The 11 recordings here represent the last time the three remaining Doors ever recorded together. The music is variously jazzy, bluesy, funky and smoky depending on the type of rap Ford is laying down. Geggy Tah's Tommy Jordan and Fishbone's Angelo Moore also participated in the project and you can hear their vocal contributions on many of the tracks.
Ford is a beautiful poet in the beat tradition and you can hear traces of Jack Kerouac and Charles Bukowski in his words. His voice is low and mellifluous and tracks rhythmically over the grooves laid down by Manzarek, Densmore and Krieger. He talks about amphibians and clubs long gone, about Desert Storm, advertising and orange groves.
Ray Manzarek died a year ago today, but before the famed Doors keyboardist left us, he worked on one more project with his old band mates Robby Krieger and John Densmore. All three founding Doors members are featured on poet Michael C Ford's latest album, Look Each Other in the Ears, which will be released on June 10.
The album features 11 recordings highlighted by Ford's thought-provoking spoken-word musings set to funky, jazzy, bluesy and atmospheric music played by Manzarek, Krieger and Densmore. Geggy Tah's Tommy Jordan and Fishbone's Angelo Moore also contributed their vocal talents to the project.
Ford is a longtime associate of The Doors, who attended film school with Manzarek and Jim Morrison, and was in the running to play bass with the band before the group's members decided they didn't need a bassist. Ford, who went on to receive nominations for a Pulitzer Prize and a Grammy, dedicates the album to Manzarek, and points out in the liner notes that both Ray and Jim helped inspire his artistic pursuits as a writer.
There were a lot of poet/filmmakers at the UCLA film school. Of course, Jim Morrison and Ray Manzarek, but also Michael C Ford who met Ray Manzarek at the UCLA film school. When The Doors were first formed, Ford was considered as a bass player for the band. Ford went on to become a well known poet achieving some of the poetic accolades Jim Morrison had envisioned for himself (he was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize and Grammy Award). Michael C. Ford was also friends with the other members of The Doors, he appeared with Jim Morrison and Robby Krieger at the Cinematheque Theater 16 readings. Manzarek liked setting music to poet's words, he appeared with and released CDs with Beat poet Michael McClure (see related articles below). This June 10th Ford has a new CD, "Look Each Other in the Ears" coming out. Manzarek, Krieger, and John Densmore all play on the CD.
"Look Each Other in the Ears" is coming out June 10, 2014. You can pre-order and listen to samples of the poem/songs on Amazon.
When The Doors first formed Michael C Ford was considered for the bass player position, however, it was decided that keyboardist Ray Manzarek would play the bass on his organ instead. This decision gave the Doors their unique sound. Michael went on to become a Pulitzer Prize, Grammy nominated poet while all along remaining close friends and collaborators with the band as they rose to international stardom. This album marks a reunion and the last recording for the three Doors members, Ray Manzarek, Robby Krieger and John Densmore, backing up Michael C Ford as he recites his poetry. Vocal choruses are added by Tommy Jordan (Geggy Tah) and Angelo Moore (Fishbone).
Pre- order the CD on Amazon. Vinyl LP and Mp3 downloads available soon. Official release date is June 10, 2014.
When I first met Michael C. Ford, he didn't have a C in his name. He was just Michael Ford… but he had hair. The late, great, Ray Manzarek introduced him as one of his film school buddies. He was the first guy I d ever seen with Beatle hair. Or Rolling Stone hair. Michael said he played bass, and we needed a bass player… we thought. Then we found a keyboard bass that Ray could play with his left hand, and decided we didn't need one. But Michael Ford already looked like a rocker. I aspired to that.
January 14, 2014 / High Noon.
This is called "blogging" but it/s really all about LOGGING: that is logging in observations and remembrances and daydreaming. And, if it/s about WRITING, surely then it is, with every poke on typewriter buttons, asking the question of why the necessity to write all these lines of revelation. That question needs to be answered with another question: how can I know what I know until I see what I say?
Writing is like linear and non-linear smokesignals: messages to the rest of us, whether our words are filling a blank page or scripted across a computer screen, we are basically allowing ourselves to offer information we think will inspire compatible thoughts in similar image-minds out there in cyber land.
Relating this to what has been inspiring over the years in the evolving history of the art form of Poetry in Los Angeles, specifically and the rest of the world incidentally, allow me to remind you of a Beyond Baroque eventthis Sunday afternoon, Wanda Coleman/s poetry and prose contributions to American urban literature will be reviewed and revered in the Memorial her soul-mate Austin Straus has arranged to be presented at The Church In Ocean Park at 2:pm on this coming-up Sunday January 19.


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Osun No Longer a Civil Service State – Aregbesola
The Governor of Osun, Ogbeni Rauf Aregbesola, has said that in spite all odds, his administration has turned Osun from being a civil service state to commercial, industrial and agricultural based state. He was the special guest of honour at Raufnomics III, the colloquium organised in his honour on the occasion of his 61th birthday, held at Aurora Events Centre, Osogbo on Sunday.
Speaking at the event, he expressed gratitude to God for making all his aspirations to come to fruition, noting that his government has in the last seven and half years impacted positively on the lives of every resident in the state.
Aregbesola stated, "Against all odds, the joy I have is the fact that our administration has given Osun a true identity it deserves as we have executed myriads of pro-people projects that have in one way or the other impacted greatly in their lives.
"Today we are proud that Osun has transited from civil service economy to rural agrarian, commercial and industrial based economy as being reflected in the latest rating of Osun as a state with highest human condition of happiness in Nigeria.
"We have done so much for our people, we have put in place indelible landmarks hard to be surpassed by anyone as our state is of today being rated as one of the most peaceful states with minimal unemployment rate in Nigeria", Aregbesola enthused.
The governor also described 'Jonathanomics', the economic philosophy of former President Goodluck Jonathan as one in which oil proceeds are shared directly by PDP leaders and their cronies without remittance to the federation account. The amount lost to this, according to Governor Aregbesola, was more than N8 trillion of which Osun's share should have been a whooping N75 billion, enough to complete all his projects and pay workers full salaries.
"Jonathanomics is undoubtedly the direct spending of oil proceeds by PDP big wigs without remittance to the federation account, in an unmitigated primitive accumulation of the commonwealth by a coterie of government insiders and their outside cronies. While PDP leaders were becoming stupendously rich, the country and its states become poorer" said the Osun Governor.
Speaking earlier at the programme, as the guest speaker, the Registrar and Chief Executive Officer of Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB), Professor Is-haq Olanrewaju Oloyede, described the infrastructural development which Osun has witnessed in the last seven and half years of Governor Rauf Aregbesola as unprecedented in the history of the state.
[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9hMzFgEk68Y?ecver=1&w=854&h=480] He said whoever that is sane must commend Aregbesola for aggressively transforming Osun and taking the state out of the shackles of retrogression and backwardness.
The JAMB Registrar lauded the Aregbesola's administration for prioritizing the welfare of the citizens with the provision of basic infrastructural developments in all sectors.
He said the present administration in Osun has shown to the world the need for the enthronement of good government, governance and representation as being seen in the quality of services rendered and leadership exhibited by governor Aregbesola.
Oloyede described Osun as one of the few states in Nigeria that are blessed with good leadership, a favour he said has helped to reposition Osun beyond human expectation.
The JAMB boss lauded the efforts of Governor Aregbesola in the education sector, saying Osun has laid a worthy precedence that should be emulated by any government that desires quality education.
While commending the social investment programmes of the Aregbesola's administration, the JAMB Registrar said Osun has made a huge difference in all spheres of life.
"Whoever that is sane must know that Aregbesola has done well. I am not a praise-singer neither I my a sycophant but to say the truth, Osun is lucky to have a personality like Aregbesola as governor because his emergence has not only repositioned Osun but transformed it beyond expectation.
"Every time I come to Osun, I wonder why people are not celebrating Mr Governor as much as I thought because we all knew how Osun was before and how it is now as we have seen changes here and there.
"He (Aregbesola) has changed the face of Osun through massive infrastructural development especially in the education and road construction sectors which I have testified to by myself.
"Osun is one of the states I can beat my chest on in terms of transformation, growth and development. I have seen good road networks that were not there before; I have seen schools with state-of-the-arts facilities across the nooks and crannies of the state.
"Aregbesola's achievements beyond what anyone can fault, though it is far from what we hear in the media but I believe without any reservation that we are lucky to have Aregbesola as Governor.
"I am saying this emphatically because Aregbesola has performed excellently well by my assessment which I can justify by the facts I have gathered and seen by myself.
"I have brought a lot of people to Osun to come and see wonders going on in the state and as I am talking to you Osun has become a model of development in Nigeria", Oloyede stressed.
Speaking on the theme of the colloquium: "Functional Education as a Tool for National Development and a Gateway to Freedom", Oloyede called for quality, qualitative and functional education as the path to all round growth and development.
"For us to earn functional education as a tool for national development and a gateway to freedom, no effort must be spared to review our academic curriculum to suit the present and future challenges as functional education is the bedrock of freedom and bedrock of development
Since the essence of acquiring education is to be self-sustaining, self-dependent, and to be useful for oneself, society and nation at large and to serve humanity, thus no effort must be spared to promote quality and functional education", he added.
Reno Omokri Attacks President Buhari For Asking Nigerians To Stop Honoring Thieves
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BREAKING: Tension As 24-hour Curfew Declared In Kajuru
JUST IN: I'll Reclaim My Mandate, Says Atiku

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Bird of the Week: Canada Warbler
Laura Tangley | Last Updated: January 8, 2016
A male Canada warbler rests on a branch in Ohio's Crane Creek State Park. Photo by Darlene Friedman.
Across the United States, tens of thousands of birds that have wintered in Mexico, Latin America and the Caribbean are on the move this month, making their way toward breeding grounds in North America. To celebrate the amazing long-distance feats performed by these birds, as well as raise awareness about the threats migratory species face, communities throughout the continent are sponsoring a variety of activities for International Migratory Bird Day, this Saturday, May 14.
Frequent Fliers
Among the hundreds of species migrating this month, one of the most remarkable is the Canada warbler, a colorful little insect eater that spends less time on its summer breeding grounds than do most Neotropical migrants—no more than two months total. The birds breed in cool, moist forests across the northeastern United States, boreal Canada and along the central ridge of the Allegheny Mountains as far south as Georgia. They winter along the western slope of the Andes Mountains, from western Guyana to northwestern Bolivia. The Canada warbler is one of the last warblers to arrive north in spring and one of the first to leave in fall.
Biologists still know very little about the behavior of Canada warblers, but according to the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, the species appears to be monogamous year-round—somewhat unusual among birds. Pairs of the warblers have been spotted together during both spring and fall as far from their breeding territory as Panama.
Declining Populations
Scientists also know that the Canada warbler has been declining in recent decades. According to the Boreal Songbird Initiative, the species' numbers in the southern part of its breeding range initially decreased due to forest clearing during the 1700s and 1800s. Beginning in the 1900s, its populations grew to, then surpassed, original levels as farmland was returned to forest.
But data from the North American Breeding Bird Survey show a 3.2 percent annual decline (in the species' breeding range) since 1980. Forest fragmentation and disturbance are most likely to blame. Meanwhile, Andean forests in the warblers' winter range also are being lost as are critical stopover sites along the birds' spring and fall migratory routes.
Voice: Song is an irregular jumble of rich, sweet notes, with an introductory tchip note and syncopated rhythm. Call is a sharp tsik.
Sources: Cornell Lab of Ornithology's All About Birds, Boreal Songbird Initiative and National Wildlife Federation Field Guide to Birds of North America.
Learn about the threats confronting warblers and other migratory species.
Find out what you can do to help migratory birds in and around your home.
Six top birders share the best places to go birding during spring migration.
May is Garden for Wildlife Month
May is peak migration time for hundreds of species of birds that breed throughout North America. Here at the National Wildlife Federation, it is also when we celebrate Garden for Wildlife Month. During spring and fall migration, birds particularly need food, water and safe places to rest during their long journeys–and you easily can provide these in your own backyard.
Enter Our Photo Contest!
Darlene Friedman took this photo of a Canada warbler in Ohio's Crane Creek State Park and entered it in the annual National Wildlife photo contest two years ago. Why not enter your best shots this year in the 41st annual National Wildife Photo Contest? Winners in seven categories (including birds) will appear in National Wildlife magazine alongside images taken by some of the world's top nature photographers.
Wildlife Facts | birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Garden for Wildlife, migratory birds, National Wildlife Photo Contest
Written by Laura Tangley
Delivering Schools of Salmon
Quiz: Who's Your Spooky Creature?


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Le Mémorial Sabin Foruria est une course cycliste espagnole disputée chaque année à Markina-Xemein (Biscaye), dans la communauté autonome du Pays basque. Elle fait partie du calendrier du Torneo Lehendakari.

La course sert régulièrement de parcours pour le championnat régional du Pays basque, comme en 2019.

Palmarès depuis 1999

|-
| 1999 ||  Ion Unamuno ||  Iván Gutiérrez ||  Samuel Sánchez
|-
| 2000 ||   ||  Unai Barazabal ||  Julen Urbano
|-
| 2001 ||  Alberto Rodríguez ||  Aitor Hernández ||  Koldo Fernández
|-
| 2002 ||  Aitor Hernández ||  Joseba Zumeta ||  Félix Vidal Celis
|-
| 2003||  Iban Iriondo ||  Igor Antón ||  Iker Leonet
|-
| 2004||  Andoni Lafuente ||  Daniel Sesma ||  Tomasz Marczyński
|-
| 2005 ||   ||  Javier Etxarri ||  Beñat Intxausti
|-
| 2006 ||  David Abal ||  Rubén Reig ||  Joseba Larralde
|-
| 2007||  Jonathan Castroviejo ||  Gorka Izagirre ||  Gurutz Larrea
|-
| 2008 ||  Markel Antón ||  Sebastián Tamayo ||  Garikoitz Bravo
|-
| 2009||  Ion Izagirre ||  Noel Martín ||  Ramón Domene
|-
| 2010 ||  Peio Bilbao ||  Ibai Salas ||  Rubén Fernández
|-
| 2011 ||  Sergio Ruiz Estévez ||  Haritz Orbe ||  Rubén Fernández
|-
| 2012 ||  Fernando Grijalba ||  Jon Larrinaga ||  Antonio Pedrero
|-
| 2013 ||  Ibai Daboz ||  Egoitz Fernández ||  Antonio Pedrero
|-
| 2014 ||  Jonathan Lastra ||  Elías Vega ||  Ander Plazaola
|-
| 2015 ||  Julen Amezqueta ||  Alain Santamaría ||  Jonathan Lastra
|-
| 2016 ||  Iker Azkarate ||  Isaac Cantón ||  David Civera
|-
| 2017 ||  Mikel Alonso ||  Pablo Alonso ||  Óskar Malatsetxebarria
|-
| 2018 ||  Dzmitry Zhyhunou ||  Yacine Hamza ||  Marcos González
|-
| 2019 ||  Iker Ballarin ||  Víctor Etxeberria ||  Unai Iribar
|-
|
| colspan=3 align=center| annulé
|-
| 2021
|  Santiago Mesa
|  Mikel Retegi
|  Rodrigo Álvarez
|-
| 2022
|  Xabier Berasategi
|  Enekoitz Azparren
|  Unai Esparza
|}

Notes et références

Liens externes

Compétition cycliste en Espagne
Cyclisme dans la communauté autonome du Pays basque
Biscaye

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Mural Lingo is a multi-platform studio that works at the intersection of technology and arts. At Mural Lingo, we aim to create immersive artistic experiences by using a combination of cutting edge technology and captivating mural paintings. Founded in 2014, we have worked with organisations such as Google, Red Cross, DBS, Deliveroo, Temasek Holdings, among others with whom we have developed private commissions, workshops, live events and CSR activities. As a socially and environmentally conscious enterprise, we reinvest a proportion of our profits into organising projects that encourage the use of art as a tool to raise awareness and promote critical dialogue on key societal issues. Additionally, we also play the role as the prime platform in Singapore for young artists and students alike to augment their career in the arts.
From institutions to enterprises, we've worked with an incredible range of talents.
We believe in using art as a tool to raise awareness, build communication and encourage critical dialogue on important social and global issues. Through our understanding of art's potential to transform society, we aim to develop activities that strives to mould our culture and our environment.
Whether it's traditional or modern, design requires attention to details. Versatility is our strength and as a collective, we're trained in painting, installation, design, illustration, mixed media and more.
Using the therapeutic effects of painting to improve the team building qualities of individuals is a brilliant way to foster better communication and relationships, and a unique way to convey a company's values and objectives.
Mural installations make great platforms to break down social barriers and bring individuals together to engage in face-to-face conversations during live events. Call us old fashioned but we still prefer traditional forms of communication.
As a registered social enterprise, we provide artistic support to selected community projects with a social impact and reinvest some of our profits into organizing projects or events that have the potential to transform our society.
We regularly organize art jamming sessions, 'pay as you wish' workshops, art film screening, experimental music performances, artist talks and other programmes at our studio. Sign up for our newsletter or follow us on Instagram & Facebook for more info.
We've done stage designs, curated exhibitions, participated in art fairs, and organized events according to the selected themes. If you have something in mind that we haven't thought about, get in touch and we'll see where we go from there.
One wall at a time."


A new report by security software provider IS Decisions has found that the lack of unique logins, manual logoffs and concurrent logins is putting confidential information in the legal sector at risk.
The report, 'Legal and Law Enforcement: Information Access Compliance', found that despite requirements by regulatory bodies, only 28 per cent of employees at law firms and law enforcement agencies in the UK are prevented from concurrent logins on multiple machines. This not only puts information at risk, it also narrows the options for investigation should something go wrong. Furthermore, one third (34 per cent) do not have a unique user login for their employer's network and 24 per cent do not require a login for access at all, despite this basic information security process being a requirement of any security standard, including Lexcel and ISO 27001.
The report also details how the legal sector is deploying security training, for both on-boarding new employees and those who have settled into their jobs. It showed that almost one third (31 per cent) did not receive any security training when they were employed and less than half (43 per cent) of existing employees receive IT security training. Furthermore, 69 per cent have access to information such as case files and crime data, but half do not have an automatic logoff procedure in place.


game_mod is a special modification for Call of Duty: Black Ops that allows users to play custom maps, enables the developer console, adds a menu option to load mods, etc. developed by Nukem & myself.
Where can I download game_mod?
game_mod can be downloaded from LinkerMod's releases page on GitHub ( [You are not allowed to view external links. Register or Login to see them] ). Its highly recommended that you download the latest version.
Can I upload game_mod on [insert site here]?
Please don't! The releases page on GitHub hosts all versions of game_mod – uploading duplicates of game_mod causes a large amount of confusion for users and can result in different users having incompatible versions of game_mod. Furthermore, versions of game_mod from another sources may contain malicious code or viruses!
Should I package game_mod with my mod?
Modder's should not package game_mod within their mods, if the mod you downloaded came prepackaged with game_mod, you should install the official version of game_mod over the one that was packaged with the mod.
Why? Depending on how trustworthy the developer of the mod is, they could have compiled a custom version of game_mod which has the potential to contain malicious code. It's better to use the official version to be ensure the safety of the version of game_mod you are using.
I believe I found a bug in game_mod!
If you believe you have found a bug, and can provide steps to reproduce it, as well as an accurate description of what occurs – file an issue on the LinkerMod GitHub project here ( [You are not allowed to view external links. Register or Login to see them] ), and apply the game_mod label. Please check to see if the issue was posted already before posting a duplicate issue.
I wish to contribute to the development of game_mod.
If you wish contribute to the development of game_mod file a pull request on the GitHub page here ( [You are not allowed to view external links. Register or Login to see them] ).
Does it mean that's possible to create custom maps for BO1?
While this does add support for custom maps, Radiant is not included as its still a WIP.
How can i download custom maps?
Could you add radiant so i could play it?
I'm so glad people can finally make maps for BO1. Although the majority of people will be moving on to BO3 mods soon, at least in mean time people will be able to create some awesome maps on a much smoother engine than WaW.
Thank you for making this masterpiece, and I can't wait to see the maps made with this.
So, we'll be able to play and create custom zombie maps on Black Ops now?


text:
VIDEO ARCHIVESCHEDULETOPICSABOUT FRONTLINEBUY DVDSTEACHERS
2013 | A Rough Year for Iran
Comment | The Complex Mechanics of Removing US Sanctions on Iran
Dispatch | Yalda: The Evolution of an Iranian Tradition
2013 | Tehran Bureau
Analysis | Drones and the US-Iran Shadow War
New Media | Against a Shattered Justice System, the Power of YouTube
History | On Iranians, Drinking Wine, and Cultural Stereotyping
Video | The English Barrier
Passport | A Gulf, a Strait, and a Sea
News | Majles Backflips in Election Law Folly; What's New Is Old in Nuke Policy
Elections | Defining Democracy Down: Iran's New Presidential Election Law
Diaspora | Community (Re)Defined: Hailing Successes, Recognizing Failures
Media Watch | Conservative Bloggers in Iran: Beheshti and Citing Ahmadinejad
Debate | A Democratic and Unified Opposition Is a Strategic Imperative
In Focus | Nasrin Sotoudeh Ends Hunger Strike after Daughter's Travel Ban Lifted
Dispatch | A Faith of Their Own: Islam and Iranian Youth
News | Sotoudeh in Critical Condition; 'Maturity' Test for Women's Passports?
News | US Sets March Deadline for Nuke Cooperation; Iran Girds for Assad's Fall
Dispatch | Government in a Fog as Recession Looms ... or Has It Arrived?
Elections | Senior Ayatollah: No Free Vote in Sight, Iran Ruled with 'Lies'
Analysis | Iran's Nuclear Program: A Shift in the Winds?
Death of a Blogger | Call for Top E-Cop to Resign; Police Admit 'Negligence'
Q&A | Iran's Post-U.S. Influence in Iraq
Society | A King Alone
Dispatch | Gaza and the Israeli-Hamas Conflict as Seen from Iran
Profile | Maryam's Temporary Matrimonies: A Story of Sigheh
Arts | Poetry in Translation: History and Romance in the Verse of H. E. Sayeh
Briefing | Satellite Wars: Why Iran Keeps Jamming
News | Report: Coroner Asserts Beheshti 'Died from Natural Causes'
Video | '10 Centimeters Too High': A Clerical Take on Sex Ed
Press Roundup
History Used and Abused
19 Aug 2009 16:472 Comments
In Nov. 1951, the British Embassy reported that Kashani was so disgruntled with Mosaddeq that he had put out "feelers" in many directions, including the royal court and the U.S. Embassy. "The Americans," reported the British Embassy, "have told us in the strictest confidence that he [ Kashani] has been in touch with them. His main thesis is the danger of communism and the need for immediate American aid." Ayatollah Kashani (white beard) pictured above with Navab Safavi.
History Recanted: The role of the clergy in the 1953 coup against Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh
By ERVAND ABRAHAMIAN
[TEHRAN BUREAU] On the eve of May Day 1983, Iranian television sprung a surprise on its viewers. It paraded veteran Tudeh leaders confessing to a host of major crimes, including that of advocating an "alien ideology." Public confessions in themselves were nothing new. Ever since 1981 a diverse array of political dissidents -- Maoists, Mosaddeqists, former Khomeinists, royalists, and Mojahedin activists -- had admitted to hatching "sinister conspiracies" and establishing "treasonable ties with foreign powers." Nor was the content of the Tudeh confessions entirely novel, for the Left had long been accused of "conspiring" to destroy the nation, disseminating "alien" concepts, and, most frequently of all, "spying" for the Soviet Union.
The surprise in these 1983 confessions, which continued intermittently for over ten months, was the prominence given to history. History featured in the recantations made by the three most important Tudeh figures: Nuraldin Kianuri, the seventy-one-year-old first secretary of the party; Ehsan Tabari, the organization's main theoretician since the mid-1940s; and Mahmud Behazin, a well-known author and fellow-traveler since the early 1940s. Behazin kicked off the first show with a lesson on the Islamic clergy's true understanding of the past, Marxism's misinterpretation of the course of history, and secular radicals' betrayal of the people of Iran through their "alien" ideology.
The three Tudeh leaders followed similar scripts. They began by greeting "Imam Khomeini, the Great Leader of the Revolution and Founder of the Islamic Republic." They stressed that their brief confinement in prison had provided them with the opportunity to study the past. Kianuri concluded his second long recantation by stressing that the Left needed to examine in great detail Iran's history and society. Tabari exclaimed that he had realized that his whole life's work was "spurious" as soon as the prison authorities introduced him to Islamic authors, notably Ayatollah Motahhari. Tabari explained that his own publications were useless because they had relied on foreign sources (Europeans, Zionists, Freemasons, and Soviet Marxists) and on Kasravi and Sangalaji, whose errors he recognized in prison as soon as he read Imam Khomeini's Kashf al-Asrar. A less important Tudeh leader, before being executed, limited his defense to thanking his jailers for turning the prison into a "university."
The Tudeh leaders all declared they wished to reveal their mistakes so that the younger generation would learn from them. Tabari, for instance, warned the youth that Marxism would inevitably cut them off from their own people, history, and culture. The Tudeh leaders praised the clergy for having heroically led the people throughout history, Behazin claiming that the clergy had enjoyed close links with the oppressed for over one thousand years. Kianuri stated that Marxism had no chance against the clergy since the latter were armed not only with "militant Islam" but also with age-old popular support. Moreover, they all argued that their "foreign ideology" had led them to "depend" on the Soviets, hatch conspiracies, misunderstand their own society, worship the intelligentsia, and disrespect the country's religious culture. In his first television appearance, Kianuri traced the source of "all our mistakes to our foreign ideology." In his later appearances, he no longer spoke of "mistakes" but of "illnesses," "sins," and "high treason."
Even more significant, the Tudeh leaders each cited the same four decisive points in history in which the Left had supposedly betrayed Iran: the Constitutional Revolution, especially the government's forceful disarming of Sattar Khan's fighters in 1910; the Jangali (Jungle) Resistance of 1915-21, ending with the death of its leader, Mirza Kuchek Khan, in the wooded mountains of Gilan; the rise of Reza Shah in 1921-25, particularly the opposition to his coronation mustered by Ayatollah Modarres; and Mosaddeq's 1951-53 administration, terminating with his overthrow in the notorious August 19 coup.
Since the 1983 television confessions, these four crises have featured prominently in government propaganda: in newspapers, radio broadcasts, Friday sermons, school textbooks, and even intellectual journals. Government officials sometimes cite these Tudeh recantations to prove their case. The Islamic Republic has certainly not treated history as bunk. Indeed, it has gone to considerable trouble -- with somewhat unconventional means -- to obtain the "historical truth."
Mosaddeq's Administration
Mosaddeq, although deceased since 1967, haunts the Islamic Republic. He does so because he embodied many political features the Islamic Republic admires, but few of the social ingredients it considers essential. He had an impeccable anti-Pahlavi record. He opposed the 1925 change of dynasty and, consequently, was cast out of politics for sixteen years; it was rumored that he came close to meeting the same fate as Modarres. During 1941-53, he persistently criticized the new shah's unconstitutional powers. After Mosaddeq's overthrow in the 1953 coup, he was imprisoned, released, and then once again forced into house imprisonment, where he eventually died.
Mosaddeq had an equally impeccable anti-imperialist record. He denounced the 1919 Anglo-Persian Agreement and the 1921 coup. He opposed economic capitulations in any shape or form as well as military alliances with the Great Powers. He led the 1944-45 opposition to the granting of an oil concession to the Soviet Union, and, of course, he launched the 1951 campaign to nationalize the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. In fact, he was one of the world's very first nonaligned leaders. What is more, he challenged the British and the shah with public support. He appealed directly to the masses, often bypassing Parliament, which he denounced at one point as a "den of thieves." A prominent royalist deputy exclaimed in exasperation:
Is our premier a statesman or a mob leader? What type of premier says "I will speak to the people" every time he faces a political problem? I always considered this man to be unsuitable for high office. But I never imagined, even in my worst nightmares, that a seventy-year-old would turn into a rabble-rouser. A man who surrounds Parliament with thugs is nothing less than a public menace.
Mosaddeq was no cleric nor was he willing to use religion against his opponents. On the contrary, he was a secular humanist and a typical offspring of the French Enlightenment. His thesis, written for a law degree at Lausanne, argued in favor of fully secularizing the legal system in Iran. His speeches used imagery from Iranian history and the Constitutional Revolution, not from Shii Islam. His closest advisers were young secular nationalists, some of whom -- especially those from the Iran party -- could be described as militantly anticlerical. His administration contained no clerics and few technocrats with clerical connections. He was reluctant to appoint Mahdi Bazargan as minister of education, suspecting that Bazargan would bring too much religion into the schools. What is more, a small group of religious fanatics known as the Fedayan-e Islam tried to assassinate Mosaddeq and wounded Hosayn Fatemi, his foreign minister.
Unable to exorcise Mosaddeq's ghost, the Islamic Republic has tried to contain it. High school textbooks allocate twelve pages to Kuchek Khan, four pages to Modarres, another four to Shaykh Nuri, and less than two to Mosaddeq -- about the same as given to Navab Safavi, the Fedayan-e Islam leader. Meanwhile, the mass media elevate Ayatollah [Abul Qasem] Kashani as the real leader of the oil nationalization campaign, depicting Mosaddeq as merely the ayatollah's hanger-on. Even more significant, the regime portrays the 1951-53 period as yet another example of leftist betrayal, arguing that the nationalist movement failed because it was stabbed in the back by the Tudeh.
This last theme plays well in nationalist circles precisely because it repeats the arguments the National Front has used ever since the 1953 coup. According to the National Front, Mosaddeq would have survived if the Tudeh had given him greater support, would have been able to counter the West if the Soviets had offered assistance, and would have been able to resist the coup if the Tudeh had been willing to mobilize its clandestine military network. These arguments, now Mosaddeqist catechisms, contain only half-truths. It is true that the Tudeh did not support the National Front initially, but by 1953 it had moved close to Mosaddeq. The Tudeh participated in pro-Mosaddeq demonstrations, helped scotch an attempted royalist coup, and called for the establishment of a republic. It was the only large organization to support Mosaddeq's highly controversial referendum of July 1953 proposing to dissolve Parliament. By then, ten of the original twenty founding members of the National Front had defected to the royalist camp. Khomeini, like many other clerics, opposed the 1953 referendum on the avowed grounds that it violated the fundamental laws of the 1906 constitution.
It is true that the Soviets did not go out of their way to help Mosaddeq, but this was as much due to the latter as the former. Mosaddeq's whole strategy was designed to obtain American support against the British. At the height of the Cold War he knew perfectly well that if he moved closer to the Soviets, he would automatically alienate the Americans. Even after the coup, he kept up the pretense that he had been overthrown not by the Americans but by the British.
It is also true that the Tudeh did not mobilize its military network to stop the coup, but again this had much to do with Mosaddeq's own decisions. On August 14, Kianuri, who was then the head of the Tudeh military network, informed Mosaddeq that a coup was in the making and provided him with a list of conspirators. Mosaddeq took no notice, saying that he had appointed most of these senior officers. On August 16, the same officers seized three cabinet ministers who were most in favor of an alliance with the Tudeh. On August 18, Mosaddeq, at the urging of the American ambassador, ordered the martial law authorities to clear the streets of all demonstrators. About six hundred Tudeh supporters were arrested. Finally, on August 19, when the coup was in progress, Kianuri phoned Mosaddeq to offer help, but Mosaddeq declined the offer on the grounds that "he did not want bloodshed" and that "events were now beyond his control." It is also significant that on the eve of the coup one of the main National Front papers pronounced the royalist danger to be dead and warned that the main threat now came from the Tudeh.
If Mosaddeq fell because of a "stab in the back," the stab came not so much from the Left as from the religious Right. From the very beginning, the clerical establishment had arrayed itself against the National Front. Ayatollah Behbehani, the senior cleric in Tehran and the grandson of the famous constitutional leader, had openly sided with the shah. The substantial influx of CIA money into the Tehran bazaar on the eve of the 1953 coup became known as "Behbehani dollars." Even more important, Ayatollah Borujerdi -- a staunch royalist and the leading marja-e taqlid from 1944 until his death in 1961 -- had tried to stem Mosaddeq's popularity by issuing an edict forbidding the clergy from participating in politics. He epitomized the conservative clergy, who claimed to be apolitical but in fact bolstered the royalist regime. Ruhani, Khomeini's main biographer, tries to explain Borujerdi's behavior by claiming that the "imperialists" had planted "agents" around him to isolate him from society.
Ayatollah Kashani was one of the few prominent clerics to ignore Borujerdi's ban and support Mosaddeq. The Islamic Republic makes much of Kashani's forthright rejection of the ban but takes care not to mention who issued the edict nor that Borujerdi was Khomeini's main mentor for nearly two decades. Even though Kashani publicly supported Mosaddeq, their relations were problematic from the very beginning. As early as November 1951, the British Embassy reported that Kashani was so disgruntled with Mosaddeq that he had put out "feelers" in many directions, including the royal court and the U.S. Embassy. "The Americans," reported the British Embassy, "have told us in the strictest confidence that he [ Kashani] has been in touch with them. His main thesis is the danger of communism and the need for immediate American aid." Similarly, in May 1952 the head of the British intelligence service in Tehran reported that a prominent royalist had boasted to him that the "shah's astute policies" had detached Kashani from Mosaddeq. He added, "I did not dispute this but would put on record that the detaching of Kashani was due to quite other factors, and that these factors were created and directed by the brothers Rashidian." (The Rashidian brothers were the main conduit of British intelligence service money into Iran.)
Kashani's opposition to Mosaddeq came into the open by mid-1953 once the latter issued a referendum to dissolve Parliament, drafted an electoral bill enfranchising women, tended to favor state enterprises over the bazaar, refused to ban alcohol, and declined amnesty to assassins from the Fedayan-e Islam. More mundane matters, such as the awarding of government contracts, also played a role. According to British intelligence, Kashani's two sons had set up a lucrative business buying and selling import licenses for prohibited goods using their father's threats. At this time Kashani also suddenly discovered that Mosaddeq's thesis, written thirty-five years earlier, had been anti-Islamic.
By mid-1953, Kashani was urging the bazaars to support General Zahedi, the nominal leader of the prospective coup. He also praised the shah for being "young," "kindhearted," and highly "popular." Kashani's closest supporters in Parliament, especially Shams Qanatabadi, Mozaffar Baqai, and Hosayn Makki (Modarres's biographer), denounced Mosaddeq as a dictator worse than Hitler and a Socialist more extreme than Stalin. They also accused Mosaddeq of being anti-Islamic on the grounds that he endangered private property. Hojjat al-Islam Mohammad Falsafi, a preacher who later became prominent in the Islamic Republic, actively participated in the coup by telling street audiences that Mosaddeq was intentionally paving the way for communism. The Fedayan-e Islam announced that they would cleanse Iran of such undesirable elements as Mosaddeq.
On the shah's triumphant return home on August 22, the Fedayan-e Islam newspaper hailed the coup as a "holy uprising," demanding Mosaddeq's execution and praising the shah as the world's Muslim hero. Not surprisingly, Navab Safavi, their leader, was promptly released from prison and permitted to go on a world tour. Meanwhile, Kashani told a foreign correspondent that Mosaddeq had fallen because he had forgotten that the shah enjoyed extensive popular support. A month later, he went even further and declared that Mosaddeq deserved to be executed because he had committed the ultimate offense: rebelling against the shah, "betraying" the country, and repeatedly violating the sacred law. Presumably this was Kashani's way of continuing the "crusade against imperialism and the Pahlavis."
Years later, when the Islamic Republic had been established, Falsafi praised Ayatollah Kashani as the real crusader against imperialism and the genuine precursor of Imam Khomeini. He also denounced Mosaddeq as a rabid secularist out to uproot religion from Iran. Similarly, Hasan Ayat -- who began his political career in Baqai's entourage and ended life as the most vocal lay proponent of theocracy -- argued that Mosaddeq, despite his image, was really an "agent" of Anglo-American imperialism. The evidence, according to him, was "overwhelming." Mosaddeq was an aristocrat who had joined the Freemasons in his youth, studied in Europe, and held numerous cabinet posts in the 1920s, which would have been impossible, so Ayat claimed, without British intrigue.
For his part, Khomeini often praised Kashani but rarely mentioned Mosaddeq. On one occasion, Khomeini claimed that unscrupulous secularists had so tarnished Kashani's reputation -- as they had done to Shaykh Nuri earlier -- that after 1953 this "great anti-imperialist fighter" had been too embarrassed to leave home. "People in the streets," Khomeini recounted, "would dress dogs as Ayatollah Kashani. Even fellow clerics lacked the courtesy to stand up when he entered a room." Khomeini ended this speech by stressing the need for a proper understanding of history to undo the damage done by the unscrupulous secularists. But nowhere in this speech nor at any other public occasion did Khomeini explain why he had been conspiculously absent from politics in the turbulent years of 1951-53. Was this due to Borujerdi's ban or because he disliked Mosaddeq's secularism as much as that of the Pahlavis? He took the secret to his mausoleum.
This is an excerpt from Khomeinism: essays on the Islamic Republic, first published in 1993. Reprinted with permission of the author.
Good article. Thank you.
Maziar / August 20, 2009 12:03 PM
Most Excellent. I think your books on Iran are foundational texts for all social scientists focusing on Iran.
Here is a list of Dr. Ebrahimian's scholarly books:
http://www.amazon.com/Ervand-Abrahamian/e/B001HOHAHO
swn / August 24, 2009 2:54 PM
FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of wgbh educational foundation.
web site copyright © 2008-2014 TehranBureau


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Emerging Technologies Enabled by the Cloud
By Shivam AroraLast updated on Mar 22, 2019235
Isn't it funny how quickly we get used to something that once was like a sparkly new gadget, but in no time it becomes something we take for granted and assume will always be there? Like Internet on airplanes—or anywhere for that matter. Do you remember when getting online away from the office meant going to a coffee shop and needing a paid account? But now we can be online just about anywhere, anytime. And we shrug our shoulders and forget just how amazing that is, because something new is on the horizon and now we're focused on that. That's just how tech works. It changes quickly and we adapt and look forward to the next great innovation.
It has even happened to cloud computing. When cloud computing first started making headlines, it was the innovative new technology that would transform computing as we knew it, and boy, did it make waves! Fast forward a few years and now cloud computing is the boring old norm, but with a twist. The cloud has evolved from being the new technology to being the driver of other new technologies. Emerging tech like Artificial Intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) would not be possible at scale without cloud computing as the enabler. Cloud computing makes these new technologies possible because they require loads of data and super-fast processing times on an as-needed basis.
If you've been considering a career in cloud computing—or a career move up the ladder in cloud computing—take a look at a few of the emerging technologies made possible by the cloud. Can you picture yourself working in one of these areas?
AI gets smarter (or intelligent) by processing data to learn and adjust, and 70 percent of enterprises are expected to implement AI by the end of 2018. The more data the AI can process, the smarter it can be. In a world that's generating data in volumes we couldn't even imagine 10 years ago, that takes a lot of computing power. Both the data and the need for computing power will only increase as more data is generated by driverless cars and IoT devices and plain old human usage of technology such as video. Cloud computing makes this possible by providing both the storage space and the power to do the computing as needed.
Because it enables the storage and processing of vast amounts of data, cloud computing also enables smart cities. Smart cities are municipalities using technology to do everything from regulating and monitoring utilities to the timing of traffic lights and the scheduling of the transit system. This wouldn't be possible without the cloud. Even if cities aren't deliberately setting out to be "smart," they will have to have some kind of digital infrastructure in the near future—and that will be provided by the cloud.
Driverless Cars and Trucks
In a similar way, cloud computing enables driverless—or autonomous—cars and trucks. Some of the new features we expect to come standard in our cars are already enabled by the cloud, such as our GPS devices and apps that let us know about traffic congestion. But for driverless cars and trucks, a constant feedback loop of data between the vehicle and the cloud must happen for the cars and trucks to safely navigate roads and situations.
And then there's the explosive growth of the Internet of Things (IoT). Gartner predicts the number of IoT devices will reach 50 billion by 2020. Although the IoT is indisputably an emerging technology, one that generates and requires massive amounts of data and fast connectivity, we get into a kind of cycle when we talk about IoT and cloud computing. IoT needs cloud computing but it is also driving yet another new technology: edge computing. The challenge with IoT devices is a need for computing that's closer to the source, and therefore the need for edge computing. So the cloud helps to make IoT possible which drives the need for edge…and it keeps evolving from there!
The Cloud Also Enables Innovation
In addition to enabling these big picture technologies that can affect us all, cloud computing can also drive innovation and competitive advantage at the enterprise level by making it possible for organizations to develop and test products in new ways. One pundit says 90 percent of business models might be driven by cloud computing by the year 2020.
Is Your Future in the Cloud?
The above is only a quick rundown of a few of the ways cloud computing enables and even drives emerging technologies. For you as a prospective cloud professional, it's obviously a fortuitous time to move into cloud computing…or to move up the ladder if you're already there. The job demand is strong yet the pool of qualified candidates is small: 46 percent of firms see the skills gap growing primarily because 96 percent of workers lack advanced skills. And with these new technologies emerging, new jobs will be created every day: Cloud is the second biggest driver of demand for technology skills, and these cloud computing jobs pay very well: For proof, see this list of 12 cloud computing jobs that pay over $113,000 per year. The salary for a cloud architect averaged $142,000 in October 2018.
If you'd like to move your future into the cloud, turn to Simplilearn for a head start. We offer certifications and courses in AWS, Azure, blockchain, Google Cloud, Kubernetes and more—much more. Study to be a cloud architect, get to know blockchain, or focus on one vendor like Azure. Courses are available for anywhere, anytime learning so you can set the pace and study while keeping up with your current job, while plenty of hands-on projects make the learning stick.
We already have a disturbing lack of qualified cloud computing professionals, and cloud's role in enabling and driving emerging technologies will no doubt create even more jobs in the coming years. Make your career move into this field, and watch your career evolve right alongside the cloud.
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Shivam Arora
Shivam Arora is a Senior Product Manager at Simplilearn. Passionate about driving product growth, Shivam has managed key AI and IOT based products across different business functions. He has 6+ years of product experience with a Masters in Marketing and Business Analytics.
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Sparton Rugged Electronics > FAQs > LCD Monitors > Are there thermal management issues with sunlight readable LCD's?
Are there thermal management issues with sunlight readable LCD's?
Yes -any high brightness backlight system will consume a significant amount of power, thereby increasing the LCD temperature. The brighter the backlight, the greater the thermal issue. As well, if the LCD is used under direct sunlight additional heat will be generated as a result of sunlight exposure. Temperature issues have been handled through proper thermal management design incorporating passive and active cooling methods. This is extremely important in maintaining overall reliability and long-term operation.
← What is considered a true sunlight readable or outdoor readable LCD?


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