text:
Nitzavim-Vayeilech 5771-2011
"Renewing the Covenant"
by Rabbi Ephraim Z. Buchwald
In this week's double parashiot, Nitzavim-Vayeilech, Moses, on the last day of his life, dramatically gathers all the people of Israel, from the most noble and notable, to the meekest and the most modest, to pass them all through the covenant of G-d.
On this fateful day, Moses speaks boldly to the people of Israel in the name of G-d, saying (Deuteronomy 29:9-14), "Ah'tem nee'tza'veem ha'yohm kool'chem lifnay Hashem Eh'lo'kay'chem, ra'shay'chem shiv'tay'chem zik'nay'chem v'shoht'ray'chem, kol eesh Yisrael," You are standing today, all of you, before the L-rd, your G-d: the heads of your tribes, your elders, and your officers–all the men of Israel; your small children, your women and your proselyte who is in the midst of your camp, from the hewer of your wood to the drawer of your water. In order to initiate you into the covenant of the L-rd, your G-d, and into His oath, that the L-rd, your G-d, seals with you today. In order to establish you today as a people to Him, and that He be a G-d to you, as He spoke to you, and as He swore to your forefathers, to Abraham, to Isaac and to Jacob. Not with you alone do I seal this covenant and this oath, but with whoever is here, standing with us today before the L-rd our G-d, and with whoever is not here with us today.
Our commentators point out that all previous covenants were concluded with individuals. Now, for the first time, a national covenant is enacted with all the people–past, present and future.
What does it mean to conclude a covenant with the past, present and future members of the nation? There are those who say that the covenant with G-d was purposely executed in this manner in order to negate the argument of those who would say that G-d gave the land of Israel only to the contemporary generation, the generation of the wilderness, and not to future generations. There can now be no doubt that the land was given to all generations.
When Moses declares, in Deuteronomy 29:14, "Kee et ah'sher yesh'no poh ee'mah'noo o'mayd ha'yom lif'nay Hashem Eh'lo'kay'noo, v'ayt ah'sher ay'neh'noo poh ee'mah'noo ha'yom," He is declaring that this covenant is concluded with those who are here, standing with us today, and with those who are not here. The redundant language of "poh" and "ee'mah'noo" (here and with us) implies that it is possible to be physically present but not spiritually connected to the people of Israel, and to be physically absent, but spiritually connected to the people of Israel.
The multi-generational tradition of Judaism is an essential thesis of Judaism. Each day, Jews throughout the world say in the central daily prayer of the Amidah the words, "Eh'lo'kay'noo vay'lo'kay ah'vo'tayn'oo," Our G-d, and G-d of our fathers. Certainly most Jews believe in Judaism because of their inherited traditions, because they were fated to be born the children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren of Jews, whose legacy they treasure. Who knows how many Jews would have identified with Judaism if it weren't for the fact that their grandparents and great-grandparents were Jews? It is this genetic identification that makes it possible for Jews, who never themselves went out of Egypt, to still relive the exodus each year at their Passover Seders. Even Jews who were not physically at Mount Sinai still celebrate the giving of the Torah on Simchat Torah and Shavuot, as if they were there. Judaism is a birthright that gives legitimacy to the claim of being part of the Jewish nation.
But, how could Moses have made a covenant with future generations who were unable to agree or disagree with the covenant, or to accept or refuse to be a part of the agreement?
It was undoubtedly Moses' intention to mobilize all the people of his time, to help them focus, not only on the past, not only on the present, but specifically on the future. Moses intended to have the Jews who were with him understand that their sincerity, passion and commitment at the time that Moses concluded the covenant with them would impact profoundly on future generations. The people's lack of sincerity and passion would certainly reduce the commitment of future generations, while their enthusiasm when embracing the covenant, would benefit all future generations.
Parashat Nitzavim is always read on the Shabbat before Rosh Hashana. It is no accident that the theme of "Teshuva" (repentance) is repeated no less than eight times in different forms in the first ten verses of chapter 30.
As the High Holy Days rapidly approach, we must surely renew our commitment to the covenant of old. We must feel the passion of our ancestors and affirm that commitment in our own daily lives. But most of all, we need to recognize that our actions today will serve as guideposts for future generations and greatly impact upon them.
Surely, the legacy that we create today will either attract or repel future generations.
Our commitment today to Jewish life must be firm. Our commitment today to Jewish education, for ourselves and for our children, must be uncompromised. Our commitment today to the survival of the State of Israel and its people must be unshakable. Our commitment to G-d and to the Jewish future must be total and unambiguous.
After all, when Moses spoke 3,300 years ago in the name of G-d, he was speaking to us. And now, we must respond to him, by wholeheartedly embracing G-d's covenant.
L'shana Tovah Ti'katevu–-May you be written and inscribed for a blessed and peaceful year!
May you be blessed.
Rosh Hashanah is observed this year on Wednesday evening and all day Thursday and Friday, September 28, 29 and 30, 2011.
The Fast of Gedaliah will be observed on Sunday, October 2nd from dawn until nightfall.
May we all be inscribed in the Book of Life, and may all our prayers be answered favorably.
Tagged: -Renewing the Covenant, 2011, 5771, birthright, commitment to Jewish life, future generations, giving of Torah on Mount Sinai, High Holy Days, Judaism, land of Israel given to all generations of Jews, Moses, national covenant, Nitzavim, Passover Seder, Rabbi Buchwald, Rosh Hashanah, spiritually connected, Vayeilech.


text:
package org.fluentjava.iwant.api.wsdef;

import java.util.Set;

import org.fluentjava.iwant.api.javamodules.JavaModule;

public interface IwantPluginWish {

	Set<JavaModule> withDependencies();

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Image result for Nvidia GeForce GTX 1050 and GTX 1050 Ti review: The new budget gaming champions HD 17:48 Our test system We tested the MSI GTX 1050 OC and EVGA GTX 1050 SC Gaming on PCWorld's dedicated graphics card benchmark system. Our testbed's loaded with high-end components to avoid bottlenecks in other parts of the system and show unfettered graphics performance. Key highlights: Intel's Core i7-5960X ($1,000 on Amazon) with a Corsair Hydro Series H100i closed-loop water cooler ($104.20 on Amazon). An Asus X99 Deluxe motherboard ($280 on Amazon). Corsair's Vengeance LPX DDR4 memory ($94 on Amazon), Obsidian 750D full-tower case ($145 on Amazon), and 1,200-watt AX1200i power supply ($310 on Amazon). A 480GB Intel 730 series SSD ($245 on Amazon). Windows 10 Pro ($199 on Amazon). We're comparing the $110 MSI GTX 1050 OC and $140 EVGA GTX 1050 Ti against Sapphire's $140 4GB Radeon RX 460, XFX's $220 Radeon RX 470 Black Edition, and the GTX 1050's predecessors, the EVGA GTX 750 Ti and EVGA GTX 950 SSC. (Remember, however, that the GTX 950 wasn't considered a direct GTX 750 successor like the GTX 1050 is, and demands a six-pin power connector—as does the 4GB RX 460). All of these cards are custom-cooled, overclocked models. We benchmark every game using the default graphics settings unless otherwise noted, with all vendor-specific special features—such as Nvidia's GameWorks effects, AMD's TressFX, and FreeSync/G-Sync—as well as VSync and frame rate caps disabled. Based on the target performance of the GTX 1050 and GTX 1050 Ti, we're looking at 1080p results alone today, including Medium fidelity. Test 1: The Division The Division, a gorgeous third-person shooter/RPG that mixes elements of Destiny and Gears of War, kicks things off with Ubisoft's new Snowdrop engine. gtx 1050 division The GTX 1050 comes out slightly ahead of the RX 460 here, while the extra horsepower inside the GTX 1050 Ti widens the gulf. Both of Nvidia's new cards clear a console-matching 30 frames per second at Ultra graphics settings, while the GTX 1050 Ti indeed flirts with 60 fps if you drop the eye candy down to Medium. The $110 GTX 1050 also essentially ties the older GTX 950 in the closest matchup between the two very evenly matched cards. Also note how much of a whupping the GTX 1050 family puts on the older GTX 750 Ti, and how much of a leap in performance stepping up to a $180 to $200 Radeon RX 470 offers. You'll see similar results in every game tested. Test 2: Hitman Hitman's Glacier engine heavily favors AMD hardware. It's no surprise; Hitman's a flagship AMD Gaming Evolved title, complete with a DirectX 12 mode that was patched in after the game's launch. Important note: Hitman automatically caps the game's Shadow Maps and Shadow Resolution to medium, and Texture Quality to low, on cards with less than 4GB of onboard memory. Because our sampling represents a mix of 2GB and 4GB cards, we tested at Medium settings with Texture Quality set to low in both DX11 and DX12. The 4GB cards tested here could boost image quality across the board in this game. gtx 1050 hitman The 2GB GTX 1050 sees performance dip in DirectX 12, but that's common in 2GB cards. Comparing the Radeon RX 460 and GTX 1050's best results (DX12 and DX11, respectively) shows Nvidia's card holding a slight performance advantage. Once again, Nvidia's new budget card barely beats out the last-gen GTX 950. The $140 EVGA GTX 1050 Ti holds a commanding lead over the 4GB Sapphire Nitro RX 460 OC, even though it costs the same and Hitman is an AMD Gaming Evolved title. This isn't shaping up well for the 4GB Radeon RX 460 at all. Test 3: Rise of the Tomb Raider Whereas Hitman adores Radeon GPUs, Rise of the Tomb Raider performs much better on GeForce cards. It's also the single most drop-dead gorgeous PC game I've ever laid my eyes on. We only test the game's DirectX 11 mode. gtx 1050 rotr While the GTX 1050 cards were able to overcome Hitman's Radeon focus to deliver a win over the RX 460, Team Red failed to pull off a similar upset in this GeForce-centric game. The GTX 1050 pummels the 4GB RX 460, and the GTX 1050 Ti outright embarrasses it by about 20 frames per second, even though the Sapphire card packed an extra six-pin power connection. Nvidia's new cards also thoroughly outpace the older GTX 750 Ti. For The Next Game See The Next Post!!!
For The Next Game See The Next Post!!!


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Guerilla Gay Bar gathers steam in Montco
Local community activist Richard Russell Buttacavoli is resurrecting a tradition in Montgomery County in the form of Guerilla Gay Bar, which has its next event Jan. 11 at Coyote Crossing in Conshohocken.
Cooking, training and, most importantly, giving
Damian Walther is the out gay founder and CEO of spoon, (yes, "spoon," with a lowercase "s"), a new meal delivery service that launched the first week in December. The company provides healthy, balanced and tasty meals a la carte.
Bryn + Dane's makes healthy food convenient
We're still in the midst of the holidays, but maybe it's time to start thinking about eating healthier (if that's your thing) to mitigate the damage done by an endless parade of turkey legs, gingerbread and spiked eggnog. Luckily, eatery chain Bryn + Dane's (834 Chestnut St.) is here to make eating healthy quick, easy and fun.
Branzino bounces back in perfect style
Classic Italian restaurant, Branzino, 261 S. 17th St., is back in action this year after a fire forced it to close for two years. But judging from the menu and services, that long dormancy didn't cause the restaurant to miss a step.
Southern, Latin and Eastern influences converge
Located in one of the more laid back sections of the famed Philly corridor, The Cambridge, 1508 South St., has once again revamped its menu, this time bringing Southwestern and Asian influences to accent the southern charms.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Human Trafficking News Bulletin. July 19, 2021
Human Trafficking Fusion Center™ > HT News > HT News > Human Trafficking News Bulletin. July 19, 2021
It is a common myth that trafficking only occurs when victims are taken away from their town, state, or country. One does not have to be physically moved to other areas to be victims, however, intra-regional and domestic trafficking are the major forms of trafficking in persons in the US.
California 3-Year Investigation Leads to Arrest of Santa Maria Man on Human Trafficking Charges A three-year investigation has led to the arrest of a Santa Maria man, Raymond Crandell, who allegedly was involved in multiple incidents of human trafficking in Santa Barbara County. The arrest warrant includes one count of human trafficking of a minor, seven counts of pimping, and seven counts of pandering — all felonies.
Maryland Baltimore Sex Trafficker Sentenced to 10 Years in Federal Prison for Sex Trafficking Four Minor Victims Dean recruited, harbored, transported, and maintained five females, including four minors ranging from 15 to 17 years old, to engage in commercial sex acts. Dean utilized social media and cellular telephones to recruit, monitor, direct, and communicate with the four girls and the woman. Dean rented hotel rooms in Timonium and Laurel, Maryland to be used by the victims to engage in commercial sex acts.
Texas Man tried to prostitute child, 8, for $800 an hour, police say Dorian Frost has been arrested after allegedly trying to prostitute an 8-year-old child at a rate of $800 an hour. Frost, is now facing a felony charge of the promotion of prostitution of a person younger than 18 years of age following his arrest last week. Ohio Akron hotel clerk charged with promoting prostitution, 5 victims referred to help After a human trafficking sting, There is still an ongoing investigation and Collective Liberty will continue to monitor.
Utah Traveling Carnival Owner Arrested In Ogden For Alleged Labor Trafficking Arizona man, Jordan Nathaniel Jensen, has been arrested by the Utah Attorney General's Office for labor trafficking. He was charged with three counts of human trafficking, a second-degree felony, and nine counts of possession of another's identity documents; which in this case was passports and a third-degree felony.
Louisiana Undercover agents arrest Texas man for human trafficking A Texas man was arrested on Monday, June 28 for human trafficking a young woman in Louisiana. The victim explained that he was getting ready to transport her to Texas to continue trafficking her. Undercover agents with the Bossier Sheriff/Police Narcotics/Vice Task Force arrested Dramain Green, 30, during a vice investigation in Bossier City. Green was charged with pandering, promoting prostitution, human trafficking, and possession of marijuana.
Georgia Homeland Security needs help finding possible additional victims in a human trafficking investigation at a Georgia Motel. The investigation involves Shreesh Tiwari, the owner and manager of a Budgetel Inn in Cartersville. Allegations suggest that Tiwari forced multiple women to engage in sex acts with him in exchange for housing and if the women refused his advances, they were evicted from the hotel. This case is being investigated by HSI with assistance from the Georgia Bureau of Investigation and the Bartow County Drug Taskforce.
Illicit massage parlors often profit from the sale of trafficked women's bodies. These women may be tightly controlled by debt bondage, fear, and shame.
Rhode Island FBI, Providence, North Providence Police Raid Multiple Locations in Possible Prostitution Sting Providence Police Departments were joined by the FBI in multiple raids. One of the properties that housed one of the alleged illegal massage parlors is a corporation owned by one of the state's most influential couples, the two earn more than $300,000 annually. According to Cranston Police, "Detectives uncovered what they believe to be evidence of labor trafficking as well as prostitution. A substantial amount of U.S currency was seized, and records and information will be utilized in an ongoing investigation of human trafficking. Homeland Security Investigations continues to assist with the joint investigation."
North Carolina Six Women Arrested, Indicted in Alleged Illegal Massage Parlor Operation Six women from Flushing, New York, and Little River, South Carolina were arrested on charges of conspiracy, bribery, operating illegal massage parlors, and offering prostitution. Five of the women arrested allegedly conspired to pay bribes to a law enforcement officer (who was actually undercover as a corrupt law enforcement officer) to provide protection for their businesses.
Connecticut Man held on $10,000 bail in connection with Westfield-based sex trafficking ring In a statewide sex trafficking investigation that focused on massage parlors, Green Palace Massage therapy was one of the four spas that fell under surveillance by the Westfield police. Connecticut man, John H. Smalls was arrested in connection with this investigation, and he was charged with sex trafficking of a person for sexual servitude. He is now being held on $10,000 bail.


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Govt seeks to amend Right to Information act, proposes increase in RTI application fee
The Union Government On Monday Seeks To Amend Right To Information Act Which Includes An Increase In RTI Application Fee And Limiting The Application To 500 Words.
News Nation Bureau | Edited By : Prakhar Sharma | Updated on: 03 Apr 2017, 01:08:14 PM
The government has made a draft of an amended Right to Information Act, PTI reported on Monday. The Department of Personnel and Training has put out a notice on its website seeking suggestions from the public by April 15.
According to the amendments, an applicant can now file complaints within 135 days of filing the RTI application, the agency reported. The government has also decided to give power to the Central Information Commission to convert a complaint into second appeal. At present, Section 18 of the RTI Act provides for complaint while Section 19 of the RTI Act provides mechanism of second appeal.
The Centre will also allow the Commission to decide whether an appeal or a complaint can be withdrawn upon request from the applicant, though such withdrawals will not be allowed once the matter has been decided.
Also Read: Right to Information Act 2012 to be replaced: Modi Govt invites public opinion on draft rules
First Published : 03 Apr 2017, 01:03:00 PM


text:
Stratification Systems: Castes and Social Class
Stratification Systems Castes And Social Class
Stratification systems define the ways in which a society exist in several groups of people based on their social and economic status, profession and revenue, financial and social status and their political influence. Stratification exists globally but occurs differently in different societies. Social stratification not only characterizes inequality but also features the societal beliefs. Stratification features the various traits in the society and passes from one generation to the other. There exist several forms of stratification systems in the modern society. The most common forms of stratification systems include the castes system and the class system. The two systems differ in various ways.
The class system involves an open system in which social stratification divides people into different subsets whose members possess different levels of access to the societys resources (Berente, Gal, & Hansen, 2010). The class system has economic and cultural variations existing among the different subsets. On the other hand, the castes system also features the division of the population into various social categories with different rights to use certain features. People born in a poor background will not have access to certain resources and services that people born rich will have access. There is a similarity in both the class and the caste system in the different levels of accessibility to social resources by the various social groups.
The open social class system also possesses the social mobility trait. Social mobility exists due to the existence of different education among other opportunities. Social mobility also involves the change from one societal class to another, for example, a poor person in the lower class acquiring wealth and entering the upper class. The caste system is among the closed stratification systems. In the caste system, people are born into the various societal categories based on their familys status in which they will remain for the rest of their lives (Zacharias, &Vakulabharanam, 2011). Unlike the social class stratification system, which features social mobility in the societal classes, the caste system has a low or no social mobility.
Also, the class system is open to the change in classes in which an individual or group can move from one class to another. The class system has social mobility in which an individuals hard work and success defines their position and rank in the society (Berente, Gal, & Hansen, 2010). An individual with the ability to work hard and acquire riches can move from the lower class to the upper. Lazy people in the society would also fall lower from their class level. On the other hand, the caste system has no social mobility in which one born in a poor background has to accept their fate. In the caste system, an individual cannot shape their destiny nor advance in their class.
The United States of America integrates the open class system. Most industrial societies such as the United States feature the class system, which supports social mobility. The class system in the United States splits the people into different classes based on their economic and financial status. The class system in the United States has three categories including the lower class, the middle class, and the upper class.
In conclusion, the caste and the social class stratification systems have several similarities and differences. The variations in the stratification systems involve the social mobility feature in the social categories created by the stratification systems. Social mobility encompasses the change from one social class or group to another. The social class system features social mobility while the caste system has low or no mobility. The United States of America integrates the social class stratification system in which there are three social classes. Social stratification features inequality among the various social categories.
Berente, N., Gal, U., & Hansen, S. (2010). Ethical implications of social stratification in information systems research. Information Systems Journal, 21(4), 357-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2575.2010.00353.x
Witt, J. 2016. SOC 2016: Social Class in the United States. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill,
Zacharias, A., & Vakulabharanam, V. (2011). Caste stratification and wealth inequality in India. World Development, 39(10), 1820-1833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.04.026
The Functionalist Perspective in Social Institutions
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package com.rabidgremlin.romo.cmdgen;

/**
 * This step generates the data for a Romo command. A Romo audio command consists of 12 bits of data.
 *
 * The left audio channel is used as a timing/clock channel and consists of 12 pairs of high and low alternations. The right
 * audio channel is used to send the data bits. It consists of 12 values encoded as a high (for an on bit) or mid (for an off
 * bit). Each data bit on the right channel is as long as one high/low clock alternation.
 *
 * @author jack@rabidgremlin.com
 *
 */
public class CommandStep implements SequenceStep
{
  private String commandBits;
  private int sampleRate;
  private double msPerCommandBit;

  /**
   * Constructor.
   *
   * @param commandBits
   *          The command bits represented as a String of 1's and 0's.
   * @param sampleRate
   *          The sample rate. Used to to frames.
   * @param msPerCommandBit
   *          The length of each command bit in milliseconds.
   */
  public CommandStep(String commandBits, int sampleRate, double msPerCommandBit)
  {
    this.commandBits = commandBits;
    this.sampleRate = sampleRate;
    this.msPerCommandBit = msPerCommandBit;
  }

  /**
   * Utility method to calculate the number of frames that one half (a high or low) of a clock signal takes. Need to work in
   * halfs to avoid rounding errors and ensure that each clock half is equal number of frames.
   *
   * @return Number of frames taken up by half a clock signal.
   */
  private int getFramesPerHalfClock()
  {
    return (int) (sampleRate / 1000 * (msPerCommandBit / 2));
  }

  /**
   * Returns the number of frames required by the command.
   *
   */
  @Override
  public int getLengthInFrames()
  {
    // 12 bits * size of half clock * 2 (so that size of clock signal) * 2 (doubled for lead in)
    return 12 * getFramesPerHalfClock() * 2 * 2;
  }

  /**
   * Fills the buffer with a low signal as a lead in.
   *
   * @param buffer
   *          The buffer to fill.
   */
  private void fillLeadIn(double[][] buffer)
  {
    // lead in is half the size of the calculated frame length
    int leadInSize = getLengthInFrames() / 2;

    // fill with low
    for (int loop = 0; loop < leadInSize; loop++)
    {
      buffer[0][loop] = -1;
      buffer[1][loop] = -1;
    }
  }

  /**
   * Populates the left channel with the clock signal.
   *
   * @param buffer
   *          The buffer to populate.
   */
  private void fillClock(double[][] buffer)
  {
    // get number of frames for half a clock signal
    int framesPerHalfClock = getFramesPerHalfClock();

    // current write position in buffer. Start after lead in
    int bufferPos = getLengthInFrames() / 2;

    // clock signal consists of 12 high and low alternations
    for (int loop = 0; loop < 24; loop++)
    {
      // should we be hi or low
      double clockBit = loop % 2 == 0 ? 1 : -1;

      // write out number of frames based on msPerCommandBit
      for (int frameLoop = 0; frameLoop < framesPerHalfClock; frameLoop++)
      {
        buffer[0][bufferPos++] = clockBit;
      }
    }
  }

  @Override
  public double[][] getData()
  {
    System.out.println("Generating data for command: " + commandBits);

    // create a buffer to hold data
    double[][] buffer = new double[2][getLengthInFrames()];

    // write lead in
    fillLeadIn(buffer);

    // populate the clock data
    fillClock(buffer);

    // create command data
    // figure out frames per command bit
    int framesPerCommandBit = getFramesPerHalfClock() * 2;

    // current write position in buffer. Start after lead in
    int bufferPos = getLengthInFrames() / 2;

    // generate the data for each of the 12 command bits
    for (int loop = 0; loop < 12; loop++)
    {
      // are we writing hi or mid ?
      double commandBit = commandBits.charAt(loop) == '1' ? 1 : -1;

      // write out number of frames based on msPerCommandBit
      for (int frameLoop = 0; frameLoop < framesPerCommandBit; frameLoop++)
      {
        buffer[1][bufferPos++] = commandBit;
      }
    }

    // return the buffer
    return buffer;
  }
}


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OSU football: Versatility will be key on offensive line
by Scott Wright
Published: Fri, September 4, 2020 3:48 PM Updated: Fri, September 4, 2020 4:12 PM
STILLWATER — As Oklahoma State has learned, it's difficult for an offensive line to get through an entire season without a player or two being lost to injury.
In fact, three of the team's projected starters in preseason camp played multiple positions in games last year.
Teven Jenkins played both tackle spots, Ry Schneider played center and guard, and Hunter Anthony played guard and tackle.
OSU offensive line coach Charlie Dickey always likes to have his players prepared to move to a different position if needed, so that he can mix his best five available players together.
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Article: OSU football: Transfer receiver Tay Martin granted immediate eligibility
Video: OSU Football: Gundy talks routine, defense and Spencer Sanders
Graduate transfer Josh Sills, who is expected to start at left guard, has spent time in practice at center and tackle. Backup Hunter Woodard has worked at guard on both sides of the line. And several others have experimented with positions outside of their normal spot.
"Dickey's got us all ready," said Anthony, the expected starter at right tackle. "A lot of people can play a lot of positions and a lot of young kids are gonna get opportunities. Hopefully they step up, and you'll see some new faces out there and I'm sure they'll do great."
Anthony also is excited to have his older brother alongside him for the season. A fifth-year senior, Chandler Anthony joined the team as a graduate transfer to help provide depth behind the starters.
"It's really exciting to have my big brother there," Hunter said. "He's got a lot of experience, too. I like being coached by some of the older guys. Having him to help me, and me being able to teach him the offense as well, kind of sharpens my skills."
Hunter Anthony, left, and Cole Birmingham, right, block for quarterback Spencer Sanders. [Bruce Waterfield/Courtesy of Oklahoma State athletics]
A lifelong resident of the Oklahoma City metro area, Scott Wright has been on The Oklahoman staff since 2005, covering a little bit of everything on the state's sports scene. He has been a beat writer for football and basketball at Oklahoma and... Read more ›
CommentsOSU football: Versatility will be key on offensive line


A mangled piece of metal that owner Mary Louesa <>Estes calls "instant art" sits on a table at the Powers Museum on Tuesday. Former Hercules employee Ray Trowbridge said the copper piece is more tha likely part of an angel buggy used to transport explosives. Estes' husband, Forrest Estes, was a 36-year employee at the plant.


text:
Stormy Daniels' hyped interview with 60 Minutes will air this Sunday as porn star is set to break her silence about her relationship with Trump
Stormy Daniels' interview with 60 Minutes will air this Sunday night, CBS said
She sat down for an interview with host Anderson Cooper earlier this month
CBS held off on airing the interview for some two weeks
Trump denies an affair with Daniels, whose real name is Stephanie Clifford
President's lawyer paid Daniels $130,000 to buy her silence about relationship
Daniels sued, claming nondisclosure agreement is 'null and void'
By Ariel Zilber For Dailymail.com
The anticipated Stormy Daniels interview with 60 Minutes will air this Sunday, CBS has announced.
Daniels, the porn star whose lawyer says she had a sexual affair with Donald Trump, will break her silence in a sit-down with CNN's Anderson Cooper, who is a contributor to the CBS news magazine.
Trump has denied having an affair with Daniels, whose real name is Stephanie Clifford.
In a 10-second teaser video released by CBS, Cooper is seen greeting Daniels as she enters the interview room.
'Nice to meet you. Have a seat,' Cooper tells her.
The anticipated Stormy Daniels interview with 60 Minutes will air this Sunday, CBS has announced
Daniels, the porn star whose lawyer says she had a sexual affair with Donald Trump , will break her silence in a sit-down with CNN's Anderson Cooper (right)
The popular news anchor is then seen asking Daniels a question. She doesn't respond.
The planned interview was first announced earlier this month after her lawyer, Michael Avenatti, tweeted a photo of himself, Daniels, and Cooper.
The tweet included four Twitter account addresses: @mavenatti, @StormyDaniels, @andersoncooper, and @60Minutes.
'Daniels talks to Anderson Cooper about the relationship she says she had with Mr. Trump in 2006 and 2007, revealing details that bring her story up to the present,' CBS said in a promo for the interview released on Wednesday.
'It is the first and only television interview in which she speaks about the alleged relationship.'
Although the interview was apparently recorded two weeks ago, there had been speculation as to why CBS waited until this Sunday to put the interview on air.
Some believed that the network was wrestling with potential legal obstacles to the airing of the interview.
TICK TOCK: Stormy Daniels' lawyer, Michael Avenatti, tweeted out an image of his client flanked by himself and Anderson Cooper earlier this month
60 Minutes, which is known for its deep investigative pieces, is digging into the situation that this week brought the alleged 'hush' payoff to a porn star who says she had an affair with the president into the White House briefing room.
Cooper interviewed Avenatti on his CNN program last Wednesday evening.
It was not immediately known how the interview might intersect with a gag order ordered by an arbitrator.
It was revealed this week that Trump's personal attorney, Michael Cohen, obtained a secret restraining order in a private arbitration proceeding barring Daniels from disclosing 'confidential information' related to a nondisclosure agreement she signed in October 2016.
Her lawyer, Avenatti, revealed the text of the NDA when he filed a lawsuit in California arguing that the agreement was no longer operative because Trump never signed it and because, he argued, Cohen violated it by confirming its existence.
In this Feb. 11, 2007 file photo, Stormy Daniels arrives for the 49th Annual Grammy Awards in Los Angeles
CNN's Anderson Cooper also reports for 60 Minutes under his contract
On social media, Daniels appeared to acknowledge an alleged affair with Trump.
She tweeted on Tuesday that the future president 'lied' and 'broke the law' to cover up their affair.
An online critic wrote that Daniels should 'disappear' because '[n]o one cares you were a slut and slept with POTUS 12 yrs ago.'
She responded: 'Technically I didn't sleep with the POTUS 12 years ago. There was no sleeping (hehe) and he was just a goofy reality TV star.'
'But I digress...People DO care that he lied about it, had me bullied, broke laws to cover it up, etc.,' she added.
'And PS...I am NOT going anywhere. xoxoxo.'
On social media, Daniels appeared to acknowledge an alleged affair with Trump. She continued her weeks-long needling of Trump, saying that she's 'NOT going anywhere'
Clifford's lawyer claimed earlier in the day that she had passed a polygraph exam in May 2011 on the subject of whether she had bedded Trump.
Polygraphs, commonly called 'lie detector' tests, don't measure the truth of what a subject says. Instead they track changes in heartbeat, breathing, perspiration, blood pressure and other indicators that proponents describe as evidence of deception.
NBC News reported Tuesday that Clifford was asked by 'Life & Style' magazine to submit to the test seven years ago when she offered to sell an exclusive story of her torrid affair with the future president.
The examiner who performed the test concluded that there was a 99 per cent chance she was telling the truth about having unprotected sex with the real estate tycoon.
The White House has said Trump denies every allegation of sexual misconduct against the president, including those lodged by Clifford.
Avenatti has argued that the NDA should be considered 'null and void,' and has blasted Cohen for 'threats' and intimidation of his client.
Trump and Daniels aka Stephanie Clifford pose together in 2006; the White House says he already won a case in arbitration against her and that he's denied the accusations of an affair
President Trump's personal lawyer Michael Cohen (pictured) obtained a secret restraining order in a private arbitration proceeding barring porn star Stormy Daniels from disclosing 'confidential information'
Stormy Daniels' hyped interview with 60 Minutes will air this Sunday


text:
\section{Introduction}
Injectivity in locally presentable categories $\ck$ is well understood (see \cite{AR}). For instance, every small injectivity class is accessible
and accessibly embedded to $\ck$. Closely related to small injectivity classes are cofibrantly generated weak factorization systems which permeate abstract homotopy theory (see, e.g., \cite{Ri}). Much less is known about the dual concept of projectivity. Similarly, for the related concept of a fibrantly generated weak factorization system. Our main result is that, assuming Vop\v enka's principle, every small projectivity class in a locally presentable category is accessible and accessibly embedded. On the other hand, assuming V=L, free abelian groups form a small projectivity class which is not accessible.

We provide two proofs of our main result -- while one uses the concept of purity in accessible categories and is valid in every accessible category $\ck$ with pushouts, the other is more set-theoretical and applies to every accessible category. We also show that our main result is equivalent to the fact that every object of a locally presentable category (in fact of every accessible category with pushouts) is $\mu$-pure injective for some regular cardinal $\mu$. Finally, we explain
the relation of fibrantly generated weak factorization systems to generated cotorsion theories.

All needed facts about locally presentable and accessible categories can be found in \cite{AR}.

\section{Fibrant generation}
Let $\ck$ be a category and $f:A \to B$, $g: C\to D$ morphisms
such that in each commutative square
$$
\xymatrix@C=4pc@R=3pc{
A \ar [r]^{u} \ar [d]_{f}& C \ar [d]^g\\
B \ar [r]_{v}& D
}
$$
there is a diagonal $d: B \to C$ with $d \cdot  f =u$ and $g\cdot
d=v$. One says that $g$ has the \textit{right lifting property}
w.r.t. $f$ and that $f$ has a \textit{left lifting property} w.r.t.
$g$. For a class $\cx$ of morphisms of $\ck$ we put
\begin{align*}
\cx^\square & = \{ g\,|\, g \mbox{\  has the right lifting property
w.r.t. each $f\in \cx$\}\, and} \\
{}^\square\cx &= \{ f\,|\, f \mbox{\ has the left lifting property
w.r.t. each $g\in \cx$\}}.
\end{align*}
We will consider pairs $(\cl,\crr)$ of classes of morphisms on a locally presentable category $\ck$ such that $\crr=\cl^\square$ and $\cl={}^\square\crr$. We will call these pairs \textit{saturated}. A saturated pair is called \textit{cofibrantly generated} if $\crr=\cx^\square$ for a set $\cx$ and \textit{fibrantly generated} if $\cl={}^\square{\cy}$ for a set $\cy$.

A saturated pair $(\cl,\crr)$ is called a \textit{weak factorization system} if every morphism of $\ck$ factorizes as an $\cl$-morphism followed by an $\crr$-morphism. Every cofibrantly generated pair in a locally presentable category is a weak factorization system \cite{Be}).

\begin{pb}
{
\em
Is every fibrantly generated pair $(\cl,\crr)$ a weak factorization system?
}
\end{pb}
In what follows, $0$ will denote an initial object of $\ck$ and $1$ a terminal one. An object $K$ is $\cl$-\textit{injective} if $K\to 1$ is in $\cl^\square$ and $\crr$-\textit{projective} if $0\to K$ is in ${}^\square\crr$. $\cl$-$\Inj$ or $\crr$-$\Proj$ denote the full subcategories of $\ck$ consisting of $\cl$-injectives or $\crr$-projectives, resp. A class of morphisms $\cl$ is
\textit{left-cancellable} if $gf\in\cl$ implies that $f\in\cl$. In a category with products, an $\cl$-\textit{cogenerator} is a set $\cg$ of objects such that, for every object $K$, the canonical morphism
$$
\gamma_K:K\to K^\ast=\prod\limits_{C\in\cg} C^{\ck(K,C)}
$$
is in $\cl$ (see \cite{AHRT1}).

\begin{propo}\label{cogen}
Let $\cl$ be left-cancellable and $\ck$ has products and
an $\cl$-injective $\cl$-cogenerator. Then $(\cl,\cl^\square)$
is a fibrantly generated weak factorization system.
\end{propo}
\begin{proof}
Following \cite[Poposition 1.6]{AHRT}, $(\cl,\cl^\square)$ is a weak
factorization system. Let $\cy=\{C\to 1\,|\, C\in\cg\}$ where $\cg$
is an $\cl$-injective $\cl$-cogenerator. Clearly, $\cy\subseteq\cl^\square$, hence $\cl\subseteq {}^\square\cy$. On the other hand, let $f:K\to L$ is in ${}^\square\cy$. Since $K^\ast$ is ${}^\square\cy$-injective, there is $g:L\to K^\ast$
such that $gf=\gamma_K$. Since $\cl$ is left-cancellable, $f\in\cl$.
\end{proof}

\begin{exam}\label{poset}
{
\em
(1) Let $\cl$ consist of embeddings in the category $\Pos$ of posets.
Then $\cl$-injectives are complete lattices and a two-element chain $2$
is an $\cl$-injective $\cl$-cogenerator. In fact, isotone maps $K\to 2$ correspond to down-sets in $K$. If $a,b$ are incomparable elements
of $K$ then there exists a down-set $Z\subseteq K$ such that $a\in Z$ and $a\notin Z$. Hence $\gamma_K$ is an embedding. Since $\cl$ is
left-cancellable, following \ref{cogen}, $(\cl,\cl^\square)$ is a weak factorization system fibrantly generated by $2\to 1$.

(2) In every category with an injective cogenerator the class $\Mono$ of monomorphisms forms a fibrantly generated weak factorization system $(\Mono,\Mono^\square)$. This includes every Grothendieck topos and every Grothendieck abelian category. In particular, the category $R$-$\Mod$ of $R$-modules.

(3) Let $\Ban$ be the category of Banach spaces and linear maps of norm $\leq 1$. Let $p:\Bbb C\to 1$. Following the the Hahn-Banach theorem, $\cl={}^\square p$ is the class of linear isometries. $\cl$-injective Banach spaces are precisely Banach spaces $C(X)$ where $X$ is an extremally disconnected compact Hausdorff space and $\Ban$ has enough $\cl$-injectives (see \cite{Co}). In particular, $\Bbb C$ is $\cl$-injective. On the other hand if $f:A\to B$ is not an isometry, witnessed by a vector $x$ of norm $1$ (i.e. $\parallel f x\parallel < 1$), take $g: A\to\Bbb C$ of norm $1$, such that $|g x|=1$ (by the Hahn-Banach Theorem). Supposing $g =hf$, we get
$$
1 = |g x| = |h f x| \leq \parallel h\parallel\cdot \parallel f x\parallel < \parallel h\parallel,
$$
which is a contradiction. Hence $\Bbb C$ is an $\cl$-injective $\cl$-cogenerator. Since $\cl$ is left cancellable, $(\cl,\cl^\square)$ is a fibrantly generated weak factorization system.
}
\end{exam}

\begin{rem} \label{cogen1}
{
\em
Whenever $\cl$ is fibrantly generated by morphisms $C\to 1$ then $\cl$ is left-cancellable.
}
\end{rem}

\begin{rem}\label{cofgen}
{
\em
Let $(\cl,\crr)$ be a saturated pair in a locally presentable
category $\ck$ cofibrantly generated by $\cx\subseteq\cl$. Then $(\cl,\crr)$ is a weak factorization system and $\cl$ consists of retracts of \textit{cellular} morphisms, i.e., transfinite compositions of pushouts if morphisms from $\cx$. This is a consequence of a \textit{small object argument} (see \cite{Be}).

One cannot expect this for fibrantly generated saturated pair $(\cl,\crr)$ in a locally presentable category. But, if $(\cl,\crr)$
is a weak factorization system fibrantly generated by $\cy$ then $\crr$ consists of retracts of transfinite cocompositions of pullbacks of elements of $\cy$, \cite{BHKKRS} calls the latter $\cy$-\textit{Postnikov towers}. \cite[3.1]{BHKKRS} shows that the model category of non-negatively graded chain complexes of vector spaces is fibrantly generated.
}
\end{rem}

A \textit{cotorsion theory} is a pair $(\cf,\cc)$ of classes of $R$-modules such that
\begin{align*}
\cc& =\cf{}^\perp=\{ C\,|\, \Ext (F,C)=0 \quad\mbox{for all\quad} F\in\cf \}
\quad\mbox{and}\\
\cf & ={}^\perp\cc=\{ F\,|\,\Ext (F,C)=0 \quad \mbox{for all\quad} C\in \cc\}\,.
\end{align*}
A cotorsion theory is \textit{generated} if there is a set $\cx$ such
that $\cf={}^\perp\cx$. It is called \textit{cogenerated} if there is a set $\cy$ such that $\cc=\cy^\perp$.

$\cf$-monomorphisms are monomorphisms whose cokernel is in $\cf$ and
$\cc$-epimorphisms are epimorphisms whose kernel is in $\cc$.

\begin{rem}\label{cotorsion}
{
\em
For a cotorsion theory $(\cf,\cc)$, $(\cf$-$\Mono,\cc$-$\Epi)$ is a saturated pair (\cite[Proposition 3.1]{R2}). Moreover $\ci=(\cf$-$\Mono)$-$\Inj$ and $\cf=(\cc$-$\Epi)$-$\Proj$. If a cotorsion theory $(\cf,\cc)$ is cogenerated by a set then $(\cf$-$\Mono,\cc$-$\Epi)$ is a cofibrantly generated weak factorization system (\cite[Remark 3.2]{R2}.
}
\end{rem}

\begin{propo}\label{gen}
A cotorsion theory $(\cf,\cc)$ is generated by a set if and only if  the saturated pair $(\cf$-$\Mono,\cc$-$\Epi)$ is fibrantly generated.
\end{propo}
\begin{proof}
Let $(\cf,\cc)$ be generated by $\cy$. Following \cite[Lemma 2.1]{ST},
there is a set $\cz_0$ of $\cy$-epimorphisms such that
$\cf=\cz_0$-$\Proj$. Let $\cz=\cz_0\cup\{p\}$ where $p:C\to 1$ for
an injective cogenerator $C$. Following \ref{poset}(2), ${}^\square\cz\subseteq\Mono$. Following the dual of part I. of the proof of \cite[Lemma 4.4]{R3}, ${}^\square\cz=\cf$-$\Mono$.

Conversely, let $(\cf$-$\Mono,\cc$-$\Epi)$ be fibrantly generated by $\cy$. Let $\cz$ consist of kernels $C$ of epimorphisms $f:A\to B$ from $\cy$. Assume that $\Ext(X,C)=0$ for every $C\in\cz$. Consider the long exact sequence
$$
0\to\Hom(X,C)\to\Hom(X,A)\to\Hom(X,B)\to\Ext(X,C)\to\dots
$$
induced by $f$. Since $\Ext(X,C)=0$, $\Hom(X,f):\Hom(X,A)\to \Hom(X,B)$ is surjective. Hence $X\in\cf$. We have proved that $\cz$ generates $(\cf,\cc)$.
\end{proof}

\begin{rem}
{
\em
Let $(\cf,\cc)$ be a cotorsion theory generated by a set such that $\cf$ is either closed under pure submodules or $\cc$ consists of modules of finite injective dimension and the pair is hereditary. Then, assuming V=L, $(\cf,\cc)$ is cogenerated by a set (see \cite[Theorem 1.3 and Theorem 1.7]{ST1}). Following \ref{gen} and \ref{cotorsion}, the fibrantly generated saturated pair $(\cf$-$\Mono,\cc$-$\Epi)$ is also cofibrantly generated. Hence it is a weak factorization system.
}
\end{rem}

\section{Accessibility}
\begin{theo}\label{inj}
Assuming Vop\v enka's principle, every object in a locally presentable category is $\mu$-pure injective for some regular cardinal $\mu$.
\end{theo}
\begin{proof}
Let $\ck$ be locally $\lambda$-presentable.
Suppose $K$ is not $\mu$-pure injective for any regular cardinal $\mu$. Hence, for every regular cardinal $\mu\geq\lambda$, there is a $\mu$-pure monomorphism $f_\mu:K\to L_\mu$ which does not split. Indeed, if every $\mu$-pure monomorphism $f:K\to L$ splits then $K$ is $\mu$-pure injective because, given a $\mu$-pure monomorphism $h:A\to B$ and $g:A\to K$ then a pushout
$$
		\xymatrix@=3pc{
			A \ar [r]^{h}\ar[d]_{g} & B \ar[d]^{\bar{g}}\\
			 K \ar [r]_{\bar{h}}& P
		}
		$$
yields a $\mu$-pure monomorphism $\bar{h}$ (see \cite[Proposition 15]{AR1}). Since $\bar{h}$ splits, there is $s:P\to K$ such that $s\bar{g}=\id_K$. Then $s\bar{g}h=s\bar{h}g=g$.

If a morphism $f:K\to L$ is a $\mu$-pure monomorphism for all $\mu$ then $f$ is a split monomorphism. Thus there is a sequence of regular cardinals
$$
\mu_0<\mu_1<\dots \mu_i<\dots
$$
indexed by ordinals and $\mu_i$-pure monomorphisms $f_i:K\to L_i$ such that $f_i$ is not $\mu_j$-pure for all $j>i$. Thus there is no morphism $h:f_i\to f_j$, $i<j$ in $K\downarrow\ck$. Indeed, having $h:L_i\to L_j$ with $hf_i=f_j$, then $f_i$ is $\mu_i$-pure (see \cite[Remarks 2.28]{AR}). It contradicts Vop\v enka's principle (see
\cite[Lemma 6.3]{AR}).
\end{proof}

\begin{exams}\label{ex}
{
\em
(1) Assume that there is a regular cardinal $\mu$ such that every abelian group is $\mu$-pure injective. Consider a $\mu$-pure epimorphism $f:A\to B$ in $\Ab$ and its kernel $g:C\to A$. Then $g$ is a $\mu$-pure monomorphism and, since $C$ is $\mu$-pure injective, $g$ splits. Thus $f$ splits, which contradicts \cite{CH} 5.10.

(2) Assume $0^\#$ does not exist and let $R$ be a ring which is not right perfect. Then the $R$-module $R^\omega$ is not $\mu$-pure injective for any regular cardinal $\mu$ (see the proof of \cite[Proposition 1.5]{ST}).}

\end{exams}

\begin{lemma}\label{inj1}
Let $\ck$ be a locally presentable category and $\crr$ be class of morphisms whose domains and codomains are $\mu$-pure injective for a regular cardinal $\mu$. Then ${}^\square\crr$ is closed under $\mu$-pure subobjects in $\ck^\to$.
\end{lemma}
\begin{proof}
Let  $f:A\to B$ be in ${}^\square\crr$ and $(a,b): f'\to f$ be a $\mu$-pure monomorphism where $f':A'\to B'$. Consider $g:C\to D$ in $\crr$ and $(u',v'):f'\to g$. Since $a$ and $b$ are $\mu$-pure monomorphisms in $\ck$ and $C$ and $D$ are $\mu$-pure injective, there are $u:A\to C$ and $v:B\to D$ such that $u'=ua$ and $v'=vb$. Thus there is $t:B\to C$ such that
$tf=u$ and $gt=v$. Hence $tbf'=tfa=ua=u'$ and $gtb=vb=v'$. Hence $f'\in{}^\square\crr$.
\end{proof}

\begin{theo}\label{acc}
Let $(\cl,\crr)$ be a fibrantly generated saturated pair in a locally presentable category. Then, assuming Vop\v enka's principle,  $\cl$ is an accessible and accessibly embedded subcategory of $\ck^\to$.
\end{theo}
\begin{proof}
Let $(\cl,\crr)$ be a fibrantly generated saturated pair and assume
Vop\v enka's principle. Following \ref{inj1}, $\cl$ is closed under
$\mu$-pure subobjects for some regular cardinal $\mu$. Hence $\cl$ is accessible and accessibly embedded to $\ck^\to$ (see \cite[Theorem 6.17]{AR}).
\end{proof}

\begin{coro}\label{acc1}
Assuming Vop\v enka's principle, every small projectivity class $\cp$ in a locally presentable category $\ck$ is accessible and accessibly embedded to $\ck$.
\end{coro}
\begin{proof}
Let $\cp=\cs$-$\Proj$ for a set $\cs$.  Following \ref{acc}, ${}^\square\cs$ is accessible and accessibly embedded. Hence the same holds for $\cp$.
\end{proof}

\begin{rem}\label{inj2}
{
\em
(1) On the other hand, \ref{acc} follows from \ref{acc1}.
Indeed, $f\square g$ where $g:C\to D$  iff $f$ is projective to $(\id_C ,g):\id_C\to g$.

(2) Moreover, \ref{inj} follows from \ref{acc}. Indeed, let $\ck$ be locally presentable and $K$ is in $\ck$. Consider $\cl={}^\square t$ where $t:K\to 1$. Following $\ref{acc}$, there is a regular cardinal $\mu$ such that $\cl$ is $\mu$-accessible and closed under $\mu$-directed colimits in $\ck^\to$. Since $\cl$ contains split monomorphisms, it contains $\mu$-pure monomorphisms
(see \cite[Proposition 2.30]{AR}. Thus $K$ is $\mu$-pure injective.
}
\end{rem}

\begin{exams}
{
\em
(1) Let $(\cf,\ci)$ be the cotorsion theory in $\Ab$ generated by $\Bbb Z$, i.e., $\cf$ is the class of Whitehead groups. Following \cite[Lemma 2.1]{ST} it is a small projectivity class. Assuming V=L, $\cf$ is the class of free groups and it is not accessible (see \cite[Chapter VII]{EM}).

(2) That \ref{acc} needs large cardinals follows from \ref{inj2}(2) and \ref{ex}(2).  Note that V=L implies that $0^\#$ does not exist.
}
\end{exams}

\begin{theo}\label{acc2}
Let $(\cl,\crr)$ is a cofibrantly generated weak factorization system in a locally presentable category which is also fibrantly generated by morphisms whose domains and codomains are $\mu$-pure injective for a regular cardinal $\mu$. Then, assuming the existence of a proper class of almost strongly compact cardinals, $\cl$ is accessible and accessibly embedded to $\ck^\to$.
\end{theo}
\begin{proof}
Following \cite[Corollary 3.3]{R}, $\cl$ is a full image of an accessible functor. Moreover, it is closed under $\mu$-pure subobjects
in $\ck^\to$ for some regular cardinal $\mu$ (see \ref{inj1}). The result
follows from \cite[Theorem 3.2]{BR}.
\end{proof}

\begin{rem}
{
\em
In \ref{acc2}, $(\cl,\crr)$ could only be accessible instead of cofibrantly generated.
}
\end{rem}

\begin{rem}\label{pushout}
{
\em
All results of this section are valid in every accessible category $\ck$ with pushouts. It suffices to do this in \ref{inj}, which follows from
\cite[Remark 2.30]{AR})
}
\end{rem}

\section{Another proof of Theorem \ref{acc}}

We sketch our original proof of Theorem \ref{acc}.  While this version is less succinct than the proof given above, it may be more accessible to logicians.  Moreover, in contrast to \ref{pushout}, it does not need pushouts. All set-theoretic terminology used here agrees with \cite{Jech}.

 Assume Vop\v{e}nka's Principle and that $\ck$ is an accessible category. By Remark \ref{inj2}(1) above and Corollary 6.10 of \cite{AR}, it suffices to show that every small projectivity class is accessible.

By Theorem 5.35 of \cite{AR}, $\ck$ is equivalent to the category of models of some basic $L_\mu$-theory $T$ for some regular cardinal $\mu$.  From now on we will identify $\ck$ with this category of models.  By routine induction on formula complexity, it can be seen that \textbf{if} $\mathfrak{N}=(N,\in)$ is a $\Sigma_1$-elementary substructure of the universe of sets, $T$ and its signature are both elements and subsets of $\mathfrak{N}$, and $\mathfrak{N}$ happens to be closed under sequences of length $\mu$, \textbf{then} whenever $K$ is a model of $T$ and $K \in \mathfrak{N}$, it makes sense to form the restriction $K \restriction \mathfrak{N}$ (with underlying set $K \cap N$), and this restriction is also model of $T$.  Similarly, if $f: L \to K$ is a morphism in $\mathfrak{N}$ (i.e., $f$, $L$, and $K$ are all elements of $\mathfrak{N}$), then its restriction $f \restriction \mathfrak{N}: L \restriction \mathfrak{N} \to K \restriction \mathfrak{N}$ is a morphism in the category.

 Suppose $\cs$ is a set of morphisms in $\ck$ and $\cp = \cs \text{-Proj}$.  By Corollary A.2 of \cite{Cox_MaxDecon}, there is an inaccessible cardinal $\kappa > \mu$ with the following property:  for every set $b$ there is an $\mathfrak{N} = (N,\in)$ such that:
\begin{enumerate}
 \item $\mathfrak{N}$ is a $\Sigma_1$-elementary substructure of the universe of sets, $T$ and its signature are both elements and subsets of $\mathfrak{N}$, and $\mathfrak{N}$ is closed under $\mu$-sequences (hence the comments above regarding restrictions to $\mathfrak{N}$ are applicable);\footnote{The statement of Corollary A.2 of \cite{Cox_MaxDecon} doesn't include closure of $\mathfrak{N}$ under $\mu$ sequences, but the proof there easily arranges such closure.  Namely, in the proof of Corollary A.1, if $\kappa$ is chosen larger than $\mu$, and the $\lambda_0$ is then chosen to be of cofinality $>\mu$, then $H_{\lambda_0}$ is closed under $\mu$ sequences (and hence so is the $j[H_{\lambda_0}]$ from that proof, since the critical point of $j$ is larger than $\mu$).}

 \item $b \in \mathfrak{N}$ and $|\mathfrak{N}|<\kappa$;
 \item\label{item_S_restrictions} $|\bigcup \cs| < \kappa$ and $\mathfrak{N} \cap \kappa$ is transitive.  This implies that $s \restriction \mathfrak{N} = s$ for every $s \in \mathfrak{N} \cap \cs$.
 \item\label{item_ReflectP} ($\mathfrak{N}$ reflects membership in $\cp$):  For every $K \in \mathfrak{N}$:  $K \in \cp$ if and only if $K \restriction \mathfrak{N} \in \cp$.
 \item\label{item_ReflectFillin} ($\mathfrak{N}$ reflects existence of fill-ins) Whenever $g: P \to B$ and $f: A \to B$ are morphisms in $\mathfrak{N}$:  there is a fill-in for one of the following diagrams if and only if there is a fill-in for the other:
 \[
 \xymatrix{
 & P \ar@{-->}[dl] \ar[dr]^-g & & &   & P \restriction \mathfrak{N} \ar@{-->}[dl] \ar[dr]^-{g \restriction \mathfrak{N}} &        \\
 A \ar[rr]^-f & & B & &  A \restriction \mathfrak{N} \ar[rr]^-{f \restriction \mathfrak{N}} & & B \restriction \mathfrak{N}
 }
 \]

\end{enumerate}

We first claim that every element of $\cp$ is a $\kappa$-directed colimit of $<\kappa$-sized members of $\cp$.  This has nothing to do with projectivity classes, but simply uses that $\mathfrak{N}$ reflects membership in the class $\cp$.  Suppose $P \in \cp$, and let $\theta$ be a regular cardinal such that  $P \in H_\theta$, where $H_\theta$ denotes the collection of sets of hereditary cardinality less than $\theta$.  Let $U$ denote the set of $\mathfrak{N} \in P_\kappa(H_\theta)$ such that $P \in \mathfrak{N}$, and $\mathfrak{N}$ has the properties listed above (here $P$ is playing the role of the $b$ in the list of properties). In particular, each $\mathfrak{N} \in U$ reflects membership in $\cp$, so $P \restriction \mathfrak{N} \in \cp$ for every $\mathfrak{N} \in U$.  By the assumptions on $\kappa$, $U$ is a stationary subset of $P_\kappa(H_\theta)$.  It follows that $\{ P \restriction \mathfrak{N} \ : \ \mathfrak{N} \in U \}$ is a $\kappa$-directed collection (under inclusion) of members of $\cp$, each of size $<\kappa$, with union $P$.

Finally we show that $\cp$ is closed under $\kappa$-directed colimits.  Suppose
\[
\cd=\left\langle \pi_{i,j}:P_i \to P_j \ : \ i \le j \in I \right\rangle
\]
is a $\kappa$-directed system of members of $\cp$.  Since $\kappa$ is inaccessible, it is sharply stronger than $\mu$, and hence $\ck$ is closed under $\kappa$-directed colimits.  So $\cd$ has a colimit in $\ck$, which will be denoted $M_\infty$.

Suppose, toward a contradiction, that $M_\infty \notin \cp = \cs\text{-Proj}$, as witnessed by some diagram
\begin{equation}
\xymatrix{
& M_\infty \ar[dr]^-g & \\
A \ar[rr]_-{f \in \cs} & & B
}
\end{equation}
for which there is no completion from $M_\infty \to A$.  Then there is a $\Sigma_1$-elementary substructure $\mathfrak{N}$ of the universe with the properties listed above such that $\cd$, $f$, and $g$ are elements of $\mathfrak{N}$ (here the ordered tuple $(\mathcal{D}, f, g)$ is playing the role of the $b$).  By property \ref{item_ReflectFillin}, the diagram
\begin{equation}\label{eq_RestrictN}
\xymatrix{
& M_\infty \restriction \mathfrak{N} \ar[dr]^-{g \restriction \mathfrak{N}} & \\
A \restriction \mathfrak{N} \ar[rr]_-{f \restriction \mathfrak{N} } & & B \restriction \mathfrak{N}
}
\end{equation}
has no completion from $M_\infty \restriction \mathfrak{N} \to A \restriction \mathfrak{N}$.  By property \ref{item_S_restrictions}, the bottom row of diagram \eqref{eq_RestrictN} is simply the map $f: A \to B$.  In summary, the diagram
\begin{equation}\label{eq_MainDiag}
\xymatrix{
& M_\infty \restriction \mathfrak{N} \ar[dr]^-{g \restriction \mathfrak{N}} & \\
A \ar[rr]^-f & & B
}
\end{equation}
has no completion from $M_\infty \restriction \mathfrak{N} \to A$.

On the other hand, since $|\mathfrak{N}|<\kappa$ and $I$ is $\kappa$-directed, there is an $i^* \in I$ above all members of $\mathfrak{N} \cap I$.  Consider the colimit map
\[
\pi_{i^*,\infty}: P_{i^*} \to M_\infty.
\]
Next we show there is a morphism
\[
e: M_\infty \restriction \mathfrak{N} \to P_{i^*}
\]
such that
\begin{equation}\label{eq_Inclusion}
\pi_{i^*,\infty} \circ e \text{ is the inclusion map from } M_\infty \restriction \mathfrak{N} \to M_\infty.
\end{equation}

\noindent The map $e$ is defined as follows:  by elementarity of $\mathfrak{N}$, any member of $M_\infty \restriction \mathfrak{N}$ is of the form $\pi_{k,\infty}(x_k)$ for some $k \in I$ and some $x_k \in P_k$, where both $k$ and $x_k$ are \emph{elements} of $\mathfrak{N}$.  Then define $e\big( \pi_{k,\infty}(x_k) \big):= \pi_{k,i^*}(x_k)$.  It is routine to verify this does not depend on the choice of $k \in I \cap \mathfrak{N}$ or of $x_k \in P_k \cap \mathfrak{N}$;  see \cite{Cox_FiltGames} for a similar argument (using directedness of $I$ and elementarity of $\mathfrak{N}$).  And clearly \eqref{eq_Inclusion} holds, since
\[
\pi_{i^*,\infty} \Big( e \big( \pi_{k,\infty}(x_k) \big) \Big) = \pi_{i^*,\infty} \Big( \pi_{k,i^*}(x_k) \Big) =  \pi_{k,\infty}(x_k).
\]

To see that $e$ is a morphism, suppose $\rho < \mu$, $\boldsymbol{z}=\langle z_\xi \ : \ \xi < \rho \rangle$ is a sequence of members of $M_\infty \restriction \mathfrak{N}$, and $\dot{h}$ is a $\rho$-ary function symbol in the signature.  Note that $\dot{h} \in \mathfrak{N}$ because the signature is contained (as a subset) in $\mathfrak{N}$, and the sequence $\boldsymbol{z}$ is an element of $\mathfrak{N}$ by the $\mu$-closure of $\mathfrak{N}$.  It follows by $\Sigma_1$-elementarity of $\mathfrak{N}$ in the universe, and $\kappa$-directedness of $I$, that there is some $k^* \in I \cap \mathfrak{N}$ and some sequence $\boldsymbol{z^*} = \langle z^*_\xi \ : \ \xi < \rho \rangle$ of elements of $P_{k^*}$ such that $\pi_{k^*,\infty}(z^*_\xi) = z_\xi$ for each $\xi < \rho$, the entire sequence $\boldsymbol{z}^*$ is an element of $\mathfrak{N}$, and each $z^*_\xi$ is an element of $\mathfrak{N}$.  It follows that $e(z_\xi) = \pi_{k^*,i^*}(z^*_\xi)$ for each $\xi$, and that $h^{P_{k^*}}\big(  \boldsymbol{z^*} \big)$ is an element of $\mathfrak{N}$.  Then
\[
e\Big( h^{M_\infty}(\boldsymbol{z}) \Big) =  e \Big( \pi_{k^*,\infty} \big(  \underbrace{h^{P_{k^*}}(\boldsymbol{z^*})}_{\in \mathfrak{N} \cap P_{k^*}}\big) \Big) = \pi_{k^*,i^*} \big( h^{P_{k^*}}(\boldsymbol{z^*}) \big) = h^{P_{i^*}}\big( \langle \underbrace{\pi_{k^*,i^*}(z^*_\xi)}_{e(z_\xi)} \ : \ \xi < \rho \rangle \big),
\]
where the second equality is by the definition of $e$.

  Consider the diagram:
\begin{equation*}
\xymatrix{
  M_\infty \restriction \mathfrak{N}  \ar[r]^-e & P_{i^*} \ar[r]^-{\pi_{i^*,\infty}} & M_\infty \ar[d]^-g \\
A \ar[rr]_-f  & & B
}
\end{equation*}
Since $f \in \cs$ and $P_{i^*} \in \cs\text{-Proj}$, there exists a morphism $\tau: P_{i^*} \to A$ such that
\[
f \circ \tau = g \circ \pi_{i^*,\infty}.
\]
Set $\tau':= \tau \circ e$, which yields the following commutative diagram:
\begin{equation}\label{eq_FinalDiag}
\xymatrix{
 M_\infty \restriction \mathfrak{N} \ar[d]_-{\tau'} \ar[r]^-e & P_{i^*}  \ar[r]^-{\pi_{i^*,\infty}} & M_\infty \ar[d]^-g \\
A \ar[rr]_-f  & & B
}
\end{equation}

By \eqref{eq_Inclusion}, the top row of diagram \eqref{eq_FinalDiag} is just the inclusion map from $M_\infty \restriction \mathfrak{N} \to M_\infty$. Hence, $\tau'$ is a completion of the diagram \eqref{eq_MainDiag}, yielding a contradiction.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Thanks. There's likely a function to automatically resize giant ones, even if they're hosted offsite (by dynamically setting width="" in the html). I'll have a look and see, as I'm sure this will come up often.
That air dam is GIANT! I'll be very interested to see how it compares on your "calibrated" hills. I'll also be very surprised to hear that you didn't scrape it .
Sounds like you're going to be using the same methods Coyote X did to determine which bumper style was best for his car - comparing terminal coasting velocities on an often used descent.
I'm envious - "testing season" has been finished here for over a month due to the weather.
That air dam is GIANT! I'll also be very surprised to hear that you didn't scrape it .
Oh, belive me it scrapes! Eventually it won't be quite so giant as it will be ground down.
Terminal velocity coasting results are in and they're interesting.
So my testing hill starts at about a 3% grade for 1/2 mile then goes to a 6% grade for another 1/2 mile. I usually start by killing the engine at the top going 55mph. By the end of the 3% grade section I've usually slowed to 50mph. Terminal velocity at the end of the 6% grade section is just shy of 65mph.
Today I did the same run with the airdam on and got a surprising result. The terminal velocity at the bottom of the hill was 67mph. But the interesting part was that on the 3% grade section I did not slow down from 55mph.
I think the airdam is a keeper. I'll have some tinkering to do in the next few days to get the final form down.
Any chance of an A-B-A? How many screws on that puppy?
I'll probably do some A-B-A with the wheel skirts then too. Maybe front wheel skirts if I can get motivated to get them done by that time.
So here's the other big question... do you feel self-conscious driving it?
It took quite a while to forget about my car's skirts. Lots of people noticed, and I even got a few quick rolled-down-window Q&A's. And that's just with rear skirts!
People seem to take notice of the airdam much more than the skirts. I think it's because the airdam is frickin' loud when it scrapes, that and it's a huge white expanse of plastic. I think it gets the attention of the younger guys b/c of it's almost "racer" appearance.
About a week ago I got the first comment about the skirts from an old guy in a store that I frequently work in. I was passing him in the stock room and he stops me "Is that you're little white car out there?" me: "the civic? yeah." him: "those wheel covers are really neat looking!"
I can't help thinking that they're much more likely to be appreciated by the older crowd, those that grew up around all the Cadillacs, Buicks, Oldsmobiles, etc that had rear wheel skirts from the factory.
So I finally got some motivation to do some more work on the car today.
I took off the airdam and shortened it about 2" so hopefully that will resolve the scraping issues I've been having.
I also took the opportunity to add some front wheel spoilers to the airdam.
Here it is all trimmed up with the wheel spoilers, off the car of course.
And here it is on the car.
And one detail shot of the wheel spoiler.
I also deleted both side mirrors, but it was very much dark when I got them done, so pictures will have to wait until tomorrow.
Nice to see you working on refinements.
I might do an A-B-A on Tuesday or Wednesday.
If not, I'll settle for qualified subjective observations .
No, still no A-B-A but I'll try to squeeze in some testing on my next day off. I think my data gathering is moving at a Forkenswift pace.


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text:
The forward market is the informal over-the-counter financial market by which contracts for future delivery are entered into. It is mainly used for trading in foreign currencies, where the contracts are used to hedge against foreign exchange risk. Commodities are also traded on forward markets. Examples include agricultural products such as rice, and energy futures, such as oil and natural gas. Transactions on a forward market are typically not standardized, and contracts are customised to the needs of the trading parties. In contrast, standardized forward contracts are called futures contracts and traded on a futures exchange.

See also
Forward exchange market

References

Financial markets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Summary: How long a country of billion can sustain with a culture of "My car My way"? Given the situation today, we will not be able to support even a extra car on the roads during peak hour? In this article, I will highlight few of the other problems other than traffic mess to highlight where we are heading. Few of these problems must be solved otherwise like a slow poison we can feel the deterioration but by the time we realize the reason it will be too late.
Details: Urban crawling is a common phenomenon in any modern city. Around the peak hour (according to a study) most of the city traffic moves less than the speed of horse (16 Km/hr). Horse was the most common transportation mode till 1906.Still every day we hear industrial output increasing faster than ever, people are buying cars faster than ever. Though I agree cars are faster than public transport ( in current situation) and definitely only few can afford it today. But as things are changing more and more people are capable of affording cars. What will happen if billion people of our country are able to buy a car.
To highlight one of the small problem of today is parking. Consider that how many hours you travel in a day. Apart from these hours we have to park our vehicle.And a funny thing is people have smaller area alloted at work place compared to the area covered by their parked vehicle in their office. So one obvious question what are we working for? To make our cars occupy bigger and bigger area compared to our workstation.
Most of the cars are using petrol/disel (fossil fuel) today. These fossil fuel is definitely explosive material ( How??) . These are produced at the worlds most disturbed section "Gulf"/ There are multiple politics and wars have been played to control these fossil resources. These are source of lot of money with no effort. This easily earned petro dollars are used for various purposes and one of them is sponsoring terrorism. We live under threat of terror and we are the ones who are encouraging it.
The car industry is very critical in today's economy. In fact anything which makes money is very important for economy and hence auto segment is crucial. According to government, if people buy more cars, they pay more taxes with that money we create employment. I do not want to explain this kind of progress but would like to share an interesting argument, I read while reading "Small is Beautiful". The argument goes like this " if every mother starts taking care of neighbors kid ( day careor similar) instead of her own and start charging for it , GDP will have boost of at least 2%". Thus we need to understand that everything we are doing is generating value the only difference is that government is not able to tax everything and hence do not include it in the GDP. Similarly government today is taking more loan to sustain infra projects worth thousands of crores to get the cars running where today cities are begging for power, citizens are asking for better health care.
I am not against car, car is good and important when you go to the picnic. But car is no less than the curse if you are using it for office. If you are using car for office you are not only making yourself late for the office but also missing quality time which you could have with your family without driving stress.Going with your family for shopping and picnic in your car is better because you are not late for your family, but when you are using it for your office you are late for your family and making other late as well.
There are lot of other point which can be listed here. My intension is to make one think how he should be going to office. The choice has to be wise enough not only to keep ourself healthy but keep others healthy and happy. If we do not act today, we will reach to a day when at the peak hours on the road, we might feel suffocation because oxygen is shared not only with the humans but also with combustion engine of our cars.
In the end an appeal to readers, to use Bus on the Bus day ( 4th Feb 10). Lets help each other to make not only better but responsible system. By giving bus a chance on the Bus day please observe the changes happened around you. These changes could be fresh air, less driving stress. In response to your contribution BMTC has committed to observe, collect data about the travel pattern of the people and improve on its services going forward.
PT Bus is more than a socialist symbol in current times!
Every country is on a cross-road w.r.t economical growth vs sustainable living. This is more relevant in urban transportation. It is a real challenge for Govt, urban and transport planners in choosing and balancing the act.
In a near short term and medium term, Public transport and specially the Bus commute wind hands down. What this tells us that travel by BUS culture is more than a socialist agenda in this time and era.
"The perception that cycling is a slow way of commuting is "bogus" and the idea that increased car ownership is a sign of progress is "silly," says Dr. Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, a winner of the 2009 Nobel Prize in Chemistry and a committed, car-free cyclist. Originally from India, Dr. Venki, as he is known, recently gave an outspoken interview about his cycling habit to an organization that works to promote bike-riding in Bangalore."


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text:
Q: Heroku being extremely slow when there's a lot of requests I have a Django app deployed to Heroku. A few days ago it was totally fine, when my traffic was low. I had 5 requests per second, and the response time was not more than 2 seconds.
However, I have recently started getting a lot of traffic. My requests per second have gone up to 50, and now my response time is 30 seconds. I'm trying to figure out whats going on.
Naturally I scaled up my dynos. I went from a Standard tier dyno to a professional dyno with 2 workers. I also updated my Procfile to have Gunicorn use 12 workers: web: gunicorn wsgi -w 12 --timeout 30
I also updated my database to a standard tier so I'd have more connections.
I realized I wasn't using Gzip compression with Django, so I added the Gzip middleware as well 'django.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware'.
However, surprisingly, the request time is still 30 seconds or more. None of these new changes have made a difference.
I also optimized some of my database queries, and that had a very minor impact.
All this is leading me to think there's something wrong with either how my Django app is set up or Heroku itself, but I'm not sure where to even start debugging those problems.
Worth noting that running the app locally, or even in my staging environment with a hobby dyno and hobby postgres database, the app works totally fine since its not getting any traffic.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Looking for quick updates about QATV? Want to see some behind the scenes photos and videos? You can do all that and more with QATV's social media presence on Faceook and Twitter. Like QATV on Facebook for news, photos, videos, and check out QATV member pages. Follow QATV on Twitter and find updates about what's happening in studio, where QATV's next remote shoot will be and more. We look forward to seeing you online!
The Alliance for Community Media Northeast Region has named QATV's Bill Earley as the 2010 recipient of the Brian Wilson Mentor Award. The award is presented annually to an individual who has taught, guided and mentored public access television producers to achieve their goal of producing local programming. The award is named in memory of Brian Wilson, a long time public access television advocate, counselor and guide.
Listeners of AM Quincy can now look forward to local weather reports thanks to the staff of the Blue Hill Observatory. Each weekday at 9:30am, Climatologist Bob Skilling or Meteorologist Sean Fankhauser will join AM Quincy host Joe Catalano to discuss the weather of the past 24 hours, an outlook for the day, and a look ahead to the next few days.
The Alliance for Community Media Northeast Region (ACM-NE) has announced Quincy Access Television is the winner of the 2010 Overall Excellence Award as part of the ACM-NE annual video festival. QATV's entry, submitted and judged by a panel of professionals in public access television, will be awarded the honor at an awards ceremony to be held on November 13th in Concord, New Hampshire. The announcement marks the second year in a row QATV has won the Overall Excellence award.
Members Make the Difference at QATV!
Quincy Access Television recently celebrated the hard work and dedication of its members and volunteers at its annual Member Appreciation Evening held at the Granite Links golf course. The annual event allows the Board of Directors and Staff of QATV to thank its members for producing quality programming for the citizens of Quincy.
Read more about Members Make the Difference at QATV!


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Print heads of any printer, whether it is regular or edible can clog for various reasons like non-utilization of a printer and especially when you have edible cartridges installed. Edible printers are used to print edible images for cakes and when it is not used for a while, it can bring about the water from the ink beads. This aggregate at the heads to vanish, deserting crystalline stores and causes to stop up the print heads.
Edible ink cartridges are produced using different natural ingredients, the edible ink is incorporated with sugar which can solidify if kept under 18 degrees Celsius. This also causes if the printer or cartridges are kept in a region where it is very cool and also not used for a long time.
To unclog your printhead, you can install a set of cleaning cartridges. Then you will have to run an internal printer feature called "cleaning and deep cleaning". The process of cleaning: Go to Printer Properties > Maintenance > Cleaning. It will get you the seamless printing results for print edible images.
How to Bake a Cake with Edible Photo?


text:
25 Essential Pieces of Advice That Everyone Tends to Ignore
Honesty really is the best policy.
By Kali Coleman July 2, 2019
By Kali Coleman
Whether it's warranted or not, you're bound to come across snippets of advice from various friends, family members, and other folks in your life. However, in between all the platitudes you'll find on a greeting card—like "absence makes the heart grow fonder" or "life is a journey, not a destination"—there are actually some untarnished gems out there that are actually worth listening to. To remind you that sometimes clichéd sayings are clichéd for a reason, we've rounded up the most essential pieces of advice you need to start hearing and heeding stat.
"Don't worry what other people think."
Even if you say this all the time to others, you need to be listening to it, as well. The fact is, people don't judge you as harshly as you think—and there's science to prove it.
One 2001 study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology notes that "people's excessive fear of social censure often comes back to haunt them." The researchers behind the study advise that individuals "put aside some of their concern about others' reactions when deciding what choices to make in life," seeing as the negative thoughts are often much worse in their heads. So next time, pause before obsessing over what someone's look or text message really meant.
"Timing is everything."
When it comes to your love life, your career, or in any other aspect of life, timing really is everything. For instance, look at actor Jason Statham. His Olympic-diving goals fell short, but had he made it to the big leagues, he might have never been scouted as a model, or kickstarted a massive, franchise-leading Hollywood career, including roles in the Transporter franchise and the Fast and the Furious movies.
"Honesty is the best policy."
While we'd all like to think our little white lies don't do that much damage, that's not always the case. According to a 2016 study in Nature Neuroscience, those little white lies add up—steadily desensitizing our brains to dishonesty. According to researchers, it's a "slippery slope" in that "what begins as small acts of dishonesty can escalate into larger transgressions."
"A little kindness goes a long way."
Having a nasty attitude only begets a nasty response. Even if someone is rude to you, being kind to them can show them that there is some good in the world, while being equally rude will only feed on their negative behavior.
Actually, there is proof that small acts of kindness benefit not just those on the receiving end, but those doing them as well via what's known as the "positive feedback loop." "Engaging in one kind deed (e.g., taking your mom to lunch) would make you happier, and the happier you feel, the more likely you are to do another kind act," says psychologist Lara Aknin, who's studied the subject.
"Get seven to eight hours of sleep every night."
Getting enough sleep is vital to your well-being. Not snoozing for the suggested seven to eight hours nightly can lead to weight gain, heart problems, and issues with your immune system. In fact, your life could depend on getting the recommended hours of sleep each night. According to a 2010 meta-analysis on sleep duration published in the journal Sleep, people who reported consistently sleeping five hours or less per night have a 12 percent higher risk of all-cause mortality.
"Don't judge a book by its cover."
As this age-old saying urges, making assumptions about someone else does not make you look, or feel, any better. Making assumptions can actually lead to spirals of negative thinking.
"We unconsciously make assumptions and judgments about (1) other people's behavior, (2) other people's intentions behind their behavior, and (3) our own behavior and intentions," explains licensed marriage and family counselor Diane Zimberoff. "Our assumptions are directly related to what we project onto others."
"Life has a way of working itself out."
Life will never give you everything you want—but that's okay! Sometimes, through not getting what you want, you end up exactly where you need to be.
Need proof? Look at Steven Spielberg. He was rejected three times by the University of Southern California's School of Cinematic Arts, and, wound up at California State University, Long Beach. While he was there, he was offered an unpaid internship at Universal Studios that kick-started his career. Suffice it to say that—with four Academy Awards—everything worked out pretty well for Spielberg.
"Wear sunscreen."
People aren't nagging you to put on sunscreen just to hear themselves talk. Rather, this piece of advice is for your own benefit: Per one 2018 study published in JAMA Dermatology, wearing sunscreen regularly can reduce your risk of developing melanoma by 40 percent.
And don't think that the end of summer also means the end of your sunscreen use. According to Amy Strohmaier PA-C, a dermatology physician assistant at Suncoast Skin Solutions in Florida, sporting sunscreen in the winter is vital, too. Why? The UVA rays that can cause wrinkles and cancer are just as prevalent in the winter months as they are in the summer months.
"Always be nice to customer service representatives."
It's not always easy to be on your best behavior when dealing with customer service representatives—but remember, they're human too! Not only will lashing out ruin their work day, but it might also cause a chain reaction for the dozens of customers who will later have to deal with this representative who's now in a bad mood.
"The reality is that our negative customer service experiences are far more memorable than our positive ones," Bill Crutcher, the president of the National Customer Service Association, explained to ABC News. "We typically embellish those negative events to anyone that will listen, thereby affecting the original source business well beyond that single frustrated customer."
"Don't go grocery shopping on an empty stomach."
Grocery shopping on an empty stomach is a recipe for one thing: overspending. In fact, University of Minnesota researchers found that hungrier shoppers spent 64 percent more money than those who were less hungry—not just on food-related items, but also on things like clothing.
"Don't make emotional decisions."
Heightened emotions—and anger especially—can cloud a person's judgment. It's unsurprising, then, that researchers at University College London found that most irrational behavior stems from the inability to ignore emotions. The study authors hypothesize that "more 'rational' individuals have a better and more refined representation of their own emotional biases that enables them to modify their behavior."
"Don't believe everything you read."
You should never take something you read on the internet at face value. A Health Feedback study—ironically posted on the internet—of the most popular health articles shared on social media in 2018 found that three-quarters of the top 10 posts relayed some type of false information, and these came from well-known websites like The Guardian and The Daily Mail. What's more, only three of the top 10 articles received a high or very high credibility rating; the rest received ratings that were neutral, low, or very low. Double-check your sources, folks!
"Don't text them."
When going through a painful breakup or the end of a toxic friendship, it's hard not to reach out to the person who hurt you. But, as friends and family will remind you, keeping a line of communication open between you and the person you're trying to distance yourself from will only prevent you from healing and moving on, ultimately leading to more suffering in the long run.
And don't think that you're cheating the system by silently stalking that person on social media. According to a 2012 study in Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, even just keeping tabs on your ex via Facebook is harmful to your mental health. The data from 464 participants showed that Facebook surveillance was associated with "greater current distress over the breakup, more negative feelings, sexual desire, and longing for the ex-partner," as well as "lower personal growth."
"You shouldn't have the same password for everything."
Though it makes it easier to remember on your end, you shouldn't have the same password for everything. A 2017 study released by Google revealed that 1.9 billion passwords had been stolen the year prior—and if you have the same password for everything, then all it takes is a hacker gaining access to one of your accounts before they control everything.
"You don't need to hold on to everything."
It can be hard to let go of things you feel might be of use in the future or to do away with items that have sentimental value. However, living with too much clutter—something that Americans list among the top five stressors in their lives—can bring your spirits crashing down. And conversely, one 2017 University of Zurich study even found that giving things away made people feel happier. So, if you're in need of some feel-good vibes, then take a page out of Marie Kondo's book and donate some of your old stuff!
"You should visit the doctor regularly!"
Many Americans don't go to the doctor as often as they should. One 2018 survey conducted by the West Health Institute revealed that in the year prior, a staggering 44 percent of Americans skipped doctor's appointments despite the fact that they were ill or injured.
And though it might not feel like a missed doctor's appointment or two makes a difference, regular checkups could be the difference between life and death. For example, according to 2014 research from Henry Ford Hospital, the risk of dying from melanoma dropped by 90 percent when someone regularly visited a specialist prior to their diagnosis.
"Maybe you should go to therapy."
According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, approximately one in five adults in the United States live with mental illness in any given year. However, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration notes that only 19.8 million out of the 46.6 million adults suffering from mental illness sought professional help in 2017. Therapy has been shown to have both emotional and physical health benefits, so if you think having a therapist might help you out of a rut, don't let any feelings of stigma or uncertainty stop you from reaching out to a professional.
"You should care about the Earth more."
We only have one planet to live on—and yet, many tend to take this fact for granted just because they don't think it directly affects them. However, this is far from the case. According to the American Meteorological Society, Earth's rate of warming has nearly doubled since 1975, and this has resulted in rising water levels, loss of ecosystems, and sporadic weather systems—just to name a few consequences.
On top of that, climate change has been shown to have detrimental effects on our overall health. Australia, for instance, experienced 532 heat-related deaths from 2000 to 2009—the same amount it experienced in the three decades prior combined.
"If you don't think it's funny, don't laugh."
It turns out, falsified emotions may not be as well-hidden as we'd all like to imagine. A 2014 study published in the journal Evolution and Human Behavior found that when subjects were exposed to fake laughter, only 37 percent were fooled. Awkward!
What's more, according to a University of Royal Holloway London study, fake laughing just for the sake of it can leave the recipient of the falsehood more anxious than appreciative. So let yourself laugh if it's genuine—but otherwise, you're better off forgoing the fake laughter.
"Ask questions."
Particularly if you're looking to better connect with someone, asking questions is the way to go. Why? Research conducted at the University of Texas at Arlington in 2016 found that mutual understanding between two strangers greatly increased when they communicated via questions and words rather than non-verbal cues. Ask more questions and you might just make a new friend!
"Start saving for retirement as early as possible."
If history has taught us anything, it's that the economy is a fickle beast. That's why saving for retirement as early as possible is important. The folks at financial services corporation Fidelity say that, by the time someone is 25, they should be setting aside 15 percent of their income in order to maintain the same lifestyle in retirement. But if that's too much, you can start smaller and increase the amount you're saving as you go. Even if you set aside just $50 a month starting at age 25, you'll have saved $15,ooo by the time you're 50!
"Pay yourself first."
The method of "paying yourself first" involves setting aside a little part of your paycheck in order to save up for something indulgent or unexpected. And if you pay yourself first, you might just find that your mood is all the better for it. According to a survey of 1,025 American adults by Ally Bank, there is a strong link between saving money and feeling good overall. Eighty-four percent of people surveyed said that having money saved contributed to their overall sense of well-being, even more so than things like eating healthy foods, having an enjoyable job, and getting regular exercise.
"Treat others how you would like to be treated."
Like the timeless Maya Angelou adage says: "People will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel." And Angelou is right—though it's not just the positive emotions that people will remember. Rather, according to a Review of General Psychology study titled "Bad Is Stronger Than Good," folks are much more likely to remember all the times when we treated them poorly.
"Bad emotions, bad parents, and bad feedback have more impact than good ones," the study notes. "Bad impressions and bad stereotypes are quicker to form and more resistant to disconfirmation than good ones." So, when you treat someone poorly, just remember it's not something they'll easily forget.
"Always ask for a raise."
Don't let yourself get so comfortable in your career that you find yourself sticking with the same salary for years at a time. Though asking for a raise may seem intimidating, it can contribute to a better work environment that benefits employees and employers alike.
In fact, according to a 2018 study published in the B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, even just a $1 increase to the minimum wage resulted in a 32 percent decrease in illness-related employee absences.
"Believe in yourself."
Not only is believing in yourself good for your overall well-being, but it also has major health benefits. In a 2019 study published in the journal Clinical Psychological Science, people who were kinder to themselves tended to experience slower heart rates and reduced sweat responses—two signs of better health and fewer heart problems—than those who spoke critically of themselves. And for more on these benefits, check out The Major Health Benefits of Being Kinder to Yourself.
Kali Coleman
Kali is an assistant editor at Best Life. Read more
Health Advice • Mental Health • Relationship Advice • Wellness • Your Brain
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