text:
● / Sleuth
Sleuth: Boris Johnson in new Manchester job, Oxford Rd deer fined and Neighbourhood tells it as it is
Sleuth 17 May 2019
Week 20: Let's say nice things about everything all the time and drink good cut-price wine
Sleuth is a sideways glance at the city each week. It's the truth, but Sleuth's truth. Sometimes Sleuth even gets serious, but not often... @mcrsleuth
Boris Johnson announces candidature in Manchester
Sleuth was delighted that Boris Johnson decided to announce his intention to go for a new job in Manchester this week. Since the tragic death of Ray Boddington, of the famed Piccadilly Rats band, earlier this year, the city has missed one of its premier tourist attractions. So it seems fitting the former foreign secretary has decided to apply to fill the spot once occupied by the much loved entertainer. "I'm going to see if other ex-members and current members of the Cabinet want to join in as well," said the tousled haired maverick madman to Sleuth. "After all we've enjoyed making the public laugh at us for years now." "And how will you announce the new line-up of the band?" asked Sleuth. "We'll advertise it on the side of buses, saying that 350 million people love our performances. It's not true, but the public will believe any crock of shit."
Boris to join Piccadilly Rats
Deer on Oxford Street in shock Town Hall move
Sleuth was moved to see a deer running down Oxford Road on Thursday. The animal was clearly disorientated. Manchester City Council was unmoved. "Of course, we still had to fine it £60," said a stern spokesperson. "It ignored all the signs warning that only buses, black cabs and bikes could travel down the road. The signs are very obvious and in plain English. We can't make exceptions just because the deer is a wild animal and may not be able to read." "I couldn't believe I was fined," Bambi told Sleuth. "I didn't see any signs. Also, the way the street changes so quickly between areas that anybody can use and those that have restrictions is totally bewildering. I was very upset that day, as well, because my mother had just died. I won't be coming into Manchester any time soon, I can tell you."
Have some low quality shaky footage of the deer in action pic.twitter.com/BvLJpJPPRw
— Rosey (@rosemaryogden) May 16, 2019
Hawksmoor restaurant's wine promotion extended
Sleuth was amused by Hawksmoor's announcement on Twitter this week: "To the customer who accidentally got given a bottle of Chateau le Pin Pomerol 2001, which is £4,500 on our menu, last night - hope you enjoyed your evening!" Following the unprecedented success of this little story across the established media and social media, Sleuth was pleased to see Hawksmoor has decided to make permanent the offer to sell £4,500 bottles of wine for buttons. Sleuth went down to enjoy a bottle himself but other people had beaten him to it.
Wine promotion pulls in the crowds at Hawksmoor
Uncritical Manchester media
After, the publisher's heartfelt article on Thursday, Sleuth has decided that perhaps discretion is the better part of valour. But it did pain him when a nationally famous chef in his early fifties - from a prominent London/Manchester restaurant on the fringe of Spinningfields - told Sleuth that "Confidential shouldn't criticise the city and its restaurants". Instead, he said, "Confidential should support the food and drink industry in every way and not write negative restaurant reviews, even if an experience in a restaurant had been crap. It didn't help the sector". Sleuth was terrified by this and exclaimed "What?!" pointing out that, through responsible criticism, restaurants, cities and people improve. The chef, like some people it would seem, want a supine media without any edge at all. How very dangerous, thinks Sleuth.
The inspiration for Deansgate Square revealed
Sleuth was at the launch of the Dakota Hotel this week. It's a splendid place and should be a real boost for the Ducie Street/Piccadilly side of town. In the restaurant Sleuth saw a poster. It was for Metropolis, the 1927 German movie in which there is a highly stylised futuristic city where a beautiful and cultured utopia exists above a bleak underworld populated by mistreated workers. It reminded him of something. Ah yes, he thought, clearly SimpsonHaugh Architects had something similar in mind at Deansgate Square, the new cluster of towers with the tallest building outside the capital.
Metropolis poster at Dakota looks familiar
The new Metropolis form SimpsonHaugh Architects
Neighbourhood bar tells it as it is
Sleuth was passing Neighbourhood bar this week, the Spinningfields' place that had its licence revoked in April this year following repeated trouble and violence. He was surprised to see lights on in the building. Turns out it was an illuminated artwork along one wall rather than anything signifying an imminent reopening. Sleuth squinted through the window and discerned that the artwork was made up of two large neon words reading: 'Shit Happens'. How apt, thought Sleuth, sums up the bar perfectly.
Shit happens, it really does, and it really did at Neighbourhood
Dakota Hotel
● / News & Comment
Flippers not slippers: Interview with champion fundraiser Craig Keatley
The 'Wall' stays: Piccadilly Gardens' new plans won't drop the thing
Finally Manchester has 24hr public toilets. Now what about our other amenities?
● / News
Manchester's bus franchising consultation - Have you had your say?
● / Features/Opinion
Golden Age - when Manchester won major sporting medals...for water polo
City centre skunk stink: it's not going away soon
Rail Fail - Northern Rail to lose franchise?
Interviews with Inanimate Objects: 2019
Restaurants we've lost in 2019
But when one door closes, another one usually opens…
Albert Square reborn: We look at the plans. We have questions
Jonathan Schofield takes a critical look at the ambitions for Albert Square
Is this the thief who's turned over TWENTY city centre bars and pubs?
A fund of £2,500 has been set up to catch him. Can you help?
Greater Manchester's new Conservative MPs - who, where, how?
Andrea Sandor looks at those who won the day by as little as 105 votes


In many cases, chemo will be administered through a small needle inserted in a vein in your hand or lower arm. And sometimes, it is given through a port, an implanted device that allows drugs to be given intravenously (through an IV) without repeated needle sticks. It's a small, round disc made of plastic or metal that's surgically inserted under the skin, usually in the upper chest. The port becomes the point of entry for all your chemo infusions. It also allows your nurse to draw blood at any time during your treatments.
How is the port implanted?
Getting a port requires a surgery that typically takes less than one hour. While you're under anesthesia, a surgeon or interventional radiologist will make an incision on your chest and lower neck so that the port can be placed inside the body.
How is the port removed?
When it's no longer needed (when you've gone into remission), your doctor or nurse will remove the port. It's generally a painless procedure, and local anesthesia is only sometimes required. A small incision will be made over the port location and the port will be pulled out. The wound will be stitched and covered. You may temporarily feel a bit tender where the port was removed.


Pediatric MDAEs according to device class and patient age group.
Incidence rates of pediatric MDAEs according to age group.
Estimates of <1200 may be potentially unstable.
CNS indicates central nervous system.


Many churches have occasional special mission-focused services. If you would like to host such an event at your church with a focus on ICC and our work in Haiti and the Dominican Republic, please contact us. We can send a DVD, literature, note cards or other products that you can use to promote and support ICC. ICC staff or board are also able to travel to attend your event and share about our work.
This prayer is one the ICC staff has written that you can use in your personal prayer time or as part of a worship service or mission event. Feel free to reproduce or modify it as appropriate.
We give you thanks for your presence with us today.
We ask your blessing on all the children of the world, and especially those in Haiti and the Dominican Republic who are suffering and in need of your care.
We lift before you the patients, staff, and administrators of Grace Children's Hospital, the many health workers who risk danger each day to help families in need, and the Dominican rehabilitation workers who bring joy to children with disabilities.
We also pray for the staff of International Child Care in the U.S. and Canada as they work to raise resources to support the ministry.
Send your spirit of peace and unity among the fighting factions in Haiti and everywhere there is discord, and grant wisdom to the leaders who govern all nations, so that we may live together peaceably.
Help us always to open our arms to the little children as Jesus did, and hold us all close to your heart, Lord.


text:
HomeBreaking NewsUtah father Michael Haight kills wife, 5 kids in murder-suicide after wife files for divorce
Utah father Michael Haight kills wife, 5 kids in murder-suicide after wife files for divorce
A 42-year-old Utah man gunned down seven family members, including his five children between ages 4 and 17, then turned the gun on himself — two weeks after his wife had filed for divorce, authorities said.
Officials in Enoch City on Thursday identified the suspected gunman in the murder-suicide as 42-year-old Michael Haight, and the victims as his wife, Tausha Haight, 40, their three daughters, ages 17, 12 and 7, and two sons, ages 7 and 4.
Also killed was Tausha Haight's mother, 78-year-old Gail Earl, according to a press release from the Enoch City government. Each of the victims appeared to have gunshot wounds.
Court records showed wife Tausha had filed for divorce from Michael on Dec. 21, but it was not immediately known why she had sought to end their marriage.
Police sent officers to perform a welfare check on the Haight family Wednesday after relatives and friends contacted officials saying they were worried and had not heard from the victims.
Cops found all eight family members dead inside their home still decked with Christmas lights on Albert Drive.
"At this time, we do not believe there is a threat to the public or that there are any suspects at large," officials said in a press release.
Michael Haight was listed as an Allstate Insurance agent based out of Cedar City, Utah, but a family friend told Fox 13 that he had quit his job just days before the slaughter.
Enoch is a town of about 8,000 people located 245 miles south of Salt Lake City and about equally distant from Las Vegas.
Enoch City Manager Rob Dotson said the community was left reeling from news of the tragedy and that the Haights were well-known in the town.
"Many of us have served with them in church, in the community and gone to school with these individuals," Dotson said Wednesday night. "This community at this time is hurting. They're feeling loss, they're feeling pain and they have a lot of questions."
Michael and Tausha Haight's five children attended schools in the Iron County School District, officials said in a letter sent to parents.
📝 By NY POST
Breaking News Crime News

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Doux Reviews: Star Trek The Next Generation: Who Watches the Watchers?
Star Trek The Next Generation: Who Watches the Watchers?
"Millennia ago, they abandoned their belief in the supernatural. Now you are asking me to sabotage that achievement, to send them back into the Dark Ages of superstition and ignorance and fear?"
Anthropologists on a world covered by the Prime Directive experience technological issues. Their holographically-concealed station becomes exposed to the Mintakan primitives, potentially upending their civilization. A rescue mission to fix a malfunction now faces a problem far bigger than a few men and a replacement battery.
I love Prime Directive episodes because they critique one of the more important ethical dilemmas of future Earth: how to handle contact with alien races. And not just the powerful alien races which come to destroy us: races that are equal to, maybe even not quite where we are technologically yet. This episode shows what could happen if things go wrong, gives us a reason for the Directive to exist. In each attempt to repair the damage from the initial accidental revelation, the problem escalates. The shocked locals are injured. Dr. Crusher tries to wipe their memories and cure their bodies, but the locals remember scenes from the Enterprise. Picard becomes worshipped as a healing God. Riker and Troi take disguise to visit the locals and are somewhat revealed instead. The net effect of this comedy of errors is to turn a Vulcan-like, rational society back to superstitious ideas they thought they'd outgrown, with an uncertain religious element thrown in.
Instead of allowing the misunderstanding, Picard chooses to confront the problem head-on by kidnapping Nuria. He tries to explain what the Mintakans saw in terms she can understand. It's an interesting solution which doesn't resolve everything. Doesn't the mere knowledge of technology's existence - teleportation and medication etcetera - change the development of a society? Picard's speech, however, is persuasive. Nuria listens, and he makes the right analogies for her understanding to take a new course. He has power and more technology, but his abilities aren't limitless. Conveniently, one of the members of the anthropological crew dies, giving Picard the opportunity to do nothing and show how good he is at it. Throughout Nuria makes the progression from superstition to logic to acceptance realistic, believable, and even heart-wringing. It's a stretch to develop that much in what amounts to fifteen minutes of ship-time, but Scott pulls it off and makes us believe it.
During all of this, Troi's been left behind on the planet with the secondary plot. Despite her empathic abilities, she's been utterly unable to work with the Mintakans and help them see the truth. A sudden and unusual thunderstorm strikes the Mintakan folks as being representative the anger of Picard. In true superstitious form the Mintakans plot to sacrifice Troi with a bow and arrow. Rescue comes all at once when Picard arrives with Nuria, but Picard has to take an arrow and an injury to prove he's only human and save the larger situation.
Yes, the Mintakans were willing to kill for their beliefs, but it was with the wild, uncontrollable wish that they could somehow conquer death. They were willing to stop at nothing on the off chance they could bring those six dead Mintakans back. And I kept thinking, yes, how horrible, how normal, how human, how many wars have we had out of the desire to see our loved ones one more time? It makes their actions forgivable–but how much damage was still done, simply by revealing the existence of Starfleet and other races? And how will the Federation see this particular Prime Directive violation?
The look Crusher shoots at Picard when he chastises her about breaking the Prime Directive, right after asking her to wipe the memories of Mintakans. She clearly thinks he has no grounds for claiming to be ethical.
The moment when Jean-Luc tells the truth to Nuria about his name and where she is. He looks so sheepish! And he should: it was his off-hand "just use the damn memory wipe" that resulted in the partial memory which turned him into a god. He has very personal guilt in this matter. Patrick Stewart pulls off a sterling performance throughout.
And a few minutes later: when Picard comments Nuria on her leadership skills. The dude is smooth.
Scruffy Alien-Costume Riker. This episode gives a great example of why I'm fond of men with beards.
Troi: I am Troi and this is Riker. You've had a very interesting dream.
Liko: Dream? It was real!
Oji: My father and I both witnessed these beings.
Troi: If you are father and daughter, you may well have shared the same dream.
Liko: That is not reasonable.
Riker: Is that any less reasonable than being magically transported to another place by the Picard?
Nuria: I do not fear you any longer.
Picard: Good. That's good. You see, my people once lived in caves. And then we learned to build huts and, in time, to build ships like this one.
Nuria: Perhaps one day, my people will travel above the skies.
Maybe it's sentimental, but I think this episode speaks really to the heart of the Trek audience and the Trek dream of the future. "Who Watches the Watchers?" reflects some of Trek's most deeply held principles about what civilization and duty can mean.
Four out of four hologram malfunctions.
I hate this episode, largely because it subscribes to a 19th century notion of humankind somehow 'evolving' from magic to religion to science that I fundamentally disagree with academically. Great review though Joseph - I'm glad there are fans who enjoy the Prime Directive episodes, even if they always give me a sinking feeling when I realise they're coming!
I liked this one a lot, too. Maybe it was because the situation started by accident and then just got increasingly messy, much like it would in real life. Maybe it was the wise young female leader Nuria, who was finally able to grasp the situation. The character played by Ray Wise under a lot of make-up kept going for the superstitious answer, but it was only because he wanted his dead wife back. It was a complex story and there really was no pat solution. Well done.
They filmed the Mintakan village at Vasquez Rocks! I actually recognized it from other Star Trek episodes. A Buffy episode was filmed there, too. When I was living in L.A., I kept meaning to go there one day, but never got around to it.
Loved the review and kind of like Prime Directive episodes because they focus on ethics and not just joy-riding around the universe but I get where you are coming from Juliette. So being the picky person I am I started this episode thinking - why don't they just keep the guy sedated the whole time? These are proto-Vulcans so they know the physiology. I know, that would have ended the episode rather abruptly but sometimes I wish the writers would try a little harder.


text:
Q: Override a method in Magento\UrlRewrite\Controller\Router class I want to make some changes in the getNormalizedPathInfo method of Magento\UrlRewrite\Controller\Router class.
For this, I have created a module and tried to rewrite like below:

Step #1: app/code/Stack/FixPagination/etc/di.xml

<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:ObjectManager/etc/config.xsd">
    <preference for="Magento\UrlRewrite\Controller\Router" type="Stream\FixPagination\Controller\Router" />
</config>

Step #2: app/code/Stack/FixPagination/Controller/Router.php

<?php
namespace Stack\FixPagination\Controller;

use Magento\Framework\App\RequestInterface;

class Router extends \Magento\UrlRewrite\Controller\Router {

    private function getNormalizedPathInfo(RequestInterface $request): string
    {
        $path = (string)$request->getPathInfo();
        if (!empty($path) && $request->getQuery()->count()) {
            $path = ltrim($path, '/'); // changed rtrim to ltrim
        }

        return $path;
    }
}

But my changes are not reflecting. What am I doing wrong?

A: You are trying to override private function, you can't override it. You can use below code in your controller file.

app/code/Stack/FixPagination/Controller/Router.php

<?php
namespace Stack\FixPagination\Controller;

use Magento\Framework\App\RequestInterface;

class Router extends \Magento\UrlRewrite\Controller\Router {

    public function match(RequestInterface $request)
    {
        $rewrite = $this->getRewrite(
            $this->_getNormalizedPathInfo($request),
            $this->storeManager->getStore()->getId()
        );

        if ($rewrite === null) {
            //No rewrite rule matching current URl found, continuing with
            //processing of this URL.
            return null;
        }
        if ($rewrite->getRedirectType()) {
            //Rule requires the request to be redirected to another URL
            //and cannot be processed further.
            return $this->processRedirect($request, $rewrite);
        }
        //Rule provides actual URL that can be processed by a controller.
        $request->setAlias(
            UrlInterface::REWRITE_REQUEST_PATH_ALIAS,
            $rewrite->getRequestPath()
        );
        $request->setPathInfo('/' . $rewrite->getTargetPath());
        return $this->actionFactory->create(
            \Magento\Framework\App\Action\Forward::class
        );
    }

    private function _getNormalizedPathInfo(RequestInterface $request): string
    {
        $path = (string)$request->getPathInfo();
        if (!empty($path) && $request->getQuery()->count()) {
            $path = ltrim($path, '/'); // changed rtrim to ltrim
        }

        return $path;
    }
}

Instead of getNormalizedPathInfo, you can create new _getNormalizedPathInfo, and you can use it. This is not a best solution. But you can not override private method. Instead of overriding controller, you can create Plugin.
Change content in your di.xml file here

app/code/Stack/FixPagination/etc/di.xml

Content for this file is...
<config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:ObjectManager/etc/config.xsd">
    <type name="Magento\UrlRewrite\Controller\Router">
        <plugin name="plugin_router" type="Stack\FixPagination\Plugin\RouterPlugin" />
    </type>
</config>

Create Plugin file here..

app/code/Stack/FixPagination/Plugin/RouterPlugin.php

Content for this file is..
<?php

namespace Stack\FixPagination\Plugin;

use Magento\Framework\App\RequestInterface;
use Magento\Framework\UrlInterface;

class RouterPlugin extends \Magento\UrlRewrite\Controller\Router implements \Magento\Framework\App\RouterInterface
{
    public function aroundMatch(\Magento\UrlRewrite\Controller\Router $router, \Closure $proceed, RequestInterface $request)
    {
        $rewrite = $router->getRewrite(
            $this->getNormalizedPathInfo($request),
            $router->storeManager->getStore()->getId()
        );

        if ($rewrite === null) {
            //No rewrite rule matching current URl found, continuing with
            //processing of this URL.
            return null;
        }
        if ($rewrite->getRedirectType()) {
            //Rule requires the request to be redirected to another URL
            //and cannot be processed further.
            return $router->processRedirect($request, $rewrite);
        }
        //Rule provides actual URL that can be processed by a controller.
        $request->setAlias(
            UrlInterface::REWRITE_REQUEST_PATH_ALIAS,
            $rewrite->getRequestPath()
        );
        $request->setPathInfo('/' . $rewrite->getTargetPath());
        return $router->actionFactory->create(
            \Magento\Framework\App\Action\Forward::class
        );
    }

    private function getNormalizedPathInfo(RequestInterface $request): string
    {
        $path = $request->getPathInfo();
        /**
         * If request contains query params then we need to trim a slash in end of the path.
         * For example:
         * the original request is: http://my-host.com/category-url-key.html/?color=black
         * where the original path is: category-url-key.html/
         * and the result path will be: category-url-key.html
         *
         * It need to except a redirect like this:
         * http://my-host.com/category-url-key.html/?color=black => http://my-host.com/category-url-key.html
         */
        if (!empty($path) && $request->getQuery()->count()) {
            $path = rtrim($path, '/');
        }

        return (string)$path;
    }
}

Hope this will help you!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
A list by Melanie Glotfelty | sort by: latest
LourdesFranceLourdes, a world bastion of spirituality, welcomes over 6 million visitors from over 140 countries every year (of which +/- 60,000 sick and... LyonFranceNotre-Dame de Fourvière. A basilica that earned a place in my top-10 of most beautiful churches. In 1870 France was at war with Prussia and the... LyonFranceIn the St John the Baptist Cathedral you can discover this 9 meter tall 14th-century astronomical clock, the oldest in France and one of the oldest... Vézelay AbbeyVézelay, FranceThe famous tympanum of the basilica dates back to the 12th century. It represents the origins of the Church, with Christ who blesses the apostles... Bailly-le-FrancFranceHalf-timbered churches are a real rarity. They date from the late 14th - 18th century. In the region of the Der (department of the Aube, southern... Cathédrale Notre-Dame de ParisParis, FranceThe Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris, a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, is the most visited monument in France. It was built in the Middle... Cathédrale Notre-Dame de ParisParis, FranceThe legend of Saint-Denis. The façade of the Notre-Dame Cathedral is richly decorated with statues. The photo shows Saint-Denis, one of the three... Cathédrale Notre-Dame de ParisParis, FranceThe Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris, a masterpiece of early Gothic architecture, is the most visited monument in France. It was built in the... Sainte-ChapelleParis, FranceCeiling of the Sainte-Chapelle, a royal chapel in Gothic style within the medieval Palais de la Cité, the residence of the Kings of France until... BayeuxFranceNotre-Dame Cathedral. The Original Bayeux cathedral was consecrated on 14 July 1077 in the presence of William, Duke of Normandy and King of... BayeuxFranceThe interior of the cathedral was once the home of the famous Bayeux Tapestry. #TroveOnTuesday #Perspectives ChamonixFranceThe Mer de Glace is France's biggest glacier: 7 km long, surface area 40 km², 200 m thick, altitude 1913 m (take the mountain train in Chamonix to... MegèveFranceThis charming ski-resort town is a great summer base from which to explore the French Alps. Have tea at Laduree, grab a fancy three-star dinner at...


text:
Identity Matters in Leadership: Egon Zehnder's THE FOCUS Explores How Great Leaders Master Transformation for Themselves and for Their Organizations
LONDON, September 14, 2015 – Egon Zehnder, a global leader in executive search and leadership advisory services, today released the 26th edition of its leadership magazine, THE FOCUS. The annual issue explores leadership through the lens of identity – reflecting the growing awareness that – far beyond skill sets and past performance – character and personality are key for great leadership.
"Identity is not set in stone. It is forever fluid, imbued with the ability to adapt and attain personal growth, keeping pace with changing environments and inherent challenges," says Damien O'Brien, Egon Zehnder's Chairman and Publisher of THE FOCUS. "It is increasingly clear that what matters most in leadership is the human element," he adds. "The ability to engage, inspire, and persuade others is central to effecting positive change."
The issue features articles and in-depth interviews with senior leaders from diverse industries and backgrounds. The first articles and videos to appear online include conversations with three CEOs: Marissa Mayer of Yahoo!, the LEGO Group's Jørgen Vig Knudstorp, and Rosewood Hotel Group's Sonia Cheng. Also featured is a dialogue between Jillian Ellis, World Cup-winning head coach of the US Women's National Soccer Team, and the CEO of The New York Times Company, Mark Thompson, about the thrill of competition.
Business leaders today face increased complexity and persistent unpredictability; how they lead and react to change defines their success. "Great leaders not only embrace this voyage of self-discovery and personal growth, they also accept the challenge of shaping and reshaping the identities of the organizations they lead – to achieve lasting impact in a disruptive world," adds O'Brien.
Alongside the print edition of the magazine, companion videos are available exclusively on Egon Zehnder's YouTube channel through the In Dialogue With series. THE FOCUS is available on the Egon Zehnder Publications app on the App Store and Google Play store.
About Egon Zehnder
Founded in 1964, Egon Zehnder is a global leader in executive search and talent advisory services with more than 560 consultants in 63 offices across 36 countries. The firm provides senior-level executive search, board search and advisory, CEO succession, family business advisory as well as leadership assessment and development to the world's most respected organizations. Egon Zehnder's clients range from large corporations to emerging growth companies, family and private-equity controlled entities, government and regulatory bodies, and major educational and cultural organizations.
For more information visit www.egonzehnder.com and follow us on LinkedIn and Twitter.
For media inquiries, please contact:
Hilary Crnkovich
Head of Global Marketing and Communications
E: hilary@egonzehnder.com


I promise I've seen you and even thought about how you're created in God's image. I've even wondered if you know that … if you know Him.
In the moments we've shared—in the car, plane, coffee shop or café—I've tried to muster the courage to tell you all about Him. But instead I've looked through you, caring more about my comfort than where your life will end.
You may think I'm kind or friendly. But truth be told, I'm the furthest from those things. Instead I've been the selfish keeper of life's greatest secret and supreme treasure—Jesus.
And for those of you thinking, "Saving is up to God," I know that. But I also know He's invited me into the work.
Somehow I am His vessel … His Ambassador in a dark world in need of His light.
I can't seem to reconcile how these two things work together, but I do know I've been given a divine duty from my Maker—and yours—and too often I watch opportunities pass.
My quest for comfort denies you of the greatest news I've ever come to know.
To the people I've looked through, please forgive me. I hope to see you on the other side, and, if I do, I can't wait to hear your story and praise God for the person who chose to truly see you. His messenger of grace that gave you a second chance and gave me one too.
We deployed a missionary last week. But we didn't send her far … 20 miles further south at most.
And, no, we aren't in a third world country sending her across the border or to a new people group. We're in the Bible Belt. Churches are on every corner, and yet those numbered with Christ are declining.
She's going to change that in Corporate America, and her first day is today.
Based on that description, do you still think she's a missionary?
My guess is that the more I defined where she's deployed, the less "missionary" she became. The roads she walks are paved, showers and toilets are easily accessible, water is clean for the drinking, and the people speak her language.
But—biblically speaking—she's a missionary. And so are you.
Missionary isn't a career reserved for the super spiritual with a call to travel far distances to live among people that greatly contrast from their own upbringing.
And it's not a side-gig when you have extra time on a Saturday morning.
It's for people that know Jesus and live to make Him known. That includes you and me. The Great Commission isn't just a call just for Christ's first twelve disciples … it is a command for every person that has known, knows, and will know Him.
By the end of Acts, we're introduced to a lot of believers. Peter, Barnabas, Paul, Stephen, Philip, and Lydia are the names of just a few. Some of them were blatantly sent to new places to sow gospel seeds, others stayed where they were planted to do the same.
But regardless of their formal career title or source of income, they lived as missionaries—sent ones proclaiming Christ crucified and raised to life for the forgiveness of sins and salvation of all who believed in Him.
Believer, do you define yourself as a missionary?
Because you are, and I want to encourage you to boldly own that title for the glory of God wherever He's placed you.


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Tor was interviewed by Pam Stack on Authors on Air. You can listen to the full interview here.
Website for author, Tor Udall, and her debut novel, A Thousand Paper Birds - a story about love, loss and origami set in Kew Gardens. Published by Bloomsbury June 2017.
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A cracking first vintage from this special vineyard above Lake Waitaki. Palest straw green in color; aromatically showing lemons, limes, white flowers and lovely underlying minerality, reminiscent of rain falling on hot river stones. The palate is full-bodied; classified 'medium-dry'. Fresh flavor of citrus with well-balanced acid structure. Drinking well now.
Off-dry, this is a rich and concentrated wine that unfolds interwoven flavours of spicy yellow stone fruits, honey, flint and earth. The second vintage from this special vineyard above Lake Waitaki. Brilliant straw-yellow colour with light hues of gold, pale on the rim.


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Police: Missing Flint girl, 5, may be with non-custodial mother
Palace Evionna Edelen, was last seen with her mother, Fashan Burnett-Skinner, who does not have custody.
Police: Missing Flint girl, 5, may be with non-custodial mother Palace Evionna Edelen, was last seen with her mother, Fashan Burnett-Skinner, who does not have custody. Check out this story on Freep.com: https://on.freep.com/2sQUl4w
DeAsia Paige, Detroit Free Press Published 12:47 p.m. ET June 11, 2018
Fashana Burnett-Skinner and Palace Evionna Edelen(Photo: via Flint Police Department)
Authorities are seeking information on the whereabouts about a missing 5-year-old Flint girl.
The Flint Police Department has issued an endangered missing advisory for Palace Evionna Edelen, who was last seen with her mother, Fashan Burnett-Skinner. Burnett-Skinner, 47, is described by police as dark-skinned, 5-foot-7-inches and 225 pounds.
An endangered missing advisory is a tool that law enforcement uses to help recover a person who has gone missing under suspicious circumstances when the criteria for issuing an Amber Alert has not been met.
Burnett-Skinner does not have custody of her daughter, police said.
It's official: Morouns sell Detroit train station to Ford
Executive director of ACLU to leave Michigan for New York position
Police said Palace was possibly riding in a white older-model Hyundai with a missing front grill when she went missing. Police also said that the car had front fender damage on the driver's side.
Palace is 3 feet tall, 45 pounds and has blue eyes, authorities said.
According to police, Palace was wearing a white T-shirt and blue jean shorts with pockets on the side when she was last seen.
Anyone with information is asked to call 911 or the Flint Police Department at 810-237-6802.
Read or Share this story: https://on.freep.com/2sQUl4w
Man mauled by 3 pit bulls in Detroit neighborhood


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What Does the Constitution Actually Say About Voting Rights?
Or, how the Shelby ruling is like starving a dog to death
Garrett Epps
Since the Supreme Court's 5-4 decision in Shelby County v. Holder in June, conservative governments in the South and elsewhere have raced to introduce new voting restrictions. Most prominent in the attacks is the comprehensive vote-restriction law passed by the Republican majority in the North Carolina legislature. The law cuts back early voting, restricts private groups from conducting voter-registration drives, eliminates election-day voter registration, and imposes the strictest voter ID rules in the country. There is evidence that Republican legislatures elsewhere will follow North Carolina's lead.
Neither the American people nor the federal courts would tolerate restrictions of this sort if they were imposed on free speech, free assembly, freedom of religion, or freedom to petition government for redress of grievances. For that matter, many Southern states--and probably a majority of the Supreme Court--would reject far less onerous restrictions on the right to "keep and bear arms." Yet each of those rights is mentioned only once in the Constitution. The "right to vote" is mentioned five times--and yet the Court has brushed it aside as a privilege that states may observe at their convenience. Even an overwhelming majority of Congress--which is given the power to enforce the right in no fewer than four different places in the Constitution--cannot protect this right more strongly than the Court feels appropriate.
What would happen if we took the Constitution's text on this matter seriously?
Consider this instruction to a house-sitter: "Don't let the dog out at night. Don't feed the dog dry food." The homeowner returns six weeks later to find the dog dead of starvation. The house-sitter explains, "You never said there actually was a dog or that if there was one I should feed it, just that I shouldn't let it out or feed it dry food. I did neither."
Would that explanation satisfy the owner?
Well, many of our most cherished rights are guaranteed in the kind of language the homeowner uses. For example, the First Amendment does not say, "everybody has freedom of speech and of religion"; it prohibits Congress from making laws infringing on religious freedom and our freedom of speech. But you would not say that it does not guarantee free speech and religion.
What, then, about the right to vote? The phrase appears for the first time in the Fourteenth Amendment, which says that states shall lose congressional representation "when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime."
But whatever Section Two of the Fourteenth Amendment means, it really can't mean that everyone must be allowed to vote. It penalizes states that withhold the ballot but does not require them to grant it. The Fifteenth Amendment, however, does speak specifically of "the right of citizens of the United States to vote.
In this form, it will appear a total of three more times, each time now protected against abridgment, as an individual right "of citizens," one that can be enforced by both courts and Congress. Yet courts and citizens remain oddly am- bivalent about it; it is common to regard voting as a "privilege," an incident of citizenship granted to some but not all. The "privilege" over the years has been made dependent on literacy, or long residency in a community, or ability to prove identity, or lack of a criminal past. None of these conditions would be allowed to restrict free speech, or freedom from "unreasonable" searches, or the right to counsel, even though each of those rights is mentioned once in the Constitution. The right to vote of citizens of the United States remains a kind of stepchild in the family of American rights, perhaps because it is not listed in the Bill of Rights, and perhaps because Americans still retain the Framers' ambivalence about democracy.
In the Fifteenth Amendment, the right to vote is not to be "denied or abridged on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Note the second verb. Many things might "abridge" a right without "denying" it altogether. Whatever the status of the right as a right, it is apparently quite strictly protected from any kind of limit--any kind of limit, that is, based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." The target is clear--racial restrictions on voting, or restrictions of the voting rights of former slaves. It is commonplace, thus, to describe the amendment as aimed solely at racial restrictions on the right to vote.
But that description slights part of the text. The amendment mentions "race" and "color," but those aren't the only grounds of discrimination it forbids. It also uses the word "servitude," echoing the Thirteenth Amendment's prohibition not only of slavery but of "involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted."
The choice of the word "servitude" interacts intriguingly with the text of the Thirteenth Amendment. That is, "slavery" is prohibited, as is "involuntary servitude except as a punishment for crime." This language certainly foresaw that in the future, convicts might be put to hard labor, as indeed they were. (One recent book remembered the conditions in the 20th-century Parchman Farm prison in Mississippi as "worse than slavery.") But that kind of "servitude" is not mentioned in the Fifteenth Amendment; the omission suggests that conviction of crime in and of itself would not be an acceptable reason for restricting "the right to vote." Even convicted criminals must be afforded the right in its fullest extent.
In this reading, only felons actively serving prison terms could be barred from voting--their "condition of servitude" would be present, not "previous." The laborious process of civil-rights restoration imposed by many states (in 2010, one southern governor briefly proposed a requirement that every free felon write him a personal letter outlining his or her contributions to society) seems contrary not only to the spirit but also to the letter of the Fifteenth Amendment.
One can understand questions about felons on juries. But "the right of citizens of the United States to vote" is more strongly protected in the text than jury service. It is the only right in the Constitution to be protected in terms of "previous condition of servitude." These words demand that we give them a meaning commensurate with their extent.
In Section Two, as in Section Two of the Thirteenth Amendment and Section Five of the Fourteenth Amendment, Congress is again given the power to enforce the amendment "by appropriate legislation." The Supreme Court has taken as narrow a view of this power as it has of the first two such grants. It is has written of the right to vote in scare quotes -- as "the right" to vote -- as if it were somehow questionable or inferior to other rights. But in light of the Constitution's actual language, that reading seems as strained as a house-sitter's argument that an owner's instructions permit him to starve the dog to death.
This piece is adapted from the book American Epic: Reading the Constitution.
Garrett Epps is a contributing writer at The Atlantic. He teaches constitutional law and creative writing for law students at the University of Baltimore. His latest book is American Justice 2014: Nine Clashing Visions on the Supreme Court.


Our specialty is renovating and modifying homes to accommodate the needs of the owners as they age, enabling them to "age in place" in familiar neighborhoods and communities. Our services include structural modifications for wheelchair or walker accessibility, such as doorway width, countertop height, low or zero clearance shower surrounds. We also provide kitchen and bath renovation and remodeling services including cabinets, countertops, lighting, painting and flooring. We will always work within your budget.
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Sri Lanka food prices hit record highs, inflation rises to 12.1 pc in December
Correspondent / Agency
Colombo [Sri Lanka]: Sri Lanka's food prices hit record highs as inflation increased to 12.1 per cent in December last year, up 2.2 per cent from November in the same year.
The change in the Colombo Consumer Price Index, measured on an annual average basis, rose to 6.0 per cent in December from 5.3 per cent in November, reported Sri Lankan NewsRadio.
Issuing a statement, the Central Bank said factors in the supply chain were the main contributors to the increase in inflation.
The Central Bank statement noted that Inflation was driven by monthly increases in prices of items in both food and non-food categories, reported NewsRadio.
Subsequently, food inflation increased to 22.1 per cent in December 2021 from 17.5 per cent in November 2021, while non-food inflation increased to 7.5 per cent in December 2021 from 6.4 per cent in November 2021.
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LiteCart is an e-commerce application platform that is built with PHP, HTML 5 and jQuery. This software is easy to install easy to navigate and as a logical user interface. It reduces the number of mouse clicks you need in order to accomplish typical processes. The innovative features and modern design are very attractive for customers and users alike. Plug-and-play applications bring a modern interface to online shopping that will keep your customers engaged. The online catalogue and shopping cart platform is also efficient so customers can complete their credit card purchases quickly and easily in a secure transaction environment.


East Coastline 28,673, The Gulf Coast 17,141, the Pacific Coast at 40,296 miles and Alaska's 2,521 miles and glorious Hawaiian Coastline. You may want to do something fun and different and have a memorable beach wedding. Couples today want to do something that isn't anything like their parents did years ago. Many couples seek "same day weddings, renewing their wedding vows and desire special settings for their marriage.
Time of Day, Weather, Tides, Comfort, Alternatives, What To Wear, Traditions or Themes What time of day do you wish to have your wedding - sunrise, sunset, or early morning? I would suggest you do not have a beach wedding during the heat of the afternoon. Not only would it be uncomfortably hot for many people, beaches tend to be crowded during this period of the day. Remember, it also cools down a lot in the evenings when on a beach. Remind your guests to bring sweaters, jackets and some blankets just in case they are needed.
What is the tide schedule? How high does the tide get at that particular beach? You will need to plan your wedding time around the tides. The last thing you need is having to suddenly pack up and leave because the tide is coming in and you didn't foresee this.
As you'll probably be planning your wedding several months in advance, you'll need to determine the type of weather that normally occurs around your wedding date. Create an "Alternative Plan." What will you do if it rains or if the day is unusually cold or extremely hot? You will need to prepare a backup plan for these situations. Be sure to supply this information on your wedding invitations so guests will know where to go if there is a sudden change in plans or place people giving directions to the alternate site. On the same note, the day may be beautiful for the most part, and then a sudden storm may crop up. Where will you and your guests go? Are there any facilities nearby that you can use to continue with your wedding festivities?
Are there mosquitoes or sand fleas or seaweed at that time of year and how bad are on the beach area?
Some beaches smell bad during certain periods of the day or certain times of the year. Check to be sure that this is not the case during the time period that you've chosen.
How windy is it on that particular beach? Does it get a gentle breeze or fairly heavy winds? A breeze is nice to keep the bugs away and cool guests off…a steady wind can cause many problems, like sand in the teeth and eyes or billowing veils.
How will you serve your guests and what will be the set-up for? The ceremony, refreshments or a full course dinner/barbeque beach party? Are you thinking of setting up tables or just use picnic blankets on the sand? How will you keep sand and other debris out of your food? Will there be chairs set up at the ceremony for the guests? Who will you hire to do this? Who will you get to take everything down and clean up the beach after the wedding? Some couples love the "Blessing Shells" This involves giving each wedding guest a seashell after the ceremony. Everyone walks down to the water's edge, says a personal blessing or a prayer for the new couple, then each person tosses their shell into the ocean. Guests can be given sand dollars or starfish as wedding favors. A Hawaiian tradition is for the guests to place a lei around the bride or groom's neck.
There are things to remember when planning a beach wedding. Here are a few tips that are sure to help! First and most important of all is to purchase your marriage license before the day of the wedding!!! Keep it in a safe place until you can give it to the person officiating the ceremony. Tip number two--remember you are at the beach. Most beaches are public but when you are housed at a hotel, inn or cottage rental, they can offer a bit of privacy. There will be people watching and people are extremely curious about such things. A good beach wedding service will do all that they can to keep the public away. Also, flat shoes or no shoes is the best footwear for a beach wedding. Walking in the sand in high heels is not easy! Save the beautiful shoes for later at the reception! Brides, a classy swept up hairstyle is a must unless you want to fight with your hair from the breeze when it comes time to photographs.
Tip number three--try to schedule your wedding in the morning or in the late afternoon during the spring and summer months. The heat is too overwhelming and the beaches will be crowded with sunbathers during the middle of the day. Also, when you have your day picked out, consider looking at the Farmer's Almanac to see what your chance of rain might be.
Tip number four--resist the urge to feed the seagulls! Believe me, they can be very aggressive and have no manners! If you must have a photo with them flying all about you, then try to make it right before you leave the wedding. Their droppings can ruin a pretty dress or your hair.
Tip number five---relax and have fun. This is your special day and since you are on the beach, everything is a little more laid back. They'll remember it as a good time and certainly as something very memorable!.


A set of 3 concrete magnets featuring our iconic Tiki. These have been cast from a special mix of white concrete and have extremely strong magnets attached to the back, giving them the ability to hold multi pages.
Concrete has a tendency to show imperfections - I think this just adds to it's tactile charm.
Approx. 40x40mm at widest points.


In collaboration with MantaRay Media, MESA has developed a new website complete with accessible knowledge management tools.
On Monday 10 November Bill Gates will be making the case for aid to an audience made up of UK policy makers and leaders from British business, the media and scientific world – and you can be involved! Hosted by the Speaker of the House of Lords in the Queen's Robing Room, Bill Gates will celebrate Britain's historic role in international development, improving and saving the lives of millions. He will speak in particular about global immunisation, Ebola and his vision for eradicating the deadliest disease in human history – malaria.
On 6 November 2013, WHO/ PAHO honoured initiatives from three malaria-endemic countries with the 'Malaria Champions of the Americas Awards'. The Malaria Champions of the Americas awards were given to Colombia (Colombia Malaria Project), the Dominican Republic (National Center for Control of Tropical Diseases), and Brazil (Secretariat of Health of the State of Acre). The Malaria Champions of the Americas was launched in 2008 to identify, celebrate and inspire excellence in efforts to fight the disease.
Did you miss unmissable presentations at this year's ASTMH? Listen here!
The Malaria Consortium has published 'Moving towards malaria elimination: developing innovative tools for malaria surveillance in Cambodia' as part of their 'Learning Paper' series.
The paper describes the collaborative, systems approach to real-time malaria data for direct action. Including village malaria workers, a malaria information system, and referrals. See page 20 & 21 for challenges and 12 lessons learned.
New operational research projects in malaria elimination will start this April, after being selected for funding through MESA. The MESA operational research portfolio includes: proof-of-concept of novel vector control and diagnostic tools, use of mapping technologies for surveillance and tailored response, and mobile phone applications for hard to reach populations. Urban, rural and forest settings are addressed.


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FCC Head Slams Trump's Call To Revoke NBC License
The FCC commissioner has pushed back on President Donald Trump's suggestion that the agency revoke NBC's broadcast license in retaliation against unflattering news coverage of his administration. Several Democratic lawmakers and journalism groups have blasted the president's comments, asserting that he was infringing upon freedom of the press.
On Oct. 11, Trump took to social media to deny a news report that said he had wanted to increase the U.S. nuclear arsenal.
Trump told Pentagon officials that he wanted a tenfold increase in nuclear weapons during a July 20 meeting at the Pentagon, NBC News reports. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson allegedly told officials after the meeting he believed Trump was a "moron."
"Pure fiction, made up to demean," Trump tweeted out in response to the story.
"With all of the Fake News coming out of NBC and the Networks, at what point is it appropriate to challenge their License?" the president added in a subsequent tweet. "Bad for country!"
FCC Commissioner Jessica Rosenworcel swiftly fired back against the president's suggestion.
"Not how it works," Rosenworcel tweeted out, adding a link to the FCC broadcast licensing guidelines.
NBC, which is owned by Comcast Corp., does not broadcast through a FCC license, but through roughly 200 local stations that each have their own license. The FCC reviews local licenses every eight years, and it is up to residents in those areas to file a complaint to the agency.
Attorney Andrew Jay Schwartzman of Georgetown University Law Center noted it was extremely rare for the FCC to revoke any broadcast license due to political complaints.
"Whatever other legal problems [NBC parent] Comcast may have, this is not one of them," Schwartzman told CNN. "Comcast knows full well that the FCC will never, ever, deny its license renewal applications."
FCC Chairman Ajit Pai had not commented on Trump's latest social media remarks, but has previously stated that his job is to solely administer "the laws of the United States."
The National Association of Broadcasters President Gordon Smith blasted Trump's suggestion that NBC should have its broadcast license pulled, asserting that doing so would be an infringement on the First Amendment.
"It is contrary to this fundamental right for any government official to threaten the revocation of an FCC license simply because of a disagreement with the reporting of a journalist," Smith said in a statement, according to Bloomberg.
Several Democratic lawmakers took to social media to criticize Trump's remarks. Democratic Sen. Tom Udall of New Mexico tweeted out that the president's suggestion was "an abuse of power."
"At what point are we going to silence media critical of the President?" tweeted out Democratic Rep. Adam Schiff of California, according to CNN. "When we cease to have a First Amendment and a democratic government."
Sources: Bloomberg, CNN, Donald J. Trump/Twitter (2), Jessica Rosenworcel/Twitter, NBC News / Feature Image: Michael Vadon/Flickr / Embedded Images: FCC/Flickr (2)
FCCDonald TrumpNBCSocietypolitics
Trump Threatens To Pull NBC Off The Air (Photos)
GOP Senator: Is Trump 'Recanting' His Oath Of Office?
Trump Will Revoke Rules On Transgender Bathrooms
DNC Head To Trump: Don't Pardon Joe Arpaio
Trump's Two Supreme Court Finalists Head To D.C.
Trump Chooses Climate Skeptic To Head EPA
Trump Responds To Obama's Calling Him Unfit To Be POTUS
Trump Heading To Mar-a-Lago For Third Straight Weekend


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Short summary - Athalie
The action takes place in the kingdom of Judah, in the temple of Jerusalem. Joram, the seventh king of the Jews from the dynasty of David, married Athaliah, daughter of Ahab and Jezebel, who ruled the kingdom of Israel. Atholia, like her parents, is an idolater who persuaded her husband to build a temple to Baal in Jerusalem. Joram soon died of a terrible illness. Planning to exterminate the entire family of David, Athalia betrayed all of Joram's grandchildren to the executioners (his children had already died by that time). However, Jehoram's daughter from another wife, Josabeth, saved the last grandson and only heir of the kingdom of David, Joash, and hid it in the temple of her husband, the high priest Jehoiada. The boy does not know that he is the king of the Jews, and Jehoiada (or Yehuda) prepares him for accession to the kingdom, bringing him up in strictness and respect for the laws. Jehoiada is waiting for the moment to reveal the new king to the people, although he has few allies, for everyone is afraid of the wrath of Athalia, who demands universal worship of Baal. However, Jehoiada hopes for the mercy of God, he believes that in any case, the Lord will protect the king of the Jews, even if there are crowds of idolaters around with weapons in their hands. The high priest believes in a miracle and tries to convince everyone else of his faith - the commander Abner, the Levites, the people who do not yet know that the heir to the throne of David is hiding in the temple, under the name of Eliakim.
Once during the service, Athalia unexpectedly entered the temple and saw Eliakim, who was serving Jodai in white robes along with Jodai's son Zacharias. The appearance of an idolater is considered a desecration, and Jehoiada demanded that she leave the temple. However, Atholia noticed the boy and now wants to know who he is, for she had a dream in which her mother predicted her death, and then a boy appeared in white Levite clothes with a dagger, and in Eliakim she suddenly recognizes that boy. The apostate priest Matthan, who became a priest of Baal, says that the boy must be killed, since he is dangerous, because a dream is a heavenly sign, "whoever is suspected is guilty before the trial."
Gofolia wants to take a closer look at the boy, since the child cannot be hypocritical and will tell her who he is, what kind. When Joash is brought in, he replies that he is an orphan and the King of Heaven is taking care of him, that his parents abandoned him. The child's truthfulness and charm touched Gofolia. She invites him to live in her palace and believe in his God, and not in Baal. She has no heirs, the boy will be like her own son.
Later, Athaliah sends Matthan to Joseph to say that for the right to pray to his God in the temple, Jehoiada and the Levites must give her the foundling Eliakim. If they refuse, they will thereby confirm the suspicions and rumors that the child is from a noble family and is being raised for a hidden purpose. Josabeth passes on Matthan's words to Jehoiada and offers to run with the child into the wilderness. However, the high priest accuses her of cowardice and decides that it is time to act and it is no longer possible to hide Eliakim - he must appear in a royal dress and crown. The choir of virgins sings the glory of the Lord. This choir and the Levites are the only defense of the heir to the throne of David, there is no one else in the temple, but Jehoiada believes that the Lord will give such strength to this army that no one will break them.
In the temple, the ceremony of elevation to the kingdom is being prepared, Josabeth tries on the royal crown on Joash (Eliakim). He does not yet understand what the matter is, and believes that he will only help to perform the rite of Iodai, whom he honors as a father. Jehoiada asks if the boy is ready to follow David's example in life, and he replies that he is ready. Then Jehoiada kneels before him and proclaims that he is honoring his new king. Other priests also take an oath of allegiance to him.
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A Levite appears and announces that the temple is surrounded by troops. Jehoiada arranges people to protect the temple and turns to the chorus of the virgins to call on the Creator.
Zachariah, the son of Jehoiada, tells his sister Sulamite how the Levites were deployed to defend the temple. The priests prayed to his father to hide at least the ark of the covenant, but he answered them that this cowardice did not suit them, for the ark always helped to defeat the enemy.
The military leader Abner appears, whom Atholia released from prison to say that the priests will be spared if they give her Eliakim and the treasure that was once given by David to be kept in the temple. Abner advises to give Atholia all values and thus save the temple. He himself is ready to go to execution instead of Eliakim, if it will bring peace and quiet. The fate of the boy is in the hands of the Lord, and no one knows how the queen will behave - hasn't God already instilled pity in her heart? Abner asks Iodai to try to "delay the blow with concessions," and in the meantime he will take measures to save the temple and the priests. Jehoiada reveals to Abner the secret of Eliakim, He is ready to give the queen the treasures and tell her what kind of boy, when she enters the temple without her soldiers, Abner must persuade her to do this. Jehoiada instructs the Levite to close the gates of the temple, as soon as the queen is inside, to cut off her way back, and all the other priests will call the people to the rescue. The armed Levites and the king will be hidden behind the curtains for the time being.
Athalia appears and, calling Yodai a rebel, says that she could destroy him and the temple, but by agreement she is ready to take only the treasure and the boy. Jehoiada is ready to show them to her. The curtains are parted, and Jehoiada calls the king of the Jews to appear. Joash and the armed Levites come out. Atholia is terrified, and Jehoiada tells her that the Lord himself has cut off her escape route. Ismail, the chief over the priests, enters and reports that the hired soldiers of Atholia are fleeing - the Lord has instilled fear in their hearts, the people rejoice when they learn that a new king has come to take the throne. Baal is thrown into the dust, and the priest Matthan is killed. Atholia recognizes Joash by the scar from the blow of her knife when he was still a baby. Atholia is ready for death, but in the end she predicts that the hour will come when Joash, like her, will turn away from his God and, having desecrated his altar, will avenge her. Joash is terrified and says that it is better for him to die than to become apostate. Jehoiada reminds the king of the Jews that there is God in heaven - the judge for the earthly kings and the "parent of orphans".


This weekend on State of Belief, a look at race and religion in the 2008 election.
John Green, Senior Fellow in Religion and American Politics at the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life, joins Welton to discuss recent trends in voter attitudes on race and religion, from the so-called Bradley effect to the small part of the electorate that still believes Barack Obama is a Muslim.
Plus, two prominent African – American clergy members share their own perspective on the election with stories from their own congregations and reflections on the larger divisions in American society. Reverend Raphael Warnock is Senior Pastor of Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia and Bishop Tonyia Rawls is founding pastor of the Unity Fellowship Church Movement in Charlotte, North Carolina.
And Princeton professor Cornel West speaks with Welton about race and democracy. His new book is called Hope on A Tightrope.


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Home > Updated tropospheric chemistry reanalysis and emission estimates, TCR-2, for...
Updated tropospheric chemistry reanalysis and emission estimates, TCR-2, for...
Miyazaki, K., K. Bowman, T. Sekiya, H. Eskes, F. Boersma, H. Worden, N. Livesey, V. Payne, K. Sudo, Y. Kanaya, M. Takigawa, and K. Ogochi (2020), Updated tropospheric chemistry reanalysis and emission estimates, TCR-2, for 2005–2018, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 2223-2259, doi:10.5194/essd-12-2223-2020.
This study presents the results from the Tropospheric Chemistry Reanalysis version 2 (TCR-2) for the period 2005–2018 at 1.1◦ horizontal resolution obtained from the assimilation of multiple updated satellite measurements of ozone, CO, NO2 , HNO3 , and SO2 from the OMI, SCIAMACHY, GOME-2, TES, MLS, and MOPITT satellite instruments. The reanalysis calculation was conducted using a global chemical transport model MIROC-CHASER and an ensemble Kalman filter technique that optimizes both chemical concentrations of various species and emissions of several precursors, which was efficient for the correction of the entire tropospheric profile of various species and its year-to-year variations. Comparisons against independent aircraft, satellite, and ozonesonde observations demonstrate the quality of the reanalysis fields for numerous key species on regional and global scales, as well as for seasonal, yearly, and decadal scales, from the surface to the lower stratosphere. The multi-constituent data assimilation brought the model vertical profiles and interhemispheric gradient of OH closer to observational estimates, which was important in improving the description of the oxidation capacity of the atmosphere and thus vertical profiles of various species. The evaluation results demonstrate the capability of the chemical reanalysis to improve understanding of the processes controlling variations in atmospheric composition, including long-term changes in near-surface air quality and emissions. The estimated emissions can be employed for the elucidation of detailed distributions of the anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of co-emitted species (NOx , CO, SO2 ) in all major regions, as well as their seasonal and decadal variabilities. The
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(1) Left rear support. Use four bolts for attaching to the engine and use one bolt for attachment to the frame assembly (2).
(3) Junction box. For more information please refer to Junction Box in this publication.
(4) Right rear support. Use four bolts for attaching to the engine and use one bolt for attachment to the frame assembly (2).
NOTE: Dimensioned illustrations of the engine supports have been provided. Refer to Fabrication Drawings in this publication.


text:
Home › Staff Picks Gift Guide › A Girlhood: Letter to My Transgender Daughter
A Girlhood: Letter to My Transgender Daughter
by Carolyn Hays
9/13/2022, hardcover
A parent's love letter to a daughter who has always known exactly who she is.
One ordinary day, a caseworker from the Department of Children and Families knocked on the Hays family's door to investigate an anonymous complaint about the upbringing of their transgender child. It was this knock, this threat, that began the family's journey out of the Bible Belt but never far from the hate and fear resting at the nation's core.
Self-aware and intimate, A Girlhood asks us all to love better, not just for the sake of Hays's child but for children everywhere enduring injustice and prejudice just as they begin to understand themselves. A Girlhood is a call to action, an ode to community, a plea for empathy, a hope for a better future. A Girlhood is a love letter to a child who has always known exactly who she is--and who is waiting for the rest of the world to catch up.
"Touching, combative, compelling... this memoir begins with the suspense of a thriller and ends with... hope." -- Vogue [Italian edition]
"Hays here presents a different view of God--as a being of pure love that would never consider her daughter a mistake, but instead, a gift." -- Nylah Burton for Oprah Daily
"An incredibly poignant and timely story for trans families everywhere. I wish my parents had access to these words, stories, and beautiful thoughts while raising me." --Tommy Dorfman, actress, writer, director
"Carolyn Hays's memoir is searing, haunting, and inspiring. It's a story that asks us to consider what we would do if the simple act of loving our own child threatened to cost us everything. In prose memorable for its gentleness and wisdom, Hays's story is about more than the transgender question: it's about ignorance and wisdom; hatred and love; men, women, and children. In the end, A Girlhood is about all of us." -- Jennifer Finney Boylan, author of She's Not There and Good Boy
"A Girlhood is a transfixing odyssey of a mother stewarding a preternaturally wise child, and an American family circling to protect that child.... I saw facets of my own trans identity I'd never pondered, questions about the construction of self I'd never even thought to pose. At one point Hays says, 'I want you to build a full rich library of your girlhood -- not the story of someone you had to pretend to be.' The radical positivity of that sentiment put me in tears... A Girlhood is... an act of epic compassion." -- Diana Goetsch, author of This Body I Wore
"Poignant... [a] clear-eyed, love-filled tale." -- Booklist
Carolyn Hays is an award-winning, critically acclaimed, bestselling author who has chosen to publish to A Girlhood: Letter to My Transgender Daughter under a pen name to protect the privacy of her family. Her novels have been published by Hachette, Simon and Schuster, and HarperCollins; her books are also widely translated. A Girlhood will have four overseas editions, including those by Picador UK and Flammarion in France. Her past books have been listed as New York Times Notable Books of the Year and Kirkus's Best Fiction of the Year, and she's written for National Public Radio and the Washington Post.


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9.2 Introduction to Regulation of Pesticides and Fertilisers
Pesticides and fertilisers are usually sprayed on to weeds or crops and can be a source of chemical pollution. Spraying may be done from the ground or from the air (called aerial spraying).
Commonwealth laws regulate agricultural and veterinary products (including pesticides) up to the point of retail sale under the:
Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Code Act 1994
Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Administration Act 1994 and
Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals Act 1994.
Northern Territory laws regulate agricultural and veterinary products (including pesticides) after the point of retail sale. Northern Territory laws also regulate fertilisers. The laws which control the possession, storage, use and application of chemical products and also the manufacture, sale and use of fertilisers are the:
Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act and
Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Regulations
The Northern Territory Poisons and Dangerous Drugs Act and Poisons and Dangerous Drugs Regulations also set out a licensing regime for possessing, using and supplying pesticides.
What are pesticides?
Pesticides are substances or organisms used to prevent or kill pests, such as insects or weeds. There are many different types of pesticides, including herbicides, insecticides and fungicides, amongst others.
Under the Poisons and Dangerous Drugs Act and Poisons and Dangerous Drugs Regulations a pesticide means a substance or organism manufactured or supplied for:
killing, destroying, attracting, repelling, stupefying, inhibiting the feeding of, directly or indirectly controlling the activity or preventing the infestation or attacks of, insects, pests, vermin or other troublesome or destructive forms of animal life;
killing, destroying or deleteriously affecting the growth or development of any form of plant life or seeds, fruit, foliage or other part of any form of plant life; or
killing, destroying or preventing the attacks of fungi and other parasitic plants, nematodes, bacteria and viruses that affect or which may affect any form of plant life.
Pesticides are a type of agricultural chemical product for the purposes of the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act. An agricultural chemical product is a substance or mixture of substances that:
destroy, stupefy, repel, inhibit the feeding of, or prevent infestation by or attacks of, any pest of any plant, place or thing;
destroy a plant;
modify the physiology of a plant or pest so as to alter its natural development, productivity, quality or reproductive capacity;
modify the effect of another agricultural chemical product; or
attract a pest to destroy it.
What are fertilisers?
Fertilisers are chemical substances used to provide nutrients to plants. Under the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act a fertiliser is a substance that is manufactured, represented, supplied or used as a means of directly or indirectly:
(a) fertilising the soil;
(b) supplying nutrients to plants; or
(c) conditioning the soil by altering the chemical, physical or biological composition of the soil.
Environmental hazards linked to the use of fertilisers include:
groundwater pollution caused by nitrates in fertiliser
eutrophication – the enrichment of water by the addition of nutrients, which can cause algal blooms; and
soil acidification.
Who regulates pesticides and fertilisers?
The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (called APVMA) is the Commonwealth regulator responsible for administering the laws on the import, manufacture, registration, packaging, labeling, distribution and retail sale of pesticides in Australia.
In the Northern Territory, the Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries is the regulator responsible for administering Northern Territory laws on agricultural chemicals and fertilisers.
What pesticide and chemicals laws protect the environment?
The Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act imposes a number of obligations on people who use chemical products and fertilisers. Chemical products include agricultural chemicals such as pesticides and veterinary chemicals.
A person who uses a chemical product or fertiliser must take reasonable and practicable measures to make sure that they do not harm the environment or the health of the general public or an animal. Harm to the environment includes harm to land, air, water, organisms and ecosystems. Environment includes the well being of humans, the amenity values of an area, structures made or modified by humans, and economic, cultural and social conditions. The penalty for breach of the general duty to avoid harm is a fine of 500 penalty units for a person or 2,500 penalty units for a corporation. For more information on penalties, see Fact Sheet on Penalties.
A person must use an agricultural chemical (including a pesticide) in compliance with the instructions on the label.12 The only exceptions13 for a person to use chemicals in a different way to the label instructions are when a person uses the chemicals:
at a concentration that is lower than the concentration specified in the instructions;
at a rate of application that is lower than the rate of application specified in the instructions;
less frequently than is specified in the instructions;
to control a pest not specified in the instructions;
by mixing the product with another substance; or
by applying the product using a method not specified in the instructions.
The penalty for using pesticides contrary to the label instructions is 200 penalty points for a person, or 1,000 penalty points for a corporation.
Restricted and Schedule 7 chemicals
The Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority can declare certain chemical products to be "restricted chemical products" if special training or other requirements are needed to be able to handle or use the chemical. Restricted chemical products can only be used by authorised people. The Commonwealth may also designate certain chemicals as Schedule 7 chemicals under the Standard for the Uniform Scheduling of Drugs and Poisons. Schedule 7 chemicals are substances with a high potential for causing harm at low exposure and which require special precautions in manufacture handling or use.
People may only possess restricted chemical products in the Northern Territory if they are authorised by the Chemicals Coordinator of the Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries or have a permit issued by the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority to use the chemical product. A person must only use a restricted chemical in accordance with the label instructions. People may only possess Schedule 7 chemicals if they are authorised by the Chemicals Coordinator or authorised to use the chemicals.
Spraying of agricultural chemicals
Businesses that conduct ground spraying or aerial spraying of agricultural chemicals (except those licensed under the Poisons and Dangerous Drugs Act) must be licensed. In addition, applicators used for ground spraying must be licensed20 and pilots that carry out aerial spraying must be licensed. Licences are issued by the Chemicals Coordinator of the Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries. Licences are valid for up to five years and may be renewed. There is no opportunity provided by the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act for members of the public to comment or object to the issue of spraying licences.
A licensed ground or aerial spraying business must keep records of each occasion that spraying is carried out. These records must be kept for two years. The information required in the records is listed in Regulation 11 of the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Regulations.
It is an offence under the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act to carry out spraying which injuriously affects plants or livestock with a commercial value outside the target spraying area.24 A person who breaches this law is liable to a penalty fine of 200 penalty units. A corporation who breaches this law is liable to a penalty fine of 1,000 penalty units.
There is no legal requirement under Northern Territory legislation to notify neighbours before spraying takes place.
Chemical control areas
Under the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act the Minister for Primary Industry and Fisheries can declare Chemical Control Areas. These are areas in which certain chemical products may be prohibited or imposed. Before declaring a chemical control area, the Minister must publish notice of the proposal in a newspaper and provide a copy of the proposal to owners and occupiers of land in or adjacent to the proposed Chemical Control Area. Members of the public may submit comments on the proposals within the time stated on the notice.
Licensing of pest control operators
The Poisons and Dangerous Drugs Act and Poisons and Dangerous Drugs Regulations require domestic and commercial pesticide users to be licensed as pest control operators. Licences are regulated by the Northern Territory Department of Health. The Department of Health may authorise domestic and commercial pest control operators to use certain Schedule 7 chemical products by issuing a pest control licence.
Pest control operator licences are valid for 12 months and may be renewed for a further 12 month period on application to the Chief Health Officer. There is no process provided by the Poisons and Dangerous Drugs Act for the public to comment or object to the issue of a pest control operator licence.
The Northern Territory Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries is responsible for regulating the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act. Breaches of the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act are offences punishable by fines set by reference to penalty units. For more information, read our Fact Sheet on Penalties.
The Department may prosecute a breach of the Act or may issue an infringement notice.31 An infringement notice is a penalty notice issued for a reduced fine to that which would apply under the Act.
The Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act does not limit who may bring a prosecution for a breach of the Act.
If the court finds a person guilty of an offence against the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act, the court may impose penalties additional to the penalty for the offence. The court may do impose additional penalties if the offence resulted in harm to the environment or injury, loss or damage to another person or to another person's property. The additional penalties that the court may order are that the person must:
pay to the Territory the reasonable expenses of taking action to remedy or mitigate the harm to the environment or to prevent further harm to the environment; or
pay to another person compensation for any injury, loss or damage to the other person, the other person's property or for costs in taking action to mitigate or prevent the injury, loss or damage.
The court may also make any other orders necessary or convenient for the enforcement of any order made.
Under the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act, if a corporation commits an offence the directors and officers of the body corporate involved in the management of the body corporate are also liable for the offence. A director or officer may be prosecuted and found guilty of an offence whether or not the body corporate has been prosecuted for or found guilty of the offence.
The Northern Territory Department of Health is responsible for regulating the Poisons and Dangerous Drugs Act. The Act does not limit who may bring prosecutions for breaches of the Act.
What the community can do
There are several options to take action if you are concerned about environmental harm from agricultural pesticides or fertilisers. These options are:
Complain to the Chemicals Coordinator of the Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries – If you wish to complain about the use by another person of a chemical product or fertiliser (for example you suspect non-compliance with the law) you can make a complaint to the Chemicals Coordinator. As soon as possible after receiving a complaint, the Chemicals Coordinator must acknowledge in writing receipt of the complaint and advise the complainant of the steps being taken to investigate the complaint and when the investigation is likely to be completed.36 The Chemicals Coordinator must investigate the complaint. As soon as practicable after receiving a report of the results of an investigation, the Chemicals Coordinator must advise you of the outcome of the investigation. The Department of Resources may take enforcement action in the event of a breach of the Agricultural and Veterinary Chemicals (Control of Use) Act.
Report spray drift or activities that might cause pollution or harm to the environment to the Pollution Hotline run by the Northern Territory Department of Natural Resources, Environment, The Arts and Sport.
Report a complaint to the Department of Primary Industry and Fisheries if agricultural produce or livestock with a commercial value has been affected by spraying.
If you have suffered personal injury as a result of pesticides or other agricultural chemicals, you should seek immediate legal advice from a personal injury lawyer.
If you have suffered damage to your property you may have legal options under the common law of private nuisance, negligence or trespass. For more information, read our Fact sheet on Nuisance, negligence and trespass.


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Als Steppe (von  step) werden semiaride (bis semihumide), nahezu baumlose Gras- oder Buschlandschaften der trockenen gemäßigten Breiten beiderseits des Äquators bezeichnet, deren Jahresniederschlagssummen vorwiegend zwischen 250 bis 500mm liegen. Damit reicht das Wasserangebot für Bäume nicht aus, sie würden im Sommer vertrocknen. Fünf bis über sieben Monate herrschen monatliche Mitteltemperaturen von über 10 °C. Die Jahresmitteltemperaturen liegen zwischen 4 und 12 °C, da jedoch die Feuchteverhältnisse der bestimmende Faktor ist, kommen Steppen auch in wesentlich kälteren und wesentlich wärmeren Gebieten vor. Die Vegetationsdecke ist in der Regel geschlossen.

Typische Merkmale sind kontinentales Klima mit Winterkälte und sommerlicher Trockenheit, feinerdige Böden (oft Löss) und einförmiger, niedriger Bewuchs.

Definition
Die Steppen im engeren Sinne sind die reinen Grassteppen, die vorwiegend nur von azonalen Galeriewäldern entlang von Flüssen unterbrochen werden. Sie können nach den vorherrschenden Klimafaktoren und der Artenzusammensetzung nochmals unterteilt werden (Ein idealtypisches Beispiel dieser Abfolge sind die Prärien Nordamerikas):
 Langgrassteppe oder Feuchtsteppe: 5–8 trockene Monate, Gräser über 50cm bis über 2m hoch, viele Kräuter
 Mischgrassteppe: 6–9 trockene Monate, ausgeprägte Schichtung von mittelhohen und kurzen Grasarten
 Kurzgrassteppe oder Trockensteppe: 7–10 trockene Monate, Gräser unter 50cm bis 20cm hoch, häufig Horste bildend
Auf der Südhalbkugel werden viele Grassteppen fast ausschließlich von horstbildenden Tussock-Gräsern gebildet.

Im weiteren Sinne werden auch baumfreie Buschlandschaften – Strauchformationen, denen Gräser beigemischt sind –, die oft zu den trockenen Subtropen überleiten, zu den Steppen gerechnet. Sie bilden je nach den dominanten Arten Strauchsteppen oder Dornsteppen und unterliegen 8–11 trockenen Monaten. Die Vegetationsbedeckung liegt hier häufig unter 100% und ist lückenhaft, jedoch insgesamt immer noch über 50%. Dominant sind häufig Zwergsträucher, Therophyten (kurzlebige Stauden) und Hemikryptophyten (etwa niederliegende oder kriechende krautige Pflanzen).

Die seltener genannten Wüstensteppen werden häufig bereits den Halbwüsten zugerechnet. Der Bedeckungsgrad liegt unter 50%, der Unterschied liegt lediglich in der Dominanz der Gräser.

Sind mehr als vereinzelte Baumgruppen oder größere Waldinseln vorhanden spricht man von Waldsteppe, dem Übergangslebensraum zu Waldgebieten. Häufig bestehen die Waldinseln aus Eichen, Kiefern, Birken oder Pappeln, zwischen denen staudenreiche Wiesensteppen liegen.

Extrazonale Steppen der alpinen Höhenstufen sind die Hochlandsteppen: Die Puna der Anden und anderer tropischer Gebirge sowie die subtropischen Hochgebirgssteppen (etwa im Hochland von Tibet, die an die Mammutsteppen der letzten Kaltzeit erinnern). Die floristisch und klimatisch vergleichbaren alpinen Matten der gemäßigten Hochgebirge werden hingegen nicht zu den Steppen gezählt.

Als "Kältesteppe" wird bisweilen ein anderer Landschaftstyp bezeichnet, die Tundra.

Waldsteppe
Am Übergang der Steppenregion zur Laubwaldzone gibt es eine als Waldsteppe bezeichnete Zone, in der die Grassteppe in Gewässernähe und auf durchlässigen Böden von Waldinseln durchsetzt ist. (Bei den in älterer Literatur manchmal als "Waldsteppe" bezeichneten tropischen Vegetationsformen handelt es sich dagegen um Savannen.)

Typen
Nach den Gründen ihrer Entstehung kann man Steppen folgendermaßen einteilen:
 Primärsteppe: Dieser Typ ist klimatisch bedingt und entsteht dort, wo ein trockenes Großklima mit Niederschlägen unter 250 Millimetern pro Jahr herrscht. Die Böden, auf denen sie entstehen, können durchaus tiefgründig und nährstoffreich sein und ein hervorragendes Ackerland abgeben, sofern sie künstlich bewässert werden. So werden die ehemaligen primären Steppen in der Ukraine, welche über Tschernosemen bestehen, heute oft als landwirtschaftliche Fläche genützt.
 Sekundärsteppe: Diese entstanden auf waldfähigen Standorten durch menschliche Rodung und Nutzung als Weidefläche für die Nutztiere des Menschen und daraus folgender Versteppung. Ein Beispiel sind Teilgebiete der Puszta, welche von Natur aus bewaldet wären, in einigen Regionen war die Puszta aber auch primär Waldsteppe und Steppe.
 Substratsteppen bestehen dort, wo der Boden keine hohe Vegetation zulässt:
 Felssteppen gibt es dort, wo das Gestein bis knapp unter oder bis an die Oberfläche reicht.
 Serpentinvegetation entsteht über ultrabasischen Gesteinen, die vermutlich durch die Aussonderung giftiger Schwermetalle das Pflanzenwachstum hemmen.
 Schottersteppen entstehen über Schotteranlagerungen.
 Lösssteppen bestehen über Löss, einem Sediment, das während der Kaltzeiten vom Wind verfrachtet und abgelagert wurde.
 Sandsteppen entstehen über Sandböden.
 Salzsteppen bilden sich über salzhaltigen Böden. Dabei kann es sich um Natriumchlorid handeln, aber auch um andere Salze wie Natriumsulfat.

Zu den Steppen der gemäßigten Zone gehören:
 die Eurasische Steppe, die sich vom Burgenland über die Puszta in Ungarn und Bărăgan in Rumänien bis in die östliche Mongolei erstreckt.
 Teile der Halbwüste Gobi
 die Prärien und Great Plains in Nordamerika
 die Pampa und Teile Patagoniens in Südamerika
 Teilgebiete des Outbacks in Australien
 die High Country auf Neuseeland
 das Veld in Südafrika

Merkmale der Steppe
Eine Steppe ist eine offene, semiaride, baumlose Graslandschaft der gemäßigten Zone. Der Pflanzenbewuchs wird durch Wassermangel begrenzt. In Eurasien liegen die Steppen im Inneren des Kontinents in großer Entfernung von den Ozeanen, dort wo die Jahresniederschlagsmenge stark eingeschränkt ist (Kontinentalität). Die Steppengebiete in Nord- und Südamerika entstehen durch die Leelage der Gebiete. Durch die jahreszeitliche Verteilung der Niederschläge wird die Vegetationszeit oft durch Sommertrockenheit bzw. Winterkälte unterbrochen. Die Vegetationsphasen liegen nur im Frühjahr und im Herbst.

Die zonalen Böden der Steppen sind die äußerst fruchtbaren Humusakkumulationsböden mit tiefgründigem, humusreichem Oberboden. In Deutschland werden diese als Schwarzerde bezeichnet.

Wie Wissenschaftler der Universität Lund feststellten, haben die Steppen und Savannen der Erde neben den tropischen Regenwäldern eine große Bedeutung als Kohlenstoffsenken und damit für das globale Klima. Rund ein Drittel der anthropogenen Kohlendioxidemissionen werden von den Grasländern aufgenommen.

Flora

Die prägenden Pflanzengesellschaften der (Gras-)Steppe bestehen aus Gräsern. Man findet daneben vor allem Moose und Flechten, aber auch niedrigere Sträucher wie die Heidekrautgewächse und vereinzelte Waldinseln in günstigen Lagen. Ursprünglich waren die meisten Getreidepflanzen Steppenbewohner.

Obwohl in der Steppe in den Sommermonaten die meisten Niederschläge fallen, steht den Pflanzen in den übrigen Jahreszeiten mehr Wasser zur Verfügung. Dies hängt damit zusammen, dass im Sommer die Verdunstung sehr groß ist. Doch das erklärt noch nicht vollständig das Ausmaß dieser Graslandschaften in Klimaten, die potentiell von Wald bestanden wären: Möglicherweise spielt dabei Feuer eine wichtige Rolle – bereits seit vorgeschichtlicher Zeit absichtlich von Menschen gelegt oder durch Blitzschlag verursacht. Dies betrifft vor allem Waldsteppen (etwa in Ungarn). Ebenso wird die Megaherbivorenhypothese als Ursache diskutiert (etwa im Übergangsbereich zwischen Wäldern und Prärien Nordamerikas durch den Einfluss der großen weidenden Bisonherden).

Fauna
Für Steppen typische Tierarten sind z. B.
 die Saiga (eine Antilopenart), Wildesel-Arten und kleine Restbestände des Przewalski-Pferdes in Zentralasien. Das Przewalski-Pferd steht heute an Stelle des Wildpferdes, das früher ein Charaktertier der Altwelt-Steppen war,
 der Gabelbock und der Präriebison in den nordamerikanischen Plains, sowie heute auch der Mustang, der von verwilderten europäischen Hauspferden abstammt,
 die Stammform des Lamas, das Guanako (Lama guanicoe) in der "patagonischen Pampa" Südamerikas.
Ebenfalls finden sich in allen Steppen häufig Nagetiere, die in großen unterirdischen Kolonien wohnen, z. B. die Präriehunde in Nordamerika, Steppenmurmeltiere und diverse Zieselarten in Asien, Kammrattenarten in Südamerikas Steppen und Viscacha-Chinchillas in der steppenähnlichen Pampa.

Landwirtschaft
In der Steppe der gemäßigten Zone wird auf fruchtbaren Böden wie Phaeozemen oder Chernozemen Landwirtschaft betrieben, zumeist als Bewässerungsfeldwirtschaft. Wegen der kurzen Vegetationszeit werden überwiegend Mais und Weizen angebaut. Große Teile der Weltweizenproduktion stammen aus den Steppen Nordamerikas und Eurasiens. Je arider das Klima der Steppe wird, desto unsicherer werden die Erträge.

Wo die Wasserverhältnisse nur eine extensive Landwirtschaft zulassen, dominiert die mobile Tierhaltung. Nutztiere sind z. B. Büffel, Rind, Pferd, Schaf, Ziege, Kamel und Yak. Zudem findet sich in einigen Bereichen der eurasischen Steppe noch traditionell nomadische Viehzucht.

Siehe auch
 Steppensee
 Desertifikation (fortschreitende Wüstenbildung)

Literatur
 Hänsel, Bernhard: Die Steppe und das Karpatenbecken im Spannungsfeld zwischen nomadischen und seßhaften Lebensformen, in: Das Karpatenbecken und die osteuropäische Steppe. Prähist. Arch. Südosteuropa 12, 1998, 7–18.
 Hänsel, Bernhard: Die Steppe und der südosteuropäische Subkontinent. Nomadeneinfälle und Transhumanz, in: Civilisation Grèque et Cultures Antiques Péripheriques – Hommage à P. Alexandrescu (Bukarest 2000) 31–43.

Weblinks

 deutschlandfunk.de, Dossier, 17. Juni 2016, Tom Lessokallow: Das Ende der Nomaden oder die Entstehung einer Öko-Katastrophe
 payer.de: Materialien zur Forstwissenschaft. ... 7. ZB VII: Winterkalte Steppen, Halbwüsten und Wüsten

Einzelnachweise

Landschaftstyp

Klimageographie
Geobotanik

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia