text:
Undang-Undang Laut Melaka
Undang-Undang Laut Melaka (Malay for 'Maritime laws of Melaka', Jawi: آوندڠ٢ لاوت ملاك) was a legal code of Melaka Sultanate (1400-1511) that deals specifically on matters related to maritime laws and regulations, as well as nautical procedures concerning seafaring affairs of merchant vessels. The other important legal code of Melaka was the Undang-Undang Melaka ('laws of Melaka'), though it still contains certain provisions related to maritime laws, was sometime known as Undang-Undang Darat Melaka ('laws on the land of Melaka') instead. The clauses contained in the Undang-Undang Laut Melaka cover an extensive area, taking into account a wide variety of circumstances that could arise on a ship, with respect to social issues, such as slavery, adultery, murder, stealing, disrespecting an officer and negligence in carrying out duties; also, economic aspects such as tax and trade, including measurement of weight and area. The legal code also outlines a very well-structured organisation on ships, with titles of the officers are clearly specified complete with their responsibilities.[1] In Melaka's court, matters related to the enforcement Undang-Undang Laut Melaka was placed under the authority of Laksamana ('admiral of the fleet').[2]
2.1 Chapter I
2.2 Chapter II
2.3 Chapter III
2.4 Chapter IV
The actual date when the legal code was drafted remains unknown. However, based on its manuscript, the promulgation of Undang-Undang Laut Melaka was the result of a meeting of a group of Melakan nakhodas (sea captain) during the reign of Muhammad Shah (1424-1444):
" First of all, Patih Harun and Patih Elias assembled Nakhoda Zainal, Nakhoda Dewa and Nakhoda Ishak, for the purpose of consulting and advising relative to the usages at sea, and of compiling , in conformity thereto, a code of Undang-Undang, or institutions. After they had consulted together, and collected the laws, they presented them to Datuk Bendahara, in the kingdom of Melaka, who laid them at the feet of the illustrious Muhammad Shah; whereupon the ruler said - I grant the request of the Bendahara, and establish these laws and institutions for your government and that of your posterity. When you administer these laws at sea, they shall not be afterwards interfered with on shore. Henceforth let the laws of the sea be carried into effect at sea, in like manner as those of the land are carried into effect on land; and let them not interfere with each other; for you (addressing himself to the nakhodas) are as rajas ('king') at sea, and I confer authority on you accordingly.[3] "
ContentEdit
According to Stamford Raffles, the clauses of Undang-Undang Laut Melaka which numbered up to 20, can be grouped into four distinctive chapters:[4]
Chapter IEdit
Authority of the code.[5]
Description of persons on board a vessel.[6]
Of the officers and crew, their authority, duties, and the nature of their engagements - explains the administrative structure or hierarchy of power on ship. A ship is like a state or a kingdom where the nakhoda (sea captain) is the king. This power hierarchy follows successively downwards which partly described as the following:[7]
Designation at sea
Comparative designation on land
Nakhoda (sea captain) Raja
Juru mudi (helmsman) Bendahara
Juru batu ('leadsman') Temenggung
Malim (pilot) Imam
Tukang kanan (petty officer in charge of starboard) Sida-sida
Tukang kiri (petty officer in charge of portside) Sida-sida
Tukang agong ('head workman') Sida-sida
Awak-awak (crew) Rakyat
Another position which was just as important as that of the nakhoda was that of the malim (pilot). It is rather difficult to find a comparative designation on the land, because most of his functions were-maritime related. The position of malim is often compared to that of an imam (leader of prayer group) on a ship due to his sailing skills. He was the one who decides when to set sail because he is knowledgeable about the prevailing winds, storm prediction and waves, sandbanks and corals. Clearly, the malim was the first person to give advise to the nakhoda about each voyage. The function of the juru mudi, who was the nakhoda's closest aide, was comparable to that of the bendahara ('prime minister'). The juru batu is said to have been the same status as the temenggung ('chief of public security'), this means that his role was to keep the peace on the ship and act as a judge in any dispute. This corresponds to an excerpt of Undang-Undang Laut Melaka, "….to decide right and wrong". Undang-Undang Laut Melaka gives an example, a crewman (awak-awak) who refused to follow the orders of the tukang agong was punished by the juru batu by canning of up to seven strokes.[8] Among other provisions in the clause are:
Rules and procedures for the crew on the duty of berkepang (guarding the ship). Four points are mentioned for the guard to pay attention to: water getting into the ship, incoming storms and wind, enemies boarding the ship, and fire outbreaks.[9]
Details on the duties of muda-muda; controlling the ship's rudder, guarding the weapons, defending the ship in warfare. They also responsible as the personal guards to nakhoda in ports.[10]
Procedures for the crew who guarded the ship's tupai (the main of access point between deck and hold).[11]
Procedures on supplies (food) for the awak-awak.[12]
It was established that the nakhoda was responsible for providing a loan to whoever required it. This is subject to certain procedures and processes, including the repayment terms and tax levied. For example, it is stated that the person who borrows is normally tied to an agreement for three years, three months, there days.[13]
Of the kiwis, or travelling merchants - in the 15th century Melaka, a system of commenda was well developed, whereby merchants would send goods in another man's ship, either in the care of some of his agents, travelling as kiwis, or entrusted to the nakhoda for a fixed return.[14] The clause outlines the responsibilities of a kiwi especially in matters related to rental rates and rights to a petak (a partition for storing goods).[15] The duties of the kiwi to look after the petak he rented and the time period allowed, are also mentioned in the clause . Penalties are specified for failure to fill up the rented petak within the stipulated period. A kiwi may join a ship's voyage in several ways; firstly, by renting a petak, secondly, by assisting the nakhoda with a capital of three or four tahils of gold, or by making an agreement to give 3/10 of his sales to the nakhoda. Also mentioned in this clause are the responsibilities of the maula or penghulu kiwi ('chief kiwi').[16] The chief kiwi shall be entitled to half of the division of hold, in which the rice or provisions are stowed.[17]
Chapter IIEdit
Of the divisions of a vessel - certain areas on board can only be occupied by selected people according to their status. For example, the balai lintang ('covered porch' or 'across hall') is specifically for meetings, while the balai bujur ('principal hall') is for muda-muda. The peterana lawang is reserved for the nakhoda, muda-muda and tukang agong, the awak-awak is prohibited to enter any of these three areas. The clause also mentions on other issues on petak rental and the status of the rental space should any matter arise with regard to the crew member, such as altercation, illness, criminal act and so forth.[18]
Regulations for the safety of a vessel while at sea.[19]
Of fire.[20]
Of throwing cargo overboard - procedures of throwing the ship's cargo overboard in the event of a big storm, for the safety of the ship's crew. The cargo that need to be reduced will be thrown out depending on the rate and value owned by each passenger and shareholder of each petak.[21]
Of vessel running foul of each other - rules and penalties for ships colliding at sea, especially during rainstorms. The clause also mentions the procedures taken if a ship hit 'lintang payer' (vessels anchored across the sea or rivers to collect tax); the fine had to be paid by all those sailing on the ship, whether a free man, a slave, old, young, poor, rich, men and women, everyone have to contribute.[22]
Of putting into ports, and the mode of trading - procedures and regulations for trading at the ports/towns. On arrival at port, when the market was at its most favourable, the nakhoda had first right to sell his merchandise, four days before the kiwis and six days before other sailors.'[23] The nakhoda also had the priority to offer his goods at the highest price. Anyone offering their goods at a higher price than the nakhoda could have his goods confiscated by the nakhoda after being paid only the cost price. This clause also stated that a nakhoda had to consult his officers if he wished to stop at any port which was not in the original schedule. In the same way, if he decided to cross a bay, strait, etc. he had to firstly get the consent of the juru mudi, juru batu and tukang agong.[24]
Of detentions - the clause stated that: "when the season is nearly over, and the nakhoda omits to sail, the kiwi shall wait, on his account, for seven days, after which, if the nakhoda does not proceed, and the season is over, the price paid for the petak shall be returned to the kiwis. If the kiwis are the cause of the delay, and the season is nearly over, the nakhoda shall detain the vessel seven days on their account, after which he is authorised to sail without them, if they are not ready; and no more shall be paid or done relating thereto."[25]
Of persons quitting a vessel.[26]
Chapter IIIEdit
Of persons who may be in distress, or who have been wrecked at sea - procedures for nakhoda who met castaways with their treasures, due to a shipwreck.[27]
Of troves - procedures of distribution of confiscated treasures at sea. These procedures also followed the status categories of the beneficiaries-whether a slave, a person in debt or relative of the nakhoda. The code stated that: "Whatever is found on the sea, whovever may discover it, is the property of the nakhoda of the vessel, who may give what he thinks proper to the persons who found it. Whatever may be found on shore by persons belonging to the vessel, at the time when they are not acting under the nakhodas orders, nor performing the duty of the vessel, even if the parties are kiwis or turun menugen, the trove shall be divided into three parts, and one-third shall appertain to the finder, and the remaining two parts become the property of the nakhoda."[28]
Of carrying off slaves from another country - procedures and laws for nakhoda who found slaves who had run away from their owners.[29]
Chapter IVEdit
Of crimes and punishments on board a vessel - penalties for those who fought and murdered on board ship including the punishment for a kiwi who tried to kill the nakhoda. There are also details of the persons who can be sentenced to death on board ship. Four types of offences can incur the death sentence;[30]
i) Speaking offensively and being disloyal to the nakhoda.
ii) Planning or collaborating with other crew members to kill the nakhoda, kiwi, tukang or malim.
iii) A person who carries kris on board, whilst others do not.
iv) Very bad behaviour and acting disrespectfully.
Of disrespectful and contumacious conduct towards the nakhoda - for one who is outspoken and rude to the nakhoda or kiwi, the person can be punished, and may be killed if he retaliates with hostility.[31]
Of adultery, and criminal connection with women on board a vessel - this clause is explained according to the status of the offenders, whether a free man, a slave, a single girl, a bachelor, a wife, a husband.[32]
Of quarrels and dissections - the clause for those who fought on board ship.[33]
Of theft.[34]
^ Mardiana Nordin 2008, p. 18
^ Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid 2011, p. 115
^ Reddie 1841, p. 484
^ Reddie 1841, pp. 482–483
^ Mardiana Nordin 2008, pp. 16&19
^ Tarling 2000, p. 133
^ Mardiana Nordin 2008, pp. 17
Ahmad Sarji Abdul Hamid (2011), The Encyclopedia of Malaysia, 16 - The Rulers of Malaysia, Editions Didier Millet, ISBN 978-981-3018-54-9
Mardiana Nordin (2008), "Undang-Undang Laut Melaka: A Note on Malay Maritime Law in the 15th century", Memory and knowledge of the Sea in Southeast Asia, Kuala Lumpur: Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, ISBN 978-983-9576-36-8
Tarling, Nicholas (2000), The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, 2, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-052-1663-70-0
Reddie, James (1841), An Historical view of the law of maritime commerce, W. Blackwood and sons
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Undang-Undang_Laut_Melaka&oldid=905471180"
Last edited on 9 July 2019, at 09:22


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Cox-Maksimov D (1997). The Making of the Clinical Trial in Britain, 1910-1945: Expertise, the State and the Public. Philosophy Thesis, University of Cambridge.
© Desirée Cox-Maksimov
Cite as: Cox-Maksimov D (1997). The Making of the Clinical Trial in Britain, 1910-1945: Expertise, the State and the Public. Philosophy Thesis, University of Cambridge. JLL Bulletin: Commentaries on the history of treatment evaluation (https://www.jameslindlibrary.org/articles/the-making-of-the-clinical-trial-in-britain-1910-1945-expertise-the-state-and-the-public/)
Download the full thesis as a PDF
The randomised controlled clinical trial (RCT) is hailed as one of the most revolutionary medical innovations this century. It is a method for determining the therapeutic efficacy of medicines. This thesis is a sociocultural history of how the clinical trial was made in Britain during the first half of this century. Previous histories have argued either that the RCT is simply the culmination of a very ancient history of therapeutic testing, or that it is the product of the rise of medical statistics this century. Both kinds of history focus on the medical statistician Austin Bradford Hill, who imported randomisation into the streptomycin trials of 1946-48.
This thesis, in contrast, shows what has been taken as a strictly medical methodology as part of other developments and contests in medicine and in British society. Not only does it show that all the procedural elements of the RCT were put into place before 1946, but that the stakes for defining therapeutic value were high for medical authorities such as the British Medical Association and the Ministry of Health and state bodies like the Medical Research Council. One layman, Major Chas Stevens, who took these authorities on year after year, for some thirty years, forced authorities to show what was at stake in creating a 'standard' system for defining the therapeutic value of medicines. This was the Dreyfus Case of the making of the clinical trial in Britain. What was at stake for these authorities was nothing short of the future of the nation. I focus on this extreme case, and I analyse three additional clinical trials in detail (ranging from the 1920s to the 1940s) to examine the moral management of
pharmaceutical companies, physicians and patients in defining expertise for therapeutic testing. These cases also show the role of state institutions in legitimising this system.
The thesis is divided into three parts. Part I, entitled Therapeutic Values, is about the battles of Major Chas Stevens with medical and state authorities in his attempts to have his tuberculosis remedy legitimated by these authorities. The case, which runs from the turn of the century to the 1940s, introduces the central figures and institutions, particularly the Medical Research Council (MRC), involved in making the clinical trial. I demonstrate that 'character', 'trust', and 'standards' were crucial in determining who were excluded from the MRC's trial machinery as well as in defining expertise for determining efficacy. The themes of expertise and efficacy are developed further in Part II, Standards, Moral Management and the State, which connects them with state authority and public interest, through appeals to efficiency and standardisation on the part of an influential group of medical scientists and administrators within the MRC. I show how, in the 1920s, the highly publicised insulin trials were used to facilitate the MRC's becoming the legal authority in the biological standardisation of therapeutic substances.
Part III of the thesis is entitled Human Machines, and shows how clinical trials were standardised and managed by the MRC's Therapeutic Trials Committee, and how contests regarding the serum pneumococcal trials in the 1930s were crucial in defining standard trial procedure. Through a detailed examination of the 1940s mass trial of the drug Patulin for the common cold, I show how, in the context of wartime mobilisation, the system of clinical trials was mechanised. The large scale of this trial provided the statistician Major Greenwood with a unique opportunity to justify the essential role of statistical tools in managing and mechanising clinical trials. I conclude the thesis with discussion about the moral and cultural meanings of defining expertise for determining the therapeutic value of drugs within the state. I comment on the ways in which the 'public' had to be created in order to make a standard system for generating verdicts about the efficacy of medicines. Finally, I examine the implications of opening up this medical methodology as a cultural critique of twentieth century Britain. The Epilogue about postwar streptomycin trials connects this cultural history with the medical statistician Austin Bradford Hill's use of 'randomisation' as a specifically statistical tool of mechanisation. It also points to the way in which this now famous RCT was made a monumental success in the wake of, and perhaps in part because of, the highly public failure of the mass Patulin trials. Overall, the thesis offers a novel perspective on how and why medical authorities, driven by and appealing to major national concerns, used particularly British cultural values to define a methodology for defining therapeutic efficacy, for the public good.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Dating Claudia Winkleman
Claudia Winkleman
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Claudia Anne Winkleman is an English television presenter, model, film critic, radio personality, and journalist, known for her work with the BBC. She graduated from New Hall, Cambridge with a degree in art history.
Claudia Anne I. Winkleman
January 15, 1972 (age 50)
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Schalk's daisycutter was sweet but meaningless as Ross County slumped in to the danger zone after making it nine games without a win.
Foster demonstrated great agility to get down low to Eriksen's daisycutter.
Pears then had to be at his best to push Bray's effort wide of the post, before Jakupovic opened the scoring in style - hitting a 20-yard daisycutter into the corner on 72 minutes.
There's that run from his own half at Newcastle, the free-kick at Swansea, the Manchester City howitzer or the driven daisycutter (take your pick), even the Carrow Road cracker.
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Gestede won the header then won the second ball and Blackburn won the tie as Swansea pushed and Conway drove a daisycutter underneath Fabianski.
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text:
Marco Gonzales
This article is about the baseball player. For the footballer, see Marco Gonzalez. For the pre-Columbian archaeological site, see Marco González.
Gonzales with the Seattle Mariners in 2018
Seattle Mariners – No. 7
Born: (1992-02-16) February 16, 1992 (age 27)
Bats: Left Throws: Left
MLB debut
June 25, 2014, for the St. Louis Cardinals
MLB statistics
(through July 6, 2019)
Win–loss record
Earned run average
St. Louis Cardinals (2014–2015, 2017)
Seattle Mariners (2017–present)
Marco Elias Gonzales (born February 16, 1992) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Seattle Mariners of Major League Baseball (MLB). He has played in MLB for the St. Louis Cardinals. He attended Gonzaga University, where he played college baseball for the Gonzaga Bulldogs as a pitcher and first baseman.
At Gonzaga, Gonzales won the West Coast Conference Player of the Year, Pitcher of the Year, and Freshman of the Year awards. Gonzales also was chosen as an All-American and named the John Olerud Award winner for 2013. The Cardinals selected him with the 19th overall pick in the first round of the June 2013 MLB draft. In Minor League Baseball in 2014, he was a Texas League midseason All-Star and Pitcher of the Week selection and the Cardinals' Minor League Pitcher of the Year. He made his MLB debut in 2014, and underwent Tommy John surgery in 2016 for a torn ulnar collateral ligament in his left elbow. The Cardinals traded him to the Mariners in 2017.
1 Amateur career
2.1 Minor Leagues
2.2 St Louis Cardinals
2.2.1 2014
2.3 Seattle Mariners
4 Pitching profile
5 Personal
Amateur career[edit]
Gonzales attended Rocky Mountain High School in Fort Collins, Colorado.[1] He lettered in baseball in all four years.[2] In his sophomore, junior, and senior seasons, he was named All-Colorado and All-Front Range. As a senior, he was named the Colorado High School Baseball Player of the Year after compiling an 11–0 won–loss record (W–L) with a 2.20 earned run average (ERA) and 87 strikeouts (SO) in 54 innings pitched (IP). He also batted .486 with seven home runs and 36 runs batted in (RBI).[2] He started the Class 5A state championship game for Rocky Mountain in all four years of his high school career, winning all four.[1][2]
The Colorado Rockies selected Gonzales in the 29th round of the 2010 Major League Baseball (MLB) draft. As the Rockies did not make a significant offer and advised him to attend college, Gonzales opted not to sign.[citation needed] Instead, he enrolled at Gonzaga University to play college baseball for the Bulldogs.[1] That summer, he played collegiate summer baseball for the Wenatchee AppleSox of the West Coast League.[3]
As a freshman at Gonzaga, Gonzales finished with an 11–2 W–L and 2.57 ERA, and was named West Coast Conference (WCC) co-Player of the Year and co-Freshman of the Year, along with Kris Bryant.[1][4] As a sophomore, he had an 8–2 W–L and a 1.55 ERA, and was named WCC Pitcher of the Year and an All-American.[1][2][5] That summer, he played for the United States national collegiate baseball team in tournaments in Cuba and the Netherlands, being named most valuable player of the Netherlands tournament.[2]
In 2013, his junior year, he pitched a 7–3 record with a 2.80 ERA, and led the team in hitting with a .311 average, two home runs and 26 RBI, earning him Co-West Coast Conference Player of the Year honors.[1][6] Gonzales was named a semifinalist for the Golden Spikes Award.[7] In 2013, he won the John Olerud Award, awarded annually by the College Baseball Foundation to the best two-way player of the season.[8]
Minor Leagues[edit]
Gonzales was widely considered to be a first-round pick before the 2013 MLB draft[1] The St. Louis Cardinals selected him 19th overall.[9] He signed on June 19 for $1.85 million.[10] Baseball America rated him #28 in their Top 500 prospects.
The Cardinals assigned him to the Gulf Coast League Cardinals in the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League, then promoted him to the Palm Beach Cardinals of the Class A-Advanced Florida State League. He completed 23 1⁄3 IP with a 2.70 ERA between the two squads. In addition, he allowed 18 hits and eight walks for a 1.114 walks plus hits per inning pitched ratio (WHIP) while striking out 23.[11]
Gonzales began the 2014 season with Palm Beach, and received a promotion to the Springfield Cardinals of the Class AA Texas League in May.[12] His statistics after seven starts at Springfield included 38 2⁄3 IP, a 3–2 won-loss record, a 2.33 ERA. He allowed 33 hits, two home runs, and 10 walks while striking out 46. He was rated the #4 prospect in the Cardinals' organization. The Cardinals called him up to the major leagues, and, the day before he made his MLB debut, he was named to the 2014 All-Star Futures Game at Target Field in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[13][14]
St Louis Cardinals[edit]
Filling in for the injured Jaime García, Gonzales made his major league debut as the starter against the Rockies on June 25.[15] Due to his promotion to the major leagues, he was removed from the Futures Game roster.[16] He doubled in his first major league at-bat. Left fielder and former Rockie Matt Holliday singled him home to score his first run. On the mound, he gave up five earned runs and seven hits, with one home run in five innings, walking two, striking out three, facing 24 batters, and received a no-decision. Gonzales began with three scoreless innings, but got into trouble in the fourth by giving up a lead-off home run to Drew Stubbs, two doubles and two singles. The Cardinals eventually won, 9–6.[17] Gonzales became the first Cardinals' starter to make his debut without playing at the Triple A level since Cliff Politte in April 1998.[18]
Gonzales' second MLB start came against the San Francisco Giants at AT&T Park. The outing went similar to his first MLB appearance, he started with three scoreless innings but yielded multiple runs in the fourth. In 4 1⁄3 IP, he yielded five earned runs, seven hits, four walks and two strikeouts. The Giants won 5–0, giving him his first MLB loss.[19] After posting a 7.07 ERA in first three MLB starts, the Cardinals optioned him to the Triple-A Memphis Redbirds on July 7, where he appeared for the first time.[20]
On August 30, the Cardinals recalled Gonzales, and he gained his first MLB win in a 13–2 romp over the Chicago Cubs. He completed six innings, allowed one run on three hits, two walks, and struck out five.[21] Gonzales' third win of the season came against the Rockies by a score of 4–1 on September 14 as he struck out nine in 5 2⁄3 IP. The nine strikeouts were the most by a Cardinals left-handed rookie since Rick Ankiel on September 13, 2000.[22] He made 10 total MLB appearances, five as a starter, completing 34 2⁄3 IP, allowing 32 H, 21 BB, 16 ER and a 4.15 ERA with a 4–2 W–L.[23] In 31 total games – including 26 starts – between three minor league levels and the major leagues, Gonzales allowed a 2.81 ERA with a 13–7 W–L record and 148 SO in 156 2⁄3 IP.[24]
The Cardinals made the playoffs in 2014, and Gonzales made his MLB postseason debut, pitching in relief. He recorded three total scoreless innings in the National League Division Series (NLDS) against the Los Angeles Dodgers. He picked up two of the club's three wins, including the series clincher.[25] He pitched another three innings against the Giants in the National League Championship Series (NLCS), giving up three earned runs as the Cardinals were eliminated from the postseason.[23] In December, the Cardinals named him their Minor League Pitcher of the Year.[24]
Having struggled with a shoulder injury for much of the 2015 season, Gonzales totaled 13 starts and 64 innings with Memphis, allowing a 5.20 ERA with 81 hits and a .315 batting average against. His record was 1–4. The Cardinals activated him with the roster expansion on September 1.[26] He made his first major league appearance and start of the season against the Washington Nationals that day, allowing four runs in less than three innings.[27] Prior to the 2016 season, Baseball America ranked him as the fifth-best prospect in the Cardinals' system.[28]
He was sidelined on April 13, 2016, after a diagnosis on a torn ulnar collateral ligament in his left elbow.[29] The injury required Tommy John surgery in April 2016, putting Gonzales out for the entire 2016 season.[30] He was ranked the seventh-best prospect in the Cardinals' organization.[31]
Gonzales was recalled on June 13, 2017, to start Game 2 of a doubleheader against the Milwaukee Brewers. It was his first start in the majors since September 1, 2015.[citation needed]
Seattle Mariners[edit]
On July 21, 2017, the Cardinals traded Gonzales to the Seattle Mariners for Tyler O'Neill.[32]
After pitching to a 1-1 record and 2.08 ERA in seven spring training starts, Gonzales was rewarded a spot on Seattle's 2018 Opening Day roster and in their starting rotation.[33] Gonzales remained in the rotation for the entire season, starting 29 games for Seattle. He led the team in wins with 13 while compiling a 4.00 ERA. Overall, Gonzales pitched in 166 2⁄3 innings, striking out 145.
On March 9, 2019, Gonzales was named the Mariners' Opening Day starter for their opening series in Japan.[34]
Award/honor
Dates (Ranking or event)
Major League Baseball All-Star Futures Game 1 2014 [35]
All-Star 1 2014 (Texas League midseason) [35]
Pitcher of the Week 1 June 15, 2014 (Texas League) [35]
St. Louis Cardinals Minor League Pitcher of the Year 1 2014 [24]
Tournament Most Valuable Pitcher 1 2012 (Netherlands)
John Olerud Award 1 2013
All-American 1 2012
West Coast Conference Pitcher of the Year 1 2012
West Coast Conference Player of the Year 1 2011
West Coast Conference Freshman of the Year 1 2011
Pitching profile[edit]
Gonzales throws a fastball between 88 to 91 miles per hour (142–146 km/h). He features a changeup that was regarded as one of the best in his draft class.[6] His command is above average, and throws two different breaking pitches with his curve being better than his slider.[10] After his first MLB stint from June–July 2014, manager Mike Matheny advised him to add a curveball and cut fastball to keep hitters from focusing on his four-seam fastball and changeup.[20]
Personal[edit]
Gonzales' father, Frank, played baseball at La Junta High School in La Junta, Colorado, leading it to a state championship in the 1980s. He went on to pitch at Colorado State University and was drafted in the 16th round by the Detroit Tigers in 1989. He then played about ten years in the minor leagues, coached high school and continues as a pitching coach the Colorado Rockies' Class A minor-league club.[1] Gonzales' mother, Gina, is a firefighter; his brother Alex also plays baseball for Gonzales' alma mater, Rocky Mountain High School.[36]
Gonzales grew up a Colorado Rockies fan.[37]
Colorado portal
Baseball portal
St. Louis Cardinals all-time roster
^ a b c d e f g h Frei, Terry (June 2, 2013). "Marco Gonzales likely first-round pick in 2013 MLB draft after starring for Rocky Mountain H.S., Gonzaga". The Denver Post. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
^ a b c d e Hamrick, Ken (May 10, 2013). "Gonzales having stellar year for Gonzaga". La Junta Tribune-Democrat. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
^ Fry, Hap (August 10, 2010). "Marco Gonzales pitching well in summer league". Fort Collins Coloradoan. Retrieved June 2, 2013. (subscription required)
^ Trimmer, Dave (June 2, 2011). "In brief: Gonzales, Carpenter lead way for Zags on WCC team". Spokesman.com. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
^ Stalwick, Howie (June 2, 2013). "Gonzaga All-American projected high in baseball draft". Kitsap Sun. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
^ a b Meyer, Brendan (June 19, 2013). "Molina homers, Cards win 4–1 against Cubs". St. Louis Post-Dispatch.
^ SWX Right Now Staff (May 28, 2013). "Gonzales named semifinalist for Golden Spikes Award". Khq.com. Retrieved June 2, 2013.
^ O'Brien, Patrick (June 29, 2013). "Marco Gonzales named John Olerud Two-Way Player of Year". khq.com. Retrieved April 19, 2014.
^ Langosch, Jenifer (May 24, 2013). "Cards double up on lefties in first round of draft". stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com. Retrieved June 8, 2013.
^ a b "Marco Gonzales, #4 Prospect". stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com. Retrieved June 24, 2014.
^ "Marco Gonzales minor league statistics & history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved June 23, 2014.
^ Berry, Adam (May 24, 2014). "Gonzales hurls shutout ball in first Double-A win". stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com.
^ Lytle, Kevin (June 25, 2014). "Marco Gonzales makes Futures Game roster". Fort Collins Coloradoan. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
^ Ulm, Cody (June 25, 2014). "Gonzales, Ramsey selected to Futures Game". stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
^ Ulm, Cody (June 23, 2014). "Gonzales' debut doubles as homecoming". MLB.com.
^ "2014 All-Star Futures Game roster". MLB.com. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
^ Ulm, Cody (June 25, 2014). "Cards cap big comeback with clutch two-baggers". MLB.com. Retrieved June 25, 2014.
^ "LHP Marco Gonzalez to debut with Cardinals". ESPN.com. Associated Press. June 25, 2014. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
^ Lytle, Kevin (July 1, 2014). "Marco Gonzales struggles in second MLB start". Fort Collins Coloradoan. Retrieved July 3, 2014.
^ a b Langsoch, Jenifer; Halsted, Alex (July 7, 2014). "Gonzales optioned to Memphis; Lyons recalled". stlouis.cardinals.mlb.com. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
^ Langosch, Jenifer (August 31, 2014). "Holliday's swings, big eighth give Cards the split". MLB.com.
^ Harris, Joe (September 14, 2014). "Sweep keeps Cardinals 3 1/2 up in NL Central". MLB.com. Retrieved September 14, 2014.
^ a b "Marco Gonzales statistics and history". Baseball-Reference.com. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
^ a b c Goold, Derrick (December 19, 2014). "Someone old, someone new are Cards' best". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved December 20, 2014.
^ Langosch, Jenifer (October 7, 2014). "Up and Adams: Cards mold NLCS berth out of Clayton". MLB.com. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
^ Timmerman, Tom (September 1, 2015). "Cards win another stunner, beat Nationals 8–5". St. Louis Post-Dispatch. Retrieved September 4, 2015.
^ Lytle, Kevin (September 2, 2015). "Marco Gonzales struggles in MLB season debut". Fort Collins Coloradoan. Retrieved September 2, 2015.
^ Manuel, John (November 16, 2015). "St. Louis Cardinals top 10 prospects". Baseball America. Retrieved January 1, 2016.
^ Cardinals' Marco Gonzales To Undergo Tommy John Surgery - MLB Trade Rumors
^ Marco Gonzales, former 5A Lobo, recovering from Tommy John surgery
^ Langosch, Jenifer (April 13, 2016). "Cards prospect Gonzales lost for season". MLB.com.
^ http://www.thenewstribune.com/sports/mlb/seattle-mariners/article162898233.html
^ Lytle, Kevin (March 29, 2018). "Rocky Mountain grad Marco Gonzales makes Seattle Mariners' starting rotation". Coloradoan.com.
^ https://www.mlb.com/mariners/news/marco-gonzales-to-start-mariners-opening-day
^ a b c "Marco Gonzales profile". Scout.com. Retrieved July 13, 2014.
^ Branch, John (October 16, 2014). "A mother's phone buzzes: Her son is in again". The New York Times Company. Retrieved October 16, 2014.
^ https://www.foxsports.com/midwest/story/cardinals-gonzales-set-to-debut-in-familiar-park-062414-2
Career statistics and player information from MLB, or ESPN, or Baseball-Reference, or Fangraphs, or The Baseball Cube, or Baseball-Reference (Minors)
Marco Gonzales on Twitter
West Coast Conference Baseball Player of the Year
1968: David
1969: Corder
1970: Larson
1972: Troedson
1973: Noah
1974: Delyon
1975: Perkins
1982: Furman & Oliva
1985: Bierley
1986: Donnels
1987: Erickson & Faries
1988: Buckley & Rolls
1989: Hirtensteiner
1990: Bradbury
1991: Ciccarella
1992: Rodriguez
1993: Herde
1994: Thompson
1995: Christenson
1996: Parmenter
1997: Frank
1998: Walter
1999: Bozied
2000: Angel & Sardinha
2001: Haren
2002: Gold
2003: Dierks & Estrada
2004: Thibault
2005: Tracy
2006: Cousins
2007: Buschini
2008: Thames
2009: Meador
2011: Bryant & Gonzales
2012: Sever
2014: Joe
2015: Holder
2016: Bohling
2017: Adams
2018: Qsar
2019: Hale
West Coast Conference Baseball Pitcher of the Year
1977: Candiotti & Foley
1982: Peterson
1985: Marrett
1986: Fetters & Layana
1987: Ward
1988: Simons
1989: Craven
1991: Tuttle
1992: Ahearne
1993: Duda
1994: Pailthorpe
1996: Carmody
1997: Wolf
1998: Schultz
2000: Traber
2001: Lowry
2002: Barrett
2003: Ramirez
2004: Kahn
2005: Coleman
2006: Enright & McGuigan
2007: Mortensen
2008: Matusz
2009: Fields
2010: Blair
2011: Carpenter
2012: Gonzales
2013: Olson
2014: Brown
2015: Hill
2016: Puckett
2017: Abbott
2018: Chandler
2019: Pavia
John Olerud Award
2010: McGee
2011: Hultzen
2014: Reed
2015: McKay
2018: Wilson
2013 Major League Baseball Draft First Round Selections
Mark Appel
Jon Gray
Kohl Stewart
Trey Ball
Hunter Dozier
Phil Bickford
Dominic Smith
D. J. Peterson
Hunter Renfroe
Braden Shipley
J. P. Crawford
Jonathon Crawford
Nick Ciuffo
Hunter Harvey
Chi Chi Gonzalez
Billy McKinney
Christian Arroyo
Eric Jagielo
Phillip Ervin
Rob Kaminsky
Travis Demeritte
Jason Hursh
Ian Clarkin
St. Louis Cardinals first-round draft picks
1965: DiFabio
1968: Hairston
1969: Minott
1970: Browning
1971: Kurpiel
1973: Edelen
1974: Templeton
1976: Durham
1977: T. Kennedy
1978: Hicks
1979: Van Slyke
1980: Collins
1981: Meachem
1982: Worrell
1983: Lindeman
1984: Dunne
1985: Magrane
1986: Alicea
1988: Ericks, DuVall, Jordan
1990: Osborne, Holbert, Ellis
1991: Young, Watson, Barber, McKinnon, Cholowsky
1992: Lowe
1993: Benes
1994: Wagner
1995: Morris, Haas
1996: Looper
1997: A. Kennedy
1998: Drew, Diggins
1999: Caple, Stocks, Duncan
2000: Boyd, Williams
2001: Pope
2002: None
2003: Barton
2004: Lambert
2005: Rasmus, Greene, McCormick, Herron
2006: Ottavino, C. Perez
2007: Kozma, Mortensen
2008: Wallace, Lynn
2009: Miller
2010: Cox, Blair, Jenkins
2011: Wong
2012: Wacha, Ramsey, Piscotty, Wisdom, Bean
2013: Gonzales, Kaminsky
2014: Weaver, Flaherty
2015: Plummer
2016: D. Pérez, Carlson, Hudson
2018: Gorman
Seattle Mariners Opening Day starting pitchers
Glenn Abbott
Floyd Bannister
Érik Bédard
Jeff Fassero
Freddy García
Erik Hanson
Félix Hernández
Brian Holman
Mark Langston
Mike Parrott
Gaylord Perry
Diego Seguí
Seattle Mariners current roster
0 Mallex Smith
1 Tim Beckham
2 Tom Murphy
3 J. P. Crawford
7 Marco Gonzales
8 Mike Leake
9 Dee Gordon
12 Mac Williamson
15 Kyle Seager
16 Domingo Santana
18 Yusei Kikuchi
20 Daniel Vogelbach
22 Omar Narváez
23 Austin Nola
25 Dylan Moore
35 Cory Gearrin
37 Parker Markel
44 Matt Wisler
49 Wade LeBlanc
52 Anthony Bass
55 Roenis Elías
56 Matt Carasiti
64 David McKay
67 Matt Festa
Inactive roster
33 Justus Sheffield
39 Shed Long
46 Gerson Bautista
47 Ricardo Sánchez
50 Erik Swanson
5 Braden Bishop
17 Mitch Haniger
26 Sam Tuivailala
27 Ryon Healy
34 Félix Hernández
43 Hunter Strickland
53 Dan Altavilla
54 Connor Sadzeck
60 Chasen Bradford
63 Austin Adams
65 Brandon Brennan
-- Arodys Vizcaíno
Manager 29 Scott Servais
Bench 14 Manny Acta
First base 13 Chris Prieto
Third base 6 Perry Hill
Hitting 21 Tim Laker
Pitching 28 Paul Davis
Bullpen 38 Jim Brower
Bullpen catcher 66 Fleming Baez
Field Coordinator 48 Jared Sandberg
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Marco_Gonzales&oldid=906435703"
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Differences in treatment outcome in favour of the dolutegravir arm were driven by greater virologic response: at Week 24, 15% of patients receiving the dolutegravir regimen had virologic non-response vs. 24% of patients receiving the raltegravir regimen. In addition, fewer subjects failed therapy with integrase inhibitor resistance on dolutegravir (n=2) than on raltegravir (n=10, p=0.016).
Overall, the tolerability of dolutegravir (DTG) was similar to that of raltegravir (RAL). At 24 weeks, 2% of subjects on the dolutegravir regimen discontinued due to adverse events (AEs) vs. 4% of subjects on the raltegravir regimen. The rate of drug-related AEs was similar for both arms (DTG 20%, RAL 23%) and commonly reported AEs (defined as events that occurred in more than 10% of subjects) were similar on both arms, namely diarrhoea (20% DTG, 17% RAL) and upper respiratory tract infection (11% DTG, 8% RAL).
The primary objective of the ongoing double-blind, double-dummy phase III SAILING study is to demonstrate the antiviral activity of once-daily dolutegravir 50mg compared to twice-daily raltegravir 400mg over 48 weeks in HIV-1 infected, antiretroviral-experienced, integrase inhibitor-naïve adults. At baseline, 715 study participants were randomised 1:1 to receive either dolutegravir or raltegravir plus investigator-selected background regimen of no more than 2 agents, one of which was fully active. All subjects had documented genotypic or phenotypic resistance to agents from at least two antiretroviral therapy drug classes, and ongoing virologic replication. Median baseline HIV-1 RNA levels were 4.18 log10 c/mL and median baseline CD4+ cell counts were 200 cells/mm3. The study population included 32% women, 42% were of African American/African heritage, and 46% of study participants were classified as CDC Class C (patients who have one or more AIDS-defining illness). The 48-week primary analysis of this study will be presented at a future scientific meeting.
S/GSK1349572 (dolutegravir, DTG) is an investigational integrase inhibitor currently in development for the treatment of HIV; it does not require an additional pharmacokinetic boosting drug to be added to the regimen. Integrase inhibitors block HIV replication by preventing the viral DNA from integrating into the genetic material of human immune cells (T-cells). This step is essential in the HIV replication cycle and is also responsible for establishing chronic infection.
SAILING is the fourth Phase III dolutegravir study reporting in 2012 and 2013. Data from the two studies in treatment-naïve populations, SPRING-2 (ING113086) and SINGLE (ING114467), were announced in April and July of 2012 respectively. Data from VIKING-3 (ING112574) in integrase inhibitor-resistant patients were announced in November 2012. Dolutegravir is not yet approved as a treatment for HIV or any other indication anywhere in the world.
Shionogi forward-looking statement: This announcement contains forward-looking statements. These statements are based on expectations in light of the information currently available, assumptions that are subject to risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from these statements. Risks and uncertainties include general domestic and international economic conditions such as general industry and market conditions, and changes of interest rate and currency exchange rate. These risks and uncertainties particularly apply with respect to product-related forward-looking statements. Product risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, completion and discontinuation of clinical trials; obtaining regulatory approvals; claims and concerns about product safety and efficacy; technological advances; adverse outcome of important litigation; domestic and foreign healthcare reforms and changes of laws and regulations. The company disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. This announcement contains information on pharmaceuticals (including compounds under development), but this information is not intended to make any representations or advertisements regarding the efficacy or effectiveness of these preparations nor provide medical advice of any kind.
Under the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, GSK cautions investors that any forward-looking statements or projections made by GSK, including those made in this announcement, are subject to risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Factors that may affect GSK's operations are described under 'Risk factors' in the 'Financial review & risk' section in the company's Annual Report 2011 included as exhibit 15.2 to the company's Annual Report on Form 20-F for 2011.


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Tripoli, April 8: Libya's UN-backed government says 21 people have been killed and 27 wounded in fighting near the capital, Tripoli. Earlier the UN appealed for a two-hour truce so casualties and civilians could be evacuated, but fighting continued.
Rebel forces under Gen Khalifa Haftar have advanced from the east with the aim of taking Tripoli, the BBC reported. Indian Peacekeepers Pulled Out of Tripoli As Libya Roiled by Factional Violence.
Prime Minister Fayez al-Serraj has accused him of attempting a coup and says rebels will be met with force. Among the dead was a Red Crescent doctor killed on Saturday. Gen Haftar's forces said they had lost 14 fighters.
International powers have begun evacuating personnel from Libya amid the worsening security situation. Libya has been torn by violence and political instability since long-time ruler Muammar Gaddafi was deposed and killed in 2011.


The mystery surrounding the killing of four girls and two men from Kohistan took another turn on Friday after rights activist Farzana Bari claimed that the girls, who were declared alive during the Supreme Court suo motu hearing, were dead.
Bari, who also heads the Gender Studies department at Quaid-i-Azam University, was included in the fact finding mission dispatched to Kohistan by the Supreme Court to inquire about the wellbeing of the girls, after allegations emerged that the four girls were murdered after their video of clapping during a marriage ceremony went viral.
The witness statement by Bari comes after the Supreme Court on September 27 sent a notice to the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) government and Kohistan DPO to again investigate the issue.
In her earlier statements, Bari claimed, she had expressed serious doubts that the two girls produced before the commission were not the girls who had appeared in the said video. Bari noted that her views were contrary to the other members' views on the issue.
Bari said she had appended a dissenting note at that time, demanding involvement of Nadra officials in the case for positive identification of the girls to ensure that the girls produced before the commission were the same girls who appeared in the video.
The case was closed by the then chief justice as it was established the girls were alive.
"Photos of the girls taken during the commission session were given to a Reuters' journalist, Katharine Houreld, who got the matching done through a renowned independent British agency 'Digital Barriers'. It was found in the said report that the photos of the girls, who were made to appear before the commission, did not match the images of the girls appearing in the said video," Bari stated in her witness statement.
Bari also referred to the two press conferences of local leaders in which they had admitted that the girls had been killed.
Former MPA Maulana Dildar, who was nominated by the KP government to assist the commission, also testified in his press conference that the four girls were murdered and that the commission had been misguided, she said.
The rights activist alleged that the local administration including the police had formed some kind of unholy alliance with the elected representatives of the Awami National Party (ANP) to bury the whole issue.
She demanded reproduction of the girls in front of the Supreme Court and formation of an independent investigation team to inquire the issue and alleged negligence of the authorities.
The court had taken a suo motu notice on the issue in 2012 since reports came up that clerics had allegedly issued orders for the killing of four women and two men after a mobile phone video emerged of the six singing and dancing at a wedding in a remote village in Kohistan.
"... some kind of unholy alliance with the elected representatives of the Awami National Party (ANP) ..." It was not the only 'unholy' alliance during the ANP Govt. There were hundreds of different types of such 'unholy' alliances then.
I couldn't understand the very reason of killing girls for clapping at a wedding party. Don't these people have hearts and minds?
What a shame! Police, local administration, elected representatives, all colluding with the killers in the name of shameless honor in killing young girls enjoying a marriage marrymaking.
what is the point raising this issue now???
@Ijaz Because SC has asked to reinvestigate.
There are uncivilized animals in our society, and we are afraid of them. We are so weak we cannot tell the truth. Shame on us.
Apparently someone with power was behind these murders. Criminals must be brought to justice.
Keep it up Farzana Bari,the mindset of feudals,the elite politicians, always supressing the women rights,they disrespect the females, beating violently ,or killing is no big deal for them. Whenever they called by law,they use the excuse & guard of "Honour killing".A killing is a crime everywhere,and should be same in Pakistan. Honour should be in saving someone's life,helping, and not brutally killings.
Apprehend the the people who ordered the killing and those who did it.
They don't have hearts , minds or a religion. They do have masters who want to destabilize and demoralize Pakistan, defame Islam and debase our Army. They are people like TTP who operate from Afghanistan.
More specifically, the power of money.
@Ijaz This is about life of 6 people ( 4 girls and 2 boys) and you consider it just an issue.
@Ijaz thats what i want to know! conspiracy, vendetta, length?
@Ijaz are you serious? So should the killers be roaming around free? There is no Honor in Killing Brother.
It is appalling that such kind of criminals who carry out henios crimes in the name of honor goes unpunished. It's time for the law enforcement agencies to act and put these wretched individuals behind bars.
@Ijaz --How heartless of you to utter such callous words!
Only Pakistan Army can standup to these cannibals and they are already doing a good job of it. Stand behind Pak Army if you are really against terrorism.
If human rights activists like Mrs Bari don't get vocal more killings will occur because then perpetrators will think they are beyond the reach of government control. Perpetrators will get liberty and they will be doing heinous crimes in a brutal manner. It needs strong encounter by the civil society.
In the culture of these people, females can not celebrate any happy event.


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He called a little child and set him in their midst, and said, "Unless you change, and become like little children, there is no way for you to enter the kingdom of heaven.
Whoever humbles himself like this little child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven. And whoever receives one such little child in my name, receives me. But whoever leads astray one of these little ones who believe on me, he would be better off if a huge stone were hung on his neck and he were sunk in the sea."
Christ takes the opportunity to make three statements, using a child as the center of his teaching. First, he states that we must become like little children to enter the kingdom of heaven in the first place. Our personal faith is to be simple and direct, with total trust and humility. He had previously said that "many who are last, will be first", meaning people who occupy a low status in society will be found high in righteousness. Here, he extends that lesson to our pride and self-importance. Our vanity and self-importance, faults we all have, must be discarded. To find God, we must find humility.
He then answers the question asked ("Who is greatest in the kingdom of heaven"): The person who humbles himself the most. This always gives me great pause. It isn't the person with the most clever interpretation of the Bible, or the person who prevails in an argument about church politics, or the person with the most angry or trenchant criticism of modern-day evils. It is the person with the most humility. God is not impressed by our worldly successes. What he wants is a simple, true faith.
Finally, Christ turns his attention away from using the child as a metaphor, and has something to say about actual children. He condemns people who lead children astray and blesses those who "receive" them. A person who leads a child away from his belief in God, and into sin, would be better off in the middle of the ocean with a millstone tied to his neck.
Language note: "Receive" is an old-fashioned word, not really used much in modern English except in very formal or special contexts. Mostly, it is now used in the noun form, "reception", like a wedding reception, a reception after a performance or ceremony, etc. It mean to welcome and interact personally with someone, to treat them like an important human being, especially when there is some reason we might not do so: We are the center of attention in a large group or in public, we have very high social status, we are at home or in some other personal space, etc.


text:
Q: How do I restart my C# WinForm Application? Developing a C# .NET 2.0 WinForm Application.  Need the application to close and restart itself.
Application.Restart();

The above method has proven to be unreliable.
What is a better way to restart the application?

A: Start/Exit Method
// Get the parameters/arguments passed to program if any
string arguments = string.Empty;
string[] args = Environment.GetCommandLineArgs();
for (int i = 1; i < args.Length; i++) // args[0] is always exe path/filename
    arguments += args[i] + " ";

// Restart current application, with same arguments/parameters
Application.Exit();
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(Application.ExecutablePath, arguments);

This seems to work better than Application.Restart();
Not sure how this handles if your program protects against multiple instance. My guess is you would be better off launching a second .exe which pauses and then starts your main application for you.

A: It's simple, you just need to call the Application.Restart() method, this will invoke your application to be restarted. You must also exit from the local environment with an error code:
Application.Restart();
Environment.Exit(int errorcode);

You can create an enumeration of error codes so that you application will exit efficeintly.
Another method is to just exit from the application and start the process using the executable path:
Application.Exit();
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(Application.ExecutablePath);

A: If you are in main app form try to  use
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start( Application.ExecutablePath); // to start new instance of application
this.Close(); //to turn off current app

A: Unfortunately you can't use Process.Start() to start an instance of the currently running process.   According to the Process.Start() docs:
"If the process is already running, no additional process resource is started..."
This technique will work fine under the VS debugger (because VS does some kind of magic that causes Process.Start to think the process is not already running), but will fail when not run under the debugger.  (Note that this may be OS-specific - I seem to remember that in some of my testing, it worked on either XP or Vista, but I may just be remembering running it under the debugger.)
This technique is exactly the one used by the last programmer on the project on which I'm currently working, and I've been trying to find a workaround for this for quite some time.  So far, I've only found one solution, and it just feels dirty and kludgy to me: start a 2nd application, that waits in the background for the first application to terminate, then re-launches the 1st application.   I'm sure it would work, but, yuck.
Edit: Using a 2nd application works.  All I did in the second app was:
    static void RestartApp(int pid, string applicationName )
    {
        // Wait for the process to terminate
        Process process = null;
        try
        {
            process = Process.GetProcessById(pid);
            process.WaitForExit(1000);
        }
        catch (ArgumentException ex)
        {
            // ArgumentException to indicate that the
            // process doesn't exist?   LAME!!
        }
        Process.Start(applicationName, "");
    }

(This is a very simplified example.  The real code has lots of sanity checking, error handling, etc)

A: Try this code:
bool appNotRestarted = true;

This code must also be in the function:
if (appNotRestarted == true) {
    appNotRestarted = false;
    Application.Restart();
    Application.ExitThread();
}

A: I figured an another solution out, perhaps anyone can use it, too.
string batchContent = "/c \"@ECHO OFF & timeout /t 6 > nul & start \"\" \"$[APPPATH]$\" & exit\"";
batchContent = batchContent.Replace("$[APPPATH]$", Application.ExecutablePath);
Process.Start("cmd", batchContent);
Application.Exit();

Code is simplified so take care of Exceptions and stuff ;)

A: I fear that restarting the entire application using Process is approaching your problem in the wrong way.
An easier way is to modify the Program.cs file to restart:
    static bool restart = true; // A variable that is accessible from program
    static int restartCount = 0; // Count the number of restarts
    static int maxRestarts = 3;  // Maximum restarts before quitting the program

    /// <summary>
    /// The main entry point for the application.
    /// </summary>
    [STAThread]
    static void Main()
    {
        Application.EnableVisualStyles();
        Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);

        while (restart && restartCount < maxRestarts)
        {
           restart = false; // if you like.. the program can set it to true again
           restartCount++;  // mark another restart,
                            // if you want to limit the number of restarts
                            // this is useful if your program is crashing on
                            // startup and cannot close normally as it will avoid
                            // a potential infinite loop

           try {
              Application.Run(new YourMainForm());
           }
           catch {  // Application has crashed
              restart = true;
           }
        }
    }

A: You are forgetting the command-line options/parameters that were passed in to your currently running instance.  If you don't pass those in, you are not doing a real restart. Set the Process.StartInfo with a clone of your process' parameters, then do a start.
For example, if your process was started as myexe -f -nosplash myfile.txt, your method would only execute myexe without all those flags and parameters.

A: You could also use Restarter.

Restarter is an application that automatically monitor and restarts crashed or hung programs and applications. It was originally developed to monitor and restart game servers, but it will do the job for any console or form based program or application

A: I wanted the new application start up after the old one shuts down.
Using process.WaitForExit() to wait for your own process to shutdown makes no sense. It will always time out.
So, my approach is to use Application.Exit() then wait, but allow events to be processed, for a period of time. Then start a new application with the same arguments as the old.
static void restartApp() {
    string commandLineArgs = getCommandLineArgs();
    string exePath = Application.ExecutablePath;
    try {
        Application.Exit();
        wait_allowingEvents( 1000 );
    } catch( ArgumentException ex ) {
        throw;
    }
    Process.Start( exePath, commandLineArgs );
}

static string getCommandLineArgs() {
    Queue<string> args = new Queue<string>( Environment.GetCommandLineArgs() );
    args.Dequeue(); // args[0] is always exe path/filename
    return string.Join( " ", args.ToArray() );
}

static void wait_allowingEvents( int durationMS ) {
    DateTime start = DateTime.Now;
    do {
        Application.DoEvents();
    } while( start.Subtract( DateTime.Now ).TotalMilliseconds > durationMS );
}

A: public static void appReloader()
    {
        //Start a new instance of the current program
        Process.Start(Application.ExecutablePath);

        //close the current application process
        Process.GetCurrentProcess().Kill();
    }

Application.ExecutablePath returns your aplication .exe file path
Please follow the order of calls. You might want to place it in a try-catch clause.

A: The problem of using Application.Restart() is, that it starts a new process but the "old" one is still remaining. Therefor I decided to Kill the old process by using the following code snippet:
            if(Condition){
            Application.Restart();
            Process.GetCurrentProcess().Kill();
            }

And it works proper good. In my case MATLAB and a C# Application are sharing the same SQLite database. If MATLAB is using the database, the Form-App should restart (+Countdown) again, until MATLAB reset its busy bit in the database. (Just for side information)

A: I might be late to the party but here is my simple solution and it works like a charm with every application I have:
        try
        {
            //run the program again and close this one
            Process.Start(Application.StartupPath + "\\blabla.exe");
            //or you can use Application.ExecutablePath

            //close this one
            Process.GetCurrentProcess().Kill();
        }
        catch
        { }

A: I had the same exact problem and I too had a requirement to prevent duplicate instances - I propose an alternative solution to the one HiredMind is proposing (which will work fine).
What I am doing is starting the new process with the processId of the old process (the one that triggers the restart) as a cmd line argument:
// Shut down the current app instance.
Application.Exit();

// Restart the app passing "/restart [processId]" as cmd line args
Process.Start(Application.ExecutablePath, "/restart" + Process.GetCurrentProcess().Id);

Then when the new app starts I first parse the cm line args and check if the restart flag is there with a processId, then wait for that process to Exit:
if (_isRestart)
{
   try
   {
      // get old process and wait UP TO 5 secs then give up!
      Process oldProcess = Process.GetProcessById(_restartProcessId);
      oldProcess.WaitForExit(5000);
   }
   catch (Exception ex)
   {
      // the process did not exist - probably already closed!
      //TODO: --> LOG
   }
}

I am obviously not showing all the safety checks that I have in place etc.
Even if not ideal - I find this a valid alternative so that you don't have to have in place a separate app just to handle restart.

A: A much simpler approach that worked for me is:
Application.Restart();
Environment.Exit(0);

This preserves the command-line arguments and works despite event handlers that would normally prevent the application from closing.
The Restart() call tries to exit, starts a new instance anyway and returns. The Exit() call then terminates the process without giving any event handlers a chance to run. There is a very brief period in which both processes are running, which is not a problem in my case, but maybe in other cases.
The exit code 0 in Environment.Exit(0); specifies a clean shutdown. You can also exit with 1 to specify an error occurred.

A: How about create a bat file, run the batch file before closing, and then close the current instance.
The batch file does this:

*

*wait in a loop to check whether the process has exited.

*start the process.

A: Here's my 2 cents:
The sequence Start New Instance->Close Current Instance should work even for the applications that don't allow running multiple copies simultaneously as in this case the new instance may be passed a command-line argument which will indicate that there is a restart in progress so checking for other instances running will not be necessary. Waiting for the first instance to actually finish my be implemented too if it's absolutely imperative that no two intstances are running in parallel.

A: Application.Restart();
Environment.Exit(0);

A: I had a similar problem, but mine was related to unmanageable memory leak that I couldn't find on an app that has to run 24/7.  With the customer I agreed that safe time to restart the app was 03:00AM if the memory consumption was over the defined value.
I tried Application.Restart, but since it seems to use some mechanism that starts new instance while it is already running, I went for another scheme.  I used the trick that file system handles persist until process that created them dies.  So, from The Application, i dropped the file to the disk, and didn't Dispose() the handle.  I used the file to send 'myself' executable and starting directory also (to add flexibility).
Code:
_restartInProgress = true;
string dropFilename = Path.Combine(Application.StartupPath, "restart.dat");
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(new FileStream(dropFilename, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.ReadWrite));
sw.WriteLine(Application.ExecutablePath);
sw.WriteLine(Application.StartupPath);
sw.Flush();
Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo
{
    FileName = Path.Combine(Application.StartupPath, "VideoPhill.Restarter.exe"),
    WorkingDirectory = Application.StartupPath,
    Arguments = string.Format("\"{0}\"", dropFilename)
});
Close();

Close() at the end would initiate app shutdown, and file handle I used for StreamWriter here would be held open until process really dies.  Then...
Restarter.exe comes into action.  It TRIES to read the file in exclusive mode, preventing it to gain access until main app wasn't dead, then starts main app, deletes the file and exists.  I guess that it can't be simpler:
static void Main(string[] args)
{
    string filename = args[0];
    DateTime start = DateTime.Now;
    bool done = false;
    while ((DateTime.Now - start).TotalSeconds < 30 && !done)
    {
        try
        {
            StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(new FileStream(filename, FileMode.Open, FileAccess.ReadWrite, FileShare.ReadWrite));
            string[] runData = new string[2];
            runData[0] = sr.ReadLine();
            runData[1] = sr.ReadLine();
            Thread.Sleep(1000);
            Process.Start(new ProcessStartInfo { FileName = runData[0], WorkingDirectory = runData[1] });
            sr.Dispose();
            File.Delete(filename);
            done = true;
        }
        catch (Exception ex)
        {
            Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
        }
        Thread.Sleep(1000);
    }
}

A: I use the following and it does exactly what you are looking for:
ApplicationDeployment ad = ApplicationDeployment.CurrentDeployment;
UpdateCheckInfo info = null;
info = ad.CheckForDetailedUpdate();
if (info.IsUpdateRequired)
{
    ad.UpdateAsync(); // I like the update dialog
    MessageBox.Show("Application was upgraded and will now restart.");
    Environment.Exit(0);
}

A: for using As logout you need to terminate all app from Ram Cache
so close The Application first and then Rerun it
//on clicking Logout Button
foreach(Form frm in Application.OpenForms.Cast<Form>().ToList())
        {
            frm.Close();
        }
System.Diagnostics.Process.Start(Application.ExecutablePath);

A: You could enclose your code inside a function and when restart is needed you can just call the function.

A: Take for instance an application that:

*

*While application is not registered; (upon start) the application should prompt the user to register the application and create a login account.

*Once registration is submitted and login credentials are created; the application should restart, check for registration and prompt the user to login with the inserted credentials (so the user can access to all the application features).
Problem:
By building and launching the application from Visual Studio; any of the 4 alternatives bellow will fail to accomplish the tasks required.
/*
 * Note(s):
 * Take into consideration that the lines bellow don't represent a code block.
 * They are just a representation of possibilities,
 * that can be used to restart the application.
 */

Application.Restart();
Application.Exit();
Environment.Exit(int errorCode);
Process.GetCurrentProcess().Kill();

What happens is: After creating the Registration, Login and calling Application.Restart(); the application will (strangely) reopen the Registration Form and skip data in a Database (even though the resource is set to "Copy if Newer").
Solution:
Batch Building the application was (for me) a proof that any of the lines above were actually working as expected.
Just not when building and running the application with Visual Studio.
In first place I'd try batch building the application; run it outside Visual Studio and check if Application.Restart() actually works as expected.
Also Check further Info regarding this thread subject:
How do I restart my C# WinForm Application?

A: I've found a new way that's pretty convenient and has quite a few upsides.

*

*There's never more than one instance running.

*Command line args are persisted.

*No exit events are raised from the application.

*No process handles are broken.

I had a third party application managing my application with Process.Start and using Exit event to reload the application. Many of these solutions would break this implementation which is how I ended up on the following solution.
public static CancellationTokenSource _restartTokenSource;
/// <summary>
///  The main entry point for the application.
/// </summary>
[STAThread]
static void Main(string[] args)
{
    // To customize application configuration such as set high DPI settings or default font,
    // see https://aka.ms/applicationconfiguration.
    ApplicationConfiguration.Initialize();

    while (_restartTokenSource == null || _restartTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested)
    {
        _restartTokenSource = new System.Threading.CancellationTokenSource();
        _restartTokenSource.Token.Register(() =>
        {
            foreach (Form form in Application.OpenForms)
                form.Close();
        });

        Application.Run(new FlashMain(args));
    }
}

Since Application.Run blocks until all forms in the application are closed I put this portion of the initialization into a loop that only executes when a CancellationTokenSource is null (the first run) or IsCancellationRequested is true (restart requested).
I register an event on the CancellationTokenSource that closes all forms in the application when .Cancel() is called, therefore unblocking Application.Run and restarting the loop.
Call Program._restartTokenSource.Cancel(); anywhere in the application to restart it.
P.S. This also works great for injecting into a BlazorWebView to restart the application from .NET Core.

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text:
Sean Tennant and Molly Winter are living quietly and cautiously in Houston when a troubled, obsessive stranger shatters the safety they have carefully constructed for themselves. Sean is at a shopping mall when Henry Alan Keen, scorned by a woman he's been dating, pulls out a gun at the store where she works and begins shooting everyone in sight. A former soldier, Sean rushes toward Keen and ends the slaughter with two well-placed shots — becoming a hero with his face plastered across the news.
But Sean's newfound notoriety exposes him to the wrath of two men he thought he had left safely in his past. One of them blames Sean for his brother's death. The other wants to recover a treasure that Sean and Molly stole from him. Both men are deadly and relentless enemies, and Sean and Molly will need to draw on all their strength and devotion to each other if they hope to elude them. Thus begins a cross-country chase that leads from Texas to Montana, from Tennessee to New York to Michigan, as the hunters and their prey grow ever closer and, in a heart-stopping moment, converge.
A wickedly clever and exhilarating thriller, The Good Killer offers a sophisticated, breathtaking look at the extremes people will reach for love, greed, and survival.
Publication date: February 4, 2020
Amazon | Barnes & Noble | IndieBound | iBooks | Books-A-Million
> Read an excerpt
Reviews of THE GOOD KILLER
> The Wall Street Journal (January 31, 2020):
"Houston resident Sean Tennant, the title character in Harry Dolan's slick and twisty THE GOOD KILLER, grew up in Detroit as Sean Garrety. His life partner, Molly Winter, was once known as Molly Bowen. The two have fled their old home and established new identities. They've set rules for themselves to ensure their mutual safety: 'They've left the people they used to know behind. They don't see them or talk to them, ever.' And they 'stay clear of where they used to live. The state of Michigan is off-limits.'
"All rules get broken in the wake of Sean's quick action one afternoon at a Houston shopping mall. An ex-soldier who served in Iraq, Sean sometimes carries a pistol; when a disturbed citizen, also armed, begins killing people, he springs into action—shooting the assailant dead and aiding the surviving injured. He then leaves the scene without identifying himself—but cellphone photos of the anonymous hero are instantly all over the internet. Sean and Molly must flee once again.
"What caused the pair to assume new identities and move to a different state to begin with? The answers are revealed through well-timed flashbacks within a propulsive narrative. The couple at the center of the story, for all the perils they face, are always good company, both likable and resourceful. . . .
"Mr. Dolan's great gifts for storytelling, well displayed in his four previous books, are in even fuller evidence in THE GOOD KILLER, a story somewhat larger in scope, thus allowing for yet more tension, suspense and surprising resolutions."
-- Tom Nolan
> Associated Press (February 4, 2020):
"Living off the grid may sound inviting - keep your head down, don't get friendly with strangers, avoid social media and never allow yourself to stand out in public. Sometimes that sounds inviting, especially when daily life and social media become overwhelming.
"But the reality is that one false move can put you right back in the thick of life as author Harry Dolan shows in his highly gratifying THE GOOD KILLER.
"Iraq vet Sean Tennant and Molly Winter have been happily living an anonymous life in a Houston suburb, following a specific set of rules to keep them incognito. Then Molly travels to Montana for a yoga retreat and Sean goes to the mall to buy shoes the same day that unstable Henry Keen, angry over being rejected by a woman, begins shooting people. Sean's training kicks in and he shoots Henry, saving countless lives.
"Sean, 'the good guy with a gun,' tries to slip away unnoticed but his actions were captured by many cellphones. His actions make national news and he's hailed a hero, attracting attention he cannot afford. . . .
"In just five novels, Dolan has garnered a reputation for intelligent plots that gently weave in action with his well-sculpted characters' believable motives and a soupcon of humor.
"THE GOOD KILLER expertly delves into each character's psyche, showing the humanity in each. . . . An especially heartfelt — and unexpected — finale elevates THE GOOD KILLER."
-- Oline Cogdill
> The Daily Mail (February 6, 2020):
"It is not exactly common to describe thrillers as fun and entertaining, but it's fair to say this one most certainly is.
"Former soldier Sean Tennant is living quietly in Houston, Texas, with his girlfriend Molly, when his life is thrown into chaos. A troubled loner goes on a shooting spree in a shopping mall. Tennant is there and ends the slaughter with two deadly shots, becoming a hero with his name all over the news.
"The trouble is this brings him to the attention of two men he thought he'd left in his past, and he and Molly are forced to flee.
"So begins a Bonnie and Clyde-style chase across the U.S., from Montana to Tennessee, New York to Michigan, with the pair only just ahead of their psychopathic pursuers.
"Written in Dolan's characteristically sophisticated prose, the action never stops, and the longer the chase goes on the more you sympathise with Sean and Molly."
-- Geoffrey Wansell
> Publishers Weekly (December 2019):
"When Iraq vet Sean Tennant, the hero of this satisfying crime novel from Dolan (The Man in the Crooked Hat), stops a shooting spree in a Houston mall by fatally shooting unstable Henry Keen, he draws unwanted attention to himself. Sean is actually Sean Garrety, and he and his wife, Molly Winter, have been in hiding from small-time crook Jimmy Harper, whose brother died while committing a robbery with Sean, and from Adam Khadduri, the dodgy art dealer they robbed. Sean speeds to rural Montana to join Molly, who's lying low at a retreat, and the couple flee across the country, with Jimmy and Adam's men in hot pursuit. Despite the many players, Dolan gives each of them their own believable motivations and emotions. The action concludes, not with a shoot-out, but with one of Keen's victims as she deals with the aftermath of the tragedy, providing a calm coda after the relentless chase. Both action junkies and readers who like their thrillers on the cerebral side will find something to enjoy."
> BookPage (February 2020):
"If you're up for a first-rate page turner, look no further than Harry Dolan's The Good Killer (Mysterious Press). Iraq vet Sean and his partner, Molly, have been living under the radar for years, harboring a virtually priceless secret and trying to remain invisible to a pair of dangerous enemies. Then, by sheer unfortunate happenstance, Sean uses his military training to take down a spree killer in a Houston mall. Sean makes a fairly clean getaway, but his face and license plate number are captured by mall security cams, and he becomes something of a reluctant celebrity. Meanwhile, Molly is attending a yoga seminar in Montana, where she is required to surrender her cell phone and renounce all contact with the outside world. Sean has no choice but to drive there and collect her before anyone else can. He heads north in an aging Camry with a faulty alternator, woefully under-armored vis-à-vis the opposing teams. The rest of the book is basically one long and harrowing chase scene, right up to the explosive climax. Block out sufficient time to read The Good Killer in one sitting. It'll be hard to stop once you get started."
-- Bruce Tierney
> Bookreporter (February 7, 2020):
"It is only February, but there have been some excellent books published so far this year. Chief among them is THE GOOD KILLER by Harry Dolan. You should file him at the top of your reading list under 'Should be a household name.' I say that based not only on the strength of this new novel, which is perfect in every way, but also on the previous four that Dolan has written. . . .
"Once you start reading THE GOOD KILLER, there is no good place to stop, other than the end. Comparisons of Dolan's novels to the work of Elmore Leonard are inevitable and not entirely inaccurate, but ultimately are unfair to both authors. Pick up the book, give yourself a few hours to read it, and then carve out a block of time to check out Dolan's impressive backlist on its own terms. You'll see what I mean."
-- Joe Hartlaub
> Lansing City Pulse (February 13, 2020):
"Dolan's writing is superb. . . . In his latest book, THE GOOD KILLER, he's crossed over from a sublime, often-ethereal mystery writer to a well-honed thriller writer."
> CriminalElement.com (February 26, 2020):
"Pick up Harry Dolan's The Good Killer and strap in for a wild and satisfying ride."
-- Ray Palen
> PromotingCrime (April 2020):
"A whirlwind game of cat and mouse. . . . The dialogue is easy on the ear, the prose is original and never falters to capture the essence of the helter-skelter, and the ending is satisfyingly and ably wrapped up. Highly recommended."
-- Serena Fairfax
> BookBitch.com (February 2020):
"The pace of the novel keeps the reader glued to the book with every incentive to finish it in one splendid read. And a very good read it is, supplying every reason to pick up Harry Dolan's future books."
-- Paul Lane
> Florida Times-Union (November 29, 2020):
"Dolan, who has been compared to Elmore Leonard, brings the reader into his adventure by alternately telling the story from each character's viewpoint. Fast-paced and readable with loads of geographic detail, the chase will have you hanging on until the very end."
-- C. F. Foster
> Click here to read the opening chapters of THE GOOD KILLER
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