Their most famous song is called "Shots in the Air," but Kraftklub managed to set off a shock in the opposite direction when 8,000 fans at a concert in Leipzig jumped so energetically that they set off a "mini-earthquake".
"Starting from twenty to nine in the evening, we received a total of 8 calls from local residents," a fire service spokesperson told the Leipziger Volkszeitung.
The paper reported that the earthquake was strong enough to rip the wall paper in houses in the Waldstrassen neighbourhood.
Even the Geophysical Observatory in nearby Collm was alerted.
At first, the alarmed locals thought that they were facing a real earthquake.
"That was quickly ruled out," said the firefighters' spokesperson – once the actual epicentre was quickly located, it was unmistakable.
According to a reporter for the Leipziger Volkszeitung, who was present at the gig, the band's singer, Felix Brummer, ordered all the fans to stand up after he had finished the first song.
The reason for the strange phenomenon was apparently the high ground water level under the venue.
The earthquake observatory in Collm had to calm down one panicked caller, who was convinced he was experiencing an earthquake.
An employee of the observatory told the Leipziger Volkszeitung that in her thirty years working there, she has never experienced such an event before.


text:
Wolf Harden (born 1962) is a German classical pianist.

Biography and career
Wolf Harden was born in Hamburg, and started learning music with his father, a musicologist, and his mother, a pianist. He studied at the Detmold Music Academy, and began performing with the Trio Fontenay, which he founded in 1980. In 1982, Harden made his debut in Berlin, and in 1983, he made his first recording of the Liszt Dante sonata.

Harden has performed regularly in Europe, North and South America and Asia, both as a recitalist and with the Trio Fontenay. He also performs regularly with orchestras around the world. He has worked as accompanist for a number of singers, including Juliane Banse, Wolfgang Holzmair and Theo Adam, and with many instrumentalists, such as Kolja Blacher, Michael Goldstein, Kim Kashkashian and Giora Feidman.

Harden has recorded more than 50 CDs, as solo pianist, soloist with orchestra, and with the Trio Fontenay. He has recorded for the Teldec, Denon, Philips, cpo and Naxos labels. He has notably recorded (as of 2017) nine volumes of the complete piano music of Busoni, as well as works by Pfitzner, Nishizaki and Schumann. With the Trio Fontenay, he has recorded piano trios by Beethoven, Brahms, Chopin, Debussy, Dvořák, Haydn, Ives and many others.

References

External links
 Wolf Harden's web site
 Wolf Harden's biography and discography on the Naxos web site

1962 births
Living people
German classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Musicians from Hamburg
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century male musicians

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It does feel magical when you find a potion that really stands out from the crowd and delivers instant and long term results. My new love is the Probiotic Skin Refiner. It is an exfoliator, skin hydrator and collagen booster all in one! r. Rich in probiotics and lactic acid it helps to improve cellular turnover as it refines the skin and reveals an improved texture. Lactic acid naturally moisturises the skin and stimulates collagen production, promoting a more hydrated, moisturised and plump complexion. The gentle exfoliation keeps my skin glowing and prevents any congestion or breakouts for me. As my skin is sensitive I personally stay away from scrubs. You can read my whole guide/post about exfoliation here.
HOW TO I use it twice a day after cleansing my face. I just need to pour a few drops onto a cotton pad and apply the solution all over my face. I follow with moisturizer and voila: Done and glowing! It doesn't have any particular scent or smell to it and is completely liquid, like water. As all The Beauty Chef's products this little miracle worker gains it's magical powers from the unique fermentation process that founder Carla Oates developed. She is a very inspirational woman that knows a thing or two about natural beauty.
Have you tried the A-mazing supplements by The Beauty Chef yet? I am a little addicted. I used them as part of my pre-wedding beauty regime and have just kept using them. My Mum got hooked too and I just had to send her a whole box over to Germany.


Rachel is a young mum to her young daughter, Olivia. She says being a young mum can be tough for various reasons and the statistics back that up: young mums are at increased risk of isolation and depression.
Rachel attends our Young Parents Together programme which has helped her become more confident and social and less isolated.
There are many more young mums like Rachel, throughout the UK that need our help. To help them, we need your support. Please consider a donation today.


The Franklin Institute in Philadelphia is currently running a Star Trek exhibit with all sorts of whimsical items from the various TV shows and movies. A few devices, in particular, look mighty familiar to present-day gadgets.
Please observe the two Engineering PADDs (personal access display device) in the above photo. I'll be damned if those don't bear a striking resemblance to Amazon's Kindle and Kindle DX e-book readers. The PADD, however, is set way, way off in the future — circa 2375, according to the little sign there. It appears that in the future they have color e-ink, too.
Then below we have a Cardassian Data Clip, described as a "portable storage and data processing device". It's roughly the size and shape of a 2.5-inch portable hard drive enclosure.
And this "data display panel" could double as a digital photo frame or, perhaps more appropriately, one of those 7-inch USB LCD monitors. Except this one is much cooler looking and wireless.
And last but not least, there's the Tricorder, "an advanced scientific device used by Starfleet personnel" to monitor medical conditions and search for signs of life, among other things. Kinda resembles a wireless router, which is used to search for and monitor advanced scientific stuff like LOLcats and hot deals on Wolf T-shirts.


text:
U.S. June construction spending up 0.3% vs. up 0.1% expected
By Robert Schroeder
Published: Aug 1, 2006 10:00 a.m. ET
RobertSchroeder
White House reporter
WASHINGTON (MarketWatch) -- Spending on U.S. construction projects rose 0.3% in June to an annual rate of $1.22 trillion, the Commerce Department said Tuesday. Economists had anticipated an increase of 0.1% in June, according to a survey conducted by MarketWatch. June's outlays for private projects rose 0.1% to $944.7 billion. Construction outlays were flat in May, according to revised data. May outlays were previously estimated to decline by 0.4%.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Diane Ravitch/ December 27, 2017
Settling for Scores
Why are schools still judged by the results of standardized tests?
Illustration by Andre Da Loba
In 1979, the psychologist Donald Campbell proposed an axiom. "The more any quantitative social indicator is used for social decision-making," he wrote, "the more subject it will be to corruption pressures and the more apt it will be to distort and corrupt the social processes it is intended to monitor." He also wrote: "Achievement tests may well be valuable indicators of general school achievement under conditions of normal teaching aimed at general competence. But when test scores become the goal of the teaching process, they both lose their value as indicators of educational status and distort the educational process in undesirable ways."
Put simply, when the measure becomes the goal, and when people are punished or rewarded for meeting or not meeting the goal, the measure is corrupted. As Richard Rothstein has shown in his superb monograph, "Holding Accountability to Account," tying high stakes to measurable goals affects behavior in negative ways in every field, not just education. Judge heart surgeons by the mortality rate of their patients, and they will turn away risky patients. The classic (and probably apocryphal) illustrations of Campbell's law come from the Soviet Union. When workers were told that they must produce as many nails as possible, they produced vast quantities of tiny and useless nails. When told they would be evaluated by the weight of the nails, they produced enormous and useless nails. The lesson of Campbell's law: Do not attach high stakes to evaluations, or both the measure and the outcome will become fraudulent.
For the last 16 years, American education has been trapped, stifled, strangled by standardized testing. Or, to be more precise, by federal and state legislators' obsession with standardized testing. The pressure to raise test scores has produced predictable corruption: Test scores were inflated by test preparation focused on what was likely to be on the test. Some administrators gamed the system by excluding low-scoring students from the tested population; some teachers and administrators cheated; some schools dropped other subjects so that more time could be devoted to the tested subjects.
In his new book, Daniel Koretz, an eminent testing expert at Harvard University, has skillfully dissected the multiple negative consequences of the education reforms of the 2000s, most of them unintended. His title, The Testing Charade: Pretending to Make Schools Better, sums up his conclusion that the reform movement failed badly because of its devotion to high-stakes testing as the infallible measure of educational quality. Koretz says the results of the testing inflated scores and were not valid. But reformers did not withdraw their support for testing even when the harm it inflicted on children and public schools became evident. Some were ignorant of the evidence of failure; others believed tests provided valuable information, despite the corruption of the data by high stakes. Since federal law required states to label schools with low scores as failing, and since those schools were often turned into charter schools, a whole industry benefited from this system—even though the same measures labeled many charters as failing, too. The Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA), passed in 2015, still requires that every child be tested every year—a practice unknown in any high-performing nation.
Legislators' and policymakers' obsession with testing has been locked into place since January 8, 2002, when President George W. Bush signed into law his signature domestic legislation, the No Child Left Behind Act. Before NCLB, every state had its own tests and its own accountability measures, but none was as harsh, punitive, and unrealistic as NCLB. None required every school to reach 100 percent proficiency or face mass firings or closure or both.
THE TESTING CHARADE: PRETENDING TO MAKE SCHOOLS BETTER by Daniel Koretz
University of Chicago Press, 288 pp., $25.00
When Bush campaigned for the presidency, he portrayed himself as a "compassionate conservative" who knew how to overcome "the soft bigotry of low expectations." He said he knew how to raise test scores, raise graduation rates, and close the achievement gaps between children of different races and classes. Test every child every year from grades three to eight, publish the scores for every subgroup by race, gender, disability status, and so on, then reward the schools that raised scores, embarrass those that didn't, and voilà! Problem solved. Test scores and graduation rates go up, achievement gaps close. It was all common sense: Get the incentives and sanctions right, and results were sure to follow.
Bush's surrogates claimed there had been a "Texas miracle," that annual testing had dramatically raised scores and graduation rates in the state while he was governor. In fact, there was no miracle. Texas was not a model for the nation in 2000, nor is it now. But Congress bought it, and NCLB required every public school in the nation to test every child every year in reading and mathematics from grades three to eight. Schools were required to reach 100 percent proficiency on standardized tests by the year 2014, only twelve years later, or face dire sanctions, including closure or privatization. Not only did the Bush administration vastly expand the federal government's role in education, venturing where no other administration of either party had dared to go, it set a goal that was literally impossible for schools, districts, and states to meet. Democrats as well as Republicans supported this massive federal intrusion into pedagogical and local matters. Senator Ted Kennedy and Democratic Congressman George Miller of California, both noted liberals, proudly supported Bush's folly.
When Obama took office in 2009, the failure of NCLB was already apparent, but the president and his secretary of education, Arne Duncan, were true believers in George W. Bush's vision, and they doubled down on standardized test scores as the definition of success. Under their Race to the Top program, thousands of educators were fired, and countless public schools were closed or handed over to private charter operators. The devout belief in standardized tests as the measure of learning and the equally devout belief in turning public schools over to charter entrepreneurs came to be known as the "reform movement." It was, in reality, a giant federal wrecking ball that did immeasurable damage to students, teachers, and public education.
Koretz excoriates the reform movement for its indifference to the harm it caused. He criticizes its iconic leaders—Joel Klein, Michelle Rhee, and Arne Duncan—for their fanatical devotion to standardized tests without regard to how the scores were obtained. Duncan demanded that all teachers must raise the test scores of their students, that they must be rated by their ability to raise scores, and that those who couldn't consistently raise scores year on year should be fired. No excuses. Teachers of the gifted, whose students were already at the top, would be rated ineffective if they didn't raise those scores even higher—say from 3.97 out of 4 to 3.98. Teachers of art and physical education and other subjects that were not tested were assigned a rating based on the scores of students they didn't teach, in subjects they didn't teach. Duncan applauded when Los Angeles and New York City publicly released the rankings of teachers, even though the rankings were rife with errors. Rigoberto Ruelas, a teacher in a tough Los Angeles neighborhood, committed suicide after his average ranking was made public. No one apologized.
The reformers' obsession with test scores, Koretz writes, prepares students to take tests, but it does not prepare them to apply what they have learned to real life situations. Typically, students are prepped to take a specific test. Switch to another test in the same subject for which the students have not prepped, and their scores are likely to plummet. Placing so much importance on test scores, Koretz writes, was certain to produce score inflation, not better education. Teachers were told to give "interim assessments" frequently during the year to prepare for the real test, but doing so took time away from nontested subjects like history, the arts, civics, even physical education and recess. Reformers point to higher scores as "proof" that their reforms worked. This is circular reasoning.
Will the Common Core standards fix this mess? Koretz says no. The standards mistakenly assume that one curriculum is right for everyone. The whole reform package was mandated without regard for evidence. Reformers suffer, Koretz writes, from an "arrogant assumption that we know so much that we don't have to bother evaluating our ideas before imposing them on teachers and students." This assumption is especially startling when you realize how few of the reformers ever taught or taught for more than two years as members of Teach for America.
Koretz is not anti-testing. He is not even anti–standardized testing. He opposes the misuse of tests and would prefer to see them used as diagnostic tools, disconnected from rewards and punishments. Koretz proposes that standardized tests should be coupled with teacher tests and other measures of student performance, and that teachers get extra help to improve classroom instruction. He recognizes that nearly two decades of test-driven accountability, attached to harsh sanctions, has deeply embedded the power of standardized testing in the psyche of teachers and principals and that it will take years to make policymakers and educators aware of the pernicious effects of high-stakes testing.
But there are, Koretz finds, two reasons to feel hopeful about the future. One is that 2015's ESSA is somewhat less punitive than NCLB. The other is the opt-out movement; in New York, for example, one-fifth of parents refused to allow their children to take the federally mandated state tests. The students sit for the tests in the spring, sometimes for as long as 18 hours—longer than the bar exams—over two weeks, which is unreasonable, especially for children so young. The test results are not reported until summer or fall, when the students have different teachers. Neither the students nor the teachers are allowed to discuss the test questions to find out what they got wrong and how they can do better. The students are given a numerical ranking: They learn how they compare to others of their age. But because of test secrecy, the tests have no diagnostic value. None.
Worse, they teach young children to look for the right answer instead of looking for the right question. Some test questions may have two right answers or no right answer. The thoughtful child may choose an answer that is plausible but judged "wrong." As a teaching tool, the tests are deeply flawed because they quash imagination, creativity, and divergent thinking. These are mental habits we should encourage, not punish.
Children from elite homes are convinced they deserve their high status; their scores demonstrate their superiority.
Since test scores are highly correlated with parental income and education, children from affluent homes learn they did well. Children from poor homes learn they did poorly. The British author Michael Young wrote in the introduction to the revised edition of his classic book The Rise of the Meritocracy about the pernicious social effects of standardized tests. The children from elite homes are convinced by their test scores that they deserve their high status; their scores demonstrate their superiority. And children of the poor learn early on that they rank poorly; their test scores confirm their lowly status.
Despite the clear failure of test-based accountability, which Koretz amply documents, policymakers cling stubbornly to this corrosive doctrine. When Betsy DeVos says she will leave decisions about testing to the states, what she means is that the status quo of federally mandated annual testing in grades three to eight will remain undisturbed. Supporters of privatization appreciate the testing regime because every year it produces failing schools, the bottom 5 percent that can be closed and handed over to entrepreneurs and charter chains. Testing taps into Americans' love of competition, incentives, and scores. It makes perfect sense to rank baseball players and teams by their wins and losses, but it doesn't transfer to children or schools. Children may be talented in the arts or sports or other areas, and it won't show on the tests. Education is a developmental process, a deliberate cultivation of knowledge and skills, a recognition of each child's unique talents, not a race.
Diane Ravitch is a research professor of education at New York University and the co-founder of the Network for Public Education, a grassroots advocacy organization. Her most recent book is Reign of Error: The Hoax of the Privatization Movement and the Danger to America's Public Schools.
Magazine, January-February 2018, Review, Books, Standardized Test, Education, Daniel Koretz, George W. Bush, No Child Left Behind, Texas, Barack Obama, Race To The Top, Common Core, Culture


Jamie Krisman moved from private practice to work as an in-house lawyer with music publishers, Warner/Chappell Music and now works for the specialist insurance firm, Robin Simon, which has now become Alternative Business Structure, Triton Global Limited. Her expertise lies in advising private clients and insurers on all forms of music publishing contracts and digital media, as well as broader intellectual property matters; she has a particular interest in Information Technology companies and professionals and breach of copyright and data protection issues.
This year saw London's first Technology Week held from 16-20 June and was initiated as an opportunity to showcase London's role as the digital capital of Europe. Throughout the week there were a number of events to bring together the best and brightest tech professionals to share brilliant new ideas, build business relationships and help cement London as a top tech global hub. I took the opportunity to be part of this exciting week by attending the "Big Data" breakfast meeting at Level39, Canary Wharf, where around 250 leading entrepreneurs and business people gathered to assess how "Big Data" is transforming British business. Big Data is not a new concept but is currently the buzz phrase in tech circles to emphasise the increasing value placed on collecting and utilising large volumes of data. An interesting analysis was made by Clive Humby, a data scientist and inventor of the Tesco club card that "data has become the new oil", the catalyst being when it became more costly to delete data rather than store it.
London's tech scene is rapidly growing. The likes of IBM, Virgin Media and British Airways have committed to taking on almost 2,000 new apprentices. Furthermore it is estimated London's digital tech sector could grow by 5.1% a year, creating an additional £12bn of economic activity and 46,000 tech sector jobs by 2024. The meeting focused on three main areas where huge potential for investment and reward can be gained by the improvement of business' ability to harvest improved ways to collect and analyse data.
"HealthTech" is an exciting area driving the London tech industry's growth. In March Deputy Mayor of London Kit Malthouse announced plans to establish London as the 'HealthTech capital of Europe' through the establishment of Med City – a sister cluster to Tech City that will form a London-Oxford-Cambridge 'Golden Triangle'.
Big Data analysis could potentially unleash an abundance of insight and knowledge into how we tackle diseases and improve treatment, for example in matters related to heart disease by plotting heart rhythms to predict when angina attacks are likely to occur.
The second area for investment is "AdTech". AdTech accelerators such as The Bakery, an incubator launched in collaboration with the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising, are helping the next generation of London AdTech start-ups get off the ground and solidify London's status as a global creative hub.
And thirdly, "FinTech"; London's Financial Tech start-ups have also experienced huge levels of investment and growth, benefiting from the City's status as the financial capital of the world. FinTech start-ups in the UK and Ireland raised over £400m in investment between 2008 and 2013, with growth in UK companies outperforming that of Silicon Valley in the same time period. The growth trend in Fintech is largely being driven by rising demand from the financial industry, its clients and customers, for mobile, analytic, cloud regulatory compliance, and data security solutions. A recent example of investment being Santander's announcement to partnership with peer-to-peer lenders Funding Circle, the first time a High Street bank has offered crowd funding support to small businesses.
Big data offers enormous scope for understanding societal behaviour and peoples willingness to engage. It can allow the design of efficient and realistic policy and administrative change. Also, however, it brings ethical challenges, for example when big data is used for predictive policy-making, raising issues of justice, equity and privacy and "big-brother" style society policing. There will also undoubtedly be tension between the recent European Court of Justice's recent decision that individuals have the 'right to be forgotten', i.e. the right to have search engine results (such as Google) removed where they affect privacy rights and the collection of data and data protection issues. This has a significant potential to lead to legal uncertainty for firms to navigate an ever increasing complicated and rapidly evolving data protection landscape and emphasises the requirement for all businesses to be fully up to speed on data privacy and protection law.


On the 4-hour chart, the price of Litecoin broke the support level at $74 and the price fell to the low of $72. The bulls took control and brought the price to the high of $74. The bears took over again and made another attempt at the support level of the range-bound zone. Meanwhile, the Relative Strength Index period 14 is level 40 - indicating that the price of Litecoin is in the range-bound zone.


text:
Centella (Gotu Kola) – Herb that Nourishes the Brain
Health Herbs & Oils January 14, 2014 0
Centella (Centella asiatica) is a medicinal herb that grows in swampy areas of India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, South Africa and tropical regions of the world. Centella also known as Gotu kola is very important medicinal herb that is widely used in oriental regions, and in recent years is becoming more popular in the western world…
The Indian name of this herb is Brahmi booti, and in India has been used for centuries as a revitalizing herb that strengthens the function of the nervous system and improves the memory.
It is also a detoxification and tonic plant that can rejuvenate and relax the nervous system. In Ayurveda (Indian scriptures) is mentioned as an herb that revitalizes the nerves and the brain cells.
Health Benefits of Centella
Centella strengthens and nourishes the immune system, purifies the blood, plays a role as a diuretic, it is useful in the prevention of arthritis, rheumatism and for maintaining a healthy skin.
Improves the circulatory system – Gotu kola has a positive effect on the circulatory system. It improves the flow of blood while strengthening the veins and capillaries. It has been used successfully to treat phlebitis, leg cramps, and abnormal tingling of the extremities. It soothes and minimizes varicose veins and helps to minimize scarring.
Prevents and treats cancer – Scientific studies made in 1995 showed that centella destroys tumor cells cultured in vitro in the laboratory. The leaves of this herb have been used for centuries throughout the world to treat leprosy, cancer, skin problems, rheumtoid arthritis, hemorrhoids and tuberculosis.
Boosts the central nervous system – The regular use of this herb can regenerate the nervous system and therefore deserves attention as an alternative remedy for a wide range of neurological diseases and disorders, including the multiple sclerosis.
Gotu Kola is a rejuvenative nervine recommended for nervous disorders, including epilepsy, senility and premature aging. As a brain tonic, it is said to aid intelligence and memory. It strengthens the adrenal glands while cleansing the blood to treat skin impurities. It is said to combat stress and depression, energize flagging mental powers, increase libido, ward off a nervous breakdown and improve reflexes. It energizes the central nervous system and rebuilds energy reserves.
The soothing effects of this herb make it suitable for overcoming insomnia, stress, anxiety. It is used to rebuild energy reserves and treat physical and mental fatigue. Because of all these actions, centella is called "brain food". It contains Vitamin C and several essential minerals including magnesium, calcium and sodium.
Combats high blood pressure – Gotu Kola can relieve high blood pressure and helps the body defend against various toxins. It is used to treat rheumatism, blood diseases, congestive heart failure, urinary tract infections, venereal diseases, hepatitis and high blood pressure. It is a mild diuretic that can help shrink swollen membranes and aid in the elimination of excess fluids. It hastens the healing of wounds.
Medical Use of Centella
Centella is used to improve circulation and strengthening of the veins and capillaries (for treatment of chronic venous insufficiency, inflammation of the veins, varicose veins, etc.)
To improve mental functions – improves memory and concentration;
For vitality and good health of the whole body (it is useful for physically inactive people);
For the treatment of diseases of the liver and kidneys;
For the treatment of skin infections and diseases (such as psoriasis and eczema);
For revitalization of the connective tissue in the treatment of burns and wounds;
As an aid for weight loss and reducing of swellings;
To reduce high blood pressure and strengthen the heart muscle;
Centella is used as a mild sedative agent for the treatment of insomnia, as an aphrodisiac, anabolic and adaptogen.
Caution: Centella is not recommended for use at pregnant women, nursing mothers and young children, at diabetics and people with elevated levels of cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood.
Via: StyleCraze
The Horrifying Fact about the Rice You Regularly Consume
6 Smart and Time-Saving Bathroom Cleaning Hacks
Health Benefits of Maca Root – Balances the Hormones, Boosts Fertility, Improves the Hair And Skin Health!
24 Baking Soda Uses – Genius Ways to Include It in Your Everyday Life
Get More Health Information Like This IN YOUR INBOX
Best Herbal Health Copyright © 2021.
Contact | Disclaimer | Privacy Policy | Sitemap | Terms and Conditions | About Us | DMCA Policy
Join Our Mailing List and Receive the Latest Healthy Tips


SkyBoss is excited to announce that we are now working with Reviews Now to ensure your company is getting the reviews you need to grow your business. Our goal is to help you add value to your company by getting reviews from the right customers. What are you waiting for? Fill out the form below to get more information about Reviews Now.


Available in the USA on Amazon.com here.
If you live in the UK, or mainland Europe, then you can buy from your local Amazon using this link.
When you buy a Raspberry Squid, you also get a neat box to keep it in together with Raspberry Leaf (pin identifiers) for both the old-style 26 pin GPIO headers and the 40 pin variety.


We have made it exceptionally easy for you to find a Barclays mortgage, remortgage or buy to let!
We have access to specialist and exclusive mortgage deals and financial products that aren't available to the general public and we're proud to be able to advise you not only on a Barclays mortgage, but also on the whole of the UK mortgage, remortgage and secured loan market.
We take your privacy seriously and your details will never be passed on to anyone other than the people involved directly with yourBarclays mortgage comparisons.


text:
Culture & ArtsReal EstateGhostsbook club suggestion
When Haunted Houses Turn The American Dream Into A Nightmare
In Colin Dickey's "Ghostland," the unreal moves real estate.
Oct 20, 2016, 08:06 AM EDT
Perfect new home — or spook factory?
Robert Spriggs via Getty Images
A year ago, my then-boyfriend and I were looking for an apartment in Brooklyn. We lived in Manhattan, but wanted to retreat a bit from the bustle of the East Village. Selfishly, I wanted an apartment that was newer and easier to clean than our crumbling old walk-up. That's how our realtor ended up directing us to 123 on the Park, a massive edifice on the southeast edge of Prospect Park.
Flashily renovated, lavishly appointed with amenity after amenity and right on the park, the rental property was a real estate dream. And because it was fairly distant from Manhattan, the price for a one-bedroom was surprisingly low. Yet, my boyfriend and I felt something was amiss. The way the fortified brick structure loomed over the rest of the neighborhood seemed unwelcoming, and the residence was so quiet the agent showing us around actually commented on it. "It's so well-insulated; it sounds like no one lives here. But it's actually full!" he told us brightly and unconvincingly.
Later, we wandered around the neighborhood. Although the few residents we saw in 123 on the Park were young white couples and families, most of the neighbors were black. Everyone was friendly, but it was obvious that we newcomers were harbingers of gentrification. The property itself stood self-consciously in the midst of the neighborhood, like a spaceship sent down by hostile aliens bent on eventual takeover. Our unease only grew.
We didn't take the apartment. I moved with my boyfriend, now fiancé, to another neighborhood. We forgot all about the building, or at least its name. Then I picked up Colin Dickey's new book, Ghostland: An American History in Haunted Places, and found myself reading about a building that reminded me so strongly of the one we'd viewed, it sent a chill up my spine:
In Brooklyn the former Caledonian Hospital, overlooking the south side of Prospect Park, was transformed in 2014 into a luxury rental property, and almost immediately the ghosts moved in. Stories of strange smells, unexplained sounds, and other haunted phenomena began to emerge, and three doormen quit over the course of six months. [...] The managing director of the property group that manages the building confirmed to local papers that there was high staff turnover and that there have been issues in renting units.
It took me just a few minutes on Google to confirm that it was the very apartment building that had given us the creeps ― though we hadn't heard any ghost stories. Dickey dug deeper than the rumors of ghosts to unearth a somehow more heartbreaking origin story than I expected: citing a Gothamist investigation by Lauren Evans, he reports that "she was told by employees that the ghost rumors had been started by neighbors, who were concerned that the high-priced apartments would drive up their own rents."
"In landscapes such as New York City, where real estate and issues of gentrification are already fraught," Dickey concludes, "it doesn't much matter if the ghosts are real or not; what matters is the financial leverage they may provide."
Ghostland constantly circles back to the real estate of hauntings. The book motors along like a road trip tracing a map of creepy Americana: the House of Seven Gables, the Winchester Mystery House, the Lemp Mansion, the Biltmore Hotel, and on and on. As he wends his way through the landmarks and their histories, Dickey thoroughly and convincingly explores the many underpinnings of ghost stories and hauntings ― as manifestations of our collective guilt, anxieties, obsessions and historical losses; and as practical schemes for money-making, land acquisition, or controlling groups of people. But the value of property resonates with particular force in this American history of hauntings. What's more American, after all, than owning your own house? (Maybe upgrading to a bigger house, with a two-car garage.)
From Salem to Brooklyn, from the Reconstruction-era South to contemporary New Orleans, hauntings have been and continue to be remnants of, or wielded in the battle for, land. One of the earliest, most iconic ghost stories by an Anglo-American author, The House of Seven Gables by Nathaniel Hawthorne, centers on a real mansion in Salem, which he imbued with a lurid, fictional backstory: Colonel Pyncheon wants the land, but it's owned by Matthew Maule. Pyncheon disposes of this impediment by accusing Maule of witchcraft. Maule is executed, Pyncheon takes the land, and the mansion is built ― and haunted by vengeful spirits. At its heart, the haunting of the House of Seven Gables is the residue of a real-estate dispute.
As Dickey documents, property conflicts may been a primary motivation in the actual Salem witch trials:
One of the first girls who claimed to be afflicted, twelve-year-old Ann Putnam, initially accused the servant Tituba, as well as two other women, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne. At the time, Osborne was involved in a property dispute with Putnam's parents [...] Ann Putnam would a few weeks later also name Rebecca Nurse as a tormentor. Like Osborne, Nurse was involved in land disputes with the Putnams. While some of the women accused during the crisis were marginalized ― servants, widows, or otherwise impoverished women without community support ― Nurse was a well-respected figure in the community, pious and well-liked by many. What was happening in Salem was no longer the traditional model of witchcraft persecution, in which primarily the defenseless were targeted. It was now clear there was money to be made and land to be gained.
Salem has long since converted its sordid past into a different sort of practical haunting: an attraction. Like other famously haunted towns (and buildings), Salem capitalizes on its ghostly reputation to draw in tourists, who flock to the Massachusetts landmark to see reenactments of witch trials and take haunted walking tours. In the inverse of 123 on the Park's ghost rumors, spots like New Orleans and the Lemp Mansion in St. Louis play up their paranormal aura in order to make their location more appealing ― and more profitable.
The real House of Seven Gables.
Encyclopaedia Britannica/UIG via Getty Images
With tourists come tourism dollars, and a convincing ghost tour can transform an ugly old house into a money machine. This was discovered, argues Dickey, by the owners of Savannah's Sorrel-Weed House, a particularly colorful spot on the city's ghost tours. Historian Tiya Miles looked into the history of the mansion and found no basis for the currently circulated story, which features the suicides of a plantation owner's wife and the enslaved woman, Molly, with whom he was having an affair. "Miles hypothesizes," writes Dickey, "that the Molly legend was concocted by brothers Stephen and Philip Bader sometime after they purchased the house in 1996 and began renovations."
Unless an owner wants to convert her home or business into a haunted hotel or ghost mansion, selling tickets at the door, rumors of a haunting are likely to have a more negative impact, steering people clear of an area. Ghost stories have long been used in America, for good or ill, to circumscribe movement. Dickey points to slave narratives compiled by the Works Progress Administration in the 1930s, which collected vestiges of ghost stories from the time of slavery. "In these stories, ghosts terrify, but embedded in the terror are cautionary tales," he writes. One woman remembered being told, as a child, to keep away from a covered wagon that would appear in isolated areas of Tallahassee, where she lived. The children were told that it was inhabited by a ghost who hated young ones. But this ghost story was circulated only to keep them away from a dangerous spot: "[T]he wagon was in fact owned by a slave hunter, who would steal children and take them to Georgia to be sold, and [...] her parents and other adults had invented the Dry Head and Bloody Bones ghost as a means of protecting them."
Later, the Ku Klux Klan would use similar ― if far more stagey ― tactics to terrorize freedmen and try to maintain control of their newly emancipated workforce, Dickey explains. "[T]hese freed slaves were still vital to the economy and could not be allowed to migrate to the North," he writes. "Just as slave owners had prevented blacks from escaping prior to the Civil War, it now became equally imperative to discourage this movement among liberated slaves, a job taken up by the Klan. It was an enforcement that relied heavily on the presence of ghosts."
The Klan didn't settle for stories, visiting black people at night covered in sheets (a get-up that hinted at the eventual uniform of white hooded robes) to intimidate them, attack them and allegedly even play tricks to make themselves appear more ghostly. For example, "a skeletal hand would be inserted in a robe so that when a Klansman offered to shake someone's hand, they would get instead a disembodied hand."
The Klansmen, claiming to be ghosts of Confederate soldiers, sought to give the impression that "moving north was futile, since spirits of the Confederate dead could follow them anywhere." Despite Emancipation, nothing in the social order should be seen as changed; the formerly enslaved people should remain exactly where they were, tilling the land of white plantation owners. Without their free, or at least cheap, labor, the economy and the value of the plantations would collapse.
This chilling engraving of a black family being terrorized by a Klansman was made in 1872.
Interim Archives via Getty Images
On the other hand, a haunting can be the last recourse of the powerless, an attempt to bring the field back down to a level they can play on. That's what Dickey explores in his penultimate chapter, "Hillsdale, USA," where 123 on the Park appears. People in the neighborhood didn't want their rents to skyrocket as the area grew gentrified, so they spread doubts about the livability of the seemingly luxurious property. What's more, he points out, potential renters have tried to bargain down the monthly rate, due to the ghosts plaguing their new home. Sometimes a haunting is a means to keep people away, but it can also be a means to get a precious commodity at a bargain. (A deeper dive into the Brooklyn haunting in the New Yorker last year noted that such bargaining gambits have been unsuccessful, as "management's official position is that ghosts do not exist.")
Dickey also recalls viewing a foreclosed house with his wife thaovergrown, filthy, and bulbous with bizarre additions. On the wall, in pencil, were the words "A murderer lived here." They dubbed it "The Happy Murder Castle." Unable to find any evidence of a murderer who lived here, he concludes, "Those penciled words were, like the black mold, likely an attempt to make [the previous owners'] home as unappealing as they could, an albatross around the neck of the bank that had taken it from them." Reducing the value of the house might not have done them much good at that point, but it might have soothed the sting of losing their slice of the American Dream.
It's not entirely as simple as making up a ghost story, of course. In Ghostland, Dickey neatly dissects not just the historical, but the visual and atmospheric elements that evoke a haunting ― off-kilter aspects that come together to create a sense of what we call the "uncanny." More specifically, he refers back to Sigmund Freud's concept of unheimlich, or "unhomely"; in a haunted house, Dickey writes, we literally face "that which should be homey, should be welcoming ― the place one lives inside ― but which has somehow become emptied out of its true function." This sense of wrongness can arise when a home is abandoned, but also when it's constructed without regard to normal architectural and aesthetic standards. A house made of a jumble of different styles, with labyrinthine passages inside and a bafflingly illogical layout, feels slightly off, unwelcoming, "without concession to humanity." The Happy Murder Castle, with its weird outgrowths, was one such place; the House of Seven Gables, too, has an overpowering number of gables crammed onto its structure.
Or take 123 on the Park, a gargantuan rental building out of all proportion to its neighbors both in scale and in gloss ― after all, it used to be a hospital, a very different sort of structure. In the area, it felt misplaced in some way that felt difficult to pin down. Within, the impression only increased. The amenities felt stuffed into airless spaces as if to check off boxes for renters with high expectations ― yoga room, gym, recreation room ― regardless of whether the appointed room suited the purpose. We viewed a playroom for children, decorated with colored-pencil wallpaper and located in the bowels of the artificially lit basement. It certainly seemed to be intended for kids, but perhaps designed by someone who'd only encountered children in Toys 'R' Us catalogues.
123 on the Park already emanated an unhomely quality that likely made it a perfect target for ghostly rumors. In large part, that had to do with the leap forward into luxury rentals that stuck out against the rest of the neighborhood ― a grandiose display of fixings and finishings meant to tempt deeper pockets. This incongruity would certainly be felt more deeply by longtime residents than by new ones lured to 123 on the Park by the flashy renovations and park view.
As the ghost rumors mounted, the New Yorker piece reveals, "A number of residents were beginning to wonder if they might be at fault. Perhaps the spirits were 'anti-gentrification ghosts' conjured by locals." Like so many territorial usurpers of the past, gentrifiers might easily block out the unease of living in a fortified mansion among people whose homes we are rapidly helping make too expensive for them to live in. A haunting, though: That's harder to ignore.
Is this hideous living room the American dream, or a haunted house in waiting — or both?
Americans, perhaps more than anyone, want only to have their own little patch of real estate ― the perfect New York apartment, a starter house, a mansion, a few acres of land. It's the distilled heart of the national ethos. And yet, as Dickey argues, there's really no forgetting the fact that the land belonged to others before European settlers swept in and manifest destiny-ed their way across the continent. "Embedded deep in the idea of home ownership ― the Holy Grail of American middle-class life ― is the idea that we don't, in fact, own the land we've just bought," he writes, in a section on Indian burial ground hauntings.
The quintessentially American way to battle this anxiety, of course ― aside from those persistent myths about haunted Indian burial grounds ― is to defiantly lay ownership to our land, to flaunt our ability to fulfill our desires through our property.
A viral Zillow listing depicting a hideously decorated home ― also an art project by Nikolay Synkov ― has been knocking around Reddit for some time, drawing mockery. This week, on Slate, Osita Nwanevu defended the idiosyncratic house as "A Distillation of the American Dream." "In 2001, the Synkovs bought an 11-room house at 24 Brentwood Drive in the tony town of Avon, Connecticut," Nwaneyu writes. "They promptly set about gutting it. For four years, Synkov would work 40-hour weeks leading a team of at least seven, including his children, in the fulfilment of a remarkable vision [...] By the end of Synkov's work, the house would be nearly double its original size." In addition to its rambling size, its grotesque decor and weirdly chimeric rooms had led Reddit commenters to deem it "a recreation of hell" and "the set of a horror movie." It's the essence of unhomely. Nwaneyu has a point, though. The Synkov family came to America from Russia, bought a home, and imprinted themselves completely on it. It's the dream of American home ownership.
Now that the house is on the market, that complete level of ownership might be more of a liability than an advantage. Nikolay Synkov, the patriarch and architect behind the house, has found no takers, despite numerous price reductions since 2013. Though there's no apparent ghost story, it seems haunted, as many commenters suggest. The family's presence is felt not only in every room, but in every square inch. There's no standard "homely" aspect to it that could comfortably accommodate to the next family's specific patterns. If, as Dickey documents with other patched-together homes, it's the American way to take our pieces of land and build them up, turn our homes into grandiose extensions of ourselves, it's also the almost inevitable result that the places we live are misshapen and forever haunted by our attempts at total ownership.
Of course both the American dream and haunted America are closely knit into the fabric of real estate: We're a nation of house-hunters. And, as the neighbors of 123 on the Park knew all too well, there's never enough space to share peacefully.
Ghostland: An American History in Haunted Places
by Colin Dickey
Viking, $27.00
Real EstateGhostsbook club suggestionHaunted Houses
Ghost Images Through The Years


The east Indian hill towns of Pedong and Kalimpong await you, come take a break in the scenic landscapes of West Bengal.
2 nights and 3 days experience in Pedong and Kalimpong.
Village and nature walk with a guide.
Take a tour of the places like the Pedong bazaar for shopping of the handicrafts and relics.
Visit the Dello Hills and the cactus garden at Kalimpong.
Pedong is a small town in the Kalimpong district, it holds great historical architectures like the Damsang Gadi, a fort built in 1690 AD by the Lepchas. The highlight of the town is the cross hill, which is considered as a significant pilgrimage site by the Christians.
Kalimpong is situated at the foothills of the Shivalik range in the Himalayan region. Kalimpong is one of the most picturesque hill stations in the country and brings one closer to the miracle of Mother Nature. Kalimpong is located at an elevation of 1250 sq.ft above the sea level. The hill station is world-renowned for its flora and Buddhist monasteries. It is a wonderful sight to see the roads fringed on each side by lines and lines of these delicate and fragrant flowers. The hill station is blessed with five distinct seasons' summer, spring, autumn, monsoons, and winter.
In the morning you will be received at New Jalpaiguri Railway Station (NJP) by your host post which you will be transferred to Pedong.
The host will assist you for the forwarding journey to Pedong which will be of 100 kilometres and will take you close to 3 ½ - 4 hours.
Pedong lies 20 kilometres east of Kalimpong on the way to Lava at an altitude of 1240 metres (4071 feet) on a ridge, commands a panoramic view of the Kanchenjunga and the Himalayan range.
The villages nearby are Sakyong, Kasyong, Dalep, Kagey, Upper Menchu and Lower Menchu.
You will have the evening free to stroll around Pedong bazaar for shopping of handicrafts and relics, post which you will be staying overnight stay at the hotel in Pedong.
On the second day after a nice warm breakfast, you will head for Pedong local sightseeing.
Near Pedong are the ruins of Damsang Gadi, a fort built in 1690 AD by the Lepchas, a centre of the long-standing feud with the Dukpas of Bhutan.
You will be visiting several attractions among which some are the Cross Hill, Silent Valley on the way to Sillery Gaon, Sangchen Dorjee Monastery, Tinchuley Hill, Rikkisum, Franco-Swiss Museum etc.
After the completion of your tour, you will be heading back to the hotel and stay for the night at Pedong.
On the last and the final leg of your journey, you will be visiting Kalimpong enroute North Jalpaiguri.
You will visit the Dello Hills and the cactus garden and Morgan House in Kalimpong.
After the completion of your Kalimpong tour, you will be dropped back at North Jalpaiguri railway station.


text:
Chapter 6 – Body Composition
In addition to body composition and waist/hip circumferences, measuring body mass has also been used as an effective method to assess health risks. Body mass index (BMI) is a measurement of height (m2) and weight (kg) suggesting that a person's weight should be proportional to his or her height. For example, based on the BMI scale, a female with a height of 5'6" should not weigh more than 155 lbs. If her weight exceeded 155 lbs., she would be categorized as "overweight."
BMI = Weight (kg) / Height (m2)
Among several criticisms, the BMI method has been faulted for not distinguishing between FM and FFM, since only the overall weight is taken into account. For athletes, who may be more massive as a result of larger muscles, this criticism holds true. For example, a professional football player who weighs 215 pounds and stands at 6'3" would have the exact same BMI as a relatively sedentary arm-chair quarterback who also weighs 215 pounds with the same height. This discrepancy also exists when applying BMI to the senior population. As age increases, muscle mass declines. Seniors who have experienced years of muscle mass decline but increased body fat may maintain a constant weight despite having a very different body composition.
Other criticisms of using BMI as a health risk assessment tool include its failure to take age or gender into account. As discussed previously, females naturally have more body fat yet are classified in the same context as males. Because this measurement is so widely used by physicians, patients continue to express concerns about the validity of BMI as an indication of fatness.
Regardless of the criticisms, BMI as used for the general population, has been shown to be a reasonable predictor of health outcomes. At its core, it is not intended to be an estimate of body composition, i.e., measure Fat Mass and Fat-Free Mass. Instead, it is intended to be used as an estimate of healthy/unhealthy levels of body fat. When used as a means of tracking weight changes over time it can be a valuable tool in predicting health and for recommending lifestyle modifications.11
Waist-to-Hip Ratio
An alternative measurement which some studies have found to be more accurate than BMI is waist-to-hip ratio.
Unlike body mass index (BMI), which calculates the ratio of your weight to your height, waist-to-hip ratio takes into account the differences in body structure. So the very fit football lineman who might have a BMI rating of obese, may have a much healthier WHR rating. WHR measures the ratio of your waist circumference to your hip circumference. It determines how much fat is stored on your waist, hips, and buttocks.
Previous: Body Fat Distribution
Next: How to Measure Body Composition


In every business, there is a need to put your best foot forward. This can be achieved when you decide to start with fresh parking lot striping. A better impression will be given to your customer if you paint it fresh. Other issues will be caused by a parking lot that has faded, have cracked lines, potholes because these problems are not only an eyesore. You should make sure that your customers park their cars with ease or locate your car park without confusion. Joint sealing Baton Rouge will be achieved if only you maintain your parking lot on a regular basis. Your visitors will be able to navigate your car park easily if your parking lot striping is clear. You should also make your car park have a well-planned spacing because it increases the size of your car park.
Some specific laws that are set by the local regulations will have to be met in every car park. The disabled drivers should have space in your car park because this is one of the codes. The number of spaces you need depends on the location and size of your car park. The designated space needs to be marked clearly, and even space needs to be broadened. The wheelchairs or other mobility devices that the disabled users will be removed if you broaden that space. Specific painting and marked fire lanes area also some of the necessary codes that need to be included. Sometimes a car park might be shared by several businesses, and if this happens, specific sports are designated in front of doors.
You may leave free areas and mark them to be used for only a few minutes if your car park is busy. There will be flow in traffic if you put these marks in your car park that is near restaurants or movie theatres. Stencil paints might be used and then border them with different colors so that drivers may see them clearly. Motorist will be able to distinguish it from others if you do that. Proper parking lot striping is an important safety tool because you will avoid collisions, slip and falls in your car parks.
Direction arrows should be clear, and also you should keep the paint fresh because this will improve the traffic flow. Repairing the whole car park should be done if it is damaged completely. Large holes and cracks are dangerous because they won't damage the cars only, people might fall and hurt themselves. People might sue you if this happens in your car park. Other issues that are overlooked are like smashed chocks. Chocks are those bumpers that are located between spaces or in the front of sidewalks to prevent vehicles from moving too far. Get pressure washing Baton Rouge service here!


text:
Why the African Union needs to revisit its admission criteria
April 5, 2017 10.54am EDT
Babatunde Fagbayibo, University of South Africa
Babatunde Fagbayibo
Associate Professor of International Law, University of South Africa
Babatunde Fagbayibo receives funding from the South African National Research Foundation (NRF).
University of South Africa provides funding as a partner of The Conversation AFRICA.
King Mohammed VI of Morocco (right) arrives at the 28th African Union session. Tiksa Negeri/Reuters
Morocco's admission to the African Union (AU) was a mistake. In one move, the AU squandered a chance to discourage the north African state's aggression against Western Sahara. It also showed how the body struggles to enforce the implementation of its own standards and directives.
Morocco easily met the AU's admission criteria. It's geographically located within Africa and was voted in by more than a simple majority.
These are soft requirements, and they are a problem. The AU doesn't make any real effort to determine whether applicants are genuine democracies before it admits them. No steps are taken to ascertain that an applicant state has the capacity to implement democratic policies and norms.
This isn't the first time the AU has admitted a country to its ranks without due diligence. It took a mere 18 days from South Sudan's independence to its admission into the AU. At the time South Sudan lacked even the most rudimentary physical and human infrastructure to implement AU rules. It has since become a burden to the union.
It's time for the AU to look beyond geography and a simple majority vote. It must start demanding strict adherence to fundamental democratic values.
Morocco's smooth ride
From the time Morocco submitted its application until its formal admission, the question of Western Sahara was swept aside.
The African Union has a poor disciplinary track-record. So there's no guarantee that it will take any serious action against Morocco - beyond its ineffective suspension procedure - if it intensifies its aggression against Western Sahara.
The issue of Western Sahara aside, the AU has made no effort to assess the ability of Morocco's domestic institutions to implement the union's democratic and economic policies. Had the AU subjected Morocco to a proper due diligence exercise, it would have found that its occupation of Western Sahara violates the principles stipulated in articles 3 & 4 of the AU's Constitutive Act which are territorial integrity, respect of borders, and non-interference in the internal affairs of a member state.
In addition, the AU would have found that the Moroccan government is notorious for forcing dissidents serve long prison terms after unfair trials for purely political reasons.
The consequences of lax admission rules
The failure to consider democratic values as part of the AU's admission process continues to have a number of negative effects. The absence of strict pre-conditions for membership has made it difficult for the union to manage errant behaviour among member states.
Member states not only routinely disregard the AU's basic democratic norms, they have also refused to agree on a common understanding of these norms.
Even in cases where AU organs have recommended sanctions for serious violations of human rights, as in the case of Burundi, some member states refused to vote in favour of collective military intervention.
Member states have shown a reluctance to strengthen the democratic functions of the AU. And, there's no common position on how to move the union beyond the rhetorical plane.
With a strict pre-admission process, issues of compliance with AU rules and regulations could be easily determined, and the necessary measures to address violations adapted.
Which way forward?
It's not naive or idealistic to suggest that the AU needs stricter admission criteria. The union has strong democratic foundations which are espoused in the Constitutive Act.
These were the democratic values championed by African states as the union transitioned from the Organisation of African Unity in the year 2000.
That little attention has been paid to upholding the continental organisation's democratic ethos remains one of the key drawbacks of the AU.
It missed the opportunity to push its democratic agenda during the processes that admitted first South Sudan and then Morocco. Thankfully, the AU can still redress this position by amending its Constitutive Act for future applications.
I am proposing a fourth condition for admission: the strict adherence to democratic norms as stipulated in articles 3 & 4 of the Constitutive Act.
The prospect of enlarging the AU to include the African Diaspora presents the union with an opportunity to enforce a stricter admission process. Haiti is likely to apply again for AU membership and if it's admitted this could open the door for other countries in the Caribbean and Latin America.
If this happens, then the AU should subject each applicant state to a process that assesses its ability and willingness to comply with the union's democratic norms, the likely obstacles to that compliance, and the feasibility of assisting the applicant state to redress its democratic shortfalls.
That could ideally be done through a strengthened African Peer Review Mechanism. Such process should be tailored to assess the political and economic readiness of an applying state to fulfil AU obligations.
King Mohammed VI of Morocco, (L) walks with Ethiopia's Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn. Reuters/Tiksa Negeri
Morocco reaps rewards of major changes in its diplomatic strategy
Morocco's return to the African Union raises questions about the body's continued commitment to anti-colonialism and its pan-Africanism.
Morocco's membership of the AU: has unity finally been achieved?
Graves of unidentified people killed during fighting in Juba, South Sudan, in 2016. There are fears the country could descend into genocide. Reuters/Adriane Ohanesian
South Sudan: why the international community needs to act urgently
Among friends: Omar al-Bashir at the AU summit. EPA/Kim Ludbrook
Al-Bashir's escape: why the African Union defies the ICC


text:
Net Worth Paul Zimmerman
Paul Zimmerman
Paul Zimmerman's source of wealth comes from being a journalist. How much money is Paul Zimmerman worth at the age of 89 and what's his real net worth now?
As of 2022, Paul Zimmerman's net worth is under review.
Paul Zimmerman (born October 23, 1932) is famous for being journalist. He currently resides in Pennsylvania. American football sportswriter known by the nickname Dr. Z who wrote for Sports Illustrated and their accompanying website beginning in 1979. He served on the 44-member Pro Football Hall of Fame selection committee.
October 23, 1932 (age 89)
Paul Zimmerman is a Scorpio and was born in The Year of the Monkey
Paul Zimmerman was born in Pennsylvania on Sunday, October 23, 1932 (Silent Generation generation). He is 89 years old and is a Scorpio. He authored works called The Thinking Man's Guide to Pro Football, Football Lingo, The Linebackers, The Last Season of Weeb Ewbank, and Duane Thomas and the Fall of America's Team.
He played college football at Stanford and Columbia. He also played offensive lineman while stationed in Germany for the US Army. His journalism career took him from New York Journal-American and the New York World-Telegram and Sun to the New York Post before settling with SI. Education details are not available at this time. Please check back soon for updates. Paul Zimmerman is a member of Richest Celebrities and Journalists.
Paul is turning 90 years old in
He correctly predicted that the undefeated Tom Brady and Randy Moss -led New England Patriots would fall to the New York Giants in Super Bowl XLII.
Paul Zimmerman fans also viewed
Carl Azuz
Kevin O'Connor
Tom Flynn
Stephen Mitchell
Paul Zimmerman's net worth
Online estimates of Paul Zimmerman's net worth vary. While it's relatively simple to predict his income, it's harder to know how much Paul has spent over the years.
Continue to the next page to see Paul Zimmerman net worth, estimated salary and earnings.


Image Title: Grey Bar Stools Within Stool Sunbeam Vintage Decor 8. Filename: grey-bar-stools-within-stool-sunbeam-vintage-decor-8.jpg. Image Dimension: 498 x 498 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Timothy Haag. Uploaded Date: Saturday - May 05th. 2018 12:27:16 PM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: bhg.com.
Tap The Thumbnail Bellow to See Related Gallery of "Grey Bar Stools Within Stool Sunbeam Vintage Decor 8"


The Soda Shop Message Boards • View topic - Favorite Odyssey Couple?
Post subject: Re: Favorite Odyssey Couple?
There was some spark in The Champ of the Camp but I don't think I have ever pictured Eugene and Connie together.
I really want them to develop a realationship for Jason. I don't see it being Tasha, but they should bring someone new in. Not a replica of Jason though, but someone who genuinely is perfect for him. Some of the relationships in odyssey seem too perfect. Katrina and Eugene are a good couple don't get me wrong, but a couple doesn't have to be clones in order to love each other.
I personally like the scenes we've heard between whit and Jenny. They've done a great job in relaying their love story.
Now, Connie and Jason... that would be be exciting!
But I do want to see some future relationships! Such as Connie and Jason... Not necessarily them as a couple (though that would work too!), but they ain't getting any younger, and they need (or I need! lol) something!
No more Connie and Jason! BOO!
Baron, you are a sweetheart.
My OTP will always be Jack and Joanne. No couple can compare.
What's this? A favorite ships thread I haven't posted in...?
Also, Trent DeWhite is bae. Who wouldn't wanna date this nerd?
Mmhm...their relationship is so pure and genuine, it's easy to see how they care for each other, even in their awkward teenage ways.
Though I wouldn't want to date Trent. Only since our personalities are too similar and he belongs to Mandy.
I secretly have a huge crush on Trent. It's a shame he's spoken for because we would be great together.
OMG YES! I did not have a crush on him but my sister did! Lol!
Edwin Blackguard and mayor Margaret Fay. I mean they were only together as a joke but... It was pretty funny! And I guess it was not even real! It was in Bernards story so... I guess it is not a real couple.
Blackgaard and Mayor Faye was a good and hilarious match, you are right!
MANDY AND RODNEY. I just listened to Changing Rodney and I think it'd be cute. xP I mean, nerd and bully, perfect, no?
Honey-no. I would regurgitate, he doesn't have enough empathy or barely a conscience. She doesn't deserve that. It sounds mean, really though. A friendship maybe, please knock the Modney ship off the table. He can have Donna. She's more outspoken and sarcastic.
I was the one who attacked TigerShadow. Bules forever!
Buck and Olivia, hm, that I can imagine.


You have access to a personal stylist to help you define your style. We will style new looks from what is already in your closet or from our personal shopping trip (not incl.) You just need someone to come in and help you put a complete look together, we can do it.
How many times have dreaded going to the mall? A personal shopping day with a personal stylist tailored to your budget, body shape and lifestyle needs. Dinjii Styling Co. provides a great shopping experience free from stress. We select the most appropriate stores based on your liking and budget.
Whether we shop together or we go along on your behalf, we are at your service.
A consultation with your personal stylist beforehand on what you want to achieve.
Selection of a range of different styles best suited to you and your body type.
Your personal stylist will find you clothing and accessories that you can mix and match.
Style tips on what shapes, styles and colors work well for your entire look and advice that will last you a lifetime.
Enjoy an in-home session to assess your needs and get rid of those pieces that you no longer wear and are tired of looking at. During this closet purge, we will go through each piece of clothing in your wardrobe and determine where it belongs. You will learn what looks great on you and what works for your body type. While this purge is going on, your closet will be organized for easier dressing. Less is more.
Getting ready for a photo shoot? Or do you have a wedding coming up? Take advantage of our exclusive services for these various needs. Dinjii can help you make your photo shoot or wedding day spectacular or advance your career. We provide on-set styling to make sure the entire look is picture perfect or performance ready.
Artist Development/Branding makes all the difference when it comes to TV, photo shoots and performances. Styling for such things calls for the experts. An initial meeting is set up to understand the point of view expected for the final output. A strategy is put into place with the collaboration of all of the creative team to achieve the amazing branding/development of the client.
Perhaps you are interested in having a Style Expert speak at your next event. This event included a developed and engaging presentation full of content to meet client's specific needs.
The most frequent, popular topics in the past few years include "Appropriate Corporate Attire", "Dress for Success", "Thrifting and Styling" and "New Trends".
We are also available to host TV fashion segments, fashion shows, shopping events, be a panel expert and other fashion related events.
Have you ever wanted to start your own business, but didn't know where to start? Wanted to open your own clothing boutique or styling business, but have no clue about the industry. We offer a 3-month program to help you develop your business ideas and strategy plans to achieve your entrepreneurial dreams.
In-person interactive time to come up with solutions to create the business that you want.
Get your own styling advice with a profession wardrobe stylist from the comfort of your own home. All you need is a smartphone and/or Skype. This is perfect for the individual who wants an expert eye to help them for a special event, job interview, photo shoot or date night.
We will organize our Skype call to serve your specific needs. An agenda and priorities will be sent to you, prior to the virtual appointment. Online Stylist appointments typically are 1-2 hours.


Well, my niece was killed Sunday morning. She was 19 years old and would have turned 20 this Thursday. She had been in a long fight with drugs and prostitution.
She had just got out of jail 3 weeks ago and was living in a house with her boyfriend but, her dad, my brother in law thought he was her pimp. She would never admit it and my sister, who is her step mom and my brother in law hadn't heard from her since she went to jail in January. She lived in Michigan and my sister lives in Montana. My sister had been trying to get her to move to Montana with them so, she could get her life together for herself and her 1 year old baby. She refused and when the baby was 2 months old DfAC's took her. After this Emily, my niece, fell deeper into drugs and this is when we think she started prostituting herself.
On Sunday morning, a fire was set in her house. Her boyfriend got out and nobody else was their but, Emily did not get out. The fire is ruled as suspicious and so, is her death. They had to do a DNA test to confirm identity and are doing an autopsy to find out her cause of death.
Her boyfriend told police that she had angered a john and he threatened to kill her but, said john is no where to be found. Her boyfriend also, said that when he smelled the smoke he felt for her on the bed and she wasn't there so, he just left the house. I find this hard to believe and feel that they killed her.
I was not too close to Emily. She was my step niece and was not around too much. She lived with my sister from the age of 10 until about 14. After that, she went to live with her mom in Michigan. So, we never really seen her.
I am upset for my sister, she loved that baby like her daughter and now, she has to tell her goodbye. My sister is having a hard time with her husband. It really hasn't hit him that his only child is gone and she is worried about what will happen when it hits him. He had a problem with drugs but, has been clean for 3 years and she is scared this will make him slide. Also, he refuses to go to Michigan to the memorial service. He said that he is scared of what he will do to her "friends" when h3e gets there. I told her that who ever took Em's life will pay for what he/ she did but, he doesn't need to let them take his life also. They are not worth goign to prison for, this is why he won't go. I am worried about him, he will regret not going in a few years and that will eat away at him.
My sister is distraught and I don't know what to say to her, I can't go because, I don't have the funds to go all the way to Michigan. I hate it and I wish I could do something but, I do not know what to do. As I said, I wasnt too close to her but, I did know her and I cared for her alot.
I ask of your prayers for her soul, my sister, her husband, and Em's baby girl. Also, please pray that the police find out who did this and this person pays for what they did.
Oh, what a tragic story! I think it might be better for your BIL to avoid the memorial service if he feel that anxious about being able to handle it. Better to stay home and find another way to remember Emily that will be better for him, and maybe more personal. I wish all of you the strength to get through this difficult time, and I hope for a speedy resolution to the criminal case.
How sad. I will definetly keep them in my prayers and I hope the truth comes out.
This is horrible. I'm so for your family's loss. My prayers definitely go out to all the above.


text:
Dioptrijska ploha ili dioptar  je granična ploha između dvaju optičkih sredstava, na primjer zraka i stakla, na kojoj se događaju refleksija ili refrakcija svjetlosti. Ravni dioptar je granična ploha u obliku ravnine, a sferni dioptar je granična ploha u obliku kugle (sfere).

Vrste optičkih leća

Optička leća je providno staklo omeđeno s dvjema kuglinim plohama. Takva ploha koja odjeljuje dva sredstva različitog indeksa loma, na primjer zraka i stakla, zove se dioptrijska ploha ili dioptar. Pravac koji spaja središta zakrivljenosti obiju ploha zove se optička os leće. Dakle, optička os leće je pravac koji se podudara s osi simetrije leće i prolazi kroz središte zakrivljenosti. Leća koja je u sredini deblja nego s ruba zove se sabirna leća, a leća koja je u sredini tanja nego s ruba, zove se rastresna leća.

Refleksija

Refleksija (kasnolat. reflexio: odbijanje) ili refleksija valova (odbijanje valova), u fizici, je odbijanje ravnih valova na graničnoj površini dvaju sredstava (medija). Ako je granična ploha glatka, to jest neravnine su prema valnoj duljini λ zanemarive, nastaje takozvana regularna refleksija, kod koje je upadni kut valova jednak kutu refleksije; u suprotnom slučaju nastaje difuzna refleksija: valovi se reflektiraju u svim smjerovima. Omjer reflektirane i upadne energije naziva se koeficijentom refleksije. Ako je taj koeficijent ovisan o valnoj duljini upadnih valova, nastaje selektivna refleksija. Kada ravni val prelazi iz gušćega sredstva u rjeđe, reflektirani je val u fazi s upadnim valom. U obrnutom slučaju reflektirani je val za π/2 (λ/4) pomaknut u fazi prema upadnomu valu. Upadni i reflektirani val daju interferencijom stojni val. Refleksijom elastičnoga transverzalnoga vala dobiva se transverzalni i longitudinalni reflektirani val. Longitudinalnoga reflektiranog vala nema ako je titranje upadnoga transverzalnog vala okomito na ravninu upada.

Refrakcija

Refrakcija (srednjovj. lat. refractio, prema lat. refractus: slomljen) ili lom svjetlosti je skretanje svjetlosnih zraka ili zraka drugog elektromagnetskoga zračenja pri prijelazu iz jednoga sredstva u drugo zbog razlike u brzini širenja valova u različitim sredstvima. Pojam se može odnositi i na valove zvuka. Zakoni su refrakcije:
 upadna zraka, lomljena zraka i okomica na granicu sredstava leže u istoj ravnini;
 Snelliusov zakon:

ili

pri čemu su: θ1 - kut upadne zrake svjetlosti, θ2 - kut loma, v1 i v2 brzine vala, a n1 i n2 odgovarajući indeksi loma sredstva iz kojega zrake dolaze i sredstva u koje ulaze.

Ako zrake dolaze iz optički gušćega u optički rjeđe sredstvo, postoji granični kut upadne zrake za koji još vrijedi Snelliusov zakon (odbijanje valova ili refleksija). Kod kutova većih od graničnoga događa se totalna refleksija.

Izvori

Optika


Today's high density fibre patch panels make inspection a challenge. Finding the cable or port to test can be difficult, especially in the low light conditions found in most data centres and comms rooms.
Dirty fibre optic endfaces are the major cause of problems in singlemode and multimode fibre optic systems. The FI-500 FiberInspector™ Micro is designed to simplify the inspection process, removing the hassle associated with inspecting fibre end faces, especially in low light and high cable density situations. It is very simple to use: Simply plug the cable into the FI-500 and touch the AF button. Within seconds, the fibre endface comes into sharp, clear view. If you're working in a difficult to reach place or you can't get the image to stand still, just touch the pause button to freeze the image.
The FI-500 FiberInspector Micro fills the gap between a manual scope and a fully automated inspection scope. Manual fibre inspection scopes are simple to use, but they don't work well on patch panels or situations where there is a high density of fibre. Holding it up to one eye and closing your other eye is often inconvenient or impractical, especially in a dark room. On the other hand, fully automatic inspection scopes analyse and grade the cleanliness of fibre connections which is important for many applications, but analysis is usually not needed for quick basic troubleshooting. The FI-500 has the simplicity and practicality of a manual inspection scope, but with advanced features to reduce troubleshooting and inspection time.


text:
Arms Control in Transition
DOI link for Arms Control in Transition
Arms Control in Transition book
Proceedings of the Livermore Arms Control Conference
Edited ByWarren Heckrotte, George C. Smith
Subjects Politics & International Relations
Heckrotte, W., & Smith, G.C. (Eds.). (1983). Arms Control in Transition: Proceedings of the Livermore Arms Control Conference (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429049156
In addition to its efforts to provide the best in nuclear weapons technology, the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has devoted much attention to the question of how to provide effective control of nuclear weapons. One consequence of this concern was a conference held at the Laboratory to examine policies and negotiating goals in five major areas of arms control: strategic arms limitations talks (SALT), long-range theater nuclear forces (LRTNF) restraints in Europe, nuclear weapons test limitations, arms control in space, and non-proliferation policies. The participants focused on desirable long-term goals and criteria for successful policies, realistic estimates of how closely such goals and policies can be achieved, and concrete steps that could be taken toward these goals in the immediate future. None of the conference speakers saw an easy time ahead: the complexities and difficulties of arms control measures, both technical and political, were emphasized more than once. There was general agreement that SALT and LRTNF negotiations should be pursued; there was also a sharp and clear division on the desirability of a comprehensive nuclear weapons test ban, although it was agreed that a ban at this time is not propitious. Despite differences of emphasis, particularly over the future role of nuclear energy, there was substantial agreement in the approach to the elements of future policy. In the closing round table discussion, a prescription emerged for the formulation of arms control policy within the government.
Arms Control at the End of 1980
The Next Steps for Salt
Theater Nuclear Force Restraints
Nuclear Weapon Test Bans
Arms Control in Space
Non-Proliferation Policies
On the Pursuit of International Security


Before going to your interview, you want to make sure that your skills are sharp and you're prepared. First impressions are important, and it's crucial that you stand out among the other individuals who are interested in the position.
Check out some tips for interviewing for internships.
Have a solid résumé and cover letter.
The company you're interviewing with will want to know about you, experiences you've had in the past and what you can bring to the table. Make sure that your résumé and cover letter reflect who you are, what positions you've held in the past, any involvement you've had with your university and achievements or awards you've won.
As a college student, you may not have held many jobs before, but even including small jobs such as working at an ice cream shop or a restaurant will let the employer know that you were responsible enough to hold a job for a period of time.
To create a winning résumé and cover letter that will get you noticed, visit the Center for Student Professional Development at DelVal.
Have a good understanding of what the company you're interviewing with does. Learn about their services and their clients. Comb through their website and review their social media outlets.
The interviewer will want to know that you've done your research. It will show them that you're very interested in the company and the position.
This will also give you the opportunity to come up with questions about the company. The interviewer will ask if you have any question for him or her, so make sure that you have a few that aren't clear when you're browsing through their sites. For example, you may want to ask for more information about the position that you're interviewing for and what a day in the life is like.
Discuss how your school and extracurricular skills are applicable.
While you may not have held positions in the workforce, it's likely that you have acquired many valuable skills through your education.
If you're interviewing for a position that is closely related to your major, discuss your course work and any large projects you completed that taught you a lot about the industry.
Being involved in extracurricular activities also looks good to potential employers, as it shows responsibility and leaderships skills.
Make sure that your attire is professional. Wear a suit or a nice blouse and dress pants. It's always better to be more formal than casual. Represent yourself well with a put-together appearance.
Remember to be confident during your interview. Sell yourself without being too self-centered. Tell the interviewer just why you'd be such a good fit for the position. Visit DelVal's Center for Student Professional Development for interview preparation and other helpful information.
Click here to check out DelVal's blog.


text:
// ======================================================================
/*!
 * \file
 * \brief Regression tests for class NFmiSvgPath
 */
// ======================================================================

#include "NFmiPoint.h"
#include "NFmiSvgPath.h"
#include <regression/tframe.h>
#include <cmath>
#include <sstream>

//! Protection against conflicts with global functions
namespace NFmiSvgPathTest
{
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * Test the size() method
 */
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

void size(void)
{
  using namespace std;

  NFmiSvgPath path;

  if (path.size() != 0)
    TEST_FAILED("Path size after construction must be 0");

  path.push_back(NFmiSvgPath::value_type(NFmiSvgPath::kElementMoveto, 0, 0));
  if (path.size() != 1)
    TEST_FAILED("Path size after 1 push_back must be 1");

  path.push_back(NFmiSvgPath::value_type(NFmiSvgPath::kElementMoveto, 0, 0));
  if (path.size() != 2)
    TEST_FAILED("Path size after 2 push_backs must be 2");

  path.clear();
  if (path.size() != 0)
    TEST_FAILED("Path size after clear() must be 0");

  TEST_PASSED();
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * Test the empty() method
 */
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

void empty(void)
{
  using namespace std;

  NFmiSvgPath path;

  if (!path.empty())
    TEST_FAILED("Path must be empty after construction");

  path.push_back(NFmiSvgPath::value_type(NFmiSvgPath::kElementMoveto, 0, 0));
  if (path.empty())
    TEST_FAILED("Path must not be empty after push_back()");

  path.clear();
  if (!path.empty())
    TEST_FAILED("Path must be empty after clear()");

  TEST_PASSED();
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * Test the front() and back() methods
 */
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

void front_and_back(void)
{
  using namespace std;

  NFmiSvgPath path;

  NFmiSvgPath::value_type elem1(NFmiSvgPath::kElementMoveto, 0, 0);
  NFmiSvgPath::value_type elem2(NFmiSvgPath::kElementLineto, 0, 0);

  path.push_back(elem1);
  path.push_back(elem2);

  if (path.front().itsType != elem1.itsType || path.front().itsX != elem1.itsX ||
      path.front().itsY != elem1.itsY)
    TEST_FAILED("front() failed");

  if (path.back().itsType != elem2.itsType || path.back().itsX != elem2.itsX ||
      path.back().itsY != elem2.itsY)
    TEST_FAILED("back() failed");

  TEST_PASSED();
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * Test the iterators
 */
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

void iter(void)
{
  using namespace std;

  NFmiSvgPath path;
  NFmiSvgPath::value_type elem1(NFmiSvgPath::kElementMoveto, 0, 0);

  if (path.begin() != path.end())
    TEST_FAILED("begin() and end() must be equal for empty paths");

  path.push_back(elem1);

  NFmiSvgPath::const_iterator it1 = path.begin();
  NFmiSvgPath::const_iterator it2 = path.end();

  if (++it1 != it2)
    TEST_FAILED("++begin() and end() must be equal for one element");

  if (--it1 != --it2)
    TEST_FAILED("begin() and --end() must be equal for one element");

  path.begin()->itsX = 1;
  if (path.front().itsX != 1)
    TEST_FAILED("Failed to modify iterated element");

  TEST_PASSED();
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * Test the Read() and Write() methods
 */
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

void read_and_write(void)
{
  using namespace std;

  string path1 = "\"M 0 1 L 1 2\"";
  string path2 = "\"M0 1 1 2\"";
  string path3 = "\"m0 1 1 1\"";
  string path4 = "\"M0,1 1,2\"";
  string path5 = "\"M0,1,1,2\"";

  {
    NFmiSvgPath path;
    istringstream in(path1);
    path.Read(in);

    if (path.size() != 2 || path.front().itsType != NFmiSvgPath::kElementMoveto ||
        path.front().itsX != 0 || path.front().itsY != 1 ||
        path.back().itsType != NFmiSvgPath::kElementLineto || path.back().itsX != 1 ||
        path.back().itsY != 2)
      TEST_FAILED("Failed to read M 0 1 L 1 2");

    ostringstream out;
    path.Write(out);
    if (out.str() != path1)
      TEST_FAILED("Failed to write M 0 1 L 1 2");
  }

  {
    NFmiSvgPath path;
    istringstream in(path2);
    path.Read(in);
    ostringstream out;
    path.Write(out);
    if (out.str() != path1)
      TEST_FAILED("Failed to read M0 1 1 2");
  }

  {
    NFmiSvgPath path;
    istringstream in(path3);
    path.Read(in);
    ostringstream out;
    path.Write(out);
    if (out.str() != path1)
      TEST_FAILED("Failed to read m0 1 1 1");
  }

  {
    NFmiSvgPath path;
    istringstream in(path4);
    path.Read(in);
    ostringstream out;
    path.Write(out);
    if (out.str() != path1)
      TEST_FAILED("Failed to read M0,1 1,2");
  }

  {
    NFmiSvgPath path;
    istringstream in(path5);
    path.Read(in);
    ostringstream out;
    path.Write(out);
    if (out.str() != path1)
      TEST_FAILED("Failed to read M0,1,1,2");
  }

  TEST_PASSED();
}

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------
/*!
 * The actual test suite
 */
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------

class tests : public tframe::tests
{
  virtual const char* error_message_prefix() const { return "\n\t"; }
  void test(void)
  {
    TEST(size);
    TEST(empty);
    TEST(front_and_back);
    TEST(iter);
    TEST(read_and_write);
  }
};

}  // namespace NFmiSvgPathTest

//! The main program
int main(void)
{
  using namespace std;
  cout << endl << "NFmiSvgPath tester" << endl << "===================" << endl;
  NFmiSvgPathTest::tests t;
  return t.run();
}

// ======================================================================

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Vahidli è un comune dell'Azerbaigian situato nel distretto di Tovuz. Conta una popolazione di 1.074 abitanti.

Collegamenti esterni
Vahidli su GEOnet Names Server

Comuni del distretto di Tovuz


text:
Q: Powershell - Calling Function From Another Function In Powers shell V4 is it okay to call a function from another function? I'm I doing something that is bad practice if I do it that way?
Assume I have these two functions:
  function secondFunction($username){
         Write-Out "The Next Step is...."
    }

 function myFunction($username){
  Write-Output Welcome $username
  secondFunction($userName)
}

Is the above code okay to do? What are the disadvantages of doing so?

A: The PowerShell ideal, that is to say the way that your functions should exist is to be their own islands.  They can be built off of calling an infinite number of cmdlets, and run a number of lines of code, but for simplicity and supportability sake, they should stand alone.
Is it possible for you to attack this a different way, so that you can have a single pipe-line which achieves the same result, something like:
myFunction (outputs an object $username with props) | secondFunction (accepts pipeline input and does the second step)

This would be a lot easier to understand for most people to troubleshoot and support once you're done with these tools.
That being said, it's not violating a cardinal rule that I know of to call a function from within your funciton, but I would recommend being explicit about this in the help for your functions if you have to go this route.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: stack.peek() method- Java public class Coordinate{

private Integer row;
private Integer column;

public Coordinate(Integer row, Integer column){
    this.row = row;
    this.column = column;
}

public void setRow(Integer row){
    this.row = row;
}

public void setColumn(Integer column){
    this.column = column;
}

public Integer getRow(){
    return row;
}

public Integer getColumn(){
    return column;
}

public String toString(){
    return "<" + row.toString() + "," + column.toString() + ">";
}
}

ok so i have this coordinate class and i have some of them pushed onto a stack. now what i want to do is peek() at one of them and be able to use the getRow and getColumn method at the one i peek at. How do i do this? The problem i am having is i am creating a new instance of Coordinate and then assigning stack.peek() to it and then using the methods on it but that not working. Confused

A: Coordinate c = new Coordinate(1,2);
Stack<Coordinate> s = new Stack<Coordinate>();
s.push(c);
System.out.println(s.peek());

Coordinate c2 = (Coordinate)s.pop();
System.out.println(c2);
System.out.println(c2.getRow());

Here's a tip though, don't use java.util.Stack. Its from the original collections library which wasn't very good.
edit modified to represent the cast, which is what it sounds like you need in this case. Note c and c2 will point to the same object.

A: It looks like you might have to cast the result of stack.peek() to your Coordinate class. Something like System.out.println(((Coordinate)mazeStack.peek()).getRow()); might be what you are looking for.


'The Conners' is replacing the canceled 'Roseanne' show without Roseanne Barr.
The "Roseanne" spinoff that was canceled last month is returning to primetime without Roseanne Barr, according to Variety on Thursday, June 21. The show will be called "The Conners" because it will still be based on that family with the exception of the matriarch.
USA Today reported that this is a win for ABC because it was the network's No. 1 show at the time it was canceled. Besides, it had already been renewed for a second season with 13 episodes.
The original cast members -- including John Goodman, Laurie Metcalf, Sara Gilbert, Lecy Goranson and Michael Fishman -- are expected to return.
Roseanne was involved in the show coming back on the air. However, she will receive no financial benefit, as she had in the original show and the spinoff. Roseanne agreed to step away from any involvement so the 200 cast and crew could get their jobs back. She had been credited for being the creator of the Roseanne Conner character that the whole series was centered around.
ABC has agreed to 10 episodes with the same themes as the previous shows. This number of episodes is three fewer than had been given to the canceled "Roseanne" show.
That's because the show is already behind schedule. When the show was canceled on May 29, it was the same day writers were ready to begin writing for the next season. Now they have to change their entire strategy to deal with Roseanne's absence from the show in a positive way. As of now, it is not known how the previous main character will be written off the show. The Conners can't go on without some mention of her in the storyline.
"The Conners" will debut this fall on Tuesdays at 8 PM on ABC.
That was the time the "Roseanne" show had occupied before it was abruptly canceled after Roseanne tweeted a racist statement about Barack Obama's former aide, Valerie Jarrett. The premiere of "The Conners" has not been revealed yet, but it will be behind other fall shows because of the time away from production during the last few weeks.
The spinoff will continue with modern-day topics that viewers can identify with.
Those contemporary issues are the same ones that made the former "Roseanne" show popular when it first started exactly 30 years ago in 1988 and again with the short-lived spinoff. Now that Roseanne Barr will not be there, USA Today says it will be a good opportunity for Sara Gilbert to take the lead on the show in her role as Darlene.


2107087 Mens_Jeff_Gordon_The_Game_Black_USA_Shield_T-Shirt http://images.fanatics.com/lf http://dmimages.ff.p10/chains/2107087.txt false We are unable to customize this item with the text you have entered. Please try a different entry again. Your current entry cannot be processed due to guidelines for past and present player names. Please create a new entry.
Patriotically showcase your love for Jeff Gordon with this USA Shield T-shirt from The Game. This tee is the perfect way to inspire your favorite driver at the next race.