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The Paint Researcher
Historic Paint Research
A brief review of 2014
January 30, 2015 February 3, 2015 paintresearcher
2014 was a very busy year, with many interesting and diverse projects. Here's a quick review:
Heritage Cottage, Glamorgan
Heritage Cottage, Cymdare, Glamorgan
'Heritage Cottage', Cwmdare, is a typical 19th century miner's cottage of the south Wales valleys. The cottage, which was built c.1854, was purchased by Cadw in 2012, and is a rare surviving example of an unmodernised terraced house. The cottage is to be used to identify cost-effective, energy-efficient measures that can be undertaken to promote sustainability and retain essential character of traditional buildings.
KMPR undertook architectural paint research, recording and paint consultancy to the interiors and exterior of Heritage Cottage. Architectural paint research focused not only on the physical decorative history of the cottage, but also contributed to the understanding of the social history of the 19th century miner's home. Reporting included recommendations for conservation and restoration, as well as a review of environmental credentials of paint systems and implications for use in traditional buildings. Find out more about this complex project here http://cadw.wales.gov.uk/about/partnershipsandprojects/projectsfundedcadw/Heritage-Cottage/?lang=en
Audley End House, Essex
Exterior view of Audley End House, Essex
We have been on site throughout the year at this magnificent Jacobean Mansion. Our work for English Heritage has included analysis of coatings applied to external masonry in order to information conservation treatments, and pigment analysis and colour matching for decorative wallpapers from the interiors.
The Malt Cross, Nottingham
The Malt Cross, Nottingham: Elevation showing the extent of Victorian marbling with the music hall
The Malt Cross, Nottingham, is one of the few surviving music halls in the UK. The gluelam roof of the Malt Cross makes this a unique building among music halls.
A detailed programme of research revealed that the interiors of the music hall were originally painted to resemble marble. This technique, which requires the finish to be built up over a series of washes and glazes, was applied extensively throughout the building. We worked with the client to devise an appropriate scheme of redecoration, inspired by the paint research findings, for this working live music venue and community hub. Find out more about this amazing building here http://heritage.maltcross.com/timeline
Tamworth Assembly Rooms
Tamworth Assembly Room: Elevation of scheme 1.
Elevation drawing supplied by Rodney Melville Architects, based on survey drawings prepared by Greenhatch Group. Colour applied by Karen Morrissey Paint Research
Tamworth Assembly Room was built by public subscription in the 19th century, and remains a key venue within the town of Tamworth today.
KMPR undertook architectural paint research to Assembly Rooms to inform a restoration/ redecoration strategy. Research included:
Archive research
Cross section analysis of samples to provide a detailed insight into the decorative history of the site
In situ layering tests to reveal 19th century decoration
Photographic and diagrammatic (to scale) Recording of historic decoration
What is Historic Paint Research?
January 29, 2015 January 30, 2015 paintresearcher
Detailed assessment and recording of accumulated layers of paint allows us to interpret changing use of colour and materials, enhancing our understanding of how our architectural heritage looked, how it was used and how shifting fashions, ownership and financial means contributed to the narrative of a site. Our choice in decoration, like those of our ancestors, tells a great deal about function, taste, personality, fashion, social standing and wealth.
Architectural paint research involves meticulous analysis of archival documentation, building pathology and paint archaeology to create a detailed history of more than just colour.
The scope of a research project is dictated by the project requirements, but generally includes:
Archive information can provide significant insight to the paint researcher and should not be overlooked; understanding the development of the site can reduce the time required in understanding the paint archaeology, and allows a more thorough and detailed interpretation of the decorative history.
Identification of sample sites
Samples are generally taken from each profile element of the architecture. The reason for this is to establish the presence of any picking out to various elements. If the schemes are to be accurately investigated, understood, recorded and recreated then this is essential.
Collection of samples
It requires experience and skill to identify the best locations for samples. The samples are collected and recorded.
Cross section analysis
Samples are embedded in clear casting resin and polished to provide a cross-section through the paint strata. The samples are assessed under visible-range and UV light illumination.
Stratigraphic sequencing
The paint archaeology is plotted in a matrix to illustrate the chronology of decoration. The resulting table provides an easily accessible reference and is a useful project tool.
Pigment and binder analysis
Knowledge of pigment types can play an important role in dating paint schemes. For example, the presence of white pigments lead carbonate, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide allow paint films to be considered within certain periods of time.
Understanding the type of paint binder is also important, especially where failure or incompatibility issues may arise.
In-situ investigation and recording of paint archaeology
In situ recording and investigation, referred to as uncovering or layering tests, will involve the photographic recording of extant finishes, as well as careful removal of overpaint, scheme by scheme, to allow colour matching to be undertaken.
Review of treatment options
The concluding documentation should consider the significance of the paint schemes and appropriate treatment options.
Colour matching
Historic paint films are often discoloured through deterioration of the pigments and binder, as well as through environmental factors and historic cleaning regimes. Therefore, colour matching is based not only on site evidence but also on the understanding of the materials gained during the investigation.
What are the benefits of paint research for your project?
Benefits of undertaking a considered and well planned campaign of architectural paint research include:
By providing clarity at the beginning of a project, architectural paint research can allow planning and budgeting of conservation and restoration work
Identification of technical issues with paint, such as latent incompatibility, performance and toxicity
Contribution to long-term conservation management plan
Underpinning options for conservation/ restoration
Enriching the interpretation of your site
Enhancement of the recorded archaeology of a site
Establishment of the chronology of decorative schemes
Creation of a narrative of changes to the structure and related decorative schemes
Evaluation of how changing fashion, economy and use of a heritage asset has impacted on the choice, quality and condition of decoration
Interpretation of the significance of the schemes identified
Dating of both paint schemes and architectural changes
© The Paint Researcher and www.paintresearcher.co.uk. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from the owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to The Paint Researcher with appropriate and specific direction to the original content. Please note that all opinions expressed on this website are my own.


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De rijksheerlijkheid Kessenich was een vrije rijksheerlijkheid die bestond uit Kessenich, Kinrooi, Groot-Beersel (in Belgisch-Limburg) en Hunsel (in Nederlands-Limburg). Ze werd opgeheven in 1794, ten tijde van de Franse overheersing.

Samenstelling
Tussen ±1250 en 1794 was de 'vrijheer van Kessenich' in het bezit van:
 De heerlijkheid Kessenich. Ze omvatte het dorp Kessenich en vijf gehuchten: Kin(d)re (Kinrooi), Gallert (Dolenweg en Driessenstraat), Beersel (Kleinestraat), Groot-Beersel (Looverstraat) en Mijnekom (de Leeuwerik). Op gerechtelijk vlak was ze soeverein, op leenrechtelijk vlak hoorde ze deels bij Gulik en deels bij Brabant.
 De heerlijkheid Bronshorn. Ze omvatte het dorp Hunsel en de gehuchten Groot-Beersel, Uffelse(n), Haler en Castert. Ze zou haar naam ontlenen aan een burcht, die echter al tegen 1400 verdwenen was. Op gerechtelijk vlak was ook zij soeverein, op leenrechtelijk vlak behoorde ze tot Brabant.
 Het domein Borgitter, bestaande uit het Witte Kasteeltje en enkele hoeves. Het was een allodium, ontstaan op de grens met het Luiks vrijdorp Neeritter. Na 1500 was het een persoonlijk bezit van de adellijke familie Waes.
 Tal van landgoederen die buiten de bovenstaande gebieden vielen, maar wel verbonden waren aan het leenhof in Kessenich. In het zuiden lagen ze in Geistingen, Ophoven, Aldeneik, Gremelslo, Klein- en Groot-Heppeneert en Roosteren. In het noorden lagen ze in Neeritter, Nederweert en Beegden.

Organisatie
Het grondbezit kwam toe aan de Duitse keizer. Deze 'leende' Kessenich aan de hertogen van Gulik en Brabant. Op haar beurt gaven Gulik en Brabant het gebied 'in leen' aan de plaatselijke vrijheer/-vrouwe (vanaf 1656 droeg hij/zij de barontitel) en diens erfgenamen. Het plaatselijke leenhof lag eerst in de hoeve Franssenhof aan de motte Den Berg en later in het Witte Kasteeltje. De inwoners van Kessenich baatten de landgoederen uit en betaalden in ruil hiervoor cijns aan hun leenheren.

De wetgevende macht bleef voornamelijk binnen Kessenich. De rijksvrijheid maakte immers dat enkel de vrijheer – binnen de bepalingen van het landrecht waaraan hij trouw had gezworen – de kreitsdag en de hofraad bevoegd waren om wetten uit te vaardigen en belastingen te heffen. Vanaf 1600 maakten zowel de Westfaalse als de Bourgondische Kreits aanspraak op de soevereiniteit. Desondanks bleef Kessenich rijksvrij tot 1784. Toen maakte keizer Jozef II het juridisch ondergeschikt aan Oostenrijks-Gelre.

De rechterlijke macht berustte in grote mate bij de plaatselijke schepenbank. De eerste schriftelijke vermelding hiervan stamt uit 1279. Een appelgang was enkel mogelijk in civiele processen en werd behandeld het keizerlijke Aken en het Rijkskamergerecht. In correctionele zaken was de schepenbank almachtig, want ze beschikte over de bloedban. Het galgenveld van Kessenich was gelegen aan de huidige Heinestraat. Hier werden onder meer de Bokkenrijders uit Ophoven ter dood gebracht.

De uitvoerende macht, dat is het bestuur en de ordehandhaving, werd uitgeoefend door de meier, die te Kessenich ook 'schout', 'scholtis' en 'drossaard' genoemd werd. De meier werd bijgestaan door burgemeesters. Beide heerlijkheden waren immers verdeeld in kwartieren: Kessenich bestond uit Kessenich, Kin(d)re en Beersel, Bronshorn bestond uit Hunsel, Haler, Uffelse(n) en Beersel. Elk kwartier telde twee burgemeesters die de bevolking jaarlijks verkoos.

Leenrechtelijke ontwikkelingen

Verheffing en versnippering van Casallum (950-1300)

Omstreeks 950 wordt Kessenich een regionale hoofdplaats. In de komende eeuwen valt het gebied echter uiteen in o.a. de Drie Eijghen.
 ±940: Koning Otto I schenkt het domein van Aldeneik aan graaf Ansfried de Oudere.
 950: Otto I verheft de plaats Casallum tot stad. Het wordt de nieuwe hoofdplaats van Ansfrieds gebied.
 995: Ansfried de Jongere draagt Casallum op aan het Lambertuskapittel. In ruil hiervoor benoemt Otto II hem tot bisschop van Utrecht. De heerlijkheid is voortaan een Luiks leen.
 1062: Adela, dochter van graaf Reinier IV, schenkt Dilsen aan het Servaaskapittel.
 1078: Ermengardis plaatst de Maaslandse stichtingen Bree en Gruitrode onder de voogdij van Loon.
 De abdij van Thorn en haar beneficie komen los wanneer het eigenklooster zich tot rijksabdij ontwikkelt.
 1143: Neeritter wordt zelfstandig wanneer aliam Iteram que dicitur nova tot Luiks vrijdorp verheven wordt.
 1155: Keizer Frederik en paus Adrianus IV bevestigen dat Kessenich nog steeds een bezit van de Luikse Kerk is.
 1243-7: Erfeniskwestie tussen Willem I van Horne en Sophia van Altena. Verwerft Willem in het kader van dit conflict delen van Kessenich, namelijk Bronshorn en de latere 'rijkslenen van Horn'?
 Een vrijheer verbreekt de band met Luik. Hij draagt Kessenich op aan Gulik én Brabant. Zo'n dubbele leenband bemoeilijkt een eventuele mediatisering door een van de nieuwe leenheren.

Gulik en Brabant houden elkaar in evenwicht (1300-1690)

De dubbele leenband vrijwaart Kessenich eeuwenlang van aanslagen op zijn soevereiniteit. Een opvolgingskwestie geeft Brabant de gelegenheid om zijn invloed te vergroten, maar de Spaanse Nederlanden zien uiteindelijk af van concrete maatregelen.
 1321: Oudst bekende leenverheffing, in zowel Gulik als Brabant.
 1402: Kessenich komt in een personele unie met Bronshorn, een apanage van het Huis Horne.
 1429: Middels erfstelling benadrukt Gulik dat zijn gedeelte enkel naar mannelijke erfgenamen in rechte lijn mag vererven.
 16e eeuw: Het Rijk delegeert alle soevereiniteit naar de nieuwe rijkskreitsen. Brabant valt aan de Spaanse landvoogd in de Nederlanden (Bourgondische Kreits), maar Gulik aan de kreitsdag in Düsseldorf (Westfaalse Kreits). Wie van beiden is voortaan soeverein over het tweeherige Kessenich?
 1618: Kessenich wordt tweemaal verheven, doch enkel in Brabant. Men mijdt de verheffing in Gulik, dat niet zou toestaan dat Kessenich via vrouwelijke erfgenamen vererft.
 1624: Gulik verzet zich: vrijheer Jacob van Malsen heeft Gulik niet gehuldigd en is, krachtens de erfstelling van 1429, niet eens de rechtmatige erfgenaam. In opdracht van Brabant brengt Gelre Jacob gewapenderhand toch weer aan de macht. Jacob spant ook een proces aan voor het Hofgericht in Düsseldorf.
 1639: Het Hofgericht oordeelt dat de aanstelling van Jacobs verre verwant, Georg van Kessenich, rechtsgeldig was.
 1641: De Raad van Brabant vernietigt het Gulikse vonnis. Een Guliks-Brabantse conferentie moet de impasse doorbreken, maar levert geen resultaat op. Voorlopig nemen Jacobs zussen bezit van de heerlijkheid. Ze erkennen de Raad als hun souverain juge immédiat.
 1658: Landvoogd Don Juan wil soevereiniteit uitoefenen, door middel van een inkwartiering van Lorreinse troepen. De vrijheer van Kessenich en de prins-bisschop van Luik beklemtonen de rijksvrijheid. Tot slot adviseren diverse raden de n'irriter les princes voisins de l'Empire.
 1671: In veel rijksgebieden die samen met Gelre bij de Bourgondische Kreits kwamen (Transactie van Augsburg), voert Spanje nog geen soevereiniteit uit. Opper-Gelre rekent hiertoe ook Kessenich en Bronshorn. In deze gebieden heft Spanje voortaan jaarlijkse rationsgelden, als afkoopsom van inkwartieringen.
 1679: De baron schort de betalingen op en start een gerechtelijke procedure tegen de rationsgelden.
 1680: Vanuit Brussel komt een regiment dragonders, dat tevergeefs eist dat de schepenen Spanje als hun soeverein erkennen.
 1681: Opper-Gelres gerechtelijke instanties oordelen dat er geen bewijzen bestaan dat Kessenich nog tot de Westfaalse Kreits behoort. Het kan dus een onderdeel van de Bourgondische Kreits zijn, in welk geval de rationsgelden rechtsgeldig zouden zijn.
 1682: In de nieuwe lijst van Gelderse vrijheerlijkheden wordt Kessenich louter pro memorie vermeld; rationsgelden worden m.a.w. niet langer verwacht.

Gulik en Opper-Gelre strijden om de soevereiniteit (1690-1715)
Gulik verzet zich tegen de pro-Spaanse koers van de vrijheren. Het bezet de heerlijkheid, en wordt tot vijfmaal toe verdreven door Opper-Gelre. Uiteindelijk weet geen van beiden zijn soevereiniteit te vestigen.
 1697: Meerdere beleningen hebben zonder de goedkeuring van Gulik plaatsgevonden. In een brief dreigt Johan Willem van de Palts ermee het leen vervallen te verklaren. In zo'n geval wordt de baron van zijn titel ontheven en valt deze terug aan zijn leenheer, de hertog van Gulik.
 1699: Everartz van Sittard bezet Kessenich. De baron verzoekt landvoogd Beieren om militaire steun, maar het verzwakte Spanje waagt zich niet aan de confrontatie.
 1700: In de steek gelaten door Spanje, voldoet de baron aan de leenrechtelijke formaliteiten ten gunste van Gulik. Door deze ommekeer verliest Spanje zijn greep op Kessenich. Via Opper-Gelre heeft het echter een stok achter de deur.
 juni 1700: Hendrick Heyster ende consorten verzoeken het Hof van Opper-Gelre om de uitvoering van een vonnis met betrekking tot enkele Kessinger weerden op de Rechtermaasoever. Het Hof weigert echter mee te werken; in deze zaak gebeurde de appelgang in Düsseldorf, maar volgens het Hof had ze in Roermond moeten gebeuren.
 1701: Gelderse troepen verjagen de Gulikse. Filips Emanuel van Horne treft prompt maatregelen van soevereiniteit, door de rationsgelden opnieuw in te voeren, plus een nieuwe jaarlijkse toeslag. De schepenen procederen tegen de belasting, maar gaan akkoord met een voorlopige tussenoplossing. In feite zal het proces nooit beëindigd worden en zal de tussenoplossing tot in 1791 gelden.
 1702: De Grote Alliantie neemt Opper-Gelre in en plaatst het onder bestuur van de Staten-Generaal.
 1703: Gulik wijst de Staten-Generaal op de hangende soevereiniteitskwestie. De Staten-Generaal stellen de Gulikse aanspraken in vraag.
 1706: Gulik stuurt Everartz van Sittard naar de Kessinger weerden, om het Gulikse vonnis van 1700 alsnog uit te voeren. Het Gulikse machtsvertoon stuit echter op kolonel Ardes van het garnizoen in Stevensweert, die de colonne onderschept.
 1710: Het Hofgericht casseert de belening van 1700, ten voordele van kamerheer Jan Arnold baron von Metternich. De douairière van Frans Jacob stapt naar de Raad van Brabant én de Rijkshofraad, die de cassatie beiden nietig verklaren. Ten slotte wordt Metternich uitgezet door kolonel Ardes, krachtens een beschermbrief.
 1711: Middels resolutie (22 juli) nemen de Staten-Generaal positie in: volgens hen is Kessenich een van de Gelderse protectoraten in de triangel van Roosteren, Weert ende Stevensweert. Toch treedt keizer Karel VI, als toekomstige hertog van Opper-Gelre, in onderhandeling met Willem. Gulik laat de weerden op de Rechtermaasoever aan Gelderse soevereiniteit (gebiedsruil te Frankfurt, 29 december). Over de rest van Kessenich wordt geen akkoord bereikt.
 1713: De Vrede van Utrecht verzekert geen Staatse aanwezigheid in Opper-Gelre. Gulik verwacht dat de Staten-Generaal geen heil meer zien in een tussenkomst en brengt Metternich opnieuw aan de macht. Toch ontruimt Ardes opnieuw de heerlijkheid. Hij wordt gemachtigd om voortaan versterkingen uit naburige vestingen te halen.
 1714: Op de conferentie te Aken weigeren de Staten-Generaal Kessenich aan Gulik te laten. 200 Paltse infanteristen bezetten Kessenich, maar zijn niet opgewassen tegen de 800 soldaten die Ardes samentrekt vanuit Stevensweert, Roermond, Venlo en Maastricht. Een klein Staats garnizoen wordt gelegerd in Borgitter en op Den Berg.

Oostenrijkse baronie (1715-1795)

Nu de landvoogdij van de Nederlanden en het Duits keizerschap in een personele unie komen, bekoelt het conflict. De status quo blijft bewaard tot in 1784.
 1715: De Rijksdag verzoekt de keizer om elke praejuditie van 't Roomsch Rijk, in sonderheyt van de Gulikse landen te vermijden (februari 1715). Uiteindelijk wordt de soevereiniteit gedeeld: Kessenich blijft binnen het Rijk, maar de bescherming wordt toevertrouwd aan Oostenrijks-Gelre (beschermbrief van 10 februari 1716).
 1726: Tweede beschermbrief, vanwege landvoogdes Oostenrijk.
 1740: Oprichting van een keizerlijk bureau dat tol moet heffen op doorgaand vervoer; Kessingers zijn hiervan dus vrijgesteld. Een jaar later wordt een man uit Neeritter per ongeluk dodelijk verwond wanneer een konvooi dat Luik moet voorzien van 43 karren koren uit Neeritter wordt tegengehouden op de Dieken.
 1754: De acte van associatie met nabije heerlijkheden wordt gesloten, om onder meer de Bokkenrijders te bestrijden.
 1784: De burgemeesters protesteren tegen toenemende jurisdictie vanuit Oostenrijks-Gelre. Een nieuwe verordening rechtvaardigt de Gelderse inmenging: "Kessenich en Hunsel vallen in zaken van justitie en politie onder de jurisdictie van het Hof van Gelre". Anna Salomé barones van Waes verkrijgt in Brussel dan weer de bevestiging dat Kessenich een "keizerlijke vrijheerlijkheid" is en blijft.
 1792: Vanuit Antwerpen arriveert het Armée du Nord, dat hier de Maas oversteekt en enkele maanden Roermond zal beheersen.
 1794: In september bezet het Armée de Sambre-et-Meuse de streek na terugtrekkingen van het Coalitieleger. Per 8 december vormt het land van Kessenich een onderdeel van het subarrondissement nº 5.

Vrijheren en -vrouwen van Kessenich

Tot 1275

De heren en vrouwen die voor 1400 de titel 'van Kessenich' dragen, kennen we enkel uit de (schaarse) historische documenten.
 1102: Wilhelmus en Rogerus de Kesnic zijn getuige als ene Anselmus aan de abdij van Thorn een landgoed in de Oé schenkt.
 1155: Arnoldus de Kesninck geeft de tiende terug aan de kerk van Boorsem. Hij is ook aanwezig bij de schenking van de kapel van Sint-Jansberg aan de abdij van Averbode.
 1170: Reinardus is getuige wanneer Lodewijk I van Loon aan de burgerij van Kolmont bepaalde Luikse vrijheden verleent.
 1219: Godefridus de Kessenich en Heinricus de Archenteyl getuigen wanneer de Sint-Pantaleonsabdij Wessem in leen geeft aan de voogd, Willem I van Horne.
 1233: Voornoemde Heinricus noemt zich intussen Henricus dominus de Kesnich et de Argentel.
 1241: Dirk III van Altena, broer van Hendriks tweede vrouw, bezit rechten te Roosteren, Bree en Nederweert.
 1243: Willem van Horne, als neef van Dirk, wordt beleend met de Luiks-Loonse soevereiniteit in het dominium villarum inter Guystingen et Maschenberge sitarum.
 1253: Leonius, burggraaf van Brussel, heeft via zijn huwelijk met Dirks zuster Sophia ook delen van Kessenich geërfd. Nu verkoopt hij totum allodium suum apud Kessenich aan Otto II van Gelre.
 <1274: Hendrik van Montfort?

1275-1400
Door huwelijk en vererving valt het vrijheerschap in Kessenich aan diverse geslachten.
 1275 en 1278: Jacobus de Steine is vrijheer in Kessenich en delen van Stevensweert.
 1311: De schepenen van Neeritter verklaren dat bepaalde gronden toebehorend aan Arnold van (Stein–)Kessenich aan de domkerk van Luik in cijns gegeven zijn.
 1321: Johannis, burggraaf van Montenaco, trouwt met Johanna van Stein en verheft Kessenich voor zowel Gulik als Brabant.
 ±1330: Johanna van Stein hertrouwt met Hendrik van Bedbur. Ze verkopen Kessenich en Grevenbicht aan Willem VI van Gulik.
 1335: Oyst (Otto), reeds heer van Elsloo en Brogel-Erpekom, verkrijgt Kessenich en Grevenbicht bij een gebiedsruil.
 1348: Oyst sterft en zijn weduwe (Catharina van Wildenberg) hertrouwt met Renier van Schoonvorst.
 1361: Oyst II, de enige zoon uit het eerste huwelijk, stemt erin toe dat zijn stiefbroers zijn gebieden zullen erven wanneer hij sterft. Uitzondering hierop vormen Kessenich en Brogel-Erpekom, waarvan het vruchtgebruik aan zijn vrouw Johanna van Breydenbempt (Breitenbend) moet blijven.
 1374: Johanna hertrouwt met Lodewijk van Reifferscheid, de domheer van Keulen.
 ±1380: Prins-bisschop Arnoud bezet een burcht van zijn oude rivaal Lodewijk, waarschijnlijk Kessenich.

De heren van Horn vormen Hunsel om tot een nieuwe heerlijkheid, die moet fungeren als apanage van het Huis Horne.
 1333: Jan I van Horne draagt zijn bezittingen binnen Kessenich op aan Jan III van Brabant.
 1346: Jan I van Horne draagt het gebied over aan zijn zoon Gerlacus.
 1348: Jan Wildgrave, heer van de rijksheerlijkheid Saffenberg, trouwt met de zuster van Gerlacus en volgt zijn zwager op.
 1356: Renier van Schoonvorst ontvangt Bronshorn in leen.
 1374: Arnold I van Horne, de eerste zoon van Dirk Loef van Horne en echtgenoot van Reniers dochter, verheft Bronshorn.

1400-1650

Kessenich en Bronshorn worden herenigd. De geslachten van Horne, Collard van Lynden en van Malsen volgen elkaar op.
 1402: Jan II van Horne, ook al heer van Bronshorn via zijn broer Arnold, vervult de leenverheffing in Gulik. Hij heeft Kessenich verworven als gift vanwege zijn oom Arnoud of via huwelijk met een dochter van Lodewijk.
 1429: Arnold II 'de Wilde' van Horne, Jans zoon, trouwt met Elisabeth van Heinsberg, halfzus van Jan van Heinsberg.
 1447: Arnolds zoon, Jan III 'de Wilde' van Horne (*1430), is reeds here tot Kessenich.
 1467: Jan wordt verbannen door Karel de Stoute. Hij vertrouwt de heerlijkheid toe aan Filips van Horne. Jans moeder en zuster verzetten zich tegen de overdracht.
 jan. 1469: Filips treedt af. Kessenich draagt hij over aan Hendrik Collard van Nunhem, Bronshorn aan Art Brants van Grobbendonk.
 maart 1469: Karel de Stoute komt terug op de machtswissel in het Brabantse deel. Hij gelast [...] Brounshorn om Philips van Horn als heer te huldigen en te erkennen.
 okt. 1469: Drie vertrouwelingen verklaren dat Jan Kessenich-Bronshorn slechts 'ter wederopzegging' wegschonk. Filips houdt onrechtmatig vast aan de heerschappij.
 1475: Jan Collard, de echtgenoot van Jans zuster en erfgename Catharina, dagvaardt Filips voor de Grote Raad van Mechelen. Filips heeft Kessenich-Bronshorn gewapenderhand bezet en Collard gevangen gehouden.
 1486: Arnold Collard volgt zijn vader Jan op.
 1505: Antoon Collard volgt zijn vader Arnold op.
 Arnolds tweede zoon is trouwens Willem Collard, wiens nazaat Georg later kortstondig heer wordt.
 Arnolds dochter Elisabeth trouwt met ene Jan Collard (II). Later (1515) zal ze hertrouwen met Jan II van Waes, rentmeester van Horn en eigenaar van Borgitter.
 1527: Jacob Collard volgt zijn vader Antoon op.
 1590: Cornelis Collard volgt zijn vader Jacob op.
 1618: Guido van Malsen (heer van Borgt en Broekhuizen) volgt zijn zwager Cornelis op, aangezien Cornelis' broer Willem Collard zwakzinnig wordt.
 1618: Jacob van Malsen volgt zijn vader Guido op.
 1639: Jacob van Malsen sterft; Gulik stelt zijn rivaal Georg als heer aan.
 1645: Brabant verklaart de aanstelling nietig, zodat de heerlijkheid aan Jacobs drie zusters valt. Een van de zusters, Maria Sybilla van Malsen, is echter abdis van de abdij van Susteren en doet daarom onmiddellijk afstand van de erfenis.

1650-1700
De twee zwagers van Jacob strijden om de heerschappij. Jaren later komen ze overeen de landgoederen in tweeën te delen. Gelukkig komt het later tot een hereniging, doordat de ene helft wordt toegewezen aan de erfgenaam van de overige helft.

 Eerste helft
 1653: Walraaf II van Waes (weduwnaar van Johanna Anastacia van Malsen, erfgenaam van Borgitter en een achterkleinzoon van voornoemde Elisabeth Collard) verwerft o.a. de laatbank 'Meyerhof' (tegenwoordig 'Bokkenhof').
 1656: De kinderloze Walraaf wordt opgevolgd door zijn broer Willem Jacob, die door zijn dienst voor Spanje de barontitel verworven heeft.
 1662: Elisabeth van Golsteyn volgt haar (tweede) man Willem Jacob op; bovendien was haar eerste man Jacob van Malsen.
 1678: Frans Jacob volgt zijn moeder Elisabeth op. Door zijn successen in de Grote Alliantie wordt hij tot 'gouverneur van Gibraltar en Stevensweert' benoemd.
 Tweede helft
 1653: Ferdinand van In- en Kniphausen (echtgenoot van Anthonette van Malsen en heer van Vogelzang) verwerft o.a. Den Berg en de Uffelse Molen.
 1669: Wanneer Anthonette sterft, hebben ze geen kinderen. Daarom noemt Anthonette in haar testament een opvolger voor Ferdinand: Antoon Werner van Pallandt.
 1691: Ferdinand laat zich alvast uitkopen door Antoon.
 1696: Jan Albert van Reynestein, een telg uit het Huis Heinsberg, verheft de leengoederen.
 1699: De Raad van Brabant vernietigt de verkoop van 1691 en beleent bovengenoemde Frans Jacob van Waes.

1700-1795

De nakomelingen van Frans Jacob van Waes besturen de baronie tot aan de komst van de Fransen.
 1706: Frans Jacob wordt opgevolgd door zijn echtgenote, Marie Jeanne de Varick.
 1707: Omdat de kinderen minderjarig zijn, wordt hun voogd beleend. Dit is hun oom, Philippe Adrien de Varick burggraaf van Brussel.
 1732: Het oudste kind, Jan Willem, is oud genoeg om Kessenich over te nemen van de voogd.
 1733: Jan Willem en zijn vrouw (Catharina, een dochter van Charles van den Berghe de Limminghe) geven aan pastoor Driessens de volmacht om het bestuur van de heerlijkheid over te nemen. Hierna gaat de heerlijkheid naar de twee kinderen van Jan Willem en Catharina.
 1752: Jan Philip neemt op 26-jarige leeftijd de functie van heer op zich. In 1759 schiet hij een potjeskramer uit Tessenderlo dood bij een woordenwisseling rond de tol op de brug nabij Lakerhof. Om zijn vader te wreken trekt Bokkenrijder Francis Janssen Goet met een bendelid naar Kessenich en schiet de vrijheer dood op 29 augustus.
 1759: Anna Salomé volgt haar broer op. Sinds 1756 is ze de derde echtgenote van Louis Gabriel Des Acres, graaf van L'Aigle. Anna Salomé leidt een vorstelijk leven in Parijs. Tijdens de Terreur wordt ze gearresteerd voor onderdak te hebben verleend aan royalisten, en tot slot geguillotineerd op 10 mei 1794.
 1804: De Fransen hebben de leengoederen in Kessenich, goed voor 245 ha, niét verbeurd verklaard. De twee dochters van Anna Salomé mogen deze goederen verkopen om geërfde schulden te kunnen afbetalen. Ze worden gekocht door Hendrik Jozef Michiels van Kessenich.

Bronnen

Kessenich
Kessenich
Geschiedenis van Limburg
Kinrooi
Geschiedenis van Leudal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Truck driver dies after crashing through concrete barrier on I-45 in Dallas County
Authorities were notified of the crash shortly after 9:30 a.m. Thursday.
Crews continued to clean up the crash site in the southbound lanes of Interstate 45 on Thursday afternoon.(TxDOT)
By Hojun Choi
3:52 PM on Jan 5, 2023 CST
A truck driver died Thursday morning in a crash on Interstate 45 in southern Dallas County.
Shortly after 9:30 a.m., Dallas County sheriff's deputies responded to a major crash on the southbound lanes of I-45, just south of Malloy Bridge Road near Ferris, authorities said.
A UPS truck that was pulling two trailers veered off the road and crashed through a concrete bridge barrier and landed in a creek below, the sheriff's office said. Dallas Fire-Rescue aided in recovery efforts.
The driver of the semi, who has not been identified, died. No one else was injured, the sheriff's department said.
Two southbound lanes of the highway remained closed into Thursday afternoon because of cleanup efforts, which were expected to last a few hours, according to the sheriff's department. The entry ramp from Malloy Bridge Road is also closed to traffic.
Hojun Choi, Breaking News reporter. Hojun Choi covers breaking news. He is a graduate of the University of Texas at Austin. Before joining the Dallas Morning News, he was a reporter for the Austin American-Statesman.
hojun.choi@dallasnews.com @hjnchoi
OpinionMember Exclusive
Watch: Toyota becomes a Raising Cane's victim in SNL sketch
Motley Fool: Williams-Sonoma stock serves up a buying opportunity
Rossman: Don't be afraid of smartphone eSIMs
Toyota's sales chief Jack Hollis talks baseball, EV demand and 2023 challenges
Get the latest breaking news from North Texas and beyond.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Fladgate declares the 2009 vintage
The Fladgate Partnership, owners of ports brands Taylor's, Croft and Fonseca has declared that it is to release 2009 classic vintage ports from all three houses making this the fourth declaration in a decade (2000, 2003, 2007, 2009).
"In over three centuries of making great Ports, we have seldom seen four outstanding vintages come along in a decade," said Adrian Bridge, CEO of Fladgate. "Like the great landmark vintages of the early twentieth century, the 2009s are built for longevity."
Taylor's 2009 is based on a blend of ports from Quinta de Vargellas and Quinta de Terra Feita. Quinta do Junco has made a small contribution since 2000 and does so again in 2009. Fonseca 2009 is drawn from Quinta do Panascal and Quinta do Cruzeiro with a small proportion of wine from Quinta do Santo António, recently converted to organic viticulture. Croft 2009 is drawn entirely from Quinta da Roêda. A small quantity of Taylor's Quinta de Vargellas Vinha Velha 2009 will also be released.
"We haven't seen colour intensity and tannic grip like this in over twenty years," said head winemaker, David Guimaraens. "The quality of fruit is also impressive and the wines have excellent acidity."
Fladgate says the 2009 viticultural year was marked by low vine fertility and a dry ripening season resulting in low yields, dense and concentrated musts, high colour, tannin and sugar levels. There will be smaller quantities available than the preceding declared vintages and tighter allocations.
2009 is the only year ending in a 9 to have been declared by Taylor, Fonseca and Croft since the 19th Century.


A case study of a low-performing school district in Massachusetts shows how a bold vision and a focus on the effective use of resources can lead to big improvements. With support from Carnegie Corporation, Education Resource Strategies (ERS) looks at Lawrence Public Schools—in 2009 it became the first school district to enter into state receivership. Over the course of three years, Lawrence implemented a three-phase plan that led to dramatic improvements and provides a roadmap for other districts that chronically underperform.
In the new report, Back from the Brink, How a Bold Vision and a Focus on Resources Can Drive System Improvement, ERS explains how Lawrence accomplished this transformation through a combination of leadership, structural changes in teaching, district-wide interventions, and better school support. It is part of the nonprofit's School System 20/20 program that identifies best practices and measures the results that lead to district turnarounds.
Read the executive summary and download a copy of the report. A news report about Lawrence and the case study was published in Education Week.


text:
package jdo.invoice.model.payment;

import javax.persistence.Embedded;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.ManyToOne;

import jdo.fields.Money;
import jdo.invoice.model.InvoiceItem;
import jdo.invoice.model.billingaccount.BillingAccount;
import jdo.model.BasePersistentModel;

@Entity
public class PaymentApplication extends BasePersistentModel {

	/**
	 *
	 */
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Embedded
	private Money amountApplied;

	@ManyToOne
	private BillingAccount appliedToAccount;

	@ManyToOne
	private InvoiceItem appliedToItem;

	public Money getAmountApplied() {
		return amountApplied;
	}

	public BillingAccount getAppliedToAccount() {
		return appliedToAccount;
	}

	public InvoiceItem getAppliedToItem() {
		return appliedToItem;
	}

	public void setAmountApplied(Money amountApplied) {
		this.amountApplied = amountApplied;
	}

	public void setAppliedToAccount(BillingAccount appliedToAccount) {
		this.appliedToAccount = appliedToAccount;
	}

	public void setAppliedToItem(InvoiceItem appliedToItem) {
		this.appliedToItem = appliedToItem;
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Perfect Hanging Gallery is a custom frame shop established in 1973. For over 40 years, Perfect Hanging Gallery has been serving the region with custom framing, art, and gifts. With over 25 years of combined framing experience our staff can help with the simplest of framing to the most complicated.


text:
Pondorf ist ein Ortsteil des Marktes Altmannstein im Landkreis Eichstätt des Regierungsbezirks Oberbayern.

Lage
Das Dorf liegt auf der Hochfläche der südlichen Frankenalb östlich von Denkendorf und westlich von Riedenburg. Hier kreuzt die B 299 die Staatsstraße 2392.

Ortsnamensdeutung
Die frühzeitliche Schreibweise "Ponstorf" enthält das lateinische Wort "pons" für "Brücke" als Übergang vom frühzeitlichen Römerreich in das Reich der Germanen; diese These gilt allerdings als nicht eindeutig geklärt.

Geschichte
Etwa 1,7 Kilometer südlich von Pondorf befindet sich in dem Waldstück "Grabenholz" eine spätkeltische Viereckschanze, die früher als Römerschanze gedeutet wurde.

Pondorf wurde erstmals im 8. Jahrhundert urkundlich erwähnt. 1037 wurde Pondorf als Filiale der Pfarrei Schamhaupten dem dort zur gleichen Zeit errichteten Kloster einverleibt. 1179 bestätigte Papst Alexander III. Besitz und Rechte des Eichstätter Domkapitels zu Pondorf; 1183 übergab das Domkapitel die Kirche zu Pondorf gegen Zins an das Kloster Schamhaupten. 1212 besaß das Schottenkloster in Regensburg ein Gut in Pondorf. 1606 ging mit der Auflösung des Klosters Schamhaupten dessen Besitz an die Universität Ingolstadt über; in Pondorf waren dies ein Hof, eine Hube und vier Grundstücke. Im Dreißigjährigen Krieg wurde das Dorf von den Schweden 1632 bis 1634 gebrandschatzt. Ab 1666 saß in Pondorf eine Nebenlinie der Muggenthaler von Hächsenacker. 1832 hatte Pondorf mit Stenzenhof und Weiherhof 57 Wohnhäuser und 280 Einwohner. 1838 schildert Franz Xaver Mayer, Pfarrer zu Pondorf und Heimatforscher, sein Pfarrdorf folgendermaßen: "Pondorf, 2 Stunden von Rietenburg (= Riedenburg), an der Salzburg-Nürnberger Commercialstraße, ist ein ansehnliches Pfarrdorf mit einem ganz neu (1832) erbauten schönen Pfarrhofe, neuen (1820 errichteten) Schulhause und ahnsehnlichen Taferne..." Zu dieser Zeit hatte die Universität München in Pondorf "viele Grundholden und den ganzen Getraidzehenten in der ganzen Pfarrei". 1900 wurde eine Wasserleitung von Schamhaupten herauf gebaut – eine der ersten Wasserleitungen auf dem Jura; die Trinkwasserversorgung war bis dahin wegen der Höhenlage immer problematisch. Am 15. März 1913 fielen in Pondorf fünf Scheunen und mehrere Nebengebäude einem Großfeuer zum Opfer. 1962 bis 1964 errichtete die Gemeinde eine neue Wasserversorgungsanlage, 1965/66 ein neues Schulhaus, 1971 einen neuen Friedhof mit Leichenhaus.

In die Gemeinde Pondorf war Neuses eingemeindet. Am 1. Juli 1972 wurde Pondorf in den Markt Altmannstein eingegliedert und kam gleichzeitig aus dem Landkreis Riedenburg in den Landkreis Eichstätt.

Entwicklung der Einwohnerzahl
(Quelle:)
 1838: 280 "Seelen" in 57 Hausnummern
 1939: 451 Einwohner
 1946: 645 Einwohner (mit Flüchtlingen und Heimatvertriebenen)
 1950: 559 Einwohner
 1961: 450 Einwohner
 1970: 468 Einwohner
 1983: 439 Einwohner
 2012: 422 Einwohner

Katholische Pfarrkirche St. Peter und Paul
Die katholische Kirche St. Peter und Paul, ursprünglich eine gotische Chorturmanlage, erhielt kurz nach 1700 ein neues Langhaus, das 1865 nach Westen verlängert wurde. Der Kirchturm von 1721 wurde nach einem Brand zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts neu aufgebaut; er ist 28 Meter hoch und weithin sichtbar. 1802 kam die Wallfahrtskirche "Unsere Liebe Frau" zu Neuses mit dem Ort zur Pfarrei Pondorf.

Sehenswürdigkeiten

 Das Naturdenkmal "Bavaria-Buche" ist eine Rotbuche (Fagus sylvatica) in der seltenen Form eines Steinpilzes, circa 650 Meter nordwestlich von Pondorf stehend. Ihr Alter wurde auf Grund ihrer Größe lange Zeit auf 500–800 Jahre geschätzt. Tatsächlich waren hier drei oder mehr eng beieinander stehende Buchen ineinander verwachsen. Sie hatten ein Alter von etwa 300 Jahren. Nach Pilzbefall, Fäulnis und Windbruch sind heute nur noch die toten Reste des Baumes mit seinen acht Metern Stammumfang und 84 Metern äußeren Kronenumfang zu sehen. 2018 wurde ein Gedenkgarten für die Bavaria-Buche eingerichtet.
 Erdgeschossiges Wohnstall-Bauernhaus mit hohem Kniestock in der Beilngrieser Straße 3, um 1840/50 errichtet.
 Wegkapelle, 18./19. Jahrhundert, bei Haus-Nr. 46.
 Kapelle am Neues Bügl, um 1800.
 Kapelle, 1914, an der Bundesstraße.
 Seit November 2013 steht im Bushäuschen in der Windener Straße (Geokoordinaten: N 48°56'36.914" E 11°33'46.888") ein Öffentlicher Bücherschrank, der von Gerhard Strobel aus Pondorf initiiert und aufgebaut wurde.

Vereine
(Quelle:)
 Freiwillige Feuerwehr Pondorf, 1880 gegründet, 1911 Fahnenweihe.
 Sportverein 66 Pondorf, gegründet 1966.
 Soldaten- und Heimatverein, 1920 als Kriegerverein gegründet; 1922 Errichtung eines Kriegerdenkmals; 1973 Fahnenweihe.
 Gartenbauverein
 Schützenverein "Edelweiß"
Frauenbund

Literatur
 Franz Xaver Mayer: Pondorf mit Zugehör.In: Verhandlungen des historischen Vereins für Oberpfalz und Regensburg. Regensburg 1838, S. 306–310.
 Franz Fersch: Chronik über Dorf und Pfarrei Pondorf, Schierling [circa 1973] [Ex. im Bischöfl. Zentralarchiv Regensburg].
 Pondorf. In: Der Eichstätter Raum in Geschichte und Gegenwart. 2. erweiterte Auflage, Eichstätt 1984, S. 270.
 Pondorf. In: Denkmäler in Bayern, Bd. 12, Oberbayern, München 1986, S. 205.
 Pondorf. In: Friedrich Hermann Hofmann und Felix Mader (Bearb.): Die Kunstdenkmäler von Oberpfalz und Regensburg. XIII. Bezirksamt Beilngries. II. Amtsgericht Riedenburg. München 1908, S. 96 f.
 Festschrift zum 100–jährigen Gründungsfest mit Fahnenweihe der Freiwilligen Feuerwehr Pondorf vom 14. bis 17. Juli 1989, 1989.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Geographie (Altmannstein)
Ort im Landkreis Eichstätt
Ehemalige Gemeinde (Landkreis Eichstätt)
Ersterwähnung im 8. Jahrhundert
Gemeindeauflösung 1977


Meet the locals behind Wilding & Co, the pioneering Kiwis determined to turn one of New Zealand's biggest environmental problems from pest into perfume.
Meet the Wakatipu Reforestation Trust and the local volunteers who run the environmental project that aims to restore our native flora.
After a day or two in Central Otago, meeting inspirational locals, it was clear that you shouldn't judge a destination only by its tourist brochures and TripAdvisor posts. Queenstown, at its heart, is a community.


text:
Service Cross – Other Conflicts
Service Cross - Other Conflicts and Peacetime
There are three Service Cross awards: Distinguished Service Cross (Army), Navy Cross (Navy, Marine Corps and Coast Guard), and the Air Force Cross (Air Force).
Service men and women have been recognized for their valor during peacetime and conflicts other than the major wars.
Almost 200 Distinguished Service Cross recipients from all branches of the United States military,
Over 300 Navy Cross recipients, also from all branches of the United States military,
10 Air Force Cross recipients.
You will find the full citation of each recipient listed here in alphabetical order.
Distinguished Service Cross Recipients - Other Conflicts and Peace Time
Navy Cross Recipients - Other Conflicts and Peace Time
Air Force Cross Recipients - Other Conflicts and Peace Time
Service Cross Index
Navy Cross
Air Force Cross
Other Conflicts and Peace Time


text:
Q: phantomjs: how to generate a perfect html screenshot? When I use control + s to save a page completely in my browser, and I open it, it more or less resembles the original website.
however, when I render a site on phantomjs and look at the generated html, it looks very different from the screenshot it produces.
how does phantomjs produce a good accurate image screenshot but not a good html screenshot? for example, when I take a screenshot of futureshop.ca and look at the html generated by phantomjs it looks  like a completely different website. how do we resolve this?
for example take this cgi proxy:
https://ultraproxy.us/perl/nph-proxy.cgi/en/00/http/www.bestbuy.ca/ (uses perl cgi)
vs.
http://prerender.herokuapp.com/http://www.bestbuy.ca (using phantomjs)
how does a perl cgi script produce a more accurate looking page? is there a way to get phantomjs to do the same? phantomjs has the advantage of handling ajax loaded content while the perl cgi wouldn't.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Scammers target Torrent Users and other sites that allow users to download copyrighted shows with fraudulent anti-piracy letters.
What Is It: Scammers target users of online media sharing programs like Torrent. In this scam, thieves send emails to users of these media sharing programs, notifying them of their infringement of anti-piracy laws for downloading popular copyrighted shows like Game of Thrones, and includes a link where they can "settle" their case and pay any fines. In actuality the link is malware and infects your computer when you click the link. It will then prompt you to forward the email chain to other users in order to target them as well.
How Can You Avoid It: Never click on a link from any email sender you don't know or trust. Call the number on the official website of whatever company the email purports to be from and confirm whether they are currently sending anti-piracy emails of this type.


Fablon Kitchen Doors Effectively » Use versatile home furniture every time redecorating a lesser size space. An ottoman is an excellent selection. You can use it for sitting or even a table, and you may even shop goods on the inside, whether it opens up. Products which have multiple purposes are successful place savers for any small place. That graphic (Fablon Kitchen Doors » Cozy White Marble Fablon 346 8306 67cm X 2m Roll) above will be classed together with Tap into your Fablon Kitchen Doorscreative side if you are redesigning your kitchen. Granite is obviously a well known decision, but wood, cork along with other materials function great. A few other choices cheaper, and may make your cooking area exclusive Fablon Kitchen Doors from others.


C'est l'hiver! Winter is finally here!!!
Please meet our bonhomme de neige, his name is Flocon Frosty Bonhomme de neige (first, middle and last name!) Flocon is snowflake in English.
We brought snow from outside, inside! De la neige!
We experimented with FROZEN hands. First we had to unwrap, a slightly more frustrating process for some ;) but everyone was successful in the end. In our FROZEN hands we discovered hidden jewels, and lots of sparkles!!!! The students had to use salt and other tools to melt the ice and find the hidden jewels! Our French word for ice is : glace.
Building has been a very popular activity this week! From building "bases" in lego, to building houses with the hollow and wooden blocks there has been a lot of creativity and pretend play happening. Some of the children have been building houses and pretending to be cats or dogs, communicating to each other using meows or barking!
We have also been exploring various sensory activities this week. We made some blue and white sparkle play dough that the children used to make various winter scenes with. Cloud dough that the children used building blocks and dinosaurs to create with. And we used our fine motor skills when playing with the water beads, picking them up to put into different size containers using their hands and spoons!
Here are some more pictures from our week! We just love that puffy paint!


text:
Manchester United's tricky test, Liverpool firing, UCL hangover – View from the Booth, with Arlo White
By Joe Prince-WrightFeb 21, 2014, 8:59 PM EST
When watching soccer on TV, have you ever sat there and wondered what the man behind the microphone really thinks?
Maybe this will go someway to helping with that.
In the latest edition of "View from the Booth" we chat with NBC Sports' lead soccer announcer Arlo White about Crystal Palace's battle with Manchester United, Swansea's trip to face Liverpool, Champions League hangovers and much more.
(VIEW FROM THE BOOTH ARCHIVE)
You can hear Arlo calling live games this weekend on NBC Sports Network and NBC, and watch every single game available live online via NBC Sports Live Extra,
So, let's get to it.
On Saturday you are at Selhurst Park to see Palace take on Manchester United. Given the Eagles superb home form and United's struggles, are Palace the favorites? And how difficult will this be for United?
Palace can't be favorites for a game against Manchester United, but I'm sure Tony Pulis has them brimming with belief that they are capable of pulling out a first league victory since 1991.
Since the former Stoke boss was appointed in late November, their revival has been nothing short of remarkable. In fact, I'd argue that it is one of the great success stories of this Premier League season, albeit over shadowed by a thrilling title race, the big personalities at the top of the table and the regular managerial casualties around the league.
If the Premier League season started when Pulis was appointed, the Eagles would be in 8th place, only two points behind Manchester United. It's an incredible renaissance considering they only earned 7 points from their opening 12 games. Hands up who predicted Palace to stay up? If you have your hand up, I don't believe you, or you are a Palace season ticket holder!
Wayne Rooney has signed a lucrative new deal with United. Source: manutd.com
Palace don't score many goals, but they have become much harder to beat, and are far more resilient against their fellow relegation strugglers. They've won three out of their last four in the Premier League, but more tellingly, they've turned Selhurst Park into a very difficult place for traveling teams to visit. Pulis has only tasted defeat once in seven at home. Palace had a terrific transfer deadline day. I'm looking forward to watching Tom Ince against Manchester United. Scott Dann brings experience to the heart of their defense and Joe Ledley has seen plenty of Champions League action at Celtic.
We've talked endlessly about United's troubles in this column this season, so let's just say that they are capable of winning handsomely at Selhurst Park, but are also vulnerable to a demoralizing defeat similar to the one they suffered at Stoke recently. Wayne Rooney's new contract announcement is a boost to the club, let's see if David Moyes' side can carry that bounce onto the field.
Either way, Rooney can afford to buy a round of sandwiches for the trip back north.
With Liverpool playing after the other title contenders this weekend, the Reds have a chance to go within one point of top spot. What can they expect from Swansea?
Yes, but they could also find themselves chasing by Sunday afternoon. For their Champions League aspirations, they could use a big Chelsea win over Everton on Saturday. For their title hopes, which are slowly growing, they could use the exact opposite.
Brendan Rodgers' side have been incredible at home this season. Since their only defeat against Southampton, they've taken 28 out of the 30 points on offer. Rodgers declared himself tactically culpable for the two points they dropped against Aston Villa, which was another smart piece of man management.
Incredibly, Liverpool have continued their high scoring unbeaten run whilst Luis Suarez has cooled off in pure goalscoring terms. The Uruguayan scored 22 in his first 16 Premier League games this season, but has only found the net once in the last five. He's still playing well, and it's a testament to Liverpool's attacking prowess that Sturridge, Coutinho, Sterling and Steven Gerrard have filled the scoring void.
Suarez's goals have dried up a little of late.
Sturridge has scored a goal in the last seven Premier League games. Only Ruud Van Nistelrooy has managed to score in eight straight in Premier League history. Will this be only the 4th game in 19 that he'll fail to find the net in the Premier League this season? It's doubtful.
Liverpool haven't had too many chances to break their lengthy title drought. After their defeat at Arsenal last week in the FA Cup, they are now free to concentrate solely on the Premier League. This opportunity doesn't occur too often, can they grasp it and mount a serious title challenge? We'll know more after Spurs, Chelsea and Manchester City have visited Anfield.
Do you expect the Swans to survive? Garry Monk seems to have settled them down since taking charge. Is he the right man, long-term?
I think Swansea will survive but if I were a Swans fan, I'd be a little bit concerned about this game, and it's timing. Liverpool have scored 43 first half goals this season, more than 16 Premier League teams have managed in total. Swansea have managed just seven. Can the visitors withstand an early hurricane from the Reds, because they know it's coming?
The game is nestled awkwardly between the two legs of their Europa League tie against Napoli. They earned a valiant 0-0 draw at home on Thursday night against a side lying 3rd in Serie A, but will their minds wander to the 2nd leg in the Stadio San Paulo next Thursday?
Swansea need to give a good account of themselves at Anfield and in Naples, and then gather points against their fellow strugglers like Palace, West Brom and Norwich in the month of March. As for Monk, he's enjoyed a terrific start, not least a 3-0 win in the South Wales derby. This is his audition. If Swansea continue to improve then he could be their man long term, but it's very early days.
With disappointment for both English teams in the Champions League, do you think Arsenal and Man City will be suffering a hangover this weekend?
It's possible. Both managers will have to tinker a little as both sides played big chunks of time with 10 men, against arguably the best two club sides in the world during the week. That will surely lead to some tired legs in either squad.
Champions League woe continues for City, will that impact their performance vs. Stoke?
Both will be delighted to be at home against sides from the bottom half of the table. The challenge for Arsene Wenger is whether to give Mesut Ozil a break. Will Manuel Pelligrini give Demichelis a break and integrate Lescott or Nastasic ahead of the 2nd leg in the Nou Camp? We'll see.
It's simple, if Arsenal and Manchester City are hurting, which they should be, they need to get over it and ensure three points each on Saturday afternoon.
Finally, what else are you looking forward to?
West Brom vs. Fulham will be fascinating. Pepe Mel has failed to win any of his five games in charge of the Baggies, but they have managed draws at the Hawthorns against Chelsea, Liverpool and Everton, so there is something to build on.
But what about Fulham? It's a Premier League bow for the 60-year-old German Felix Magath, the Cottagers third manager this season. He's a task master, but he gets results. Whether Fulham's players will stand for a boot camp atmosphere at this stage of the season is unknown, but they showed against Manchester United and Liverpool (where they were only outscored 5-4 but managed a solitary point) that they do have a resilient streak. They'll need it with Magath in charge, and the challenge they face to avoid the drop.


text:
U43: Governor: Letters to Resident Councillors
Governor: Letters to Resident Councillors consists of correspondence between the Governor of the SS and the three Resident Councillors of Penang, Singapore and Malacca from May 1861 - Mar 1862. The series also includes extracts of letters from the Comptroller of General Accounts enclosures and circulars from the Government of India. Subjects covered range from judicial to police. Reports on affairs in the Malay states of Kedah, Johor, Naning, Trengganu, Perak and Penang are also included.
U043_05800
U043_05800 - [Completed]
483 General No. 200 of 1862 No. 64 To, The Resident Councillor Singapore Dated Penang 8th March 1862 Sir, In reply to your Letter No. 41 of the 20th Ultimo I have been desired by His Honor the Governor to state that under the circumstances therein represented it is not necessary that the item alluded to should be transferred to the "General Contingencies" account but the necessary additional credit should be given to this office, and in the statement of actual Receipts and Disbursements for 1861 / 62 a remark should be inserted to the effect that certain charges had been erroneously debited to the office. I have &ca Signed / M. Protheroe Lieutenant Deputy Secretary to Government Straits Settlement


text:
DoorDash tipping practices prompts lawsuit from DC Attorney General
Megan Rose Dickey	@meganrosedickey / 2 months
DoorDash is facing a new lawsuit regarding its tipping practices. This time, it's coming from Washington, D.C. Attorney General Karl Racine. In the suit, Racine accuses DoorDash of engaging in deceptive tipping practices while also failing to provide any relief to workers whose tips were taken.
Racine's office first opened an investigation into DoorDash's practices in March 2019. In D.C., the suit alleges DoorDash customers paid millions of dollars in tips that the company used to offset the costs of its payments to workers over the span of two years. Racine's office is seeking to make DoorDash pay damages and restitution.
"We strongly disagree with and are disappointed by the action taken today," a DoorDash spokesperson told TechCrunch in an email. "Transparency is of paramount importance, which is why we publicly disclosed how our previous pay model worked in communications specifically created for Dashers, consumers, and the general public starting in 2017. We've also worked with an independent third party to verify that we have always paid 100% of tips to Dashers. We believe the assertions made in the complaint are without merit and we look forward to responding to them through the legal process."
The suit focuses on how DoorDash had been offsetting the amount it pays its delivery drivers with customer tips. DoorDash's payment structure as follows: $1 plus customer tip plus pay boost, which varies based on the complexity of order, distance to restaurants and other factors. It's only when a customer doesn't tip at all, which DoorDash told Fast Company happens about 15 percent of the time, that DoorDash is on the hook to pay the entire guaranteed amount.
In July, DoorDash announced it would change its tipping model, about a month after it doubled down on that same model. In August, DoorDash revealed how its new model would work but it later made clear that it would not be paying back any workers for lost wages.
"There's no 'back pay' at issue here because every cent of every tip on DoorDash has always gone and will always go to Dashers," a DoorDash spokesperson previously told TechCrunch via email in response to a question about whether or not DoorDash would back pay its delivery workers.
When Instacart changed its tipping practices earlier this year, it retroactively compensated shoppers when tips were included in the payment minimums. DoorDash, however, does not see the need for back pay. DoorDash fully implemented its new policy in September.
Meanwhile, DoorDash is funding a ballot initiative alongside Uber and Lyft to try to ensure it doesn't have to treat its workers as W-2 employees.
The ballot measure looks to implement an earnings guarantee of at least 120% of minimum wage while on the job, 30 cents per mile for expenses, a healthcare stipend, occupational accident insurance for on-the-job injuries, protection against discrimination and sexual harassment and automobile accident and liability insurance.
This initiative is a direct response to the legalization of AB-5, the gig worker bill that will make it harder for the likes of Uber, Lyft, DoorDash and other gig economy companies to classify their workers as 1099 independent contractors.
I've reached out to DoorDash and will update this story if I hear back.


Siapa ingat kisah di atas? Baru lebih empat tahun dulu Azmin di anggap seperti Si Tanggang oleh ibu kandungnya sendiri.
Namun, kesemuanya kelihatan baik dan sempurna setelah Azmin menjadi Menteri Besar setelah Abdul Khalid Ibrahim digulingkan oleh rakan-rakan separtinya sendiri melalui Kajang Move.
Sejak itu, Azmin dilihat menjadi semakin lantang bersuara terutamanya dalam usaha memburukkan kerajaan pusat.
Azmin sebenarnya ingin mengukuhkan kedudukannya untuk menghadapi serangan dari dalam parti terutamanya dari kem Wan Azizah. Oleh sebab itu beliau perlu menunjukkan betapa beliau lebih layak menjadi presiden partinya berbanding Wan Azizah yang tiada sebarang pengalaman selain menjadi tempat Anwar Ibrahim meletakkan kakinya semasa duduk berehat.
Mungkin Azmin telah mendapat restu ibunya dan telah berbaik semula dengan adik-beradiknya.
Malang sekali bagi Che Tom Yahaya yang berumur 82 tahun dan kini sakit teruk, kejatuhan matawang Ringgit yang dibuat bising oleh Azmin bermakna beliau wajib bercuti di London untuk Boxing Day sales kerana ianya lebih penting dari kesihatan ibu kandungnya itu.
Lihat sahajalah luahan adiknya Ummi Hafilda.
Patutlah negeri Selangor ni semakin parah keadaannya. Menteri Besar hanya pentingkan dirinya sendiri.
And What If The Malays Unite?
The above is an excerpt from this blog that I had quoted when writing about Bekor.
When Malaya gained independence in 1957, the Malays made up only 49 percent of the population of 6.835 million, a marginalised minority in their own land since the 1930s [Department of Statistics, Federation of Malaya 1957 – Population Census of the Federation of Malaya Report, No.14 by H.Fell].
Of course there was the Penang Hartal of November 1967 and subsequently the 13 May 1969 racial clashes. But by then, the Malays were more united than they were in the late 1940s. Sadly, the Malays are no longer united and not only are they being attacked on anything that is Malay or Muslim by the other races but they are also being undermined by the likes of Rafizi Ramli, and Mahathir Mohamad.
And then came the opposition to the amendments of the Syariah Court (Criminal Jurisdiction) Act, 1965 dubber the 'Hudud' Bill, subsequently 'Hadi' Bill. I wrote about how non-Muslims especially the President of MCA who, I assume being ill-advised by his ignorant adviser and MCA's Religious Harmony Bureau Chairman Ti Lian Ker, decided to oppose the Bill for the sake of opposing, even after the clarification made by the UMNO President, Najib Razak, in a recent speech at the UMNO General Assembly.
This resulted in UMNO delegates calling for the unity of Muslims to support the Bill, also known as the RUU355. While Liow Tiong Lai calls the amendments 'unconstitutional' little does he realise that by interfering in the Muslims' right to manage their own affairs, he is being unconstitutional.
I have seen little or no effort taken by MCA to understand the Bill, or to even explain the current government policies and efforts to assist the rakyat in times of need. There may have been such efforts but they somehow have escaped my radar. If you go to the MCA's Twitter account, between 21 October 2016 until its last post it has not made any effort to convey the correct message to its audience. Rather, topics on RUU355 are all negative.
Every single day be it on Facebook, Twitter or in comments to online news articles, you will see more often than not the non-Malays taking a swipe at every single effort by the government to make lives better.
The most aired 'grouse' is of the rising cost of living. In his closing speech yesterday, Najib Razak stressed that in the seven years as the Prime Minister, he has never approved any application to have the price of 21 essential items like rice, flour, sugar and cooking gas to be increased.
As a matter of fact you can see for yourselves the items which are zero-rated under the GST scheme. If you find any increase in any of the prices of the listed goods, it is your duty to report it to the relevant agencies, especially the Ministry of Domestic Trade, Cooperatives and Consumerism. You can download its Apps in Google Play or Apps Store and use the Apps instead of using the Internet to spread lies or complain to the general public where you will only make things worse instead of solving the problem!
Najib Razak also pointed out that to date 185 Kedai Rakyat 1Malaysia have been established to bring low-priced goods to the people. So, don't blame the government if you prefer to shop at Jaya Grocers, Cold Storage, Mercato or B.I.G. That is the choice that you have made, not the government's.
The problem lies with the retailers. And they will continue to fleece you for as long as you don't report them.
The same also goes to medical treatments. There are 195 Klinik 1Malaysia established nationwide to date, 2,836 government clinics, 139 goverment hospitals, where you can seek treatment for as low as RM1.00! I cannot understand why would anyone, especially kampung folks, seek treatment at private hospitals when they cannot afford it, then make pleas for donations from the public?
And you blame the government saying it does not provide affordable healthcare?
The most terrible whiners are those who go on saying the Ringgit is the worst performing currency that it is no longer accepted anywhere outside Malaysia.
On 31 October 2016, it was the British Pound that was the worst performing currency in the world.
While the Ringgit has dropped by 0.23% against the Greenback in the last two days, Singapore Dollar has dropped by 0.46% while the Japanese Yen dropped by 0.52%!
Do we see the JPY or SGD not being accepted in other countries? Of course not. But the zombies refuse to believe this. Among this year's worst performers (year-to-date) in East Asia are actually the Philipine Peso and China Yuan.
According to Twitter's @econsmalaysia, since Trump's victory the Japanese Yen has lost 9.1% of its value against the Greenback compared to 5.6% for the Ringgit. So pray tell how is the Ringgit the worst performing currency in Asia?
There seems to be nothing good to come out of anything a Malay would say or do, and any move made to strengthen Islam in this country is regarded by the non-Muslims, as unconstitutional or done not in consultation with the non-Muslims. Since when does Article 11 of the Federal Constitution requires the management of affairs of one's religion needs the accord of others? Why are the other races not respecting the position of Islam as the Federation's religion? Does this not reflect what was done to the Malays back in 1947 when the religion of the land was not respected by other races?
"The violation of the sanctity of Islam also became a factor in the bloody Sino-Malay conflict (WO 172/9773. No.30: 478) when the Bintang Tiga/CPM disrupted religious activities in Muslims places of worship. This started in Batu Pahat, Johor, just before the surrender of the Japanese occupiers, during the Muslim month of Ramadhan. Muslims were forbidden from congregating at mosques or suraus to perform the Terawih prayers (Hairi Abdullah, 1974/5: 8-9).
The same occurred in Perak and some parts of Batu Pahat where Muslims were gunned down and burnt together with the mosque they were in during Friday prayers.
Mosques and suraus were often used as places of meeting for the Chinese community (WO 172/9773, No.30: 478) and were tainted by incidents such as slaughtering of pigs, and mosques' compound was used to cook pork, where Malays were forced to join the larger Chinese groups.
And you want to blame the Malays for wanting to unite?
I'm sharing the item below because it is very relevant to those who fear the decline of the Ringgit versus the Greenback. This fear is further underscored by zombies who think the world is going to end tomorrow.
Malay Mail Online) – Today, the Ringgit breached RM4.00 for a dollar.
When I logged in to my Facebook and Twitter accounts, 9 out of 10 posts that appeared on my timeline were slamming the Government on the Ringgit.
To sum them up, youths who dominate social media today were posting comments as though tomorrow spells the end for Malaysia.
And in just the past month, I saw how Malaysians transform from being constitutional experts, to aviation analysts and now economics.
Some even went as far as pushing the blame on Umno and Najib. There's this group called Suara Rakyat who likes to say "other countries are doing better because Umno is not there in their country".
One of the contributing factors faced by these countries is the drop in oil prices. Crude oil was trading at US$70-80/bbl few years ago and today it has fallen below US$ 50 per bbl.
Also, US is not our only trading partner and the performance of our Ringgit is not measured against US dollars alone.
I don't need to name more currencies, do I?
Do you know that the value of our trade with India, Japan and Indonesia is close to 20per cent?
Understandably, we are quick to feed on negative news and quick to comment like an expert on our Facebook and Twitter. That's how things work these days.
Of course, none of you made reference to 1998.
No one remembered the time when the Ringgit crashed to as low as RM4.725 for a dollar on 7 January 1998 (BNM selling rate, over the counter was more than RM4.80).
All of you, who were quick to comment about the state of our economy on your Facebook, were still in school.
So none of you knew, none of you remembered, none of you experienced what happened in 1998 when Anwar Ibrahim was Finance Minister.
c) Inflation was close to 3 per cent without subsidy removals.
If any of you doubt the 2-3 per cent inflation numbers today and felt it is way higher, apply the same thought to 1998-1999.
And yes, average lending rate was over 12 per cent. Those were the days.
You may say it is history and you may continue to slam the Prime Minister, the Central Bank and the Government for today's numbers.
But the next time before you give you get upset and share your anger on Facebook or Twitter, ask yourself whether or not the Ringgit — Dollar exchange rate affects you, and how.
1. Do you shop online from US websites?
2. Are you planning to fly over to US for a holiday?
3. Are you a Malaysian studying in the US?
4. Do you import goods to be resold in Malaysia?
5. Do you buy necessities and food from the US to use here?
6. Do you at all use the US dollar in your daily life?
Because my dear, only if you answer yes to the above, you are affected. Otherwise, what are you shouting and so worried about?
Your salary is still denominated in Ringgit and you don't buy necessities with US dollars.
Sure, no one can deny that it has some impact to some segments especially imports and our plans to travel to US, UK etc. I am also of the opinion that there are many things Najib can do (which he isn't at all now) and I will share more soon.
And guys, the international ratings agencies — Fitch, Moody's and S&P — have all maintained Malaysia's outlook as stable.
There are no economists out there who are saying that Malaysia's economy will collapse, only politicians are saying this.


Sales of wet-wipes continue to soar, in fact estimates suggest that we spend over £500 million per year on wipes for all sorts of purposes – from cleaning our sinks to caring for children.
The fact we are buying them isn't a problem, but what we are doing with them is, because all too often, we are flushing used wet-wipes down the loo. And according to a new study by water company United Utilities, baby wipes are murder on the system!
These wipes are causing massive problems for our sewer systems and the environment because – even if they say they are flushable – they don't break down like toilet tissue.
Homeowners can also be hit with a hefty bill as all too often, the blockage occurs in pipes on their property. On average, it costs around £99 to call out a plumber to fix blocked domestic pipes/toilets (which doesn't include potential water damage caused, etc.).
All these issues can be avoided by binning wipes (or using reusable wipes) rather than flushing them. We should only be flushing the three Ps – pee, poo and toilet paper.
Research by United Utilities suggests that over one in ten people have had to call out a plumber because of flushing the wrong things down the loo.
Many wipes these days are labelled 'flushable'. This means they will go down the loo – it doesn't mean they won't block pipes. They do.
As well as blocking our sewers, flushing wipes is also bad for the environment. For example, the number of wet wipes washing up on beaches in the UK increased by more than 50% last year, according to a report published by the Marine Conservation Society's (MCS).
Many people don't know that water companies aren't responsible for fixing blockages on domestic properties and that insurance companies often won't pay out if the problem was caused by items flushed other than the three Ps.
While adults may be the guilty culprits in terms of flushing wipes away, United Utilities research shows that children will often flush the most unusual items given half the chance!
For more advice at check the United Utilities page – Think Before You Flush. The website contains loads of useful resources including videos, pictures and reports, and a competition to win £25 Boots vouchers (ends 30/06/2016). The site also has a really nice downloadable pack specifically for parents which includes some activities and posters. Don't be wiped out by the cost of unblocking your loo!
Help save the environment and don't use them at all. Why would anyone flush them, Use a cloth and wash them and reuse over and over.
You're so right – and this is what we do in our house! We found that baby wipes are much too harsh for little baby skin, and so we switched to cloth wipes quite early on with our first. The money saving is great, too!
interesting post. I love the three P's. I had never heard that before.
Found this out the hard way when our kids were flushing them down. Now only flushable wipes in the bathrooms.


text:
Oscar Miguel Cacho Malbernat Candela (2 February 1944 – 9 August 2019) was an Argentine footballer, who was the captain of Estudiantes de La Plata between 1967 and 1972, when the team won a local championship in 1967, three consecutive Copa Libertadores titles (1968 to 1970) and one Intercontinental Cup (1968), where he marked Manchester United's George Best. During one of the 1970 Intercontinental Cup games, he ripped off Joop van Daele's glasses and trampled on them claiming that he was "not allowed to play with glasses".

Before his retirement, he played for Boca Juniors in 1972 and Racing Club de Avellaneda in 1973.

After his career Malbernat would become a manager at various clubs all over South America including his former club Estudiantes on two occasions and other clubs in Paraguay, Ecuador, Chile and Peru. Most recently, Malbernat worked as manager of the youth divisions in Estudiantes.

Honours

Club
Estudiantes de La Plata
 Primera División Argentina (1): 1967 Metropolitano
 Copa Libertadores (2): 1968, 1970
 Copa Interamericana (1): 1968
 Copa Intercontinental (1): 1968

References

External links

Oscar Malbernat at El Crack

1944 births
2019 deaths
Argentine footballers
Estudiantes de La Plata footballers
Boca Juniors footballers
Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
Argentine Primera División players
Copa Libertadores-winning players
Argentine football managers
Cerro Porteño managers
Club Nacional de Football managers
Estudiantes de La Plata managers
Club Guaraní managers
Club Universitario de Deportes managers
Universidad San Martín managers
L.D.U. Quito managers
Barcelona S.C. managers
C.D. El Nacional managers
S.D. Quito managers
Audax Italiano managers
Cobreloa managers
Coquimbo Unido managers
Deportes Antofagasta managers
Provincial Osorno managers
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Chile
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Paraguay
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Peru
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Uruguay
Expatriate football managers in Chile
Expatriate football managers in Ecuador
Expatriate football managers in Paraguay
Expatriate football managers in Peru
Expatriate football managers in Uruguay
Footballers from La Plata
Association football defenders
Club Nacional managers


text:
package com.vaadin.event;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.List;

import com.vaadin.data.provider.DataProvider;
import com.vaadin.data.provider.SortOrder;
import com.vaadin.shared.Registration;
import com.vaadin.ui.Component;

/**
 * Event describing a change in sorting of a {@link DataProvider}. Fired by
 * {@link SortNotifier SortNotifiers}.
 *
 * @see SortListener
 * @see SortOrder
 * @param <T>
 *            the type of the sorting information
 *
 * @since 8.0
 * @author Vaadin Ltd
 */
public class SortEvent<T extends SortOrder<?>> extends Component.Event
        implements HasUserOriginated {

    private final List<T> sortOrder;
    private final boolean userOriginated;

    /**
     * Creates a new sort order change event with a sort order list.
     *
     * @param source
     *            the component from which the event originates
     * @param sortOrder
     *            the new sort order list
     * @param userOriginated
     *            true if event is a result of user interaction,
     *            false if from API call
     */
    public SortEvent(Component source, List<T> sortOrder,
            boolean userOriginated) {
        super(source);
        this.sortOrder = sortOrder;
        this.userOriginated = userOriginated;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the sort order list.
     *
     * @return the sort order list
     */
    public List<T> getSortOrder() {
        return sortOrder;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isUserOriginated() {
        return userOriginated;
    }

    /**
     * Listener for sort order change events.
     *
     * @param <T>
     *            the type of the sorting information
     */
    @FunctionalInterface
    public interface SortListener<T extends SortOrder<?>> extends Serializable {
        /**
         * Called when the sort order has changed.
         *
         * @param event
         *            the sort order change event
         */
        public void sort(SortEvent<T> event);
    }

    /**
     * The interface for adding and removing listeners for {@link SortEvent
     * SortEvents}.
     *
     * @param <T>
     *            the type of the sorting information
     */
    public interface SortNotifier<T extends SortOrder<?>> extends Serializable {
        /**
         * Adds a sort order change listener that gets notified when the sort
         * order changes.
         *
         * @param listener
         *            the sort order change listener to add
         * @return a registration object for removing the listener
         */
        public Registration addSortListener(SortListener<T> listener);
    }
}


text:
Q: When does the game end? A recent question has inspired the following one.
$M$ people ($M\ge2$) play the following game. Each round every person admitted to the round rolls a $K$-sided dice ($K\ge2$), the sides being marked with numbers from $1$ to $K$. If only a single person has the highest score, the game ends. Otherwise the people with the highest score are admitted to the next round and the game continues. What is the probability that the game ends exactly in $n$ rounds?

A: Neat problem! Thanks for posting.
The first thing to notice is that at any state of the game, if you have $a$ players remaining, then the probability of yielding $b$ players in the next round is independent of which round you're at. Hence we can talk about $P(a,b)$, the probability of transitioning from $a$ players to $b$ players in one round.
Playing a round with $a > 1$ players, there $K^a$ possible rolls. To find the number of ways we end up with $b \geq 1$ players, we first note that there are $a \choose b$ ways to pick which $b$ players continue. Then, letting $k$ denote the value that these $b$ players roll, we find that there are $(k-1)^{a-b}$ ways for the players to roll this result: the $b$ continuing players must all roll $k$, and the remaining players must all roll between $1$ and $k-1$. Hence we can write (with the convention $0^0 = 1$)
$$P(a,b) = \frac{{a\choose b}\displaystyle\sum_{k=1}^K (k-1)^{a-b}}{K^a}$$
Once you have these probabilities, the game itself is a Markov chain. Your states are the integers from $1$ to $M$ denoting the number of players remaining. In any step, the probability of transitioning from state $a$ to state $b$ with $a \ge b \ge 1$ and $a \ne 1$ is exactly $P(a,b)$. State 1 is an absorbing state, and transitions to state 1 with probability 1. All other transition probabilities are 0. So your transition matrix looks like
$$T=\left(\begin{matrix}P(M,M) & P(M,M-1) & P(M,M-2) & \cdots & P(M,1)\\
0 & P(M-1,M-1) & P(M-1,M-2) & \cdots & P(M-1,1)\\
&&\vdots\\0 & 0 & \cdots & P(2,2) & P(2,1)\\ 0 & 0 & \cdots & 0 & 1\end{matrix}\right)$$
The entry in the upper right corner of $T^n$ is the probability of being in state 1 (i.e. the game has ended) after $n$ rounds. But, since this is an absorbing state, this is the probability that the game ends in round $n$ or before. To get the probability of ending after exactly $n$ rounds, you need to subtract the entry in the upper right corner of $T^{n-1}$ from the upper right entry of $T^n$.

A: The aim of this answer is to present a closed-form solution for the problem. It represents further development of the idea described in the answer of Jeremy Dover. The hard and probably boring part of the proof will be given in the appendix.
For convinience we rewrite the $M\times M$ dimensional matrix $T(M,K)$ introduced by Jeremy Dover as:
$$
T_{ij}=\frac 1{K^i}\binom ij\sum_{k=0}^{K-1}k^{i-j}.
$$
In the sense of transition states the process starts at $T_{MM}$ and ends at $T_{M1}$.
As the matrix $T$ is triangular its eigenvalues are trivially its diagonal elements  $\lambda_m=T_{mm}=\frac{1}{K^{m-1}},\; m=1\dots M.$ As all eigenvalues are distinct the matrix is apparantly diagonalizable by a similarity transformation:
$$
\text{diag}(\lambda_1,\lambda_2,\dots,\lambda_M)=X^{-1}TX.
$$
Knowing the transformation matrix $X$ the powers of the matrix $T$ can be computed as:
$$
T^n=X\text{diag}(\lambda_1^n,\lambda_2^n,\dots,\lambda_M^n)X^{-1}.\tag1
$$
Fortunately, the structures of  matrices $X$ and $X^{-1}$ are rather simple (see Appendix):
$$
X_{ij}=(1-\delta_{i,j-1})\binom i{j-1};\quad X^{-1}_{ij}=\frac 1i\binom ij b_{i-j},
$$
where $b_k$ are the Bernoulli numbers ($b_1=-\frac12$).
Plugging the values into (1) one obtains:
$$
T^n_{M1}(M,K)=\sum_{m=1}^M X_{Mm}\lambda_m^n X^{-1}_{m1}
=\sum_{m=1}^M\binom M{m-1}\frac{b_{m-1}}{K^{(m-1)n}}
=\sum_{m=0}^{M-1}\binom M{m}\frac{b_{m}}{K^{nm}}.\tag2
$$
Finally, the probability for the game to end in the $n$-th round reads:
$$
\boxed{P_n(M,K)=T^n_{M1}-T^{n-1}_{M1}=\sum_{m=0}^{M-1}\binom M{m}\frac{1-K^m}{K^{nm}}b_{m}.}
$$

Note added:
It may be convenient to rewrite the expression (2) as:
$$
T^n_{M1}(M,K)={\cal B}_M\left(\frac1{K^n}\right),
$$
where the function ${\cal B}_M(x)$ is defined as:
$$
{\cal B}_M(x)=\sum_{m=0}^{M-1}\binom M{m}b_{m}x^m\equiv
x^M\left[B_M\left(\frac1x\right)-b_M\right],
$$
with $B_M(x)$ being the Bernoulli polynomial.

Appendix
Proposition 1. The following identity holds for any $p,n\in\mathbb Z_+$:
$$
\sum\limits_{k=0}^{p-1} {\binom {p} k} \sum\limits_{j=0}^{n-1} j^k=n^p.\tag{*}
$$
Proof:
$$\begin {align} &(j+1)^{p}=\sum\limits_{k=0}^{p} {\binom {p} k} j^k\\
\implies& (j+1)^{p} - j^{p} =\sum\limits_{k=0}^{p-1} {\binom {p} k} j^k\\ \implies&\sum\limits_{j=0}^{n-1} \left[(j+1)^{p} - j^{p}\right] = \sum\limits_{j=0}^{n-1} \sum\limits_{k=0}^{p-1} {\binom {p} k} j^k\\
\implies& n^{p}= \sum\limits_{k=0}^{p-1} {\binom {p} k} \sum\limits_{j=0}^{n-1} j^k.
\end {align}
$$
Introducing the notation $S^{(n)}_k= \sum\limits_{j=0}^{n-1} j^k$ the set of the equations $(*)$ with the exponent of $n$ varying from $1$ to $p$ is equivalent to the matrix equation:
$$
\left(\begin{array}l
n\vphantom{\binom00}\\
n^2\vphantom{\binom00}\\
n^3\vphantom{\binom00}\\
\vdots\\
n^p\vphantom{\binom00}
\end{array}\right)=
\begin{pmatrix}
\binom10&0&0&\cdots& 0\\
\binom20&\binom21&0&\cdots& 0\\
\binom30&\binom31&\binom32&\cdots& 0\\
\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\
\binom p0&\binom p1&\binom p2&\cdots& \binom p{p-1}\\
\end{pmatrix}
\left(\begin{array}l
S^{(n)}_0\\
S^{(n)}_1\\
S^{(n)}_2\\
\vdots\\
S^{(n)}_{p-1}
\end{array}\right).
$$
Denoting the matrix of binomial coefficients as $X$, one observes that its determinant is non-zero and the equation can be inverted obtaining:
$$
\left(\begin{array}l
S^{(n)}_0\\
S^{(n)}_1\\
S^{(n)}_2\\
\vdots\\
S^{(n)}_{p-1}
\end{array}\right)=
\begin{pmatrix}
X^{-1}_{11}&0&0&\cdots& 0\\
X^{-1}_{21}&X^{-1}_{22}&0&\cdots& 0\\
X^{-1}_{31}&X^{-1}_{32}&X^{-1}_{33}&\cdots& 0\\
\vdots&\vdots&\vdots&\ddots&\vdots\\
X^{-1}_{p1}&X^{-1}_{p2}&X^{-1}_{p3}&\cdots& X^{-1}_{pp}\\
\end{pmatrix}
\left(\begin{array}l
n\vphantom{\binom00}\\
n^2\vphantom{\binom00}\\
n^3\vphantom{\binom00}\\
\vdots\\
n^p\vphantom{\binom00}
\end{array}\right).
$$
Comparing the expression with the well-known one:
$$
S^{(n)}_{p-1}=\frac1p\sum_{j=0}^{p-1}\binom pj b_j n^{p-j}=
\frac1p\sum_{j'=1}^{p}\binom p{j'} b_{p-j'} n^{j'},\tag{**}
$$
one obtains:
Proposition 2. The matrix elements of $X^{-1}$ are:
$$
X^{-1}_{ij}=\frac 1i\binom ij b_{i-j},
$$
where $b_k\equiv b^-_k$ are the Bernoulli numbers taken with the convention $b_1=-\frac12$. Observe that on the cited above Wikipedia page the formula similar to (**) is given for $S^{(n+1)}_p$ in terms of $b^+$ without a direct mention of this.
Proposition 2 can be proved also directly.
Proposition 3. The columns of the matrix $X$ are the eigenvectors of the matrix $T$.
Proof. Acting by matrix $T$ on the $m$-th column of the matrix $X$:
$$
v^{(m)}_j=\begin{cases}
0,& 1\le j<m;\\
\binom{j}{m-1},& m\le j\le M.
\end{cases}
$$
one obtains:
$$\begin{align}
\sum_{j=1}^M T_{ij} v^{(m)}_j
&=\sum_{j=m}^M\frac 1{K^i}\binom ij\binom{j}{m-1}\sum_{k=0}^{K-1}k^{i-j}\\
&=\frac 1{K^i}\binom i{m-1}\sum_{j=m}^i\binom{i+1-m}{i-j}\sum_{k=0}^{K-1}k^{i-j}\\
&=\frac 1{K^i}\binom i{m-1}\sum_{j'=0}^{i-m}\binom{i+1-m}{j'}\sum_{k=0}^{K-1}k^{j'}\\
&\stackrel{(*)}=\frac 1{K^i}\binom i{m-1}K^{i+1-m}\\
&=\frac 1{K^{m-1}}\binom i{m-1}=\lambda_m v^{(m)}_i.
\end{align}
$$


text:
legalization of drugs
Considerable evidence suggests that the legalization of drugs would create behavioral and public health problems to a degree that would far outweigh the current consequences of the drug prohibition. There are some excellent reasons why marijuana, cocaine, crack, heroin, and other drugs are now controlled, and why they ought to remain so. ?(Inciardi 2008 p 288).
In 2001 Portugal decriminalised possession and personal use of all drugs including heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine. In 2009 this approach was in the process of being implemented in Mexico and Argentina whilst Brazil and Ecuador are considering partial decriminalisation
Do you believe that the Portuguese approach would be an appropriate path for Australia to take or would you support Inciardi's contention that the state has a legitimate role in determining which substances we can consume to our hearts content (alcohol, tobacco) and those that we must not touch for fear of prosecution?
Discuss what you consider to be an appropriate role for the Australian state to take in regulating substance use (including alcohol and tobacco) and controlling individual behaviour when they are patently harming themselves and possibly other community members?
There is no correct" answer to this assignment but you must support your argument with reference to the literature. You can be as radically progressive or as conservative as you wish; you may even conclude that the current system where government regulation is in place is the best approach. You must reference your work and provide a critique of information gathered from your research.
While there is no doubt that problems have been caused by gambling and by poker machines, these negatives do not justify stopping the 97.9 per cent who are not classed as 'problem' gamblers from consuming a product they enjoy. A 2003 survey in Victoria found that only 4 per cent of people had found gambling had a negative impact on their lives, compared to 21 per cent who found it had a positive impact (and 75 per cent for whom it made no difference). Why should the needs of the 4 per cent outweigh the 21 per cent? ?(Allsop 2008:15)
Do you agree with Allsop when he contests that the individual is best placed to decide when and where s/he chooses to gamble and that the state should have only a minor role in regulating such behavior? ?Discuss what you consider to be an appropriate role is role for the Australian state to take in the regulation of gambling activity and controlling individual behaviour particularly when they are patently harming themselves and possibly other community members?
There is no correct" answer to this assignment but you must support your argument with reference to the literature?You can be as radically progressive or as conservative as you wish; you may even conclude that the current system where government regulation is in place but that adults can easily participate in gambling activities is the best approach. You must reference your work and provide a critique of information gathered from your research.?
This assignment is designed to help you:
demonstrate an understanding of the importance of contemporary public opinion on the development of social and political responses to substance use; ?
articulate the central tenets of Australia's harm minimisation approach to drug use;? describe the key historical drivers in the development of Australia's drug policy;?
critically assess the factors that influence the development of government legislation in addressing drug and alcohol use and gambling in society;? explain the differences between the concepts of decriminalisation and legalisation in relation to possession of currently illicit substances;?
describe the central tenets of a range of theoretical frameworks relating to the construct of drug addiction;
? demonstrate an understanding of the importance of contemporary public opinion on the development of social and political responses to substance use;? display critical and reflective judgment;?
demonstrate research skills;? show evidence of independent learning.?
As such, this task is designed to assess your progress with learning the following subject outcomes:
? Be able to describe the processes of drug absorption and distribution
Be able to describe the actions of various drugs in the Central Nervous System
Be able to describe the mechanisms of tolerance, physical dependence and withdrawal
Be able to describe the influence of psychological, social, cultural and political factors on drug dependence
Be able to outline behavioural and social models of drug dependence.?
?Here are the key marking criteria and percentage considerations for this assessment item:
? Demonstrate and apply knowledge of the topic
? Present an argument supported by evidence
? Demonstrate critical reflection in their analysis of the topic
? Communicate in academic writing:
? Structure
? Conventions of written English (grammar, punctuation, spelling)
? Research skills and utilisation of relevant and appropriate literature
? Consistent implementation of appropriate referencing requirements
Considerations will be given to:
50% Addressed the required content. ?
30% Presented own ideas using clear description and logical analysis and argument. ?
10% Used research skills to identify and collate relevant material. ?
10% Presented work logically and with good grammar, spelling, punctuation and referenced according to accepted convention.
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text:
Appointments Available – Oneida County Has More Than 5,000 New Vaccine Doses
Jeff Monaski Published: March 3, 2021
(Photo by David Greedy/Getty Images)
Oneida County Executive Anthony Picente says county operated PODs will look to vaccinate more than 5,000 area residents over the next five days.
Picente says the county recently received more than five thousand new doses from the state, a combination of Pfizer, Moderna and recently approved Johnson and Johnson vaccines.
Residents can visit to schedule an appointment. Picente says the county will book appointments for each location one day prior to the POD schedule. In other words, they won't be booking appointments for Sunday's POD, for examble, until Saturday:
Thursday, March 4 -
9:30 a.m. to 1:30p.m. at St Paul's Baptist Church on Leah Street in Utica
Friday, March 5 -
8:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. in the Turning Stone Event Center at the Turning Stone
Saturday, March 6 -
8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. at the former JC Penny, Sangertown Square, New Hartford
Sunday, March 7 -
9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m, drive-thru POD at Griffiss International Airport in Rome
Monday, March 8 -
8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. at Turning Stone Event Center at Turning Stone
The county executive said approximately 200 vaccines will be available at the St Paul's POD on Friday - one he called a neighborhood POD focusing on minority residents. Picente said the full-day PODs at the Turning Stone Resort and Casino would administer approximately 2,500 first dose vaccine over the two days.
Oneida County is also coordinating a future POD, partnering with the Oneida Indian Nation and Kinney Drugs. Details haven't yet been finalized but Picente said that POD will be specifically for those 65 and older.
The county executive said county-operated PODs have administered more than 8,700 doses of the vaccine to local residents thus far.
Filed Under: COVID-19 vaccine
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