Buy Beautiful rose seed for garden at narvay.com with easy to follow instructions. Our seeds are very easy to cultivate and the survival rate is very high from 30% to 80%.Frequently bought together. Futaba Rare Rainbow Rose Seeds - 100 Pcs. +. NooElec Seeds India Cotton Candy Rose Flower Seeds.
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Cosplayer Yvonne Huang from Taiwan joined us in last year's Otaku House Cosplay Idol Solo Showcase and won hearts with her Hatsune Miku Amayumerou cosplay. Let's get up close with her and take a look at more of her awesome cosplays in the gallery below!
Indonesian cosplayer Risa Crimson submitted her Erza Scarlet photo on the Otaku House Cosplay Idol Showcase last year and we decided check out more of her cosplays in 'Cosplayers Around the World'. Join the Otaku House Cosplay Idol 2012 contest for a chance to be featured in this column.
This issue of "Cosplayers Around the World" pays a visit to Canadian cosplayer, Attyca, who talks about how her hobby and course of study supported each other.
Beautiful cosplayer Meiji Greenie shares her experiences of her cosplay life in Vietnam in this issue of Cosplayers Around the World. Meiji Greenie was a finalist in Otaku House Cosplay Idol 2011 contest. To join this year's contest or check out the contestants this year, go to cosplayidol.otakuhouse.com *Contest currently open to North America category….
Descending from her fantasy planet of cosplaying, Malaysian cosplayer Venus Lim shares with us her cosplay experiences and how CLAMP inspired her. Venus Lim was a finalist in Otaku House Cosplay Idol 2011. This year's contest is launching soon. Stay tuned to our website or facebook for updates!
Today on the 'Cosplayers Around the World' column, we are featuring one of the European finalists on the Otaku House Cosplay Idol 2011 contest, Naga Zmeyuka from Russia. She took everyone's breath away with her amazing Banshee cosplay, and now she's back to show us more of that epic costume!


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Shannon Thorpe took the leap in 2016. Tired of working for other brewers, Shannon decided it was time to test his nous and open his own brewery. He teamed up with Wellington hospitality veterans Andrew Williams and Jamie Williams, convinced award-winning brewer Dale Cooper to quit his day job, and together they formed Fortune Favours. Fortune Favours saved an old industrial building and restored it as a new brewpub, brewing on site and serving fresh beer and food. The old furniture restoration business was becoming surrounded by bold new bars and food venues in the revived Leeds Street precinct, and Fortune Favours was happy to add its brewery to this mix.


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Home » City Life
Search continues after Austin woman and infant mysteriously disappear
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Easy Tiger roars into East Austin with new bakery and beer garden
Here, everything's better
H-E-B's innovative East Austin tech hub bags award for coolest office space
H-E-B's innovative East Austin tech hub bags award for coolest office
Texas served as the inspiration for the design. Rendering courtesy of H-E-B
The new tech hub opened on June 24. Rendering courtesy of H-E-B
Bike parking, showers, and more wellness spots are among the highlights. Rendering courtesy of H-E-B
IA Interior Architects led the interiors. Rendering courtesy of H-E-B
The open-concept offices also include more than 50 meeting rooms. Photo courtesy of H-E-B
H-E-B's innovative East Austin office space is making headlines once again.
H-E-B's Eastside Tech Hub, which opened in June at 2416 E. Sixth St., carted away the top honor in the Austin Business Journal's second annual Coolest Offices in Austin contest. Indeed.com's headquarters at North Austin's Domain development was the runner-up.
Through online voting, Business Journal readers chose the winner, who was announced December 17. The hub is home to H-E-B digital operations and the Austin-based Favor delivery app, which the grocery chain purchased in 2018 .
San Antonio-based H-E-B tapped San Francisco-based IA Interior Architects to help convert the former warehouse in East Austin into an 81,000-square-foot office space for hundreds of H-E-B employees. The space is within walking distance of the grocery chain's recently renovated store on East Seventh Street.
The two-story, open-office concept features more than 50 meeting rooms equipped with high-end technology and videoconferencing equipment; a coffee bar; lounges with couches and hammocks; an amphitheater; and a wellness center offering a rock-climbing wall, fitness classes, bicycle parking, and showers.
"The workspace celebrates the unique identities of both H-E-B and Favor as well as thoughtfully integrates Texas throughout the interior design with native plants, furniture from Marfa, and artwork from several Texas-based makers and artists," H-E-B says in a December 17 release.
Throughout the workweek, H-E-B shuttles employees between its Austin tech hub and its San Antonio offices. The company plans to open a tech center at its San Antonio headquarters that will accommodate as many as 1,000 employees.
"The Eastside Tech Hub enables us to have a strong tech presence in both Austin and San Antonio, while fostering a better connection between our teams across the two cities," Jag Bath, chief digital officer of H-E-B and CEO of Favor, said in a June release.
Digital pharmacy prescribes free same-day delivery service for Austin

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hey guys and girls hope everyone is doing well. As usual if I am on here writing all the time and not doing what really makes money than you know I am lying. I haven't been on here in a while so what does that tell you? Anyhow I know I told you about Expired Article Hunter a few months ago and it used to work well but now it doesn't work at all. I tried to contact their support team and no one ever answered me back so I gave up on them. That made me really sad too because I don't like to write especially if I don't have a big interest in it. So now I have to come up with my own content but I am not a really good writer and if your like me you want to spend your time cashing in and not writing all the time! So I looked at how expired article hunter was built and I thought I could use their system to come up with free articles at least. Below is my step by step method to get completely free unique content if you have anything else to add please put it in the comment section below because as usual I would like to here about it.
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PaBlog: The value of non conformity !
The value of non conformity !
I recently chatted with a group of students and business people in Honduras about how Britt has managed to build a company using gourmet coffee and chocolate as our raw materials. I described how we took these products — the very same products found in Honduras — and transformed them into fine, finished gourmet goods under the Britt brand, and how we did it all from Central America. After many years of hard work, these products are highly valued by consumers of many cultures and in many countries. We hoped our actions would encourage young people to set high goals for themselves and never settle for conventional wisdom — the analysis of what won't work without a vision of what could be.
I thought that a message of optimism, based on our own real experience at Britt in overcoming obstacles, could be valuable in a country like Honduras. More than half the population there lives below the poverty level. Recent years have been filled with violence and political strife, and as a result young entrepreneurs find it hard to arrange financing for their projects. Honduran students and business people are today faced with many of the same limitations that we experienced at Britt in the 1990s, when we were just getting started turning our dreams into realities.
We approached business with a certain degree of rebelliousness and irreverence. When we were getting started in Costa Rica it was illegal to sell export–quality coffee within the country. At the time, a sort of "Berlin Wall" separated export-quality coffee from "domestic-consumption coffee". The quality of this "domestic-consumption coffee" was so horrible that it was dyed a greenish-blue color to ensure it would never be sold abroad. We challenged the authorities and succeeded in changing the rules so Costa Ricans could drink the same premium coffee enjoyed by coffee lovers around the world – without leaving our country. This is only one example, but I can assure you, based on personal experience, that whenever you have a truly innovative idea, the "experts" will most certainly oppose it. The most common reason they'll give you is that it won't work because no one's ever done it before.
We let our authenticity do the talking. We've never pretended to be something we're not. Our marketing has always remained true to our products' true characteristics. I always tell new coworkers in our Britt Shops that an advantage of working for Britt is that we'll never ask them to embellish the qualities of anything we sell. All we ask is that they study each product's characteristics, sample the edible products and learn where the product comes from and its history. Our slogan, "From the plantation to your cup" reflects this desire to be familiar with the whole process and what happens at each of its steps. We live in a globalized world, but we human beings still enjoy our cultural differences and the unique products that give each of our countries their own "sense of place." Britt operates in many countries. Much of our work focuses on highlighting the unique and authentic elements of each culture.
We've held a consistent market position over time. It's based on our obsession with quality. Anyone who has enjoyed our products over the years knows what I'm talking about. At Britt, we expect the same quality that is found in our products to extend to our service. That brings me to my next point.
We've made a real effort to show good taste in everything we do. When we exceed our customers' expectations with our personalized service, attractive products and pleasant, authentic shopping atmosphere, we achieve the "Wow! Factor" we're looking for. Achieving a Wow! Factor based on good taste is the epitome. It's the best we can do. Curiously, achieving that level of service doesn't mean we're perfect or that we never make mistakes. We contribute to the Wow! Factor even more when we take great care to resolve a customer complaint and follow up by asking if there's anything else we can do. We foster customer loyalty by admitting when we make mistakes and working hard to quickly find a solution.
Companies are made up of people. That's the bottom line. Great companies are built on people who challenge conformity, who are authentic and of sound character. If we take all of that and add an element of good taste, we're well on our way to building not only a good company, but a great one.


Talk with your bank initially to determine if they provide boat loans and if they do, inquire about the rates and the loan term but if they do not, call other banks or check the websites of various banks nationally and locally. Banks are invariably respectable lenders as they've secure backing and loan approval is also quick as long as you have a good credit standing. You can also look into financial services companies which are often associated to local, regional and national lenders. Their advertisements can be observed in assorted publications, and web sites committed to boating. If you are a member of a union, discover if it offers boat loans as credit unions supply the most appealing rates among the 3 sources brought up here. Union members can easily get authorized, so get hold of them and inquire about a competitive loan.
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The Solana Beach School District recently announced the appointment of Becky Gauthier as principal of Solana Santa Fe Elementary School and Matthew Frumovitz as principal of Solana Highlands Elementary School.
Gauthier has served as interim principal at Solana Santa Fe School since Dec. 2, 2013.
From August through December 2013, Frumovitz served as assistant principal to Carmel Creek and Solana Highlands schools. Since Jan. 6, 2014, Frumovitz has served as interim principal for Solana Highlands School.
Gauthier and Frumovitz "will collaborate with staff, students and families to continue the legacies of excellence at these schools" to the conclusion of the current year, as well as "provide a vision for the 2014-15 school year and beyond," according to the district.


Kenyan forces pulled out of two towns in southern Somalia on Tuesday and Islamic extremists quickly moved into one of them according to residents.
The Kenyans' withdrawal came after an attack by Islamic extremists who claimed to have killed many Kenyan peacekeepers recently.
The town of El-Ade, where the January 15 attack happened, is "no man's land now" after Kenyan troops started withdrawing early Tuesday and heading toward the Kenyan border, said resident Ahmed Hassan. He said many residents started returning to their homes after the Kenyans left.
Residents of Badhadhe, another town in Somalia's Lower Jubba region, told The Associated Press that Kenyan forces stationed there had also withdrawn toward the border. Following the Kenyans' withdrawal from Badhadhe, militants from the Islamic extremist group al-Shabaab took over and started searching homes, according to resident Mohamed Ali.
Kenyan officials have not said how many troops were killed in the attack on Kenyan forces in El-Ade, but al-Shabaab claimed to have killed about 100 Kenyan soldiers. The Al-Shabaab also claimed its fighters seized armaments and military vehicles in that attack.
Al-Shabaab opposes Kenya's military presence in Somalia and has carried out many attacks inside Kenyan territory.


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Florida's delegation presses for Kennedy Space Center launch support money for NASA's next big rocket
Francis Rooney reports another paltry fundraising quarter
Federal Headlines
Fourth GOP challenger enters the race to unseat Charlie Crist
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen chips in, boosting Debbie Wasserman Schultz fundraising to nearly $230K
Ileana Ros-Lehtinen will lobby to force Qatari sheikh to pay up in fraud case
Vern Buchanan advances anti-poaching RAWR Act in U.S. House
The Astrovan carrying the STS-135 crew; Chris Furgeson, commander, Doug Hurley, pilot, and mission specialists Rex Walheim and Sandy Mangus, rolls past the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) and Launch Control Center (LCC), on its way to launch pad 39a and space shuttle Atlantis, Friday, July 8, 2011, at Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Fla. The launch of Atlantis, STS-135, is the final flight of the shuttle program, a 12-day mission to the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)
Florida's delegation presses for Kennedy Space Center launch support money for NASA's next big rocket
Scott Powers
Congressional letters signed by a large majority of Florida's delegation are urging congressional leaders to support full funding not just for NASA's next spacecraft and rocket but for critical upgrades at Kennedy Space Center to launch them.
The letters to chairs of the House and Senate Appropriations Committees subcommittees overseeing space have drawn signatures of 21 of Florida's House members and U.S. Sen. Bill Nelson and also have support of others who couldn't appropriately sign because they're on the committees, including U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio.
The letters focus on the multi-billion dollar projects to build NASA's big new rocket, the Space Launch System, and the Orion Spacecraft, which are to carry astronauts into deep space. That's not new. But the letters give equal weight now to urging full funding for the related Kennedy Space Center upgrades, to exploration ground systems, and for a new mobile launcher, huge boons to the space business at Florida's Space Coast.
A letter sent last month by U.S. Rep. Bill Posey, the Rockledge Republican who sits on the House Space Subcommittee, and co-signed by 10 other members of Florida's delegation, urges $557 million for the exploration ground systems improvements in the 2019 federal budget, and another $17 million for other construction. It also calls for $150 million in 2019 to build a new mobile launcher that could support the SLS rocket for 40 years, a recent NASA policy direction change from plans now seen as problematic to retrofit the current mobile launcher. The letter also calls for another $2.15 billion for the SLS rocket development, and $1.35 billion for the final Orion crew vehicle development.
The rocket's debut has been pushed back, but still is possible by the end of 2019, or in early 2020.
Most of the ground systems work has been underway for several years, but risks falling behind without full funding, and that could further delay the first launches of the SLS, even if the rocket and Orion spacecraft are fully developed and ready to go, the letters argue.
"The exploration ground systems are an indispensable part of the infrastructure of space exploration," Posey's letter states.
Posey's letter drew signatures of 11 of Florida's members of the House: Posey, Gus Bilirakis, Kathy Castor, Charlie Crist, Ron DeSantis, Neal Dunn, Matt Gaetz, Stephanie Murphy, Darren Soto, Daniel Webster, and Ted Yoho.
A follow-up letter from Republican U.S. Sen. Brian Babin of Texas, making the same pleas, included 163 members signatures from throughout the country, and drew most of the 11 Florida members who signed Posey's letter, plus ten more from Florida: Al Lawson, Val Demings, Dennis Ross, Brian Mast, Francis Rooney, Alcee Hastings, Lois Frankel, Ted Deutch, Carlos Curbelo, and Ileana Ros-Lehtinen. Three other House members from Florida, Tom Rooney, Mario Diaz-Balart, and Debbie Wasserman Schultz are, like Rubio, on the main committee receiving the letters, and so do not sign under Congressional protocol.
Thirty-one senators including Nelson signed the Senate version, sent out Tuesday by Utah Republican Orrin Hatch.
Rubio's office said he's supportive, had an active role in pushing for $2.15 billion for the SLS rocket, $1.3 billion for Orion, and will "continue to push for increased funding in order to keep the ground system upgrades on track."
In this article:2019 federal budget, Al Lawson, Alcee Hastings, Appropriations Committee, Bill Nelson, Bill Posey, Brian Mast, Carlos Curbelo, Charlie Crist, Daniel Webster, Darren Soto, Dennis Ross, exploration ground systems, Francis Rooney, Gus Bilirakis, Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, Kathy Castor, kennedy space center, letter, Lois Frankel, Marco Rubio, Matt Gaetz, mobile launcher, NASA, Neal Dunn, Orion spacecraft, Ron DeSantis, SLS rocket, Space, Space Committee, Space Launch System rocket, Stephanie Murphy, Ted Deutch, Ted Yoho, Val Demings
Written By Scott Powers
Scott Powers is an Orlando-based political journalist with 30+ years' experience, mostly at newspapers such as the Orlando Sentinel and the Columbus Dispatch. He covers local, state and federal politics and space news across much of Central Florida. His career earned numerous journalism awards for stories ranging from the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster to presidential elections to misplaced nuclear waste. He and his wife Connie have three grown children. Besides them, he's into mystery and suspense books and movies, rock, blues, basketball, baseball, writing unpublished novels, and being amused. Email him at scott@floridapolitics.com.


In Your Secure Facility Is Our Specialty!
Welcome to Visitor Vetting and Management Systems. We are a security firm offering superior solutions that enable businesses to safely and efficiently manage visitors while adhering to the highest security protocols. Enhance security behind the scenes to provide invaluable data to support the functions and mission of your organization.
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Know who is entering your facility: vetting through multiple data sources at one time including federal watchlists and ability to create a customized barrment list. NCIC-III available for law enforcement.
VVMS has a reliability uptime of 99.97% and scalability to perform at one site or multiple sites worldwide. A robust reporting application has the ability to know WHO visited, WHERE they visited, WHAT they visited, and WHEN they visited.
VVMS mandates encryption and complies with regulations such as FISMA, NIST 800-53, and FIPS, due to our government and military customers. Data moved to VVMS Cloud is FedRAMP compliant. VVMS data security solutions employed at the highest levels of data encryption.
Advanced technology for delivering a high level of integration with mobile devices, kiosks, and other proprietary hardware. Custom modifications to meet organizations security rules and regulations including SaaS (Software as a Service) and Cloud solutions.
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Visitor management starts long before the visitor arrives. Organizations establish rules and requirements regarding visitors, contractors, and employees obtaining entry into a secure location. Visitor management must follow the rules and requirements established by an organization. A visitor management system is a cost-effective way to automate and streamline the process of granting access to the facility and managing the information about those visits before, during, and after visitors leave. MAX allows staff to work more efficiently and enables guards to focus on the important tasks they have been trained to do rather than data entry.
VVMS strives to provide the most comprehensive resource for relaying accurate information and making informed decisions. Put simply, VVMS offers the most advanced yet simple to use systems in the industry. Contact us today to see how this custom-tailored approach can resolve even the most complex visitor management issues. If you are looking for a security solution to monitor and track visitors, you know that it can be a daunting task but VVMS wants to make your search easy and meet your needs. MAX is a visitor management solution tailored to your organization's rules and regulations.
An organization serious about security understands that managing visitor access can be both costly and time-consuming. Additionally, there is a sophisticated and delicate balance between security and the ease of implementation and execution.
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MAX gives organizations the power to meet ever-growing security requirements and effectively manage the visitor management process. Employing the latest technology equips security personnel with the tools to more effectively determine fitness for access, while also streamlining the process of badging visitors on arrival, and subsequently reporting on the data collected.
MAX is a fully customizable security solution that helps protect people, assets, and critical infrastructure. MAX is designed for the federal government and commercial market. MAX is implemented at military bases, federal agencies, commercial enterprises, and prisons. MAX visitor management solutions are tailored to your organization's rules and requirements.
MAX is a web-based visitor and vetting management system that can meet and grow with organizations needs whether it is a simple visitor request or requires a more thorough vetting process. MAX tracks visitor data from initial request through pass or badge approval, issuance, collection, and destruction. Your visitor data becomes an active asset by giving administrators access to queries and custom reports.
MAX can be used by an unlimited number of users, at multiple geographic locations, and will support an unlimited number of people, visitors, and contractors. MAX is a fully integrated visitor management system that provides interactive, real-time support to organizations at multiple geographical locations. This means that the system acts as one in real-time. Visitor reports and access histories for the entire enterprise can be generated with a single report or query. This keeps the organizations up-to-date on visitor data across all locations.
MAX is a role-based system, meaning that specific users will only have access to the portions of MAX and portions of the data that are required for those users to perform their jobs.


Summer Camp schedule is here! Sign-ups for MEMBERS* start January 1st @ 8AM. Enrollment for non-members starts January 15th @ 8AM.
*Camp participant must be a member for membership benefits.
To make it easy to navigate our camp offerings BY DATE, we have created a CAMP CALENDAR for you to scan our offerings.
Have kids? Have to work? Kids out of school?
We know what its like! That's why we have created awesome week-long camps and school closure day programs for your kids to have a fun-filled day (while you are stuck in the office).
Whether it's summer, spring break, winter break, a random school closure day, or a snow day, we've got parents covered! Give your kids the experience they want!
ÜG Camp enrollment is on going all year until space fills up. Don't miss an opportunity to get your child signed up for our camp programs that combine the sport of climbing with fun experience-based learning that kids will love! Sign up to receive email updates and announcements of upcoming climbing camps for kids.
Campers must have the online camp enrollment form and online waiver completed prior to the first day of camp.
Children enrolled in programs at Übergrippen (including but not limited to Akademie, clubs, teams, camps, after school programs) will be climbing with other children. Children will often be climbing partners for each other. This means YOUR CHILD WILL BE BELAYED BY ANOTHER CHILD ENROLLED IN THE PROGRAM AND YOUR CHILD WILL BELAY OTHER CHILDREN. If you are not comfortable with this, please do not enroll your child in our group programs. We offer private guided climbing and can also instruct parents on these same belay skills (enroll in our adult Learn to Belay class) so that you can supervise your child's climbing experience directly.


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Facebook Shouldn't Make Video Chatting Hardware
A single-purpose video chatting device would be destined to fail.
Evan Niu, CFA
(TMFNewCow)
Aug 1, 2017 at 8:55PM
Follow @@TMFNewCow
Maybe this is actually the device we heard about last week. Speculation had emerged that Facebook (NASDAQ:FB) was preparing to launch a smart speaker, joining a growing list of tech giants looking to meet consumer demand. The most peculiar aspect of the report was that it was rumored to have a massive 15-inch touchscreen, which sounds downright comical for a speaker.
Bloomberg is reporting today that Facebook is working on a video chatting device, which would be the first product to emerge from its Building 8 hardware department. The device may feature a large 13-inch to 15-inch "laptop-sized touchscreen." To be clear, Bloomberg's sources say that the social network is indeed working on a smart speaker, but it appears that the report last week from DIGITIMES, which has a mixed track record, could have been the result of crossed wires (I trust Bloomberg over DIGITIMES any day of the week).
Privacy, shmivacy
In terms of other product details, the video chatting device is expected to have a wide-angle camera lens, microphones, and speakers, alongside a virtual assistant powered by artificial intelligence (AI). The prototype sounds like a computer monitor, standing vertically on a stand. The company may take a page out of Amazon.com's playbook by using a version of Android instead of having to develop its own operating system from scratch. Presumably, this refers to a heavily modified ("forked") version. Amazon's Fire OS that powers its Fire line of tablets is a forked version of Android.
The rumored device will automatically scan a room for people and "lock onto them," according to the report. This could allow it to intelligently zoom in and emphasize items within its field of vision. Facebook is even testing a version with a 360-degree camera. These details are a bit ironic, seeing as how CEO Mark Zuckerberg covers the webcam and microphone on his laptop with pieces of tape due to privacy and security concerns. Now Zuck Dawg could be preparing to ask consumers to purchase and install an AI-powered device that is quite literally watching, tracking, and listening to you at all times.
As far as price goes, it could cost "a few hundred dollars," according to Bloomberg's sources.
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Why this is misguided
It's probably a bad idea for Facebook to launch this video chatting device. For starters, it's not a new idea. Companies have been trying to create a consumer market for single-purpose video chatting systems for decades. Even a heavyweight like Cisco introduced Umi, a consumer-oriented home videoconferencing system, in 2010. It didn't last long, getting discontinued just two years later. One of Umi's fatal flaws was a high price tag combined with ongoing subscription fees.
Most modern consumer devices offer some type of video chatting capability these days. Facebook's own Messenger and WhatsApp services, which are broadly available across platforms, have video chatting features. If Facebook wants to expand further into video chatting, which strategically makes sense, it can do so by leveraging its existing services. It doesn't need to venture into hardware or create a new (forked) platform, where it has little to no experience.
The price is also wrong for a single-purpose device. A "few hundred dollars" can buy you a small, multipurpose tablet that can be used for video chatting in addition to a million other things. If someone wanted to video chat on a larger laptop-sized display, they could just use...a laptop that they probably already have.
Please don't do this, Facebook.
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Buffalo world juniors announcement proof of hockey's rise in U.S.
Kevin Allen
Nothing illustrates how hockey has grown in the United States more than today's announcement from USA Hockey that the World Junior Championship is returning to Buffalo in 2017-18 and the Canada vs. USA game will be played outdoors at the Buffalo Bills' Ralph Wilson Stadium.
Wilson Stadium holds close to 72,000 people and a sellout is anticipated.
Unquestionably, the expectation of devout Canadian fans streaming across the border to watch the event played a pivotal role in the decision to bring the WJC to Buffalo.
We still need the Canadians to help us fill up the arenas. But the ambitiousness of the outdoor game, and in particular the considerable interest American cities had in hosting the WJC, speaks to how significantly the sport's visibility has expanded in the U.S. over the past 30 years.
It wasn't all that long ago that American sponsors didn't want anything to do with hockey. Now there is always a line forming when it comes to major hockey events.
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While it may seem as if Buffalo, because of its close proximity to Canada, was an easy choice to host the WJC, it was, in fact, a very difficult one. USA Hockey officials have indicated St. Louis and Pittsburgh cities made impressive presentations. I've been told that the St. Louis bid also included an outdoor game.
USA Hockey would have been comfortable awarding either of those cities the bid for the event. That's how strong their bids were.
My guess is that Buffalo's previous experience in hosting the event in 2011, coupled with having a second arena across the street from the main arena, gave them an edge. The tournament will start around Christmas in 2017 and wrap up in the first week of 2018. The outdoor game presumably would be between Christmas and New Year's
It also should be noted that both the Arizona Coyotes and Tampa Bay Lightning had serious interest in hosting the event. The idea that American cities, including warm-weather markets, would compete to host an international tournament featuring the world's best teenage hockey players would have been unfathomable even into the early 1990s. Given the level of cynicism that attached itself to this sport years ago, a case can be made that hockey's growth in America has exceeded expectations.
PHOTOS: December's NHL stars: Best performances of the month


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Peacebuilding challenges discussed by international and Japanese program associates (18/01/2018)
Posted By admin_gpaj on 2018-01-18
Twenty five participants attended the course for global resource development for peacebuilding and development commissioned by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan and held by the Hiroshima Peacebuilders Center at the Olympic Youth Memorial Center in Tokyo.
Professor Hasegawa made a presentation entitled "UN Peacebuilding: Challenges for UN Peace Missions" and explained first how UN peace operations transformed in its approach during the last 60 years from 1948 to 2018. He then explained the twin challenges faced by UN peace operations on how to achieve better integration and national ownership. The following are excerpts of discussions that took place in two sessions.
Session 1 Summary: UN Peacebuilding: Challenges for UN Peace Missions
Reporter: Ayako Okamura
This year the course had 25 program associates: 15 Japanese associates and 10 international associates from Bangladesh, Cambodia, Egypt, Iraq, Mali, Philippines, Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, and Tunisia. The course provided 6-week trainings in Tokyo and Hiroshima, and then Japanese associates will be deployed as a United Nations Volunteer (UNV) for one year.
This lecture consisted of two main topics:
UN Peace Missions 1990-2018: Norms and Implementation Mechanism, and
Duality of Challenges for Success Criteria: Integration and National Ownership.
The first session focused on how UN peace missions have evolved since 1948. To begin with, Professor Hasegawa asked, "What are UN peace operations?" One Japanese associate raised his hand and answered that UN peace operation includes conflict prevention, peacemaking, peace execution, peacekeeping and peacebuilding. On a side note, Professor Hasegawa gave him a key ring as a reward for speaking out in the class first. The professor emphasized the importance of speaking up in a multinational environment, particularly referring to the UN.
Professor Hasegawa then asked the second question, "What types of peace operations did the UN carry out during the period from 1948 to 2018?" We discussed three generations of peace operations. The first generation is inter-state peace operations, which focused its attention on separating two states in conflict. Peace was maintained through truce and ceasefire following an end to inter-states armed conflicts. The first generation's peacekeeping has three traditional principles as its doctrine base: consent, neutrality or impartiality, and non-use of force except for self-defense. The professor referred to the multilateral peace enforcement in Korea between 1950 and 1953 as an example. In the Korean Peninsula, Kim Il-Sung, the founder of North Korea, officially known as the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), tried to unite the peninsula into one country with the support of communist powers. In March, 1951, the Security Council was convened, and the US and its allies passed the resolution against North Korea in the absence of Russia so as to establish a ceasefire in the peninsula. The Korean War has been ceased since then, but it has not been over yet with the demilitarized zone (DMZ) being kept between South Korea and North Korea.
In spite of multilateral efforts to maintain peace, the world witnessed disasters in the early 1990s including, for example, casualties of American soldiers in Somalia in 1993, the 1994 Rwanda genocide which killed 800,000 people and the 1995 Srebrenica massacre which resulted in death of 8,000 people. Professor Hasegawa was the director of the policy planning unit of UNOSOM II in Somalia in 1994. He told the participants that he went to Rwanda in 1995 and became the UN resident coordinator there because no one wanted to go to Rwanda when he went back to Geneva from Somalia. In 1995, the Kibeho massacre occurred in a camp for internally displaced persons (IDPs) near Kibeho in Rwanda, and the professor talked about the story of the time when he had to walk on the field covered by bodies of its victims.
As a response to such intra-state conflicts, peace operations evolved into the second generation's multi-dimensional peacekeeping efforts, the primary activities of which were civilian and humanitarian in nature. In the second generation, peace operations dealt with a whole state aiming at comprehensive peace agreements, which meant complex lines of operations and complex mandates (political, security, humanitarian and developmental) integrating civilian and security tasks under one political command. Professor Hasegawa mentioned some of his experiences in Rwanda as examples. For instance, as the resident coordinator, he was engaged in the establishment of Rwandan National Community Police composed of the Tutsi population. According to him, it was critical to change their mindset from that of an army to that of a community police. He also built a new prison in Rwanda because all the existing prisons were full and some prisoners had to stay outside which resulted in some of them losing their leg due to their rot in a tropical climate. Prisoners themselves were involved in building the new prison.
The third generation of peace operations was born as conflict and instability were increasingly seen as the result of weak or fragility of state. It focused its attention on peace and state building, reflecting new understandings of the requirements for peace building as identified in the Agenda for Peace promulgated by then Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali. They meant "comprehensive efforts to identify and support structures which will tend to consolidate peace and advance a sense of confidence and well-being among people." The importance of addressing root causes of conflicts were emphasized and a belief in good institutions founded on the basis of democratic peace theory grew.
Session 2. Duality of challenges for success criteria of the UN: Integration and National ownership.
Reporter: Ms. Yumiko Kaneko
In the second session, Professor Hasegawa gave us the introductory lecture focused on twin components of the challenge that the UN has faced, which are integrated approach and national ownership. We then discussed what the UN has tackled on the ground in peacebuilding. Its answer was that the UN sends troops and civilians. Then, he identified two challenges and shortcomings of UN peacebuilding operations: one is lack of integrated approach in dealing with the demand for concerted efficient and effective operations. Another is lack of national ownership of the peacebuilding process as the international staff tend to do peacebuilding tasks themselves and national leaders and activities neglect their commitment to national interest. Professor Hasegawa concluded that sustainable peacebuilding requires the change of mind-sets of local leaders.
To begin with, Professor Hasegawa mentioned how four Secretary-Generals of the United Nations UNSG, namely Boutros Boutros-Ghali, Kofi Anna, Ban Ki-moon and António Guterres tried to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of UN peace operations, and then, opened with a question concerning various issues the UN has had to deal with. One of the latest approaches of the Secretary-General's proposal is the need for more coordinated, coherent and integrated approach to post-conflict peacebuilding and reconciliation. Indeed, in 2017, the current UNSG Guterres embarked on UN reform which aimed at transforming the structure and working modalities of the UN system in order to overcome the shortcomings of the Organization. The reform focuses on a whole-of-pillar cooperation of all components, including politics, security, economy and justice. Specifically, his proposal emphasizes the restructuring the Department of Political Affairs, the Department of Peacekeeping Operations and the Peacebuilding Support Office, and related changes in the Organization's working culture.
Here, Professor Hasegawa asked the participants from Africa how the local people had felt about the withdrawal of Japanese PKO contingent from South Sudan. One of them noted that the local people, who were benefiting from the Japanese infrastructural support, are sad about the withdrawal of its PKO engineering contingent. Japan had been contributing very much in the construction of roads and bridges. The Japanese withdrawal came after Kenya had withdrawn its troops from South Sudan. Hence, this might have impact on the overall operation of UNMISS, which is in need of more human personnel to boost its mandate for the protection of civilian and creating conducive environment for safe return of the IDPs.
Professor Hasegawa then asked the program associates about the relationship between ownership and accountability. Some associates responded, for example, be responsible to explain, pay for it, less corruption etc. Professor Hasegawa explained that the key to this question was whom you are responsible to. UN agencies and NGOs regard donors as providers of funds and tend to be attentive and responsible to the donor countries and agencies. Even the national leaders tend to be responsible and accountable to donors. However, the national leaders should be accountable to local people.
One of the associates asked a question whether democracy is the prerequisite for good governance. Professor Hasegawa responded that democratic principles and forms of governance are reasonable. The Greek philosopher, Plato, argued that democracy is inferior to monarchy, aristocracy and even oligarchy on the grounds that democracy lacks the expertise necessary to properly governed societies. Yet, democracy is the second best, following oligarchy, which is a government system ruled by enlightened monarchs or small groups of elites. For instance, Japan had around 260 years' peaceful time in Tokugawa era from 1603 to 1867. Why was it peaceful for such a long period? This is because there were no external interventions against the regime. The society in the Tokugawa period was based on the strict class hierarchy: farmer 80% of the population, samurai (warrior) 3%, artisans 5%, merchants 5%. The acceptance of people as a whole to the hierarchical system of governance and lack of expectation among people about their social mobility. As people were not educated, they did not think have expectation to rise above their own status.
Today, not only in developed but developing countries, people world have access to the Internet and find out what is going on in the world. People cannot be kept ignorant about the current world.
Concerning the pertinacious need for more coordination and integration of UN system-wide approaches and activities, Professor Hasegawa explained how the UN agencies have tried to "Delivering as One" as early as 1980`s when he was Deputy Resident Representative of UNDP in Nepal. Now, Secretary-General Guterres is calling for the integration of political, security, humanitarian and development activities. However, each organization tends to do what it wants to do for the benefit of the agency. We have to work and coordinate together, and share meetings even though the integration of inter-agency is very difficult because they would have different mandates, interests and goals (political, military, administration), different accountability to stakeholders and principles (humanitarian, human rights), or different command and control structure (security agencies). How would it be achievable? We should be credited with having a common interest. In effect, over the period of last ten to fifteen years, the UN reformed its mission structure and integrated RC (resident coordinator) with HC (humanitarian coordinator) into the UN peacekeeping and peacebuilding structure headed by the SRSG (special representative)
It is not easy to create and establish an effective integrated framework within the UN system. Personalities and institutional interests still overpower systematic approaches. Headquarters' structures remain poorly aligned to support field integration. However, Professor Hasegawa pointed out that we have to seek to build capabilities, which are deployed to greatest effect, in support of an overarching peacebuilding strategy.
(Source: izquotes.com)
Professor Hasegawa then explained the philosophical idea of ethics, advocated by Immanuel Kant as "doing the morally right thing regardless of the outcome". For example, a business firm make a financial donation of 100 thousand dollars in support of Rohingya refugees in order to increase its visibility and reputation as the company that does good things. Or the company donates funds to Kumamoto prefecture to reconstruct the Kumamoto castle, so that it would gain a good reputation while its hidden objective is to reduce profit and tax payment. These conducts are not right things to do in terms of Kant's idea of what is a morally right thing to do.
Posted in 5. Publications & Activities, Members activities
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text:
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How Much Wrong Can Joe Romm Be? That Moon Hoax Again…
Maurizio Morabito (omnologos)	 2009/07/22 No Comments
AGW catastrophism Climate Change Global Warming History Omniclimate Politics Science Skepticism
Alfred L Wegener Apollo Moon Hoax Barry Marshall Climate Progress conspiracy Galileo Galilei J Harlan Bretz J. Robin Warre Joe Romm Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudichum Reg Sprigg Sir Gilbert Walker
I have already blogged some time ago about the flawed comparison between AGW skeptics and people believing in the Moon landing hoax. It takes just a sentence: the Apollo mission are historical events (i.e.: they belong to the past, they have already happened), global warming is a forecast projection (i.e.: it is about the future, it has not happened as yet).
Or to explain it the way of Donald Rumsfeld: arguing if an apple that is already on the ground, is on the ground, is absolutely different than arguing if apple that is still on the tree, will or will not eventually be on the ground.
With the usual bottom scraping and blatant headline-following that characterizes his blog, it is now Joe Romm's turn to recycle the same logic-free pontificating, on the back of the 40th anniversary of the first Apollo lunar landing. Only this time, the point appears to be about an "overall conspiracy".
According to Romm in fact, claims for a "large conspiracy" would be needed to keep AGW skeptical arguments alive, just as they are fundamental to all Moon-hoax accusations. Citing Harold Ambler by way of Anthony Watts, Romm writes:
Watts approvingly reprints denier manifestos that claim global warming "is the biggest whopper ever sold to the public in the history of humankind" — see here. As I've written, such a statement is anti-scientific and anti-science in the most extreme sense. It accuses the scientific community broadly defined of conspiring in deliberate fraud
But that is simply not true: it is just a form of reductio ad absurdum (as if one needed any more evidence of Romm's inability to properly argue a point without infantile rhetorical attempts).
In general, the fact that people sell a "whopper" does not necessarily mean they are knowingly participating in a conspiracy and/or committing fraud: otherwise, jails the world over would be full of astrologers, wizards, sorcerers, and most probably experts in homeopathy and chiropractic practitioners.
And very pertinent to the AGW skepticism case is that the history of Science is full of examples where quite large "whoppers" have been "sold to the public" by scientists building up and then defending a flawed consensus. Perfectly honest scientists, one can safely assume, with a deeply-held belief that their consensual understanding of the world was the right one.
We know now that such a "consensus" attitude has hindered the scientific careers of scientists, among them Galileo Galilei, Alfred L Wegener, J Harlan Bretz, Sir Gilbert Walker, Johann Ludwig Wilhelm Thudichum, Reg Sprigg. Recent Nobel Prize winners Barry Marshall and J. Robin Warren may have been just lucky to see their consensus-busting findings recognized whilst still alive.
Still, the fact that scientists fall repeatedly and across the centuries in the trap of "consensus" needs no conspiracy. It cannot be interpreted in any other way than as demonstration that scientists are human beings and that like all other human beings they introduce their subjective feelings, emotions, tribal drive, and who knows what else in the purportedly objective scientific process.
Nobody needs a "large conspiracy" to explain why it is so difficult to publish anything that does not include the customary "this may be caused by global warming" statement. All it takes is a large enough amount of scientists and science-related people convinced of the "truth" of Anthropogenic Global Warming, determined to read and to support only whatever confirms their prejudices.
The "consensus" behavior in AGW is exacerbated further by so many AGWers living under the impression that they are saving the planet. Under those circumstances, the esprit de corps is understandably as strong as it can be (this explains the existence of anti-skeptic rants such as Romm's).
All in all, it is deeply ironical to find that it is Romm's statement the one "anti-scientific and anti-science in the most extreme sense", deep in its core. Because if there is one thing everybody in the scientific community should be well aware of, it is that whatever they will tell the public, it is likely to be wrong one way or another. As per this Bertrand Russell quote:
Although this may seem a paradox, all exact science is dominated by the idea of approximation. When a man tells you that he knows the exact truth about anything, you are safe in inferring that he is an inexact man. Every careful measurement in science is always given with the probable error… every observer admits that he is likely wrong, and knows about how much wrong he is likely to be.
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text:
package com.dmdirc.util.annotations;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Objects;

/**
 * Represents a constructor.
 */
public class Constructor {

    private final List<Parameter> parameters;
    private final List<String> thrownTypes;

    public Constructor(List<Parameter> parameters, List<String> thrownTypes) {
        this.parameters = parameters;
        this.thrownTypes = thrownTypes;
    }

    public List<Parameter> getParameters() {
        return Collections.unmodifiableList(parameters);
    }

    public List<String> getThrownTypes() {
        return Collections.unmodifiableList(thrownTypes);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int hash = 3;
        hash = 29 * hash + Objects.hashCode(this.parameters);
        hash = 29 * hash + Objects.hashCode(this.thrownTypes);
        return hash;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (obj == null || getClass() != obj.getClass()) {
            return false;
        }
        return getParameters().equals(((Constructor) obj).getParameters())
                && getThrownTypes().equals(((Constructor) obj).getThrownTypes());
    }

}


text:
Films Not to Miss This Summer
Redbrick Film critics preview upcoming UK releases for summer 2019 and share their personal recommendations
Grace Baxendine, Alex Green, Sam Denyer, Samuel Zucca and Matt Taylor
Published at 09:00 on 1 July 2019
Images by Disney
Sam Zucca
After what can only be described as a near-perfect trilogy of films, viewers with a nostalgic connection to the Toy Story films must feel somewhere in-between overjoyed, excitement and nervous anticipation for the fourth addition.
From the trailers, this film seems to be addressing the same themes as the previous two; witnessing the change and growth of a child through the eyes of their toys, making them question their own purpose. Unless there are some surprises, it seems as if this film will follow a similar cycle to previous instalments of the series, and it may just be another excuse to return to this incredibly charming world with its old familiar characters.
While retaining the appearance of the boyish, rosy-cheeked cowboy we met in 1995, Woody in 2019 seems as warm and wise as Tom Hanks himself. The film also features a return of Annie Potts' Bo Peep, who, from promotional images and trailers, seems to have taken on a much more active role in the story than in the first two films – her skirt symbolically exchanged for a cape. There is also the usual astonishing list of names in the cast, from Jordan Peele to Christina Hendricks to Keanu Reeves, who plays the Canadian daredevil Duke Caboom.
Woody in 2019 seems as warm and wise as Tom Hanks himself
The most significant addition to the Toy Story saga however, must be Tony Hale's Forky. Rather than the usual commercial toy-franchise parody, Forky is a plastic 'spork' made by Bonnie. As well as potentially directing the film in a more existential direction, he could also act as a comment on Disney's own merchandising machine, showing that creativity is overall the most meaningful asset to a child, and that you can create the best toys out of what to others seems like junk.
In cinemas now – check out Redbrick Film's review here
Grace Baxendine
Last year, we saw modern horror come to life through Ari Aster's bone-chilling creation, Hereditary; following in its footsteps was never going to be easy. But the unnerving intrigue of the initial scenes we see in the trailer for Midsommar could easily rival it, and leave us all fearing the summer festival season.
Jack Reynor and Florence Pugh will lead the cast into a darkness hidden beneath a seemingly welcoming pagan Swedish festival-like community. The ever so slightly out of tune violin scratching away in the background of the trailer makes for a very unsettling experience, suggesting dark pagan practices and psychological uncertainties ahead. Aster's 'folk-horror' film seems to want to encompass very different elements compared to last year's Hereditary. Maypole dancing, alongside traditional folklore and ritual chanting under the Scandinavian sun, creates a disquieting sense of dread and anticipation for a terrifying discovery for our protagonists.
Midsommar could easily rival Hereditary, and leave us all fearing the summer festival season
Flashes of evil rituals taking place in broad daylight set the scene for quite the unconventional horror, certainly not the typical haunted house horror we are used to watching. I have to be honest, the trailer was hard to finish, but perhaps the best sign of a good horror is exactly this. An absolute must watch this summer!
Released 5th July
Alex Green
This summer will be dominated by action and superhero flicks, all guns blazing with brutal action, vying for the flashiest on-screen fights. So how about something on the more comedic side of things to add some levity to our outings at the cinema? Luckily, there are a few choice offerings in this department.
Stuber... has the ingredients to pull off a charming comedy about an Uber driver
Stuber is a bit of a risk to get excited for, but has the ingredients to pull off a charming comedy about an Uber driver having to drive a grizzled detective hot on the heels of a terrorist. For one, the aforementioned driver and detective duo are portrayed by Kumail Nanjiani (The Big Sick) and Dave Bautista (Guardians of the Galaxy, Spectre), a double act that could prove to strike comedic gold in this kind of setting. Add to this a strong premise that has potential for some great laughs, and a director in Michael Dowse who has an eye for the genre with 2011's Goon on his resume, and the potential for a surprisingly strong comedy is there.
The key word here is 'potential'. Of course, there is a risk that the elements may not all come together as seamlessly as anticipated. Stuber could however be a fun contrast compared to everything else this summer. With big budget franchises going all out with large action set-pieces and horror trying to instil fear in the world, there should be reminders that cinema can still make us laugh at our action heroes as well as be gripped by them. Hopefully the ride will be a good one.
Released 12th July
Sam Denyer
Most horror films are fortunate enough to scare their audiences; Jennifer Kent's The Babadook did just this, but was also critically acclaimed and spawned an iconic new cinematic monster which endeared itself to a wider audience by becoming a bizarre gay icon. As it turns out, seeing the Babadook at a pride parade has done nothing to make it less scary, which makes Jennifer Kent's return with The Nightingale even more tantalising.
Set in 19th century Tasmania, it sees an Irish convict and aboriginal tracker travel through the wilderness to seek revenge on the British occupiers who murdered her daughter. Kent writes and directs once more. Let's hope that she can sustain the auteurist voice which seemed so clear in The Babadook, as well as the avalanche of scares and surprises which made it such a thrill in the first place.
Reviews warn that its fury at real-world history translates into a horror which is not for the faint of heart
The Nightingale premiered at the Venice Film Festival last summer, before its general release in August this year. Kent was the only woman with a film in competition, but she clearly left her mark, as reviews warn that its fury at real-world history translates into a horror which is not for the faint of heart. Should we have expected anything else?
Released 2nd August
Having returned from his Civil War era movies, one dubbed as a 'southern' rather than a 'western', Quentin Tarantino now takes us to the world of late sixties Hollywood. The title is a reference to two films by Sergio Leone, one of Tarantino's biggest influences, who directed Once Upon A Time In The West and Once Upon a Time In America. This nod to the Italian director follows his last film, The Hateful Eight which featured a score by Ennio Morricone, who along with Leone, virtually created the sound of the spaghetti western.
Tarantino has also hinted that the structure... will be close to that of Pulp Fiction
The film had a big showing at Cannes and features Leonardo DiCaprio and Brad Pitt as an actor/stunt-double duo, who Tarantino has likened to the seventies superstars Robert Redford and Paul Newman. It also features Margot Robbie as Sharon Tate, and her murderer, Charles Manson, played by Damon Herriman. As with Inglourious Basterds and Django Unchained before it, Once Upon a Time In Hollywood could provide Tarantino another way to play around with history in his usual, ultra-violent manner.
Despite this, the film seems to be less of a genre focused film than his last three pictures, closing in on a more meta-cinematic feature that the Coen brothers attempted with Hail, Caesar! Tarantino has also hinted that the structure of the film will be close to that of Pulp Fiction, which, seven movies and twenty-five years later, could come with varying results.
Released 14th August
Andy Muschietti's 2017 take on Stephen King's It did damn near everything right. Being a coming-of-age film first and a horror flick second allowed for a fresh horror film, one that kept all the best parts of King adaptations, noughties horror movies, and classic teen movies of the late 20th century. His sequel is due out at the start of September, and looks to round out a summer of excellent movies.
Andy and Barbara Muschietti return to screenwriting duties, with a cast including Jessica Chastain, James McAvoy, Bill Hader, Jay Ryan, James Ransone, Andy Bean, and Isaiah Mustafa as the elderly Losers Club, with the original kids and Bill Skarsgard returning from the first film. Chapter Two takes place mostly 27 years after the events of the first film, and the footage we have seen so far is excellent.
After the release of the first film, Pennywise (Skarsgard) became something of an online sensation, which is why it is surprising to see so little of him in this teaser – but that ultimately works in favour of building up anticipation for the new instalment. The trailer's opening scene is reminiscent of the slow-burn horror of It Follows, or It Comes At Night (two of my favourite horror movies this century), thankfully hinting at less reliance on the jump scares that held the first film back.
This is set to be a cracker
The question remains, can they do it again? The presence of adult actors means the teenage drama of the first film is off limits, but if the original, the new trailer, and King's source material are anything to go by, this is set to be a cracker. Fingers crossed we'll float again come September.
Released 6th September
More in Film
Is the rise of streaming platforms killing cinema? Film writer Grace Baxendine looks at the importance of cinemas to our experience of enjoying films
Film Critic Grace Baxendine finds enjoyment in Yesterday's use of The Beatles, but finds it doesn't live up to the usual standards of director Danny Boyle
To mark the film's DVD release, Redbrick Film critics weigh in on Captain Marvel, the first of Marvel Studios' films to be headlined solely by a woman