Find answers for frequently asked sales and technical questions for Edraw Max.
Can I evaluate Edraw products before purchasing?
Yes, Edraw provides 30 days free trial versions to help users get a clear idea before a purchase. You can visit our official website to download our software and start the evaluation. The trial version has only watermark limitation. Please make sure you are using the latest version and check the Help Document and video tutorials to help you start.
How to get invoice / receipt?
All the invoices for Avangate orders are generated as PDF documents. The invoice can be downloaded by logging in to Avangate myAccount in the Order History section. If you are ordering on behalf of a company, the invoice will be sent automatically to the billing email address provided during ordering. For each completed order, a payment receipt will also be sent automatically to the billing email address provided.
If you couldn't get invoice from Avangate, you can send an email to support@edrawsoft.com.
How to get education, government and non-profit pricing?
Edraw offers 30% for education, government and non-profit organizations. Send email to support@edrawsoft.com to apply discount if you are qualified for the above conditions.
What's your tax exemption policy?
We are able to process tax-free orders only if we receive proof of tax exemption prior to the order placement taking place. We are unable to apply the tax exemption to an existing order. If the order has already been processed, you can send a request for a refund to the vendor and place a new order.
Does the price include sales tax and VAT (value added tax) fees?
Companies in the EU will pay 0% if they provide a valid company VAT number that can be validated during the purchase process. Otherwise buyers must pay 24% VAT due to Finnish taxation. After purchasing, customers will receive a receipt to be presented to the tax authorities. Please note that the VAT number must be entered without spaces or punctuation and without country code. Customers in non-EU countries don't have to pay VAT.
Do you have wide-site / multi-user license?
Can I get a refund of what I bought?
Within 30 days of purchase, EdrawSoft will accept the return of graphic software product purchased from our online store for a refund if the user hasn't used the license code to activate edraw copy. To apply a refund, please email us with the following information: your name, product name, your order number, and the reason for the return.
What shall I do if I failed to order from online store?
You can contact your local agent or contact us directly.
Why are you not accepting my credit card?
There are many reasons for a failed credit card transaction. Your card may have expired or reached its limit or a credit card computer, either on our end or your bank's end, may have encountered a machine error. If you do have problems, you can purchase with Paypal instead.
Are there any quantity discounts?
Yes we have. For quantity discount, please visit Multi-User License page. If there isn't the quantity you want, please send your request to sales@edrawsoft.com.
How can I cancel the subscription license?
When you purchase a subscription license, you can choose to subscribe or not from the order page. (Check the Subscribe option if you need to subscribe.) When choosing to make subscription option, you will be informed at the end of the subscription about the amount that will be subtracted from your account. You can stop the payments simply by logging in to Avangate myAccount, going to "My Products" area and by clicking "Stop automatic license renewal" beneath each product that has this option enabled.
What's the difference between trial and full version?
The trial version has all functions except 3 small limitations.
a)When you export or print the drawing, there will be watermark.
b)Trial users are allowed to use 5 templates for each diagram type.
c)Trial users can create document no more than 3 pages.
What are the differences between Edraw Max and other products like Edraw Flowchart, Edraw Org Chart, Edraw Network Diagram?
Edraw Max is all-in-one diagram drawing solution which covers everything of Edraw Flowchart, Edraw Org Chart, Edraw Network, Edraw UML, Edraw P&ID, Edraw Floor Plan, etc. They have the same UI and toolkit, so we call them Edraw Max Series products. All Edraw Max Series products have the same price, and the license codes are exchangeable. So no matter which product you buy in the Edraw Max Series products group, the license code can be used on one another.
While two products don't belong to the Edraw Max Series. They are Edraw MindMaster and Edraw Infographic.
Edraw MindMaster focuses on mind mapping only, so it has more professional and advanced functions that help users create mind maps for multiple purposes. It has its own UI, toolkit, file format, and pricing. You can even subscribe by month.
Edraw Infographic is a graphic design tool which also has its own UI, toolkit, and pricing. It lets you design infographics, posters, flyers, banners, card, presentation and newsletter with its unique tools and materials.
What are the differences between Edraw Max and Edraw Infographics?
Edraw Max is capable for more than 200+ diagrams including Flowchart, Network Diagram Org Chart, Mind Map, Floor Plan, Project Chart, Electrical Schematics, P&ID, UML, Fashion Design, Certificate, and more.
Edraw Infographic focuses on infographics and graphic design such as poster, flyer, leaflet, brochure, banner, card, timeline, etc.
2. Can Edraw Max Draw Infographics?
Edraw Max can also draw infographics, but the elements and templates are not as many as in Edraw Infographic.
Edraw Infographic contains much more built-in elements and templates, and will continuously update new ones.
The UI of Edraw Infographic is more comfortable for infographic design. And the quick colors, theme, texture fill, etc., are especially designed for infographics.
What's the difference between Edraw Max and MindMaster?
Edraw MindMaster focuses on mind mapping only, so it has more professional and advanced functions that help users create mind maps for multiple purposes.
What can I do if I purchased the wrong product?
You can contact us at support@edrawsoft.com and we will help you change your product.
Can I extend trial period?
If you need to extend trial period, send a request to support@edrawsoft.com.
Your original purchase of Edraw product is for lifetime use. Your license will not expire, and no annual subscription fees are required. Lifetime license also includes all future updates and version upgrades.
A subscription license allows customers to use the licensed software for one year, and entitles customers to download all updates to the software and to receive technical support within maintenance period. After the one year period ends, the software will be no longer functional unless a new renewal is purchased.
A perpetual license allows customers to use the licensed software indefinitely. For the first three years, the perpetual license also entitles the customer to download all updates and to receive technical support. After the three years period ends, customers can choose to remain with the last version downloaded or to purchase another three years Updates & Support package, for 30% of the license price. There are no penalties for letting Updates & Support lapse for a while before purchasing an update package.
What's the difference between lifetime license and perpetual license?
The perpetual license includes 3 years maintenance. During the 3 years, you can always upgrade and update your program to the latest version and gain email support. You can also get an extra bonus for deactivating your license and changing computers to activate in 3 years. Lifetime license includes upgrades and email support service for lifetime. You can get an extra bonus for deactivating your license and changing computers to activate in 5 years.
What's the difference between site license and single user license?
Both of them can activate Edraw Max Pro Version. The single user license can only be used by one user. With a wide site license (or multi-user license), you get a single license code that is good for all computers/users under a certain quantity you purchased.
How and when can I receive the license code after paid?
License key will be sent to you automatically within minutes to your order email.
How to retrieve my license code if it's lost?
You can visit this webpage (https://www.edrawsoft.com/retrievecode.php) to get back your license code.
Error message "This license code has expired."
Your license is expired to activate.
You can also upgrade your license to lifetime license so that you get all the future upgrades for free instead of paying it every time.
Error message "Your license code can not be used on more than 2 computers."
Your activation has exceeded the maximum number allowed. You need to deactivate the license from an old computer, then activate on a new one. Go to "Help" menu and click the "Deactivate" button to deactivate.
Will it be possible to change the license email?
If user no longer uses his order email, he can apply to change order email by sending request to support@edrawsoft.com.
How to activate with the license code?
1. Go to the edraw install folder.
2. Right click the EdrawMax.exe. Choose the "Run As Administrator..." item in the right click menu. Then edraw launch.
3. Switch to the Help menu. Click the "Activate" button.
4. Fill in your license name and license code in the Registration dialog and click Activate again.
How many computers can I use with 1 license code?
1 license is authorized to 1 user, and can be used on 2 computers.
When I change computer, what should I do?
When you change computer, you need to deactivate your license from the old computer first, then activate on the new computer. Read how to transfer Edraw Max to another computer to know more details.
Why it still shows "unlicensed version" after a correct and successful activation?
There are 3 reasons which might cause this issue, please check.
1. You don't have the right to write in C:\ drive. Please uninstall Edraw from C:\ and install it in D:\edrawmax, then use the "Run As Administrator" to open and activate the program.
2.This issue might also be caused by your local network firewall restriction. It's better to use manual activation, because through manual activation, it's activated from our server directly, which will not affected by your local network protection.
3.Linux needs root privilege to run then activate.
In what condition you need to do a deactivation?
1. When you need to change computer.
2. When you need to re-install your computer system.
Can I activate Edraw without the internet access?
Where to download trial version?
How to install Edraw Max?
Double click the .exe file you downloaded and follow the instructions to install.
How to uninstall Edraw Max?
Go to the install folder, double click the uninstall.exe file to uninstall.
How to uninstall Edraw Max on Linux system?
On Linux system, you need to delete the whole Edraw install folder to uninstall it.
How to upgrade Edraw Max to the latest version?
Users within the maintenance period can upgrade Edraw to the latest version. You can click the "Check for Updates" button on Help menu to upgrade, or download the latest version and cover the installation. Version 7.9 or under can only upgrade by the latter method.
When I upgrade Edraw Max to the latest version, can I still open my old files?
Yes, you can still open and edit your old files.
How to renew Edraw Max?
How to recover a lost document when there is an unexpected shutdown?
Whether your computer automatically shut down or crashed because of a technical glitch, any documents that were open and being worked on prior to the shut down won't be lost. The next time you open Edraw Max, a pop-up window will let you recover your unsaved files. Also, you can visit C:\\Users\yourname\AppData\Local\Edraw folder to find auto saved files.
Where to find auto saved files?
How to save custom symbols to a library?
How to pan the canvas, or where to find the Pan/Hand tool?
Simply hold down the right mouse button to pan your canvas freely.
How to change the connector arrow style?
To set connecto arrow style in the whole document, go to the Page Layout tab, and choose a connector style without arrow. To change arrow style individually, go to the right sidebar, click the Line menu and set arrow styles.
How to remove the gray border on the canvas?
To remove the gray border, please go to File > Options > Grid, and then set the page horizontal and vertical margin as zero. After the setting is done, go back to the canvas and the gray border will disappear. Read how to set page margin to learn more details.
Why I cannot see my Grid?
When you have set a background for your drawing, you cannot see the gridlines even you've checked the Gridlines option under View tab. The background will hide the gridlines. To make the gridlines visible, you need to go yo Page Layout tab and click Remove Background. Read how to set grid to learn more details.
How to import (insert) images?
Go to Insert tab, and click Insert Picture from File button, then select an image from your local files. After you've successfully inserted an image, you can edit the image with built-in tools on the right side panel. Read how to insert an image to learn more details.
How to set the default line/connector style?
Go to Page Layout tab, click Connectors. From the drop-down connector list, choose a connector style. To create custom connectors, click Create Theme Connectors on the bottom of the connector list. Set the line color, dash type, line weight, and arrow type from the pop-up dialogue box. Click OK. You will see the cucstomized theme connector appear at the beginning of the drop-down connector list. Read how to set default line and connector style to learn more details.
How to uninstall Edraw from Linux OS?
How to uninstall Edraw form Mac OS?
5. Click the File menu.
6. Click Move to Trash.
7. Click and hold the Trash icon.
How to have a clean installation?
1. Uninstall your Edraw Max from your computer.
3. Download the latest version of Edraw Max and install it in a completely new folder.
4.Activate the newly installed Edraw Max with your license code.
How to save files when Edraw Max trial version expires?
The Save and Save as buttons will turn gray when the trial version is expired. Try the methods mentioned in the link to save your file when the trial expires.
How to check whether Edraw Max is successfully activated or not?
Go to the Help tab and click About to view the license status. If the software is activated, the About Edraw Max window will pop up and display the license type information.


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Home - Agricultural communities to rise
Agricultural communities to rise
Chea Vannak / Khmer Times No Comments Share:
The government wants to organise more communities involved in agriculture. KT/Chor Sokunthea
In an effort to increase agricultural production and raise living standards for farmers, the Ministry of Agriculture is prioritising the creation of agricultural communities throughout the nation.
In 2017, there were 880 agricultural communities across the country, of which, Takeo province had 100, Battambang 77, and Kampong Thom 55.
Up to 89,474 farmers are involved in agricultural communities in the kingdom, according to ministry figures.
Agricultural communities boost cooperation among farmers and make it easier to find buyers for their products, said Hean Vanhan, director-general of the ministry's general directorate of agriculture.
In Cambodia, these communities operate under contract farming models, planting, among other crops, rice, pepper, cashew and cassava, according to Mr Vanhan.
"Working together, they have a stronger bargaining position in negotiations with buyers."
Provincial and capital agricultural departments provide assistance to these communities to smooth out the transition of living in a community and working together, Mr Vanhan explained.
"We guide them on how to manage their agricultural work as a group, including planting and finding markets. We also conduct studies to determine what crops grow best in their area.
"We help them meet traders who want to partner with them."
Contract farming benefits both farmers and traders, Mr Vanhan explained.
"Farmers can plant crops according to the season with peace of mind because they know they will sell their products at prices that have been negotiated beforehand. For traders, on the other hand, contract farming guarantees a certain supply of the products they want.
"Agricultural communities empower farmers and aid the development of the nation."
Khy Maly, sales and export manager at Amru Rice, said she supported the government's push to increase the number of agricultural communities in the country.
She said working with communities of farmers makes it easy to implement contract farming schemes, which boost quality standards and guarantee that the production is sold.
"By working with agricultural communities, we can guarantee the quality of agricultural products, because we provide technical assistance and guidance to farmers," Ms Maly said. "Farmers, on the other hand, are guaranteed that they will be able to sell their products at reasonable prices."
In Preah Vihear province, Amru Rice's works with 6,000 farmers that are members of agricultural communities. The company works with 3,000 farmers in agricultural communities in other provinces.
According to Ms Maly, they now work with rice, pepper and cassava, but they are planning to expand into new products, including certain vegetables and fruits.
An aerial view of the floods in Sakon Nakhon province. Reuters
Despite floods, Thai rice output unchanged
In 2017, Cambodia produced 104,000 tonnes of cashew nuts. Supplied
MoU to boost cashew output to 1 million tonnes
Women working at a local vegetable plantation. KT/Mai Vireak
Plantations of subsidiary crops continue to increase
If the trials are successful, Japonica will be used as an export to Japan and South Korea. Wiki Commons CC BY-SA
Japonica field trials
Tags: agriculture, Cashew, cassava, farmers, Kampong Thom, Ministry of Agriculture, Rice, Takeo
Sihanoukville's hotel sector to see 1,000 new rooms in 2018
The number of mobile connections drops slightly

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Combination bar, arcade coming to West Street in Annapolis in February
Delray Richardson discovers a forgotten photo of Tupac Shakur
Iris Krasnow: In the long term, love is all that matters | COMMENTARY
Steuart Pittman: Anne Arundel County GOP's stance on public health is inexplicable | COMMENTARY
Realities of Real Estate: So who regulates real estate agents?
Ask a Vet: Chewing on glow stick can be harmful
Healthcare Policies and Laws
Anne Arundel Medical Center
Data show gaps in hospital prices nationwide; Maryland prices stable
By By RACHAEL PACELLA and rpacella@capgaznews.com
The west building on the Baltimore Washington Medical Center campus.The west building on the Baltimore Washington Medical Center campus. (File photo, Capital Gazette)
Prices charged by hospitals nationwide vary widely, according to data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.
Such prices are more uniform in Maryland, the only state in which a commission sets hospital rates. Also, charges for common services in the state are half the national average.
The information from the federal agency, a division of the Department of Health and Human Services, shows the charges for 100 common inpatient services at more than 3,000 hospitals nationwide in fiscal 2011.
A major joint replacement (without complications) that cost $5,303 in Oklahoma was $223,000 in California. In Maryland, the procedure's average cost was $22,797, well below the national average of $33,310.
"At the end of the day, there are other parts of the country where the pricing of hospital stays is kind of like the wild, Wild West. Anybody can do whatever they want to do," said Al Redmer Jr., former Maryland insurance commissioner.
But not in Maryland.
"In Maryland, decades ago, they wanted to avoid having hospitals for the 'haves' and having different standards or quality of care for the 'have-nots,'" Redmer said. That's when the state's Medicare waiver was born.
The waiver is essentially a deal with the federal government. Under it, the state sets hospital rates, provided those rates don't increase any faster than rates nationally.
The commission sets rates based on factors including location, patient volume and the severity of cases. As a result, there can be discrepancies among hospitals throughout Maryland.
The average difference between charges at Anne Arundel Medical Center and Baltimore Washington Medical Center, for the 95 procedures they have in common, was $1,810.
Neither hospital was more expensive overall.
For a urinary or kidney infection with major complications, treatment at AAMC was about $17,800, while treatment at BWMC was about $12,000.
For a urinary or kidney infection without complications, the charges were much closer - $7,200 at AAMC and $6,900 at BWMC.
AAMC charged about $35,700 to treat an infectious or parasitic disease with an operating room procedure and major complications; BWMC charged about $50,300.
Those figures are what the hospitals charged, but they aren't typically what was paid by a patient who has insurance. The impact on hospitals from patients who don't have insurance and cannot afford to pay is accounted for when hospital rates are set.
Jim Reiter, senior vice president of communications for the Maryland Hospital Association, said the Medicare waiver works as designed, keeping prices and quality uniform. But the 35-year-old agreement needs to be updated, Reiter said.
He said that because hospitals have moved services from inpatient to outpatient, the remaining, more costly inpatient services are creating an apparent increase in costs. As a result, Reiter said, it has been hard to keep increases below the limit allowed by the waiver.
"It looks like hospital rates are larger than they should be," he said.
Each year, Reiter said, it becomes harder to increase rates while staying below the national average.
The data, released Wednesday as part of President Barack Obama's health care reform initiative, can be found online at http://www.data.cms.gov.
University of Maryland Medical Center
Republican-turned-Democrat Laura Neuman joins race for Maryland governor


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Happiness (1998) – To Search for Human Connection
November 21, 2019 January 13, 2020 Salman Al Farisi	0 Comments 1998, 4.5 Stars, Ben Gazzara, Boogie Nights, Camryn Manheim, Comedy, Cynthia Stevenson, Drama, Dylan Baker, Great Movie, Happiness, Jane Adams, Jon Lovitz, Lara Flynn Boyle, Louise Lasser, Magnolia, Movie, Paul Thomas Anderson, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Review, Todd Solondz
Todd Solondz's "Happiness" is a reflection within us, a portrait of why good and evil are just the same as us. It's a portray of melancholic people, to find out what it means to be happy. Why are we sad? Why do we feel depressing? And why are we alone? Everyone is alone and everyone needs a connection. But, we look for all that without thinking about others. What we only seek isn't happiness. It's an ego that drives us to seek happiness that never existed. We practice morality to do things that harm others.
This movie explores what is despair and what is human. Even though this movie is very taboo, you never thought it would be like that. Watching this movie is like watching a disgusting program but you still sympathize with such a disgusting thing. Whether you sympathize with a pedophile, a serial killer, a sex predator, and so on, that's about what makes them do it. It's a movie about an individual story that seeks connections and understands what it means to love and be loved. It moves back and forth, like an apartment room from one apartment to another.
The story tells at least eight or nine characters. The first sequence opened with Joy (Jane Adams), who just broke up with a loser she was dating (Jon Lovitz). After that, we meet Allen (Philip Seymour Hoffman) who has a wild fantasy about women next to his apartment. He tells the therapist (Dylan Baker) that he wants to depressively sleep with her and imagine how it feels. The therapist, Bill, is just a father with a normal family in general. However, no one knows that he is a pedophile who always masturbates with teen-idol magazines.
Trish (Cynthia Stevenson) and Helen (Lara Flynn Boyle) are Joy's sisters. Trish is a wife of Bill, the psychiatrist who never knew of her husband's behavior. On the other hand, Helen is a poet who struggles with many men who look at her passionately. Their parents (Louise Lasser and Ben Gazzara) have been married for years. However, their relationship never went well until they tried to find another partner just to fulfill their passions. Kristina (Camryn Manheim) is a fat girl who lives on another floor of the same apartment Allen lives. Kristina has feelings for Allen even though Allen never knew that Kristina was in one of the crimes.
Although this is another hyperlink cinema, "Happiness" is a unique movie. It's a disgusting film and very taboo one yet feels relatable to us. All these characters hide each other's secrets in one apartment, in one house, in one neighborhood. We see how they look for connections with each other but never care about other people too. Like Bill's for example. His obsession with children also tried to question whether he was still normal or not. Likewise with Allen who must help Kristina after what he always thought he never got.
This movie has many emotional moments where you never thought about how these characters try to live it. Like the phenomenal yet controversial scene between Billy and his son. Although like that, most of the performance where awkward yet intentionally. But, most of them were cringe as well. It's a story about "came" where there is a lot of masturbation and cum stories. Because I never thought if a child told his father how to masturbate. It's a taboo yet normal in certain scopes but it's just hard to go through.
This movie is hard to experience but most of the time, you feel all of these characters went through also. This movie is very, very successful on DVD. In 1997, there were films such as "Boogie Nights" directed by Paul Thomas Anderson. It's a hyperlink cinema that is more centered on the pornography industry. Two years after this film, Paul Thomas Anderson made "Magnolia". It's another hyperlink cinema based in the San Fernando Valley. "Magnolia" is one of my favorite movies as well from the director. Both "Magnolia" and "Happiness" have the same story. However, "Magnolia" is more direct to a melancholy story about the meaning of life and in a more surrealistic way. Humans and frogs are the same creatures.
On the other hand, "Happiness" is an amazing movie not because of the theme or the black comedy but because of how these unhappy characters live through. You feel sorry for them, you feel pity for them, and you think they don't deserve it. But, is this movie just trying to change or exploit the controversial subjects themselves? No, and if you still think that this film promotes pedophilia, I think you should watch it again. By watching this movie, you think that humans need what is called connection and happiness. Whether they come from where, what their identity is, and what they do, all they just need is happiness. Some of them cannot achieve it, some of them can achieve it, and some of them still question whether this is happiness or not.
← Doctor Sleep (2019) – The Next Chapter
Time of the Wolf (2003) – The Beginning of a Painful →
Salman Al Farisi
An Indonesian who loves to watch and read everything. A literary student who likes to write about reviews and essays on Crackdown Review. But, I just wannabe critics who love arthouse than anything.
Hakata Tonkotsu Ramens (Winter 2018) – Up in the Air
March 13, 2019 June 12, 2019 Salman Al Farisi 0
BoJack Horseman: Season One (2014) – Horsing Around
October 24, 2019 October 24, 2019 Salman Al Farisi 1
American Psycho (2000) – Killer Looks, Killer Inside
June 14, 2019 June 14, 2019 Salman Al Farisi 2


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Bernhard Geyer  (* 3. Februar 1880 in Alme bei Brilon; † 4. April 1974 in Bonn) war ein katholischer Priester, Professor und Theologe.

Leben
Er absolvierte philosophisch-theologische Studien in Münster. Nach der Priesterweihe 1904 in Köln war er von 1904 bis 1909 als Kaplan, Religionslehrer und Rektor am Krankenhaus tätig. Nach der Promotion 1908 in Münster war er von 1910 bis 1921 Oberlehrer an der Städtischen Oberrealschule in Bonn. Nach der Habilitation 1914 wurde er Privatdozent an der Katholisch-Theologischen Fakultät in Bonn. 1921 wurde er ordentlicher Professor der Dogmatik in Breslau. 1927 kehrte er nach Bonn als ordentlicher Professor auf den neugegründeten Lehrstuhl für Dogmatik und Dogmengeschichte zurück. Ab 1931 war er Leiter des Albertus-Magnus-Instituts und ab 1951 Herausgeber der Kritischen Albertus-Magnus-Ausgabe (Editio Coloniensis). Der Philosoph Alois Dempf schrieb 1955: "Mit dem Erscheinen der Kölner Albertus-Ausgabe läßt sich nicht mehr verbergen, dass Bernhard Geyer seit langem der führende Kopf der deutschen Scholastikforschung ist."

Einzelnachweise

Römisch-katholischer Geistlicher (20. Jahrhundert)
Römisch-katholischer Theologe (20. Jahrhundert)
Dogmatiker
Hochschullehrer (Universität Breslau)
Hochschullehrer (Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn)
Träger des Großen Bundesverdienstkreuzes
Deutscher
Geboren 1880
Gestorben 1974
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


GNU Foliot is a small and easy to use time keeping application.
It can be used in a single user mode or by small organizations. Starting with version 0.9.4, it can import other user's database, an essential feature for remote collaborators.
The fields it handles are: a date, who, for whom, what, a duration, whether or not to be charged and a description.
It includes, on the main application screen, a powerful dynamic filters criteria mechanism, which lets you visualize, work on and print a subset of your time keeping entries.
A printing templates system allows you to (pre)define, reuse and hence quickly generate the pdf files and/or printed reports of your needs.
A version which will let users export an active filter based subset of their time keeping entries is under work.
GNU Foliot version 0.9.8 is released. See the News page for the list of visible changes since the last release, as well as older news.
... Starting in the 13th century, large tower clocks were built in European town squares, cathedrals, and monasteries. They kept time by using the verge escapement to drive a foliot, an horizontal bar with weights on the ends, a primitive type of balance wheel, to oscillate back and forth. The rate of the clock could be adjusted by sliding the weights in or out on the foliot bar ... [see Verge and Foliot on wikipedia for a complete definition].
GNU Foliot is written in Guile, an interpreter and compiler for the Scheme programming language. It uses Guile-Gnome for its graphical interface, SQLite for its database backend and LaTex for the reports.
GNU Foliot also has a Savannah project page.
GNU Foliot is a free software, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License GPLv3 or higher. You must be aware there is no warranty whatsoever for GNU Foliot. This is described in full in the license.


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text:
Careers A-Z
Industry Regulatory Veterinary Surgeon
Racing SA is the governing body for thoroughbred horse racing throughout South Australia. Its responsibilities include commercial, regulatory, integrity and equine welfare leadership of the industry.
Applications are invited for the position of Industry Regulatory Veterinarian based in Adelaide.
The position reports to the General Manager Integrity/Chairman of Stewards and has responsibility for providing high level scientific and clinical veterinary expertise to safeguard the welfare of Thoroughbred horses and the integrity of the South Australia Thoroughbred racing industry.
Core responsibilities include:
Officiating at race meetings, official trials and approval to race jump-outs, as required, and provide veterinary advice, inspect and examine participating horses, and monitor and provide oversight and supervision of sample collection processes.
Conducting sampling processes for Racing SA drug testing programs.
The provision of industry advice in relation to veterinary, welfare and drug-related matters.
Representing Racing SA on national committees and working groups.
The successful applicant will have:
a degree in veterinary science registrable in South Australia (essential).
qualified for preferably five (5) years.
experience working with Thoroughbred horses.
excellent communication and interpersonal skills.
proven ability to manage and supervise staff.
a strong sense of initiative and the ability to identify critical issues.
the ability to work well independently and as part of a team.
the capacity to work well under pressure to meet team objectives.
a current South Australian Driver's Licence.
a genuine interest in the welfare of racehorses.
The position is full-time and due to the nature of the position, the successful applicant will be required to work on a nine day per fortnight roster basis, which includes work on weekends and public holidays and also includes work at race meetings outside the metropolitan area.
Short-listed applicants will undergo a probity check. The provision of disclosure statements and adherence to the Racing SA Code of Conduct for its employees are necessary requirements.
An attractive remuneration package is on offer.
If you are interested please provide a covering letter and your résumé in word format by email to applications@racingsa.com.au.
First formed in 1996, Country Racing SA is a 50% Shareholder of Racing S.A. Ltd and represents it's 24 Member Clubs across South Australia.
Copyright © Racing SA	2015 - 2022


At the Global Climate Action Summit in San Francisco, delegates from all over the world made ambitious commitments to tackle climate change. But how will their actions impact economic growth? Chris Busch of think-tank Energy Innovation compares manufacturing and employment data from climate leader California to laggard Texas and the US as a whole. His findings suggest that climate actions are affordable and even provide a boost to economies.
Delegates from around the world travelled to San Francisco for the Global Climate Summit earlier this month, aiming to provide "confidence to governments to 'step up' and trigger [the] next level of ambition" in cutting carbon emissions. But, they'll inevitably ask: how do these stronger emissions reduction commitments impact economic growth?
Compared to other places, like Texas – known for its oil and gas production – California's economy is performing better on most measures, showing that it is entirely possible to pair steep emission reductions with vibrant growth.
California has established some of the world's most ambitious carbon emission reduction targets, and is achieving them faster and at a lower cost than expected. The state hit its 2020 target four years early, while its economy grew much faster than any other state and the U.S. economy as a whole – California's economy climbed from the tenth largest in the world in 2012 to the fifth largest today.
This economic growth stands in stark contrast to some of the inflammatory predictions lobbed at the state's policymakers when the state was considering Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32), California's first statewide commitment to reducing emissions. Adopted on a bipartisan basis with leadership from Republican Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, the law requires emissions to fall back to 1990 levels by 2020.
One commentator opined that reaching those emission reductions would cause the price of petrol to reach "$7.15 to $11.57 a gallon", but prices are less than half that level today. Professors at California State University forecast employment losses of at least 1.1 million jobs by 2020, representing 6% of the current workforce, but California is enjoying an unprecedented jobs boom. Unemployment was at a record low 4.2% in August for the fifth straight month in the most recent data released 21 September.
From 2011-2017, California's economy grew almost twice as fast as the rest of the nation, expanding 24% compared to 13% on average for the 49 other states, and statewide job growth increased 16% compared to 10% for the rest of the nation, over the same period.
California's climate policy leadership attracted more than $22 billion in venture capital funding alone over the last decade – more than any other state or country besides the US as a whole and China. These investments have spawned a range of growing California-based companies: Proterra (electric buses), Charge Point (electric vehicle charging), SunPower and SunRun (solar), and Picarro (pollution detection). These and other clean tech companies are major employers, supporting more than 500,000 jobs.
Tesla is the most well-known of California's emerging clean tech companies and is emblematic of the state's clean energy economic upside. While Tesla is only just beginning to ramp up production, it is driving a surge of vehicle exports. Federal data show vehicle exports from California increasing fivefold, from $600 million in 2013 to almost $3 billion in 2017, making electric vehicles California's seventh-largest export.
Meanwhile China, the world's largest car market, and the rest of the world are rapidly moving toward an all-electric vehicle future. Global electric vehicle sales hit 4 million at the end of August, and Bloomberg New Energy Finance projects that adding the next million will take just six months.
Tesla embodies California's surprising strength in the manufacturing sector, which is often viewed as providing higher-quality jobs, while also being particularly sensitive to international or interstate competition. California is often underestimated when it comes to the industrial sector and manufacturing, but since the state's climate policies started ratcheting up in 2012, it has outperformed Texas and the rest of the US, growing in real terms by 26%.
Texas's manufacturing performance suffers over this time period because of its dependence on oil and the drop in oil prices. The state's manufacturing output shrank by 1% in 2017 compared to 2011, in part because of oil-price volatility in the world market.
These results highlight the economic risks introduced by Texas' dependence on an extractive industry subject to global prices. However, even when leaving out petroleum-related manufacturing, California's stronger growth persists. Texas' non-petroleum related manufacturing grew by 10% compared to a 30% increase for California on the comparable metric.
California reached its 2020 goal four years early, in 2016, while building one of the world's strongest economies, proving that climate action and vibrant economic development can coexist. Yet this remarkable achievement created barely a media ripple.
Any statistician will warn that correlation is not causation, and further econometric work is needed to identify the cause-effect relationship between the implementation of AB 32 and California's economic performance. But while further research on this topic is called for, the evidence suggests California's implementation of AB 32 has not impaired economic growth. The first phase of decarbonisation has proven remarkably doable, thanks to entrepreneurship and innovation.
It is quite obvious that California's climate action has not crippled its economy, that climate action is entirely consistent with economic development and that predictions of economic catastrophe from the early days of AB 32 implementation proved inaccurate.
Though California is known for innovation, these policy implications apply broadly to other governments. Wind and solar have become the lowest-cost electricity generation option in many places, spreading clean energy to previously underserved communities, and other clean technologies are following the same pattern. If fully embraced, low-carbon investments present an opportunity to boost global growth by $26 trillion through 2030.
It is important for this evidence to be widely understood. Strengthened emissions reductions in every country and city will be needed to tamp down global warming and prevent dangerous climate change. California's experience thus far has shown climate action to be very affordable. As other leaders contemplate action, they should draw confidence from California's example and strengthen climate action.
Chris Busch is Energy Innovation's Director of Research. This article was first published by Energy Innovation and is republished here with permission.


And then the change happens today dear Scorpio and the curtains go up, and the sun shines right through whatever this darkness has been in your mind. I am so happy for you because I know that there have been some very, very hard times and I know that as of today you are on the other side of this whole thing. I'm not sure what the lesson has been however I get the feeling that you will become so clear about it today and once you do you'll be grateful to put all of this in the past.


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The Harmonious Bilingualism Network
What is HaBilNet?
HaBilNet Followers
Consultation Contact Form
On this page you find research projects, publications and resources that pertain to the scientific dimension of the HaBilNet mission.
If you have any questions or contributions, please use the contact form.
Here you find information about research projects that HaBilNet actively supports or that are directly relevant to its goals.
Multilingual ALDeQ-NL
The ALDeQ-NL becomes multilingual
The parent questionnaire ALDeQ-NL helps to identify multilingual children with a language development disorder. With the support of HaBilNet, a team of speech therapists at Thomas More college is working on the translation of the ALDeQ-NL into 10 different languages, with a read aloud function. This makes it easier for parents who are not proficient in Dutch to complete the questionnaire.
Download the Dutch project summary here.
Ekaterina Tiulkova recipient of the first HaBilNet doctoral grant
As part of the partnership with the Octogone-Lordat laboratory at the University of Toulouse – Jean Jaurès in France, HaBilNet is pleased to support Ekaterina Tiulkova's doctoral research project on the impact of input in the development of harmonious bilingualism in French-Russian children (in the original French: "L'impact de l'input dans le développement harmonieux du bilinguisme précoce franco-russe"). You can read the English version of the abstract here.
HaBilNet wishes Ms. Tiulkova all the best for this exciting project, which will greatly contribute to our knowledge of factors supporting the early development of harmonious bilingualism.
English-German: ToddleTalk
ToddleTalk is Dr. De Houwer's longitudinal project on well-being in early English-German bilingualism. Download its description here.
ToddleTalk has been funded by HaBilNet and by the University of Erfurt, Germany.
Polish-German: Maluchy na językach
Maluchy na językach is Dr. De Houwer's longitudinal project on well-being in early Polish-German bilingualism. Download its description here.
Maluchy na językach has been funded by HaBilNet and by the University of Erfurt, Germany.
Here you find selected titles and abstracts of academic publications (in chronological order) that relate to harmonious bilingualism and harmonious bilingual development. In some cases, if you click on the title, you'll be linked to the publication source.
Download all the titles with their summaries here.
The current study examines the relationship between bilingual children's dual language experience (i.e. language input, language output and vocabulary proficiency), and their social-emotional and behavioral skills. Data were analysed from 805 Singaporean bilingual preschoolers (ages 4; 1–5; 8 years), who are learning English and either Mandarin (n = 551), Malay (n = 105), or Tamil, (n = 149). A parent questionnaire and standardized vocabulary tests were used to assess children's bilingual language environment and vocabulary knowledge. Children's social-emotional and behavioral skills were evaluated by teachers using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. A series of variables which might influence social-emotional and behavioral skills (e.g. gender, non-verbal IQ, SES, and emotion recognition) were controlled and mixed-effects models were used to conduct data analysis. Results demonstrated that children who had larger bilingual receptive vocabulary and had frequently spoken both languages for a longer time had better social-emotional and behavioral skills. Gender and emotion recognition ability were also found to be significantly related to children's social-emotional and behavioral skills. Such findings held true for children across different Mother Tongue language backgrounds. This suggests that a good language environment for bilingual children should be promoted not only for the sake of their early language development, but also because of the potential benefits to their social-emotional and behavioral skills.
Here you can find continuously updated bibliographies of academic publications directly and less directly relating to harmonious bilingualism and harmonious bilingual development, as well as information about methodological tools and links to scholars and laboratories that are investigating harmonious bilingualism.
This page will be continuously expanding. If you find anything that you think could be useful please let us know. And of course we'd love to hear from you if you are carrying out research on harmonious bilingualism yourself.
Resources of a more general nature can be found here.
Trajectories for Early Bilingualism
BFLA Compared to ESLA
Series on childhood bilingualism
HaBilnet recently started publishing online expert classes on childhood bilingualism. These consist of Powerpoint presentations accompanied by narrations. Both undergraduate and graduate students may find these useful. Scholars in linguistics, psychology and education who do not work on (childhood) bilingualism may use this resource to get a relatively quick idea of basic knowledge on the topic.
Classes typically are around one hour in length. They are fairly slowly paced to allow audiences with variable listening and reading proficiency in English to follow.
HaBilNet Class 1: Trajectories for Early Bilingualism
Typical language learning settings & trajectories for early child bilingualism – A class by Dr. Annick De Houwer, HaBilNet Director. This class is foundational in that it explains the three major language learning environments for children under age 6: Monolingual First Language Acquisition, Bilingual First Language Acquisition and Early Second Language Acquisition. This class is mainly based on the book Bilingual First Language Acquisition, by Annick De Houwer, 2009, Bristol: Multilingual Matters.
HaBilNet Class 2: BFLA Compared to ESLA
Bilingual First Language Acquisition compared to Early Second Language Acquisition – A class by Dr. Annick De Houwer, HaBilNet Director. This class builds on Class 1. It explains the fundamental differences and similarities between the two types of early child bilingualism: Bilingual First Language Acquisition (BFLA) and Early Second Language Acquisition (ESLA). Distinguishing amongst these two types is paramount for understanding child bilingual development under age 6.
Two tables on families and bilingualism
Here you can find two tables that Annick De Houwer made at the end of 2018 in preparation of her 2020 chapter on "Harmonious Bilingualism: Well-being for families in bilingual settings". However, because of space reasons these tables were not included. Maybe you'll find them useful.
HaBilNet's expanding bibliography
Here you can find HaBilNet's continuously expanding bibliography on studies that tell us more about harmonious bilingualism (or the lack of it).
Watch two eminent scholars in the fields of Second Language Acquisition and Bilingualism in this interview: HaBilNet member Dr. Lourdes Ortega asks Dr. Kees de Bot about his career, the relation between Second Language Acquisition and Bilingualism, and more.
Interview with Dr. Hugo Baetens Beardsmore by Dr. Annick De Houwer
Dr. Hugo Baetens Beardsmore, emeritus professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel and the Université Libre de Bruxelles, is an eminent scholar in the field of bilingualism in general and bilingual education in particular. When she was his student at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Annick De Houwer discovered through his course on sociolinguistics that there was an academic field in which scholars studied how people became bilingual, and she has never looked back. In this interview with her former teacher, boss, and doctoral dissertation advisor, Dr. De Houwer turns the tables and "examines" him on his insights into bilingualism and some of the history in the field.
Feel the pulse of Harmonious Bilingualism
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INSIGHT: What can we expect from the Team LNT Ginettas?
Images by JEP/LAT
Le Mans/WEC
By Stephen Kilbey July 31, 2019 11:45 AM
By Stephen Kilbey | July 31, 2019 11:45 AM ET
The pair of Team LNT-entered Ginetta G60-LT-P1s entered for the full 2019/20 FIA WEC season are a month away from their first race. While there are still so many unknowns, the work behind the scenes and the performance of the cars during a successful off-season has left plenty of reasons for optimism.
When the G60-LT-P1 last featured in a WEC race, it was a mess. The CEFC TRSM effort, hindered by commercial difficulties and a lack of testing, had a forgettable (and rather miserable) outing at Le Mans. Just one car crossed the line (unclassified) after a torrid 24 hours of 'public testing', problem-solving and tireless work from the mechanics and engineers on hand.
Fast forward to 2019 and things look rather brighter for Ginetta's LMP1 cars.
The test program this year, while maybe not as comprehensive or efficient as other LMP1 efforts in recent memory, has been lauded a success by those on hand. The G60-LT-P1, after further development work and a switch from Mecachrome to AER power, is now a more reliable and speedy package which promises to provide worthy competition to the remaining entrants from last season.
During testing at Motorland Aragon, Spa-Francorchamps, Paul Ricard and Barcelona there were surprisingly few issues; a very encouraging sign. Gearbox niggles, a mega-line problem and cooling difficulties in the front end were all diagnosed and dealt with before the WEC Prologue. Now, with a refined package and a brand-new pair of P60C AER engines — the same spec that SMP Racing used at Le Mans — Team LNT can legitimately expect to be capable of fighting against the likes of Rebellion Racing straight away.
More Le Mans/WEC!
Porsche shakes down 2023 LMDh prototype
Bourdais joins Vector Sport for WEC LMP2 campaign
Penske LMP2 confirmation spearheads 39-car 2022 FIA WEC entry list
"I think reliability has been great with the chassis all along, and with the motor we have now, which is far superior," Lawrence Tomlinson, Ginetta Cars' CEO, told RACER. "We didn't get much testing with the previous engine, and the motor we have now is more reliable and has a lot more power. It's allowing us to have consistent running for the first time with the car.
"When we went to Le Mans in 2018, when Mike Simpson took the checkered flag the car had never continuously run more than two hours. It was a minor miracle we made the finish."
The Prologue was the first opportunity for Team LNT to run both Ginetta AERs and to measure their progress in race trim against the competition. Image by Ginetta.
But there is still plenty of work to be done to continue turning heads when the season truly starts. Tomlinson knows this and remains realistic — he knows that to get the most out of the upcoming campaign he must push hard to sustain the upward trajectory this program is on.
During the running in Spain earlier this month, the two G60s were engineered and run by a combination of in-house Ginetta staff and Algarve Pro Racing's team members, who were fresh from the European Le Mans Series race at the same venue just days earlier. Here lies the first conundrum: who will run the cars when the WEC heads to Silverstone?
Right now, there is no definitive answer, though RACER understands that multiple, high-quality race teams are in the mix and talking to Ginetta about a deal for the upcoming season. In order to take the next step, those close to the program know that is imperative that Team LNT's two-car effort is run by personnel with experience at operating at a world championship level.
In terms of driving talent, there are still plenty of interested parties, but not much news. Tomlinson preferred not to give an update on the driver search at the Prologue, though he did state that as well as the handful of prospects who turned laps in Barcelona, there are drivers who were not at the Prologue but tested the cars this year that are also in the mix for full and partial-season programs.
Despite all this, as much as it may seem almost unfathomable, there are question marks of a similar size overhanging the other teams in LMP1 too. And this is could play into Team LNT's hands as the season progresses.
Rebellion Racing's R-13 has shown strength, but its 2019-20 program faces uncertainty.
Rebellion Racing's level of preparation for 2019/20 — which unlike Team LNT's, has been weeks rather than months long — has been anything but a cause for optimism. After further strides were made to the R-13's capabilities toward the end of the 'Super Season', it appears that the Swiss-flagged effort has been purged of its resources.
Two cars turned laps at the pre-season Prologue test, but only one is expected to see out the season and there are no guarantees at this point that even one car will make it to Le Mans in 2020.
A selection of drivers sampled the R-13s in Barcelona, though there is no word yet on who will stay on for Silverstone and beyond. Right now it appears that both Gustavo Menezes and Bruno Senna are close to being confirmed as full-season drivers once again, leaving just one seat in the team's remaining full-season car left to be filled.
As for the car's development, it remains to be seen just how much work will continue behind the scenes to make progress now that the program has been scaled back.
"Not much has changed from last season for us," Rebellion driver Bruno Senna admitted. "There's a root of development that is planned at the moment. If the car had more development time, a whole year of testing, it would be a lot stronger. It's a transformed LMP2 car — it's not bad, but the regulations for LMP1 ask for a slightly different style of car, and we're not at that sweet spot.
"There's not much more that can be improved without significant investment on the car. We're not going to go much faster. It'll be interesting to see with what we have learned from last year, if we can be closer to Toyota."
Will Toyota's TS050 remain as out of reach as before in the season ahead?
Then there's Toyota Gazoo Racing's TS050 HYBRIDs. While there is no doubt whatsoever that both cars will see out the season, and that they will be run and driven to a world-class standard, all eyes will be on the Japanese giant as it deals with the new EoT process introduced for this season.
How much forward planning has there been behind closed doors for the EoT developments? How will the updated car react to restrictions to its power, or to added weight from the 'Success Handicap' system? How will the team fare if it is put under pressure during the season as the ACO intends it to be?
In previous seasons, when pushed by Audi and Porsche, things haven't always gone to plan. Both Team LNT and Rebellion Racing will hope that should Toyota stumble, they will be in with a legitimate chance.
With all that in mind, is it realistic to think that Team LNT's G60s can prove to be a surprise package? Those working hard up in Yorkshire since the inception of the program hope so and are eager to find out.
If a capable team runs these cars, and capable drivers drive them, then the sky appears to be the limit. It is always difficult to read into the performance levels of teams during a test, but after two days, 255 laps and 735 miles, the quickest G60 came within 0.6s of the fastest Toyota. They appear to be in the ballpark, which is hugely important at this stage because little can be done once the WEC flyaway rounds begin.
"There's certainly a lot more time to come from the Ginetta, when you consider where we are now, and that the competition have been working on their cars a lot longer," Tomlinson concludes. "Our chassis testing only really started in anger six months ago. We've done more work in the Williams wind tunnel and have sifted through millions of CFD calculations. We've had a lot of good feedback from the drivers, who feel it's a fast and civilized car to drive. So of course, we're excited."
Ginetta, Prologue, Rebellion Racing, Insights & Analysis, Le Mans/WEC
Stephen Kilbey
UK-based Stephen Kilbey is RACER.com's FIA World Endurance Championship correspondent, and is also Deputy Editor of Dailysportscar.com He has a first-class honours degree in Sports Journalism and is a previous winner of the UK Guild of Motoring Writers Sir William Lyons Award.
https://thefloridaoracle.com/insight-what-can-we-expect-from-the-team-lnt-ginettas/	INSIGHT: What can we expect from the Team LNT Ginettas?
[…] Read The Entire Article By Stephen Kilbey Here. […]


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Vegeu també: Districte de Mainpuri i Mainpuri (ciutat)}

Mainpuri fou un estat tributari protegit, del tipus talukdari al districte de Mainpuri a les Províncies del Nord-oest després Províncies Unides d'Agra i Oudh, i modernament Uttar Pradesh. La superfície era de 231 km² i els ingressos del 1903 eren superiors a un lakh pagant unes taxes o tributs de 58.000 rúpies.

Els rages de Mainpuri són considerats els caps dels rajputs chauhans al Doab. Descendirien de Prithwi Raj d'Ajmer i Delhi derrotat per Muizz al-Din Muhammad de Ghor el 1192. Segons la tradició els chauhans es van establir prop de Bhongaon a l'inici del segle XIV fugint dels musulmans. Rai Pratap, esmentat pels historiadors musulmans com senyor de part d'aquesta regió al final del segle XV, seria un membre de la família. Pratap va ajudar a Bahlul Shah Lodi en les guerres contra Jaunpur i fou confirmat en la possessió dels seus territoris com a feudatari. Jagat Man, novè descendent de Pratap, va fundar la ciutat de Mainpuri. El feu va subsistir sota els mongols i després sota els nawabs d'Oudh. El 1749 el raja local va ampliar Mainpuri. A finals del segle XVIII el raja fou privat de moltes de les terres que abans posseïa però el 1801, en ser cedit el territori als britànics, aquests li van ampliar els dominis si bé amb tipus de tinença talukdar (similar als zamindaris) i l'estat fou conegut com a Mainpuri i també com a Manchana. El 1840 es va decidir fixar les rendes dels propietaris subordinats quan existien, i el talukdar rebria una certa proporció de les rendes cobrades però que s'haurien de dedicar a l'arranjament dels pobles; el raja Tej Singh no estava d'acord, i el 1857 va prendre part a la revolta i va dominar Mainpuri per un any però el 1858 es va sotmetre; l'estat fou confiscat però finalment cedit al seu cosí Bhawani Singh que ja havia reclamat la successió quan Tej Singh havia pujat al tron, doncs Tej era fill de Narpat Singh, tercer fill de Dule Singh, mentre Bhawani era fill de Zalim Singh (que no va regnar però era el segon fill de Dule Singh). Vers el 1900 el raja que era Ram Partab Singh, fill de Bhawani Singh al que havia succeït el 1868, rebia rendes de 133 pobles i el seu zamindari el formaven 75 pobles més.

Llista de rages
 Bhupal Deo
 Jagatman Singh
 Dule o Dalel Singh ?-1829
 Ganga Singh (fill) 1829-1847
 Narpat Singh (germà) 1847-1851
 Tej Singh (fill) 1851-1858
 Bhawani Singh (cosí) 1858-1868
 Pratap Singh (fill) 1868-?
 Mangal Singh ?

Referències

 Genealogia

Talukdars d'Oudh
Principats de l'Índia Central


Stress is the most destructive factor in our society today.
It eats away at our physical body and negatively affects our mental and emotional states.
Yoga can be considered technology for getting back in touch with our true essence and ourselves. It is a way of remembering the health and wholeness that is our natural state of being. Yoga, when broken down to its most simple form, is breathing and feeling. Through this breathing and feeling we learn to control our reactions to events and people. It is not the events and people in our lives that give us stress but the way we react to them. What makes yoga unique in terms of stress reduction is its multifaceted approach. By working at the physical and psychological levels concurrently, yoga reduces stress on both these levels.
Nerves are massaged and stretched, conducting calming messages throughout the body.
Affirmations about peace, calm, and tranquility are conveyed to the nervous system.
Yoga brings greater relationship with others and life.
Helpful in releasing addictive behaviors, which are often used to relieve stress.
Brings awareness to the emotional blocks that limit our experience of life.
Disclaimer: I am not a medical doctor, and all content on this site is meant for informational purposes only.
Please let your medical practitioner know before you start any type of yoga practice.


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DISPLAYING THE AMERICAN FLAG AND THE PLEDGE OF ALLIGENCE IN CHURCH DURING MASS
My kingdom is not of this world. John 18:36
Recently I attended a Catholic mass where the American flag was on display. During the mass, the priest led the congregation in the pledge of allegiance.
Immediately my mind jumped that this somehow violated the First Amendment. But analyzing this situation I have come to realize it simply does not.
The role of the First Amendment's religions clause in America.
Governmental "institutions must not press religious observances upon their citizens." Van Orden v. Perry, 545 U.S. 677, 683 (2005) (Rehnquist, C.J., plurality opinion). Even "subtle and indirect" pressures are impermissible. Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577, 593 (1992). The government can neither "persuade [n]or compel" people to join in prayer. Id. at 599. Government cannot bring to bear public pressure, nor lend its support to peer pressure, to join in prayer. Id. at 593. "[A]t a minimum, the Constitution guarantees that government may not coerce anyone to support or participate in religion or its exercise." Lee, 505 U.S. at 587. The government can neither "force nor influence" a person in religious matters. Everson v. Bd. of Educ., 330 U.S. 1, 15 (1947) (emphasis added).
Clearly, the key to the First Amendment protection about religion is government action. In this situation, there is no government action which means the First Amendment does not apply since it is the church influencing, maybe even requiring, a patriotic act during a church service.
The question remains: should a church have a flag in church and do the pledge of allegiance during a church service?
To answer that question we must first look to the history of American flags being displayed in churches.
History of the American flag in churches
American history scholars agree that flags became more common in American churches during World War I.[1] Those who refused to place flags in their sanctuaries were accused of being pro-German. When Herman Hoeksma, minister of a Christian Reformed church in Holland, Michigan, refused to put the flag in the sanctuary during World War I, he was reviled as a pro-German traitor and a Communist. One newspaper suggested that Hoeksma should be deported or shot. Another Dutch Christian Reformed minister in Iowa was run out of town, and had his church burned by vigilantes, for declining to display the flag.[2] In the 1910s, Klansmen donated flags to southern churches and insisted that they be displayed in sanctuaries. During World War II and the fervent anti-communism of the 1950s, the failure to display flags in sanctuaries was considered un-American.[3]
This brief history shows that historically to push to have the American flag displayed in church or risk bodily harm and run out of town.
There is still another difficulty in displaying the American flag in the place of highest honor during church worship. It is one of the oldest and most universal Christian understandings of worship that a mass is the spiritual gathering around the Lord's table for worship by everyone. The whole holy, catholic or universal Church (as that term is used in the Nicene Creed) is joined together at mass all over the world and in heaven. Is it not a denial catholic or universal Church to limit the mass to Americans who pledge allegiance to the flag? If, as the Nicene Creed tells us the church is global, even in its local manifestation, no statement, symbol, song or gesture should suggest limitation to a certain nation or people. The Bible speaks of Peter saying, "I truly understand that God shows no partiality, but in every nation anyone who fears him and does what is right is acceptable to him." Acts 10:34–35. Emphasis added. In Psalm 98 God reveals his righteousness to nations not a specific nation swearing allegiance.
It is a rather narrow view of a catholic or universal Church to suggest God gives you a preferred place if you say pledge allegiance to the flag of a certain nation during mass. My memory of religious instruction did not indicate America having a special covenant or divine revelation from God. The Bible specifically rejects the idea that one people are to be considered God's favorites when it states "there is no favoritism with God." Romans 2:11; Ephesians 6:9. In fact, the Bible states "if you show partiality, you are committing sin." James. 2:9
Saying this differently, displaying a flag and saying the pledge of allegiance during mass is a misguided nationalistic faith of the type found in found in America's past. It is a behavior contrary to the Bible's specific ban of partiality. An American flag used in the worship of the universal church is no more appropriate than hanging a cross in a civil courtroom.
[1] ENEMY ALIENS? WORLD WAR I AND DUTCH AMERICANS, https://origins.calvin.edu/2020/01/14/world-war-i-and-dutch-americans/; The history of the American flag in Missouri Synod Churches, https://concordiahistoricalinstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/HF62_2_American_Flag_LCMS_Churches.pdf
[2] The Church and the American Flag, HTTPS://WWW.THEGOSPELCOALITION.ORG/BLOGS/EVANGELICAL-HISTORY/THE-CHURCH-AND-THE-AMERICAN-FLAG/
RETURNING BAIL IN WISCONSIN
"Pretrial decisions determine mostly everything."
– PROFESSOR CALEB FOOTE, JOHN JAY COLLEGE OF
CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND GRADUATE CENTER,
The issue of using cash bail to hold a person presumed innocent in jail before trial is a complex issue. Over and over again, the presumption of innocence in favor of the accused has been called "axiomatic and elementary and its enforcement lies at the foundation of the administration of our criminal law. Coffin v. United States, 156 U.S. 432, 453 (1895)" United States v. Salemo, 481 U.S. 739, 790 (1979) (J. Marshall, dissenting). "The efforts of the courts and their officials to bring the guilty to punishment, praiseworthy as they are, are not to be aided by the sacrifice of those great principles established by years of endeavor and suffering which have resulted in their embodiment in the fundamental law of the law." Weeks v. United States, 232 U.S. 383, 393 (1914). Likewise, Wisconsin law holds that presumptions in favor of moral honesty and innocence are not only "justified in all civilized nations" but by the institutions of social life and by the laws enacted by government. West v. State, 1 Wis. 209, 215 (1853). Any punishment of the due process right to presumption of innocence must pass "close judicial scrutiny." Williams, 425 U.S. at 503-04; Gaertner, supra.; Whitty, supra. State v. Shumate, 107 Wis. 2d 460, 467, 319 N.W.2d 834, 838 (1982) (quoting State v. Braun, 100 Wis. 2d 77, 86, 301 N.W.2d 180, 185 (1981)) (when setting the amount of bail, a court should not forget about the presumption of innocence).
Those issues have been the subject of countless law reviews, studies, and briefs by attorneys. However, one issue that has not been dealt with that extensively is what happens when a case is over? How is bail money returned?
If a person is found not guilty, any money posted for bail will be returned to the person who posted it in about two weeks after the case is over by the clerk of courts office. There is a
If a person is found guilty, by law, the court MUST apply bond money deposited first towards the payment of any restitution ordered and then to the payment of the judgment. Disbursement of the bond money posted may not occur until the case has been disposed of and may be held up to 120 days after disposition upon a pending order for restitution.
For misdemeanors, Wis. Stat. §969.02(6) explains that when a judgment of conviction is entered in a prosecution in which a deposit had been made in accordance with sub. (2), the balance of such deposit, after deduction of the bond costs, shall be applied first to the payment of any restitution ordered under §973.20 and then, if ordered restitution is satisfied in full, to the payment of the judgment.
For a felony Wis. Stat. §969.03(4) provides that if a judgment of conviction is entered in a prosecution in which a deposit had been made in accordance with sub. (1) (d), the balance of the deposit, after deduction of the bond costs, shall be applied first to the payment of any restitution ordered under §973.20 and then, if ordered restitution is satisfied in full, to the payment of the judgment.
If the money deposited by an individual other than the defendant is applied towards restitution, and/or judgment, the recovery of the money by the person who posted is a matter between the parties and not the court.
THE LENS OF HISTORY CASTS POLICE IN THE ROLE OF SLAVE CATCHERS
On Jackson Street across from Tenor High School in Milwaukee the historical marker[1] pictured above has been placed. It is a monument to Joshua Glover. The name Joshua Glover is a symbol of Wisconsin's schizophrenic reaction to race and policing.
The method of the arrest of Glover Joshua Glover as a fugitive slave is like many of the arrests of Black Americans today. Joshua Glover sought asylum from his slave owner in Racine, Wisconsin. Upon learning his whereabouts in 1854, slave owner Bennami Garland attempted to use the Fugitive Slave Act to recover him. Garland, used the power of a United States District court and proceeded to Glover's shanty in company with two deputy United States marshals. The marshals surprised by their appearance and Glover resisted arrest. One of the deputies knocked him down with a club and leveled a pistol at his head, while the others handcuffed him. In the words of Sherman M. Booth, whose subsequent connection with the case gave him national notoriety, the slave "was knocked down and handcuffed, dumped mangled and bleeding into a democrat wagon, and with a marshal's foot on his neck taken to Milwaukee and thrust into the county jail." On March 18, 1854 a mob incited by Sherman Booth broke into the jail and rescued Glover. Eventually, Glover escaped to Waukesha by boat on Lake Michigan to Canada.[2]
For his part in the escape of Glover, Booth was arrested and a grand jury found a bill of indictment against him for aiding and abetting the release of a fugitive slave in violation of the Fugitive Slave Act. Booth was placed in custody. Again, as if from today's news, the United States marshals claimed immunity from the habeas. The Wisconsin Supreme Court found the marshalls acted improperly. However, the US Supreme Court by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney unanimously held that state courts cannot issue rulings that contradict the decisions of federal courts, and overturned the decision by the Wisconsin Supreme Court. Ableman v. Booth, 62 U.S. (21 How.) 506 (1859),
You can debate all you want about the teaching of critical race theory (given America's history of slavery, how can you deny race as a problem in America's history?), but clearly race, policing and the law have been intertwined. These activities were officially stopped only with the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.In the years following the 13th Amendment, formerly enslaved people saw little relief from racist government policies as they promptly became subject to Black Codes. For the next three years, these new laws specified how, when and where African Americans could work and how much they would be paid. They also restricted black voting rights, dictated how and where African Americans could travel and limited where they could live.
The ratification of the 14th Amendment in 1868 quickly made the Black Codes illegal by giving formerly enslaved blacks equal protection of laws through the Constitution. But within two decades, Jim Crow laws aimed at subjugating African Americans and denying their civil rights were enacted across southern and some northern states, replacing the Black Codes. For about 80 years, Jim Crow laws mandated separate public spaces for blacks and whites, such as schools, libraries, water fountains and restaurants – and enforcing them was part of the police's job. Blacks who broke laws or violated social norms often endured police brutality. Meanwhile, the authorities didn't punish the perpetrators when African Americans were lynched. Nor did the judicial system hold the police accountable for failing to intervene when black people were being murdered by mobs.
Move forward to recent history. District Judge Shira A. Scheindlin of the U.S. District Court Southern District of New York ruled that "[b]ased on the preponderance of the credible evidence", the plaintiffs had established that the NYPD carries out more stops where there are more Blacks and Hispanic residents, even when other relevant variables are held constant. . . . . [and] Blacks and Hispanics are more likely than whites to be stopped within precincts and census tracts, even after controlling for other relevant variables. Floyd v. City of N.Y., 959 F. Supp. 2d 540, 557, 560, 572 fn 100, 574-575, n.121. (S.D.N.Y. 2013).
In 2017, the ACLU filed Collins v. City of Milwaukee[3] to challenge Milwaukee's stop-and-frisk program. Expert reports, relying on the city's own data, show that a huge fraction of Milwaukee police stops are made without reasonable suspicion as required by law and disproportionately subject Black and Latino people to stigmatizing police encounters. The ACLU reported data that even after controlling for factors other than race and ethnicity, black people in Milwaukee are significantly more likely to be subjected to traffic and pedestrian stops and searched after being subjected to a traffic stop, even though it is highly unlikely that these stops and searches will result in the discovery of drugs or weapons. In a majority of documented traffic and pedestrian stops, officers had failed to identify individualized, objective, and articulable reasonable suspicion of criminal activity or vehicle equipment violations prior to conducting the stop. Her report also concluded that Milwaukee police officers routinely failed to document race and ethnicity information about people subjected to such stops.
Separately, I had argued the same point in another case.[4] My client had just parked his car across National Ave. from his home when a squad car turned onto the street from S. 23rd St. As it passed by my client, it stopped and officers said he seemed to be crossing the street without paying attention, that they almost hit him, and asked if he hadn't seen the car approaching. Aphay said he had seen, and just kept walking toward home, even after officers asked him his name. That's when the officers stopped him, grabbed his arm, frisked him, and found the gun and drugs.
As I explained in that case "The refusal to cooperate by not answering the questions, without more, does not furnish the objective justification needed for a detention or stop," the lawyers wrote, citing another opinion. Clearly, any law or police procedure that makes the right to stand or walk across a street after they park their car dependent on "the whim of any police officer" is unconstitutional, the brief states. "What will be accomplished if this practice continues unchecked is that innocent people, mostly minorities like [my client], will continue to learn that all too often the police are not there to serve and protect them."
University of Wisconsin-Madison professor of Afro-American studies Christy Clark-Pujara[5] has explained that the Wisconsin constitution adopted in 1848 barred black people from voting, but did grant it to white men regardless of their citizenship status — like newly arrived immigrants — and to Native American men who renounced tribal affiliations. This created a political structure in which, as Clark-Pujara put it, "you didn't need citizenship, you just needed whiteness." While many white citizens in the young state of Wisconsin opposed slavery, most of those people were not actively working to abolish it, and many feared black migration into the state.
In 2019, Black drivers were eight times more likely than white drivers to be pulled over by police in Milwaukee. In 2020, they were 9.5 times more likely.[6] In 2019, Black people were four times more likely to be subjected to a field interview than white people. They were seven times more likely to be frisked. That same year, Hispanic and Latinx drivers were two and a half times more likely than white people to be pulled over and 1.3 times more likely to be frisked.[7]
This background casts police in the same role as the federal marshals in the case of Joshua Glover. It is up to the police to accept this role or actively change it.
[1] A bronze bust, created by Toronto-born artist Quentin VerCetty, now sits at Joshua Glover Park — a park in Toronto, Canada. https://dailyhive.com/toronto/toronto-unveils-new-statue-of-historic-abolitionist-figure-joshua-glover
[2] https://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/WIReader/WER1124.html; http://www.etobicokehistorical.com/joshua-glover.html
[3] https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=9453977146194782377&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr
[4] https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/blogs/proof-and-hearsay/2016/12/06/lawyer-police-abusing-stop-and-frisk/95005266/
[5] https://www.wiscontext.org/wisconsins-halting-path-toward-black-suffrage
[6] https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/local/milwaukee/2021/09/24/racial-disparities-2020-milwaukee-stop-and-frisk-practices-worsened/5811970001/
These are reflections I have had about our criminal justice system. Some of it may make sense, some of it might not.