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https://www.thehour.com/wilton/article/After-45-in-Wilton-Umberto-the-Tailor-still-a-8094124.php
After 45 in Wilton, Umberto the Tailor still a perfect fit
By TOM EVANS Villager Staff Writer
Published 12:00 pm EDT, Friday, May 1, 2015
Master tailor Umberto Pitagora in his Sartoria.
WILTON — Umberto Pitagora will celebrate 45 years at his Sartoria at 20 Center St. in Post Office Square in Wilton Center on Saturday, May 2, with some friends, loyal customers, and some Italian cuisine.
After meeting the master tailor — longtime friend and colleague Gene Venanzi believes he is the last of that particular craftsman in Connecticut — it would not be surprising if the party quickly gave way to Pitagora pulling out bolts of fabric, scissors and his ubiquitous tape measure to continue creating the exquisite hand-made suits, sport coats and shirts with which he has been dressing discerning men of Fairfield County and beyond for more than 60 years.
"Sometimes people ask me if I can do a suit in two days," Pitagora said of the six weeks it takes to bring the buttery silk fabric from bolt to completion. "Some people don't realize how long it takes. We do shirts as well, and we have at least 600 different colors and patterns. A shirt is like a suit; there's a lot to change, like collar and cuffs. The way it fits is the most important thing for all the items I make. Features are OK, but the fit is the most important, with suit, shirt or sport coat."
If not for the lack of train fare, many lives would have turned out very differently — and many men in and around this area would have to travel to Manhattan (or further) for the quality "bespoke" clothing options offered by Umberto the Tailor. Or they might have had to — shudder — buy off the rack.
"I would have liked to be a mechanical engineer," Pitagora said of his teen years in Nicastro, Italy. "I had to go from Wilton to Greenwich for school, but I had no money for train fare. I was in construction, and I love to design, and I love mathematics. I use those skills for 50 years without knowing. I'm designing. I'm making classic designs for clothing. That's why I like what I do. When you change something, you change everything. My suits emphasize fitting properly."
Pitagora does not give into the trends — no narrow lapels or skinny ties in his shop — and so his suits, jackets and shirts hold up as classic through fashion blips. That's a good thing, because with suits starting at $3,500, they are a true investment.
"You can find a ready-made suit of good material, in a good color, but you can't find the fit we offer," Pitagora said. "Some expensive suits use quality fabric, but if they are off the rack, they don't have the proper fit."
Pitagora — along with Venanzi and customers Joe Franceski and Tom Vozzella — fairly cringed when they thought of a $5,000 being altered in the hands of a second-rate tailor.
"I used to have a high-end shop in Manhattan, and there is more request for that level than ever," Venanzi said. "If you buy a Brioni suit off the rack and it doesn't fit, why bother? There's an old saying, 'it's better to wear a $500 suit that fits than a $5,000 that doesn't. Umberto takes it to the next step, with bespoke shirts, neckerchief, ties. Umberto the Tailor wants men put together from head to toe."
Vozzella, a Stamford resident, comes to the Sartoria in Wilton Center exclusively to be pampered by Pitagora.
On Monday, Vozzella was in town to get fitted for a new sports jacket. The experience is closer to a spa day than to shopping in a mall chain store.
"I travel to Wilton only to see Umberto," Vozzella said. "He does a great job. He makes clothes for me. He is humble, yet he is so skilled. He's a master, a maestro, and a dying breed. I do real estate business in New York City, and I used to get my clothes from a guy in New York. Now I go to Wilton, in my own backyard, to get clothes of this quality. I come to Wilton Center exclusively for this quality, design and craftsmanship."
Venanzi played a part in bringing in this loyal customer.
"I found Umberto through Gene," Vozzella said. "I had been buying my clothes in the New York City the past 10 years, on 56th Street, and Gene said, 'you have to see this guy in Wilton.' I tasted his work, and it was not like anything I've owned. Umberto offers top-flight service and first-rate craftsmanship, down to the details of pockets, liners and buttons."
Venanzi explained that not every tailor is created equally.
"Bespoke clothing really refers to people who care about their appearance," Vananzi said. "These people care how the clothes fit their body. You need a master tailor who understands the nuances of the craft. A master tailor spends years learning the craft. People use the word 'tailor' loosely. There's a whole different meaning to shorten sleeves or put a cuff on pants, compared to Umberto's craft. He uses fabrications, colorations of fabrications, and he focuses on buttons, lining, pockets. Some people want flat pockets, some want no pockets."
The apprenticeship has put this career beyond the interest or possibility of those that may be drawn to this craft.
"It's the apprenticeship," Venanzi said. "People don't want to learn the trade because the first 10 to 12 years you're earning nothing. You don't make much of a living the first 25 years."
Franceski, a New York attorney living in Stamford, is glad Pitagora stuck with his trade, moving from Florence, Italy, to Baltimore and Darien, before landing in Wilton in 1970.
"I've been coming here about six years," Franceski said. "My first suit was from the limited edition Duke of Windsor gray stripe collection. I had the suit made in London, and people think you have to have high-end suits made in the United Kingdom. That can take a year-and-a-half, and it's expensive, too. You have to go to London, and unless you're there all the time, it's prohibitive. With Umberto, you can get suits made anytime."
Franceski mentioned another benefit of these custom-made suits and jackets.
"You get spoiled with Umberto," Franceski said. "I can't buy off the rack. Umberto gives me special pockets, but especially it's the fitting. I'm so comfortable in these clothes. People take their jacket off in the office. I never do. Umberto's jackets are like pajamas."
Franceski said he believes he has referred a couple of customers to the Sartoria by word of mouth, and the master tailor said that — along with website umbertothetailor.com — have kept a steady stream of clientele through his doors.
"I enjoy my work, I enjoy what I'm doing," Pitagora said. "I'm like a painter. I create things. I'm healthy. I'll work. I'm 76, and retirement is not on my mind."
Retirement does not help Pitagora's business, but he is now seeing sons of customers wanting to see the master tailor "preserving the art of the custom-made suit.
"A lot of people retire, and most people stay while they need me," Pitagora said. "I have a family of customers with three generations, the Dibner family. There is one still coming here, the grandson, and we had two generations at the same time. I keep going by word of mouth and my website. In Wilton, everyone knows my name."
On Saturday, everyone will know a local institution will have been here 45 years — and counting.


By the Gulf of Siam, the dominant element is the Chee Chan Buddha, whose serene likeness has been carved into a limestone escarpment some 110 meters high. "Buddha Mountain" is one of the region's best known tourist and devotional attractions. Today, his gilt-edged visage is visible from nearly every spot on the 220-acre property, including the entire opening hole.
"We couldn't afford to miss that opportunity — to start golfers on their spiritual journey under the watchful eye of Siddhartha Gautama," said Golfplan Partner David Dale. "The Buddha invites a decision on the very first tee: play conservative to the right/lower landing area and approach the green uphill, over deep bunkers — or drive more aggressively (left of the center bunker) to create a downhill approach to unguarded putting surface.
Formed in 1972, Golfplan has been introducing golf to new markets and maximizing cultural experiences for nearly 50 years. Based in Santa Rosa, California, USA, it is the most international firm in all of course architecture, having creating more than 218 original designs in 32 different countries (if master planning and renovation are considered, make that 85 countries). This sort of sustained, diverse productivity is one reason GolfInc magazine named Dale and Ramsey among the "Top 10 Most Powerful People in Asian Golf" for 2016.
Golfplan has worked extensively in Thailand. Their designs at Panya Park, Panya Indra and Mountain Shadow (down the road from Chee Chan, in Pattaya) all remain popular — and profitable, Dale is quick to add. But those courses were built in the 1990s.
"It's a privilege to work again in Thailand, especially on a site so unusual. This is flat, coastal country here by the Gulf — but we had fully 25 meters of elevation change to work with at Chee Chan," Dale reported. "The eye is naturally drawn to the escarpment featuring the Buddha, but the property is ringed by these limestone karsts — some are 150 meters tall! The perimeter holes play uphill to their bases, then back down again. These enormous features give the entire course both an amphitheater feel and a pleasing sense of seclusion.
Buddha Mountain was created on the northern face of Khao Chee Chan in 1996, to commemorate His Majesty the King of Thailand's golden jubilee. It's been a major domestic tourist draw ever since — enough to invite subsequent development of a water park, winery and shopping district. With new accommodations and world-class resort golf added to the mix, this corner of Pattaya (just 90 minutes from Suvarnabhumi International Airport) is a fully fledged destination unto itself.


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DHL orders 2,000 Ford electric vans for last-mile deliveries
by Michael Khan
in Commercial vehicles, Ford
The automotive manufacturer from the United States (US), Ford Motor Company, through its commercial vehicle provider division, Ford Pro, has signed a memorandum of understanding with Deutsche Post DHL Group (DHL) as the largest logistics company in the world.
Under the memorandum of understanding, Ford Pro and DHL will collaborate on providing sustainable services by accelerating the deployment of Ford electric vans used for DHL's worldwide logistics operations.
Hans Schep, General Manager of Ford Pro Europe said: "Ford Pro and Deutsche Post DHL Group now share a greater vision of sustainability and a shared commitment to electrification solutions.
"This agreement is a major step towards millions of deliveries completed by electrified vehicles around the world," he said quoting his official broadcast on Tuesday (6/12/2022).
Underscoring the planned collaboration, Ford Pro will equip Deutsche Post DHL Group with more than 2,000 Ford E-Transit units by the end of 2023 to enhance its leading position in the use of electric vans for long-distance deliveries around the world.
"The Ford E-Transit is the best-selling commercial electric vehicle in North America and since last June it has also become the best-selling in its segment in Europe. This means that this 2-ton electric van has made great strides in supporting this ambition," said Hans.
The agreement also covers a full suite of solutions for operating electric fleets including Ford Pro E-Telematics technology and charging solutions to reduce operating costs and optimize zero emission efficiency.
Ford aims for zero emissions for all vehicle sales and carbon neutrality across its European facilities, logistics and suppliers by 2035, and carbon neutrality globally by no later than 2050.
Meanwhile, Deutsche Post DHL Group has also committed to strengthening the path of sustainable operations by investing 7 billion euros towards zero emissions in the logistics segment.
Deutsche Post DHL Group is targeting a 60 percent share of e-vehicles used for carbon neutral pickup and delivery by 2030 which is now being implemented by Ford's range of electric vehicles such as the Ford E-Transit.
According to Anna Spinelli, Chief Procurement Officer & Head of Mobility, Deutsche Post DHL Group, the mission to electrify last mile logistics is a key pillar to decarbonize DHL's service operations worldwide.
"Adding the new Ford E-Transit to our global fleet of approximately 27,000 units further strengthens our ability to provide eco-friendly delivery services worldwide," he said.
The agreement signed by Ford and Deutsche Post DHL Group also has the potential to enable the two giants to explore joint development of future products as well as new digital and charging solutions.
As well as providing innovative vision, Ford Pro will also provide Deutsche Post DHL Group access to vehicle testing and monitoring services as the two companies explore expanding their partnership to more markets globally.
Ford-DHL-Group
Tags: commercial vehiclecompanydelivery serviceDHLElectric Vanelectric vehicleelectric vehiclesElectrifyfleetfleetsFord E-Transitlogisticsvan
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Ford has reduced the prices of its Mustang Mach-E electric crossover SUV by up to $5,900 per vehicle. This action...
Hofer Powertrain Patents Multi-Sector Overhead Line Charging System for Electric Trucks
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Hofer Powertrain, a development and technology specialist from Nürtingen, has filed for a patent on a new megawatt charging system...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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ICC announces DSI leadership transition as project prepares to enter second phase
The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has announced forthcoming changes to the management of its Digital Standards Initiative (DSI). Oswald Kuyler, who has served as the managing director of the… read more →
View all articles by Patrick Tibke
By Patrick Tibke
Friday February 4, 2022
The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has announced forthcoming changes to the management of its Digital Standards Initiative (DSI).
Oswald Kuyler, who has served as the managing director of the ICC's flagship trade digitalisation initiative since September 2020, will step down from his current position effective as of 1 March.
Kuyler will return to an executive role in the private sector and, in parallel, will take up the newly created role of advisor to the ICC DSI Governance Board.
In this role, he will provide guidance on the execution of the initiative's five-year strategic plan.
John W.H. Denton AO, secretary general of the ICC, said the initiative had benefited immensely from Kuyler's leadership.
"Oswald hit the ground running from day one in his tenure as managing director of the ICC DSI, and leaves his executive role later this month having built the foundations needed to achieve digitalisation across the full value chain," he said.
"I thank Oswald for his tremendous contribution to our work on this vital agenda, and look forward to working with him in his new advisory capacity."
In addition, the ICC has announced that the process to recruit a new managing director to run the day-to-day operations of the DSI will be opened in the coming days.
The ICC added that it has put in place a succession plan together with Kuyler to ensure a seamless leadership transition and prime the initiative's operating structure for the execution of its five-year plan.
Kuyler added: "I am extremely proud of what we have built through the first phase of the DSI's work – establishing a structure and public-private coalition capable of finally getting analogue processes out of the trading system.
"I am excited to support the DSI's future growth and success as an adviser to its board, as the project enters execution phase."
The ICC DSI is a global initiative dedicated to working with private and public sectors to create and drive adoption of the open standards that will underpin the digitalisation of global trade and supply chains.
By digitalising trade, this unique global initiative, created in partnership with the government of Singapore and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), aims to make supply chains more robust, secure, and transparent, enabling more inclusion and sustainability in the global trading system.
digital transformationdigital transitiondigitalisationICC Digital Standards Initiative (DSI)John W.H. Denton AOoswald kuylersupply chains
Patrick Tibke is the Assistant Editor & Copywriter at Trade Finance Global (TFG).
He has previously worked as a reporter and researcher at Nielsen, S&P Global, SportBusiness Group, Jakarta Globe, and more.
He holds an MA in Journalism from the University of Sheffield, a BA in South East Asian Studies from SOAS at the University of London, and a Diploma in Journalism from the UK's National Council for the Training of Journalists (NCTJ).
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When checking in at the Country Inn & Suites in Findlay, Ohio, you're greeted with complimentary cookies and coffee in the lobby. During your stay, keep active at the fitness center or bring the entire family down to the hotel's indoor heated pool, open year-round. Corporate travelers can visit our on-site business center or use free Wi-Fi to check email before attending meetings at offices like Cooper Tire & Rubber. At the end of a long day, don't forget to grab a book from our Read It & Return Lending LibrarySM on the way to your pet-friendly room.
It's easy to forget something while packing, but don't fret—the Country Inn & Suites has you covered. Take advantage of the Did You Forget? Program, which provides complimentary toiletries and travel items. Items may include deodorant, shaving cream, razors, toothbrushes/toothpaste, shower caps, sewing kits, hair combs, hairspray, lint rollers, rubber bathroom mats, baby diapers, feminine hygiene products and more.
Our trained hotel staff will stay up-to-date on your group's needs before and during your stay with us. You can rest assured the Country Inn & Suites, Findlay, OH hotel will be ready to warmly welcome your team so you can relax, because the rest comes easy.


Now known as the Miami Classic, the shoulder holster rig popularized by Detective Crockett is constructed of premium saddle leather and features a spider harness with four-point independent adjustment for perfect fit, also known as the Flexalon swivel back plate. The Miami Classic comes packaged to fit right-handed individuals and is available in the buyer's choice of black or tan leather. Left handed shooters can purchase the individual holster component, harness, and magazine / speed loader carriers to create a left-handed rig. Buyers can opt for a shoulder holster deep-molded to fit a Smith & Wesson gun similar to Crockett's or select rigs and holsters designed for 1911, Glock, Springfield XD, Ruger, Beretta, H&K, Sig Sauer and other popular handguns.
Popular choices include the Kimber 1911 in black leather, Model MC212B and the Glock 22 in tan, Model MC224. The Miami Classic shoulder holster rig is ideal for concealed carry and is modular in design, allowing users to combine two holsters into a two-gun rig for added versatility. It should also be noted that all Miami Classic holsters are molded directly to the gun it is designed for, providing for a perfect fit every time.
The Miami Classic comes with a double magazine carrier in a vertical orientation in which the magazines are secured by leather snap flaps. The harness that comes with the rig will fit chests up to 52" but an extra large harness is available at an extra cost to fit individuals with chests up to 64".
Additionally, many add-on options for your shoulder rig are available as well. For example, many gun carriers want tie downs to secure the rig to their belt. Law enforcement officers might opt for a tie-down that doubles as a handcuff holder.
Lights and Holsters is a first class Dealer and has excellent customer service. Their shipping times are faster than dealers that are in the same State I live in and far faster than the larger dealers like midway, midsouth and cheaper than dirt. Lights and Holsters prices are as good or better than any of the aforementioned dealers and they offer free shipping on most orders while their competition not only charges shipping they often have hidden handling fees that they tack on at checkout. I have nothing but good things to say about Shawn and his staff and will continue to do business with them when possible.
Galco MC446B, Black Miami Classic Holster for Springfield XD 9/40 3" 4" 5"
Weapon Compatibility: Springfield XD 9/40 3", Springfield XD 9/40 4", Springfield XD 9/40 5"
Weapon Compatibility: AMT Hardballer, Colt 3 1/2" 1911, Colt 3" 1911, Colt 4 1/4" 1911, Colt 5" 1911, Kimber 3" 1911, Kimber 4" 1911, Kimber 5" 1911, Para USA 3 1/2" Single Stack Mag, Para USA 3" with Single Stack Mag, Para USA 4 1/4" Single Stack Mag, Para USA 5" with Single Stack Mag, Remington R1, Ruger SR1911, S&W SW1911 5", S&W SW1911SC 4 1/4", Sig-Sauer 4 1/4" 1911 (Contoured Slide), Springfield 3 1/2 " 1911, Springfield 3" 1911, Springfield 3" 1911 w/Rail, Springfield 4 " 1911, Springfield 5 " 1911, Springfield EMP, Star PD, Taurus PT1911 5"
Weapon Compatibility: Charter Arms Undercover 2", S&W J Frame 317 3", S&W J Frame 337 3 1/8", S&W J Frame 340PD, S&W J Frame 36 2", S&W J Frame 36 3", S&W J Frame 360 3 1/8", S&W J Frame 60 2 1/8 .357 .38, S&W J Frame 60 3", S&W J Frame 63 3", S&W J Frame 640 Cent 2 1/8" .357, S&W J Frame 640 Cent 2 1/8" .38, S&W J Frame 642, S&W J Frame 649 Bodyguard 2", Taurus 85 2"
Galco MC446, Tan Miami Classic Holster for Springfield XD 9/40 3" 4" 5"


You need to have MultiTerm or Trados Studio (2009 or later) installed on your machine, if you want to write sdltb files. You can actually read them without any 3rd party software required.
If you want to read or write Excel files (xls/xlsx), you also need Microsoft Excel (2003 or later), or either LibreOffice or OpenOffice. For these last 2, only the 32 bit versions work, not the 64 bit releases. You can use tab separated txt, or csv files without any 3rd party software.


After years of continuous legal battle, makers of Blackberry, i.e. RIM has given in to Indian government demand and has decided to set up servers in India.
Earlier RIM offered to share with security agencies its technical codes for corporate email services, but Indian government wanted the company to setup its servers in India which can be monitored by security agencies.
"RIM server was tested by the Department of Telecom and it was found to be a working solution. On the issue of intercepting e-mails passing through the Blackberry Enterprise Server, the DoT has decided to directly tap the corporate servers in India after RIM expressed its inability to set up a local server for this.", [source].
DoT will ask telecom operators to provide a list of enterprise services within the next 15 days in order to tap the corporate accounts.
This paves the way for Indian government to go after the other enterprise messaging services like Nokia, Microsoft, Motorola and maybe, Apple (Nokia already has its messaging servers in India).
Expect an anti-globalization drive from the government in the coming days.
– Aside, Blackberry is planning to expand its footprint in India across 160 cities.
The Missing Piece Among Indian Ecommerce Players : C.R.M.


The new Ipanema Lounge Set is a modern classic in the making that brings a look of sleek sophistication to any outdoor living space. Teak, Aluminium, Olefin Rope and Duranite are used in combination to stunningly effect, resulting in a set that ticks all the boxes.
The aluminium frames have an elegantly tapered profile that gives a clean, fresh appearance. The sofa frames are wrapped by hand with thick Olefin Rope, which provides support, comfort and a touch of authentic craftsmanship. Finally, the set is finished off with luxurious cushions which soften the straightforward lines of the seating.
Duranite is a high-quality fibre cement board, coated with a Multi-layer treatment that contributes to a scratch-resistant, supremely weather-resistant and low-maintenance surface that retains its colour due to a customised UV treatment. Duranite is supremely durable and requires very little maintenance as it has been coated to withstand all types of weather and outdoor environments throughout the year.
Teak is a superior wood species renowned for its golden colour and weather-resistant properties. In addition to the teak grown on FSC – certified plantations. LifestyleGarden manufactures products exclusively from recycled teak wood components sourced on the island of Java. Indonesia Teak ages beautifully into a silver-grey colour but the original appearance can be maintained if treated with a suitable teak sealer oil.
Rope has strength and durability in addition to flexibility, creating a comfortable yet hardwearing material. The rope is made of Olefin and is suitable for year-round use in all types of climate and high levels of UV stability enable it to retain its original colour.


I've been retired in northern Virginia for 18 years and have been spoiled by the easy access to routine and specialty care at Walter Reed and Ft. Belvoir hospitals as well as a local Tricare clinic. I'm planning to move to the west Phoenix valley area in the next year and am wondering about the care options there. Does the Luke clinic see retirees? What do you do for specialty care if Luke doesn't have that specialty (i.e., opthomology clinic for glaucoma treatment). I'm on Tricare Prime now. Is that the best choice for Phoenix?
Phoenix has had one of the worst VA records going. I'd do a lot of checking before moving there.
I don't use VA. I'm asking about care using Tricare.
VA is a totally different animal.
Due to their notoriety Phoenix VA would probably be good NOW~!
I have a few years to go before I'm eligible for Medicare.
I guess I"ll try contacting the Luke clinic to ask about retiree care. I thought someone here would know the answer.
Good luck with that. Luke is not that big, has lots of officer trainees and PHX has lots of retirees.


First of all, I want to thank ODDZ magazine for featuring my photos of the LA Arts District on their website! For the rest of the photos in this series, please check out my feature on ODDZ Magazine's website. I'm also going to have another feature in their June printed issue, so stay tuned for that!
A few weeks ago I went to the LA Arts District to check out the Vortex of Destiny. What's the Vortex of Destiny, you ask? It's basically a big tube with psychedelic paintings inside, and it rotates while you walk on a catwalk through it's center. Adding to the general nausea were the 3D glasses they gave us at the entrance. It's just like some crazy hippie Burning Man thing but it was pretty cool.
So the LA Arts District is a bunch of old warehouses now inhabited my artists and craftspeople. You can walk around, drink beers, and check out some local art. There's a catwalk far above the area with a viewing deck and an incredible view of the LA skyline. I also feel weird at stuff like this though because I am not in a financial position to support local artists, so like why am I there?
TO TAKE PICTURES OF MY FRIENDS OBVIOUSLY!!!!
Thanks to Shelby Scott, Julia Gilinsky, and Carolyn Martin for appearing in these photos.
For the rest of the series, check out ODDZ Magazine! They have some really great stuff! I'll report back when their new magazine is out.
1. Bring cash! The beer garden is cash only, and many of the food trucks are as well.
2. Take an Uber! Parking is tight in the area when they're having at Art Walk.
3. Go to the top of the highest building! I'm not sure what it's called, but it's worth the hike. The view of Downtown LA's skyline can't be missed.


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Jeremy Collier, född den 23 september 1650, död den 26 april 1726, var en engelsk präst och skriftställare.

Collier vägrade efter 1688 års revolution svärja tro- och huldhetsed åt kung Vilhelm och drottning Maria, utgav flera politiska broschyrer till förmån för de avsatte Stuartarnas sak och satt flera gånger i fängelse för sin övertygelse.

Ryktbar blev han genom sitt käcka anfall mot den inom engelsk dramatik överhandtagande oanständigheten, som han gisslade i Short view of the immorality and profaneness of the english stage (1698). Trots överdrift och pedanteri i angreppet fick han allmänheten med sig, och från hans uppträdande förmärktes en avgjord förbättring i tonen inom engelsk dramatik.

Dryden erkände riktigheten av många bland Colliers anmärkningar; Congreve, Vanbrugh med flera sökte i hetsig ton försvara sig, men bemöttes av Collier i nya broschyrer, vilka finns intagna i femte upplagan av hans Short view (1730).

Collier utgav även en värdefull engelsk kyrkohistoria, An ecclesiastical history of Great Britain to the end of the reign of Charles II (2 band 1708-1714). Till sin levnads slut verkade Collier som själasörjare för sina jakobitiska meningsfränder, de så kallade "non-jurors", från 1713 som biskop.

Källor

Alumner från Universitetet i Cambridge
Engelska anglikanska präster
Brittiska kyrkohistoriker
Födda 1650
Avlidna 1726
Män
Ugglan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home / Reductive Amination
Last updated: August 22nd, 2019 |
OK – so making amines through direct alkylation is generally not a great way to go. You could even say it's crappy.
So what's the "right" way to do it?
Today we're going to discuss a far more versatile way to make amines that doesn't result in over-alkylation. It's called reductive amination.
How Do We Make This Amine?
Reductive Amination To The Rescue
Applying Reductive Amination
Ketones Also Work
Sequential Reductive Aminations
Intramolecular Reductive Aminations
Working Backwards: Planning A Reductive Amination
Test Yourself!
1. How Do We Make This Amine, If Direct Alkylation Doesn't Work?
Say you have a primary amine such as benzylamine and would like to make N-methylbenzylamine. How do you do it?
Direct treatment of benzylamine with an alkylating agent (e.g. methyl iodide, CH3I ) will result in significant formation of the undesired tertiary amine (i.e. di-alkylation).
Yes, you could try and separate out the secondary amine that's formed from the tertiary amine, but we're not going to settle for 10-30% yields here. Separating mixtures is fine on paper, but (trust me on this) it can be a real a pain in practice. Is there another way to do it?
2. Reductive Amination To The Rescue
Enter reductive amination!
While alkylation can happen multiple times on an amine, imines only form once on a given amine. Once the imine is formed, the C=N bond can be reduced, giving us a new alkyl group attached to nitrogen.
This is a much more controlled manner of forming nitrogen-carbon bonds.
Here's the mechanism for imine formation, in case you've forgotten. [click to see image]
After the imine is formed, it must be reduced to the amine. It's possible to use the familiar reducing agent sodium borohydride (NaBH4) for this process. You may recall that NaBH4 is used for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones.
There are two other commonly used reductants for reductive amination: sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN) and sodium tri-acetoxyborohydride (NaBH(OAc)3 ). For our purposes, they can be considered to be the same. In practice, NaBH3CN is a little bit better than NaBH4.
[For a discussion as to why NaBH3CN tends to be a better choice than NaBH4, see this footnote. In the schemes below, we'll use NaBH3CN, but NaBH4 and NaBH(OAc)3 can be considered to work just as well. ]
3. Applying Reductive Amination
Reductive amination is extremely versatile and can be used to install a large variety of different alkyl groups on an amine. The nice part is that the groups just go on once.
The table below shows examples of how methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, and benzyl groups can be installed on an amine, by employing an appropriate aldehyde . (Note that reductive amination doesn't work for installing a phenyl group. Why not?)
4. Ketones Also Work
What about ketones? They work too! Employing a ketone will result in a branched alkyl substituent on the amine. For example, using acetone in the following reductive amination gives an isopropyl group.
5. Sequential Reductive Aminations
Another useful feature of reductive amination reactions is that two (or three if one starts with ammonia) reductive aminations can be employed in sequence. For example, look at the synthesis of the tertiary amine below.
Importantly, the sequence of reactions isn't crucial here. We could have done the first reductive amination with benzaldehyde first, and acetone second, and still obtained the same product.
6. Intramolecular Reductive Aminations
Finally, there's the intramolecular case, which always seems to give students a headache. If a molecule contains both an amine and a carbonyl, then it can cyclize to give a cyclic amine.
When drawing out the product of ring formation, I strongly advise counting and numbering your carbons. I've seen so many students make mistakes when redrawing that it's well worth the time to double check that you haven't left anything out.
7. Working Backwards: Planning A Reductive Amination
It might take some time to appreciate, but reductive amination is an extremely powerful way of making amines.
It's very helpful to be able to think backwards from an amine product to what the starting materials look like.
Look at the following tertiary amine. It is connected to three carbons, which we can label a, b, and c. Each of these N–C bonds could potentially be formed through reductive amination, since they have C-H bonds.
That means that there are three possible ways of making this amine through reductive amination, all of them acceptable!
In short, reductive amination is a very powerful and useful protocol for the formation of amines.
What about installing a phenyl group (see above)? For formation of bonds between nitrogen and sp2-hybridized carbons (e.g. alkenes or phenyl groups) or between nitrogen and sp-hybridized carbons (e.g. alkynes), reductive amination won't work.
Think about it. Note that the carbon attached to the nitrogen doesn't have a C-H bond. Therefore we can't work backwards to the reduction of a C=N bond with a hydride source.
One must resort to alternative techniques. Buchwald-Hartwig cross coupling is one of them.
Why sodium cyanoborohydride?
NaBH4 can be a perfectly acceptable reducing agent for reductive amination.
There's one slight problem with this reagent, however. What if the NaBH4 ends up reducing the aldehyde or ketone before it has a chance to react with the imine? That would lead to lower yields. [In practice, this can be reduced somewhat by giving the imine sufficient time to form, and then adding in NaBH4.
An even better approach involves the use of the slightly weaker reducing agent sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH3CN).
Why use a weaker reducing agent?
Recall that formation of an imine is best done under mildly acidic conditions (pH 4 or 5). [At mildly acidic pH, the carbonyl oxygen is protonated, speeding up the rate of addition to the carbonyl carbon; if the solution is too acidic, however, the amine nucleophile will be converted into its (non-nucleophilic) conjugate acid, an ammonium salt, and no reaction will occur.]
Once the imine forms at pH 4-5, some of it will be converted into its conjugate acid, an iminium salt.
The advantage of using NaBH3CN is that it isn't a strong enough reducing agent to reduce aldehydes or ketones, but it is a strong enough nucleophile to reduce iminium ions. Therefore more of the starting aldehyde/ketone will be converted into the amine. [This is particularly important when working with very precious samples of aldehyde].
Click to Flip
20 thoughts on "Reductive Amination"
Soham Chowdhury says:
Great post! Typo: reductive maintain -> reductive amination
Thank you. Damn autocorrect.
Chris J says:
We are interested in reductive amination of secondary fatty amines to dialkylmethylamines with formaldehyde under hydrogen partial pressure, rather than solid reducing agents.
Also of interest is direct conversion of primary fatty nitriles to dimethylalkylamines with DMA. This seems to be less well-described in the available literature.
At industrial scale, conversions and yields above 95% are important.
Enjoyed your post!
Josh Underwood says:
The condensed and thorough explanation on reductive aminations. Thanks!
Glad it was useful to you Josh, cheers!
taro says:
How can be explained difffent reactivity of imine (iminium ion) between (protonated) carbonyl with NaBH3CN?
The electrophile is the carbon, correct? And the more partial positive charge there is on that carbon, the better an electrophile it is, correct? Now draw the resonance form for the imine where you move the pair of electrons in the C-N pi bond to the nitrogen. Next, draw the conjugate acid (iminium) and do the same. Which resonance form do you think will be more stable between the two? Therein lies your answer.
Bottom line, protonation of the nitrogen results in a greater contribution from the resonance form where there is a positive charge on the carbon, and it's more electrophilic.
In the table under "Applying Reductive Amination", the benzaldehyde shown in "aldehyde to use" has an extra CH2.
Thank you. Will fix.
Can LAH reduce imines to amines?
I learnt that usually, excess amine must be used while carrying out reductive amination. Is this to increase the yield of the imine?
If yes, then would using excess of aldehyde/ketone also work?
Hey Britney – you want to use excess to make sure that the amine has a chance to react with all of the aldehyde/ketone first, before adding your hydride source. Once the hydride source is added any aldehyde/ketone that remains will be reduced to an alcohol rendering it useless for the process.
Xi C says:
Doesn't the section "Sequential Reductive Aminations" contradicts with the statement that "While alkylation can happen multiple times on an amine, imines only form once on a given amine"?
Ah. Yes, I see the source of your question. Maybe I should have written, "in the same reaction vessel".
During the course of an alkylation reaction, an amine can be alkylated, and then that product can be alkylated again. So when you go to try an isolate the product, you may find that multiple alkylations have occurred.
In reductive amination, imines will only form once in the same reaction vessel, and once they're reduced, that's the end of the reaction. Only one new C-N bond will have formed.
Now, once you've isolated and purified the product, if it's a primary or secondary amine there's nothing stopping you from doing a *second* reductive amination with a different aldehyde.
It would be awsome to have a few references as well. I am especially interested in the NaBH3CN part.
I would look it up in the Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis. The original reference I see is Borch. R, F. et. al. JACS, 1971, 93, 2897. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00741a013
EBB says:
Hi, nice post. I wanted to comment on a common misconception you have here though. From above:
The pka of a protonated amine is 9-12, whereas the pka for a protonated carbonyl is -6 or thereabout. Hence in a mildly acidic solution the carbonyl won't be appreciably protonated at all in comparison to the amine. The first step of this mechanism is amine addition to the carbonyl. The mild acidity serves to rapidly protonate the oxygen after addition of the amine and facilitate proton transfer for the removal of water. At least that's how I understand it. It's been awhile since phys org. Most texts get this wrong as well.
I love your cite, awesome resource for teachers and students!
Thanks for this, I'm adding it to my correction queue! Although I may be mistaken, I see pKa's of protonated carbonyls at about -2 or so. Still, that's about 15 orders of magnitude to traverse, so you're correct on this point.
Joseph Bequette says:
I think this makes more sense as well, the acid "serves to rapidly protonate the oxygen after addition.." instead of protonating the carbonyl ahead of time. But, why does the mechanism appear this way in so many texts? Surely, the authors know the drastic pKa differences of a carbonyl oxygen and an amine (which is a base!). I wonder if in certain solvents the carbonyl actually is preferentially protonated? I use dichloromethane as the solvent for this reaction and it works twice as fast with a little acetic acid present. In any case, reaction mechanisms tend to be just good guesses with lots of contradictions if examined too closely.
Thank you. I"m making a note to research this step and correct.


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The brand therefore casts some light on the invisible creators and unheard stories of the fashion world, while promoting responsible craftmaking of local laboratories and factories.
About a Worker 's fashion collections do not follow seasons but the countries where the production takes place. It has the ambition to travel where fashion has deep social, economic and environmental impacts. By collaborating with workers from different parts of the globe, About a Worker is also eager to take-part in a knowledge-sharing, learning from the experience of people they meet.
The brand's team participated in a workshop we organized on how to develop your brand. The also took consultancy sessions with us on how to better their chain value and brand.


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Morning Six Pack: November 8, 2012
Thirsty Thursday. Y;all know what to do. Drink up these six college football stories from around the country.
Petrino has interest in Kentucky opening
Bobby Petrino has interest in returning to coaching at Kentucky, according to his father.
Not a fan of football movies, including 'Junction Boys'
Alabama center Barrett Jones admitted Tuesday he actually has seen the forgettable ESPN movie from 2002, "The Junction Boys."
Daniels finally catching on with Irish
In January, a couple of weeks after Notre Dame's season had ended, DaVaris Daniels alerted his mother to be on the lookout for a package.
BYU, Virginia schedule home-and-home
BYU continues to fill up its 2013 schedule. On Wednesday, the university announced alongside the University of Virginia that the two sides have agreed to a home-and-home series in 2013 and '14.
Nick Saban, Will Muschamp recall LSU's 'Bluegrass Miracle'
Devery Henderson's improbable 74-yard tipped-ball game-winning touchdown against Kentucky happened 10 years ago Friday.
Emmert: Don't expect relaxed drug law
NCAA President Mark Emmert doubts that college sports' governing body will relax its drug standards for student-athletes now that two states have legalized recreational marijuana use.
Quotable:
Texas finally integrated in 1970 with offensive lineman Julius Whittier but too much black talent had escaped the Lone Star State. Texas native Greg Pruitt ran all over and around Texas in 1971 as Oklahoma registered a 48-27 whipping of the Horns with a faster and more explosive version of the Wishbone.
Finally, Royal began seeking black players. Running back Roosevelt Leaks became Texas' first black star in 1972, and Royal hit the recruiting jackpot when he persuaded future Heisman Trophy winner Earl Campbell to become a Longhorn in 1974. But Texas' days as a national title contender under Royal were done.
Years later Royal noted, "If you're saying we should have [integrated] a little sooner I would agree with you. All of us [in the SWC] should have, not just Texas."
Follow me on Twitter and Facebook.
Posted by David L. at 7:29 AM
Labels: College Football , Morning Six Pack


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London Olympics - live blog
Welcome to the Standard's Olympics 2012 live blog. Follow us for the latest pictures and rumours from our reporters across London as the capital counts down to tonight's opening ceremony. Please send your news and pictures to blog@standard.co.uk or by tweeting @Standardnews.
Here's something you don't see every day: David Beckham and Michelle Obama playing football and scoring past SpongeBob SquarePants
by Neil Hunter 7/27/2012 1:30:13 PM
Weightlifter Zoe Smith tweets the question we've all been pondering:
Why does sitting on the floor in your towel or pants always feel like the most practical thing to do after getting out the shower?
by Nick Curtis 7/27/2012 2:35:42 PM
So we now have the list of VIPs attending tonight's ceremony. It includes Michelle Obama and Sam Cam. The list is here.
If the prospect of a gold medal isn't enough to inspire our athletes - here are some good luck messages from Cheryl Cole, Lennox Lewis and Spider-Man himself Andrew Garfield
Tennis star Victoria Azarenka knows us well. She has just tweeted:
Today it feels more like London with the rain and cloudy weather. I guess because #olympics about to start.
As the official opening of the Games ticks closer, the Standard's sports editor Tim Nichols explains why Londoners are now so excited about it all:
Even now, just hours away from Opening Ceremony, I don't think anyone can comprehend how much we have to look forward to over the next two weeks. This will be a truly unforgettable experience and hopefully inspire the next generation. London – and Britain – should feel incredibly proud to be hosting the greatest show on earth. This is a once in a lifetime opportunity. Embrace it, enjoy it and soak up the unique atmosphere that surrounds the Games.
Apparently this is how to evade the clutches of the Olympic ad censors.
The volunteers have started arriving at the stadium for tonight's ceremony. A BBC journalist says they are all demanding to meet Tom Daley.
I've been holding the best link of the day until 5.04pm. Brian Sewell has written a comment piece for us about the ancient Games. Here is an extract:
The interval of four years or 50 lunar cycles between each set of games is in honour of Selene, Greek goddess of the Moon, and her long affection for Endymion, the most beautiful of shepherd boys. Sleeping naked with his flock he caught first the eye of Zeus (ever random in his sexual interests), and then of Hera, his wife and sister. Zeus usually threw an obliterating thunderbolt at wayward lovers but residual affection tempered his rage and, instead, he put Endymion to perpetual sleep, everlastingly beautiful. It was at this point that Selene, passing overhead (as the Moon must), caught sight of him naked in a hollow below Mount Latmus and began an affair that bore them 50 daughters, one for every cycle of the Moon that separates each set of games.
The link is here.
Meanwhile, at stately Buckingham Palace
As Danny Boyle's fave folkie Frank Turner sings, anyone up for a late bet on the torch-igniter? One Direction? Robert Pattinson? ... ooh, hold on, girls with bonnets and parasols
Satanic mills indeed. Marching suffragettes, jogging industrialists. Huw Edwards assures us there will be a pause "to remember the dead of two world wars"
So, in quick succession, Sgt Pepper battalion, Windrush immigrants, Chelsea Pensioners and a huge set of flaming rings hoisted into the sky. That looks pretty amazing and... WHOA CASCADE OF FIRE!!!
Stitch that, Beijing
I don't think I have seen anyone saunter with quite the same cocksurety as Daniel Craig. I am now imagining Danny Boyle pitching this idea to the Queen...
...especially the animatronic Churchill sculpture.
This is by turns jaw droppingly, audaciously bonkers and very moving. Thus a perfect riposte to the exponential gigantism of previous opening ceremonies. And the anthem sung by Kaos choir of deaf and hearing children - two verses, yet - simply beautiful.
"All seven of their medals have come from the canoe slalom"... I am suffering slightly from fact overdose. And not wishing to pour any damp water over a magnificent night, I'm with my colleague Richard Godwin's comments: all very well to praise Qatar for including women in the team for the first time, better to ask: what took them so long.?
by Nick Curtis 7/27/2012 10:40:01 PM
Missed this earlier, from Danny Boyle:
Thank you, everyone, for your kind words! Means the world to me.
The Tongans look fun...
London: "One of the greatest cities in the world." [One of?? ONE OF?!?]. "The only city to have hosted the Olympic Games three times." All of them in difficult times, all of them leaving us able to tell our grandchildren "we did it right". Whatever feelings about Olympics and eventual medal results, you have to admire the achievement in terms of the infrastructure and Danny Boyle's triumphant 180-degree reinvention of opening ceremonies. And, as Rogge notes, the contribution of the volunteers.
Astonishing pyrotechnics as the Queen declares the Games open and the flag is borne in. Doreen Lawrence looks stoical, Shami Chakrabarti slightly embarrassed, Muhammad Ali frail. But now - Beckham hands flame to Redgrave.
Lovely to hear some non-RP accents taking the oath, too.
Daniela Hantuchova:
It doesn't get better than this! What an incredible opening ceremony tonight... super cool!!


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This Could Be What The iPhone 6 Looks Like
Here it is, the iPhone 6. Or at least we're 95% sure that this is in fact Apple's highly anticipated, larger iPhone 6. The leaked low-resolution photos are of what appears to be the redesigned rear aluminum shell as well as the larger screen size of the soon to be released iPhone 6, which were anonymously posted on Twitter today. The parts do look mighty convincing and are also said to be in the hands of Sonny Dickson, which was the first person that has leaked legitimate photos of the iPhone 5c and Retina iPad mini months before the official Apple unveiling. It is rumored that Apple plans to use sapphire glass for the iPhone 6's display for its superior hardness and scratch-resistance compared to Gorilla Glass.
Other than having virtually no side screen bezel and a asymmetrical top and bottom portions, it looks like the iPhone 6 will be considerably slimmer than the iPhone 5 and iPhone 5s while also adapting a near-identical design to the current iPod touch which features a flat aluminum back with pronounced beveled edges with a polished chamfer - also found on the iPad mini and iPad Air. It is believed that Apple will release two different screen sizes of the iPhone 6: one with a 4.7-inch screen and one with a much larger 5.7-inch screen. It's difficult to tell from these leaked photos what screen size this device has, but if we were to guess by comparing the Touch id home button to the width of the iPhone 5s, it looks more like a 4.7-inch screen.
The only reason why anyone would pass these off as fakes or possibly prototypes that will never see the light of day is because the rear aluminum shell of these leaked iPhone 6 parts does not have a plastic or glass surface for the wireless antennas to breathe through signal reception like the rear shells of the iPod touch and previous iPhones. From what we already know, it would be impossible for these antenna to pass signal through such a solid metal design. Although it could be that Apple has found a way to engineer a clean and flawless aluminum unibody iPhone design (or possibly one that is made from a different type of material) without having to ruin the fluid use of a single piece of metal. More photos after the break!
Apple, Leaks
Apple iPhone 6, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 leak, iPhone 6 parts, iPhone 6 rumors


Anyone know how this pressing sounds compared to the original? I own the original and it sounds fine but it is slightly crunchy. I have worse ones for sure but this is a big favourite of mine and so I want to get a copy in the highest quality possible. Is it worth getting this repress or should I just stick with the original?


When we think of celebrating the resurrection of Christ each year, we usually begin with the observance of Palm Sunday, a remembrance of the day that Jesus entered Jerusalem (fulfilling Old Testament prophecy to the very day) as He was lauded as the King and Messiah by those who lined the road. But in order to understand the true significance of these events we need a clear picture of the actual time line. A careful examination of the Gospel accounts of this last week gives us a picture of what Jesus was doing and where He was each day of the week before He was crucified and raised from the dead in order to redeem His people.
So where was Jesus and what did He do and say each day of the last week before His crucifixion? Here is the Biblical text from the Gospel accounts arranged chronologically to be read this week so that you might study what happened daily with Jesus and the disciples.
Abib (or Nisan) was the first month in the Jewish year and falls in March/April on our current calendar. On the Tenth Day the families selected the Passover Lamb which was brought into the home as a pet and cared for until the time of preparing the Passover meal. On the Fourteenth Day the sacrifice of the lamb occurred between 3-5 pm, followed by the Passover meal where the lamb was cooked and eaten according to the regulations given in Exodus and Leviticus. On the Fifteenth to Twenty-first Days the Jews celebrated the Feast of Unleavened Bread.
Here are the Selected Scriptures arranged chronologically from the Four Gospels for each day of the Week. I will also post each day in the upcoming week these texts along with Extra Readings that highlight the happenings of that day during the week before the resurrection.
What Day Was Jesus Crucified?


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A canned 13% barley wine with raspberries and vanilla at £5.99 for 330ml? If we weren't engaged in this BWOASA mission for April, we'd have gone nowhere near.
A collaboration between Aberdeen's Fierce and Newport's Tiny Rebel, Bear Essentials turned up at Bottles & Books, our local craft boozatorium.
We didn't really like it. It was strong, but tasted thin. It was complex and weird, but not in a way that pleased us – a jumble rather than a cavalcade.
Specifics: it was red, had low carbonation and a loose head, and smelled like Bakewell tart. The suggestion of almond and biscuit base carried through into the flavour, joined by a subtle mouth-tightening sourness, and a heavy layer of vanilla.
White chocolate stout? Pastry Framboise? Maybe. Barley wine? Only because the label said so. Nothing about the look, texture or flavour suggested any connection to Golden Pride or Gold Label.
So what does barley wine signal in a craft beer context? High alcoholic strength, sweetness, and the absence of either hops or roasted flavours, we think.
After our depth-testing was a bit of a failure last week, we were starting to get really worried: was this going to be a month of posts about the absence of barley wine, old ale and strong ale?
Then we realised there was at least one safe bet: Fuller's.
The Old Fish Market isn't a pub we're mad keen on, tending to the businesslike in terms of atmosphere, though it does the job from time to time when we want a fix of one of our favourite London breweries.
Crucially, we also know it carries both Golden Pride and 1845 in bottles, and so on Friday night, before Ray caught a train to London, in we went for a bottle of each, with a chaser of ESB.
We don't drink Golden Pride often, perhaps once every couple of years. There's a lingering sense in our minds that it's a bit… trashy, maybe? It's not bottle-conditioned, it's less complex than some other Fuller's strong ales, and has a less interesting backstory. Which is why a mission like this is helpful in focusing the mind: it's a great beer, and we're lucky it still exists.
Copper-coloured and jewel-like, it delivered everything we expect from the ideal barley wine: sweetness, fruitiness, richness. Sherry, fruitcake, dates and prunes. Golden syrup, honey and brown sugar. An avalanche of marmalade.
Again, we found ourselves wondering where the boundary between this type of beer and old-school double IPA might lie. Perhaps side-by-side the distinction would be clearer.
Anyway, yes, here it is – the official standard reference barley wine, against which others should be judged.
We used to love 1845, the classic bottle-conditioned strong ale, but apparently we've grown apart.
Perhaps it was the close comparison to Golden Pride but, even at 6.3%, it seemed thin, harsh and unpleasantly earthy. As it warmed up, it gained some weight, and the bitterness fell back into something like balance, but it lacked fruitiness.
Its main effect was to make us really, really want a pint of ESB.
We're lucky to have ESB, too. At its best – and on Friday, it was at its best – it's a beer that brings the depth and density of a nip-bottle-sipper into the pub pint glass.
Even after drinking Golden Pride at 8.5%, ESB at 5.5 tasted chewy, charming and luscious. You know the flavours but, just in case: marmalade, fruitcake, mild spice, cherry and orange zest. Hot cross buns perhaps sums it up.
Maybe this is why we don't drink Golden Pride more often – because ESB provides 80% of the pleasure with far less boozy intensity, while still feeling like a special treat.
We floated out of the OFM quite happy, feeling that we were finally on the right track.


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The New Landscape of Libertarianism
by Russell Hasan, Esq. | Posted January 12, 2011
New York magazine published an article called "The Trouble With Liberty" in its January 3–10, 2011 issue. I was intrigued by a line on the magazine's cover. It asked, "Are we all libertarians now?" And what I found in the essay was very interesting.
The author, Christopher Beam, presents a brief yet wide history of libertarianism, ranging from Ron and Rand Paul and Paul Ryan to David Boaz to Ayn Rand and Friedrich Hayek. Beam explains that libertarianism has elements from both the Right and the Left and does not fit easily into either mode, and he outlines the various attempts to promote a libertarian country — from those that would enlist the Republican Party or the Libertarian Party, to Brink Lindsey's Liberaltarianism, to the Free State Project and the Seasteading Institute.
Beam pegs libertarians as crazy old uncles or Dungeons & Dragons players, but his history of libertarianism is quite complimentary. He says that the Founding Fathers and the Constitution were actually more libertarian than anything else. The gist of the essay is that with the Tea Party movement and the rise of Rand Paul and Paul Ryan, libertarianism is on the rise and our moment has come.
But halfway through, Mr. Beam changes his tone and gets to the heart of his essay, which is a critique of libertarianism and an explanation of why he thinks it is a bad policy for the United States. His arguments aren't theoretically sophisticated and are designed to appeal to a mass audience: if there are poor people, and charity can't provide for them, then we need welfare or else they will steal from us; we need public education in case the free market can't educate everyone; we need a central bank in order to print a uniform currency. He mentions "asymmetrical information" and "public goods," and argues that if the bailout had not happened then innocent investors and homeowners who innocently misunderstood the riskiness of their loans would have been punished. "There's always a tension between freedom and fairness," he says, and we libertarians "pretend the tension doesn't exist."
We must shift the alignment of America's political discourse so that socialism no longer sounds like common sense, and our proposals seem like the new common sense.
Libertarianism can never succeed, he claims, because politicians must compromise and libertarians refuse to compromise or cooperate. One of the overarching criticisms in the essay, and perhaps its most obnoxious, is the subtle implication that libertarians have such a hard time accomplishing real change because we know that our theories are mere impractical abstractions unsuitable for pragmatic flesh-and-blood reality, so we would be revealed as idiots if we ever achieved political power.
The refutations of Beam's arguments are so obvious that I need not detail them. What is more significant is the mere existence of his essay. It is, in my opinion, one of the early post-Tea Party attempts by the Left to come up with an ideological response to people with open minds from taking libertarianism seriously. I strongly doubt that libertarianism has reached the peak of its popularity, but what this essay signals to me is that people who ten or twenty years ago might never have known what libertarianism is are now hearing the word "libertarianism" and asking what it means. Beam provides a leftist answer to that question. But he also cites surveys showing that more people now define themselves as libertarians than ever before, and that this poses a threat to the liberal-conservative establishment.
If the Tea Party phenomenon grows and Rand Paul's career continues, we should expect to see many more such essays. I think that they will all follow Beam's pattern. "The Trouble With Liberty" shows what two challenges we must overcome in order to be taken seriously.
First, there is something, call it "common sense" or the "social imagination" or whatever, but there is a set of simple political ideas that, whether true or false, permeates a culture. We need to introduce arguments into the American intellectual culture to refute the "common sense" arguments for statism, such as the argument that we need a welfare state to rescue the poor. We must shift the alignment of America's political discourse so that socialism no longer sounds like common sense, and our proposals, which Beam skewers as extremist, seem like the new common sense. This is similar to what Glenn Beck claims the socialists did to us with the Overton Window – shifting cultural common sense by gradually introducing extreme ideas until they become mainstream — but it works in reverse.
Second, we must prove that libertarianism can work in practice as well as in theory, and we must call upon our libertarian politicians to show the American people that it is possible to have noble ideals while still being pragmatic and getting things done. In my opinion the danger is not that Rand Paul and Paul Ryan will make too many compromises; it is the opposite: they will be too idealistic and take an all-or-nothing approach to change, and thus will be unable to work with their Republican colleagues. In that way, they will confirm the fears that Beam would like to promote.
"Libertarianism is still considered the crazy uncle of American politics," Beam writes. It is only natural for the liberal-conservative establishment to oppose us by laughing at us so loudly that nobody will take us seriously. That is, after all, right out of Ellsworth Toohey's playbook. The question is how we will respond to the laughter — by behaving like weird extremists and impractical idealists, or by showing that we deserve to be taken seriously and that our abstract theories really will work in practical reality.
Russell Hasan lives and works as an attorney in the northeastern United States. He is the author of many books, all of which are available on Amazon in Kindle and paperback editions. His likes include coffee and the New York Yankees, among other things.
Ed Burley
Russell, I appreciate this article. One huge problem that I see is that 3 of the four libertarians you mentioned in your article are not recognized as libertarians by some "libertarians." I've seen Rand Paul criticized because he doesn't take a strong enough anti-war stand. I've heard more than 1 commentator claim that Beck is a neo-con. And most recently, I've seen Ryan criticized for his "fake gold policy."
What saddens me is the opportunity that libertarians have to work with Independents and Moderates to find a pragmatic, market solution to problems. As you rightly point out, the "all or nothing" mentality can be dangerous.
One prime example that I see at the present is our new governor here in Michigan. Mr. Snyder has been labeled a RINO by conservative Republicans. My hope is that the LP of Michigan would take off their boxing gloves and help Mr. Snyder find market-solutions for our problems. Our governor is pragmatic enough to listen to any idea that is workable. With a centrist Republican control over both houses of the legislature, we have an opportunity to be creative.
I believe that as creative ideas are implemented, it will set a precedence for future libertarian policies - as long as we are not preempted by the purist purveyors of our views.


Whenever I begin a message on submission, I remind my audience that this a very simple message to preach. It's just a really hard message to live. I can preach it in ten minutes, but it will it take a lifetime of moment by moment surrender to learn it.
If you could leave all of your preconceived ideas behind and simply study the word submission, you would immediately notice it's comprised of two ideas: sub and mission. The prefix "sub" means "to be under." We hear it in the word subway or submarine. But vehicles that travel underground or underwater don't find their path nearly as difficult as the human soul that attempts to submit its will to another.
Simply put, submission means to place my desires under the purpose of the mission.
No one ever lived out this principle as definitively as Jesus.
In the final week of his life, Jesus spoke with great transparency of his soul's emotional condition. On Tuesday of the passion week, one of his disciples brought to him a group of non-believers. The teaching moment prompted Jesus to speak about his death. In so doing, he opened up a private window into his soul.
There is such strength and violence in the word troubled. It's meaning eludes our English language.
The root word tarasso is used elsewhere in the Bible to reveal one's condition at the loss of a loved one (John 11:33; 14:1, 27). As a pastor, on more than one occasion, I have been the bearer of the news that a loved one has died. I have heard uncontrollable wailing. I have seen sheer terror in the eyes of a the young boy at the news of his father's death. I have seen the body shake uncontrollably, as emotions refuse restraint. When a parent loses a child, sometimes the soul refuses to be comforted. I have heard of people that responded to this kind of news with vomiting or losing consciousness.
Here is the point: Jesus chooses that word to describe what his soul is doing as he nears the certainty of the cross.
Because prayer has been such a vital resource for Jesus, it shouldn't surprise us that he bursts into prayer in that moment of terror — as if oblivious to the crowd that has gathered.
"Now is my soul troubled. And what shall I say? 'Father, save me from this hour'? But for this purpose I have come to this hour. 28 Father, glorify your name.'" (John 12:27-28).
With uncontrollable fear still rising in his soul, he placed his desires beneath the mission. He wanted the Father's name to be glorified at all costs—even if it meant his impending death.
Because the Father understood the battle taking place in the soul of his son, he spoke from heaven with an audible voice.
Then a voice came from heaven: "I have glorified it, and I will glorify it again" . . . 30 Jesus answered, "This voice has come for your sake, not mine. . . 32 And I, when I am lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself." 33 He said this to show by what kind of death he was going to die (John 12:28b-33).
Having received assurance that the mission will be accomplished (God's name would be glorified), Jesus referenced his impending death (that's sub-mission). Jesus provides us with a vivid reminder that our desires (whatever they might be) are to be subjugated to the mission. For Jesus, nothing matters more than the glory of his Father.
This entry was posted in Christian Living, Pride and tagged is submission in the Bible, Submission, what does the Bible say about submission.
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These verses echo through me today…I know when my soul is troubled I'm quick to cry out "save me from this hour" but forget that "this hour" is in His purpose and I can choose to have His name glorified or my own, the first will bring joy while the other may only bring happiness. "…who for the joy set before Him suffered…" my submission must daily and at times minute by minute be for His glory. I shared the following to close friends yesterday and share it today in light of this truth.
I know I was made for you O Lord!
What a great message. No matter what our circumstance is our focus should be to Glorify God. Thanks Phil.


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Palestinian president says not to join U.S. sponsored economic workshop in Bahrain
Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas is pictured at the UN headquarters in New York, Jan. 14, 2019. (Xinhua)
RAMALLAH (Xinhua) – Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas announced on Saturday that Palestine will not participate in the U.S.-sponsored economic workshop to be held in Manama, capital of Bahrain, on June 25.
Abbas stressed that "we reject the U.S. peace plan," better known as the "Deal of the Century," in a meeting with the leaders of the Fatah Youth Movement in Ramallah.
The U.S. administration is planning to soon present the peace plan for resolving the conflict in the Middle East. The Palestinians have announced that they reject it.
"Jerusalem and Palestine are not for sale," Abbas told the leaders, adding that "the Palestinian leadership is sticking to the stable legitimate rights of the Palestinian people to establish their independent state."
The Palestinian Authority (PA) severed its political ties with the United States after President Donald Trump declared Jerusalem as the capital of Israel in December 2017 and moved his country's embassy to the city in May last year.
Meanwhile, Abbas reiterated the Palestinians' rejection to receive the partial funds of the tax revenue dues collected by Israel on behalf of the PA from the Palestinian trade.


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Echoes of Hyderabad Mecca Masjid blasts: Three men united by 'nightmares'
A realtor, a salesman and a doctor recount experiences after being 'wrongly imprisoned' on suspicion of being involved in triggering bomb blasts in the city in 2007.
Published: 15th April 2018 05:29 AM | Last Updated: 16th April 2018 10:43 AM | A+A A-
Mohammed Abdul Kareem and Ibrahim Ali Junai, who were 'wrongly arrested' by the Andhra Pradesh police after a series of bomb blasts in 2007. (EPS | Vinay Madupu)
Hyderabad: Security beefed up ahead of Mecca Masjid blast verdict
Hyderabad Mecca Masjid blast case: All you need to know
Mecca Masjid blast case: Lt Colonel Purohit declared hostile witness
By Aihik Sur
Express News Service
HYDERABAD: Abdul Wajid, now in his 30s, was in his embroidery shop going about his daily chores when around 30-40 policemen in mufti reportedly cordoned off the neighbourhood and took him into custody. However, what followed for the next few days changed not only his life but several others who were allegedly arrested in a similar fashion.
Wajid and others were allegedly tortured in farmhouses for days altogether and "wrongly imprisoned" on suspicion of perpetrating the blasts in Mecca Masjid, Lumbini Park and Gokul Chat, and were later acquitted. On Monday, an NIA court, will deliver the judgment in connection to the Mecca Masjid blast case.
They were later released after the court pointed out the irregularities in the arrests and the lack of evidence. Though they were paid a meagre compensation by the then AP government and given a "good conduct" certificate for their "misfortune", they say their lives have never been the same.
ALSO READ | Mecca Masjid blast case: Lt Colonel Purohit declared hostile witness
Till today, 11 years after the bad experience, I am still not over what I endured. It takes a little while to realise that I am in my home," claimed Wajid, who now works as a realtor.
An elderly woman walks with a child at the Mecca Masjid during
a curfew imposed after communal rioting, in Hyderabad. AP
Another youngster, Mohammad Abdul Kareem, too, was allegedly picked up by in a similar manner. "During the Mecca Masjid blast and the subsequent police firing, I helped in the rescue operations. It was probably during that time I came under the scanner of the police. In the following days, I felt that the police were following me. And finally days after the subsequent bomb blasts, the police nabbed me after I completed my morning prayers (fazr)," claimed Kareem,who then used to work as a salesman.
"Though it has been eleven years since the arrests and though the court gave me a clean chit and said that I am not a terrorist, some people still don't want to be seen with me. A few relatives still don't talk to me," Kareem claimed.
READ | Aseemanand gets bail in Mecca Masjid case
Similarly, Dr Ibrahim Ali Junaid was returning from a medical seminar in Delhi when the police reportedly apprehended him at the railway station without citing any reason. However for Junaid, on being picked up on suspicion, professional life also took a hit.
"Even after my release, the police always kept an eye on me. This was the reason why I lost my job," Junaid claimed. It was then that he says he decided to open a clinic in his neighbourhood Akbarbagh. Although that seems to be going on well for him, the police still visited him as recently as 2016, asking about his whereabouts, he claimed.
For Wajid, Junaid and Kareem, moving on in life, even after 11 years, has been tough. "I still don't have the courage to tell my mother and wife what I endured. They got to know whatever happened through the media," said Kareem.
"If I share my ordeal with someone else, they stop talking to me thinking that the same thing might happen to them as well," he added.
The three, who didn't know each other before getting arrested, only have each other to have a conversation or to share their feelings regarding the subject.
HYDERABAD: Abdul Wajid, now in his 30s, was in his embroidery shop going about his daily chores when around 30-40 policemen in mufti reportedly cordoned off the neighbourhood and took him into custody. However, what followed for the next few days changed not only his life but several others who were allegedly arrested in a similar fashion. Wajid and others were allegedly tortured in farmhouses for days altogether and "wrongly imprisoned" on suspicion of perpetrating the blasts in Mecca Masjid, Lumbini Park and Gokul Chat, and were later acquitted. On Monday, an NIA court, will deliver the judgment in connection to the Mecca Masjid blast case. They were later released after the court pointed out the irregularities in the arrests and the lack of evidence. Though they were paid a meagre compensation by the then AP government and given a "good conduct" certificate for their "misfortune", they say their lives have never been the same. ALSO READ | Mecca Masjid blast case: Lt Colonel Purohit declared hostile witness Till today, 11 years after the bad experience, I am still not over what I endured. It takes a little while to realise that I am in my home," claimed Wajid, who now works as a realtor. An elderly woman walks with a child at the Mecca Masjid during a curfew imposed after communal rioting, in Hyderabad. AP Another youngster, Mohammad Abdul Kareem, too, was allegedly picked up by in a similar manner. "During the Mecca Masjid blast and the subsequent police firing, I helped in the rescue operations. It was probably during that time I came under the scanner of the police. In the following days, I felt that the police were following me. And finally days after the subsequent bomb blasts, the police nabbed me after I completed my morning prayers (fazr)," claimed Kareem,who then used to work as a salesman. "Though it has been eleven years since the arrests and though the court gave me a clean chit and said that I am not a terrorist, some people still don't want to be seen with me. A few relatives still don't talk to me," Kareem claimed. READ | Aseemanand gets bail in Mecca Masjid case Similarly, Dr Ibrahim Ali Junaid was returning from a medical seminar in Delhi when the police reportedly apprehended him at the railway station without citing any reason. However for Junaid, on being picked up on suspicion, professional life also took a hit. "Even after my release, the police always kept an eye on me. This was the reason why I lost my job," Junaid claimed. It was then that he says he decided to open a clinic in his neighbourhood Akbarbagh. Although that seems to be going on well for him, the police still visited him as recently as 2016, asking about his whereabouts, he claimed. For Wajid, Junaid and Kareem, moving on in life, even after 11 years, has been tough. "I still don't have the courage to tell my mother and wife what I endured. They got to know whatever happened through the media," said Kareem. "If I share my ordeal with someone else, they stop talking to me thinking that the same thing might happen to them as well," he added. The three, who didn't know each other before getting arrested, only have each other to have a conversation or to share their feelings regarding the subject.
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Home/Soft Light/Games/The Lord of the Rings Online 2023 Free Download for PC
The Lord of the Rings Online 2023 Free Download for PC
Playing methods and strategies
The Lord of the Rings – The place to rest
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Rohan's Riders
Download The Lord of the Rings Online 2023 Free
The Lord of the Rings Online is a multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) for desktops or laptops! The Epic Story is an ongoing series of action-packed adventures or missions. These adventures begin the moment you start playing and feature characters like Bilbo Baggins / Gandalf the Gray / Strider / Ranger of the North.
During important events in Epic Story, the Session Play raises you from your hero's shoes and puts you in temporary control of a legendary character. But no matter how you tell stories, you'll always earn rewards for your growing hero.
There are many ways to play The Lord of the Rings Online PC game, and several mission-controlling items: Armorer / Armsman / Explorer, Historian / Tinkerer / Woodsman / Yeoman. To start with, an in-game tutorial teaches you about each crafting profession.
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As your level of industrialization increases, you can create increasingly powerful armor, weapons, and jewelry. In high-level crafting, you can create rare legendary items.
Take an occasional break from the adventure with LOTRO's unique PvMP combat. You recruit a soldier for Sauron! Fight like a brutal Uruk-hai, evil Orc, cunning Warg, or hidden spider. Get the name and fame as a servant of the Dark Lord or, bring your heroic character to the Ettenmoors to challenge Monster Players in exciting combat. No matter which side you choose, winning in PvMP brings riches and rewards in the form of armor, weapons, and many more.
You can decorate and furnish your residence in one of Middle-earth's four residential areas:
Relaxing Hobbit Hills at The Shire.
Forest fields in the town of Bree.
Falathlorn's majestic Elven plants.
The crystal columns at Thorin's Hall.
In LOTRO you can choose many types of houses.
Neighborhood amenities always include bankers, healers, poets, and more.
Skirmishes are thematic-driven battles that you create, customize, and instantly transfer from anywhere and anytime you want.
Types of offensive, defensive, and survival targets include.
Bonuses from these battles accumulate in the form of shields, weapons, and more.
Popular skirmish sites include Weathertop / The Shire / Moria and many more.
Skirmishes can be played alone or with up to 11 AI friends and soldiers and are customizable characters.
They can help you in battle and vary from archers and healers to agents and defenders.
Legendary weapons and accessories are an additional path to progress.
Their abilities are enhanced by equipment acquisition and upgrades as you use them to defeat opponents.
You can customize the legendary item even further by giving it a unique name.
Like an ancient Blade, the Sting that Hobbit Bilbo Baggins found in his youth, and after nearly 100 years.
Gifting him to his adopted nephew Frodo Baggins in The Fellowship of the Ring.
The profound history of a mythical ingredient is matched only by its ability to produce great and powerful results.
📌 Note! To start, you have to download the game to your device first, if you haven't already, and through this link to create your game account!
Much of the gameplay is typical of the massive multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) format: the user controls a character avatar that can be moved around the virtual world and interacts with other players, non-player characters, and other elements. Levels are earned through beating opponents and completing objectives, as well as by wearing equipment and utilising consumable boosts. Characters get additional talents and trait points as they level up, which may be allocated in numerous combinations to tailor their own playstyle.
The mission tracker allows players to follow goals on the mini-map and travel through the game environment on foot or with personal mounts such as horses, ponies, goats, and elks. In-game "stable-masters" and some "fast travel" talents allow for instantaneous travel as well. In addition to the thorough Quest log, player characters have a Deed log that chronicles their progress across a wide range of achievements, from frivolous to necessary for character advancement.
Morale is the Lord of the Rings Online equivalent of health or hit points, and it may be increased through food, rest, music, and battle cries. Characters whose morale falls to zero are regarded as "defeated" rather than slain. Because magic in Tolkien's Middle–earth varies from other fantasy games like World of Warcraft, the equivalent of mana is called "power" or "wrath." Player characters can have their own home, which can be designed and used as extra storage.
Each character may master up to three vocations, which are divided between "gathering" of raw materials and real "manufacturing" of useable things. Tolkien's portrayal of Hobbits in his books places a strong focus on cookery and agricultural cultivation.
The Cosmetic system allows players to personalize the appearance of their characters by displaying armor and weaponry other than those used for combat effectiveness. In addition to their character name, players can select a title to show and whether or not to display their current PvMP (PvP) rank.
Have been introduced to the Mines of Moria. Which, like the player character, receives experience points and levels. Each character has the ability to equip two class-specific legendary artifacts (one of which is always the primary weapon) that contain 'Legacies' that grant bonuses to class-specific skills. Along with standard experience points, players receive Legendary Item experience, which may be used to level up various Legendary items.
Each item level has a certain quantity of Legendary points that may be given to particular Legacies to boost their power. Players may further personalize their legendary goods by naming them, bestowing titles on them, and inserting extra jewels and runes.
Characters can begin utilizing Legendary items at level 50, although they must be updated on a regular basis until level 100 when Legendary things can be "imbued." Imbued Legendary Items can remain relevant despite character level increases, but they require the user to apply numerous crystals, scrolls, and runes to do so.
Mounted combat was added to the game. While ordinary character mounts simply give a speed boost and minor attack protection, the new Rohirric war steeds let players use special "mounted" skills and attacks while mounted. War steeds feature many of the same metrics as player characters, such as morale and power, and may be modified by choosing different types of war steeds, investing in different trait lines, and changing mounted positions.
Players may also purchase a Legendary bridle item to modify the appearance of their war horses by mixing and combining numerous aesthetic features. Gondor added essence gear, allowing players to personalize their armor. The update also included dungeons that reinstated prior instanced encounters and rescued challenge levels to higher levels. It included fresh dungeons that changed regularly, as well as wandering dangers around Middle Earth, which included world bosses in several regions.
Software name: The Lord of the Rings Online
License: Free to Play
Kernel: 64-bit
Developer: Standing Stone Games LLC
Official website: signup.lotro.com
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Dylan - Dylan definitely has a trait many people would be quite jealous of - he looks a lot younger than he actually is! Funny enough, however, Dylan confesses to not being as thrilled about that as others would. I guess I could understand his frustrations when he mentions getting carded when trying to see R-rated movies at the theater! On his 21st birthday, he went out bar-hopping with friends but actually had to return home early to pick up 2 extra forms of ID because none of the bouncers or bartenders would believe him from just his driver's license. Even armed with a DL, passport, and birth certificate, none of the bartenders were willing to serve him more than 2 drinks before he had to move on to the next bar!


I remember fondly my art teacher from schooldays, whose great catchphrase was, "Rules are made for fools!" While this sounds like the slogan of an anarchist, he explained its meaning in simple terms. Most rules were the product of common sense and no sensible person would want to break them. So the Highway Code ensures that the rules of the road are commonly understood. When broken, accidents happen. They are often broken because of one person's selfish need to serve their interests at the expense of other road users.
"Rules are made for fools" might offer a useful paraphrase here for Jesus' teaching. Only as we discover the value of Jesus' teachings can we begin to live in complete freedom. My prison is less bricks, mortar and bars but the thoughts that continually assault my mind, stirring up self-consciousness, fears and anxiety. My learning has been that God has my interests in hand, even though I cannot see my end from my beginning.
I take time in silence with God at the start of each day. As I focus on God, using the Jesus prayer to focus me upon my purpose, my mind unleashes hundreds of different thoughts, each seeking to capture my attention and distract me from God. If you have ever grown strawberries, you will know that the plants put out runners after fruiting. Simply pot these runners and you have yourself new strawberry plants for the next year. Like these runners, my mind gets captured by a thought and I begin to pot it and give it life of its own before recalling why I am taking this time in silence.
God wants his rules for life to establish themselves in our lives. For that to happen, we are to read scripture, pray and engage with others seeking to serve and follow God.
How can you know Christ's teachings better?
Thank you, Jesus, that you are the truth and that you have set me free. Help me hold onto you.