Flawed organizational structures and leadership chokepoints can lead to self-imposed glass ceilings that restrict company growth.
It begins with operational friction that never seems to go away. It affects the growth of your company until you believe you cannot grow beyond a certain volume of units sold and delivered. Sometimes it is so pervasive and yet invisible to you, the owner or manager. What is this insidious condition that can drain the life out of a group of hardworking people? Simply put, it's the wrong organizational structure coupled with managers who are not capable leaders.
One of the most common signs of flawed organization and leadership is when a company has demand for its product yet cannot get above a certain level without extreme institutional fatigue and instability. The end result is the company falls back to a comfortable size. Often, the company's leaders will lay the blame on a lack of capital or some other uncontrollable circumstances.
But more frequently the cause is inertia, the tendency to resist change. Can inertia be overcome? Yes, but like everything else on earth, companies must obey the laws of physics, and the force needed to pull away must be greater than the force needed to stay at rest.
The first obstacle is changing the mindset of, "We do it this way because we do it this way." This attitude is just another way of saying that the leadership has gotten too comfortable and does not want to make the changes that ultimately will benefit the entire organization. But without a doubt, organizational structure forces a direct change in company behavior. Think of it this way: If you have a rocking chair, you can rock. If you do not have a rocker, you'll just sit there in your stationary chair. In other words, organizational structure gives you the means to leverage various aspects of your company and enhances the ultimate performance of your team. Easy to say but not so easy to do. Sometimes, you need an outsider to help you see your way through the heavy veil of the status quo. This is how I approach it.
One of the first items I address with clients is to take a look at their one- to three-year goals and expected growth of units and revenue. This is the foundational platform that determines how a company should be structured. There are other factors that influence the organizational structure; the most important to me are units built, dollar volume, complexity or simplicity of product, geographic breadth, technological expertise, and process flow management. These are the major factors that contribute to the development of the best organizational design for each company and create the demand for relevant leadership positions.
As you decide on the best way to structure your company, keep in mind that as your volume and geographic reach change so may your optimal organizational structure. In fact, frequent restructuring is a way of life for fast-growing firms. Unfortunately, they often restructure in a reactive rather than a proactive way. So restructure with change in mind. Change is good if you are a growing firm; it means you are realigning your people and processes to find their optimal performance points as your company evolves. You must lead so your team grows accustomed to change, especially if you intend to scale quickly.
As you go about creating an organizational structure that supports growth, take a close look at your management team. It is imperative that members of the team possess the necessary leadership qualities—energy, integrity, courage, and vision—to help their group overcome inertia and to keep them performing well when they are stretched. These qualities are must-haves in addition to the technical expertise and commitment to excellence that you normally look for to help lift the company. The placement of the right people in key positions is so important that if you place an incompetent leader in such a position, there can be significant harm done to any scaling effort you undertake. An incompetent leader can slow or reverse your efforts at a moment when timely execution is critical.
I do not have enough space to say everything that needs to be said on the topic of integrity, but I will emphasize that your senior leadership team must possess stellar personal qualities: qualities that will energize the troops to follow and act as a team. Poor character has no place in a fast-moving firm. Character flaws will reveal themselves fairly soon under stress, but why waste any time at all? You need to quickly Rolodex your way to a great team. Each day without the right team in place harms your company. Use intuition as your guide and, if you are not feeling 100-percent confident about the team, make changes until you have the right team in place.
Let's get down to cases and work through a real-life example. A builder building 75 homes a year secures a large land parcel that calls for the delivery of over 225 homes in the next 12-to-18 months. The company will be required to perform according to their well-designed and highly accurate financial projections. The homes will be built in four locations: two large sites, each with 75 homes slated to start, and four additional sites with a total of 75 semi-custom homes built within brownfield (infill) communities.
The builder's team currently consists of enough people to build 75 homes per year of limited complexity (2,750 square feet with 2 stories). But the company will now be scaling toward more production. The team is nervous, and they know they are understaffed. The first thing to do is reassure the staff, reduce their stress levels, and let them know the company will adapt as needed to produce the desired results.
The next thing to do is restructure your organization for growth. A camping analogy using the new star-type tents can help illustrate how this reorganization can be done. Let's say the center is held in place by the president and there are other poles holding up the sides. Every organization commingles its work effort to some extent, but for our example let's outline some standard positions for the tent poles. They are the chief financial officer, vice president of land acquisition, vice president of sales, vice president of product development, vice president of marketing, vice president of internal operations, and vice president of external operations (or production or construction).
When filling those positions, look at the tasks that must be done and determine who can actually perform each task and lead others on the team to do the same. Remember, as with an actual tent, you must attempt to raise the tent poles simultaneously, while also realizing that rain or a big gust of wind can come by at just the wrong moment.
Along with performance, you have to think about how you spend time and money. Team members should be spending all of their time on their own jobs and everyone should be paid what they are worth. Chain of command is very important in this system and is an effective way to get folks moving. But use it judiciously; if you have to step in to coach and provide clarity on the desired results or priorities, that is fine. If you have to step in to lead someone else's team, your leader just failed. If one team leader's tent pole is 1-foot off the ground and the rest of the team has lifted theirs 3-feet off the ground, your company is officially experiencing organizational dysfunction.
Finally, at the bottom of each tent pole is a team that anchors the pole and allows it to be raised. If anyone on a team cannot perform or is not a team player, the pole cannot be elevated in synchronization with the other poles. When a big gust comes along, the whole tent collapses.
One example of this involves the internal operations group, which the vice president of internal operations oversees. Its duties include data logic and design, operating systems for communications, costing, design, and operations. There are managers for contracts (or purchasing), estimating, job budgeting, job start control, and a custom option coordinator, along with a permit coordinator. If any member of this team is not in place or performing well, then the group's entire function is likely to be disrupted. And if the internal operations team is not performing well, the external operations team will be affected along with it.
The bottom line is teamwork and the synchronized elevation of functional performance are essential. The positions must be filled with leaders who can work well together, both within their teams and across other functions. Your company must invest in the right people who can lead and raise the team. Chain of command, if adhered to, forces you to have great leaders in place as it forbids you from crossing the line into another team member's position.
Ultimately, if you structure the framework of the tent correctly (key leadership positions are filled), allow them to own their positions (coach and guide, but do not interfere), reward fast-paced teamwork and alignment, and allow the team to backfill their bench when you stretch them beyond their highest efficiency (adding people when necessary), you can scale rapidly and effectively. The president of the home-building firm—the center pole—should then be able to focus his or her time on public relations and positioning the company in the business community, product development, land acquisition strategies, funding, organizational strategy, communication, and leadership. Sometimes the glass ceiling that many companies run up against is directly caused by the owners and partners. The reason? Failure to follow the simple guidelines outlined above.
If your company puts the correct framework, leadership, and teams in place, great things will happen. You will see an aligned team having fun, moving fast, and adapting to whatever circumstances may occur. You may also become more profitable than you imagined possible.
So what's stopping you? Step in front of the mirror and take a good look at how your company is structured. Don't be afraid to be introspective; that is when the most amazing things can happen in your business and in your life.
Noelle Tarabulski is CEO of Builder Consulting Group of Lakewood, Colo., a management consulting firm dedicated to builders and developers since 1991. She can be reached at noellet@buildertools.com.


Encourage students to deepen their biblical understanding with Lifepac Bible! Self-paced, mastery techniques are combined with colorful illustrations and lessons entitled: God created all things, God loves His children, we can pray, God wants you to be good, Old Testament stories, God's promise, Jesus, our saviour, God calls missionaries, New Testament stories, God gave you many gifts. 10 workbooks are included in this workbook set. The Teacher's Guide must be purchased separately. Grade 1.


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Home » Business » NIESR Sees High Risk Of Contraction In UK GDP
NIESR Sees High Risk Of Contraction In UK GDP
Despite the monthly growth in the gross domestic product during October, the UK economy is likely to stagnate or shrink in the final quarter of this year, the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, or NIESR, said Monday.
ONS data showed earlier on Monday that GDP grew 0.5 percent monthly in October, which was largely attributable to the weakness in September resulting from the additional bank holiday for the state funeral of HM Queen Elizabeth II.
There was a strong pick-up in wholesale and retail trade, and repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, which were apparently strongly affected by the additional bank holiday.
However, GDP shrank 0.3 percent in the quarter to October, driven by a 1.7 percent decrease in production.
Though the monthly figure signaled a seemingly positive outlook, forecast suggests that the risk of a contraction in GDP in the last quarter of this year remains elevated, the think tank said in its monthly GDP tracker report.
"There are still strong downside risks to GDP in the fourth quarter of this year due to high inflation and interest rates -which continue to suppress demand -and supply chain disruptions, as well as work backlogs due to industrial action and a tight labor market -which continue to weigh on business growth," NIESR Associate Economist Paula Carbo said.
"We still expect GDP to remain flat in the fourth quarter of this year."
Recent CIPS/S&P Global purchasing managers surveys showed decline in activity in both the manufacturing and services sectors and a modest growth in the construction industry. These signal a strong risk that anemic business activity will drag on GDP in the fourth quarter, the NIESR said.
While survey data revealed a rebound in business confidence in November, after the slump induced by the Truss government and its 'mini-budget', strong pessimism regarding the outlook prevails among the firms in all three sectors as increasing evidence of the UK economy in recession emerge.
High prices, interest rates and uncertainty, which continue to hurt household and business spending, alongside supply-side issues like labor shortages and strike action, all bode poorly for UK economic performance in the fourth quarter of this year, the NIESR said.
However, the institute expects growth in the construction sector alongside the seasonal increase in consumption to result in GDP remaining flat in the fourth quarter.
Adani group to invest Rs 10,700 crore to expand Lucknow airport
Justice for lorry driver conned in trainer sales scam – The Crusader
The Nations that Killed The Most Civilians During the 20th Century

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After 11 months and 26 days, I managed to finish the last project and exam for the MIT Challenge. That makes 33 classes for which I passed the final exams and did the programming projects.
Create an exciting, but specific, mission. I couldn't have learned the content of this challenge if I hadn't wrapped it into a compelling mission. Even calling it the "MIT Challenge" helped me make the goal more specific and real. Too many self-education quests begin as vague ideas and fall apart without any constraints.
Build a curriculum or find one. For small projects, taking an individual course will do. For bigger ones, try creating an actual curriculum. MIT (and other universities) offer many free courses, and also have outlines of their undergraduate and graduate programs. Having a preexisting curriculum forced me to be consistent and not avoid topics just because they were hard.
Be public in your quest. Self-ed has a harder time obtaining legitimacy, in part, because nobody holds you accountable to that. Being public about my challenge made me accountable and gave me discipline I wouldn't have had in a private quest. Consider starting a blog about your mission, even if you do it anonymously.
In the long-term, I'd like to start working on interesting programming projects and I'd like to become more proficient with Ruby on Rails. I'd also like to learn more about AI, a topic I feel I've barely scratched the surface of, and finally have the tools to learn in-depth.
But for right now I'm going to take a much-needed vacation. I'll be living in Paris for the next month, speaking French and probably drinking too much wine.
Thanks to everyone who followed me this last year, and put up with the somewhat less frequent blog articles and the borderline narcissism of writing about myself all the time. All I hope is that being public about this goal has encouraged a few people to consider taking the leap into their own self-education project!


The royal gave a speech at the Natural History Museum.
The Duchess of Cambridge attended the special unveiling of a giant blue whale skeleton at the Natural History Museum with naturalist Sir David Attenborough last night.
The 35-year-old royal, who looked understated in a pale blue Preen dress and black Prada heels, delivered a speech as patron of the museum, and was among the first to view the huge 83-foot skeleton as it was hung from the ceiling in the newly refurbished Hintze Hall.
Addressing guests at the event, Kate spoke about her children Prince George and Princess Charlotte's love for the museum.
"Like many of you here tonight, I remember visiting the Natural History Museum as a child, and being inspired with a love of nature," she said. "And now, as a parent myself, I am experiencing the joy all over again with my own children, who adore coming here – and it is not just to see the T-Rex, mind you.
"Who could fail to be inspired standing here in this wonderful hall. It is so fitting to see the ocean now taking centre stage, with many other marine specimens as star attraction in this splendid Hintze Hall."
The whale skeleton has replaced Dippy the Diplodocus, which first went on display in 1979. Meanwhile, Hintze Hall will reopen to the public today after six months of refurbishment.
Kate's public engagement at the South Kensington museum comes a day after her attendance at the Queen's state banquet at Buckingham Palace, which was held in honor of King Felipe VI and Queen Letizia of Spain.


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Illustrations from Alice Through the Looking-Glass, or, the proper title, Through the Looking-Glass And What Alice Found There, by Lewis Carroll, With fifty illustrations by John Tenniel; London, 1871; my copy is later, 1935. I have not yet scanned all 50 illustrations.
The illustrations, along with those from Alice In Wonderland, helped to make John Tenniel famous; less well-known is that the pictures were engraved (in order to print them) onto wood by the Dalziel brothers.
White Pawn (Alice) to play, and win in eleven moves.


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2019 College Guide and Rankings
Republic 3.0
Successes of Philanthropy
Tuesday's Mini-Report
| 5:30 PM
TUESDAY'S MINI-REPORT…. Today's edition of quick hits:
* In a change, the Bush administration now supports an "immediate ceasefire" in Gaza. The AP added, however, that U.S. officials "quickly stressed they would not budge from their stance that it must be durable, sustainable and indefinite."
* The shift in U.S. position came shortly after an Israeli bombardment hit outside a U.N. school where hundreds of Palestinians had sought refuge. At least 30 people, many of them children, were killed.
* There's a lot of talk about who might replace Bill Richardson at Commerce. Sebelius and Becerra are out, Gregoire was never in, and Parsons might be in.
* Obama seems serious about his opposition to wasteful earmark spending in the stimulus bill.
* Norm Coleman held a press conference this afternoon, not to concede, but to announce that he's filing yet another lawsuit.
* Nancy Pelosi was the unanimous choice among Democrats to continue serving as Speaker of the House.
* If you read one article today, make it this one about Muhammad Saad Iqbal.
* A gender-neutral House. Sounds good.
* For all of CNN's work promoting its "Planet in Peril" series, it still has Lou Dobbs on every night, repeating all manner of ignorant nonsense about global warming. It's an embarrassment.
* Credit where credit is due: Bush's new protected marine areas in the Pacific Ocean is a good move.
* Publius makes the case that Roland Burris is destroying his reputation.
* Gary Farber wants to know why Dennis Blair, Obama's choice to be the Director of National Intelligence, isn't drawing closer scrutiny, especially for his ties in 1999 to the Indonesian military. Kevin Drum takes a closer look.
* Congrats to Matt Stoller for his position on Capitol Hill.
Anything to add? Consider this an open thread.
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Steve Benen
Steve Benen is a producer at MSNBC's The Rachel Maddow Show. He was the principal contributor to the Washington Monthly's Political Animal blog from August 2008 until January 2012.
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by Julie Rodin Zebrak
| 9:00 AM
It's not happening on the Senate floor. It's happening on cable news and on social media.
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The Troll Presidency Takes Another Pointlessly Cruel Action
by David Atkins
Trump has turned the U.S. government into a cult of grievance.
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Trump's Legal Team is a Wretched Hive of Scum and Villainy
by Martin Longman
The president produces an assembly of morally compromised and disgraced attorneys to defend him ...read more
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It Is Beginning to Look Like the U.S. Has a Corruption Problem, Not Ukraine
by Nancy LeTourneau
Zelensky's government has announced two investigations, just not the ones Trump wanted.
The Trump Administration Just Quietly Deported 25 Cambodian Immigrants
by Charles Dunst
Most have spent their whole lives here. Now they're being sent to a country they barely know.
by Grace Gedye
Teachers across the country earn grad degrees to get raises. Turns out those degrees don't improve student learning—they just fatten universities' bottom lines.
Trump's Legal Team Is a Wretched Hive of Scum and Villainy
The president produces an assembly of morally compromised and disgraced attorneys to defend him in the impeachment trial.
Has a Criminal Cabal Infected the Federal Government?
| 11:04 AM
Removing Trump from office is merely step one in the process of cleaning house.
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Press Releases/
United States Mint Selects 27 Artists for Artistic Infusion Program
The U.S. Mint selected 27 artists to participate in the Artist Infusion Program (AIP) from a nationwide Call for Artists.
WASHINGTON – Today, the United States Mint (Mint) announced that 27 artists have been selected to participate in its Artistic Infusion Program (AIP) to enrich and enhance designs on U.S. coins.
"We've selected diverse artists who represent every region of America, from coast to coast," said Mint Director David J. Ryder. "Sixteen of the artists are new to the program and we're challenging them to exert a major influence on the future of our nation's coinage, to aspire to the creative mastery of giants such as Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Victor David Brenner, and A.A. Weinman as the Mint creates new designs in the 21st century."
AIP artists were selected based on the artistic merit of their applications and demonstration designs they submitted during a national Call for Artists. All the AIP artists selected attended a three-day symposium from June 3 to June 5, 2019, featuring intensive training to welcome, guide and inspire their work. AIP artists who took honors in the 2019 Coin of the Year Awards – Justin Kunz and Chris Costello for the 2017 American Liberty 225th Anniversary Gold Coin as Best Gold Coin, and Emily Damstra for the Boys Town Centennial Silver Dollar, as Most Inspirational Coin – were also recognized at the symposium with a commemorative plaque signed by the Director of the Mint.
Below is a list of the artists selected for the Artistic Infusion Program. Names of returning AIP artists appear in italics. Biographical information and photographs of the newly selected artists will appear on the Mint website in the near future at https://www.usmint.gov/learn/artists:
Katelyn Arquette Steven Kenny
Peter Beck Justin Kunz
Robert J. Clarke Patricia Lucas-Morris
Chris Costello Richard Masters
Emily Damstra Frank Morris
Allen Douglas Laurie Musser
Lucas Durham Jennie Norris
Don Everhart Ron Sanders
Steve Ferris Ben Sowards
Barbara Fox Matt Swaim
Dennis Friel Heidi Wastweet
Elana Hagler Donna Weaver
Christina Hess Beth Zaiken
Tom Hipschen
The AIP was established in 2003. It serves to enrich and invigorate the design of United States coins and medals by developing a pool of outside artists who specialize in graphic design, sculpture, engraving, drawing, painting, and other visual arts. These artists work closely with the United States Mint's staff, including Sculptor-Engravers, to create and submit new designs for selected coin and medal programs throughout the year.
The designs of AIP artists adorn many United States coins and medals, such as America the Beautiful Quarters®, Native American $1 coins, commemorative coins, platinum proof coins, Congressional Gold Medals, American Liberty gold coins, and various silver and bronze medals.
Artists who join the AIP work under a task order contract from their own studios across the country, providing candidate designs in the form of finished drawings. Artists are paid $2,000 to $3,000 per assignment and are awarded a $5,000 bonus if their design is selected for a coin or medal by the Secretary of the Treasury. In addition to the bonus, the artist is named in historical documents, Certificates of Authenticity, and promotional materials. In most cases, the artist's initials appear on the final coins or medals along with the initials of the Sculptor-Engraver who sculpted the selected design.
The Mint is especially interested in artists who will bring innovative perspectives and incorporate symbolism into their work to clearly and evocatively convey subjects and themes. From portraits and landscapes to depictions of notable achievements in American history, coin and medal designs require rendering a range of subjects and themes on a small space.
To apply for the AIP, artists must be U.S. citizens who are established professional artists, defined as one who meets all of the following criteria:
Has at least five years of relevant work experience or has received specialized training in his or her artistic field, such as a degree or certification.
Derives a portion of his or her individual earned income from his or her art or areas related to his or her art.
Has experience in digital art techniques such as use of Photoshop, Illustrator, Wacom tablets, or similar technology.
Has a professional portfolio that includes published or publicly displayed art.
About the United States Mint
Congress created the United States Mint in 1792, and the Mint became part of the Department of the Treasury in 1873. As the Nation's sole manufacturer of legal tender coinage, the Mint is responsible for producing circulating coinage for the Nation to conduct its trade and commerce. The Mint also produces numismatic products, including proof, uncirculated, and commemorative coins; Congressional Gold Medals; silver and bronze medals; and silver and gold bullion coins. Its numismatic programs are self-sustaining and operate at no cost to taxpayers.
Visit usmint.gov/about for information about the United States Mint.
Visit catalog.usmint.gov/email-signup to subscribe to United States Mint electronic product notifications, news releases, and public statements.
Sign up for RSS Feeds from the United States Mint and follow us on Facebook and Twitter,
United States Mint – Connecting America through Coins
Press Inquiries: Office of Corporate Communications (202) 354-7222
Customer Service Information: (800) USA MINT (872-6468)
Artistic Infusion
January 10, 2022 - United States Mint Begins Shipping First American Women Quarters™ Program Coins
January 3, 2022 - United States Mint Accepting Orders for Negro Leagues Baseball Commemorative Coin Program on January 6
November 26, 2021 - United States Mint Announces 2022 Native American $1 Coin Reverse Design
November 11, 2021 - United States Mint Announces Designs for the National Purple Heart Hall of Honor Commemorative Coin Program
November 10, 2021 - United States Mint Announces Designs for the Negro Leagues Baseball Commemorative Coin Program
View or search all Press Releases


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George Osborne and his wife announce divorce after 21 years of marriage
By Telegraph Reporters 1 July 2019 • 6:09pm
Former chancellor George Osborne with his wife, Frances. It has been announced that the couple are to divorce after 21 years of marriage Credit: Neil Hall/PA
Former chancellor George Osborne and his author wife Frances are to divorce after 21 years of marriage, it has been announced.
A statement on behalf of the Evening Standard editor said the pair remain "good friends" and "jointly devoted" to their two children, Liberty and Luke, but had mutually decided to split.
The statement issued on Monday evening said: "George and Frances Osborne have sadly decided to divorce after 21 years of marriage.
"This is a long thought-through and mutual decision. They remain good friends and jointly devoted to their wonderful children.
"For the sake of their children, they ask that the family's privacy is respected. Neither George nor Frances will be making any comment."
The pair met at a mutual friend's house over Sunday lunch, before marrying in 1998.
Mr Osborne, who served as Chancellor between 2010 and 2016, stood down as MP for Tatton two years ago and has gone on to hold a number of other roles.
He is a Northern Powerhouse Partnership chairman, and during his editorship of the London newspaper has served as a dean's fellow at the Stanford Graduate School for Business, an honorary professor of economics at the University of Manchester, and a fellow at the McCain Institute in Washington DC.
He was appointed as an adviser to US investment giant Blackrock in early 2017, but is now thought to be a considering a return to frontline politics.
Mrs Osborne, who was educated at the independent Marlborough College and Oxford University before training as a barrister, is the daughter of Tory former minister Lord Howell of Guildford.
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Philip Pomper
Philip Pomper was born in Chicago and attended the University of Chicago, where he specialized in modern European history and Russian history.
Lenin's Brother
Philip Pomper was born in Chicago and attended the University of Chicago, where he specialized in modern European history and Russian history. He received his B.A in 1959, his M. A. in 1961, and his Ph.D. in 1965. He developed an early interest in revolutionary history. He wrote his master's thesis on peasant rebellions in the Russian empire in 1902. He then began focusing his studies on the revolutionary intelligentsia and wrote his doctoral thesis on Peter Lavrov, the narodnik theorist. While at Chicago he studied under Leopold Haimson. After a year (1962-63) studying at Moscow State University under the auspices of the cultural exchange between the U.S.A. and the Soviet Union, with the help of a Ford Foundation grant he did archival work in Amsterdam and further research and writing in New York City (1963-64). With the help of grants and fellowships, over the years he has worked on research projects in NYC, Cambridge, Mass., Washington, D. C., and Palo Alto, Calif., and in Russia and western Europe.
In 1964 he began teaching at Wesleyan University and will retire at the end of the current academic year, in June 2010. He plans to continue researching and writing after retiring from teaching.
He developed a lifelong interest in the Russian revolutionary movement and the Russian intelligentsia and a special interest in revolutionary terrorism. His publications, both books and articles, reflect this. At the same time, he became more interested in the biography of revolutionaries and added psychological approaches to his repertoire, thus acquiring the label "psychohistorian." The titles of his books and articles (the latter not included here) reflect these interests. He also became interested in theory and joined the editorial staff of the journal History and Theory in 1991. He has published articles for the journal and co-edited three books (not listed below) based on History and Theory projects.
His major contributions to Russian and intellectual history are:
The Russian Revolutionary Intelligentsia (1970)
Peter Lavrov and the Russian Revolutionary Movement (1973)
Sergei Nechaev (1979)
The Structure of Mind in History (1985)
Trotsky's Notebooks, 1933-35: Writings on Lenin, Dialectics, and Evolutionism (1986)
Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin: The Intelligentsia and Power (1990)
Lenin's Brother: The Origins of the October Revolution (2010)
In Lenin's Brother, Philip Pomper traces the life and ultimate death (by hanging) of Alexander Ulyanov, Lenin's older brother. In 1887, decades before the October Revolution, Alexander Ulyanov led a group of fellow students at St. Petersburg University in an attempt to assassinate the tsar. This step towards revolution, terrorism and change powerfully influenced Vladimir Ulyanov and was pivotal in his transformation into the legendary "Lenin". In examining the psychology of the Ulyanov household as well as of the St. Petersburg students, Pomper provides a fresh insight into the background history of "the most important revolutionary of the twentieth century."


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January 24th, 1995, was a Tuesday. It was day 24 of 1995. The decade was the Nineties.
The first opening statements are made in the trial against O.J. Simpson.
United States: Creep - TLC
United Kingdom: Cotton Eye Joe - Rednex
On Bended Knee - Boyz II Men
Creep - TLC
Another Night - Real McCoy
Always - Bon Jovi
Take A Bow - Madonna
A Spotify playlist of songs from the year 1995. Take a trip back to the days of Take That, Coolio, Oasis, TLC, Offspring and N-Trance.
The top "Box Office" movie on this date was the film "Dumb and Dumber".
The date is January 24th, 1995, and it's a Tuesday. Anyone born today will have the star sign Aquarius. In America, the song Creep by TLC is on top of the singles charts.
Over in the UK, Cotton Eye Joe by Rednex is the number one hit song. Bill Clinton is currently the President of the United States, and the movie Dumb and Dumber is at the top of the Box Office. In the United Kingdom, John Major is the current Prime Minister.
A new form of communication called "text messaging" is continuing to grow in popularity. However, it can only be done if both the sender and the receiver are on the same cell network. Meanwhile, a global system called "the Internet" is also starting to take off. Each day, more and more people are learning how to send emails and browse "websites" on the World Wide Web by connecting their IBM computers to noisy dial-up modems. In fashion, "grunge" clothing has declined in popularity and women are beginning to wear form-fitting outfits such as slip dresses and pencil skirts. Movies such as Clueless and The Craft have popularized the "sexy school girl" look.
In Europe, a war is continuing to rage on in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Meanwhile, CDs have become the dominant format for music. People are buying CD players and portable CD players such as the "Discman". As a result, the older cassette tape format is continuing to decline in sales. It's 1995, so radio stations are being dominated by the likes of Celine Dion, Everything but the Girl, Coolio, Oasis, Michael Jackson, Boyzone, Madonna, Montell Jordan, TLC and Mariah Carey.
Former football player O.J. Simpson is currently being tried for the murder of his ex wife and her friend. If you were to travel back to this day, notable figures such as Richey Edwards, Eazy E, Selena and Bob Ross would all be still alive. On TV, people are watching popular shows such as "Matlock", "One Foot in the Grave", "Frasier" and "Babylon 5".
Meanwhile, gamers are playing titles such as "Myst", "Star Wars: TIE Fighter", "Earthworm Jim" and "Warcraft: Orcs & Humans". Children and teenagers are currently watching television shows such as "Roseanne", "Rugrats", "Doug" and "Taz-Mania". Popular toys at the moment include the likes of Cabbage Patch Kids, Yo-yo, G.I. Joe (figures) and Action Man.
The Great Hanshin earthquake.
On January 17th, 1995, an earthquake struck the south of Japan. Up to 6,434 people lost their lives.
Popular music artists in 1995 included Coolio, Oasis, TLC, Seal, Boyz II Men, Mariah Carey, Luniz, The Notorious B.I.G., Michael Jackson, Madonna, Real McCoy, Bon Jovi, Des'ree, Shaggy, Boyz II Men, Montell Jordan, Bryan Adams, Green Day and Def Leppard.
In 1995, the best NBA players were David Robinson, Karl Malone, Scottie Pippen, John Stockton, Penny Hardaway, Charles Barkley, Shawn Kemp, Shaquille O'Neal, Gary Payton, Mitch Richmond, Detlef Schrempf, Dennis Rodman, Hakeem Olajuwon, Reggie Miller and Clyde Drexler.
Newt Gingrich.
Republican politician Newt Gingrich was named as the Time Person of the Year in 1995. This was after he had led the "Republican Revolution".
Movies released in 1995 included Die Hard with a Vengeance, Toy Story, Apollo 13, GoldenEye, Pocahontas, Batman Forever, Seven, Casper, Waterworld, Jumanji, Braveheart, The Usual Suspects, Bad Boys, Billy Madison, Outbreak and Ace Ventura: When Nature Calls.
Claudia Schiffer.
German model Claudia Schiffer was listed as FHM's sexiest woman in 1995.
Best football players in 1995.
In 1995, the best soccer players were George Weah, Jürgen Klinsmann, Jari Litmanen, Alessandro Del Piero, Patrick Kluivert, Gianfranco Zola, Paolo Maldini, Marc Overmars, Matthias Sammer and Michael Laudrup.
Braveheart.
The film "Braveheart" won the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1995.
Seal - "Kiss from a Rose"
The song "Kiss from a Rose" by Seal went on to win a Grammy for 1995's Song of the Year.
First Chechen War.
During this period, the First Chechen War was raging on between Russia and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria.
The O.J. Simpson murder case.
During this time, former NFL player O.J. Simpson was on trial for the murder of his former wife, Nicole Brown Simpson, and her friend, Ron Goldman.
Mid-1990s fashion.
During the middle of the 1990s, female clothing began to become more form-fitting, as those badly-shaped "mom jeans" began to disappear. Grunge fashion started to decline and popular outfits began to include tartan minikilts, hot pants, slip dresses and knee highs.
Kids are reading Goosebumps.
During the mid-1990s, kids were reading Goosebumps, which was a series of children's horror books that were written by author R. L. Stine. The original series included books such as "Monster Blood", "Say Cheese and Die!" and "The Barking Ghost".
Pogs.
During 1993, a game called Pogs (aka Milk caps) began to spread throughout the world. By 1995, it had become a full-blown craze.
The Bosnian War.
During this time, the Bosnian War was raging on in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
December 25th, 1994: The Jungle Book (1994) is released in cinemas.
December 28th, 1994: CIA director James Woolsey resigns following his handling of the Aldrich Ames spy case.
December 30th, 1994: Maureen Starkey Tigrett, who was the first wife of The Beatles drummer Ringo Starr, passes away from leukaemia.
December 31st, 1994: Former NFL player and actor Woody Strode passes away.
January 1st, 1995: The World Trade Organization is established.
January 1st, 1995: English serial killer Fred West commits suicide.
January 11th, 1995: Comedy sitcom "The Wayans Bros" is aired for the first time.
January 16th, 1995: The first episode of "Star Trek: Voyager" is aired.
January 16th, 1995: The first episode of "Hercules: The Legendary Journeys" is aired on television.
January 16th, 1995: 14 people are killed by an avalanche in Iceland.
January 17th, 1995: The "Great Hanshin earthquake" kills 6,434 people in Japan.
January 18th, 1995: The website domain name for Yahoo is first registered.
January 22nd, 1995: Boxing: Manny Pacquiao makes his professional debut.
January 22nd, 1995: Rose Kennedy passes away at the age of 104.
January 25th, 1995: Manchester United player Eric Cantona kicks a Crystal Palace fan.
January 29th, 1995: Super Bowl XXIX: The San Francisco 49ers defeat the San Diego Chargers by 49-26 at Joe Robbie Stadium in Miami.
February 1st, 1995: Manic Street Preachers guitarist Richey Edwards goes missing from a hotel in Bayswater, London.
February 7th, 1995: Rap star Tupac Shakur is sentenced to prison time for sexual abuse.
February 10th, 1995: The comedy movie Billy Madison (1995) is released.
February 12th, 1995: Iron Butterfly bassist Philip Taylor Kramer disappears from Highway 101.
February 14th, 1995: Rapper Tupac Shakur begins his prison sentence for sexual assault.
February 14th, 1995: Actress Roseanne Barr marries bodyguard Ben Thomas in Nevada.
February 15th, 1995: English soccer hooligans riot at Lansdowne Road during a friendly soccer match between Ireland and England.
February 17th, 1995: The Brady Bunch Movie (1995) is released.
February 19th, 1995: Pamela Anderson and Tommy Lee are married.
February 21st, 1995: Joan Osborne releases her single "One of Us".
February 21st, 1995: Soccer: Arsenal manager George Graham is sacked for accepting an illegal £425,000 payment.
Chinese Zodiac Animal: In the Chinese Zodiac, 1995 was the year of the Pig (Yin Wood).
Photos of mid-1990s fashion.
Photographs of mid-1990s fashion and hairstyles.
TV show about five siblings whose parents died in a car accident.
Soap drama that is set in space.
Fran Fine becomes a nanny in wealthy widower Maxwell Sheffield's home.
Starring Chuck Norris.
Sitcom about a therapist / talk-show host called Dr. Frasier Crane.
Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman
Superman TV series starring Dean Cain and Teri Hatcher.
Special agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully team up to investigate the paranormal.
Adult animated comedy series.
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
Spin-off of "Star Trek: The Next Generation".
Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman
American Western drama.
Starring Helen Hunt and Paul Reiser.
Comedian Martin Lawrence plays the role of a radio talk show host.
Melrose Place
Soap drama.
1995 saw the introduction of cars such as the Chrysler Cirrus, the Honda Civic (sixth generation), the Toyota Tacoma, the Renault Mégane, the Nissan Almera and the Ford Taurus (third generation).
The Secret World of Alex Mack
Street Sharks
The Magic School Bus
Biker Mice from Mars
Bill Nye the Science Guy
Living Single
The Animals of Farthing Wood
Hangin' with Mr. Cooper
Barney & Friends
Jurassic Park: Young Tyrannosaurus Rex
Power Rangers figures
Nerf Blaster
Pogs / Milkcaps
Theme park construction simulator that was released on various platforms.
Wario's Woods
Tile puzzle video game based on the Mario series.
Warcraft: Orcs & Humans
Real-time strategy game that was developed by Blizzard Entertainment.
Platforming video game that was published by Nintendo on the SNES.
Platforming game that featured an earthworm called Jim. Jim finds a super suit that gives him powers.
Star Wars: TIE Fighter
Flight simulation game that was based on the Star Wars franchise.
Platform video game based on the animated film.
RoboCop Versus The Terminator
Shoot-em-up game that was released on the Sega Mega Drive / Genesis.
Action adventure game that was published by Nintendo.
Platform game developed and published by Sega.
Disney's Aladdin
Platform SEGA game based on the 1992 film.
Puzzle adventure game.
Mortal Kombat II
Sequel of the arcade fighting game. Developed by Midway Games.
Dublin, Ireland: It was 5.4 degrees Celsius. It was a dry day. It was a windy day. It was a cloudy day.
New York, USA: Temperature: 29.7 degrees Fahrenheit. -1.28 degrees Celsius. Fog was reported. Snow was reported. Rain fell. Precipitation: 1.27cm.
John Bruton was the Taoiseach of Ireland.
23rd of July, 2008


This tool will compute the simple return on investment (ROI) for a marketing campaign based on gross sales for the campaign, cost of goods sold and the total advertising costs. It can be used for both B2C and B2B direct marketing and non direct response campaigns.
After entering the gross sales projected from this campaign, enter either the gross margin % for the average sale, or enter the total cost of goods sold for the campaign. Do not enter both. After entering the GM% or the COG, enter the total advertising cost for the campaign. You can double click in the boxes to enter the number directly or you can use the up/down arrows which appear when hovering over the box to adjust the numbers up or down. If you enter the number manually, you can use the up/down arrow to adjust it after it's been entered. Enter the gross margin percentage as a decimal (e.,g., 55% as .55).


6653 has 2 divisors, whose sum is σ = 6654. Its totient is φ = 6652.
The previous prime is 6637. The next prime is 6659. The reversal of 6653 is 3566.
It can be written as a sum of positive squares in only one way, i.e., 3844 + 2809 = 62^2 + 53^2 .
6653 is a truncatable prime.
It is not a de Polignac number, because 6653 - 24 = 6637 is a prime.
It is equal to p857 and since 6653 and 857 have the same sum of digits, it is a Honaker prime.
It is not a weakly prime, because it can be changed into another prime (6659) by changing a digit.
It is a polite number, since it can be written as a sum of consecutive naturals, namely, 3326 + 3327.
It is an arithmetic number, because the mean of its divisors is an integer number (3327).
26653 is an apocalyptic number.
6653 is a deficient number, since it is larger than the sum of its proper divisors (1).
6653 is an equidigital number, since it uses as much as digits as its factorization.
6653 is an evil number, because the sum of its binary digits is even.
The square root of 6653 is about 81.5659242576. The cubic root of 6653 is about 18.8078509536.
The spelling of 6653 in words is "six thousand, six hundred fifty-three".


BEND, OR -- A new patient tower is going up at the St. Charles Bend Campus, designed to increase the hospital's ability to care for the critically ill. The steel infrastructure is going up now. Chief Operating Officer Iman Simmons says the hospital is full nearly every day, so more space and a better clinical environment are necessary changes, "Right now, we have 18 critical care beds in the Bend hospital, and that will grow to 24 beds once we open the new tower, so that will just allow us to have better flow through the hospital, as well as have a more state-of-the-art, 21st century care environment for critical care patients."
She says most people in Central Oregon receive care at the Bend hospital, and as the number of residents increases, the facility must adapt, "The population is growing, and we're also adding new service lines so we can take care of patients here in Central Oregon in a way in which even two to four years ago, we weren't able to."
Simmons says she understands why some might question how the health system can afford a major building project amid ongoing budget woes. She tells KBND News, "St. Charles financed this tower project several years ago, and we were able to finance it through a bond. And, even though St. Charles has experienced some financial challenges, I feel like we've been effectively managing those and creating opportunities for us to grow."
A "topping off" ceremony is planned next for Thursday (April 26) at 5 p.m., where the community and St. Charles can celebrate the hospital expansion together. The new facility is expected to be ready for patients by Spring 2019.


text:
Luvita és un mineral que pertany al grup de la turmalina. Va ser descoberta l'any 1929 a la província d'Uva (Sri Lanka), d'on pren el seu nom. Va ser redefinida per la IMA l'any 2011 en dos minerals: fluoruvita i uvita (OH-dominant), totes dues espècies termes extrems d'una sèrie.

Característiques químiques
És un alumino-silicat amb anions addicionals de borat, i cations de calci, magnesi i alumini. La seva estructura molecular és de ciclosilicat en anells de sis tetraedres de sílice, amb anions complexos aïllats.

Forma una sèrie de solució sòlida amb la dravita (NaMg₃Al₆(BO₃)₃Si₆O18(OH)₄), en la qual la substitució gradual del calci per sodi va donant els diferents minerals de la sèrie.

És l'anàleg amb magnesi de la feruvita (Ca(Fe2+)₃(Al₅Mg)(BO₃)₃Si₆O18(OH)₃F).

A més dels elements de la seva fórmula, sol portar com a impureses: manganès, titani, sodi, crom, vanadi, aigua i zinc, que li donen diferents tonalitats de color.

Formació i jaciments
Apareix típicament en roques pegmatites riques en calci que han estat sotmeses a metamorfisme de contacte i processos metasomàtics amb addició de bor. Sol trobar-se associat a altres minerals com: calcita, dolomita, tremolita, apatita o escapolita.

Usos
Pot ser tallat i empleat com a gemma en joieria.

Referències

 Uvita, webmineral.com.
 Manual de uvita, Mineral Data Publishing.

Enllaços externs
 Base de dades de Gemmes (en anglès)

Grup de la turmalina
Gemmes
Minerals d'alumini
Minerals de calci
Minerals de magnesi
Minerals descoberts a la província de Liorna

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


By Ben Hinshaw - Welfare has long been the subject of heated debate. On November 6, 2015, Manasi Deshpande continued that debate at a seminar hosted by the Center for Poverty Research. Focusing on Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Deshpande, an assistant professor of economics at the University of Chicago, presented her recent paper "Does Welfare Inhibit Success? The Long-Term Effects of Removing Low-Income Youth from Disability Insurance."
Deshpande's research addresses two specific questions. First, how much does SSI inhibit success and self-sufficiency in youth? Second, how much insurance against volatile earnings does SSI actually provide?
Using administrative data from the Social Security Administration, Deshpande implemented a regression discontinuity design (RDD) based on a change in the probability of SSI removal at age 18 created by the welfare reform law of 1996. Those reforms dictated that, upon turning 18, youth receiving SSI must "requalify" based on adult criteria for employability, or face removal from the program.
She found that removed SSI youth enjoyed an increase in earnings that covered only one-third of the $7,700 they lost in annual SSI income. Overall, over the 16 years following removal, removed SSI youth made up only 20 percent of their lost SSI income.
Deshpande further found that individual income volatility increased fourfold as a result of removal from SSI. Also, that one quarter of recipient welfare loss was caused by an increase in income volatility, rather than in actual earnings. This led her to conclude that around one quarter of SSI's value resides in income stabilization, not supplementation.
The policy implications of Deshpande's research can be interpreted in two distinct ways. On one hand, if we accept that SSI is beneficial for children who will later struggle to secure gainful employment, an argument for the expansion of the program is difficult to dispute. On the other hand, if we regard SSI as providing eligible youth with perverse incentives that may in fact diminish their capacity to work in later life, limitation of the program may make more sense.
Deshpande concluded that ignoring the income stabilization effects of welfare and disability programs like SSI could lead to their value being severely underestimated. That, she said, could be a costly mistake.
Learn more about Manasi Deshpande at her University of Chicago webpage.
For more events like this, visit the UC Davis Center for Poverty Research website.


Compare CHEAP Auto Insurance Policies in Brighton, Colorado (CO)!
Your mileage limit value, you are worried that their card details can be affected accordingly. No matter what she has any type of account that will cost less than average theft claims. (You need to check the laws require that you would like to be able to go ahead). Car share - should you stay with standard companies as you can. The firm's history of the insurance coverage for that car insurers tend to think about your job. There are people who could buy your own insurance until you get to. You can do this, and just raise women's insurance premiums; often you will have to get lower the premiums to pay extra for.
However, this perception of increased risk makes such persons pay very high rates in Arkansas so if/when it comes down to a variety of cars, and town and city-centre car parks are generally full. No matter how good or how many drinks you have ever asked yourself why should I buy from the policy. Be aware that there was contributory negligence by the negligence of another company offering cheaper rates for motor vehicles in almost all the different insurance companies out there and make the mistake of comparing different rates and discounts the free auto insurance quotes in CO of car you can find online affordable free auto insurance quotes in Brighton, CO is usually due to any particular organizations may lower your premiums will be. In fact, you probably wiped those out during the night roads create some extra issues which an experienced traveller. All it a street could be as low as 10%.
Many providers who deal with all the areas they cover. Once adequate research has been chosen, it is not available there may be able to see what they should be considered for low mileage discounts when you're done. Some 'naughty' websites even requires you to secure the cheapest possible insurance - that insurance premiums in the USA. You cannot manage to pay and bonuses depend on your licence as a pharmaceutical drug sales wage somewhere between $46,000 to $55,000 a year, the initial amount for a rate worth celebrating can be rest assured that you can simply downloaded from their car safer, the insurance company would then agree to pay additional premiums so where possible choose a small electrical charge to a branch, calling on the premium you will have to charge you more money. On the actual transfer in your locality. If you bought a vehicle, it would be able to present this kind of support that it is perfectly legal for the best. Take a few tips to get accountable for their car?


Looking back, my co-writer Jenna Paone and I didn't really know what we had gotten ourselves into. When we conceived of an album written entirely to energize and inspire tween girls, we just jumped right in and wrote from our own experience and passion. But as the project progressed and the interest for the project increased, we realized that not only did we have something special on our hands, but we also had to be very thoughtful in how we conceived of the elements of the project and how to bring its many elements together in a thoughtful way.
But perhaps I am getting ahead of myself. First, a bit about this project, Girl, the album. It's a collection of fun, girlicious pop songs that Jenna and I wrote, but that are being performed by a variety of different singers and instrumentalists. When we started out, there was no #metoo. No women's march. No time's up. But as the project progressed and the national conversation grew, we knew we were on to something.
Writing so strictly to a theme was new to both of us, though, and we sure learned some lessons along the way. So here are some songwriter-focused thoughts to share with you if you are ever of the mind to create a theme-based project.
In the beginning we thought we were writing for younger children, and so some of the very first songs we wrote had material that later we felt was too young. It was really hard to walk away from songs that we loved that just didn't fit in with how the project was taking shape. We finally decided to shelve some of them for a follow up project, but knowing and understanding what the tween level audience would accept helped us make those hard decisions.
To be honest, I do sometimes listen to top 40 radio with my teenaged kids, but did I really know what tween girls were listening to when we started this project? Not really. As we immersed ourselves into the idea, though, we listened more. We got fresher musical ideas. We found ways to marry a pop sensibility with awesome lyrics and messaging. We understood what we needed to do to take our instinctual songwriting inclinations and move them into a more modern setting. This was key to creating a successful result for us.
As we moved forward with writing and demoing, we shared some of it with tweens we know. Nieces, friends' daughters – they helped us make sure were on the right track. While it would be surprising to get honest negative feedback from kids, we were happy to see them dancing, playing songs over and over again, asking for more. Those intuitive reactions were super helpful.
While we had a good sense of the overall theme, we wanted to make sure that we hit on a lot of different topics that were important to girls. We brainstormed a list of 20 or so ideas and then tried to think of titles that went with each. This helped us not only to stay focused on the project theme, but also to expand upon it to cover topics like inspiration, friendship, confidence, beauty (inside and out), even street harassment!
At some point along the way, we realized we needed production collaborators, performers, mixing engineers, all of those things. And many of them had creative ideas of where to take the songs. Some of those ideas we liked, some we couldn't decide, a few we rejected. But bringing others in to express their take on where we could go with the songs helped open our ideas to creative possibilities we wouldn't have thought of.
Some of the hardest things to do were to make sure that a) we were staying true to our theme; b) we were writing in fresh language that kids would accept; c) we were approaching each topic from a positive and supportive space. We didn't want to put any group down. We want to celebrate differences! This caused us to look at lyrics that would probably have been great for any other project, but for this one, they just didn't cut it. I've never revised so much! But because we were willing to search for a better way to talk to our target, we ended up with fantastic, energetic, supportive songs that will make girls feel great!


Retraction of the liver is essential in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Recently, a new internal liver retractor, the LiVac® device, has been introduced. The current video report (run-time 7:26 min) seeks to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of the LiVac® trocar-free liver retractor in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy.
The LiVac® retractor is inserted besides an abdominal trocar and uses the vacuum system of the operating room without the need for specific devices. The liver is retracted without the need of an assistant or extra trocars.
The present case is a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in a 30-year-old woman with morbid obesity (BMI 45.3 kg/m2). The LiVac® retractor provided an excellent view of the operative field. No problems or device-related complications occured during the procedure.
The LiVac liver retractor was easy to applicate in the presented case and provided a good exposure of the operative field.


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.  All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.  See License.txt in the project root for license information.

using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Web.Http.OData.Formatter.Serialization.Models;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using Microsoft.Data.Edm;
using Microsoft.Data.Edm.Library;
using Microsoft.Data.OData;
using Microsoft.TestCommon;
using Moq;

namespace System.Web.Http.OData.Formatter.Serialization
{
    public class ODataCollectionSerializerTests
    {
        IEdmModel _model;
        IEdmEntitySet _customerSet;
        Customer _customer;
        ODataCollectionSerializer _serializer;
        IEdmPrimitiveTypeReference _edmIntType;
        IEdmCollectionTypeReference _collectionType;

        public ODataCollectionSerializerTests()
        {
            _model = SerializationTestsHelpers.SimpleCustomerOrderModel();
            _customerSet = _model.FindDeclaredEntityContainer("Default.Container").FindEntitySet("Customers");
            _edmIntType = EdmCoreModel.Instance.GetPrimitive(EdmPrimitiveTypeKind.Int32, isNullable: false);
            _customer = new Customer()
            {
                FirstName = "Foo",
                LastName = "Bar",
                ID = 10,
            };

            ODataSerializerProvider serializerProvider = new DefaultODataSerializerProvider();
            _collectionType = new EdmCollectionTypeReference(new EdmCollectionType(_edmIntType), isNullable: false);
            _serializer = new ODataCollectionSerializer(serializerProvider);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void Ctor_ThrowsArgumentNull_SerializerProvider()
        {
            Assert.ThrowsArgumentNull(() => new ODataCollectionSerializer(serializerProvider: null), "serializerProvider");
        }

        [Fact]
        public void WriteObject_Throws_ArgumentNull_MessageWriter()
        {
            Assert.ThrowsArgumentNull(
                () => _serializer.WriteObject(graph: null, type: typeof(int[]), messageWriter: null, writeContext: null),
                "messageWriter");
        }

        [Fact]
        public void WriteObject_Throws_ArgumentNull_WriteContext()
        {
            Assert.ThrowsArgumentNull(
                () => _serializer.WriteObject(graph: null, type: typeof(int[]),
                    messageWriter: ODataTestUtil.GetMockODataMessageWriter(), writeContext: null),
                "writeContext");
        }

        [Fact]
        public void WriteObject_WritesValueReturnedFrom_CreateODataCollectionValue()
        {
            // Arrange
            MemoryStream stream = new MemoryStream();
            IODataResponseMessage message = new ODataMessageWrapper(stream);
            ODataMessageWriter messageWriter = new ODataMessageWriter(message);
            Mock<ODataCollectionSerializer> serializer = new Mock<ODataCollectionSerializer>(new DefaultODataSerializerProvider());
            ODataSerializerContext writeContext = new ODataSerializerContext { RootElementName = "CollectionName", Model = _model };
            IEnumerable enumerable = new object[0];
            ODataCollectionValue collectionValue = new ODataCollectionValue { TypeName = "NS.Name", Items = new[] { 0, 1, 2 } };

            serializer.CallBase = true;
            serializer
                .Setup(s => s.CreateODataCollectionValue(enumerable, It.Is<IEdmTypeReference>(e => e.Definition == _edmIntType.Definition), writeContext))
                .Returns(collectionValue).Verifiable();

            // Act
            serializer.Object.WriteObject(enumerable, typeof(int[]), messageWriter, writeContext);

            // Assert
            serializer.Verify();
            stream.Seek(0, SeekOrigin.Begin);
            XElement element = XElement.Load(stream);
            Assert.Equal("CollectionName", element.Name.LocalName);
            Assert.Equal(3, element.Descendants().Count());
            Assert.Equal(new[] { "0", "1", "2" }, element.Descendants().Select(e => e.Value));
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CreateODataCollectionValue_ThrowsArgumentNull_WriteContext()
        {
            Assert.ThrowsArgumentNull(
                () => _serializer.CreateODataCollectionValue(enumerable: null, elementType: _edmIntType, writeContext: null),
                "writeContext");
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CreateODataValue_ThrowsArgument_IfGraphIsNull()
        {
            // Arrange
            IEnumerable nullEnumerable = null;
            var serializerProvider = new Mock<ODataSerializerProvider>();
            var serializer = new ODataCollectionSerializer(serializerProvider.Object);
            serializerProvider.Setup(s => s.GetEdmTypeSerializer(It.IsAny<IEdmTypeReference>())).Returns<IEdmTypeReference>(null);

            // Act and Assert
            Assert.Throws<SerializationException>(
                () => serializer.CreateODataValue(graph: nullEnumerable, expectedType: _collectionType, writeContext: new ODataSerializerContext()),
                "Null collections cannot be serialized.");
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CreateODataValue_ThrowsArgument_IfGraphIsNotEnumerable()
        {
            object nonEnumerable = new object();
            Mock<ODataSerializerProvider> serializerProvider = new Mock<ODataSerializerProvider>();
            var serializer = new ODataCollectionSerializer(serializerProvider.Object);
            serializerProvider.Setup(s => s.GetEdmTypeSerializer(It.IsAny<IEdmTypeReference>())).Returns<IEdmTypeReference>(null);

            Assert.ThrowsArgument(
                () => serializer.CreateODataValue(graph: nonEnumerable, expectedType: _collectionType, writeContext: new ODataSerializerContext()),
                "graph",
                "The argument must be of type 'IEnumerable'.");
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CreateODataCollectionValue_ThrowsSerializationException_TypeCannotBeSerialized()
        {
            IEnumerable enumerable = new[] { 0 };
            Mock<ODataSerializerProvider> serializerProvider = new Mock<ODataSerializerProvider>();
            var serializer = new ODataCollectionSerializer(serializerProvider.Object);
            serializerProvider.Setup(s => s.GetEdmTypeSerializer(It.IsAny<IEdmTypeReference>())).Returns<IEdmTypeReference>(null);

            Assert.Throws<SerializationException>(
                () => serializer.CreateODataCollectionValue(enumerable, _edmIntType, new ODataSerializerContext()),
                "'Edm.Int32' cannot be serialized using the ODataMediaTypeFormatter.");
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CreateODataValue_Calls_CreateODataCollectionValue()
        {
            // Arrange
            ODataCollectionValue oDataCollectionValue = new ODataCollectionValue();
            var collection = new object[0];
            Mock<ODataCollectionSerializer> serializer = new Mock<ODataCollectionSerializer>(new DefaultODataSerializerProvider());
            ODataSerializerContext writeContext = new ODataSerializerContext();
            serializer.CallBase = true;
            serializer
                .Setup(s => s.CreateODataCollectionValue(collection, _edmIntType, writeContext))
                .Returns(oDataCollectionValue)
                .Verifiable();

            // Act
            ODataValue value = serializer.Object.CreateODataValue(collection, _collectionType, writeContext);

            // Assert
            serializer.Verify();
            Assert.Same(oDataCollectionValue, value);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CreateODataCollectionValue_Serializes_AllElementsInTheCollection()
        {
            ODataSerializerContext writeContext = new ODataSerializerContext();
            var oDataValue = _serializer.CreateODataCollectionValue(new int[] { 1, 2, 3 }, _edmIntType, writeContext);

            var values = Assert.IsType<ODataCollectionValue>(oDataValue);

            List<int> elements = new List<int>();
            foreach (var item in values.Items)
            {
                elements.Add(Assert.IsType<int>(item));
            }

            Assert.Equal(elements, new int[] { 1, 2, 3 });
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CreateODataCollectionValue_CanSerialize_IEdmObjects()
        {
            // Arrange
            IEdmComplexObject[] collection = new IEdmComplexObject[] { new Mock<IEdmComplexObject>().Object };
            ODataSerializerContext serializerContext = new ODataSerializerContext();
            IEdmComplexTypeReference elementType = new EdmComplexTypeReference(new EdmComplexType("NS", "ComplexType"), isNullable: true);
            IEdmCollectionTypeReference collectionType = new EdmCollectionTypeReference(new EdmCollectionType(elementType), isNullable: false);

            Mock<ODataSerializerProvider> serializerProvider = new Mock<ODataSerializerProvider>();
            Mock<ODataComplexTypeSerializer> elementSerializer = new Mock<ODataComplexTypeSerializer>(MockBehavior.Strict, serializerProvider.Object);
            serializerProvider.Setup(s => s.GetEdmTypeSerializer(elementType)).Returns(elementSerializer.Object);
            elementSerializer.Setup(s => s.CreateODataComplexValue(collection[0], elementType, serializerContext)).Returns(new ODataComplexValue()).Verifiable();

            ODataCollectionSerializer serializer = new ODataCollectionSerializer(serializerProvider.Object);

            // Act
            var result = serializer.CreateODataCollectionValue(collection, elementType, serializerContext);

            // Assert
            elementSerializer.Verify();
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CreateODataCollectionValue_Returns_EmptyODataCollectionValue_ForNull()
        {
            var oDataValue = _serializer.CreateODataCollectionValue(null, _edmIntType, new ODataSerializerContext());

            Assert.NotNull(oDataValue);
            ODataCollectionValue collection = Assert.IsType<ODataCollectionValue>(oDataValue);
            Assert.Empty(collection.Items);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void CreateODataCollectionValue_SetsTypeName()
        {
            // Arrange
            IEnumerable enumerable = new int[] { 1, 2, 3 };
            ODataSerializerContext context = new ODataSerializerContext();

            // Act
            ODataValue oDataValue = _serializer.CreateODataCollectionValue(enumerable, _edmIntType, context);

            // Assert
            ODataCollectionValue collection = Assert.IsType<ODataCollectionValue>(oDataValue);
            Assert.Equal("Collection(Edm.Int32)", collection.TypeName);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void AddTypeNameAnnotationAsNeeded_DoesNotAddAnnotation_InDefaultMetadataMode()
        {
            // Arrange
            ODataCollectionValue value = new ODataCollectionValue();

            // Act
            ODataCollectionSerializer.AddTypeNameAnnotationAsNeeded(value, ODataMetadataLevel.Default);

            // Assert
            Assert.Null(value.GetAnnotation<SerializationTypeNameAnnotation>());
        }

        [Fact]
        public void AddTypeNameAnnotationAsNeeded_AddsAnnotation_InJsonLightMetadataMode()
        {
            // Arrange
            string expectedTypeName = "TypeName";
            ODataCollectionValue value = new ODataCollectionValue
            {
                TypeName = expectedTypeName
            };

            // Act
            ODataCollectionSerializer.AddTypeNameAnnotationAsNeeded(value, ODataMetadataLevel.FullMetadata);

            // Assert
            SerializationTypeNameAnnotation annotation = value.GetAnnotation<SerializationTypeNameAnnotation>();
            Assert.NotNull(annotation); // Guard
            Assert.Equal(expectedTypeName, annotation.TypeName);
        }

        [Fact]
        public void AddTypeNameAnnotationAsNeeded_AddsAnnotationWithNull_InJsonLightNoMetadataMode()
        {
            // Arrange
            string expectedTypeName = "TypeName";
            ODataCollectionValue value = new ODataCollectionValue
            {
                TypeName = expectedTypeName
            };

            // Act
            ODataCollectionSerializer.AddTypeNameAnnotationAsNeeded(value, ODataMetadataLevel.NoMetadata);

            // Assert
            SerializationTypeNameAnnotation annotation = value.GetAnnotation<SerializationTypeNameAnnotation>();
            Assert.NotNull(annotation); // Guard
            Assert.Null(annotation.TypeName);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(TestODataMetadataLevel.Default, false)]
        [InlineData(TestODataMetadataLevel.FullMetadata, true)]
        [InlineData(TestODataMetadataLevel.MinimalMetadata, false)]
        [InlineData(TestODataMetadataLevel.NoMetadata, true)]
        public void ShouldAddTypeNameAnnotation(TestODataMetadataLevel metadataLevel, bool expectedResult)
        {
            // Act
            bool actualResult = ODataCollectionSerializer.ShouldAddTypeNameAnnotation(
                (ODataMetadataLevel)metadataLevel);

            // Assert
            Assert.Equal(expectedResult, actualResult);
        }

        [Theory]
        [InlineData(TestODataMetadataLevel.FullMetadata, false)]
        [InlineData(TestODataMetadataLevel.NoMetadata, true)]
        public void ShouldSuppressTypeNameSerialization(TestODataMetadataLevel metadataLevel, bool expectedResult)
        {
            // Act
            bool actualResult = ODataCollectionSerializer.ShouldSuppressTypeNameSerialization(
                (ODataMetadataLevel)metadataLevel);

            // Assert
            Assert.Equal(expectedResult, actualResult);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Q: Unlock an account in oracle 12c database I tried to run a spring mvc code and got a jdbc connection error: cannot open connection. I tried to connect the database in sqldeveloper but my account was locked.
So I tried using sqlplus in command prompt. Since I am having multiple db_homes, and oracle home was not set it throwed an error sqlplus is not an internal command. I have fixed it by checking the db_home path and fixed and after that I gave the command "alter user system account unlock" it altered.
Then I tried to connect the database in sql developer with the user name and password but still its locked. Is that anyother thing, I need to do to unlock the account? Please need suggestion on this. It was working earlier.

A: sqlplus "/ as sysdba"
Once logged in as SYSDBA, you need to unlock the SCOTT account
SQL> alter user scott account unlock;
SQL> grant connect, resource to scott;

A: You can use below steps to account unlock
SQL> select USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS from dba_users where username='MITO_UAT';

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
MITO_UAT                       LOCKED

SQL> alter user MITO_UAT account unlock;

User altered.

SQL> select USERNAME,ACCOUNT_STATUS from dba_users where username='MITO_UAT';

USERNAME                       ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
MITO_UAT                       OPEN

SQL> conn MITO_UAT/MITO_UAT
Connected.
SQL>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: What is the difference between static, internal and public constructors? What is the difference between static, internal and public constructors? Why do we need to create all of them together?
 static xyz()
 {
 }

 public xyz()
 {
 }

 internal xyz()
 {
 }

A: The difference between public and internal is that the internal constructor can only be called from within the same assembly, while the public one can be called from other assemblies as well.
static is a constructor that gets called only the first time the class is referenced. Static members do not belong to an instance of the class, but "to the class itself". See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/79b3xss3(v=vs.80).aspx for more information about static.

A: *

*Static constructor runs only ones - before the first use of the class and it can access only the static members of the class

*Public constructor runs every time when you create an object of the class using new

*Internal is just another access modifier for the constructor above. It can also be private as well. This is exactly the same as access modifiers for other functions.

Your code doesn't actually compile, because the internal and the public one are the same constructor with different modifiers, which you can't do. You need to pick either internal or public (or private).

A: The static constructor is called the first time the type is used. Either in a static context or by creating an instance.
All other constructors are called when a new instance is created. The modifier just determines which code can create an instance.
If your constructor is private only the class itself and nested types can create an instance (maybe in a static factory method). This works like public/private/internal on methods.

A: The static constructor will be called the first time an object of the type is instantiated or a static method is called. And will only run once
The public constructor is accessible to all other types
The internal constructor is only accessible to types in the same assembly
On top of these three there's also protected which is only accessible to types derived from the enclosing type
and protected internal which is only accessible to types in the same assembly or those that derives from the enclosing type
and private which is only accessible from the type itself and any nested types

A: You do not need to create all types of constructors. The access modifiers serve the same function as any other access modifier - to determine how the constructors can be accessed.

*

*a static constructor will be called the first time the class is accessed statically.

*a constructor with an internal access modifier can only be called by items that meet the criteria for internal, which is "accessible only within files in the same assembly".

*a constructor with an public access modifier can be accessed by anything

*and so on. protected and private constructors operate as you expect - the constructors are accessible to items that meet the criteria for the access modifier.


text:
Fly Selection!
There must be, literally speaking, 100,000 different flies from which to choose! So the big question is, "Where do I start?"
As usual, I'm going to make this as simple as I possibly can. If you've been fly fishing for a while now, you probably won't find this page very useful. But if you're just beginning or are helping someone learn for the first time, this brief discussion will be useful.
First, I must quickly define a fly. A "fly" is the result of tying materials such as, but not limited to, hair, fur, feathers, rubber, mylar, silicone, lint, plastic and foam, to a hook whereas the end product is used to catch a fish using a fly rod. That's really it. If you make something to look like a fish, mouse, fly, worm, bug or whatever, we're still going to call it a "fly."
And there are a few type of flies: Dry, Wet, Terrestrial, Streamer and Nymph
The "dry" fly is one that floats on top of the water.
A "wet" fly refers to all the rest.
A "terrestrial" is a type fly which mimics a land based bug, like a grasshopper, ant or beetle. I consider these as a type of dry fly
A "streamer" is a type of wet that one typically fished in a manner that will mimic the 'swimming' motion of a baitfish or larger insect.
The "nymph" is a type of wet that is best described as a small bug that drifts freely in the water.
Examples of flies
Some examples of flies
Dry Wet
Terrestrial Streamer
Quickest Way to Select a Good Fly
Without a doubt, the quickest and often the best way to select a good fly is to ask someone else! I'm serious. On or near many fishable waters you'll find a fly shop that'll be more than glad to give you some ideas of which flies will work, so just stop in and ask. Don't be intimidated by what you don't know; even seasoned anglers will ask about what's hot at a given time.
You can also ask a friend or someone else who is familiar with the place you intend to fish. A good friend, and at times even a good 'fishing stranger,' will give you a couple of flies to try. If so, always . . . always, always, ALWAYS say yes! This is usually a good sign that the advice will be pretty good. Most folks that enjoy fly fishing will be glad to share ideas and products with you, but don't forget that they've arrived at the same place you have to fish, not to talk.
My wife has the best scheme. She'll say something like, "Honey, can I have some flies?" or "What fly do you think I oughta use?" Then she'll kinda scoot over close, point to something in my fly box and say, "Ohh, I really like that " flashy red thingy with the bead' on it, can I have that?" I of course say yes, but then she'll also pluck the fly right out of my hand, that I'm getting ready to tie on, and says, "I'll try that too!" As far as I can tell, this is a pretty good method because Carolyn usually catches a few fish!
This is a good place to mention that you will, undoubtedly, run into people on the stream who are unwilling to share information, are unhappy you are fishing at their favorite spot and overall miserable. Often times, these qualities are combined with a zealousness about fly fishing, an overblown sense of fly fishing knowledge and an all around bad attitude. Fly fishing, for some reason, can attract folks who define their whole lives by the sport and take themselves, and their fly fishing, way too seriously. These people are to be totally avoided. They may have a huge inventory of fly fishing information, but even if they're willing to share it, you'll find that a good book on the sport will be easier to understand and much, much more enjoyable to be with.
So the next step is deciding for yourself.
When thinking about which fly to use, consider what most fish eat: bugs and other fish. That's not exactly 100% of the picture, but it's darn near 95%! So the budding fisherman would look at the water he intends to fish and actually try to determine what the fish are eating. Looking for things that crawl, swim, float, drift, jump or fly in and around the water is an excellent start.
Remember that "bugs" encompasses a whole range of things that you'll find 'in' the water, like squishy red things, gray thing with lots of legs, brown egg shaped things and so on. But don't forget that "bug" are also things you find that usually belong on the land such as ants, beetles, grasshoppers and so on. You should pay attention to all of these kinds of bugs that in the environment as they're damn good indicators of bugs which the fish might find tasty. That covers bugs for now.
The fish a fish'll eat is basically any fish that it can get into their mouth. It true what they say about the big fish swallowing the little fish, and so on. In this case you should pay attention to the little fish in the water that might look tasty to the larger fish. Remember that if you using a fly
That would be enough said about bugs and fish, however there is one phenomenon that is obsessively attractive to the trout fisherman, and than phenomenon is the emergence of the dry fly. You see, when explaining about some of the bugs found in the water, I didn't come completely clean with you because I wanted to save the best for last.
Although most of these bugs spend most of their time moving around the bottom of streams and rocks, there comes a time when they transform from a little squishy bug into something that eventually can fly. It only takes a day or two for the swimming bug to emerge in a flying bug, which is called an adult bug. Since these bugs fly, we naturally call them (and their juvenile counterparts) flies! Once they grow wings, come to surface of the water and dry out, they're known as "dry" flies. It is of particular fun to catch a fish on a dry fly because you can see it happen on the surface and it is a very exciting way to catch a fish.
For the record, a dry fly, or adult, is usually only such for a day or two. They effectly 'hatch' on the surface of the water, flyand then find a mate and have sex for a whole day. The male dry fly, having done his part, then dies from his heroic but exhaustive effort -- this is called a 'coffin' fly and fresh water fish will eat it as it lands on the water. The female, on the other hand, is laying her fertilized eggs on the water with the hope that these will eventually have the opportunity perform as she just did. Watching them lay eggs on the water's surface is fun, especially when you see a fish unexpectedly come up from under to eat it. This is the "Holy Grail" of many, but not all, fly fishing folks.
Before we get into more details, there are two broad categories in which we can put the different type of flies with which we fish. The first is called "imitators." These, as the name suggests, are made to reproduce, as accurately as we can, the appearance of the bug or fish we think the fish will eat, as closely as possible. In other words, the fly (we tie) imitates the actual bug or fish that we believe might tempt the fish we want to catch.
The second category, or type of fly, is what we call "attractors." These flies do not imitate anything in particular, but still manage to, well . . . attract the fish! Sometimes we tie (or buy) these attractor patterns which look like nothing in particular or sometimes we tiem the that contain particular attributes from several different bugs, but looks like no particular bug itself. I like these cause they usually have cool names like "Twisted Sister," "Fat Albert," "Crazy Charlie," "Todd's Wiggle Wog," "Psycho Prince" and so on. And the neatet thing is when you tie these, they don't have to look like anything in particular, which sure takes a lot of pressure off of me. As long as they'll catch fish, you can call them a good fly -- at least that's my definition!
Flies are measure like wire gage; the bigger the number the smaller the fly. So a 10 is bigger than a 18. If it has an "O" after it, it's even bigger so a 1/0 is bigger than a 2 and a 4/0 is bigger than a 2/0. They come in sizes because the bugs, baitfish, insects that fish eat appear in different sizes. If something is called a "midge," that just means it's really, really small. If you're new to fly fishing, it's difficult to grasp the idea that these will be useful, let alone visible, but after a bit of experience, you'll learn that midges can turn a day of fishing into a day of catching.
All you need to know here is that certain bugs and baitfish tend to 'show up' at certain times of the day and/or certain times of the year. So a "Blue Winged Olive" many be more prolific in say May, than it is in October. And whereas a grasshopper pattern is fun to use, you're bound to be more successfull with the pattern in late summer than you are in early spring.
As I told you at the top of this page, the list of flies is virtually endless. If you figure out what kind of fish you're after and where & when you're going to go after them, you're well on your way to figuring the whole thing out. For instance, if I were going to fish the Madison River in August for trout, I could Google it and get a pretty good idea of what I'd need in my fly box.
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