text:
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright 2007-2015, GeoTelematic Solutions, Inc.
// All rights reserved
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Notes:
//  - http://www.gisgraphy.com/
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Examples:
//  - http://localhost:8081/street/search?lat=46.17330&lng=21.29370&from=1&to=1&format=xml
//  - http://services.gisgraphy.com/geoloc/findnearbylocation?lat=46.17330&lng=21.29370&radius=5000&from=1&to=1&format=xml&placetype=city&indent=true
//  <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
//  <results xmlns="http://gisgraphy.com">
//    <result>
//       <distance>2090.87202617859</distance>
//       <name>Arad</name>
//       <adm1Code>02</adm1Code>
//       <adm1Name>Jude?ul Arad</adm1Name>
//       <asciiName>Arad</asciiName>
//       <countryCode>RO</countryCode>
//       <featureClass>P</featureClass>
//       <featureCode>PPLA</featureCode>
//       <featureId>686254</featureId>
//       <gtopo30>109</gtopo30>
//       <population>169065</population>
//       <timezone>Europe/Bucharest</timezone>
//       <lat>46.18333435058594</lat>
//       <lng>21.316667556762695</lng>
//       <placeType>City</placeType>
//       <google_map_url>http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;iwloc=addr&amp;om=1&amp;z=12&amp;q=Arad&amp;ll=46.21333435058594,21.316667556762695</google_map_url>
//       <yahoo_map_url>http://maps.yahoo.com/broadband?mag=6&amp;mvt=m&amp;lon=21.316667556762695&amp;lat=46.18333435058594</yahoo_map_url>
//       <country_flag_url>/images/flags/RO.png</country_flag_url>
//    </result>
//    <numFound>1</numFound>
//    <QTime>137</QTime>
//  </results>
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Change History:
//  2010/01/12  mihai, SysOP Consulting SRL
//     -Initial release
//  2010/04/25  Martin D. Flynn
//     -Misc changes
//  2011/06/16  Martin D. Flynn
//     -Changed "isFastOperation()" to look for "alwaysFast" property settings.
//     -Fixed CountryCode always overwriting State/Province
//  2012/04/03  Martin D. Flynn
//     -Made the street address lookup optional
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
package org.opengts.geocoder.gisgraphy;

import java.io.*;
import javax.xml.parsers.*;
import org.w3c.dom.*;
import org.xml.sax.*;
import org.opengts.util.*;
import org.opengts.geocoder.*;

public class GisGraphy
    extends ReverseGeocodeProviderAdapter
    implements ReverseGeocodeProvider, SubdivisionProvider
{

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // TAGs

    protected static final String TAG_results                   = "results";        // begin of results
    protected static final String TAG_result                    = "result";         // one result
    protected static final String TAG_QTime                     = "QTime";          // The execution time of the query in ms
    protected static final String TAG_name                      = "name";           // Street name
    protected static final String TAG_adm1Code                  = "adm1Code";       // State abbrev
    protected static final String TAG_adm1Name                  = "adm1Name";       // State name
    protected static final String TAG_countryCode               = "countryCode";    // Country abbrev (eg. "US")

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    protected static final String PROP_streetURL                = "streetURL";      // String: "http://localhost:8081/street/streetsearch?"
    protected static final String PROP_geolocURL                = "geolocURL";      // String: "http://localhost:8081/geoloc/findnearbylocation?"
    protected static final String PROP_hostName                 = "host";           // String: "localhost:8081"
    protected static final String PROP_failoverHost             = "failoverHost";   // String: ""
    protected static final String PROP_radiusKM                 = "radiusKM";       // Double: 1.0 <= radiusKM <= 10.0

    protected static       String HOST_PRIMARY                  = "localhost";
    protected static       String HOST_FAILOVER                 = "";

    protected static       int    SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MS            = 5000;

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    // address has to be within this distance to qualify (cannot be greater than 5.0 kilometers)
    protected static final double MAX_ADDRESS_DISTANCE_KM       = 10.0;

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    protected static final String ENCODING_UTF8                 = StringTools.CharEncoding_UTF_8;

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
    *** Constructor
    *** @param name    The name assigned to this ReverseGeocodeProvider
    *** @param key     The optional authorization key
    *** @param rtProps The properties associated with this ReverseGeocodeProvider
    **/
    public GisGraphy(String name, String key, RTProperties rtProps)
    {
        super(name, key, rtProps);
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
    *** Returns true if locally resolved, false otherwise.
    *** (ie. remote address resolution takes more than 20ms to complete)
    *** @return true if locally resolved, false otherwise.
    **/
    public boolean isFastOperation()
    {
        String host = this.getHostname(true);
        // "localhost:9090"
        int p = host.indexOf(":");
        String h = (p >= 0)? host.substring(0,p) : host;
        if (h.equalsIgnoreCase("localhost") || h.equals("127.0.0.1")) {
            // resolved locally, assume fast
            return true;
        } else {
            // this may be a slow operation
            return super.isFastOperation();
        }
    }

    /**
    *** Returns a ReverseGeocode instance for the specified GeoPoint
    *** @param gp  The GeoPoint
    *** @return The ReverseGeocode instance
    **/
    public ReverseGeocode getReverseGeocode(GeoPoint gp, String localeStr, boolean cache)
    {
        ReverseGeocode rg = this.getAddressReverseGeocode(gp, localeStr, cache);
        return rg;
    }

    /* return subdivision */
    public String getSubdivision(GeoPoint gp)
    {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Not supported");
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------

    /**
    *** Gets the hostname
    *** @param primary  True to return the primary host, else failover host
    *** @return The hostname
    **/
    private String getHostname(boolean primary)
    {
        RTProperties rtp = this.getProperties();
        String host = primary?
            rtp.getString(PROP_hostName    , HOST_PRIMARY ) :
            rtp.getString(PROP_failoverHost, HOST_FAILOVER);
        return host;
    }

    /**
    *** Returns a ReverseGeocode instance containing address information
    *** @param gp  The GeoPoint
    *** @return The ReverseGeocode instance
    **/
    private ReverseGeocode getAddressReverseGeocode(GeoPoint gp, String localeStr, boolean cache)
    {

        /* Get City/State/Country URL */
        String geoloc_url = this.getGeolocReverseGeocodeURL(gp);
        Print.logInfo("Geoloc URL: " + geoloc_url);
        Document geoloc_xmlDoc = GetXMLDocument(geoloc_url);
        if (geoloc_xmlDoc == null) {
            return null;
        }

        /* ReverseGeocode instance */
        ReverseGeocode rg = new ReverseGeocode();

        /* get street address (optional) */
        String street_url = this.getStreetReverseGeocodeURL(gp);
        Print.logInfo("Street URL: " + street_url);
        Document street_xmlDoc = GetXMLDocument(street_url);
        if (street_xmlDoc != null) {
            Element results = street_xmlDoc.getDocumentElement();
            if (results.getTagName().equalsIgnoreCase(TAG_results)) {
                NodeList ResultList = results.getElementsByTagName(TAG_result);
                for (int g = 0; (g < ResultList.getLength()); g++) {
                    Element response = (Element)ResultList.item(g);
                    NodeList responseNodes = response.getChildNodes();
                    for (int n = 0; n < responseNodes.getLength(); n++) {
                        Node responseNode = responseNodes.item(n);
                        if (!(responseNode instanceof Element)) { continue; }
                        Element responseElem = (Element)responseNode;
                        String responseNodeName = responseElem.getNodeName();
                        if (responseNodeName.equalsIgnoreCase(TAG_name)) {
                            rg.setStreetAddress(GisGraphy.GetNodeText(responseElem));
                            //break; // ??
                        }
                        //Print.logInfo("Debug Nodes: " + GisGraphy.GetNodeText(responseElem));
                    }
                }
            }  //
        }

        /* get city, state, country */
        Element geo_results = geoloc_xmlDoc.getDocumentElement();
        if (geo_results.getTagName().equalsIgnoreCase(TAG_results)) {
            NodeList geo_ResultList = geo_results.getElementsByTagName(TAG_result);
            for (int g = 0; (g < geo_ResultList.getLength()); g++) {
                Element geo_response = (Element)geo_ResultList.item(g);
                NodeList responseNodes = geo_response.getChildNodes();
                for (int n = 0; n < responseNodes.getLength(); n++) {
                    Node responseNode = responseNodes.item(n);
                    if (!(responseNode instanceof Element)) { continue; }
                    Element responseElem = (Element)responseNode;
                    String responseNodeName = responseElem.getNodeName();
                    if (responseNodeName.equalsIgnoreCase(TAG_name)) {
                        rg.setCity(GisGraphy.GetNodeText(responseElem));
                    } else
                    if (responseNodeName.equalsIgnoreCase(TAG_adm1Name)) { // TAG_adm1Code
                        rg.setStateProvince(GisGraphy.GetNodeText(responseElem));
                    } else
                    if (responseNodeName.equalsIgnoreCase(TAG_countryCode)) {
                        rg.setCountryCode(GisGraphy.GetNodeText(responseElem));
                    }
                }
            }
        }  //

        /* create/return address */
        String address = createFullAddress(rg);
        rg.setFullAddress(address);
        return rg;

    }

    private String getStreetReverseGeocodeURL(GeoPoint gp)
    {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        RTProperties rtp = this.getProperties();
        String url = rtp.getString(PROP_streetURL, null);
        if (!StringTools.isBlank(url)) {
            sb.append(url);
            if (!url.endsWith("?")) {
                sb.append("?");
            }
        } else {
            sb.append("http://");
            sb.append(this.getHostname(true));
            sb.append("/street/streetsearch?");
        }
        sb.append("lat=").append(gp.getLatitudeString(GeoPoint.SFORMAT_DEC_5,null)).append("&lng=").append(gp.getLongitudeString(GeoPoint.SFORMAT_DEC_5,null));
        double radiusM = this.getProperties().getDouble(PROP_radiusKM, MAX_ADDRESS_DISTANCE_KM) * 1000.0;
        sb.append("&radius=").append(radiusM).append("&from=1&to=1&format=xml&placetype=city&indent=true");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    private String getGeolocReverseGeocodeURL(GeoPoint gp)
    {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        RTProperties rtp = this.getProperties();
        String url = rtp.getString(PROP_geolocURL, null);
        if (!StringTools.isBlank(url)) {
            sb.append(url);
            if (!url.endsWith("?")) {
                sb.append("?");
            }
        } else {
            sb.append("http://");
            sb.append(this.getHostname(true));
            sb.append("/geoloc/findnearbylocation?");
        }
        sb.append("lat=").append(gp.getLatitudeString(GeoPoint.SFORMAT_DEC_5,null)).append("&lng=").append(gp.getLongitudeString(GeoPoint.SFORMAT_DEC_5,null));
        double radiusM = this.getProperties().getDouble(PROP_radiusKM, MAX_ADDRESS_DISTANCE_KM) * 1000.0;
        sb.append("&radius=").append(radiusM).append("&from=1&to=1&format=xml&placetype=GisFeature&indent=true");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    private Document GetXMLDocument(String url)
    {
         try {
            DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
            DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();
            InputStream input = HTMLTools.inputStream_GET(url, SERVICE_TIMEOUT_MS);
            InputStreamReader reader = new InputStreamReader(input, ENCODING_UTF8);
            InputSource inSrc = new InputSource(reader);
            inSrc.setEncoding(ENCODING_UTF8);
            return db.parse(inSrc);
        } catch (ParserConfigurationException pce) {
            Print.logError("Parse error: " + pce);
            return null;
        } catch (SAXException se) {
            Print.logError("Parse error: " + se);
            return null;
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            Print.logError("IO error: " + ioe);
            return null;
        }
    }

    /* return the value of the XML text node */
    protected static String GetNodeText(Node root)
    {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        if (root != null) {
            NodeList list = root.getChildNodes();
            for (int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++) {
                Node n = list.item(i);
                if (n.getNodeType() == Node.CDATA_SECTION_NODE) { // CDATA Section
                    sb.append(n.getNodeValue());
                } else
                if (n.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE) {
                    sb.append(n.getNodeValue());
                }
            }
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    private String createFullAddress(ReverseGeocode rg)
    {
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        if (!StringTools.isBlank(rg.getStreetAddress())) {
            sb.append(rg.getStreetAddress());
        }
        if (!StringTools.isBlank(rg.getCity())){
            if (sb.length() > 0) { sb.append(", "); }
            sb.append(rg.getCity());
        }
        if (!StringTools.isBlank(rg.getStateProvince())) {
            if (sb.length() > 0) { sb.append(", "); }
            sb.append(rg.getStateProvince());
        }
        if (!StringTools.isBlank(rg.getCountryCode())) {
            if (sb.length() > 0) { sb.append(", "); }
            sb.append(rg.getCountryCode());
        }
        return sb.toString();
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------
    // http://services.gisgraphy.com/geoloc/findnearbylocation?
    //   lat=46.17330&lng=21.29370&radius=1100&from=1&to=1&format=xml&placetype=city&indent=true

    /**
    *** Main entery point for debugging/testing
    **/
    public static void main(String argv[])
    {
        RTConfig.setCommandLineArgs(argv);
        Print.setAllOutputToStdout(true);
        Print.setEncoding(ENCODING_UTF8);

        /* host */
        String host = RTConfig.getString("host",null);
        if (!StringTools.isBlank(host)) {
            HOST_PRIMARY = host;
        }

        /* failover */
        String failover = RTConfig.getString("failoverHost",null);
        if (!StringTools.isBlank(failover)) {
            HOST_FAILOVER = failover;
        }

        /* GeoPoint */
        GeoPoint gp = new GeoPoint(RTConfig.getString("gp",null));
        if (!gp.isValid()) {
            Print.logInfo("Invalid GeoPoint specified");
            System.exit(1);
        }
        Print.logInfo("Reverse-Geocoding GeoPoint: " + gp);

        /* Reverse Geocoding */
        GisGraphy gn = new GisGraphy("gisgraphy", null, RTConfig.getCommandLineProperties());

        Print.sysPrintln("RevGeocode = " + gn.getReverseGeocode(gp,null/*localeStr*/,false/*cache*/));
        //Print.sysPrintln("Address    = " + gn.getAddressReverseGeocode(gp));
        //Print.sysPrintln("PostalCode = " + gn.getPostalReverseGeocode(gp));
        //Print.sysPrintln("PlaceName  = " + gn.getPlaceNameReverseGeocode(gp));
        // Note: Even though the values are printed in UTF-8 character encoding, the
        // characters may not appear to be properly displayed if the console display
        // does not support UTF-8.

    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Glastonbury & Wells
Glastonbury (perhaps a.k.a. Avalon) is the ancient resting place of King Arthur, and home (maybe) to the Holy Grail. Marked by its hill, or "tor," and located on England's most powerful line of prehistoric sites, the town gurgles with history and mystery. Nearby Wells gathers around its grand cathedral, and has more medieval buildings still doing what they were originally built to do than any town you'll visit.
▲▲ Glastonbury Abbey Once a leading Christian pilgrimage destination, now a lush park with some of England's finest abbey ruins — along with the purported gravesite of Arthur and Guinevere.
▲ Glastonbury Tor Holy hill topped with the remnants of a church tower and worth climbing for its sweeping views.
▲▲ Wells Cathedral England's first wholly Gothic cathedral, with an ornate facade and heavenly evensong service (except July–Aug).
▲ Bishop's Palace Home of the Bishop of Bath and Wells, with spectacular gardens.
Glastonbury and Wells: England's Mythic Market Towns
Ancient Britain (18:27)
Ancient Britain II (18:05)
English Cathedrals and Churches (18:27)
Walks in Pastoral Britain (29:31)
Latest Glastonbury & Wells Travel Forum Posts
Glastonbury, Wells in a day from London
Itinerary Suggestions
All Glastonbury & Wells Travel Forum Posts
England Tour

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Nanoculture: Implications of the New Technoscience
by Hayles, N. Katherine
Synopses & Reviews
Publisher Comments
"Nano" denotes a billionth; a nanometer is a billionth of a meter. New instrumentation and techniques have for the first time made possible materials research and engineering at this level, the scale of individual molecules and atoms.
Extraordinary visions of material abundance, unprecedented materials, and powerful engineering capabilities have marked the arrival of nanotechnology, as well as dystopian scenarios of self-replicating devices running amok and causing global catastrophe. Largely a future possibility rather than present actuality, nanotechnology has become a potent cultural signifier.
NanoCulture explores the ways in which nanotechnology interacts with, and itself becomes, a cultural construction. Topics include the co-construction of nanoscience and science fiction; the influence of risk assessment and nanotechnology on the shapes of narratives; intersections between nanoscience as a writing practice and experimental literature at the limits of fabrication; the Alice-in-Wonderland metaphor for nanotechnology; and the effects of mediation on nanotechnology and electronic literature.
NanoCulture is produced in collaboration with the nano art exhibit at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (December 2003-September 2004), created by an interdisciplinary team led by media artist Victoria Vesna and nanoscientist James Gimzewski. NanoCulture is richly illustrated with images from the nano exhibit, which also provides the basis for an ethnographic analysis of collaborative process and an exploration of changing concepts of museum space.
The dynamic uniting these diverse perspectives is boundary crossing: between art, science, and literature; cultural imaginaries, scientific facts, and technological possibilities; actual. virtual, and hybrid spaces; the science of fictions and the fictions of science; and utopian dreams, material constraints, and dystopian nightmares.
The first book-length study focus on cultural implications of nanotechnology, NanoCulture breaks new ground in showing the importance of the new technoscience to contemporary culture and of culture to the development, interpretation, and future of this technoscience.
Examining art that intersects with science and seeks to make visible what cannot ordinarily be seen with the naked eye, and#160;provides thorough insight into new understandings of materiality and life. It includes an extensive overview of the history of nanoart from the work of Umberto Boccioni right up to present-day artists. The author looks specifically at art inspired by nanotechnological research made possible by the Scanning Tunneling Microscope and Atomic Force Microscope in the 1980s, as well as the development of other instruments of nanotechnological experimentation. Nanoart is a sustained consideration of this fascinating artistic approach that challenge how we see and understand our world.and#160;
N. Katherine Hayles is a postmodern literary critic, most notable for her contribution to the fields of literature and science, electronic literature, and American literature. She is professor and Director of Graduate Studies in the Program in Literature at Duke University.
PrefaceRoy Ascott Connecting the Quantum Dots:Nanotechscience and CultureN. Katherine Hayles Art and Science Invisible Imaginary: Museum Spaces,Hybrid Reality and NanotechnologyAdriana de Souza e Silva Working Boundaries on the NANO ExhibitionCarol Ann Wald Science and Fiction Nanotechnology in the Age of Posthuman Engineering:Science Fiction as ScienceColin Milburn Less is More: Much Less is Much More: The InsistentAllure of Nanotechnology Narratives in Science FictionBrooks Landon Atomizing the Risk TechnologyKate Marshall Dust, Lust, and Other Messages from the Quantum WonderlandBrain Atteberry Science and Literature Needle on the Real: Technoscience and Poetry at theLimits of FabricationNathan Brown Nano Narrative: A Parable from Electronic LiteratureJessica Pressman What's the Buzz? Tell Me What's A-Happening: Wonder,Nanotechnology, and Alice's Adventures in WonderlandSusan E. Lewak
Intellect (UK)
.62IN
LCCN:
N Katherine Hayles
Ed:
N. Katherine Hayles
List Price:0.00


text:
celebs-place
Louis Tomlinson and Briana Jungwirth Became Parents
According to E! News, Briana Jungwirth, a stylist based in L.A. had romantic relationship with Louis Tomlinson last year. People wrote that Briana gave birth to the couple's first child. It is a boy.
It was confirmed in July that the pair is expecting a baby. Speaking with Good Morning America, Tomlinson assured that pregnancy was an exciting time.
A source confirms that the performer from Great Britain was very excited and was going to be a very "hands-on" father. Liam Payne, the One Direction bandmate shared in his interview with Magic Radio that Louis was very excited with things happening in his life. He also added that Jungwirth is a lovely girl. According to the bandmate, Louis was taking everything very serious.
The couple started their relationship after Tomlinson broke up with his long-time girlfriend, Eleanor Calder. They were mutual friends. The two were spotted together in public at the release of Snoop Dog's party last May. Nobody knows the official status of their relationship at the moment. The "Perfect" performer was snapped with The Originals star in Chicago several days before Christmas. Besides, they were spotted together before the Christmas Eve in London.
About Celebs-Place fashion magazine
Celebs-Place is collection of HD pics of famous people and celebrities.
© Celebs Place 2015 | disclaimer | info@celebs-place.com


text:
Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra win prestigious award
Posted by posabilitymagazine | Nov 29, 2019
Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra has scooped a prestigious prize at this year's Royal Philharmonic Society (RPS) Awards in recognition of their work in developing disabled musical talent, access, and inclusion.
BSO won the RPS Award Impact Award, which is given for "outstanding initiative or positive impact on the lives of people who may otherwise experience classical music," taking the award for its BSO Change Makers programme, which saw the establishment of BSO Resound, an ensemble composed of disabled musicians. The establishment of BSO Resound provided a training placement for disabled conductor James Rose, which formally created the world's first professional disabled-led ensemble.
Dougie Scarfe, chief executive of Bournemouth Symphony Orchestra, said of the news: "Music by its nature is inclusive. So much has been achieved in ensuring that as many people as possible can access performances as audience members, which is a huge leap forward. We hope that this win ignites similar conversations, ensuring more people can access concert platforms and build careers as performers.
"We're thrilled that the BSO has been recognised with one of the highest accolades in classical music; this is an important moment in building a more inclusive profession."
Receiving this award marks the second time the BSO has made history; in 2018 the ensemble made their debut at the BBC Proms within the wider orchestra, which was the first time a disabled-led group has ever performed at the festival in its 125-year history.
Conductor James Rose said: "My traineeship kicked-started my conducting career and I've learnt so much about what it means to be a musician. It has not been easy because it was not meant to be easy, but it has been a true partnership."
You'll be able to listen to highlights of the RPS Award, which has previously been described as "the Oscars, the BAFTAs and the Grammys all in one" for classical music, this Sunday on BBC Radio 3 at 8:45pm.
Image credit: BBC Proms/Kirsten McTernan
Read more: Soundpit returns to Southbank Centre
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text:
Why Metabolomics
Nutrition & wellbeing
Infectious disease and COVID-19
Targeted profiling kits
MxP® Quant 500 XL
MxP® Quant 500
MxP® Quant HR Xpress™
AbsoluteIDQ® p400 HR
AbsoluteIDQ® p180
Pathway specific kits
AbsoluteIDQ® Stero17
AbsoluteIDQ® Bile Acids
Quantitative metabolomics database (QMDB)
WebIDQ Software
Metabolomics phenotyping
Data analysis and biostatistics
Pathway analysis
Certified laboratories
Importance of pre-analytics for metabolomics studies
by Esra | Sep 8, 2022 | Blog, Data analysis
Nobody wants to invest thousands of dollars and countless hours of effort in a metabolomics study that turns out to be a flop. So, what steps can researchers take to boost the chances of obtaining robust and reliable results?
The first crucial ingredient is to use standardized and quality-controlled quantitative metabolomics technology.
The second is to understand and control potential confounding factors during the pre-analytical phase. This helps to ensure good sample quality, which is a prerequisite for reliable metabolomics results.
The molecular composition of a biological sample is constantly changing. Some molecules – especially metabolites – are unstable and may be subject to oxidation, aggregation or degradation.
Even ex vivo, these dynamic changes need to be kept to a minimum to best reflect the subject's physiological status. If essential pre-analytical steps and standardized experimental protocols aren't meticulously controlled and followed, the results could be inconsistent or corrupted by unwanted artifacts in the data (Ulaszewska et al. 2019).
Is sample type important?
Serum, plasma and urine are the most common sample types in metabolomic studies. Every sample type has its own advantages and disadvantages, so it's important to choose the most appropriate sample matrix for the target metabolites and study aims (Wang et al. 2018).
For example, there's not much difference between the lipidomic profiles of serum and plasma, but the profiles of polar metabolites are significantly dependent on sample type (Jørgenrud et al. 2015).
The type of anticoagulant should also be carefully selected, as explained later in this article. If the sample matrix is not the right fit for the research question, and if protocols aren't adhered to, the study won't generate high-quality data (Jørgenrud et al. 2015).
What are the main considerations before sampling?
Multiple factors affect the results of a metabolomics study, even before sample collection has begun. For example, alcohol consumption, drug intake, physical exercise, fasting status and diseases can all influence an individual's metabolic profile.
Studies have shown that alterations in the amino acid profile, especially that of branched-chain amino acids, are associated with obesity (Morris et al. 2012). Furthermore, both pathological and molecular subtypes of diseases can differ in their metabolic profiles (Fan et al. 2016; Wojakowska et al. 2015).
Therefore, the study protocol should specify which information has to be recorded and how. The collected metadata needs to be available for downstream data analysis. Defining these factors in advance is crucial, especially for large-scale, longitudinal studies.
Some important confounding factors that may affect metabolomics results are (Davies et al. 2014; Hardikar et al. 2020):
Fasting status
Circadian and physiological rhythm
Time of sample collection
Diet, incl. alcohol consumption
What are the main considerations for blood sample collection?
Samples are often taken by different people in different centers. The use of a standardized sample collection protocol (and strict adherence to these protocols) may help to prevent deviations in results (Kirwan et al. 2018; Paglia et al. 2018).
Plasma samples are collected using a set of anticoagulants, including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), heparin, sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (NaF/KOx), and sodium citrate. The type of anticoagulant has a strong effect on the concentration of several metabolites.
For example, sodium citrate impairs the reliable determination of citric acid and compounds with similar elution times (Jørgenrud et al. 2015). Anticoagulant residues in the final extract can also affect the final mass spectrometry analysis by forming sodium and potassium formate clusters and causing ion suppression and enhancement (Barri et al. 2013; Jørgenrud et al. 2015).
Choosing the right anticoagulant for metabolomics is still a topic under discussion, and there is no universal answer. Nevertheless, the Human Serum Metabolomics Association (HUSERMET) recommends the use of heparin for metabolomics research (Dunn et al. 2011).
What are the main considerations during blood sample processing?
Before centrifugation and short-term storage
For all omics studies, the general rule is to cool the sample whenever possible. Cooling slows down metabolic activity, thus preserving the sample while it awaits the next preparation step (e.g. centrifugation).
Never freeze a blood sample before centrifugation if you aim to prepare a plasma or serum sample. Freezing breaks cell membranes, resulting in the release of intracellular contents in the sample.
Before centrifugation, the temperature at short-term storage during sample processing can affect the metabolic profile (Hebels et al. 2013; Jørgenrud et al. 2015). Due to continuous blood cell metabolism and release of intracellular compounds, exposure of whole blood to room temperature (RT) for more than two hours is a major risk in the pre-analytical phase (Bi et al. 2020).
In one study, incubation of both whole blood and plasma samples at room temperature for six hours resulted in significantly altered levels of metabolites compared to 0°C and 4°C, respectively (Cao et al. 2019).
Analyses with EDTA plasma samples showed large differences in the stability of specific metabolites, especially lipids, when stored at RT for four days. Degradation of lipids starts already after one day (Jørgenrud et al. 2015).
A similar situation was observed in serum samples. Several studies demonstrated that metabolites are not stable at RT or even at -20°C after being stored for one month (Haid et al. 2018; Hernandes et al. 2017; La Frano et al. 2018).
Following a prolonged storage at RT, about 20% of the metabolites were significantly increased, while 4% were decreased (Kamlage et al. 2018). In fact, degradation and metabolite profile changes began after just 12 hours storage at RT. For example, glutamate levels increase when stored at RT (Kamlage et al. 2014).
Even on ice, certain changes were visible (Anton et al. 2015). This shows that the time window between coagulation and storage is critical for metabolite stability. Luckily there are a few metabolites that may be used as indicators to evaluate pre-analytical sample quality (Schwarz et al. 2019).
Serum is one of the most common sample types used for metabolomic studies. In the first step to obtain serum, whole blood is incubated at RT for 30-60 minutes for coagulation. If clotting time is shorter, coagulation may be incomplete; if it is longer, hemolysis can occur. Both may lead to altered metabolic profiles (Olshansky et al. 2022).
In large-scale multicenter studies, samples may need to be shipped. This introduces another pre-analytical pitfall and may cause delay in sample processing and variability between samples based on different shipping conditions (Breier et al. 2014).
Therefore, fast processing of the sample is recommended. Researchers must pay attention to temperature and clotting time to prevent variations in this step.
While artefacts from pre-analytics may arise, one way to limit their impact on a study is to harmonize the pre-analytical steps and randomize samples during preparation to avoid introducing pre-analytical bias such as batch effects.
When working with blood samples, hemolysis is another frequent pre-analytical confounding factor (Blanckaert et al. 2008). Hemolysis is the release of hemoglobin and other intracellular components, including metabolites and enzymes from erythrocytes, following disruption of the cell membrane.
Although hemolysis typically results in a red color, it can be hard to spot and requires careful visual inspection during sample preparation.
Considering that intracellular metabolite concentrations can be more than 10 times higher than extracellular, hemolysis can lead to a significant increase in many metabolite concentrations in plasma or serum.
Yin et al. found that 69 metabolites changed significantly in hemolytic samples (Yin et al. 2013). Thus, hemolysis should be avoided, and hemolytic samples should be flagged for statistical data analysis and their results interpreted with caution.
After centrifugation
When preparing plasma, the plasma supernatant should be carefully removed after centrifugation without touching the buffy layer, to avoid contamination with blood cells that can otherwise affect the plasma metabolome (Kamlage et al. 2018).
The ratio of blood sample volume to anticoagulant can also have an effect on the metabolite concentrations in plasma samples. Drawing variable sample volumes may change this proportion and may cause unwanted variations in results (Olshansky et al. 2022).
What to consider when collecting urine samples
Urine collection is relatively easy compared to plasma and serum. But there are still several factors that may cause variability of metabolite profiles (Stevens et al. 2019).
The concentration of metabolites may change up to 15-fold in the same sample volume due to physiological factors, water intake, and external environment (Warrack et al. 2009). Usually, urine samples are collected by the patient. This may introduce variations regarding collection time, sterilization, and sample volume.
As a solution, collection time and fasting status should be specified, an antibacterial additive or filtration should be used to prevent contamination, and normalization strategies should be applied to overcome the volume issue; e.g. normalizing to creatinine concentration (Emwas et al. 2016).
The European Consensus Expert Group Report has published several recommendations for urine biobanks (Yuille et al. 2010).
Long-term sample storage and metabolite stability
After the sample has been processed, it should be transferred to -80°C or lower for long-term storage as quickly as possible to suppress enzymatic activities affecting metabolite levels. However, even at -80°C, certain plasma metabolites are unstable after five years (Haid et al. 2018).
This is mainly due to mechanical degradation. Since most long-term storage of serum, plasma, and urine samples is at -80°C, the decrease in sample quality should be taken into account for long-term studies (Abuja et al. 2015; Jurowski et al. 2017; Rotter et al. 2017; Wagner-Golbs et al. 2019).
Another issue related to sample storage is the frequency of freezing and thawing. Reports on the stability of metabolites during freeze-thaw cycles vary (Abuja et al. 2015; Gratton et al. 2016; Helmschrodt et al. 2014; Moriya et al. 2016).
To minimize the effects on the metabolome, freeze-thaw cycles should be limited, and all samples in each study should be treated consistently, with quality controls applied (Cao et al. 2019).
One way to limit the number of free-thaw cycles is to prepare multiple aliquots in independent storage tubes. This allows to thaw only a small portion of the original sample for a given measurement. The downside is that sample volume also influences the speed of sample degradation during long-term storage.
As always with pre-analytical considerations, the specifics of the study (number of expected measurements, volume required, etc…) are the main driver to choose the optimal long-term storage conditions to ensure sample quality.
Pre-analytics: all's well that starts well
In summary, pre-analytical confounding factors can have a significant effect on some metabolites and should be kept in mind when comparing metabolomics results. Robust, standardized and detailed sample collection and processing protocols are essential to prevent unwanted variations and to ensure data quality.
All confounding factors and deviations from the study protocol should be recorded and accessible for statistical data analysis. A homogenously treated sample set will be a promising starting point for reliable and reproducible results from a metabolomics study.
If you'd like expert advice on which sample matrix to use for your metabolomic study and how to handle it, please contact us.
Abuja P. et al.: Alterations in Human Liver Metabolome during Prolonged Cryostorage. (2015) J Proteome Res | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00025
Anton G. et al.: Pre-analytical sample quality: metabolite ratios as an intrinsic marker for prolonged room temperature exposure of serum samples. (2015) PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121495
Barri T. et al.: UPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS and multivariate data analysis for blood plasma and serum metabolomics: effect of experimental artefacts and anticoagulant. (2013) Analytica Chimica Acta | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.01.015
Bi H. et al.: The key points in the pre-analytical procedures of blood and urine samples in metabolomics studies (2020) Metabolomics | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-020-01666-2
Blanckaert N. et al.: Haemolysis: an overview of the leading cause of unsuitable specimens in clinical laboratories (2008) Clin Chem Lab Med | https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2008.170
Breier M. et al.: Targeted metabolomics identifies reliable and stable metabolites in human serum and plasma samples (2014) PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089728
Cao Z. et al.: An Integrated Analysis of Metabolites, Peptides, and Inflammation Biomarkers for Assessment of Preanalytical Variability of Human Plasma (2019) J Proteome Res | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00903
Davies S. et al.: Effect of sleep deprivation on the human metabolome (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1402663111
Dunn W. et al.: Procedures for large-scale metabolic profiling of serum and plasma using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (2011) Nat Protoc | https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2011.335
Emwas A. et al.: Recommendations and Standardization of Biomarker Quantification Using NMR-Based Metabolomics with Particular Focus on Urinary Analysis (2016) J Proteome Res | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00885
Fan Y. et al.: Human plasma metabolomics for identifying differential metabolites and predicting molecular subtypes of breast cancer (2016) Oncotarget | https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.7155
Gratton J. et al.: Optimized Sample Handling Strategy for Metabolic Profiling of Human Feces (2016) Anal Chem | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04159
Haid M. et al.: Long-Term Stability of Human Plasma Metabolites during Storage at -80 °C (2018) J Proteome Res | https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00518
Hardikar S. et al.: Impact of Pre-blood Collection Factors on Plasma Metabolomic Profiles (2020) Metabolites | https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo10050213
Hebels D. et al.: Performance in omics analyses of blood samples in long-term storage: opportunities for the exploitation of existing biobanks in environmental health research (2013) Environmental Health Perspectives | https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205657
Helmschrodt C. et al.: Preanalytical standardization for reactive oxygen species derived oxysterol analysis in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (2014) Biochem Biophys Res Commun | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.087
Hernandes V. et al.: A review of blood sample handling and pre-processing for metabolomics studies (2017) Electrophoresis | https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201700086
Jørgenrud B. et al.: The influence of sample collection methodology and sample preprocessing on the blood metabolic profile (2015) Bioanalysis | https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.15.16
Jurowski K. et al.: Comprehensive review of trends and analytical strategies applied for biological samples preparation and storage in modern medical lipidomics: State of the art (2015) TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2016.10.014
Kamlage B. et al.: Quality markers addressing preanalytical variations of blood and plasma processing identified by broad and targeted metabolite profiling (2014) Clin Chem | https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2013.211979
Kamlage B. et al.: Impact of Prolonged Blood Incubation and Extended Serum Storage at Room Temperature on the Human Serum Metabolome (2018) Metabolites | https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo8010006
Kirwan J. et al.: Preanalytical Processing and Biobanking Procedures of Biological Samples for Metabolomics Research: A White Paper, Community Perspective (for "Precision Medicine and Pharmacometabolomics Task Group (2018) The Metabolomics Society Initiative). Clin Chem | https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2018.287045
La Frano M. et al.: Impact of post-collection freezing delay on the reliability of serum metabolomics in samples reflecting the California mid-term pregnancy biobank (2018) Metabolomics | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-018-1450-9
Moriya T. et al.: Intensive determination of storage condition effects on human plasma metabolomics (2016) Metabolomics | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-016-1126-2
Morris C. et al.: The relationship between BMI and metabolomic profiles: a focus on amino acids (2012) Proceedings of the Nutrition Society | https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665112000699
Olshansky G. et al.: Challenges and opportunities for prevention and removal of unwanted variation in lipidomic studies. (2022) Progress in Lipid Research | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101177
Paglia G. et al.: Influence of collection tubes during quantitative targeted metabolomics studies in human blood samples (2018) Clin Chim Acta | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2018.08.014
Rotter M. et al.: Stability of targeted metabolite profiles of urine samples under different storage conditions (2017) : Metabolomics | https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-016-1137-z
Schwarz N. et al.: Quality Assessment of the Preanalytical Workflow in Liquid Biobanking: Taurine as a Serum-Specific Quality Indicator for Preanalytical Process Variations (2019) Biopreservation and Biobanking | https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2019.0004
Stevens V. et al.: Pre-Analytical Factors that Affect Metabolite Stability in Human Urine, Plasma, and Serum : A Review (2019) | https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9080156
Ulaszewska M. et al.: Nutrimetabolomics: An Integrative Action for Metabolomic Analyses in Human Nutritional Studies (2019) | https://doi.org/10.1002/mnfr.201800384
Wagner-Golbs A. et al.: Effects of Long-Term Storage at -80 °C on the Human Plasma Metabolome (2019) MDPI | https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9050099
Wang Z. et al.: Comparison of Fecal Collection Methods for Microbiome and Metabolomics Studies (2018) Frontiers in Cellular and Infection | https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2018.00301
Warrack B. et al.: Normalization strategies for metabonomic analysis of urine samples (2009) Science Direct | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.01.007
Wojakowska A. et al.: Detection of metabolites discriminating subtypes of thyroid cancer: Molecular profiling of FFPE samples using the GC/MS approach (2015) Science Direct | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2015.09.021
Yin P. et al.: Preanalytical aspects and sample quality assessment in metabolomics studies of human blood (2013) Clinical Chemistry | https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2012.199257
Yuille M. et al.: Laboratory Management of Samples in Biobanks: European Consensus Expert Group Report (2010) Biopreservation and Biobanking| https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2010.8102
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Briefs for Sunday
Man killed after chase identified
SOUTH BEND — The man who died after leading police on a vehicle chase has been identified as Ronald J. Goodsell, Jr.
Police say that Goodsell, 20, of South Bend, died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound after leading police on a short chase. The St. Joseph County Metro Homicide Unit is handling the investigation.
The events began about 6:45 p.m. St. Joseph County police began investigating an armed robbery in the area of Auten and Adams roads in South Bend. Officers were given a description of the suspect, the suspect's vehicle and a possible connection to a local hotel.
While officers were watching the hotel, they saw a person and a vehicle matching the description provided by the robbery victim leave.
As officers tried to stop the vehicle, a red GMC Terrain, the driver accelerated. After a short pursuit, the driver drove the vehicle off the road in the area of Parkland Drive and Dylan Drive, near South Bend International Airport.
As officers exited their cruisers, they saw the driver shoot himself in the head, according to a news release. The driver was transported to Memorial Hospital, where he later died. An autopsy was to be conducted on Saturday in Fort Wayne.
Woman charged in crash
NILES — A 34-year-old South Bend woman faces multiple charges after being involved in a hit-and-run crash that left a 15-year-old pedestrian with serious injuries.
The crash occurred around 7 p.m. Wednesday on 17th Street, just south of Fulkerson Avenue in Niles.
According to Berrien County Prosecutor Michael Sepic, Maricela Hernandez-Davila has been charged with operating a motor vehicle while intoxicated causing serious bodily injury, failure to stop at an accident that caused serious bodily injury and driving without a valid license. The first two charges carry a five-year maximum sentence, Sepic said.
She is expected to be arraigned on Friday.
Pluralism theme of faith conference
SOUTH BEND — The local United Religious Community will host the first evening of a free, virtual conference on Wednesday featuring two regional mayors under the theme, "Pluralism in the Public Square."
It's part of the two-day conference from 6 to 8:30 p.m. Wednesday and Thursday of the North American Interfaith Network.
Wednesday's event with the URC will discuss how public officials work with faith leaders and draw on their own spirituality to improve communities. Karen Freeman-Wilson, former mayor of Gary, and now CEO of the Urban League of Chicago, will lead a conversation with Elkhart Mayor Rod Roberson, "One More Voice" Founder Bill Moreau, a South Bend city representative and Pamela Young, who's director of academic diversity and inclusion for the University of Notre Dame.
The conference will also include interfaith views from Mexico and Canada and a group of young adults. To register, visit nain-2020.org or urcsjc.org.
CASA has record year for advocates
The CASA Program of St. Joseph County reports that its wait list of abused and neglected kids who need an advocate in the juvenile court system has shrunk from 300 kids to 66 since the start of the year — and it's on track to eliminate the waiting list by the end of 2020.
One more pre-service training is left for the calendar year. The eight-week training process, which is needed before advocates can be sworn in, begins Sept. 15. Volunteers investigate, negotiate, monitor and advocate on behalf of a child, advising the St. Joseph Probate Court at court hearings and through written reports. Applications can be found at www.sjccasa.org.
CASA reports that it served 739 children this year, which is more than it has in the past. Among the reasons, it says that grant dollars and extra support from the county helped it to hire more staff. Also, CASA training in spring and summer were held on schedule, including virtual training.
For more information, contact recruiter/trainer Lety Stanton-Verduzco at 574-233-CASA or lstanton-verduzco@jjconline.org.
Mobile pantries set for week
The Food Bank of Northern Indiana will distribute boxed and bagged food to those in need at several remote locations this coming week. The food is picked up in a drive-thru on a first-come, first-served basis, up to 500 households while supplies last.
• Tuesday: 10 a.m. to noon CDT at Marquette Mall, 201 W. U.S. 20 (outside of JC Penney), Michigan City.
• Thursday: 10 a.m. to noon at Triton Jr./Sr. High School, 300 Triton Drive, Bourbon.
• Thursday: 3 to 5 p.m. at Food Bank of Northern Indiana, 702 Chapin St., South Bend.
• Friday: 10 a.m. to noon CDT at Knox United Methodist Church, 210 S. Shield St., Knox.


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Directory of Sustainable Fashion Brands
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4 All Humanity
4 All Humanity uses inspired design to transform the lives of artisans.
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ABURY Collection
ABURY is pioneering fashion by combining traditional, old world crafts with avant garde design to create a new luxury style that fosters intercultural exchange and preserves world crafts.
ABURY brings together exciting designers with traditional artisans from remote and inspiring cultures. This exchange of knowledge between the old world and the cutting edge allows for a new context to emerge, leasing crafts a new life and lending design an emotional component which has been missing in recent times. The designer is embedded in a craft culture for roughly three months to learn and share ideas from one another and to create a collection together, bringing the best of heritage knowledge and wisdom to high design and sustainable solutions.
But the ABURY cycle goes beyond this two way relationship, caring for the whole supply chain, we give back the same number of production hours in education hours for every product sold.
https://twitter.com/ABURYCOLLECTION
https://www.facebook.com/ABURY.NET/
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Thoughtful design. Responsible production. Good business. Quality that lasts.
Alabama Chanin—the heart and head of our family of businesses—is a lifestyle company producing well-designed and thoughtfully made goods for the person and the home. We use 100% organic cotton jersey fabric in our design, sourced sustainably from seed to fabric.
https://twitter.com/alabamachanin
https://www.facebook.com/VisitAlabamaChanin
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https://instagram.com/alabamachanin/
Alama
ALAMA is a culture-to-wear label created by our team of skilled Maasai artisans in Nothern Tanzania. All our revenues go back to support the charitable programs of the non-governmental organization Africa Amini Alama.
ALAMA is a culture-to-wear label created by our team of skilled artisans, who were united by their will to promote the legacy of the Maasai tribe of Tanzania through hand-crafted jewelry pieces that are designed for women and men who wish to support their culture and sustainable design.
Our jewelry brand is empowered by the non-governmental organization Africa Amini Alama – a charity which improves the living conditions of the Maasai and Meru tribes of Tanzania. Each ALAMA artisan is continuously supported with a higher revenue generated through our sales
Committed to both cultural heritage and sustainability, ALAMA's jewelry collection grows organically, with unique statement pieces instead of seasonal offerings and with a zero waste policy.
https://www.facebook.com/alamaproject
https://www.instagram.com/alamaproject/
Alfaro Clubiné
Socially responsible business that uses design as a means to provide fair wages to disadvantaged artisans in Paraguay. Each piece of jewelry is designed by Canadian industrial designer, Carmen Clubine and handmade by Joel Baez and his team.
ALFARO CLUBINÉ makes use of art and design as means to help improve the lives of disadvantaged artisans in Latin America. By providing steady employment and fair wages through the creation of these beautiful pieces, the artisans express their traditional art allowing them to provide stability to their families. The purchase of this jewellery brings hope and helps lessen vulnerability, empowering the artisans creatively and financially. Thank you for embracing our vision and being part of this life changing project.
https://twitter.com/AlfaroClubine
https://www.facebook.com/Alfaro-Clubin%C3%A9-356704677827073/?fref=nf
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Allpaqa Italy
Brand that develop fashion accessories in Baby Alpaca woll.
ALLPAQA® is a brand that develops and produces accessories which are manufactured with the finest Baby alpaca´s wool; born in Italy with the objective to offer to our clients pioneering proposals, fusing sustainability, fairtrade, respect for the animals, together the highest quality of Alpaca wool with the latest European fashion trends.
https://twitter.com/allpaqaitaly
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https://es.pinterest.com/AllpaqaItaly/
https://www.instagram.com/allpaqa_italy/
Alora Boutique
Meaningful Jewelry That Gives Back Handcrafted From Recycled Materials - Handmade in Canada. $10 From The Sale Of Our Special Collections Are Donated To Help Disadvantaged Women and Children Rise Above Poverty.
Meaningful jewellery handcrafted from recycled materials. Alora pieces embrace the stories, happy moments, milestones and experiences that celebrate and inspire you. A portion of your purchase helps to empower disadvantaged women and children to rise above poverty.
We are a mother-daughter duo handcrafting jewelry from recycled brass and glass. These pieces are created to help you live with intention. Each piece has a symbolic positive meaning attached to it - love, forgiveness, family, and believing – so that you can be reminded of your values and your intentions each time you wear it.
http://twitter.com/AloraBoutique
http://www.facebook.com/aloraboutique
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http://www.instagram.com/aloraboutique/
Our model of "Advocacy Through Industry" is a revolutionary way to harness the power of business to create social change. This model is founded on the simple idea that people can live better lives when they are given equal access to the global marketplace.
https://twitter.com/apolis/
https://www.facebook.com/Apolis-115822450933/
https://www.pinterest.com/apolis/
https://www.instagram.com/apolis/
Arabel Lebrusan
Arabel Lebrusan is an award-winning designer of intricately beautiful designer jewellery – her collections contain a mix of traditional craftsmanship with original, chic designs, giving a timeless quality to her pieces.
Elegant design with ethics at its core.
Our award winning jewellery collections contain a mix of traditional craftsmanship with original, chic designs, giving a timeless quality to the pieces.
"We truly believe in Unique Jewellery Design made with the most Ethical Materials available. We strive for Excellence in Craftsmanship in all the Jewels we make, and we take care of you every step of the way with our brilliant Customer Service. We promise to create an Heirloom that you will treasure forever"
Our iconic pieces are worn by the likes of Queen Letizia of Spain and Sienna and Savannah Miller.
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http://www.facebook.com/ArabelLebrusanJewellery
https://uk.pinterest.com/arabellebrusan/
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ARTICLE 22 designs beautiful and meaningful collections that tell unknown stories and give back.
PEACEBOMB, the first collection, is jewelry made from Vietnam War era bombs by Laotian artisans.
ARTICLE 22 seeks to embody a new luxury that intimately relates our objects and ideas.
Driven dually by design and development, ARTICLE 22 cultivates the untapped talents of artisans in forgotten or off-the-beaten-track places, promoting entrepreneurship and community development.
As appropriate, additional giveback benefits a broader cause.
For PEACEBOMB, each bracelet sold demines 3m2 of bomb littered land.
https://twitter.com/article_22
https://www.facebook.com/article22/
https://www.instagram.com/article_22/
Artisan & Fox is a social enterprise empowering artisans in developing regions, by connecting them to mindful consumers
Our curated marketplace only collaborates with ethical and responsible individual artisans, small artisan groups and social enterprises. After costs, our artisan partners receive 50% of the profits from your purchase. We then reinvest the rest into our social programs.
https://twitter.com/artisanandfox
https://www.facebook.com/artisanandfox/
https://www.instagram.com/artisanandfox/
Ash & Rose
Easy-Chic Style for the Modern Romantic - Ethical, Sustainable, Beautiful.
Ash & Rose is an online and brick-and-mortar shop located in the SoWa arts district of Boston's South End. We offer a tastefully curated selection of designs by local artists and fair trade artisan groups. We love all things romantic, whimsical, pretty and practical - and we care about the planet and the people who inhabit it.
https://twitter.com/_AshandRose_
https://www.facebook.com/ashandrose
https://www.pinterest.com/shopashandrose/
https://www.instagram.com/ashandrose/
Avery Verse
Avery Verse is an Australian luxury handbag brand and social enterprise that use eco-friendly Italian vegetable tanned leather.
Avery Verse is a disruptive new luxury handbag brand that synergises business with charity through its social enterprise model. All our designer handbags are handcrafted from Italian vegetable tanned leather. This is an ancient and eco-friendly leather tanning process that has existed for millennia and is highly favoured by artisanal manufacturers.
All our luxury bags are made with a timeless aesthetic to ensure they won't go out of fashion but can live above trends, ensuring that our customers stay stylish regardless of the season. Proceeds from every sale go towards social and environmental initiatives with a proven record of transformation.
In all we do, we aim to create a win-win and transform the luxury fashion industry.
https://twitter.com/averyverse
https://www.facebook.com/AveryVerse/
https://www.instagram.com/averyversebagcompany/
London based Jewellery brand, inspiring and enabling women to make sustainable, long lasting choices
The name Bar comes from the idea of being stripped back to basics, akin to the minimal and unapologetic bar form that metal takes before being made into jewellery. Our aesthetic is informed by elegance and simplicity, surpassing the transcience of trends, in the hope that you will wear the pieces for years to come.
Sustainability is an essential part of our brand, we want to educate and enable you to make conscious purchases and drive positive change.
We are passionate about positivity and collaboration with inspirational women in the fashion industry and beyond.
https://twitter.com/bar_jewellery
http://www.facebook.com/barjewellery
http://www.pinterest.com/barjewellery
http://instagram.com/barjewellery
BARBARA I GONGINI is a Nordic brand established in the field of international luxury Avant-Garde fashion design, founded in 2005. The collections present a different take on Nordic garments, derived from a conceptual approach towards fashion design.
The core of the BARBARA I GONGINI brand DNA is centered on strength of individual and not on sex or sexual orientation, societal order or other normative pressures, but on playful imaginative tale of craftsmanship that breathes freedom of self-expression.
The design process is comprised of artistically responsible exercises with a particular focus on sustainability. The brand embraces Nordic high-end craftsmanship irreverently.
The construction process is aimed at crafting garments eloquently suitable for both men and women and wearers are encouraged to interact and close forms by selective personalization of the silhouettes through #multiways garments. Structural forms are challenged and experimental pattern-making shape a solemn backdrop for contemporary tailoring.
https://www.facebook.com/barbaraigongini/
https://www.instagram.com/barbaraigongini/
Bazofo Clothing
Bazofo is a word used in Cape Verdean Creole to describe someone with style and attitude. It is also a small, sustainable and ethical clothing brand from Cova da Moura, the biggest Cape Verdean community in Portugal.
Our handmade products are made by my aunty Alice. She lives and works 20 metres from my home. She's a tailor and also employs locals in her atelier. I also work with other local tailors. There's a lot of talent in our community!
But this project would only make sense if our responsibility reached out beyond the limits of Cova da Moura. In terms of materials Bazofo is as sustainable and organic as possible.
Our white t-shirts are made in India using only recycled materials by a Finnish company called Pure Waste Textiles. They are printed in Portugal.
The handmade pieces are made of organic GOTS, OEKO-TEX® and OCS certified cotton and produced in Cova da Moura from the first to the last stitch. The African wax prints are from different sources.
- Vítor Sanches, founder of Bazofo
https://twitter.com/BazofoKM
https://www.facebook.com/bazofo/
https://www.instagram.com/bazofo_covadamoura/
Bead and Reel
Bead & Reel believes that fashion and ethics aren't mutually exclusive, offering eco-friendly, cruelty-free, sweatshop-free styles for the conscientious woman.
Everything we sell meets the criteria of being thoughtful to animals, people, and the world through our carefully curated selection of hand-picked designers and products.
We believe that fashion should make you feel good with flattering pieces in Fair Trade, Made in America, Organic, Recycled, Upcycled, Zero Waste, Biodegradable, Vegan, and Giving Back options. We want you to be comfortable with what you wear, shopping with confidence that your purchases are supporting policies and choices working to make the world a little bit better place.
We believe in practicing what we preach. From our recycled (and recyclable!) shipping supplies to our commitment to giving back (check our new cause each month) to our entirely vegan owned and operated company, we try to make the best possible choices in every aspect of our business to minimize our footprint and our impact on everyone and everything around us.
https://twitter.com/beadandreel
https://www.facebook.com/beadandreel
http://www.pinterest.com/shopbeadandreel/
http://instagram.com/beadandreel
Beklina
Comforted by nature, inspired by design, Beklina is passionate about living at the harmonious crossroads of the two.
Founded in 2006, Beklina was the first and original online, "eco boutique." Zealous trendsetters to the core, the shop has an emotional pull towards influential and arousing collections brought forth by new and established designers that love to play with color, print and fresh contrast.
https://twitter.com/Beklina
https://www.facebook.com/BeklinaBeklina
http://www.pinterest.com/rennell/
http://instagram.com/linarennell#
Birdsong is an emerging fashion brand for people who expect more from their wardrobe, with a promise of no sweatshops & no photoshop.
We want to revolutionise the way you dress. We source products from women's organisations with rare skills and pair them with contemporary design, creating heritage pieces with a mind to the future. From migrant seamstresses to knitting grannies, we unite women from different backgrounds.
We show the reality of women by using diverse, unedited, models. Your body suits you, dress it in Birdsong.
Birdsong currently work with 17 women's organisations, reaching 483 female makers on the margins of society. This includes elderly, migrant and low income background women, women recovering from addictions, single mums, and survivors of human trafficking turned goldsmiths.
They've made over £20,000 directly for women's organisations since starting two years ago.
https://twitter.com/birdsonglondon
https://facebook.com/birdsonglondon
https://pinterest.com/birdsonglondon
https://instagram.com/birdsonglondon
Bishop Collective
Ethically sourced, American made women's fashion and lifestyle goods.
Bishop Collective is an online boutique that specializes in American manufactured fashion and home goods and provides a new take on the idea of American made. The ever-changing collection pulls together some of the best eco-friendly brands in fashion for a refreshing approach to socially conscious design. You'll find anything from zero-waste patternmaking to organic and locally sourced fabrics and of course, all domestically produced in sweatshop free factories.
Launched in 2013 by two college fashion instructors, Mai Vu and Dimitri Koumbis, Bishop Collective offers American manufactured goods that eloquently combine fashion, art and lifestyle into an ecommerce platform.
https://twitter.com/BSHP_Collective
https://www.facebook.com/BishopCollective
https://www.pinterest.com/BishopCollect/boards/
https://www.instagram.com/bshp_collective/
Blessed Designs
Making ethically made fashion available to more women. Costing you and the environment less.
Born from a desire to make ethical & sustainable fashion available to any woman, Blessed Designs seeks to embrace women as they are, where they are. We aim to keep our prices low and energy high, with clothing that you can be comfortable in while still being fashionable.
As a company we are committed to protecting the earth and ensuring that people aren't being exploited in the making of our clothes. This is why we encourage those around us to shop small and ethically. We are leading the way by using small businesses in our supply chain.
Our goal to have as little impact as possible, so our production is local (in Texas), and we use as many American distributers as possible.
http://facebook.com/blesseddesignsco
http://instagram.com/blesseddesignsco
Bluer Denim
Impeccably fitting premium tailored denim that's 100% transparently made and sourced in America with a Buy One, Give One philanthropic mission.
With all-American sourcing and construction we're bringing great quality and the most authentic materials available to you at an affordable price.
https://twitter.com/BluerDenim
https://www.facebook.com/Bluer-Denim-406758489419539/
https://www.pinterest.com/bluerdenim/
https://www.instagram.com/bluerdenim/
BORN ON FRIDAY
Small business, supporting individual artisans from Central Asia. Eco-friendly production, support local felt production. Leather Free.
Ethically responsible fashion brand from the Kyrgyz Republic.
Ethics: Artisan-Made, Cruelty-Free, Eco-Friendly Production, Natural Materials
Mission: Rid the World of Boring Leather Bags.
Charity based: $5USD from each purchase will be donated to Tibetan Buddhist Nuns refugees, to build an educational center.
Be beautiful, while making a difference.
We provide online platform for local artisans, who create luxury fashion accessories and clothes. We celebrate unique sense of style.
https://www.facebook.com/bornonfridaycom/
https://au.pinterest.com/bornonfriday/
https://www.instagram.com/bornonfriday_com/?hl=en
Bourgeois Boheme
Bourgeois Boheme is an independent London based footwear brand for men and women making state of the art luxury shoes completely free from animal-derived materials. The British inspired styles are all artisan-made in Portugal from the finest materials.
Bourgeois Boheme is one of the most established vegan footwear brands out there, still small and independent – as we like it – still making beautiful and versatile shoes completely free from animal-derived materials. The timeless, brand-exclusive styles we produce are all artisan-made under ethical conditions in Portugal from the finest eco-friendly Italian vegan leathers. We believe that a good vegan shoe should be about more than just excluding animal materials – a design that stands the test of time is essential – and therefore we work tirelessly to champion slow fashion through updated British shoe classics that challenge the perception of leather-free footwear. Our increasing fan base includes vegan celebs such as Natalie Portman, Bryan Adams and Torrey DeVitto.
https://twitter.com/B_Boheme
https://www.facebook.com/bboheme/
https://uk.pinterest.com/bboheme/
https://www.instagram.com/boboheme/
Braintree Clothing
Natural, sustainable, organic clothing since 1995. Discover our contemporary, timeless fashion collections for mens and women and explore our #thoughtfulclothing world at www.braintreeclothing.com.
Creating Thoughtful Clothing alone isn't enough. We whole-heartedly value doing the right thing and want to feel good about everything we touch.
From the sustainable fabrics we use to how our garments are designed, made and delivered, each step of our collection's journey is carefully considered and done so ethically. It's all with the greater aim of minimising our environmental footprint.
We're also proud supporters of 'slow' rather than 'fast' fashion, which is why every piece of our Thoughtful Clothing is designed to last and become a wardrobe favourite. We believe in prolonging the life of both your clothes and their existence; one of the reasons we created our own mantra: 'Wear Me, Love Me, Mend Me, Pass Me On'.
https://twitter.com/BtreeClothing
https://www.facebook.com/BtreeClothing
https://www.pinterest.com/btreeclothing/
http://instagram.com/btreeclothing


text:
Brad Pitt Helps Chanel Shake Up Iconic Perfume
Published October 14, 2012 at 3:00 PM EDT
CELESTE HEADLEE, HOST:
And if you're just tuning in, this is WEEKENDS on ALL THINGS CONSIDERED from NPR News. I'm Celeste Headlee.
(SOUNDBITE OF CHANEL NO. 5 COMMERCIAL)
HEADLEE: When you think of women's perfume, what comes to mind?
HEADLEE: Chanel No. 5 has been around for 92 years. And the recipe for its iconic commercials has been the same for more than three decades. Take a famous actress, add an accomplished director and mix until you have a mini film. Take, for example, this 2004 ad featuring Nicole Kidman. It was directed by Baz Luhrmann, whose films include "Moulin Rouge."
HEADLEE: Today, Chanel is releasing a new commercial created with that same formula: big-time director and big-time star. But there's a twist. That star...
HEADLEE: ...is a man.
HEADLEE: Samples from an inquisitive Brad Pitt promoting the perfume. Rupal Parekh is an editor at Ad Age. She says since the recession hit, the fragrance market has gotten even more competitive. So Chanel is smart to shake things up.
RUPAL PAREKH: It is a perfume that our grandmothers wore, our mothers wore. There's, you know, there's no doubt that people know what it is. However, today, a lot of the perfumes that have performed really well, they're actually celebrity perfumes. So for Chanel to advertise and to make sure that it is top of mind today, you know, a reminder can't hurt.
HEADLEE: The perfume has been endorsed by famous actresses since the 1950s: Marilyn Monroe, Catherine Deneuve, Audrey Tautou, they've all promoted Chanel No 5. So why change what doesn't seem to be broken? Parekh says choosing a male face reminds women why they wear the perfume in the first place.
PAREKH: In addition to wearing it for yourself, well, who do you wear it for? You often do wear it for a man. And so the notion of having Brad Pitt endorsing Chanel No. 5, he's basically saying that he thinks it smells good. So if the idea is that men think Chanel No. 5 smells good, well, hey, wouldn't a woman want to wear it?
HEADLEE: Chanel will release the commercial at midnight Paris time. It'll be featured on their website and on YouTube.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "LOVER MAN (OH, WHERE CAN YOU BE?)") Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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"I'll protect everyone, and save Cocoon!"
Whether they're encased in bronze armor or wearing nothing more fancy than a long jacket, the Sentinel is a valiant bravo standing directly between destruction, darkness and evil and absolutely everyone else - admittedly, not a comfy place. Reckless yet stalwart, the Sentinel battles with a shout of challenge and a stance that will not cede an inch.
Sentinels protect - themselves and others. With unparalleled access to Provoke and defensive abilities - including some that are simply astounding in their scope, like Elude and Reprieve - the Sentinel taunts the enemy into attacking them, and then proceeds to not die. A Sentinel thrives in battle based on support from the party; they don't inflict much damage, but a good Sentinel allows the rest of the party to go into overdrive, playing on the full offensive.
Sword, Spear, Greatsword, Axe&Hammer, Heavy Armor, Light Armor, Mystic Armor, Shield.
The Sentinel, by whatever means necessary, focuses the enemy's ire their way, inflicting Provoke (4).
The Sentinel creates a defensive barrier around his allies - Element Guard lasts until the Sentinel's next turn, and grants the Sentinel and his allies a 4/5th Defense Factor against all elemental damage.
The Sentinel enters a stance primarily focused on evading and deflecting blows, rather than enduring them. Until the Sentinel's next turn they are granted 2 ranks of evasion and 6 ranks of magic evasion. Additionally, any offensive ability targeting the Sentinel which would have a CoS above 70 after applying evasion and magic evasion has its final CoS reduced to 70.
The Sentinel enters a stance that applies a defense factor of 3/5 to all damage they suffer. On they Sentinel's next turn the Sentinel may attack, dealing normal weapon damage and ending the stance. Alternatively, the Sentinel may select the Entrench Stance again, continuing to gain the defense factor, and adding a +25% situational damage modifier to Entrench Attack - this may be done up to four times, for a maximum modifier of +100%, after which no further damage will be gaining from continuing the Entrench Stance.
The Sentinel adopts an unparalleled defensive stance. Until their next turn, any single target physical attacks made by an enemy against one of the Sentinel's allies are automatically redirected to the Sentinel instead.
The Sentinel enters a stance that applies a defense factor of 3/5 to all damage they suffer until their next turn. In addition, they regain 10% of their Max HP.
The Sentinel draws the attention of the enemies, inflicting Provoke (4) to the enemy group.
The Sentinel enters a stance that applies a defense factor of 3/5 to all damage they suffer until the Sentinel's next turn. Additionally, the first time the Sentinel is struck the defense factor changes to 2/5, and the second time the Sentinel is struck it changes once again to a 1/5th defense factor.
The Sentinel enters a stance that applies a defense factor of 3/5 to all damage they suffer, and with their next action, the Sentinel then lets off the Vendetta Attack. The first time the Sentinel is struck for damage during the stance, apply a +50% situational modifier to the amount of damage dealt with Vendetta Attack, then for each time the Sentinel is again struck for damage during the stance, apply an additional +25% situational modifier to the damage he deals with the Vendetta Attack. Vendetta Attack inflicts weapon damage to a single target.
If the Sentinel would be reduced to 0 HP by an action, and the Sentinel was not in Critical health, then the Sentinel miraculously lives through that attack with 1 HP left. (Reprieve has no effect if the Sentinel is in Critical health before the action). Some abilities inflict loss of health or death as a side-effect, such as Self-Destruct, Pep Up, or Soul Eater; Reprieve does not act on these effects.


Building commissioning has increasingly become a standard in the construction industry. Originating in the 1980s as a quality control process, building commissioning has since been developed by many organizations and formalized by ASHRAE and CSA. Commissioning is now an important aspect in the building industry, whether it is for new construction or existing buildings. Traditionally the scope of work has been HVAC, but the commissioning process is equally applicable and gaining traction, with electrical, life safety, security, building envelope, energy measurement and monitoring, etc.
In this interactive presentation two practitioners will share case studies to illustrate what building commissioning is and who would benefit from it, as well as outlining its merits at various phases of the lifecycle of a building.
Derek Cheung (Isotherm Engineering Ltd.) holds a Bachelor and a Master degree in Mechanical Engineering and is a registered Professional Engineer since 2001. He is a Certified Measurement and Verification Professional (CMVP) and a Certified Building Commissioning Professional (CBCP) through the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE) and an Associate Commissioning Professional (ACP) through the Building Commissioning Association (BCA).
Currently he is a VP at Isotherm Engineering Ltd. which is an engineering consultant firm in Mississauga, ON, focusing on mechanical and HVAC engineering and building commissioning. In addition to his HVAC background, he was in production and project engineering in the medical device and pharmaceutical manufacturing industries at Visible Genetics Inc. and Patheon Inc. prior to becoming a partner at Isotherm Engineering.
Derek is actively involved in Building Commissioning Association (BCA), and is the Secretary for the Eastern Canadian Chapter. He is also in the Standards Committee and the Business Development Committee of the Chapter. He also regularly attends meetings by AEE, ASHRAE, CaGBC and PEO.
Michael Legesse (Brosz Technical Services Inc.) completed his Bachelor of Engineering from Ryerson University and his Master of Engineering from McGill University in the field of Electrical Engineering. Michael is a licensed professional engineer in Ontario and a member of IEEE, NETA, and NAFI. With over 8 years of engineering and management experience in the power systems industry from both the consulting and application engineering background, Michael is currently the Technical Services Manager of Brosz Technical Services Inc., part of the Brosz Group of Companies - a firm which specializes in Power Systems Analysis, Forensic Engineering, and Failure Analysis.
Guests of engineers are also welcomed. Please use this as an opportunity to network with other engineers. Its Wings Night at the Pub and with the purchase of a beverage, the Chapter will buy you a pound for wings.


Kids ages 10-15 years old will receive 1/2 priced Tours Tuesday – Thursday. One 1/2 price child per one full paying adult.
All active duty and veterans will receive $10 off any day.
All residents of Warren County will receive $10 off with a valid proof of address on Mondays.


I started writing the Mandy and Raven Books™ years ago. My dogs are my inspiration and I wanted to be able to share their playfulness with others. Mandy and Raven love to play and have fun. What a better way to share them than through my books! In the entire Mandy and Raven Books™ series Mandy teaches Raven how to do the right thing and respect others.I hope you enjoy reading them as much as I've loved writing them.
Mandy is a Border Collie mix and lives in Phoenix with her brothers Raven and Charlie. She is the leader of the group and isn't shy about telling the boys what to do.
Raven is a lab mix and lives in Phoenix. He is the playful one who likes to go on adventures even when he's not supposed to! He is good at listening to his mommy and to Mandy.


text:
Isabelle Van Damme co-authors a book chapter on the World Trade Organization and the law of treaties
Van Bael & Bellis counsel Isabelle Van Damme has co-authored a chapter on 'The World Trade Organization' which has been published in an edited collection on Conceptual and Contextual Perspectives on the Modern Law of Treaties (Cambridge University Press, 2018). She wrote the chapter together with Professor Joost Pauwelyn (Graduate Institute, Geneva).
Further information on that publication is available here.
Isabelle Van Damme
Isabelle Van Damme speaks on "WTO Appellate Review: Reform Proposals and Alternatives" at a WTI Work
On 24 May 2019, Van Bael & Bellis counsel Isabelle Van Damme spoke on a panel addressing "Alternatives for appellate review and WTO dispute settlement" at a workshop organised by the World Trade Institute on "WTO Appellate Review: Reform Proposals and Alternatives" at the World Trade Organization in Geneva. Isabelle's presentation focused on whether dispute settlement mechanisms established by recent regional and bilateral trade agreements could be used as a viable alternative to appellate review at the WTO. Further information about the conference is available here.
Van Bael & Bellis launches the sixth edition of its "EU Anti-Dumping and Other Trade Defence Instruments"
Isabelle Van Damme is quoted by Law360 on the impact of Opinion 1/17 on the European Commission's negotiating position in UNCITRAL
Isabelle was quoted this week in an article published in Law360 on the Court of Justice of the European Union's Opinion 1/17 regarding CETA. The article, entitled "EU Investor Court Greenlighted, But May Face Rough Road", discusses the implications of this opinion on the ongoing negotiations in UNCITRAL aimed at reforming investor-State arbitration mechanisms. In her remarks, Isabelle reflected on the impact of Opinion 1/17 on the European Commission's negotiating position in those UNCITRAL talks as well as in bilateral negotiations.


You will find plenty of instances where the Private investigators or private detectives are situated in places that limit movements along with the only way to collect information correctly would be to capture images with no having to compromise the position or location specifically if the private investigator or private detective is conducting a surveillance of the target individual or suspect. There could also be instances wherein inspections within the home of the target individual may possibly be carried out and there may possibly be an opportunity to locate hidden items but because private investigators and private detectives can only collect details with no destroying or moving something then an appropriate tool that may squeeze into tight spaces should be utilised.
During such tight scenarios the Flexible Inspection Camera would come in handy, simply because it really is lightweight, quite little and is capable of giving image output or capable of searching through tight spaces without having the need to have to eliminate any wall panels or any appliances. The 1 meter long and 9.two millimeter tube was developed to be flexible sufficient to accommodate proper angling, which is necessary to effectively position the camera or lens. One notable feature of this Flexible inspection camera is its water resistance making it capable of getting utilised in liquids or places exactly where liquids are abound like drains and engines amongst others.
The Flexible Inspection Camera is equipped having a 2.4" TFT monitor that is getting utilised for live viewing. In addition, the video monitor is equipped with a rechargeable battery pack which is utilised to give the TFT monitor energy of up to five hours. To obtain around angles and corners the Flexible Inspection Camera is also equipped with three attachments, the hook for finding missing or hard to obtain items, the magnet which also does the same as well as the mirror for searching by way of the right angles and round corners.