text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

Nowadays the usage of deep neural networks hidden Markov models (DNN-HMMs) \cite{hinton2012,mohamed2012}  provides effective performance in speech recognition: there are
concrete applications ranging from mobile voice search \cite{yao2013}, transcriptions of broadcast news, videos \cite{dahl2012} or conversations  \cite{telseide2011} to recognition in noisy environments \cite{seltzer2013,barker2015,renals2014}.

The availability of large training corpora for a given application domain allows to train a DNN with many layers and parameters in order to improve the classification performance. On the contrary, in the absence of sufficient data for training, e.g.\ in the case of under-resourced languages, the number of DNNs parameters that can be reliably estimated greatly reduces and, consequently, classification performance is not always satisfactory. Recognition of children's speech is a kind of application domain often characterized by training data shortage, even for major languages.

As alternative to complete training of DNN parameters, starting by scratch, adaptation of  an existing DNN by using the available small data set is a viable approach. This has been investigated in \cite{Matassoni_SLT16,serizel2016}, where an initial DNN trained on adult speakers is then adapted using limited set of children's data.

Another approach, to address the lack of training data is represented by {\em multi-task learning}. This approach has been demonstrated effective for multi-lingual speech recognition, especially if the size of training data for each language is small \cite{miao2013,povey2014,huang2013,ghoshal2013,tang2016}. The reason of this is due to the fact that the shared hidden layers of the DNN used to estimate the emission probabilities of HMM states in a hybrid Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system \cite{hinton2012},  are language independent  if the DNN itself is trained on multi-lingual data. This DNN can be used to initialize a new one which can be  trained only with data of the target language to recognize. When the size of training data is small only a subset of the connection weights, usually those of the output layer,  are re-estimated.  This training procedure is often called {\em transfer learning}, to indicate the fact that an initial  set of learned parameters is transferred to the final acoustic model used by the ASR system.

In this work we address the problem of automatic speech recognition of children speaking a non-native language, specifically: ({\em a}) Italian students, speaking both English and German, and ({\em b}) German students speaking English.

It is known that non-native speakers articulate sounds very differently from native ones, because they try to use the phonology of their mother language, giving rise to two types of errors \cite{russell2007}: {\em mispronunciation}, when they aim to pronounce a wrong target, and {\em phonological interference} since they use their original set of phones. In the past several approaches have been proposed to take into account  the pronunciation errors of non-native speakers \cite{bouselmi2005,bouselmi2006}, spanning from the usage of non-native pronunciation lexicon \cite{Wang2003a,Wang2003b,Oh2006,strik2009,Steidl2004} to acoustic model adaptation using either  native data and non native data \cite{duan2017,li2016,lee2015,das2015}.

As previously mentioned, we use transfer learning to adapt the multi-lingual DNN trained on native data from Italian, German and English children. Basically, only the weights of the output layer of the network are updated, through back propagation, using data from non-native speakers of a given language while the weights of the lower layers are frozen and remain unchanged during adaptation.
In addition, we propose to use multi-lingual data even in the adaptation phase, that is to update the weights of the output layer of the original DNN with all available  non-native data.

The novelties of this work are:
\begin{itemize}
\item
the application of both multi-task learning and transfer learning to the recognition of voices of children speaking in a foreign language;
\item
the usage of (non-native) multi-lingual data for updating the weights of the original transferred DNN.
\end{itemize}

Experimental results reported in the paper show that: {\em (a)} the usage of the multi-lingual DNN gives performance, on native data, which are similar to those achieved with mono-lingual networks, i.e.\ trained only with data from a single language; {\em (b)} the usage of the multi-lingual DNN provides performance on non-native data significantly better than those obtained with mono-lingual DNNs; {\em (c)} the usage of multi-lingual data in the adaptation process further increases the performance on non-native data.

This paper is organized as follows: Section~\ref{sec:speechdatabases} describes the experimental data used for testing the approaches proposed in this work, Section~\ref{sec:ASR} gives details of acoustic models, language models and IPA based lexicon used in the multi-lingual ASR system employed  in this work;  section~\ref{sec:expe} reports experiments and related results. Finally, Section~\ref{sec:concl} concludes the paper, presenting directions for future work.

\section{SPEECH DATA}
\label{sec:speechdatabases}

In this work we exploited speech data collected within the European funded project PF-Star (2002-2004). During the PF-Star project, noticeable amount of speech data were collected from
English, German, Italian and Swedish children~\cite{batliner2005}; for one of the Italian corpora see also ~\cite{gerosa2007}. For the purposes of this work, children's speech pronounced by English, German and Italian students in the three languages were considered, as shown in Table~\ref{tab:corpora1}.
As already mentioned, data from native speakers were used to train Acoustic Models (AMs), while test was carried out on both native and non-native data sets; all the children are in the age range 9-10. In addition, a non-native adaptation set was used in transfer learning and, finally, performance, measured in terms of Word Error Rate (WER), was computed on both native and non-native evaluation data sets.

\begin{table}[bht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lccc}  \hline
speakers $\backslash$ language & Italian      & German       & English      \\ \hline
 Italian           & train + eval & ada + eval   & ada + eval   \\
 German            & --           & train + eval & ada + eval   \\
 English           & --           & --           & train + eval \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Native and non-native children's speech corpora used in the paper.}
\label{tab:corpora1}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[bht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{rlcccc}      \hline
\multicolumn{2}{c}{number of}  & language & total     &  running & lexicon \\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{speakers}   & spoken   & duration  &  words   & size    \\ \hline
\multicolumn{6}{c}{mono-lingual native training corpora} \\
115&Italian & Italian  & 07:15:53  &  49233   & 9519   \\
168&German  & German   & 07:45:31  &  49326   & 7451   \\
 70&English & English  & 06:04:49  &  26873   & 1267   \\ \hline
 \multicolumn{6}{c}{mono-lingual native eval corpora} \\
 42&Italian & Italian  & 02:37:07 & 17936    & 5042    \\
 11&German  & German   & 01:21:18 &  7859    & 1948    \\
 30&English & English  & 01:40:38 &  9224    & 1036    \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Details for mono-lingual, native, training and eval corpora.}
\label{tab:corporatraineval}
\end{center}
\end{table}

Table~\ref{tab:corporatraineval} reports details about the mono-lingual training and eval data - in all cases, native children's speech - in terms of number of speakers, duration, number of running words and lexicon size.
Table~\ref{tab:corporadeveval} presents some statistics about the non-native speech data. In particular, Italian children produced both English and German speech, while German children produced English speech. In all cases, the speech data was split into {\em ada} (used to perform transfer learning) and {\em eval} data (for evaluation purposes only). Overlapping among training, ada and eval speakers never occurs.

\begin{table}[bht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{rlcccc}      \hline
\multicolumn{2}{c}{number of}  & language & total     &  running & lexicon \\
\multicolumn{2}{c}{speakers}   & spoken   & duration  &  words   & size    \\ \hline
\multicolumn{5}{c}{non-native ada corpora}					\\
  9 &Italian & German  & 00:29:54  &  2575    &  438    \\
 21 &Italian & English & 00:58:24  &  2753    &  390    \\
 42 &German  & English & 00:30:19  &  3081    &  597    \\ \hline
\multicolumn{5}{c}{non-native eval corpora}					\\
 13 &Italian & German  & 00:46:14  &  3769    &  474    \\
 27 &Italian & English & 01:16:29  &  3632    &  444    \\
 52 &German  & English & 00:43:14  &  4440    &  630    \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Details for non-native ada and eval corpora.}
\label{tab:corporadeveval}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\COMMENT{
\begin{table}[bht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{cccc} \hline
source/target language	&  Italian & German & English   \\ \hline
\multicolumn{4}{c}{test}					\\ \hline
Italian 				&  157  	& 46 	& 76 \\
German  				&  -   		& 81	& 43  \\
English 				&  -  		& -	    & 100 \\ \hline
\multicolumn{4}{c}{ada}	 \\ \hline
Italian 				&  -  		& 29 	& 57 \\
German  				&  -   		& -		&  30 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\label{tab:setssize}
\caption{Size (in minutes) of datasets considered in the experiments.}
\end{center}
\end{table}
}

\section{ASR system}
\label{sec:ASR}

As mentioned in the Introduction a multi-lingual DNN was first trained on data of native speakers.

\subsection{Multi-lingual DNN}

The ASR system is based on the KALDI open source software toolkit \cite{Povey_ASRU2011}.
The baseline acoustic model is build following the Karel's DNN recipe~\cite{karel2011}: the preliminary HMM is trained on the usual 13 mel-frequency cepstral coefficients  (MFCCs), which are then mean/variance normalized; fMLLR-transformed coefficients are then estimated and used as input features for the DNN. The learning procedure features layer-wise pre-training based on Restricted Boltzmann Machines, per-frame cross-entropy training and sequence-discriminative training (lattice framework and State Minimum Bayes Risk criterion).
Besides the mono-lingual DNNs trained on native German, Italian, English speech, a multi-lingual model is derived from a shared lexicon (see Section \ref{subsec:lexicon} for details): Table~\ref{tab:multimodels} Table 4 reports the number of phonetic units used by the mono-lingual lexica as well as by the multi-lingual lexicon; it also reports the size of the output layer of the DNNs trained.for mono-lingual and multi-lingual speech recognition.

\begin{table}[bht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{llccc}
    \hline
  		&  units & dnn output   \\ \hline
Italian &   28   & 1679 \\
German  &   45   & 1592 \\
English &   43   & 1526 \\ \hline
multi 	& 	67	 & 1632 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Number of phonetic units and size of the output layer of the DNNs trained for mono- and multi-lingual DNNs.}
\label{tab:multimodels}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\subsection{Language Models}

Since the focus of this paper is on acoustic modeling, we did not cope with  Out-Of-Vocabulary (OOV) words issues, that would have
complicated the analysis of results.  Also, in order to avoid to use different LMs for native and non-native corpora, we decided to build only a single LM for each language.
For this reason, the lexicon of each language has to contain at least all of the words included in the native eval, non-native ada and eval sets.
Given that the lexicon size is quite high (1289 to 5042 words), we
decided to use a bigram LM, with Witten-Bell smoothing, that assures a
reasonable perplexity over the ada + eval data, as reported in
Table~\ref{tab:lmdata}.

\begin{table}[bht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lccccc}      \hline
language   & lexicon & running &  2-grams  &  PP  & OOV   \\
           & size    & words   &           &      &       \\ \hline
Italian    & 5042    & 17936   &  13854   & 38.2 & 0.0\% \\
German     & 2194    & 14203   &   6959   & 20.6 & 0.0\% \\
English    & 1289    & 23130   &   4983   & 25.0 & 0.0\% \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Text data used to build the three LMs.}
\label{tab:lmdata}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\subsection{Lexicon}
\label{subsec:lexicon}

Concerning the lexicon, we have at our disposal grapheme to phoneme
converter for the three languages, that were used in the past to build
mono-lingual ASR systems.  For this work, we decided to convert all the mono-lingual phones in IPA format, shown here as ASCII sequences.
Of course, some of the choices we did (for instance, we replaced geminate consonants with simple ones for the Italian lexicon) are questionable and some of them could be revised in the future.
Table~\ref{tab:phones} contains the list of all the 67 phones resulting from the merging of the three lexica.  Of these, 18 phones are common for all three languages, 13 are common to only 2 languages (9 de+en, 2 it+de, 2 it+en), and 36 are present in one language only (16 de, 14 en, 6 it).

\begin{table}[bht]
\begin{center}
\begin{footnotesize}
\begin{tabular}{|lccc|lccc|lccc|}      \hline
A"   &    & de &    &  OW   &    &    & en &  j    & it & de & en \\ \hline
AA   &    &    & en &  OY   &    & de & en &  k    & it & de & en \\ \hline
AE   &    &    & en &  O    &    & de & en &  l    & it & de & en \\ \hline
AH   &    &    & en &  R    &    & de &    &  m    & it & de & en \\ \hline
AI   &    & de & en &  S    & it & de & en &  n    & it & de & en \\ \hline
AU   &    & de & en &  TH   &    &    & en &  o:   &    & de &    \\ \hline
AX   &    &    & en &  U"   &    & de &    &  o    & it &    &    \\ \hline
C    &    & de &    &  UA   &    &    & en &  p    & it & de & en \\ \hline
DH   &    &    & en &  U    &    & de & en &  pf   &    & de &    \\ \hline
E@   &    & de &    &  Z    &    &    & en &  r    & it & de & en \\ \hline
EA   &    &    & en &  a:   &    & de &    &  s    & it & de & en \\ \hline
ER6  &    & de &    &  a    & it & de &    &  tS   & it & de & en \\ \hline
ER   &    &    & en &  b    & it & de & en &  t    & it & de & en \\ \hline
EY   &    &    & en &  dZ   & it & de & en &  ts   & it & de &    \\ \hline
E    &    & de & en &  d    & it & de & en &  u"   &    & de &    \\ \hline
IA   &    &    & en &  dz   & it &    &    &  u:   &    & de &    \\ \hline
I    &    & de & en &  e:   &    & de &    &  u    & it &    & en \\ \hline
J    & it &    &    &  e    & it &    &    &  v    & it & de & en \\ \hline
L    & it &    &    &  f    & it & de & en &  w    & it &    & en \\ \hline
NG   &    & de & en &  g    & it & de & en &  x    &    & de &    \\ \hline
O"2  &    & de &    &  h    &    & de & en &  z    & it & de & en \\ \hline
O"9  &    & de &    &  i:   &    & de &    &       &    &    &    \\ \hline
OH   &    &    & en &  i    & it &    &    &       &    &    &    \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{footnotesize}
\caption{List of IPA-like (expressed in ASCII characters) phones used for the three languages.}
\label{tab:phones}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\section{Experiments and Results}
\label{sec:expe}

Table~\ref{tab:baselinesystem} reports the WER results obtained using the four reference acoustic models: the three models, trained on clean data from native children speaking Italian, German and English, perform slightly better than the multi-lingual models trained on the three corpora using the multi-lingual lexicon.
Nevertheless, the multi-lingual system shows more robustness against non-native speech: the off-diagonals WERs, that represent the performance for young students speaking a foreign language, are significantly lower when the target language is English (39.8\% against 53.2 and 31.7 against 40.4) whilst it similar in case of German (i.e.\ 18.5\% against 17.4\%).

\begin{table}[bht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{llccc}
    \hline
speakers $\backslash$ language   	&  Italian & German & English   \\ \hline
\multicolumn{4}{c}{mono-lingual AMs} 	\\
Italian 				&  2.1     	& 17.4 	& 53.2 \\
German  				&  -   		& 7.3	& 40.4  \\
English 				&  -  		& -	    & 8.0 \\ \hline
\multicolumn{4}{c}{multi-lingual AM} \\
Italian						& 2.2 	    & 18.5  & 39.8 \\
German						& -		 	& 7.9	& 31.7 \\
English            			& -		 	& - 	& 10.4	\\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Results (WERs) using mono and multi-lingual acoustic models; the off-diagonals numbers represent WERs obtained on non-native speech.}
\label{tab:baselinesystem}
\end{center}
\end{table}

The forthcoming experiment shows the effectiveness of transfer learning in this applicative context: the baseline DNNs are adapted to non-native speech using limited data from the target domain. The adaptation sets comprise data of Italian students reading German and English sentences and German students reading English text.
The adaptation is implemented keeping fixed all the layers of the DNNs except the last one; few additional learning iterations are then performed using the adaptation material.
We evaluated three modalities related to transfer learning:
{\em m1)} the mono-lingual model is adapted to non-native speakers using adaptation data of the single target language;
{\em m2)} similarly, the multi-lingual model is adapted to a single target language;
{\em m3)} the multi-lingual model is adapted to multi-lingual non-native speech using at the same time the three adaptation sets (i.e. English and German data coming from Italian speakers and English data coming from German speakers).

The results presented in Table~\ref{tab:adapted_systems} demonstrate that the multi-lingual system is capable to better cope with the acoustic mismatch introduced by non-native speakers. Indeed, also in this case, the multi-lingual system exhibits a better behavior, allowing to produce more effective models for non-native speech: the WERs related to Italian students speaking in both German and English decrease from 11.1\% to 9.6\% and from 16.0\% to  15.4\%, respectively; larger gain is observed in case of Germans speaking in English (WER from 18.3\% to 15.2\%).

\begin{table}[bht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{llccc}
    \hline
speakers $\backslash$ language			& German & English   \\ \hline
\multicolumn{3}{c}{adapted mono-lingual AMs ({\em m1})} 	\\
Italian 		&  11.1 	& 16.0 \\
German  		&  -		& 18.3  \\  \hline
\multicolumn{3}{c}{adapted multi-lingual AM ({\em m2})} 	\\
Italian		 	& {\bf 9.6} & 15.4 \\
German			& -	& 15.2 \\   \hline
\multicolumn{3}{c}{adapted multi-lingual AM ({\em m3})} 	\\
Italian	& 10.4 & 15.0 \\
German			&	- &	15.1 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{WERs obtained with mono- and multi-lingual acoustic models adapted to non-native speech using the three modalities {\em m1,m2,m3}.}
\label{tab:adapted_systems}
\end{center}
\end{table}

The next experiment (see Table~\ref{tab:adapted_systems2}) investigates the case where, starting from the multi-lingual model, we adapt from Italian: adaptation sets from
Italian students speaking German and English are merged. Similarly, the English set merges data of German and Italian students speaking English. In the first case, we use the adaptation sentences coming from speakers with the same mother tongue (i.e., Italian). Vice versa, in the second case, the adaptation set is defined in terms of the language spoken by the students, regardless of their original mother language.
Also in this case, the gain with respect to the mono-lingual case is noticeable.
Moreover, this combination can lead to the best results (highlighted in bold) for two cases; of course, as expected, the pairs with no adaptation data (German-to-English and Italian-to-German, respectively) produce lower results.

\begin{table}[bht]
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{llccc}
    \hline
speakers $\backslash$ language 			& German & English   \\ \hline
\multicolumn{3}{c}{adapted multi-lingual AM with Italian speakers} 	\\
Italian 	& 10.3 & {\bf 14.2} \\
German		&	- &	19.8 \\ \hline
\multicolumn{3}{c}{adapted multi-lingual AM with English utterances } \\
Italian 	& 16.7 & 14.8 \\
German		&	- &	{\bf 15.0}\\ \hline

\end{tabular}
\caption{WERs related to experiments exploring modalities in which speakers are merged according to source or target language (i.e. Italian native speakers and students speaking in English, respectively).}
\label{tab:adapted_systems2}
\end{center}
\end{table}
As a consequence, we conclude that transfer-learning in the context of children non-native speech, where usually a limited amount of data is available for training purposes, can successfully be applied and mitigate the acoustic mismatch.
Moreover, it seems evident that the hidden layers of the multi-lingual DNN are able to build a more general representation of the phonetic space and this turns out to be suitable for the adaptation to non-native speakers.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:concl}

In this work we have investigated the application of transfer learning for adapting a multi-lingual DNN, trained on native speech from three languages (Italian, German, English), to non-native data. The approach is implemented updating the output layer of the DNN with small adaptation sets; the experimental results confirm the validity of this technique and show the positive effect of a multi-language model to compensate the pronunciation differences of a non-native speaker.

As future work we plan to further address non-native acoustic modeling, experimenting other types of acoustic features and exploiting some a-priori knowledge about phonetics of the first and foreign languages. In particular, it seems promising the investigation of alternative lexicons that take into account the possible pronunciation variations introduced by non-native students.

\vfill \pagebreak
\ninept
\bibliographystyle{IEEEbib}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Assignology > Nursing > Medication Errors in Downsized Hospital Environments
Medication Errors in Downsized Hospital Environments
Nurses have many responsibilities within a hospital as they assist doctors in procedures and monitor patient's condition during the entirety of their stay in the hospital. One of their primary responsibilities is delivering medication, and failure to administer it is among the most severe mistakes a nurse can make. This essay will discuss medication omission during a shift change and the investigation procedure into the error.
Investigation into Failure to Deliver Medication
A downsized work environment in a hospital can affect patients' health and well-being. Research shows that understaffing in a hospital leads to multiple adverse outcomes, including administering the wrong medicine, the wrong dosage, delivering the dose later than needed, or failing to provide it (Glette et al., 2017). Depending on the patient's condition and medicine that needs to be given, failure to deliver the dose can lead to critical danger to their health.
The nursing supervisor should be responsible for investigating the circumstances behind the failure to administer medication to the patient during the shift change. Several steps should be taken during the inquiry into the mistake. First, the supervisor needs to establish who was the senior staff member during each shift and which nurses were assigned to the patient in question. These persons need to provide additional information on the shift and what happened during it. The staff's recollections will help gain insight into the events of the shift change and help identify the circumstances behind the mistake.
Second, the nurse-to-patient ratio in the ward should be established. The supervisor needs to clarify how many cases each nurse was assigned to and their severity. If the staff members accountable for the person who was not given medicine were responsible for more than four people overall, the medication error could be attributed to understaffing (Glette et al., 2017). However, if the nurse in question was charged with fewer than four cases, the mistake can be attributed to them.
In conclusion, the omission of medication is a severe mistake and, in some cases, can be attributed to the downsized work environment. When investigating, the supervisor should consult the senior staff members on the shifts and all the nurses assigned to the patient who did not receive their medication. Furthermore, the nurse-to-patient ratio during the shifts should be examined to understand the nurses' workload and whether understaffing is the primary cause of the error.
Glette, M. K., Aase, K., & Wiig, S. (2017). The relationship between understaffing of nurses and patient safety in hospitals—A literature review with thematic analysis. Open Journal of Nursing, 07(12), 1387-1429. Web.
Nurse Leader Competencies Development
Nursing Informatics: Using of TIGER Initiative Platform
The Management of Long-Term Care Facilities
Medication Errors Analysis
Legal Responsibilities: The Nurse's Role in Informed Consent
Texas Board of Nursing: LVN and RN
Psychological Principles in Nursing
Steps of Nursing Process Assessment
Levels and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease
Long-Term Care: the United States and Costa Rica
Mental Health Services in the State of California
Role of Men and Women in the Medical System of USA

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Keutsch Group at Harvard
Frank Keutsch
Instrumentation Development
In-cloud Sulfur
Atmospheric radicals
Biosphere - Atmosphere
DCOTSS
Construction Materials - Atmosphere
Brown Carbon
SCoPEx
SCoPEx Governance
One of the strengths of the Keutsch group is its development of scientific instrumentation for field and laboratory use. From its beginnings with laser-based instrumentation at the University of Wisconsin - Madison in the development of instruments that measure formaldehyde and glyoxal, the group added mass spectrometric instrumentation when arriving at Harvard in 2015. Together, these laser-based and mass spectrometric instruments allow us to probe the composition of the atmosphere to understand the chemical mechanisms behind ozone and secondary organic aerosol formation.
FILIF: Measuring Gas-Phase Formaldehyde (HCHO) since 2009
Photo Credit: Josh Shutter
Operating Principle and History
HCHO is measured via laser-induced fluorescence (LIF); whereby, a custom UV laser at 353 nm excites a rovibrational transition of gas-phase HCHO and the resulting fluorescence is measured at wavelengths greater than 370 nm with a photomultiplier tube (PMT). Data is collected at 10 Hz which allows for the measurement of fluxes via Eddy covariance.
LIF measurements of HCHO were first applied to in situ atmospheric measurements by Hottle, et al. (2009) with a tunable Ti:sapphire laser. Subsequent work by DiGangi, et al. (2011) replaced the Ti:sapphire laser with a custom fiber laser by NovaWave Technologies. Inspired by the work of Cazorla, et al. (2015), Shutter, et al. (2019) briefly describes the replacement of the multi-pass detection cell with a more robust and stable single-pass detection cell. The latest upgrade to the instrument has been the creation of a new fiber laser with commercially-available parts.
FILIF has traveled to many field campaigns including PROPHET forest in Michigan, Manitou forest in Colorado, Blodgett forest in California, onboard a zeppelin in the Po Valley of Italy, the Amazon rainforest, Caltech, and Long Island Sound. FILIF has even traveled along the coasts of Antarctica and across the Southern/Pacific Oceans.
Source Code and Manual
The QNX code that runs FILIF and the associated manual for the instrument are located on GitHub
Madison/Harvard - LIP: Measuring Gas-Phase Glyoxal (CHOCHO) since 2008
Glyoxal can form SOA through partitioning and chemistry. Figure adapted from Knote et al., 2014.
LIP instrument in protective casing.
Nd:YAG laser pumping Ti:S crystal.
Why Glyoxal (CHOCHO)?
CHOCHO originates largely from VOC oxidation chemistry and has primary sources from biomass burning. CHOCHO can be used alongside HCHO as a tracer for VOC oxidation chemistry. If CHOCHO and HCHO can be predicted using atmospheric chemistry models, then the details of gas phase chemistry are likely well constrained, meaning that predictions of secondary pollutants like organic aerosol and ozone will be more accurate. CHOCHO can also be measured from space via satellites, so surface-based field studies can help validate satellite retrievals. CHOCHO is water soluble and can also contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation, and our group has participated and has ongoing participation in chamber studies investigating this process.
CHOCHO is measured via laser-induced phosphorescence (LIP); whereby, a Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) pumps a Ti:S laser (880 nm) that is frequency doubled to 440 nm. This then excites gas-phase CHOCHO, and the resulting phosphorescence (520 nm) is isolated and measured with optical filters and a photomultiplier tube (PMT).
LIP measurements of CHOCHO were first applied to in situ atmospheric measurements by Huisman, et al. (2008). Recent and planned upgrades include single-pass detection cell for more stable sensitivities and a reference cell to stay on the online wavelength of 440.25 nm following the recent FILIF upgrades at Harvard.
The CHOCHO LIP instrument has been in forests at California, Colorado, and the Amazon. Additionally, the LIP instrument has participated in chamber based campaigns at Caltech and MIT.
Personnel: Josh Cox and Josh Shutter
EDB-MS: Observing chemical processes in levitated particles since 2017 (Adam, Amy, Jack)
Past and Ongoing Development
Proof-of-concept: Birdsall, et al., 2018 demonstrated that the evaporation of particles containing polyethylene glycol mixtures agreed with Maxwellian flux predictions. EDB-MS is capable of performing vapor pressure measurements, even in multicomponent particles.
Instrument development: We are currently doing an instrument overhaul. We are implementing a new geometry, specifically a quadrupole (see to the right) as well as a suite of in-situ measurements, including continuous spectroscopic radius, RH, and temperature.
The current EDB-MS can only trap a single droplet at a time, and so has slow experimental throughput and efficiency. The goal is to couple a Linear Quadrupole Electrodynamic Balance (LQ-EDB) that is capable of levitating multiple droplets simultaneously to a mass spectrometer. This multi-particle suspension in a LQ-EDB has been achieved by Hart et al. (2015) for the purpose of optical size measurements during levitation. However, the periodic discharge of each trapped droplet to a mass spectrometer for chemical analysis is a novel idea, one that will accelerate and advance the study of chemical changes in atmospheric aerosol particles on long timescales.
Atmospheric aerosol particles live for multiple days, during which time they can undergo complex chemical changes. Studies of the underlying chemistry in experimental setups that faithfully mimic the atmosphere -- i.e., in authentic particles, on multiday timescales, at high chemical detail -- will improve our understanding of the associated climate and health impacts.
Electrodynamic balances (EDBs) have been used in aerosol research for several decades. EDBs contain a superimposed AC and DC field that fix laterally and vertically a charged object within the center of the fields. As such, charged aqueous droplets entering the EDB can stably levitate for seconds to days. Recently, the Keutsch group and Dr. Uli Krieger (ETH-Zurich) developed a novel instrument that couples an EDB to mass spectrometry (EDB-MS, schematic to the left), enabling molecular-level chemical analysis of the trapped particles (Birdsall, et al., 2018).
DPOPS: counting and measuring the optical size of particles (140 - 3000 nm) for DCOTSS project since 2019
DPOPS system is based on the POPS (Portable Optical Particle Spectrometer) instrument develped by the NOAA group. The POPS was designed to be a lightweight, high-performance optical particle counter. It uses a 405-nm diode laser to count and measure the optical size of sampled particles using single-particle light scattering between approximately 140 nm and 3 μm (Gao et al., 2016). Though the instrument is commercially available (Handix Scientific, Boulder, CO), it is not well suited for the flight condition in the UT/LS (low P, T, and low particle number density), especially the high-speed air stream. The DPOPS is an optimized POPS system for DCOTSS flight campaign with autonomous operation in flight that requires minimal support between flights. Three major upgrades are: (1) increasing the sampling flow with external pumps to achieve better counting statistics in light of the low particle number density, (2) achieving isokinetic sampling (the velocity of air entering the inlet is equal to the velocity of the approaching gas stream) for the pickoff inlet mounted in the free stream, and (3) optimizing the tubing system to reduce the loss of particles in the sampling tubes.
DPOPS is excited to join the NASA DCOTSS campaign happening in Palmdale, CA and Salina, KS soon! Stay tuned!
Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometers:
Chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) is an important and widely used analytical tool for measurements of organic molecules in the atmosphere. Two CIMS instruments in our group can be operated in one of two ionization modes: using either proton transfer reactions such as for H3O+ CIMS or PTR-MS (Breitenlechner et al., 2017) or ammonium ion ligand-switching reactions such as for NH4+ CIMS (Zaytsev et al., 2019). Employment of the two ionization modes significantly improves the measurement capability of the instruments and allows for detection of a vast array of compounds covering a wide range of volatilities from VOCs to ELVOCs. In addition, the CIMS instruments can be equipped with an aerosol inlet to quantify particle-phase compounds. The instrument detection limits are below 1 pptv (part per trillion by volume) for a 1 second integration time for select compounds which allows for the flux measurements.
Recent studies and travels
The CIMS instruments have participated in several laboratory and field studies. In 2017, we travelled to Forschungszentrum Jülich in Germany to study photooxidation of several isoprene-derived OVOCs, including ISOPOOH, IEPOX, and MVK (Fuchs et al., 2018) and participated in the PTR-MS intercomparison campaign PICAB in the Netherlands (Holzinger et al., 2019). More recently, we have extensively collaborated with the Kroll group at MIT participating in a series of chamber photooxidation experiments (Zaytsev et al., 2019).
SAPHIR chamber at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Germany
PICAB campaign, the Netherlands
MIT environmental chamber
Keutsch GroupHarvard University12 Oxford StreetCambridge, MA 02138


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A First-Hand Account of the Jena 6 Case by Terry Davis, Investigator for Mychal Bell
Posted on November 2007 by Terry Davis
The following is a talk
given by Terry Davis,
investigator with the
legal defense team for
Mychal Bell, one of the
members of the Jena 6
on trial in Louisiana. Davis was in Jena for
three weeks and was present for the historic
march there on Sept. 20. She gave a
talk in Champaign-Urbana on October 12,
2007 at the Urban League.
WHAT I WANT TO DO in talking with you
tonight is to share with you the particularly
unique and gripping story of Jena. I
don't think this story became world
famous by accident. There's something
about it that just grabs at the heart and I
think that made it big, even though there
are things like what have been happening
to the Jena six, unfortunately, way too
much and in way too many places.
I do work with the public defender's office
in Chicago. I had some training and experience
that I thought may be helpful for one or
any of the Jena 6 kids with their legal case.
IT'S JUST A PRANK
I read in the paper about this amazing
series of incidents that took place in Jena
starting when a black student in the high
school asked the principal if the black kids
were allowed to sit under the white tree,
that is the tree in the school yard where
some of the white kids gathered. Historically
no black kids had sat there. He said
they could. And this young man, Ken
Purvis, and a few of his friends, without
any fanfare, just went one lunch period
and sat there. The next day when the students
came to school there were three
nooses hanging in the very same tree.
Everything you've heard, it may be true.
But there is so much more that makes it so
much worse than you even know. For
example, the white kids that usually sat
under the tree in the morning, I guess a lot
of them instinctively pulled back and didn't
sit down, but somehow they knew they didn't
want to sit under those nooses. There
were teachers standing around laughing in
the morning. One of the kids went and told
the principal there's nooses in the tree, and
he said, "Oh, ha, ha, ha. It's just a prank."
When the kids went to their first period
class, those nooses were still there. They did
take them down then. But it was a sign, I
think, to the kids that it really didn't matter.
People in the South, black and white, I
think have much stronger sense of history
in a way than people in Illinois—for better
and for worse. I don't think there was anyone
in that school yard that didn't know
what the nooses meant. To the black kids,
a lot of whom I interviewed in the course
of my work, it was a horrible shock that
their school mates wanted to say something
that violent and ugly to them.
You've probably heard how the principal
initially wanted to expel the kids who put up
the nooses, and then the school board overrode
his decision and made it into a minor
offense rather than a major offense. Then
began a very tense Fall. I don't think you can
understand this case without picturing the
tension that existed among the kids from
that point on. The day of the nooses just
about every black student in the high school,
spontaneously, they went at lunchtime and
sat under the tree. I don't know if they
thought they were having a sit-in, but that
was what they were doing anyway.
The response by the powers-that-be was
immediate and they had a lock-down at the
school. They had a heavy police presence at
the school, including dogs, following this.
The District Attorney, who wears at least two
hats in Jena, one of which is attorney for the
school board, came to a school assembly of
the kids and looking right at the black kids
he said, "I can take away your life with the
stroke of my pen." There is not one student
who was in that room who doesn't remember
that like it's emblazoned on their mind.
The kids I talked to largely felt that their
needs and concerns were being overlooked
completely. There were fights, there was
tension, there was race-baiting, name-calling
going on during the Fall. After Thanksgiving
there was a series of incidents that
culminated in the incident for which the
Jena 6 were arrested.
THE TRIAL OF MYCHAL BELL
Before I came to Jena I read the transcript of
the first of the Jena 6 to go to trial, and he was
my client Mychal Bell. It was a stunning
experience just to read the transcript. I doubt
that all of you are lawyers, but I bet even the
youngest people here know that you're supposed
to be impartial in order to serve on a
jury. We had potential jurors being questioned,
"Do you know anything about this
case?" They would respond, "Only what I've
read in the papers." The papers in Jena had
vitriolic attacks on the Jena 6 every day—day
in, day out—just wild attacks on these kids.
This one woman juror was asked, "Do you
think you can be fair?" She said, "No, not
really." She was seated.
The jury was all white. The Defense
Attorney was a court-appointed lawyer
who seemed to feel the weight of the case
enough that he didn't want to stick his neck
out too far. He didn't call a single witness.
I found out after reading the transcript
that there was one teacher, and only one
teacher, who actually saw the beginning of
the fight. The others arrived seconds later,
but they didn't see it start. Mychal Bell was
accused of throwing that first punch that
knocked Justin out temporarily and caused
him to fall. And then he was kicked. But the
punch, that was Mychal's contribution to the
situation, according to the prosecution.
There was a teacher who happened to be
coming in front of where Justin was heading,
so he was able to see it uniquely well. He
made a written statement which he turned
into the principal that very same day saying
that he saw who threw the punch. Guess
what, it wasn't Mychal Bell, it was another
kid. He was not called as a witness. He had
moved to another town. Nobody knew
where he had gone. I found that coach. He
said it was somebody else and he said a lot of
other things that were very important. But he
was never called as a witness, even though
his statement was in there before the trial.
Jena is very, very small. There's no movie
theater. There's four stop lights. Nowhere to
eat. One motel. Within it the black community
is very small, maybe fifteen percent.
This is a very isolated black community
with no economic power, no political
power. The black people have been gerrymandered
out of Jena so they can't even
vote for Mayor because they are just on the
other side of the city line. There's very few
jobs. There's no black people in the library,
in the city clerk's office. There's one black
person who works in the bank, but he
works in a room where he cannot be seen.
In some ways it is a throw back to years
ago—but is it? Is this a throw back to years
ago, or is it that you don't see it unless it's
pushed right up against your face?
For a full transcript of this speech go to
ucimc.org.


Burning waste oil is much more complicated than burning normal fuel oil. Fuel oil is clean and consistent, but waste oil might come from a car or a heavy duty construction tractor. It might contain thin transmission fluid or heavy grease. It can also be full of grime that collects in the bottom of an engine, consisting of everything from metal filings to ash to sand and grit. This sludge plugs jets and chokes off the fuel supply in a normal furnace.
Clean Burn solved the problems of burning this wildly variable energy source, and went further to drastically increase the efficiency of their furnaces and boilers and reduce the maintenance involved. A typical Clean Burn boiler requires only 30 minutes of maintenance every 750-1000 hours, while competitors demand 2 hours of cleaning every 400 hours.
At the same time, Clean Burn has 250% more heated surface area than competitors which means that you get more heat out of every drop of oil. The oil may be free, but there is no reason to waste the energy in it.
Clean Burn realized that having the best product doesn't mean you'll be the most successful. That's why they created the most advanced dealer system in the industry, recruiting top notch companies like Master Burn as exclusive dealers who provide outstanding customer service before, during and after the sale.
Clean Burn's design and technology is so good, that they have the best warranty in the business. While competitors pro-rate the critical heat exchanger, paying less and less every year, Clean Burn has a 100%, 10 year / 15,000 hour replacement on their heat exchanger. Nobody else in the industry comes close.
Clean Burn Furnaces and Boilers are easier to install, have 80% less maintenance, the highest fuel efficency, and last longer than any other waste oil fired furnace and boiler available. That's why more than 80,000 Clean Burn units are in service today recycling millions of gallons of waste oil every year. No other waste oil burner manufacturer even comes close.
If you're considering recycling your waste oil and want to know more about the environmental and economic advantages, contact Master Burn in Sioux Falls. Call 605-543-5817.


At Masry Host, we don't only sell domains. Our company offers top notch domain management solutions. We also provide an affordable domain along with all of our cloud hosting packages.
At Masry Host, you can get a domain at a special price. We provide more than 50 domain name extensions for you to select from. With each domain registration, you'll be able to make full use of our easy to use Domains Manager interface. It will be possible to swiftly adjust your WHOIS info, to turn on WHOIS Protection and even to get hold of SSL Services for your domain names.
We give you complete authority over your domains' DNS resource records. Through the Custom DNS section of the Domain Manager, you will be able to change a variety of DNS resource records for a selected domain. These include A, AAAA, MX, NS, SRV, CNAME and TXT records. To set a new resource record, simply select a domain and enter the desired value in the respective record field. To update the DNS resource record – click on 'Modify'; to reset the default value – click 'Revert'.
Through the GeoIP location tool, also included in the Custom DNS section, you'll be able to present a particular language version of your site to visitors from a specific geographic region.
The Domain Manager is a fundamental part of our hosting Control Panel and offers all the features that you need in order to manage your domain names. It has a well–designed interface via which you can alter DNS settings, update WHOIS data, lock your domain name or create sub–domain names with only one mouse click.
Using the Domain Manager you could also purchase additional services such as ID protection and Secure Sockets Layer certificates.
With our domain name redirection tool, you will be able to point a domain or a subdomain in your account to any website at all. It boasts an easy–to–use interface, which will allow you to redirect the (sub)domain names of your choosing with just a few clicks. This way, you will not need to deal with intricate modifications to the .htaccess file.
In order to forward a domain name, just indicate the destination path it will follow and our clever tool will carry out everything else instead of you and will instantaneously redirect the domain to the desired location.
In our Domain Manager you will find a simple tool, which will enable you to filter out your traffic based on the visitors' physical location. With Masry Host's GeoIP redirection tool, you can effortlessly configure location–based redirects and direct visitors to various sections of your web site. For instance, you will be able to forward the US traffic to your main page, and the visitors coming from Spain to a sub–domain – es.your–website.com, for instance.
With this simple tool, you'll no longer need to type dozens of lines of code in the .htaccess file. Everything's carried out by the tool itself.


Megyn Kelly, the vaunted and very expensive new addition to NBC's morning, is gone — for now, and maybe for good — after saying that she didn't see the big deal about white people wearing blackface. "What is racist?" she asked. It was not, however, anything new for Kelly and race — or, for that matter, holidays. In a December 2013 segment of her old Fox News show about racial depictions of Santa Claus, she told "all you kids watching at home" that Santa was definitely white. That history was easy enough to find for anyone who was, say, considering signing a reported $17 million annual check for a new TV host. Now Kelly, like Roseanne Barr, who was fired by ABC over a racist tweet, may be on her way out. Whatever got her hired — displacing "Today's Take," the 9 a.m. show hosted by the black anchors Tamron Hall and Al Roker — it sure wasn't an ability to be relaxed and conversational on morning TV, which she never demonstrated before "Megyn Kelly Today," nor during it. It's the kind of remark that comes from people who don't see themselves as racist. They grew up in a world where these normal, regular, default things were — well, they were just the way things were. People can do this.
Megyn Kelly, the vaunted and very expensive new addition to NBC's morning, is gone — for now, and maybe for good — after saying that she didn't see the big deal about white people wearing blackface.
Kelly went on hiatus from "Megyn Kelly Today" Thursday, after a Tuesday segment defending white people for wearing dark-pigmented makeup in Halloween costumes — a practice that has a demeaning history going back to the minstrel shows of the 19th century.
That history was easy enough to find for anyone who was, say, considering signing a reported $17 million annual check for a new TV host.
Now Kelly, like Roseanne Barr, who was fired by ABC over a racist tweet, may be on her way out. Which is telling, considering how she and Barr made their way in.
What brought Kelly to NBC may have been in part what brought "Roseanne" back to ABC — that dazed post-2016 state when media outlets, stunned by the election result, scrambled to make nice with Trump country.
Kelly seemed to be a way to court that audience without seeming to outright pander. She had clashed as a debate moderator with then-candidate Donald J. Trump, who dismissed her questioning as "blood coming out of her wherever." But she also had a history as one of the most lacerating talons of the Fox News eagle, and might bring over viewers who saw NBC as the liberal enemy.
Whatever got her hired — displacing "Today's Take," the 9 a.m. show hosted by the black anchors Tamron Hall and Al Roker — it sure wasn't an ability to be relaxed and conversational on morning TV, which she never demonstrated before "Megyn Kelly Today," nor during it.


With celebrities facing flak over brand endorsements, the Central Consumer Protection Council (CCPC) today said they should be made liable for "misleading advertisements".
"The Council's view was that celebrities should be responsible for misleading advertisements," Consumer Affairs Minister Ram Vilas Paswan said after the CCPC meeting.
Paswan, who is the CCPC chairman, said the Council was also of the view that there should be guidelines for brand ambassadors.
Celebrities should think twice before endorsing any product/service, the minister said, adding that "one should use common sense approach while endorsing. If an advertisement says a person can get taller in six months using this particular product. Is it possible?"
Consumers are getting misled because they tend to listen and believe that the particular product/service endorsed by celebrities must be of good quality, he added.
Some celebrities have come under fire recently for endorsing brands misleading consumers.
Indian cricket team captain MS Dhoni last week resigned as brand ambassador of realty firm Amrapali, days after the unhappy residents of a housing project in Noida launched a social media campaign asking the cricketer to dis-associate himself from the builder.
A Parliamentary Standing Committee -- headed by Telugu Desam Party MP J C Divakar Reddy -- is looking into the misleading ads issue and is soon expected to submit a report to Parliament.
According to sources, the panel may recommend a hefty penalty and a jail term of up to five years for celebrities endorsing misleading advertisements.
For a first-time offence, the panel is planning to propose a Rs 10 lakh fine or imprisonment up to two years or both. A second offence could attract Rs 50 lakh fine and imprisonment for five years, the sources added.


New York, NY: A class action settlement has been reached in a class action lawsuit against Eastman Kodak Compan ("Eastman Kodak" or "Kodak" or "Defendant") pending in the U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York alleging, among other things, that Kodak engaged in an ongoing pattern and practice of racial discrimination against its African American employees, including (i) discrimination in compensation, (ii) discrimination in promotions, (iii) discrimination in wage classifications and job assignments, (iv) harassment or hostile work environment, and (v) retaliation, purportedly in violation of (1) Title VII of The Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e et seq., (2) The Civil Rights Act of 1866, 42 U.S.C. § 1981, and (3) The New York Human Rights Law, 15 N.Y. Executive Law §§ 291 et seq., according to the Eastman Kodak race discrimination class action lawsuit settlement final approval order.
The Eastman Kodak class action settlement also reportedly resolves race discrimination claims made in a related case, Alston, et al. v. Eastman Kodak Company, Civil Action No. 07-cv-6512, also pending in the United States District Court for the Western District of New York.
The Eastman Kodak race discrimination class action lawsuit settlement reportedly provides for the payment of $21,376,500.00 (the "Settlement Fund") to be distributed to 3008 Kodak settlement Class Members who did not timely opt-out of participating in the Kodak class action Settlement, after payment of, among other things, attorneys' fees and expenses, costs of settlement administration, service payments to class representatives and certain other individuals, and certain expert fees.
a. Category A: for each Class member who signed a release of claims in connection with Kodak's TAP program, he/she shall each receive $1,000.00. There are reportedly 1180 Settlement Class Members in this category. The total amount allocated for this group is a reported $1,180,000.00.
b. Category B: for each Class member who executed an ADR release but not a TAP release, he/she shall each receive $2,250.00. There are reportedly 79 Class Members in this category. The total amount allocated for this group is a reported $177,750.00.
c. Category C: for each Class member who did not execute either a TAP or ADR release, and who worked at least six months or more for Kodak, he/she shall each receive a minimum of $3,000.00 plus an amount proportionate to the number of weeks he/she worked for Kodak as reflected in Kodak's electronic records provided in this litigation. For each Class member who did not execute either a TAP or ADR release, and who worked less than six months or more for Kodak, he/she shall each receive $1,000.00. There are reportedly 1762 Class members in Category C. The total amount allocated for this group is a reported $8,297,750.00.
Eastman Kodak has also reportedly agreed to provide certain non-monetary relief as part of the class action settlement. For more information on the Eastman Kodak Racial Discrimination class action lawsuit settlement, visit the Kodak class action settlement website: kodakdiscrimination.com.


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The sixth annual Kustom Kulture Festival | Kitsap Week
The region's own Kustom Kulture fest is May 31 and June 1 at the Clearwater Casino in Suquamish. This year's theme is Sinners vs. Saints.
by Richard D. Oxley
Sunday, May 25, 2014 10:18am
LifeNorth Kitsap
The region's 6th Kustom Kulture Festival is May 31 and June 1 at the Clearwater Casino in Suquamish. This year's theme is Sinners vs. Saints. Tickets are $20 each day
It was a time when hep cats and kittens cruised hot rods into the night. Jazz was the rage, then the blues had a baby and named it rock 'n' roll. And hipsters weren't a manufactured pop sensation, but rather the hip-to-the-scene wordsmiths of "daddy-o," "far out," and "square."
But the fashionable flame of mid-20th century pop culture hasn't died out. It still burns hot for a collection of retro-inspired enthusiasts who carry it under the moniker "Kustom Kulture."
All things Kustom Kulture will take over Suquamish Clearwater Casino Resort this month with music, fashion, classic cars, and much more.
"It's not just a car show, it's not just a concert or a music festival, it's not just a pinup pageant," said Chuck Mitchell, coordinator of the Kustom Kulture Festival.
"It truly is a festival," he said. "When you come and spend the day you are experiencing all aspects: the pageant, the cars, motorcycles, bands, all of it. There's not that many events that do all of those things together."
The region's own Kustom Kulture fest is May 31 and June 1 at Clearwater. This year's theme is Sinners vs. Saints.
Tickets are $20 each day, or $30 for a two-day pass. Kids ages 12 and younger get in free.
The festival features a VIP party with food, drinks and performances by The Twangshifters and Deke Dickerson. VIP admission is $60 and includes a two-day pass to the festival.
Tickets can be purchased online at www.kustomcon.com or at the RockIt Roost in downtown Bremerton.
It will be the sixth festival of its kind, featuring a car and motorcycle show, vendors, live music with 19 bands, pinup model pageants and more, each a considerable draw on its own.
Kustom Kulture is known in select circles but has remained, largely, an underground scene — a modern celebration of the '40s/'50s/'60s era of hot rods, pin ups, greasers, rock 'n' roll, and more. But it is an underground that is swelling, especially in Kitsap.
"It's a culture of people that are really into the retro-inspired era of hot rods, motorcycles, the style of music from the '50s and '60s time frame," Mitchell said.
"Then you've even got the art aspect of it," he said. "There's an awful lot of inspiration for tattoos and people creating artwork."
It also inspired RockIt Roost, the Bremerton store owned by Mitchell and his wife, Hanah Reed. When the store opened in 2008, the couple didn't realize it was the beginning of much more.
"My wife and I opened the store in November 2008," Mitchell said. "And in January of 2009 we recognized that we were a niche shop, appealing to the Kustom Kulture lifestyle. We recognized that if this is going to work, we had to do something."
That "something" was a festival. It would give RockIt Roost some exposure, and also act as a meet-and-greet for Kustom Kulture enthusiasts in Kitsap.
The festival has transformed over the years and now features every angle of the scene, from cars to pinups and a whole lot of style.
"You'll see girls that are tattooed, yet they are dressed like the '50s era, with the cat-eye sunglasses and '50s dresses," Mitchell said. "And the guys will have the rolled up jeans with slicked back hair and pompadours. It's really inspired by that era, but with a modern twist."
"It became obvious that there was this underground culture in Kitsap County, but there were no events in Kitsap to get people together," Mitchell said. "We started to see, after opening the store, that it was bigger than we had thought. But there was nobody in the county doing these kinds of events. They were going over to Seattle for it."
At first, Reed and Mitchell called it a "rockabilly" festival. But the name didn't address everything included at the fest: pinups, hot rods, greasers, tattoos and so forth. So as the event evolved, the Kustom Kulture Festival was born.
"We never had any intention of it being an annual event," Mitchell said. "It was just a one-shot idea, but it was a huge success and it kept going."
Its popularity rose so significantly that the event outgrew its original space at the Silverdale Beach Hotel.
"The event has grown by no less than 20 percent across the board every single year," Mitchell said.
Last year's Kustom Kulture Festival drew nearly 4,000 attendees, more than 300 cars and more than 200 motorcycles.
Mitchell expects this year's draw to echo the past. A considerable number of enthusiasts have already preregistered online for the car and motorcycle shows. Mitchell noted that an equal number of cars and motorcycles are usually registered at the festival.
Prizes are given out for impressive cars and bikes.
The fest also includes a vintage fashion show — a competition with winners awarded — a poker run, and nightly parties in the casino's Beach Rock Lounge with live music.
Live music is also a constant feature on an outside stage. A total of 19 bands will take the stage over the course of two days.
"As far as Kustom Kulture goes, there is such a broad range (of music)," Mitchell said. "You can have a rockabilly band, a psychobilly band, and you can get into outlaw country.
"We have several parties. And during the day there's bands. Between the bands there are pinup girls on stage, and they are introduced, and they change outfits throughout the day," he said.
PINUP PAGEANT
The pinup pageant is another attraction of the festival. In fact, it was the original inspiration for the festival, which now has two: a local pageant featuring models from the area, and a VIP pageant. The VIP pageant is held during Saturday's VIP party on the casino's lawn. It features pinup models from all over the country, some of whom fly in for the event.
The local pageant runs continuously over the two days. Contestants grace the stage between bands, but are also touring the grounds vying for votes.
"In addition to being on stage, they are roaming around the event, posing with cars. And they create their own marketing gimmicks, like passing out lollipops," Mitchell said. "They are promoting themselves and encouraging people to vote for them."
Attendees vote for their favorite pinup model, across a range of categories, during the festival, and at the end of the two days, the winners are announced. Several crowns are awarded, including tattooed beauty, two runners-up, and the coveted people's choice award for the pinup who garners the most votes.
Contestants have been featured on the festival's Facebook page during the weeks leading up to the event, www.facebook.com/KustomKultureFestival, as well as the bands. Photos of past festivals can also be found on the Facebook page, in addition to other information such as the event schedule.
Information can also be found on the festival's website, www.kustomcon.com. The RockIt Roost is also online at www.rockitroost.com.
Port Orchard's 26th Seagull Calling Festival | Kitsap Week
Admiral brings Beatlemania to Bremerton | Kitsap Week
More snow for Poulsbo | Gallery
Additional inches of snow overnight added to Poulsbo's growing winter wonderland aesthetic… Continue reading
A splash of color on an inky night
Beginner painters create their own natural beauty on canvas
The birth of Puget Sound
Ever wonder what our region looked like in the distant past, before… Continue reading
Bay Street Bistro dishes up an expanded look
Port Orchard restaurant's new look was two years in the making
Port Orchard Yacht Club's Lighted Boat Parade is Saturday
This is the 63rd annual event in Puget Sound waters
American Legion Post 30 is a century old
Port Orchard organization dedicates monument at its headquarters building
The 'Giving Tree' continues to receive
Port Orchard Police Department collecting a treasure trove of holiday gifts
Kingston shines bright on the waterfront
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Phil is the executive director of Grace to You. He has been closely associated with John MacArthur since 1981 and edits most of Pastor MacArthur's major books. Phil also founded several popular websites, including The Spurgeon Archive, The Hall of Church History, and the Pyromaniacs blog. He is an ordained elder and pastor at Grace Community Church. Phil and his wife, Darlene, have three adult children and seven grandchildren.


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Saturday, June 8 , 2019
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Box Office: 'Black Panther' Heads to Glory With $235 Million Holiday Weekend
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'Black Panther': Everything you need to know about Shuri
Disney-Marvel's "Black Panther" is heading for a stunning $235 million debut over the four-day President's Day weekend at 4,020 North American locations, estimates showed Monday.
"Black Panther," starring Chadwick Boseman and directed by Ryan Coogler, has blown away its original tracking in less than a month. The film, which carries an estimated $200 million production cost, had been tracking to bring in between an impressive $100 and $120 million when first estimates emerged on Jan. 25.
Since then, "Black Panther" has become far more than just a popular tentpole title. Instead, it's become a must-see event as it veers into record-setting territory. Thursday previews brought in $25.2 million, the largest Thursday night preview gross for a February opener and the second-largest preview gross for a Marvel film. The film has continued to shatter all projections since then.
On Sunday, Disney estimated that "Black Panther" would take in $218 million for Presidents Day weekend, then revised that number upward on Monday morning by an astounding $17 million. The movie finished Sunday with a $60.1 million — the second best Sunday in industry history, just slightly behind 2015's "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" record of $60.6 million.
Korea Box Office: 'Black Panther' Rules Holiday Weekend
With 73% of schools closed, "Black Panther" business should decline 45% from Sunday for a $33 million Monday and $235 million four-day debut.
"Black Panther" has also pushed the 2018 year to date domestic gross up 6.9% to $1.65 billion, according to comScore. It is the highest three-day debut ever for a February film and the fifth highest of all time behind only "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" at $248 million, "Star Wars: The Last Jedi" at $220 million, "Jurassic World" at $208.8 million and "The Avengers" at $207.4 million.
"Black Panther" has demolished the record for the largest President's Day weekend, blowing past "Deadpool's" 2016 mark of $152 million. Overall North American moviegoing for the four-day period should hit an eye-popping $340 million — far above the $278 million mark in 2016, according to comScore.
Boseman portrays T'Challa, the ruler of Wakanda, a technologically advanced society, who conflicts with Michael B. Jordan's Eric Killmonger, who intends to take over the throne. Letitia Wright, Lupita Nyong'o, Angela Bassett, Danai Gurira, and Daniel Kaluuya also star.
SOURCE: Box Office: 'Black Panther' Heads to Glory With $235 Million Holiday Weekend
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The rain poured down hard last night – so loudly that it made it tough to sleep. This morning there were glimpses of blue in the sky and the most beautiful birdsong you ever did hear. And waterfalls. Everywhere there are waterfalls.
The 10 miles is done and I'm sore – but mostly, I suspect, from the bruises and bumps I sustained on the fall yesterday.
On the upside, I managed the distance without too much trouble and in reasonable time, getting back to lodge by around 2.30pm and not at the end of the pack. More importantly, I didn't fall again.
When I took all my layers off this afternoon everything was so wet – partly from sweat, but mostly from the rain that started almost as soon as we began walking, and didn't let up. The extra merino layers I bought in Queenstown earned their keep today.
On top I wore my merino cami, merino t-shirt, merino long-sleeved t, and my rain jacket. On the bottom, I had my long thermal pants and ¾ gym tights. It was a good look.
Ultimate Hikes have a guide up the front, one down the back, and a couple of social butterflies in the middle. I was none of those things so spent most of the day walking alone and absolutely loved it. In terms of difficulty, today wasn't too bad. Until the last couple of miles it was mostly flat. My legs were sore and that, of course, is when we started to climb. By most standards, Pompolona Hill isn't challenging, but when you've already walked 8 or 9 miles in the rain, it becomes so.
Marlene's Creek- after crossing it. These rocks are the path out.
At the top of Pompolona Hill, Ellis (one of the fabulous guides) was there to help me (and everyone behind me) across Marlene's Creek.An avalanche site, I'd imagine it would be normally quite tough, but in the rain with the water levels rising, it was quite frightening to cross. It really was just a case of wading through it and dealing with the wet boots. Thank goodness for drying rooms.
As for what today was like? It started damply, rained heavily, drizzled a bit, was briefly sun-lit, rained some more, misted over a bit, and rained heavily again. Everything was wet, and it was also lushly, greenly, incredibly beautiful.
Waterfalls poured off every mountain – almost as if the mountains were crying gushing tears. The Clinton River, which was on our right all day, was a swirling, twirling, torrent of rapids, and the streams beside the path – and across the path – tinkled and gurgled. It was almost musical the way in which the water dripped onto the leaves, the track, the ferns, my hood. I didn't know before today that water could make so many different sounds, and that so many different shades and textures of green existed.
As uncomfortable and cold as the rain was, without it the walk could have been almost boring. The track today was (except for Marlene's Creek bed) mostly well-formed, and in better condition than I remember Routeburn being, and not nearly as technical as I was expecting it to be.
We spent the afternoon at the lodge watching the antics of the keas. Their beaks are perfectly formed to rip out nails, and strip the rubber sheeting from the glass on the roof, so the lodges attempt to keep them amused with old boots. They're hilarious to watch, but very destructive.
Dinner tonight was these yummy salmon rillettes to start, followed by beef rendang and coconut rice. Dessert was crème brulee, but again I didn't touch it. Tomorrow is the tough day, and the generators will be on by 6.15am. We need to be on track by 7.30am. I'm dreading it.
Did you get bad blisters from having wet boots / socks? That would be hard to overcome!


The Awami League (AL) has inducted new faces and dropped some heavyweight candidates for the 11th parliamentary election slated for December 30. AL general secretary Obaidul Quader began distributing party tickets yesterday morning from the party's central office at Bangabandhu Avenue in the capital. Later, at a press conference at AL President Sheikh Hasina's political office in Dhanmondi, Quader said the AL had already selected 230 candidates for the national polls.
"The selected party leaders have started taking their party tickets. Today we won't give the list of the candidates. We'll give you the total list of 300 candidates, including the leaders of the alliance partners, on Monday (today)," he told reporters. Among the heavyweight candidates, who were denied the party nominations, are party joint general secretary Jahangir Kabir Nanak and organising secretary AFM Bahauddin Nasim.
Dr Abdul Momen, the younger brother of finance minister AMA Muhith, has been given the nomination from Muhith's constituency Sylhet-1. AL north city unit general secretary Sadek Khan was nominated from Dhaka-13, one of the key constituencies in the city, where Jahangir Kabir Nanak, the sitting MP, was also an aspirant.
Monzur Hossain Bulbul, chairman of Rupali Bank, was nominated in place of party joint general secretary Abdur Rahman, who is also the sitting MP from Faridpur-1 constituency.
AL office secretary Dr Abdus Sobhan Golap was nominated in place of party organising secretary AFM Bahauddin Nasim from Madaripur-3. AL central leader Iqbal Hossain Apu has been given nomination in place of BM Mozammel Haque from Sharietpur -1.
The ruling party has also dropped two sitting MPs—Abdur Rahman Bodi from Cox's Bazar-4 and Amanur Rahman Rana from Tangail-4—as cases have been filed against them.
The AL has given tickets to some new faces, both young and old, for the forthcoming parliamentary polls.
Mashrafe Bin Mortaza, Bangladesh national cricket team's ODI captain, has received the AL ticket from the Narail-2 (Lohagara) constituency. Another new face is the party's organising secretary, Mohibul Hassan Chowdhury Nowfel, who will contest from the Chattogram-9 constituency.
SM Shahjada Saju, a former Bangladesh Chhatra League (BCL) leader, has been nominated from the Patuakhali-3 (Golachipa-Dashmina) constituency instead of incumbent MP AKM Jahangir Hossain.
AL central working committee member Iqbal Hossain Apu, another new face, will contest from the Shariatpur-1 (Sadar and Jajira upazila) constituency.
Shameem has been given the ticket to contest the polls from the Shariatpur-2 (Naria-Bhedarganj) constituency.
AL city unit leader (north) Sadek Khan will contest from the Dhaka-13 constituency.
Former inspector general of police Noor Mohammad has been given nomination from Kishoreganj-2 (Katiadi-Pakundia).
Other new faces on the AL 'Boat' are Dr Abdul Momen from Sylhet-1, Jakir Hossain from Kurigram-4, Dr Abdul Aziz from Sirajganj-3, AKM Sarwar Jahan from Kushtia-1, Selim Altaf from Kushtia-4, Mohammad Shafiqul Ajam Khan from Jhenaidah-3, Sheikh Tanmoy from Bagherhat-2, Sheikh Salauddin Jewel from Khulna-2, Akhtaruzzman Babu from Khulna-6, Shah Jahan Majumder from Patuakhali-1, Shamsul Haque Reza from Patuakhali-2, Mohibur Rahman from Patuakhali-4, Murad Hassan from Jamalpur-4, Mawlana Ruhul Amin Madani from Mymensingh-7, Manu Majumder from Netrakona-4, Benjir Ahmed from Dhaka-20, Iqbal Hossain Sabuj from Gazipur-3, Manjur Hossain from Faridpur-2, Md Ebadul Karim Bulbul from Brahmanbaria-5, Selima Ahmad Marry from Cummila-2, Mazharul Haque Prodhan from Panchagarh-1, Shahidul Islam from Natore-1, Abdul Momin Mandal from Sirajganj-5, Saifuzzaman Shekhor from Magura-1, SM Rezaul Karim from Pirojpur-1, Kazi Manirul Islam from Dhaka-5, Monjur Hossain Bulbul from Faridpur-1, Abdus Shobhan Golap from Madaripur-3.
The AL had sold 4,023 nomination forms from November 9. The forms were distributed from AL president Sheikh Hasina's Dhanmandi political office for four days.
Later, an 11-member parliamentary board, headed by Sheikh Hasina, finalised the party nominations after holding a series of meetings in her official residence. Sheikh Hasina herself will contest the polls from the Gopalganj-3 and Rangpur-6 constituencies.


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Q: I am trying to find a way to show user attribute in some other controller Here is what i did
def new
  @refill = Refill.new
  @refill_number = User.find(:id).phone_number
end

but obviously didnt work. so what do i need to do? to find user's phonenumber and put it in refils controller. thanks in advance

A: Maybe this will help?
@refill_number = User.find(params[:id]).select(:phone_number)

You should really show us how that action is being rendered (for example, how are you passing the :id variable to it?)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Essay On Evolution Of Healthcare Marketing
December 24, 2020 /0 Comments/in /by dennis
Major Historical Development of Hospitals in the United States
During the 18th century, the United States did not have the formal institutions of health care that are commonly referred to as hospitals. As a result, the sick were attended to by the medical practitioners at the comfort of their homes. There were numerous challenges that characterized by this form of health care provision (Jonas, 2003). For instance, the majority of the medical practitioners did not own the necessary expertise and equipments that are applied in the administration of health care. This is an attribute that had negative implications on the standard of health care that was being rendered by the medical practitioners.
Additionally, most of the equipments employed in the provision of health care were not mobile. This attribute greatly impaired rendering of timely and high standards of health care to the patients. Boston was the United States' largest city at the time and had a population of approximately seven thousand people. All these people relied on the aforesaid form of health when they had health needs (Jonas, 2003). Another major challenge was based on incidences when people ailed from communicable diseases. Such medical conditions necessitated for the segregation of the affected people from the general population through a process known as quarantine. Such individuals were normally confined in locations that were remote from the city. This is because such areas were not easy to access thus they were suitable for carrying out such activities. These stations of isolation served as the first form of hospitals.
During the seventeenth century, mental illness was considered a major illness and special places were designed for the purpose of dealing with these people. Such places formed the basis of establishing hospitals, such as the Bellevue Hospital, which was established in the year 1736. The fundamental mission of the institution was to cater to the needs of the aged, mentally ill, and the poor. In the year 1789, a hospital was established in Baltimore and it was known as the Public Hospital of Baltimore (Raffel, 2005). This hospital remained in operation for a century and it was improved to its current status and name referred to as the Prestigious Johnson Hopkins Hospital. The number of institutions for health care increased significantly during the 19th century. Pest houses were established in most of the major cities across the nation and almshouses were also established to cater for the poor within the society. It is also during this era that some of the Almshouses and Pest house were equipped with infirmaries. During this era, most of the hospitals were extremely unhygienic and they led to the contraction of various hygiene related infections. This is an attribute that made many people resent visiting the hospitals.
In the year 1850, the protestant movement from Germany launched its operations in Pennsylvania. This movement revolutionized the entire health care industry within the United States. This is largely because it introduced the formal training of nurses. These nurses underwent training on the provision of health care (Raffel, 2005). The nursing profession was extremely upheld and developed during the civil war. This is because the nurses who were trained by this movement were providing health care services to various soldiers that had been injured during the war.
The twentieth century was marked by a wide range of major advancement in the health care sector. This is the era which health care insurance was introduced and marked a major advancement in the health care industry. The popularity of this product has been increasing over the years. This product managed to move from a preference product to the basic product that people required. This implies that it graduated from being a luxury into being a necessity. It is also during this phase that hospitals ceased being viewed as charitable institutions that addressed the needs of the low income earners (Raffel, 2005). This phase was characterized by the commercialization of hospitals. This is an attribute that facilitated a broad range of development to take place within this sector. Through the commercialization of the health care services that were being rendered by the hospitals, the standard of health care being rendered immensely improved. This is because the availability of funds facilitated hospitals to carry out research on various fields of health care.
In addition, it also facilitated the development and procurement of high technology equipment that was employed for the provision of health care. It also catalyzed the growth of the number of hospitals across the nations. This is primarily because there was a comparatively large population of people in demand of the health care services. This population could not be adequately catered for by the number of hospitals that were present at the time (Jonas, 2003). The rise in the number of hospitals facilitated the rise in the population of people that had access to relatively high quality health care. The private, public and non-for-profit hospitals that were set up, contributed to these significant improvements in the provision of health care across the United States.
The major historical events in Health care and hospitals in the UK
The Voluntary Hospitals were established in the United Kingdom, during the medieval age. These forms of hospitals completely relied on voluntary services as well as funding from well wishers. These hospitals were set up with the objective of supplementing the nature of health services that were being rendered by the hospitals present in the nation. These hospitals provided training for most of the medical practitioners and attended people who were suffering from long term illnesses. The popularity of these hospitals continued to increase progressively to a point whereby they were considered essential in the provision of health care within the United Kingdom (Pickstone, 1985). However, this situation was set to change in the course of the forthcoming years. The members of the general public started mounting pressure on the government to review the health care policies. The government succumbed to the pressure, thereby reviewing the health care policies, which led to the establishment of hospitals in all cities and major towns across the United Kingdom. This was a move geared towards enhancing the prevailing degree of access to a high standard of health care.
A Comparison of the US and the UK History of Health Care and the Evolution of Hospitals
Evidently the history of hospitals in the United States evolved more efficiently than in the United Kingdom. This is mainly because the growth was progressive and it took place over a relatively long duration (Pickstone, 1985). Although the history of hospitals in the two countries is considered comparatively long, the history of the United States is based on a long, enduring and difficult process that led to numerous developments in the health care sector. This effort was primarily geared towards enhancing the standards of health care that were being offered (Jonas, 2003). For instance, the introduction of the medical insurance policy played a central role in enhancing the quality of health care being rendered in the United States.
In conclusion, the health care industry has undergone a major revolution and since the 17th century, when it was informal and based on traditional practicians, to the current modern status of the sector. There were major events in the United States history, such as the American civil war, which shaped the health care industry immensely. For example, it led to the introduction of nursing as a professional, which has been imperative in the industry. In comparison with the UK, the US health care system developed radically and immensely leading to the development of the major foundations in the sector.
Jonas, S. (2003). An Introduction to the U.S. Health Care System: Fifth Edition. New York: Springer.
Pickstone, J. (1985). Medicine and Industrial Society: A History of Hospital Development in Manchester. Manchester: Manchester University.
https://anursingresearchpaper.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/logo-transparent-300x60.png 0 0 dennis https://anursingresearchpaper.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/logo-transparent-300x60.png dennis2020-12-24 10:45:042020-12-24 10:45:04Essay On Evolution Of Healthcare Marketing
Nursing Research Proposal Research Paper Examples Example Of Challenges In The Assessment Of The Abdominal And Neurological System...


The channel 'orientation' is needed for synthetic gradient computation for axial gradiometer or magnetometer systems. If you don't know what it means and need to construct your own grad structure, please set it to nan(N,3).
Algorithmically, the tra-matrix is used as a left multiplier of the unbalanced lead field (i.e. the leadfield that represents the magnetic field distribution at the location of the original magnetometer coils) in the following way: lf_balanced = grad.tra * lf_unbalanced. For example, to obtain a first-order axial gradiometer, each row in the tra-matrix contains two '1's (assuming the orientation of the top and bottom coils to be opposite), indicating that the modelled field estimated at the top and bottom coil of a gradiometer should be summed to obtain a model of the axial gradients. In order to obtain synthetic higher order gradients, the columns in the tra-matrix that correspond to the reference coils will have non-zero values, reflecting the 'balancing' coefficients.
In summary, if you are doing fancy things with your data, and later on want to do source reconstruction, it's not safe to just take any grad-structure to construct your leadfields with. For obvious reasons, not only do the positions of the coils need to be the same as the ones used during the measurement. Additionally, the tra-matrix needs to reflect all the manipulations you have applied to the data that you wish to source-reconstruct.


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Q: C# compiler can't run on Windows 10 I downloaded .Net Core from here installed it on Windows 10 x64, set path to C# compiler, Roslyn. When calling csc from command prompt I get a message;
This app can't run on your PC.
To find a version for your PC, check with the software publisher.

I do not want to install Visual Studio and can't figure out the problem. What can I do to resolve this?

A: Use the Runcsc batch file found in same directory
Not sure why the csc.exe is not working directly but this works in my case


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(10726) Elodie – planetoida z grupy pasa głównego asteroid okrążająca Słońce w ciągu 3 lat i 256 dni w średniej odległości 2,39 j.a. Została odkryta 28 stycznia 1987 roku w Europejskim Obserwatorium Południowym przez Erica Elsta. Nazwa planetoidy pochodzi od Elodie Bouteille (ur. 1990), studentki z Langres. Przed nadaniem nazwy planetoida nosiła oznaczenie tymczasowe (10726) 1987 BS2.

Zobacz też
 lista planetoid 10001–11000
 Lista planetoid

Linki zewnętrzne

Planetoidy pasa głównego
Nazwane planetoidy
Obiekty astronomiczne odkryte w 1987

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Q: Apache FTPClient: IOException - Connection timed out While trying to retrieveFile() using Apache's FTPClient, I sometimes get IOException with the message "Connection timed out".
Does it mean that my FTP Control Connection has timed out or my FTP data connection has timed out ?
What should my application do in such a case, should it create a new FTP Connection or can it re-use the same FTP connection to try and retrieve the file again from the remote FTP server?


Dylan Gibson's artworks have appeared in national and international advertising campaigns, providing educational illustration, editorial artwork for magazines and newspapers, conceptual work for marketing and storyboards. Dylan illustrates picture books and illustrated stories for older children and reluctant readers and has produced artwork for dozens of books and many more covers. Working with small, independent and large publishers.


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Why Canada banned Nigerians, other foreigners from buying estate property
The Canadian government has banned non-Canadians from buying homes in the country following surged prices in the real estate market.
The North American country passed the law after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic but it took effect from Sunday, January 1, 2023.
Canada took this decision that will last only two years when some politicians believed that buyers were behind the skyrocketed prices jerking up the supply of homes as investments.
According to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and his Liberal Party last year, the desirability of Canadian homes is attracting profiteers, wealthy corporations, and foreign investors.
In late December, Ottawa also explained that the prohibition would apply only to city dwellings and not to recreational properties such as summer cottages.
This temporary two-year measure was proposed by Trudeau during the 2021 election campaign when soaring prices put home ownership beyond the reach of many Canadians.
According to the campaign site, "This is leading to a real problem of underused and vacant housing, rampant speculation, and skyrocketing prices. Homes are for people, not investors."
Following their 2021 election victory, the Liberals quietly introduced the Prohibition on the Purchase of Residential Property by Non-Canadians Act.
Major markets such as Vancouver and Toronto have also introduced taxes on non-residents and empty homes, as per Associated Press report.
However, in the law, an exception has been made for the immigrants and permanent residents of Canada who are not citizens, as per reports from the country.
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Wyllie Longmore Wife: Was Wyllie Longmore Married?
Wyllie Longmore, a well-known performer from Love Actually and Coronation Street, has died at the age of 82.
Wyllie Longmore passed away following a quiet fight with cancer.
In the 1990s, Wyllie Longmore gained widespread recognition for his portrayal as Dr. McKinnon in the ITV soap opera.
The news of Wyllie Longmore's passing was announced to the media by his daughter.
According to her, "I want to share the news that my father, Wyllie Longmore passed away yesterday evening. He had been living with Cancer, but passed away peacefully with my mum by his side.
"Those of you who know me will know that I am not prone to public announcements on social media, but I know the influence my dad goes way beyond our family; so I wanted to share this news with you all.
"Please feel free to share this news in your networks. I will post information in due course about the quiet funeral we have planned and the celebratory stuff event of his life and career, that will come later.
"Wyllie was a much-loved husband, father, grandfather, brother, and uncle and will be very sadly missed."
Wyllie Longmore lost his fight with cancer on January 4th, 2023. At the age of 82, he passed away.
Wyllie Longmore
Wyllie Longmore has been a married man for so many years. Unfortunately, he kept details about his away from the public.
There is no information about his wife but she was by his him when he died.
READ ALSO: Wyllie Longmore Children: Did Wyllie Longmore Have Kids?
Related Topics:Wyllie Longmore
Wyllie Longmore Children: Did Wyllie Longmore Have Kids?
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Billy Idol and Black Veil Brides join Download 2015 line-up
Among the latest fleet of iconic names to rock the fields of Castle Donington is punk icon and Generation X frontman Billy Idol, who returns to Donington for the first time in five years.
Matt Jarram
BILLY Idol, Ice T, Godsmack, Rise Against and Black Veil Brides are among the fleet of new names announced for one of Europe's biggest rock festivals – Download 2015.
Billy Idol said: It was a fantastic experience playing at Download 2010 in the teeming rain with the audience completely unfazed. So if that was fun, this year should be dynamite! See you there!"
Groove metal giants Lamb of God return from hiatus in 2015 amid rumours of a new album to blow away the minds of the Download faithful.
Other massive bands joining them include Black Veil Brides - the hard rockers following in the tradition of fellow Download 2015 performers KISS and Mötley Crüe with their raucous live performances and on-stage personas, while Rise Against return to bring a bit of poignancy and political edge to their barrage of heavy, melodic punk rock.
Black Veil Brides said: "We are absolutely honoured to once again have the opportunity to play on rocks biggest stage at the Download festival 2015! We've always had a blast and we are looking to make our third time the best one yet!"
Rise Against's Tim McIlrath said: "The Download Fest always puts together one of the best and heaviest line-ups in the UK and we're pretty damn ready to get muddy with the best of them."
Elsewhere, America's most successful rock performer in the Billboard charts, the four times Grammy-nominated Godsmack will perform at Download for the first time in 2015 following the release of their acclaimed 1000hop album earlier this year.
Tongue-in-cheek Eagles of Death Metal will also swoop into Donington in 2015 to make their eagle-ly awaited debut.
Homegrown natural born killers Mallory Knox continued their meteoric rise with the release of their second album Assymetric in October and will give fans a taste of it at Download.
If those massive names aren't enough, funk beasts Clutch return to Download after a four-year absence, while DragonForce will also be blazing into Donington.
Hardcore rap rockers Hollywood Undead will showcase material from new album, Day of the Dead. Also on stage is Body Count, fronted by rap legend Ice-T, Every Time I Die, Backyard Babies, Motionless in White and Crown the Empire. They will join Slipknot, Muse, Judas Priest, Faith No More and Marilyn Manson.
ESNA PlayersCast announced for the Wedding SingerTHE ESNA Players are hoping to get a great reception for their new show The Wedding Singer.
Loughborough UniversityNew public artwork planned at Loughborough UniversityThe work will be located at the main entrance route to the halls and will be seen by thousands of students and visitors as they navigate this route.
LeicestershireMusicians galore lined up for Summer SundownThe much-loved event with music from local bands and entertainers is perfect for families to sit and enjoy during the warm summer evenings.
LeicestershireFilm featuring pupils scoops county awardThe Unquiet Grave, a short drama produced and directed by Pudding Bag Productions, was based on Roesia de Verdun.


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Funa latisinuata is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pseudomelatomidae, the turrids and allies.

Description
The length of the shell attains 50 mm, its diameter 35 mm.

The fusiform and turreted shell contains 12 whorls. These are excavated above, carinated and angulated in the middle and below the angle obliquely plicated. The upper half of each whorl is nearly smooth, as the plications extend scarcely beyond the central large spiral liration which marks the angulation of the whorls. Sometimes, this lira being double, the whorls are less acutely angular. The color is yellowish brown, with white revolving lirae. The siphonal  canal is moderately long and slightly curved.

Distribution
This species occurs in the China seas and off the Andaman Islands.

References

 Smith E.A. (1877). Diagnoses of new species of Pleurotomidae in the British Museum. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 4, 19: 488-501
 Taylor, J. D. (1982). Diets of sublittoral predatory gastropods of Hong Kong. In: Proceedings of the first international marine biological workshop: The marine flora and fauna of Hong Kong and southern China (ed. Morton, B.), vol. 2, pp907-920. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong
 Li B.Q., Kilburn R.N., & Li X.Z. (2010). Report on Crassispirinae Morrison, (Mollusca: Neogastropoda: Turridae) from the China Seas. Journal of Natural History. 44, 699-740
 Liu J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. China Science Press. 1267 pp

External links

latisinuata
Gastropods described in 1877