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Topic: Nieuwe Maas River
Nieuwe Maas
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Rivers of the United Kingdom
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Meuse River
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Nieuwe Maas - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Nieuwe Maas ("New Meuse") is a stretch of river in the Netherlands, taking water from the Rhine and the Meuse.
Here, the Nieuwe Maas originally forked into two branches, with river Het Scheur flowing westward and the Nieuwe Maas continuing southwest to the town of Den Briel, where the Scheur and Nieuwe Maas branches flowed together again to form the Brielse Maas estuary.
The last stretch of Nieuwe Maas was dammed off, however, at the Botlek strait, and all of its water is now discharged through Het Scheur.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nieuwe_Maas (209 words)
nieuwe maas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
It begins at the intersection of the Noord River and the Lek and flows west through Rotterdam.
It continues until an intersection with the Oude Maas near the city of Vlaardingen, where it flows into the Nieuwe Waterweg.
Although it is called "Maas", it gets much of its water from the Rhine river, of which it is an important estuary.
www.yourencyclopedia.net /nieuwe_maas.html (172 words)
The city is situated on the banks of the Nieuwe Maas River.
The name "Rotterdam" is derived from the small river Rotte, which joins the Nieuwe Maas at the location of the city.
Its harbour territory has been enlarged by the construction of the Europoort complex along the mouth of the Nieuwe Waterweg, and the Maasvlakte in the North Sea near Hoek van Holland.
encyclopedia.codeboy.net /wikipedia/r/ro/rotterdam.html (1209 words)
Rotterdam - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The name "Rotterdam" is derived from a dam in a small river, the Rotte, which joins the Nieuwe Maas at the heart of the city.
The Nieuwe Waterweg was dug from Rotterdam to the North Sea, a canal to disembogue the shallow Rhine and Meuse.
During the summer of 2003 and 2005 there was an artificial beach at the Boompjeskade along the Nieuwe Maas, between the Erasmus Bridge and the Willems Bridge.
www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Rotterdam (1478 words)
Lek River
A branch of this canal, the Lek Canal is connected to the river at the town of Nieuwegein.
The bed of the river lies slightly higher than the surrounding lands and dikes are therefore essential to containing the Lek.
At the village of Kinderdijk the Lek meets the Noord river and the combined stream is thereafter known as the Nieuwe Maas as it flows down towards the North Sea.
www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/l/le/lek_river.html (204 words)
Encyclopedia: Rotterdam
Satellite image of the Rhine-Meuse delta, showing the island of IJsselmonde (9) IJsselmonde is an island between the Nieuwe Maas, Noord and Oude Maas rivers in the province of Zuid Holland in the Netherlands.
The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south.
Papendrecht (population: 30,914 in 2004) is a town in the western Netherlands, in the province of South Holland, along the River Beneden Merwede.
www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Rotterdam (7102 words)
maas river (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The Meuse (Dutch Maas) is a large European river rising in France, and flowing through Belgium and the Netherlands, draining in the North Sea.
The river rises in the Langres Plateau, France and flowing north past Sedan (the head of navigation) and Charleville-Mézières into Belgium.
It splits near Heusden into the Afgedamde Maas on the right and the Bergse Maas on the left.
www.yourencyclopedia.net /Maas_River.html (221 words)
Online Encyclopedia and Dictionary - Rotterdam
The name "Rotterdam" is derived from a dam in a small river, the Rotte, which joins the Nieuwe Maas at the location of the city.
The lay-out of a second Maasvlakte was the subject of political debate since the 1990s; its construction has now been agreed and will be partly government-financed, as announced in a June 25 2004 press release (PDF, in Dutch) from the Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management.
Rotterdam, Amsterdam, The Hague and a number of smaller cities in the west of the country are expanding towards each other to the extent that the entire area is sometimes denoted as a single metropole known as Randstad.
www.fact-archive.com /encyclopedia/Rotterdam (1251 words)
Rotterdam - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
Rotterdam is divided into 'Rotterdam-North' and ' Rotterdam-South' by the river Nieuwe Maas (for connections see that article).
Well-known streets in Rotterdam are the shopping center the Lijnbaan (the first one of the country with streets for pedestrians only, opened in 1953), the Coolsingel with the city hall, and the Weena, which runs from the Central Station to the Hofplein (square).
During the summer of 2003 there is an artificial beach at the Boompjeskade along the Nieuwe Maas, between the Erasmus Bridge and the Willems Bridge.
www.wordinfo.co.za /ro/Rotterdam.html (853 words)
Articles - Botlek (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The Botlek originally was the name of a stretch of the Nieuwe Maas river, part of the Rhine-Meuse delta near the Dutch city of Vlaardingen in the province of Zuid-Holland.
The strait itself was merely the continuation of the Nieuwe Maas, and the stretch of the river south of Rozenburg continued to be called Nieuwe Maas until the confluence with het Scheur formed the Brielse Maas estuary.
Major waterway regulation works were carried out in the Netherlands in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries to improve water management and stop the delta from silting up; the Botlek was dammed off at its southern end (connecting Rozenburg and Welplaat) and remodelled into one of the largest of the Rotterdam seaports (see also Europoort).
www.winacea.com /articles/Botlek (154 words)
[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The Rotterdam PPI-project will be executed along the river 'Nieuwe Maas' in the Schiemond neighbourhood, which is part of the sub municipality (deelgemeente) of Delfshaven.
There is a large potential for increasing the quality of the zone along the river and with this increasing the quality of the whole neighbourhood.
Schiemond is isolated from the rest of Rotterdam by the river 'Nieuwe Maas', busy roads, railway lines and ageing industrial estates.
www.b-sure-interreg.net /printable/ppipartners/rotterdam/details/2.html (238 words)
Rotterdam -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
In 1340 the town received permission to dig a canal to the Schie (another tributary of the New Meuse River), and it became the major port of the province.
In 1877 the city was connected with the southern Netherlands by a railroad crossing the Meuse River.
The port lies at the heart of the densely populated and industrialized triangle of London, Paris, and the German Ruhr district and at the mouths of two important rivers (the Rhine and the Meuse), yet it is also open to the North Sea, the world's most heavily navigated sea.
www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9064203?tocId=9064203 (1326 words)
right Rotterdam is the second largest city in the Netherlands...
The city is situated on the banks of the Nieuwe Maas River Nieuwe Maas River.
As of January 1, 1999 the municipality municipality had an area of 30424 hectares 30424 hectares (20861 land) with a total population of 600,000.
During the summer of 2003 there was an artificial beach beach at the Boompjeskade along the Nieuwe Maas, between the Erasmus Bridge and the Willems Bridge.
www.biodatabase.de /Rotterdam (1101 words)
Oud (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
After that the Oude Maas forms the northern boundary of the Hoeksche Waard island, flowing west until the Spui river forks off at the town of Oud-Beijerland.
The Oude Maas then heads northwest between the towns/cities of Spijkenisse and Hoogvliet and joins river Nieuwe Maas opposite the city of Vlaardingen, turning into river het Scheur.
Nowadays, the Oude Maas is a part of the Rhine river.
www.awonky.com /pages2/63/oud.html (733 words)
Wybenga Wildeboer van den Puttelaar :: finding your way
The water taxi is a super-fast and, not uncommonly, spectacular means of transportation between twenty-five places on the Nieuwe Maas river where the water taxi can be boarded.
When the river Hollandse IJssel is joined, turn port onto the river Nieuwe Maas.
When the river Nieuwe Maas is joined, turn to starboard onto this river.
www.wp-lawyers.nl /html/EN/route (830 words)
Nieuwe pagina 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
ROTTERDAM, in The Netherlands, owes its position as a "mainport" to the river Rhine.
In this delta area of intermingling waterways the confluent river Maas (originating in France as Meuse) lends its name to the final section of the river : Nieuwe Maas = New Maas.
The Rotte is a small river discharging itself into the Rhine - named Nieuwe Maas - in the city centre.
www.rottesmannenkoor.nl /en-historie.htm (487 words)
rtoterdam information,rotterdam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The name "rtoterdam" is derived from a dam in asmall river, the Rotte, which joins the Nieuwe Maas at the location of the city.
During the summer of 2003 there was an artificial beach at the Boompjeskade along theNieuwe Maas, between the Erasmus Bridge and the Willems Bridge.
Swimming was notpossible, digging pits was limited to the height of the layer of sand, ca.
www.vsearchmedia.com /rtoterdam.html (1150 words)
Nieuwe Maas -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
It begins at the intersection of rivers (Click link for more info and facts about Noord) Noord and (The basic unit of money in Albania) Lek and flows west through (The 2nd largest city in the Netherlands; located in the western Netherlands near the North Sea) Rotterdam.
It continues until its confluence with the (Click link for more info and facts about Oude Maas) Oude Maas near the city of (Click link for more info and facts about Vlaardingen) Vlaardingen.
The last stretch of Nieuwe Maas was dammed off, however, at the (Click link for more info and facts about Botlek) Botlek (A narrow channel of the sea joining two larger bodies of water) strait, and all of its water is now discharged through Het Scheur.
www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ni/nieuwe_maas.htm (170 words)
Rotterdam -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The city lies along both banks of the New Meuse (Nieuwe Maas) River, which is a northern distributary of the Rhine River.
The Jan Mabie House (1671) recalls early Dutch colonial settlement, as does the town's official seal, which is identical with that of Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Its development was favored by its commercially strategic location on the Rhine River delta—some 15 miles from the North Sea.
www.britannica.com /eb/article-9064203 (702 words)
Kraton WWW (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The 'van Brienenoord brug' is the main crossing of the 'Nieuwe Maas' river on the eastern part of the motorway Ring of Rotterdam.
A second section was added in 1990 to form a total of 12 parallel car and truck lanes.
The bridge deck of the second section was waterproofed using bituminous waterproofing felts modified with KRATON D polymer.
www.kraton.com /kraton/generic/menu.asp?ID=246 (59 words)
Pernis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
It is situated on the river "Nieuwe Maas", the river that links Rotterdam to the North Sea.
The polders along the river consisted of fertile ground.
But the origin of Pernis can still be seen in the coat of arms of Pernis with the plough and the fish.
www.aurora.komvux.norrkoping.se /ALBEDA/UK/PERNIS.HTM (207 words)
Vlaardingen - Encyclopedia Glossary Meaning Explanation Vlaardingen (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
On the east the city is separated from Schiedam by a motorway.
A Unilever research centre is located in Vlaardingen.
There are still some ship repair business(es) in east Vlaardingen beside the Nieuwe Maas River.
www.encyclopedia-glossary.com /en/Vlaardingen.html (358 words)
SARS: Rotterdam
Municipality As of January 1, 1999 the municipality had an area of 30424 hectares (20861 land) with a total population of 600,000.
Harbour Rotterdam has by some accounts the largest harbour in the world, and it functions as an important transit point for goods transported between the European continent and other parts of the world: by ship, river barge, train and road.
Miscellanious Rotterdam is divided into 'Rotterdam-North' and ' Rotterdam-South' by the river Nieuwe Maas (for connections see that article).
www.americanfactfinders.com /SARS/Rotterdam.shtml (917 words)
Run The Planet - Rtp Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
Near the center of the city you can run along the northbank of the river Nieuwe Maas, in the area between the Euro-tower and the Brienenoord-bridge.
Nice green running spots are the parks: Zuiderpark (South part), Kralingse Bos (North part) and along the river and lake Rotte (North, near the suburb Bergschenhoek).
If you have time: take the train or the car to where the big river meets the sea (20 minutes), at the village Hoek van Holland.
www.runtheplanet.com /content.php?page=main&italia=0&include=pages/refer/museum/museo004.php (286 words)
Archiprix 1997 | Port of call (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The project combines conversion of the abandoned wharf of the Rotterdam Dry Dock Company (RDM) into a modern ship repair yard with improving the relationship between the nearby garden village of Heyplaat and the river (Nieuwe Maas).
Its skin otherwise consists largely of slats that can be opened when the shed is in motion to reduce wind load.
The stores-offices building is a major link along the designed route leading from Heyplaat to a raft on the Nieuwe Maas river.
www.archiprix.nl /e/1997/pleister_eng.html (277 words)
FAV 7.3 Public Transport over water (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
Optimize the use of the river Nieuwe Maas/ Nieuwe Waterweg by enhancing the passenger transport systems over water.
The waterbus project is a design study and business case into a new waterbus system over the river Maas in the range of Maasvlakte – Ridderkerk.
(The river Maas crosses the centre of Rotterdam)
www.tellus-cities.net /index_368_de.html (192 words)
The Erasmus Bridge and the river Nieuwe Maas (Rotterdam-North, 23th April 2004) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
The Erasmus Bridge and the river Nieuwe Maas (Rotterdam-North, 23th April 2004)
Ben van Berkel's Erasmusbrug (Erasmus bridge) and the river Nieuwe Maas - Photo shot from the Willemsplein on the right of the bridge.
Visible on the other side of the river: the new Luxor theatre and Renzo Piano's KPN Telecom tower, the so-called 'Toren op Zuid' (Rotterdam-North, 16:46:02 PM CET, 23th April 2004, Copyright © 2004, Charles Vermeulen)
erasmusbrug.com /187.html (70 words)
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text:
Mixing Business With Government
The Opinion page article "The Business of the President Is Not Business," May 7, decries both a third-party candidacy, and a businessman's audacity to run for the presidency. Does the author think that any businessman, even the most inept, could run this country into debt of more than $4 trillion? And as for a third party, since the two who are now in power are at loggerheads, a third party is badly needed.
The governments of both Japan and Germany are geared to intertwining government and business as the most important goal of their countries. This is the century of economics and we must either understand this and join in, or be left out. Ralph E. Ward, Aguanga, Calif. US debt as a campaign issue
In the article "The Defining Issues," April 13, the question is raised whether the presidential campaign is ready for the issues.
The ever-growing national debt is bound to become a prominent issue, particularly after Sen. Warren Rudman (R) of New Hampshire has come to the fore with the report that he was unsuccessful in his efforts to convince his fellow senators that the deficit must be reduced.
It is disappointing that, so far, none of the candidates has made the reduction of the deficit a key campaign issue. Jerry Brown supports a balanced-budget constitutional amendment. But that is no longer a practical solution.
It is only H. Ross Perot who looks at the situation realistically. Ernest W. Volkmann, Ligonier, Pa. Privatization and unemployment
Both of the articles "Egypt Prepares to Privatize," May 4, and "Bush 'Privatization' Approach Gathers Steam at Local Level," May 4, implicitly recognize two factors: that the global market place is a de facto worldwide economic condition, and that chronic unemployment is increasingly becoming a social cost of this new world order.
The Egypt article also presents explicit recognition of the unemployment implications endemic to reorganization for the delivery of goods or services through privatization.
With 5 billion people currently on this planet, employment as a means of accessing the goods and services of this global market place has become universally scarce. In this time of footloose, transnational business enterprise, industry either moves to where labor is cheapest or substitutes capital for labor.
The end result is economic disenfranchisement of an ever-increasing proportion of the population through a diminution of opportunities for human labor.
Our political leaders, when confronting a new economic organizing principle need to ask the question: What will be the affects on American labor and society as a whole? Wilfred E. Richard, Fairfield, Maine Changing the jury system
Regarding the editorial about the jury in the Rodney King case, "Trial by Jury," May 8: The editorial's conclusion, and only call for change, is in the one area where absolutely no change is required. The system has adequate safeguards built in for these cases; the people administering the system, however, are not impartial. No legal system can completely prevent prejudiced decisions if the people involved are themselves prejudiced.
The question is not whether trial by jury should be abandoned; the question is whether we as a nation are willing to confront the hard facts of racial bigotry that still pervade our society and work to change those facts. The editorial does nothing to further this change. Ben Shulman, North Hollywood, Cali1f.
A personal finance guide to jury duty
Why the IRS should tax equity fund profits as ordinary income
What cases will the Supreme Court examine in new term?


2019-03-26: According to reports from Tuesday (26 March), forest fires have broken out in several areas in the north of the country. In Esposende, several schools have been evacuated and several roads have been closed. Near the town of Oliveira de Azemeis, around 300 firefighters are battling a forest fire. The continuing dry weather is not expected to change in the coming days.
Update 2018-11-28 (2): The cities of Gracemere and Stanwell in Queensland declared a state of emergency. The residents were evacuated. So far there are no reports of casualties.
Update 2018-11-28 (1): Thousands of people were evacuated in north-eastern Australia because of the bush fires on Wednesday (28 November). The Bureau of Meteorology issued a severe fire danger warning for the Central Coast and Whitsundays areas in Queensland.
2018-09-25: On Tuesday (25 September) dozens of residents and tourists were evacuated due to a forest fire in the tourist village Orebić on the peninsula Pelješac. According to media reports, several houses were destroyed by the fire and roads were closed.
Update 2018-07-24: On Monday (23 July), a state of emergency was declared in the Attica Region due to ongoing forest fires north, east, and west of Athens. Over 20 people died in the forest fires and over one hundred people were injured. The fires are considered the most devastating wildfires in a decade. Forest fires also erupted in areas surrounding the towns of Mati, Rafina, and Penteli, north-east of Athens, as well as near Kalamos, north of Athens.
Update 2017-12-08: On Thursday (07 December) at least four big fires, which span the area between Los Angeles and the county of Santa Barbara, are sill burning. Strong and unpredictable winds, which further fuel the fires and hamper the ongoing fire fighting operations, are forecast to continue until at least Sunday (10 December). Several highways, including Route 101, were closed. On Thursday (07 December) a fast spreading fire erupted north of San Diego, burning about 2,500 hectares of land. A state of emergency was declared for the county of San Diego.


Z-Express Courier Services is founded by Mr. R.N. Singh & Mr. Ranjan Singh. Our head office is located in the central business placeof Kolkata India having ites branches and tie ups all across India. We have tie ups with major international courier brands to provide smooth internation courier services. We also have our regional office at one of the prime location of Kolkata at New Alipore.
We have a dedicated Customer Help Desk system read to receive all your inquiries & request or feedback. Your request is immediately channeled to the department in-charge, where a team of dedicated staff will deal with your request and provide you with a fast and efficient response. You can also follow up on the progress of you consignment with our online tracking system.
Z-express was founded "To serve and discover what had remained hidden in the COURIER INDUSTRY" & aims to bring in apt techonologies that will commit to improvements in the quality of performance of courier service.
Our mission is to provide reallly fast and reliable courier service to our valuable customers throungh continuous innovation and integraiton of market leading research. We are committed to provide high quality, courier service, which can help our clients in maximizing their business opportunities and growth.
We intend to provide customized cost efficient enterprise business solutions to meet the specific needs of the customers.


Don't offer to shake hands; barristers traditionally do not shake hands. It could also get awkward around a table.
Listen to the question being asked. Speak slowly and clearly, but don't be tempted to change your accent in any way.
If you need a moment to pause, take it. Have a sip of water.
Most chambers will give you an 'ice-breaker' question. It will probably be something interesting and non-controversial about you.
Many chambers choose such a question to give you a few minutes to settle in. The answer to this question should be straightforward. This author was asked the exact same question at almost every interview. They (uncharacteristically) did not prepare a proper answer to it the first few times. Don't make that mistake!
You'll probably know what the question is, so prepare a damn good answer to it!
Whether you are being asked a question or being challenged during an advocacy/debate exercise, it is imperative that you listen to what the panel is actually saying.
You then need to respond to the exact point that has been made (this also works for judicial interventions in court). That means that you identify it for yourself. If in doubt, start the answer by saying "I think the question is this: X Y Z". You may be wrong but at least you aren't wasting time. And panels are not perfect. Sometimes they will see that the question was ambiguous and clarify for you.
This sounds obvious but interviews are a stressful business and even strong candidates can fall foul of the listening rule. This is also why memorising 'prepared answers' often does more harm than good; not only do you appear stilted when you give a prepared answer, but you will most often fall down because you will be responding to the challenges you have anticipated and not necessarily the challenge that you are actually being asked to address.
You need to respond to exactly what is being said. The most effective way to do that is to listen very, very carefully.
As to "responding", it is true that there are ways of demonstrating that you are paying attention. Google 'NLP'. But by and large, authentic reactions are best and if you are genuinely listening, it will show. Don't worry about sending deliberate signals – you've got enough on your plate already. Just don't be irritating. Don't nod your head so that you look like the Churchill Insurance dog. Don't grunt or say "uh-huh"; you are not Elvis. Don't repeat the last 3 words about a second after they've been uttered. Listen in silence.
What if you get asked a question and you have no clue?
DO NOT MAKE SOMETHING UP!
You can start by saying "I'm not sure" and then pivot to something related in your attempt to intelligently answer the question.
"If you are asked about a general 'news' story and you don't know anything about it, stay calm. We asked a question about Bradley Wiggins last year but really the question was an ethics one, so for the few people who said they didn't know much about that news story that didn't matter.
The best candidates were up-front and said they didn't know the story, but they were also able to identify the point of the question and were able to answer it coherently." – Barrister, Call 2009.
End of the interview: do you ask a question?
At the end of the interview, you will usually be asked if you have any questions. The general rule is to say 'no, thank you'.
There are, of course, some exceptions to this rule: if you are asked the 'any questions' in a way that is designed to let you tell the panel something you haven't mentioned yet, take advantage of this. Similarly, if you judge that this would be your only (and best) moment to refer to something new that you've done which isn't on your CV, mention it.
Along those lines, a successful candidate recalled that they were interviewed by a panel which included the chambers' most recent tenant. Their question was about the new tenant's experience as a pupil; this was well-received, as it demonstrated the candidate's knowledge of and interest in the set, as well as their desire to understand the kind of work that was available to juniors at that set.
Take 5 minutes after the interview to write down the questions you were asked and what your responses were. Do this immediately once you leave the room, or you will forget! These notes will help you assess your own performance if you have to do the pupillage application process the following year. A good idea is to add these to your mega pupillage application spreadsheet in a new column; that way, you're creating a centralised resource.
But my interview went horribly wrong!
First, we've all had train-wreck interviews!
Second, don't forget to write down what you were asked.
Finally, it probably didn't go as badly as you think it did.
Sometimes, however, things do go embarrasingly wrong at interview.
Don't worry – it could be worse!


A very orange rose on stretched canvas painted all around its sides, petal rolling. I love the lower to the right one.
Two pink flowers, one on top of the other, none of them whole. I am still mesmerized by the petals and the shadows.
Simple and delicate. I don't remember when I took this photo but I like the simplicity that just makes me want to stare at it.
I took the photo last summer from a tree just under my home. I was walking by every day and the flowers were calling me. When I did, I took a lot of photos - this is based on one of them. I may paint more of them.
A pink flower in green. The petals are curling and I just love it.
It was one of the paintings that take a long time to finish. Going back and forwards till the image itself decided it was ok to stop. I am happy with the result though.
For an insect lover like me it's been a long time to paint an other bee. I mostly like the combination of orange-blue that, in my opinion, adds interest in a bee's feeding story.


FREMONT, Calif., Feb. 7, 2018 /PRNewswire/ — V5 Systems extended its award-winning streak with a first-place win at the 2nd Silicon Valley Beijing International IoT Summit & Investment and Financing Competition, which is hosted by the Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Chinese Academy of Sciences Holding and the China IoT Industry Alliance, Ltd.
The summit attracted over 1,800 attendees, including representatives from top US and China venture capital firms, media organizations and technology companies.
Over 50 companies submitted applications to present at the Internet of Things (IoT) award session, with only 9 selected to make a presentation to the conference body. The selection is based on the level of innovation products bring to IoT. The judges are made up of industry experts, including CEOs and founders of investment firms, as well as senior researchers or fellows from major organizations, such as Verizon Communications.
V5 Systems won the 1st Prize Award for its unique V5 Portable Edge Computing Unit (V5 PECU), which is an innovative platform for collecting, analyzing and sharing sensor data in any area, free from the electrical grid. The PECU Unit allows businesses to use artificial intelligence in the outdoors because it has a proprietary ongoing power source. This Unit now expands the landscape of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) networks and applications to areas without power or connectivity.
The 1st Prize Award is a particularly distinguished achievement for an American company, because China is a world leader in the development of IoT applications. It currently controls 22% of the global market and continues to grow its share annually. In addition, the 5-year development plan of China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technologies (MIIT) specifically discusses the importance of IoT and elaborates on how to double this market by 2020.
Helena Wang, Vice President of Global Business Development at V5 Systems, believes this is critical and heartening context for the company's positioning. "As an American company, we are especially proud of this win, as we are competing in a space which Chinese companies have dominated thus far due to their market's emphasis on IoT development. Along with our customer feedback, this win is proof that we have developed something truly disruptive," she said.
V5 System's own security application, which runs on its V5 PECU platform, has been validated by ten other major industry awards. These consistent wins further validate the high regard the security industry has for V5 Systems' technology.
While industry awards highlight technological capabilities, ultimately, the real-world application of its IoT technology is the true measure of value. A telling example of V5 Systems technology in the real world is the recent partnership with UCLA, which cements V5 Systems' leading position at the nexus of education and security.
UCLA wanted to provide additional dorm security in time for Move-In Weekend, during which thousands of new students transition to campus housing. Prior to collaborating with V5 Systems, the university was unable to provide the added security in critical areas due to two challenges: the cost and time required for trenching to provide power/communications to security equipment that must be connected to the grid, combined with the urgency of the project. Even if UCLA had allocated the budget for trenching, it would only have been possible when school is not in session.
UCLA selected the V5 Camera Adaptive Platform (V5 CAP), equipped with AXIS domes, fixed cameras and PTZs (pan-tilt-zoom) and RF by Ubiquiti. The V5 CAP was chosen because the platform is portable, wireless and self-powered. Since no connection to the grid is necessary to power the V5 CAP, it can be deployed rapidly.
The university was able to deploy the additional security it needed more quickly and far more cost-effectively than if trenching were required. As a result, the university was able to provide its students with a far safer Move-In Weekend.
To learn more about the V5 CAP, watch this 2-minute video, Be Groundbreaking…Without Breaking Ground.


[jira] [Commented] (MATH-867) CMAESOptimizer with bounds fits finely near lower bound and coarsely near upper bound.
Subject [jira] [Commented] (MATH-867) CMAESOptimizer with bounds fits finely near lower bound and coarsely near upper bound.
Thanks. The improved Javadoc is in revision 1393641.
> CMAESOptimizer with bounds fits finely near lower bound and coarsely near upper bound.


Tom is ready to help you with all of your home improvements!
I have been an estimator and project manager for construction projects over the last 40 years. I have built commercial buildings, new homes, garages, and even erected hospitals. I can provide you with a very competitive estimate for the work that you want done. This estimate will be organized as a critical path and will give you allotments for all materials. This will give you the option to shop and purchase all materials at a savings.
Just allowing me to estimate your project will make you a much more informed remodeling consumer.
I, as the owner, guarantee you satisfaction and will be your personal guide through the entire process.
"I have dealt with Tom Estes now on two separate bathroom leak repairs and remodels, and both have been very positive experiences. Tom has been very fair in all my dealings with him, and most importantly has been very honest and forthcoming. He always gives me options before doing anything and has always tried his best to keep costs down without sacrificing the quality of the job.
The most important thing to me about a contractor is honesty and integrity, especially when you consider that this person will be entering your house and working in it probably while you're not home. Anyone can get a job done and can even give you a decent price. Giving you quality work that will last and not cause you problems a short time down the road - in other words peace of mind - that's something that's in short supply these days. And Tom has always given me peace of mind while working on a job for me."


text:
Bernie Madoff barred from attending sons' funeral: Should Bernie Madoff be allowed out to grieve the loss of his son?
Bernie Madoff has been barred from his sons' funeral according to recent news reports. Madoff's son, Mark, was found dead this past week from an apparent suicide. While Madoff is serving a 150 year prison sentence in North Carolina, his sons funeral will have to go on without him.
Mark Madoff was found in the living room of his New York apartment on Saturday. Medical examiners have deemed his death to be a suicide. Could Mark Madoff not deal with the fallout and scrutiny that the whole family has had to undergo as a result of his fathers' actions?
The North Carolina prison where Bernie Madoff currently is being held, allows inmates who have two years or less left in their sentence to attend the funerals of family members. Since Bernie has many, many years ahead of him, it appears that he will not be able to attend the funeral of his son.
Do you think it's fair that Bernie Madoff has been barred from his sons funeral? Though we can all admit that Bernie did a horrible thing by scamming so many people out of their hard earned money, it's still sad that he cannot be there to pay his last respects to his son. One question that lingers is whether Mark Madoff would even want his father at his funeral, since it is his fault the family is facing so much backlash. What do you think? Would Mark want his father to be present or would he rather him sit in jail while his funeral goes on?
Diposting oleh Mulyadi Pasaribu di 10:38 PM
Label: Bernie Madoff, Funeral, United States


text:
Diversified Royalty Corp. Announces February 2015 Cash Dividend
VANCOUVER, BRITISH COLUMBIA–(Marketwired – Feb. 6, 2015) – Diversified Royalty Corp. (TSX:DIV) (the "Corporation" or "DIV") is pleased to announce that its board of directors has approved a cash dividend of $0.0157 per common share for the period of February 1, 2015 to February 28, 2015, which is equal to $0.1884 per common share on an annualized basis. The dividend will be paid on February 27, 2015 to shareholders of record on February 20, 2015.
Certain statements contained in this news release constitute forward-looking statements which involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The use of any of the words "anticipate", "continue", "estimate", "expect", "intend", "may", "will", "project", "should", "believe", "confident", "plan" and "intends" and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Specifically, forward-looking statements in this news release include, but are not limited to, statements made in relation to: the amount and timing of the February 2015 dividend to be paid to DIV's shareholders; and DIV's corporate objectives. These statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results or events, performance, or achievements of DIV to differ materially from those anticipated or implied in such forward-looking statements. DIV believes that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable but no assurance can be given that these expectations will prove to be correct. In particular there can be no assurance that DIV will be able to: make monthly dividend payments to the holders of its common shares; or achieve any of its corporate objectives. Given these uncertainties, readers are cautioned that forward-looking statements included in this news release are not guarantees of future performance, and such forward-looking statements should not be unduly relied upon. These statements speak only as of the date of this news release. DIV undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as expressly required by law.
In formulating the forward-looking statements contained herein, management has assumed that business and economic conditions affecting DIV will continue substantially in the ordinary course, including without limitation with respect to general industry conditions, general levels of economic activity and regulations. These assumptions, although considered reasonable by management at the time of preparation, may prove to be incorrect.


text:
On the Road 1982 è un album dal vivo del gruppo musicale britannico Camel, pubblicato nel 1994.

Tracce
Sasquatch – 4:30
Highways of the Sun – 4:38
Hymn to Her – 5:23
Neon Magic – 4:04
You Are the One – 5:21
Drafted – 4:01
Lies – 5:10
Captured – 3:19
A Heart's Desire/End Peace – 4:34
Heroes – 5:36
Who We Are – 6:21
Manic – 4:11
Wait – 4:49
Never Let Go – 6:44

Formazione
Andrew Latimer – chitarra, chitarra a 12 corde, voce
Andy Dalby – chitarra
Chris Rainbow – tastiera, voce
Kit Watkins – tastiera
David Paton – basso, voce
Stuart Tosh – batteria, cori

Collegamenti esterni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Ageing population will cause economic burden for Scotland
By Helen McArdle
AN INDEPENDENT Scotland should not rely on oil and gas revenues to offset the economic burden of an ageing population, a think tank has warned.
A presentation in Edinburgh today will highlight the challenges posed to the public purse of a working-age population which is estimated to shrink 3.5% by 2037. It is the largest percentage fall predicted for any of the UK nations, with England's working population in contrast expected to grown by 5% over the same period.
The population studies think tank, International Longevity Centre-UK, warns that Scotland's comparatively poorer health record means policymakers north of the Border must work harder to improve the nation's health in order to ensure that Scots are fit to work longer as the population ages.
A report launched by ILC-UK at its 'Population Patterns' event today warns that Scotland should not seek to rely on the revenue from oil and gas to fund the costs of ageing as this is anticipated to fall from an historic average of £5.5 billion per annum during the years 1980-2013, to around £2bn during the period 2014-2041.
The figures are based on the most recent long-term projections by the independent fiscal watchdog, the Office for Budget Responsibility (OBR).
The report, entitled 'Scottish Independence - Charting the implications of demographic change', adds that the combination of an ageing population and declining revenues from oil and gas extraction is likely to put government spending under pressure and force taxation increases.
It highlights figures from last year's Office for National Statistics (ONS) bulletin which predicted that Scotland's working age population will be 3.5% smaller in 2037 than it was in 2013, in comparison to a 5% increase in England.
This is partly driven by poorer life expectancy among Scottish males, who are expected to live on average two years less than a typical UK male. Their disability-free life expectancy is also below State Pension age and four years below the UK average. Over the next 20 years, the ratio of non-working age to working-age people in Scotland is expected to increase by 40% compared to 30% for the UK as a whole, according to the report.
David Sinclair, Assistant Director, Policy and Research at ILC-UK added: "The demographic challenges facing Scotland are similar to many other nations. But some of the challenges are starker than for other parts of the UK. Against this backdrop, economic policy will need to incentivise longer working lives and policymakers will need to deliver increased investment in capital to improve the productivity of the workforce and drive economic growth. Policymakers must ensure that significant attention is paid to improving health in Scotland."
The two-hour conference will be held at The Dome in New Register House, with talks from Tim Ellis and Kirsty MacLachlan, respectively the chief executive and head of demography for the National Records of Scotland, as well as Stirling university economist, Professor David Bell, and Carol Jagger, professor of epidemiology of ageing at Newcastle university.
Also speaking is Richard Willets, director of longevity at Partnership, a specialist insurance firm sponsoring the event.
Mr Willetts said: "It is vital that [longevity] becomes part of the general discussion when independence is considered and positive steps are taken to deal with demographic challenges such as the falling working-age population."
A Goverment spokesman said: "The Scottish Government is taking a number of actions to improve health and ensure people can live longer healthier lives through programmes such as detect cancer early, support for healthy eating, action to reduce alcohol consumption and to promote exercise.
"Countries throughout the developed world face demographic challenges and Scotland is no different. Nonetheless, for the next 15 years, Scotland will be in a more advantageous position than the rest of the UK, and with independence we will be able to take the most important steps to address this challenge for the longer term.
"Increasing the working age population requires not just improving life expectancy, but encouraging more women into work, attracting skilled workers and ensuring that young people remain in Scotland by building an attractive economy and increasing the opportunities for employment - all of which will support Scotland's public finances."
Commments are closed on this article


text:
Ponte Galeria Airfield is an abandoned World War II military airfield in Italy, located approximately 11 km northeast of Fiumicino, 15 km west-southwest of Rome.

It was an all-weather temporary field built by the United States Army Air Force XII Engineer Command using a graded earth compacted surface, with a prefabricated hessian (burlap) surfacing known as PHS. PHS was made of an asphalt-impregnated jute which was rolled out over the compacted surface over a square mesh track (SMT) grid of wire joined in 3-inch squares.   Pierced Steel Planking was also used for parking areas, as well as for dispersal sites, when it was available.   In addition, tents were used for billeting and also for support facilities; an access road was built to the existing road infrastructure; a dump for supplies, ammunition, and gasoline drums, along with a drinkable water and minimal electrical grid for communications and station lighting.

Once completed it was turned over for use by the Twelfth Air Force 47th Bombardment Group.

The 47th first arrived at the airfield on 10 June 1944, flying A-20 Havoc aircraft.   The group stayed briefly, moving to Ombrone Airfield on 27  June

When the 47th pulled out, the airfield was dismantled and abandoned.   Today, the airfield is now reclaimed by agriculture, with little or no evidence of its existence.

References

 Maurer, Maurer. Air Force Combat Units of World War II. Maxwell AFB, Alabama: Office of Air Force History, 1983. .

External links

Airfields of the United States Army Air Forces in Italy
Airports established in 1943


text:
Current Fairs
Past Fairs
Future Fairs
Kourd Gallery's History
Maria Filippakopoulou
LONG DAYS
Blackbird at the guardhouse of Herodus Atticus Street2019100 x 120 cmoil on canvas
Gross at the studio window201880 x 100 cmoil on canvas
The duck in the lake of the National Garden201980 x 100 cmoil on canvas
Open fullscreen Images
From : 17/10/2019 To : 23/11/2019
Constantinos Papachristou, curator of the exhibition LONG DAYS, states that :
"[...] Even a casual glance at the works in this exhibition will suffice to convince the viewer of Mrs Filippakopoulou's ability to tell a story. She does so in a very economic manner, her stories being concise and not at all tiresome. She manages to avoid giving only one instant of the story, as she does not freeze time. Nor does she merely bind her story within a beginning and an end. Rather, she lays the basics of the plot and allows the viewer to complete it. She weaves in all eleven stories of urban everyday life, which can be taken one at a time but also as a whole.
The transition from the depiction of particular moments to telling a story is a major accomplishment for Mrs Filippakopoulou. The point of departure for her is the haiku form, which employs a mere seventeen syllables to depict an image from nature. [...]"
Exhibition Location


This page has been accessed 23 times.
Thomas was born in 1775.
where is Thomas Mills 1775 grave in Haywood Co, Waynesville, N. C. Sep 12, 2018.
Thomas is 42 degrees from Graham Chapman, 27 degrees from Janet Wild and 16 degrees from Henry VIII of England on our single family tree. Login to find your connection.


text:
First board from new Atikokan planing mill
By: Atikokan Progress
Another milestone has been reached at the new Resolute Forest Products sawmill at Sapawe, as the first board was dressed, trimmed and graded in the planing mill on April 4.
"The new planer is going to do a wonderful job dressing our lumber," said Richard Blanchette, planer superintendent. "We are still working the bugs out, but it was an exciting moment to have the first boards produced last week."
Head planerman Dan Douglass is thrilled with the new planer. "In all my years in different mills, this is the best planer I've seen," he said.
Rough lumber is being delivered each day from the Ignace sawmill. Two dry kilns are now operating at the Sapawe site and the planer operation is progressing through its commissioning stage. The first shift of employees for the planing mill are now at work and the second shift is expected to start in early May.
"We have done a lot of training prior to the start of operations," said Larry Gosselin, a continuous relief operator in the planer and a former employee of the Atikokan Forest Products mill. "We're all itching to take control of the operations, but we will be sure to do it safely."
While the kilns and planer are now running, the sawmill is still on track to begin operating in late May. Sawmill employees are in the process of being hired now and will commence their training two weeks prior to the start of operations.
"I'm very pleased with the calibre of employees we have been able to hire," said Mark Stevens, mill manager. "We have a diverse set of skill and experience, but they are all showing their ambition and willingness to help out in any way during the commissioning phase. That is the attitude that is really going to help us achieve the full potential of this state-of-the-art mill."


Under Armour boys' short sleeve T-shirt. Crafted from the brand's Charged Cotton® fabric with four-way stretch and moisture-wicking properties for a lightweight, quick-drying design that feels cool and comfortable. The tee features a rib-knit crew neckline, rear shoulder seam detail and a straight hem. Signature logo branding on the chest and back.


This weekend I had the pleasure of attending these championships held in Vernon. The energy of these athletes and their parents brought me back to my days coaching and parenting in Saskatchewan. I met a number of people from all over BC. The common thread ( other than ringette) is that they all love our community in the North Okanagan. Most would love to live here and that's why I'm here. Looks like this weekend may turn into a listing and a few homes being purchased down the road! Thanks for stopping by our booth!


text:
Title 45 Part 1171
Title 45 → Subtitle B → Chapter XI → Subchapter D → Part 1171
Title 45: Public Welfare
PART 1171—PUBLIC ACCESS TO NEH RECORDS UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT
§1171.1 About the National Endowment for the Humanities.
§1171.2 General provisions.
§1171.3 Information policy.
§1171.4 Public availability of records.
§1171.5 Requests for records.
§1171.6 Responsibilities for processing and responding to requests.
§1171.7 Timing of responses to requests.
§1171.8 Responses to requests.
§1171.9 Confidential commercial information.
§1171.10 Administrative appeals.
§1171.11 Fees.
§1171.12 Preservation of records.
§1171.13 Other rights and services.
Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552; 20 U.S.C. 959; 31 U.S.C. 3717; E.O. 12600.
Source: 79 FR 9415, Feb. 19, 2014, unless otherwise noted.
The National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) was established by the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act of 1965, 20 U.S.C. 951 et seq., and is an independent grant-making agency of the United States government dedicated to supporting research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities. The NEH is directed by a Chairman and has an advisory council composed of twenty-six presidentially-appointed and Senate-confirmed members.
This part contains the regulations the NEH follows in processing requests for NEH records under the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 5 U.S.C. 552, as amended. The NEH also follows these regulations to process all FOIA requests made to the Federal Council on the Arts and the Humanities (FCAH), an organization established by the National Foundation on the Arts and Humanities Act of 1965 for which the NEH provides legal counsel. These regulations should be read together with the FOIA and OMB's Free Guidelines, which provides additional information about access to NEH and FCAH records. FOIA applies to requests for records concerning the general activities of the government and of the NEH in particular. When individuals seek records about themselves under the Privacy Act of 1974, 5 U.S.C. 552a, NEH processes those requests under both NEH's Privacy regulations at part 1115 of this chapter, and this part. Although requests are considered either FOIA requests or Privacy Act requests, agencies process requests in accordance with both laws, which provides the greatest degree of lawful access while safeguarding an individual's personal privacy.
The NEH may provide information the agency routinely makes available to the public through its regular activities (for example, program announcements and solicitations, press releases, and summaries of awarded grant applications) without following this part. As a matter of policy, the NEH makes discretionary disclosures of records or information otherwise exempt under the FOIA whenever disclosure would not foreseeably harm an interest protected by a FOIA exemption. This policy, however, does not create any right enforceable in court.
(a) In accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(2), the NEH will make the following records available for public inspection in an electronic format (unless they are published and copies are offered for sale) without a FOIA request:
(1) Final opinions, including concurring and dissenting opinions, as well as orders made in the adjudication of cases,
(2) Statements of policy and interpretations which have been adopted by the agency and are not published in the Federal Register,
(3) Administrative staff manuals and instructions to staff that affect a member of the public,
(4) Copies of all records, regardless of format, which have been released to any person under 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(3) and which because of their subject matter, the NEH determines have become or are likely to become subject to subsequent requests for substantially the same records, or have been requested three (3) or more times; and
(5) A general index of the records referred to in paragraph (b) of this section.
(b) The NEH will also maintain and make available for public inspection in an electronic format current indexes as required by 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(2) of the FOIA. However, since the NEH has determined that publication and distribution of these indexes is unnecessary and impracticable, the NEH will provide these indexes upon request at a cost not to exceed the direct cost of the duplication.
(c) NEH proactively identifies records of interest to the public, such as past awards, press releases, grant guidelines, and grant terms and conditions, and makes these records available on the NEH's Web site at www.neh.gov. In addition, copies of the NEH's policy statements, information about the NEH's FOIA program, sample grant narratives, and other frequently requested records are available in the NEH's Electronic Library.
[79 FR 9415, Feb. 19, 2014, as amended at 82 FR 45, Jan. 3, 2017]
(a) How to make a request. Your FOIA request need not be in any particular format, but it must be in writing, include your full name, mailing address, daytime telephone number. If you choose to submit your request on the NEH Web site, the request must also include your email address. Your request should be clearly identified as a FOIA request in both the text of the request and on the envelope (or on the facsimile or in the subject heading of an email message) and must describe the requested records in enough detail to enable NEH staff to locate them with a reasonable amount of effort. Whenever possible, your request should include specific information about each record sought, such as the date, title or name, author, recipient, and subject matter of the record. The NEH has no obligation to answer questions posed as FOIA requests or to create records to satisfy a FOIA request.
(b) Agreement to pay fees. If you make a FOIA request, the NEH will consider it an agreement by you to pay all applicable fees charged under this part, subject to the fee limitations of §1171.11(d). When making a request, you may specify a willingness to pay a greater or lesser amount.
(c) Where to send a request. (1) For NEH records (except NEH Office of the Inspector General records) and/or FCAH records, write to: The General Counsel, Office of the General Counsel, National Endowment for the Humanities, 400 7th Street SW., Room 4060, Washington, DC, 20506. You may also send your request to the NEH General Counsel by facsimile at 202-606-8600, by email at [email protected], or through the NEH's electronic FOIA request system, which is available on the NEH Web site at www.neh.gov.
(2) For NEH Office of the Inspector General records, write to: The Inspector General, Office of the Inspector General, National Endowment for the Humanities, 400 7th Street SW., Room 2200, Washington, DC 20506. You may also send your request to the Inspector General by facsimile at 202-606-8329 or by email at [email protected]
[79 FR 9415, Feb. 19, 2014, as amended at 80 FR 42066, July 16, 2015]
(a) Processing requests. The NEH Office of the General Counsel (OGC) is the central office for processing requests for records, except when it's necessary for the NEH Office of Inspector General (OIG) to process a request to maintain the OIG's independence or ability to carry out its statutorily mandated duties. If the request is for OIG records, the NEH will inform the requester which office will be processing the request.
(b) Authority to grant or deny requests. The NEH General Counsel (or designee) is authorized to grant or deny requests for NEH records (excluding requests for OIG records), and/or FCAH records. The NEH Deputy Inspector General (or designee) is authorized to grant or deny requests for OIG records. The NEH General Counsel (or designee) is authorized to grant or deny requests on any fee matters and requests for expedited treatment, including OIG-related requests.
(c) Consultations and referrals. When the NEH receives a request for a record in its possession, the agency will determine whether another Federal government agency is better able to decide whether the record should or should not be disclosed under the FOIA. Ordinarily, the agency that originated a record will be presumed to be best able to determine whether to disclose it.
(1) If the NEH determines that it is the agency best able to process the record in response to the request, then it will do so, after consultation with the other agency that has a substantial interest in the requested records.
(2) If the NEH determines that it is not the agency best able to process the record, then it will refer the record (or portion thereof) to the other Federal agency, but only if that agency is subject to the FOIA.
(d) Notice of referral. Whenever the NEH refers all or any part of the responsibility for responding to a request to another agency, the NEH will notify the requester of the referral, provide the name of the agency to which the referral was directed, and include that agency's FOIA contact information. NEH will notify the requester of the part of the request that has been referred, unless such notification would disclose information otherwise exempt. If notification to the requester about the referral would cause a harm meant to be protected against by the FOIA, NEH will coordinate with the agency rather than referring the records to it.
(a) In general. The NEH customarily will respond to requests according to their order of receipt. In determining which records are responsive to a request, the NEH will include only those records in its possession as of the date it begins its search for records. If any other date is used, the NEH will inform the requester of that date.
(b) Timing for initial response. Ordinarily, the NEH will determine whether to grant or deny a request for records within twenty (20) days (weekends and Federal holidays excluded) of when the NEH receives a request.
(c) Tolling of time limits. The NEH may toll the 20-day time period to:
(1) Make one request for information it reasonably requests from the requester; or
(2) Clarify the applicability or amount of any fees, if necessary, with the requester.
(3) Under paragraphs (c)(1) or (2) of this section, the tolling period ends upon the NEH's receipt of the information or clarification from the requester.
(d) Unusual circumstances. (1) When the NEH cannot meet the statutory time limits for processing a request because of unusual circumstances as defined in the FOIA, the NEH may extend the response time as follows:
(i) If the extension will be for ten (10) or fewer working days (i.e., weekends and Federal holidays excluded), the NEH will notify the requester as soon as practicable in writing of the unusual circumstances and the expected response date; and
(ii) If the extension will be for more than ten (10) working days, the NEH will provide the requester with an opportunity either to modify the request so that it may be processed within the time limit or to arrange an alternative time period to process the request or a modified request. To aid the requester, NEH shall make available its FOIA Public Liaison, who shall assist in the resolution of any disputes between the requester and the agency, and shall notify the requester of his or her right to seek dispute resolution services from the Office of Government Information Services.
(2) If the NEH reasonably believes that multiple requests submitted by a requester, or a group of requesters acting in concert, constitute a single request that would otherwise involve unusual circumstances, and the requests involve clearly related matters, the NEH may aggregate the requests. The NEH will not aggregate multiple requests involving unrelated matters.
(e) Expedited processing. (1) The NEH will process requests and appeals on an expedited basis whenever it determines that they involve:
(i) Circumstances in which the lack of expedited treatment could reasonably be expected to pose an imminent threat to the life or physical safety of an individual; or
(ii) An urgency to inform the public about actual or alleged Federal government activity if the expedited processing request is made by a person primarily engaged in disseminating information.
(2) A requester may seek expedited processing at the time of the requester's initial request for records or at any later time.
(3) To request expedited processing, a requester must submit a statement, certified to be true and correct to the requester's best knowledge and belief, explaining in detail the basis for requesting expedited processing.
(4) Within ten (10) calendar days of receipt of a request for expedited processing, the NEH will decide whether to grant it and will notify the requester of the decision. If the NEH grants a request for expedited processing, the NEH will place the request in the expedited processing track and then process the request as soon as practicable. If the NEH denies a request for expedited processing, the NEH will act upon any appeal of that decision expeditiously.
(a) Acknowledgment of requests. Upon receipt of a request that will take longer than ten (10) days to process, the NEH will send the requester an acknowledgment letter that assigns the request an individualized tracking number.
(b) Grants of requests. If the NEH makes a determination to grant a request in whole or in part, it will notify the requester in writing of such determination and the reasons therefore, and the requester's right to seek assistance from NEH's FOIA Public Liaison. The NEH will inform the requester of any applicable fees and will disclose records to the requester promptly on payment of any applicable fees. The NEH will mark or annotate records disclosed in part to show the amount of information deleted pursuant to a FOIA exemption, unless doing so would harm an interest protected by an applicable FOIA exemption. If technically feasible, the NEH will also indicate, on the agency record(s) it provides, the location of the information deleted.
(c) Denials of requests. If the NEH makes a determination to deny a request in any respect, the NEH will also notify the requester in writing of:
(1) The name and title or position of the person responsible for the denial;
(2) A brief statement of the reason(s) for the denial, including any FOIA exemption applied by the NEH in denying the request;
(3) An estimate of the volume of records or information withheld, if applicable, although such an estimate is not required if the volume is otherwise indicated through deletion on the records disclosed in part, or if providing such an estimate would harm an interest protected by an applicable exemption;
(4) The requester's right to seek dispute resolution services from NEH's FOIA Public Liaison or the Office of Government Information Services; and
(5) A statement that the requester may appeal the denial under §1171.10 and a description of the requirements to appeal.
(a) In general. The NEH will not disclose confidential commercial information in response to a FOIA request, except as described in this section.
(b) Definitions. For purposes of this section:
(1) Confidential commercial information means commercial or financial information obtained by the NEH from a submitter that may be protected from disclosure under Exemption 4 of the FOIA.
(2) Submitter means any person or entity from whom the NEH obtains confidential commercial information, directly or indirectly. The term includes corporations; state, local, and tribal governments; and foreign governments.
(c) Designation of confidential commercial information. A submitter of confidential commercial information will use good-faith efforts to designate by appropriate markings, either at the time of submission or at a reasonable time thereafter, any portions of its submission that it considers to be protected from disclosure under Exemption 4. These designations will expire ten years after the date of the submission unless the submitter requests, and provides justification for, a longer designation period.
(d) When notice to submitters is required. (1) The NEH will give notice to a submitter whenever:
(i) The submitter, in good faith, has designated the requested information as information considered protected from disclosure under Exemption 4; or
(ii) The NEH has reason to believe that the information may be protected from disclosure under Exemption 4.
(2) The notice will either describe the confidential commercial information requested or include copies of the requested records or record portions containing the information. In cases involving a voluminous number of submitters, the NEH may make notice by posting or publishing the notice in a place reasonably likely to accomplish it.
(e) Exceptions to submitter notice requirements. The notice requirements of this section will not apply if:
(1) The NEH determines that the requested information is exempt under the FOIA;
(2) The information lawfully has been published or has been officially made available to the public;
(3) Disclosure of the information is required by statute (other than the FOIA) or by a regulation issued in accordance with the requirements of Executive Order 12600 of June 23, 1987; or
(4) The designation made by the submitter under paragraph (c) of this section appears obviously frivolous, except that, in such a case, the NEH will give the submitter written notice of any final decision to disclose the information within a reasonable number of days prior to a specified disclosure date.
(f) Opportunity to object to disclosure. (1) The NEH will specify a reasonable time period within which the submitter must respond to the notice described in paragraph (d)(2) of this section. If a submitter has any objection to disclosure, it must submit a detailed written statement to the NEH specifying all grounds for withholding any portion of the information under any exemption of the FOIA. If the submitter relies on Exemption 4 as a basis of nondisclosure, the submitter must explain why the information constitutes a trade secret, or commercial or financial information that is privileged or confidential.
(2) The NEH will consider a submitter who fails to respond with the time period specified on the notice to have no objection to disclosure of the information. The NEH will not consider information it receives from a submitter after the date of any disclosure decision. Any information provided by a submitter under this section may itself be subject to disclosure under the FOIA.
(g) Notice of intent to disclose. The NEH will consider a submitter's objections and specific grounds for nondisclosure in deciding whether to disclose confidential commercial information. Whenever the NEH decides to disclose confidential commercial information over the objection of a submitter, the NEH will provide the submitter written notice, which will include:
(1) A statement of the reason(s) why each of the submitter's disclosure objections was not sustained;
(2) A description of the business information to be disclosed; and
(3) A specified disclosure date, which will be a reasonable time after the notice.
(h) Notice of FOIA lawsuit. Whenever a requester files a lawsuit seeking to compel the disclosure of confidential commercial information, the NEH will promptly notify the submitter.
(i) Requester notification. The NEH will notify the requester whenever the NEH provides the submitter with notice and an opportunity to object to disclosure; whenever the NEH notifies the submitter of its intent to disclose the requested information; and whenever a submitter files a lawsuit to prevent the disclosure of the information.
(a) You may appeal a denial of your request for NEH records (except NEH OIG records) and/or FCAH records to The Deputy Chairman, National Endowment for the Humanities, 400 7th Street SW., Room 4053, Washington, DC 20506. You may also send your appeal to the NEH General Counsel by facsimile at 202-606-8600, by email at [email protected], or through the NEH's electronic FOIA request system, which is available on the NEH Web site at www.neh.gov. For a denial of your request for OIG records, you may appeal by facsimile at 202-606-8329, by email at [email protected] or by mail to The Inspector General, National Endowment for the Humanities, 400 7th Street SW., Room 2200, Washington, DC 20506. Your appeal must be in writing and received by NEH within ninety (90) days of the date of the letter denying your request in whole or in part. Your appeal letter must clearly identify the NEH decision that you are appealing and contain the tracking number, if assigned. You should clearly mark your appeal letter and envelope "Freedom of Information Act Appeal."
(b) Responses to appeals. The Deputy Chairman (or designee) or the Inspector General (or designee) will make a written determination on your appeal within twenty (20) days (weekends and Federal holidays excluded) after the agency receives your appeal, except as provided by 1171.7(d). If the appeal decision affirms the denial of your request, the NEH will notify you in writing of the reason(s) for the decision, including the applicable FOIA exemption(s), and inform you of the FOIA provisions for court review of the decision. If the denial of your request is reversed or modified, in whole or in part, the NEH will reprocess your request in accordance with that appeal decision and notify you of that decision in writing. A response to an appeal will advise the requester that the 2007 amendments to FOIA created the Office of Government Information Services (OGIS) to offer mediation services to resolve disputes between FOIA requesters and Federal agencies as a non-exclusive alternative to litigation. A requester may contact OGIS in any of the following ways: Office of Government Information Services, National Archives and Records Administration, 8601 Adelphi Road—OGIS, College Park, MD 20740; https://ogis.archives.gov; email: [email protected]; telephone: 202-741-5770; facsimile: 202-741-5769; toll-free: 1-877-684-6448.
(c) When appeal is required. If you wish to seek review by a court of any denial by the NEH, you must first submit a timely administrative appeal to the NEH.
[79 FR 9415, Feb. 19, 2014, as amended at 80 FR 42066, July 16, 2015; 82 FR 46, Jan. 3, 2017]
(a) In general. The NEH will assess fees for processing FOIA requests in accordance with this section and with the Uniform Freedom of Information Fee Schedule and Guidelines published by the Office of Management and Budget at 52 FR 10012 (Mar. 27, 1987). In order to resolve any fee issues that arise under this section, the NEH may contact a requester for additional information. The NEH ordinarily will collect all applicable fees before sending copies of records to a requester. Requesters must pay fees by check or money order made payable to the Treasury of the United States.
(1) Commercial use request means a request from or on behalf of a person who seeks information for a use or purpose that furthers his or her commercial, trade, or profit interest, which can include furthering those interests through litigation. When it appears that the requester will put the records to a commercial use, either because of the nature of the request itself or because the NEH has reasonable cause to doubt a requester's stated use, the NEH will provide the requester a reasonable opportunity to submit further clarification.
(2) Direct costs means those expenses that an agency actually incurs in searching for and duplicating (and, in the case of commercial use requests, reviewing) records to respond to a FOIA request. Direct costs include, for example, the salary of the employee performing the work (the basic rate of pay for the employee, plus 16 percent of that rate to cover benefits) and the cost of operating duplication machinery. Not included in direct costs are overhead expenses such as the costs of space and heating or lighting of the facility in which the records are kept.
(3) Duplication means the making of a copy of a record, or of the information contained in it, necessary to respond to a FOIA request. Copies can take the form of paper, microform, audiovisual materials, or electronic records among others.
(4) Educational institution means any school that operates a program of scholarly research. A requester in this category must show that the request is authorized by and made under the auspices of a qualifying institution and that the records are not sought for a commercial use, but are sought to further scholarly research.
(5) Noncommercial scientific institution means an institution that is not operated on a "commercial" basis, as defined in paragraph (b)(1) above, and that is operated solely for the purpose of conducting scientific research, the results of which are not intended to promote any particular product or industry. A requester in this category must show that the request is authorized by and made under the auspices of a qualifying institution and that the records are not sought for a commercial use or to promote any particular product or industry, but are sought to further scientific research.
(6) Representative of the news media means any person or entity that gathers information of potential interest to a segment of the public, uses its editorial skills to turn the raw materials into a distinct work, and distributes that work to an audience. The term "news" means information that is about current events or that would be of current interest to the public. Examples of news-media entities include television or radio stations broadcasting to the public at large, and publishers of periodicals (but only if such entities qualify as disseminators of "news") who make their products available for purchase or by subscription or by free distribution to the general public. The NEH will regard "freelance" journalists as working for a news-media organization if they demonstrate a solid basis for expecting publication though that organization. A publication contract would provide the clearest evidence, but the NEH will also consider a requester's past publication record in making this determination.
(7) Review means the process of examining a record located in response to a request in order to determine whether any portion of it is exempt from disclosure. Review includes processing any record for disclosure, such as doing all that is necessary to redact it and prepare it for disclosure. It also includes time spent both obtaining and considering any formal objection to disclosure made by a confidential commercial information submitter under §1171.9, but it does not include time spent resolving general legal or policy issues regarding the application of exemptions. Review costs are recoverable even if the NEH ultimately does not disclose a record.
(8) Search means the process of looking for and retrieving records or information responsive to a request. It includes page-by-page or line-by-line identification of information within records and the reasonable efforts expended to locate and retrieve information from electronic records. The NEH will ensure that searches are done in the most efficient and least expensive manner reasonably possible.
(c) Fee schedule. In responding to FOIA requests, the NEH will charge the following fees for requests, subject to paragraphs (d), (e), and (f) of this section:
(1) Search. (i) The NEH will charge $4.00 for each quarter hour spent by clerical personnel in searching for and retrieving a requested record. When clerical personnel cannot perform the search and retrieval (e.g. identification of records within scope of request requires professional personnel), the NEH will charge $7.00 for each quarter hour of search time spent by professional personnel. Where the time of managerial personnel is required, the fee will be $10.00 for each quarter hour of time spent by those personnel. The NEH may charge for time spent searching even if it does not locate any responsive records or if it determines that the records are entirely exempt from disclosure.
(ii) For computer searches of records, the NEH will charge the actual direct cost of conducting the search.
(2) Duplication. The fee for a photocopy of a record on one-side of an 81⁄2 × 11 inch sheet of paper is ten cents per page. For copies of records produced on tapes, disks, or other electronic media, the NEH will charge the direct costs of producing the copy, including operator time. For other forms of duplication, the NEH will charge the direct costs of that duplication. The NEH will honor a requester's preference for receiving a record in a particular form or format where it is readily reproducible by the NEH in the form or format requested.
(3) Review. The NEH will charge review fees to requesters who make a commercial use request. Review fees will be charged only for the initial record review (i.e., the review the NEH conducted to determine whether an exemption applies to a particular record or record portion at the initial request stage). No charge will be made for review at the administrative appeal stage for exemptions applied at the initial review stage. However, if the NEH re-reviews the records for the applicability of other exemptions that it did not previously consider, then the costs for the subsequent review are assessable. Review fees will be charged at the same rates as those charged for a search under paragraph (c)(1)(i). The NEH may charge for review even if it ultimately decides not to disclose a record.
(d) Limitations on charging requesters. (1) Except for requesters seeking records for commercial use, the NEH will provide without charge:
(i) The first 100 pages of duplication (or the cost equivalent); and
(ii) The first two hours of search (or the cost equivalent).
(2) When, after first deducting the 100 pages (or its cost equivalent) and the first two hours of search, the total fee is $25.00 or less for any request, the NEH will not charge a fee.
(3) If NEH fails to comply with the FOIA's time limits in which to respond to a request, it may not charge search fees, or, in the instances of requests from requesters described in paragraphs (b)(4) through (6) of this section, may not charge duplication fees, except as described in paragraphs (d)(3)(i) through (iii) of this section.
(i) If NEH has determined that unusual circumstances, as defined by the FOIA, apply and NEH has provided timely written notice to the requester in accordance with the FOIA, a failure to comply with the time limit shall be excused for an additional ten (10) working days.
(ii) If NEH has determined that unusual circumstances, as defined by the FOIA, apply and more than 5,000 pages are necessary to respond to the request, NEH may charge search fees, or, in the case of requesters described in paragraphs (b)(4) through (6) of this section, may charge duplication fees, provided NEH provided timely written notice of unusual circumstances to the requester in accordance with the FOIA and NEH discussed with the requester via written mail, email, or telephone (or made not less than three good-faith attempts to do so) how the requester could effectively limit the scope of the request in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a)(6)(B)(ii).
(iii) If a court has determined that exceptional circumstances exist, as defined by the FOIA, a failure to comply with the time limits shall be excused for the length of time provided by the court order.
(e) Categories of requesters. There are four categories of FOIA requesters: commercial use requesters; educational and non-commercial scientific institutions; representatives of the news media; and all other requesters. The NEH will assess fees for these categories of requesters as follows:
(1) Commercial use requesters. The NEH will charge the full direct costs for searching for, reviewing, and duplicating requested records.
(2) Educational and non-commercial scientific institution requesters. The NEH will charge for duplication only, excluding costs for the first 100 pages.
(3) News media requesters. The NEH will charge for duplication only, excluding costs for the first 100 pages.
(4) All other requesters. The NEH will charge requesters who do not fit into any of the categories above the full reasonable direct cost of searching for and reproducing records, excluding costs for the first 100 pages and the first two hours of search time.
(f) Requirements for fee waivers or reduction of fees. (1) The NEH will furnish responsive records without charge or at a reduced charge if it determines, based on all available information, that the requester has demonstrated that:
(i) Disclosure of the requested information is in the public interest because it is likely to contribute significantly to public understanding of the operations or activities of the government, and
(ii) Disclosure of the information is not primarily in the commercial interest of the requester.
(2) To determine whether the first fee requirement is met, the NEH will consider the following factors:
(i) The subject of the requested records must concern identifiable operations or activities of the Federal government, with a connection that is direct and clear, not remote or attenuated.
(ii) The disclosable portions of the requested records must be meaningfully informative about government operations or activities in order to be "likely to contribute" to an increased public understanding of those operations or activities. Disclosure of information already in the public domain, in either duplicative or substantially identical form, is unlikely to contribute to such understanding where nothing new would be added to the public's understanding.
(iii) The disclosure must contribute to the understanding of a reasonably broad audience of persons interested in the subject, as opposed to the individual understanding of the requester. A requester's expertise in the subject area as well as his or her ability and intention to effectively convey information to the public will be considered. It will ordinarily be presumed that a representative of the news media satisfies this consideration.
(iv) The public's understanding of the subject in question must be enhanced by the disclosure to a significant extent. The NEH will make no value judgments about whether the information at issue is "important" enough to be made public.
(3) To determine whether the second fee waiver requirement is met, the NEH will consider the following factors:
(i) The NEH will identify any commercial interest of the requester, as defined in paragraph (b)(1) of this section, that would be furthered by the requested disclosure. Requesters will be given an opportunity to provide explanatory information regarding this consideration.
(ii) A fee waiver or reduction is justified where the public interest is greater than any identified commercial interest in disclosure.
(4) Where only some of the requested records satisfy the requirements for a fee waiver, a waiver will be granted for those records.
(5) Requesters should make fee waiver or reduction requests when they first submit a FOIA request to the NEH. Fee waiver or reduction requests should address the factors listed in paragraphs (f)(2) and (3) of this section. Fee waiver or reduction requests may be submitted at a later time so long as the underlying record request is pending or on administrative appeal.
(g) Notice of anticipated fees in excess of $25.00. (1) When the NEH determines or estimates that the fees to be charged under this section will exceed $25.00, it will notify the requester of the actual or estimated fees, unless the requester has indicated a willingness to pay fees as high as those anticipated. If the NEH can only readily estimate a portion of the fees, it will advise the requester that the estimated fee may be only a portion of the total fee.
(2) The notice will offer the requester an opportunity to confer with NEH personnel in order to reformulate the request to meet the requester's needs at a lower cost and inform the requester of paragraph (d)(1) of this section, if applicable. A commitment by the requester to pay the anticipated fee must be in writing and must be received by the NEH within thirty (30) calendar days from the date of notification of the fee estimate. Until the requester agrees to pay the anticipated fee, the NEH will not consider the request as received by the agency and no further work will be done on the request. If a requester fails to respond within this timeframe, the NEH will administratively close the request.
(h) Charges for other services. When the NEH chooses, in its sole discretion, to provide a requested special service (e.g. certifying that records are true copies or sending them by other than ordinary mail), it will charge the direct costs of providing the service to the requester.
(i) Charging interest. The NEH may charge interest on any unpaid bill starting on the 31st day following the date of billing the requester. The NEH will assess interest charges at the rate provided in 31 U.S.C. 3717 and such charges will accrue from the billing date until the NEH receives payment from the requester. The NEH will follow the provisions of the Debt Collection Act of 1982 (Pub. L. 97-365, 96 Stat. 1749), as amended, and its administrative procedures, including the use of consumer reporting agencies, collection agencies, and offset.
(j) Advance payment. (1) For requests other than those described in paragraphs (j)(2) and (3) of this section, the NEH will not require the requester to make an advance payment before it commences or continues work on a request. Payment owed for work already completed (i.e., payment before copies are sent to a requester) is not an advance payment.
(2) When the NEH determines or estimates that a total fee to be charged under this section will be more than $250.00, it may require the requester to make an advance payment of an amount up to the amount of the entire anticipated fee before beginning to process the request, except where it receives a satisfactory assurance of full payment from a requester that has a history of prompt payment.
(3) When a requester has previously failed to pay a properly charged fee to the NEH within thirty (30) days of the billing date, the NEH may require the requester to pay the full amount due, plus any applicable interest, and to make an advance payment of the full amount of any anticipated fee, before the NEH begins to process a new request or continues to process a pending request from that requester.
(4) When there is an advance payment request, the NEH will not consider the request as received by the agency and no further work will be done on the request until the required payment is received. If the requester fails to respond within thirty (30) calendar days after the date of the advance payment request, the NEH will administratively close the request.
(k) Aggregating requests. When the NEH reasonably believes that a requester or a group of requesters acting together is attempting to divide a request into a series of requests for the purpose of avoiding fees, the NEH may aggregate those requests and charge accordingly. The NEH may presume that multiple requests of this type made within a 30-day period have been made in order to avoid fees. For requests separated by a longer period, the NEH will aggregate them only when there is a reasonable basis for determining that aggregation is warranted in view of all the circumstances involved. The NEH will not aggregate multiple requests involving unrelated matters.
NEH will preserve all correspondence pertaining to the requests that it receives as well as copies of all requested records, until disposition or destruction is authorized by the agency's General Records Schedule of the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) or other NARA-approved records schedule. Records will not be disposed of while they are the subject of a pending request, appeal, or lawsuit under the Act.
Nothing in this part will be construed to entitle any person, as of right, to any service or to the disclosure of any record to which such person is not entitled under the FOIA.


This easy to use app installs our 3D printing app in Autodesk® Fusion 360®. After clicking the 3D print button, you can repair, analyze and scale your model. On the platform you can choose among a wide range of materials and compare different 3D printing services.


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The climate emergency runs on coal, oil and gas. Nearly 80% of the greenhouse gas emissions that are driving the climate crisis come from burning fossil fuels. Yet many people are unwilling to talk about the idea of ending fossil fuel production as a key climate solution. That's because for years the fossil fuel industry has fed the public a steady stream of lies about how they are "key to prosperity," "essential for jobs," and "part of the climate solution." In reality, ending fossil fuel production will improve public health, address racial injustice, accelerate the transition to a clean energy economy, and help us avoid catastrophic global warming. It's time to get to work.
Fossil fuels are driving the climate crisis
Nearly 80% of the greenhouse gas emissions that are driving the climate crisis come from burning fossil fuels.
As of 2017, oil was responsible for 45% of greenhouse gas emissions in the United States, coal was responsible for 32%, and natural gas was responsible for 29%.
Since 1970, when scientists were already sounding the alarm about the climate crisis, CO2 emissions have increased by about 90%.
Just 90 companies and state owned enterprises are responsible for 2/3rds of manmade carbon emissions since the industrial revolution.
All but seven of these companies are fossil fuel related, the others are in cement production.
50 of these companies are investor owned fossil fuel firms, like Exxon, Chevron, Shell, and BP.
Nearly 30% of the emissions were produced just by the top 20 companies.
There is far more coal, oil and gas ready for production than we can safely burn
The fossil fuel industry's current coal, oil and gas reserves contain over 5x more carbon than we can safely burn and keep global warming below 1.5°C.
Not just that: there's already more oil, gas and coal currently under production than we can safely burn and keep global warming below 2.0°C — just burning the oil and gas alone would take us past 1.5°C.
But everyday the fossil fuel industry is spending millions of dollars to expand production.
Over the next twenty years, the industry is expected to spend $14 trillion on new fields, mines and transportation infrastructure — a lethal capital injection.
It doesn't matter how many solar panels and wind turbines we build — if we burn through these fossil fuels, it's game over for the climate.
These fossil fuel reserves are creating a massive "Carbon Bubble" that could threaten the entire economy
The value of many fossil fuel companies is directly tied to the value of their coal, oil and gas reserves. But if those reserves cannot be safely burned, their value is worthless. That means these fossil fuel companies are dramatically overvalued.
Not only that: the fossil fuel industry and their backers have invested billions of dollars into new pipelines, export facilities, power plants, and other infrastructure that will become "stranded assets" when we make the transition to clean energy.
By ignoring the science and refusing to invest in the transition to clean energy, the fossil fuel industry has inflated a massive "carbon bubble" that could threaten the entire economy.
In 2020, oil companies like Total, Shell, and BP have written off billions of dollars of assets that they can no longer afford to produce.
Without a "managed decline" of the fossil fuel industry, the collapse of oil, gas and coal companies could threaten workers, communities, shareholders, and the wider economy.
Stopping production is a key climate climate solution
Ending fossil fuel production is a key climate solution.
We need to stop all new fossil fuel projects and rapidly phase down production in line with the goal of limiting global warming below 1.5°C.
There are a number of straightforward reasons of why we have to stop the supply of fossil fuels as well as reduce demand:
First, just working on demand side solutions isn't fast enough. We need to go after both supply and demand to drive change quickly enough to prevent catastrophe.
Second, the fossil fuel industry does daily damage to the environment and public health. We can't let refineries continue to pollute communities of color for another decade. We can't allow coal mines and drilling wells to keep poisoning our air and waterways while we wait for a transition to clean energy.
Third, a plan to end fossil fuel production will create jobs, save money, and help communities make a "just transition" to a clean energy future. Left alone, the industry will resist progress and then crash and burn, hurting workers and communities in the process. We can keep fossil fuel workers employed shutting down production, cleaning up old infrastructure, and making the transition to a clean energy economy. This will save consumers money: without a plan, we're going to be left paying the bills for all the unnecessary fossil fuel projects the industry and utilities are pushing.
When you stop new fossil fuel projects or fossil fuel production, it accelerates the demand for clean energy. We see this in places like New York State, where opposition to new natural gas projects has forced the state's utility to ramp up plans for renewable energy.
The US continues to provide over $20 billion a year in direct subsidies to the fossil fuel industry — that doesn't include the cost of letting them pollute our atmosphere for free. That's money that could be going to a clean energy economy.
The industry remains the largest barrier to climate progress
For decades, the fossil fuel industry spent millions of dollars to convince the public that climate change was a hoax. Then they lied about the connection to coal, oil and gas. Now, they're lying about how they're "part of the solution."
Big Oil companies still spend hundreds of millions a year on lobbying and ads designed to mislead the public about their role in driving the climate crisis.
Every year the top oil companies spend roughly $200 million on lobbying designed to control, delay or block climate action. They spend another $195 million on ads designed to make the public think that they're addressing the problem.
The reality is that oil and gas companies spent just 1% of their budgets on clean energy in 2018.
Fossil fuel companies will fight tooth-and-nail against bold climate action, all while trying to carve out billions in subsidies and handouts.
Burning fossil fuels makes everything worse
Our ongoing addiction to fossil fuels isn't just a threat to the climate: it's also one of the greatest threats to public health, racial justice, our environment, and our economy.
According to the American Lung Association, nearly 50% of Americans are breathing toxic air.
A 2013 study by MIT found that air pollution leads to 200,000 premature deaths a year.
Burning fossil fuels disproportionately harms Black, Brown, and Indigenous peoples and other low-income, communities of color.
The industry perpetuates environmental racism by placing polluting facilities in low-income communities of color.
Black Americans are exposed to 38% more polluted air than White Americans.
Black Americans are 75% more likely to live near toxic oil and gas facilities than the average American.
In the United States, Native American reservations represent only 2 percent of the land but hold approximately 20 percent of the country's fossil fuel reserves. That puts these communities on the frontlines of mining, drilling, and other dangerous fossil fuel projects.
Fossil fuel production poisons our air, water and climate.
The production and use of fossil fuels are the leading cause of pollution.
Fossil fuel production is inherently damaging the environment — especially when you add in the many spills and disasters.
Major disasters — like the BP spill in the Gulf of Mexico — are a reminder of the huge risks we're taking with our ongoing addiction.
We have the solutions we need
We already have the solutions we need to power our lives with 100% renewable energy.
Clean energy is cleaner, cheaper, creates more jobs, and is better for consumers.
Clean energy is now cheaper than fossil fuels in most places around the world.
Building new clean energy is cheaper than running existing coal plants.
Over 3.3 million Americans work in clean energy, outnumbering fossil fuel workers by a 3-1 margin.
The fastest growing jobs across 12 states in 2018 were in renewable energy.
In 2020, Britain, the home of the industrial revolution, has gone months running its economy 100% coal free.
A new report shows that the United States can achieve 90% clean, carbon-free electricity nationwide by 2035 at no additional cost to consumers.
BloombergNEF predicts that by 2040, electric vehicles will account for more than half of all passenger and light commercial vehicles sales — many think it will be even more than that.
Health and Fossil Fuels Research
Economics, Finances, and Fossil Fuels