text:
\section{Introduction}

The thermally activated escape over potential barriers
under the influence of an external  force  has been
first solved by Kramers for a point particle \cite{Kramers}.  Since
then this process  has been  extensively studied not only
for point particles \cite{Haenggi} but also for
extended objects such as elastic strings.
Examples are provided by condensed matter systems:
  dislocation motion in crystals
\cite{Seeger,KP70},
motion of flux lines in type-II
superconductors \cite{vortex}, or charge-density waves \cite{CDW}.
An analogous problem is the activated motion of
polymers over a potential barrier, which has been considered
both for flexible  \cite{sebastian} and semiflexible
 polymers \cite{KLK04, KLK05}.

In all of these previous studies,  the thermally activated
motion  is induced  by  spatially  {\em uniform} forces which
 are applied to the whole polymer or elastic line.
In contrast, in the present article, we will address
 the thermally activated
motion of  polymers over potential barriers
in the presence of
a {\em point} force which acts only locally on the polymer.
We will consider both flexible and semiflexible polymers.

Our theoretical study  is motivated by
experimental  advances in  the manipulation  and
visualization of  single polymers using optical \cite{Ashkin}
 and magnetic \cite{Strick} tweezers, or scanning force microscopy
\cite{SeverinRabe}.
In ref.~\cite{SeverinRabe} it has been demonstrated that
these techniques  allow to experimentally  apply
localized point forces to a  polymer adsorbed on a substrate.
Polymers that are strongly adsorbed onto crystalline substrates
 such as graphite or mica  experience   a spatially
modulated  adsorption  potential reflecting the underlying
crystal  lattice structure and giving rise  to  preferred
orientations of the adsorbed polymer.
For such systems,
 the  dynamics of the adsorbed polymer is governed by thermal activation
over the potential barriers of the surface potential.

One example of  polymers adsorbed on  a  structured surface are
self-assembling polymer chains consisting of
  long-chain alkanes and alkylated small
molecules  on crystalline substrates such as the basal plane of
graphite \cite{RabeBuchholz}.
The alkyl chains orient along the substrate axes thereby providing an
effective periodic adsorption potential.
Also  biopolymers such as  DNA or polyelectrolytes can be oriented
on the basal plane of graphite by using long chain alkanes as an oriented
template layer   \cite{kurth02,SeverinRabe}.
It has been demonstrated experimentally that these polymers can be
manipulated  individually on the structured surface
by applying
point  forces using  the tip of a scanning force microscope
 \cite{SeverinRabe}.

Our main results are as follows.
At low forces, the dynamics of the polymer
is governed by thermal activation and
 nucleation of localized kink-like excitations
 as shown in fig.\ \ref{shape}.
We calculate the critical point force below which the
polymer moves by thermal activation over the  barriers of the
adsorption potential.
The steady state of this  activated motion determines
the profile and velocity of the moving polymer and
is governed by the (collective) driven motion of
the kink excitations which can be described as
a one-dimensional symmetric simple
 exclusion process of these excitations.
Our  results for the critical point force, the velocity, and the
profile of the moving polymer are  accessible in
manipulation experiments on adsorbed polymers and allow
to extract  material parameters of the  polymer and the substrate
structure from such experiments.
We will first present detailed calculations for stiff,
semiflexible polymers.  Results for flexible polymers
are discussed in the end.

\section{Model}
\label{sec_model}

We consider the dynamics of a semiflexible polymer adsorbed to a
planar two-dimensional structured substrate  under  the influence of  an
external point force $F_p$ pulling the polymer. A generic model of
the substrate structure is  a double-well potential that is
translationally invariant  in
one direction, say the $x$-axis as in fig.\ \ref{shape}.
The semiflexible polymer has a bending rigidity $\kappa$ and
persistence length $L_p = 2\kappa/T$ where $T$ is the temperature in
energy units. We focus on the regime where the  potential
wells are sufficiently deep and narrow
so that the adsorbed polymer is oriented along the  $x$-axis  and   can be
parameterized by displacements $z(x)$ perpendicular to the $x$-axis
with $-L/2 < x < L/2$, where $L$ is the projected length of
polymer, see fig.\ \ref{shape}.
The Hamiltonian of an oriented  polymer is given by
\begin{equation}
{\cal H}\{z(x)\} = \int_{-L/2}^{L/2} dx
  \left[  \frac{\kappa}{2}\left(\partial_x^2z\right)^2+ V(z)
    \right]
~,
\label{hamil}
\end{equation}
i.e., the sum  of  bending
and   potential energy \cite{KLK04, KLK05}.
We consider a piecewise harmonic double-well potential
\begin{equation}
 V_p(x,z)\equiv  V_0(z) -F_p\delta(x-x_p)z
\label{Vp}
\end{equation}
with $V_0(z) \equiv  \frac{1}{2} V_{0}(|z|-a)^2$, where
$V_0$ is the depth of the potential.
The potential (\ref{Vp})
 contains the action of a point force pulling the
polymer at the point $x=x_p$ with a force $F_p$
 in the $z$-direction.
For zero point force $F_p=0$,
the potential is symmetric, translationally invariant in
the $x$-direction, has  a
 barrier height $V_0a^2/2$,  and the  distance
between minima is $2a$. For $F_p>0$, the point force
in (\ref{Vp}) breaks the translational invariance
of the system.

Our assumption of  an oriented polymer is valid if U-turns of the
polymer
within a single potential well are suppressed by the bending energy.
This is the case if the size $2a$
of each potential well in the $z$-direction
 is  smaller than the
 persistence length $L_p$. This condition is typically fulfilled
for adsorbing substrates structured  on the nm-scale \cite{RabeBuchholz}.
Furthermore, the
polymer should be  strongly adsorbed, which
corresponds to  a small
density of thermally induced kink excitations, i.e.,
 $E_k\gg T$  where $E_k$ is the
kink energy, see eq.~(\ref{Ek}) below and ref.\ \cite{KLK04} .

The overdamped motion of  the polymer is described by \cite{KLK04, KLK05}
\begin{equation}
   \gamma \partial_t z
  =  -\frac{\delta {\cal H}}{\delta z} + \zeta(x,t)
  = - \kappa\partial_x^{4} z
    -V_0'(z) +F_p\delta(x-x_p) +  \zeta(x,t)
~,
\label{EOMf}
\end{equation}
 where $\gamma$ is the damping constant and $\zeta(x,t)$ is a
Gaussian distributed thermal random force
with $\langle \zeta \rangle=0$ and
correlations $\langle \zeta(x,t) \zeta(x',t') \rangle
=2 \gamma   T\delta(x-x')\delta(t-t')$.
We neglect longitudinal motion of polymer segments
(see ref.\cite{KLK05} for a discussion)  and do not study
the effects of an external tension or compression.
For $V_p=0$,  tension and  compression have been considered in \cite{S96}
and \cite{G98}, respectively.

 \begin{figure}[t]
 \begin{center}
  \epsfig{file=spoinnucl2.eps,width=0.45\textwidth}~~~
 \epsfig{file=energ2.eps,width=0.5\textwidth}
 \caption{
    \label{shape}\label{zmEp}
(a) Kink-antikink
  configuration of a semiflexible
 polymer in a double-well potential $V$  under
 the action of a point force $F_p$ displacing  the midpoint in
  the   $z$-direction to a value $z_m$.
 The configuration $z_k(x)$ is calculated for
  $F_p/F_{c}=0.19$, $z_m/a=0.21$
  ($L_2/w_k=1.1$, $L_1/w_k=15$) and has an energy $E/2E_k=0.72$.
(b)  The midpoint $z_m$ (in units of $a$) as a function of the external
force (in units of critical force $4E_k/a$).
(c) Energy $E(z_m)$  (in units of $2E_k$)
 of a kink-antikink pair  as a function of the
 midpoint $z_m$ (in units of $a$) for different forces $F_p/F_c=0,0.19,0.5$.
 }
 \end{center}
 \end{figure}

\section{Static kinks}
\label{static_kink}

First, we calculate the stationary shape of the semiflexible
polymer that is
deformed by a point force acting
at its midpoint  into a
kink-antikink
configuration  $z_{k}(x)$ as shown in fig.~\ref{shape}a.
This  configuration is obtained by displacing the
polymer at the midpoint where the point force acts to a
prescribed position  $z_m$  and letting the
rest of the polymer equilibrate.
Therefore, we have to solve
 the saddle-point equation ${\delta {\cal H}}/{\delta z}=0$ for the
energy (\ref{hamil}), i.e.,  eq.\
(\ref{EOMf}) for the  time-independent case and in the absence of
noise ($\zeta=0$),  with appropriate  boundary conditions {\em and}
a  prescribed position $z_k(x_p)=z_m$.
For $z_m>0$ the kink configuration crosses the barrier at two points,
see fig.~\ref{shape}a;
we choose  the origin $x=0$ and the  length $L_2$
such that these points are $z_{k}(0)=0$  and $z_{k}(L_2)=0$.
The polymer  has a total length  $L=L_1+L_2$
and  extends from $x=-L_1/2$ to $x=L_1/2+L_2$, and the force
acts at the midpoint $x_p = L_2/2$.
The kink-like configuration has to fulfill four
boundary  conditions,  $z_{k}(-L_1/2)=z_{k}(-L_1/2+L_2)=-a$
 and
 $z'_{k}|_{-L_1/2}=z'_{k}|_{-L_1/2+L_2} =0$.
At the midpoint $x_p=L_2/2$,  we fix
the displacement $z_m$ of the polymer $z_{k}(x_p)=z_m$,  and
the  point force   causes a discontinuity
 in the  third derivative,
$z'''_{k}(x_p+)-z'''_{k}(x_p-)=F_p/\kappa$.
In addition, $z_{k}(x)$ and its first two derivatives have to be
continuous at the midpoint,  and  $z_{k}(x)$ and its first
three derivatives have to be continuous at each crossing point
 $x_0 = 0,L_2$.

Away from the point force, i.e., for $x\neq x_p$
 the saddle point solutions
are linear combinations
of the  four  functions
$\exp({\pm}x/w_{k})\exp({\pm}ix/w_{k})$ where $w_k\equiv
 \sqrt{2}(\kappa/V_0)^{1/4}$ is the kink width.
Construction of the solution through the four regions  separated by
 the crossing points and the midpoint then
 requires  to determine
 16 linear expansion coefficients and the two  parameters
$L_2$ and $z_m$ as a  function of
the system size $L$ and
the remaining model parameters including the point force  from
the boundary and matching conditions.
The resulting shapes of the  kink-like polymer configurations
are shown in fig.~\ref{shape}a.
fig.~\ref{zmEp}c  shows the energies $E(z_m)$ of the kink-like
configuration as a function of $z_m$ for different point forces $F_p$.
For low forces the energies $E(z_m)$ in fig.~\ref{zmEp}c
have  two stationary  points, a
stable minimum at  $z_m=z_{m,min}<0$
 (the midpoint does not cross the barrier)
and an unstable maximum at $z_m=z_{m,nuc}>0$.
This maximum is unstable with respect to further displacement of the
 midpoint and represents the critical nucleus configuration.
For $F_p=0$, we obtain another stable minimum at $z_m=a$
(the midpoint reaches the next potential well)
which is the  static kink-antikink solution \cite{KLK04}.
 The width $w_k$
of a static  kink and its characteristic energy $E_k$   are given by
\begin{equation}
  w_k= \sqrt{2}(\kappa/V_0)^{1/4}
~~,~~~
 E_k=a^2\kappa^{1/4}V_0^{3/4}/\sqrt{2}
~.
\label{Ek}
\end{equation}
In the limit of large $L$, we can find analytic expressions for the
resulting stationary positions $z_{m,min}$ and  $z_{m,nuc}$
 as a function of the applied
force $F_p$, see   fig.~\ref{zmEp}b.
We find  that there are no stationary positions
if the  point force $F_p$ exceeds a critical value
$F_{c}$ given by
\begin{equation}
F_c = 4E_k/a =
    2\sqrt{2}a\kappa^{1/4}V_0^{3/4}
.
\label{Fc}
\end{equation}
The midpoint displacement  $z_{m,min}<0$ in the
stationary minimum  is  a
linear function of the external force, $z_{m,min} = -a\left(1-
F_p/F_c\right)$ and reaches the barrier at $z_{m,min}=0$ for
$F_p=F_c$,
see   fig.~\ref{zmEp}b.
This  force-displacement relation
 describes  the linear response of the
polymer before crossing the barrier.
For the midpoint displacement in the unstable nucleus
configuration $z_{m,nuc}>0$, on the other hand,
we obtain the  following set of two equations for
$z_{m,nuc}$ and $L_2$,
\begin{equation}
{F_p}/{F_c} =
\left. (\cos x- \sin x)e^{-x}\right|_{x=L_2/2w_k}
~~,~~
z_{m,nuc}/a = \left. 1- (\sin x+\cos x)e^{-x} \right|_{x=L_2/2w_k}
~.
\label{zmL2}
\end{equation}
As shown  in  fig.~\ref{zmEp}b,
$F_p$ is decreasing for increasing $z_{m,nuc}$ as
the critical nucleus configuration widens for small point forces.
The negative values of $F_p$ for large $z_{m,nuc}$ indicate that
for a semiflexible polymer
the kink-antikink configuration reached for $z_m=a$ is stabilized
 by an energy barrier. Only below a
negative threshold  force  $F_c^-\equiv -F_c e^{-\pi/2} <0$  the
 kink-antikink configuration  becomes unstable.

\section{Kink nucleation}
\label{nucl}

Now we turn to the
activated kink  nucleation in the presence of
 a point force pushing the polymer over the potential barrier.
The point force breaks the translational invariance in $x$-direction and
kink-antikink pairs are only nucleated at $x=x_p$ with a rate
$J$ per unit time.
This thermally activated
process is governed
by an energy barrier which is given by the excess energy $\Delta
E_{n}$ of the critical nucleus configuration.
The energy of the critical nucleus can be obtained  from
the  energy profiles  $E(z_m)$ shown in
 fig.~\ref{zmEp}c as
 the difference  $\Delta E_n\equiv E(z_{m,nuc}) -
E(z_{m,min})$ between minimum and maximum values of the
energy  $E(z_m)$  of the kink-like configuration.
We find
$\Delta E_{n}\sim 2E_k\left(1-{F_p}/{F_{c}}\right)^2$,
which vanishes
as the force approaches the  critical value
$F_{c}$.
The activation energy
 enters the nucleation current
\begin{equation}
 J = (Q_{n}/2\pi)\exp\left(-\Delta E_n/T\right)
~~~~\mbox{with}~~~
Q_{n}^2 \equiv |\omega_{n,0}|\omega_{s,0}
   \prod_{p>0}(\omega_{s,p}/\omega_{n,p})
 ~,
\label{currentFp}
\end{equation}
 which shows Arrhenius-type
behaviour. The  prefactor $Q_{n}$
includes the spectrum of
attempt frequencies $\omega_{n,p}$ and $\omega_{s,p}$ ($p=0,1,...$)
for phononic fluctuations around the critical nucleus configuration
and the straight  configuration $z_m=-a$, respectively.
We find one unstable negative mode $\omega_{n,0}\leq 0$,
which diverges as  $\omega_{n,0}=(V_0/\gamma)
   [1-2^{4/3}(1-F_p/F_{c,\kappa})^{-4/3}]$ upon approaching the
critical force $F_p\approx F_c$,
a bound state with $0<\omega_{n,1}\leq V_0/\gamma$,
and a set of positive modes  $\omega_{n,p}>V_0/\gamma$
 with the same level spacing  as  the modes of the straight configuration.
It is important to note that
two   translational modes (for kink and antikink)
  only exist if  the point force is zero
 because the  point force breaks the translation invariance.
Close to the critical force $F_p\simeq  F_c$,
we obtain  $Q_n^2\approx
(V_0/\gamma)^2[1-2^{4/3}(1-F_p/F_c)^{-4/3}]$.

\begin{figure}[t]
 \begin{center}
   \epsfig{file=movkinks3.eps,width=0.38\textwidth}~~~~~
 \epsfig{file=denprofile2.eps,width=0.38\textwidth}
 \caption{\label{dprofile}
(Left) The shape of a semiflexible  polymer pulled
over a periodically structured surface
by a  point force acting at the
midpoint. The horizontal lines indicate the position of
potential barriers. The thick solid line shows a typical polymer
configuration $z(x)$, the thin line the average shape $\langle z(x)
   \rangle$.
(Right) The stationary  kink density $\rho_k(x)$
as a function of the distance from the
   point $x_p$ where
the force is acting on the polymer.
 }
 \end{center}
 \end{figure}

\section{Collective kink dynamics}

After nucleation of a kink-antikink pair
  at $x=x_p$ by thermal activation,
 kink and antikink are driven apart by a small  force
$\sim E_k/w_k e^{-L_2/w_k}$,
 which  decays exponentially with the
distance $L_2>w_k$ between kink and antikink.
This exponential decay is characteristic for a
 point driving force which  interacts only
over a distance $\sim w_k$ with the kink and  very different
from the case of  a spatially  uniform   force, where
 kinks experience a spatially uniform driving
force \cite{BL79,KLK04}.
For separations $L_2 > w_k$   the kink diffuses essentially  freely
with a diffusion constant
$D_k=2Tw_k/3\gamma a^2$ \cite{KLK04}.

A spatially localized
 driving force also leads to a distinct steady state motion
of the polymer in a periodically continued potential, see  fig.\
\ref{dprofile}. This motion can be described in terms of
 the collective dynamics of an ensemble of kinks and antikinks
which are  generated at the  {\em single} point
$x=x_p$ by the point force and subsequently separated by the
exponentially  decaying force. For the following discussion we
choose coordinates such that
 $x_p=0$, and the polymer extends from $-L/2<x<L/2$.
Because a point force creates kink-antikink pairs only at $x=0$,
we find an  ensemble
consisting only of kinks  in the region $x>0$ and an ensemble
consisting only of antikinks in $x<0$.
As two (anti-)kinks  have a mutual short-range
repulsion of range $w_k$, we have an
ensemble of diffusing kinks (antikinks) with a hard-core  repulsion
on the interval $L/2>x>0$ ($-L/2<x<0$).
In order to treat the  non-equilibrium dynamics of these ensembles,
we introduce a discrete  one-dimensional lattice of possible kink
positions with spacing $\Delta x = w_k$ which allows to
 map the dynamics of each  ensemble onto
the  {\em  symmetric simple exclusion process}  (SSEP)
with open boundaries \cite{spohn,schuetz}.
In the following we consider the kink ensemble ($x>0$); the antikink ensemble
($x<0$) can be treated analogously.
In the kink ensemble, the kink particles are freely diffusing, i.e.,
they have {\em symmetric} rates $D\equiv D_k/w_k^2$ for hopping to the right
and left on the lattice $x_i= iw_k$ ($i=1,...,N$ with $N=L/2w_k$);
they  interact through their hard-core repulsion.
In the SSEP, boundary conditions are specified by rates
$\alpha$ and $\delta$ for particles  to enter the system at
the left ($i=1$) and right ($i=N$), respectively, if that site is
empty.
For the kink ensemble we have $\alpha=J$,  as kinks are nucleated
at  $i=1$ with the Kramers rate (\ref{currentFp}), and $\delta=0$ as
no kinks enter the system at  $i=N$.
Furthermore,
kinks leave the system diffusively,  at $i=1$ by
annihilation with an antikink and at $i=N$ by
relaxation of the free  polymer end.

Despite the hard-core interaction the stationary density profile
 $\rho_k(x)$ of kinks in the SSEP fulfills the stationary diffusion equation,
$\partial_x^2 \rho_k =0$ \cite{spohn,schuetz}.
Furthermore, our boundary conditions  are equivalent to boundary conditions
$\rho_k(0) = w_k^{-1}\min(\alpha/D,1)$ and $\rho_k(L/2)=0$ for the
stationary kink density at the  ends of the system.
For $\alpha>D$ the system reaches its maximal kink density $w_k^{-1}$
at $x=0$.
The resulting  linear  density profile $\rho_k(x)$ is
\begin{equation}
 \rho_k(x) =\rho_k(0) (1-2|x|/L)
  ~~~\mbox{with}~~~
 \rho_k(0) = w_k^{-1}\min(\alpha/D,1) = \min(Jw_k/D_k,1/w_k)
\label{rhokx}
\end{equation}
as shown in  fig.\ \ref{dprofile} (right).
The average distance between kinks is $1/\rho_k(x)$ and
 at each kink the polymer position changes by
$\Delta z=-2a$ leading to a characteristic
{\em parabolic}   polymer shape
$  \langle z(x) \rangle -z_m  =   - 2a\int_0^{|x|}
      d\tilde{x}\rho_k(\tilde{x})
     = - 2(a/w_k) \min(Jw_k^2/D_k,1) |x|(1-|x|/L)$ in the stationary state
as shown in fig.\ \ref{dprofile} (left).
The average velocity $v_z\equiv \langle \partial_t z \rangle$
of  the polymer in the $z$-direction is determined by the
stationary current
$J_{\rm SSEP}=-D_k \partial_x\rho_k =\min(J,D_k/w_k^2) w_k/L$
of  the SSEP. Only for
 small nucleation rates $J \ll D_k/w_k^2$ the kink interaction can be
neglected and the current is directly given  by the Kramers
rate (\ref{currentFp}), $J_{\rm SSEP} \approx Jw_k/L$.
 During the  time $1/J_{\rm SSEP}$ the polymer advances by
a distance $2a$ leading to  $v_z =  2aJ_{\rm SSEP}\approx
2a\min(J,D_k/w_k^2) w_k/L$.

\section{Flexible polymers}

So far we considered  semiflexible  polymers
dominated by their bending energy. In this section we want to outline
the main results for  flexible
Gaussian polymers governed by entropic elasticity
with a tension  $\sigma = 2T/b$
where $b$ is the Kuhn length.
 The Hamiltonian of a
flexible Gaussian polymer on a planar  two-dimensional
substrate  is given by
\begin{equation}
{\cal H} = \int_{-L_c/2}^{L_c/2} ds
  \left[\frac{\sigma}{2}\left[(\partial_s x)^2+(\partial_s z)^2\right]
+ V(z)
    \right]
~,
\label{hamilf}
\end{equation}
where we integrate over the arc length $s$
with $-L_c/2<s<L_c$, and  $L_c$ is the contour length of the polymer.
The translationally invariant
potential $V(z)$ is a function of $z$ only.  Therefore
fluctuations in the $x$-coordinate decouple and  are  Gaussian with
moments   $\langle (x(L_c)-x(0)) \rangle=0$
and $\langle (x(L_c)-x(0))^2 \rangle \approx L_cb/2$.
The Rouse  dynamics of the $z$-coordinate of the polymer
is given by
\begin{equation}
   \gamma \partial_t z
=\sigma\partial_s^{2} z -V_0'(z) +F_p\delta(s-s_p) +  \zeta(s,t)
~,
\label{EOMff}
\end{equation}
where $\gamma$ is the damping constant and $\zeta(x,t)$ is a
Gaussian distributed thermal random force.
The point force is on the monomer $s=s_p$.
For a flexible polymer the kink width is  $w_{k,\sigma}=(\sigma/V_0)^{1/2}$ and
the kink energy $E_{k,\sigma}=a^2(\sigma V_0)^{1/2}$ \cite{BL79,sebastian}.
As for the semiflexible polymer we can calculate the energy $E(z_m)$ of a
kink-antikink configuration with prescribed midpoint $z_k(s_p)=z_m$.
For a flexible polymer the displacements in the
stationary minimum at $z_m=z_{m,min}$ and the
maximum representing the nucleus with  $z_m=z_{m,nuc}$ are both
{\em linear} functions of the external force,
$z_{m,min} = - a\left(1- F_p/F_{c,\sigma}\right)$ and
$z_{m,nuc} =  a\left(1- F_p/F_{c,\sigma}\right)$, where the critical force
for the flexible polymer is given by $F_{c,\sigma}=2E_{k,\sigma}/a
=2a(\sigma V_0)^{1/2}$.
The nucleation
current $J_\sigma$ for the flexible polymer is given by
 the same expression (\ref{currentFp}) as for a semiflexible
polymer with the excess energy
$\Delta E_{n}\sim 2E_{k,\sigma}\left(1-{F_p}/{F_{c,\sigma}}\right)^2$.
The spectrum of attempt frequencies $\omega_{n,p}$ for the critical
nucleus shows slightly different
behaviour for the flexible polymer as the unstable negative mode
 $\omega_{n,0} \approx -3V_0/\gamma$ does not diverge for  $F_p\approx
F_{c,\sigma}$,
and we  finally obtain $Q_n\approx \sqrt{3}V_0/\gamma$.
The collective kink dynamics for a flexible polymer can also be mapped onto
a one-dimensional SSEP.
As a function of the  arc length $s$,
we find a linear stationary kink density profile $\rho_k(s)=\rho_k(0)
(1-2|s|/L_c)$ with $\rho_k(0) =
\min(J_{\sigma}w_{k,\sigma}/D_{k,\sigma},1/w_{k,\sigma})$
and a parabolic
shape $\langle z(s) \rangle= - 2(a/w_{k,\sigma})
\min(J_{\sigma}w_{k,\sigma}^2/D_{k,\sigma},1)
|s|(1-|s|/L_c)$
 analogously to  the semiflexible polymer, cf.\ eq.~(\ref{rhokx}),
where  $D_{k,\sigma}=Tw_{k,\sigma}/\gamma a^2$ \cite{BL79} is the
kink diffusion constant of the flexible polymer.
In the real space
 coordinates of the substrate, however,  the
resulting shape is $(\langle x(s) \rangle, \langle z(s) \rangle)=
(0,\langle z(s) \rangle)$ and thus,
 the parabolic shape is lost due to the decoupled Gaussian
fluctuations in the $x$-direction.
The result  for the  velocity   $v_z =  2aJ_{\rm SSEP}\approx
2a\min(J_{\sigma},D_{k,\sigma}/w_{k,\sigma}^2) w_{k,\sigma}/L_c$
is  analogous to the  semiflexible polymer.

\section{Conclusion}

In summary, we  described
the activated motion of  single adsorbed polymers
on  a structured substrate displaced by localized {\em point}
forces, which can be realized experimentally using, e.g.,
scanning force  microscopy tips.
The dynamics is governed by kink-like excitations for which we have
calculated shapes, energies, and critical point forces.
Kink and antikink pairs
are {\em locally} nucleated by the point force and then undergo
a separation which is diffusive on separations larger than
the kink width $w_k$.
We have calculated the nucleation rate (\ref{currentFp})
using Kramers theory.
The collective kink dynamics can be mapped onto
a one-dimensional symmetric simple
exclusion process (SSEP). Using this mapping we find
the average polymer velocity and a characteristic
average parabolic shape for a driven semiflexible  polymer.

\acknowledgments
We thank S.\ Klumpp for discussions on the simple symmetric exclusion
process.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Accused of being "anti-football", Sean Dyche shrugged off criticism after Burnley's draw with Chelsea.
James Milner will not watch the Manchester derby, but he hopes United can do Liverpool a favour.
Even by the rarified atmosphere of Manchester derbies, there will seldom have been so much on the line for both sides of the city when Manchester United host Manchester City on Wednesday.
Unai Emery is faced with a defensive dilemma that could make or break Arsenal's hopes of a top-four finish to their Premier League campaign.
Callum Hudson-Odoi is thought to have suffered a serious Achilles tendon injury on Monday and he believes his season is over.
Chelsea could be heading into a vital stage in the season without key midfielder N'Golo Kante after he was forced off against Burnley.
Chelsea were held to a point by Burnley at Stamford Bridge to dent their hopes of finishing in the top 4 and playing Champions League football next season. Burnley took the lead through a Jeff Hendrick volley before Chelsea scored two quick fire goals from N'Golo Kanté and Gonzalo Higuian before Ashley Barnes equalised for Burnley.


Welcome to 44 Scotland Street, home to some of Edinburgh's most colorful characters. There's Pat, a twenty-year-old who has recently moved into a flat with Bruce, an athletic young man with a keen awareness of his own appearance. Their neighbor, Domenica, is an eccentric and insightful widow. In the flat below are Irene and her appealing son Bertie, who is the victim of his mother's desire for him to learn the saxophone and italian–all at the tender age of five. Love triangles, a lost painting, intriguing new friends, and an encounter with a famous Scottish crime writer are just a few of the ingredients that add to this delightful and witty portrait of Edinburgh society, which was first published as a serial in The Scotsman newspaper.


text:
Таран (знаряддя) — знаряддя руйнування мурів, воріт і башт фортеці під час облоги.
 Повітряний таран — удар гвинтом або корпусом літака по ворожому літакові
 Таран (корабельний) — зміцнена підводна частина носа бойового корабля, якою завдають удару по ворожому кораблю.
 Таран (військовий) — ударна група бойових машин для здійснення прориву фронту.
 Гідравлічний таран — технічна споруда для подавання води нагору.
 Транспортний таран — терористичний акт з застосуванням транспорту.
 Таран (прізвище)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Kick the ball around anywhere with mini goals. Great for backyard soccer or on the oval at school. Our pop up goals are quick to pack up and easy to store and transport. Folding goals are excellent for packing away and those tight on storage space. Our PVC goals are lightweight so you can move them around wherever you need and replicate the size and shape of full goals.


text:
Standing-8
Dissecting The Sweet Science A Few Fights At A Time
September 5, 2018 Press Release
Welterweight Legends, Champions & Contenders Predict Danny Garcia vs. Shawn Porter Welterweight World Title Showdown
Posted by Standing-8
Sugar Ray Leonard, Errol Spence Jr., Keith Thurman, Manny Pacquiao & More Discuss Saturday, September 8 Matchup Live on SHOWTIME from Barclays Center in Brooklyn & Presented by Premier Boxing Champions
BROOKLYN (September 5, 2018) – Top welterweight stars of the past, present and future have weighed in with their thoughts on the highly anticipated matchup that pits former welterweight champions Danny Garcia and Shawn Porter against each other for the vacant WBC Welterweight World Title Saturday, September 8 in the main event live on SHOWTIME from Barclays Center, the home of BROOKLYN BOXING™.
The SHOWTIME CHAMPIONSHIP BOXING telecast begins at 9 p.m. ET/6 p.m. PT and features a welterweight title eliminator between Cuba's Yordenis Ugas and Argentina's Cesar Barrionuevo and heavyweight action that pits unbeaten Polish slugger Adam Kownacki against former heavyweight champion Charles Martin.
Tickets for the live event, which is promoted by TGB Promotions and DiBella Entertainment, in association with DSG Promotions, start at $50 and are on sale now. Tickets can be purchased at ticketmaster.com, barclayscenter.com, or by calling 800-745-3000. Tickets can also be purchased at the American Express Box Office at Barclays Center. Group discounts are available by calling 844-BKLYN-GP.
Here is what a group of current and former welterweight fighters had to say about the Garcia vs. Porter world title showdown:
SUGAR RAY LEONARD, Hall of Famer & Former Unified Welterweight World Champion
"I feel the Danny Garcia vs. Shawn Porter fight has the makings of an exciting fight from what I've seen of both of these talented fighters. So here is my prediction based on what I feel both fighters bring into the ring
Garcia will win if he uses his jab to keep Porter at bay and off balance, but Porter gains a victory if he connects and hurts Garcia early and makes him abandon his boxing ability and fight like a slugger — as I did with my first fight vs Roberto Duran.
This is how I see this matchup which should be an exciting fight!"
ERROL SPENCE JR., Unbeaten IBF Welterweight World Champion
"I definitely want to fight the winner of Danny Garcia vs. Shawn Porter. That's a close fight. I always picked against Danny Garcia in the past, and he always proved me wrong. Shawn Porter's always a tough fight, because he's going to come forward and give it his all. He's basically trying to mug you. But for this fight, it's hard to go against Danny Garcia. I pick Danny Garcia to win a split decision."
KEITH THURMAN, WBA Welterweight World Champion; Former Unified Champion
"I honestly love this fight, and I consider it a tremendous battle and one of the best matchups of the year. For me, having fought both of them, I do believe that each is capable of hurting the other and getting one another out of there.
"I know most fans are going to lean toward Danny Garcia with his knockout power and the potential for that. Then there is Shawn, who's got a decent punch, even though he focuses on his output more than his one-punch solid blow and has it in his arsenal to hurt Danny Garcia.
"I wouldn't bet on Shawn getting the knockout, but I would on Shawn getting the victory, simply because of his output. I think Danny's only chance of winning is by knockout, but even as a gambling man, I can't put my money on Danny getting it. I'm taking Shawn Porter by decision."
MANNY PACQUIAO, Multiple-Time Welterweight World Champion
"I'm going to give the edge to Danny Garcia. They're both gritty fighters, but I think Garcia is a little more technical with a little more ring generalship. It should be a great fight, and there's a possibility of me fighting the winner, but we'll have to see what happens."
MIKEY GARCIA, Four-Division World Champion
"I think this is a very good matchup. Shawn Porter is the kind of athlete who is always bringing the fight to you with pressure and volume punching. They both come to fight and they can both take it and dish it out.
"Danny Garcia can use his skills to box on the outside and work from a distance. I think Danny will be able to box a little more and win more of the tight rounds in a very close fight. I'm not sure if it will be a split-decision or a unanimous decision. I believe that Danny will use more of those tactics to win an exciting decision."
YORDENIS UGAS, Top Welterweight Contender
"I have much respect for Shawn Porter, and I think it will be a great fight. ,
Danny Garcia has more technique and he's also faced and beaten better opponents than Porter. I am leaning toward Danny Garcia to pull off the victory."
ROBERT GUERRERO, Former Multiple Division World Champion
"This will be a very entertaining fight for the fans. I can see Danny putting up a good fight, but Porter is going to make the fight rough, and Garcia doesn't like those type of fights. I'm going with Porter to win by split decision."
VICTOR ORTIZ, Former Welterweight World Champion
"I think it's going to be a fast-paced fight. Shawn will be pushing forward, making it rough on Danny, and Danny will be trying to control the distance. I'm going with Danny, giving him the slight edge and saying he wins by a decision."
JAMAL JAMES, Welterweight Contender
"It's a good one. Shawn is busier than Danny, more active and carries a lot of momentum when he fights. But that's not always a good thing because Garcia has power with his timing, he might be able to catch Porter coming in. I'm thinking that Shawn Porter pulls it off. "
BRANDON RIOS, Former World Champion & Welterweight Title Challenger
"That's a really tough fight to predict. If Danny can counter really well and keep Shawn Porter off of him while Porter's coming in, then I see Danny stopping him.
But if Shawn Porter is able to pressure Danny like he usually does, I don't see Shawn Porter stopping Danny, or anything, but I see him winning by split-decision if he can be in his chest all night long. But if Porter gets nailed with one of those left hooks or a straight right hand, I say Porter goes down. I'm going to go with Danny because he knocked me out."
BRYANT PERRELLA, Welterweight Prospect
"It could come down to how well Shawn Porter can take Danny Garcia's punches in a fight that's really hard to predict, and how well Danny can move, given that he's not known for having fast feet similar to a guy like Keith Thurman.
But if Shawn can get close and smother Danny's punches, he will make it a difficult fight. But Danny's got really heavy hands and sits on his shots well, timing and counter-punching guys, so Porter could play into his hands.
Based off of clean, effective hard shots and giving him the edge in the close, competitive rounds, I'm leaning toward Danny Garcia. Shawn is tough as nails, so I see it going the distance, but just the slight edge to Danny."
SAMMY VASQUEZ JR., Welterweight Contender
"I'm going with Shawn Porter. Not by stoppage, but Shawn creates too much pressure and Danny Garcia doesn't throw enough punches and doesn't deal with pressure. You saw that when he fought Guerrero, who wasn't looking too bad in that fight.
"Danny can win by knockout if he catches Shawn with that hook, but Shawn's a workhorse and he puts forth far more pressure than I think Danny's ever seen in a fight. Shawn may not be susceptible to it if he doesn't have the proper head movement, but I believe that he will."
Danny Garciaerrol spence jr.Keith Thurmanmanny pacquiaoMikey GarciaRobert GuerreroShawn PorterSugar Ray Leonard
FOX SPORTS AND PREMIER BOXING CHAMPIONS SIGN LANDMARK MEDIA RIGHTS DEAL
DANNY GARCIA VS. SHAWN PORTER FIGHT WEEK MEDIA WORKOUT QUOTES & PHOTOS
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
(Page 1038)
NO NUMBER TEN SHIRT FOR VIETNAM
2009, Laos, Latest NewsBy Editor AFF December 8, 2009 Leave a comment
VIENTIANE (8 Dec 2009) – The No. 10 shirt which is usually reserved for players with outstanding capability remains untouched for Vietnam. The shirt, which was previously worn by striker Pham Van Quyen (pix), is thought to be an unlucky number for the team. It has remained unworn since the 23rd SEA Games in the…
WOMEN'S FOOTBALL: NO MORE INTERNATIONAL MEET FOR MALAYSIA
VIENTIANE (8 Dec 2009) – The FA of Malaysia (FAM) have frozen their women's football team from taking part in further international competitions following the latest round of defeats sustained by the squad. The ban also applies to the national women's Futsal team. The Malaysian national Under-16 squad were drummed out of the AFF Championship…
WOMEN'S FOOTBALL: THAILAND AND VIETNAM STAY ON COURSE
VIENTIANE (8 Dec 2009) – It will be down to Thailand and Vietnam to decide the women's football title at the SEA Games as they set up the decisive clash in the round robin match in three days. There are only five teams taking part this year and as such the SEA Games crown will…
A STROLL FOR THAILAND; REPRIEVE FOR MALAYSIA
VIENTIANE (8 Dec 2009) – Thailand made it a walk in the park with a 9-0 thumping of Timor Leste as Malaysia gained a reprieve with a slogging 4-0 win over Cambodia in the two Group A matches at the SEA Games that was played at the Chao Anuvong Stadium today. The win has set…
THAILAND TO LEAVE OUT TOP STARS AGAINST TIMOR
VIENTIANE (7 Dec 2009) – Defending champions Thailand will be leaving out their top stars when they take on Timor Leste in their second Group A match tomorrow at the Main Stadium. In the last two matches, Timor had already conceded 18 goals as scoring just one – a 14-0 loss against Malaysia and then…
WE HAVE TO WIN OUR NEXT TWO MATCHES: RAJAGOBAL
VIENTIANE (7 Dec 2009) – Malaysia have little choice but to win their next two matches following their 3-1 loss to Vietnam in a crucial Group A tie last night. The Malaysians, who were involved in an ugly scuffle with South Korean referee Kim Jong Hyeok towards the end of the match when striker Mohd…
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Find a suitable place to put the snowman. You'll need a flat area for the snowman. And you'll need access to a spot which has a nice big patch of snow to make big snowballs with.
Gather a handful of snow. Pack it tightly with your two hands, shaping it into a ball.
Place the ball on the ground. Roll the ball along the snowy patch. As you roll, the ball will pick up more snow and will grow larger and larger as the snow from the ground sticks to it. Keep rolling until the ball reaches the desired lower body size. A height of 1 foot (0.3 m) to three feet (or more) is recommended.
Make another snowball. Only this time, make it a little bit smaller (roll less). This will become the snowman's middle section.
It may be necessary to create a snow ramp or wood ramp to roll this middle section up if you have a very large bottom section.
Make another snowball. This last one must be smaller still, as it will form the snowman's head. When done, stack the three snowballs up from largest to smallest, being careful to pack tightly and balance them so they won't fall down. As you go, smooth the sides out as best you can.
Stack the rolled snowballs into a snowman formation. The largest ball is at the base, the medium in the middle and the small ball becomes the snowman's head.
When all the balls are in place, pack some snow between the layers. This will make sure they stick together. If your snowman seems wobbly, you can stabilize it by poking a long skinny stick straight down through the top of its head, like threading a shish kabob. Cover the hold in its head with more snow.
Place a carrot in the middle of the head to act as a nose. Use buttons, pebbles or etc and place them above the carrots to represent the eyes. Use a row of pebbles, coal or etc., to show a dazzling smile or a grumpy frown beneath the carrot nose.
Add some sticks for the arms. Top off the snowman with a hat and place a nice scarf around its neck.
GUESS THE RETAIL OPPORTUNITY THERE IS COMB THE NEIGHBORHOOD SELLING OLD SCARVES, CARROTS, HATS AND GATHER STICKS…TIMING IS EVERYTHING!


text:
https://hdactech.com
Nicolas Jacquet is Chief Marketing Officer for HDAC Tech, based at the company Seoul office where he started in 2018.
Nicolas's career started in Consulting in Paris where he spent 6 years specializing in the e-commerce industry before moving to the US. Nicolas joined Samsung Electronics in 2010 where he was in charge of marketing and business strategy for digital services like "Samsung Wallet", "Samsung Pay" and Samsung's smart TV ad platform "AdHub".
After 5 years, Nicolas moved to Germany to adidas HQ where he directed the e-commerce and mobile applications marketing strategy for Adidas including "Glitch", "Confirmed" and "adidas" applications. It was at adidas that Nicolas started exploring the potential business application of Blockchain in retail.
Nicolas holds a BA in Economics from University of Paris, a BA in Marketing from INSEEC, Paris and a MBA from Emory University where he graduated in 2010 with a concentration in Marketing & Strategy.


text:
What are the four personality types of Australian farmers?1 year ago
What are the four personality types of Australian farmers?
Cam Nicholson
Cam Nicholson is passionate about providing advice to boost farmers' profitability and productivity, and one of the keys tools he uses is determining the personality types of his clients.
Agronomist Cam Nicholson is passionate about providing advice to boost farmers' profitability and productivity, and one of the keys tools he uses is determining the personality types of his clients.
This week he is a guest on the Grains Research and Development Corporation (GRDC) podcast series.
The series features some of the grains sector's most pre-eminent researchers, growers, advisers and industry stakeholders sharing everything from the latest seasonal issues, to ground-breaking research and trial results with on-farm application.
Mr Nicholson said research shows everybody learns and responds differently and in the past 15 years he has developed his own assessment guide to farmers based on the temperament typing of the Myers Briggs Type Indicators (MBTI) and the work of Queensland psychologist and beef producer Rod Strahan.
In this engaging podcast he shares his insights into the how farmers can be categorised and why it helps to understand their learning preferences and personality types if you are working with them, particularly as an agronomist, farm adviser or stock and station agent.
Mr Nicholson initially presented his information about the value of understanding how the people you are working with 'work' at the GRDC Grains Research Update to help improve agronomists and farm advisers understanding, interaction and engagement with their clients.
He said farmers can be divided broadly into four types:
The dependables: who love what they do, are very reliable and methodical and need a good reason to change.
The doers: who are a bit like the dependables, but they work at a more frantic pace and tend to not quite finish off jobs.
The pioneers: who are the first to try something, adopt new technology quickly, love to think strategically about big picture, take risks.
The team builders: they farm with intergenerational change and the environment in mind, and both males and females contribute equally.
"About 80 per cent of farmers fall in to the first two categories with about 55 per cent being dependables and 25pc being doers. In comparison, within the general Australian population, the dependables make up 40pc and the doers account for 15pc," Mr Nicholson said.
"The balance are the pioneers and the team builders, who together make up about 20pc of farmers. In the Australian population there are only 15pc of these types."
When it came to providing on-farm advice Mr Nicholson said the trick was to assess your clients' temperament type by asking questions, assessing their answers and observing how their farm operates.
"This approach really works both ways. Farmers should also know their own personality types through simple testing online, so that they know their strengths and how they'll respond to pressure or making decisions," he said.
"Then they need to identify complementary personality types within the business, or bring someone with the necessary skills in.
"In many cases adding women to the decision-making mix is also positive, as that helps to balance out the way in which decisions are made and information gathered."
Mr Nicholson said it was difficult to change the personality type you were born with, however you can choose to work in different ways and build you skills in areas that you aren't naturally strong in, as well as be prepared to consciously change the way you work.
"There's a bit of conjecture over the actual split, but I believe that the influence on temperament types is 40 per cent genetic, 40 per cent what you learn in the formative years aged 12-15, and about 20 per cent the crowd you hang with," he said.
"And funnily enough, there's not a lot of difference between the average Australian farmer in his/her 50s and 60s, and the younger digital natives coming through – they're young, but they're inherently conservative."
While it took him 15 years to learn this, Cam says he's spent the following 15 years sharing his knowledge with others and becoming a more effective advisor.
For more information on his research click here:
https://grdc.com.au/resources-and-publications/grdc-update-papers/tab-content/grdc-update-papers/2018/03/agronomists-as-drivers-of-practice-change
http://www.grainandgraze3.com.au/resources/Farm_Decision_Making.pdf
http://www.agriculture.gov.au/abares/outlook/Documents/innovation-nicholson.pdf
'Hand on heart': Wangaratta Clay Target Club says grant was justified
A club at the centre of a political firestorm over Bridget McKenzie's alleged misuse of a $100 million sports grant program says it was justified in receiving the money.
Long haul pays off for Qld Illawarra exhibitors
The long haul from Queensland paid off for two dairy farmers when their cow took the Illawarra grand champion award at International Dairy Week on Tuesday.
Wheat export pace solid, but barley lagging
WA disappointed, compared to pre-harvest expectations, with wheat, barley and canola production coming in at 5.5 million tonnes, 3.5 million tonnes and 1.1 million tonnes respectively.


Frankley Everlong is a disco punk band from Kalmar, Sweden. Formed in 2009 as a straight up punk band the trio quickly grew tired of playing and writing punk music using the same formula that has been used over and over. The band's intention is to combine elements of different types of music and create something new.
"We´ve been working on our sound for several years, trying to mix different types of music together" says guitarist and vocalist Tommy Carlsson. "I love music… especially punk, disco, and heavy new wave synth. We take different elements of these genres, mix it up a bit, and create something new. It cannot be three different types of genres standing side by side however, the result has to sound only like one genre".
Frankley Everlong released their debut album Songs for the Broken on October 31, 2014. Shortly thereafter, the band's original bass player left the band, and was immediately replaced by Nicklas Petersson. The band toured throughout Europe in 2015 and in 2016 the band got down to writing material for a new album. "Our debut album was important to us, it pushed us in the right direction" says Tommy "but I wanted the sound to be even more defined, like mixing several different colors into one single color. I decided not to get inspired by other bands, but instead getting inspired by different sounds and trying to think differently about music. I asked myself questions such as what purple sounds like, or how different emotions sound".
In late 2016-2017, the band began tracking these new songs, and by 2018 they finished recording their latest album "Till the Dance Do Us Part". In January of 2018 Frankley Everlong sent the album to several dozen labels seeking a deal, and in the Summer of that year landed one with American indie Eclipse Records (Mushroomhead, Bobaflex, A Breach of Silence).
Frankley Everlong's signature sound is one of pure energizing bounce, while maintaining a pop-punk vibe laden with disco beats. Their latest album Till the Dance Do Us Part contains nine tracks which showcase their unique talent and ability to grab listeners by the ear and mesmerize them with songs that are pure, simple fun. The album's first single immediately hits fans with the fast-paced pop-punk anthem "Endless Infinity" which talks about ending an unhealthy relationship. Other stand-out tracks are "As You Wither" which tackles the difficult reality of bullies and those who intentionally hurt others for their own benefit, and the title track "Till the Dance Do Us Part" which is a metaphor for (good & bad) relationships.
All in all, Till the Dance Do Us Part is a dynamic, impassioned collection of pop-punk songs that will stand the test of time. The album makes a declaration to the world that Frankley Everlong is the new standard by which all pop punk rock will be measured by moving forward.
Till the Dance Do Us Part saw a worldwide release on January 18. 2019 via Eclipse Records.
Watch Frankley Everlong shake it off in new "As You Wither" music video, new album 'Till the Dance Do Us Part' available everywhere now!


*Bluebird Classy 2-BR Apt Near Boston Opera!!
Conveniently located between Boston's Financial District & Theater District, this apt is within walking distance from all historic landmarks, shops, & dining in downtown crossing. Superior amenities like a 25-yard indoor pool, plush clubhouse, and internet lounge along with concierge services distinguish this upscale high-rise. Over-sized windows overlooking Bostons skyline, hardwood floor, chef-caliber kitchen with stainless steel appliances are some of the features of this apt home.


text:
Larry David predicted the FTX implosion
By Joe
Larry David made a prediction about this week's cryptocurrency crash that was pretty good. In a Super Bowl announcement for cryptocurrency exchange FTX in February, Larry David sarcastically predicted that the platform would fail.
The ad showcases David's character throughout history, criticizing humanity's greatest inventions, including the wheel, the light bulb, the coffee and democracy. At the end of the announcement, David learns about FTX, "a safe and easy way to get into cryptocurrency". A contemptuous David says, "Yeah, I don't think so. And I'm never wrong about these things – ever." "Don't be like Larry," the FTX ad ends.
The ad resurfaced on social media this week after FTX imploded. David's character was, it seems, right to be skeptical.
FTX filed for bankruptcy in the United States on Friday, marking an impressive drop for one of the biggest and most powerful players in the cryptocurrency industry. CEO Sam Bankman-Fried, the exchange's 30-year founder, resigned.
Rival Binance had said it would explore an FTX bailout earlier this week, but almost immediately backtracked after the company said FTX was essentially beyond the economy.
The full extent of FTX's financial woes is not yet known, but multiple reports say the company is facing an $8 billion shortfall. Without a quick capital injection, Bankman-Fried reportedly told investors on Thursday that the company was facing bankruptcy.
Despite its reputation as a reliable, low-risk investment portal, FTX's trades appear to have been built on a complex and extremely risky type of leveraged trading.
Customers deposited their money to engage in cryptocurrency trading. But it appears that FTX took billions of dollars of that money and loaned it to its sister company, Alameda, to fund these high-stakes bets, according to The Wall Street Journal.
CEO Sam Bankman-Fried resigned on Friday. He was one of the faces of the cryptocurrency industry, amassing a fortune totaling $25 billion, which has since disappeared. He was seen as the white knight of the crypto world, stepping in to rescue struggling companies earlier this year.
FTX, backed by elite investors like BlackRock and Sequoia Capital, has quickly become one of the largest cryptocurrency exchanges in the world. Regulators are now scrambling to investigate what went wrong, and some lawmakers are demanding a crackdown.
Source: CNN Brasil
I am Joe Jameson, author of World Stock Market. I have a fascination with the stock market and how it affects our world. I enjoy writing about my findings and hope to help others understand this complex system.
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text:
Must see entertainment in Beijing
National Centre for the Performing Arts
Plonked in the middle of an artificial lake like an alien spaceship, the Paul Andreu–designed NCPA (aka 'The Egg') is a surreal yet spectacular venue at…
Jiang Hu
A hip hutong livehouse popular with local musicians, Jiang Hu stages folk, blues, jazz and open-mic shows most nights in its wood-beamed courtyard space…
Huguang Guild Hall
The most atmospheric Peking opera house in town (it was undergoing refurbishment at time of research, so fingers crossed it stays that way...), Huguang…
Chaoyang Theatre
Beijing's premier acrobatic show is a rapid-fire fiesta of youthful acrobats, gymnasts, contortionists and daredevils, who between them pull off some…
Workers' Stadium
One of Mao's '10 Great Buildings' erected in 1959 to mark a decade of the People's Republic of China, the Workers' Stadium was built to hold 80,000 people…
Chang'an Grand Theatre
The opera mask on the forecourt is the only giveaway, save for the Chinese sign, that this modern block is actually an opera house. Chang'an Grand is more…
Local bands, cabaret, salsa dancing and life drawing are just some of the antics unfolding nightly at this arty, Jazz-Age-styled bar and performance space…
In a secluded hutong, Dusk Dawn Club is the place to catch small and mid-sized bands, from post-rock noise outfits to folk strummers, both Chinese and…
East Shore Jazz Bar
Rock star Cui Jian's saxophonist, whose quartet plays here, opened this dark and moody upstairs jazz den overlooking Qianhai Lake. It's the best place to…
Forbidden City Concert Hall
Considered one of the city's best venues for acoustics, the Forbidden City Concert Hall is the modern successor to an open-air stage built inside regal…
Mei Lanfang Grand Theatre
Named after China's most famous practitioner of Peking opera, this modern theatre has around 1000 seats and is home turf for the prestigious China…
Broadway Cinematheque MOMA
The closest Beijing has to a genuine art-house cinema. Regular mini-festivals cover various genres as well as the usual Hollywood blockbusters. Find it…
A classy, subterranean live-music venue staging high-profile international jazz, blues and fusion musicians. The historical Legation Quarter setting gives…
School Bar
Distorted guitars rule at this divey mainstay of Beijing's underground-music scene. Punk, garage, indie and metal bands dominate, plus the occasional DJ…
Yue Space
Check out up-and-coming Chinese bands at this arty, 500-capacity livehouse, which also stages movie screenings and cultural events.
Daguanlou Cinema
Dingjun Mountain, an excerpt of Peking opera believed to be the first Chinese film, was screened at this historical cinema back in 1905. Remarkably, you…
Lao She Teahouse
Named after the celebrated Chinese novelist and dramatist whose works include the play Teahouse, the nightly shows at this tourist-oriented complex are…
Liyuan Theatre
This touristy theatre in the Qianmen Jianguo Hotel has nightly performances of Peking opera complete with English subtitles. The setting isn't traditional…
Red Theatre
The daily show is The Legend of Kung Fu, which follows one boy's journey to become a warrior monk. Slick, high-energy fight scenes are interspersed with…
Conveniently situated in the basement of the Taikoo Li Sanlitun shopping mall, this swish multiplex usually shows at least one or two English-language…


In two short years, 'Oh Hey Girl' has blossomed from a Depop page into a womenswear brand in its own right, with 220k Insta-fans to suit. The aesthetic is instantly recognisable across Instagram grids, and has been a driving factor in the brands' success.
WGSN sat down with Jade Douse and Symone Mills, the inspiring female founders, who are busy building a strong brand, and a strong community of like-minded, entrepreneurial women alongside it.
We explore their challenges, the increasing demand for speed-to-market, and how to build deeper relationships with their customer.
How did Oh Hey Girl start out?
J: We have been friends for 12 years now. I started selling clothes on Depop from China (styling them personally, and adding £10 to the price). I started with a cropped puffer jacket, and was quickly selling 40 units a week.
S: My background is working with entrepreneurs as a P.A. I wanted another project, so I went online and learned about marketing, starting businesses and creating passive income streams. At this time Jade was blowing up on Depop, so we decided to join forces – Jade could use her fashion styling skills, and I could use my marketing skills, and we started a business.
J: July 2016, we launched our own site – we've just hired our first employee!
Your Instagram following has amassed to 220k in two years, how did you do that?
S: I was looking into paid advertising on Instagram and also took a course on Instagram marketing. Our biggest breakthrough was September 2016, when we really started targeting our customers – we went from £5K sales in August to £30K in September. This is when our influencer marketing started picking up, with the likes of Bella Hadid's, Kali Uchis' and Jourdan Dunn's stylists asking for pieces.
J: We've had certain products that have blown up, too. A denim jacket that is also a red hoodie really took off on Instagram.
At WGSN, we have been looking at brands that design products specifically to be instantly recognisable on Instagram. Is this what you are doing?
S: Yes! We're constantly trying to work towards that, where you see an item on someone you know its 'Oh Hey Girl'.We love to publish our customers product shots, too, to see our aesthetic coming through.
J: We also have a strong brand image where people recognise the product and the clothing from our actual product images and styling.
S: We are against throwaway fashion, and we aim to get pieces that outlive seasons.
How do you address the increasing speed to market as a small business and what is your supply chain?
S: We have a very short lead time from development to site – it's a 4-6 week turnaround. Our factories are in China, and storage there too. We have to try and keep speed to customer. We are thinking about bringing stock here and doing next day delivery, but it needs to make sense financially. We work with a small manufacturer in China, so we're able to make 25-50 pieces.
We do a sample sale of everything of leftover stock, and the rest we gave to charity. We don't want anything to go into a landfill.
S: I attend a lot of marketing and brand-focused courses and seminars, and I've learnt to dig deeper into customer profiles, and we've realised we have seven different customer profiles. We are trying to reach our customers on a deeper level rather, than a wider level. Influenced by key opinion leaders, like women in work, which is a space we are looking to grow into.
J: Women between the ages of 25-35- who have a bit of disposable income. They're a bit more established in their careers but they are not senior yet and aspirational. They are ambitious, they care about what they wear. They aren't buying 10 pound pieces to wear on the weekend, they want something with a bit of edge. They are stylish, but looking for guidance. The way we style our outfits is we are already giving you an outfit to take and wear.
Do you have any physical presence or popups? Or how are you strengthening your relationships with customers.
J: We had our first popup with Wah Nails in Soho, but we're looking to do more offline events. We also have a blog that lifts up female entrepreneurs, artists, creatives and any working women, and we hope to do workshops and events next year.
S: Women don't get the platform and shine they deserve. So many of these huge fast fashion retailers are run by men, and so we are trying to counter that.
J: We want to start working with female networking groups. Collaborating is very important and that's what we want to do next year.
How do you build loyalty in such a tricky/ fickle market?
J: Its very hard because we have been working on gaining new customers and we are now focusing on our current audience.
S: As we enter on our second stage we are looking to build deeper relationships rather than wider ones.
J: We are relatable and that's our brand, people know they can email us and know they're speaking to us directly. Our brand name set's that tone- "Oh Hey Girl" has a whole scene, and invites people in. We are just two young girls who have started a business – we're so similar to our own customers.
What challenges you are experiencing now?
J: Instagram advertising is getting more expensive. It lowers our ROI, which means it forces our profit margins down.
S: This is why it's important to understand your customer, and reach them on various platforms. We have grown through social media, but we need to not be so reliant on it. Also cash flow is difficult as a small business. Do we make 100 items or pay credit card bills? We keep lean because of that, and that's why we don't have offices. We are going to outsource our marketing next year, so we can focus on strategy.
What is next for Oh Hey Girl?
J: Going into the wholesale market and get into a few stores.
S: Focus more on the community side of what we do, and run some workshops and talks. Community building will help form long-lasting relationships. We want to help women get over fears, or give them the information to start their own businesses and succeed.
J: Once we build a community there is so much more we can do.


text:
<?php

namespace JaztecAclAdmin\Mapper;

class PrivilegesMapper extends BaseMapper
{
    protected $entityName = 'JaztecAcl\Entity\Privilege';

    /**
     * Retreive all requested privileges.
     *
     * @return array
     */
    public function findAllRequestedPrivileges()
    {
        return $this->processResult(
            $this->getEntityManager()->getRepository('JaztecAcl\Entity\RequestedPrivilege'),
            \JaztecBase\Mapper\AbstractDoctrineMapper::TYPE_SERIALIZEDARRAY
        );
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
export namespace ionic {
  export namespace constant {
    /* nav */
    export const forward = 'forward'
    export const back = 'back'
  }
}


As selected by Sophie Conran in our recent Elderflower recipe competition!
In another bowl beat egg yolks until beginning to thicken and beat in elderflower cordial and lemon peel.
Whip cream lightly and then fold into egg yolk mixture and egg whites.
Place in a freezer container overnight to freeze. There is no need to re-whip.
You need one freezable bowl which will fit inside another e.g. 16cm and 22cm, some slices of lemon and a collection of elderflower sprigs and leaves. Also some runny honey.
Brush insides of bigger bowl with honey to help stick on the flowers.
Place a few slices of lemon on the base of larger bowl and place smaller bowl on top.
Weight smaller bowl with eg a bag of frozen peas.
Place leaves, flower heads and lemon slices in the gap between the bowls. Freeze for 30 minutes until water begins to freeze.
Periodically push down the flowers etc into the freezing water, adding more water as necessary to fill the gap between the bowls.
Remove frozen bowl from freezer and remove bag of peas. Pour warm water into small bowl to loosen it from larger bowl.
Dip large bowl in warm water and then tip ice bowl out. Put in freezer until ready to use.
Take ice cream out of freezer to slightly soften. Using an ice cream scoop make "balls" of ice-cream. Place on a baking tray and return to freezer until ready to use.
At point of service place ice bowl on a plate and fill with frozen ice cream "balls".
Once placed in individual bowls, caramelized nut brittle may be sprinkled on top.


Companies in search of more renewable energy to power their growth can take heart from the example of Texas. The Lone Star State relies most heavily on natural gas and coal to generate electricity. It also has a fairly healthy nuclear sector. However, wind power has already leapfrogged past nuclear in Texas, and coal could be the next domino to fall. A new study indicates that the right balance of wind and solar power could provide for a reliable grid, without having to depend on expensive energy storage systems.
The new study comes from Rice University under the title, "Assessing solar and wind complementarity in Texas." The study was performed by undergraduate student Joanna Slusarewicz and Rice professor Daniel Cohan, an environmental engineer.
. . . batteries remain too expensive to store Texas-sized amounts of energy for later use. "I did this project to see if there is a way, before we even start building more wind and solar farms, to distribute their current output to take advantage of differences in climate throughout the state," Slusarewicz said.
...Only in the past couple of years has solar become competitive with wind. Now Texas has two strong renewable options. That's why this is the time to look at integrating these sources so they can do better than either can do on its own.
The point about energy storage is a critical one. The market for small scale, on-site energy storage is growing rapidly, but utility scale systems are still a long way from commercial viability due to their expense.
Currently, pumped hydro is the only large scale, low cost storage system available in the U.S., and appropriate sites for those facilities are few and far between.
"Complementarity" refers to balancing the output of solar and wind power facilities.
Because wind and solar rely on natural conditions, the peak performance of wind turbines and solar panels varies considerably over time. The output can be optimal at different times of day, in different seasons, and in different regions of the same state.
The new study suggests that with the right mix of renewable energy, Texas grid operators could ensure reliability without depending on coal power, or on expensive energy storage facilities.
The researchers found that on both a yearly and daily bases, wind and solar power resources in Texas complement each other in terms of peak performance statewide.
They also found that wind resources alone also exhibit complementary peaks in production between two regions of the state, West Texas and South Texas.
Another main finding was that the highest firm capacity could be achieved by matching wind farms in West Texas with either solar power or wind farms in South Texas (firm capacity refers to the guaranteed amount of energy available at a given time).
Solar farms are better suited for providing power during summertime hours of peak demand, whereas wind farms are better for winter. Taken together, our results suggest that Texas renewable power production can be made more reliable by combining resources of different types and locations.
The study contributes important information that could help grid planners identify the most optimal sites -- those with the most effective complementarity -- for new renewable energy facilities.
The finding is especially important for Texas because the grid manager for 90 percent of the state, ERCOT (the Electric Reliability Council of Texas), is a self contained unit. Fortunately for Texas, it is a large, coastal state located in the sunny southwestern U.S. It has significant solar resources as well as a substantial range of optimal performance between its inland and coastal wind farms.
Grid operators in other states have more opportunities to export or import electricity, so they don't have to rely on in-state resources to achieve a suitable balance of wind and solar.
As for Texas, the researchers point out that in the recent past, the state's primary renewable energy resource was wind. Now, the Texas solar industry is beginning to build up steam, providing a new opportunity to plan ahead for integrating both more wind and more solar into the grid.
The researchers suggest that by expanding their analysis to include more sites, enough information could be assembled for grid planners to identify the specific locations that provide for maximum complementarity.
One step ahead of you . . .
Our portfolio of work will help integrate all sources of electricity better, improve the security of our nation's grid, solve challenges of energy storage and distributed generation, and provide a critical platform for U.S. competitiveness and innovation in a global energy economy.
That is somewhat out of step with President Trump's pro-coal rhetoric and his administration's efforts to keep aging coal power plants in operation. Nevertheless, during Trump's tenure DOE has maintained a strong focus on its renewable energy mission.
If you caught that item about distributed generation in the grid modernization initiative, that refers to decentralized power sources like rooftop solar and small wind arrays, including single turbines.
Trump or no Trump, businesses in search of renewable energy can look forward to less fossil power and more clean power in the future, whether it comes through a grid connection or from solar panels and wind turbines on their own property.


text:
Радіофобія (радіотривожність) — комплекс нервово-психічних і соматичних фізіологічних розладів, які іноді важко піддаються лікуванню, що виражається в боязні різних джерел йонізуючого (радіація) і нейонізуючого електромагнітного випромінювання.

Термін використовується як у повсякденному житті (особливо після аварії на Чорнобильській АЕС), так і фахівцями (зазвичай у полеміці з противниками використання ядерної енергії).

На думку дослідників теми радіофобії в суспільстві, саме явище з'явилося набагато пізніше від відкриття радіації і пов'язане з інформаційною кампанією епохи «Холодної війни».

Виникнення радіофобії розглядається як психогенний ефект, який не має прямого зв'язку зі ступенем реального впливу йонізуючого випромінювання чи неіонізуючих електромагнітних полів. Як відомо, істотної шкоди здоров'ю, аж до смертельного результату, може заподіяти доза в кілька зіверт, а радіофобія полягає в боязні значно менших доз, часто через незнання даних значень або недовіру до них.

Радіофобію не слід плутати з ознаками реального ураження випромінюванням. Іноді диференціальну діагностику провести непросто, оскільки багато ознак радіофобії, зокрема пригнічення імунітету, близькі до симптомів радіаційного ураження.

Радіофобія в сучасному світі виявляється також боязню будь-яких справжніх або передбачуваних джерел випромінювання: базових станцій стільникового зв'язку, антен, мікрохвильових печей тощо.

Радіофобія і Чорнобиль
У колишньому СРСР багато пацієнтів, які постраждали внаслідок Чорнобильської катастрофи, були затавровані терміном «радіофобія», введеним в 1987 Л. А. Ільїним і О. А. Павловським у їхньому повідомленні «Радіологічні наслідки Чорнобильської катастрофи в Радянському Союзі і заходи, вжиті для пом'якшення їхнього впливу». На думку ряду дослідників, це зіграло негативну роль у реабілітації постраждалих під час катастрофи.

Примітки

Див. також
 Шапочка з фольги
 Електромагнітна безпека
 Антена

Посилання
 «В перші місяці казали, що є так звана «радіофобія» – Базика
 Д/ф «Радіофобія» (Spain/USA/Ukraine, 2006).

Радіоактивність
Фобії


text:
Firm Registrations
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Smart and Connected Communities
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Transportation Engineering
Transportation Design-Build
Structural Solutions
Traffic Engineering Portfolio
Meet Our Interns
Careers in Surveying
ADAM SCHILDMEIER JOINS WANTMAN GROUP, INC. IN WEST PALM BEACH OFFICE
Wantman Group, Inc. (WGI) is pleased to announce that Adam Schildmeier recently joined the firm in its Corporate office located at 2035 Vista Parkway in West Palm Beach in the company's Civil Engineering and Planning Division.
Adam brings over 10 years of public and private sector experience to WGI with specific expertise in site-civil design and project management. He has extensive experience working with big box projects throughout the central and south Florida regions and has worked on every phase of design and construction from due diligence packages and entitlement representation to permitting and construction observation.
"We are fortunate to have someone with Adam's experience join WGI," said David Wantman, PE, president of Wantman Group. "His experience with multiple Lowe's, Walmart, Sam's Club, and Target projects, coupled with his broad knowledge of the varied design and construction issues specific to these projects, is an asset as we continue to serve our wide range of land development clients, " said David Wantman, PE, president of WGI.
Adam holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Civil Engineering from Purdue University and is an active member of the Florida Engineering Society, currently serving as the Treasure Coast Chapter's State Director. He has earned his Professional Engineer's license and is also a LEED Accredited Professional.
As a multidisciplinary consulting firm, WGI has six offices throughout Florida and is comprised of eight separate divisions devoted to the following disciplines: Civil Engineering, Municipal Engineering, Transportation Engineering, Surveying and Mapping, Subsurface Utility Engineering, Construction, Environmental, and Planning services. WGI is among the 437 private growth companies that were Hire Power Awards honorees for 2013 and is featured in the 2nd annual edition of Inc. Hire Power Awards, recognizing the private businesses that have generated the most jobs since 2012. ZweigWhite ranked WGI #41 on the "Top 100 Fastest Growing Companies" list, as well as the "Best Firms to Work For" list. Additionally, The South Florida Business Journal recently ranked WGI number 6 on the "Top 25 Engineering Firms in South Florida" list and ranked 3767 on the 2014 Inc. 5000 list of the fastest-growing private companies in America. For more information, call 561.687.2220.
Sima Narcus, Client Services Manager
Wantman Group, Inc.
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SOUTH FLORIDA BUSINESS JOURNAL: WGI Ranked #47 on Top 100 South Florida Private Companies List
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PHILADELPHIA (CBS) — The start of daylight saving time this weekend could cause some problems. Besides losing an hour of sleep, doctors say the time shift can increase the risk of health-related issues, including heart attacks. However, making a few adjustments before setting the clocks ahead can help reduce those risks and make the transition easier.
It may not feel like it, but spring is right around the corner, which means it's time to spring forward with daylight saving time, overnight Saturday.
Moving the clocks an hour ahead can also cause our body clocks to suffer. One of the more serious risks is a 25 percent increased risk of heart attacks on the Monday after the time switch.
It can also throw off sleep schedules and make people feel jet-lagged.
To make the time switch easier, doctors recommend going to bed about 15 to 30 minutes a few days before daylight saving time starts.
"The best thing patients can do today and moving forward is try to keep the bedtime consistent, try to keep the awake time consistent, keep the room dark, keep it a little cooler and try to eliminate any lights in the room or outside lights and significant changes in temperature and noise," said Dr. Daniel Klauer, of the Sleep Therapy Centre.
In addition to keeping the room dark, experts also recommend limiting screen time before bedtime, and exposing yourself to light right when you wake up to help your body adjust.
The experts say it's especially important to help prepare your kids. They depend on sleep for growth and one hour less could have a big impact.
Try to get the kids to bed a little earlier tonight and tomorrow, and while the time change can take a little getting used to, the extra daylight reduces incidents of seasonal depression and people tend to enjoy more outdoor activities.


text:
news, local-news
BUSINESS success from the state's three Sirolli Institute corporations may still be a long way off, more than a year after the state government gave $950,000 to the project. The Sirolli Institute, founded by Ernesto Sirolli, was hired to invigorate the struggling forestry communities of George Town, Scottsdale, Smithton and the Huon Valley. The project has previously been criticised, with allegations the money could have been better spent. Next month, each corporation will receive $100,000 from the allocated funding, in addition to the $198,000 already received. Ripples North-East facilitator Victoria Pullen, who was employed by the George Town and Scottsdale corporation for two years, said no tangible business successes could be reported. The project aims to establish a community business network that pools individual experience and resources to assist, develop and foster existing and new business. Ms Pullen said she had visited up to 17 businesses in the region, and was working directly with about five. She said confidentiality prevented her from revealing pipeline projects. "To me, the benefits are there because we are working with businesses and they are working on improving their business and the community are participating," Ms Pullen said. Ms Pullen said the biggest challenge was finding the support that individual businesses required. George Town Chamber of Commerce board member Sue Sherriff, who is a member of Ripples North-East resource team, said a greater community involvement and awareness of Ms Pullen's position was needed. The Sirolli facilitation project began in Esperance in Western Australia in 1985. Esperance Shire President Malcolm Heasman said the project did not come up much in conversation, but that the successful Esperance Small Business Centre was formed. The centre offers support and networking for business, and is still open today.
https://nnimgt-a.akamaihd.net/transform/v1/resize/frm/storypad-3BGqnABECPrQWPQdDVKLwqz/995408c2-1824-460c-b9cc-d5409fa11226.jpg/w1200_h678_fcrop.jpg
May 5 2013 - 12:00AM
Institute defends Sirolli project
ISABEL BIRD
BUSINESS success from the state's three Sirolli Institute corporations may still be a long way off, more than a year after the state government gave $950,000 to the project.
The Sirolli Institute, founded by Ernesto Sirolli, was hired to invigorate the struggling forestry communities of George Town, Scottsdale, Smithton and the Huon Valley.
The project has previously been criticised, with allegations the money could have been better spent.
Next month, each corporation will receive $100,000 from the allocated funding, in addition to the $198,000 already received.
Ripples North-East facilitator Victoria Pullen, who was employed by the George Town and Scottsdale corporation for two years, said no tangible business successes could be reported.
The project aims to establish a community business network that pools individual experience and resources to assist, develop and foster existing and new business.
Ms Pullen said she had visited up to 17 businesses in the region, and was working directly with about five.
She said confidentiality prevented her from revealing pipeline projects.
"To me, the benefits are there because we are working with businesses and they are working on improving their business and the community are participating," Ms Pullen said.
Ms Pullen said the biggest challenge was finding the support that individual businesses required.
George Town Chamber of Commerce board member Sue Sherriff, who is a member of Ripples North-East resource team, said a greater community involvement and awareness of Ms Pullen's position was needed.
The Sirolli facilitation project began in Esperance in Western Australia in 1985.
Esperance Shire President Malcolm Heasman said the project did not come up much in conversation, but that the successful Esperance Small Business Centre was formed.
The centre offers support and networking for business, and is still open today.


text:
Biełyje Nosy
Biełyje Nosy by Tede Sir Mich
Overview. Total views, likes or dislikes have been reached by "Biełyje Nosy" as summary. Interactive graphics based on weekly views and history of all chart achieves for this music video.
Tede & Sir Mich - Biełyje Nosy Feat. Książę Kapota / Karmagedon
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"Biełyje Nosy" has reached 2.9M total views, 62.9K likes, and 7K dislikes. It has been submitted at 28/06/2019 and spent 3 weeks on the charts. For all times when appearing in charts, the song achieved 735.5K average weekly views.
Video Views by week
Weekly Chart Achieves (Top 40 Songs)
The highest charting position of the entry is #5 . The video has reached most views on week #236 , acquiring 1.6M views on YouTube. The song appeared 2 total times in the Top 10 ; The worst ranking place of the video is #230. "Biełyje Nosy" has been charted in 1 trends (countries):
Poland Top 40 Chart
Poland Top 40 / week #237
Daily Chart Achieves (Top 100 Songs)
The highest ranking position of the entry is #5 . The video has achieved most views on 01/07/2019, acquiring 270.3K views on YouTube. The song appeared 15 total times in the Top 10 ; 3 total times in the Top 20 ; The worst charting place of the entry is #12. Find all daily charts - Top 100 Poland
17/07/2019 132.5K
12/07/2019 145K
Vote for "Biełyje Nosy"
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text:
John William BAINBRIDGE
No. 1203032 Leading Aircraftman
Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve.
Buried in Darlington West Cemetery,
Section T.4W, Grave 325.
The unit to which he belonged, and the circumstances of his death, are at present unknown.
John William Bainbridge was born on 19 February 1908. His parents were John William Bainbridge and Janet Margaret Bainbridge, and the family lived in Coatham. His father was a brick manufacturer and building contractor. John had a younger brother at the school, Frederick Lawrence, and two older sisters, Dorothy and Margery. John entered Coatham Grammar School in September 1920, aged twelve, joining Pearson's House in Form IIIB. He had previously attended Redcar Zetland School and came to Coatham School as a day boy with a Sir William Turner Scholarship. He left school in July 1924, having in that year played cricket for his house, for which he received his colours. The school magazine of 1925 also notes John as "bringing a banjo and lotos flute to the school orchestra". His occupation on leaving school is currently not known. The school magazine of June 1944 noted him as "killed in recent air operations" and he is first listed on the School's Roll of Honour in December 1944. He left a widow, Rita Lilian Bainbridge, who lived at 47, Nut Lane, Middlesbrough, at the time of his death.


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KISSr is a service that lets you host static websites using Dropbox as a web host. The advantage of KISSr over other competitors discussed in this article is that it lets you register and use a proper custom domain name instead of using sub-domains or long URLs. Just go to KISSr site, enter the name you want for your site (you'll need to start with a sub-domain) and then click on the big Try it button.
The biggest disadvantage of using KISSr is that even though you are using Dropbox as the backend, it will limit the overall storage and bandwidth of your account.
DropPages is an web application that connects to your Dropbox account to create a site for you. The benefit of using DropPages is that it does not restrict any space usage like KISSr and gives you a subdomain (yourname.droppages.com) to access your site. Follow the steps below to create your website with DropPages.
This will ask you to sign into your Dropbox account. Click the "Sign in" button and give it permission to access your Dropbox account.
After you sign into your account, you will be greeted with screen where you can press the Allow button in order to proceed. Pressing the Deny button will cancel the signup process.
You can also pre-built themes of HTML pages.
Although you can use the services listed above to create your site on Dropbox but if you don't want to go through the signup process and don't want to manage your site through anyone else, you can simply follow this guide to create your own hosting on Dropbox without using any tools.
Create a folder named "Public" (if it is not already there) in your Dropbox account. Next, you will need to visit this page to enable the public folder on your account. Now create another folder called "site" inside the public folder. Put all your HTML pages inside the "site" folder.
The "site" folder will act as the root folder for your static site. You can right click any file and get the public link under Dropbox menu. The link can be shared with other people. The person who has the link will be able to open the webpage.
Dropbox links are pretty long and can't be remembered. If you have a domain name, you can easily redirect all your pages hosted on Dropbox to your own domain. This depends upon whether your host supports URL directing from the control panel or not. If the host does not support it, you can redirect the pages using the .htaccess file.
You will need to change the "/site" if you are using another name for the site folder. You will also need to replace the Dropbox public URL with your own.personal public URL. Get the Dropbox URL by right clicking any file in the Public folder and then select "Get public link" under Dropbox menu.
Let me explain what the above command does. It will redirect all URLs containing "yoursite.com/site/xyz.html" where xyz.html is the page name which is hosted on Dropbox. For example, I have added a file called index.html in my "site" folder in my Dropbox account. Now whenever I want to open index.html, I will have to enter "http://mysite.com/site/index.html". You can put any number of files in the site folder. You will be able to access those files using the above method.
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Snoring may seem comical, but obstructive sleep apnea is no joke. It can increase your risk of high blood pressure and diabetes -- and even make you more dangerous on the road.
There is a new treatment for sleep apnea that could help millions of Americans get a good night's rest and avoid the dangerous long-term consequences of leaving the disorder untreated.
Some 18 million Americans suffer from the affliction. Those who have it experience drawing breath at night because the muscles in their neck relax during sleep, causing the airway to collapse. They snore, wake repeatedly, and never get a proper full night's sleep. This can lead to heart problems and other serious issues, even death.
CLEVELAND -- Cavaliers rookie forward Anthony Bennett, the top pick in this year's NBA draft, has asthma and sleep apnea.
From Wikipedia: On the morning of December 26, 2004, Reggie White, the former Green Bay Packer was rushed from his home in Cornelius, North Carolina, to a nearby hospital in Huntersville, North Carolina, where he was pronounced dead. White had suffered a fatal cardiac arrhythmia. The most likely cause of this, according to the Mecklenburg County Medical Examiner's Office, was the cardiac and pulmonary sarcoidosis with which he had lived for years. It was also stated that sleep apnea, which White was known to suffer from, may have contributed to his death. His grave site is situated at Glenwood Memorial Park, Mooresville, North Carolina.
Apnea is defined by the cessation of respiratory airflow. The length of time necessary to be qualified as a true apneic event has changed dramatically over the last few decades: 2 minutes in 1956, 1 minute in 1959, 30 seconds in 1970, and 20 seconds or shorter if associated with bradycardia or cyanosis in 1978. The reduction of the duration in the definition of apnea reveals doctors' desire to intervene early enough to avoid systemic consequences.


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If you are thinking of investing in Manchester then you have to carry out some research and know the best areas where you should own commercial property. In this article all the best areas where you should consider investing in Manchester will be disclosed. It will be focusing on the tenants, the growth, the demand and the investment strategy of that area. All these will help you come up with the decision of the best place of investing in this part of the UK.
This is the first area that you should consider investing in. It is very close to Manchester City Centre and you can just walk for around five minutes and get there. It is an area that has a lot of growth potential and this comes with real benefits to investing in Salford. There are so many potentials which make it a catchy option for entrepreneurs. You can get great rental yield in this area as well. In short, there is so much business potential in Salford.
These are the other two places where you should invest. There are so many benefits of investing in Manchester City Centre or South Manchester. Over the years, these areas have been good in terms of capital growth and rental appreciation. You can carry out a detailed research on investing in Manchester and look at the investment strategies that will boast your potential. One of the best businesses that is doing great is the resale market.
An area that is just on the opposite side of Manchester to Salford. It is to the east of Manchester. There is so much that this area has to offer when it comes to commercial property for sale Manchester. It has affordable housing and there are many properties that make amazing rentals. This means that Tameside offers you a very good tenant profile.
This is an area that is in South Manchester and it one of the best areas to invest in. When it comes to the property growth, this area is massive. It is close to Manchester airport and there are many infrastructure developments going on there. The metrolink goes through Wythenshawe which makes it very easy to access Manchester City Centre. The house prices in this area have gone up in a significant manner and it has a lot of property growth. The resell market here is very strong and investing in Wythenshawe can never go wrong.
Investing involves a lot of things and one of them is choosing the best area where your property or business will thrive well in the long-term so that is why you should invest in the best areas in Manchester.


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