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Ethical Issues & Management
ETHICAL ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT PAPER Ethical Issues and Management Paper Jamie Culley University of Phoenix Online Campus Ethical Issues and Management Paper Introduction. The responsibilities of a manager go far beyond supervision. In fact, managers are forced to make important decisions every day that affect the company, their employees, and possibly the public depending on the circumstance. Managers take part in hiring, performance, evaluation, discipline, and termination. They are also involved in any circumstance that pertains to harassment and diversity, and they must make a conscious effort to set a good example for their employees. The following paper will focus primarily on discipline; describe the moral and ethical issues faced by managers dealing with discipline; include how the issue affects other individuals; explain how relationships between social issues and ethically responsible management practices apply to discipline; provide a workplace example of an ethical dilemma involving discipline; and discuss any laws governing the manager who provided the discipline in such an ethical dilemma. Discipline Describe the moral and ethical issues faced by managers dealing with your selected topic. Include how the issue affects other individuals. In the case of discipline, managers must know how to appropriately discipline their employees. Managers must ensure equality amongst employees in regard to discipline so as to obey the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines, which â€Å"specify that all employees in an organization must receive consistent discipline for similar infractions† (Trevino & Nelson, 2007, p. 159). Managers must also ensure equality amongst employees in regard to discipline because it is the ethical thing to do. For instance, consider that a certain man has been working for a company for 20 years and he gets aught misusing corporate resources. In this scenario, a manager might be tempted to give him a warning or even write him up for his actions because of his loyalty to the company. Now consider that a certain man has been working for the same company for two years and he also gets caught misusing corporate resources. Yet, in this scenario the manager terminates him for his actions. The U. S. Sentencing Guideli nes seek to ensure that both employees are given the same measure of discipline, which is also the ethical thing to do on the manager's behalf. Furthermore, â€Å"hiring, performance evaluation, discipline, and terminations can be ethical issues because they all involve honesty, fairness, and the dignity of the individual† (Trevino & Nelson, 2007, p. 162, 163). If values such as honesty, dignity, and fairness are acknowledged in circumstances involving discipline, then managers and their companies should have no real concern for negative, public exposure. There are effective ways that managers can go about disciplining employees for their actions. These ways should involve disciplining employees in a constructive and professional manner. Discipline should generally be done in private, allow input from the employee, and it should be consistent with the way past employees have been treated for similar actions or behaviors (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). Discipline affects other individuals such as the affected employee's family members, co-workers, and the general public. When an employee is disciplined in the appropriate manner, a message is sent to the rest of the company's employees. This message communicates that certain measures will be taken to address and rid the company of inappropriate behaviors and actions. As a result, employees will know to be more conscious of their behaviors and actions to ensure that they are not disciplined for the same reasons. If discipline has been taken to the extreme and an employee has been terminated from a company, the family of that employee will be greatly affected. What if that employee is not eligible for unemployment? This could trigger a huge financial burden for the entire family. Finally, the public is very much affected when an employee endures termination as their disciplinary measure. As a result of a termination an employment opportunity opens up for the public to apply for. This could mean that the man or woman who has been searching for a job to provide for their family will be employed and now able to fulfill the needs of his or her family. The economy is affected in various ways as people are terminated from their employed positions (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). Explain how the relationship between social issues and ethically responsible management practices apply to your topic. Social issues and how they relate to ethically responsible management practices need to be considered when disciplinary action is involved between management and employees. Managers need to research why an employee is exuding behaviors such as tardiness, harassment, misuse of corporate resources, and discrimination. For example, a newly hired employee named Judy has been consistently late for her first month of employment. Her manager should address her behavior privately, and ask her why she is often late for work. The case could be that Judy is a single mom of three children who attend a private school on the other side of the city where no bus route has been established. In this case, her manager should find out if flexible work hours can become more available to all employees on the team and go from there. Another social issue could be that Joe, a long-time employee, is going through a divorce, which is costing him a fortune. As a result, Joe cannot afford his car payments and is now without reliable transportation to and from work. Joe's financial status is communicating poverty. Over time, Joe is not only tardy to work because of his transportation issues, but his clothes are looking ragged and he is in no position to meet with clients. Joe's work performance is now failing because of his financial situation. In this case, disciplinary action needs to be carefully considered and documented when dealing with Joe's poor work performance. It is important to document the disciplinary action taken so that the same discipline can be directed at a future situation to ensure equality (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). Provide a workplace example of an ethical dilemma involving your topic. Did any laws govern the manager's actions? A workplace dilemma involving discipline could involve an employee who is being harassed because of her sexual preference, and as a result she is harassing people in retaliation by directing hateful comments toward fellow co-workers. In this scenario, several people's behaviors need to be addressed: the employees initially harassing the woman because of her sexual preference, and the woman being harassed who is retaliating. Laws do govern the manager's actions, especially if the manager ignores the issue at hand. Managers are now being held responsible for their employees' actions if inappropriate behaviors are not dealt with and knowingly ignored. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which is linked with the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission is in place to ensure discrimination is eliminated from the work place and dealt with appropriately (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). Conclusion. In summary, employees are held accountable to their managers and managers to their employees. Managers are held accountable to their employees because it is their responsibility to make ethical decisions and abide by laws that govern their decision-making. Managers must strive to practice honesty, dignity, and fairness in their workplace as pertains to disciplining employees. They should also discipline employees the ethical way by holding a private meeting, being constructive, professional, allowing the employee's input, and in consistency with past disciplinary action. Social issues that pertain to the work place involve family issues, personal issues, diversity, and much more (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). References: Trevino, L. , & Nelson, K. (2007). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (4th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Ethical Issues & Management ETHICAL ISSUES AND MANAGEMENT PAPER Ethical Issues and Management Paper Jamie Culley University of Phoenix Online Campus Ethical Issues and Management Paper Introduction. The responsibilities of a manager go far beyond supervision. In fact, managers are forced to make important decisions every day that affect the company, their employees, and possibly the public depending on the circumstance. Managers take part in hiring, performance, evaluation, discipline, and termination. They are also involved in any circumstance that pertains to harassment and diversity, and they must make a conscious effort to set a good example for their employees. The following paper will focus primarily on discipline; describe the moral and ethical issues faced by managers dealing with discipline; include how the issue affects other individuals; explain how relationships between social issues and ethically responsible management practices apply to discipline; provide a workplace example of an ethical dilemma involving discipline; and discuss any laws governing the manager who provided the discipline in such an ethical dilemma. Discipline Describe the moral and ethical issues faced by managers dealing with your selected topic. Include how the issue affects other individuals. In the case of discipline, managers must know how to appropriately discipline their employees. Managers must ensure equality amongst employees in regard to discipline so as to obey the U. S. Sentencing Guidelines, which â€Å"specify that all employees in an organization must receive consistent discipline for similar infractions† (Trevino & Nelson, 2007, p. 159). Managers must also ensure equality amongst employees in regard to discipline because it is the ethical thing to do. For instance, consider that a certain man has been working for a company for 20 years and he gets aught misusing corporate resources. In this scenario, a manager might be tempted to give him a warning or even write him up for his actions because of his loyalty to the company. Now consider that a certain man has been working for the same company for two years and he also gets caught misusing corporate resources. Yet, in this scenario the manager terminates him for his actions. The U. S. Sentencing Guideli nes seek to ensure that both employees are given the same measure of discipline, which is also the ethical thing to do on the manager's behalf. Furthermore, â€Å"hiring, performance evaluation, discipline, and terminations can be ethical issues because they all involve honesty, fairness, and the dignity of the individual† (Trevino & Nelson, 2007, p. 162, 163). If values such as honesty, dignity, and fairness are acknowledged in circumstances involving discipline, then managers and their companies should have no real concern for negative, public exposure. There are effective ways that managers can go about disciplining employees for their actions. These ways should involve disciplining employees in a constructive and professional manner. Discipline should generally be done in private, allow input from the employee, and it should be consistent with the way past employees have been treated for similar actions or behaviors (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). Discipline affects other individuals such as the affected employee's family members, co-workers, and the general public. When an employee is disciplined in the appropriate manner, a message is sent to the rest of the company's employees. This message communicates that certain measures will be taken to address and rid the company of inappropriate behaviors and actions. As a result, employees will know to be more conscious of their behaviors and actions to ensure that they are not disciplined for the same reasons. If discipline has been taken to the extreme and an employee has been terminated from a company, the family of that employee will be greatly affected. What if that employee is not eligible for unemployment? This could trigger a huge financial burden for the entire family. Finally, the public is very much affected when an employee endures termination as their disciplinary measure. As a result of a termination an employment opportunity opens up for the public to apply for. This could mean that the man or woman who has been searching for a job to provide for their family will be employed and now able to fulfill the needs of his or her family. The economy is affected in various ways as people are terminated from their employed positions (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). Explain how the relationship between social issues and ethically responsible management practices apply to your topic. Social issues and how they relate to ethically responsible management practices need to be considered when disciplinary action is involved between management and employees. Managers need to research why an employee is exuding behaviors such as tardiness, harassment, misuse of corporate resources, and discrimination. For example, a newly hired employee named Judy has been consistently late for her first month of employment. Her manager should address her behavior privately, and ask her why she is often late for work. The case could be that Judy is a single mom of three children who attend a private school on the other side of the city where no bus route has been established. In this case, her manager should find out if flexible work hours can become more available to all employees on the team and go from there. Another social issue could be that Joe, a long-time employee, is going through a divorce, which is costing him a fortune. As a result, Joe cannot afford his car payments and is now without reliable transportation to and from work. Joe's financial status is communicating poverty. Over time, Joe is not only tardy to work because of his transportation issues, but his clothes are looking ragged and he is in no position to meet with clients. Joe's work performance is now failing because of his financial situation. In this case, disciplinary action needs to be carefully considered and documented when dealing with Joe's poor work performance. It is important to document the disciplinary action taken so that the same discipline can be directed at a future situation to ensure equality (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). Provide a workplace example of an ethical dilemma involving your topic. Did any laws govern the manager's actions? A workplace dilemma involving discipline could involve an employee who is being harassed because of her sexual preference, and as a result she is harassing people in retaliation by directing hateful comments toward fellow co-workers. In this scenario, several people's behaviors need to be addressed: the employees initially harassing the woman because of her sexual preference, and the woman being harassed who is retaliating. Laws do govern the manager's actions, especially if the manager ignores the issue at hand. Managers are now being held responsible for their employees' actions if inappropriate behaviors are not dealt with and knowingly ignored. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which is linked with the Equal Opportunity Employment Commission is in place to ensure discrimination is eliminated from the work place and dealt with appropriately (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). Conclusion. In summary, employees are held accountable to their managers and managers to their employees. Managers are held accountable to their employees because it is their responsibility to make ethical decisions and abide by laws that govern their decision-making. Managers must strive to practice honesty, dignity, and fairness in their workplace as pertains to disciplining employees. They should also discipline employees the ethical way by holding a private meeting, being constructive, professional, allowing the employee's input, and in consistency with past disciplinary action. Social issues that pertain to the work place involve family issues, personal issues, diversity, and much more (Trevino & Nelson, 2007). References: Trevino, L. , & Nelson, K. (2007). Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right (4th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
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John Hawthorne s The House Of Seven Gables - 831 Words
Born July 4, 1804, in Salem, Mass. Reclusive at times, wrote twice-told tales, the house of seven gables, the scarlet letter and more. Married Sophia Peabody and fathered Una. Died in 1864. Buried in Concord, Massachusetts. Great-great-great-great grandfather, John Hawthorne, was judge at Salem witch trials The novel is set in the mid-1600s in Boston, Massachusetts. It encompasses a period of seven years and the plot involves lover-husband-wife, the theme of this book is developed in the context of evil vs good. ï  ® Puritan beliefs: – An emphasis on private study of the Bible – A desire to see education and enlightenment for the masses so they could read the Bible for them– Simplicity in worship, the exclusion of vestments, images, candles, etc. – Did not celebrate traditional holidays which they believed to be in violation of the regulative principle of worship. – Believed the Sabbath was still obligatory for Christians, although they believed the Sabbath had been changed to Sunday – Some approved of the church's involvement with the courts. which did not include some of the traditional practices of the Church of England? Although the Church did not officially control the State in Puritan settlements, religion and government were closely intertwined. The ministers counseled the magistrates in all affairs concerning the settlement and its citizens. The Puritans had strict rules against the theater, religious music, sen suous poetry, and frivolous dress.Show MoreRelatedGuilt as Reparation for Sin in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter5500 Words  | 22 Pagesto oneamp;#8217;s wrongs. Reverend Mister Dimmesdale learns that secrecy only makes the guilt increase. Nathaniel Hawthorne is trying to display how guilt is the everlasting payment for sinful actions. The theme of guilt as reparation for sin in The Scarlet Letter is revealed through Nathaniel Hawthorneamp;#8217;s use of northeastern, colonial settings, various conflicts, and characters that must live with guilt for the sins they have committed. Nathaniel Hawthorneamp;#8217;s elaborately descriptiveRead MoreGothic Literature : Gothic Writing1974 Words  | 8 PagesCanterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. (Snodgrass) As the colonists began settling in the Americas writers began writing of racial warfare and the new settlers plan to drive the Native Americans from the frontier in notable writings like Wacousta by John Richardson and Nick of the Woods by Robert Montgomery Bird.(Snodgrass) According to Faye Ringel, â€Å"for over 200 years, all manner of Americans – intellectuals and autodidacts, captains of industry and Lumpenproletariat – have sought by various meansRead MoreBrief Survey of American Literature3339 Words  | 14 PagesAmerican / American Indian oral literature / oral tradition creation storiesï ¼Ë†Ã¨ µ ·Ã¦ º Ã§ ¥Å¾Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° trickster talesï ¼Ë†Ã¦  ¶Ã¤ ½Å"å‰ §Ã¨â'¬â€¦Ã¤ ¼ Ã¥ ¥â€¡Ã¯ ¼â€° rituals / ceremoniesï ¼Ë†Ã¥â€¦ ¸Ã¤ » ªÃ¯ ¼â€° songs / chantsï ¼Ë†Ã¦â€º ²Ã¨ ¯ Ã¯ ¼â€° Anglo Settlers' Writings Highly religious and pragmatic - John Smith, founder of Jamestown, Virginia; Pocahontas - John Winthrop, â€Å"A Model of Christian Charity†: â€Å"†¦ We shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us†¦Ã¢â'¬  - William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation (1630-50, pub. 1856) - Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672)Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words  | 1617 Pagesbuilt-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice Hall Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore
Essay on The Evil Iago of Othello - 603 Words
Evil masterminds are always successful in their diabolical schemes, but each one does it in their own special way. Some may be highly ranked and powerful, but some may be simple people in a simple community. In the play Othello, the simple ancient, Iago is very successful at his schemes. Iago is able to get the trust of everyone around him, and to appear honest. He is also driven to continue with his schemes and to never quite. From the first scene of the play to the last, Iago is able to be trusted by everyone. This is one of the many reasons why Iago is so successful in his schemes, he is always trusted. In the first scene of the play we learn that Iago is helping Roderigo, win the love of Desdemona. Roderigo is trusting Iago with his†¦show more content†¦You have told me she hath received them, and returned me expectations and comfort of sudden respect and acquaintance; but I find none† (IV, ii, 186-190). Roderigo started to see that Iago is cheating on him, but Iago is smart enough, and Roderigo is dumb enough for Iago to confuse him. In the second act during the party after the defeat over the Turks, Cassio becomes very drunk and easily taken advantage of. He then runs into the room where everyone is and attacks Roderigo. Montano intervenes and is then wounded by Cassio; Othello is forced to demote Cassio from his position of Lieutenant. With Cassio devastated he asks for advice from Iag o, he then informs Cassio the only way to gain his position back is to talk to Desdemona. Cassio then leaves â€Å"good night, Honest Iago† (II, iii, 306). Shakespeare put in those two extra words on purpose; he is trying to show how Iago is already able to play with people's minds and how manipulative he can be. Us, the audience knowing what Iago really wants to do, but Cassio puts trust into Iago with his position and future. The last person to believe Iago is honest and to trust him is Othello. Iago started to tell Othello of how Desdemona might be sleeping with Cassio, and how she is cheating on him. Othello does not believe him as there is no proof, â€Å"I'll see before I doubt; when I doubt, prove; and on the proof there is no more but this† (III, iii, 190-191). Othello knowsShow MoreRelated Iago as the Representation of Evil in Shakespeares Othello1769 Words  | 8 PagesIago as the Representation of Evil in Othello In Shakespeares, Othello, the reader is presented the classic battle between the deceitful forces of evil and the innocence of good. It is these forces of evil that ultimately lead to the breakdown of Othello, a noble Venetian moor, well known by the people of Venice as an honorable soldier and a worthy leader. Othellos breakdown results in the murder of his wife Desdemona. Desdemona is representative of the good in nature. Good can be definedRead More The Absolute Evil of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay2029 Words  | 9 PagesThe Absolute Evil of Iago in Othello  What marks consummate villainy is the willingness to be absolutely evil-to have no qualms about being diabolical and no strains of human morality. Because feeling for another leads one to experience guilt, even an iota of empathy is a character flaw that will lead to the downfall of a villain. To succeed, the villain needs to emulate the character Iago in Othello, who consistently works his evil throughout the whole play and does not slip until the endRead MoreThe Evil Character of Iago in Shakespeares Othello Essay630 Words  | 3 PagesIago is a complex character that takes evil to a whole new level in the 1600's and plays a key role in this tale. Iago's main goal is to get Othello and Cassio out of the army, but in the end fails to ruin Cassio's life, only Othello's. He uses many characters to his advantage, realizing how trustworthy and oblivious these people are. Iago cannot be relied on and has many masks, behind which he hides. He has man y disguises and secrets that he hides from everyone and his acting skills come in handyRead MoreIago as Evil in William Shakespeares Othello Essay1138 Words  | 5 PagesIago as Evil in William Shakespeares Othello Othello is famously regarded as one of Shakespeares greatest tragedies. It explores the downfall of a great general Othello through a series of unlucky circumstances. Othellos character shows a man of high status whose job, marriage and life is ruined because of his insecurities by a man named Iago. 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His sadistic character hurts everyone in a web of deceit. Iago is Shakespeares most plausible and intriguing villains. The main themes in this play are appearance and reality, love, hate and jealousy. I intend to focus on Iago and see how his character changes and how Read MoreOthello: Good vs Evil1525 Words  | 7 PagesGood Or Evil: A Critical Analysis of Othello's Main Characters William Shakespeare's Othello is a classic depiction of a struggle between good and evil. In the play,, the characters are faced with the choice to either conquer or succumb to the overpowering force of evil. Shakespeare places his characters on a sort of spectrum in which a character's amount of god or evil can be represented by a shade of color: black representing pure evil, white representing absolute goodness, and a shade of greyRead MoreMalignant Iago of Shakespeares Othello Essay1721 Words  | 7 Pages  Pure evil is like a cancerous plague that harms all those who come upon it. In the tragic play â€Å"Othello† by William Shakespeare, Iago is a character that represents pure evil – a malignant cancer to all those around him. His evil is exposed through his choice of words, his ability to manipulate people, and his opportunistic ways.      First, Iago's evil is shown through his choice of words that demonstrate his vulgarity and his sinister intentions. Iago's language is extremely baseRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1678 Words  | 7 Pagesmasterpieces and tragedies such as Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth, King Lear and Romeo and Juliet caused a remarkable turning point in English literature as whole, and English drama in particular.His play Othellois one of his unforgettable tragedies. 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Omens in Julius Caesar - 578 Words
Though it can be argued whether or not omens can prevent the inevitable, in Julius Caesar, the power, though often ignored, and the roles that the omens play are so important in the outcome of the characters themselves and, therefore, the outcome of the play. Omens in Julius Caesar, and especially the refusal to listen to them, are so much of what makes the play a tragedy. From advice for Caesar to beware the Ides of March, to abnormal weather, and the odd and somewhat frightening dreams, Julius Caser is full of vastly different omens. The warnings against the Ides of March, first heard from the soothsayer, are specifically the most repeated omen throughout the play. It is repeated so much because it is predicts the impending doom upon Caesar. Caesar's refusal to listen to the soothsayer, and the various other warnings against the Ides of March, shows that there is no difference between fate and free will. Caesar, who is completely cocky and confident in himself, such that he can put off fate, has the free will to ignore the warnings, to ignore the signs, and he does just so. Because of Caesar's ignorance, his fate is sealed from then on. If Caesar had somehow read the warnings correctly, or even at all, his fate would be completely different; but his fate is not the only one which would be different. Whether or not Caesar would be king is arguable, but what is not, is the fact that if the warnings about the Ides of March would have been taken with more seriousness,Show MoreRelatedJulius Caesar Omens Essay1466 Words  | 6 PagesBy: Phillip Gigliotti Omens Are Not To Be Ignored A sign of the future of good or evil is considered to be an omen. Plenty of omens are displayed throughout the Tragedy of Julius Caesar, written by Shakespeare. If these omens are ignored negativity is often the only outcome for the character as demonstrated in the play. Some of these omens include Caesar ignoring Calpurnia's unpleasant dream and his servant's simple warning. Cassius disagrees with Casca's statement of the god's anger toward Caesar'sRead MoreTheme Of Omens In Julius Caesar1008 Words  | 5 Pagesor omens in their own manner, yet their own interpretations may vastly differ from how they are intended to be interpreted.Omens are used to foreshadow future events and for warning individuals, but many choose to omit omens with messages that they do not want to hear. William Shakespeare establishes an omen motif in his tragedy, Julius Caesar. Throughout the play, there are plenty of mystifying omens present.Characters in Julius Caesar either ignore, misinterpret, or acknowledge these omens, andRead MoreThe Omen: Forces of Nature Play a Very Important Role in Julius Caesar1127 Words  | 5 PagesThe Omen Forces of nature play a very important role in Julius Caesar. There is much attention paid to omens and nightmares and how they foreshadow Caesars death. The events that lead to the death of Julius Caesar are predicted by omens from multiple characters such as Calpurnia, Caesars wife, the Soothsayer, and a teacher, Artemidorus. The omens in the play were ignored by a majority of the main characters. Even though ignored, these omens appear even after Caesars death to show the guilt-riddenRead MoreHow Portents, Omens and Dreams Add to the Dramatic Tension Before Julius Caesars murder in Julius Caesar989 Words  | 4 PagesHow Portents, Omens and Dreams Add to the Dramatic Tension Before Julius Caesars murder in Julius Caesar Julius Caesar is one of Shakespeares greatest plays because in it he deals powerfully and excitingly with the themes of power and conscience. Particularly in Julius Caesar Shakespeare uses disruptions as portents, omens and predictions to give us a sense of approach of terrible events. Shakespeare lived the Elizabethan period; therefore like many Elizabethans he wouldRead MoreDiscuss what the various responses to omens, nightmares and other supernatural events show about the struggle between fate and freewill in Julius Caesar?1856 Words  | 8 PagesOne of the major concerns presented by Shakespeare in Julius Caesar is the struggle between fate and free will. This struggle is evident throughout the play through Shakespeares continual presentation of the supernatural. The supernatural is present in many different forms in the text, for example through omens, nightmares and sacrifices. Shakespeare believed that life was a combination of fate and freewill, he presents this idea to the audience through different events that occur throughout theRead MoreA Predetermined Fate The Tragedy of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare 801 Words  | 3 PagesThe Tragedy of Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare depicts the dictatorship of a powerful Roman emperor in 44 B.C. This play consists of various elements so me of which are historical events, people and places, which disclose the conspiracy to overthrow Julius Caesar. The fates of the characters are predetermined although they attempt to avoid and ultimately change their own fate, which attributes to the humanity each character possesses giving a predetermined fate that is unavoidable and uncontrollableRead MoreThe Death Of Julius Caesar By William Shakespeare And The Rwandan Genocide1637 Words  | 7 Pages Warnings play a very important role in the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare and the Rwandan Genocide in 1994. The omens and nightmares in the play foreshadow the death of Julius Caesar that later resulted to chaos in Rome. The events that lead to the assassination of Julius Caesar are predicted by omens from characters such as his wife Calphurnia, the Soothsayer, Artemidorus and from the environment. Similarly, many warnings in the Rwanda history triggered the genocidal slaughterRead MoreSelf Righteousness In Jul ius Caesar1066 Words  | 5 PagesIt appears that the largest conflict surrounding William Shakespeare's Julius Caesar seems to be the uncertainty concerning the exact role that Caesar himself is meant to fulfill within the play. It is truly unknown whether he was meant to be the domineering tyrant that need desperately to be stopped in the interest of the greater good or the vulnerable victim of Brutus' lineage-driven self righteousness. The unknown significance of Caesar's hearing impediment and his disregard for both the prophecyRead MoreCritical Criticism Of Julius Caesar942 Words  | 4 PagesShakespeare in 1599, Julius Caesar has become one of most eye-opening pieces on power and the use and misuse of it. In this play, Julius Caesar is depicted as egotistical and easily swayed by other's arguments that appeal to his pride or love of self-image, as seen in Act II, Scene II, when Calpurnia, Caesar's wife, attempted to persuade Caesar to s tay home after having dreams and seeing omens insinuating his impending death. Calphurnia's argument temporarily convinced Caesar to grudgingly agree withRead MoreThe Derogatory Effects Of Pride On Human Life1047 Words  | 5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare's play Julius Caesar. Caesar himself is consumed by pride, and the way that others treat him only reinforces his idea that his is the strongest man in the world, and certainly the only man fit to lead Rome. Caesar's ambition, which was caused by his pride, convinces Brutus that, despite his love for Caesar, Caesar would only hurt Rome, and therefore must die. More than that, however, Caesar's pride directly causes his downfall. Throughout Julius Caesar, Shakespeare shows the audience
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Education a Continous Process Free Essays
Baxter and Tight (1994) noted in their research that in many countries, people are being encouraged to be â€Å"lifelong learners,† people who return to school again and again throughout their lives, rather than looking at education as something that ends with graduation from high school or college (Baxter Tight, 1994). The â€Å"Lifelong Learning† movement believes that education should be an important part of people's lives throughout their lives instead of restricting it to childhood and adolescence. The authors interviewed people who had returned to education later in life to see what factors supported or interfered with that choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Education a Continous Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the observations they made was that for many older students, especially women, returning to school represented a real juggling act with their time management. This trend was so strong that a significant number of people asked to participate felt that they could not spare the hour the interview would take. This trend of women being stressed for time to do everything they and others expected of them was so strong that they mentioned that perhaps the idea of people attending school throughout their lives might be a male view because often men do not have to juggle as many important tasks as women. The women who were interviewed noted that they had family, personal and work commitments, all of which had to come before school, with the result that when they attended classes, often there was no room in their lives for any social activities connected to their academic work (Baxter Tight, 1994). However, Palwak (1999) points out that in an age of rapidly changing technology, it may be necessary to include education in one's career plans to the worker does not become stuck with archaic skills. The difficulty in juggling time is also demonstrated in discussions on this topic by the fact that so many articles focus on retirees who return to learning because they finally have the time to study things that have interested them for many years. How to cite Education a Continous Process, Essay examples Education a Continous Process Free Essays Baxter and Tight (1994) noted in their research that in many countries, people are being encouraged to be â€Å"lifelong learners,† people who return to school again and again throughout their lives, rather than looking at education as something that ends with graduation from high school or college (Baxter Tight, 1994). The â€Å"Lifelong Learning† movement believes that education should be an important part of people's lives throughout their lives instead of restricting it to childhood and adolescence. The authors interviewed people who had returned to education later in life to see what factors supported or interfered with that choice. We will write a custom essay sample on Education a Continous Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the observations they made was that for many older students, especially women, returning to school represented a real juggling act with their time management. This trend was so strong that a significant number of people asked to participate felt that they could not spare the hour the interview would take. This trend of women being stressed for time to do everything they and others expected of them was so strong that they mentioned that perhaps the idea of people attending school throughout their lives might be a male view because often men do not have to juggle as many important tasks as women. The women who were interviewed noted that they had family, personal and work commitments, all of which had to come before school, with the result that when they attended classes, often there was no room in their lives for any social activities connected to their academic work (Baxter Tight, 1994). However, Palwak (1999) points out that in an age of rapidly changing technology, it may be necessary to include education in one's career plans to the worker does not become stuck with archaic skills. The difficulty in juggling time is also demonstrated in discussions on this topic by the fact that so many articles focus on retirees who return to learning because they finally have the time to study things that have interested them for many years. How to cite Education a Continous Process, Essays
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Operations - Strategy - Information Technology
Question: Can develop and evaluate a conceptual solution for an innovation problem. Understand how to manage and execute the innovation process. Are able to describe, explain and apply innovation concepts, models and tools. Answer: Introduction Here in this assignment we are looking forward to understand how the Information Technology Systems could be incorporated in order to develop a competitive advantage for a business enterprise. The rising global competition among business houses has encouraged business enterprises to undertake strategies that would enable them to stay ahead of their business competitors and develop a competitive advantage in the market. In order to be successful in their business endeavours business establishments needs to undertake various kinds of calculated risks which would help them to yield profit in the long run. Ensuring an effective planning is an imperative aspect of any successful business endeavours as it helps to effectively analyse all the different factors which an organisation has to encounter in the market during the course of their day-to-day business operations. This will help the business establishments to manage the operations within the business on a daily basis in an efficient m anner and thus ensures the long term growth and success of thee organisation in the market. This is the main reason that this assignment has been taken up by us in order to understand and evaluate how innovative technologies could be utilised by the SMEs in the market in order to realise their business goals and objectives in the market (Asemi Jazi, 2010). Problem Identification and Analysis Nowadays, the business establishments are leaving no stones unturned in order to gain a competitive advantage over their rivals. They are trying to incorporate effective business strategies without realising the long term impacts and consequences of their business decisions on the business performance of the organisation in the market. The business establishments are thus becoming a victim of inefficient decision making which is invariably increasing the operational expenses for the business establishments. This is playing a vital role in increasing the operational budgets for the business establishments and as a result lowering the profit margins for the business establishments. Ineffective business decisions often prove to be detrimental for the growth and success of business establishments as it eventually cripples the business opportunities for an organisation in the market and eventually forces an organisation to shut down their business operations (Hoeven, 2009). On the other h and, ensuring an effective decision on the part of the management will essentially ensure the steady growth and success of the organisation in the market and help the business establishments to deal with the competition in the industry with rivals present in the existing framework. This will thus help in releasing business goals and help the company to come up with strategies in order to realize those goals. An effective planning could be essentially ensured if technology is utilised for the purpose of decisions making. Technology helps in reducing and minimizing the human errors in decision making and it helps the management to accurate measure and evaluates the long term implications of their business decisions. Thus, the business establishments are able to undertake better and effective decisions by evaluating the various market factors which the business establishments have to encounter during the course of their daily business operations in the market. There are various technol ogies that are available in the market which helps the business establishments to undertake effective business decisions. One of the most reputed among them is the ERP Softwares which is developed by SAP (Chen et al. 2008). Idea Generation and Screening The Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) tools developed by SAP has become one of the most popular and effective business tool which helps organizations to effectively manage their business and streamline their day to day functionalities in an effective manner. This on the other hand helps the business establishments to undertake effective decisions for the future growth and success of a business enterprise. The ERP tools help the business establishments to monitor all the diverse aspects of their business in an effective manner and thus help them to undertake an effective risk analysis in the market. This helps the small and medium business enterprises to tackle and address their business risks in a proper and effective manner and thus the business establishments are able to ensure their growth and success in the market. ERP is a very advanced and innovative business tool which can help the small and medium business enterprises to compete more effectively with their familiar and well known business compatriots in the market. It helps in creating a level playing field for the lesser known business establishments and provides them an effective platform to ensure their growth and success in the market (Davenport, 2013). In a report released by the Aberdeen Group, which the foremost provider of fact-based research, the importance of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in ensuring the growth and success of Small to Mid-size Enterprises (SMEs) has been evaluated. The report ERP in SME: Fueling Growth and Profits, essentially describes that the implementation of ERP software tools in SMEsis extremely vital for ensuring their growth and success in the market which will enable them to transform their business operations in the market. The ERP tools would play a vital role in providing the SMEs with a foundation for conducting their transaction-based business and at the same time help in to ensure cost savings and operational improvement. The ERP tools would help the SMEs to tackle the existing business competition in an effective manner and help them to develop a competitive advantage over their business rivals. A total of 578 SMEs were surveyed as a part of this report and among them almost 80% were antic ipating a growth in their overall profits and revenues. The report also states that in order to ensure the successful realisation of their business goals, it is extremely vital for the business establishments to contain their rising costs of their business operations. This will enable the business establishments to ensure that their revenue growth is not coming at the expense of their profits (Kearns Sabherwal, 2006). The report also found out that the Best-in-ClassERP implementationsare yielding the following benefits for the small and medium business establishments: Lowering operating costs by 22% Lowering the administrative costs by 20% 17% reductions in inventory (MD only) 19% improvement in the on-time delivery 17% improvement in the scheduled compliance (MD only) Preliminary Investigation and Evaluation In order to ensure the long term growth of an organisation, an effective planning on the part of the management is absolutely imperative and essential. The ERP tools precisely help the business establishments in this regard. IT helps the management to undertake effective business decisions by providing them an opportunity to evaluate the long term impacts of their business decisions. It helps the business decisions to indentify the different risks which an organisation has to face in the market and thus the business establishments are better prepared to tackle and address those risks. Moreover, the ERP software tools help them to monitor their business operations in the market. It helps the business establishments to understand their strengths and weakness in the market. Thus, the business establishments are able to identify their business shortcomings which are bringing down their productivity in the market and this helps the business establishments to address their business shortco mings and bottlenecks in an effective manner (Beatty Williams, 2006). ERP tools help the business establishments to evaluate the diverse aspects of their business by ensuring an effective financial control over their daily business activities in the market. when organizations are able to come up with robust planning and budgeting for their business, a business establishment is able to maximise the utilisation of the available resources at their disposal and this helps them to prevent the unnecessary wastage of their resources. This helps in bringing down the cost of business operations for an organisation and helps them to maximise the profits and revenues which they generate from the market. The business establishments are able to realise their long term business goals and objectives in the market and they are able to transform their business fortunes in the market. Thus, the business establishments are able to tackle the existing competition in the market in an effective manner for developing competitive advantage in the industry in which they are op erating (Malhotra Temponi, 2010). Concept Definition Enterprise resource planning(ERP) can be considered to be a category of business managementsoftwares which provide a wide variety of choices to the business establishments which helps in satisfying the different needs of an organisation. The ERP software essentially comprises of an integrated applications suite which can be utilised by a business establishment for the purpose of collecting, storing, managing and interpreting data from their different functional activities in the market which includes product planning, purchasing of raw materials, manufacturing or service delivery, marketing and sales, inventory management, delivery and payment of receipts (Chen et al. 2008). ERP tools play a vital role in providing the business establishments with a detailed view (in real-time) of their core business processes by utilising the data which is effectively stored andmaintained bydatabase management systems. ERP systems play a very essential role in tracking and monitoring the various resources utilised by a business establishment such as liquid cash,raw materials, productivity, etc. This helps in effectively monitoring the status of business commitments which have been undertaken by the small and medium business establishments which includes purchase orders andpayroll. The diverse set of business applications which comprise the ERP systems helps to ensure an effective sharing of information and data across various functional levels of an organisation (e.g. - production, purchase, accounting, sales, etc.) which are providing those data. Thus, the ERP system helps in facilitating an effective flow of information between the topmost business hierarchy and the lowermost levels of the organisation, thereby helping the organisation to satisfy the interests of their different stakeholders in the market (Ifinedo, 2008). The ERP software has been available in the market for the past two decades and this software application essentially evolved from an earlier form of software which was known as the MRP (Material Requirement Planning). The MRP has existed in the market for almost 20 years before the ERP came into existence. ERP software has been developed keeping in mind the minds the various business requirements of a typical organisation and thus it plays such an efficient role in managing all the diverse aspects of a business establishment. ERP also provides the opportunity to their users to customize them according to the needs and requirements of the diverse industries in which those systems are being utilised at present (Asemi Jazi, 2010). Experiment identification and Planning For ensuring the growth and success of an organisation, understanding the needs and preferences of the customers in really essential as it helps the business establishments to generate the necessary sales which are going to help them in sustaining their business operations in the market. This will essentially determine the amount of profits and revenues which the organisation is going to generate in the market. ERP systems can also be utilised to understand the present market trends which invariably helps the business establishments to indentify the customer buying behaviour in the market. It helps the business establishments to conduct an effective market analysis which enables the business establishments to identify the needs and preferences of their customers in the market (Hoeven, 2009). The ERP systems are playing a vital role in helping the business establishments to incorporate an effective advertising and marketing campaigns which helps in popularizing their products and serv ices among their customers. Thus, the business establishments are able to provide their customers with the appropriate products and services which help in satisfying the needs and expectations of the customers in the market. This helps the business establishments in ensuring customer satisfaction for their consumers and thus the business establishments are able to enforce brand loyalty among their customers band retain their customers for the long haul (Finney Corbett, 2007). Reference Davenport, T. H. (2013).Process innovation: reengineering work through information technology. Harvard Business Press. Fitzsimmons, J., Fitzsimmons, M. (2013).Service management: Operations, strategy, information technology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kearns, G. S., Sabherwal, R. (2006). Strategic alignment between business and information technology: a knowledge-based view of behaviors, outcome, and consequences.Journal of management information systems,23(3), 129-162. Chen, R. S., Sun, C. M., Helms, M. M., Jih, W. J. K. (2008). Aligning information technology and business strategy with a dynamic capabilities perspective: A longitudinal study of a Taiwanese Semiconductor Company.International Journal of Information Management,28(5), 366-378. Velcu, O. (2010). Strategic alignment of ERP implementation stages: An empirical investigation.Information Management,47(3), 158-166. Hoeven, H. V. D. (2009). ERP and business processes: illustrated with Microsoft Dynamics NAV 2009. Asemi, A., Jazi, M. D. (2010). A comparative study of critical success factors (CSFs) in implementation of ERP in developed and developing countries.International Journal,2(5), 99-110. Karim, J., Somers, T. M., Bhattacherjee, A. (2007). The impact of ERP implementation on business process outcomes: A factor-based study. Journal of Management Information Systems,24(1), 101-134. Ifinedo, P. (2008). Impacts of business vision, top management support, and external expertise on ERP success.Business Process Management Journal,14(4), 551-568. Srivardhana, T., Pawlowski, S. D. (2007). ERP systems as an enabler of sustained business process innovation: A knowledge-based view.The Journal of Strategic Information Systems,16(1), 51-69. Malhotra, R., Temponi, C. (2010). Critical decisions for ERP integration: Small business issues.International Journal of Information Management,30(1), 28-37. Finney, S., Corbett, M. (2007). ERP implementation: a compilation and analysis of critical success factors.Business Process Management Journal,13(3), 329-347. Beatty, R. C., Williams, C. D. (2006). ERP II: best practices for successfully implementing an ERP upgrade.Communications of the ACM,49(3), 105-109.
History of Special Education Essay Example Essay Example
History of Special Education Essay Example Paper History of Special Education Essay Introduction Running head: History of Special Education History of Special Education Julie G. Delk Grand Canyon University: SPE 526 May 4, 2011 Abstract The realm of Special Education has many components and features. It has a well rounded historical background and the laws governing special education are equally as important to discuss. A key point to discuss is the Individuals with Disabilities Act-its laws and principles that are associated with Special Education. Challenges found within Special Education are also discussed with current times and themes and also prospecting into the future. The History of Special Education Introduction When our education system was established, a thought seemed to never cross the minds of educators that those possessing difficulties in learning were even capable of learning. This attitude handicapped the progress of education to such an extent that those with exceptionalities were often cast aside and often viewed as a burden to society. This thought progressi vely began to change towards the 17th and 18th centuries. Pioneers such as Pinel Philippe, Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard, Eduoard Seguin, and Samuel Gridley Howe are just a few of the many who felt that children with difficulties can learn and developed special education techniques that are still actively present in teaching strategies of today. Perhaps these individuals saw that through observation and demonstrating compassion that these attitudes revealed a glimpse of hope, a hope for a brighter future for children with disabilities. History of Special Education Essay Body Paragraphs More so that through the perseverance of advocates and parents of persons with disabilities a creation of change in behavior and attitudes of society were beginning. Special education has been a heavily discussed topic in the realm of government and in legislation. Litigation and Legislation for Special Education One of the biggest concerns of those afflicted with disabilities and the families of those disabled was discrimination and the unfair treatment of children with disabilities. At one point in time educators often felt that they should not educate those with disabilities because the assumption was these individuals were unable to learn. Some educators, however had the same concern and wanted to better the lives of those whom they taught. In Brown v. the Board of Education, Topeka, KS, a finding was made that teachers could discriminate against any student because of individual differences of those with disabilities. Two other court decisions also were helpful in the developmen t of special education. These two cases were held in Supreme Court: Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and Mills v. Board of Education, Washington, D. C. These two cases applied the right to a free and appropriate education for students with disabilities. The American court system has continually played an active role in special education and continues to enforce these rulings. Legally schools must provide the education in special education or prepare to face legal action or consequences. History of legislation in the regards to special education was precedential in the landmark decision-The Rehabilitation Act of 1973. In particular, Section 504 of this Act mandated that there would be no discrimination for those with disabilities. The law had a broad definition of the term disability and encompassed those who had disabilities not particularly covered in special education laws or court decisions. This law was the first step in the legislat ion of recognizing the civil rights of disabled persons. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004(referred to as IDEA) Special education became institutionalized in public and private school settings when Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 became law. According to the Wikipedia article (n. d. ) Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 â€Å"is a United States federal law that governs how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and related services to children with disabilities. † The educational needs of children from birth to 18 or 21 are addressed in cases that involve several specified categories of disability. States that accept funding under IDEA are subject to its law and regulation. IDEA and its predecessor statutes arose from the idea that free and appropriate education for children with disabilities should no longer be withheld because of a person's disability-which is in direct violation of the right to due process. This Act has been amended and reauthorized and was finally released in 2004, which contained several amendments. IDEA's outline intended for outcomes for each child is prepared for furthering the education, job fulfillment, and self efficacy. Wikipedia further states(n. d. ) â€Å"Under IDEA 2004: Special education and related services should be designed to meet the unique learning needs of eligible children with disabilities, preschool through age 21. Students with disabilities should be prepared for further education, employment, and independent living. † Furthermore, IDEA protects the rights of those individuals, keeps schools in regulatory necessity for checks and balances, and students that have disabilities benefit to their fullest potential. Current and Future Challenges in the Field of Special Education Without a proper and fundamental understanding of the definition of children with exceptionalities, an educator may find a very di fficult task to educate and this failure may result in no success of learning on the behalf of the student. The term that describes abilities that differ from the norm either above or below to such an extent that they require an individualized program of special education and related services to fully from education(Heward, 2009). The term exceptional children includes children who experience difficulties in learning as well as those whose performance is so superior that modification in curriculum and instruction are necessary to help them fulfill potential†(p. 9). Labeling children with terms such as â€Å"children with disabilities† or â€Å"handicapped children† are no longer viewed as appropriate for use in describing exceptional children. Perhaps labeling is essential for demographic or educational purposes as well as for those seeking benefits to special educational services. Never the less exceptional children require pecialized education and services. The re are many factors to consider when labeling an individual. Advantages are many as the same is applied to disadvantages. The challenge currently is to find the appropriate measure of the label itself. Professionals in special education have legitimate reason to feel good about the overall progress in the field of special education. Educators continue to learn to work as partners with families and other educational agencies on behalf of exceptional children. There is still more work that needs to be done however. Research continues to be a key component to close the gap in the educational practice in special education. The continuous learning of the techniques of what works best in the classroom is an ever growing process. Educators have learned much about how to teach effectively children with severe disabilities, whom many previously had assumed were incapable of learning. Heward (2009) reports that â€Å"It is critically important for special education to close the gap between f ield's knowledge of evidence-based practices and the curriculum and instruction that students receive† (p. 43). Several challenges educators in this field are facing currently as well what future obstacles are the availability of early intervention and prevention programs, helping students with disabilities adjust from school to adult life, and improve the special education-general education partnership. Other issues such as cultural and linguistic diversity are concerns as well. Schools sometimes may not always be effective as they should be providing the best or most desired experiences for culturally and linguistically diverse students. This failure often results in student failure as a whole. This result often times in a misinterpretation of a disability rather than the responsibility of the school to provide appropriate curriculum and instruction. The important point to remember is that everyone is different and educators must be aware of this fact. Educators must find the open line of communication as a common ground. This does pose some risk but the reward outweighs the risk taken in the discovery of different sets of values. No one should fear the differences between other there is a great opportunity to be discovered. Conclusion There is a continuing struggle for those with disabilities for acceptance and survival. Without special education, these individuals would still be seen and viewed as worthless and unsuitable products of society. The individuals who have persevered for the rights of the disabled have brought many wrong assumptions to light for correction. Special education has come a long ways and the laws that regulate it are there to protect these individuals. Through detailed and tailored instruction, these individuals can realize their fullest potential and contribute to the society as a whole. References Brown v. Board of Education. 347 U. S. 483 (1954). Heward, W. L. (2009). Exceptional children: An introduction to special e ducation(9th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004, Pub. L. No. 108-446, 118  § 2647. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (n. d. ). Retrieved May 3, 2011 from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Individuals_with _Disabilities_Education_Act Mills v. Board of Education, 348 F. Supp. 866 (1972). The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Pub. L. No. 93-112, 87 Stat. 394, 29 U. S. C.  §701. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Special Education Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on History of Special Education Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on History of Special Education Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer
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John Hawthorne s The House Of Seven Gables - 831 W...


text:
How and Why Steel Is Normalized
Macro Topics
Commodities Metals
Find out how this form of heat treatment makes iron more workable
••• Hans-Peter Merten/The Image Bank/Getty Images
By Ryan Wojes
Steel normalizing is a kind of heat treatment, so understanding heat treatment is the first step in understanding steel normalizing. From there, it isn't hard to understand what steel normalizing is, and why it's a common part of the steel industry.
What is Heat Treatment?
Heat treatment is a process in which metals are heated and cooled to change their structure. The changes to the metals' chemical and physical properties differ based on the temperatures that they are heated to and how much they're cooled down afterward. Heat treatment is used for a wide variety of metals.
Metals are typically treated to improve their strength, hardness, toughness, ductility, and corrosion resistance. The different ways in which metals can undergo heat treatment include annealing, tempering, and normalizing.
The Basics of Normalization
Normalization removes impurities in steel and improves its strength and hardness. This happens by changing the size of the grain, making it more uniform throughout the piece of steel. The steel is first heated up to a specific temperature, then cooled by air.
Depending on the type of steel, normalizing temperatures usually range from 810 degrees Celsius to 930 degrees Celsius. The thickness of the metal determines how long a piece of metal is held at the "soaking temperature"—the temperature that transforms the microstructure. The thickness and composition of the metal also determine how high the workpiece is heated.
Benefits of Normalization
The normalization form of heat treatment is less expensive than annealing. Annealing is a heat treatment process that brings metal closer to a state of equilibrium. In this state, the metal becomes softer and easier to work with. Annealing—which the American Foundry Society refers to as "extreme over-aging"—requires slow-cooking metal to allow its microstructure to transform. It is heated above its critical point and allowed to cool slowly, much slower than during the normalization process.
Because of its relative inexpensiveness, normalization is the most common industrialization process of metal. If you're wondering why annealing is more costly, the Ispat Digest provides a logical explanation for the cost difference as follows:
"In normalizing, because the cooling takes place in the air, the furnace is ready for the next cycle as soon as the heating and soaking stages are over as compared to annealing, where furnace cooling after the heating and soaking stages needs eight to 20 hours, depending upon the quantity of charge."
But normalization isn't just less expensive than annealing, it also produces a harder and stronger metal than the annealing process. Normalization is often used in the production of hot-rolled steel products such as railroad wheels, bars, axles, and other forged steel products.
Preventing Structural Irregularities
While normalization may have advantages over annealing, iron generally benefits from any kind of heat treatment. This is doubly true when the casting shape in question is complicated. Iron castings in complex shapes (which can be found in industrial settings like mines, oilfields, and heavy machinery) are vulnerable to structural problems after they cool. These structural irregularities can distort the material and cause other issues in the iron's mechanics.
To prevent such problems from occurring, metals undergo normalizing, annealing, or stress-relieving processes.
Metals That Don't Require Normalizing
Not all metals require the normalization thermal process. For example, it's rare for low-carbon steels to require normalization. That being said, if such steels are normalized, no harm will come to the material. Also, when iron castings have a consistent thickness and equal section sizes, they are generally put through the annealing process, rather than the normalization process.
Other Heat Treatment Processes
Carburizing steel: Carburizing heat treatment is the introduction of carbon into the surface of the steel. Carburizing occurs when the steel is heated above the critical temperature in a carburizing furnace that contains more carbon than the steel contains.
Decarburization: Decarburization is the removal of carbon from the surface of the steel. Decarburization occurs when the steel is heated above the critical temperature in an atmosphere that contains less carbon than the steel contains.
Deep freezing steel: Deep freezing is cooling steel to approximately -100 degrees Fahrenheit, or lower, to complete the transformation of austenite to martensite.
Here's What Happens When Metals Undergo Heat Treatment
What Is Type 201 Stainless Steel?
Annealing in Metallurgy Brings Metal Closer to Its Equilibrium State
Properties of Type 316 and 316L Stainless Steels
The Modern Method for Manufacturing Steel
What You Need to Know About Cryogenic Hardening of Metal
How the Quenching Process Works to Harden Steel in Metalworking
The History of Steel
What Is Iron?
Learn About the Difference Between Types 304 and 304L Stainless Steel
Learn About Malleability and the Treatment of Metals
How Is Metallurgical Coal—Coking Coal—Used?
How Does Cold Working Strengthen Steel?
Key Properties and Effects of Common Steel Alloying Agents
Tungsten (Wolfram) Metal: Properties, Production, Applications & Alloys
Different Steel Alloys Have Different Properties and Uses

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Nougats explores traditional terrazzo design with a unique twist. The three shades of colour offered in contrasting pairs have various fragment sizes and a stylized texture. Additionally Nougats includes 12 decorative options that utilise irregular geometries with stunning bold colours.


Match report A promisiming start for Park fell away in the middle orderas 76 for 1 changed to 93 for 7 within 10 overs. A fightback towards the end from Marc Lloyd got the score up to 150 allout, and Sukhi Jutla must also take some credit for his 41 earlier on.
Hornchurch responded aggressively, particluarly their Aussie opener Hodkiss who added 76. They romped home for thse loss of only two wickets though the bowling of colt Albert Portsmouth, and the more 'experienced' Ian Greenwood added some late pressure, pickig up a wicket each.
All in all, good to get out and play again and hopefully the performances will develop in the next couple of weeks.


Whether you manage the entire function or contribute to an organization's communications, social media continues to quickly evolve in an ever-changing atmosphere. Navigating platform trends and developing content requires an ongoing understanding of the rules of engagement. Edelman Orlando VP of Digital, Josh Greenberg, and Edelman Orlando Senior Account Executive of Digital, Matt Giacalone, will discuss the complexities of today's digital landscape, such as how social platforms are addressing "engagement hacking" through algorithms, how to shift your brand's social focus to encourage conversations and selecting the right content and spokespersons for your brand. Also learn how to leverage Edelman Trust Insights to create meaningful and trustworthy content.
Matthew Giacalone (headshot) is a Senior Account Executive on the Digital team at Edelman. He's led a wide variety of social campaigns and delved into the organic, paid, creative, and strategy side of social. Matt has a strong background in copywriting, project management, content creation and analytics.
Josh Greenberg (headshot) a 12-year digital expert at Edelman, leads the advancement of digital and social media strategies for Edelman on accounts like Disney, Adventist Health System, SeaWorld, Bluegreen Vacations and more.
Registration and networking begins at 7:30 a.m. The program begins promptly at 8 a.m.
TIME: Registration/Networking 7:30 a.m. Program 8 – 9 a.m.
The PRSA Orlando/Frank R. Stansberry Scholarship provides financial assistance to one full-time University of Central Florida student majoring in public relations each year. PRSA Orlando recently reached its financial goal of endowing the scholarhsip by raising $25,000, but there is still much more to do. Your contribution to the PRSA Orlando/Frank R. Stansberry Scholarship at UCF will help encourage bright, eager young men and women to major in public relations and become the next generation of practitioners. Donating is easy and tax deductible. Just click to donate today: http://prsaorlando.growsocially.biz/about-us/stansberry-scholarship.stml.


i have been away in silent for some time but i keep watching this place to decide once and for all who are the good posters and who are the bad posters? this my list of the good posters do not argue if you not make the list that makes that you are a bad poster!
Why thank you Sir. I and my receding hairline salute your fro.
The only poster who had his account banned 4 times without ever breaking any rules each of those times.
you have a retreating hairline? but you seem to be such a spirited young man i would not believe!
this is your celebration young lady you do what you want to do!
Imma go take my clothes off and dance on the balcony!
no u cant do that. that is forbidden.
The only person I disagree with on that list is Jan El Senor. He's pretty cool.
ohno i have made an error with my list he should not be here!
i put the wrong list here! i make new topic with the real list.
"You had me at Elk Tartare"
do u want to make the list now do u?


I developed the recipe and method over time (a year) using a notebook to keep track of steps and ingredients, modifying it based upon results and polling. I have made pizza almost every Saturday night for many years, for my family and about 50%+ of the time we have guests. Making homemade pizza allows you to spend time with your family / company and not spend all your time in the kitchen, cleanup is a breeze. I do it to give my wife a night off from cooking (she is a top notch baker and cook).
I now have it down to a science. This Instructable should take most of the experimentation out of it, except for minor tweaks for your stove and pans. Once you have it down it is easy, while you cannot please everyone; nearly everyone likes pizza, let alone good pizza.
3-4 hours (don't be afraid) it only requires 1/2 hour of interaction, the rest is rise time, drink wine and look busy.
Cook Time: 45 - 55 min.
If you expect 3 pieces each you can serve 8 but don't count on it. Serve a soup, salad or appetizers and you can serve 8 but the pizza will go.
Having worked in pizza parlor (cook and prep cook) as a kid, I have first hand knowledge how to make pizza. The problem was how to make it without making 50 gallons of sauce, 50 lbs of dough and $5000 pizza/bread oven. Minor mistakes when making large quantities don't show, mess up with two pounds of dough and everyone knows. Hence I urge you all to acquaint yourselves with the local Italian bakery or at least the fresh Italian bread dough from your market, dough is the hardest to make in small batches, unless you have the skills or a machine, go to the bakery or market.
Every recipe I have ever read or used has been incomplete, process steps are always left out and equipment is never mentioned. I approached the search for homemade pizza like a science experiment and have refined the ingredients and each step in the process. This may be tuned to my oven and baking material, yours may vary slightly (especially cooking times check the progress if you must but remember it will add baking time). It is presented here in voluminous detail so that there is no guesswork. Modify it as you wish for your oven / pans.
2 Heavy (may even be commercial) gauge steel jelly roll pans (10in x 15in) mine are stamped Brick Oven, Chicago IL. I got them about 25 years ago. You can use cookie sheets with a ¾ inch edge, but they must be heavy gauge steel black is better; this is what makes it crispy on the bottom. Do not use non stick coated pans! Do not go cheap here most sheets are crap now days.
I buy mine, as stated making 2lbs leaves too much room for error, find a bakery you like and use their dough or if you have a bread maker use that. It is very important to let the dough rest before trying to fit it into the pan. Leave on a counter at room temperature in the plastic bag it comes in for about an hour before starting.
Distribute about 2+ tsp (depends on the pan) of the Olive Oil in each of two baking pans using your hands make sure the entire surface is well covered (but not pool up, if it does use a paper towel to wick it away). With the olive oil still on your hands take one of the dough balls and stretch it into a rectangle of even thickness, don't worry about the size. Place it in the pan, using your palms and fingers stretch the dough into a rectangle, then flip it over and do it again. The best motion I have found is to press down and then out. If the dough retracts (and it will) by pulling in, it is time to let it rest. Too much handling will cause it to be elastic it will never stretch out to the edges. Before resting for the first time place plastic wrap over each pizza taking care to have it extend over the edge (if you let air in it will start to dry out and that area will be have a very thick crust yuk).
To rest as stated in the last step place plastic wrap over the dough covering the pan, place the pans on an elevated wire rack. Under the rack slightly elevated place a heating pad set on Low to Medium (depending on the pad). Now take a beach towel and cover the entire apparatus. Let it rest and rise again for about 1 hour (or until it has risen). We did this in the pizza shop and it makes a difference you cannot rush this step. (see the pictures for the complete setup).
Having waited at least 1 hour before you went on as stated in the last step.
Once it rises you can push the dough to the side to make it reach the edge, leave the plastic cover on. The technique here is to try to evenly push the dough using the side of your hand not palms, starting at the thick sections and moving outward. Try not to take all the air out of it.
Rest it again for a minimum of 1 hour (again until it rises). This whole sub-process is experimental; it depends on the dough, relative temperature, heating pad and patience. The pad should be warm not hot or it will kill the yeast. The extent of the rise is up to you, less time thinner pizza, if you let it rise it will also spread to the sides more. Don't worry if it does not reach the edges the product will not suffer.
Set the oven to bake to 375 place oven racks 1/3 from the top and ½ the way up from the bottom, and start the sauce.
In a saucepan, combine all the ingredients simmer over medium low heat until well integrated, hot not boiling, just starting to bubble. Stir every once in a while. Heating the sauce will reduce the possibility of the dough getting soggy helps distribute the spices. This should take only 10 min, the time it takes the oven to preheat.
Once the sauce is hot and the dough has been stretched, remove the plastic (like I had to say that), take a fork and stab the dough (through to the dough to the baking sheet, hence the reason we do not use non stick pans) all over the surface about every 2 – 3 inches about 20 times per pizza should be OK. This prevents bubbles in the dough. Ladle (volume of the ladle is your call, do not scrape the pan out yet) even amounts of sauce on each pizza using the bottom of the ladle to push sauce around making a nice even coat. Get as close to the edge as possible with out going over, use the small amount of sauce to fill in bare spots. Slap the bottom of each pan with the palm of your hand this will help distribute the sauce more even you can tilt it to try to get some of it to move to bare spots. (sorry no pictures of process my family thought I was nuts for trying to document this, my wife wanted to keep the recipe a secret).
Important: Do not place toppings on at this time! This is what causes greasy pizza, the fat comes out of the cheese and the pepperoni; you want melted cheese not molten fat lava.
This entire process depends on your oven. As stated above, place them in a preheated oven at 375F, for 18 min (check for browning after 15 min to see how your oven works after you figure out your oven this is unnecessary, establish a swapping time and stick to it). Note: there must be ample room around the pans to allow airflow or the bottom one will burn and the top won't cook.
After 18 min swap the positions of the pizzas (top to bottom, bottom to top) bake for an additional 18 min. Take this time to prepare toppings (I like fresh baby portabella mushroom, peperoncini peppers, pepperoni and cheese).
After 18 min take both pizzas out of the oven and place them on the stove (remember who was on top, it matters) the bottom should be starting to brown.
About apply toppings; remember the cheese is always last, this keeps the pepperoni from cupping and rendering fat. So it's pepperoni / meat, fungi, vegetables then cheese.
I find that 8oz of cheese is enough to do both pizzas. Place the garnished pizzas back in the oven for 8-10 min remember to remember to swap positions. After the 8 min check the pizzas (use the oven window if you can) one may the done before the other (toppings melted not burnt), if it is not brown enough for your taste leave in for up to 3 more min. Even if it is a little pale it should still be crispy. Don't let the topping burn.
Note if you like your pizza well down add time equally between two bake cycles before you apply the topping. As I stated, over cooking the pizza with the toppings will cause the fat in the cheese to come out and make it very greasy.
One would think this would obvious but I take it to the extreme again.
After you take the pizzas out of the oven, use a plastic spatula (like you use to flip pancakes) around the edges if necessary and use it to help slide them onto a cutting board one at a time. It should slide out given a liberal use of olive oil. Use a pizza cutter to slice each pizza into 12 pieces (3 columns x 4 rows). Take a paper towel and run it around the empty pan to get any extra oil. Then lift the cutting board (mine is light about 3/8 inch thick and about 12in x 20 in) slide the pieces back into their pans to serve. This is done using a single sliding motion where you use hold it over the pan at an angle and slide the cutting board from the rear of the pan to the front (with the cutting board at about a 20-degree angle) simultaneously using the spatula or hand to push the pizza back into the baking pan.
Use the spatula to cut the cheese between the slices seperate (so no one gets shorted on toppings), serve.
If all is done right the pieces should be about ½ to ¾ inches thick, crispy on the bottom and it won't go limp when you pick it up.
Who else but an engineer would have gone this far.
Your oven shelf spacing may vary look at the pictures and try to approximate.
Well, if it's for science I expect I'll have to try this. Reproducing results, and all.


1 A hair bald spot treatment is not today nonsense.
A hair bald spot treatment is not today nonsense.
Being in a large city you can meet a hair bald spot treatment.
You know that Bald – means the absence of hair. Sometimes Bald is the name of the place or animal associated with the meaning of the word bald. For example, the hair bald spot treatment also has a connection with the word Bald.
Even among celebrities, one can meet a hair bald spot treatment.
If they start to get bald, they resort to various tricks: they transplant hair, drink hormones and wear wigs. Also, probably, a hair bald spot treatment may stop being bald if he wants to do it. But these are just our assumptions.


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The best way to lay out the posts is to drive stakes to mark hole locations exactly 8 ft. apart. The post thicknesses will give you the few inches of fudge factor you need to allow for variations when you're building the panels in between the posts.
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text:
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A preference to group channel windows/notices/messages by server.
Semi-related to #456 (auto-custom-sorting channels) and #552 (grouping panels by type).
i tried to use Colloquy a while ago, problem is that i have actually a very large channellist, about 30 channels in 4 networks.
it would be great to have such a feature soon, so i can give colloquy another try.


Now own a genuine prison token from Arkansas's Cummins State Farm! First issued over 75 years ago, prison tokens like these gave inmates a way to earn wages while keeping real money (which could be used for bribes) out of their hands. Issued between 1930-1960, this $1 aluminum token is now obsolete. Take advantage of this unique collecting opportunity today! Designs may vary.


She the daughter of Lawrence Mannion (b. circa 1832), a farmer, and Margaret Small (b. circa 1840), Galway natives who had married around 1865.
One of nine children, Margaret's siblings were: John (b. 7 June 1868), Thomas (b. 14 May 1870), Mary (b. 1 February 1872), Patrick (b. 31 December 1873), Ellen (b. 3 October 1876), Bridget (b. 22 February 1879), Lawrence (b. 26 November 1881) and Celia (b. 13 April 1887). The family were Roman Catholic and spoke both Irish and English.
Maggie first appears on the 1901 census living at house 10 in Loughaunboy, Castle Ffrench, Co Galway, described as a farmer's daughter and with no other stated profession. She was still at home in time for the 1911 census when she and her family were living at house 2 in Loughaunboy, again with no stated profession.
With her sister Mary and brother John already living in the USA, Margaret bought her ticket for Titanic at the nearby village of Ballygar and set off for America with a group led by Martin Gallagher of Currafurry. Thomas Kilgannon, Thomas Smyth, Margaret and her friend Ellen Mockler were all from the parish of Caltra and were persuaded to travel to America by Martin Gallagher who was visiting his family in Ireland after living in the United States for several years. Gallagher and Mannion were reportedly sweethearts.
She boarded the Titanic at Queenstown as a third class passenger (ticket number 36866 which cost £7, 14s, 9d).
After the Titanic collided with an iceberg Margaret and Ellen Mockler were assisted to the boat deck by Martin Gallagher and Tom Kilgannon and were placed in lifeboat 16. As the boat was lowered she reported seeing Martin Gallagher praying with his rosary.
Upon arrival in New York City aboard Carpathia Margaret was described as a 24-year-old domestic headed to Mrs McGinnis at 314 West 127th Street, New York. Upon recuperation she became a domestic.
Before the close of 1912 Margaret received news of the passing of her father back in Ireland who died aged 80 on 19 September 1912. Her mother later died on 4 July 1925.
Margaret spent the next seven years in New York before deciding to return home. On 25 May 1919 Margaret, described as a maid, arrived in Liverpool aboard Baltic; in turn she returned to her native Galway and would remain there for the rest of her life.
On 27 October 1919 in Caltra church Margaret married Martin Hopkins (b. 15 November 1884), a farmer also from Castle Ffrench who was the son of Francis Hopkins and the former Julia Crehan.
Margaret and her husband had three children, two sons and a daughter. The family spent the next years living in the village of Lunerton, Ballinamore Bridge in Co Galway; around 1959 they moved to Lismany, Lawrencetown, Co Galway where Margaret spent the rest of her life. She and her husband were well-known and well-liked in their community.
I was just going asleep on the third night when there was a thud and the engines stopped. Panic set in and as we tried to run down the corridors sailors were firing shots in the air. Lifeboats were lowered as the waters rushed in as children and women were helped onto the boats. Some men tried to get on but were stopped by sailors. It was pure mayhem.
Widowed on 18 March 1966, Margaret remained in Lawrencetown where she died on 15 May 1970 aged 86. Following a Requiem Mass at Clontuskert Church, she was buried in Chapelfinnerty Cemetery, Kilglass, Co Galway.
Date as per birth registration; often cited as 1 November 1883.
Tuam Herald, 23 May 1970, Titanic Survivor Dies--Mrs Margaret Hopkins, Lawrencetown.