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Conservation groups say Washington's system is broken
By NICHOLAS K. GERANIOS Of the Associated Press
SPOKANE — Gov. Jay Inslee has directed the Washington Fish and Wildlife Commission to draft new rules governing the killing of wolves involved in conflicts with livestock, a move winning praise from conservation groups.
The Democrat on Friday reversed the commission's denial of a petition filed by the Center for Biological Diversity in May that called for reform of the state's wolf-management policies. He wrote in a letter to the commission that the potential for future conflicts between wolves and livestock, and the resulting killing of wolves, was unacceptably high.
"We must move more quickly and decisively to institute practices that will avoid the repeated loss of wolves and livestock in our state,'' Inslee said.
He directed the commission to create a standardized definition and requirements for the use of range riders. He also wants requirements for use of nonlethal deterrents, plans for areas of chronic livestock attacks to end the need for annual lethal removal of wolves.
"I strongly believe new rules and policies could, and should, be adopted and in place prior to the grazing season next year," Inslee said.
Conservation groups praised the action. "The governor's decision to approve this petition is a necessary step in cleaning up the mess the department has made of wolf management," said Jocelyn Leroux, Washington and Montana director for Western Watersheds Project.
Sophia Ressler, an attorney with the Center for Biological Diversity, called it "a tremendous victory for Washington's wolves and all of us who have been speaking out against the state's relentless wolf-killing."
Donny Martorello, a wolf specialist with Fish and Wildlife, said the wolf management process produces plenty of conflict.
"It's a very contentious issue with little middle ground,'' Martorello said. "You see that across the nation where there are wolves.''
The agency years ago created a special Wolf Advisory Group made up of stakeholders from all sides of the wolf issue, but there are still some groups that don't want to compromise, he said.
The number of wolf packs in the state continues to rise, and the vast majority do not kill livestock, Martorello said. A rancher who is a member of the Wolf Advisory Group said changes were needed.
The current plan does not account for the declining population of deer and other ungulates that provide food for wolves in the wild, which has knocked the predator-prey relationship out of balance, said Samee Charriere, who ranches near Clarkston.
"The plan has no way to account for locally dense wolf populations,'' Charriere said. "Therefore there are areas of the state that have reached recovery and need additional management tools.''
The state has killed 34 wolves since 2012, most of them for livestock conflicts in the Kettle River Range, an area of prime wolf habitat. Twenty-nine of the wolves killed have been for the benefit of the same rancher.
Wolves were exterminated in Washington by the 1930s, but they began returning to the state from Idaho and British Columbia early this century. Most live in sparsely-populated northeastern Washington state.
The DFW estimates the state's wolf population grew to 145 animals in 26 packs in 2019. But the rate of growth in the number of wolves has slowed substantially in recent years, the Center for Biological Diversity said.
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has ended Endangered Species Act protection for wolves in the eastern third of the state. Under state law, wolves are listed as endangered throughout Washington.
That didn't prevent the state from wiping out all three members of the so-called Wedge Pack in August for the second time since 2012. The DFW has also ordered that some members of the Togo and Leadpoint packs be killed, hoping that will change the behavior of the survivors.
Environmentalists say the problem is that wolves are being killed in prime habitat regions, which are almost immediately re-colonized by other wolves that begin preying on the same livestock.
It's an endless cycle, said Sophia Ressler, an attorney for the Center for Biological Diversity. "Killing wolves does not solve any problems.''
Instead, the state should focus on hiring more range riders, using lights, removing dead or injured livestock, and other non-lethal methods to keep wolves away from cattle, she said.
"We need to work toward co-existence with these creatures,'' Ressler said. "These wolves shouldn't be gunned down just for trying to feed their families.''
Environmentalists contend range riders are needed for longer periods of time in country shared by wolves and cattle. The DFW also relies on livestock producers to remove sick or injured livestock from fields, a process that can take weeks.
That "amounts to baiting wolves," Leroux said.
The DFW also recently removed a vocal wolf advocate from the Wolf Advisory Group for disagreeing with the department's choices, conservation groups said.
Tim Coleman of Republic had served on the advisory group since 2015 and is the executive director of Kettle Range Conservation Group. The Department of Fish and Wildlife cited his participation in lawsuits, protests, interviews and other activities critical of the agency for his removal.
Coleman said he was "devastated" by his dismissal, which he blamed in part on the livestock industry. "I was often the only voice speaking for those who believe wolves have a right to live in our state's forests," he said.
Source: https://lmtribune.com/northwest/environmentalists-praise-inslee-s-wolf-program-directive/article_174cac2c-f79d-55a8-9cf5-6ab7bcd12cc6.html
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CA NWT: Resource board calls on N.W.T. to end controversial aerial wolf cull
WI: Gray wolf once more under state management, allowing lethal control
CA BC: New mini-documentary shot on Vancouver Island echoes the 'call of the coastal wolves'
MT: True Wild: The Real Story Of Wolves On Ted Turner's Montana Ranch
MN: Wolf conservation continues to be a DNR priority
OR: The fate of Oregon's gray wolves is now in the state's hands
OR: Gray wolves delisted, remain protected in Oregon
SD: IT'S OPEN WOLF SEASON IN SOUTH DAKOTA
WI: Gray Wolves No Longer Federally Protected by Endangered Species Act
WOLF HUNTING COMES TO WISCONSIN
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After a rollercoaster twenty-five year career as an artist, curator and tastemaker, James Lavelle returns with UNKLE's fifth studio album, The Road: Part 1 - a collection of fifteen new UNKLE tracks inspired by his curation of 2014's Meltdown Festival at Southbank, their most successful to date. Following a technical error at the manufacturing plant, The Road: Part 1 will now be released on August 18th.
The Road: Part 1 is a collective creative venture with musicians including London folk-rock artist and poet Keaton Henson, Primal Scream's Andrew Innes, The Duke Spirit's Liela Moss, long-time UNKLE collaborator Mark Lanegan and Mercury prize nominee ESKA. Lavelle also found new friends and collaborators in Queens of the Stone Age drummer Jon Theodore and Beck drummer Justin Stanley, who make definitive contributions throughout the record.
Recorded in UK, Europe and Los Angeles' Pink Duck Studios, The Road: Part 1 is the product of a desire to create something fresh and innovative, that also celebrates the rich history of UNKLE, and showcases a new wave of talent such as Elliott Power, Mïnk and YSEÉ. The album also features long-term collaborators Philip Sheppard, Chris Goss, Twiggy and Troy Van Leeuwen. Lavelle set out to make a record that tapped into the multicultural landscape of modern London. His mission was to unite the eclectic mix of ideas, cultures and genres under the UNKLE umbrella and create something unique.
James Lavelle praises the role of collaboration, and its importance at the core of the project: "I hadn't made a record in a long time, and the incarnation of UNKLE had changed in that now, it was me on my own. For that reason, I wanted to make a record that I hadn't been able to before, going back to the roots of where I came from, with a foot in modern London." In July 2016, UNKLE released their first single in seven years. Lavelle teamed up with Elliott Power, Mïnk and YSEÉ for the gospel infused "Cowboys or Indians". Followed by "Sick Lullaby" in February 2017, his second collaboration with Keaton Henson. "Sick Lullaby" is tender and cinematic, a beautiful lullaby that empowers Henson's delicate vocals.
Creative visual collaborations are a core part of the immersive experience of UNKLE. The importance of the visual experience is an integral part of 'The Road: Part 1' and its story. Following the immense success of his critically acclaimed exhibition Daydreaming with Stanley Kubrick last summer at Somerset House, Lavelle continued his collaborative relationship with esteemed artists throughout the creation of The Road: Part 1. This includes cinematic and thought-provoking official videos from artists and visionaries including Warren Du Preez and Nick Thornton Jones (Cowboys or Indians, Sick Lullaby); Norbert Schroener (The Road), and many more to be revealed.
Watch the official video for the album's title track "The Road", directed by German filmmaker Norbert Schoerner, The collaboration follows from Schoerner's involvement with James Lavelle's Daydreaming with Stanley Kubrick exhibition. The footage was filmed by using a drone to explore the stark American wilderness. Norbert Schoerner and James Lavelle have created a film that in Schoerner's own words "describes the ever present conflict between natural landscape and human progress". The masterfully curated list of visual collaborators extends to the physical release of The Road: Part 1. The cover art is from a painting by German contemporary artist Jonas Burgert. The 36-page booklet features artwork by contemporary luminaries including Turner Prize nominee Nathan Coley, John Isaacs, David Nicholson, Norbert Schoerner, Doug Foster, Warren Du Preez and Nick Thornton Jones. It was designed by James Lavelle and up-and-coming designer George Stewart-Lockhart.
In the twenty years since UNKLE's debut album Psyence Fiction, Lavelle has been prolific. He created four studio albums with UNKLE (Psyence Fiction, Never Never Land, War Stories and Where Did The Night Fall), a host of critically-acclaimed film scores, and curated a series of art exhibitions through Daydreaming With... most notably, the hugely successful Daydreaming With Stanley Kubrick exhibition at Somerset House, and his latest exhibition Daydreaming with UNKLE Presents THE ROAD: SOHO. The Daydreaming with... exhibitions are inspired by the desire to marry music and the visual arts and aim to create a unique and multi-sensory experience, unprecedented by museum exhibitions or music festivals.
Whilst The Road: Part 1 may be their fifth studio album, it is in many ways a new beginning. With shows booked throughout the year in the UK (and hopefully some U.S. dates to be announced) and The Road: Part 2 already in the making, it feels that even after 25 years, the road for UNKLE has only just begun.


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There was a simple-mindedness to that brief and shining era. Young people actually thought they could change the world — without doing anything except making love, making music and making themselves one with the universe by smoking pot and tripping on the LSD.
One result of this was that nothing really happened — many forces merged and met to force the end of the war in Vietnam and the enactment of legislation to protect the rights of minorities and women, but it had little to do with the hippies and wannabees panhandling for coins at the corner of Asbury and Haight.
Another result of the Summer of Love was music by psychedelic rock groups with names like Strawberry Alarm Clock and the 13th Floor Elevators.
And guys like Scott McKenzie, who really seemed to possess a sweet and sincere belief in the power of love when he sang his song — co-written with John Phillips of the Mamas the Papas — urging young people to come to San Francisco and to be sure to wear a flower in the hair….
There was a dark underbelly to the so-called Summer of Love: Lots of runaway kids with no place to live and no food to eat; lots off sexual violence and teen pregnancies, lots of drug burnouts. George Harrison of the Beatles visited to check out the San Francisco scene, attracted in part by the peaceful vibe emanating from McKenzie's song. But mystical Beatle got the hell out of there when he looked around and realized, very quickly, that all was not incense and peppermints….that there was plenty to hate about the reality of the Haight.
Still, though, sappy lyrics and all, Scott McKenzie's song stirs a sweet nostalgia, a longing for a simple time of beautiful swirling twirling dreamers with stars in the eyes and flowers in their hair.


text:
\section{Introduction}
The \ac{IMF} is the distribution of stars per unit of mass formed in a volume of space within a single star-formation event. Since the mass of a star determines its subsequent evolutionary path, the \ac{IMF} influences all the observable properties of a stellar system.
In addition, the \ac{IMF} slope at the low-mass end modifies the stellar mass-to-light ratio value in any galaxy. In fact, low-mass stars account for more than half of the mass budget while they contribute very little to the integrated luminosity of a galaxy dominated by an old stellar population \citep[see, e.g., Fig.~2 in ][]{2012ApJ...747...69C}.
This makes the characterization of the low-mass \ac{IMF} slope from integrated light a challenging task, but crucial to assess the relative contribution of stars and dark matter,  and to understand their relative distribution in the baryon-dominated inner galaxy regions.

In the last decade, a large number of studies reported that the low-mass end of the \ac{IMF} slope in massive \ac{ETGs} is bottom-heavier (i.e. dwarf-richer) in relation to the IMF inferred in the Milky Way (MW), as indicated by a variety of methods, such as stellar populations, gravitational lensing and dynamics \citep[see][]{2003MNRAS.339L..12C, 2010Natur.468..940V, Treu+10, 2012ApJ...760...71C, 2012ApJ...753L..32S,2014MNRAS.438.1483S, 2012Natur.484..485C,  2013MNRAS.433.3017L, 2017MNRAS.464.3597L}.
However, a general consensus on which physical quantity is really responsible for the non-universality of the IMF is far from being reached. The stellar velocity dispersion \citep{2012Natur.484..485C, 2014MNRAS.438.1483S}, the total mass density \citep{Spiniello+15}, the metallicity \citep{2015ApJ...806L..31M}, the magnesium abundance \citep{2017MNRAS.464.3597L}, the age and the $\alpha$-element abundance \citep{2014ApJ...792L..37M} have been investigated so far.

More recently, spatially resolved studies have found that the bottom-heavy \ac{IMF} is concentrated in the innermost region of galaxies \citep{2015MNRAS.447.1033M, 2017ApJ...841...68V, 2018MNRAS.478.4084S, 2018MNRAS.477.3954P,2018MNRAS.479.2443V, 2019MNRAS.489.4090L}, indicating that also local properties, not only global, may drive variation in the low-mass end of the \ac{IMF}. These findings are particularly interesting in the context of the two-phase formation scenario \citep{2009ApJ...699L.178N, 2010ApJ...725.2312O, 2012MNRAS.425.3119H, 2016MNRAS.458.2371R, 2020arXiv200901823P}, as the center is where the \textit{in situ} population, formed during the first phase of the mass assembly dominates the light.

The majority of massive \ac{ETGs} shows mostly flat or falling stellar velocity dispersion ($\sigma_*$) profiles \citep{1995ApJ...438..539F, 1996AJ....112..797S, 1999MNRAS.307..131C, 2007MNRAS.378.1507B, 2014MNRAS.445L..79E}.
Consequently, the IMF has always been measured to be bottom-heavy in the region where the $\sigma_*$ profile had the central peak. The same holds for the $[\alpha$/Fe] abundance, which is often larger in the center than in the outer regions. Thus it has not been possible until now to assess independently whether the spatial variation of the low-mass end of the IMF is driven by the kinematics (i.e. the IMF is dwarf-rich wherever $\sigma_{\star}$ is high), the stellar populations (i.e. the IMF is dwarf-rich when the metallicity/[$\alpha$/Fe] is super solar)
or rather by other mechanisms linked to the intense, early star formation (i.e. the IMF is dwarf-rich in the innermost region, where the \textit{in situ} stars dominate, despite of the local kinematics).

In this context, NGC~3311, the central galaxy of the Hydra~I cluster, is a perfect ``laboratory'' to disentangle between these scenarios, having both a $\sigma_{\star}$ and a $[\alpha$/Fe] profile rising with increasing galactocentric distances\footnote{We note that few other massive galaxies with rising $\sigma_*$ profiles exist, see e.g. \citet{2017MNRAS.464..356V}.}, while the total metallicity is instead higher in the center \citep[][hereafter B16]{2016A&A...589A.139B}. The very peculiar profiles in NGC~3311 are the results of the presence of multiple components with distinct kinematics and stellar populations, as we show in detail in the companion paper MUSE Paintbox I (Barbosa et al.~2020, hereafter B20). There we performed a fully Bayesian, full-spectral fitting analysis on high signal-to-noise MUSE spectra and obtained accurate spatially resolved measurements of light-weighted age, metallicity ([Z/H]), $\alpha$-element abundance ($[\alpha$/Fe]) and IMF slope ($\Gamma_b$).
We refer the reader to B20 for more details about the stellar population modeling.
Here we focus mainly on the low mass-end of the IMF slope and its possible correlations with the other kinematical and stellar population parameters. We note that the spatially resolved stellar population properties of NGC~3311 cover a range of metallicities, [$\alpha$/Fe] abundances and $\sigma_{\star}$ that would allow us to observe IMF gradients and correlations, assuming the IMF depends on these parameters, in line with previous studies.

\section{What drives the IMF variations?}
\label{sec:imf}

In B20, we use the E-MILES \citep{2016MNRAS.463.3409V} stellar population (SP) models with a ``bimodal'' IMF \citep{1996ApJS..106..307V}, which is obtained by changing the high-mass end ($M \gtrsim 0.6M_{\odot}$) power-law slope ($\Gamma_b$).
The \ac{IMF} is then normalized to $1M_\odot$, as more massive stars are already dead in old stellar populations, hence a change in the $\Gamma_b$ slope can be interpreted as a change in the ratio between stars with masses above and below $0.6M_\odot$.
In practice, we are constraining the "present-day" mass function between $0.1$ and $1$ solar masses.

In the next sections, we try to understand what are the possible physical causes for the non-universality of the \ac{IMF} in NGC~3311, as well as in other massive ETGs.
To this purpose, we compare the results from NGC~3311 (obtained in B20,
shown in all figures as data-points color-coded by distance from the center) with those obtained globally across different galaxies (dashed lines in all plots) and spatially within one or more objects (solid lines in all plots).

\begin{figure}[!t]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{imf_sigma.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{imf_Z.pdf}
\caption{IMF slope ($\Gamma_b$) versus stellar velocity dispersion ($\sigma_{\star}$, \textit{upper panel}), and total metallicity ([Z/H], \textit{bottom panel}). Blue circles indicate data-points for NGC~3311, colored according to the galactocentric distance. For other works, solid lines refer to local variations within galaxies (with a symbol indicating the center of the objects), and dashed lines refer to global variation across galaxies.}
\label{fig:imf_sigma_Z}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Correlations that do not hold for NGC~3311}
\label{sec:not_drivers}
The stellar velocity dispersion has been one of the first ``drivers'' proposed to explain the bottom-heaviness of the IMF both across different galaxies \citep{2010Natur.468..940V, Treu+10, 2012ApJ...760...71C,2012Natur.484..485C, 2014MNRAS.438.1483S} and within individual objects \citep{2015MNRAS.447.1033M, 2018MNRAS.478.4084S, 2019MNRAS.489.4090L}. However, recent indications have aroused questioning the IMF-$\sigma_{\star}$ relation, mainly based on the fact that the spatial gradients of the two quantities were often very different in radial extension (e.g. \citealt{2018MNRAS.478.4084S}).
But, above all, the IMF slope has never been measured in galaxies with rising $\sigma_*$ and [$\alpha$/Fe] profiles like NGC~3311.

In the upper panel of  Figure~\ref{fig:imf_sigma_Z}, we decidedly show that a direct linear correlation between the IMF bottom-heaviness and $\sigma_{\star}$
does not hold for NGC~3311. There, we compare the results of B20 with those obtained for M87 \citep[red line, ][]{2018MNRAS.478.4084S}, and from a sample of MaNGA \citep{2015ApJ...798....7B} galaxies, stacked in three mass bins  \citep[green lines, ][]{2018MNRAS.477.3954P}.  We also show the global results obtained in \citet{2013MNRAS.433.3017L} based on a spectroscopic study on a large sample ($\sim24000$) of ETGs from the SPIDER Survey \citep{2009arXiv0912.4547L}, performed with the same stellar population models (and the same IMF) used in B20.
While a clear direct correlation is visible for all previous studies, a mild anti-correlation is inferred for NGC~3311, with the IMF slope being more bottom-heavy for points with lower $\sigma_{\star}$. However, the IMF is dwarf-rich in the center of NGC~3311. As we will further show in the next section, all the results support a conjecture where the innermost region of massive galaxies is characterized by a dwarf-rich IMF, despite their kinematical properties.

Another parameter that has been reported to correlate directly with the IMF slope is the total metallicity ([Z/H],  \citealt{2015ApJ...806L..31M}).
Tentatively, a correlation can be seen for NGC~3311 in the lower panel of Figure~\ref{fig:imf_sigma_Z}, which is in agreement with the global results presented by the CALIFA Collaboration in \citet{2015ApJ...806L..31M}, and with the spatially resolved results obtained for M87 and the MaNGA stacked galaxies. These observational results suggest that the IMF is bottom-heavy for a more metal-rich population.
Although we reproduce this relation, we also show that the slope of the correlation is almost perfectly aligned with the mean posterior distribution between the two parameters obtained in B20, shown as an ellipsoidal dashed line in the Figure. Therefore, there is strong ground to believe that the relation is at least partially due to an observational degeneracy between the two plotted quantities. \footnote{This evidence reinforces the importance of committing to a fully Bayesian approach and carefully inspecting the posterior probability results, not simply as a way to determine point estimates and uncertainties, but also as a tool to understand our limitations from an observational perspective.}

Furthermore, from a theoretical perspective, simulations have demonstrated that the trends predicted by the IMF-[Z/H] correlation fail to reproduce the general trend observed between the iron and $\alpha$-element abundance \citep{2019MNRAS.482..118G}. Finally, we also note that other recent observational results \citep[e.g.,][]{2019A&A...626A.124M} indicate that the metallicity does not trace the \ac{IMF} in spatially resolved observations\footnote{The results in \citet{2019A&A...626A.124M} suggest that, at least for the galaxy FCC 167, the metallicity track the distribution of cold orbits whereas the IMF slope that of warm orbits.}.

\subsection{Correlations that do hold for NGC~3311}
\label{sec:drivers}
In Figure~\ref{fig:relations} we plot the observed relations between the IMF slope and radius (normalized by $R_e$, top panel), stellar age (middle panel) and surface stellar density (bottom panel).
As in the previous figures, we compare the data points showing the results on NGC~3311 (obtained in B20) with lines showing the relations reported in the literature.
Interestingly, these three plots support the following evidence: despite the different kinematical properties of the galaxies' central regions, the IMF is always dwarf-rich within the innermost few kilo-parsecs. There, according to the so-called two-phase formation scenario, the old and very dense ``red-nugget'' formed during the first phase of the mass assembly dominates the light.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{imf_Re.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{imf_T.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{imf_logSigma.pdf}
\caption{The IMF spatial gradient (\textit{upper panel}), and the correlation between $\Gamma_b$ and the stellar age (\textit{middle panel}) and between $\Gamma_b$ and the total stellar density (\textit{bottom panel}), all pointing towards the result that the IMF slope is bottom-heavy only for the "in situ" stars, formed at very high redshift from the first-phase of the two phase formation scenario. }
\label{fig:relations}
\end{figure}

In line with what has been suggested by other authors \citep{2017ApJ...841...68V, 2019A&A...626A.124M, 2020ARA&A..58..577S}, we, therefore, argue that the excess of dwarf stars may have originated from the first phase of galaxy formation
in the early Universe, characterized by high density, temperature, and turbulence of the gas. These are, according to theoretical works \citep{2012MNRAS.423.2037H, 2014ApJ...796...75C}, key parameters driving the fragmentation of molecular clouds (higher density and temperature should make the fragmentation easier, forming more dwarf stars, i.e. a bottom-heavier IMF)\footnote{Very recently a further parameter has been advocated by \citet[]{2020MNRAS.498.4051D}: the abundance of deuterium in the birth clouds of forming stars}.
Later accretions of less massive satellites with an "MW-like" IMF (because formed later on, under less extreme temperature and density conditions), would settle preferentially in the galaxy periphery due to the lower densities and masses of the accreted systems and thus create spatial IMF gradient \citep{2017A&A...603A..38S, 2020arXiv200901823P}\footnote{In NGC~3311, the later mass accretion scenario is supported by the rising velocity dispersion profile that has been considered as the ``smoking gun''  of recent accretion of low-mass systems, dominating the dispersion scatter and leading to larger $\sigma_{\star}$ at larger distances \citep{2018A&A...619A..70H}.}.
Finally, our findings are consistent with those reported in \citet{2012ApJ...760...71C} and \citet{2019MNRAS.489.4090L},
who found that the IMF becomes increasingly bottom-heavy when either the star formation timescale becomes shorter (see \S\ref{sec:alpha}),  or the surface density and/or the interstellar medium pressure increase.

\subsection{The (apparently) puzzling case of the [$\alpha$/Fe] abundance}
\label{sec:alpha}

According to the scenario described above, and in line with the results of B20, the central core of NGC~3311 is a "red-nugget" that formed its stars under extreme conditions.
Such a short star formation time-scale would lead to a high [$\alpha$/Fe] abundance \citep{2005ApJ...621..673T}.
This is explained by the fact that the star formation quenching took place before the Type Ia supernova explosions were able to pollute the interstellar medium with iron.

The $\alpha$-abundance of stars in the innermost region of NGC~3311 is not extremely high ($0.08\pm0.02$, B20). In principle, this might question our conclusions that the stars in the core of NGC~3311 have been formed via a burst during the first phase of the two-phase scenario and with a dwarf-rich IMF. However, as showed in Fig~8 of B20, the NCG~3311 core requires a very large [Mg/Fe] ($>0.3$), which is, in practice,  what was measured in \citet{2005ApJ...621..673T}, since they derived [$\alpha$/Fe] from the absorption line indices Mg$b$ and $\langle$Fe$\rangle$.
The same is valid for the measurements performed in \citet{ 2014ApJ...792L..37M}, which also proposed a direct global correlation between the IMF slope and the [$\alpha$/Fe] but actually measured [Mg/Fe] instead\footnote{We refer the reader to B20 for more details about the different weight one gives to the $\alpha$-elements when using line-index or when using full spectral fitting.}.
Hence, once again, the direct correlation found between the IMF slope and the [$\alpha$/Fe] (or, more exactly, [Mg/Fe]) in other ETGs, e.g. M87, is found because for the majority of the massive ETGs the region where the [Mg/Fe] is maximum spatially coincide with the region where the \textit{in-situ} pristine population of stars dominates the light.
We can now prove such a statement thanks to the unusual mass assembly of NGC~3311 (see B20 for more details), which caused an inverse $\alpha$-element profile. In fact, in our case, $\Gamma_b$ decreases when [$\alpha$/Fe] increases, as shown in  Figure~\ref{fig:alphafe}. We stress that the offset between our results and those of \citet{2018MNRAS.478.4084S} and \citet{2018MNRAS.477.3954P} is due to the fact that we measure variations in all the $\alpha$-elements, rather than only Mg. The [Mg/Fe] in the innermost region of NGC~3311 is indeed large (see \citealt{2018A&A...609A..78B} and B20), thus these stars are compatible with having been formed via a burst of star formation. Finally, we note that the large $[\alpha$/Fe] measured in the galactic halo of NGC~3311 is not caused by the fact that these stars have been formed at high-z "in situ" via a burst, but rather by the late accretion of previously quenched satellites (see B20 for more details).

In conclusion, all evidence points consistently to the fact that the IMF is dwarf-rich when stars are formed through a high-z intense and brief star formation episode.

\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{imf_alphaFe.pdf}
\caption{IMF slope - [$\alpha$/Fe] relation. For NGC~3311 (blue points) these two quantities are anti-correlated. This is the opposite of what happens for M87 (red). However, we stress that in B20 we used full-spectral fitting, rather than line-indices as in \citet{2018MNRAS.478.4084S} for M87, thus measuring a different quantity (from indices one is much more sensitive to Mg than to the "bulk" changes in all $\alpha$ elements). Note that the [$\alpha$/Fe] estimates obtained in \citet{2018A&A...609A..78B} from the same data but using line-indices imply a high value, which would shift the blue data-points towards the red and green lines. The situation is much more complicated for the results based on MaNGA (green lines) where different galaxies, with possibly different  $[\alpha$/Fe] profiles are stacked together. }
\label{fig:alphafe}
\end{figure}

\section{Summary and Conclusion}
\label{sec:conclusion}
In this letter, we used spatially resolved kinematical and stellar populations results from NGC~3311, the central galaxy of the Hydra~I cluster to address the question of whether the relations between the low-mass end of the IMF slope and kinematical ($\sigma_{\star}$) or stellar population (age, [Z/H], [$\alpha/$Fe]) parameters are real, physically motivated relations.
We find that the IMF-$\sigma_{\star}$ relation is mainly a spatial coincidence arising from the fact that the majority of massive \ac{ETGs} show a $\sigma_{\star}$ profile that is peaked in the center likely because of violent relaxation \citep{2012MNRAS.425.3119H}. This is not true for NGC~3311, but its core IMF is nonetheless bottom heavy.
The strength of the IMF-metallicity direct correlation may instead be augmented by the degeneracy between $\Gamma_b$ and [Z/H], as addressed more extensively in the companion paper Barbosa et al. 2020.

We also presented our arguments in support of a two-phase formation scenario with two IMF with different low-mass end slope for the two distinct phases, as suggested by \citet{2020ARA&A..58..577S}. This scenario is able to reconcile all the different observational and theoretical evidence in a spatially resolved sense, within a single galaxy, as well as in a "global" sense on large galaxy samples.
Studying the IMF spatial gradients and the relation linking its slope $\Gamma_b$ to the stellar age and that between $\Gamma_b$ and stellar surface density, we explain the bottom-heaviness of the IMF as characteristics of the "relic" nucleus which was formed during the first phase, at very high-z in a violent, short, star formation episode ($\tau\sim 100 {\rm Myr , \,\, SFR} \ge 10^{3} {\rm M}_{\odot} {\rm yr}^{-1}$).
The accreted stellar component,  which dominates the light budget at larger galactocentric radii and was formed under less extreme and more time-extended star formation episodes (second phase), is instead described by a standard, ``MW-like'' IMF.

This version of the two-phase formation scenario naturally explains the radial IMF gradients recently reported for ``normal'' massive ETGs, but the very recent results obtained on ``relic galaxies'' provide further, independent support to this idea. Relics are rare local ultra-compact massive red and dead galaxies, which missed the second phase of accretion, thus evolving passively and unperturbed after the first burst of star formation. Since they missed this second phase, relics would have a bottom-heavy IMF everywhere, which is exactly what has been reported by \citet{2015MNRAS.451.1081M} and \citet{2017MNRAS.467.1929F}  on the only three relics systems for which spatially resolved stellar population analysis has been performed so far. The outlook is bright, thanks to the newly started \mbox{{\tt INSPIRE}} Project \citep{2020arXiv201105347S} which aims at confirming a larger number of relics at $z<0.5$ and precisely infer their IMF slope thanks to high signal-to-noise ratio X-Shooter spectra.

\vspace{1cm}
\begin{acknowledgements}
The authors wish to acknowledge the anonymous referee for the constructive report.  The authors acknowledge C. Mendes de Oliveira for discussions and suggestions. CEB gratefully acknowledges the S\~ao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), grants 2011/51680-6,  2016/12331-0, 2018/24389-8.  CS is supported by a Hintze Fellowship at the Oxford Centre for Astrophysical Surveys, which is funded through generous support from the Hintze Family Charitable Foundation. TR acknowledges support from the BASAL Centro de Astrofisica y Tecnologias Afines (CATA) PFB-06/2007. \\
This work is based on observations collected at the European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere under ESO programme 094.B-0711(A).
It has made use of the computing facilities of the Laboratory of Astroinformatics (Instituto de Astronomia, Geof\'isica e Ci\^encias Atmosf\'ericas, Departamento de Astronomia/USP, NAT/Unicsul), whose purchase was made possible by FAPESP (grant 2009/54006-4) and the INCT-A. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
\end{acknowledgements}

\bibliographystyle{aa.bst}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Stroudsmoor Country Inn invites you to join us for our bi-annual Wedding Sampling Event on March 3, 2019!
Get a taste for all that Stroudsmoor has to offer by sampling a selection of our menu, 14 flavors of wedding cake, preview each of our event facilities, floral designs, lodging, and spa services.
The event also features Stroudsmoor's most recommended professionals. Each one hand-picked to ensure impeccable service. Purveyors of wedding wear, entertainers for ceremony and reception, officiates and celebrants, filmmakers, lighting specialists, and other services.
More than three decades of experience in the execution of wedding events has earned Stroudsmoor a reputation of excellence. Should you require additional information on wedding planning, or wish to make a reservation for the Wedding Sampling contact the Inn via email at info@stroudsmoor.com, or phone the Event Offices at 570-421-6431, ext. 420 (800-955-8663 outside the 610 and 570 area codes).
Reservations are required for our Wedding Sampling Events.


text:
FORT WORTH, Texas, Nov. 5, 2020 /PRNewswire/ VERTESS (https://vertess.com/), a leading healthcare mergers and acquisition (M&A) advisory firm, has facilitated 12 significant transactions to date in 2020 despite the many challenges posed by COVID-19. The successes were achieved on both the sellside and buyside within a variety of different healthcare verticals, including behavioral healthcare, durable medical equipment (DME), intellectual and development disabilities (I/DD), and pharmacy. VERTESS anticipates closing an additional eight transactions prior to the end of the year as the market continues to stabilize.
"We've far exceeded our expectations for M&A activity since the onset of the pandemic," noted Bradley Smith, the VERTESS Managing Director/Partner who represented several clients in their successful transactions. He added, "Initially, we assumed many deals would wither on the vine as buyers put deals on 'pause.' We worked closely with our clients and buyers to continue discussions and, ultimately, reached the finish line for most of those deals."
In addition, VERTESS has continued to expand its operations and bring on new team members. They added a new Managing Director and a part-time financial analyst during the last seven months. They are currently bringing on additional business development support to connect with members of the healthcare community.
"There has been a significant uptick in the number of people reaching out to discuss their companies and their personal goals," Smith stated. "Whether due to the current healthcare crisis or other external/internal factors, healthcare business owners are seeking help understanding their options. The additional new team members have given us the bandwidth to engage in meaningful discussions with owners. We expect to continue our growth and success in 2021, given the experience and knowledge of our team as well as a strong pipeline."
For more information, please contact Vaughne Glennie at 258325@email4pr.com.
FORT WORTH, Texas, Oct. 7, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- VERTESS (www.vertess.com), a leading healthcare mergers and acquisitions (M&A) advisory firm, today announced the closing of three dynamic Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (I/DD) service provider transactions in September 2020 in the face of healthcare upheaval. COVID-19 has proven to be the ultimate contender for providing, as well as accessing healthcare in the United States. Adaptions are inevitable and have been paving the way to powerful partnerships within the I/DD sector.
A+ Solutions (http://thinkaplus.com), an Ohio-based educational and psychological provider, was acquired by Refresh Mental Health, Inc. (https://www.refreshmh.com), the national clinical leader in providing psychiatric, psychological and therapy services. Will Hartje, Vice President of Corporate Development for Refresh commented, "We are very excited to work with the founders of A+, Oren and Hadassa, to build upon the strong foundation and expand the A+ clinical model of excellence to complement our growing network of outpatient mental health clinics."
Bell Family, LLC (https://bellfamilyllc.com),an Arizona-based home and community based-services (HCBS) provider, was acquired by The MENTOR Network, Inc. (https://www.thementornetwork.com), a national healthcare and human services company.
Spectrum Home Healthcare, LLC (https://spechomehc.com), an Arizona-based home healthcare provider, was acquired by The MENTOR Network, Inc. (https://www.thementornetwork.com), a national healthcare and human services company.
Rachel Boynton, the Managing Director who represented A+ Solutions, noted, "The deal hit a significant road bump when COVID-19 began, but the owners of A+ were able to quickly pivot their service delivery model and not only recover lost revenue, but increase it." With regards to Spectrum Home Healthcare, LLC, she goes on to say, "The family (Spectrum) has provided such amazing community-based services, I am excited to see them be able to grow through their integration into The MENTOR Network."
Dave Turgeon, the Managing Director who lead the sell-side transaction for Bell Family, LLC, stated, "The small providers are often overlooked. I am happy to have helped guide a well-deserving home-health provider to continue their influential reach within their community while reaching end goals."
For more information, please contact Dave Turgeon and Rachel Boynton at 256136@email4pr.com
FORT WORTH, Texas, Sept. 18, 2020 /PRNewswire/ VERTESS (www.vertess.com), a leading healthcare mergers and acquisitions (M&A) advisory firm, today announced the closing of four major Durable Medical Equipment (DME) healthcare transactions in Q2 and Q3 2020, despite challenges brought on by the pandemic. Even during unprecedented times, 2020 has been steadily gaining momentum within the DME industry. With several successful transactions this year, traction continues to increase in this sector.
Bradley Smith, the Managing Director who represented the four sellers in the transactions stated, "Even in the face of adversity that is 2020, I am thrilled to have helped deserving owners successfully exit their businesses while also helping bridge the gap for these healthcare providers to extend their established platforms."
Med Inc. (https://medinc.net), a Virginia-based DME Clinical Respiratory Provider, was acquired by Rotech Healthcare, Inc. (https://www.rotech.com), a Florida-based national leader in providing respiratory and sleep apnea treatment.
Health Technology Resources, LLC (https://yourhtr.com/), an Illinois-based clinical respiratory-focused DME provider, was acquired by Protech Home Medical Corp. (https://www.protechhomemedical.com), a Kentucky-based publicly traded healthcare services company.
Alliance Medical Supply (https://www.alliancemedicalsupply.com), a Texas-based pediatric respiratory and nutritional equipment supplier, was acquired by Pediatric Home Respiratory Service ("PHS") (https://www.pediatrichomeservice.com), a Minnesota-based independent comprehensive home care provider.
The assets of Metro-Med, Inc. (https://metromed.com), a California-based provider of respiratory services, were acquired by Rotech Healthcare, Inc. (https://www.rotech.com), a Florida-based national leader in providing respiratory and sleep apnea treatment.
For more information, please contact Bradley Smith at bsmith@vertess.com.
FORT WORTH, Texas, Sept. 15, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- VERTESS mergers and acquisitions (M&A) advisory firm (www.vertess.com) is pleased to announce that David Coit, Jr., Finance + Valuation Director, recently earned the Certified Business Exit Consultant® Designation from the International Exit Planning Association (IEPA). The Certified Business Exit Consultant® Designation is a significant achievement and further establishes David as one of the elite exit planners in the marketplace today.
"I'm excited to now offer our business clients exit planning as an additional value-added consulting service along with business valuation, value growth, and M&A consulting. Business owners who plan their exit are more likely to achieve their goals than those who don't," David commented.
To receive the CBEC® Designation, David completed the high-level nine-week training program that required 30+ hours of pre-course study, 32 hours of extensive, leading edge curriculum taught by top expert instructors in their respective fields as well as the successful completion of the final exam. As an additional requirement for the CBEC® Designation, David delivered an exit plan to an owner and submitted that plan to the IEPA's Certification committee for review. The quality and the brand of the IEPA's CBEC® Designation requires this type of process. Holding graduates to this standard ensures the IEPA that any advisor in the marketplace with the CBEC® designation has not only gone through their extensive Certification course and pre-work, but they have also taken an owner through this process and delivered the type of solution that the IEPA expects from their advisors.
The International Exit Planning Association's CBEC Designation Program
The emerging field of exit planning requires that our Certified Business Exit Consultant® graduates not only learn the material, but are also well-equipped to go out into the marketplace and deliver the exit planning services to exiting owners. In order to have a comprehensive approach to an owner's needs, an advisor or consultant must have a solid plan to message this unique service to an exiting owner as well as sell and service the exit planning engagement. The CBEC® Designation is designed to deliver this combination of training and skills through our rigorous curriculum, live practice management training and ongoing support.
David can be reached at dcoit@vertess.com.
FORT WORTH, Texas, Feb. 27, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- RSVP Home Care and Pulmonary Partners ("RSVP") (https://www.rsvphomecare.com/), a pediatric specialist group providing medical supplies and services in Kentucky, Ohio, and Indiana recently partnered with Pediatric Home Service ("PHS")(http://www.pediatrichomeservice.com/), a Minnesota-based independent comprehensive home care provider. RSVP Home Care and their adult division, Pulmonary Partners, provide specialized in-home enteral nutrition, respiratory care, and equipment to patients. The transaction was facilitated by VERTESS (https://vertess.com), a leading healthcare M+A advisory firm.
"We believe this new partnership is win-win for RSVP, PHS, and the patients receiving services," noted Bradley Smith, the VERTESS Managing Director/Partner who represented RSVP in the transaction. "Continuity in the quality of care is the highest priority for both RSVP and PHS."
RSVP was founded by a group of respiratory therapists and serves technology-dependent pediatric patients and an adult population. They offer a full range of Durable Medical Equipment (DME), Home Medical Equipment (HME), and clinical respiratory services.
YARMOUTH, Maine – Building on a handful of notable deals in late 2019, M&A analysts say they expect a strong 2020—at least to start.
Among the most active in 2019 was AdaptHealth, which in the fourth quarter bought several sizable companies, including McKesson's Patient Care Solutions business, and became a public company.
"There is money flowing and deals—good deals—are getting done," said Don Davis, president of Duckridge Advisors. "I think the buyers are going to be more aggressive, chasing deals and getting people motivated to sell in the first half of the year."
AdaptHealth also bought the HME business of Advanced Home Care in December.
AdaptHealth's activity underscores a trend of continued consolidation in the HME industry, despite an already thinned out crowd, analysts say.
PLYMOUTH MEETING, Pa. – AdaptHealth's acquisition of Patient Care Solutions gives the provider a nice platform for expanding its supplies business, say analysts.
PCS offers disposable medical supplies, including urological, incontinence, wound care and diabetes supplies, as well as breast pumps.
"They've been doing supplies as a matter of course and I think this gives them the opportunity to leverage the customer base they have," said Pat Clifford, managing director, the Braff Group. "It's a good acquisition."
Also part of the deal, announced in November: AdaptHealth will enter into a supply and distribution agreement with McKesson for PCS's service lines.
The pack-and-ship model for supplies is one AdaptHealth already knows, thanks to its acquisition in 2018 of Verus Health, a national provider of CPAP supplies.
FORT WORTH, Texas--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Caregiver Inc., Texas' second-largest provider of long-term care services and supports to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities announced today it has entered into a purchase agreement to acquire Mosaic services in Texas. Since Caregiver's inception in 2015, the private Fort Worth-based company has experienced rapid growth to meet individuals with disabilities' needs for high-quality care. Caregiver's origins date back to 1978. The acquisition will expand the company's presence in Texas and strengthen its portfolio of providers.
"Caregiver's expertise and investments in technology are solving inefficiencies often experienced by smaller companies. As a result, costs go down, the quality of care goes up, and we're able to expand services to more individuals and their families," said Mark Lashley, president and chief executive officer of Caregiver. "Our partnership with Mosaic means conscientious and hard-working team members will have the opportunity to provide personalized services with compassion and respect to even more Texans with disabilities."
"PDGM [Patient Driven Groupings Model] is going to be big," says Managing Director Bradley Smith of Vertess, a Texas-based healthcare focused M&A advisory firm.
PDGM is a new case-mix classification model used to structure healthcare payment categories and reimbursement thresholds. Come January 1, 2020, there will be a change in the unit of home health payment from a 60-day period to a 30-day period, forcing smaller providers to make substantial adjustments to their operating models.
"It will be similar to what happened in home health in 2000, and it will cause a massive consolidation. Similar to competitive bids that the DME [Durable Medical Equipment] market went through in 2009 and 2010, we are going to see a consolidation of a significant portion of the marketplace, creating opportunity for existing players and generating more PE interest. PDGM is a disruptive opportunity for them to execute a rollup strategy and capture a substantial part of the market," says Smith.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: cmd throwing error when executing batch file I'm trying to connect to sqlplus using batch file. I have the following code. when i run the batch file the command prompt is throwing error "The filename, directory name, or volumen label syntax is incorrect.
but it is working fine in another machine. i can't understand the problem. the same is connecting when i type the commands in cmd directly without running batch file.
setlocal
set raaga=raaga1

set ORACLE_HOME=C:\Oracle\product\11.2.3\dbhome_1
set ORACLE_SID=%raaga%
set PATH=%ORACLE_HOME%\bin;%PATH%

(
Echo connect sys/manager22@%raaga% as SYSDBA;
) | Sqlplus /nolog

Do i need to install anything? any help is appreciated.
thanks in advance

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Everywhere you turn in California, there's something to eat -- if you know what to look for.
Foragers Mia Wasilevich and Pascal Baudar of Transitional Gastronomy shop at the grocery store, but they also head out into the woods regularly, carrying backpacks and knives and compasses, finding edible plants scattered across public lands. They like it so much they've turned it into a business, with Pascal leading interested food nerds out into the woods to collect cattails, purslane, wild radishes and more, while Mia cooks up a feast using wild ingredients.
Eli Newell went out on one such veggie hunt with Pascal, and learned about native versus invasive plants in Southern California's parks (which do you guess peaches are?), ate flowers, and asked Pascal just why, exactly, he makes a habit of rubbing poison oak on his face. Enjoy the video, and be cautiously hungry out there!


My granfather was in SS and father fought against muslims/serbs. I never cared about that, my opinion may have been influenced by them to a point, but I mostly formed it on my own.
Anyhow, there is no point in continuing this, we both have very diffrent views on Yugoslavia and nothing I say will change your idea of it and vice versa.
Edited by MostarskiJugosloven, 15 August 2013 - 09:29 PM.
Heh, I don't have a heart!
No, just a cat. Cat's are heartless creatures.
Wow! cool free ring tones!
Korea is also spelled Corea. And even if it wasn't, that has nothing to do with the validity of my point of view. There are no utopian forms of governing a country. Democracy is the what worked best so far in human history. And only in democracy did the world evolve.
If Lenin could not implement his doctrine it means that his doctrine cannot be implemented and it simply doesn't work because of the unavoidable greed and hunger for power that people in power have. It's still a failure, no matter how good it sounds on paper. A doctrine eider works with human nature or it doesn't. There were many utopian ideas throughout history, communism isn't the first.
Edited by Gravesent, 16 August 2013 - 06:15 PM.
Edited by agent of chaos, 17 August 2013 - 07:49 PM.


Christine founded Duty of Care International in April 2016 and leads all client projects. Her exceptional expertise comes from 20 years of work in highly challenging environments. Christine has supported and led the HR function in many humanitarian responses across Africa and Asia. She has published articles, guides and tools, has frequent public speaking engagements and undertaken extensive research on people management and duty of care issues.
As the lead consultant of Duty of Care International, Christine provides specialist advice and practical support to organisations on their people management and duty of care responsibilities. She works extensively with large and small non-profit organisations such as African Prisons Project, MapAction, Tearfund, Save the Children and Amnesty International and collaborates with experts and networks in the field of security, learning, health and wellbeing, insurance and legal such as the Geneva Learning Foundation, Thrive Worldwide, the CHS Alliance, EISF, RedR, UN Stand-by Partnership and Cigna (NGO Benefits).


2 Bed at Water St.
2 Bed /1 Bath at Water St.
Perfect the art of living well.
Choose to make your move into this amazing modern 2 bedroom unit. Featuring 10' ceilings, white oak finished flooring, custom paneled appliances, white lacquer cabinetry, washer + dryer in unit, ample closet space and large oversized windows that offer stunning city views. Where modern luxury living is comes true!
Amenities include a 24 hour doorman, state of the art lobby equipped with a fireplace, fitness center & on-site yoga studio, elegantly furnished resident's lounge, reservable entertaining kitchen & dining room, gaming room and outdoor rooftop pool with panoramic views of lower Manhattan and beyond.
Prices are net effective. This is a NO FEE listing.
Building amenities include 24 hour doorman, state of the art lobby equipped with a fireplace, fitness center & on-site yoga studio, elegantly furnished resident's lounge, reservable entertaining kitchen & dining room, gaming room and outdoor rooftop pool with panoramic views of lower Manhattan and beyond. Prices are net effective.
The building also offers extra storage spaces and valet service at a price to be consulted.
Pets up to 50 pounds are welcome!
Being in the in Financial District, one of the most iconic areas of Manhattan, you are in one of the most sought after neighborhoods in the whole city. The area offers fine dining, endless shopping, unlimited nightlife activities, and a short distance to the 2,3,4,5,6,A,C,J, and Z trains.
For more information about this apartment, call/email or text me anytime.
A number of shops (including Sephora) can be found around here. You can find Chipotle Mexican Grill nearby. Beckett's Bar & Grill and Sophie's Cuban Cuisine are some of the restaurants in the area.
This apartment is $1,915 more expensive than the median price for 2BR / 1BA apartments in Financial District with Doorman, Elevator, which is $3,650.
This listing has a HopScore of 73.6 and was posted 4 days ago. The listing quality and manager score is very good. Some of the contributing factors to the HopScore are listed below.


In this video, I teach you how to recruit the correct muscles for various types of hanging scapular pull-ups.
These are INTERNAL TORQUE. The more you use your glutei max, external obliques, pecs and teres, the easier it will be. The secret is to squeeze the daylights out of your glutei max. This will prevent you from swinging wildly. Keep your elbows straight!
I recommend you first master the bilateral hanging scapular pull-ups before progressing to the more advanced versions demonstrated in this video.
Whatever you do, do NOT shrug up using your upper traps. And do NOT forget to breathe! Inhale through your nose and exhale through pursed lips.
If you are new to StrongFit, and want to learn from me in person, then check out my Intro to StrongFit 2-Day Seminar (Sept 22/23, 2018, Toronto).


text:
Honor Redeemed
by: Christine Johnson
series: Keys of Promise
Her future--and her heart--hang in the balance.
Two years ago, Prosperity Jones waved farewell to her beloved David as the army sent him to faraway Key West. Now with her parents gone, she has but one prospect for the future: make the dangerous journey from Nantucket to Key West to reunite with David and secure a happier life.
But when Prosperity arrives penniless in the South, she is dismayed to find David has not been eagerly awaiting their reunion. In fact, he is married to someone else. Scrambling to survive and nursing a broken heart, Prosperity gains the friendship--and the affection--of a kind doctor. Could he be the answer to her loneliness? Or will her life be upended by circumstance yet again?
With a deft hand, Christine Johnson fills the senses with the sights, sounds, and smells of Key West in this heartwarming story of honor lost, honor redeemed, and a love forged in adversity.
Praise for Love's Rescue
"A fast-moving story of forbidden love and shipwreck rescues. . . . This action-packed tale is one to keep readers engaged . . . from the first page to the last."--RT Book Reviews
"Johnson initiates another swoon-worthy historical series with this emotionally charged romance in which passions run high and things are not always what they seem."--Library Journal
"The first in Johnson's Keys of Promise series sails off to a strong start with a sweet love story that skillfully incorporates fascinating facts about the nineteenth-century salvage and wrecking trade into a quietly moving plot about the importance of family, faith, and forgiveness."--Booklist
Christine Johnson is the author of Love's Rescue, as well as several books for Steeple Hill and Love Inspired. She was twice named a finalist for Romance Writers of America's Golden Heart Award. When not writing, she loves to hike and explore God's majestic creation. These days, she and her husband, a Great Lakes ship pilot, split their time between northern Michigan and the Florida Keys.
© E.A. Creative Photography 2013
Christine Johnson is the author of several books for Steeple Hill and Love Inspired and has been twice named a finalist for Romance Writers of America's Golden Heart® award. When not writing, she loves to hike and explore God's majestic creation. These...
Continue reading about Christine Johnson
"Johnson initiates another swoon-worthy historical series with this emotionally charged romance in which passions run high and things are not always what they seem. Perfect for fans of Melody Carlson and Rachel Hauck."--Library Journal
"Love's Rescue is a fast-moving story of forbidden love and shipwreck rescues. Elizabeth Benjamin's independence is refreshing, as she is a headstrong woman who is not afraid to pursue what she desires. This action-packed tale is one to keep readers engaged and rooting for her from the first page to the last."--RT Book Reviews
"The first in Johnson's inspirational romance Keys of Promise series sails off to a strong start with a sweet love story that skillfully incorporates fascinating facts about the nineteenth-century salvage and wrecking trade into a quietly moving plot about the importance of family, faith, and forgiveness."--Booklist
"Johnson has penned a tale worthy of anyone who has ever dreamed of high seas adventure with this first book in her Keys of Promise series. Filled with romance, adventure, and drama, Love's Rescue takes readers to the far South, where mannerisms and rules often stifled dreams and desires."--CBA Retailers+Resources


This week, Kite Line welcomes the continued contributions of Mark Cook, who we recorded in conversation with Alejo Stark. Mark is a former prison rebel, dating back to ambitious organizing on the inside in the 1960s. Following his release from prison, he co-founded the Seattle chapter of the Black Panther Party and later went underground with the George Jackson Brigade. Due to his guerrilla activities, he served another quarter century in prison before being released in the year 2000. Since then, he has continued to organize and contribute to the prisoners' movement.
Mark continues to reflect on prison organizing and struggling against prison both inside and outside the prison walls. He also speaks on the importance of communication as fundamental right for everyone, and emphasizes the importance of communication for prisoners.


Allimed Capsules - 100% Allicin - 100 ct.
Ingredients: AlliMed® capsugel vegetarian size "0" capsules contain 450 mg Allisure® AC-23 concentrated natural allicin extracted from fresh garlic. Casing is Non-GM maltodextrin. Free from artificial coloring, flavoring, salt, gluten and preservatives. Suitable for vegans and vegetarians.
Formulation: Size "0" vegetarian capsule containing maltodextrin, gum acacia and allicin.
Dosage: Up to 8 capsules per day may be taken if needed, and just one capsule a day of AlliMed with food can be beneficial for health and well-being. It is easily absorbed.


Skin blur hairstyles have been a well-known expansion to men's hairstyles for quite a long time and the pattern won't leave at any point in the near future.
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I knew my him for over ten years. We even dated for a little while in college.
After being married, having kids, divorcing from a toxic and abusive relationship, I prayed every day for a soul mate that would be a partner and want the same things in life. I have so much love to give.
Then, one day, my friend asked me on a date. I said yes, but I was inexplicably nervous. I arrived in time, but sat in my car for 35 minutes before gathering the courage to go in. Then, I sat on the waiting bench for another 15 to get the courage to join him at a table where he'd been waiting for an hour.
The moment we met eyes, I KNEW this was serious stuff. And I knew HE knew. And we both KNEW. It was almost laughable because I never believed in instant love nor had I considered him more than a friend since our brief tryst many years before.
We married 3 months later. It's been three years, and despite what sounds to be an impulsive move on our parts, we still KNOW. Our marriage is the best thing that has ever happened to me or our children.


text:
The Official Site of the St. Louis Blues
Stanley Cup Champions
2020 All-Star Game
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2019-20 Yearbook
Blues TV
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In Their Shoes
Theme Tickets
Season Ticket Waiting List
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In Arena
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Blues agree to two-way contracts with six players
by Elise Butler / St. Louis Blues
UPDATE (5:32 p.m. CT): Updated to add defenseman Jake Dotchin, who agreed to a two-way contract on Monday afternoon.
ST. LOUIS - The St. Louis Blues announced Monday that they have agreed to terms on two-way contracts with forwards Nick Lappin, Evan Polei, Michael Vecchione and Nathan Walker and defensemen Derrick Pouliot and Jake Dotchin.
Lappin, 26, split last season between the New Jersey Devils and their AHL affiliate in Binghamton. The native of Geneva, Ill., has registered eight points (5g, 3a) in 60 career NHL games and 123 points (67g, 56a) in 168 AHL games.
Polei, 23, posted 20 points (9g, 11a) in 53 games for the AHL's Bakersfield Condors in 2018-19. The Wetaskiwin, Alta., native added three points (2g, 1a) in 10 playoff games.
Vecchione, 26, put up 38 points (15g, 23a) in 67 games for the AHL's Lehigh Valley Phantoms last season. The Saugus, Mass., native appeared in two games for the Philadelphia Flyers in 2016-17, but was held scoreless.
Walker, 25, has appeared in 12 combined NHL games for the Washington Capitals and Edmonton Oilers, accruing one goal and one assist and becoming the first Australian to play in the NHL. He has collected 140 points (60g, 80a) in 300 career AHL games, all with Hershey.
Pouliot, 25, spent the last two seasons with the Canucks, posting 12 points (3g, 9a) in 62 games in 2018-19. The Estevan, Sask., native has totaled 48 points (8g, 40a) in 200 career NHL games with Vancouver and Pittsburgh.
Dotchin, 25, spent the last season with the Anaheim Ducks, posting one assist and a minus-4 rating in 20 games played. The Cambridge, Ont. native has appeared in 103 career regular-season games over three seasons in the NHL, posting 23 points (3g, 20a).
In addition, the Blues have signed the following players to AHL contracts: Cam Darcy, Zach Nastasiuk and J.J. Piccinich.
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Kenya: Facing Covid-19 and Climate Threats, Nairobi Ramps Up Green Efforts
Ofeibea Quist-Arcton/
Flowers on display at Nairobi City Market (file photo).
Thomson Reuters Foundation (London)
By Wesley Langat
Peter Njeru used to live in central Nairobi's rundown Michuki Memorial Park because he had nowhere else to go. Now the 28-year-old is restoring and guarding the green space, one of about 200 jobless former park residents hired to help with the work.
"This park was my home with other street families, though people were dumping here illegally," he said, noting that he used to collect and sell plastic bottles and metal scraps to buy food.
But after being evicted in 2017, he was hired for a few months to help clear trash in the park - and began guarding it in his spare time.
Now he has a full-time job keeping clean the once trash-choked Nairobi River that runs through the green space, earning enough to rent a house for himself and his family.
Kenya's capital city is one of the fastest-growing in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the United Nations, and more people, trash and homelessness have taken a toll, along with new challenges like the COVID-19 pandemic.
But a government effort to better protect and restore parks in the city - particularly along the Nairobi River - is now having a significant payoff, not just in jobs but in green spaces to beat the heat and cope with virus restrictions, backers say.
The effort is part of a broader push to expand green infrastructure in Kenya's capital, including ensuring widened road corridors have good sidewalks and drainage to prevent flooding, as well as more trees.
Maurice Kavai, an environmental compliance officer with Nairobi City County government, said such changes, including better water service and waste management, will help residents cope not just with the coronavirus crisis but with worsening climate change impacts and future pandemics.
Already it's improving air quality and making the city a more pleasant place to work, said Loyd Ngere, a carpenter who sells wood furniture near expanded sidewalks along the road to Ngong.
The roadside is much less dusty, he said, and "my wares are visible to customers who often pass by because many people prefer walking due to good and safe pedestrian sidewalks".
The effort to improve Michuki Memorial Park began in March, when the government allocated 30 million Kenyan shillings ($278,000) to rapidly rehabilitate the park to create more green space for social distancing, said Julius Wanjau, who runs Nairobi's central business district.
"Early this year, the place was a criminal hideout, a (space for) illegal charcoal dealing, a dumping site, a home to many street families in Nairobi," he said, with evicted families continuing to move back into the park.
But since the park was again cleared, 1,200 tons of garbage removed, and other improvements made, "now the place is clean with cool air and you can even find fish in the Nairobi River, which were never there before", Wanjau said.
By asking former residents of the park what they wanted to see change, and giving them priority doing casual work to improve it, the project has also created what Wanjau calls "ambassadors" for the green space, committed to protecting it.
"They understand this place," he said.
The timing of the work also has, coincidentally, helped cushion many of the city's most vulnerable families economically through the city's pandemic lockdown, providing work as other jobs dried up.
Phillip Dinga, who works for the C40 alliance of cities pushing for climate action and advises Nairobi officials, said the kind of changes Nairobi is making are crucial across Africa, both to cater for swelling urban populations and cut disaster risks.
Carrying out such work is a good way to use government spending to spur economies trying to recover from the COVID-19 economic slowdown as well, he said.
"We want to transition Nairobi to a world-class resilient city," he said, including with air quality that meets World Health Organization standards.
Top Headlines Coronavirus Kenya Environment
Nairobi is moving towards that both by installing air quality monitors and working to make non-motorised transport - such as walking and cycling - easier and more pleasant, Dinga said.
Clement Ngoriareng, of the Kenya Forest Service, said his agency and others also are trying to identify more open spaces in the city that could be managed as urban forests to provide cooling, fresh air and recreation spaces.
Chris Kiptoo, principal secretary in the Ministry of Environment and Forest, said green, environmentally smart policy was key to both making cities more liveable and recovering effectively from the virus slowdown.
"The solutions lie with us," he said during an online event, particularly in terms of finding "a deal that balances nature and people".
(Reporting by Wesley Langat ; editing by Laurie Goering : (Please credit the Thomson Reuters Foundation, the charitable arm of Thomson Reuters. Visit http://news.trust.org/climate)
Read the original article on Thomson Reuters Foundation.
Nairobi Recovers Its Green Spaces During Pandemic. Other Cities Can Too
After Restoration of Michuki Park, Tobiko Now Targets City Park
Copyright © 2020 Thomson Reuters Foundation. All rights reserved. Distributed by AllAfrica Global Media (allAfrica.com). To contact the copyright holder directly for corrections — or for permission to republish or make other authorized use of this material, click here.


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1 person arrested in connection with South Carolina mall shooting that left 14 people injured, police say
By Aya Elamroussi and Paradise Afshar, CNN
Updated 9:09 AM EDT, Mon April 18, 2022
From parties to malls, another violent weekend in America
Police are asking witnesses for any information about a mass shooting at a South Carolina mall that left at least nine people with gunshot wounds and five others injured.
One man has been arrested in connection with the shooting at the Columbiana Centre mall on Saturday that left 14 people hurt, police said.
Jewayne Price, 22, will be charged with unlawful carrying of a pistol, the Columbia Police Department said in a news release. Police said investigators are consulting with prosecutors, and more charges are possible.
In a court hearing Sunday, a judge set a $25,000 bond, with the stipulation that Price would be under house arrest and required to wear an ankle monitor, police said.
"The judge will allow Price to travel from home to work certain times of the day," the agency tweeted.
CNN has been unable to determine whether Price has legal representation.
Jewayne Price
Lexington County Sheriff's Department
He was one three people detained following the shooting. Police said two other men who were detained were released after investigators determined they weren't involved.
No fatalities were reported following the shooting at the mall, just 10 miles from downtown Columbia, Police Chief William H. "Skip" Holbrook said Saturday.
The shooting unfolded around 2 p.m. during what police believe was a clash between armed people inside the mall.
Police initially said 12 people were injured but later updated that number to 14 – at least nine of whom were shot. Police said the five others were injured while attempting to flee; their injuries included broken bones and a head injury.
The victims' ages range from 15 to 73, police said. As of late Saturday, a 73-year-old woman remained hospitalized.
Three of the 14 injured victims were being treated at Lexington Medical Center for gunshots wounds and are expected to be released, hospital spokesperson Jennifer Wilson said.
The other 11 people injured were treated at Prisma Health. Nine of them have already been treated and released, Prisma Health spokesperson Tammie Epps told CNN on Saturday night.
Police ask witnesses for information
Police seized one firearm related to the shooting, and evidence from the crime scene shows at least two different firearms were used by two suspects, police said.
At least three suspects displayed guns inside the mall, but it's not clear whether they all fired shots, the release said.
"It is believed that the shooting was an isolated incident between the suspects and likely stemmed from an on-going conflict," police said in the news release.
Law enforcement gather outside Columbiana Centre mall Saturday.
Sean Rayford/AP
The police chief said investigators believe those involved in the shooting knew each other.
"This was not a situation where we had some random person show up at a mall to discharge a firearm and injure people," Holbrook said at a Saturday news conference.
Police are asking witnesses to call 803-545-3525 to share any information about or video of the shooting.
"We know a lot of people saw different things. Please take a moment, collect your thoughts and reach out to law enforcement," Holbrook said.
After the shooting, mall officials issued a statement that was tweeted by Columbia Police.
"Today's isolated, senseless act of violence is extremely upsetting, and our thoughts are with everyone impacted," the statement read. "We are grateful for the quick response and continued support of our security team and our partners in law enforcement."
CNN's Michelle Watson, Holly Yan, Emma Tucker, Andy Rose and Raja Razek contributed to this report.


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Estate Baguette Diamond Half-Band
ABOUT THIS RING
A superb and substantial platinum half-band of shimmering baguette diamonds. An ever-so-slightly tapered row of sizable, high-quality baguette diamonds are tightly set between magnificently engraved (about as great as it gets) and milgrained platinum borders. The ring is slightly raised in the center to better show off the diamonds and the exemplary engraving work. Stunning!
Current Ring Size:
6 1/2 Most rings can be resized up or down one size unless noted and sometimes more.
10 Baguette Cut Diamonds
VS-I1
About Vintage Jewelry
Like fine wine, fine jewelry also has a "vintage"—the design period or era from which it hails. Victorian or Edwardian, Art Deco or Retro, each piece in our collection has its own special pedigree. But just because one era ended and another began, it doesn't mean that creative jewelry makers simply forgot the lessons of the past! Many of the jewels in our cases refuse to conform to a single design period, either by striking out on their own or showing the transition from one era to the next. When such daring dazzlers are over one hundred years old, they're generally grouped in the antique category. Anything younger than that, but still made before 1970, fits the vintage label. Every iconic era yields both singular and transitional pieces, like the ones we've assembled here. Follow the link at the end of each section for more about the aesthetics and history of the period.


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Great Britain's Nathan Watson (KTM) has set the pace at Poland's Red Bull 111 Megawatt to top qualification for round five of the World Enduro Super Series.
Relishing the deep sandy terrain of Europe's largest coal mine, Watson led home a Red Bull KTM Factory Racing 1-2-3, with teammates Josep Garcia (ESP) and Jonny Walker (GB) second and third respectively. Rockstar Energy Husqvarna Factory Racing's Billy Bolt (GB) was fourth fastest with home favourite Taddy Blazusiak (KTM – POL) completing the top five.
With 1000 competitors eager for action at round five's Red Bull 111 Megawatt, the opening day of competition saw riders compete for a place in Sunday's main event by battling it out on a 12-minute-long sandy Motocross special test and the world's longest Endurocross track.
At the top of the standings, Classic Enduro specialists Watson and Garcia were quick to set the pace, heading the provisional standings at the end of the opening qualification run. Walker and Blazusiak were close behind in third and fourth.
Despite rougher conditions, the majority of riders went faster for run two. Considerably improving his time on the Motocross test, Watson put his name to the top of the results sheet heading into Sunday's final. With just eight seconds separating them, Garcia took second place, while series leader Walker ensured a strong, front row start with third.
Round four winner, Sherco Factory Racing's Wade Young (RSA) was sixth fastest behind Bolt and Blazusiak. Setting the seventh fastest time, Dominik Olszowy (KTM) ensured two Polish riders qualified inside the top 10.
Finishing five seconds behind Olszowy, Beta Factory Racing's Travis Teasdale (RSA) was eighth and fellow South African Blake Gutzeit (Yamaha) ninth. Second to Walker in the championship standings, Germany's Manuel Lettenbichler (KTM) confirmed his place on the front row with 10th.
Sunday's race schedule, for round five of WESS, will commence in the morning with the GoPro B Final for the 501-750 fastest qualifiers. At precisely 1.11pm the top 500 qualifiers will blast off the line for the three-lap feature race where a 30-kilometre long course weaves its way around the coal mine.
The Red Bull 111 Megawatt final will be broadcast live on Red Bull TV from 13.05CEST.


The power of the domain name lies in that it gives a website its own unique web address where it could be found at and associated with. Let's take for example your brick and mortar store, if it is located in an easy-to-find place and your clients know how to reach it - they will surely come and visit you. If it is not easy for them to follow the way to your site, then no advertising method will be able to bring them there.
This is why, if you have come up with the idea to have your own website, the first thing that you do need to think of is how you will name it. In other words, you will have to think of choosing a suitable domain for your site. For that purpose you will have to know what your site will be for, whether it will represent your personal or business profile, and what audience it will be intended for. When you have all that in mind - finding the right software and web hosting service for creating and putting your website online will be an easy task.
Therefor Gemconnect is the company to help you.
You must be all familiar with the most popular domain extensions on the web - .COM, .NET, .INFO, .ORG, .BIZ, .NAME, .MOBI, etc. They are all known as generic top-level domains (gTLDs) and are open for registration to all users worldwide, regardless of their sitizenship, residence or age.
All international domains have their formal purpose, for instance, .COM is intended for commercial sites, .NET for network companies, .ORG for non-profits, .BIZ for businesses, .NAME for personal pages, .MOBI for mobile-device optimized sites. Nevertheless, most of them, with the exception of .MOBI, can be used for any type of websites. Their growing popularity and easy-to-spell syntax have made them a preferred choice among users.
If you are wondering why there are so many (over a hundred) domain extensions on the web, the answer is that almost any country in the world, including small islands, has its own top-level domain. The list is really impressive. You can find extensions from .ZA for South Africa to .NL for the Netherlands. The country domains are a great way for companies and organizations to target their local audiences more closely. It is important to know that each country has specific registration rules for its official domain, so you should always check them before you choose your country domain.
However, many country domains like .CC, .ME, .TV, .WS, .BE,have appeared to be really attractive for registration, due to their speaking-for-itself spelling. For that reason, most of their countries have granted registrars the right to promote their domains as international extensions and even as new fresh alternatives to the popular but 'running out of stock' generic domains. Thus, most people today do not even know that these domains were originally intended to be country-code domains!


A Game Lodge / Hotel was to be constructed in a Game Park on an escarpment in East Africa by a Japanese developer.
Sanitary ware and other fragile items had to be shipped, transported overland by trailer on unmade roads for several hundred miles and hauled up an escarpment.
Packing had to be suitable to ensure that all materials arrived on site without damage and without being unloaded from the containers.
The containers were lined with polystyrene, fragile materials were packed in polystyrene in polystyrene lined crates which were then securely fixed to the base of the containers.
Additional items were included in case of damage in transit or on site.
All materials were received intact on site apart from one basin which was damaged by site staff when unloading the container.


Of course, I knew that, as the calendar goes, spring had arrived. I was about to go home and continue burning the garden … much later than ever before because of the record-setting snow and ice this winter (the photo below is cheating because I took it before leaving for a month's vacation in the southern hemisphere, but you get the idea).
Spring maintenance has changed. I've planted more shrubs in recent years, recognizing they offer a visual interest different from the herbaceous perennials that are the mainstay of my garden. Of course, shrubs make burning impossible in parts of the garden, so I am doing much more cutting than in years past. The bank is now mulched with grass clippings.
… but the long shadows of the setting sun do wonders, creating parallel channels of light redolent with emotion, even on the newly flattened garden.
Another week of cleanup and then I hope a little structural work can begin. Some new paving and small paths for individual roaming, then planting. Here the blacks, ochers and burnt umbers draw together the stressed colors of box, possibly dead, on the left, and the quickening willows at right.
I was intrigued by the sight of thousands of Crocosmia in long grass along the roadsides in New Zealand, and I've gotten a quantity of corms I want to plant in masses among the grasses in the space below. It's a risk, but what's gardening without risk? They should blossom then disappear among the other plants, none yet visible.
I also got a shipment of Liatris corms, many of which will go in the open space below, to add to the mix of Filipendula rubra and other large perennials. Last fall, I seeded in Great Blue Lobelia (Lobelia siphilitica). It's already all over the garden, but I wanted more for the late blue.
It's taken a few years, but I now look forward to this time of transition, and I find these colors emotionally compelling, if not downright beautiful.
The older I get, the more I love and appreciate browns. I think your garden is beautiful at the stage and in this state. And the light… oh, the light is everything. I consider it one of the elements of design.
Thank you, Barbee. I really appreciate your taking time to notice and comment.
It's hard to 'get to know' a garden on line, but with each season's photos, I became better acquainted with yours. Seeing the paths meandering through the open spaces helps. As does your shadow in many of them — even an elongated human outline gives an idea of scale. I particularly like the log circle with the touch of red above.
Thanks, Pat. I find the garden almost impossible to photograph. It's very hard to capture the different experiences of looking out at the garden from above (it seems much smaller) and walking in it below, which is a very immersive experience (when the plants haven't been burned or cut away, as they have been now).
I was at the Philly Flower show and they had a display of 'dead' plants. I thought of your gardens instantly. It was beautiful but some people didn't understand it. The beauty of a winter landscape should never be discounted!
I saw that garden in photographs, and I think it would have been my favorite. I do believe many gardeners are becoming more appreciative of the beauty of deal plants. My garden is at its best when dying.
We never have that quiet down time. The garden does rest in the summer, but not so peacefully. We've had our first good rain, and everything is greening and growing.
I always have told myself I like living where we have a dramatic change of season. Not I'm not so sure. Is your climate similar to Australia, I mean southeast Australia?