From left to right – Top row: 2-ply, singles. Bottom row: 4-ply, 3-ply.
Initially when I started thinking about my yarn, I thought "I will make a worsted weight 2-ply yarn." However when I started to think deeper about my "default yarn," I realized it wasn't the weight or ply of the yarn, but the mechanics of how I spin that makes it my default yarn.
Fleece ready to be washed.
I tend to let the fiber speak for itself. Because I still call myself a novice spinner and because I love all yarns, I enjoy spinning many different kinds of fiber. However, alpaca is my all time favorite. With Spinzilla coming up in October, I am brushing up my spinning skills and thinking of what I want to spin for that week. Creating goals for myself helps me follow through and actually accomplish something. I do know: Whatever I am going to do, it is going to be big.
I dug out my alpaca fleece I'd purchased earlier this year and started processing it. At a few pounds, its surely enough for a big project. After a little picking, washing, drying, carding, and more picking, I finally had 3 small batts ready to test spin. I spun these on my 30″ Schacht Reeves not thinking of much except for fine and consistency. There are lumps and bumps, nubs and slubs, but I left them all. I enjoy the rustic and casual experience of handspun yarn.
Since I won't be dyeing this this yarn and I will probably knit it into a sweater with it, I decided I should play with plying techniques to create an interesting texture in the finished piece. I spun some singles, a 2-ply, a 3-ply, and a 4-ply. All of these yarns have a unique personality which will give the finished knit piece a different physical and visual texture.
For the singles I attempted to spin a roughly worsted weight size yarn. However since I have started to spin fine, all of these yarns fall into the DK weight category according to this guide. Since alpaca is a fine fiber, I spun the singles with a little extra twist to avoid drift.
For plying, I turned to my Sidekick, which I keep set up with my Bulky Plyer Flyer. This way I can ply easily and not change bobbins so often.
Making a sample "stick" helps to see all of the yarns in one place.
For the 2-ply, 3-ply, and 4-ply yarns, I spun very fine singles and used them for each of the sample yarns. This gave me different sizes of yarn, though surprisingly, they yielded similar wpi (see above) . That is, until I knit the swatches.
A few things changed as I increased the number of plies. The first and most apparent was the texture and physical weight of the swatch which more dense as I added more plies. The second observation was a halo effect. The swatches knit from singles was far less controlled with a fuzzy, soft texture in the fabric. The 4-ply had a much more controlled look to it, with less of a halo and a very clear stitch definition.
Something to keep in mind is that the singles (being naturally unbalanced) had a clear bias towards the right.
For my finished project I think I'll use the 3-ply yarn as it had just the right density, control and halo for a warm and comfortable sweater with a nice drape.
This experiment taught me that you can achieve varying textures just by changing the number of plies. Also, as always, swatching is critical step not to be forgotten.
I now know exactly what I'm spinning for Spinzilla, do you? Tell us in the comments what your plans and goals are for October 6th-12th. We'd love to hear all about them!


When I went to Frontier Animal Society in Orleans on June 21 with an inkling of an idea about another cat for the family, I saw Oscar in this huge cage. He was all alone. He talked and flirted with anyone who went by and played with a pretty girl that was about his age who had the privilege of walking freely about the shelter. This is our first image of Oscar.
The little girl Oscar was playing with through his bars.
June 26: Oscar plays with the bathroom faucet.
June 26: Oscar stole some bites of doughnut on the kitchen counter.
There will be more regular updates on Oscar now that I have, once again, begun to catch up on my photo editing. He's doing beautifully and having a grand time with Buddy.
Oh! How cute is he. When I was a little girl I had a black cat with white. My old cat friend was a stray too. Been a long time, but your pictures bring up fond memories.
Osacr has got it made!
I think Oscar is so adorable. His little white gloves are fabulous!


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This book is an expanded and revised edition of the author's critically acclaimed volume Nuts and Bolts for the Social Sciences. In twenty-six succinct chapters, Jon Elster provides an account of the nature of explanation in the social sciences. He offers an overview of key explanatory mechanisms in the social sciences, relying on hundreds of examples and drawing on a large variety of sources-psychology, behavioral economics, biology, political science, historical writings, philosophy and fiction. Written in accessible and jargon-free language, Elster aims at accuracy and clarity while eschewing formal models.
interaction ranging from strategic behavior to collective decision making.
Closing the Books: Transitional Justice in Historical Perspective and Retribution and Restitution in the Transition to Democracy.
Conclusion: Is Social Science Possible?
Chapter 9 and Chapter 24 remain substantially the same.
constrain the construction of theories with explanatory pretensions.
would justify a pun on my name (Elster in German means magpie).
about the ideas – largely originating with him – presented in Chapter 10.
ideas – many of them raised by him – presented in Part I of the book.
Bernard Manin, Pasquale Pasquino, Adam Przeworski, and John Roemer.
I thank them all for their friendly and constructive objections.
The examples and the explanations must be taken with two caveats.
times in a row, red is more likely than black to come up next?
rational-choice theory, it has no polemical purpose, only that of inciting the reader's curiosity.
times in a row, black is more likely than red to come up next?
to arrive as late as possible?
others, that they are envious?
others, that they are ignorant?
achieve salvation through good works?
 Why is it (sometimes) true that ''Who has offended, cannot forgive''?
 Why is shame more important than guilt in some cultures?
 Why do women often feel shame after being raped?
than lesser loyalty to the group into which one is initiated?
frequency of the behavior they target?
it makes little sense to follow them?
''An eye for an eye''?
sold in blister packs rather than bottles?
Kitty Genovese was beaten to death?
likely to get were they to litigate?
 Why are poor people less likely to emigrate?
interest and do not allow for withdrawal before Christmas?
airplane, that have negative expected value?
severely than those who are tried later?
stepchildren than to kill their biological children?
Communist and thereby prevent their party from winning?
language that of their former imperialist oppressor?
sellers no worse off with a more spread-out location?
virtually certain to have no effect on the outcome?
societies usually slimmer than the average person?
being prone to irrational behavior?
when visiting a foreign city to which they do not expect to return?
anticipate any interruption of production?
understood an obscure text better than he has?
 Why are votes in many political assemblies taken by roll call?
various places in the book and briefly summarized in the Conclusion.
book is to inculcate skepticism toward two common lines of reasoning.
rational-choice theory has less explanatory power than I used to think.
mathematical appendixes in leading journals? I do not think so.
many irrationality-generating mechanisms that I survey in this book.
through 17 and in the Conclusion, they return to the center of the stage.
chapters. Many intentional explanations, however, rest on the assumption that agents are, in one way or another, irrational. In itself, irrationality is just a negative or residual idea, everything that is not rational.
that can generate irrational behavior.
definitely not one of them.
intuitions about plausible causal mechanisms.
explains – another event, namely, ball B's beginning to move.
social sciences may not recognize this pattern, or not see it as privileged.
The voter turnout example discussed later provides another illustration.
women explains per capita income in the developing world.
European countries, it is a high number.
can account for.4 Complete success would explain all observed variation.
drastically when life imprisonment without parole is stated as the alternative.
this case that hypothesis is implausible.
out on voting day. Why do they bother?
one, which cries out for an explanation.
in a second-best explanatory practice.
telephoned the police during the assault; one witness called after the woman was dead.
will emerge as a by-product.
explanation we are likely to get of why some did not even think about it.
effect, this idea might seem to be incompatible with causal explanation.
level, though, all explanation is causal.
a specific feedback mechanism, we should treat it as if it were invalid.
surprising or counterintuitive fact, or simply an unexplained correlation.
these among the unemployed; for other purposes, not.
holds out the greatest promise of a successful explanation.
that the explanandum follows logically from the hypothesis.
testable implications that are in fact not observed.
testable implications, preferably of ''novel facts,'' that are in fact observed.
method. In a given case, they might take the form shown in Figure 1.2.
to themselves that they had a good time, they applaud wildly.
donate 50 percent of their fee to Red Cross.
from below, from above, and laterally.
The human mind seems to have a tendency to turn this minimal requirement into a sufficient one.
more plausible than others to the conclusion that it is more likely than not to be correct.
tickets to a show are sold to firms and given by them to their employees.
that the show was in fact quite good.
who would otherwise be blocked from view by those standing in front of them.
operationalized in many different ways.
must be an unconscious one.
reviewed and how long they play before folding.
winners confer honor on the prize whereas others derive honor from it.
received support from earlier explanations.
seven other types of statement.
poisoning, but that he was also allergic to the food in question, lobster.
had taken an oath to kill the next lobster eater he observed.
divorce. A third possibility is canvassed later.
marriages to whom Tocqueville addressed his argument had in mind.
Here the ''third factor'' is a character trait, stubbornness, rather than an event.
Teacher: I'm not surprised. Johnny could break any home.
are unlikely to keep their parents informed about what they are doing.
study of simultaneous discoveries in science provides an example.
of another fired a few seconds later.
confused with that of explanation.
that characterizes good science should lead us to question this view.
have a strong flavor of just-so stories.
the mathematical appendixes of the articles in which the model is set out).
one-shot interactions and getting angry may cause others to refrain from interacting with them.
whether the assumption is true is to miss the point.
scholars prefer ''actor.'' Perhaps economists think in terms of agents, sociologists in terms of actors.
''actor,'' by contrast, suggests an audience that may or may not be present.
disagreements among ''schools.'' We never observe the kind of manydecimal-points precision that would put controversy to rest.
than as open to reason and argument.
the anger triggered by not being cited.
Finally, causal explanations must be distinguished from predictions.
sciences this is the exception rather than the rule.
connection; nor can I imagine a noncontrived one.
material and its persistence by its favorable impact on reproductive fitness.
does not allow us to say that the adaptations were inevitable.
Conversely, we may have predictive power without explanatory power.
up, there is no need to form a hypothesis to explain their behavior.
understanding, whereas prediction offers at most control.
a car accident or if he takes his life because the illness is too painful.
Argumentation (Berlin: Gruyter, 1988) (English translation in preparation).
Cambridge Companion to Tocqueville (Cambridge University Press, 2006).
economic theory,'' Journal of Political Economy 70 (1962), 1–13.
more radical and open to dispute.
we can always do this), this does not always amount to an explanation.
was preempted by a suicide or a car accident.
probably have chosen a different terminology, but it is too late now.
toward an external enemy, to prevent revolutionary movements at home?
As noted later, the second explanation was at one point seriously proposed.
they failed and use the ballot box to cut them down to size.
easier it is to make sure that we are not dealing with mere correlation.
explanations relying on the law of gravitation before general relativity.
concocting the examples, but I believe there are deeper reasons too.
that will be realized within the nonexcluded range.
too undeveloped to do the job.
teetotaler or an alcoholic we may suspect we know why.
the other mechanism, we have provided an explanation of the behavior.
explain why the child was subject to conformism.
As we shall see in Chapter 10, however, proverbs are not always wise.
Similar mechanisms can apply to relations among individuals.
stay on the sidelines while others are paying the cost (Chapter 24).
believes that nobody else is adding salt to the soup.
engrave it on the mind and raise its status from remotely possible to plausible or even probable.
Even when we know the net effect, we may not be able to explain it.
identify the strength of the pure endowment effect.
common cause (e.g., the tyrant's oppression).
spend the day, even the one they prefer, because they do not want to feel imposed upon.
and the other half anticonformist, leaving a net effect of zero.
mechanisms at the same level. One might well ask how far these psychological mechanisms will take us in explaining social phenomena.


text:
Michel Félix Dunal (24 October 1789 in Montpellier – 29 July 1856 in Montpellier) was a French botanist. He was a professor of botany in Montpellier, France.

He held the chair of natural history at the University of Montpellier from 1816 until his death in 1856. The Solanaceous plant genus Dunalia is named after him.

He is especially known for his work with the genus Solanum, and published an important work on the genus; Solanorum generumque affinium Synopsis seu Solanorum Historiae, editionis secundae summarium ad characteres differentiales redactum, seriem naturalem, habitationes stationesque specierum breviter indicans, Montpellier, 1816.

For the work Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis by Augustin de Candolle and his son, Alphonse Pyrame de Candolle, he contributed to Volume I of 1824 "Cistineae" (modern Cistaceae), to Volume VII, No. 2 of 1839 "Vaccinieae", and to Volume XIII No. 1 of 1852 "Solanaceae". Its publication in 1852 was the last taxonomic treatment of the genus Solanum in its entirety. This also includes a first attempt to divide the species of Solanum into sections. Starting points were morphological features such as the shape of the anthers and the presence or absence of spines.

Honours
The genus name of Dunalia (5 species of plant found in South America) is in honour of Dunal, the genus was published in F.W.H.von Humboldt, A.J.A.Bonpland & C.S.Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. Vol.3 on page 55 in 1818.

Complete Bibliography
 on WorldCat

References

1789 births
1856 deaths
French phycologists
Pteridologists
Academic staff of the University of Montpellier
Botanists with author abbreviations
19th-century French botanists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Alexa Vega's Film "2Br/1Ba" Picked Up for Distribution
Lionsgate and Grindstone Entertainment just picked up Alexa Vega's film 2Br/1Ba for distribution. The indie thriller follows feuding roommates, Janie (Vega) and Dee (Spencer Grammer), as they engage in a 24-hour-long battle over typical roommate dilemmas: money, space, and morals. However, things take a more aggressive turn than the typical roommate spat.
According to Indiewire, 2Br/1Ba synopsis reads, "Janie is a troubled young woman who is balancing a move to a new city, no friends, and finding the funds to cover tuition after acceptance into an ivy league graduate program. She finds an affordable room for rent from a wealthy and lonely socialite, Dee. While living together, Dee discovers Janie has been hurting financially and is willing to do just about anything to get the funds she needs to pay her tuition, including selling her eggs for a quick wad of cash. Dee turns up the manipulation and catty tactics to an ultimate battle of "brains vs. beauty" with flying kitchen appliances, flying ice skates and unleashed pet snakes. The slow simmer of hatred between the girls comes to a full on boil in a fun, dark, and at times comedic series of barbaric acts."
@napoleonperdis loving your stuff on set! @spencergrammer pic.twitter.com/qNbeDJiQ
— 2 BR/1 BA Movie (@2BR1BA) September 29, 2012
Many movie buffs, including the site Bloody-Disgusting, have compared 2Br/1Ba to the Japanese film 2LDK (slang for two living rooms, dining room, and a kitchen). The IMDB synopsis for that film reads, "Nozomi and Lana share an apartment in Tokyo. They have both auditioned for the same role in a movie, and know that the shortlist has been cut down to just the two of them. As they wait the night before finding out who will get the role, their personality clashes erupt into an all-out battle."
The trailers for both films show their clear similarities, but whether 2Br/1Ba is inspired by 2LDK, or a remake of it, is unknown.
Earlier this year, Vega married Big Time Rush member Carlos Pena, and besides promoting her various TV and film projects, she's been showing off their love with vacation pictures on various social media platforms.
2Br/1Ba also stars Kathryn Morris and Richard Riehle.
Image via Alexa Vega, Instagram
Tags 2br/1ba 2LDK alexa vega film distribution Lionsgate Spencer Grammer
Atlético Madrid: Fairy Tale Ends With "La Decima"
Miley Cyrus Gets Restraining Order Against Stalker

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I'm into building websites and writing detailed reviews about site builders. When I'm not at my computer, you can find me spending time with my family or training for marathons or for triathlons.
Wix Domains: Want to Save Some Money?
You don't need to purchase a domain when you build a website. But it is highly recommended that you do so if you want to give a professional image of yourself.
In this article, I talk about Wix domains and how to register a domain name through Wix. I also introduce another way to register domains, although this route is a bit more technical. Yet, you can save money by taking advantage of it.
Squarespace Review: John Malkovich Is Using It – But Should You?
Squarespace is big. Not only is it serving millions of customers, but it's also a workplace for over 850 professionals.
But is this website builder the right choice for you? Find out in my Squarespace review.
In this Weebly review, I go through its main features and my experiences on using the platform.
This article discusses Weebly pricing and how much it costs to run a website on this platform. I also cover the various plans and their core features.
Clearly, with a client base this big, they have done something right in their marketing and in their pricing, too.


text:
Turmoil Caused by French & Greek Elections
Investors have seen a further downturn in the stock market rollercoaster ride running up to and over the weekend, as political upheaval in France and Greece cast fresh doubt over the future of the Eurozone.
The Euro sank to a 3-and-a-half year low against the pound and a three-month low against the US dollar before clawing back lost ground.
There was also turmoil on European stock markets. Shares in Greece tumbled nearly 7%, with banks leading the way, in the wake of the weekend's elections.
It has been a busy weekend in politics :-
the Greek conservative Antonis Samaras now having three days to form a coalition government. He is , faced with EU warnings to keep to the tough terms of the international bailouts but there are renewed fears Athens may default on its debts and leave the Eurozone.
Mr Hollande campaigned on a platform of renegotiating the terms of the EU fiscal pact to concentrate more on reviving economic prosperity than simply reducing budget deficits.
There are serious concerns that Europe is facing a fresh economic crisis after France elected Francois Hollande and the Socialist Party, a result that is being held as a rejection of austerity measures imposed amid the Eurozone Crisis. It is expected that he will in effect, tear-up last December's controversial deal to save the euro from oblivion. It is expected, he will seek talks with the ECB (European Central Bank) and German Chancellor Angela Merkel to demand further borrowing to boost growth.
The menace to the single currency was compounded when voters in near-bankrupt Greece also rejected plans to impose tough financial discipline.
City analysts said that while stock markets had expected a Hollande win, the results in Paris and Athens could tip the strained Eurozone back into turmoil. This could be good-bye to austerity measures and hello to the threat of financial chaos. The outcome to the French election has grabbed all the major headlines. However Greece's inconclusive and dangerous election result may be even more significant. Greece is close to collapse.
The Results :-
Mr Hollande defeated Mr Sarkozy by 52% to 48% in only the second time a sitting French President has failed to win a second term
Greece's conservative New Democracy and socialist PASOK parties risked falling short of the 151-seat majority needed to form a coalition government;
Financial experts warned that the Euro could collapse within months;
British officials admitted that David Cameron made a serious error by ostentatiously backing Mr Sarkozy's re-election bid.
The new French President has pledged to spend an extra 20 Billion Euros in the years ahead to kickstart the economy and wants to slap a 75% tax rate on those earning more than one million euros a year, or around £850,000.
He says he 'dislikes the rich' and has singled out 'the world of finance' as his principal enemy. Some analysts have suggested that this could be the first steps to the start of the break-up of the Euro. It is predicted that the ECB might have to lend more money to banks if there is another stock market 'wobble' in response to Francois Hollande's triumph.
In addition to this, some analysts are reporting that France's affairs paled beside the impact of the Greek election and persistent fears that Spain will be the next European domino to fall. Greece is close to collapse and Spain is deep in a financial quagmire. There are growing concerns that if matters are not brought under more structured control in the next 18 months, we may very well see a split (or several) in the Eurozone.
My Analysis
The election results have set the backdrop for an extended period of volatility and I expect investors to take time to come to terms with a socialist government in France and renewed uncertainty in Greece. In addition, the borrowing costs in Germany have hit a record low of just over 1.5% (possibly a new 'flight to safety'), while gilt yields in the UK were 2%. This compares with nearly 23% in Greece, 5.77% in Spain, 5.46% in Italy and 2.8% in France.
While I think that the outcome of the French election was widely anticipated, as with every event in life, until it happens, it is a shock. This as a global event needs to be coupled with the fiscal and political situation in Greece – it is highly uncertain and the Eurozone's weakest link just got weaker. A Greek eurozone exit is now firmly on the cards.
I am expecting the situation in Greece, with the problems in Europe, in addition especially in Spain and others should put markets in risk-off mode. This is before further data arrives from the global issues in developing economies (especially China), US, Middle East and Africa.
My contact details are :- tel 029 2020 1241, email welshmoneywiz@virginmedia.com, twitter welshomoneywiz, linkedin Darren Nathan
Tags: austerity measures, european stock markets, Financial Planning, Investment Planning, Investment Trusts, Investments, ISAs, Mutual Funds, Pensions, politics, portfolio investors, Retirement Planning, Wealth Management and Tax Planning
← Economic Surprise Or Reality?
UK's Final Salary Pension Schemes Further In The Red →


I have not yet had the opportunity to thoroughly review the new regulations and compare them to the initial proposal, but it does appear that some significant improvements were made. I submitted comments on the the proposed regulations regarding what I perceived as the most significant flaws in the proposal. Very notably, the final regulations appear to have preserved the option for biological parents to retain anonymity in voluntary adoption situations. This option would have been obliterated by the regulations initially proposed. The final version of the regulations, while not perfect, also appear to reflect a number of other improvements from what was initially proposed.


Geopolitics is the study of the effects of geography on politics and international relations. Here at the Champions Speakers agency, we are delighted to offer you the world's leading geopolitical speakers to hire for your event that will be able to provide your event or function with all of the knowledge and expertise you need.
Discussing the political, economic, and social factors affecting businesses around the world and detailing the implications to investment and risk, Champions' range of geopolitical speakers will allow your company to not only get a head start but also stand out from the crowd following the event.
In a day and age where the global economy and marketplace are becoming increasingly competitive and unpredictable, the knowledge our Geopolitical Speakers can provide becomes increasingly important to the success of corporate organisations. From leading politicians, thought leaders and intellects from around the world, the Champions Speakers will utilise all of their experience to combine their analysis of both the past and present in addition with trends and predictions from the future to empower your employees and leaders to go to the next level and excel with the use of Geopolitics.
If you are ready to take your company from a nation business to a global corporation and use geopolitical knowledge to explore new heights then be sure you take a look through the fantastic Geopolitical Speakers on our books that can benefit your business and do not hesitate to get in touch to enquire about their availability through our online form or on 0207 1010 553 where our dedicated team will be delighted to provide further information and answers to your questions.
The study of the effects of geography on politics and international relations, geopolitics unsurprisingly holds significant importance in the global climate and has a major impact on the world. Performed successfully, the effective use of geopolitics can help to transform your business from a national corporation to a global enterprise. Discussing the political, economic, and social factors affecting businesses around the world and detailing the implications to investment and risk, the Champions' range of geopolitics speakers that are available to hire truly are incredible!
Dragons' Den: Where Are They Now?


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The Cure Is In The Cupboard, How to Use Oregano For Better Health, By Cass Ingram, D.O. Oregano saved Dr. Ingram's life. Learn how to use oregano and its essential oil for fighting infection and eliminating pain. Combat skin disorders, injuries, wounds, and dental problems. Particularly valuable for fungal infections.
Oregano Oil Supplements, Vegetarian, 60 liquid caps Oregano has antibacterial, anti-fungal, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory properties. It also is used to relieve indigestion, bloating and flatulence.


The best shopping areas in Limassol (Lemesos) include Makarious III Ave and Anexartisias & Agiou Andreou Streets. These shopping areas provide the full range, from ultra-modern to traditional items and souvenirs. In addition to these well known shopping areas, tourists can also find plenty of clothes, footwear, leather accessories and also some superb jewellery stores spread throughout the town.
Oro Vitchenza has finest collection of high quality products and provides excellent service. It is a well known store specializing in fine jewellery and exclusive watches. Oro Vitchenza offers expert advice and is appreciated for its high level of customer service.
A large, UK style departmental store in Limassol providing clothes and shoes for children and adults, cosmetics, perfume, furniture, home ware and many more. Most of the products are imported from UK.
The Debenhams Apollon Departmental Store is situated in Makarios Avenue of Limassol city. The land covers an area of 8,700 m² with a building area of 6,900 m² and offers 174 parking spaces.
The Debenhams Olympia Departmental Store can be found in a prime location situated at the main coastal road of Limassol. The land covers 10,100 m² with a building area of 9,200 m² and offers 250 parking spaces.
Adams jewellery offers a wide range of gold and silver bracelets, necklaces, rings and watches.
Carrefour has a large chain of supermarkets in Cyprus, with a couple of them scattered around Limassol city. All Carrefour shops in the city provide fresh fruits and vegetables, a deli counter, a butcher and bakery products. Some stores also sell clothes, home ware and toys.
Home IQ is famous for its outstanding variety of home and gift ideas ranging from mirrors, pictures, ornaments, furniture to individual style accessories. Many of them are directly imported from Persia and South Africa. The shop also offers locally crafted goods.
This is the perfect place in old town Limassol for buying a gift or souvenir for beloved ones. Mythos Gift Shop stocks an extensive variety of fashion jewellery, ethnic handicraft and different types of beads and amber.
This shop offers handcrafted pottery that has been made on the premises. It has sculptures, earthenware and other unique creations on sale. Tourists can also buy paintings and sketches here.
These are huge warehouse type stores which are similar to the UK stores 'Toys R Us'. They sell many products for children such as; board games, sports equipment, computer games, children's clothing and many more toys.
This is located on Makarios Avenue and is a large store containing several clothes and shoes boutiques offering the latest fashion accessories.


TAMARA I. SEARS is assistant professor of South Asian art and architectural history at Yale University. Profile page.
Sears, Tamara I. (2014). Worldly Gurus and Spiritual Kings: Architecture and Asceticism in Medieval India. xiii, 284 S.


I sincerely hope that you are in such great health that you rarely ever need to see a doctor. But if you're like me and experience some health condition for which medical support is necessary, then you'll probably relate to the feeling of frustration often entailed in dealing with the medical establishment.
Is this what our health care system has resorted to?
Sadly, yes. But you're far from powerless when it comes to demanding the authentic quality care you deserve!
1. Ask questions & understand. Don't simply accept what your doctor tells you and follow directions blindly, make sure that you truly understand why they are recommending a particular course of action and that it makes sense for you. Sometimes stating your hesitations about something or simply asking for more information will motivate your doctor to look deeper and offer more alternatives.
2. Love and trust your doc. Always remember that your doctor works for you and not the other way around. If you're unhappy or feel uncomfortable with your doctor for any reason then tell them how you feel to see if that changes anything, and then invest the energy in finding someone who is a better fit for you. Having positive interactions with your doctor will alleviate the stress of seeing them and support the overall healing process via a more nourishing relationships and the production of your own self-healing endorphins.
3. Create a circle of support. No matter how mild or serious your condition, it helps to have a team of people to support your healing process. That could mean a doctor you see every few months for routine blood tests and check-ups, a Health Coach (like me!) to keep you motivated and inspired to maintain an ongoing healthy diet and lifestyle, a massage therapist to reduce stress, perhaps a fitness trainer, plus of course your loving family and friends. The combination of all of these wonderful people striving towards the same goal of helping you feel better will make for an unstoppable force of healing.
4. Track your progress. Stay organized in your health management by saving copies of blood test results, personal notes about the changes you've made, names and addresses for the healers or doctors you've worked with, etc. Keep it all together in one special folder and be mindful of the gradual improvements you've made, and more importantly of the things that are actually working! This will truly help if you need to switch doctors, someone loses your file, or you want to look through your own medical history in the future.
5. Think positive. Ample research now supports the fact that your mind has an incredible influence over your body, and can either boost or hinder your body's natural ability to self-heal. While simply believing that you will get better may not always be enough to recover from a health condition, it will undoubtedly aid all of the other efforts you're making and help them work better. Take all your fears, frustrations, and doubts about recovery (even the ones that came from your pessimistic – I mean, um, "realistic" doctors) and put them into an imaginary sack. Now visualize waving that sack out the window where all these negative thoughts and feelings turn into beautiful birds flying towards the heavens. From this moment, be unequivocally convinced and confident in the fact that health and happiness is yours. Keep it up and you'll transform your health in no time!
Have you ever struggled with your sense of power as a patient?


Pour télécharger les drivers pour ASUS RACK SYSTEM RS720Q-E7/RS12 pour Windows, Unix, Other, Non-OS, Windows 8.1 (64), Windows 8.1 (32), Windows 8 (64), Windows 8 (32), Windows 7 (64), Windows 7 (32), Windows Vista (64), Windows Vista (32), Windows XP (64), Windows XP, Windows 2012, Windows 2008 (64), Windows 2008, Windows 2003 (64), Windows 2003, Other, cliquez sur "Télécharger". Si vous avez besoin d'un drivers d'une autre version, envoyez une demande de driver. Si vous avez des questions sur ce driver, veuillez nous contacter via le formulaire de contact. Sur cette page, vous pouvez discuter notamment de l'installation, la désinstallation et la mise à jour du driver.
ASUS Energy Supervisor is an ASUS-developed tool that calculates the total power consumption and shows related information such as the configuration of ASUS servers in cabinets.
->Easy and quick installation: Users can have the software ready in one minute without the need of downloading extra software and tools.
->Clear information: Users not only have the clear view of all server information in the cabinet but also a quick understanding of the power consumption status of all servers in the cabinet.
-ASUS Server DMI Utility v0.03 for RS720Q-E7/RS12 systems.
1. Support LSI Mega RAID Function.
2. Add memory ECC enabled/disabled info in BIOS.
3. Update Intel RSTe 3.1.0.1085 Option ROM for SATA & SCU.
2. Fix Sata signals may be abnormal when BMC enabled on system RS72X.
* Pls noted before upgrading BIOS, system must shutdown to remove all nodes and follow attached SOP to move jumper on mid-plane.
1. Modify "Total Memory" string to "Usage Memory" in BIOS Setup.
2. Add "Above 4G Decoding" item in BIOS Advanced page -> PCI Subsystem Settings.
*If your BIOS version is 0606 or older: Go to BIOS-Utilities to download and flash the BIOS to version 3107 firstly before updating the BIOS.
*Pls check if jumper move to the correct position on mid-plane as BIOS 0606 attachment.
1. Set Boot option filter default to LegacyOnly.
2. Add Network Stack related options in BIOS setup.
1. Update MRC to 1.0.023.
2. Fix RHEL 6.3 cannot be installed on Pike 2008 IMR.
1. Update RSTe to 3.7.0.1049.
2. Modify default value of VT-d to be enabled.
3. Reset system after pressing F10 for saving BIOS changes.
1. Updated Intel RSTe driver & OpRom to version 3.8.0.1029.
2. Improve stability for BIOS Recovery.
3. Improve compatibility for add-on VGA card with Ivy-Bridge CPUs.
4. Improve stability for ACPI states.
5. Support Windows 2012 R2.
Add CPU 1 PCIE root port bifurcation in BIOS, users can manually choose x16 or x8x8 link.
1. Improve compatibility with some 3D VGA cards and GPU cards..
2. Improve USB function for USB WHQL TEST and some other XHCI chip use.
3. Improve PXE boot function.
4. Improve compatibility when run PIKE card and SCU HDDs at the same time.
6. Improve compatibility to some LAN card.
7. Improve compatibility to some PS2 keyboard and mouse.
8. Improve system exception control when changing CPU with PIKE 2308 in system.
9. Improve stability of fan speed.
11. Modify string description from "Lan1" to "LAN1".
12. Improve AMI UEFI Variable Security.
13. Improve compatibility with raid card RR2740/2730.


Entry is for Adelaide Hills artists only. All entry forms must be received by HAC no later than Friday May 11th.
Annie Franken, 13 Boucaut Crt, Mt Barker 5251.
May 18th – 27th 2018.
$30 per artist. A measured space the equivalent of 90cms wide x 90cms deep will be allocated to each artist to be used as they wish eg. 1 large, 2 medium or a collection of smaller pieces. Oversized paintings will be $35 subject to space. We retain the right to display the works in a manner that we think gives them the best exposure possible and compliments the exhibition as a whole. We welcome non-hanging items (eg sculptures, mosaics & pottery). We will have multiple prizes including a peoples choice award.
Artworks to be submitted on Sunday May 13th between 10am and 4pm at The Den, Mt Barker Town Hall….you enter from Stephen Street, Mt Barker (signage at door) and must be accompanied with your entry fee. We will not accept pieces that have been displayed in our previous exhibitions.
Disability/special needs artworks to be submitted on Saturday May 12th between 12 -2 pm.
Collect on Sunday May 27th at 4.00pm. No work will be stored.
GST All exhibitors must provide HAC with details regarding their ABN (if you are a registered business), or a declaration stating that your activities are on a hobby basis only, and that you are conducting your activities without a reasonable expectation of profit.
Without this information, HAC, by law, will have to withhold 48.5% of any payments due to that person.
All payments to artists will be made, in most cases, within 30 days after the end of the month in which the exhibition closes (providing the purchaser has paid in full). Please see GST clause regarding withholding tax. Payments will be made by cheque.
All works must be presented according to professional accepted standards and be ready to hang. (ie. undamaged frames). It is essential that all hanging works have firmly attached picture wires with D-rings of sufficient strength to support the weight. Eyelet rings and string or cords are not acceptable. The glass and mats must be clean. Any painted works must be entirely dry. Work that doesn't meet these standards will be rejected.
All artworks must have the title and artist's name somewhere on the back of the painting for identification purposes.
All artworks will be curated.
It is the artist's responsibility to insure their own works.
Copyright of all work remains with the artist. HAC reserves the right to photograph any work for publicity and information purposes including our social media pages. Any exhibitor has the sole responsibility for ensuring that their artwork does not infringe another creator's copyright. Artwork that may infringe the cultural property or moral rights of another person or group may not be displayed.


(github) can be added over time.
> in this worth the reward?
> manager projects are bound to fail until these questions are answered.
> Let me be a little clearer about what I was proposing.
> I ought to be including in my project.
> How Do I Find Packages?
> How Do People Create Open Source Erlang Now?
> They create a public repository on GitHub.
> How Do People Include Open Source Erlang?
> How Are Dependency Clashes Resolved?
> that depends on Cowboy 0.8.1, tough.
> really *serious* security and authentication on it.
> GitHub repository and build and deploy from that.
> What Am I Proposing?
>   - scrape stars, forks, commits, watches, date of last commit from GitHub?
> What I Am Not Proposing?
>>> in this worth the reward?
>>> manager projects are bound to fail until these questions are answered.
>> has to be packaged for every linux distribution under the sun.
>> In theory, there is no difference between theory and practice.


text:
Stronger health systems. Greater health impact.
Strengthening Health Systems
Financing Health Services
Leadership, Management & Governance
Packages of Care
Women's, Children's, and Adolescents' Health
Fragile States
FCI Program of MSH
International Consortium for Emergency Contraception
Learning & Impact
LeaderNet
US Global Health Policy
WOMEN LEAD: An International Women's Day Message from Uganda
Photo: Tadeo Atuhura/MSH.
For most of my life, women in Uganda---as in most countries---were treated as inferior to men. Girls were less likely to be educated than their brothers, and had little control over the direction of their lives. Many girls grew up being told how to act, eat, and talk; many women were regarded as little more than domestic caregivers. However, in 1986 the ruling government radically changed the dynamics of Ugandan women in global development and their participation in decision-making at all levels of government. This International Women's Day we, in Uganda, are celebrating this transformation with a theme of "connecting girls, inspiring futures," and wishing women around the world similar progress and success.
Women Lead: Government
Women in Uganda now hold more leadership positions than ever before—35 percent of the seats in Parliament are now occupied by women, and our Speaker of Parliament and Minister of Health are women. The introduction of universal primary education has allowed more girls to begin their schooling, and affirmative action at the university level has provided more women the opportunity to realize their dreams for fulfilling professional careers.
WOMEN LEAD: An International Women's Day Message from Uganda
Global Health Impact: Developing Strong Health Leaders Saves Lives
Integrating the Leadership Development Program into Guyana's national nursing school training (watch video): Guyana HIV/AIDS Reduction and Prevention, phase two (GHARP II), a PEPFAR-funded and USAID-supported project.
Developing Strong Health Leaders Saves Lives, the newest edition of MSH's Global Health Impact e-newsletter (subscribe), features:
Strong Women Leaders Build Strong Health Systems
Jonathan D. Quick, MD, MPH
Photo credit: MSH.
In my 35 years working in international health, I've attended hundreds of conferences. Conferences are opportunities to exchange ideas and form connections. They're often fascinating. But once in a while a conference itself can be a pivotal moment. A great example was last year's International AIDS Conference, the first held in the United States after President Obama finally lifted the longstanding travel ban against foreigners living with HIV.
And recently, people around MSH, and throughout the Kenya health community, have been talking about Kenya's First National Conference on Health Leadership, Management and Governance. The conference, held in early February, demonstrated the long-term vision of the Kenyans who are running the health system. These leaders understand the value of training health systems managers to improve the quality of service delivery.
International Day of Zero Tolerance: Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation--A Public Health and Cultural Perspective
I was circumcised when I was eighty days old, as is the tradition in Ethiopia. My sister was three. My mother had tried to spare us, but her aunt discovered that we were not circumcised and took it upon herself to have us circumcised.
Years later, I asked my aunt why she did it. Her response was not defensive. On the contrary, she responded very matter-of-fact: My sister and I were circumcised so that we could find a husband, have children, and become women. This is the cultural ideology that most Ethiopian women believed at that time, and unfortunately, that many still adhere to in the 21st century---an ideology and practice that is detrimental to a woman's health.
Female genital circumcision alters or causes injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. There are no health benefits for girls. On the contrary, the procedure can lead to severe bleeding, infections, and problems urinating, during sexual intercourse, and complications in childbirth, as well as later cysts and increased risk of newborn deaths---not to mention the severe pain and shock of the procedure.
Despite Challenges, Seven-Year-Old Nigerian Girl Starts Primary School
Raphael Dare Ariyo
Photo credit: S. J. Garlora / MSH.
Seven-year-old Ladi Muhammed wants to become a teacher. The third of five children ranging 3 to 20 years old, Ladi and her family live in a poor Nigerian village.
The likelihood of Ladi attending primary school is low.
Public primary education is free in Nigeria, but Ladi's parents can barely afford to feed their children. The children supplement their parents' income with menial jobs, such as street trading, which leaves little time or energy for schooling.
Her father, Ahmadu Mohammed, wants to send all of his children to school, but does not have the financial means to do so. "It is my heartfelt desire to send my children to school, but I can't support them due to the meager salary I earn from my work as a gateman. Our situation is tough; we can barely feed ourselves," says Mohammed.
Without an education, Ladi's desire to one day become a teacher appeared a distant dream.
US Senate Passes Child Marriage Prevention Act, Global Momentum to Protect Girls Growing
Chanell Hasty
Photo credit: S. Galdos/MSH.
If you think that child marriage is not an issue in the twenty-first century, think again. In developing countries, 82 million girls who are now ages 10 to 17 will be married before their 18th birthday. Over the past decade, 58 million girls in developing countries -- one in three -- have been married under the age of 18; 15 million -- one in nine -- were married by age 15.
These girls are often married against their will, despite national laws that prohibit marriage until the age of 18, and numerous international declarations, conventions, and global conferences that "guarantee" the rights of girls, like the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Senate Passes Preventing Child Marriage Act
Child marriage is increasingly becoming a hot topic within the realm of global health -- and influencing U.S. domestic and global policy.
The International Protecting Girls by Preventing Child Marriage Act (S. 414) -- reintroduced in the U.S. Congress in February 2011 --- passed on the Senate floor by way of voice vote on May 24, 2012. (The bill also passed the Senate unanimously in December 2010.)
MSH's Working Principles for Health Development Initiatives in Fragile States
Nearly 50 countries, including Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Haiti, Liberia and South Sudan, are considered a fragile or conflict-affected state -- a state that is in conflict, recovering from conflict or crisis, or a state that has collapsed or has a strong and repressive government. Over nearly 40 years of working in fragile states, Management Sciences for Health (MSH) has identified best practices, lessons learned, and appropriate interventions for a myriad of situations in fragile states.
MSH takes an integrated approach to building high-impact sustainable public health programs that address critical challenges in leadership, health systems management, health service delivery, human resources, and medicines. Wherever our partnerships succeed, the positive impact of good health has a ripple effect, contributing to the building of healthy nations.
MSH works collaboratively with health care policymakers, managers, providers, and the private sector to increase the efficacy, efficiency, and sustainability of health services by improving management systems, promoting access to services, and influencing public policy.
The Intersection of Global Health, Gender and Human Rights
T Stewart
Photo credit: PAHO/WHO.
Health is a human right and should not be denied based on any factor, including gender, ethnicity, or socioeconomic status.
On March 21 and 22, 2012, law students, global health professionals, and human rights experts gathered at the Inaugural Conference on Global Health, Gender and Human Rights at American University to discuss tackling global health issues from a human rights perspective.
Co-hosted by the American University Washington College of Law, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), and the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Guatemala, the two-day conference focused on six crucial topics: disabilities, women's and adolescent girls' health, gender identities, older persons, access to medicines, and tobacco control.
Speakers and participants articulated the important role gender and human rights play in the promotion of health around the world.
Recognizing and Empowering Women Leaders at All Levels of the Health System
B Giorgis_jquick
Josephine, a wife and mother of six living in rural Uganda, tried to soothe her 3-year-old daughter. The girl was suffering from diarrhea and a high fever and her crying filled the home. Recognizing that the girl's health was in danger, Josephine summoned the courage to ask her husband for permission to take their second-youngest child to the local health facility unit -- and pleaded for money to cover the travel and treatment expenses.
Requesting permission from her husband to travel to the facility was not her only choice, however: choosing to take her daughter for treatment also meant leaving her other children -- including her youngest -- unattended at home. Once at the health center, she continued to navigate the challenging road to treatment for her daughter, communicating her situation to the health providers and negotiating the financial and provider aspects of the health center system, without assistance. Relieved and exhausted, Josephine returned home safely with her daughter, oral rehydration salts, and knowledge.
Recognizing women leaders
What makes a person in the health system a good leader? Who determines that he or she is a leader? How do we empower leaders to improve the health of those around them?
DanielDip on
A Calling To Care for the Sick and Weak
World AIDS Day: The Role of 'Test and Treat' in Achieving an HIV-Free Generation
LeslieSef on
Ending Preventable Child Deaths with Integrated Community Case Management: Stronger Pharmaceutical Systems for Healthier Communities
Empower Our Girls, Empower the World: An International Women's Day Message from Nigeria
Shortchanging Global Health Now Will Cost Us Later
MichaelPex on
Recife Top Ten: Together Toward Health for All
uk essay on
Bringing the Private Sector to Public Health: How Business Innovation Can Improve Health Care Access
First Conference on Pharmaceutical Management for TB and M/XDR-TB for the WHO European Region Emphasizes Access to Medicines, Rational Use
Leading Voices: Effectively Supporting Gender-Based Violence Survivors in Benin
A One-Stop Shop Model Provides Holistic Care to Gender-Based Violence Survivors in Mali
Bridging the accountability gap in our fight against TB
Making pregnancy a choice, not a chance, in Malawi
CapacityPlus
DFID Bloggers
DipNote (US Department of State)
End the Neglect (Global Network for Neglected Tropical Diseases)
Global Health Hub
Global Health Policy Blog (Center for Global Development)
Global Pulse (Global Post)
Impatient Optimists (Gates Foundation)
K4Health Blog
LMGforHealth
MHTF Blog (Maternal Health Task Force)
Sarah Boseley's Global Health Blog (The Guardian)
Southern Africa HIV and AIDS Regional Exchange (SHARE)
UHC Forward
USAID Impact
Vital Blog (IntraHealth International)
Women Deliver Blog
MSH & The Tao of Leadership
Partnership and Empowerment: We take our inspiration from the Tao (Way) of Leadership, working shoulder to shoulder with our local colleagues and partners toward their empowerment and success.
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b. not attached to the sea bottom or shore.
d. less than the required speed.
It is prohibited to anchor in a traffic separation scheme.
Which of the vessels listed below shall avoid impeding the safe passage of a vessel not under command ?
Draw the lights of a small vessel with a short tow below.
You are sailing with the wind on your port quarter. You observe another sailing vessel upwind approaching on a steady bearing. You should keep clear.
A vessel engaged in mine clearance operations should not be approached closer than 2000 metres astern and 500 metres either side.
Draw below the lights of a fishing vessel making way.
a. is engaged in diving operations.
b. is a local pilot tender.
d. wishes to communicate with you.
The arc on the horizon of a vessel's stern light is 135°.
Draw below the day shapes of a NUC.
Which method is used to indicate a partly submerged object being towed?
The day shape for a vessel engaged in fishing is two cones, pointed ends together in a vertical line.
d. what is your intention?
d. I am unclear of your intention?
What signal shall be used to indicate that a vessel is turning to port.
Another vessel displays a square flag below which is a ball to indicate.
A distress flare is coloured.
Three fixed red lights in a vertical line indicate.
You are required to assist vessels or persons displaying distress signals.


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text:
Ласло Хуньяди (Владислав Хуньяди) (, , ; 1431 — 16 марта 1457) — венгерский государственный и военный деятель. Бан Хорватии и Далмации (1453), шталмейстер (1456—1457), ишпан Пожони (1452), Тимишоары (1456—1457) и Тренчина (1456—1457).

Биография
Представитель знатного венгерского рода Хуньяди. Старший из двух сыновей Яноша Хуньяди (1387—1456), воеводы Трансильвании и регента Венгерского королевства, и Эржебеты Силадьи (ок. 1410—1483). Старший брат Матьяша Хуньяди (1443—1490), будущего короля Венгрии (1458—1490).

С самого раннего возраста Ласло сопровождал своего отца в военных походах. После битвы на Косовом поле (1448) он остался на некоторое время в качестве заложника при дворе сербского деспота Георгия Бранковича. В 1452 году ишпан Пожони Ласло Хуньяди был членом венгерской делегации, которая отправилась в Вену, чтобы просить возвращения в Венгрию короля Ладислава Постума. В 1453 году он получил должность бана Хорватии и Далмации. В 1455 году на сословном собрании в Буде Ласло Хуньяди отказался от всех своих титулов из-за обвинений графа Ульриха Цилли и других врагов дома Хуньяди. В конце концов их спор был урегулирован, а Ласло был обручен с Марией, дочерью палатина Венгрии Ласло Гараи.

После смерти Яноша Хуньяди в 1456 году Ласло Хуньяди был объявлен своим врагом Ульрихом Цилли (капитан-генералом Венгрии) ответственным за долги, которые якобы был должен его покойный отец государству. В октябре 1456 года на сословном собрании в Футоге Ласло Хуньяди смог успешно защитился от всех обвинений, что Ульрих Цилли вынужден был притворно согласиться на примирение, обещая защитить Ласло Хуньяди при условии, он сдаст все королевские замки, которые он занимает. Вначале Ласло должен был сдать крепость Нандорфехервар (сейчас — Белград) в Сербии, где он был комендантом. Туда прибыл король Ладислав Постум и регент королевства Ульрих Цилли. 9 ноября 1456 года при невыясненных обстоятельствах люди Ласло Хуньяди в Нандорфехерваре убили Ульриха Цилли в присутствии самого короля. В том же году Ласло Хуньяди получил должность королевского шталмейстера.

Молодой венгерский король Ладислав Постум вынужден был дать обещание помиловать Ласло Хуньяди и в последующей беседе с его матерью в Тимишоаре поклялся, что он будет защищать всю семью Хуньяди. Король назначил Ласло Хуньяди лордом-казначеем и капитан-генералом королевства. Ничего не подозревая, Ласло сопровождал короля в Буду. Но по прибытии в столицу он был арестован по обвинению в заговоре против короля, приговорен к смертной казни и обезглавлен 16 марта 1457 года.

Он является главным героем популярной венгерской оперы Ференца Эркеля «Ласло Хуньяди».

Источники
 Acsády, Ignác (1904). History of the Hungarian Realm (in Hungarian), vol. i., Budapest.
 Engel, Pál (1996). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1301—1457, I. («Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1301—1457, Volume I»). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. Budapest. ISBN 963-8312-44-0.
 Kubinyi, András: Hunyadi Mátyás, a személyiség és a király, AETAS 22, 83-100, 2007.
 Bánhegyi, Ferenc: A Hunyadiak dicsősége, Celldömölk, Apáczai Kiadó, 2008.

Баны Хорватии
Обезглавленные
История Венгрии
Казнённые политики
Казнённые за государственную измену
Казнённые в XV веке
Хуньяди


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Sledge flags were the idea of Captain Horatio Austin. He was in charge an expedition, mounted by the Royal Navy in 1850, to look for signs of Sir John Franklin's expedition of 1845. There had been no news of Franklin, who set out to find a North West Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, since the summer of 1847. The search was in the general area of Prince of Wales Island and Lancaster Sound, and included some journeys over the ice using sledges hauled by seamen. "To retain esprit de corps, and a naval atmosphere, each sledge was given a name, motto and flag."
"It was a grand sight to see the whole fifteen sledges, loaded and manned, marching in two long lines over the ice morning after morning, with the frowning cliffs of Griffith Island as a background. There was Captain Ommanney's Maltese Cross on a red field, the blue cross of McClintock, the St George's Cross of Bradford, Osborn's white cross on blue, the arm with a pierced heart of Mecham, the sawn tree of Hamilton, and many more."
The flags were two feet by three feet (60cms x 90cms).
Details of these flags are derived mainly from an article "Sledge Flags" by H. Gresham Carr in the Mariner's Mirror January 1941, and "Royal Navy" (volumes 6 and 7) by William Laird Clowes.
"Much information concerning the construction and equipment of sledges is to be found in the Journals of certain polar explorers. Indeed, they contain the smallest details, but, in almost every case, little or no mention is made of sledge flags. This will come as no surprise to the student of flags, for he is well aware that this particular branch of the science of heraldry has been sadly neglected by all but a few." H.Gresham Carr, who wrote the article 'Sledge Flags', and was editor of Warne's 'Flags of the World' from 1953 to 1961.
The flag design of Mecham's flag as shown here differs slightly from what it most probably was. It comes from the Mecham crest and features a hand-held dagger tranfixing a human heart, emitting blood, rather than the arrow. The scan shows the Mecham Arms with crest; from which Lt. Mecham designed his flag. Note the drops of blood from heart. I expect the colour to be similar. The arms awarded to his father, Capt.George Mecham 3rd Dragoons, in 1812 (George Mecham of Garrycastle, co.Westmeath, Ireland). Lt Mecham became a Commander after these expeditions, but died in Honolulu, in command of HMS Vixen, in 1858, aged only 30 years.
This is based on a description, "and the sawn tree of Hamilton", using the drawing in Parker's Heraldry with the coronet and motto removed.
See also: scan of reference pages from 1857 book of expedition, written by Resolute's Master.
Only one flag from the 1852-53 five-sledge expedition which was commanded by Captain Henry Kellet. Francis McClintock again, with a sledge named 'Star of the North'.
McClintock's sledge was named 'The Lady Franklin', and the flag included the Franklin motto: Nisu.
Flag of Albert Hastings Markham.
Expedition to the North Pole, commanded by Captain George Nares. One sledge reached 83 degrees 20 minutes, the nearest to the North Pole then achieved.
After this most sledge flags tended to be of a similar style; the personal flag of a sledge commander, rather than the flag of the sledge, or its crew. Early examples had rounded ends, but later the ones were pointed.
Pennant of the Royal Geographical Society which was presented to the expedition ship Discovery in Dundee. The badge in the image is black, with some detailing, omitted as the correct colour is not known.
Click here for a photo of this flag (sent by Mark Rogacki, 12 June 2005).
From Scott's 1901 expedition, and presumably Shackleton's own expeditions. "Red stripe charged with three buckles lozengy, tongues upwards, palewise. On red canton a yellow cross humettee" Flag of Ernest Henry Shackleton, who was Scott's Third Lieutenant. Shackleton led his own Antarctic Expeditions in 1908 and 1914.
Wilson's sledging flag is shown at http://www.antarctic-circle.org/E16.htm: [Antarctic explorer] "Wilson's flag hangs in Gloucester Cathedral (�). I thought it was at his Cambridge college, Gonville & Caius, but going there last October and seeing the flag in the dining hall, it was clear that this was the college flag which Wilson took south with him (�) and not his sledging flag. It's mounted on the wall beside the high table, protected by a covering."
See the flag in all its beauty here (tiny shield on a blue field): http://www.flickr.com/photos/9494577@N04/2068815457/ for which we have to thank mffitzgerald (photo uploaded 27 Nov 2007). Caption: "From the dining hall at Caius and Gonville".
Ernest Shackleton�s Antarctic Expeditionary party of 1907-1909 also visited the house, and the book contains the signatures of all the crew and some illustrations by the artist, G. E. Marston, one of the official artists of the expedition. There is also what may possibly be an unpublished poem by Shackleton, entitled Mount Erebus, from which Clive reads a passage: �Keeper of the southern gateway / Rugged and grim and grand / Warden of the wastes uncharted / as the years sweet on you stand.� (Note: Clive later found that the poem Erebus does appear in a published expedition book, but it is signed as �Nemo�, hence it was not previously publicly known that Shackleton was the author of this piece).
A colored picture of a waving flag on a small hill was drawn on the pages of the Ernest Shackleton�s Antarctic Expedition (1907-1909). The flag had � if I noticed correctly � five horizontal bars, blue and white. Is this an expedition flag for this event only? How should I interpret this flag?
It might have been just an expedition flag.
On display at the Otago Museum, Dunedin, New Zealand, is a major exhibition on Antarctic exploration and research (January 2007). Dunedin's port, Port Chalmers, was the last stop for Scott before his fateful final trip to the "Big Ice". Among the items on display is a sledge pennant designed for Birdie Bowers on this final expedition. For reasons explained further down, it was never used, but it is an interesting piece of flag history nonetheless. Here is the description from the accompanying panel displayed next to the pennant.
"In 1939, Lady Maxwell, sister of "Birdie" Bowers, donated to Waitaki Boys' High School (Oamaru, NZ)'s Hall of Memories the pennant she had embroidered for her brother's sledge. Individual sledge pennants had been made for Scott's first Antarctic expedition, and the custom continued on the 1910-12 expedition. Lieutenant Henry Robertson "Birdie" Bowers was originally in charge of stores on the 'Terra Nova'. His abilities, however, impressed Scott so much that by the time the vessel had reached Melbourne he was included in the shore party, and Bowers delightedly wrote home saying he would now need a sledging flag, including specifications and a sketch. It did not reach the Antarctic, however, until the 'Terra Nova' returned there in January 1912. By then the polar party of Scott, Bowers, Wilson, Oates, and Evans had already left on their ill-fated journey to the South Pole.
"The pennant carries the red cross of St George, on a white ground, common to all the sledge pennants, and also, on a blue ground, the Bowers family crest - a leg pierced by an arrow, encircled by a belt, with the motto 'Esse Quam Videri' ("To be rather than to seem")."
Can you tell me what flags would have have flown from the mast while the ship was trapped in the ice?
There are numerous photos taken at the time online (a Google image search of endurance+ice+shackleton turns up quite a few). Something is definitely flown from the mast in some of the pictures (see http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=42110&rendTypeId=4 and http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/hms_endurance_ernest_shackleton_antarctic.jpg and it would make sense if it was the Union Jack.
Images of the ship just before it went down don't seem to show any flag there, though, so presumably it was lowered. (See http://www.tepapa.govt.nz/NR/rdonlyres/67A44329-AB26-4035-8E5A-B26FCA4B7192/0/endurance_350.jpg.
Page 90. The ship the ship is crushed and partially sunk in the ice, and a what appears to be a Red ensign is flying from the gaff peak. It's a monochrome photo and the flag is not fully extended, but that's what it appears to be (and it's what one would expect on a British merchant ship).
Page 105, showing the temporary base at Ocean Camp after the ship was abandoned, shows a union flag flying on an improvised flagpole, above what the caption refers to as the "ship's burgee." The design, if any, on the burgee is not visible, but it appears to be larger than the union flag.
Page 70, a shows the crew eating dinner aboard the ship before she was abandoned. A New Zealand ensign is hanging from the overhead in the background.
The ship's proper ensign would have been the British Red Ensign, which would under normal circumstances have flown from the ensign staff at the stern. It is most unlikely that the Union jack would have been flown from the mast head as this was reserved for the Royal Navy to indicate that there was an Admiral of the Fleet on board. No such restriction would have applied to the position of the expedition flag.
Flag of James Wordie, geologist on Shackleton's 1914-16 expedition.
Congrats for the very good likeness of the James Wordie Sledging flag. I have just had it restored and you will be pleased to hear it is not going to be sold (the Antiques Roadshow had a ludicrously high value).
Is there any information about the use of sledge flags after 'The Heroic Era' and contemporary use on SnoCats, skidoos and other motorized vehicles (which, by the by, still include towing slightly modernized Nansen Sledges very similar to the 1900 model). Lots of safety oriented internationall orange location pennants and small national flags have been and are used on vehicles of all sorts but as to the more personal flags?
For example - Fuchs and Hillary flew some sort of personal or expedition flags from their machines in 1956 when the went across Antarctica (I know of the 1911 flag Fuchs also re-flew at the pole). New Zealand field teams may still design and fly 'sledge' flags when they travel on the ice (and as 'memento's'). I cannot get confirmation or find references to anything except for 1850-1924.
To answer Mark Rogacki's query about whether explorers still use Sledge Flags. I know for a fact that several recent expeditions internationally have had Sledge Flags. Those in the Polar Regions tend to have them but only if they are (a) British and (b) of a traditional frame of mind. This issue is complex because of the need to carry the banners of one's sponsors. Individual explorers do have personal banners. I used the OZ Red Ensign as such and I carried the SA flag because I am a member of the Royal Geographical Soc. of South Australia. I felt I should carry a symbol of one of the mobs I belong to. The Expedition to Lambert Centre (The Geographical Heart of Aust.) some years ago circa 2010 carried the SA flag. What the QLD part of the Expedition (it was a joint RGSQ-RGSSA expedition) carried I don't know. But that is a start to answering this query and I shall be keeping my eyes open. I am still trying to come up with a suitable design myself. It is complicated by the fact of Nationality. Do I put what flag in the heading or chief of the Sledge Pennant? As an Aussie the ANF is offensive to me. The St. George flag suggests Englishness but my antecedents are Scottish/Irish and Gypsy in that order. So something like James Wedge's(?) flag. Or do I, for the sake of economy go for a rectangular banner? What Aussie symbols should I use and the matter has been further complicated by the fact that I have recently discovered my mother's family's connections to James Cook. My father's tribe were also involved in exploration.


text:
/**
 *
 * @brief: This file contains the signing code for "sign-tftf" a Linux
 * command-line app used to sign one or more Trusted Firmware Transfer
 * Format (TFTF) files used by the secure bootloader.
 *
 */

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <libgen.h>
#include <openssl/conf.h>
#include <openssl/evp.h>
#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <openssl/pem.h>
#include <openssl/rsa.h>
#include <openssl/engine.h>
#include "util.h"
#include "mcl_arch.h"
#include "mcl_oct.h"
#include "mcl_ecdh.h"
#include "mcl_rand.h"
#include "mcl_rsa.h"
#include "crypto.h"
#include "db.h"
#include "ims_common.h"
#include "ims.h"

/* Uncomment the following define to enable IMS diagnostic messages */
/*#define IMS_DEBUGMSG*/

/* IMS output file */
static FILE *   fp_ims;

/**
 * Endpoint Rsa pRivate Key (ERRK/ERPK) data:
 */

/* Maximum biased ERRK P or Q before overflow */
mcl_chunk errk_max_pq_ff[MCL_HFLEN][MCL_BS];

mcl_chunk erpk_mod_ff[MCL_HFLEN][MCL_BS];
mcl_chunk erpk_e[MCL_HFLEN][MCL_BS];
mcl_chunk erpk_d[MCL_HFLEN][MCL_BS];
mcl_chunk p1[MCL_HFLEN][MCL_BS];
mcl_chunk q1[MCL_HFLEN][MCL_BS];

void calc_errk_max_pq(void);

/**
 * @brief Initialize the IMS generation subsystem
 *
 * Opens the database and IMS output file, seeds the PRNG, etc.
 *
 * @param prng_seed_file Filename from which to read the seed
 * @param prng_seed_string Raw seed string
 * @param ims_filename The name of the IMS output file
 * @param database_name The name of the key database
 *
 * @note One and only 1 of prng_seed_file and prng_seed_string must be
 *       non-null.
 *
 * @returns Zero if successful, errno otherwise.
 */
int ims_init(const char * prng_seed_file,
             const char * prng_seed_string,
             const char * ims_filename,
             const char * database_name) {
    int status = 0;
    mcl_octet * seed = NULL;

    /* Seed the PRNG */
    status = ims_common_init(prng_seed_file, prng_seed_string);

    /* Open the key database */
    status = db_init(database_name);
    if (status != 0) {
        goto ims_init_err;
    }

    /* Open the IMS output file */
    fp_ims = fopen(ims_filename, "w");

    /* Establish any really big number constants */
    calc_errk_max_pq();

ims_init_err:

    return status;
}

/**
 * @brief De-initialize the IMS generation subsystem
 *
 * Flushes the IMS output file, closes the database
 */
void ims_deinit(void) {
    /* Close the IMS output file */
    if (fp_ims) {
        fclose(fp_ims);
        fp_ims = NULL;
    }

    /* Close the key database */
    db_deinit();

    ims_common_deinit();
}

/**
 * @brief Generate an FF num for the maximum starting ERRK_P or ERRK_Q
 *
 * Because we don't want to overflow the ERRK P &Q bias calculations, we
 * must ensure that the pre-bias P and Q are no bigger than 2^1024 - (1 + 8192)
 */
void calc_errk_max_pq(void) {
    uint8_t  errk_max_pq_buf[ERRK_PQ_SIZE];
    mcl_octet errk_max_pq = {0, sizeof(errk_max_pq_buf), errk_max_pq_buf};
    int i;

    /* Define the maximal number (2^1024 - 1) as a constant octet */
    for (i = 0; i < errk_max_pq.max; i++) {
        errk_max_pq.val[i] = 0xff;
    }

    /* Convert the octet into an FF */
    MCL_FF_fromOctet_C25519(errk_max_pq_ff, &errk_max_pq, MCL_HFLEN);

    /* Decrement the FF by our threshold. Since we'll be checking in a loop
     * as we continue to increase the bias (and thus P & Q), we can get
     * greedy and stop at (2^1024 - 1) - 2 (i.e., the last increment) instead
     * of (2^1024 - 1) - 8192
     */
    MCL_FF_dec_C25519(errk_max_pq_ff, 2, MCL_HFLEN);
}

/**
 * @brief Write the IMS as an ASCII binarray string
 *
 * Writes the IMS value as a single-line binary array string, MSB-to-LSB
 *
 * @param fp The file to which to write
 * @param epsk The IMS value to write
 *
 * @returns Zero if successful, errno otherwise.
 */
int ims_write(FILE * fp, uint8_t * ims) {
    int status = 0;
    int byte_index;
    int bit;
    uint8_t byte;

#ifdef IMS_DEBUGMSG
    printf("ims_write:\n");
    display_binary_data(ims, IMS_SIZE, true, NULL);
#endif
   if (fp_ims) {
        for (byte_index = IMS_SIZE - 1; byte_index >= 0; byte_index--) {
            byte = ims[byte_index];
            for (bit = 0; bit < 8; bit++) {
                if (fputc((byte & BYTE_MASK_MSB)? '1' : '0', fp) == EOF) {
                    return EIO;
                }
                byte <<= 1;
            }
        }
        if (fputc('\n', fp) == EOF) {
                 return EIO;
        }

        return 0;
    } else {
        return EBADF;
    }
}

/**
 * @brief Generate a candidate IMS value
 *
 * Generates a random IMS value, the lower 32-bits of which will have a
 * Hamming weight of 128.
 *
 * @param ims A pointer to the 35-byte IMS value
 */
static void ims_generate_candidate(uint8_t * ims) {
    int status = 0;
    int i;

    do {
        /* Create a new 35-bit random number... */
        for(i = 0; i < IMS_HAMMING_SIZE; i++) {
            ims[i] = MCL_RAND_byte(&rng);
        }
        /* ...and check the Hamming weight of the lower 32 bytes) */
    } while (hamming_weight(ims, IMS_HAMMING_SIZE) != IMS_HAMMING_WEIGHT);
}

/**
 * @brief Calculate the Endpoint Rsa pRivate Key (ERRK)
 *
 * @param y2 A pointer to the Y2 term used by all
 * @param ims A pointer to the ims (the upper 3 bytes will be modified)
 * @param erpk_mod A pointer to a buffer to store the modulus for ERPK
 * @param errk_d A pointer to a buffer to store the  ERPK decryption exponent
 * @param ims_sample_compatibility If true, generate IMS values that are
 *        compatible with the original (incorrect) 100 sample values sent
 *        to Toshiba 2016/01/14. If false, generate the IMS value using
 *        the correct form.
 *
 * @returns Zero if successful, errno otherwise.
 */
static int calc_errk(uint8_t * y2,
                     uint8_t * ims,
                     mcl_octet * erpk_mod,
                     mcl_octet * errk_d,
                     bool ims_sample_compatibility) {
    int status = 0;
    uint32_t p_bias;
    uint32_t q_bias;
    uint32_t pq_bias;
    MCL_rsa_private_key priv_key = { 0 };
    MCL_rsa_public_key pub_key = { 0 };
    int odd_mod;
    int prime_search_limit;
    uint8_t odd_mod_bitmask;

    /**
     * Define constants based on compatibility with the original 100 IMS samples
     * delivered to Toshiba or the correct production form.
     */
    odd_mod = (ims_sample_compatibility)? ODD_MOD_SAMPLE : ODD_MOD_PRODUCTION;
    prime_search_limit = ((1 << P_Q_BIAS_BITS) * (odd_mod));

    /**
     * Calculate the initial ERRK P & Q values, ensuring that they
     * are odd (3 mod 4)
     *
     *  Y2 = sha256(IMS[0:31] xor copy(0x5a, 32))  // (provided)
     *  Z3 = sha256(Y2 || copy(0x03, 32))
     *  ERRK_P[0:31]   = sha256(Z3 || copy(0x01, 32))
     *  ERRK_P[32:63]  = sha256(Z3 || copy(0x02, 32))
     *  ERRK_P[64:95]  = sha256(Z3 || copy(0x03, 32))
     *  ERRK_P[96:127] = sha256(Z3 || copy(0x41, 32))
     *  ERRK_Q[0:31]   = sha256(Z3 || copy(0x05, 32))
     *  ERRK_Q[32:63]  = sha256(Z3 || copy(0x06, 32))
     *  ERRK_Q[64:95]  = sha256(Z3 || copy(0x07, 32))
     *  ERRK_Q[96:127] = sha256(Z3 || copy(0x8, 32))
     *  ERRK_P[0] |= 0x03    // force P, Q to be odd
     *  ERRK_Q[0] |= 0x03
     *    :
     */
    calc_errk_pq_bias_odd(y2, ims, &errk_p, &errk_q, ims_sample_compatibility);

    /* Convert P & Q into FFs for arithmetic operations */
    if (ims_sample_compatibility) {
        /* Used in first 100 IMS samples */
        ff_from_big_endian_octet(p_ff, &errk_p, MCL_HFLEN);
        ff_from_big_endian_octet(q_ff, &errk_q, MCL_HFLEN);
    } else {
        /* Used subsequent to the first 100 IMS samples */
        ff_from_little_endian_octet(p_ff, &errk_p, MCL_HFLEN);
        ff_from_little_endian_octet(q_ff, &errk_q, MCL_HFLEN);
    }

    /**
     *    :
     *  <ensure ERRK_P & ERRK_Q are within 8192 of being prime>
     *    :
     *
     * Bias ERRK_P & ERRK_Q separately so that they are both prime.
     * We do this by testing them for primality, and if they aren't, then add
     * 2 and test again. Give up when we've swept all 4k possibilities for each
     * without finding a prime number.
     */
    MCL_FF_copy_C25519(priv_key.p, p_ff, MCL_HFLEN);

    for (p_bias = 0;
         p_bias < prime_search_limit;
         p_bias += odd_mod,
         MCL_FF_inc_C25519(priv_key.p, odd_mod, MCL_HFLEN)) {
        if (MCL_FF_comp_C25519(priv_key.p, errk_max_pq_ff, MCL_HFLEN) == 1) {
            /* The sum of P + P_bias will overflow */
            fprintf(stderr, "P would overflow - discard IMS\n");
            break;
        }
        /* Check if P is prime */
        if (MCL_FF_prime_C25519(priv_key.p, &rng, MCL_HFLEN) == 1) {
#ifdef RSA_PQ_FACTORABILITY
            if (ims_sample_compatibility) {
                MCL_FF_copy_C25519(p1, priv_key.p, MCL_HFLEN);
                MCL_FF_dec_C25519(p1, 1, MCL_HFLEN);

                if (MCL_FF_cfactor_C25519(p1, ERPK_EXPONENT, MCL_HFLEN)) {
                    printf("P continue\n");
                    continue;
                }
            }
#endif
           /*
             * Always start with the base value of Q, since the inner loop
             * modifies it.
             */
            MCL_FF_copy_C25519(priv_key.q, q_ff, MCL_HFLEN);

            for (q_bias = 0;
                 q_bias < prime_search_limit;
                 q_bias += odd_mod,
                 MCL_FF_inc_C25519(priv_key.q, odd_mod, MCL_HFLEN)) {
                if (MCL_FF_comp_C25519(priv_key.q, errk_max_pq_ff, MCL_HFLEN) == 1) {
                    /* The sum of Q + Q_bias will overflow */
                    fprintf(stderr, "Q would overflow - discard IMS\n");
                    break;
                }
                /**
                 * P_bias and Q_bias are guaranteed to be >= 0, < 8192, and even.
                 * Divide them by two to get a 12-bit version (< 4096) and pack
                 * them as a 24-bit number as they will be in IMS[32:34]
                 */
                pq_bias = (4096 * (p_bias / odd_mod)) + (q_bias / odd_mod);

#ifdef IMS_PQ_BIAS_HAMMING_BALANCED
                /**
                 * If enabled, reject if PQ bias doesn't have equal numbers
                 * of 1s and 0s.
                 */
                if (hamming_weight((uint8_t *)&pq_bias, 3) !=
                    IMS_PQ_BIAS_HAMMING_WEIGHT) {
                    continue;
                }
#endif
                /* Check if Q is prime */
                if (MCL_FF_prime_C25519(priv_key.q, &rng, MCL_HFLEN) == 1) {
#ifdef RSA_PQ_FACTORABILITY
                    if (ims_sample_compatibility) {
                        MCL_FF_copy_C25519(q1, priv_key.q, MCL_HFLEN);
                        MCL_FF_dec_C25519(q1, 1, MCL_HFLEN);

                        if (MCL_FF_cfactor_C25519(q1, ERPK_EXPONENT, MCL_HFLEN)) {
                            printf("Q continue\n");
                            continue;
                        }
                    }
#endif
                    goto SUCCESS;
                }
            }
        }
        /* If the Q loop ends, no Q + Q_bias was prime, so try next P */
    }
    /**
     * No valid P_bias and Q_bias combo was found within 8192, discard this
     *  IMS and try again
     */
    return EOVERFLOW;

SUCCESS:
    /**
     * When we get here, P and Q are already modified by the bias values
     * and are guaranteed to be prime.
     */

    /* Save the bias offset in IMS[32:34] */
    ims[32] = (uint8_t)(pq_bias);
    ims[33] = (uint8_t)(pq_bias >> 8);
    ims[34] = (uint8_t)(pq_bias >> 16);

    /**
     * Generate the public and private keys
     *    :
     *  ERPK_MOD = ERRK_Q * ERRK_P                 // generate modulus for ERPK
     *  ERPK_E = 65537                             // public exponent
     *  ERRK_D = RSA_secret(ERRK_P, ERK_Q, ERPK_E) // Private decrypt exponent
     *                                             // (unused in IMS creation)
     * On return, the structs are set to the following:
     *   - pub_key.n    ERRPK_MOD (p * q)
     *   - pub_key.e    ERPK_EXPONENT (65537)
     *
     *   - priv_key.p   secret prime p
     *   - priv_key.q   secret prime q
     *   - priv_key.dp  decrypting exponent mod (p-1)
     *   - priv_key.dq  decrypting exponent mod (q-1)
     *   - priv_key.c   1/p mod q
     */
    rsa_secret(&priv_key, &pub_key, ERPK_EXPONENT, ims_sample_compatibility);

    /* Convert the calculated FF nums back into octets for later storage */
    MCL_FF_toOctet_C25519(erpk_mod, pub_key.n, MCL_FFLEN);

    return status;
}

/**
 * @brief Generate an IMS value
 *
 * Generates a unique IMS value, storing it in the IMS output file and
 * the generated EPVK, ERPK and ESVK keys in the key
 * database.
 *
 * @param ims_sample_compatibility If true, generate IMS values that are
 *        compatible with the original (incorrect) 100 sample values sent
 *        to Toshiba 2016/01/14. If false, generate the IMS value using
 *        the correct form.
 *
 * @returns Zero if successful, errno otherwise.
 */
int ims_generate(bool ims_sample_compatibility) {
    int status = 0;
    int epvk_status;
    int esvk_status;

    /* Generate a cryptographiclly good IMS value */
    do {
        /* Find a unique IMS value */
        do {
            ims_generate_candidate(ims);
            calculate_epuid_es3(ims, &ep_uid);
         } while (db_ep_uid_exists(&ep_uid));

        /* Calculate "Y2", used in generating EPSK, MPDK, ERRK, EPCK, ERGS */
        calculate_y2(ims, y2);

        /**
         * Calculate ERRK from that IMS (returns EOVERFLOW if we need to spin
         * a new IMS)
         */
        status = calc_errk(y2, ims, &erpk_mod, &errk_d,
                           ims_sample_compatibility);

        if (status == 0) {
            /* Calculate EPSK/EPVK and  ESSK/ESVK from the confirmed-valid IMS */
            calc_epsk(y2, &epsk);
            epvk_status = calc_epvk(&epsk, &epvk);
            calc_essk(y2, &essk, ims_sample_compatibility);
            esvk_status = calc_esvk(&essk, &esvk);
            /**
             * For the first 100 samples, we didn't check epvk or esvk
             * generation status. In a production environment, we do, and
             * if either one fails, we discard the IMS.
             */
            if (!ims_sample_compatibility &&
                    ((epvk_status != 0) || (esvk_status != 0))) {
                status = -1;
            }
        }
    } while (status != 0);

    /**
     * Write the IMS value to the IMS file and the various keys and magic
     * numbers to the database
     */
    if (status == 0){
        status = ims_write(fp_ims, ims);
    }
    if (status == 0){
        status = db_add_keyset(&ep_uid, &epvk, &esvk, &erpk_mod);
    }

    return status;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Published 04/24/2019 10:27:59 am at 04/24/2019 10:27:59 am in Coffee Press Single Cup.
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So, I finally got round to watching Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children! The trailer looked really really good, and I was really excited to see it! I had some minor doubts, such as them changing Emma's ability in the movie, but in the end, I went.
It stuck to the book (mostly) which I was glad about. Okay, I lied a tiny bit. The ending was not at all like the book, which threw me off a bit. I thought it was going to cut off when Jake was being dramatic with his "I've got a plan" line, but then it continued.
I loved how Tim Burton could easily maintain the eerie and slightly creepy atmosphere of the book. Every moment was thrilling to me.
Emma's ability switch from fire (books) to air (movie) wasn't that bad. It wasn't absolutely critical to the movie for Emma to have her air ability, but it was quite useful a number of times.
This film was a nice break from all the action-dystopia movies we get in the YA film adaptation category these days.
Yeah I was also unsure how Emma's changed power would work out but it turned out really well! You're right, I didn't think of the colour scheme that way! Vibrant and colourful with the Peculiars, but dull and grey back in the boring world. That's cool!
I would like to see the movie eventually!! I didn't actually love the books or anything?? Which is bad of me hehe, but I think anything Tim Burton does is AMAZING and I love love looooove the cast already. It looks so beautiful in all the previous!
Tim Burton is the best!! I hope you get round to watching it one day - it doesn't disappoint!


140,000 people. Over 50 countries. A long tradition of innovation that remains at the heart of the business today. These are just a few of the things that make us a major global financial services provider. But it's our future ambitions and the actions we're taking to achieve them that truly sets us apart.
We're setting out to shape the future of our business. Driven by strong values and a clear direction, we're focusing on one core purpose: Helping people achieve their ambitions – in the right way. This includes our graduates and interns.
Barclays offers a remarkable breadth of opportunities for students, undergraduates, graduates and postgraduates right across our business. There are openings in Corporate and Investment Banking, Retail and Business Banking and Wealth and Investment Management, as well as a host of crucial business support functions such as Technology, HR and Marketing. Applications are welcome from graduates from all disciplines.
Graduates are playing their part in change right across Barclays. So as well as a strong academic record and a commercial outlook, you'll need to be ready to help drive the business forward. As you do, you'll take your own career forward too.
The Graduate Programme is our key future talent stream and new joiners will typically enjoy early exposure to business-critical projects, gaining valuable experience as they work alongside senior managers as valued members of the team.
The programme kicks off with a comprehensive introduction to Barclays products and services, offering a thorough grounding in the financial markets, and continues with a range of presentations, case studies and workshops. Graduates can also expect to undertake role-specific training and one-on-one mentoring.
Most of our internships last for 9 weeks over the summer, although we do have off-cycle opportunities too, for up to six months in duration. In all cases, you'll find yourself at the heart of the action. You'll gain real experience in a real role, working on anything from live transactions and marketing projects to research and analysis, according to the business area you join. As well as benefiting from extensive training before and during the programme, you'll have regular opportunities to network with intern colleagues, recent graduates and senior members of the firm.
Our Spring Programmes give first-year students (or second years on four-year courses) incredible early insights into a career in the financial world. There are a number of specific programmes on offer, each of which is an intensive week of work shadowing, workshops, interactive skill sessions and senior-level networking. At the end of it, you'll have a clear picture of what we do – and the opportunities we have to offer.


The countdown is on! With only five months until the kick-off of Pride Toronto, the city's most vibrant and inclusive arts and cultural festival and North America's largest Pride celebration, preparations are well underway to deliver the most dynamic, inclusive and expansive programming ever.
Canada's first-ever Pride Month will launch on June 1, 2016, featuring extended programming and provocative events throughout the city, culminating with the 10-day Pride Toronto festival, June 24 – July 3. Pride Month will begin with its inaugural city proclamation and the raising of the Rainbow flag at Toronto City Hall, set to occur for the first-time at the beginning of June.
Pride Toronto's major cultural partners will offer expanded installations, festivals and programs. Signature events delivered by prominent institutions like the Art Gallery of Ontario, Buddies In Bad Times Theatre, Inside Out, the Royal Ontario Museum, OCAD University, Ryerson University and the University of Toronto will spark meaningful conversations with new audiences across the city. Leading community partners include The 519 Community Centre and PFLAG Canada.
On July 3, 2016, Pride Toronto will make Canadian history with the first time a sitting Prime Minister participates in the annual Pride Parade. Come and join the leaders of the municipal, provincial and federal government who have the Parade in their calendars already — Toronto Mayor John Tory, Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.
On the 35th anniversary of the infamous Bathhouse Raids that incited mass protests and spurred the development of Pride in Toronto, Pride Month and the Pride Toronto festival will reflect on the community's victories since 1981 and explore the issues that still require change, commitment and focus.
Pride Toronto is on track to make the 2016 Guinness Book of World Records and claim the title of the World's Largest Drag Queen Stage Show from the Gay Softball World Series in Columbus, Ohio, which set the record in 2014 with 55 participants. Don't miss DRAG ON! — the marathon extravaganza at Yonge-Dundas Square on July 2.
The final weekend of the 2016 Pride Toronto festival will vaunt exquisite beauty and art with an immersive Middle Eastern cultural performance on Pride Toronto's stage. For the Canada Day festivities, extend a warm, patriotic welcome to newly arrived queer Syrian refugees.
Pride Toronto's 2016 festival will run Friday, June 24 – Sunday, July 3, 2016. Pride's 2016 festival theme, honourees, artists and additional signature events will be announced shortly.
In a year of progress and transformation with Executive Director Mathieu Chantelois, Pride Toronto released its 2016-2021 strategic plan, Beyond 20/20, and currently boasts its largest-ever Trans representation on the Board of Directors.
Download the strategic plan and annual report and learn more at www.PrideToronto.com.