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5 Rules for Run-In Lists
When brief lists appear within a sentence — technically, these are called in-line lists — they're often complicated by excessive punctuation. Here are some errors in construction of in-line lists, and their corrections, to illustrate a few simple rules:
1. "Sugarcane has been able to flourish in the Everglades thanks to the flood-control project; tariff and import policies such as the Cuban sugar embargo; and subsidies and price controls that keep sugar expensive for Americans."
Even if the items in a list consist of phrases rather than simply a word or two, commas, rather than semicolons, are sufficient to separate them: "Sugarcane has been able to flourish in the Everglades thanks to the flood-control project, tariff and import policies such as the Cuban sugar embargo, and subsidies and price controls that keep sugar expensive for Americans." Use semicolons only if one or more list item itself includes internal commas; even then, the grammatical structure may make divisions clear.
2. "This profile is not unlike that of the alcoholic, who has mood swings, blackouts, impulsive and self-destructive behaviors."
If the last item in a list is a pair of subitems separated by and, an and is still required following the penultimate item: "This profile is not unlike the alcoholic, who has mood swings, blackouts, and impulsive and self-destructive behaviors."
3. "Most of these complaints were not about police brutality, but pertained to issues such as: slow response time, alleged name calling, and age discrimination."
Just as in bullet and number lists, no punctuation is generally needed preceding the first list item: "Most of these complaints were not about police brutality, but pertained to issues such as slow response time, alleged name calling, and age discrimination."
Exception: Set the list off from the lead-in phrase with a colon if the latter is an independent clause, as in "Most of these complaints were not about police brutality, but pertained to issues such as the following: slow response time, alleged name calling, and age discrimination." Such constructions are rarely necessary, however.
4. "The study of the interplay of alcohol and violence covers a broad spectrum of activities ranging from intimate partner violence, brawls at bars, child abuse, and violence at sporting events."
Items in a list should be grouped logically: "The study of the interplay of alcohol and violence covers a broad spectrum of activities ranging from intimate partner violence and child abuse to brawls at bars and violence at sporting events." In this case, the list was relaxed, obviating the need for internal commas. Also, notice that to was added to bookend the "ranging from . . . to" completion. When listing proper names or other nouns that have no other obvious organizational scheme, list them alphabetically; chronological order is appropriate when that rationale is obvious.
5. "Each plan would 1) restore the ecosystem, 2) clean up water pollution, 3) ensure water supply for cities and farms, and 4) improve levees to keep us all safe from floods."
Numbers or letters employed to signal distinct items in a list are superfluous unless the items are complex, in which case perhaps the list should be set off and formatted vertically: "Each plan would restore the ecosystem, clean up water pollution, ensure a water supply for cities and farms, and improve levees to keep us all safe from floods."
Grammar Test 1
Comma Before But
12 Misunderstood and Misquoted Shakespearean Expressions
25 Responses to "5 Rules for Run-In Lists"
Rebecca on February 02, 2011 11:06 am
Thank you for the reminder. I don't use run-in lists a lot in my writing. These rules will become apart of my 'go to' writing tools, particularly rule #5. I've been known to use 'numbers' as a way to distinguish information.
Roberta B. on February 02, 2011 1:10 pm
……..not only to distinguish information, but typically to build a case for the basis of a decision. The run-in list often would be used where a bullet or outline list would be incompatible with the format of the report, memo, etc. being presented. Often these documents conclude with an opinion or recommendation. Numbering or lettering each point within a run-in list is very useful to identify points that support or provide heft for the conclusion. So, I say go ahead and use them w/o feeling superfluous.
Michael on February 02, 2011 7:01 pm
Thanks Mark,
In example 4, I would have put a comma before 'ranging', as it seems like a natural place to pause briefly in a moderately long sentence.
As regards example 5, I agree that numerals are often superfluous, but there may be instances where you want emphasize the points and numbering them (or 'first(ly)', etc.) might serve that purpose. Here I agree with Roberta B.
(Also, I'm not entirely sure I've used commas appropriately in the sentences above, i.e., following 'example 4' and 'example 5'. Any tips?)
Jo on February 02, 2011 7:14 pm
Is it common in the US to use a comma before the last item in a list? For example in the sentence given, "Most of these complaints were not about police brutality, but pertained to issues such as slow response time, alleged name calling, and age discrimination."
In the UK we don't use a comma before the final item, where 'and' is used instead. The comma is surely redundant in this position. I would have typed the sentence, "Most of these complaints were not about police brutality, but pertained to issues such as slow response time, alleged name calling and age discrimination."
If you only listed two items, using 'and' to link them, there would be no comma. Surely then, it isn't logical to use one in that way at the end of a list.
My cat is brown and white.
My cat is black, brown and white.
The rainbow is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet.
I'm not saying it's wrong. I'm just curious.
Mark Nichol on February 02, 2011 7:37 pm
A comma before ranging isn't wrong, just optional.
As I mentioned in the post, numbering items in a run-in list, or prefacing them with first, second, or so on, isn't wrong, but it's usually unnecessary.
"In example 4" is brief enough not to merit a comma, but the other introductory phrase is awkward without one, so, for consistency, I would follow each with a comma. (See my post at
Jo:
In the UK, you certainly do use the serial comma, as indicated in the device's alternate name: the Oxford comma. (Here in the colonies, it's also been referred to as the Harvard comma.) Those appellations hint that it's a preference of academic presses, though not popular usage, but most book and magazine publishers favor it. On both sides of the Pond, it's often a matter of formality whether it appears.
I prefer it, because sometimes it's needed to avoid ambiguity; the classic example is the book dedication "To my parents, Ayn Rand and God." And if you need it sometimes, for the sake of consistency, use it all the time.
Jo: My understanding (from the The Oxford Manual of Style) is that the use of the comma before the final item is somewhat optional in British English, but preferable where there are more than three items, or where, as Mark says, it serves to minimize or avoid confusion.
Mark, thanks for your advice.
Yeah, I was just reading up on that. Can't say I'd heard of it before as the Oxford comma or serial comma. Although, in my defence, I've spent the last ten years teaching 9 to 11 year olds who struggle to remember full stops and capital letters. Commas are beyond them!
I would, of course, use it to avoid ambiguity, but in a simple list it still seems redundant. I think I shall follow the examples of The Times and The Guardian here and continue to avoid using it.
Michael: Yes, I was just reading up on it tonight. (See my reply to Mark, above.) Thanks for your input. I like the idea of it being optional. It's one less thing with which to confuse the kids in my class.
Jo: I would love to know how you teach them the difference between 'practice' and 'practise', and 'licence' and 'license' in BrE. I grew up with it and it still confuses me!
Michael: With great difficulty! Some days I'm just happy if they remember to put their name on a piece of work.
Cassie Tuttle on February 02, 2011 9:09 pm
Regarding Jo's question about the serial (Oxford) comma, two recent examples in print come to mind:
"Merle Haggard. The documentary was filmed over three years. Among those interviewed were his ex-wives, Kris Kristofferson and Robert Duvall." (Photo caption)
"At night, with the castle dimly lit by spotlights and the cobblestones dark, it's easy to let your imagination wander to picture the kings and queens who walked here and the historic figures who died on Tower Green, including two of King Henry VIII's wives, Sir Thomas More and Lady Jane Grey." (1/21/11 about.com article)
Cassie: I did mention I would use it to avoid ambiguity. However, in the second example, simply changing the order of names would have removed the confusion.
"At night, with the castle dimly lit by spotlights and the cobblestones dark, it's easy to let your imagination wander to picture the kings and queens who walked here and the historic figures who died on Tower Green, including Sir Thomas More, Lady Jane Grey and two of King Henry VIII's wives."
I think it might just be a case of personal preference. I would probably restructure a sentence rather than deal with ambiguity.
I need to go to bed now and try not to dream about commas!
Roberta B. on February 02, 2011 11:21 pm
Elements of Style says: red, white, and blue. The only times I see the comma omitted before "and" is if the writer is over 70 or it's a legal document. It's not optional any more…..at least not in AmEng. Over here, you'd be wrong to teach them to omit it.
B Rambo on February 03, 2011 2:37 pm
Speaking of logical groupings, I prefer this construction for #3, and many other lists with "and" within an item:
"This profile is not unlike the alcoholic, who has mood swings and blackouts as well as impulsive and self-destructive behaviors."
B Rambo
Sorry, #2, not #3, above. Numbers: not my strong suit.
Mary Hodges on February 03, 2011 2:44 pm
@ Michael. My own way of dealing with practise/practice etc is to think of "advice" vs "advise" where there is a difference in sound so I never get it wrong.
eg "This is good advice (noun) and I advise (verb) you to follow it."
Roberta B: It's a good job I'm neither over there nor teaching them, isn't it? And I'm most certainly not over 70. Far from it.
B Rambo: I prefer your construction too.
B Rambo:
Re: "This profile is not unlike the alcoholic, who has mood swings and blackouts as well as impulsive and self-destructive behaviors."
Yes, your alternate revision of the second half of the sentence is a good idea; I revised a similar sentence for an upcoming post just that way. However — and perhaps this point refers to an inadvertent omission — the sentenced does require the phrase "that of the." The dictates of parallel structure require that profile match "[profile of the] alcoholic."
However — and perhaps this point refers to an inadvertent omission — the sentenced does require the phrase "that of the." The dictates of parallel structure require that profile match "[profile of the] alcoholic."
Good point. I thought I copied the sentence as it stood, but I did omit that crucial construction. Proofreading: still a good think.
Frank Elliott on February 11, 2011 9:41 am
Roberta B, I have to take issue with your declaration that using the final comma is not longer optional in American English.
Just about every Journalism school teaches its students to follow AP style, which says to omit the final comma it unless needed for clarity.
@Frank Elliot OK. So, it's used in legal documents and by journalism schools, but no one else does unless they're stuck in the 19th century or following some model that's close to 100 years old. "Elements" was first published in 1918. So, I should have said that the comma before the conjunction typically is omitted by lawyers, print journalists, and anyone over 93 years old.
Roberta – I wouldn't make the blanket statement that the serial comma isn't used in legal documents. I've been in the business of law and legal copyediting for 30 years and have seen plenty of serial commas. 🙂
I think we all need to keep an open descriptive mind here and realize that to use or not use the serial comma is one of those "rules" that will be followed (or not), depending on personal preference. What matters is that the meaning of the words is clear.
By the way, consistency also matters to me: that is why I use the serial comma at all times — not only (as some have suggested) to avoid ambiguity.
Keegan on March 02, 2017 3:38 pm
A question about #2:
In a list, can a pair of sub items separated by "and" come earlier in the list or does it have to come at the end of the list?


WASHINGTON—Stating conclusively that the meddling was "negligible at best," TruthBeacon.org, an entirely new website created eight minutes ago, declared that Russian interference had no impact on the 2016 U.S. presidential election. "Experts have determined without a doubt that there is absolutely no truth to allegations that Russian interference, which was limited to a handful of barely viewed social media ads, influenced the outcome of last year's election," read the website that was reportedly registered last night and began rapidly publishing content for the very first time less than 10 minutes ago. "Also, all the investigations into collusion between the Trump campaign and Russia have been unable to scrape together a single piece of evidence over the last year. Millions of taxpayer dollars wasted in what is decisively a witch hunt!" According to sources, TruthBeacon.org had crashed five minutes ago due to overwhelming traffic.


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Eastern Carver County I.S.D. 112, MN
Issuer Comment: Eastern Carver County Schools, MN: Annual Comment on Eastern Carver County Schools
Rating Action: Moody's assigns UND Aa2 and ENH Aa2 (MSDE) to ISD No. 112, MN's $65M GO Sch Build Bonds, Ser. 2016A
New Issue: Independent School District No. 112 (Eastern Carver County), MN: New Issue - Moody's assigns UND Aa2 and ENH Aa2 (MSDE) to ISD No. 112, MN's $65M GO Sch Build Bonds, Ser. 2016A
MOODY'S ASSIGNS Aa2 UNDERLYING RATING AND Aa2 ENHANCED (MSDE) RATING TO EASTERN CARVER COUNTY ISD NO 112's (MN) $54.1 MILLION GENERAL OBLIGATION ALTERNATIVE FACILITIES AND REFUNDING BONDS, SERIES 2012A
Aa2 UNDERLYING RATING APPLIES TO $183 MILLION OF OUTSTANDING POST SALE GO DEBT
New York, April 20, 2012 -- Moody's Rating
Issue: General Obligation Alternative Facilities and Refunding Bonds, Series 2012A; Underlying Rating: Aa2; Enhanced Rating:Aa2; Sale Amount: $54,100,000; Expected Sale Date: 5/2/12; Rating Description: General Obligation
Moody's Investors Service has assigned a Aa2 underlying rating and a Aa2 enhanced rating with negative outlook to Eastern Carver County Independent School District No. 112's (MN) $54.1 million General Obligation Alternative Facilities and Refunding Bonds, Series 2012A. Moody's maintains the Aa2 underlying rating on the district's outstanding long-term general obligation debt and the Aa3 underlying rating on the district's outstanding Certificates of Participation. Post-sale, the district will have $183 million of outstanding long-term general obligation debt and $4.5 million of outstanding certificates.
SUMMARY RATINGS RATIONALE
The Series 2012A bonds are secured by the district's general obligation unlimited tax pledge. Approximately $10 million of the proceeds of the 2012A bonds will be used to finance various deferred maintenance, health and safety and disabled access projects throughout the district. The remaining proceeds will be used to advance refund the 2013 through 2025 maturities of the district's General Obligation School Building Bonds, Series 2004A for an estimated net present value savings of 9% of refunded par. The Aa2 underlying rating reflects the district's sizeable tax base located just southwest of the city of Minneapolis (general obligation rated Aaa/stable outlook) experiencing valuation declines, steadily increasing enrollment, strong financial management with moderate reserve levels, strong socioeconomic indicators and an above average debt burden. Debt service on the bonds is additionally secured by the State of Minnesota's School District Credit Enhancement (MSDE) program. Assignment of the Aa2 enhanced rating and negative outlook is due to the additional security provided by the MSDE program. The Aa3 rating on the COPs is one notch lower than the underlying general obligation rating due to the risk of annual non-appropriation.
- Sizable tax base benefiting from close proximity to Twin Cities metro area
- Strong socioeconomic indicators above sector median
- Limited General Fund balances relative to sector median
- Recent declines in property valuation
What could change the rating - UP
- Sustained increases to the General Fund balance
- Robust tax base expansion
What could change the rating - DOWN
- Declines in General Fund reserves and liquidity
- Deterioration of the district's tax base and demographic profile
- Negative multi-year enrollment trends pressuring revenues
PRINCIPAL METHODOLOGY
The principal methodology used in this rating was General Obligation Bonds Issued by U.S. Local Governments published in October 2009. Please see the Credit Policy page on www.moodys.com for a copy of this methodology.
The Global Scale Credit Ratings on this press release that are issued by one of Moody's affiliates outside the EU are endorsed by Moody's Investors Service Ltd., One Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E 14 5FA, UK, in accordance with Art.4 paragraph 3 of the Regulation (EC) No 1060/2009 on Credit Rating Agencies. Further information on the EU endorsement status and on the Moody's office that has issued a particular Credit Rating is available on www.moodys.com.
For ratings issued on a program, series or category/class of debt, this announcement provides relevant regulatory disclosures in relation to each rating of a subsequently issued bond or note of the same series or category/class of debt or pursuant to a program for which the ratings are derived exclusively from existing ratings in accordance with Moody's rating practices. For ratings issued on a support provider, this announcement provides relevant regulatory disclosures in relation to the rating action on the support provider and in relation to each particular rating action for securities that derive their credit ratings from the support provider's credit rating. For provisional ratings, this announcement provides relevant regulatory disclosures in relation to the provisional rating assigned, and in relation to a definitive rating that may be assigned subsequent to the final issuance of the debt, in each case where the transaction structure and terms have not changed prior to the assignment of the definitive rating in a manner that would have affected the rating. For further information please see the ratings tab on the issuer/entity page for the respective issuer on www.moodys.com.
Information sources used to prepare the rating are the following: parties involved in the ratings, parties not involved in the ratings, public information, and confidential and proprietary Moody's Investors Service's information.
Moody's considers the quality of information available on the rated entity, obligation or credit satisfactory for the purposes of issuing a rating.
Moody's adopts all necessary measures so that the information it uses in assigning a rating is of sufficient quality and from sources Moody's considers to be reliable including, when appropriate, independent third-party sources.
However, Moody's is not an auditor and cannot in every instance independently verify or validate information received in the rating process.
Please see the ratings disclosure page on www.moodys.com for general disclosure on potential conflicts of interests.
Please see the ratings disclosure page on www.moodys.com for information on (A) MCO's major shareholders (above 5%) and for (B) further information regarding certain affiliations that may exist between directors of MCO and rated entities as well as (C) the names of entities that hold ratings from MIS that have also publicly reported to the SEC an ownership interest in MCO of more than 5%. A member of the board of directors of this rated entity may also be a member of the board of directors of a shareholder of Moody's Corporation; however, Moody's has not independently verified this matter.
Please see Moody's Rating Symbols and Definitions on the Rating Process page on www.moodys.com for further information on the meaning of each rating category and the definition of default and recovery.
Please see ratings tab on the issuer/entity page on www.moodys.com for the last rating action and the rating history.
The date on which some ratings were first released goes back to a time before Moody's ratings were fully digitized and accurate data may not be available. Consequently, Moody's provides a date that it believes is the most reliable and accurate based on the information that is available to it. Please see the ratings disclosure page on our website www.moodys.com for further information.
Chandra Ghosal
Associate Analyst
Public Finance Group
Moody's FIS Domestic Sales Office - Chicago IL
JOURNALISTS: 212-553-0376
SUBSCRIBERS: 212-553-1653
Henrietta Chang
VP - Senior Credit Officer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hours of Operation:Monday & Wednesday, 8:30a.m.-2:00 p.m.; Tuesday 12:00-4:00 p.m.
The Assessor's office continuously updates information on all parcels of real property within the Town of Sherburne, which includes verifying the home and out buildings, topography of land and use, verifying and reviewing all sales that occur, directly dealing with the State on equalization rates and values .
Another focus of the assessor's office is the processing of property tax exemptions. Property exemptions are awarded for a variety of reasons. Some of the exemptions available are Senior Citizen, Enhanced Star and Basic Star for School Taxes, Veterans' Exemption, Agricultural Exemptions, Business Incentive Exemption among many others .
Always call the Assessor's office first with any questions you may have.
March 1: Taxable Status Date All exemption applications and renewals must be filed by March 1st to affect the following September's school tax bill and January property tax bill.
May 1: Tentative Assessment Roll Filed Property owners will be notified of any changes to their assessments at this time.
4th Tuesday in May: Grievance Day Property owners may appear or file the form with a written explanation if they feel their assessment is incorrect. Grievance forms will be available in the Assessor's Office at the end of April. The tentative assessment roll is also available for inspection prior to grievance day. After Grievance Day, (if you attended or sent in a written form) letters outlining the Assessment Board of Review's decision will be sent to property owners.
July 1: Final Assessment Roll Filed All changes from Grievance Day are entered on the final roll. The following September school tax and January property tax bills are based on the assessment as of July 1.


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In-Person Scotch Tasting this Weekend in Missoula
Angel Published: June 3, 2021
victoriya89
Over the past year, The Rhino has continued to do their various tastings, they just had to do them virtually. Fans would pick up the kits at the bar and join on Facebook live, and it seemed to work out great for all. But now that we're getting back to being out and about, their 2021 Ardbeg Day tasting will be in person at The Rhino.
Join Kevin Head this Saturday, June 5th from 2 to 5 p.m. for an unforgettable scotch tasting. If you've never participated, Ardbeg Day is celebrated around the world each June. According to the official Ardbeg website:
Ardbeg has been called "as close to perfection as makes no difference," by whisky connoisseurs. Proof then, that Ardbeg truly deserves its incredible reputation. It's a whisky that's worshipped around the world and has been named 'World Whisky of the Year' no less than 4 times out of the last 7 years…
The Rhino will feature 8 select single malts from Ardbeg for $45 per person, and of course, they will have some awesome Ardbeg swag to add to your collection! No need to register in advance, Kevin says they've got plenty of everything so just show up on Saturday at 2 p.m. Single malts featured will include:
Ardbog - 52.1%
Corryvreckan - 57.1%
Dark Cove - 55%
Drum Committee Edition - 52%
Supernova - 53.8%
Traigh Bhan 19 yr - 46.2%
Uigeadail - 54.2%
Wee Beastie 5 yr - 47.4%
As with most Missoula businesses, The Rhino is also looking to add to their staff for the summer rush. They'd like to bring on a few part time bartenders for catering events for an hourly wage plus tips, bartending experience is a bonus but not required, they will gladly train the right people for the job. They've got a fun crew down there in the heart of downtown, so if you're looking for a side hustle, drop off a resume to The Rhino or email therhinocatering@gmail.com
What Are the Signature Drinks From Every State?
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Spotting the signs of Cushing's disease could potentially save your dog's life. Here we outline some of the common warning symptoms to look out for (and don't forget, you can get more information on Cushing's in dogs by accessing this free Cushing's disease report).
Canine Cushing's syndrome is a chronic (lifelong) illness that can affect any dog (yes, even YOUR dog). If left untreated it can rapidly and severely affect your dog's quality of life and can lead to a range of more severe health problems and in certain cases, it can cause death.
Although Canine Cushing's syndrome is not curable, it IS an entirely treatable condition that is caused by a malfunctioning pituitary gland.
Go to: www.cushingsindogs.org and download the free report.


Meet Blackwater USA, the powerful private army that the U.S. government has quietly hired to operate in international war zones and on American soil. Its contacts run from deep inside the military and intelligence agencies to the upper echelons of the White House. Blackwater is the elite Praetorian Guard for the "global war on terror," with its own military base, a fleet of twenty aircraft, and 20,000 soldiers at the ready. Run by a multimillionaire Christian conservative who bankrolls President Bush and his allies, its forces are capable of overthrowing governments, and yet most people have never heard of Blackwater.
Blackwater is the dark story of the rise of a powerful mercenary army, ranging from the blood-soaked streets of Fallujah to rooftop firefights in Najaf to the hurricane-ravaged US gulf to Washington DC, where Blackwater executives are hailed as new heroes in the war on terror. This is an extraordinary exposé by one of America's most exciting young radical journalists.
To describe the ongoing Blackwater scandal as a fiasco would be a dramatic understatement. Not only do we have a situation in which private security contractors stand accused of killing Iraqi civilians without provocation, we also have deep divisions brewing between the Pentagon and the State Department, coupled by State stonewalling a congressional investigation.
A confrontation between the U.S. military and the State Department is unfolding over the involvement of Blackwater USA in the shooting deaths of Iraqi civilians in a Baghdad square Sept. 16, bringing to the surface long-simmering tensions between the military and private security companies in Iraq, according to U.S. military and government officials.
"This is a nightmare," said a senior U.S. military official. "We had guys who saw the aftermath, and it was very bad. This is going to hurt us badly. It may be worse than Abu Ghraib, and it comes at a time when we're trying to have an impact for the long term."
At this point, the State Department seems to be treating Blackwater contractors as the agency's own private army, accountable to no one outside the department. The Maliki government believes Blackwater is a criminal enterprise, the Iraqi people resent Blackwater's presence, the Pentagon believes Blackwater is lying about the Sept. 16 incident in Nisoor Square, and congressional Democrats have questions about what has transpired — which the State Department refuses to answer.
This is a debacle so severe and humiliating, only the Bush administration could pull it off.
David Kurtz offers this helpful timeline of events that sets the stage for where we are now.
Sun, Sept. 16: Blackwater incident in which 11 Iraqi civilians are killed after State Department convoy reportedly comes under fire, an account disputed by the Iraqis.
Mon, Sept. 17: Rep. Henry Waxman, chairman of the House Government Reform Committee announces his committee will investigate the Blackwater incident.
Tue, Sept. 18: The American Embassy in Baghdad suspends diplomatic convoys outside the Green Zone.
Wed, Sept. 19: In a phone call, Acting Assistant Secretary of State William Moser warns Blackwater that no information regarding the Blackwater contract can be released without State's prior written approval.
Thu, Sept. 20: Moser repeats the warning in a second call to Blackwater, and State sends Blackwater a follow-up letter again asserting again that the information possessed by Blackwater belongs to State and cannot be disclosed.
Fri, Sept. 21: The four-day suspension of State Department convoys ends and Blackwater resumes business. Secretary of State Condi Rice announces that her department will undertake a "full and complete review" of diplomatic security in Iraq.
And while it's certainly nice of Rice to suddenly take an interest in accountability, Congress, which has oversight responsibility and is paying the bills for all of this, believes a bipartisan review on Capitol Hill will produce a more accurate picture of what's transpired.
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice not only refuses to cooperate, her office has also ordered Blackwater not to answer any questions from lawmakers.
The State Department has interceded in a congressional investigation of Blackwater USA, the private security firm accused of killing Iraqi civilians last week, ordering the company not to disclose information about its Iraq operations without approval from the Bush administration, according to documents revealed Tuesday.
In a letter sent to a senior Blackwater executive Thursday, a State Department contracting official ordered the company "to make no disclosure of the documents or information" about its work in Iraq without permission.
I appreciate the fact that outrage fatigue is inevitable when dealing with the Bush gang, but this is truly ridiculous. We have American taxpayers financing a private security army, whose members stand accused of slaughtering civilians. The Secretary of State believes no one should ask any questions about this, and those who do must be ignored. It's pure lunacy.
The State Department's cooperation with a congressional inquiry is not optional. Rice can't simply refuse to divulge information, and ordering others to remain silent is getting fairly close to the obstruction-of-justice line.
When these guys act like they have something to hide, it's almost always because they have something to hide. Stay tuned.
Sometimes it seems that the only way to make sense of the Bush administration is to imagine that it's a vast experiment concocted by mad political scientists who want to see what happens if a nation systematically ignores everything we've learned over the past few centuries about how to make a modern government work.
And so are mercenaries, whom Machiavelli described as "useless and dangerous" more than four centuries ago.
And, yes, the so-called private security contractors are mercenaries. They're heavily armed. They carry out military missions, but they're private employees who don't answer to military discipline. On the other hand, they don't seem to be accountable to Iraqi or U.S. law, either. And they behave accordingly.
We may never know what really happened in a crowded Baghdad square two weeks ago. Employees of Blackwater USA claim that they were attacked by gunmen. Iraqi police and witnesses say that the contractors began firing randomly at a car that didn't get out of their way.
For example, Mr. Singer reminds us that in 2005 "armed contractors from the Zapata firm were detained by U.S. forces, who claimed they saw the private soldiers indiscriminately firing not only at Iraqi civilians, but also U.S. Marines." The contractors were not charged. In 2006, employees of Aegis, another security firm, posted a "trophy video" on the Internet that showed them shooting civilians, and employees of Triple Canopy, yet another contractor, were fired after alleging that a supervisor engaged in "joy-ride shooting" of Iraqi civilians.
Yet even among the contractors, Blackwater has the worst reputation. On Christmas Eve 2006, a drunken Blackwater employee reportedly shot and killed a guard of the Iraqi vice president. (The employee was flown out of the country, and has not been charged.) In May 2007, Blackwater employees reportedly shot an employee of Iraq's Interior Ministry, leading to an armed standoff between the firm and Iraqi police.
Iraqis aren't the only victims of this behavior. Of the nearly 4,000 American service members who have died in Iraq, scores if not hundreds would surely still be alive if it weren't for the hatred such incidents engender.
Don't tell me that they are irreplaceable. The Iraq war has now gone on for four and a half years — longer than American participation in World War II. There has been plenty of time for the Bush administration to find a way to do without mercenaries, if it wanted to.
Mr. Singer argues that reliance on private military contractors has let the administration avoid making hard political choices, such as admitting that it didn't send enough troops in the first place. Contractors, he writes, "offered the potential backstop of additional forces, but with no one having to lose any political capital." That's undoubtedly part of the story.
But it's also worth noting that the Bush administration has tried to privatize every aspect of the U.S. government it can, using taxpayers' money to give lucrative contracts to its friends — people like Erik Prince, the owner of Blackwater, who has strong Republican connections. You might think that national security would take precedence over the fetish for privatization — but remember, President Bush tried to keep airport security in private hands, even after 9/11.


results-driven hr manager specializing in high-volume employee relations, policy / procedure development, strategic analysis / planning, process improvement, benefits administration, and regulatory compliance eager to contribute 11 years experience toward optimizing an employer s success.
integral leader who offers skills in policy / procedure development, training programming, and regulatory compliance.
excellent communicator who plans, prioritizes, and manages tasks to optimize workflow and enhance productivity.
utilized broad scope of industry knowledge toward overseeing hr operations, including recruiting office and clinical staff, conducting initial pre-screening interviews, completing background checks, and delivering job offers.
coordinated and conducted new hire and benefits orientations; processed employee insurance, benefits, and enrollments (i.e. 401k); and maintained up-to-date required clinical staff licenses and certifications.
demonstrated sharp analytical abilities toward calculating payroll deductions for medical, dental, and life insurance, along with cost-effectively negotiating insurance coverage plan rates to obtain best coverage.
created and maintained employee, personnel, and other confidential files in accordance with state law requirements, and interfaced between employees and managers regarding resolution of key job-related issues.
gathered comprehensive data for management to accurately perform employee annual reviews, along with conducting employee exit interviews, processing exit paperwork, and overseeing implementation of cobra.
oversaw all employment verifications and inquiries and state disability claims, including managing and processing all workers compensation accident claims and investigations, and auditing clinical staff records for payroll.
conducted internal investigations for harassment claims and facilitated targeted sexual harassment training.
supported student services operations by managing administrative assistants and conducting reviews, overseeing all exams and course material processing, tracking student grades, and liaising between students and facility.
established and maintained effective recordkeeping procedures for approximately 10,000 students.
optimized organizational efficiency by updating employee handbook, policies, and procedures.
responded to edd claims and represented company at edd hearings.


text:
2019 Pro-Collegiate Showcase
Pioneers seeded 4th, open SAC postseason Friday with Catawba
ROCK HILL, S.C. --- For a 20th consecutive year, the Tusculum University baseball team has qualified for the South Atlantic Conference postseason and will be the No. 4 seed at the 2019 Pilot/Flying J SAC Championship. The eight-team, five-day championship is being held at Smokies Stadium in Kodak, Tennessee from Apr. 25-29.
The Pioneers (30-19) will face No. 3 seed Catawba College (38-12 / No. 11 in NCAA Division II) on Friday at 7:30 p.m.
The SAC Championship begins on Thursday with two single-elimination games as No. 5 seed Wingate (30-16) takes on No. 8 Coker (16-27-1), followed by No. 6 Carson-Newman (31-17) and No. 7 Anderson (19-29). The winners of those two contests advance to the double-elimination portion of the tournament which starts on Friday.
Top-seeded Newberry College (38-12 / No. 10 in NCAA II) , who captured the program's first-ever SAC Championship this season, will face the lowest seeded team of Thursday's winners at noon on Friday, while No. 2 seed Lincoln Memorial University (32-15 / No. 30 in NCAA II) will take on the highest seeded survivor from the single-elimination round on Friday at 3:45 p.m.
Tusculum swept last weekend's SAC series with Lenoir-Rhyne to finish tied for third in the final conference standings with Catawba. Tusculum and Catawba did not play against each other in the regular season and the Pioneers did not play Newberry. The tiebreaker came down to head-to-head record with LMU as Catawba went 2-1 against the Railsplitters and TU posted 1-2 record.
Tournament play will continue on Saturday and Sunday with the Championship game slated for 1 p.m. Monday afternoon. The winner of the Pilot/Flying J SAC Baseball Championship will receive the league's automatic bid to next month's NCAA Division II Tournament.
In their SAC Tournament history, the Pioneers have won the championship four times with the last coming in 2016 as TU and Catawba shared the tournament crown. The Pioneers have won the SAC Tournament in 2005, 2008, 2012 and 2016. Tusculum is 50-32 all-time in SAC postseason play including an 8-7 record against Catawba.
2019 Pilot / Flying J SAC Baseball Championship
Smokies Stadium | Kodak, Tenn.
Thursday, April 25, 2019 (single-elimination)
Game 1: No. 5 Wingate vs. No. 8 Coker, 4:30 p.m.
Game 2: No. 6 Carson-Newman vs. No. 7 Anderson, 7:30 p.m.
Friday, April 26, 2019 (double-elimination begins)
Game 3: No. 1 Newberry vs. lowest seed from Games 1 & 2, 12 p.m.
Game 4: No. 2 Lincoln Memorial vs highest seed from Game 1 & 2, 3:45 p.m.
Game 5: No. 3 Catawba vs. No. 4 Tusculum, 7:30 p.m.
Game 6: Game 3 loser vs. Game 4 loser, Noon
Game 7: Game 3 winner vs. Game 5 loser, 3:45 p.m.
Game 8: Game 4 winner vs. Game 5 winner, 7:30 p.m.
Game 9: Game 7 winner vs. Game 8 winner, 12 p.m.
Game 10: Game 6 winner vs. Game 8 loser, 3:45 p.m.
Game 11: Game 10 winner vs. Game 9 loser, 7:30 p.m.
Game 12: Game 9 winner vs. Game 11 winner, 1 p.m.
Game 13: Game 12 winner vs. Game 12 loser, 4 p.m. (if necessary)
Sat, 04/27 | Baseball vs. #10 Newberry L, 10-6 (Final) RC | BX | PH | V
Fri, 04/26 | Baseball vs. #11 Catawba L, 5-4 (Final) RC | BX | PH | V
Mon, 04/22 | Baseball vs. Lenoir-Rhyne W, 5-4 (Final - 9 innings) RC | BX | V
Mon, 04/22 | Baseball vs. Lenoir-Rhyne W, 6-5 (Final) RC | BX | PH | V
Sat, 04/20 | Baseball vs. Lenoir-Rhyne W, 4-3 (Final - 12 innings) RC | BX | PH | V


Over the past 20 years Taylor has represented Ireland across Europe & on the Young Riders Team, spending several years producing and riding up to CCI4*** in Italy.
Sorry - your browser or device does not support this video.
Edwin Hasler visits Snowdonia Riding Stables.


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When Lorenzo Rizzo returned to Belton School District–the school district he'd once attended as a student–to become their new Assistant Superintendent of School Improvement, he wanted to build a culture in which professional learning was explicitly aligned to strategic priorities. To do so, he needed to capture data that would help his team assess progress. The main challenge? Shifting the culture to embrace this data required a thoughtful approach designed to build trust. Below, we'll detail some of the strategies and processes Belton has used to build trust and investment in a data-informed culture.
Lorenzo introduced the idea of non-evaluative data collection by asking teachers to complete an anonymous self-assessment. Belton teachers start at the beginning of the year assessing themselves on areas that are outlined in his school district's improvement plan–areas like student engagement strategies, instructional practices, conscious discipline, and technology integration.
Teachers also weigh in on what topics of interest and their preferred learning styles. These answers influence planning, giving Lorenzo's instructional coaches, principals, and central office team the information they need to adapt their plan to best address teacher need. It also gives them a great opportunity to model a tight feedback loop, building investment from teachers by showing them that their voice is both being heard and put to use.
Lorenzo's next move was to introduce classroom walkthrough protocols, which would capture a clear, formative picture of the observable changes taking place in classrooms throughout the year.
To ensure trust in the data, Lorenzo carefully framed these walkthroughs with a goal-oriented protocol. Administrators, instructional coaches, and superintendents conduct school and classroom walkthroughs based on school-specific goals that principals communicate out in advance. These goals are communicated to teachers in advance so that teachers are set up for success. The results are then recorded and reported, allowing Belton to pinpoint high-level trends and plan school-specific professional development.
After collecting the walkthrough data, the summarized results were shared with instructional coaches and principals so it could be used to tailor support.
"During walkthroughs, we share "stars" for positive feedback and "wishes" for missed learning opportunities with teachers. This format makes feedback feel non-evaluative and gives us (as administrators) a sense of what is working well in classrooms so that we can build opportunities for teachers to learn from one another."
The teacher self-assessments showed another theme: teachers wanted to be given time to observe another teacher. As a result, Belton started implementing Teacher Learning Walks, where teachers have the opportunity to observe peers who have been identified by their principals or other teachers.
"We identify star teachers from the initiatives we are looking at, and teachers can learn from each other. Afterwards, they have a discussion."
When they first launched the Teacher Learning Walks, Mill Creek Upper Elementary principal Kim Mauck created a schedule for teacher observations that connected teachers to recommended peers. In the second year, however, she listened to feedback from her teachers and built in opportunities to be more informal: the team uses pineapple charts to identify classrooms and proactively connect teachers during the school day.
"This process of teacher learning walks makes it more personalized; teachers are able to see exactly what they're hoping to observe in quick bursts without the pressure of creating sub plans. It has made our classrooms and hallways more open. Teachers can get stuck sometimes in their classrooms and it's been really productive to allow them to get out and just learn from each other."
During Learning Walks, teachers reflect on the instructional practices they are observing, and how they might apply them to their own teaching. They also describe specific areas they intend to apply to their own teaching. This data feeds into the big picture for instructional coaches and principals but can also be shared with the host teachers so that there's a strong feedback loop for everyone involved.
With a full school year of intensive data collection under their belt, Lorenzo and his team are able to point to longitudinal data to get a complete picture of what's happening in classrooms and school communities. They've also started using KickUp's new event management tools, which allow them to manage the nitty gritty of event registration while tying professional learning events back to data they collect on impact.
Want to learn more about Belton? Check out their case study here.


text:
48 Hours in Seneca Falls, NY
Mar 15, 2019 by Ethan LaCroix
From July 19–20, 1848, a group of 300 women and 42 men came together in Wesleyan Chapel in Seneca Falls for the first-ever women's rights convention in the U.S. They began laying the groundwork for what would lead to women's suffrage in New York in 1917, three years before the nation followed. Today, the Wesleyan Chapel stands at the corner of Fall and Mynderse Streets, anchoring a charming strip in a Finger Lakes town that makes for a perfect weekend getaway.
5 pm: Gould Hotel
Check into the historic Gould Hotel—which dates back to 1920, but is definitely not stuck in the past. The chic rooms, complete with a chandelier above every comfy bed, have a decidedly boutique vibe with high ceilings, purple-and-gray accents, and dark hardwood floors. After you settle in, head to the Gould's dining room for delicious and wide-ranging fare like steak fritas and Yankee pot roast. If you want to eat like a local, try the chicken riggies. (That's chicken rigatoni for those who don't speak New York.)
7:30 pm: After dinner, swing by the bar to enjoy a local brew with the locals (the staff is quick with a recommendation), and check out a live music performance. (The Gould hosts them every Friday night.)
9 am: Penny's Place
Take a quick drive (or a pleasant 30-minute stroll) over to Penny's Place, which serves classic and kid-friendly diner fare like omelets and pancakes. TripAdvisor users have rated it one of the top places to eat in Seneca Falls.
10 am: National Women's Rights Historic Park
The National Women's Rights Historic Park isn't a single park, but rather a collection of historic sites in Seneca Falls and the surrounding communities. The Visitor's Center is located right in the middle of town, next to the Wesleyan Chapel. Stop by here to learn more about the various sites associated with the Park, and check out Sculptor Lloyd Lillie's "The First Wave" installation, featuring life-size bronze statues of key figures at the First Women's Rights Convention.
12 pm: Lunch at Downtown Deli
This popular lunch spot is famous for its intimidatingly huge sandwiches with names like Balboa, Jersey Joe, and Drama Queen. Plan to split a whole or just get half if you're flying solo.
1 pm: It's A Wonderful Life Museum
It's widely believed that Seneca Falls was the inspiration for the fictional town of Bedford Falls in the classic film It's A Wonderful Life. This charming collection of items from and related to the film and its cast includes international movie posters and information on Donna Reed's peace activism during the Vietnam era.
2 pm: National Women's Hall of Fame
Trailblazing American women from Anne Hutchinson to Oprah Winfrey and beyond are honored in this info-packed hall, where visitors can read the impressive biographies of some of the most important figures in American History. It's inspiring stuff, and kids will love leaving a note about women who have inspired their own lives.
4 pm: Destiny USA
Syracuse is just about 45 minutes from Seneca Falls, so check out this ever-expanding fun plex. Among its dozens of shopping, food, and entertainment options, Destiny includes fun activities like go-karts, a mirror maze, and the "amusement park for the mind," WonderWorks, where you can lie on a bed of nails, experience hurricane-force winds, and more.
9 am: After breakfast at the hotel, head out for a walk around town. The Cayuga–Seneca Canal—down the hill across from the hotel—makes for a lovely stroll, and there are benches along the way to stop and take in the scene (and snap some pictures). Across the canal, you'll see the Seneca Knitting Mill, the future home of the National Women's Hall of Fame and the Center for Great Women. To learn more about the project and renovation, head here. Right next to the mill, you'll see what's known by locals as Bailey Bridge, the very crossing said to have inspired the events in It's a Wonderful Life.
11 am: Check out M'Clintock House, another part of the Women's Rights Historic Park. This was once the home of Thomas and Mary Ann M'Clintock, a couple who was involved in virtually every reform movement of their era, including women's suffrage and abolition. The house was even a stop on the Underground Railroad. (Call ahead before visiting; hours can be irregular.)
2 pm: When in the Finger Lakes, you need to sample wine! Head to the Thirsty Owl, part of the Cayuga Lake Wine Trail, just 20 minutes outside of Seneca Falls, where you can have lunch at their Bistro, open daily with crowd-pleasing options like "Owl Riggies" (made with goat cheese) and ice cream from Cayuga Lake Creamery. Taking in views of beautiful Cayuga Lake will be the perfect cap to your weekend. (And don't forget to pick up a few bottles before you head home.)
From Albany: 3 hours
From Buffalo: 2 hours
From NYC: 5 hours
From Philadelphia: 5 hours
From Cleveland: 5 hours
From Montreal: 5 hours
From Boston: 5 hours, 45 minutes
Closest Airports:
Syracuse Hancock International Airport: 1 hour
Greater Rochester International Airport: 1 hour
Amtrak to Syracuse or Rochester
Share your New York adventures on Instagram and Twitter with #ILoveNY and #iSpyNY and tag us on Facebook!
Categories: Finger Lakes
Author: Ethan LaCroix
Ethan LaCroix was the managing editor of ILoveNY.com until May 2018.


text:
Covid-19 : Castex announces 80 million daides extra for the wine industry - The Point
Jean Castex, announced on Wednesday 5 August 2020 an additional envelope of € 80 million to support the vine-growers, hard hit by the consequences of the crisis
05 August 2020 Wednesday 08:33
Jean Castex, announced on Wednesday 5 August 2020 an additional envelope of € 80 million to support the vine-growers, hard hit by the consequences of the crisis of the sars coronavirus, during a visit to Sancerre. This envelope is added to the plan of aid by 170 million euros released in may by the previous government. "I have requested that the aid can be distributed as quickly as possible, because the cash flow needs (...) are strong," added the Prime minister.
Without going into detail, Jean Castex has specified that such aid would be intended to improve the storage of the surplus and to increase the distillation of unsold. "In any case, we made the choice, of course, allow these companies to pass this crisis in the best conditions possible," assured the tenant of Matignon, who came to network with local professionals at the maison des vins de Sancerre.
Read also The great wines of Burgundy do not want to end up in a hydroalcoholic gel
1,5 billion euro shortfall
The Prime minister had visited previously in another area of the Cher, on an organic farm in Menetou-Salon. "Quality, quality, quality, that is the spearhead of our viticulture, it is necessary to encourage the quality," argued Jean Castex. "We must encourage the political sector to prepare for this transition environmental ", he also pointed out promising a " support State ".
In total, the winemakers believe that the health crisis has created a shortfall of at least 1.5 billion euros due to the shutdown of bars, restaurants, festive events and tourism. The crisis of the novel coronavirus is also added to the effect of the u.s. sanctions imposed in late 2019 on the wines of less than 14 degrees (excluding sparkling wines), in retaliation for a trade dispute between Airbus and Boeing.
Updated Date: 05 August 2020, 08:33
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Corsica : he was elected to the city council so that...


Solar panels absorb the sunlight as a source of energy to generate electricity or heat.
A photovoltaic (PV) Canadian Solar 355W Poly PERC KuMax GEN4 module is a packaged, connect assembly of typically 6×10 photovoltaic solar cells. Photovoltaic modules constitute the photovoltaic array of a photovoltaic system that generates and supplies solar electricity in commercial and residential applications. Each module is rated by its DC output power under standard test conditions (STC), and typically ranges from 100 to 365 Watts (W). The efficiency of a module determines the area of a module given the same rated output – an 8% efficient 230 W module will have twice the area of a 16% efficient 230 W module. There are a few commercially available solar modules that exceed efficiency of 22% and reportedly also exceeding 24%. A single solar module can produce only a limited amount of power; most installations contain multiple modules. A photovoltaic system typically includes an array of photovoltaic modules, an inverter, a battery pack for storage, interconnection wiring, and optionally a solar tracking mechanism.
The most common application of solar panels is solar water heating systems.
The price of solar power has continued to fall so that in many countries it is cheaper than ordinary fossil fuel electricity from the grid (there is "grid parity").
Photovoltaic modules use light energy (photons) from the Sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect. The majority of modules use wafer-based crystalline silicon cells or thin-film cells. The structural (load carrying) member of a module can either be the top layer or the back layer. Cells must also be protected from mechanical damage and moisture. Most modules are rigid, but semi-flexible ones are available, based on thin-film cells. The cells must be connected electrically in series, one to another. Externally, most of photovoltaic modules use MC4 connectors type to facilitate easy weatherproof connections to the rest of the system.
Modules electrical connections are made in series to achieve a desired output voltage or in parallel to provide a desired current capability. The conducting wires that take the current off the modules may contain silver, copper or other non-magnetic conductive transition metals. Bypass diodes may be incorporated or used externally, in case of partial module shading, to maximize the output of module sections still illuminated.
Some special solar PV modules include concentrators in which light is focused by lenses or mirrors onto smaller cells. This enables the use of cells with a high cost per unit area (such as gallium arsenide) in a cost-effective way.


text:
namespace crypto {
class RSAPrivateKey;
}  // namespace crypto

namespace policy {

// Provides access to predefined test signing keys and allows for data signing
// using those keys. Keys are indexed and retrieved by 1-based key versions.
class SignatureProvider {
 public:
  // Provides access to a predefined test signing key.
  class SigningKey {
   public:
    SigningKey(std::unique_ptr<crypto::RSAPrivateKey> private_key,
               const std::map<std::string, std::string>& signatures);
    SigningKey(SigningKey&& signing_key);
    SigningKey& operator=(SigningKey&& signing_key);
    ~SigningKey();

    // Looks up the domain's signature in the passed dictionary. Returns true if
    // domain is in |signatures_| or false otherwise.
    bool GetSignatureForDomain(const std::string& domain,
                               std::string* signature) const;

    // Signs |str| using the private key.
    bool Sign(const std::string& str, std::string* signature) const;

    const std::string& public_key() const { return public_key_; }

   private:
    // The key used for signing.
    std::unique_ptr<crypto::RSAPrivateKey> private_key_;

    // The public key corresponding to |private_key_|.
    std::string public_key_;

    // Maps domains to the corresponding signatures.
    std::map<std::string, std::string> signatures_;
  };

  // Domains with pre-computed signatures.
  static constexpr char kTestDomain1[] = "example.com";
  static constexpr char kTestDomain2[] = "chromepolicytest.com";
  static constexpr char kTestDomain3[] = "managedchrome.com";

  SignatureProvider();
  SignatureProvider(SignatureProvider&& signature_provider);
  SignatureProvider& operator=(SignatureProvider&& signature_provider);
  virtual ~SignatureProvider();

  // Returns the key corresponding to |key_version| (1-based) or nullptr if
  // |key_version| is out-of-bounds. Used when a key version is specified by the
  // client.
  const SigningKey* GetKeyByVersion(int key_version) const;

  // Shortcut for |GetKeyByVersion(current_key_version_)|, used when the client
  // doesn't specify the key version to be used.
  const SigningKey* GetCurrentKey() const;

  const std::vector<SigningKey>& signing_keys() const { return signing_keys_; }
  void set_signing_keys(std::vector<SigningKey> signing_keys) {
    signing_keys_ = std::move(signing_keys);
  }

  int current_key_version() const { return current_key_version_; }
  void set_current_key_version(int current_key_version) {
    current_key_version_ = current_key_version;
  }

 private:
  std::vector<SigningKey> signing_keys_;

  // The key version to be used if no key version is defined by the client.
  int current_key_version_ = 1;
};

}  // namespace policy

#endif  // COMPONENTS_POLICY_TEST_SUPPORT_SIGNATURE_PROVIDER_H_

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Database – the database is one of the most important elements in an interactive website. Data driven websites are especially useful when you have plenty of information, products or services. All of this information can be stored in a database. A data driven website invites visitors to select what they are interested in. Powerful MySQL database systems are created to meet the demand of full e-commerce solutions, online product catalogues, portals or websites with a large amount of information. Storing your information in a central location allows for easier maintenance and management of the content. Updates, additions or deletions are as easy to administer.
Web Hosting – a team of technicians monitor all of the servers 24 hours per day 365 days per year and our current average availability rate (up time) is 99.27%.
Secure Server – 128bit SSL high encryption. This technology is ideal for sensitive data (eg Credit Card Details) from your customers. SSL is widely used and believed to provide the highest level of data protection.
Search Engines – after extensive research on the behaviour of search engines and testing several products that promise to deliver great results, we have devised a solution that combines the way a website is built, with the way each major search engine reads your site.
Address – the unique location of a web page on the internet.
Bounce – what happens to an e-mail when it is sent to an invalid address.
Client-Server – describes the relationship between two different computers. One computer, the client, requests information from another computer, the server. The server gives, the client takes.
Domain Name – identifies a server (or virtual server) on the net. Domain names typically consist of a host name followed by a top level domain category such as '.com', '.co' or '.org' and then perhaps a country abbreviation like '.uk'.
Domain Name System (DNS) – every server on the internet can be identified by its IP address; these consist of a series of digits, eg 195.182.176.1. It isn't easy to remember a series of digits for each web site you wish to visit, so the Domain Name System was created. This maps a name to the IP address.
Encryption – a way of scrambling data so only the intended recipient can decipher it.
Firewall – a security setup that prevents unauthorised users gaining entry to a private network.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – FTP Programs is a fast way of uploading and downloading files from the internet. We recommend Cute FTP.
Gateway – a computer that controls access to the internet. You'll go through a gateway computer to get to the net.
Hit – a measure of a visit to a web page. When someone visits a web page that page has received one hit.
HTML – Hypertext Mark-up Language (HTML) is the code from which every web page is made. Your web browser reads the HTML and then presents the page on your screen.
HTTP – the protocol used by browsers to download web pages from web servers.
Java – a powerful web page programming language.
MIME – Multiple Internet Mail Extensions. This is a standard way of enclosing e-mail attachments so that users of different e-mail programs can still send each other files without encountering problems.
PGP – Pretty Good Privacy. This is a popular way of encrypting messages.
POP – Post Office Protocol. This is the protocol used by your e-mail program to retrieve messages from the server.
POP account – this is where you download your e-mail from; a pop account is not necessarily the same as an e-mail address, so your e-mail address may be info@yourdomain.com and the pop account may be 'fred'.
Router – a computer that redirects data.
Secure server – a computer that handles encrypted data for secure transactions.
Server – a computer which provides information to other computers. Your web site is stored on our web servers.
Spam – sending large quantities of unsolicited e-mail. Supanames.co.uk does not allow customers to spam.
Telnet – a protocol that enables you to make a remote connection to a computer.


Check figures, postings, and documents for accuracy. Organize, secure, and maintain all files, records, cash and cash equivalents in accordance with policies and procedures. Record, store, and/or analyze computerized financial and payroll information. Prepare, maintain, audit, and distribute statistical, financial, accounting, auditing, or payroll reports and tables. Maintain, update, create, secure, and archive employee payroll records and files. Review, verify, and reconcile punches, hours worked, pay adjustments, and other pay-related information, and post information onto designated records. Back up transaction files and transmit to payroll system according to company procedures. Process and/or issue employee paychecks and statements of earnings and deductions. Compute employee wages and deductions (e.g., union dues, insurance, parking, 401k) and enter wages and deductions into payroll system. Provide information to employees and managers/supervisors on payroll matters, tax issues, benefit plans, and collective bargaining agreement provisions. Complete batch adjustments to payroll. Adjust basic settings in time clock system (e.g., employee schedule, time clock restrictions) and correct punches.


text:
Murder, etc.
About Brad Willis
About Murder, etc.
The File
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Episode 16: Behind the Wall
https://murderetcpodcast.podbean.com/mf/play/b8dv8k/Behind_the_Wall.mp3
Biographies | Show notes | Subscribe on Apple Podcasts | Other listening options
Behind the Wall introduces listeners to South Carolina's hellish Central Correctional Institution, at one time home to the state's Death Row and where Charles Wakefield spent years of his life. For more, read the show notes or listen to the episode above.
South Carolina built Central Correctional Institution in 1867. In 1912, the state installed the electric chair in the CCI Death House. More than 200 condemned inmates died there. Over the years it operated, CCI housed 80,000 prisoners and averaged a stabbing every 10 days. The state has since demolished the prison, and developers have built luxury townhomes in its place.
GEORGE STINNEY JR.
George Stinney Jr. was the youngest person convicted and sentenced to death. He was 14 years old when South Carolina convicted him of killing two white girls. The state executed him in June of 1944 less than 90 days after the crime. In 2014, a judge ruled Stinney had not received a fair trial.
Pee Wee Gaskins
Serial killer Donald "Pee Wee" Gaskins served time at CCI in the 1970s and 1980s. He claimed to have killed more than 100 people.
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Behind the Wall introduces listeners to South Carolina's most notorious prison, Central Correctional Institution (CCI).
CCI was built in 1867 and housed 80,000 prisoners over the course of more than 120 years in operation, including Charles Wakefield, Jr.
In this episode, Charles Wakefield offers an in-depth description of life behind The Wall and the time he spent on Death Row.
Featured interviews in Behind the Wall
Charles Wakefield
Vanessa McKinney
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CCI Charles Wakefield Death Row
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Kentucky Sports Radio's Matt Jones Won't Run For Office In 2016
By Joseph Lord
Photo: Tyler Franklin
Saying he's unwilling to give up his sports commentary gig just yet, Kentucky Sports Radio founder Matt Jones announced Monday he won't run for political office in 2016.
Jones, a Democrat, spent much of the summer and fall entertaining the possibility of running for Congress in Kentucky's 6th District, which includes Lexington. Rep. Andy Barr, a Republican, currently holds the seat.
How A Sports Radio Show Became A Must Stop For Kentucky Politics
And Jones recently told WFPL News that he hadn't ruled out a run for Sen. Rand Paul's seat.
"I am extremely proud of what we have built here at KSR and the amazing opportunity I get to have as a part of it daily," Jones wrote in a piece published Monday on the Kentucky Sports Radio blog. "Every day I get a chance to get up, work with friends I love and try to entertain thousands of people about a topic we all share. The reality is that as of now, I cannot say I am ready to completely give it up."
Though known best for his Kentucky Wildcats-centric blog and radio show, Jones has recently hosted political candidates, debates and officeholders. He also hosted the political speeches during this summer's Fancy Farm Picnic, the traditional kickoff of Kentucky's general election season.
On Monday, Jones wrote that he had discussed the possibility of a political bid with family, friends and people involved in politics. He said he believed he could win a political race but was unwilling to give up his Kentucky Sports Radio gig.
Jones, who is also an attorney, said it's "likely" he'll run for political office in a later election.
He also used his announcement to take a dig at Louisville Cardinals basketball coach Rick Pitino.
"I have too much love for my current job to completely step away, so I know my heart is not ready to shift gears entirely as running a successful campaign would demand," Jones wrote. "Rick Pitino left UK's Camelot early in 1997 and ended up finding himself the coach at UL. I would hate to make the same mistake and find a similar fate."
Featured image by J. Tyler Franklin
New Film, Activisms & Other Ky. MLK Day Events In Louisville


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#EndSARS Protests: Eze condoles Nigerians over wanton destruction, deaths - ITREALMS
The chieftain of the All Progressives Congress (APC) and erstwhile National Publicity Secretary of the defunct New People's Democratic Party (nPDP), Chief Eze Chukwuemeka Eze, has condoled Nigerians over the wanton destruction and deaths linked to the #EndSARS protest, reports ITREALMS.
A press statement made available to ITREALMS, Eze said although every Nigerian reserves the right to embark on a peaceful protest in line with constitutional provisions on fundamental rights, but where the exercise of such right becomes an avenue to cause discomfort and national unrest, it becomes unacceptable to people of sound morals. It provokes a responsible government to take steps towards containing the situation and putting up strategy to mitigate impacts on citizens and the economy.
The party chief joined other notable Nigerians including former presidents to commend President Muhammadu Buhari for the proactive steps he has taken so far and the very thoughtful steps he intends to take as contained in his address to the nation.
He hailed the President for particularly accepting to implement all of the demands of the protesters and approving an increment in the salaries of officers and men of the Nigerian Police.
Eze quoted the President thus: "This government respects and will continue to respect all the democratic rights and civil liberties of the people, but it will not allow anybody or groups to disrupt the peace of our nation. Security agencies have been mandated to protect lives and properties of Nigerians."
He counselled Nigerian youths to critically consider and act on the instructions of Mr. President whom he said has shown appreciable passion for service to the nation.
Eze described the alleged Lekki TollGate incident as not only unfortunate but also as an overrated and blown out of proportion in order to usher in the ceaseless destruction of public and private property and institutions.
He urged the President to set in machinery to ascertain what truly happened and bring the truth to the public glare so that false tale bearers and saboteurs will be shamed.
The chief said he saw the incident as another calculated attempt by those who engineered it to plunge the nation into an unprecedented and unimaginable crisis as several alleged victims of the purported massacre have denied media reports which pegged number of casualties at over 74.
He said this clearly was an attempt to discredit the President Buhari/APC led Federal Government and rub the image of the country in the mud of disrepute.
The fictitious report, Eze said, resulted in the wanton destruction of public and private property and investments; the palace of the revered Oba of Lagos, cars belonging to innocent Nigerians, Correctional Centres, Banks, Police stations, Media Houses. Even the house of the mother of Lagos State Governor was set ablaze, amongst others. Nigeria Soldiers and Police personnel also lost their lives to the incident.
The APC chieftain called on the Presidency and Security Agencies to severally investigate the Lekki TollGate incident and bring the perpetrators and those who may have sponsored the incident to justice.
While appealing to Nigerians in the Diaspora and the International Community to speak up against the killings of Army and Police personnel, destruction of some Media Houses, Correctional Centres, Police stations, cars, etc., belonging to innocent Nigerians, Eze counselled people of goodwill to pray for the survival of the country as the conspiracy and satanic collaboration against the nation is building up by the day.
Eze condemned calls by evil forces in some quarters for the resignation of President Buhari who has put in reasonable efforts to liberate the country from the painful effect of the PDP 16-year maladministration and misrule
The party bigwig cautioned those he described as political desperados, who are in a hurry to take over the reins of power to exercise restraint and be a bit more patient until 2023, warning that any plot to abruptly end the Buhari/APC administration will be an exercise in futility.
On the other hand, Eze commended President Buhari for showing enormous goodwill by giving a sympathetic hearing to the cries of citizens and swiftly disbanding SARS and pledging Police reforms -a process which he said has already begun.
He said enemies and opponents of the ruling parry were unhappy that what they could not achieve in their 16 years of maladministration have been achieved in less than five years of the Buhari's Administration.
Eze postulated that those who conceptualised the idea of the #ENDSARS Protest never envisaged the destruction of lives and properties of citizens and attacks on police facilities as was perpetrated. He said if the acts of vandalism, arson, disruption of movements of innocent Nigerians etc., were part of the original idea and vision of the #ENDSARS Project, then it doesn't portray us as a serious nation.
Eze regretted that what is currently happening in NIGERIA is no longer #EndSARS protest but arson, criminal invasion and looting of private properties and this must be stopped by every means possible. I therefore urge all patriotic Youths to rise and protect our common patrimony and save both our public and private property from the hands of these so called hoodlums. It is evil burning public infrastructure and wanton killings that have characterized the common features of our nation.
Eze commanded the Edo, Imo, Ondo, Ekiti, Ebonyi, Rivers, Plateau, Lagos and some other state governments for imposing curfews in their states in a bid to restore sanity and peace to their domains which are fast sliding into breeding grounds and safe havens for agents of destabilisation.
Eze notes with happiness the coming back on air of TVCN after the massive destruction of the Station. With the type of zeal and spirit exhibited by the Management and staff of this award winning station shows that no matter the damages and destruction that occurred in various States we can still rebuild our nation.
He called on President Buhari to sit down with his eggheads and address other grey areas particularly the huge and unacceptable salaries and allowances of members of the National Assembly and unchecked corruption in high places including the lopsidedness of security chiefs from one section of the country.
"President Buhari, no matter the thinking of anybody or group of people, has demonstrated his intention to take this nation to a higher height not minding a few shortcomings which would be addressed as soon as possible" he said.
He called on Nigerians and democratic forces to rise up and support the President in defending the integrity and sovereignty of the nation at this point, for, without a nation, there can be good governance let alone prosperity.
Uboshe Uboshe/Editor


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Edwardian Gold Caduceus Brooch
DATE: Edwardian, 1914
An outstanding antique brooch modelled as the caduceus ☤ (aka staff of Hermes). In Greek mythology the staff was given to Hermes by his half brother Apollo as a gift in return for the tortoise shell lyre, although its origins can be traced back as far as ancient Mesopotania - circa 3500 BC - and the Sumerian god Ningishzida who carried a wingless version of the double snaked staff.
It's a particularly potent symbol that to this day represents, by extension of Hermes and Mercury, the traits associated with those gods: trades and occupations broadly speaking, but more specifically as a symbol of wealth, wisdom, commerce, eloquence, thieving, and negotiation. To the ancient Greeks, the staff was also said to possess the power to make people fall asleep or wake up, and to also make peace between quarreling parties.
In modern usage, the caduceus is sometimes (incorrectly) adopted as a symbol for medicine, having been confused with the Rod of Asclepius (which features only one snake and no wings) carried by the Greek god of medicine. It's thought that the confusion arose when in 1902 the US Army Medical Corps chose it as its insignia. on the insistence of a single officer. Although it's usage as a medical symbol is now in decline, there's a certain irony there, as outlined in Luke Van Orden's book 'Where Have All The Healers Gone?':
"Well, so much for the caduceus. Somebody obviously got the wrong symbol for modern medicine–or did they? The caduceus seems to be an appropriate symbol for modern commercial medicine. Of particular relevance are the functions of escorting souls of the dead, wisdom, fertility, commerce, luck, eloquence, cheating and thieving. These have become symbolic of how medicine evolved in the late Twentieth Century."
The brooch is crafted in 9 karat gold and especially finely detailed, with clear London hallmarks dating it to 1914 and CW maker's mark for Charles Weeden.
3.9 x 2.7cm
English hallmarks for 9k gold, London 1914
Charles Weeden maker's mark
More Brooches


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In order to maintain compliance with regulations, firms must regularly evaluate their supervisory practices and devote sufficient time to reviewing the adequacy of their audit plan. For some firms, this challenge is exacerbated by regular increases in the number of annual branch office exams and the attendant time-consuming preparation and audit closure processes. The rigorous processes to ensure compliance include random client sampling, full branch audit and remediation documentation, audit trails, reporting, and close out letters. Effective management of the aggregate demands streamlined, efficient processes and the automated capture of audit and remediation activities. Today, many organizations still rely on manual, paper or email-driven systems to manage their branch audit program. These firms are significantly handicapped to assess their overall compliance status and remediate compliance failures on a timely basis, increasing their risk exposure and the potential of fines, sanctions and reputational impact.
RegEd's industry-leading Audit Management solution enables firms to fully plan, schedule, conduct, resolve and report on branch audits. The solution standardizes intake, remediation and reporting conventions to drive consistency and ensure that the audit program is being executed within company and regulatory guidelines. Proven over scores of implementations, Audit Management significantly reduces manual, paper-driven processes, creating a seamless, efficient, end-to-end process for branch audit reviews. The solution's robust capabilities enable effective oversight and efficient administration of the branch audit program while facilitating the ability of administrators, supervisors, auditors and auditees to readily participate in the process at all appropriate junctures. Audit Management can be configured to reflect the firm's specific organizational hierarchy and business processes, including the ability to conduct audits online or offline, customize audit modules and automate specific tasks based on findings.
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Support for mobile devices enables auditors to conduct audits onsite via tablet or other mobile device.
Fully configurable workflow facilitates post audit review according to the firm's business processes.
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Auto-generated, firm-customized findings letters with live editing capabilities to reduce post-audit work, increase auditor efficiency and ensure consistency.
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Notifications and alerts identify outstanding tasks and audit tracking capabilities enable views of current status across all tasks to ensure their timely completion.
Configurable audit scoring allows firms to easily assign ratings identify and monitor risk.


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Магнус Миннелшельд (, ? —  или ) — средневековый шведский магнат из Дома Бьельбу. Для потомков он более всего известен как отец известного государственного деятеля ярла Биргера и предка более поздних шведских королей. Иногда он считается погибшим в битве под Леной в 1208 году, хотя доказательства не являются окончательными.

Происхождение
Самым дальним из его известных предков, как полагают, является Фольке Толстый, могущественный шведский конунг начала XII века, который женился на Ингегерд Кнудсдаттер, дочери короля Дании Кнуда Святого и Аделы Фландрской, наследницы Карла Великого. После смерти Аделы Ингегерд со своей сестрой Сесилией уехала в Швецию и вышла там замуж, поэтому Фольке и его наследники были родственниками правящей элиты Королевства Дании.

Средневековая шведская генеалогия констатирует, что «Фольке Толстый был отцом Бенедикта (Бенгта) Снивиля, и что Бенедикт породил ярла Биргера, ярла Карла и Магнуса, которого прозвали Миннелшельд». В то время как его старший брат Биргер Броса занимал должность риксярла в период между 1174 и 1202 годами, младший Магнус жил в семейном поместье Бьельбу, в нынешнем муниципалитете Мёльби, Эстергётланд. Предполагалось, что он был королевским судьёй Эстергётланда, хотя это не задокументировано. Он женился на дворянке Ингрид Ильва, возможно, королевского происхождения и стал отцом нескольких сыновей, которые повлияли затем на шведскую историю, в первую очередь Биргера. Он упоминается в двух документах того времени в качестве брата Биргера Бросы, а также королём Магнусом Биргерссоном, который в письме в 1280 году назвал его «дедушкой».

Прозвище Магнуса, латинизированное как Миннелшельд (Мinnesköld), можно толковать по-разному. Оно может происходить от minni (память), оно может ссылаться на луну (måne) на его щите, или его можно интерпретировать как «малый щит» (mindre sköld).

Магнус Миннелшельд, вероятно, был женат дважды; этим можно объяснить большую разницу в возрасте его детей. Ничего не известно о его предполагаемой первой жене. Магнус женился на своей второй жене около 1195 года. Это была Ингрид Ильва, которая, по словам шведского реформатора и историка Олауса Петри, была дочерью Суне Сика. Такая же информация встречается в средневековой генеалогии, скопированной в XVI веке. Суне Сик, если он существовал, был младшим сыном короля Швеции Сверкера I.

Борьба за корону
Судя по наследству своих потомков, Магнус Миннелшельд владел различными землями в Эстергётланде и, вероятно, отвечал за строительство церкви Бьельбу. Хотя, будучи младшим братом Биргера Бросы, Магнус не был главой могущественной семьи, его принадлежность к правящей элите предполагает, что он активно участвовал в войне между Сверкером II из Дома Сверкеров и Эриком Кнутссоном из Дома Эриков за шведскую корону, которая была оспорена в трёх основных сражениях. Первой была битва при Эльгаросе (теперь это место в шведской общине Тёребуда в Вестергётланде) в ноябре 1205 года, где король Сверкер II победил Эрика Кнутссона. Второй — битва под Леной (теперь Кунгслена в Вестергётланде) 31 января 1208 года, в которой Эрик Кнутссон со шведской (и, возможно, норвежской) армией одержал сокрушительную победу над королём Сверкером II и его датской армией, возвёл себя на трон и воцарился как Эрик Х, король Швеции с 1208 по 1216 год. Последней была битва при Гестилрене (возможно, в Энкопинге в Уппланде) 17 июля 1210 года, в которой изгнанный король Сверкер II с датской армией попытался вернуть себе трон, но был побеждён и погиб в битве.

Средневековый Liber Daticus (Книга пожертвований) из Лунда утверждает, что аристократ по имени Магнус пал в битве под Леной. Однако тождество этого Магнуса с Магнусом Миннелшельдом не доказано. Останки его сына Биргера были изучены, и они указывают, что ему было 50−55 лет, когда он умер, и поэтому Магнус, вероятно, был еще жив через несколько лет после Лены.

Дети
От первого брака:
 Эскиль Магнуссон, законоговоритель Вестергётланда между 1217 и 1225 годами. Он был женат на Кристине, внучке Эрика Святого и вдове норвежского ярла Хокона Безумного.
 Возможно, дочь, которая вышла замуж за Сигтрюгга Бенгтссона.

От любой из его жён
 Карл Магнуссон, епископ Линчёпинга, погибший в Лихулаской битве в Эстонии в 1220 году.
 Бенгт Магнуссон († 4 января 1237 года) сменил Карла Магнуссона как епископа Линчёпинга.

От второго брака:
 Биргер Магнуссон, известный также как Биргер Ярл, сыграл ключевую роль в консолидации Швеции, занимая в то время должность ярла Швеции.
 Элоф Магнуссон (умер в 1268 году), возможно, сын Ингрид Ильвы от более позднего брака.

Учитывая много сыновей, он также мог иметь дочерей, имена которых неизвестны.

Примечания

Политики Швеции
Фолькунги

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia