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OSTI.GOV Journal Article: Rapid insertion of bismuth radioactive isotopes into texaphyrin in aqueous media
Title: Rapid insertion of bismuth radioactive isotopes into texaphyrin in aqueous media
Radioisotopes 213Bi and 207Bi were successfully inserted into a water-soluble and tumor-targeting texaphyrin ligand. The reaction with 207Bi(OAc) 3 proceeds in about 15 min in aqueous media without the use of any organic base. The Bi(III) texaphyrin complex formed (3) is stable in aqueous media even in the presence of an excess of competitive chelators (EDTA or citric acid), as well as in human blood plasma. Finally, these results validate texaphyrins as potential candidates for coordinating bismuth radionuclides and set the stage for their use in targeted alpha therapy (TAT).
Thiabaud, Grégory [1]; Radchenko, Valery [2]; Wilson, Justin J. [2]; John, Kevin D. [2]; Birnbaum, Eva R. [2]; Sessler, Jonathan L. [1]
Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); LANL Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program; Robert A. Welch Foundation (United States)
Journal ID: ISSN 1088-4246
89233218CNA000001; FG02-01ER15186; F-0018
Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines
38 RADIATION CHEMISTRY, RADIOCHEMISTRY, AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY; bismuth radioisotopes; targeted alpha-emitter therapy; texaphyrin
Thiabaud, Grégory, Radchenko, Valery, Wilson, Justin J., John, Kevin D., Birnbaum, Eva R., and Sessler, Jonathan L. Rapid insertion of bismuth radioactive isotopes into texaphyrin in aqueous media. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1142/S1088424617500870.
Thiabaud, Grégory, Radchenko, Valery, Wilson, Justin J., John, Kevin D., Birnbaum, Eva R., & Sessler, Jonathan L. Rapid insertion of bismuth radioactive isotopes into texaphyrin in aqueous media. United States. doi:10.1142/S1088424617500870.
Thiabaud, Grégory, Radchenko, Valery, Wilson, Justin J., John, Kevin D., Birnbaum, Eva R., and Sessler, Jonathan L. Sun . "Rapid insertion of bismuth radioactive isotopes into texaphyrin in aqueous media". United States. doi:10.1142/S1088424617500870. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1484672.
title = {Rapid insertion of bismuth radioactive isotopes into texaphyrin in aqueous media},
author = {Thiabaud, Grégory and Radchenko, Valery and Wilson, Justin J. and John, Kevin D. and Birnbaum, Eva R. and Sessler, Jonathan L.},
abstractNote = {Radioisotopes 213Bi and 207Bi were successfully inserted into a water-soluble and tumor-targeting texaphyrin ligand. The reaction with 207Bi(OAc)3 proceeds in about 15 min in aqueous media without the use of any organic base. The Bi(III) texaphyrin complex formed (3) is stable in aqueous media even in the presence of an excess of competitive chelators (EDTA or citric acid), as well as in human blood plasma. Finally, these results validate texaphyrins as potential candidates for coordinating bismuth radionuclides and set the stage for their use in targeted alpha therapy (TAT).},
doi = {10.1142/S1088424617500870},
journal = {Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines},
Scheme 1.: Protocols for metallation of texaphyrin macrocycles. Method 1: Stepwise strategy ("onepot") that consists in oxidizing first using a ferrocenium salt to form as an intermediate (isolable species), and then inserting the metallic ion Bi3+ to form complex; Method 2 (shunting arrow on the left side): Concerted strategy usingmore » O2 as the oxidizing agent.« less
Synthesis and structural characterization of lanthanide(III) texaphyrins
Sessler, Jonathan L.; Mody, Tarak D.; Hemmi, Gregory W.
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 32, Issue 14
DOI: 10.1021/ic00066a032
Synthesis of a Metal-Free Texaphyrin
Hannah, Sharon; Lynch, Vincent M.; Gerasimchuk, Nikolay
Organic Letters, Vol. 3, Issue 24
DOI: 10.1021/ol016757s
Targeted alpha therapy using short-lived alpha-particles and the promise of nanobodies as targeting vehicle
Dekempeneer, Yana; Keyaerts, Marleen; Krasniqi, Ahmet
Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, Vol. 16, Issue 8
Bismuth– and lead–texaphyrin complexes: towards potential α-core emitters for radiotherapy
Preihs, Christian; Arambula, Jonathan F.; Lynch, Vincent M.
Chemical Communications, Vol. 46, Issue 42
Density Functional Theory Studies of Actinide(III) Motexafins (An-Motex 2+ , An = Ac, Cm, Lr). Structure, Stability, and Comparison with Lanthanide(III) Motexafins
Cao, Xiaoyan; Li, Quansong; Moritz, Anna
Inorganic Chemistry, Vol. 45, Issue 8
DOI: 10.1021/ic052128t
Pt(IV) Prodrugs Designed to Bind Non-Covalently to Human Serum Albumin for Drug Delivery
Zheng, Yao-Rong; Suntharalingam, Kogularamanan; Johnstone, Timothy C.
Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: a review
Maeda, H.; Wu, J.; Sawa, T.
Journal of Controlled Release, Vol. 65, Issue 1-2
An overview of targeted alpha therapy
Kim, Young-Seung; Brechbiel, Martin W.
Tumor Biology, Vol. 33, Issue 3
Scheme 1. (p. 3)figure
LnPO 4 Nanoparticles Doped with Ac-225 and Sequestered Daughters for Targeted Alpha Therapy
Journal Article McLaughlin, Mark F. ; Robertson, David ; Pevsner, Paul H. ; ... - Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals
For targeted alpha therapy (TAT) with 225Ac, daughter radioisotopes from the parent emissions should be controlled. We report on a second-generation layered nanoparticle (NP) with improved daughter retention that can mediate TAT of lung tumor colonies. NPs of La 3+, Gd 3+, and 225Ac 3+ ions were coated with additional layers of GdPO 4 and then coated with gold via citrate reduction of NaAuCl 4. MAb 201b, targeting thrombomodulin in lung endothelium, was added to a polyethylene glycol (dPEG)-COOH linker. Furthermore, we quantified the NPs:mAb ratio by labeling the mAb with 125I. NPs showed 30% injected dose/organ antibody-mediated uptake inmore » the lung, which increased to 47% in mice pretreated with clodronate liposomes to reduce phagocytosis. Retention of daughter 213Bi in lung tissue was more than 70% at one hour and about 90% at 24 hours postinjection. Treatment of mice with lung-targeted 225Ac NP reduced EMT-6 lung colonies relative to cold antibody competition for targeting or phosphate-buffered saline injected controls. Finally, we show that LnPO 4 NPs represent a viable solution to deliver the 225Ac as an in vivo α generator. The NPs successfully retain a large percentage of the daughter products without compromising the tumoricidal properties of the α-radiation.« less
DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2013.1546
Evaluation of nitrogen-rich macrocyclic ligands for the chelation of therapeutic bismuth radioisotopes
Journal Article Wilson, Justin J. ; Ferrier, Maryline ; Radchenko, Valery ; ... - Nuclear Medicine and Biology
The use of α-emitting isotopes for radionuclide therapy is a promising treatment strategy for small micro-metastatic disease. The radioisotope ²¹³Bi is a nuclide that has found substantial use for targeted α-therapy (TAT). The relatively unexplored aqueous chemistry of Bi³⁺, however, hinders the development of bifunctional chelating agents that can successfully deliver these Bi radioisotopes to the tumor cells. Here, a novel series of nitrogen-rich macrocyclic ligands is explored for their potential use as Bi-selective chelating agents. The ligands, 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (L py), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(3-pyridazylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (L pyd), 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(4-pyrimidylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (L pyr), and 1,4,7,10-tetrakis(2-pyrazinylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (L pz), were prepared by a previously reported method and investigatedmore » here for their abilities to bind Bi radioisotopes. The commercially available and commonly used ligands 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and N-[ (R)-2-amino-3-( p-isothiocyanato-phenyl)propyl]- trans-(S,S)- cyclohexane-1,2-diamine- N,N,N',N",N"-pentaacetic acid (CHX-A''-DTPA) were also explored for comparative purposes. Radio-thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to measure the binding kinetics and stabilities of the complexes formed. The long-lived isotope, ²⁰⁷Bi (t 1/2 = 32 years), was used for these studies. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also employed to probe the ligand interactions with Bi³⁺ and the generator parent ion Ac³⁺.In contrast to DOTA and CHX-A''-DTPA, these nitrogen-rich macrocycles selectively chelate Bi³⁺ in the presence of the parent isotope Ac³⁺. Among the four tested, L py was found to exhibit optimal Bi³⁺-binding kinetics and complex stability. L py complexes Bi³⁺ more rapidly than DOTA, yet the resulting complexes are of similar stability. DFT calculations corroborate the experimentally observed selectivity of these ligands for Bi³⁺ over Ac³⁺. Taken together, these data implicate L py as a valuable chelating agent for the delivery of ²¹³Bi. Its selectivity for Bi³⁺ and rapid and stable labeling properties warrant further investigation and biological studies.« less
DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2014.12.007
Application of ion exchange and extraction chromatography to the separation of actinium from proton-irradiated thorium metal for analytical purposes
Journal Article Radchenko, Valery ; Engle, Jonathan W. ; Wilson, Justin Jeff ; ... - Journal of Chromatography
We present that actinium-225 (t 1/2 = 9.92 d) is an α-emitting radionuclide with nuclear properties well-suited for use in targeted alpha therapy (TAT), a powerful treatment method for malignant tumors. Actinium-225 can also be utilized as a generator for 213Bi (t 1/2 45.6 min), which is another valuable candidate for TAT. Actinium-225 can be produced via proton irradiation of thorium metal; however, long-lived 227Ac (t 1/2 = 21.8 a, 99% β -, 1% α) is co-produced during this process and will impact the quality of the final product. Thus, accurate assays are needed to determine the 225Ac/ 227Ac ratio,more » which is dependent on beam energy, irradiation time and target design. Accurate actinium assays, in turn, require efficient separation of actinium isotopes from both the Th matrix and highly radioactive activation by-products, especially radiolanthanides formed from proton-induced fission. In this study, we introduce a novel, selective chromatographic technique for the recovery and purification of actinium isotopes from irradiated Th matrices. A two-step sequence of cation exchange and extraction chromatography was implemented. Radiolanthanides were quantitatively removed from Ac, and no non-Ac radionuclidic impurities were detected in the final Ac fraction. An 225Ac spike added prior to separation was recovered at ≥98%, and Ac decontamination from Th was found to be ≥10 6. Finally, the purified actinium fraction allowed for highly accurate 227Ac determination at analytical scales, i.e., at 227Ac activities of 1–100 kBq (27 nCi to 2.7 μCi).« less
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.12.045
Alpha-Emitters and Targeted Alpha Therapy in Oncology: from Basic Science to Clinical Investigations
Journal Article Makvandi, Mehran ; Dupis, Edouard ; Engle, Jonathan W. ; ... - Targeted Oncology
Alpha-emitters are radionuclides that decay through the emission of high linear energy transfer α-particles and possess favorable pharmacologic profiles for cancer treatment. When coupled with monoclonal antibodies, peptides, small molecules, or nanoparticles, the excellent cytotoxic capability of α-particle emissions has generated a strong interest in exploring targeted α-therapy in the pre-clinical setting and more recently in clinical trials in oncology. Multiple obstacles have been overcome by researchers and clinicians to accelerate the development of targeted α-therapies, especially with the recent improvement in isotope production and purification, but also with the development of innovative strategies for optimized targeting. Numerous studies havemore » demonstrated the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of the targeted α-therapy. Radium-223 ( 223Ra) dichloride (Xofigo®) is the first α-emitter to have received FDA approval for the treatment of prostate cancer with metastatic bone lesions. There is a significant increase in the number of clinical trials in oncology using several radionuclides such as Actinium-225 ( 225Ac), Bismuth-213 ( 213Bi), Lead-212 ( 212Pb), Astatine ( 211At) or Radium-223 ( 223Ra) assessing their safety and preliminary activity. Finally, this review will cover their therapeutic application as well as summarize the investigations that provide the foundation for further clinical development.« less


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text:
https://www.smartertimes.com/679/lackluster
An article in the metro section of today's New York Times runs under the headline, "City College, the Faded Jewel of CUNY, Is Recovering Its Luster and Its Achievers." The most significant piece of evidence the Times musters to support this claim is that the average SAT score for all of the "regularly admitted freshman applicants from American high schools" at City College was 1089. What's interesting is that the Times seems to think the only relevant benchmark for comparison of the City College SAT scores is the scores at other City University of New York campuses. It's the soft bigotry of low expectations, all over again. The average score for all college-bound students who took the test was 1020, so a 1089 on a scale that tops out at 1600 isn't exactly lustrous. If the Times is going to compare City College to other colleges, why not measure it up against other high-grade public universities like the University of California at Berkeley or the University of Michigan? And aren't the SAT scores of the students who actually enrolled more relevant than the SAT scores of those merely admitted? For all the Times readers know, a few students with high SAT scores applied to City College as a backup "safety school," were admitted, and then decided to go to college somewhere else. Never mind the irony that the Times, which is constantly harping on the imperfections of the SAT, is now all of a sudden using it as a way to measure the quality of the students that a college is attracting.
News Article: Ramirez Romances McCall
By BENJAMIN SMITH
Smartertimes.com Staff
NEW YORK -- An architect of the black-Hispanic coalition that carried Fernando Ferrer's mayoral run could soon be on the payroll of State Comptroller Carl McCall's gubernatorial campaign.
Roberto Ramirez, who stepped down yesterday as chairman of the Bronx County Democratic Committee, told Smartertimes.com that he is in talks with the McCall campaign about taking a position as a paid political consultant.
The McCall campaign would not comment on the potential hiring, but some city political consultants speculated that the former Bronx boss will be brought on staff to boost Mr. McCall's support among New York's Hispanics, who proved themselves a crucial group of swing voters in last year's mayoral contest. Mr. Ramirez's role in the campaign could signal a departure from Mr. McCall's traditionally muted approach to the politics of race; and some observers warned that explicit appeals on racial lines would cut into the comptroller's support among non-Hispanic whites, who made up 62% of the state's population at the time of the 2000 census. Mr. McCall demonstrated his broad appeal when he was reelected comptroller in 1998 with more votes than the winner of any other New York State contest that year. Mr. Ramirez, in contrast, crafted Bronx Borough President Ferrer's campaign for mayor, which focused on the "other New York" of black and Hispanic voters.
Adopting Mr. Ferrer's tactics in a statewide race "would be a mistake," said a New York political consultant, Joseph Mercurio. "McCall has been a big vote-getter in the past because he's run color-blind campaigns," he said.
Mr. Ramirez said Thursday that he has had "a number of conversations" with representatives of the McCall campaign about taking a paid position. The former county leader has already announced plans to set up a private consulting firm. "I certainly hope" to go to work for Mr. McCall, he told Smartertimes.com.
An adviser to Mr. McCall, Hank Sheinkopf, would not comment on the possibility that Mr. Ramirez would join the campaign. Also declining to comment was Peter Ragone, a spokesman for McCall's rival for the Democratic nomination for governor, Andrew Cuomo, who was secretary of housing and urban development in the Clinton administration and who is a son of former New York governor Mario Cuomo.
Mr. Ramirez had already endorsed Mr. McCall, but Mr. Ramirez's move to the private sector will free him of any restrictions that the Bronx County Committee could impose on his campaigning and fundraising activities, a spokeswoman for the New York State Democratic Party, Serena Torrey, said.
"McCall is a guy who has managed to straddle a number of worlds," said a professor of history at Cooper Union, Fred Siegel. A shift toward campaign tactics with an explicit focus on race "will make it harder for him to appear as a moderate upstate," he said.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
PhD Students on the Job Market
Scott A Bernard
Executive Professor
sabernar@syr.edu
Scott Bernard - CV
Scott Bernard is an Executive Professor of Practice who has been with the iSchool faculty since 1998 and currently serves as a senior IT policy analyst with the Office of Management and Budget at the White House. He has over thirty years of information technology management experience in the public, private, military, and academic sectors and has held executive positions as a Chief Information Officer, Chief Enterprise Architect, Chief IT Security Officer, and owner of a management and technology consulting firm. During his time with the iSchool, Dr. Bernard has developed a number of new courses, helped to launch the university's first executive doctorate program in IT management, developed a graduate certificate in E-Government with the Maxwell School of Public Administration, and co-founded a university-wide center for cybersecurity studies. He also serves as a senior lecturer at Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science, with the Institute for Software Research where he developed an executive education program in enterprise architecture. Dr. Bernard founded the Journal of Enterprise Architecture in 2005 and served as its Chief Editor until 2010. In 2004, he wrote the first textbook on enterprise architecture which features the EA3 Cube Framework that is used to integrate strategic, business, and technology planning by corporations and government agencies around the world, as well as being featured in a number of university curricula and training programs on enterprise architecture, strategic planning, capital planning, program management, cybersecurity, and organizational design. Dr. Bernard was elected by peers to the Enterprise Architecture Hall of Fame in 2012.Dr. Bernard earned his Ph.D. in Public Administration and Policy at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; a master's degree in Business and Personnel Management from Central Michigan University, a master's degree in Information Management from Syracuse University, and a bachelor's degree in Psychology from the University of Southern California. He is a graduate of the United States Naval War College, and earned a Chief Information Officer Certificate and an Advanced Program Management Certificate from the National Defense University. Dr. Bernard is also a former career naval aviator who served on aircraft carriers and with shore squadrons, led IT programs, and was the Director of Network Operations for the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the Pentagon.
boating, flying, reading, gardening.
1. Served as the U.S. Federal Chief Information Officer; 2010-2018; 2. Member of iSchool faculty since 1998; 3. Senior Lecturer at Carnegie Mellon University's School of Computer Science since 2005.
1. Organizational architecture and design; 2. Evaluating disruptive technologies; 3. Public and Private Sector Chief Information Officer Roles; 4. U.S. Federal Policy on Information Technology
1. Chief Information Officers in the Public and Private Sector; 2. Enterprise Architecture; 3. Strategic Management of IT Resources; 4. IT Security Architecture; 5. IT Internship Oversight
Teaching History - 2020-2021
Fall 2020 IST755 M400 Strategic Mgmt/Info Resources
Fall 2020 IST726 M001 Enterprise Architecture
Spring 2020 IST755 M400 Strategic Mgmt/Info Resources
Fall 2018 IST971 M400 Internship in Info Studies
Summer 2019 IST725 M800 IT Security Architecture
Summer 2019 IST755 M400 Strategic Mgmt/Info Resources
Summer 2019 IST971 M803 Internship in Info Studies
Fall 2017 IST728 M001 Information Security Policy
Spring 2018 IST700 M800 Leading IT: Transforming the E
Spring 2017 IST724 M001 Database Security
Summer 2017 IST600 M500 Eval.Disruptive Info Tech/Trnd
Summer 2017 IST725 U800 IT Security Architecture
Fall 2015 IST722 M800 Data Warehouse
Spring 2016 IST725 M800 IT Security Architecture
Summer 2016 IST400 M700 Disruptive Info,Tech & Trend
Summer 2015 IST700 M800 CIO in Global Enterprises
Summer 2015 IST600 M700 Disruptive Info Tech & Trends
Fall 2012 IST711 M800 e-Government
Fall 2009 IST880 M001 Intensive Seminar
Summer 2009 IST880 M001 Intensive Seminar
Summer 2008 IST700 M001 CIO in Public/Private Secs
Spring 2006 IST726 M001 Enterprise Architecture
Spring 2006 IST840 M030 Practicum in Teaching


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BREAKING: 6th Circuit Court of Appeals Rules Bump Stocks are Not Machine Guns
Written by Luis Valdes, Contributor Truth About Guns Published: 25 March 2021
From Gun Owners of America . . .
Today, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit reversed a district court decision which had denied Gun Owners of America's motion for a preliminary injunction preventing the ATF from implementing a final rule classifying bump stocks as machine guns under federal law.
This case was brought by GOA, Gun Owners Foundation (GOF), the Virginia Citizens Defense League (VCDL), Matt Watkins, Tim Harmsen of the Military Arms Channel, and GOA's Texas Director, Rachel Malone.
"Today's court decision is great news and told gun owners what they already knew," said GOA Senior Vice President Erich Pratt. "We are glad the court applied the statute accurately, and struck down the ATF's illegal overreach and infringement of gun owners' rights."
"Chevron deference does not apply to agency interpretation of criminal statute thus court does not need to decide whether agency can waive chevron deference therefore court must determine BEST MEANING of the statute the "statutory context" of "single function of the trigger" "weighs heavily in Plaintiff-Appellants' favor" adopt our position that it "refers to the mechanical process"
Pratt added that the court understood our argument when they included in the opinion that: "A bump stock may change how the pull of the trigger is accomplished, but it does not change the fact that the semiautomatic firearm shoots only one shot for each pull of the trigger."
"With or without a bump stock, a semiautomatic firearm is capable of firing only a single shot for each pull of the trigger and is unable to fire again until the trigger is released and the hammer of the firearm is reset."
Read more at The Truth about Guns
Critics of federal ban on firearms device win key decision


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The recent bombing in Manchester was horrible. The thought of people having the time of their lives, children and teenagers, and having that joyous experience shattered by someone that blew himself up is unthinkable. As time goes by I have to accept that at some point in my life, I may also be in the midst of a person with the intention of using his or her life as a tool to take the lives of many. This got me thinking about life; it's meaning, and what it may mean to others.
Life is a precious thing to waste. I've always believed that life happens as soon as it begins to grow; a seed is just a seed until it sprouts. From that time on, life…all life moves closer and closer to death. Not to sound morbid but, we are not living; we are dying. All life has a finite amount of time on this planet so with the time remaining, what will be my contribution. I can't contribute if I cut my life short and we are only stronger if we work together.
Back to this question, why would someone use his or her own life as a weapon of mass destruction? In thinking about this question it dawned on me that other people/cultures may think of life differently than I do. In that there are some who believe that life is something to value and others that believe that life is something of value.
To value life is to love and believe in the give and take that can only occur while being alive; loving someone to the end of time, experiencing the growth of your children, taking a walk and breathing in the air, the clouds, the magic of the seasons, knowing and looking forward to your own growth and the inevitability of old age.
To see your life is something of value is to see yourself as a tool, one that can bring great wealth such as a sports star, prostitute, a suicide bomber. On the other hand, I don't think people actually see themselves as something of value…I think it's others that see other people's lives as something of value. Managers of athletes, actors and musicians must see the value in people in terms of dollars or they wouldn't manage them. I think people can also see the value in themselves in that they believe that due to whatever qualities they possess, they are worth a certain amount of dollars.
I think the problem I have is people seeing themselves as a tool of destruction. Although an athlete may sell himself to the highest bidder, selling his soul to the devil sort of speak, he or she still believes that life is something to value because it is that very life that is bringing in the bucks. In addition, the athlete will want to reap the rewards of wealth after he or she retires. But, to believe that your life is something of value such as the case of a suicide bomber, he or she has to be manipulated into believing that ending his or her life for whatever reason is more important than living it and I just can't fathom the processes that occur when being manipulated into using your life as a tool of destruction for the sake of something or someone else.
I've written enough. Honestly, I don't think that I got any closer to answering my question and in the meantime, I'm waiting for the next one to happen. I just hope that it's not at our doorstep.


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Friedrich Ratzel () a fost un zoolog, geograf și geopolitician german, considerat părintele fondator al geopoliticii. Autor a numeroase lucrări, printre care Antropogeografia (1888) și Geografia politică (1897).

De la Friederich Ratzel a rămas denumirea de "antropogeografie" (geografie umană). În cadrul acesteia, el a analizat aspecte de geografie politică: teritoriul, războiul, statul, poporul, energia poporului (energie vitală), teritoriul necesar unui popor (spațiu vital). Opera sa a reprezentat sursa elaborării ideologiei național-socialiste de către Adolf Hitler în cartea sa Mein Kampf.

Friedrich Ratzel, un geograf și etnograf german, a fost remarcabil și pentru faptul că a folosit pentru prima termenul Lebensraum ("spațiu de locuit"), în sensul în care socialiștii naționali l-au utilizat ulterior.

Viața
Tatăl lui Ratzel era șeful personalului gospodăriei Marelui Duce din Baden. Friedrich a urmat  liceul în Karlsruhe timp de șase ani, înainte de a fi dat la studii la farmaceutică la vârsta de 15 ani. În 1863, a plecat la Rapperswil pe lacul Zurich, Elveția, unde a început să studieze clasicul. Un an mai târziu, fiind medic la Moers lângă Krefeld din zona Ruhr (1865-1866), a petrecut o scurtă perioadă de timp la liceul din Karlsruhe și a devenit student la zoologie la universitățile din Heidelberg, Jena și Berlin, absolvind în 1868.

După finalizarea școlarizării sale, Ratzel a început o perioadă de călătorii, transformându-se din zoolog / biolog în geograf. A început să lucreze în teren la Marea Mediterană, scriind scrisori ale experiențelor sale. Aceste scrisori au dus la o slujbă ca reporter ce călătorește pentru Kölnische Zeitung ("Cologne Journal"), care i-a oferit mijloace pentru deplasările ulterioare. Ratzel s-a aventurat în mai multe expediții, cea mai lungă și cea mai importantă fiind călătoria sa în America de Nord, Cuba și Mexic în perioada 1874-1875. Această călătorie a fost un punct de cotitură în cariera lui Ratzel. El a studiat influența oamenilor de origine germană în America, în special în Vestul mijlociu al Statelor Unite, precum și a altor grupuri etnice din America de Nord.

El a realizat o lucrare scrisă din contul său în 1876, Städte-und Kulturbilder aus Nordamerika (Profilul orașelor și culturilor din America de Nord), care ar contribui la stabilirea domeniului geografiei culturale. Potrivit lui Ratzel, orașele sunt cel mai bun loc pentru a studia oamenii, deoarece viața în orașe este "amestecată, comprimată și accelerată" și scoate în evidență "cele mai mari, cele mai bune și cele mai tipice aspecte ale oamenilor". Ratzel călătorea în orașe precum New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, Richmond, Charleston,New Orleans și San Francisco.

După întoarcerea sa în 1875, Ratzel a devenit lector în geografie la Liceul Tehnic din München. În 1876, a fost promovat la profesor asistent, apoi a devenit profesor în 1880. Între timp la München, Ratzel a scris mai multe cărți și și-a stabilit cariera sa academică. În 1886, a acceptat o programare la Universitatea din Leipzig. Prelegerile sale au fost frecventate, în special de influentul geograf american Ellen Churchill Semple.

Ratzel a pus fundamentele geografiei umane în cele două volume Antropogeographie din 1882 și 1891. Această lucrare a fost interpretată greșit de mulți dintre studenții săi, creând o serie de determiniști de mediu. El și-a publicat lucrarea privind geografia politică, Politische Geographie, în 1897. În această lucrare Ratzel a introdus concepte care au contribuit la Lebensraum și darwinismul social. Cea de-a treia lucrare a sa, volumul "Istoria omenirii" a fost publicată în limba engleză în 1896 și conținea peste 1100 de gravuri excelente și o cromolitografie remarcabilă.

Ratzel și-a continuat activitatea la Leipzig, până la moartea sa subită pe 9 august 1904 în Ammerland, Germania. Ratzel, fiind un învățăt de interes academic universitar, era un german hotărât. În timpul izbucnirii războiului franco-prusac în 1870, sa alăturat armatei prusace și a fost rănit de două ori în timpul războiului.

Scrieri
Influențat de gânditori, inclusiv de Darwin și zoologul Ernst Heinrich Haeckel, a publicat mai multe lucrări. Printre acestea se numără eseul Lebensraum (1901) referitor la biogeografie, creând o bază pentru varianta unică a geopoliticii germane: Geopolitik.
Scrierile lui Ratzel, au coincis cu creșterea industrializării germane după războiul franco-prusac și cu căutarea ulterioară a piețelor, care au adus-o în competiție cu Marea Britanie. Scrierile sale au servit drept o justificare binevenită pentru expansiunea imperială. Influențat de geostrategistul american Alfred Thayer Mahan, Ratzel a scris despre aspirațiile de a ajunge la navele germane, fiind de acord că puterea maritimă se auto-susține, deoarece din profitul din comerț,  plăteau marinarilor comercianți, spre deosebire de puterea de pe uscat.

Principala contribuție a lui Ratzel la geopolitik a fost expansiunea asupra concepției biologice a geografiei, fără o concepție statică a granițelor. Statele sunt, în schimb, organice și în creștere, frontierele reprezentând doar o oprire temporară în mișcarea lor. Nu este statul propriu-zis ca și organism, ci pământul în legătura sa spirituală cu poporul, care atrage atenția spre el. Amploarea granițelor unui stat este o reflectare a sănătății națiunii.

Ideea lui Ratzel despre Raum (spațiu) ar crește din concepția sa de stat organic. Conceptul său timpuriu de lebensraum nu era o expansiune politică sau economică, ci o expansiune naționalistă și spirituală rasială. Motivul Raum este o forță motrice istorică, împingând popoarele cu un mare Kultur să se extindă în mod natural. Spațiul, după Ratzel, a fost un concept vag, teoretic nelimitat. Raum a fost definit ca locul în care trăiesc popoarele germane, iar alte state mai slabe ar putea servi pentru a susține economic poporul german, iar cultura germană ar putea fertiliza alte culturi. Cu toate acestea, trebuie remarcat faptul că conceptul lui Ratzel de raum nu a fost prea agresiv, dar a teoretizat pur și simplu ca expansiune naturală a statelor puternice, în zone controlate de state mai slabe.

Cartea pentru care Ratzel este recunoscută în întreaga lume este Antropogeographie. A fost finalizată între anii 1872 și 1899. Principalul obiectiv al acestei lucrări monumentale îl reprezintă efectele diferitelor caracteristici fizice și locații asupra stilului și vieții oamenilor.

Citate
"O filozofie a istoriei rasei umane, demnă de numele ei, trebuie să înceapă cu cerurile și să coboare pe pământ, trebuie să fie taxată de convingerea că toată existența este una - o singură concepție susținută de la început până la sfârșit pe o lege identică."

Note

Nașteri în 1844
Decese în 1904
Geografi germani
Geopoliticieni germani
Geografi din secolul al XIX-lea
Geografi din secolul al XX-lea

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to respond data with an array instead of object
I want to receive an array for data, something like this:

    "data": [
    "6": {
        "title": "..",
        "photo": ..
    }
]

But I am receving an object :

    "data": {
    "6": {
        "title": "..",
        "photo": ".."
    }
}

And another intresting fact is that for first page I am receiving how it is needed:

        "data": [
    "1": {
        "title": "..",
        "photo": ..
    },
.
.
.
        "6": {
            "title": "..",
            "photo": ..
        }
]

This is my function in controller:

        $lists = [];
    $cooks = cook::all();
    foreach ($cooks as $cook) {
        $list = [
            'title' => $cook->title,
            'photo' => $cook->photos->path,
            'recipe' => $cook->recipe->description
        ];
        $lists[] = $list;
    }
    $collection = $this->paginate($lists, $perPage = 6, $page = null, $options = []);
    return new mainCollection($collection);

I have the following function for pagination:

    public function paginate($items, $perPage = 15, $page = null, $options = [])
{
    $page = $page ?: (Paginator::resolveCurrentPage() ?: 1);
    $items = $items instanceof Collection ? $items : Collection::make($items);
    return new LengthAwarePaginator($items->forPage($page, $perPage), $items->count(), $perPage, $page, $options);
}

and the following is my resourceColection(mainColection) :

public function toArray($request)
{
    return [
        'data' => $this->collection,
        'meta' => ['pagination' => $this->pagination]
    ];
}

A: You can use laravel map since you're working with collections.
$array =  $this->collection->map(function ($item, $key) {
    return [
       'title': "tort",
        ...
    ]
});

and encode it as json
 public function toArray($request)
   {
    return [
        'data' => json_encode($array),
        'meta' => ['pagination' => $this->pagination]
    ];
   }

also you read the documentation here: https://laravel.com/docs/5.8/collections

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Between The Lines is a weekly syndicated half-hour radio newsmagazine featuring progressive perspectives on national and international political, economic and social issues. Squeaky Wheel Productions is our 501(c)(3) nonprofit production company and distributor.
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Showcasing the music of Domenico Corri and his descendants. Domenico Corri was an Italian musician who settled in Scotland in 1781.
Apologies for the turgidity of this piece, it was created note by note in Cakewalk as a midi file!


text:
What's on TV? Friday, April 7, 1972
This week we make (I believe) our first visit to the Bay Area in California. With more than a few stations to choose from, I've decided to go with the listings for San Francisco-Oakland, with Sacramento thrown in as a bonus. It's an area that, broadcasting-wise, I know absolutely nothing about, although I can tell you from having spent a vacation there once that there's nothing like watching a live sporting event starting in the morning to remind you that you're not in Kansas - or Texas - anymore. Let's get to it, and if any of you out there have some added details to offer, by all means please do!
KTVU, Channel 2 (Ind.)
Jack LaLanne
News (local)
Religion Today
Cartoon Town
Romper Room
The Flying Nun
Donna Reed (B&W)
Lucille Rivers
Virginia Graham (guests Mrs. Hubert Humphrey, Hugh Downs, Patton biographer Ladislas Farago)
Movie – "Three is a Family" (B&W)
The Amateur's Guide to Love (guests Karen Valentine, Charles Nelson Riley)
McHale's Navy
Please Don't Eat the Daisies
Gilligan's Island
Mayberry R.F.D.
I Love Lucy (B&W)
Movie – "Portrait of a Mobster" (B&W)
News (George Reading)
Movie – "The Helen Morgan Story" (B&W)
KCRA, Channel 3 (Sacramento) (NBC)
Farm Market Report
Rhyme and Reason (B&W)
Dinah Shore (guest Topol)
The Hollywood Squares (Desi Arnaz Sr., Nanette Fabray, Valerie Harper, Michael Landon, Paul Lynde, Jan Murray, Karen Valentine)
The Who, What or Where Game
NBC News (Floyd Kalber)
Return to Peyton Place
Movie – "It Happens Every Spring" (B&W)
Hogan's Heroes
Dick Van Dyke (B&W)
NBC Nightly News with John Chancellor
Movie – "Rampage"
Oscar – The Story Behind the Statue (special)
The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson (guest Diane Keaton)
KRON, Channel 4 (NBC)
Three on a Match
Wide, Wonderful World
Movie – "Colossus: The Forbin Project"
Dr. Simon Locke
KPIX, Channel 5 (CBS)
Sunrise Semester (Chemistry)
Sut Yung Ying Yee
CBS Morning News with John Hart
Captain Kangaroo
Bentley Affair
CBS News (Douglas Edwards)
Search for Tomorrow
Love is a Many Splendored Thing
The Guiding Light
The Secret Storm
The Edge of Night
Mike Douglas (co-host Carol Channing, guest Henry Morgan)
David Frost (guests Chad Everett, Norm Crosby, Isaac Hayes)
CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite
News (Magers/Thompkins)
Whatchamacallit
O'Hara, U.S. Treasury
Movie – "The Glass House"
Meet the Masters (special)
Movie – "The Plainsman"
Movie – "Poppy" (B&W)
KGO, Channel 7 (ABC)
Latin American Culture
A.M. (Jim Dunbar)
Movie – "Fire Down Below"
News (Christine Lund)
The Galloping Gourmet
Password (guests Peter Lawford, Greg Morris)
Let's Make a Deal
The Newlywed Game
Love, American Style
News (Van Amburg/Jensen)
ABC Evening News with Howard K. Smith and Harry Reasoner
Movie – "It Started with a Kiss"
Dick Cavett (guest Robert Culp)
KQED, Channel 9 (PBS)
Sesame Street (B&W)
Classroom (B&W)
The Electric Company (B&W)
The Electric Company
Newsroom (Mel Wax)
Film Odyssey
KXTV, Channel 10 (Sacramento) (CBS)
Virginia Graham (guests Jim and Henny Backus, Darren O'Connor, Pamela Sue Martin)
The Wild, Wild West
Movie – "Twelve O'Clock High" (B&W)
Movie – "The Power"
KOVR, Channel 13 (Sacramento) (ABC)
Timmy and Lassie (B&W)
Cartoonland
Phil Donahue (guest Nathaniel Brande)
Call 13
The Big Valley
Movie – "Companions in Nightmare"
KTXL, Channel 40 (Sacramento) (Ind.)
The Banana Splits
Tennessee Tuxedo and His Tales
New Zoo Revue
The Movie Game (guests Henry Fonda, George Gobel, Mercedes McCambridge, Bob Newhart, Marlo Thomas)
Movie – "Armored Command" (B&W)
Movie – "Paths of Glory" (B&W)
Movie – "The Black Triangle" (B&W)
Movie – "Clive of India" (B&W)
KBHK, Channel 44 (Ind.)
The Wonderful Stories of Professor Kitzel
San Francisco Today
The Three Stooges (B&W)
Movie – "Atragon"
The Outer Limits (B&W)
One Step Beyond (B&W)
Movie – "Curse of the Swamp Creature"
Labels: 1970s, Bay Area, TV listings
Independent KTVU picked-up three CBS daytime shows not cleared by nominal CBS affiliate KPIX.
Of course, this problem doesn't exist today, since outside of occasional local news event coverage, KPIX clears all of CBS's programs. Of course, KPIX is now a CBS O&O.
Jon April 5, 2016 at 12:40 AM
Yes, KPIX was owned by Westinghouse originally, and then CBS bought all the Westinghouse stations, including the former NBC affiliates in Boston & Philadelphia and the ABC affiliate in Baltimore. These were all switched to CBS. Westinghouse also owned KDKA in Pittsburgh, which of course stayed with CBS.
Tom Stein April 6, 2016 at 3:42 PM
Oh, let us not forget that CBS also owns the former KBHK (now KBCW, the Bay Area's CW station) as a CW O&O, and KTVU joined the Fox network upon its birth in 1986, and was not a Fox O&O until 2014.
The Hermit April 6, 2016 at 11:05 AM
I'm a bit disappointed that you ignored the many independent UHF stations in the area. I believe that the Bay Area had more of them than any other area in the country at the time (even NY or LA). Also the SF metro area includes San Mateo and San Jose. I know all the SF/Oakland stations were receivable in San Jose with rabbit ears in the 70s, so I would assume the reverse is true.
This week in TV Guide: May 4, 1957
Early television: good or bad?
What's on TV? Wednesday, May 1, 1968
This week in TV Guide: April 27, 1968
When television was live - and living
What's on TV? Sunday, April 18, 1993
TV Jibe: What your pets watch while you're at work
What's on TV? Tuesday, April 10, 1956
This week in TV Guide: April 7, 1956
TV Jibe: Play Ball!


text:
Dassault Systèmes Delivers New, Innovative Realistic Simulation Technology in SIMULIA's Abaqus 6.11 Release
Dépèche transmise le 18 mai 2011 par Business Wire
VÉLIZY-VILLACOUBLAY, France & PROVIDENCE, R.I.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Dassault Systèmes (Euronext Paris: #13065, DSY.PA), a world leader in 3D and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) solutions, today announced new nonlinear structural optimization, coupled multiphysics, and high-performance computing technology available in Abaqus 6.11, the leading unified FEA product suite from SIMULIA.
"The ability to run more design candidates while shortening engineering cycles is the future of computer-aided engineering"
With new capabilities and more than 100 customer-requested enhancements, Abaqus 6.11 delivers on SIMULIA's strategic commitment to provide scalable, high-quality realistic simulation solutions. SIMULIA customers in a wide range of industries—including aerospace, automotive, consumer packaged goods, energy, and life sciences—are using Abaqus to explore the real-world physical behavior of products and materials, in order to improve performance, reliability and safety, while reducing development time and costs.
"Meeting our customers' demands to simulate the true-to-life behavior of their products drives our strategy of developing the most innovative and robust realistic simulation solutions possible," stated Pat Cadrin, director of product management, SIMULIA, Dassault Systèmes. "With Abaqus 6.11, we have delivered new capabilities that allow users to analyze a broader range of multiphysics problems, leverage the latest high performance computing technologies, and accelerate the optimization of their designs. This release clearly demonstrates our commitment to enabling our customers to be more productive and efficient, and therefore more competitive in their race-to-market."
Abaqus 6.11 marks the first release of the Abaqus Topology Optimization Module (ATOM). This add-on product enables Abaqus users to perform topology and shape optimization for single parts and assemblies, while taking into account large deformation, material nonlinearity and contact.
"We are exploring the possible uses of ATOM on different nonlinear models and customer cases," said Rob van Tol, program manager of Virtual Engineering at Sirris, a technological services company in Belgium. "We are impressed by the way ATOM has been integrated in Abaqus and we believe that nonlinear topology optimization will provide significant time and cost savings during our customer's product development process as well as enable them to be more innovative in finding the best design to meet their product's performance requirements."
Abaqus 6.11 also introduces a new electromagnetics solution technology to solve problems requiring time-harmonic eddy current analysis, such as the hardening of a bearing surface due to induction. In addition, this release provides a new smoothed particle hydrodynamics capability for modeling violent free-surface flows, such as fluid sloshing.
Additionally, customers will benefit from improved performance in Abaqus 6.11, including support for graphics processing units (GPU). "The ability to run more design candidates while shortening engineering cycles is the future of computer-aided engineering," said Andrew Cresci, general manager of strategic alliances in NVIDIA's Professional Solutions Group. "CUDA-based GPU acceleration in Abaqus 6.11 can provide a 2x speed up for a range of models and industries, helping SIMULIA customers dramatically improve their workflow and deliver higher quality products to market, faster."
For more new Abaqus 6.11 features and enhancements visit: www.simulia.com/products/abaqus_fea.
About SIMULIA
SIMULIA is the Dassault Systèmes brand that delivers a scalable portfolio of Realistic Simulation solutions including the Abaqus product suite for Unified Finite Element Analysis, multiphysics solutions for insight into challenging engineering problems, and SIMULIA SLM for managing simulation data, processes, and intellectual property. By building on established technology, respected quality, and superior customer service, SIMULIA makes realistic simulation an integral business practice that improves product performance, reduces physical prototypes, and drives innovation. Headquartered in Providence, RI, USA, SIMULIA provides sales, services, and support through a global network of regional offices and distributors. For more information, visit www.simulia.com.
About Dassault Systèmes
As a world leader in 3D and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) solutions, Dassault Systèmes brings value to more than 130,000 customers in 80 countries. A pioneer in the 3D software market since 1981, Dassault Systèmes applications provide a 3D vision of the entire lifecycle of products from conception to maintenance to recycling. The Dassault Systèmes portfolio consists of CATIA for designing the virtual product - DELMIA for virtual production - SIMULIA for virtual testing - ENOVIA for global collaborative lifecycle management, EXALEAD for search-based applications- SolidWorks for 3D mechanical design and 3DVIA for online 3D lifelike experiences. For more information, visit http://www.3ds.com.
CATIA, DELMIA, ENOVIA, EXALEAD, SIMULIA, SolidWorks and 3DVIA are registered trademarks of Dassault Systèmes or its subsidiaries in the US and/or other countries.


Leaders are willing to lead and take charge. They often exhibit moral or ethical courage, and set an example for others, through their own actions and opinions. Leaders can set a clear vision and direction, leading employees to achieve the organisational goals and engaging employees.
Leadership skills can be taught and are essential to being a leader in an organisation, the ability to delegate and to communicate effectively is paramount. Informally you can lead by motivating and inspiring your colleagues and teams.
The desire to lead is often due to wanting to motivate others and help them succeed. However, leadership roles are given to those good at their roles and not necessarily to those suited to the job. A good leader will lead by example, listen, be fair, be authentic, and take responsibility for their teams.
You have a desire to lead others and take charge. You are willing to guide others, mentor them, and see them add values in their roles.
You prefer not to lead others, you do not like to take disciplinary responsibility for others and check in and mentor them on a regular basis.
Share your vision for a project or for your team with your colleagues and bring them on board with your ideas. Lead by example and never ask them, or encourage them, to do something you wouldn't do yourself. Listen to their concerns, how they like to be motivated, their ideas and take them into account. Guide and mentor others at any opportunity you are given. Exhibit your motivation to lead and add value to others.
Are you your authentic self at work?
Are you able to make decisions and take ownership of them?
Do you hold yourself accountable for your and your team's success?
Are you currently mentoring anyone at work?


*Gender / Are you female or male?
*Age / Would you reveal us your age?
*How would you decscribe your skin?
*What special features will also fall on to your skin?
*What are the most important care needs for your face?
*How would you decscribe your hair?
*What special features will also fall on to your hair?
*What do you wish for your hair?


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Hundreds Protested Virtually as CCSF Faces Layoffs Due to Budget Shortfall
Hugo Pritchard
SAN FRANCISCO — For over a decade, the City College of San Francisco and its faculty union, American Federation of Teachers Local 2121, has been under attack from many quarters, particularly the ACCJC (the Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges). AFT 2121 had a long court battle to overturn the ACCJC verdict that CCSF was rated the lowest level. AFT 2121 in 2013 won that battle in court—the ACCJC verdict was overturned. It also led to a restructuring of the organization.
Last Friday, AFT 2121 faced a much formidable foe—the shortfall of the CCSF budget which results in the layoffs of 163 instructors, the elimination of all programs, and many services to students such as counseling, which is also impacted by the layoffs.
500 people (and an additional 150 in a face-to-face protest at City Hall) met in a virtual press conference where the speakers decried the actions of the CCSF administration with their decision to layoff faculty and eliminate programs and services. The first to speak was Hillary Ronen, the SF Supervisor that represents the area where CCSF is located. She spoke about the value that the institution is to working-class San Franciscans, and she would do what she could for CCSF. Ronen did not say specifically what she would do.
Eira Kien, who arrived in the US without knowing how to speak English, spoke of how the CCSF ESL department was the key to acquiring English fluency. She also spoke of the value of CCSF to the non-English-speaking immigrant community. Her brother went to CCSF to gain EMT skills. Kien's brother went on to become a firefighter with the San Francisco Fire Department.
Vick Chung of the CCSF Board of Trustees' Student Trustee also spoke out.
Chung argued that "CCSF is vital to the SF community health—not just physical health, though CCSF provided help with COVID screening and vaccinations. These cuts and layoffs put these at risk." Chung also connected white supremacy to the CCSF administration. Since students of color make up the majority of students, Chung is critical of the largely white administration in charge of the decision-making process. The California Federation of Teachers (CFT) President, Jeff Freitas spoke next.
Freitas connected the struggle for Prop A that would help fund CCSF, and the assaults from the ACCJC which AFT 2121 came away victorious with help from CFT. The assault from the CCSF administration proves to be more formidable since the shortfall in the CCSF budget cannot be ignored. Freitas stated that $28.5 million could be used by CCSF to cover the shortfall. This would come from $1.8 trillion dollars from the American Rescue Plan just signed into law by President Biden. Whether or not it will be allocated to that is an open question; the CCSF Board of Trustees has not decided what to do with the money.
Adriane Rivera, an academic counselor, spoke in Spanish about the devastating impacts on CCSF students and the SF community-at-large. In her remarks, which she repeated in English, Rivera emphasized how students of color, Latino and Black American students would lose access to higher education with these cuts.
Other students, faculty, community members, and politicians among the 500 participants weighed on the CCSF administration's draconian budget cuts and layoffs. It remains to be seen what the CCSF administration and Board of Trustees will decide on: proceed with the cuts and layoffs or use federal dollars to avoid the consequences of these actions.
Photo by Umi Hagitani
Hugo is a member of the Haiti Action Committee, a history professor at West Valley College, and Vice President of the West Valley-Mission Federation of Teachers/AFT Local 6554.
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Opinion: Companies should make spending decisions based on knowledge, not fear, but that's not what's happening in the compliance market.
I was walking around the vendor showcase floor at a recent conference and was amazed at the number of vendors pushing compliance-related themes. Thats not all that surprising I suppose when estimates have pegged compliance spending at more than $15 billion annually.
Compliance after all is one of the easier sells because it is by and large a fear-based sales pitch. Lets face it: Companies are not spending millions of dollars a year on compliance because they can quantify their return on investment. Now we can debate the so-called rational ROI approach to buying software or services, but nothing gets a market more pumped up than fear.
My wife hates those Michelin tire commercials—the ones where the message essentially is that you are a bad parent if you dont buy Michelin tires "because so much is riding on your tires." Having said that, we all know that fear sells. Why else are we willing to stand in line at the airport while some hourly TSA employee X-rays the shoes of a 70-year-old grandmother? Fear selling rules the election process, so why not software sales?
Compliance and the fear of running afoul of some regulatory mandate or another is driving this spending. Rationality has been set aside while organizations scramble to address an issue that is a priority because CEOs and boards of directors view compliance as a self-preservation activity.
To be clear, I am not anti-compliance. Indeed, I believe we could all do with a bit of order, process and accountability I just hate seeing people make decisions based on fear. Clearly what we fear most is the fear of the unknown.
So we hire experts to explain to us how we can become compliant. I find this part a bit ironic, actually. We hire firms to assess our organizations compliance and then we seem surprised when we discover they also offer services to enable us to address the weaknesses they have uncovered.
This seems like a conflict of interest, but thats just me. It has been my experience that we dont fear that which we know. I was recently introduced to a company that provides an automated solution for helping managers monitor just how compliant the organization is. It strikes me that this is a much better approach than simply trusting in a consultant or other third party.
/zimages/6/28571.gifChange management database systems are gaining traction because of fast-spreading audits to check for compliance with regulations. Click here to read more.
Monitoring the organizations progress toward compliance or if they are maintaining a state of compliance has created a new software category known as enterprise systems compliance monitoring, or ESCM.
I ran across a vendor named Bendemeer Technology recently that is focusing its efforts in this area. It rightfully pointed out that consulting assessments on compliance are merely a snapshot in time and that the job of actually following up after the fact can be a very labor-intensive and time-consuming effort. Bendemeer Technology, or BT, is taking a manager-of-managers approach. BTs ESCM solution provides a platform for automatically defining any number of compliance rules and objectives and tapping into an organizations existing IT infrastructure and management tools or applications to pull information, evaluate it against rules and provide a compliance scorecard.
What I liked about the BT approach was that compliance status could be delivered in a format that managers from a C-level on down could use and easily understand. Scorecards could be viewed from an enterprise perspective or broken down for example by such compliance initiatives as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act or HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), and managers could drill into tasks that received failing scores to see who was assigned responsibility for the task.
The great thing is that BT understood that basically all the information managers need to understand their compliance status is already there (most likely) and there was no need to reinvent the wheel.
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While government-mandated compliance rules may be on most peoples minds today, BTs ESCM solution is flexible enough to support any type of compliance rule. Users can build in their own rules or "control statements" to evaluate any type of process. Indeed, one customer was even using the platform to monitor the progress of staff training on compliance issues. BT simply tapped into a human resources database that is updated whenever an employee takes a class.
Auditors would love this approach because it is a single platform for monitoring the entire organizations infrastructure—even tracking history of what was done to respond to a specific failed compliance check. As a manager of managers, BT could tap into database logs, audit records, performance history databases or anything really to understand what the current state of compliance is on a ongoing basis.
The best part about this find is that I ran across a company with a positive message about compliance—one based on knowledge, not on fear. When in doubt I always recommend knowing rather than guessing.


In cooperation with partners from China, the joined project KEYS aims to promote the demand-based implementation of stormwater management measures (Sponge City) in China. Model regions are the cities of Shenzen and Beijing, both of which have been designated as 'pilot Sponge Cities'. The project was developed in close cooperation with the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST).
The project is managed by the Institute for Sanitary Engineering and Waste Management of the Leibniz University Hanover (ISAH) and is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) for a period of 3 years.
Development of integrated approaches and methods facilitating the identification and reduction of pollution loads from urban catchments into surface waters.
The activities in Beijing are coordinated by the ISAH, those in Shenzhen by KWB.
From a scientific point of view, KWB's activities comprise the development of enhanced assessment approaches for stormwater management measures and surface water protection. In addition, the combination of German and Chinese wastewater treatment technologies (membrane processes, nematode reactor) will be investigated at particular pilot plants. The transfer of established approaches to the climatic, technical and social features in the twin cities is a specific challenge. The close cooperation with the Chinese research partners in this particular field is expected to yield a considerable knowledge growth for all parties invlolved.


United started the match strongly and within two minutes Ronaldo had forced a good save from Valdes after Anderson won a free kick on the edge of Barcelona's penalty area. They played with a high tempo, attacking with pace and directness, and by the eighth minute had already taken five shots while Barcelona had none. They also succeeded in forcing Barcelona to play uncharacteristic rushed long balls up the pitch which United's defenders dealt with easily.
United's plan was clear from the first few minutes. They were going to press aggressively high up the pitch and try to disrupt the supply from Barcelona's defense to their midfield, rather than sit deep and try to disrupt the supply from Barcelona's midfield to their attack. The focal point of this pressing was Ryan Giggs. When Barcelona's central defenders had possession Giggs, together with Ronaldo, would close them down and chase the ball all the way back to Valdes. The result was that while on paper United had a midfield trio of Carrick, Anderson and Giggs to match Barcelona's trio, in reality United's shape was much closer to a 4-4-2 than a 4-3-3. During extended spells of Barcelona possession Giggs would drop slightly deeper and loosely mark Busquets but most of the time he stayed in his advanced position.
The result of this was that whenever Barcelona was able to bypass Giggs they had a 3v2 advantage in central midfield. While that in itself was worrying it was made even worse (from a United point of view) by Guardiola's tactical masterstroke.
Barcelona began the match in their standard 4-1-2-3 formation with Henry on the left, Messi on the right and Eto'o through the middle, but in the fifth minute Guardiola switched Eto'o out to the right and Messi into the center. It was a small tactical change but it was one which set the tone for the rest of the match, and one which Sir Alex had no answer for.
In the two seasons since the final, and especially this season, Messi playing as the central striker rather than out on the right wing has become a common occurrence but at the time it was a surprising switch. It wasn't the first time Messi had played in a central role but primarily he was still considered a right winger/wing-forward, and United probably wouldn't have expected the switch. Now instead of Evra marking Messi out on the wing (at the time it didn't seem like an outlandish idea that one full back by himself could contain Messi) they had to deal with Messi in a central role, floating freely between United's midfield and defense.
The switch caused United several problems. Firstly it left Vidic and Ferdinand with no one to mark, a situation they probably wouldn't have expected going into the match. Secondly, and more importantly, considering Giggs was playing in such an advanced role it effectively gave Barcelona a 4v2 advantage in central midfield. Even when Giggs dropped deeper to mark Busquets Barcelona still had a 3v2 advantage with Messi, Xavi and Iniesta against Carrick and Anderson, and they used this advantage to great effect. Xavi, Iniesta and Messi completed 66, 56 and 43 passes respectively, 165 in total which accounted for 43% of Barcelona's passes. The corresponding numbers for United's midfield "trio" were 93 completed which accounted for 26% of United's passes. On the flip side while Barcelona's central defenders accounted for 15% of Barcelona's passes, United's central defenders accounted for 29% of theirs. While the overall ball possession stats were roughly even, 51% in favour of Barcelona, it's clear it was Barcelona who were passing the ball in the areas of the pitch where they could actually hurt the other team.
Carrick received a lot of criticism for his performance in the final, and if rumours are to be believed even Sir Alex placed a large portion of the blame for the loss on Carrick's shoulders. While he certainly didn't play well, to me much of the criticism seems excessively harsh. The tactical decisions of both managers left Carrick in an impossible bind. If he dropped deep to mark Messi he left Anderson alone against Xavi and Iniesta. If on the other hand he joined Anderson and challenged Xavi and Iniesta he left Messi free to roam. No matter what he did it was going to be a losing situation for United. In the end he didn't fully commit to either choice and not only did Xavi and Iniesta control the midfield but Messi was allowed to roam free, constantly finding himself in space between the midfield and defense.
Sir Alex needed to react and find a way to deny Messi time and space in between United's midfield and defense. Eto'o and Henry were constantly threatening runs in behind United's back four so having Ferdinand or Vidic follow Messi into midfield would have been too risky. While that may limit Messi's effectiveness it leaves the back three too vulnerable to simple runs in behind the defense. The obvious choice then would have been to drop Giggs into a deeper role alongside Anderson, essentially taking up Carrick's place while Carrick drops even deeper to mark Messi. While that leaves Busquets free, if the choice is between leaving Messi free and leaving Busquets free, well that's no choice at all.
Sir Alex acknowledged after the match that he got his tactics wrong and only he will know why he didn't react when he saw what was happening. United's high pressing approach wasn't effective in limiting the supply to Barcelona's midfield, and when Barcelona's midfield received the ball they consistently found themselves in 3v2 or 4v2 situations. Whether making a change would have had any effect on the result is an altogether different question, but it would at least have made it more difficult for Barcelona to control the match.
When the change did come it came in the form of a halftime substitution. Anderson made way for Tevez and while the Argentinean brought some more energy and attacking thrust it did nothing to address the real problem of Barcelona's midfield dominance and Messi's free role and ultimately had little influence on the match. Giggs moved into a deeper role alongside Carrick, Park and Rooney switched wings and Tevez played up top with Ronaldo, but United's attacking play didn't change. As they had done in the first half as soon as they won the ball they looked to play long diagonal balls out to the wide areas, bypassing Barcelona's midfield and looking to exploit their weaknesses in the full back positions, but apart from a few instances when Rooney exploited the space behind Sylvinho and got into good crossing positions United struggled to get the ball into Barcelona's penalty area, and the times they did Barcelona dealt with the situations relatively easily. Pique in particular had an excellent match at the heart of Barcelona's defense.
Sir Alex brought Berbatov on for Park in what was by now a 4-2-4 system and unsurprisingly Barcelona were able to carve through United's midfield at will. The second goal came in the 70th minute when Lionel Messi capped off his excellent night by heading home a Xavi cross. United fought on till the end but Barcelona defended well and the United comeback never materialised.
In a match of two decisive tactical decisions Guardiola outfoxed his opposite number just like his players outperformed theirs. Manchester United will feel disappointed they didn't perform to the best of their ability and when the two sides meet again on the 28th of May at Wembley they will be desperate for revenge. It remains to be seen whether they have learned from their mistakes of two years ago.
Can İlkay Gündoğan replace Nuri Şahin?
While title celebrations at the Signal Iduna Park are still very much ongoing Dortmund fans received some bad news yesterday when Nuri Şahin announced that he will be joining Real Madrid next season in a deal reportedly worth €10-13m. The midfield playmaker played a pivotal role in Dortmund's title triumph and at this point the Bundesliga Player of the Season award seems like a mere formality. Finding an adequate replacement for Şahin is vitally important for Dortmund and the club has been quick to react, announcing the signing of 20-year old German youth international İlkay Gündoğan last week. The 1. FC Nürnberg midfielder is seen as Şahin's heir apparent and in this post, using statistics collected from the official Bundesliga website, I will look at whether Gündoğan can replace Şahin in Dortmund's midfield.
For Gündoğan moving to Dortmund will be a large step up in terms of responsibility, both on and off the pitch. Moving from a midtable club, even if that club is Der Club where the players have to carry the weight of the club's history on their shoulders, to the reigning champions is always a big step, but moving there to replace Şahin will make it doubly so.
Şahin's role is the most important in Dortmund's team. As the deep-lying playmaker he is the motor in the midfield and the conductor of the team's passing game. Over the course of the season he attempted 1803 passes which even though he missed the last few matches due to injury is almost 300 passes more than the second best Hummels. Adjusted for playing minutes he contributed 14.9% of Dortmund's passes which is comparable to the likes of Cesc Fabregas at Arsenal and Paul Scholes at Manchester United in terms of what percentage of a team's passes a player contributes. On a per 90 minutes basis he attempted 63 passes on average.
Gündoğan's role at Nürnberg is slightly different. He generally plays in a more advanced position and operates more in the opponent's half than his own. In fact 61.5% of his passes were in the opponent's half compared to 49.6% of Şahin's. Gündoğan can and has played in a deeper role but it's not the role he has primarily played this season.
His more advanced role to a small extent explains his lower passing numbers. Over the course of the season he attempted 745 passes or 37 passes per 90 minutes. As a percentage he contributed 10.6% of Nürnberg's passes. You would expect those numbers to increase somewhat when playing in a deeper role. I considered going through his matches this season and separating them based on which role he played but the sample sizes are small enough as is that I don't think we could draw any meaningful conclusions from them if we made them even smaller.
Note that in the above numbers I only included passes in open play. Since Şahin also takes corners and free kicks while Gündoğan doesn't the 114 corners and 86 free kicks taken by Şahin would even further increase the gap between the two.
To further emphasize the difference in responsibility, if we ignore the matches the players missed due to injury Şahin started every match and played 96.1% of Dortmund's minutes compared to Gündoğan's 81.2%. For Gündoğan to fill Şahin's boots he will need to be very strong mentally to not crumble under the pressure and responsibility.
There are also significant differences in the types of passes the players contribute. Şahin is a very ambitious passer. Of his passes in the opponent's half 63.8% were forward passes, 20.9% sideways passes and 15.3% backwards passes. Of his passes in his own half 59.1% were forward passes, 20.2% sideways passes and 20.7% backwards passes. Contrast this with Gündoğan who is more conservative. Of his passes in the opponent's half 35.2% were forward passes, 30.3% sideways passes and 34.5% backwards passes. Of his passes in his own half 42.9% were forward passes, 24.4% sideways passes and 32.7% backwards passes. While I don't have statistics on their ratios of short to medium to long passes from watching almost all of their matches this season I can say that Şahin has a wider range of passing and is better at long range passes than Gündoğan who prefers short and medium range passes.
In terms of passing accuracy the two are very close. The success rates of Şahin's forward, sideways and backwards passes in the opponent's half are 63.3%, 85.6% and 96.4% while for Gündoğan they are 66.5%, 86.3% and 94.3%. In their own halves their sideways and backwards pass success rates are 92.9% and 95.2% and 90.0% and 98.9% respectively. The only real difference is in their forward passing in their own halves where Şahin has a success rate of 65.6% compared to Gündoğan's 53.7%.
Şahin is also a more creative passer. On average he created 3.61 goal scoring chances per 90 minutes which is more than any other player in the top five European leagues. Even though Gündoğan played in a more advanced role and should therefore theoretically be in a better position to create goal scoring opportunities he created only 1.23 chances per 90 minutes.
In addition to being vitally important to Dortmund's passing and attacking game Şahin is also a very good defender. Per 90 minutes he completed 3.26/3.92 tackles for a success rate of 83.2%. He also made 2.22 interceptions and 7.28 loose ball wins. From observation I can also say he is disciplined and has good defensive positioning and awareness.
Gündoğan's defensive work rate is also good but in terms of easily measurable contributions he is not as good as Şahin. Per 90 minutes he completed 1.18/1.43 tackles (82.8% success rate), made 1.38 interceptions and 5.22 loose ball wins. His more advanced role partly explains the lower numbers.
So to return to the original question, can İlkay Gündoğan replace Nuri Şahin? While always keeping in mind that he is only 20 years old and still has a lot of room to improve, and that playing with better players will naturally make him better, in my opinion the answer is no, at least not directly. While they share some similarities they are still very different players. Gündoğan is more of a short passer and a dribbler (dribbling is actually the one metric where Gündoğan outperformed Şahin, both attempting more dribbles and having a slightly better success rate) who floats around midfield, receiving the ball in more advanced positions and looking to create from there. Şahin plays a deeper role and demands the ball more, always visible and always vocal in midfield, and with a wider range of passing both short and long. I think Gündoğan's natural role is the more advanced midfield role that Kagawa and Götze have played this season. For Gündoğan to perform Şahin's role in this current system he would need to both improve and adapt several parts of his game all at once.
If Klopp truly intends to replace Şahin with Gündoğan I suspect it may necessitate a tactical switch away from the midfield triangle with two holding players and one more advanced to an inverted triangle with just one holding player and two more advanced. This would of course result in Bender as the sole holding player having to take more responsibility in Dortmund's passing. Dortmund would also lose the defensive solidity that comes with a duo of central holding players.
It would also mean there is a small risk that Dortmund's attacking play could become too narrow. Dortmund's wingers like to come into central areas to join in the short passing combinations with the midfielders, and it's situations like this where Şahin's long range passing is so valuable because with one pass he can quickly play the ball out to an advancing full back looking to exploit the space in the wide areas and maintain the width in their attacking play. With Gündoğan you lose some of that and I think that's something Dortmund would have to be wary of.
Ultimately I think the transfer of Gündoğan to Dortmund is a good move for both the player and the club. It gives Klopp another midfield option and for Gündoğan it's a good place to develop as a player and a good next step in his career. There are many question marks and it remains to be seen how Gündoğan will do at Dortmund but I think the one thing we can be sure about is that at the end of the day old Kloppo will still be laughing, and for as long as he is at Dortmund it's a fair bet the Dortmund fans will be laughing as well.


Believe it or not, this 2019 AMG GT S Roadster is Mercedes' tenth AMG GT variant. The company already sells the two-door coupe in GT, GT S, GT C and GT R variants; the Roadster currently comes in GT and GT C forms; and don't forget the upcoming GT 53, GT 63 and GT 63 S four-door models. That's quite a portfolio, all based on the same set of strong bones. Of course, can you really have too much of a good thing?
The new S Roadster fits right between the GT and GT C -- just as it does on the Coupe. That means it uses Mercedes' ubiquitous 4.0-liter twin-turbo V8, with 515 horsepower and 494 pound-feet of torque. That's an increase of 35 horsepower and 8 pound-feet compared to the base GT Roadster, though still 46 horsepower and 29 pound-feet shy of the hotter GT C. Marcia, Marcia, Marcia!
Every other GT S spec splits the difference between GT and GT C. The all-important 0-60 sprint takes 3.7 seconds in the GT S, compared to 3.9 in the base car and 3.6 in the GT C. Top speed is said to be 192 miles per hour, right between the GT's 188 mph rating and the GT C's 196 mph.
With its staggered wheel/tire setup, big brakes and adaptive damping system, the GT S is closer to the GT C than it is the base GT.
The GT S gets the same wheel, tire and brake setup as the GT C, with staggered 19-inch front and 20-inch wheels, wrapped in 265/35R19 and 295/30R20 tires. Large 15.4-inch brakes reside up front, with smaller 14.2-inch units out back. Mercedes also fits the GT S with the GT C's adaptive damping control, as well as the optional Race mode in the Dynamic Select drive settings.
Visually, the GT S and GT C are basically identical, both inside and out. The only real difference is that while the GT C comes standard with Nappa leather seats, the GT S uses Mercedes' "Artico/Dynamica" leather. And that's, like, barely different.
Look for the GT S Roadster to arrive in Mercedes-Benz showrooms near the end of 2018. Pricing isn't available just yet, but expect it to split the difference between its siblings. With the GT Roadster starting at $124,400 and the GT C Roadster coming in at $157,000, we'd be shocked if the GT S didn't start somewhere in the $140,000-145,000 range.