text:
Tag: Yemen
Military, Policy, War
The Gap Between the Ground and the Sky: How Cluster Bomb Production in America Came to an End in 2016
Mexico halts migrant caravan, deports hundreds to Honduras January 22, 2020
Mexico's government said on Tuesday that it largely halted a caravan of undocumented Central Americans migrants who waded across a river into Mexico, and says others who attempt to enter the country illegally will face the same consequences.
Italy's Di Maio to step down as leader of 5-star movement on Wednesday: source January 22, 2020
Italy's Luigi di Maio will step down as leader of the co-ruling 5-Star Movement on Wednesday, a senior 5-Star source said.
Hong Kong commerce secretary says city on high alert to deal with coronavirus January 22, 2020
The Hong Kong government is on high alert to deal with a new flu-like coronavirus that has killed nine people in mainland China, the city's commerce secretary, Edward Yau, told Reuters at the World Economic Forum in Davos on Wednesday.
Saudi involved in hacking of Amazon boss Bezos' phone, U.N. report will say January 22, 2020
Two UN officials will report on Wednesday that there is enough evidence suggesting that Saudi Arabia had hacked Amazon.com Inc founder Jeff Bezos' phone and both the kingdom and the United States should investigate, a person familiar with the matter said.
Cathay says cabin crew can wear masks on mainland China flights due to virus January 22, 2020
Hong Kong's Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd will allow cabin crew to wear a surgical mask while operating mainland China flights due to concerns over a new coronavirus, and passengers to Wuhan to change or cancel flights without charge through Feb. 15.
North Korea suspends foreign tourism over coronavirus fears: tour companies January 22, 2020
Several foreign tour operators said North Korea will ban foreign tourists starting Wednesday due to the spread of a new coronavirus in China, which has killed nine people and spread to several countries.


text:
Kirwani is a musical scale in Hindustani classical music. It is an Indian raga specially suited for instrumental music. The scale is the same as the harmonic minor in western music. There are shades of Pilu in Kirwani. This raga is said to have been borrowed from the Carnatic music raga Keeravani.

Arohana & Avarohana
The swaras used in this raga are:

Arohana : S R g m P d N S'

Thus: C D E-flat F G A-flat B c

Avarohana : S' N d P m g R S

Vadi & Samavadi

There is no strict Vadi-Samavadi, but Re, ga, pa and dha are important.

Pakad or Chalan
d- P- g R-- S R---, R-- g m P d P

Organization & Relationships
Related ragas: Pilu

Thaat: Kirwani cannot be fit into one of Bhatkhande's thaats;. Bhatkhande himself did not list it as such.

Time Of Singing

Samay (Time)
Madhyaratri (midnight)

Historical Information
It is "recently" taken from the musical scale Keeravani of South Indian classical music (Carnatic music). It is similar to an ancient version of Pilu

Tamil Film Songs

References

External links
Examples
 Film Songs in Rag Kirwani
 More details about raga Kirwani

Literature

.

.

.

.

Hindustani ragas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Ski Bum examines how the story of Warren Miller the ski icon diverged from the reality of Warren Miller the human. (Michael Ochs Archives/Getty)
Culture Books & Media
A New Documentary Shows Warren Miller's Darker Side
The legendary filmmaker pioneered the stoke film and helped create skiing's counterculture, but 'Ski Bum' on Discovery+ shows how his life behind the scenes was anything but easy
Heather Hansman
If you've ever sat in a crowded movie theater to see the year's greatest ski footage, you've participated in the legacy of Warren Miller. He was the progenitor of the seasonal stoke film—starting with the 1949 flick Deep and Light—and created a world that expanded far beyond the movies that bear his name. "Warren was the Beatles of the ski movie. He didn't invent it, but brought it to the masses," says skier and filmmaker Greg Stump, who directed the cult classic film Blizzard of Aahhh's and who freely admits to cribbing off Miller.
But we all know how much drama plagued the Beatles behind the scenes. Ski Bum, a new documentary that premiered last week on the streaming platform Discovery+, examines how the story of Warren Miller the ski icon diverged from the reality of Warren Miller the human. It includes some of Miller's last interviews before his death in 2018 at the age of 93 and shows how Miller pioneered the idea of being a ski bum, as well as what he lost by obsessively pursuing a life devoted to ski movies.
Parts of Miller's life are already skier lore: How he and his buddy Ward Baker lived in a Dodge Phaeton in the Sun Valley parking lot, eating rabbits they'd shot the fall before. How they bilked starlets and wealthy debutantes into taking them to dinner, or at least to the hot tub. But, as Ski Bum reveals, Miller's story is darker and more complicated than that. He grew up in an abusive household headed by an alcoholic itinerant father. The U.S. Army, and then skiing, were his routes out, but his unstable family threaded through the rest of his life. In 1952, his mother and sister, who had been helping him run his fledgling film business, stole $100,000 from the company bank account and disappeared. He never saw them again.
Around that time, in 1951, his first wife, Jean, died of spinal cancer shortly after they married and had their first child. Miller was heartbroken and broke while raising a new son on his own and trying to establish a film career. He threw himself into work, obsessively growing the business.
Skiing, at its best, seems effortless and unforced—just a graceful slide downhill. Miller's films strived to capture that frictionless fantasy. He became a character in them, too, his deep voice and dry humor narrating the adventure and encouraging skiers to scrap their boring lives and head for the hills. But under the surface, he was struggling to keep his own life together. That's where Ski Bum is most interesting.
His movies in the early 1960s show him skiing with his second wife and young children in what looks an idyllic life. Really, he was largely alone. Miller skipped out on time with his family for his workaholic commitment to his ski films. He'd be gone all winter shooting, lock himself away to edit all summer, and then go on the road in the fall to show the film. He wasn't there when his daughter, Chris, was born in 1957. His second wife eventually cheated on him and left him, exhausted by single parenting while he lived on the road.
Miller's life and career tracked the arc of skiing and vice versa. He was there in Sun Valley, one of the first ski resorts in the country, right when the sport was gathering steam. As the scope of his films grew, to encompass international destinations and spinoff TV series, so did the world of skiing. He documented the explosive growth of ski resorts in the '60s and '70s and the rise of extreme skiing in the '80s. He filmed a segment on snowmaking, and within the next few years, the technology had spread across the country.
It's not all flawless. There are parts of Miller's legacy that haven't aged well, and feel classist and sexist. He loved to make fun of gapers, and his offhand sexist comments feel both dated and gross. But largely, he captures the buzz of a growing, adventurous sport and lifestyle. His iconoclastic obsession changed both the sport of skiing and the way we skiers envision it. "It's kind of a chicken and egg, Warner Miller and the growth of skiing," says Olympic freestyle skier Jonny Moseley, who took over narrating the films after Miller stepped back. That symbiotic relationship is evident in this film.
But as sparkly as the skiing life looks, being that singly focused—he directed 38 films in total—comes with dark sides and sacrifices. Ski Bum follows another family fallout, when Miller's son Kurt and his partner took over the film company in 1989 and steered it toward corporate sponsorship and bigger ticket sales by cutting out Miller's voice and corny jokes. He was essentially pushed out by his own son. Unfortunately, the film glosses over that painful break and misses an opportunity to explore this important emotional arc. It never resolves his tense relationship with his children, even though they're interviewed and feature prominently.
That, more than anything, seems like the ski bum story. Miller was propagating the myth that you can have it all while focusing all of his energy on one thing. In his last interview, it's clear that Miller is trying to tell the story until the end. "Let them have this fantasy thing about this wonderful life I lived," he says.
Lead Photo: Michael Ochs Archives/Getty
Heather Hansman on Her New Book 'Powder Days'
By: Luke Whelan
Can Unions Save Ski Patrollers?
By: Heather Hansman
Runner-Up Review: These Powder Skis Almost Made our 2022 Winter Buyer's Guide
By: Marc Peruzzi
Approaching Outdoor Sports with Steez and Flow
By: Gloria Liu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation is a Sovereign Nation.
The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation is a federally recognized American Indian Tribe.
Today, over 9,365 descendants of 12 aboriginal tribes of Indians are enrolled in the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation. The tribes, commonly known by English and French names, are: the Colville, the Nespelem, the Sanpoil, the Lake, the Palus, the Wenatchi (Wenatchee), the Chelan, the Entiat, the Methow, the southern Okanogan, the Moses Columbia and the Nez Perce of Chief Joseph's Bands.
Prior to the influx of Canadians and Europeans in the mid-1850's the ancestors of the 12 aboriginal tribes were nomadic, following the seasons of nature and their sources of food. Their aboriginal territories were grouped primarily around waterways such as the Columbia River, the Sanpoil River, the Okanogan River, the Snake River and the Wallowa River. Many tribal ancestors traveled throughout their aboriginal territories and other areas in the Northwest (including Canada), gathering with other native peoples for traditional activities such as food harvesting, feasting, trading, and celebrations that included sports and gambling. Their lives were tied to the cycles of nature both spiritually and traditionally.
The Colville Indian Reservation was established by Presidential Executive Order in 1872 and was originally twice as large as it is today.
The Colville Indian Reservation land base covers 1.4 million acres or 2,100 square acres located in North Central Washington, primarily in Okanogan and Ferry counties. The reservation consists of tribally owned lands held in federal trust status for the Confederated Tribes, land owned by individual Colville tribal members, most of which is held in federal trust status, and land owned by others, described as fee property and taxable by counties.
Colville Reservation lands are diverse with natural resources including standing timber, streams, rivers, lakes, minerals, varied terrain, native plants and wildlife.
The Colville Indian Reservation is occupied by over 5,000 residents, both Colville tribal members and their families and other non-Colville members, living either in small communities or in rural settings. Approximately fifty percent of the Confederated Colville Tribes' membership live on or adjacent to the reservation.
The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Indian Reservation are governed by the Colville Business Council. From its administrative headquarters located at the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) Agency at Nespelem, the Colville Business Council oversees a diverse, multi-million dollar administration that employees from 800 to 1200 individuals in permanent, part- time and seasonal positions.
The Confederated Tribes operates on a yearly budget which is financed primarily from revenues generated from the sale of the Tribes timber products and from other sources including federal, state and private contributions.
The Confederated Tribes adheres to Colville Tribal Member Preference. Both Colville tribal members and non-Colville members are employed throughout its extensive governmental operation.
This governmental operation provides a variety of services for Colville tribal members living on the reservation and elsewhere, and for the management of reservation natural resources.
In addition, the Confederated Tribes have chartered its own corporation, the Colville Tribal Enterprise Corporation (CTEC), which oversees several enterprise divisions including a gaming division and three casinos. The Corporation employs several hundred permanent and part-time employees. The work force is composed primarily of Colville tribal members and non-tribal members from the communities where the enterprises are located.
Numerous chronic situations affect the daily lives of Colville tribal members such as high unemployment on the Colville Indian Reservation and lack of employment opportunities for much of the available labor force. Individuals and families suffer from the effects of extensive drug and alcohol abuse, domestic violence and crime.
In many instances, Colville Indian families are living below the national poverty standards year after year and depend on the Confederated Tribes and other welfare systems to survive.
Colville Indian Reservation communities lack adequate, affordable housing, home water systems and even electricity. Safe, usable roadways throughout the reservation are lacking as well as facilities such as modern health clinics and youth shelters.
Confederated Tribes strive to protect and enhance the quality of life for Colville tribal members and at the same time, govern as a sovereign nation.


text:
Ghana Street Children Apprenticeship Project
by marieke | Sep 10, 2018 | Story
In the last four years over 200 children have been trained in a variety of vocational skills including: dress making and tailoring, computing, hairdressing and beauty, aluminium fabrication and auto mechanics. The young people are also taught the Gospel, to show them...
Ghana Pastor Training
by Sailor Studio | Jul 20, 2018 | Story
"Many of the students expressed how much they had appreciated learning to understand the big picture of the bible and its implications for preaching and teaching ministries." In August 2016 Tony Spencer taught African Enterprise's first ever PTC course in...
Rev. Bernard Owusu Sachie's Testimony
Project Manager – African Enterprise Ghana "I actually find fulfilment when I see the needy helped, the weary strengthen and the broken heart healed." I was introduced to the Lord through the activities of Scripture Union in October 1983 when I was in the...
The Mosque Painter Who Accepted Jesus
"I want to know Jesus. I felt like a load had been lifted from my shoulders, New joy and peace had entered my heart and I knew I was born again." Ali Mohammed was a mosque painter. As a strong Muslim man, he had no interest in the Christian faith and was deeply...
Sandrine Umwiza's Testimony
"I know it was God's doing, because while in prison, I met someone who helped me to think about my life and to make a change in behavior. As soon as I was released, I started attending church." Sandrine Umwiza gave her life to Christ after the preaching on Sunday...
Glorieuse's Testimony
"As I was in church today i asked Jesus to forgive my sins. I feel so happy and so peaceful again,. I'm really so thankful to the preachers that visited our church, as they helped me to go back on the path I left many years ago." In her testimony Glorieuse says, "I...
Being Salt and light in the most difficult circumstances
At the entrance of the Buskenyi slum in Western Kampala stands Nakulabye West church of Uganda. The side walls of the church actually form one side of the slum gateway, and the back of the church overlooks the slum proper.
The Importance of Prayer in Mission: Kampala
City outreach and stratified evangelism began this morning with our team being invited to speak to the police officers in the Old Kampala Police Headquarters. The mission team arrived as the officers were completing their morning march.
Kampala: A Local Church
When AE Uganda began preparing for this mission over a year ago, they found that there were deep divisions in the local churches and some refused to work together at all. Before we could do effective outreach to the city, we first had to help heal the divisions within the churches.
Copyright © African Enterprise 2018 | Website by Sailor Studio | Privacy Policy
Congo-DRC
African Enterprise (David Ebbs)
4 Broadlands, Killiney, Co Dublin, A96 V6Y5
African Enterprise (Tom Wilson)
55 Rosemount Park, Newtownabbey, Co Antrim, BT31 0NL
ireland@aeint.org
Partner Through Giving
Prayer Support


text:
#ifndef _ASM_POWERPC_OF_DEVICE_H
#define _ASM_POWERPC_OF_DEVICE_H
#ifdef __KERNEL__

#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/of.h>

/*
 * The of_device is a kind of "base class" that is a superset of
 * struct device for use by devices attached to an OF node and
 * probed using OF properties.
 */
struct of_device
{
	struct device_node	*node;		/* to be obsoleted */
	u64			dma_mask;	/* DMA mask */
	struct device		dev;		/* Generic device interface */
};

extern struct of_device *of_device_alloc(struct device_node *np,
					 const char *bus_id,
					 struct device *parent);

extern int of_device_uevent(struct device *dev,
			    struct kobj_uevent_env *env);

#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
#endif /* _ASM_POWERPC_OF_DEVICE_H */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Red, white, blue volleyballs fly at tourney
By J.D. Leipold ARNEWS
Nov 26, 2013 at 12:01 AM Nov 26, 2013 at 5:13 PM
WASHINGTON � Gung-ho spirits were the norm as wounded-warrior athletes from the four services, U.S. Special Operations Command and the Department of Veterans Affairs clashed at the 3rd Annual Joint Services Sitting Volleyball Tournament, in recognition of Warrior Care Month.
Held in the Pentagon Athletic Club, Nov. 21, and hosted by the Office of Warrior Care Policy, the tourney showcases the services� Warrior Transition units. It also highlights the commitment of wounded, ill and injured servicemembers to their physical and mental well-being through the Military Adaptive Sports Program, begun in 2011.
Before the two final games which pitted the Marine Corps against Air Force and Army against SOCOM, acting deputy assistant secretary of defense for Warrior Care Policy, Donna Seymour, spoke about Department of Defense�s commitment to �building a ready and resilient force,� the theme for this year�s Warrior Care Month.
�Military adaptive sports facilitate stress release and it provides reconditioning and camaraderie between our veterans and our active-duty servicemembers and it improves their overall health and well-being as they adopt an added healthy lifestyle,� she said. �To date, in the last year, almost 100,000 recovering servicemembers have participated in daily activities including yoga, wheelchair basketball, cycling, track and field, strength conditioning, swimming and sitting volleyball.�
Seymour added that as confidence is built in one area such as physical competence, confidence in the emotional domain also increases.
DoD Warrior Care Policy intends to expand the number of competitive sports and allow them to be included in the annual Warrior Games. She said her office also wants to increase participation by female athletes as well as servicemembers with traumatic brain injuries and post-traumatic stress disorders.
A large crowd of supporters cheered for their services. While it was apparent to them who the amputees were on the courts, other players had wounds, illnesses or injuries that were not so obvious. regardless of how they came to be members of their service�s team, one element all players had in common was their own brand of resilience and fortitude.
Air Force Staff Sgt. Melissa Garcia, 27, was deployed to Spain when one day in January she was diagnosed with breast cancer and returned to her home station at Davis Monthan Air Force Base in Tucson, Ariz.
After seeing an oncologist, she opted for surgery, having her lymph nodes removed, coupled with four rounds of chemotherapy and six weeks of radiation every day. So far, Garcia said, she seems to have beaten the cancer, which never got her down.
�There was nothing I could do about it and I�m the type of person who takes things as they come at me,� said Garcia who serves as a medic. �I have a husband and seven-year-old daughter, and I thought it was important for me to show her that I could be strong even when I was sick.�
Garcia was invited by the Air Force to its three-day adaptive sports camp in Las Vegas, which she jumped at. Taking a three-day break from radiation that upset her doctor, Garcia said she wasn�t going to pass on the opportunity.
�Sports are my passion and playing in this tournament brings a sense of togetherness for all the services, because yes, each branch takes care of their own wounded warriors, but when we come here and play against each other, (there�s) real awareness of togetherness.�
Spc. Samuel Walley lost his right leg and left arm to a remote-controlled improvised explosive device in Kandahar, Afghanistan in June 2012. He said there he didn�t have time to be depressed or sad, except for when he was worried about his buddies.
As a member of the Warrior Transition Unit at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Md., he said when he meets people at Walter Reed, they talk like the patients are depressed and sad. �But if they could hang around for a bit, I think they�d realize we�re just the opposite, we�re basically the same people we were.�
Walley plans to continue in the Army after he�s through therapy and is found fit for duty again. Meanwhile he loves playing on the sitting volleyball team, especially the physical fitness part of it.
�There are a lot of things by having two limbs missing that I can�t do just going to the gym, but this really gives me a good cardio workout. That�s the main portion of it, and also because I�m competitive in nature, so I love getting out here and competing with the other branches,� he said.
While Brent Petersen hasn�t served in the military, he�s has been coaching the Marine Corps sitting volleyball team for three years and the Marines keep asking him back. He knows all his players� stories. Recently he was talking to one of his guys who kept resisting doing something productive, but eventually he came around and started volleyball and now he�s surfing and doing all sorts of things that before he didn�t even want to try.
�Adaptive sports revalidates these guys, and rather than a disability, I call it a reability because they�re re-enabling their bodies to do something different and it puts them back into a unit, back onto a team and gives them hope for the next day,� he said. �Hopefully it encourages them to encourage others to be ambassadors in helping get guys out of the darkness.�
In the double-elimination battle, the Navy was knocked out of the final competition for the trophy, which the Marine Corps team in red won by defeating Air Force in blue in two of three games. Army in black was upended by SOCOM in white for third-place honors.


Features 28.5 mm case, three-hand movement, 50 M water resistant.
Gold-Toned Stainless steel case and bracelet. White dial with gold hr.
markers. Push button release clasp and a date window. Seiko box.
Give the gift of a Seiko when the time & occasion really matters.
Delivery from date of a custom logo watches order is 4 weeks.


Although in a direct quotation from a source the wording should be reproduced exactly, certain changes to punctuation, capitalization, and spelling are generally allowed when needed to make a passage fit into the syntax and typography of the surrounding text.
This month's workout centers on section 13.7 of CMOS 16, "Permissible Changes to Punctuation, Capitalization, and Spelling." Of course, any change to a quotation of someone else's work must be made with extreme care. Even advanced editors might wish to take a look at section 13.7 of CMOS before answering the questions.
Note: These questions are designed to test knowledge of The Chicago Manual of Style. Other style guides may have different rules and guidelines.
1. Quotations from sources should be edited for consistency in spelling, hyphenation, and capitalization so that they are consistent with the main text.
2. Single quotation marks may be changed to double, and double to single, to accommodate quotes within quotes.
3. The initial letter of a quotation may be changed to uppercase or lowercase.
4. The final period of a quoted passage may be omitted or changed to a comma if required to fit into the sentence containing the quotation.
5. In older works, idiosyncrasies of spelling are generally preserved.
6. Original note reference marks (and the notes to which they refer) may be omitted unless omission would affect the meaning of the quotation.
7. Authors may add note references of their own within quotations.
8. Typographic errors in the original source must be preserved in a quotation.
9. Spelling and punctuation may be modernized or altered for clarity if readers are informed in a note, in a preface, or elsewhere.
10. Quoted passages from works containing archaic spellings and odd punctuation may be quietly modernized for readability.
Photo: Miss Susanne Lenglen [photographer unknown], George Arents Collection, New York Public Library. New York Public Library Digital Collections, accessed February 16, 2017.


text:
from __future__ import with_statement

import random
import re
import sys
from nlputil import *
from process_article_data import *

"""
We want to randomly permute the articles and then reorder the articles
in the dump file accordingly.  A simple algorithm would be to load the
entire dump file into memory as huge list, permute the list randomly,
then write the results.  However, this might easily exceed the memory
of the computer.  So instead, we split the task into chunks, proceeding
as follows, keeping in mind that we have the list of article names
available in a separate file:

1. The dump consists of a prolog, a bunch of articles, and an epilog.
2. (The 'permute' step:) Take the full list of articles, permute randomly
   and output again.
3. (The 'split' step:) Split the dump into pieces, of perhaps a few GB each,
   the idea being that we can sort each piece separately and concatenate the
   results. (This is the 'split' step.) The idea is that we first split the
   permuted list of articles into some number of pieces (default 8), and
   create a mapping listing which split each article goes in; then we create
   a file for each split; then we read through the dump file, and each time we
   find an article, we look up its split and write it to the corresponding
   split file.  We also write the prolog and epilog into separate files.
   Note that in this step we have effectively done a rough sort of the
   articles by split, preserving the original order within each split.
4. (The 'sort' step:) Sort each split.  For each split, we read the permuted
   article list into memory to get the proper order, then we read the entire
   split into memory and output the articles in the order indicated in the
   article list.
5. Concatenate the results.

Note that this might be a perfect task for Hadoop; it automatically does
the splitting, sorting and merging.

"""

all_articles = []

def read_article_data(filename):
  def process(art):
    all_articles.append(art)

  infields = read_article_data_file(filename, process,
                                    maxtime=Opts.max_time_per_stage)
  return infields

def write_permutation(infields):
  random.shuffle(all_articles)
  errprint("Writing combined data to stdout ...")
  write_article_data_file(sys.stdout, outfields=infields,
                          articles=all_articles)
  errprint("Done.")

def break_up_xml_dump(infile):
  prolog = ''
  inpage = False
  for x in infile:
    if re.match('.*<page>', x):
      thispage = [x]
      inpage = True
      break
    else:
      prolog += x

  if prolog:
    yield ('prolog', prolog)

  thisnonpage = ''
  for x in infile:
    if inpage:
      if re.match('.*</page>', x):
        inpage = False
        thispage.append(x)
        thisnonpage = ''
        yield ('page', ''.join(thispage))
      else:
        thispage.append(x)
    else:
      if re.match('.*<page>', x):
        if thisnonpage:
          yield ('nonpage', thisnonpage)
        thispage = [x]
        inpage = True
      else:
        thisnonpage += x
  if inpage:
    warning("Saw <page> but no </page>")
  if thisnonpage:
    yield ('epilog', thisnonpage)

def get_id_from_page(text):
  m = re.match('(?s).*?<id>(.*?)</id>', text)
  if not m:
    warning("Can't find ID in article; beginning of article text follows:")
    maxlen = min(100, len(text))
    errprint(text[0:maxlen])
    return -1
  id = m.group(1)
  try:
    id = int(id)
  except ValueError:
    print "Exception when parsing %s, assumed non-int" % id
    return -1
  return id

def split_files(infields, split_prefix, num_splits):
  errprint("Generating this split article-table files...")
  splits = {}
  num_arts = len(all_articles)
  splitsize = (num_arts + num_splits - 1) // num_splits
  for i in xrange(num_splits):
    minval = i * splitsize
    maxval = min(num_arts, (i + 1) * splitsize)
    outarts = []
    for j in xrange(minval, maxval):
      art = all_articles[j]
      splits[art.id] = i
      outarts.append(art)
    with open("%s.%s.articles" % (split_prefix, i), 'w') as outfile:
      write_article_data_file(outfile, outfields=infields, articles=outarts)

  # Clear the big array when we're done with it
  del all_articles[:]

  splitfiles = [None]*num_splits
  for i in xrange(num_splits):
    splitfiles[i] = open("%s.%s" % (split_prefix, i), 'w')

  errprint("Splitting the dump....")
  status = StatusMessage("article")
  for (type, text) in break_up_xml_dump(sys.stdin):
    if type == 'prolog':
      with open("%s.prolog" % split_prefix, 'w') as prolog:
        prolog.write(text)
    elif type == 'epilog':
      with open("%s.epilog" % split_prefix, 'w') as epilog:
        epilog.write(text)
    elif type == 'nonpage':
      warning("Saw non-page text %s" % text)
    else:
      id = get_id_from_page(text)
      if id not in splits:
        warning("Can't find article %s in article data file" % id)
      else:
        splitfiles[splits[id]].write(text)
    if status.item_processed(maxtime=Opts.max_time_per_stage):
      errprint("Interrupting processing")
      break

def sort_file():
  all_pages = {}
  for (type, text) in break_up_xml_dump(sys.stdin):
    if type != 'page':
      warning("Shouldn't see type '%s' in split file: %s" % (type, text))
    else:
      id = get_id_from_page(text)
      all_pages[id] = text
  for art in all_articles:
    text = all_pages.get(art.id, None)
    if text is None:
      warning("Didn't see article ID %s in XML file"  % art.id)
    else:
      sys.stdout.write(text)

############################################################################
#                                  Main code                               #
############################################################################

class PermuteWikipediaDumpProgram(NLPProgram):
  def populate_options(self, op):
    op.add_option("-a", "--article-data-file",
                  help="""File containing all the articles.""")
    op.add_option("-s", "--number-of-splits", type='int', default=8,
                  help="""Number of splits.""")
    op.add_option("--split-prefix", help="""Prefix for split files.""")
    op.add_option("-m", "--mode", type='choice',
                  default=None, choices=['permute', 'split', 'sort'],
                  help="""Format of evaluation file(s).  Default '%default'.""")

  def handle_arguments(self, opts, op, args):
    global Opts
    Opts = opts
    self.need('mode')
    self.need('article_data_file')
    if opts.mode == 'split':
      self.need('split_prefix')

  def implement_main(self, opts, params, args):
    infields = read_article_data(opts.article_data_file)
    if opts.mode == 'permute':
      write_permutation(infields)
    elif opts.mode == 'split':
      split_files(infields, opts.split_prefix, opts.number_of_splits)
    elif opts.mode == 'sort':
      sort_file()

PermuteWikipediaDumpProgram()


Invention Factory, an innovative summer undergraduate program started by professors Alan Wolf and Eric Lima in 2013, is expanding to Indian Institute of Technology in Gandhinagar, India in addition running at the Cooper Union and Syracuse University.
Initially funded by Edward Durbin's (EE '48) Dean's discretionary gift of $75,000 when Wolf was acting dean of the School of Engineering, the program will run for the sixth year at Cooper this summer, with almost no changes since the first year it was initiated.
Invention Factory is a program that strives to provide an innovative space for mostly underclassmen, who lack accelerated programs and opportunities as most are targeted for graduating seniors elsewhere. Invention Factory also strengthens students' communication skills, as they have to give the same pitch every week to different audiences, and have to file a provisional patent through technical writing.
Because Invention Factory invites guest speakers, it lets its inventors engage with the outside community. During the expansion to Syracuse last year, one of the guest evaluators happened to be a Syracuse and IIT alumnus. Amazed by the student performances, he also visited Invention Factory in Cooper Union, and expressed that he wanted to bring it to IIT.
IIT, a "more selective MIT of India", will be holding an Invention Factory this summer in their Gandhinagar campus, funded by four IIT alumni. Because most classes at IIT are theory-based, there will also be a "warm-up" session beforehand to familiarize students with machines, programs, and tools. Although the number of women in engineering is even lower in India, the program will also push for a 50/50 split in the program, just like in the United States.
There will be 4 Invention Factories running this Summer (Cooper Union, Syracuse for NYC, Syracuse Campus, and IIT), with a total of 40 inventions. Due to the variety of campuses at IIT, the Invention Factories there have the potential to go many different ways. Wolf believes that as Invention Factory expands world-wide, it ultimately helps the Cooper Union, where the program started. They are also considering adding an optional Entrepreneurship sessions in the following years, to help students who would like to move forward with their inventions.


If you are an artist who wants to create a portfolio including high quality copies of your work, taking photographs of your pieces will often be the best solution. You may also want to do this for insurance reasons, or as an alternative to scanning so you can create reproductions of your work.
It often works out a lot cheaper for artists to invest in good quality camera equipment and take on the task themselves rather than hiring a professional to do the job, and this also allows for greater flexibility. If you want to take this route, you will need to follow these steps and consider several factors.
Firstly, this approach will only work if you're willing to invest in a good quality SLR camera. A digital model (DSLR) will be the easiest and most effective option for the majority of users, especially artists who are not professional photographers. Film cameras are a good alternative for more traditional artists, but only then you know exactly what you're doing.
If your camera lens has the ability to zoom in a greater distance when you stand further away from the subject, this will be better for taking pictures of artwork because it minimises the fish-eye effect and makes the photo appear more flat.
If you want to use natural lighting it is perfectly acceptable to shoot your artwork outside or using sunlight from a clear window. Artificial light may be more reliable but you will have to invest in a good quality, pure white light to get good results. Don't use the flash on your camera because it is likely to create inconsistent lighting and will often be too bright for this purpose.
When taking photographs of art, sharpness is a high priority. You will be able to get good results on a typical Canon or Nikon DSLR, but only more expensive lenses will get great results that completely minimise graininess or softness in your images. If you need to step up the photo quality then you will have to consider investing in a premium lens, assuming you are already doing everything you can with stability and good lighting.
It is vital that you aim to get your artwork completely flat and in the centre of the shot, while keeping your camera completely stable. The ideal way to do this is hanging your artwork on a black velvet background and using a tripod to take the picture.
Post-production will usually be necessary to get the best results. Usually you will need to crop your image to the right shape and size at the very least. In the area you plan to crop out, place a ruler and a contrast scale (starting with a white square and going through tones of grey to black). These will then be in your photo when you come to the editing stage which makes it easier to judge scale, brightness and contrast accurately.


The objective of this study was to develop a lattice optimization tool to assist the loading pattern optimization of the HOLTEC SMR-160. Due to the use of cruciform control blades in the HOLTEC SMR-160 assembly design for controlling reactivity, a non-uniform pin enrichment distribution must be implemented. A non-uniform pin enrichment distribution helps mitigate the heterogeneity in the moderator distribution, allowing the lattice to have a flatter pin power shape. The optimization of the enrichment distribution within a lattice is a tedious yet important task to reduce high pin peak powers in full core simulations. The Standard Lattice Optimization Tool with Heuristics (SLOTH) was developed to automate the lattice enrichment optimization process while still allowing the user to have full control over the desired properties of the lattice (e.g. lattice average enrichment and burnable absorber distribution). It utilizes a local search algorithm in which the enrichment is incremented to minimize the pin peak power. Sensitivity studies indicate that the number of pins incremented at each iteration can be increased to five to ten pins without negatively impacting results. This allows SLOTH to optimize a lattice in approximately 90-150 minutes. Time is a key component in order for SLOTH to be an effective tool to assist in LP optimization. A heuristic biasing feature was included in SLOTH which allows the user to control the location of the pin peak power. This feature can be effective at gaining margin to thermal-hydraulic limits in instances where certain geometrical locations within the lattice are more likely to violate thermal-hydraulic limits than others. This feature was shown to be more effective in lattices with burnable absorbers, reducing pin peak power is specified locations by as much as 12.4% (using a 10% bias), compared to lattices without burnable absorbers.


BACKGROUND: Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the cardiovascular system. The deficiency of CSE in mice leads to a decreased endogenous H2S level, an age-dependent increase in blood pressure, and impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. To date, there is no direct evidence for a causative role of altered metabolism of endogenous H2S in atherosclerosis development. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six-week-old CSE gene knockout and wild-type mice were fed with either a control chow or atherogenic paigen-type diet for 12 weeks. Plasma lipid profile and homocysteine levels, blood pressure, oxidative stress, atherosclerotic lesion size in the aortic roots, cell proliferation, and adhesion molecule expression were then analyzed. CSE-knockout mice fed with atherogenic diet developed early fatty streak lesions in the aortic root, elevated plasma levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hyperhomocysteinemia, increased lesional oxidative stress and adhesion molecule expression, and enhanced aortic intimal proliferation. Treatment of CSE-knockout mice with NaHS, but not N-acetylcysteine or ezetimibe, inhibited the accelerated atherosclerosis development. Double knockout of CSE and apolipoprotein E gene expression in mice exacerbated atherosclerosis development more than that in the mice with only apolipoprotein E or CSE knockout. CONCLUSIONS: Endogenously synthesized H2S protects vascular tissues from atherogenic damage by reducing vessel intimal proliferation and inhibiting adhesion molecule expression. Decreased endogenous H2S production predisposes the animals to vascular remodeling and early development of atherosclerosis. The CSE/H2S pathway is an important therapeutic target for protection against atherosclerosis.


aclu | Help Change The World. The Future Of The County Is Now.
Published October 22, 2018 at 404 × 184 in ACLU joins students' challenge to PGCPS System's summer school tuition prices as real Corruption Kicks in.


text:
I've noticed recently that a lot of people seem not to entirely understand the idea of purchasing fonts or images with a license, and I suspect they find the idea intimidating. It's not surprising, since it's a bit different from purchasing a toaster or a book, and not something most people do every day.
To help clear up this confusion we've rewritten our full EULA (end user license agreement) to include not only the legalistic text of the license itself, but also colored sections which clarify and explain in some detail typical acceptable and unacceptable uses under the license to answer user questions in advance.
The basic idea of a license ought to be easy to understand. While we retain copyright and ownership of our fonts and images, when you buy them we give you a license which includes permission to use those images and fonts within certain parameters defined in the license. Some users get confused because of a superficial similarity with renting something and conclude that this means that there are additional secondary fees, but our licenses are based on a one-time payment and as long as you remain within the terms of the license there are no additional charges. So you pay for the license and as long as you have it you can use the item you bought in the ways it allows.
For example, with a font you CAN:
Create text and titles in a publication.
Design logos or business stationery.
Use in posters or merchandise packaging.
Make on-screen titles in movie, video or game production.
Design graphics for publication, online viewing or display in a program interface
But you CANNOT:
Embed a font in a computer or console game or other software.
Resell or redistribut the font to secondary users.
Use the font in the creation of a secondary form of reproduction like rubber stamps, letter stickers or transfer media.
And with an image you CAN:
Use for illustrations in a publication or media presentation.
Use for designing logos or business stationery.
Inclusion as part of an original work of art like a collage.
Use for personal reference or display by the end user.
Resell the image in digital format.
Use the image in publishing prints, postcards or calendars.
Use ithe image to create a secondary form of reproduction like rubber stamps, stickers or transfer media.
The idea of all of this is to make our products useful to you, while also retaining their value to us and to other users. The license protects our rights, but also protects you by clearly defining what you can do with our products and including in those terms the vast majority of typical uses. If the license doesn't cover the use you have in mind, we may have a special license to cover that use and you should contact us to discuss it.
And also be aware of this important provision in the EULA which exists to protect us and you: "Because this is a software purchase and the product is available for immediate download, the merchandise is non-returnable and we cannot provide a refund, credit or exchange. We will make every effort to make sure you receive your purchase in a timely manner and will provide a reasonable number of replacement attempts if there are delivery problems."
So when you're placing an order and the screen asks you to sign off on the license, I hope that the new version of the license, with the explanatory sections will help remove any ambiguity and answer any questions.
Born in 1968, Peter Nevins has been striving, since then, to make elegant but unpretentious works of all kinds.
His posters and paintings play off of one another, bringing a fine art element to the one, and a strong design element to the other, respectively.
All of Peter's fonts were developed using pen and ink and honed over time before being commited to the digital format.
His current favorite color is olive green and his favorite animal is his sweetheart, Tara.
Our collection of fonts from Peter Nevins includes three original designs: Nevins Hand, Nevins Avant and Exotique. All three show an Art Nouveau influence. Nevins Hand is a rough, hand-drawn printing style with block serifs and an Art Nouveau or Arts and Crafts shape to the characters. Nevins Avant is in the tradition of Art Nouveau sans-serif poster lettering. Exotique is the most unusual of the fonts, with a truly unique look, reminiscent of the lettering of Alphons Mucha, but with a more sinister attitude.
All of our new Nevins fonts are available singly at a special introductory price of $15 each, or as part of a complete package with all three fonts for $39. You can order by phone from 1-800-797-8973 or you can purchase the single fonts or the whole package online and get quick email delivery. Just CLICK HERE
David Nalle is the founder of The Scriptorium and is our lead designer of original fonts and adapter of historical source material. Dave got his start in calligraphy when he was a child, studying old manuscripts and duplicating the lettering he liked. In college he paid expenses by lettering bizarre things, including signs for fraternity parties and even pledge paddles.
In 1991 Dave started designing fonts based on his own hand lettering from old magazine titles, hand lettered signs and maps. Since then he has produced scores of completely original fonts, plus a huge selection of fonts based on historic type and unique hand lettering, creating the backbone of the Scriptorium collection.
Dave now lives in Manor Texas with his wife Patricia, his daughter Caroline, two dogs, a cat, a goose and four ducks. He enjoys swimming, disc golf and tennis and teaches the occasional college history course as well.
Our collection of deisgner fonts from Dave Nalle includes three original designs: Ironworks, Ligeia and Zothique. All three fit in the category of whimsical freehand decorative lettering. Ironworks is designed to have the look of rought iron. Ligeia has a wicked, witchy look. Zothique is an extreme and quirky italic lettering style.
Each of these original Dave Nalle fonts is available singly at a special price of $15 each, or as part of a complete package with all three fonts for $39. You can order by phone from 1-800-797-8973 or you can purchase the single fonts or the whole package online and get quick email delivery. Just CLICK HERE
Nevins Hand is being offered as a featured demo font to try out for yourself. Click here to download the working trial version of Nevins Hand for either WINDOWS or MacOS


text:
Andrew Wittenberg
Climate Variability and Prediction
The El Niño / Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the Earth's dominant mode of climate variability on seasonal to interannual time scales. ENSO is a year-to-year fluctuation of sea surface temperatures (SSTs), rainfall, winds, and currents over the tropical Pacific Ocean, which affects weather, economies, and ecosystems worldwide. GFDL pursues research to better understand and predict ENSO and other seasonal-to-interannual climate variations, including their responses to global warming. Our scientists are engaged in a vigorous effort to understand and simulate ENSO, to forecast its effects on seasonal-to-interannual time scales, and to predict how its impacts may change over the coming decades.
ENSO impacts weather worldwide. It also causes weaker upwelling and altered currents, affecting marine ecosystems and fisheries, as well as shifts in rainfall, which impact terrestrial ecosystems and agriculture.
GFDL Models and Forecasts
GFDL scientists work with a hierarchy of models — ranging from simple conceptual models to high-resolution fully-coupled general circulation models — to isolate the key processes responsible for ENSO and its sensitivities to climate. Previous work focused on the role of stochastic forcings (weather) in energizing and perturbing ENSO (Vecchi et al. 2006; Gebbie et al. 2007; Zavala-Garay et al. 2010). A more recent focus has been on understanding how nonlinearities in ocean/atmosphere feedbacks generate asymmetries between warm and cold ENSO events (Choi et al. 2013; Choi et al. 2015), and using new observations and models to reassess and improve upon existing conceptual models of ENSO (Graham et al. 2014; Graham et al. 2015).
In 2005, GFDL scientists developed a new global coupled general circulation model, CM2.1 (Delworth et al. 2006). Compared to most other such models available at the time, CM2.1 produced an outstanding simulation of the tropical Pacific basin and ENSO (Wittenberg 2006; Capotondi et al. 2006; Kug et al. 2010). This model continues to shed light on the nature of ENSO, and also is used to generate seasonal forecasts — which GFDL contributes to operational efforts like the U.S. National Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME), the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Climate Center (APCC). Several components of CM2.1, including the ocean and sea ice models, were ultimately transferred to the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and incorporated into version 2 of their operational Climate Forecast System (CFS).
Increased computer power and refinements to the simulated physical processes have enabled GFDL to produce several very promising new models — CM2.5 and CM2.6 (Delworth et al. 2012), CM2.5-FLOR (Vecchi et al. 2014), and CM2.5-HiFLOR (Murakami et al. 2015). All show significant improvements in their simulations of tropical Pacific climate and ENSO, as well as in the remote impacts (teleconnections) from ENSO to the rest of the world (Jia et al. 2015; Yang et al. 2015; Krishnamurthy et al. 2015; Krishnamurthy et al. 2016; Zhang et al. 2016). New forecast systems are being developed to take advantage of these improved simulations.
ENSO Diversity and Modulation
GFDL is working to understand how ENSO has responded to past climate variations, as a guide for how it may change in the future. Wittenberg (2009) analyzed a 4000-year CM2.1 simulation with unchanging forcings, and identified a strong intrinsic modulation of ENSO — including a multidecadal waxing and waning of its amplitude — which is broadly consistent with that seen in the available instrumental and paleo-proxy (coral, tree ring, lake sediment, etc.) records.
GFDL scientists are engaged with the international scientific community in an effort to understand and simulate the full spectrum ENSO events observed in nature (Kug et al. 2010; Guilyardi et al. 2012a; Guilyardi et al. 2012b; Capotondi and Wittenberg 2013; Lee et al. 2014). Examples of this engagement include active membership within the U.S. CLIVAR Working Group on ENSO Diversity, the International CLIVAR Research Focus on ENSO in a Changing Climate, and the design team for the Tropical Pacific Observing System for 2020 (TPOS2020), among others. Major efforts include intercomparing model simulations (Capotondi et al. 2006; Guilyardi et al. 2012) and developing new methods to diagnose and improve those simulations (Guilyardi et al. 2012; Capotondi et al. 2015; Guilyardi et al. 2016), as well as evaluating the impacts of atmosphere/ocean model formulation and physical parametrizations on the simulation of the tropical Pacific and ENSO (Kim et al. 2008; Anderson et al. 2009).
ENSO Predictability and Next-generation Forecasts
GFDL is vigorously developing its ENSO models and forecast systems, to improve both the skill of its forecasts and the assessment of their uncertainties. In addition to its high-quality models, the GFDL forecast systems benefit from initialization with realistic ocean/atmosphere states, obtained through a global observational network and an advanced coupled data assimilation method that inserts observations into the model using an ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (Zhang et al. 2004; Zhang et al. 2005; Zhang et al. 2007). Work is proceeding on methods to reduce coupled model biases that can harm forecast performance; one such method is through the use of flux adjustments, which aim to improve the model climatology through minor adjustments to the surface heat and momentum fluxes over the ocean, while still retaining full global coupling of the ocean and atmosphere. Early results indicate significant improvements in both the quality of the simulated climatology and the simulated variability; whether the flux adjustments also improve the forecasts is an area of active investigation.
A recent focus of GFDL research has been to assess the fundamental predictability of ENSO. Wittenberg et al. (2014) examined the predictability of extreme-ENSO epochs, and found that even small perturbations can disrupt them — suggesting that they may emerge by chance, and without decadal-scale predictability. Additional work by Karamperidou et al. (2014) indicates that while the predictability of CM2.1's ENSO can vary from decade to decade, these variations are rather small. Current efforts are focusing on the predictability of different flavors of ENSO events, using advanced statistical techniques (Chen et al., in prep).
GFDL is actively engaged in multi-institutional efforts to assess how the various components of the global observing system contribute to seasonal-to-interannual forecast skill (Sun et al. 2007; Xue et al., in prep). Future work will aim to use the forecasts themselves as indicators of the sources of model climatological biases, by tracking the time-evolution of these biases to help isolate the responsible processes.
ENSO in a Changing Climate
A major focus of GFDL research has been understanding the impact of radiative forcings on tropical Pacific climate and ENSO (Wittenberg 2002; Vecchi et al. 2006; Xie et al. 2010; DiNezio et al. 2012; Knutson et al. 2013; Knutson et al. 2014). Work co-authored by GFDL scientists (DiNezio et al. 2012) showed that when driven by estimates of future greenhouse gas increases, most climate simulations over the next several decades generate competing changes in the coupled feedbacks that amplify ENSO — leading to relatively little net change in the amplitude of ENSO itself, although the underlying ENSO mechanisms do change. Recent review articles (Vecchi and Wittenberg 2010; Collins et al. 2010; Capotondi et al. 2015 Wittenberg 2015), also co-authored by GFDL scientists, summarized the state of the science on how ENSO varies intrinsically, and how it responds to climate change. GFDL has contributed heavily to community-wide assessments, including the IPCC assessment reports. For example, GFDL contributed many terabytes of simulation data, from several of its coupled GCMs, to the Fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). GFDL scientists were also contributing authors to the Working Group I report of the IPCC Fifth Assessment (AR5), which synthesized results from worldwide research on the ENSO response to projected climate changes.
Tropical climate change: Future changes in tropical surface temperatures (°C, top) and rainfall (%, bottom), based on a 5-member ensemble-mean change over 2000-2050 from a CM2.1 simulation forced with SRES scenario A1B. The strongest warming is expected over land. The equatorial Pacific is also expected to see enhanced warming, with substantial increases in both the amount and interannual variability of rainfall. From Xie et al. (2010).
These results suggest that to understand the future of ENSO, it may be essential to understand how ENSO has behaved in the past. GFDL scientists are therefore working to improve understanding of paleo proxy records, and how they can be used to estimate the climate and variability of the equatorial Pacific over the last millennium (Emile-Geay et al. 2013a; Emile-Geay et al. 2013b; McGregor et al. 2013). A related effort is simulating the tropical Pacific response to past orbital forcings (Erb et al. 2015).
The interannual variations of ENSO are known to interact with longer-term climate changes in the tropical Pacific ocean and atmosphere. Work by GFDL researchers is helping to illuminate both how ENSO affects the climatological background state (Watanabe and Wittenberg 2012; Watanabe et al. 2012; Ogata et al. 2013; Delworth et al. 2015) and how that background state affects ENSO (Wittenberg 2002; DiNezio et al. 2012; Wittenberg 2015; Atwood et al., in prep).
U.S. CLIVAR Working Group on ENSO Diversity
International CLIVAR ENSO Task Team
El Niño Figures
Improved simulation of tropical cyclone responses to ENSO in the western north Pacific in the high-resolution GFDL HiFLOR coupled climate model (Zhang et al. 2016)
Impact of strong ENSO on regional tropical cyclone activity in a high-resolution climate model in the North Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans (Krishnamurthy et al. 2016)
Low-frequency variations of ENSO (Wittenberg et al. 2015)
Understanding ENSO diversity (Capotondi et al. 2015)
Reassessing conceptual models of ENSO (Graham et al. 2015)
The seasonality of the Great Plains Low-Level Jet and ENSO relationship (Krishnamurthy et al. 2015)
Seasonal predictability of extratropical storm tracks in GFDL's high-resolution climate prediction model (Yang et al. 2015)
Improved seasonal prediction of temperature and precipitation over land in a high-resolution GFDL climate model (Jia et al. 2015)
Climate model biases and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) simulation (Capotondi et al. 2015)
Nonlinear zonal wind response to ENSO in the CMIP5 models: Roles of the zonal and meridional shift of the ITCZ/SPCZ and the simulated climatological precipitation (Choi et al. 2015)
Simulation and prediction of category 4 and 5 hurricanes in the high-resolution GFDL HiFLOR coupled climate model (Murakami et al. 2015)
Response of the equatorial Pacific seasonal cycle to orbital forcing (Erb et al. 2015)
A link between the hiatus in global warming and North American drought (Delworth et al. 2015)
ENSO modulation: Is it decadally predictable? (Wittenberg et al. 2014)
Effectiveness of the Bjerknes stability index in representing ocean dynamics (Graham et al. 2014)
Spring persistence, transition and resurgence of El Niño (Lee et al. 2014)
Intrinsic modulation of ENSO predictability viewed through a local Lyapunov lens (Karamperidou et al. 2014)
On the seasonal forecasting of regional tropical cyclone activity (Vecchi et al. 2014)
Multimodel assessment of extreme annual-mean warm anomalies during 2013 over regions of Australia and the western tropical Pacific (Knutson et al. 2014)
ENSO diversity in climate models (Capotondi and Wittenberg 2013)
Estimating Central Equatorial Pacific SST Variability over the Past Millennium. Part II: Reconstructions and Implications (Emile-Geay et al. 2013b)
Estimating Central Equatorial Pacific SST Variability over the Past Millennium. Part I: Methodology and Validation (Emile-Geay et al. 2013a)
Inferred changes in El Niño-Southern Oscillation variance over the past six centuries (McGregor et al. 2013)
ENSO Transition, Duration and Amplitude asymmetries: Role of the nonlinear wind stress coupling in a conceptual model (Choi et al. 2013)
Interdecadal Amplitude Modulation of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Its Impact on Tropical Pacific Decadal Variability (Ogata et al. 2013)
Multi-Model Assessment of Regional Surface Temperature Trends: CMIP3 and CMIP5 20th Century Simulations (Knutson et al. 2013)
Simulated Climate and Climate Change in the GFDL CM2.5 High-Resolution Coupled Climate Model (Delworth et al. 2012)
New Strategies for Evaluating ENSO Processes in Climate Models (Guilyardi et al. 2012)
Uncertainty in the ENSO amplitude change from the past to the future (Watanabe et al. 2012)
A method for disentangling El Niño-mean state interaction (Watanabe and Wittenberg 2012)
Mean Climate Controls on the Simulated Response of ENSO to Increasing Greenhouse Gases (DiNezio et al.2012)


I was in a room with the happiest person in the world!
On May 15th I attended the "Change your Mind, Change the World" conference in Madison. "Thought leaders" from around the world discussed how economics, environments, and healthcare combine to make the world a happier, healthier place. The honored guest was the Dalai Lama, who indeed seems like a very happy person. He and many Buddhist monks practice mindful meditation on a regular basis, for hours at a time. Matthieu Ricard, a French Buddhist monk and a protege of the Dali Lama also attended the conference.
This year he was deemed by scientists to have scored "off the charts" in regard to his left pre-frontal cortex activity, "giving the monk a huge capacity for happiness." Since most of us do not have the luxury of having a few hours each day to meditate, it was indeed good news to hear that recent research has shown that even 15 minutes a day of meditating can show positive results in regard to positive health and well-being.


Did you know that 23% of 9th graders have carried a weapon to school recently? According to the US Justice Department, one out of three kids will be offered or sold drugs at school while one out of four kids is bullied either mentally or physically every day. Do we really know what happens to our kids when they leave the safety of our homes to go to school?
Unfortunately, bullying and child violence have become quite common themes in every school across the country, and outside the US as well.
Dr. Jay Carter and myself have written a book, and run a web site, that helps parents, teachers, and kids learn the skills they need to deal with bullies and low self-esteem. On this journey, we've encountered many sad stories that are all too real.
One that really stands out in my mind, and heart, is in the form of a letter written by a woman in IL. She starts out by thanking me for writing my book and wishing she would've had it for her son, Ricky, 5 years earlier.
Ricky was tormented every day at school by his "bullies." He was an asthmatic, and continually his classmates would take his inhaler medication from him to spray on themselves, in the air - essentially wasting it. This went on until one cold day in December, 1994, that has left his mother devastated. Ricky was found dead at school. He died of an asthma attack. His inhaler, found empty.
This is only one of many depressing stories. We've all had bad experiences to some degree that seem to be too close to home. But what can we do?
One of the things that Dr. Carter and myself did to bring awareness was in collaboration with NBC10 News out of Philadelphia. At a local middle school, we hid 5 cameras in a classroom of 8th graders. Only one child, Jonathan, was in on our "sting" operation. He played the role of a bully while wearing a wire microphone. We then hid in a nearby classroom and monitored his classmates reactions as he proceeded to harass them. He harassed them with the arrogance that only a bully knows. We had him making fun of people, pushing and shoving, and giving off a real "I'm the only all important one" attitude!
The reactions varied as you can imagine. They were about as different as every child's personality. Some moved out of his way, timid and frightened, while others stood up for themselves screaming, "Get some manners!" One girl smacked him in the forehead! But we were also touched by the concern of many. We listened as they approached the teacher and expressed concern for Jonathan's behavior. They felt he must really be hurting inside to be taking out so much frustration on them.
Bullies really do have low self-esteem. If there is something about themselves they don't like, they feel that by putting you down, and teasing you, they are distracting from their own problems. Bullies are also angry. Most likely they were also bullied at some point. We call this the "Bully Cycle." Also in question would be the negative influence of peers, caretakers who may have abused or enabled them, and exposure to violence in the media.
What can the victim do about his/her bully? Try confronting them and telling them how they are making you feel. "What did I do to you?" In many situations ignoring has the best results. If the bully no longer gets a reaction out of you, he/she will usually move on. It is no longer any fun. But what about the bully who is very abusive or violent? Make sure the school knows what is going on, and if they are unwilling to get involved, you need to contact the bully's parents. This type of bully should be avoided at all costs. Traveling to school in a group, and staying away from empty buildings are other wise options.
I'm sure you'll all agree that both the victims and bullies need help and support. Teach them that their actions have consequences. Instill in them the Rules for Fighting Fair: Identify the problem. Focus on the problem. Attack the problem, not the person. Listen with an open mind. Treat a person's feelings with respect. And finally - Take responsibility for your actions.
Let's all do our part to help prevent the children of our future from becoming "statistics."


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Advancing Cancer Research
FOUR SEASONS OF PROGRESS
Four Seasons is committed to supporting both local efforts and broader campaigns whose goal is the eradication of cancer. Through the collective efforts of the company's hotels worldwide, Four Seasons annually raises significant funds and awareness for cancer research.
Featured Initiative
Marathon of Hope Continues Around the World
For more than 30 years, Four Seasons has been deeply committed to the cause of advancing cancer research.
Supporting Cancer Research and the Parkway Run in Philadelphia
For staff at Four Seasons Hotel Philadelphia, the last Sunday in the month of September marks a very important event. Every year on this particular day, Four Seasons employees – alongside thousands of Philadelphians – dust off their running shoes for the annual Parkway Run/Family Fun Walk.
More About charitable donations, community events, fundraising, healthcare
The Terry Fox Marathon of Hope Continues in Doha
Terry Fox is long remembered for his brave marathon across Canada to raise money for cancer research. Although his story began in Canada, his name and spirit lives on around the world.
More About community events, fundraising, healthcare, volunteering
Running for Pediatric Cancer Care in Boston
Boston is known for the Marathon, but there's another race that's near and dear to the City's heart. For the past 25 years, Four Seasons Hotel Boston has hosted the Run of Hope to raise funds for pediatric cancer care at Massachusetts General Hospital for Children.
More About community events, fundraising, healthcare
Running for Gus in Chicago
Gus Evangelides passed away from a malignant brain tumour just before his second birthday in April, 1995 but his story has remained in the minds and hearts of the community.
More About charitable donations, fundraising, healthcare
Honouring Terry Fox in London
Since 2008, Four Seasons Hotel Hampshire has partnered with its sister hotels, Four Seasons Hotel London at Park Lane and Four Seasons Hotel London at Canary Wharf, to host an annual Terry Fox Run.
Drive Fore the Cure is a Swinging Success in Washington
A swinging golf club can be a powerful weapon, especially when used to raise money to advance cancer research. That's why for the past decade, Four Seasons Hotel Washington, DC has been organizing "Drive Fore the Cure," an annual golf tournament to raise money for Washington Cancer Institute.
Supporting Cancer Research in Singapore
It began as a small event with only 300 runners but 17 years later, the Run for Hope in Singapore (formerly organised as the Terry Fox Run) has grown into an annual community affair with close to 6,500 participants.
Run for Hope Makes its Mark in Macau
When Four Seasons Hotel Macao opened in 2008, it hit the ground running – literally – to help advance cancer research. The Hotel hosts an annual Run for Hope for the community and participants can choose from a 5-kilometre running course or a 3-kilometre friendly walk.
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text:
Le théorème d'extinction d'Ewald–Oseen exprime l'extinction du faisceau de lumière entrant dans un milieu diélectrique par l'émission dipolaire induite par ce faisceau. Il a été énoncé par Paul Peter Ewald pour les cristaux en 1912 et Carl Wilhelm Oseen pour les matériaux isotropes en 1915.

Propagation d'un faisceau dans un milieu diélectrique

La réflexion et la réfraction d'une onde électromagnétique à la surface d'un solide d'indice de réfraction  sont décrits par les équations de Maxwell donnant les champs électriques d'une onde sinusoïdale de champ électrique .

On se placera dans le cas d'une incidence normale pour laquelle la polarisation ne joue aucun rôle du simple fait de la symétrie du problème.

On suppose le milieu éclairé de manière homogène et on s'intéresse au problème stationnaire.

L'interface est située à l'origine des coordonnées, le solide est un diélectrique sans pertes et correspond au demi-espace .

L'onde incidente de pulsation  et de nombre d'onde  s'écrit

où  est le vecteur unitaire en .

La résolution des équations de Maxwell pour ce problème permet d'obtenir la solution suivante :

où  est l'indice de réfraction.

On y voit :
 dans le vide (  ) une onde incidente et une onde réfléchie, de même fréquence, d'amplitude égale à celle de l'onde incidente multipliée par le coefficient de Fresnel  ;
 dans le matériau une onde transmise de même fréquence, d'amplitude égale à celle de l'onde incidente multipliée par le coefficient de Fresnel . Son nombre d'onde est , correspondant à une vitesse de phase .

Obtention de la solution et interprétation microscopique

Au plan microscopique le phénomène résulte de l'absorption de photons incidents par des électrons du milieu solide, lesquels réémettent des photons identiques en fréquence par rayonnement dipolaire électrique de dipôles oscillants. Ceux-ci se propagent dans le matériau à la vitesse  dans des directions quelconques et interagissent avec des électrons qui à leur tour créent des dipôles et ainsi de suite. À l'état stationnaire le milieu est donc constitué de dipôles qui s'influencent mutuellement et de photons incidents qui entretiennent le phénomène.

Les équations de Maxwell étant linéaires elles autorisent l'écriture de la solution  sous forme d'une somme du champ incident  et du champ  créé par les dipôles.

Le champ créé au point courant  par un seul dipôle situé en  est donné par :

avec :
   vecteur reliant le point courant au dipôle,
   polarisation,  étant la densité volumique de dipôles.
Dans cette équation  est inconnu.

Sous l'hypothèse du continu et en tenant compte de la symétrie du problème on peut écrire :

où  est la permittivité et  est la permittivité du vide.

On obtient le champ induit par les dipôles en sommant sur tout l'espace :

En tenant compte de la symétrie on introduit l'amplitude  du champ de dipôles :

L'équation ci-dessus s'écrit :

Si on définit « vers l'avant » comme la propagation dans le sens valeurs croissantes de , alors dans cette dernière équation le premier terme donne le bilan à l'abscisse  des photons émis vers l'avant (ou plus exactement ayant une composante vers l'avant) entre  et , le second les photons émis vers l'arrière entre  et l'infini.

Il s'agit d'une équation intégrale de type Kirchhoff–Helmholtz sur  puisque . La solution  est cherchée sous la forme de l'ansatz :

On obtient en supposant une extinction totale à l'infini :

D'où, par identification, d'après le second terme :

L'onde transmise se propage avec la vitesse de phase .

Par ailleurs le premier terme donne :

On peut à présent calculer le champ induit par les dipôles :

Cette expression justifie l'intitulé de la loi d'Ewald-Oseen : le champ dipolaire « éteint » complètement le champ incident.

On peut calculer le champ dipolaire émis dans le vide vers l'arrière qui constitue « l'onde réfléchie ».

Remarques

 La démonstration suppose implicitement que la polarisation est propagée avec la même vitesse que le champ résultant qui est lui-même la somme de l'onde incidente de vitesse  et l'onde dipolaire qui se propage avec la vitesse . Une démonstration plus exacte du théorème peut être trouvée en utilisant le potentiel retardé de Hertz.
 Le théorème d'Ewald-Oseen contredit le principe de Huygens-Fresnel qui suppose a priori l'inexistence de l'onde incidente dans le milieu diélectrique. On peut remarquer que l'interprétation faite du phénomène contredit le principe d'indiscernablité des photons.

Références

Voir aussi

 Lois de Snell-Descartes

Optique ondulatoire
Principe physique
Loi en optique


text:
New signs Iran is creeping closer to making a nuclear bomb
By Jonathan Ruhe, opinion contributor — 11/12/19 11:00 AM EST
Iran's regime likes anniversaries. This month it celebrated 40 years since the U.S. embassy hostage crisis by unveiling new nuclear centrifuges and redoing anti-American murals at the site of the former embassy. In May, it marked one year since the United States left the 2015 nuclear deal by beginning its own steady departure from the agreement.
But the past week's anniversary surprise is much more momentous. On Nov. 5, Tehran announced it would reactivate its Fordow enrichment facility, almost exactly a decade after United Nations inspectors demanded Iran close the recently discovered, illegally constructed site. Just as Fordow rang alarm bells back then, this latest news must spur more concerted efforts to address Iran's accelerating approach to nuclear weapons.
This is the fourth in Iran's unfolding series of ultimatums for Europe to offset the pain of U.S. sanctions, otherwise Tehran increasingly violates the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) every 60 days. The first escalations in May and July upped its uranium stockpile and enrichment level, initiating gradual reductions in the "breakout" time to produce enough fissile material for a bomb.
As the Jewish Institute for National Security of America (JINSA) assessed this summer, by themselves these moves — although concerning — would still enable inspectors to detect a breakout attempt for the foreseeable future.
But since then, Tehran has ratcheted up as U.S. sanctions multiplied. In September, it began enriching with newer, more productive centrifuges. This is driving Iran toward an industrial-scale nuclear program — not overnight, but no longer over the horizon, either.
And now Fordow. While Iran's specific plans remain unclear, simply reverting to the site's pre-JCPOA configuration would further shrink breakout time, if only marginally. The facility is smaller than the enrichment plant at Natanz, and it only ever housed first-generation centrifuges.
But Fordow is worrisome for multiple reasons independent of how it is reactivated. Fordow is better designed and built than Natanz to withstand bunker busters — helping explain why the JCPOA prohibits enrichment there, but not at Natanz.
This also helps explain why Tehran chose Fordow for producing 20 percent low-enriched uranium (LEU) prior to the deal. Any uranium enriched above this level is considered suitable for a nuclear weapon, and thus raises the risk of provoking a military response.
Currently Iran has said it will only enrich to 4.5 percent LEU at Fordow, but this must be monitored extremely closely. Twenty percent enrichment would likely resume here, as Iranian officials have threatened, and would entail interconnecting "tandem" centrifuge cascades.
This would cut breakout time far more precipitously than any move thus far, but it also likely would be detected by inspectors. Therefore, any attempt to block inspectors, as the regime has mulled recently, would be equally alarming.
These concerns also must be placed in a larger strategic context. By itself, no single escalation to date would put Iran on the precipice of a bomb without appreciable advance warning. Yet aggregated over time, the sum of these violations already has cut breakout time appreciably since May, and will continue doing so.
Such estimates entail multiple assumptions, but Tehran's breakout time already has fallen from roughly 11 to 12 months under the JCPOA to potentially seven to eight months now. At this rate, Iran is less than a year away from an undetectable "sneakout" capability. It could reach this threshold sooner if it deploys more advanced centrifuges, as it has since September, or escalates further at the next 60-day deadline in early January.
These moves serve Iran's pressure campaign, also playing out on the ground in the Middle East, to compel sanctions relief and build negotiating leverage for a new deal. Accordingly, Tehran insists it will reverse its nuclear moves only after sanctions are lifted or as part of talks, not before as the United States demands.
Indeed, Iran only came to the table in the first place after the discovery of Fordow in 2009 generated initial international consensus for tough sanctions.
But today is different. The United States is approaching a sanctions ceiling, having already accreted such measures against nearly every aspect of Iran's economy and regime. Meanwhile Tehran is nowhere near its ceiling for nuclear and regional escalation, especially if the diminishing impact of additional sanctions is the only deterrent.
As Iran began enriching near 20 percent at Fordow in 2012, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu Benjamin (Bibi) NetanyahuMORE drew a literal red line before the world, with the implicit threat of preventive military action. Tehran took the hint and deflected its own progress toward a bomb.
Now American policymakers are racing against the shortening shadow of Iran's nuclear progress, whether or not talks occur. Taking a page from Netanyahu's speech, the United States can give itself real diplomatic leverage, and prevent Iran approaching the nuclear threshold, only by developing credible military deterrence against Tehran or bolstering Israel's ability to do so.
Jonathan Ruhe is director of foreign policy at the Jewish Institute for National Security of America's (JINSA) Gemunder Center for Defense and Strategy. Follow him on Twitter @JCB_Ruhe.
Tags Benjamin Netanyahu Nuclear program of Iran Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action Iran–United States relations


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Sugar Swings! Serve Some: simple mini tiered cakelets....!
....i may have mentioned it before but i love anything colorful and mini and if you put them together...100 times better!
...i also love the look of those mini wedding cakes that were/are popular instead of an actual wedding cake or they have been used as favors.....here are some great examples!....but holy guacamole, they are so detailed and look like a boat load of time and effort....these mini cakes are a super short cut and although not as fancy...they are fun....!
...and stack them....(i didn't even frost in between layers but you can if you think it's needed)....then add a little decoration with buttercream (leftover from another project)....and some large pearl non-pareils....and ta-da!....totally recycled mini cakes....they even got some oooohs and aaaaahhs from the 3 kidlets this morning too....yay!
....happy weekend to everyone and welcome april....can the east coast have some spring-like weather please....???! oh and go yankees!
Linking up to these fun bloghops: go check them out too!
This looks like a lot of work but it turned out sooooo nice!! If you get a sec, pop on over to Foodie Friday and link up! Oh, and I found you on Tatertots and Jello!
How cute! That looks yummy.
these are absolutely adorable! i would love it if you would link this and any other recipe up to mangia mondays!
Oh that's so fun - I love the mini tiers and these would be adorable to let kids decorate on their own! So pretty too.
OMG ... these are the cutest little tiered cakes I've seen till date ... amazingly creative n wonderful !!!
simple bunny and lego mini cupcakes....!
elvis has left the building cupcakes....!


text:
Q: Difference between dates to get "time ago" I have one date. wanna compare it with current date and wants the results in time ago.
Date d1 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-M-dd").parse((String) request.
            getParameter(date1));
Date d2 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-M-dd").parse((String) request.
            getParameter(date2));

long diff = d2.getTime() - d1.getTime();

and want this difference in time ago format.
eg. 3 hours 2 mins ago

A: If using another library is possible for you, I would recommend Joda Time, especially that JSR 310 it will be introduced in the JDK 8 as the new Date API, being Joda time re arhitected.
Time difference with Joda Time here.

A: If you just want to use core Java and not pollute your code with numeric literals:
long diffInMillis = d2.getTime() - d1.getTime();
long diffInHours = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toHours(diffInMillis);
long diffInMins = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes(diffInMillis);
System.out.printf("%d hours %d mins ago%n", diffInHours, (diffInMins - TimeUnit.HOURS.toMinutes(diffInHours)));

A: You have long value which are milli seconds, so
int min= (int) ((diff / (1000*60)) % 60);
int sec= (int) (diff / 1000) % 60 ;

A: Try,
 long diff = d2.getTime() - d1.getTime();
 long m= diff/(60*1000);
 long hour=m/60;
 long minutes=m%60;

 System.out.printf("%d hours %d mins ago%n", hour, minutes)

A: Following is another way to get as per your requirement but getHours() and getMinutes() is deprecated
simply do System.out.println((d2.getHours()-d1.getHours())+" hours " +(d2.getMinutes()-d2.getMinutes()) +" mins ago");

A: friends.i think we can do this,my code:
public static String getIntervalUpdateTime(long intervalTime) {
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();
    long interval = intervalTime / 1000;
    final long day = 24 * 60 * 60;
    final long hour = 60 * 60;
    final long minute = 60;
    int detailDay = 0;
    int detailHour = 0;
    int detailMinute = 0;
    int detailSecond = 0;
    if (interval >= day) {
        detailDay = (int) (interval / day);
        interval = interval - detailDay * day;
    }
    if (interval >= hour) {
        detailHour = (int) (interval / hour);
        interval = interval - hour * detailHour;
    }
    if (interval >= minute) {
        detailMinute = (int) (interval / minute);
        interval = interval - detailMinute * minute;
    }
    if (interval > 0) {
        detailSecond = (int) interval;
    }
    result.setLength(0);
    if (detailDay > 0) {
        result.append(detailDay);
        result.append("day");
    }
    if (detailHour > 0) {
        result.append(detailHour);
        result.append("hour");
    }
    if (detailMinute > 0) {
        result.append(detailMinute);
        result.append("minutes");
    }
    if (detailSecond > 0) {
        result.append(detailSecond);
        result.append("seconds");
    }
    return result.toString();
}

this is my answer.

A: Use the Period class in Joda-Time 2.3, built just for this purpose.
See example code in answers (especially this one) to the question, How to calculate elapsed time from now with Joda-Time?.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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The Transportation and Highways Team will use Horizons to determine the most effective way to invest in carriageway and footway maintenance schemes in Haringey. Using Horizons members of the team can model the effect and outcome of different types of treatments presenting alternative scenarios based on investment levels, timings and the condition and local characteristics of each and every part of the road network, for example.
Horizons is a visualised Software-as-a-Service ("SaaS") asset management platform designed to make it easier for asset managers to visualise, manage and optimise all their asset management strategies in a unique and effective way using a single cloud-based solution. Since launching to market in 2012 Horizons has experienced significant growth in sales in the UK and with customers including the Highways England, the London Borough of Richmond, Bracknell Forest Council as well as East Sussex, Nottinghamshire and Lancashire County Councils, to name just a few.
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text:
Photos Show the Moment a Syrian Boy Was Beaten Reportedly for Trying to Sell Tissues
"The manager of the restaurant, apparently enraged over the boy approaching restaurant patrons, tried to drag him out."
A Syrian boy who was brutally beaten while trying to sell tissues to diners at a Turkish restaurant. (Image source: Twitter)
Photos posted online of a Syrian boy beaten by a man reportedly trying to stop him from selling tissues to diners at a Turkish restaurant have sparked a backlash of anger in Turkey, even reaching the prime minister, who reached out to help the struggling family.
Syrian refugee child beaten by shopkeepers in #Turkey's #Izmir http://t.co/pDm3lj0eoq #Syria pic.twitter.com/XOGpSBMDLz
— Alex Rowell (@disgraceofgod) July 27, 2015
Turkey's Daily Sabah described what happened at the restaurant last week:
The unidentified boy was selling tissues at a restaurant in Izmir's Basmane Square. The manager of the restaurant, apparently enraged over the boy approaching restaurant patrons, tried to drag him out. When the boy resisted, he started slapping him. Passersby intervened, but the man continued hitting the boy who fell on the ground and crawled under the tables in front of the restaurant to escape the blows. His nose bled from the beating. Onlookers tried to help the scared boy to no avail. The boy left the scene in tears, while the man won't be prosecuted for the very public beating.
The photo of the boy with the bloody nose holding up his travel-size tissue sample and wiping away his tears was widely reported in Turkey, a country which is currently home to more than 1.8 Syrians who have fled their war-torn country.
In one of the images, the boy was seen apparently trying to seek cover under a table to escape being struck again.
Restaurant owner beats up a little Syrian refugee kid trying to sell paper tissues to customers in #Izmir, #Turkey. pic.twitter.com/JA7cdzmmJR
— Στράτος Μωραΐτης  (@oemoral)
"I was only selling tissues. While I was about to sell a pack to a lady there, they pulled me aside and hit me. They stepped on me," said the boy, since identified as Ahmed Hamdo Abeyd, , according to Hurriyet Daily News. "Syrians on the other side of the road rushed and poured water on me and I gained consciousness only then."
The Turkish paper reported that the boy, his parents and four siblings fled from Aleppo to Turkey where their father, a television repairman, has not found work.
His mother said she is very happy they came to Turkey and did not consider filing a police complaint over the incident.
"We are so happy with Turkey. God bless you," she said. "I believe God will punish those who beat up my boy."
Social media messages were posted expressing outrage over the incident.
"Many tears for Syrian refugee boy beaten in Turkey, hope its true the creeps are in jail for attacking him," one person wrote on Twitter, according to Al Arabiya.
Daily Sabah reported that another person described the restaurant employee as an "animal."
Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu asked the local leader of his Justice and Development Party (AKP) to find the family and help them, Hurriyet reported.


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