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A New Zealand company tried a four-day work week. It was a 'resounding success'
Why do most people work five days a week? Is that because a one-day weekend is too short, or a three-day weekend is too long? Is a five-day work week the most effective or convenient for workers and management teams? Do you produce more, or at least the same, when you have a three-day weekend?
These are difficult questions to answer. So, one company in New Zealand tested four-day work weeks for two months to find out if shorter work days is better for its employees and for the company. They were paid the same salary even for shorter work hours but were expected to produce the same outputs. The results were astonishing. The employees reported higher productivity, better work-life balance, and lower stress levels during the test period. Did they work longer on working days, or did they become more productive?
Enjoy reading and learn how people could manage their jobs in reduced work days.
https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/19/news/economy/new-zealand-four-day-work-week-perpetual-guardian/index.html
Is sparkling water as hydrating as regular water?
As shown in Vol.2291 on July 20th, over two-thirds of your body is water. And nearly every part of your body depends on water to function. Water is needed to flush out toxins from the liver, bring vital nutrients to the cells, and keep the ears, nose, and throat humming along smoothly.
Indeed, water is essential for humans. Though it's pretty much depending on your weight and age, activities, and conditions, at least two litter of water is needed to avoid dehydration. That sounds like a lot of water to drink. The good news is that water can be taken from fruits and vegetables, such as cucumber, spinach, watermelon, and strawberry. All these contain 90% or more water by weight. So, if you eat a vegetable or fruit salad, you also had a good water intake for your body. And if drinking just plain water is tiring, you can substitute it with plain or flavored carbonated water.
It is in the middle of summer in the northern hemisphere. Water is vital for survival.
Enjoy reading and learn a few options to take enough water.
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/19/health/sparkling-water-hydration-drayer/index.html
World Bodypainting Festival: Models transformed into amazing artworks
This body painting festival is held annually in Klagenfurt, Austria. The 20-year-old festival offers opportunities the art of body painting for growth and networking through interaction with local art initiatives and the cultural institutions of the region. There are awards in 12 different categories, such as airbrushing, special effects and face painting.
What is unique and distinct about this art festival is that it's not just artists' painting human models, but the painted and decorated models are also part of the artwork. In that sense, it may be more like a fashion show rather than a conventional art festival.
Enjoy seeing the stunning photos and think if you want to see the festival next year.
https://www.bbc.com/news/in-pictures-44847904
Open offices make people talk less and email more
What makes people interact more with each other in a workplace? Of course, the objective is not to have people waste their time chatting gossips or just for fun but to create more productive and innovative solutions for their tasks through interactions and collaborations.
However, according to a survey that monitored individuals' behaviors in open offices, simply putting people in an open space seems unlikely to achieve the objectives, but rather it is distractive to individuals' productivity. That's because such an environment could deteriorate privacies and concentration on their work. Also, open office environment seems to make employees more defensive. That's understandable because you may not feel secure if there are no boundaries around you.
Enjoy reading and think what the best way is to make a productive workplace, or what kind of workplace you want to work in.
http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20180718-open-offices-make-people-talk-less-and-email-more
Prime Day was the biggest shopping event in Amazon's history
It is a one-day only, though it was extended to 36 hours this year, global shopping event exclusively for Amazon Prime members. It marked the biggest sales event for the online giant, exceeding the tabs of any other sales event like Cyber Monday, Black Friday, or its previous year's event. It was estimated that the sales would go over three billion dollars, but the exact amount hasn't been disclosed. However, the company claims that it has sold over 100 million products worldwide. If this was the biggest online sales event in the U.S., it also shows how big China's biggest sales event, Singles' Day is. The Chinese online platformer sold $25 billion within 24 hours on November 11 last year, a hefty increase of 40% from the previous year.
Amazon wanted to add more prime members and sell more own products like Kindle and Amazon Fire TV stick. Prime members need to pay a membership fee to get various benefits like free delivery at desired times, free video streams and reading contents. The membership fee varies by country. For example, only $36 annually in Japan and $119 in the U.S.
Who takes advantage of the sales event like this, the buyers, the sellers or both?
Enjoy reading the article and mark the event day on your calendar.
https://money.cnn.com/2018/07/18/news/companies/amazon-prime-day-sales/index.html
The secret tricks hidden inside restaurant menus
Menu engineering. Indeed, some restaurant menus of large chains or prestigious restaurants are carefully engineered to present their food items more attractive and enticing. They want their diners to choose more profitable dishes, drinks, and desserts. There are many ways to serve the purpose. One typical way is to use descriptive names, such as homemade pancakes, farm-raised salmon, and freshly baked bread. Another way to enhance diners' appetite is to use proper font types, colors, and sizes of the letters shown in the menu. For example, rounder typefaces sell more sweets while angular fonts represent salty or sour taste. Also, orange or read stimulate appetite, the favored colors by fast food chains, while green represents healthier diet. Furthermore, today's and emerging technologies allow restaurants to create a tailor-made menu and recommendations when you visit the restaurant again.
However, if you remember the report in Vol.2232, "Why you eat more when you're in company," what seems to affect the most, or at least, to eat more is to have dining companions.
Enjoy reading the article and think about what stimulates your appetite the most.
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20171120-the-secret-tricks-hidden-inside-restaurant-menus
Photographers capture the rise of South Korea's 'loner' culture
Their parents worked hard to build the economic foundation of the country. In return, many of them were able to afford to buy things they had wanted, such as home appliances, a car, and even a house. In the meantime, the cost of housing and education have been rising to the level where parents opted to have fewer children. In fact, South Korea's birth rate had dropped from around six down to only 1.2 during the last half-century. The country is rapidly aging like its neighbor Japan.
The influences of such changes in the social environment seem immense. More and more those single children seem to be used to being alone and even feel more comfortable by themselves than being with others. They don't seem to mind eating, living, or even traveling alone. Such individualistic culture is called honjok, a combined word of hon, alone, and jok, tribe. While such trend has created new businesses to accommodate their need and desire, such as dining space for lone eaters and specialized furniture and apartment for singles, the outlook for economic growth and the social foundation is becoming questionable. When more people chose to live alone, what will happen to the marriage, divorce, and fertility rates of the country that is already aging?
Enjoy reading the article and seeing the photos of loners in South Korea.
https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/honjok-south-korea-loner-culture/index.html
Indonesia mob slaughters nearly 300 crocodiles in revenge killing
Another threat to an endangered species in Indonesia. It seems that many people tend to act for immediate benefits or by emotional instinct. The world's largest island country, with more than thirteen thousand islands, is trying to protect endangered species like orangutans and crocodiles. But as shown yesterday's Volume 2294, more trees and forests are being destroyed for the sake of economy and as a result, the intelligent primate species are losing their habitats. Now, nearly 300 protected crocodiles in a state-run sanctuary in West Papua were all slaughtered by the local residents with knives, shovels, hammers, and clubs in retaliation for a local man thought to have been killed by one of the crocodiles from the site. Even though those villagers broke the law and will be charged, the perished reptiles will never come back.
Read the article and see the disgusting photo and think what human nature is about.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44844367
A battle to save Indonesia's orangutans
The orangutans are species of great apes native to Indonesia and Malaysia but they are now only found in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra. As they live in the trees and eat fruits mostly, forests are their natural habitat. There used to be nearly 300,000 orangutans in the wild, but the most recent estimate says there are only around 100,000 of them and the number is rapidly decreasing. Indeed, they are one of the most critically endangered species.
Despite the Indonesian government's attempt to protect the wild forests in the area where the remaining endangered species inhabit, development projects haven't been ceased yet. The investors claim that they had put so much money already, and people want jobs, too. Local farmers in the area also want to use the land for their living.
The population of Indonesia is 267 million for now and is going to add another 100 million in the next decade while the population of wild orangutans is expected to be halved in the same period.
Though Orangutans are among the most intelligent primates, they don't seem to be able to figure out how to cope with the intrusion by other primates.
Enjoy reading the article and think when humans learn to balance economy and ecology.
Humanoid robot runs through the park by itself
Atlas is a bi-pedal humanoid robot developed by an American robotics company. The 1.8-meter tall robot was funded by Uncle Sam and first unveiled in 2011. It is designed for search and rescue tasks both outdoors and inside buildings. It uses multiple sensors to balance, avoid obstacles, assess the terrain, help with navigation, and manipulate objects. The robot can turn 180 degrees while jumping, perform a backflip, and run across grass on an uneven terrain. If it wore clothes and disguised itself as a human athlete or soldier, it would be hardly suspected if it were a machine.
SpotMini is a small, four-legged civilian-use robot that weighs 30 kilograms including the arm. It can navigate offices, climb stairs, open doors and even fight off a human armed with a hockey stick. The robot also can pick up and carry a payload of up to 14 kilograms. This amazing robot will become on sale in 2019. Though the price tag hasn't been announced yet, the robot seems to have received good interests from the world.
If you get an AI-speaker and one of these robots, you'll probably be living in a world where science fiction writers had dreamed of.
Enjoy watching the video and imagine when you'll have one of those robots in your house to do the housework for you.
https://edition.cnn.com/videos/cnnmoney/2018/05/11/atlas-spotmini-boston-dynamics-robots-run-navigate-cnnmoney-orig.cnnmoney/video/playlists/cant-miss/
On sale in Australia: Avocados as big as your face
The avocado is the fatty fruit of the avocado tree, which is native to Mexico and Central America. The fruit consists of 73% water, 15% fat, 8.5% carbohydrates (mostly fibers), and 2% protein. Avocados are rich in minerals and vitamins, such as vitamin B, C, E and K. Avocados fat is monounsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic acid, which may help protect against heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Besides all these nutritious and health benefits, avocados go so well with any kind of food that they are now used widely in all food menus around the world. As the demand for avocados rises, suppliers are trying to increase production. Planting more trees is one way to produce more avocados and enlarging the size of the fruit is another solution. Now, Australian farmers are growing jumbo avocados, nicknamed "Avozillas," about five times as large as a regular one, without sacrificing any taste or nutritious benefits. They now probably are the most fat-and-calorie-rich fruit in the world.
Enjoy seeing the video and photos and think of a new recipe to make use of this giant avocado.
https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/giant-avocado-australia/index.html
How much water should I drink a day?
As you probably know that over two-thirds of your body is water. There is no doubt how important water is to keep your body in good shape. You need to take enough water not to be dehydrated, a drop below normal levels of water in the body, especially when you work or exercise outside in a hot temperature, or when you suffer from diarrhea or vomiting.
How much water is enough to keep your physical and mental health? That's depending on your age and gender, body weight and activities, and the temperature and humidity. Also, some food contains more water than others, such as steamed rice, fruits, and vegetables. Overall, two litters of water is needed to keep you healthy. The question is how to measure how much more water is needed? One easy and dependable way is to check the color of your urine. When it is light yellow or clear, you're OK, but when it becomes darker, you ought to take more water, immediately. But too much water is no good either because the salt level in your blood goes too low.
Enjoy reading and learn how to keep your hydration level in balance.
https://www.bbcgoodfood.com/howto/guide/how-much-water-should-i-drink-day
Can the Middle East solve its water problem?
If you see a world map, there are noticeable places like the Middle East and North Africa where there is no or very little part if any painted green. People in the region basically get water from rivers and the underground, but that supply has been exceeded by the growing need. While their population is growing faster, the water supply in the region is getting scarce. Some of those countries are fortunately so oil-rich that they can afford to build and run expensive sea-water purifiers, or desalination plants. However, that process is harmful to the environment because of the energy needed to evaporate water and discharged chemicals and brine, water saturated with salt, into the sea.
According to a recent World Bank report, water is getting scarce in the region, and water conservation, production, and consumption are all essential to balance the supply and need.
Enjoy reading the article and learn about the situation of global water supply.
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/11/middleeast/middle-east-water/index.html
KLM's new airport robot Care-E will guide you to the gate
Wouldn't it be a luxury if you had a personal guide to the boarding gate in the airport? Celebrities and special passengers are often assisted by their agents or airline staff. But most passengers have to find the way to the gate with their carry-on luggage, sometimes with playful children or a crying baby. It is quite a task especially in a large airport whose boarding gates are located so far away from the check-in counters. And what if the boarding gate or departure time is changed but you can't hear or understand the announcement?
Now, there is another way to make use of smart robots in airports. A Dutch airline KLM has introduced a passenger assisting robot called Care-E to guide their passengers to the gate. The AI robot walks you to the gate at a normal walking speed and carries your luggage. Also, it'll redirect you should the boarding gate is changed. All you need to do is to scan your boarding pass, no need to listen to or speak Dutch or English.
Enjoy watching the video and think what other service or assistance you want robots to do to help you in the airport.
https://edition.cnn.com/travel/article/klm-airport-robot/index.htmlv
The truth about only children - why the stereotype is wrong
If every couple had only one child, the world would go extinct in the future. In fact, the world fertility rate, the average number of children born to one woman while being of child-bearing age, declined from 2.57 to 2.45 between 2005 and 2015. In some Asian countries particularly like China, Japan, and South Korea are losing their populations because of the low fertility rate and the trend doesn't seem to change sometime soon despite the measures and actions being taken by their governments. There are various factors why couples in those countries choose not to have more than one child, such as high education cost, late marriages, housing costs, and lack of support to raise children. Anyway, the world is producing more only children than ever before in human history. But is an only child so distinct from siblings in their behaviors, characteristics, and temperament? Population Research Center of the University of Texas conducted a research and made a brief video about their findings.
Enjoy watching the video and think about what an only child is like in the family, at school, and in a workplace compared with siblings.
https://www.bbc.com/news/av/stories-44701463/the-truth-about-only-children-why-the-stereotype-is-wrong
Millennials may be less happy and healthy than their parents by middle age
While gig economy gives young people chance to manage their time flexibly, it seems to cast a shadow over their future, according to a recent study among adults in the U.K. who were born in the 1980s or early 1990s. Of course. Without job security, how could anyone feel secure about their daily living and future career development? The study also has found that the rising housing market makes the young adults less hopeful about their future.
Along with these economic uncertainties, those grownups with digital devices and online social network also seem emotionally unstable. They feel difficult to establish social relationships with others and communities.
With all these modern convenience and future ambiguity, the researchers think millennials in the UK are not as happy or healthy as their parents in the next decade or two. But weren't their parents so happy when they were young? What about a fear of nuclear war, infectious disease or air pollution?
Enjoy reading the article and think if you're happier than your parents' generation.
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/18/health/millennials-health-worse-than-parents-intl/index.html
Can plastic roads curb waste epidemic?
Plastic lasts for long. Unlike paper or wood materials, plastic isn't biodegradable. So, when it is wasted, its durability causes a big problem to the environment. But what if plastic is used as material to last for long?
A British Company came up with an idea and recipe to make use of used plastic, such as plastic bottles, diapers, carrier bags. The idea is to blend used plastic with asphalt to be used for road construction and repairs. They claim when used plastic is cooked at a right temperature and mixed at a right proportion with asphalt, the blended asphalt lasts longer than conventional asphalt. This plastic-blended asphalt has already been used in the UK, the Gulf, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
Sounds like a brilliant idea to solve the plastic problems, doesn't it?
Enjoy reading and learn how a problem can be turned into a solution.
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/02/world/macrebur-plastic-roads/index.html
How your age affects your appetite
Do you eat only when you are hungry? Probably not. In reality, most people live to clock or schedule in modern life and they eat regularly, sometimes despite or beyond the need or appetite.
Do you eat as much as you want or only the foods you like? If you eat alone, you could choose what to or not to eat within the budget, according to the availability and by convenience.
Do you like eating alone or with others? Many people tend to eat more when they dine together because it is part of a social engagement. They take longer time to eat and as a result, they eat more. Also, when others are eating, you feel like eating too even though you've eaten more than enough than usual. After all, food isn't just for energy and nutrition.
Did you eat more or less 10 years ago? People should be more cautious about food intake and balance as when they start losing muscles gradually from the 50s.
After all, while good appetite is regarded as the best sauce for food, what and how much to eat seem to be more essential to human lives. And that is likely to change as one ages.
Enjoy reading and think what your eating strategy for the next decade.
http://www.bbc.com/future/story/20180629-the-seven-stages-of-life-that-affect-how-we-eat
How long could we live?
What is an appropriate question to ask about life, just how long to live or live a healthy life? Some may say as long as they can because they can't think of dying while others say as long as they are healthy and active. Some researchers think people can live much longer, say hundreds of years. Tech investors are putting money on researches on longevity. Genetic research and engineering, advanced medical technologies and treatment, and healthier diet and lifestyle may someday prolong the lifespan by years or even decades. But in what physical, cognitive and mental conditions?
It seems that beyond technologies and treatment, there are essential factors that keep the life more enjoyable and meaningful, such as physical activities, social connection, and mental stimulation.
How long do you want to live?
Enjoy reading the text and think what would make you want to live longer.
Affirmative action: Trump 'to scrap' college racial bias policy
Preferential treatment to a certain group of people could mean unfair treatment to others, even though it was intended to maintain the diversity of the academic environment. Ever since an executive order to give preferential treatment to a disadvantaged group of people on federal hiring was signed by JFK back in 1961, affirmative action has been debated intensely especially for college admission guidelines. For example, students of affluent Asian-American families tend to score higher grades and advance to higher education because of their families' intense focus on education compared with those of Latinos and African Americans families. As a result, prestigious universities like Harvard, whose admission rate is as low as 6%, have more qualified applicants from certain racial and family backgrounds over others. So, they set non-explicit guidelines to keep the diverse environment on their campus, which has made Asian-American students feel unfair.
While the world is becoming more diverged, the gap between the rich and poor seems to be widening and become overwhelming. And in the U.S., this topic is so controversial that each administration seems to have taken different actions.
Enjoy reading and think what is fair to all, opportunity or result.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-44703874
South Korea cuts its work limit from 68 hours a week to 52
How much is hardworking and how long is overworking? South Korean workers seem to work too long. On average, they worked over 2,000 hours in 2017, the third-longest after Mexico and Costa Rica among OECD countries. That's nearly 50% longer than its economic rival, Germany. Why do they work so long? Is that a way to show their loyalty to their employers or to compete with their co-workers? Are they all so ambitious to be successful in their careers or is that because of their collective culture?
Working long hours could cause physical, mental and social problems. Productivity and efficiency decrease, the stress level goes up and mistakes and errors increase, and fertility rate declines. In fact, an average Korean woman has only 1.2 children, the society is rapidly aging.
So, the lawmakers finally made a drastic move by limiting the maximum work hours per week from 68 to 52, a staggering 24% reduction!
Will this abandon a place for a retreat like "prison for people seeking peace and quiet"?
Enjoy reading and think what makes people work harder and longer.
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/02/health/south-korea-work-hours/index.html
Koko, the gorilla who mastered sign language, has died
She was a female western lowland gorilla born and grown in California. She was named Hanabiko, meaning fireworks child in Japanese, because she was born on the fourth of July. She understood 1,000 English words and communicated with 2,000 Gorilla Sign Language, a modified version of American Sign Language (ASL).
Koko demonstrated not only her intelligence to humans but also maternity to her pets. In fact, she adopted five kittens in her life. She named them All Ball, Lipstick, Smoky, Miss Black and Miss Grey respectively and cared for them as if they were baby gorillas. When she was signed that the first adopted cat was killed in a car accident, she signed "Bad, sad, bad" and "Frown, cry, frown, sad".
Indeed, Koko showed cognitive abilities and emotional capacity of the gorilla. She passed away unexpectedly but peacefully in her sleep about two weeks before her 47th birthday.
Enjoy reading and learn what a gorilla can do.
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/21/health/koko-gorilla-death-trnd/index.html
First confirmed image of the birth of a planet
Far away from our solar system in the Centaurus constellation, a newborn yet still forming planet was discovered. By using a coronagraph to block the light from the young dwarf star PDS 70 light, two teams of researchers captured an image of the disk and the planet. It is a gigantic gas planet that is at least a few times the mass of Jupiter, but it takes 120 years to orbit its star because of the distance from the star that is equivalent as the one of Uranus. Despite the distance, the newly forming planet is over twice as hot as our hottest planet, Venus.
You may wonder why this discovery is so significant. That's because the processes behind early stages of planetary evolution have never been clearly observed. If such observation is realized over time, we might be able to learn how the earth was formed 4.6 billion years ago.
Enjoy reading and learn about this baby planet that is 200 million light years away from earth.
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/07/02/world/newborn-planet-image-study/index.html
Beer is being rationed in the UK
Is carbon dioxide, or CO2, good or bad? While it mustn't increase in the air to curve global warming, carbon dioxide is necessary for our daily lives.
CO2 prolongs shelf life of food like meat because it slows the growth of bacteria. Without it, the shelf life becomes at least a day shorter. It is also used to stun chickens and port before slaughter. And CO2 gas carbonate drinks like water, cola, and beer. Can you imagine non-carbonated cola or beer?
So, what if there was a shortage of commercial and industrial CO2? In fact, some beer brewers in the U.K. were left no choice but to allocate the amount of beer to deliver to their retailers because they were unable to secure enough CO2 to keep up with their production. Also, some meat producers are using electric stunning instead before slaughtering cattle and chickens.
Indeed, modern lifestyle produces and uses CO2 a lot.
Enjoy reading and learn what CO2 does to our lives.
http://money.cnn.com/2018/06/27/news/co2-shortage-uk-beer/index.html
International Asteroid Day: Are we ready if an asteroid strikes Earth?
Have asteroids struck our planet? Yes, many times. Most recently, a 20-meter near-earth object, or NEO, entered the atmosphere and exploded over Russia in 2013 and caused substantial damages to a town called Chelyabinsk. The light from the meteor was brighter than the Sun and the energy released by the impact was about 30 times of that of the atomic bomb detonated at Hiroshima. And of course, there was an asteroid of the size of a mountain that hit earth 66 million years ago wiped out 80% of life on earth including most of the dinosaurs.
So, when will the next impact like that occur? Fortunately, there aren't any known or detected NEOs that could post an immediate, significant threat as of now. Though a number of asteroids hit our planet every day, most of them are so small that they burn up in the atmosphere. But there are more and larger asteroids that could cause a significant damage or even catastrophe to the planet. NASA has been working with other space agencies of the world trying to detect and predict any sign of life-threatening collision. They are hoping to give a pre-warning of such event as early as 10 years before the impact.
Is a 10-year notice too short or too long? What about announcing a year before next election?
Enjoy reading and learn about space objects near Earth.
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/29/world/international-asteroid-day-space-missions/index.html
Hunting the people who kill elephants
Poachers catch and kill animals illegally on someone else's land to get valuable parts of them, such as elephant's ivory and scale and Rhino's horn, which are used to produce decorative items, leather, and medicine. Since the demand for such items is high compared to the supply, they are highly valued and traded in the black market. So, there are poachers who hunt elephants and rhinos in Africa. Though the number of such animal killers isn't large, they can kill quite a few numbers of such wildlife animals. In fact, according to a 2014 study, the population of elephants in central Africa dropped by 64% only in 10 years.
Also, there are people and organizations that transport such valuable items to markets of demand, such as China and Southeast Asia. Unfortunately, as the economy of these countries grows, so does the number of poaching of elephants and rhinos.
Killers, traffickers, and sellers. They are all part of the supply chain of killing wildlife animals. And of course, there are buyers who reward them for their risks and work with money.
Enjoy reading and think about which part of the chain the cause of this cruel practice really is.
https://www.bbcearth.com/blog/?article=hunting-the-people-who-kill-elephants
Horses can make facial expressions just like humans
It has been 5,000 years since horses became human companions like dogs and cats. To live with creatures that have numbers of facial and vocal expressions like humans, horses seem to have learned to read what humans are feeling from their expressions. They seem to understand an emotional state of a particular human and remember it. So, when the person shows up later again, the horse's reaction is relevant to the previous expression of the person. If you want to be liked by a horse, you'd better be nice to him just like your friend.
Another finding from a recent research shows that they make as many as 17 facial expressions, three more than chimpanzees and only 10 fewer than humans. These expressions include "chin raiser," "sharp lip puller," "lip pucker" and "jaw drop." If you learn their facial expressions and show your emotional states clearly, you might be able to communicate with horses quite extensively.
Enjoy reading and learning how sensitive horses are with humans.
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/26/sport/horse-facial-expressions-spt/index.html
China's 'heat pole' bakes as temperature hits 83 C
Though just being too hot doesn't attract people, the extreme heat seemed to have drawn numbers of visitors to the middle of nowhere in the desert. Turpan Flame Mountain in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region, also known as the heat pole of China, recorded 83 degrees Celsius on June 25th. The sand and rocks had been baked during the day to reach the highest temperature of the year at 4:00 pm. Over 2,500 curious or eager visitors got there to feel the heat, and also to take photos in front of the 12-meter-tall jumbo thermometer, which can measure up to 100 degrees. The extreme heat bakes not only the land surface but also the eggs in a cooking pan. Sounds like hot-spring boiled eggs, doesn't it?
Would you be interested in feeling the natural heat? What would your skin say?
Enjoy reading the article and see the photos and think if such experience is worth your time and money.
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201806/27/WS5b33020ea3103349141df37c.html
Uber's Mideast rival is hiring women drivers in Saudi Arabia
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been the last country that prohibits women to drive.
It took over 80 years for women to get permission to drive but now they can get a driving license only after a 30-hour training. The demand seems to have been very high. Over 120,000 women applied for new licenses. So, businesses are trying to keep up with the booming demand, such as driving school and car companies.
And there is another one trying to lure new drivers. The peer-to-peer ride-sharing business. Careem, the Middle East's rival to Uber, is recruiting women to switch their seats. Yes, female ride-sharing drivers. It could be a good business opportunity because many women, or even some men for curiosity, may prefer riding a newly-joined female-driven car.
Will they charge a higher fee for a female driver if demand surges? Will male drivers lose their jobs?
Enjoy reading and think what other businesses might arise in the conservative kingdom.
http://money.cnn.com/2018/06/26/technology/careem-women-drivers-cars-saudi-arabia/index.html
Supreme Court upholds travel ban
Another sign of the Divided States of America. The US supreme court ruled that the President Donald Trump's travel restrictions to travelers from the designated countries is within the scope of executive responsibility. They are Syria, Libya, Iran, Yemen, Somalia, North Korea, and Venezuela. You can tell easily that these are the countries that have been producing quite a number of refugees in recent years.
The highest court was as divided as the sentiment of the people in the country, five-to-four, which means that if just one of the judges had had a different thought, the decision could have been different. The President seemed to be so pleased with the ruling that he tweeted immediately that the ruling was a tremendous victory for the American people and the constitution (and for him).
Enjoy reading and think what the President would have tweeted if the supreme court decision had been other way around.
https://edition.cnn.com/2018/06/26/politics/travel-ban-supreme-court/index.html
McDonald's and Starbucks hit by plastics ban in India
As covered in Vol.2264, the world praised the progressive move by a Swedish furniture retailer to voluntarily abandon the sale or use of single-use plastics. On the other hand, US restaurant and coffee chains seem to suffer from damages both in the bottom line and brand recognition for not complying the laws that ban the use of single-use plastics, such as shopping bags, food containers, straws and lids for drinks and cutlery.
In fact, India is trying to eliminate single-use plastics by 2022 being alarmed by the research result that plastic is expected to weigh heavier than fish in the oceans by the middle of the century. Restrictions or bans on single-use plastics are already in place in most of the states, even though not all of them are strictly enforced.
If such bold initiatives to protect the environment can be taken in this massive democratic yet developing country, why other more established or developed countries, such as Japan and the US, haven't taken any actions yet?
Enjoy reading and think if growing populism among democratic countries helps political leaders make a move to save the environment and the planet in a long term.
http://money.cnn.com/2018/06/25/news/companies/india-plastic-ban-mcdonalds-starbucks-maharashtra/index.html


On Thursday, March 22 from 8 am until 4:30 pm, Luther Acres, a Luthercare community, is hosting a Health Fair. The Road to Wellness Health Fair will take place in the Luther Acres Towne Center, located at 250 St. Luke Drive, Lititz. It is open to the public, and there is no charge to attend.


text:
vagrant provision ubuntu, elk, nginx based on https://github.com/geerlingguy/ansible-vagrant-examples/tree/master/elk
and https://github.com/geerlingguy/JJG-Ansible-Windows

the following is copied from the orignal README.md

# Ansible Vagrant profile for ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)

## Background

Vagrant and VirtualBox (or some other VM provider) can be used to quickly build or rebuild virtual servers.

This Vagrant profile configures two servers:

  1. A server with the ELK stack ([Elasticsearch](http://www.elasticsearch.org/), [Logstash](http://logstash.net/), and [Kibana](http://www.elasticsearch.org/overview/kibana/)) using the [Ansible](http://www.ansible.com/) provisioner.
  2. A server with the Nginx and [Logstash Forwarder](https://github.com/elasticsearch/logstash-forwarder) using the [Ansible](http://www.ansible.com/) provisioner, which routes Nginx access logs to the first server.

## Getting Started

This README file is inside a folder that contains a `Vagrantfile` (hereafter this folder shall be called the [vagrant_root]), which tells Vagrant how to set up your virtual machine in VirtualBox.

To use the vagrant file, you will need to have done the following:

  1. Download and Install [VirtualBox](https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads)
  2. Download and Install [Vagrant](https://www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html)
  3. Install [Ansible](http://ansibleworks.com/) ([guide for installing Ansible](http://docs.ansible.com/intro_installation.html))
  4. Open a shell prompt (Terminal app on a Mac) and cd into the folder containing the `Vagrantfile`
  5. 5. Run the following command to install the necessary Ansible roles for this profile: `$ ansible-galaxy install -r requirements.yml`

Once all of that is done, you can simply type in `vagrant up`, and Vagrant will create both new VMs and configure them.

Once the VMs are up and running (after `vagrant up` is complete and you're back at the command prompt), you can log into either one via SSH if you'd like by typing in `vagrant ssh [name]` (either `logs` for the ELK server, or `webs` for the Nginx server). Otherwise, the next steps are below.

### Setting up your hosts file

You need to modify your host machine's hosts file (Mac/Linux: `/etc/hosts`; Windows: `%systemroot%\system32\drivers\etc\hosts`), adding the lines below:

    192.168.9.90  logs
    192.168.9.91  webs

(Where `logs`/`webs` is the hostname you have configured in the `Vagrantfile`).

After that is configured, you could visit http://logs/ in a browser, and you'll see the Kibana dashboard, and you can visit http://webs/, and you'll see Nginx's default index page.

If you'd like additional assistance editing your hosts file, please read [How do I modify my hosts file?](http://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/article/how-do-i-modify-my-hosts-file) from Rackspace.

## Author Information

Created in 2014 by [Jeff Geerling](http://jeffgeerling.com/), author of [Ansible for DevOps](http://ansiblefordevops.com/).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A social game called The Magical Girl Raising Project allows one in tens of thousands of people to be a "magical girl" — possessing extraordinary physical capabilities and looks, as well as special magical powers that set them apart from the rest of the human race.
But one day, in a district containing 16 magical girls, the administration announces that it must halve the number of magical girls to solve the problem of magical energy. At first, the 16 magical girls race to collect more "magical candy" than their competitors, but the rules quickly become twisted, and it quickly becomes a murderous battle for survival among them.
Watch Magical Girl Raising Project (Maho Shojo Ikusei Keikaku) Episode 01: Welcome to a World of Dreams and Magic!
Watch Magical Girl Raising Project (Maho Shojo Ikusei Keikaku) Episode 02: Collect Magical Candies!
Watch Magical Girl Raising Project (Maho Shojo Ikusei Keikaku) Episode 03: Update Notice!
Watch Magical Girl Raising Project (Maho Shojo Ikusei Keikaku) Episode 04: Add More Friends!
Watch Magical Girl Raising Project (Maho Shojo Ikusei Keikaku) Episode 05: New Character!
Watch Magical Girl Raising Project (Maho Shojo Ikusei Keikaku) Episode 06: Get the Super-Rare Items!
Watch Magical Girl Raising Project (Maho Shojo Ikusei Keikaku) Episode 07: Up Your Friendship!
Watch Magical Girl Raising Project (Maho Shojo Ikusei Keikaku) Episode 08: Sudden Event In Session!


Visualizations are for us more than an imitation of reality, or the attempt of photorealistic mapping. Photorealism has become the norm for us with the latest available technology and our expertise lies predominantly in the quality of 3D models and in the selection of materials and appropriate lighting.
We focus primarily primarily on numerous aspects of aesthetic and attractive shots of 3D visualization and animation.
Most important for us, in creating the high quality 3D graphics, is the passion and individual approach to each project we provide to the our customers. Each order is also for us the possibility to extend further knowledge and skills of our dedicated team. The final result is positively affected in this way.
Please take a closer look on our selected accomplishments presented in the Project tab.
We also kindly invite you to co-operate with the Ars Visual Studio.


I want to thank you very much for taking your time to write, Tarun, Joan, and Vikram! I took this shot right after I saw my daughter waiting in this position on the bench. The similarity in the lines which made the bench's frame and Anna's resting head on her hand caught my eye right away.
Once again, thank you for your nice comments on this!


text:
By the end of the lengthy hearing, even the bill's sponsor, Rep. Bob Thorpe, R-Flagstaff, couldn't vote for it.
Thorpe pitched his amendment to House Bill 2179 as a way of punishing those who improperly bring their dogs to restaurants by claiming a medical need. The bill would have required service animals to be registered with the state and carry permits in public.
At the same time, it provided a punishment for scofflaws. It also permitted restaurants to exclude service animals if it posed a health code risk.
But dozens of people with disabilities ranging from blindness to epilepsy showed up on short notice to say the bill's language was at odds with federal protections and would have isolated them from society. At least a half dozen dogs sat quietly next to their owners in a sign that the trained animals aren't typically a nuisance in public.
Maricopa resident Tim Mullen, who suffers seizures, showed up with his $18,000 service dog Garth to say he already encounters discrimination from restaurants that shunt him to dark corners.
"He's saved my life four times already," Mullen said, noting the dog activated a watch-like sensor that summons emergency workers to his location.
At 47, Mullen said he was looking at life in assisted living without the dog, which he has had for a year. He said Garth has helped give him a measure of independence, something that would be lost if Garth's presence was limited by the bill.
More than a dozen people planned to speak against the bill, including veterans with brain injuries and those with vision problems who said it would limit their ability to hold business meetings at restaurants.
The pushback convinced the House Government and Higher Education Committee to drop Thorpe's amendment, with all eight members present voting against the measure, including Thorpe.
"We talked a lot about bad actors. ... I would much rather tolerate a few bad actors than to impinge on the rights of persons with disabilities," said Rep. Randall Friese, D-Tucson.
For his part, Thorpe stressed throughout the hearing that his intent was to get rid of people improperly taking their dogs to restaurants, not to burden those with genuine disabilities. He repeatedly called his measure "a work in progress," but conceded by the end that it needed more mending than could be done at the moment.
"It was my hope we could continue to craft this bill," Thorpe said in explaining his vote. "It was brought to me by constituents who were very concerned about the bad actors. There wasn't any intention on my part to craft a bill that would cause concerns on the part of the disabled community."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Reimplementing algorithm from GPL program If I reimplement an algorithm of a program covered by GPL v2 do I have to also license my program as GPL v2?
And to be specific:
I need a javascript library to compare debian packages versions. There is no such. So I'm going to directly translate the comparison algorithm implemented in apt (C++) into JS and publish it thereafter.

A: If you are literally translating the C++ code that implements the algorithm, then you are creating a derived work of apt and you must license your code under the GPL as well.
On the other hand, if you implement the algorithm based on a textual/mathematical description of the algorithm without looking at the C++ implementation, then your code is not a derived work and you are free to choose your license as you wish.
If you don't translate the C++ code, but you do look at it, then you are in a legal grey area. In that case, it is not entirely clear if your code will be considered a derived work or an independent implementation of the algorithm. To be on the safe side, you can best regard it as a derived work.
The difference exists because algorithms themselves are not subject to copyright, but their implementations are.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Radagun is an American pop band based in Jacksonville, Florida, consisting of husband and wife Todd Low and Aimee Ortiz and is occasionally accompanied by additional live performers.  In March 2009 Radagun released the single "Runaway" from their debut album Life Lessons. The album created enough buzz to land them a page in Alternative Press Magazine, and the video for "Runaway" was picked up for rotation by over 40 outlets most notably including Fuse TV, MTV Latin America, and Billboard.com. Lead singer Aimee Ortiz also received a sponsorship from Daisy Rock Guitars and is featured on their artists page. Radagun's song Party Girl, off their Life Lessons album was featured in an episode of The Bad Girls Club on April 18, 2011.

History

The band had beginnings in Fresno, California. The band's core members Aimee Ortiz and Todd Low established Radagun in September 2008 and the band went through several member changes during their first year until finally settling on the idea of a two-person band with live performers filling in occasionally.  The band quickly gained distinction in the local music scene from a fierce promotional campaign for their first live performance.

Radagun's first performance as a band was on the Fresno television show Great Day which aired on KMPH Fox 26 on January 30, 2009.  The station received positive feedback from their performance, and the band used the show to plug their upcoming CD release show. The band also aired TV commercials during The Simpsons and George Lopez  among other shows, the entire week of their first live performance and arranged to raffle off a guitar at the show with the help of sponsor GuitarItUp. On March 6, 2009 Radagun released their debut album, Life Lessons, and headlined their first show just ten people shy of a sold-out crowd, immediately ranking them among the elite in Fresno's music scene. In May 2009 Radagun was featured in Alternative Press Magazine, issue #250.

In June 2009 founding members Aimee Ortiz and Todd Low began speaking with producer Zack Odom about recording in Atlanta, Georgia.  It was decided that the band would move to the east coast in order to further their career.  Upon arriving in Jacksonville, Florida, Radagun immediately made an impact on the Jacksonville music scene.  In March 2010 they booked a nationwide tour stopping back in their hometown of Fresno, California at the historic Tower Theater.

Public service
On November 6, 2009 Radagun performed on Action News At 6 on CBS 47 WTEV Jacksonville to promote their performance at Rock For Kids 09, a benefit concert held at The Jacksonville Landing in Jacksonville, Florida for Prevent Child Abuse Florida and the Ounce of Prevention Fund of Florida. Radagun donated an Alchemy guitar which was auctioned off at the event raising $250 for the organizations.

Band members

Aimee Ortiz - Born September 25, 1981 in Pasadena, California.
Todd Low - Born December 10, 1982 in Orlando, Florida.

References

External links
Review of RadagunYour Band

American pop music groups
Musical groups established in 2008

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The `Authorization Basic` header is built with the `Client ID` and
`Client Secret` credentials provided by the FIWARE IdM following the
[standard](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2617). So the string will be

```bash
base64(client_id:client_secret)
```

The `redirect_uri` parameter must match the `Callback URL` attribute provided in
the application registration.

## Authorization Code Grant

The authorization code is obtained by using an authorization server (the IdM) as
an intermediary between the client (the registrered application) and resource
owner (the user). Instead of requesting authorization directly from the resource
owner, the client directs the resource owner to an authorization server (via its
user-agent as defined in
[RFC2616](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2616), which in turn directs
the resource owner back to the client with the authorization code.

### Authorization Request

```bash
GET /oauth2/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=1&state=xyz
&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient%2Eexample%2Ecom%2Fcallback_url HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
```

The `response_type` attribute is mandatory and must be set to `code`. The
`client_id` attribute is the one provided by the FIWARE IdM upon application
registration. The `redirect_uri` attribute must match the `Callback URL`
attribute provided to the IdM within the application registration. `state` is
optional and for internal use of you application, if needed.

### Authorization Request For Permanent Token

```bash
GET /oauth2/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=1&state=xyz
&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient%2Eexample%2Ecom%2Fcallback_url&scope=permanent HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
```

### Authorization Response

```bash
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: https://client.example.com/callback_url?code=SplxlOBeZQQYbYS6WxSbIA&state=xyz
```

### Access Token Request

```bash
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=authorization_code&code=SplxlOBeZQQYbYS6WxSbIA
&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient%2Eexample%2Ecom%2Fcallback_url
```

### Access Token Response

```bash
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Cache-Control: no-store
Pragma: no-cache

{
    "access_token":"2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA",
    "token_type":"bearer",
    "expires_in":3600,
    "refresh_token":"tGzv3JOkF0XG5Qx2TlKWIA",
}
```

## Implicit Grant

The implicit grant is a simplified authorization code flow optimized for clients
implemented in a browser using a scripting language such as JavaScript. In the
implicit flow, instead of issuing the client an authorization code, the client
is issued an access token directly (as the result of the resource owner
authorization). The grant type is implicit, as no intermediate credentials (such
as an authorization code) are issued (and later used to obtain an access token).

### Authorization Request

```bash
GET /oauth2/authorize?response_type=token&client_id=1&state=xyz
&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient%2Eexample%2Ecom%2Fcallback_url HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
```

The `response_type` attribute is mandatory and must be set to `token`.

The `client_id` attribute is the one provided by the FIWARE IdM upon application
registration.

The `redirect_uri` attribute must match the `Callback URL` attribute provided to
the IdM within the application registration.

`state` is optional and for internal use of you application, if needed.

### Authorization Request For Permanent Token

```bash
GET /oauth2/authorize?response_type=token&client_id=1&state=xyz
&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient%2Eexample%2Ecom%2Fcallback_url&scope=permanent HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
```

### Access Token Response

```bash
HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Location: https://client.example.com/callback_url?token=SplxlOBeZQQYbYS6WxSbIA&token_type=Bearer&expires_in=3600&state=xyz&
```

## Resource Owner Password Credentials Grant

The resource owner password credentials (i.e., username and password) can be
used directly as an authorization grant to obtain an access token.

### Access Token Request

```bash
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=password&username=demo&password=123
```

### Permanent Token Request

```bash
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=password&username=demo&password=123&scope=permanent
```

### Access Token Response

See [Authorization Code Grant](#access-token-response)

## Refresh Token Grant

The client can request for a new token using the refresh token obtained the
first time through another grant type except the client credentials grant type.

### Access Token Request

```bash
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=tGzv3JOkF0XG5Qx2TlKWIA
```

### Permanent Token Request

```bash
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=tGzv3JOkF0XG5Qx2TlKWIA&scope=permanent
```

### Access Token Response

See [Authorization Code Grant](#access-token-response)

## Client Credentials Grant

The client can request an access token using only its client credentials.

### Access Token Request

```bash
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=client_credentials
```

### Permanent Token Request

```bash
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=client_credentials&scope=permanent
```

### Access Token Response

See [Authorization Code Grant](#access-token-response)

## Validate Access Tokens

Once you have created an OAuth2.0 Access Token associated to a user, you can
validate it in order to retrieve the user information and roles. Furthermore, if
you have configured
[Keyrock as PDP](../installation_and_administration_guide/configuration.md#authorization)
you can use the same endpoint for checking if the user is authorized to perform
an specific action in the application.

**Warning**

> Be aware that if you used the Client Credentials Grant to obtain the token
> there is no such thing as an 'authorizing user' because of the nature of this
> grant. You can still use this endpoint to validate the token, but the JSON (if
> the token is valid) will be empty.

## Revoke Token

In order to revoke a token, the following request should be send:

```bash
POST /oauth2/revoke HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

token=2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA&token_type_hint=access_token
```

Either Refresh or Access Token could be revoked. In case of Refresh Token, all
Access Token associated to this will be revoked.

token_type_hint is optional and can have the values "access_token" or
"refresh_token" depending the type of token you are trying to revoke. These
value helps Keyrock to revoke tokens quickly.

## Get user information and roles

Request:

```bash
GET /user?access_token=2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA
```

Example response:

```javascript
    {
      "organizations": [
        {
          "id": "13e88767-7473-472d-9c33-110c5bed2a57",
          "name": "test_org",
          "description": "my org",
          "website": null,
          "roles": [
            {
              "id": "9c4e8db4-a56b-4731-bfc6-7dd8fb2fbea3",
              "name": "test"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "displayName": "My User",
      "roles": [
        {
          "id": "9c4e8db4-a56b-4731-bfc6-7dd8fb2fbea3",
          "name": "test"
        }
      ],
      "app_id": "ff03921a-a772-4220-9854-e2d499ae474a",
      "isGravatarEnabled": false,
      "email": "myuser@test.com",
      "id": "myuser",
      "authorization_decision": "",
      "app_azf_domain": "",
      "username": "myuser"
    }
```

## Validate authorization

If you have configured
[Keyrock as PDP](../installation_and_administration_guide/configuration.md#authorization)
you can use the same endpoint for checking if the user is authorized to perform
an specific action to an specific resource in the scope of an application.

In the user information response, the decision regarding authorization will be
included.

Request:

```bash
GET /user?access_token=2YotnFZFEjr1zCsicMWpAA&action=GET&resource=myResource&app_id=ea3edd2e-2220-4489-af7d-6d60fffb7d1a
```

Example response:

```javascript
    {
      "organizations": [
        {
          "id": "13e88767-7473-472d-9c33-110c5bed2a57",
          "name": "test_org",
          "description": "my org",
          "website": null,
          "roles": [
            {
              "id": "9c4e8db4-a56b-4731-bfc6-7dd8fb2fbea3",
              "name": "test"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "displayName": "My User",
      "roles": [
        {
          "id": "9c4e8db4-a56b-4731-bfc6-7dd8fb2fbea3",
          "name": "test"
        }
      ],
      "app_id": "ff03921a-a772-4220-9854-e2d499ae474a",
      "isGravatarEnabled": false,
      "email": "myuser@test.com",
      "id": "myuser",
      "authorization_decision": "Permit",
      "app_azf_domain": "",
      "username": "myuser"
    }
```

## Select Token Type

Keyrock IdM allows you to choose the type of token to be generated when
receiving an OAuth request. By default, the application creates Bearer Tokens
but it can be configured to generate
[JSON Web Tokens](https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7519). It can be also
configured to generate permanent tokens (Bearer or JWT) as described in previous
sections. These permanent tokens would never expired. These token types options
could be selected in the interfaces as shown in the following figure:

![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ging/fiware-idm/master/doc/resources/UserGuide_SelectTokenType.png)

Figure 1: Select token type

JWT is a safe way to represent a set information between two parties. A JWT is
composed of a header, a payload and a signatures separated by dots. More
information about JWT could be found in this [link.](https://jwt.io/) If JWT is
selected, a secret is provided in order to validate the token and obtain the
user information.

![](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ging/fiware-idm/master/doc/resources/UserGuide_TokenTypeJwt.png)

Figure 2: JSON Web Token type

### Access Token Request with JWT

The JWT generation could be done through scope option in the request.

-   Authorization Code Grant and Implicit Grant should be included in URL as a
    query parameter. For instance in an Authorization Code request:

```bash
GET /oauth2/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=1&state=xyz
&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient%2Eexample%2Ecom%2Fcallback_url&scope=jwt HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
```

-   In the rest of grants it should be included in the body. For instance in a
    Resource Owner Password Credentials request:

```bash
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=password&username=demo&password=123&scope=jwt
```

In order to generate a permanent JWT, it should be included both permanent and
in the scope of the request.

-   For Authorization Code Grant and Implicit Grant:

```bash
GET /oauth2/authorize?response_type=code&client_id=1&state=xyz
&redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Fclient%2Eexample%2Ecom%2Fcallback_url&scope=jwt,permanent HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
```

-   For the rest of grants:

```bash
POST /oauth2/token HTTP/1.1
Host: idm-portal
Authorization: Basic czZCaGRSa3F0MzpnWDFmQmF0M2JW
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

grant_type=password&username=demo&password=123&scope=jwt,permanent
```

### Access Token Response

```bash
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Cache-Control: no-store
Pragma: no-cache

{
    "access_token":"eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.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.-fYFHyPjPpA52gTEqMjppmERqiIZDgGKG5bJqVh0o68",
    "token_type":"jwt",
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Photo by Michael Dumler
Ondi Timoner: "I was going to be the first woman president"
How did you transition from politics to film?
I wasn't one of those kids who grew up with a cinema paradiso dream. I was actually going to be the first woman president of the United States. I was a page in the Senate but the bureaucracy was overwhelming me, so I decided against it. Since that was out, I was like okay politics is no life for me. I was a writer, I was a musician. In fact, when I got into Yale I didn't even want to go. I wanted to go to California with my guitar. When I was at Yale I asked my parents for a video camera, and I can't for the life of me remember exactly why, but it wasn't like "oh I am going be a filmmaker".
Tell us about your first shoot.
I drove across the country with my brother and my roommate John Krokidas, who just made the film Kill your Darlings. I just started filming people in toll booths and convenience stores asking them what makes them happy and what they fear the most and I was amazed at the reaction. You know, the fact that people would get into debates about gays in the military and really get talking. Suddenly buying a bag of chips and a soda was way more exciting and interesting with the camera in my hand. We called it Three Thousand Miles and a Woman with a Video Camera, because that's what a truck driver said when I asked him what he fears the most. I felt the camera was a bridge into the hearts and minds of people, and that led to me to make my first feature film.
Is it true you directed your first feature film at the age of 20?
I shot my first film my junior year when I was 19. In my senior year I only took classes where the teacher would let me make a film instead of write a final paper. I made five hour-long films that year. One of them was about women in prison, and that's what got me hooked on documentary film-making. I would spend the day interviewing them, and stereotypes faded away. As I drove outside the prison walls with their stories in my video camera I felt like I was freeing their voices from inside, and that became the title of the film – Voices From Inside Time. Many women in there told me about a woman named Bonnie Jean Foreshaw. This all led to my first feature film called The Nature of the Beast, which was about Bonnie Jean Foreshaw. She was the first person in the State of Connecticut to shoot and kill a pregnant woman, which she did by accident while defending herself from this man. The man actually testified to pulling the pregnant woman in front of him and using her as a shield. She became a pro life test case to put feticide laws on the books. It was incredible. My brother and a Yale professor moved in and we had the U.S. Constitution open every night.
It sounds like your first film was a hands-on course in dramatic storytelling.
I had a need to retell her [Bonnie Jean Foreshaw] story and I felt like people were looking at documentaries at that time in the mid 90's like eating spinach or reading history books, like far too educational to be entertaining. And so I was determined to shoot something that was suspense driven and unfolds over time.
Is there a lesson you learned on your first shoot that you still carry with you today?
I discovered that I have to shoot my own movies, because I let a news cameraman shoot The Nature of the Beast, and that's the only part that doesn't feel like it's mine. I have to approach interviews knowing what I hope to get out of them, but knowing that I won't get there by just asking a list of questions. It's about getting on the wavelength with the person, and allowing them to talk about what's important to them. You get where you need to get going in a very organic way.
What makes a great documentary director?
You've got to be someone who is able to gain people's trust and to keep it. You're driving the story but you're open to finding clues that lead you to the truth. I think that's really important. It's a combination of "I'm in control, but you're in control too." You need to inspire confidence in your subjects. You need to be sensitive and compassionate while earning the trust to gain access to the person you are interviewing. The other thing that's really, really important is tenacity. You have to be someone who's absolutely, purely dedicated to telling the story in the best way possible no matter what it takes.
Do you also edit your own films?
Editing is where most of the writing happens. So it's very important to be the editor of your own films. I also shoot all my films, so I know where the story is heading, but the magic of connecting all the dots and making a seamless ride for the audience happens in the editing room.
Can you tell us about your latest project?
I'm in the middle of a Kickstarter campaign for a web based portal called A Total Disruption, which will probably lead to several feature films. The website is called ATotalDisruption.com. We're 123% funded with one week left. We're in the midst of a revolution driven by technology right now. This unique moment in time where open source combined with human ingenuity is providing a rate of progress we've never seen before in history. I want to bring the audience into the process and to share what I have been documenting. It's basically feeding the innovator in everybody, because in this day and age, not only do we have the opportunity, we have the absolute obligation to survive and to do what we love, and leverage our ideas into reality. We have to look at and be aware of the way people are designing this world with technology, how they're doing it and why they're doing it and the democratizing nature of it. We have more power in our pockets today with our smartphones than we had in all the world's computers five years ago. A big part of my mission is to empower people to use that, not just be used by it.
Any advice for up-and-coming documentary filmmakers?
Realize that it's going to be a journey. It's going to take years if you're going to make a great film. So don't make it on a whim. Don't make it about something you think is cool or trendy at the moment unless all you're after is a cheap high. At the end of the day you're going to emerge being a Phd in whatever topic you decide to make a film about, so you might as well make it about something that is not only personally relevant to you but something you think the world needs to know. Another piece of advice is to bring the audience in as soon as possible.
Did you have any mentors when you first started out?
Richard Linklater and his film "Slacker" was highly influential, because he just followed the action as it unfolded. D.A. Pennebaker was my favorite doc film-maker. But honestly I didn't get my inspiration from other artists or their films. I get my inspiration from the subject I'm following. If that subject's an artist, then I will get my inspiration from their art. I didn't do research to figure out what style is cool or plan how I was going to make a film. I just went about making them. I didn't go to film school. I didn't use techniques out of books or have professors telling me what to do. I just had a camera and a person on the other side of it that blew me away, and that's it.
You've won the Grand Jury Prize at Sundance twice, so what you're doing seems to be working. What is your secret?
Documentaries and life unfold, and you have no idea where either will lead you, and that's a beautiful thing. If you have the guts, follow it. Follow your muse. Follow your questions and where they lead you. Follow and stick with great characters you know. The story will unfold. In life we have no idea what's happening. As it's happening we are like "Oh my God, why is this happening to me?" But when you look back you realize that one thing led to the next, and the serendipity of life can be extremely enlightening when captured in a film.
Ondi Timoner
Director / Interloper Films
Paul Rachman
Interview by Felix Thompson


7. Ukol ishni qanday qilib?
10. What is the Half Life of Testosterone?
What is considered to be the "yarim hayot" of a steroid?
It is the amount of time it takes for the level of steroid in your body to deplete to half of the originally administered amount.
If you understand how steroid half-lives work, you will become familiar with the best way to take steroids safely for the desired effects.
It will affect how frequently you take it and how long the steroid is detectable in your body.
For physique builders, correct timing of anabolic steroid administration requires a thorough understanding of half-life.
Without grasping the concept of half-life, bodybuilders warn that users may not be able to achieve optimal peak blood plasma levels of the drug in the body.
This can result in a wasted money and adverse health outcomes.onlayn Bu yerda huquqiy steroid sotib ol.
The values vary significantly between steroids.
Take for example 3 commonly sought after steroids.
Q: What is the half life of testosterone enanthate?
Q: What is the half life of Deca?
Q: What is the half life of Stanozolol?
As the steroids half life chart below will show you, the range is quite striking.
ham, there is considerable variation in reported half lives of anabolic steroids between different bodybuilding websites.
The numbers shown were compiled from various sources online, but have not been scientifically verified.
odatda, injectable steroids have a much longer half-life than oral steroids, so we've broken the two up into two different charts.
An alternative route would be through gels, transdermal yamalar, yoki krem, which are applied topically.
deb aytdi, the use of anabolic steroids with the intent of performance and physique improvement is usually accomplished through either injection or oral administration.
Upon arrival into the bloodstream (once they make the initial pass through the liver), the effects can be quite immediate.
While such oral anabolic steroids undergo an initial pass through the liver, hepatic metabolism by the liver won't put the brakes on the release of hormones into the bloodstream in most cases.
One reason the half-lives of oral steroids are briefer than the consumable counterpart is their prompt exposure to liver metabolism, which expedites quicker metabolism and purging of the hormone in and out of the body.
Oral anabolic steroid half-lives typically vary between 4 soat uchun 2 kun, based on what anabolic steroid was taken.
There are a couple of different injectable anabolic steroids, the first of which are oil-based injectables.
odatda, injectable steroid half-lives are lengthier than the half-lives of oral anabolic steroids. This is due to the nature of water and oil-based injections, which are developed to form a deposit in the muscle tissue they are inserted into.
ammo, there is an extra property of many injectables that prolongs the steroid's half-lives further: esterification.
Half-lives of injectable anabolic steroids can vary between 1 uchun 15 days based on the type of anabolic steroid taken, if it's esterified, and what type of ester is binding it.
Upon injection of an anabolic steroid, it is released into the bloodstream from the injection site at a moderate pace. so'ng, the body's esterase enzymes will separate the anabolic steroid from its ester once in the bloodstream.
ammo, after the anabolic steroid hormone is released from the ester, what remains is an active and pure anabolic steroid that is ready to perform in the body.
Masalan, un-estered and pure Testosterone displays a half-life of about 4 uchun 24 soat, while Testosterone Propionate displays a half-life of 4.5 kun. Testosterone Enanthate displays an even lengthier half-life of 7 uchun 10 days in the body.
Esterification was intentionally developed by scientists in the 1930s for the sake of purposefully prolonging the half-life of various anabolic steroids.
Many anabolic steroids, if un-esterified, will display a very minimal half-life, making them useless for clinical or performance use because they warrant way too many injections.
Esterification properly prolongs the half-life of anabolic steroids to durations that would warrant much less injection frequency, va kabi, offer more comfortable injection schedules.
What causes steroid levels to deplete in the body over time? The three metabolic processes: yutilish, degradation, and elimination.
Confusion often surrounds these terms, as they sound like they might be synonymous. ammo, they are not.
o'rniga, the active life is how long the steroid produces the desired effect for the user, because there is still enough of the substance remaining in the system.
Atama "active half-life" is often used in these cases, and while this may incorrectly conflate two different terms, it can also serve as helpful shorthand.
The concept of a half-life is important to the comprehension of all substances, dorilar, and foods consumed.
This is applicable to just about every science discipline: biology, physics, chemistry, va yana. There are numerous descriptions of what a half-life entails, lekin; they only vary moderately.
The basic idea of a half-life – with regards to pharmacology and biology – is the duration necessary for a drug, modda, or food to be lowered to half of the initial administered dose once taken.
Masalan, if 100mg of Testosterone Propionate is injected into someone, and it comes with a half-life of 4.5 kun, then in 4.5 kun, just 50mg of the compound will be left over in the individual's body.
The longer the half-life of an anabolic steroid, the more time will be needed for the gains to 'kick-in' aylanishi davomida.
Masalan, several oral anabolic steroids display a half-life of 4 soat, while others will display a half-life of 24 soat. This is due to several anabolic steroids being substantially more immune to metabolism in the liver (va boshqa sohalarda).
Bosh, garchi, any medication, ovqat, anabolik steroid, element, and chemical at some point is metabolized and removed from the body – no drug or anabolic steroid will remain active in the body forever.
What is the Half Life of Testosterone?
Since there are individual half-lives for various anabolic steroids out there, not all anabolic steroids can be taken the same way or in the same frequency.
Methandrostenolone (Dianabol), masalan, displays a half-life of about 4 uchun 6 soat, which may need numerous daily administrations to maintain stable blood levels of the hormone. The same can't be said for Stanozolol (Winstrol), which comes with a 9-hour half-life in the body.
For physique and performance improvement, regular intake of anabolic steroids helps maintain optimal and stable levels of blood plasma levels of the drug.
Physique builders regularly exceed medically recommended dosages, and engage in a greater injection frequency, to maintain maximum levels of peak blood plasma quantities of the hormone.
Testosterone Enanthate displays a half-life of 7 uchun 10 kun, and acute reductions in blood plasma levels start to happen several days prior to the half-life period's end.
Masalan, if a person is to take 500mg weekly of 500mg of Testosterone Enanthate via a couple of weekly injections, they would normally take 250mg for each injection.
Someone taking 50mg of Dianabol daily will often take their doses once every 2 uchun 4 soat.
For many steroids, eight weeks is usually a good minimum amount of time for the on-cycle, bilan 12 weeks being a good maximum on-cycle time – but obviously this will depend on the steroid.
The off-cycle should usually be the same amount of time as the on-cycle. On-cycle, albatta, is the term for when you are using a steroid on a regular basis, and off-cycle is when you are off the steroid.
Detection time differs greatly from the steroids half-life, albatta. Knowing both are important for anyone considering taking them.
Masalan, although there is only a 7 to 10-day half-life of Testosterone Enanthate, some people may metabolize the compound within five days, while others may metabolize it within 12.
Fortunato RS va boshq . [anabolik steroidlar abuse va qalqonsimon funktsiyasi ta'siri]. Arq Bras Endocrinol metabo. 2007 Dec;51(9):1417-24. Review. Portugaliya.
STRANO-Rossi S va boshq . androgen anabolik steroidlar ham analitik metodlarni (Paganların yordam so'ragan) antidoping va sud-maqsadlarda tahlil. Mini Vah Midiya Chem. 2011 May;11(5):451-8. Review.
Bahrke MS va boshq . endojen testosteron darajasi va erkaklar orasida anabolik-androjenik Ukol psixologik va qiziqishlariga ta'sir. A sharh. Sport Midiya. 1990 Nov;10(5):303-37. Review.
Yesalis EC va boshq . [sportchilarning anabolik steroidlar]. Vena tibbiyot Haftalik. 1992;142(14):298-308. Review. Germaniya.
Massé R va boshq . anabolik steroidlar ustida tadqiqotlar. men. siydikda anabolik steroid metabolitlari gaz xromatografik-ommaviy spektrometrik tahlil qilish kompleks uslubiy yondashuv. J Chromatogr. 1989 Apr 7;489(1):23-50. Review.
Hickson RC va boshq . anabolik steroidlar salbiy ta'siri. Midiya Toxicol Nojo'ya Drug Exp. 1989 Jul-Aug;4(4):254-71. Review.
Bahrke MS va boshq . endogen testosteron va anabolik-androjenik Ukol psixologik va qiziqishlariga ta'sir. An yangilash. Sport Midiya. 1996 Dec;22(6):367-90. Review.
Abril Torre L va boshq . [anabolik steroidlar olgan bemorlarga erkak bepushtlik boshqarish]. Bittaga Esp urol. 2005 Apr;58(3):241-4. Ispaniya.
Moraes DR va boshq . ["yo'q" hasrat yosh tana geliştirmecilerin uchun, "ha" manthers uchun: anabolik steroidlar va salomatligiga biotibbiyotshunolik til]. SAPR Saud PÚBLICA. 2015 Jun;31(6):1131-40. doi: 10.1590/0102-311X00068914. ePub 2015 Jun 1. Review. Portugaliya.
Melnik B va boshq . Abuse of anabolic-androgenic steroids and bodybuilding acne: bir jiddiy sog'liqni saqlash muammosi. J Dtsch Dermatol GES. 2007 Feb;5(2):110-7. Review. Ingliz tili, Germaniya.
Suzuki H. [anabolik steroidlar boshqaruvida Progress]. Naika. 1967 Jun;19(6):1051-62. Review. Yaponiya. mavjud emas mavhum.
Navarro VJ va boshq . o'simlik va parhez qo'shimchalar dan Jigar jarohati. gepatologiya. 2017 Jan;65(1):363-373. doi: 10.1002/hep.28813. ePub 2016 Nov 17. Review.
Qo'zi DR. yengil atletika bilan anabolik steroidlar: Qanday yaxshi, ular mehnat qilish va ular qanday xavfli? Am J Sport Midiya. 1984 Jan-Feb;12(1):31-8. Review.


text:
Українська Русский English
WarinUkraine
Ukraine Army destroys about 26,000 enemy troops and 1,170 tanks
[social_warfare]
Post author: Novac Chezlav
Russia has already lost about 26,000 troops in Ukraine (+350 over the past day).
The relevant statement was made by the General Staff of the Armed Forces of Ukraine on Facebook, an Vigilant correspondent reports.
Between February 24, 2022 and May 10, 2022, the enemy's total combat losses included also 1,170 tanks (+25 over the past day), 2,808 armored fighting vehicles (+44), 519 artillery systems (+6), 185 multiple launch rocket systems (+0), 87 anti-aircraft warfare systems (+0), 199 aircrafts (+0), 158 helicopters (+0), 1,980 motor vehicles and fuel tanks (+10), 12 boats/cutters (+0), 380 unmanned aerial vehicles (+3), 41 special equipment units (+0). A total of 94 enemy cruise missiles (+0) were shot down.
Over the past day, Russian troops have suffered the highest losses in the Avdiivka direction. The data are yet to be updated.
A reminder that, on February 24, 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin initiated a full-scale invasion of Ukraine, starting a war. Russian troops are shelling and destroying the key infrastructure facilities, launching missile and air strikes on residential areas in Ukrainian cities and villages, torturing and murdering civilians.
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Russian parliamentary leader threatens NATO with nuclear weapons that will "destroy" it
MI5 refused to investigate 'Russian spy's' links to Tories, says whistleblower
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