text:
New Report Exposes Local Government 'Labor Peace' Agreements
Posted on November 4, 2014 January 25, 2017 by NLPC Staff
Union officials often are best prepared for war when invoking the specter of "peace." A new report from the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, "Labor Peace Agreements: Local Government as Union Advocate," explains why these agreements are the result of union pressure, subtle or otherwise. In such cases, a city, county or state government, having asserted a "proprietary interest" in existing or planned commercial facilities such as hotels or a sports arena, passes an ordinance requiring that a union and/or employer forgo certain rights protected by federal labor law. On the surface, these measures promote a level playing field. In practice, they are political gifts to unions. Currently, 11 states impose, or allow locally, such mandates. In response, at least three states have banned their use.
Unions, at bottom, are business organizations. And their business is increasing the bargaining power of workers within a given firm, industry or jurisdiction. Through expanding membership and dues revenues, they are in a better position to raise pay and benefits. Part of this process involves getting state and local governments to pass laws favorable to their interests. Among them as of late are "labor peace" ordinances in which a union promises an employer that it will not conduct picket, strike, boycott or some other disruption so long as the employer makes certain concessions. Such laws, at first glance, appear the result of voluntary compromise. Beneath the surface, they are anything but that. The union, backed up by a government entity, holds the cards. The union withdraws a threat to employer operations so long as the employer promises to advance union interests. The 16-page Chamber of Commerce report explains: "Labor peace agreements can cover a number of different topics, but their fundamental purpose is to compel an employer to grant organizing concessions to a union, concessions they otherwise would be unlikely to make." Therein the rub lies. The union agrees to refrain from acts of hostility such as strikes and pickets, but only insofar as the employer says "yes" to demands it otherwise would find objectionable. And even the union's "concessions" may have a time limit.
For all intents and purposes, labor peace agreements are union shakedowns. And government officials, whether enthusiastically or dutifully, are complicit. Most commonly, localities apply labor peace agreements to downtown revitalization projects or long-term strategies in which a hotel, casino, arena or stadium serves as an economic development anchor. Under such scenarios, union officials take advantage of the eagerness of public officials to get a project off the ground. As a bonus, they engage in institution-building, arresting the decades-long decline of union membership as a share of the U.S. work force.
Labor peace agreements should be distinguished from project labor agreements (PLAs), which are authorized by the National Labor Relations Act. Under a PLA, a contractor agrees to hire only union workers for a particular aspect of a public works project or for the project as a whole. They also differ from neutrality agreements, though the latter type arrangement may be subsumed under a labor peace agreement. Under "peace" agreements, which are not authorized by the NLRA, a union, an employer, or both, agree to waive certain federally-protected rights in order to avoid future labor disruptions. And the terms may cover a broad set of issues. While such an agreement may be negotiated voluntarily, typically it is a general- or special-purpose local government that imposes it upon contractors or employers as an expression of "proprietary interest." That is, if a government entity provides financial assistance to a project in the form of a grant, contract or low-interest loan, that entity is on stringer legal ground to extract a promise from the developer/facility operator to do things that work to the benefit of a union. It's a can't lose situation for unions: Government has become their organizing partner.
San Francisco more than three decades ago proved to be ground zero for labor peace agreements. In 1980, the San Francisco Redevelopment Agency forced the Marriott Corporation to sign an commitment in conjunction with its proposal to build a hotel on a City-owned parcel. This agreement included neutrality and card check provisions intended to facilitate union organizing. Almost two decades later, in 1998, the City of San Francisco passed a "labor peace" ordinance applicable to contractors and subcontractors of hotel and restaurant projects where the City had a proprietary interest. Under the ordinance, any covered hotel or restaurant must sign a card check agreement with any union requesting one. Even if a particular facility does not receive direct City support, by virtue of its location in a mixed-use redevelopment zone it is subject to the ordinance anyway. The San Francisco Airport Commission has created a similar set of requirements for employers doing business at San Francisco International Airport.
Other cities since have enacted labor peace ordinances. The Baltimore, Pittsburgh and Washington, D.C. laws, as the Chamber of Commerce monograph notes, while not necessarily as explicit as those in San Francisco, exact demands upon project sponsors to satisfy local unions. The Baltimore ordinance spells out not less than five circumstances in which the City has a proprietary interest: 1) the City derives revenue from property leasing; 2) the City derives revenue from a project through borrowing from the City; 3) at least part of a project's operating revenues are used to service debt on City bonds; 4) project loans are underwritten or guaranteed by the City; and 5) the City has an ongoing economic or non-regulatory interest dependent on the financial success of the project. Pittsburgh's ordinance states that employers, including subcontractors, "shall be or become signatory to valid collective bargaining agreements" with any labor organization seeking to represent its employees "as a condition precedent to its contract with the City of Pittsburgh." This actually goes beyond the San Francisco ordinances, which at least require worker support. The Washington, D.C. law stipulates that any contract related to a hotel project must include a labor peace agreement signed by an employer and any union that represents, or reasonably might represent, workers there.
The state governments of Maryland and New York also have passed laws designed to achieve the illusion of peace. In Maryland, an applicant for a license to operate a video lottery terminal must have "entered into a labor peace agreement with each labor union that is actively engaged in representing or attempting to represent video lottery and hospitality industry workers in the state." In return, the union will refrain from "picketing, work stoppages, boycotts and any other economic interference" within the first five years after the license is granted. The New York State law applies to any hotel or convention center employing more than 15 people in which a state agency asserts a proprietary interest. As with Maryland, a union agrees for five years not to disrupt employer operations.
All of this amounts to coercion – "an offer an employer can't refuse," to put it in Mobspeak. And compliance isn't cheap. Developers/facility operators, once having paid the toll, pass it on to users. They go along, if reluctantly, because they want to get a green light for their operation. Three states thankfully have acted to prevent this practice. Louisiana (2001), Georgia (2013) and Tennessee (2013) each have enacted statewide bans on labor peace ordinances. Less directly, two dozen states have dampened the possibility for such agreements by passing Right to Work laws over the decades, most recently, Michigan. These laws protect private-sector employees from being terminated from their jobs as a result of "security" clauses inserted into union-driven contracts. When workers have the freedom to opt out of membership, unions are in less of a position to control a local labor market. One hopes that more legislatures will become aware that "labor peace" ordinances are less about keeping the peace than about keeping unions satisfied.
Supreme Court Hears Challenge to UNITE HERE-Florida Casino 'Neutrality Agreement'
NLRB Drops Complaint against Boeing; Unions May Be the Real Winner
Motorists Get Big Brake Line Repair Bills as GM Resists Recall
Women's Museum Asked to Rescind Mary Barra Award; GM CEO Made History 'of Wrong Kind'


Imagine – Life, more than existence!
Such a simple but amazing truth!
Absolutely true. I loved the way you actually expressed what you wanted to.
Thank you, I have a great imagination. Thank you for visiting and commenting.
My pleasure. I'll definitely keep following in the future is well.
Thank you, thanks also for your comment.
You have a lot of ink in your pen, you are quite creative!
Stop and listen, fire up the imagination and let a subject come to you.


text:
Claviceps is een geslacht van plantenparasitaire schimmels die tot de familie Clavicipitaceae behoren. Ze tasten de graanvruchten van grassen aan. Er zijn ongeveer 36 soorten schimmels, die tot dit geslacht behoren.

De meeste soorten parasiteren maar één plantengeslacht. Vele soorten komen voor in tropische gebieden op plantensoorten, die tot de onderfamilie Panicoideae behoren. Moederkoorn (Claviceps purpurea) is hierop een uitzondering, omdat deze voorkomt in koudere gebieden en veel verschillende waardplanten, meest uit de onderfamilie Pooideae, heeft.

Deze schimmelsoorten produceren in de sclerotiën ergotalkaloïden. In fermenteerders worden de soorten Claviceps purpurea, Claviceps fusiformis of Claviceps paspali gebruikt voor de productie van het alkaloïde.

Soorten
Enkele soorten zijn:
 Claviceps africana
 Claviceps zizaniae
 Claviceps fusiformis
 Claviceps paspali
 Claviceps purpurea
 Claviceps cynodontis
 Claviceps grohii

Levenscyclus
Als voorbeeld is moederkoorn genomen.

Primaire infectie
De schimmel vormt in de bloeiwijze een sclerotium, het donker gekleurde moederkoorn, dat aan het eind van het groeiseizoen op de grond valt, waar het in winterrust gaat. In de periode mei tot en met juli kunnen op het sclerotium meerdere, bolvormige ascokarpen (kleine paddenstoelen) met peritheciën ontstaan. De paddenstoel heeft een 1,5–3 mm grote hoed met een oker- tot oranjegele kleur en donkere stippen van de peritheciënmondjes. De roodachtig bruine steel van de paddenstoel is 5–15 mm lang en 1-1,5 mm dik. In het perithecium ontstaan talrijke asci met de geslachtelijk gevormde ascosporen. (zie seksuele sporenvorming). Tijdens de bloei van de grassen en granen worden de 50-70 µm lange en 0,6-1 µm dikke ascosporen uitgestoten en door de wind verspreid. Via de stempels van de onbevruchte bloempjes dringen de kiemhyfen van de schimmel het vruchtbeginsel binnen (de primaire infectie). Het mycelium breekt het weefsel van het vruchtbeginsel af en verhindert zo de vorming van een graankorrel. Vervolgens worden conidiën gevormd, waarbij een suikerhoudend sap (lijkend op honingdauw) met daarin de conidiën wordt uitgescheiden. Later wordt dan weer een nieuw sclerotium gevormd.

Secundaire infectie
De ongeslachtelijk gevormde conidiën worden door de wind en insecten verspreid en zorgen voor de secundaire infectie van openbloeiende aartjes, dus vooral bij kruisbevruchtende granen, zoals rogge. Insecten spelen een belangrijke rol bij deze secundaire infectie.

Literatuur
 Vladimir Křen et Ladislav Cvak: Ergot The Genus Claviceps. harwood academic publishers, 1999, S. 71-84, ISBN 90-5702-375-X

Externe links
 https://web.archive.org/web/20150426001212/http://www2.biomed.cas.cz/~pazouto/claviceps.htm
 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304074246/http://www2.biomed.cas.cz/~pazouto/ergotpage.htm

Clavicipitaceae
Plantenziekte
Schimmelgeslacht

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Lufthansa Cargo broadens digitalization efforts with cargo.one investment
Nina Chamlou
Carriers, News, Technology
Lufthansa Cargo is further ramping up its foothold in the tech sphere by increasing its cooperation with Berlin-based software-as-a-service (SaaS) provider, cargo.one. This week, it acquired a minority shareholding in the one-year-old cargo-booking startup.
The platform allows carriers to digitally host and market airfreight capacity to forwarders. To date, some of cargo.one's customers include industry giants Agility, Hellmann and Dachser.
Peter Gerber, CEO of the Lufthansa Group said that the investment is another step toward the company's goal to lead digitalization in the air freight industry. "We are impressed with the technology and user-friendly product," he said. "Our customers' overall experience is now strongly improved by being able to more efficiently book air cargo capacity."
Lufthansa began its relationship with cargo.one in July of this year, following its announcement in March to charge an extra €12 processing fee per transaction for customers that choose not to opt for its electronic air waybills. Such moves are part of the carrier's "strategic commitment to elevating the air cargo industry to a higher level of digital maturity," said Boris Hueske, the head of digital transformation at Lufthansa Cargo.
The German carrier has fostered relationships with other tech startups over the year, including an investment in Fleet Logistics, a Portland, Ore.-based digital marketplace that serves to match carriers with customers, and a cooperation with a California-based accelerator, Plug and Play, which has a focus on supply chain-oriented startups.
"The close cooperation between Lufthansa Cargo and technology startups melds comprehensive air cargo experience with a technology-driven, fresh view of global logistics processes", Hueske said, although the details of Lufthansa's partnerships with the two above-named organizations has not been made explicit.
Those interested in learning more about the digitalization of the air freight industry are invited to join us Cargo Facts EMEA, to be held 4-6 February at The Westin Grand Frankfurt. Register before 14 December to take advantage of early bird rates. To register or for more information, visit www.cargofactsemea.com.
2 - Readers Like This Post
Tagscargo.onedigital freight forwardingdigitalizationLufthansatechnology
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
<?php namespace Api;

use Laravel\Passport\HasApiTokens;
use Illuminate\Auth\Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\CanResetPassword;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\Access\Authorizable;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Authenticatable as AuthenticatableContract;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\Access\Authorizable as AuthorizableContract;
use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\CanResetPassword as CanResetPasswordContract;

class User extends Model implements AuthenticatableContract, AuthorizableContract, CanResetPasswordContract {

    public $timestamps = false;

	use Authenticatable, Authorizable, CanResetPassword, HasApiTokens;

	/**
	 * The database table used by the model.
	 *
	 * @var string
	 */
	protected $table = 'users';

	/**
	 * The attributes that are mass assignable.
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $fillable = ['name', 'email', 'password'];

	/**
	 * The attributes excluded from the model's JSON form.
	 *
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $hidden = ['password', 'remember_token'];

    /*
     * Relationship: StudentScore
     *
     * @return Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
     */
    public function score()
    {
        //TODO: This is surely  not right.
        //TODO: Specify current score based on currently active student track
        return $this->hasOne('Api\StudentScore');
    }

    public function track()
    {
        //TODO: Fix this for specific and current track
        //Student track is really supposed to be a single record
        //but I've found instances where this isn't the case
        //And as such the first record returned is used.
        return $this->hasMany('Api\StudentTrack');
    }

    /*
     * Relationship: School
     *
     * @return Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo
     */
    public function school()
    {
        return $this->belongsTo('Api\School');
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Some of you may know about different types of water or juice fasting, but very few have incorporated a full body, organ specific cleanse.
Scientists have known for years that it is possible to improve the functioning of the immune system. A good immune tonic combines the most powerful herbal immune enhancers the world has to offer and concentrates them to a degree never before seen on the planet.
Pectin, which is a fiber found in beets, can also help clean the toxins that have been removed from the liver, allowing them to be flushed out of the system instead of reabsorbed by the body.


text:
Q: Entries with dates, loop through and make graph for each date I have 700 entries in a multiarray with a date on each.
I have to sort them into the different dates, so the 700 entries, there may only be only 15 unique dates.
The problem is that i do not know if there is 7 or 28 unique dates.
So how do i loop through all the entries and push them into a date specific array and afterwards foreach dates.
I know how to do it in PHP.
It would look something like this:
$dates = array();
foreach($entry in $entries){
    $date = $entry['date'];
    $dates[$date] = $emtry;
}
foreach($day in $dates){
    foreach($entry in $day){
         echo $entry['title'];
    }
}

How do you do that in Javascript?
Because it is not possible to put characters as a array key..

A: JS version would be something like this:
var dates = [];
for (entry in entries){
    date = entry['date'];
    dates[date] = entry;
}
for (day in dates){
    for (entry in day){
         document.writeln (entry['title']);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Masters thesis in Comparative Media Studies, published by Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015.
Advisors: William Uricchio, Kurt Fendt, Ethan Zuckerman. Download from DSpace or check out the blog.
As the pace of publishing and the volume of content rapidly increase on the web, citizen journalism and data journalism have threatened the traditional role of institutional newsmaking. Legacy publishers, as well as digital-native outlets and aggregators, are beginning to adapt to this new news landscape, in part by drawing newfound value from archival stories and reusing older works. However, this trend's potential remains limited by technical challenges and institutional inertia. In this thesis I propose a framework for considering the news institution of the digital era as a linked archive: equal parts news provider and information portal, the linked archive places historical context on the same footing as new content, and emphasizes the journalist's role as news explainer and verifier. Informed by a theoretical, historical, and technical understanding of the web's structural affordances and limitations, and especially by the untapped networking power of the hyperlink, I suggest how publishers can offer an archive-oriented model of structured, sustainable, and scalable journalism. I draw from concepts and lessons learned in library and computer science, such as link analysis, network theory, and polyhierarchy, to offer an archivally-focused journalistic model that can save time for reporters and improve the research and reading process for journalists and audiences alike. This allows for a treatment of news items as part of a dynamic conversation rather than a static box or endless feed, revitalizing the news archive and putting the past in fuller and richer dialogue with the present.


Teaching Negotiation Online: Where Do We Start?
At the May, 2018 Teaching Negotiation Resource Center (TNRC) Faculty Seminar, Professors Lawrence Susskind and Michael Wheeler discussed the pedagogical implications of teaching negotiation online.
In a follow-up to the December, 2017 TNRC Faculty Seminar on Gauging Effectiveness in Teaching Negotiation, Professor Susskind and Professor Wheeler compiled expertise from interviews with colleagues teaching negotiation online, to examine best practices in course design and delivery.
Fully automated with no live element.
Partially synchronous with some live sessions.
Hybrids with online and in-person experiences.
Remote learning entirely on group platforms like Zoom.
For all those format differences, however, teachers' views about assessing student performance were strikingly similar. Specifically, people gave little credence to standard satisfaction surveys after a course ends. The popularity of a subject and the level of student enjoyment of the exercises, it was felt, doesn't necessarily equate with learning, especially in skills-based courses. Also, there was little enthusiasm for exams (whether multiple choice or otherwise) that simply test conceptual understanding. Instead, in assessing students learning, the interviewees gave more weight to various kinds of assignments that ask students to reflect on their experiences in preparing for and during simulations.
Several in this group volunteered that online platforms enable deeper and more extensive reflections (and hence richer data for teachers to access) than does standard journaling. Managing peer feedback also becomes much easier. Compiling continuous data (about each student's experience throughout a course), rather than relying on separate journal entries or stand-alone polls, enables online teachers to ask students to comment on their overall performance from the beginning to the end of a course.
Faculty, in turn, can monitor each student's journey as it unfolds. At a minimum, this allows a teacher to track overall learning and spot content that needs revision (i.e. whenever several students don't understand a key concept or issue at the same time). For courses with live sessions for debriefing exercises and/or that provide tailored feedback for each student, one-stop access to individual and class data can be very valuable for teachers.
Professor Wheeler and Professor Susskind have developed numerous negotiation teaching materials for the TNRC. Check out teaching materials by Michael Wheeler and teaching materials by Lawrence Susskind in the TNRC online store.
TNRC materials are designed for educational purposes. They are used in college classroom settings or corporate training settings; used by mediators and facilitators seeking to introduce their clients to a process or issue; and used by individuals who want to enhance their negotiation skills and knowledge.
Role-play simulations introduce participants to new negotiation and dispute resolution tools, techniques and strategies. Our videos, books, case studies, and periodicals are also a helpful way of introducing viewers to key concepts while addressing the theory and practice of negotiation and conflict management.


He is the Lord our Sanctifier. The banner is gold, representing the purifying fire of God, and white, for His Holiness. In the corner design shows a sense of complete order; the concepts of holiness and perfection are expressed in the combinations of the numbers three and seven. Silver metallic streamers symbolizes the Word of God (Psalm 12:6), which is the instrument by which He carries out the purification of His saints ("Is not my Word like a fire?..." Jer. 23:29). Jesus explains it thus, "Now you are clean through the Word I have spoken to you" (John 15:3).


Well it looks like winter is finally past us, and we can start working outside.
When I first told Mary that I wanted to raise chickens, She replied, "well I want a goat"
We found a place out in Eunice, Louisiana that had 3 baby goats to choose from. It didn't take long for Mary to pick out her new baby.
Next thing, we needed to make was a thingy for Jolie to play on... So we took some old tires that we found on our property.
I then cut the old tires in half.
Jolie is 2 weeks old, and we can come pick her up in 6 weeks. We figure that the chickens will be ready to be taken out of the brooder by that time, and we can start to see some movement out in the back yard.
We will be starting on the coop soon... in fact I need to go out today with a post hole digger while the ground is still damp.


text:
Corpus Christi-area obituaries 03.06.19
The news department publishes Corpus Christi-area obituaries free of charge on a space-available basis as a service to Caller-Times readers.
Corpus Christi-area obituaries 03.06.19 The news department publishes Corpus Christi-area obituaries free of charge on a space-available basis as a service to Caller-Times readers. Check out this story on caller.com: https://www.caller.com/story/life/announcements/obituaries/2019/03/05/corpus-christi-area-obituaries-03-06-19/3067326002/
Meagan Falcon, Corpus Christi Caller Times Published 6:05 p.m. CT March 5, 2019
Obituary notices (Photo: Caller-Times)
Ramona Aguilar
Ramona Aguilar died Feb. 28, 2019. She was 63.
A Celebration of Life service will be at 7 p.m. March 8 at Guardian Funeral Home.
Rosa S. Campos
Rosa S. Campos died March 2, 2019. She was 89.
Mass will be celebrated at 2 p.m. March 7 at St. Anthony's Catholic Church, Robstown. Burial will follow in Memorial Park Cemetery.
Ramon Funeral Home
Armando C. Garza
ROBSTOWN — Armando C. Garza died Feb. 28, 2019. He was 78.
Rosary was recited March 4 at Ramon Funeral Home Chapel. Mass was celebrated March 5 at St. John's Catholic Church. Burial will follow in Memorial Park Cemetery.
Christopher L. Jonas
Christopher Lee Jonas died Feb. 15, 2019. He was 64.
Graveside services will be at 1 p.m. Feb. 26 at Holy Cross Cemetery, San Antonio.
Guardian Funeral Home
Oralia M. Longoria
Oralia M. Longoria died Feb. 13, 2019. She was 89.
Graveside services will be at 10 a.m. March 9 at Memory Gardens Cemetery.
Dennis A. Pool
ROCKPORT — Dennis A. Pool died March 2, 2019. He was 71.
Memorial services will be at 2 p.m. March 9 at Charlie Marshall Funeral Home, Aransas Pass.
Richard A. Rios
Richard Anthony Rios died Feb. 19, 2019. He was 54.
Visitation will from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m. March 6 at Treviño Funeral Home.
Victor T. Serrano
SINTON — Victor Torres Serrano died March 1, 2019. He was 73.
Rosary will be recited at 6 p.m. March 6 at Ritchea-Gonzales Funeral Home. Mass will be celebrated at 9:30 a.m. March 7 at Sacred Heart Catholic Church. Burial will follow in Coastal Bend State Veterans Cemetery.
Salome G. Vera
Salome Garcia Vera died March 2, 2019. He was 67.
A prayer service will be at 7 p.m. March 7 at Treviño Funeral Home. Services will be at 11:30 a.m. March 8 at Treviño Funeral Home. Burial will follow at 1 p.m. March 8 with full military honors at Coastal Bend State Veterans Cemetery.
Maria De Jesus Ortiz Villanueva
Maria De Jesus Ortiz Villanueva died March 3, 2019. She was 88.
Rosary will be recited at 7 p.m. March 6 at Memory Gardens Funeral Home. Services will be at 10 a.m. March 7 at Memory Gardens Funeral Home. Burial will follow in Memory Gardens Cemetery.
Roy E. West
GEORGE WEST — Roy E. West died Feb. 27, 2019. He was 94.
A Celebration of Life service will be at 3 p.m. March 9 at Galloway & Sons Funeral Home chapel. Burial will be private.
Perla M. Yousefirze
BAYTOWN — Perla Moreno Yousefirze died Feb. 19, 2019. She was 60.
Services are private.
Treviño Funeral Home, Beeville
Read or Share this story: https://www.caller.com/story/life/announcements/obituaries/2019/03/05/corpus-christi-area-obituaries-03-06-19/3067326002/
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The 2017 Venice Biennale's Central Pavilion, with a work by Sam Gilliam. Image: Ben Davis.
In less than two months, visitors will begin streaming into the Venice Biennale, an event often described as the art-world Olympics. But as hundreds of thousands of people take in the monumental works by artists from around the world, only a few may stop to wonder: Who actually pays for all this?
The question is the source of increasing concern for a number of players in the art world, including curators, dealers and, above all, artists. Biennials can provide artists a serious valuation and reputation boost—but ambitious new projects also require hundreds of thousands of dollars in production, insurance, and transportation fees, not to mention a lot of time at work in the studio (sometimes as much as a year).
The dynamic creates a complicated financial squeeze, according to interviews with more than 15 artists, curators, and biennial veterans. Some of these rapidly proliferating events, which have popped up everywhere from Honolulu to Oslo over the past 30 years, pay artists nothing to participate. Many offer a fee of just $1,000 or $2,000; the highest sum mentioned was $5,000. Some provide for production and transportation; others rely on artists, or their galleries and collectors, to foot the bill.
What happens behind the scenes—and who pays for it—could very well inform what we end up seeing at these prestigious events, which often help set the agenda for the art world. Some fear that those who can afford to pay—top galleries and private collectors—have the potential to further shift biennials in a commercial direction. At the same time, those who many believe should pay—local governments, arts councils—are contending with smaller and smaller budgets and bigger and bigger ambitions.
In the end, artists are often left holding the bag. "The true fact is that there is something plain wrong about all this," the Mexican artist Jose Dávila says of the biennial economy, a format that has proliferated rapidly worldwide.
"The Venice Biennale for most of the artists invited is a do-it-on-your-own kind of process," says Michael Elmgreen of Elmgreen & Dragset, the artist duo who organized the Danish and Nordic Pavilion at the 2009 Venice Biennale and curated the 2017 Istanbul Biennial.
A visitor looks at a creation by British artist Sarah Lucas at the pavilion of Great Britain during the 56th International Art Exhibition in Venice. AFP Photo / Gabriel Bouys.
In Europe, public funding often accounts for the lion's share of biennial budgets. The Liverpool Biennial, the UK's largest exhibition of this kind, receives public funding from its home city and Arts Council England. The new Oslo Biennial, officially the osloBIENNALEN, which is due to launch in May, is backed by the Norwegian city. And without the taxpayers of Kassel and the State of Hesse, there would be no documenta in Germany every five years.
But these organizations don't cover everything. When it comes to paying for production, shipping, and insurance, only a few biennials provide sufficient financial support. Artists are often expected to fundraise for their own projects. And it is frequently assumed that they have their own studio assistants, who they are able and willing to fly out to help during installation.
"Most biennials are based on the idea that they generate a sort of 'promotion value' for your work, and that this exposure is benefit enough," Elmgreen says.
There are, of course, exceptions. Desert X in the Coachella Valley provided each participating artist in its 2019 edition with $25,000 for production costs and $2,500 for proposals (regardless of whether or not they were accepted), according to artistic director Neville Wakefield. Artists' travel costs for research trips were also covered.
The new Oslo Biennalen is even more generous. Artists receive $3,000 for proposals. They could ultimately receive a total of $17,000 in fees, separate from production costs up, depending on the size and complexity of the work, plus travel, accommodation, and expenses.
The Honolulu Biennial supports artists' travel, research, and production costs, but does not provide an additional fee. The Riga Biennial, which held its inaugural edition last year, gave artists a €2,000 ($2,260) fee for new work, as well as covering travel, accommodation, production on top of that. But arrangements can vary greatly.
Sometimes, artists participate in these exhibitions with little to show for it. Veteran curator Robert Storr, who was the artistic director of the 2007 Venice Biennale, recalls an unnamed artist who participated in one of the European national pavilions that year and went deep into debt to finance her own show.
'The Parthenon of Books' by artist Marta Minujin in Kassel during documenta 14. Photo: Thomas Lohnes/Getty Images.
Whichever way you slice it, these initiatives are expensive. The notoriously over-budget documenta 14, which was held in Athens as well as Kassel, cost €50 million ($56 million). The foundation did not confirm how much of that went to artists and the production of new works, but a spokeswoman says that the 160 exhibiting artists received financial compensation and travel costs. Photographer Moyra Davey, who presented in both Kassel and Athens, said she was well supported. A spokeswoman for the documenta foundation says that "two thirds" of documenta 15's overall budget of €42.3 million ($48 million) is earmarked for the production of art, installation, travel, and fees.
But organizers say it's difficult to keep it all afloat when costs are rising and budgets only remain steady. In a statement, the president of the biennale, Paolo Baratta, complained that the cost of transportation across the Venice lagoon has doubled this year. It has "obliged us to ask for additional support" from what he called "market participants," referring to patrons, galleries, and other sponsors.
These demands aren't always sustainable for dealers, either—especially when the works artists want to make are distinctly non-commercial. "Artists are expected to make a career-changing work that is not always the easiest to place—even if it has been shown in a biennale," notes Malin Ståhl, the co-founder of London's Hollybush Gardens, which represents Charlotte Prodger, who is the Scottish Pavilion's official artist in this year's Venice Biennale.
The German gallerist Johann König, who represents Jeppe Hein, the Danish artist who's among those chosen for this year's main exhibition in Venice, confirms that while the biennial is covering the shipping and installation of Hein's work, "we have to pay for fabrication." He is sympathetic to artists who might have to tone down their ambition—or even decline to participate—because they can't afford production. "Sometimes you wonder what happens with those [artists] who don't have a market," he says.
And even major galleries can no longer offer guaranteed support. "Generally my sense now is that even the larger galleries are tapped out," Neville Wakefield observes.
A girl plays in the fountain 'Appearing Rooms' by Danish artist Jeppe Hein, on the Southbank. Photo by Oli Scarff/Getty Images.
So if galleries, governments, and artists can't afford to fully participate in the biennial economy, who can? Massimiliano Gioni, who served as artistic director of the 2013 Venice Biennale, says that one of his biggest struggles was securing general funding from donors that his curatorial team could use freely to support artists who were not represented by a gallery. As part of his shift, collectors are more frequently underwriting work that they may later acquire.
The Italian philanthropist and collector Patrizia Sandretto Re Rebaudengo says that large-scale exhibitions have always been keen to present new, ambitious productions—and she has been happy to help artists realize them without strings attached. At the 2017 Venice Biennale, her foundation helped fund Alicja Kwade's new sculpture, WeltenLinie, which is now part of Re Rebaudengo's Turin-based collection.
This dynamic also privileges the production of new work over other less glamorous costs associated with biennials. "No one wants to pay for the paper clips, they want to pay for the glory but these things are at a certain level made of paper clips," Wakefield says.
"Artist book" by Daniel Knorr at Documenta 14 in Athens, Greece. Photo by Milos Bicanski/Getty Images.
Despite all these knotty issues, there may be further change afoot. Last year, the Carnegie International became the first such organization to earn certification from W.A.G.E (Working Artists and the Greater Economy), guaranteeing artists a fee of $1,500 aside from production, insurance, and other related costs. "Fees were the same for every artist, regardless of their support structures, career status, or work," says W.A.G.E. co-founder A.L. Steiner. Furthermore, the Whitney Biennial announced it would pay participating artists a $1,500 fee for its upcoming exhibition, a higher sum than it has in the past. Production remains outside the scope of WAGE certification.
Some note that the issues of how and whom to pay—when no one seems to want to compromise—is systemic throughout the art world, not just in biennials. Rafal Niemojewski, the director of the New York-based Biennial Foundation, points out that artists are also frequently asked to self-fund their works for museum group exhibitions.
Plus, he says, it is surprisingly rare for artists to be left completely in the lurch—though he recalls a "difficult" Moscow biennial when "a bunch of artists didn't get paid at all" after "they invested a lot of money for production and shipping." He urges artists to make sure they have a contract, and if they do, to read it thoroughly.
Part of the problem in the end, notes experienced biennial curator Lewis Biggs, stems from the organizer's and curator's visions, "which by their nature [are] more ambitious than their circumstances allow." But in the end, artists and curators can often pull off miracles on a shoestring.
Unlike in a museum, where the artists and curators are quite high up in the power hierarchy, "in the real world" of biennials, "they are somewhere near the bottom," Biggs notes. In these circumstances, he says, it is important for the curator to be honest with artists they invite to take part.


Want more OHV riding opportunities while in Rio Blanco County? Enjoy the Wagon Wheel Trails in Rangely during the Rangely OHV Adventure Rally held during SeptemberFest. Rio Blanco County, the Rangely Chamber of Commerce, Western Rio Blanco Metropolitan Recreation & Park District, and local members of the Wagon Wheel OHV Club work together to make this event enjoyable for visitors and locals alike. This event draws riders for Colorado and Utah to take ad-vantage of the OHV friendly community. If there is not an event scheduled during your visit, enjoy exploring the hundreds of miles of roads and trails in western Rio Blanco County and remember to be a responsible user of our public lands.


text:
459 State Route 36 Port Monmouth, NJ
Contact an Agent | Speak With an Agent 732-747-5575
Type: Retail/Office
Sqft: 1 Acre
Address: 459 State Route 36
City: Port Monmouth
One acre with a 10,000 (+-) square foot cinderblock and steel commercial building.
The commercial building is a two story retail/office/warehouse on grade approximately 57 feet wide by 144 feet in depth.
The warehouse is located in the rear of the building and has one 10 x 11 overhead door.
The front of the building has two retail spaces, each with their own entrance.
The second story of the building features 1,800 (+-) square feet of office space.
The site has 100 feet of highway exposure and average annual daily traffic exposure of 33,000 automobiles.
This site is perfect for any of the following; retail strip center with offices and or apartments above, condominium project, or a medically approved office building.


text:
Congress Enacts Changes to PPP to Give Businesses More Flexibility
Client Alerts/Reports June 2020
In an extremely rare bit of bipartisanship in Congress, the Senate in a voice vote on June 3 passed the House version of the Paycheck Protection Program Flexibility Act of 2020—without changes. The act passed the House on a nearly unanimous vote of 417-1. The bill is headed to the president's desk for signature, and he is expected to sign it.
The act makes a number of sought-after changes to the Paycheck Protection Program (PPP), most significantly:
The "covered period"—the period of time in which the loan proceeds used to pay for payroll and other specific costs are eligible for forgiveness, currently set at eight weeks from the date of disbursement of the loan—is extended to the earlier of 24 weeks from the date of disbursement of the loan or Dec. 31, 2020. A borrower with an existing loan can elect to retain the current eight-week covered period.
The percentage of PPP funds that must be used for payroll costs is reduced from 75% to 60%. The 75% threshold was not in the original PPP but was set by the Small Business Administration (SBA). The 60% threshold is now incorporated into the statute, overriding prior SBA guidance and rules.
Due to concerns about businesses being able to fully reopen and the willingness of employees to return, the amount of any loan forgiveness is calculated without regard to the reduction of full-time-equivalent (FTE) employees if the borrower, in good faith, is able to document one of the following:
Both an inability to rehire individuals who were employees of the eligible recipient on Feb. 15, 2020, and an inability to hire similarly qualified employees for unfilled positions on or before Dec. 31, 2020.
An inability to return to the same level of business activity the business was operating at before Feb. 15, 2020, due to compliance with COVID-19-related sanitation, safety or social distancing requirements established, or guidance issued, by the Department of Health & Human Services, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) or the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
The act also:
Extends the term of PPP loans to up to five years. This provision expressly applies only to loans made after the effective date of the act, but borrowers and lenders can modify their existing loans by mutual agreement.
Changes the deferral period from six months to one year.
Sets the time period in which a borrower can apply for forgiveness at 10 months from the end of the borrower's covered period.
Removes an existing exclusion (Section 2302(a)(3) of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act), so that borrowers that have their PPP loans forgiven are able to delay the payment of employer payroll taxes, as other employers can.
The changes in the act are a relief to many borrowers who were facing the possibility of not being able to use PPP proceeds within the original eight-week covered period due to extended closures. As the act is implemented, further clarifications, particularly with respect to the forgiveness mechanism, likely will be required, and will be implemented through SBA FAQs or interim final rules. At present, no further legislative changes to the PPP are expected.
Click here to download a PDF of the full alert.
Client Alerts/Reports California Commercial Financial Law Regulations About to Take Effect—What You Need to Know
Client Alerts/Reports FinReg Round-Up Vol 3, No 5
Client Alerts/Reports Second Circuit Reverses Ruling, Says Mistaken $500 Million Wire Transfer Paying Off Revlon Loan Must Be Returned
Firm Produced COVID-19 Accelerates Financial Technology Innovation


text:
Phylogenetic structure of the prokaryotic domain: The primary kingdoms
Carl R. Woese and George E. Fox
PNAS November 1, 1977 74 (11) 5088-5090; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.74.11.5088
See companion article:
Microbial inheritance and complex diseases
Familial hypercholesterolemia: Defective binding of lipoproteins to cultured fibroblasts associated with impaired regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase activity
Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein
PNAS March 1, 1974 71 (3) 788-792; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.71.3.788
Dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase in caudate nucleus of rat brain, and its similarity to the "dopamine receptor"
John W. Kebabian, Gary L. Petzold, and Paul Greengard
PNAS August 1, 1972 69 (8) 2145-2149; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.69.8.2145
Specific cleavage of simian virus 40 DNA by restriction endonuclease of Hemophilus influenzae
Kathleen Danna and Daniel Nathans
PNAS December 1, 1971 68 (12) 2913-2917; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.68.12.2913
Destruction of the sympathetic ganglia in mammals by an antiserum to a nerve-growth protein
Rita Levi-Montalcini and Barbara Booker
Rita Levi-Montalcini: Neuroscientist par excellence
The replication of DNA in Escherichia coli
Matthew Meselson and Franklin W. Stahl
PNAS July 15, 1958 44 (7) 671-682; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.44.7.671
Transplantation of living nuclei from blastula cells into enucleated frogs' eggs
Robert Briggs and Thomas J. King
PNAS May 1, 1952 38 (5) 455-463; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.38.5.455
On the Green's functions of quantized fields. I
Julian Schwinger
PNAS July 1, 1951 37 (7) 452-455; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.37.7.452
On the Green's functions of quantized fields. II
The structure of proteins: Two hydrogen-bonded helical configurations of the polypeptide chain
Linus Pauling, Robert B. Corey, and H. R. Branson
PNAS April 1, 1951 37 (4) 205-211; https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.37.4.205


text:
package monk.solemn.kutils.objects;

import java.util.List;

public class Site extends Entity {
	private List<Site> sites;
	private List<Search> searches;
	private List<Channel> channels;
	private List<Bundle> bundles;
	private List<Item> items;

	public Site(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}

	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Site [sites=" + sites + ", searches=" + searches + ", channels=" + channels + ", bundles=" + bundles
				+ ", items=" + items + ", id=" + id + "]";
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		final int prime = 31;
		int result = super.hashCode();
		result = prime * result + ((bundles == null) ? 0 : bundles.hashCode());
		result = prime * result + ((channels == null) ? 0 : channels.hashCode());
		result = prime * result + ((items == null) ? 0 : items.hashCode());
		result = prime * result + ((searches == null) ? 0 : searches.hashCode());
		result = prime * result + ((sites == null) ? 0 : sites.hashCode());
		return result;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj) {
		if (this == obj)
			return true;
		if (!super.equals(obj))
			return false;
		if (getClass() != obj.getClass())
			return false;
		Site other = (Site) obj;
		if (bundles == null) {
			if (other.bundles != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!bundles.equals(other.bundles))
			return false;
		if (channels == null) {
			if (other.channels != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!channels.equals(other.channels))
			return false;
		if (items == null) {
			if (other.items != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!items.equals(other.items))
			return false;
		if (searches == null) {
			if (other.searches != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!searches.equals(other.searches))
			return false;
		if (sites == null) {
			if (other.sites != null)
				return false;
		} else if (!sites.equals(other.sites))
			return false;
		return true;
	}

	public List<Site> getSites() {
		return sites;
	}

	public void setSites(List<Site> sites) {
		this.sites = sites;
	}

	public List<Search> getSearches() {
		return searches;
	}

	public void setSearches(List<Search> searches) {
		this.searches = searches;
	}

	public List<Channel> getChannels() {
		return channels;
	}

	public void setChannels(List<Channel> channels) {
		this.channels = channels;
	}

	public List<Bundle> getBundles() {
		return bundles;
	}

	public void setBundles(List<Bundle> bundles) {
		this.bundles = bundles;
	}

	public List<Item> getItems() {
		return items;
	}

	public void setItems(List<Item> items) {
		this.items = items;
	}
}


A subsidiary of Manila Water Co. Inc. in Indonesia has acquired a 20-percent stake in bulk water firm PT Sarana Tirta Ungaran (STU) for P40 million.
Manila Water said in a regulatory filing that the transaction, valued at 10 billion rupiah, covered the purchase by PT Manila Water Indonesia of 4,478 shares of PT STU. This was paid with internally generated funds.
A bulk water supply company, PT STU serves the water utility PDAM Kabupaten Semarang, in the Regency of Semarang. A regency—kabupaten —is a subprovincial administrative entity in Indonesia.
It also provides services to industrial customers in Bawen in the capital Ungaran area of Semarang, Central Java.
With a supply of 21.5 million liters per day, PT STU's customers include textile and garment manufacturing firm PT APAC Inti Corpora.
"This expands our footprint in Indonesia, after the successful conclusion of our showcase leakage reduction project in Bandung in 2017," said Perry Rivera, president of Manila Water Asia Pacific.
Manila Water's Indonesia deal came after the signing last month of an agreement on the purchase of an 18.72-percent stake in East Water Resources Development and Management PCL in Thailand.


text:
Bath Salt "Epidemic" Overhyped
Bath salt use shown to be lower than many other drugs
(RxWiki News) There have been exaggerations about the so-called "bath salt epidemic." It turns out that the use of heroin is more common than that of bath salts among college kids, but both are rare.
A recent study surveyed a group of college students to see how many people had actually been using the street drug known as "bath salts."
The researchers found that despite media attention, the use of bath salts among the students was around 1 percent.
"Don't use bath salts."
John M. Stogner, PhD, assistant professor in the Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, was the lead author of this study of college students' use of bath salts.
Bath salts contain synthetic cathinones, which work like a stimulant in the brain. Until 2011, synthetic cathinones were sold legally in convenience stores and online in the US.
According to the authors, previous reports linked suicide and homicide to bath salt use. Even bizarre and shocking behaviors such as self-surgery, cannibalism and bestiality, were also linked to the use of bath salts. These reports sparked a minor panic over bath salts in the US.
The study authors mentioned the following fear mongering headlines in the media: "Bath salt abuse hits epidemic proportions," "has exploded," and "runs rampant."
The study authors suggested that this media coverage might have been skewed as poison control centers only reported around 600 incidents per month involving bath salts when use was still legal and peaked in 2011.
For this study, the researchers surveyed 2,349 students at a large Southeastern university in the US in 2012.
The researchers found that only 25 students, or 1 percent of the group, had ever used bath salts. Only 13 of those 25 students had used bath salts in the past year. And only 3 students said they had used bath salts more than once in a month.
The students reported using 16 different types of substances, including alcohol and tobacco, the least of which was bath salts. More students had used heroin or methamphetamines than bath salts.
Marijuana use was reported by 58 percent of students and cocaine use was reported by 9 percent of students.
Of the 25 students who had used bath salts, 19 were male and 14 were white.
The authors classified the use of bath salts as 'rare' among young adults.
"The media attention on synthetic cathinones (bath salts) appears to be disproportionate to its use in the USA," the study authors wrote.
The US Navy has launched an aggressive campaign, employing dramatic scare tactics, against the use of bath salts.
"Given our findings, we question whether these resources may be misplaced," the authors wrote.
The researchers recommended future large scale studies on the use of bath salts in the US to "...further assess the real extent of the danger synthetic cathinone use poses."
This study was published in May in Drug and Alcohol Review.
The authors listed no outside funding sources. No conflicts of interest were declared.
Mental Health Addictions Drug Addiction
Joseph V. Madia, MD
Drug and Alcohol Review, "Investigating the 'bath salt' panic: The rarity of synthetic cathinone use among students in the United States"
The Hidden Salt in Your Diet
Millions of Youth Reportedly Use Tobacco
How to Eat More Healthy Fats
Protect Your Heart Without Drugs
Drug & Alcohol Related Birth Defects
Easy Steps to Heart Health
5 Nicotine Replacement Therapies
Celebrities Who Have Overcome Addiction
Drug addiction is a complex illness characterized by intense and, at times, uncontrollable craving for a drug, as well as compulsive drug seeking and use that persist even in the face of devastating consequences. The path to drug addiction...
More about Drug Addiction
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SuboxoneZubsolvCampralDisulfiramAcamprosateFlumazenilSubutexAntabuseRomaziconBunavail


I have watched Mel Gibson's The Passion every Good Friday since it came out in the theaters. It has become somewhat of a yearly tradition for me.
I know there are a lot of discussions about whether the film paints Jewish people or Roman people in a bad light, but I try and put that debate aside and enjoy the film as a way to spend time with Jesus. To me, the film helps me connect with what Good Friday is all about - Jesus suffering for our sins. And on this topic, Mel scores a 10 in my book.
The film is dark, depressing, and painful. And this is exactly what a movie about Christ's suffering should be. There is a 10 minute clip - where the Roman guards are whipping and beating Jesus - that is excruciating to watch. There is one part in particular where it seems like they can not beat him any more ... and then they roll him over and continue to torture him. It makes me sick to my stomach - and that is exactly the way I want to feel on Good Friday.
But He endured it all. He endured for me, and for you, and for everyone else who will follow Him.
Thank you, Jesus, for suffering so greatly for our sins. May we never forget your Sacrifice.
I hope you all have a very Spiritual Good Friday.
I also like to watch this movie on Good Friday to.
I was telling my husband what a good movie this is. He said, "How could you say it is good?" But it was good in the sense like how you described here in your post. It's a good movie because it shows humankind how much the Lord suffered for us. And as hard and difficutlt it is to watch some of the parts in the movie, I want to watch it because I want to try and grasp the reality of Christ's suffering. I know that I will probably never truely grasp the understanding of the Lord's passion, but hopefully with the help of the Holy Spirit, I will be able to get a sense of Christ's real passion. Good post.
I must confess...I still have a very hard time watching The Passion. It just breaks my heart.
I cannot imagine what it must have been like for Our Lady to see Him suffering and know she couldn't do anything to stop His agony.
Thank you for encouraging all of your readers to reflect on Good Friday in its excruciating entirety.
I also watch the passion every year. It is very unsettling but it's supposed to be.


text:
Q: characters in json response breaks jquery text() I'm receiving various strings from an api using . I have been stripping the html from these strings as follows:
var comb = $(qu1[i].title + qu1[i].content).text()

I have encountered a problem with strings like this: San Diego Zoo's Animal Bytes:, which returns a syntax error. I'm not sure why jquery is having a problem with this string.
Any idea how I can handle this?

A: Because it is not a selector, and newer versions of jQuery (1.9+) no longer parse html strings that do not start with <. Try:
var comb = $('<div>').append($.parseHTML(qu1[i].title + qu1[i].content)).text();

$.parseHTML is available in jQuery 1.8+ and helps preventing XSS (this does not strip all JS, only script tags. onevent attributes are kept). Though, if the source is trustworthy you can append the html directly. I prefer to be on the safer side. =]
Basically, the code creates an element (div) on the fly and appends the cleanly parsed markup then retrieves its text presentation. I can't claim originality though, similar approaches are shown at How to decode HTML entities using jQuery? and many other threads.
As no references are kept to the div element nor its wrapper jQuery object, these will be collected by the GC very fast.
Reference:
jQuery Core 1.9 Upgrade Guide - jQuery(htmlString) versus jQuery(selectorString)


The present study was undertaken to evaluate the most suitable concentration of growth regulators for callus induction and subsequent organogenesis in Abutilon indium (L.) Sweet (Malvaceae) leaf, stem and seed explants. Since the plant has a lot of medicinal importance, it was subjected to culture in vitro. Kinetin for seeds, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), benzyl amino purine (BAP), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) for leaf as well as BAP and kinetin for stem were the growth regulators used at different concentrations individually. Results showed that growth regulators at different combinations on subculture resulted in the regeneration of shoots. The excised shoots were transferred to liquid medium for in vitro rhizogenesis and plantlets were acclimatized in the laboratory conditions before they were transferred to garden soil. Histologically, callus sections were with active centres, embryoids and multiple shoot buds. Cytological variations such as multinucleate, chromosome bridges, polyploidy and tracheary elements were noticed in callus cells. The regenerated plants were morphologically and cytologically similar to the in vivo plants.
Key words: Embryoids, multiple shoot buds, multinucleate, polyploidy, Malvaceae.


text:
Mikael Hasan oglu Rafili (en , en    Mikayıl Həsən oğlu Rəfili), né le  dans le village de Borsunlu, actuellement dans le raïon de Goranboy en Azerbaïdjan, mort le , à Bakou, est un poète azerbaïdjanais et soviétique, historien de la littérature et critique littéraire, docteur ès lettres (1947) .

Biographie
Mikael Rafili est né en 1905 dans le village de  Borsunlu, dans le gouvernement d'Elizavetpol. Il est diplômé de l'Université d'État de Moscou en 1930.

Adepte du vers libre dans son œuvre poétique, il publie les recueils Fenêtre  (,1929), Une nouvelle histoire (, 1934), Grue (,1936).

Il traduit les œuvres de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Honoré de Balzac, Léon Tolstoï, Victor Hugo, Émile Verhaeren Vladimir Maïakovski, Alexandre Blok.

Son œuvre d'historien de la littérature est consacrée notamment à Nizami , Fuzûlî , Mirza Fatali Akhundov. Il publie en 1958 un manuel, Introduction à la théorie de la littérature (). Il est également l'auteur de plusieurs articles sur l'histoire de la littérature occidentale, et d'ouvrages sur Vladimir Maïakovski, Maxime Gorki, ou Alexandre Serafimovitch.

En 1936, il soutint sa thèse sur Les occidentalisants turcs. Contribution à la question des influences russes et occidentales sur la littérature azerbaïdjanaise dans la première moitié du .

Il est arrêté en 1937, et exclu de l'Union des écrivains de l'Azerbaïdjan le  pour . Il est accusé d'avoir participé au centre uni pansoviétique (), qui aurait été créé en 1934 et dirigé par . Il a été libéré en 1939 et réintégré au sein de l'Union des écrivains.

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
.
?
.

Liens externes
.
.

Poète azéri du XXe siècle
Poète soviétique
Écrivain azéri du XXe siècle
Critique littéraire azéri
Étudiant de l'université d'État de Moscou
Récipiendaire de l'ordre de l'Insigne d'honneur
Décès à Bakou
Décès en avril 1958
Naissance en avril 1905


text:
The 2010s: The Worst Decade Of My Life
As we finish up 2019 I have gotten into a nostalgic mood (not that I'm ever in any other kind of mood) and have started talking stock of the past decade. As I am 42 years old, I have lived in 5 different decades, the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. Naturally, I have no memories whatsoever of the 1970s, as my earliest defined memory would be my birthday in 1981, and my memories of it are foggy and disconnected, to say the least.
The 1980s, of course, were my "growing up" decade and I did love that era. The movies, the music, the cartoons, the toys, everything about the 1980s was incredible.
The 1990s, on the other hand, were my "grown up" decade. And still my favorite decade of my life. The 1990s began when I was in junior high, covered high school and college and really helped me to establish who I am today. The 1990s were the best.
The 2000s are kind of a mixed bag, and I would split it in half right down the middle. The first half, from 2000 to mid-2005, was great, right on par with the 1990s, or maybe just a notch below, but great, to say the least. The second half, from mid-2005 through 2009, was not. It was pretty unhappy. Not miserable, but a long way from pleasant. I have come to realize that my life took a nosedive after I began using the internet, which I started using in March 2005. At first I used it strictly for baseball info and downloading rosters, wallpapers and video game information. But once I started meeting people, it was all downhill.
That brings us to the 2010s. Without question, the worst decade of my life. Bar none. It's not even close. The number of enjoyable things that happened to me in the 2010s I could probably count on one hand and have fingers left over. Truly the pits.
I was going to take a year-by-year look at the decade, but so many of the years run together because the misery stretched so far. I'm not saying it was a total loss, 2010 was the best year of the decade by far (until I hit November) and 2019 was a close second, but neither of those years would hold a candle to anything out of the 1980s or 1990s.
Being a generally happy guy, it's difficult to look back and see how bad the 2010s really were, but there was nothing of any redeeming value in this decade for me. Oh, there were positives, don't misunderstand. I'm not saying it was a 100% unsatisfactory decade, even in the worst years. But overall, I'd give the decade an "F" on a grading scale.
A warning in advance, most of this retrospective is going to be lacking in details. This is not because I can't remember or because I don't want to embarrass anyone. Quite the contrary, I choose to not remember some of the details because I don't want to embarrass myself for having made such stupid decisions during this time period. So those details are lost to time.
The year 2010 opened with me in hot pursuit of a woman I had met on MySpace and within the first week I had completely blown that to kingdom come. The woman in question lived about an hour away and had four kids (which would break all kinds of rules I would set for myself later in the year) but she was beautiful and I really wanted to get with her. My refusal to sell out some friends of mine lead to our abrupt demise as a potential couple.
It turned out she was right in the long run, I should have eliminated those friends, both female. I ended up fooling around with one a couple of weeks later in spite of knowing that she was married. The other would cause me problems later in the year, but what's done is (or was) done and I decided then that I was not going to get in a relationship in 2010. No matter who or what came along. As you'll see, that wasn't to be the case at all.
I started flying the flag of "social dating," a concept I liked and a phrase I had coined at some point in the spring of 2010. Meet a girl, go out, have a nice time, go with the flow and let whatever happens happen, and then move onto the next one. Don't date to find a relationship, date to have a good time. This was to take all the dramatics out of the equation because there would be no relationship and no one would "belong" to anyone else.
That all worked fine until June when I let a girl catch me who had chased me for around four years. She lived about an hour away and we only got to hang out together three times in the month that we were a couple, but even then I felt like I was a prisoner, I couldn't do what I wanted, when I wanted, because there was someone else in the equation now. So I gave her an ultimatum in July, open relationship or no relationship and she chose none.
It was around this time that I created "the list," which was a checklist of prerequisites for any woman I would take an interest in dating. This didn't apply to hookups or one night stands, this was strictly related to being in an actual relationship. My rules list included no children, the woman in question would have to live within a certain distance, had to be financially secure on some level, have a working car, just something to kind of separate the garbage from the actual legitimate options. Not that it would matter in the long run.
In June I closed my MySpace account, which was jarring in many ways. A woman I had dated in the late 2000s once begged me to close our social media accounts and I told her, point blank, "I will never close my MySpace account." Less than two years later, it was gone. I also opened a new Facebook account and kind of reorganized my life at that point.
The next three months were similar to the "social dating" era, and much happier for me.
Then, in November, I made the mistake that not only ruined the decade but nearly ruined my entire life. A mammoth mistake I will probably hold against myself forever. This mistake doesn't need to be delved into, just suffice to say a situation was presented to me with a number of options and I made the worst possible choice and it has haunted me since.
While 2010 was a decent year, all things considered, 2011 was a bad year, though it was far from the worst. There were some good happenings, for instance I bought my first iPod in 2011, and a stereo with a docking station to go with it. I also found my backward-compatible PlayStation 3 which allowed me to play PlayStation 2 games on it, toward the end of 2011. So there were some good parts to 2011, I'll admit.
On the flip side came 2012, probably the second-worst year of the decade for me.
A near-mistake in August 2012 could have been the fatal mistake of my life, but God was looking out for me and thanks to luck or karma or something, that mistake didn't happen. And by December, I had actually managed to work myself out of the mistake I had made in November 2010. Things were starting to look up, and I started feeling happy again.
As 2013 turned over, though, things took a drastic turn for the worse before January was over. I allowed myself to get talked into the same bad mistake I had made in November 2010. Only this time, it was going to be even worse and my life was at stake this time.
February 2013. I was told I was going to be a father. I had my doubts, given circumstances surrounding the pregnancy and whom I was dealing with, that lasted the duration of the pregnancy. But would certainly come to question it more extensively in later years.
In May 2013, my tabby cat, Bubbles, passed away. My plan had always been to string myself up when he passed so that we could both be cremated and our ashes preserved together. But now that I had a child on the way, that took the steam out of my demise.
Bubbles was 18 years old, and he passed when I was 36, meaning he was part of half of my life. For a good portion of that time, he was all that I had. I loved him unconditionally. And when he passed, and I needed, for once in my life, some emotional support, I got it from my best friend. A big part of me died along with Bubbles that day. Maybe all of me should have.
My son was born on October 22, 2013, and I had no doubt he was mine, based on comparisons of his baby picture to mine and the bond began to form, but I still ordered an online DNA test, I would swab my mouth as well as the baby's and then we would send the swabs to the lab and the results would be mailed to us in a matter of weeks.
I had not signed his birth certificate, not because I had doubts to that extent at that time, but because I was deathly sick at the time. I had pneumonia and a temperature that reached 103 degrees. I was told I couldn't be near him with a fever like that and I was mostly bedridden anyway, weak and going between extreme sweats and freezing to death.
The DNA test results arrived several weeks later in the mail, and I was not on hand for the opening of the envelope, I simply received a text message with a picture of the supposed "results" that could have been doctored in any number of ways, and this was supposed to prove something, which it didn't. It just furthered my distrust for the whole situation.
The next four years (2014-17) kind of blur together. I loved my son and felt a feeling I had only felt for Bubbles previously, that of complete, unconditional love. He was daddy's boy, if his mom was going somewhere and I was staying home, he wanted to stay with me. If I was leaving and his mom was staying home, "I go with my dad." We had a bond I wish my dad had felt with me. I introduced him to things kids his age would never have been aware of because I grew up with them, like Pac-Man and Q-Bert. I bought him a PlayStation 4, and gave him a PlayStation 3 so we could play Ghostbusters and Lego Batman games.
My son was, by far, the best part of the decade of the 2010s. I just wanted to take him away from the people he was with and bring him to my house, where he belonged. His birthright. I never lived with his mother, and would have rather died first and nearly did. I just wanted my son, to make sure he was raised in a good home and wanted for nothing. That was all I ever wanted. I definitely did not, in any way, want anything to do with anyone else connected to the situation and, in fact, wanted away from them as quickly as it could be arranged.
In 2014, I bought my first flatscreen HDTV. By 2016, I had populated my house with them. In 2015, I bought my PlayStation 4, because I was afraid the MLB The Show series was going to be PS4 exclusive. I was a year or two off, but glad I went ahead and upgraded.
One of the biggest happenings for me in the 2010s came in late 2014, when AC/DC released a new album, "Rock Or Bust," their first studio album since 2008. Definite high point at a time when high points were so few and far between that I was almost devoid of feelings.
My Jeep was involved in an accident in 2015, as I was driving a back road some punk kid in a sports car hit me head on and totaled my Jeep, which I had since 2001. I took the insurance settlement and had the Jeep repaired because my mission was to put 250,000 miles on it and at that point I was about 20,000 miles short and I wasn't giving up that easily.
My mom had a heart attack on November 5, 2015. She was getting ready to go to a hair appointment and she ended up flat on her back in her recliner and my dad took her to the emergency room. A couple of hours later I got a phone call, that she had a heart attack. She was in the hospital for a little over a week and while she was in there, it was discovered that she had a cancerous lesion on her colon, so after a few weeks at home to recover from the heart attack (and subsequent insertion of stents) she was back in the hospital again for the removal of a couple of feet of colon that included the cancerous area.
My mom was always very youthful in spite of her age (she was 44 when I was born) and I can remember back in the late 1990s and early 2000s taking her to the grocery store and to places like Walmart, Ames and Kmart. At the time, Ames had a special on Tuesday's, anyone over 55 got 10% off their purchases. Mom was routinely carded because even though she was pushing 65, she didn't look it. I can honestly say she has aged 30 years in the past five, and her mental capacity has dropped beyond anything I could have ever imagined.
By 2017 my misery was overcoming the good in my life. I sat in my room one night in April and stared at 60 "ZzzQuil" sleeping capsules and a full bottle of Jack Daniel's whiskey. I worked through the pros and cons of death. Physically and emotionally and mentally I was a mess. My hair was falling out, I had stomach ulcers, I couldn't sleep, I was stress eating and had gained 80 pounds in about three years, my eyes were constantly twitching, I was sick almost all the time due to my immune system not firing on all cylinders, and finally I was diagnosed with migraine headaches. That was it.
My love for my son turned out to be stronger than my longing for the grave, thank God.
Malcolm Young, rhythm guitarist of AC/DC and my favorite band for decades, passed away in November 2017, casting more of a shadow on an already awful and miserable year.
I struggled through the summer and fall of 2017, trying to find a way out. One was found for me. And it presented me with the most difficult situation I would face the entire decade.
An attempt was made to file charges against me in December 2017 that could have lead to a lengthy prison sentence. And I fought those false charges tooth and nail, no matter what was thrown at me. For the better part of a month I didn't know if I would live to see another sunrise. But I was not going to be beaten, and in the end, I was cleared of all charges. But the decision to not sign my son's birth certificate came back to bite me at this point, as in family court, in January 2018, the judge announced that there would need to be a DNA test (an "official" one administered by the state) and a parenting plan for my son.
This didn't happen, no paternity test was ever done. That spoke volumes, all I needed to know. My questions about the eagerness to open the 2013 DNA test without me there to see it and quickly sweep that under the rug suddenly made a lot of sense to me. So, I had lost my son, or what I was told and thought to be my son. I couldn't do anything, I had no parental rights whatsoever since I hadn't signed the birth certificate.
At worst, I had lost my boy. At best, I was out of a miserable, deadly situation I never should have been in to begin with, had I just used common sense way back in November 2010.
I took advantage of my newfound freedom in 2018 and tried to do a complete life overhaul. New TVs, new stereos, a new PC, a new cell phone, I upgraded everything I could think of, right down to a brand-new desk chair and recliner and stand for my new TV. I did not, however, do as I had in 2012 and start new social networking sites. I wish I had. I met a number of women in 2018, all of whom would show themselves to be flakes or liars or something almost as low as the garbage I had left in my rear-view mirror. But not quite. I was ghosted or lied to or lead on by a number of women and finally just stopped altogether, I decided in November 2018 that I was not going to date anyone for at least one year.
While discussing it, I told a friend that 2018 was no better than 2017 or 2016 or 2015, it just had a different cast of characters in it. And I knew that needed to change in 2019.
I made the final major change of my life this year, I bought a new Jeep. I sent my old one to the scrapheap 18 years after buying it and with almost 257,000 miles on it. My new Jeep is an upgrade in every way, and a good symbol of where I want things to go in the future.
While 2019 has been far superior to every year back to 2010, it has still been a clusterfuck in many ways and I'll be glad to see it, and this decade, come to an end. I hate it.
In 2019, I was placed in Facebook jail four times for mundane memes I posted and am now locked out until December 18. None would have been found to be "offensive" in any other medium short of a church bulletin, but that doesn't matter. This put a major roadblock in front of my decision to start all new social networking pages. I still may do that, in fact, I would like to start a new Facebook account and simply update the screen name and URL of my other social networking accounts. The problem comes in here, with my blog, which uses the JasonConnor612 URL, which I also use on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, etc.
So, as I close up the final five weeks of 2019, I have high hopes for the 2020s. There will clearly be some bad times coming up, I don't see any way my elderly mother (or father, for that matter) will live through the next decade, as my mother is 85 (86 in January) and my father is 81 (82 in September). That's just something I'll have to deal with when the time comes and I'm hopeful I have the good fortune to live to a ripe old age as well. But I'm hopeful the good times in the 2020s will outweigh the bad, unlike the horrible 2010s.
I always try to see the positive side of things, and in this case the only positive I can come up with is I've almost lived through the 2010s, in spite of twice pondering suicide and dealing with health problems brought on by stress that could have easily killed me. I always say that everything happens for a reason, and I'm still standing today for a reason I don't know.
In closing, here's to a bright and happy future and a whole new era in my life. God bless.
This entry was posted in #truth, 2010, 2019, 2020, Autobiography, Cheating, Dating, Forgetting The Past, Honesty, Life, Memoirs, Memories, New Year, Social Networking, The Future, Uncategorized by Jason J. Connor. Bookmark the permalink.
3 thoughts on "The 2010s: The Worst Decade Of My Life"
Stella on November 29, 2019 at 12:35 AM said:
You've had a time Jason.:/ I sowwy
Jason J. Connor on November 29, 2019 at 12:36 AM said:
Thanks, sweetheart. I have very high hopes for the 2020s. 🙂
I do too! At least for you!:)


When I think about family meals, I find myself being truly grateful that my parents and siblings and I always ate at the table, together. My parents would cook, we would set the table, get our drinks, and then it would just be us and our meal. There was never any radio or TV or smart phone to distract us. Sunday mornings were especially nice: my parents would sometimes cook what I would now consider to be an extravagant breakfast consisting of eggs and sausages and pancakes, etc. Or, we would stop at Dunkin Donuts on the way home from church and have a junky breakfast together.
Fast forward to today. I woke up alone and wanting something comforting but healthy and easy for breakfast. This meal using items I always have in my kitchen met my criteria and was perfectly satisfying! It's also a great meal for kids.
Toast or bake the waffle according to the directions on the box.
Spread the peanut butter on the waffle.
Put it all on a plate.


In deciding to convert its material handling fleet from internal combustion to a cleaner technology, Coca-Cola Consolidated considered several options. Batteries would allow the company to move to electric lift trucks, but the battery-charging equipment and infrastructure would consume valuable facility space. Batteries also mean operator downtime and decreased productivity, as time is spent changing and charging the power sources.
With the Plug Power GenDrive fuel cell, forklift operators are able to run equipment at full speed for an entire shift, maximizing efficiency. Compact hydrogen fueling stations are conveniently located throughout the facility, allowing for easy refueling. Successful product demonstrations under rigorous conditions proved GenDrive as a commercially viable power alternative for Coca Cola Consolidated's high-throughput operations.


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Protocol for Handling Concussions & Head Injuries
Exclusion from Play
Any player, who during a practice or competition, sustains a head injury or suspected concussion, or exhibits signs and symptoms of a concussion, or loses consciousness, even briefly, shall be removed from the practice or competition immediately and may not return to the practice or competition that day.
The coach shall communicate the nature of the injury directly to the parent in person or by phone immediately after the practice or competition in which a player has been removed from play for a head injury, suspected concussion, signs and symptoms of a concussion, or loss of consciousness.
Medical Clearance and Re-Entry Plan
Each player who is removed from practice or competition and subsequently diagnosed with a concussion shall not return to practice or competition unless and until the player provides medical clearance and authorization. The ultimate return to play decision is a medical decision that may involve a multidisciplinary approach, including consultation with parents, medical practitioners, and coaches as appropriate.
Graduated Return to Play
Once it has been determined by a medical professional that an athlete is cleared to return to play, a gradual progression for return to play may begin. The stages of gradual progression are as follows, as defined by the Center for Disease Control:
(1) Aerobic exercise (e.g., stationary bicycle)
(2) Sport-specific training (e.g., running, skating)
(3) Non-contact drills (includes cutting and other lateral movements)
(4) Full contact controlled training
(5) Full contact game play
An athlete should only advance to the next stage of the progression if he/she is able to complete the prior stage without the presence of concussion symptoms.
WAYS injury guidelines for coaches
Additional information on concussion awareness is available online at the CDC Heads UP Concussion Resource Center:
http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/HeadsUp/Training/HeadsUpConcussion.html
http://www.cdc.gov/concussion/HeadsUp/youth.html
Contact the CDC: CDCINFO at 1-800-CDC-INFO | or Email cdcinfo@cdc.gov
V1.0 WAYS Sept. 2012


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Fibrenamics and Mirpuri Foundation launch algae-based biodegradable bottle
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A pioneer project by the Mirpuri Foundation in collaboration with Fibrenamics - Universidade do Minho led to the development of a 100% biodegradable and rapidly degrading packaging material.
Every year, more than 400 million tons of plastic are produced in the world, contributing to human action in the destruction of habitats, the extinction of species and the deterioration of health. What can be done to change this scenario? It was for this purpose that the Mirpuri Foundation, together with the Fibrenamics Interface of the University of Minho, developed The Good Bottle, an innovative packaging, 100% biodegradable.
The Good Bottle has a biodegradability rate of 74% at the end of 45 days
The new material, presented in the form of a mineral water bottle, in partnership with the Monchique Water Society, an industrial partner, promises to pave the way for a profound transformation in the world industry. A historic landmark for sustainability, to protect not only what's inside, but above all to preserve life and ecosystems.
The project comes within the scope of a protocol established between the Mirpuri Foundation and the University of Minho in 2018, for the construction of a research and development program, and which created an alternative that changes the course of mass production of plastic packaging , replacing, for example, water bottles. A competitive option, equally light, biodegradable and without harmful effects on health and the environment.
Through the Foundation's investment, the group of scientists developed a prototype that is intended to revolutionize the consumer goods industry: 100% biodegradable and compostable packaging, thus replacing disposable options with long periods of decomposition. The Sociedade da Água de Monchique is responsible for contributing to the industrial solution with this innovative material in a product that can be made available en masse to the market.
Thus, The Good Bottle was born, a product composed of a polymeric base that can be compostable in the domestic environment, which in its composition contains algae, which during degradation serve as food for marine species. The lid is also produced from the same composition, therefore having the same biodegradation characteristics.
The Good Bottle has a biodegradability rate of 74%, at the end of 45 days, and under controlled composting conditions in accordance with ISO 14855-1:2012, and 90% up to 12 months, depending on the conditions under which is exposed in accordance with the ISO 13432 standard.
Among the advantages of The Good Bottle for the conservation of the oceans, we highlight the results of the study to assess the acute toxicity carried out in the marine environment of this material, using zebrafish, which registered excellent effects compared to those registered with conventional polymers.
On the other hand, and since the bottle contains algae in its composition, they can serve as food for marine species during their rapid disintegration process. The basic composition of the material and its permanent contact with water lead to its hydrolysis within a short time horizon. The material is also biodegradable in contact with organic waste.
"This is a pioneering and innovative initiative, which aims to lead the necessary change, inspiring the most diverse sectors to offer consumers increasingly responsible choices that do not threaten the survival of future generations", says Paulo Mirpuri, President of the Mirpuri Foundation.
For João Bessa, Technology Manager of the Fibrenamics Interface at the University of Minho, this "was without a doubt a very ambitious project, whose challenge immediately attracted us due to the emerging need to develop new sustainable solutions for the future. Not just for people, but also for Mother Nature".
Finally, Vítor Hugo Gonçalves, CEO of Sociedade da Água de Monchique, explains that "this partnership was destined to happen. We were very honored to be invited to join this project that will change the packaging paradigm and help make the world a little better. We are proud to see our Água Monchique being the first product in the world to be packaged in The Good Bottle", and adds that "Agua Monchique has directed much of its R&D towards more sustainable packaging solutions that significantly reduce the environmental impact of our activity. We share with Fibrenamics and Mirpuri Foundation values and, above all, a common vision in the way of looking to the future of the planet, so The Good Bottle project was immediately received and worked on by our teams with a high spirit of mission, believing that we are building something much bigger than us and that could revolutionize the world industry. Our integration in this project is mainly due to a genuine sharing of values and a common vision with Fibrenamics and the Mirpuri Foundation."
21 Oct 2021 Clipping
NanoMask, project of Fibrenamics, on Antena 1
The 90 Segundos de Ciência program of Antena 1, talked about NanoMask, a project developed in partnership between Poleva and Fibrenamics - University of Minho.
19 Jul 2021 Clipping
Fibrenamics talked with the magazine País Positivo by Jornal Sol
Fibrenamics, of University of Minho, talked with magazine País Positivo, by Jornal SOL, about sustainability in the business market and the direct and indirect contribution of Fibrenamics to improve the future of all of us.
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12.5% SDS-PAGE analysis of ab152741 stained with Coomassie Blue.
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Quote by Roald Dahl says, "He said, 'Above all, watch with glittering eyes the whole world around you because the greatest secrets are always hidden in the most unlikely places. Those who don't believe in magic will never find it.'"
Sugarboo and Co Roald Dahl Art Print. Quote by Roald Dahl says, "He said, 'Above all, watch with glittering eyes the whole world around you because the greatest secrets are always hidden in the most unlikely places. Those who don't believe in magic will never find it.'" Sizes: 17" x 25", 24" x 36", 36" x 48". Handpainted wood. Handmade in USA.


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The League of Friends: A concise history
One of the key challenges of the post war years was the need to repair, and the most notable area under scrutiny was health. The provision of health services to that point had been by the network of voluntary hospitals, which the war had put under severe strain. The creation of the NHS, and the challenge it made to that culture of local responsibility did not sit comfortably with the Leagues of Friends.
None the less it soon became clear that the Leagues of Friends were still very much in demand, and with the recommendation of the British Hospital Association, to set up Leagues of Friends or similar organisations centred at individual hospitals, a conference to which 175 league of friends groups were invited was held on 24th March 1949 and the National Association of Leagues of Hospital Friends (N.A.L.H.F.) was formed. The main purpose was made clear by the following objective proposed at a meeting on the 5th of May 1949 by a certain Captain J.W. Price:
"To mobilise, encourage, foster and maintain, the human love of the people of this Country, in the giving service to supplement the healing work of the staff and the State, and always ensure a humanising supplement to the work of the hospitals"
Over 60 years have passed and the Leagues of Friends still remain true to their purpose, as the mobilisation of love in communities remains core to their activities.