Last week, we had the obvious happen. There were four home teams that all won by double digits and blitzed their way from Wildcard Weekend to the Divisional Round. Now those four teams play in what is considered as the best weekend in football. It's time for the last two-day week in the NFL season this year. Today we'll be going over the two Saturday games as the Seattle Seahawks fly to Atlanta to face the Falcons and the Houston Texans travel to New England to face the #1 seeded Patriots as we begin the 2017 NFL Playoffs Divisional Round.
The Atlanta Falcons have continued to prove people wrong all year. People thought the Carolina Panthers would win the division, the Falcons did. People thought the Carolina Panthers, or Arizona Cardinals, or even their opponents, the Seattle Seahawks would win one of the bye spots in the NFC, the Falcons did. And now people are saying there is no way the Falcons can make it to the Superbowl with their defense as currently constructed………. To be continued.
The Seattle Seahawks are coming off a pretty, solidly, easy win against the Detroit Lions last week. However, this week they are not at home, they are not playing a team on a three-game losing streak, and they are not playing against a team with zero running game. As good as the Seahawks looked last week, they must be two and three times better to beat the Falcons. Seattle RB Thomas Rawls may have to come near to 150 yards once again to not only keep Seattle balanced but to keep the high-powered Falcons offense off the field. Can he do it again?
I think this will be a FG type of game. As with most playoff games, the turnovers will likely decide the winner. This is the game that will show how much the Seahawks miss their starting S Earl Thomas. The keys to this game will be the Seattle running game vs. an underwhelming Atlanta run defense and the Atlanta passing attack offense vs. a Seattle "Legion of Boom" pass defense that is usually the savior for the Seahawks. I trust Seattle QB Russell Wilson more than Atlanta QB Matt Ryan, but the home field could be enough to give the Falcons the edge, but as I said, this is a FG game either way.
The Saturday night game for the divisional round is a TV spot that seems to be set for the New England Patriots every year. Once again, they will be in the spotlight as the Texans come to town. New England QB Tom Brady, despite missing four games due to deflate-gate (hopefully the last time I ever type that), had a spectacular year. He averaged almost 300 passing yards per game and a ridiculous TD/INT ratio with 28 TDs and only 2 INTs. When you include New England RB LeGarrette Blount's great year of over 1100 rushing yards and a league-leading 18 TDs, their offense is full throttle as they head into the playoffs.
The Houston Texans backed into the playoffs but got the lucky matchup of facing a rookie QB in his 1st career start. The Texans #1 ranked defense confused and had their way with Oakland QB Connor Cook last week. They won't be so lucky this week. The Texans are not expected to win this game, by ANYONE, but one thing that always travels in the playoffs is a good defense and a good running game. This Texans team has both of those attributes. Their RB Lamar Miller has had a very good year and their defense, despite not have Mr. All Everything, JJ Watt, is still arguably the best defense in the league.
The Texans have already made it known that the almost unprecedented state of being a 16-point underdog in the divisional round is going to be part of their motivation on Saturday. They know that no one gives them a shot to win, but it's that "Me against the World" mentality that will be their fire. I still thing no matter how motivated they are, the Patriots are going to win, but I think between having the #1 rated defense, and assuming they don't quit if they get down early, I do think they will cover the 16-point spread. I am one of the few people that do not think this will be as easy as the oddsmakers are making it seem.
Last week there were four blowouts, this week, I expect to be much closer. With three games this weekend that can be legitimately pick-em games, it's almost as if the playoffs don't really start till now. This week is sure to show why so many people love the NFL, and football for that matter, for anyone that watched the NCAA Football National Championship Game. As for the one game that everyone expects to already know the result, this is the Texans chance to shock the world. If we played the games on paper, we would have a lot different Superbowl Champions, that's why they play the game.
Justice League: Will a Green Lantern Show Up?


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Ted Tierney, a Shareholder at Vedder Price and member of its Labor and Employment group, has recently been named to the list of Top 100 Labor Attorneys in the United States for 2009, as compiled by Labor Relations Institute, Inc., a leading industry information source.
Inclusion on the list puts Mr. Tierney in the top one percent of labor attorneys in the U.S., making him one of the most active attorneys representing companies in National Labor Relations Board monitored elections.
Mr. Tierney made the elite list by being selected from more than 9,000 attorneys evaluated by Labor Relations Institute. The honor of "Top One Hundred" was determined by the number of NLRB elections in which each attorney provided representation and the success of those election outcomes.
Mr. Tierney counsels small and large manufacturing, service and not-for-profit corporations in all aspects of labor law. He is a successful litigator and has held the position of Trial Attorney with the National Labor Relations Board. From 1964 to 1967, he held the position of Judge Advocate as Captain in the United States Air Force.
He is a frequent presenter on labor law topics before trade and professional associations.


This really is a pearl of a restaurant, shining in an otherwise fairly undistinguished part of the borough. Glass fronted and with elegant modern furnishings, it serves seasonal food, with a menu that changes regularly. As well as soups and panini for weekday lunches, they do a more sophisticated menu for weekend lunches and evenings, combining modern British and Mediterranean styles. One of the cooler outposts in Hackney Wick, they also host a short summer film festival. Plus there's regular 'poetry at the Pearl', and the classiest cocktail hour in the area.


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Home Archives for April 2019
H.E. MR. Moses Kouni Mosé, Ambassador of Solomon Islands, meets with the President and the Vice-President of the Netherlands Oceania Support Foundation
The President and the Vice-President of the Netherlands Oceania Support Foundation, Mr. Paul Driessen...
More info April 30
FIVE MORE MINISTERS SWORN-IN
Five more Ministers of the Democratic Coalition Government for Advancement (DCGA) have been sworn-in...
H.E Mr. Moses K. Mosé welcomes the new Minister-Counsellor to the Mission on April 22,2019
Ambassador Mosé formally welcomes the deployment of Ms Vanessa Rodie who has been deployed...
FIVE MINISTERS SWORN-IN
Five Ministers of the Democratic Coalition Government for Advancement (DCGA) have been sworn-in by...
SOGAVARE SWORN-IN AS NEW PM
Manasseh Damukana Sogavare has been sworn-in as Solomon Islands new Prime Minister by the...
H.E. Mr. Moses Kouni Mosé, Ambassador of Solomon Islands, with Mr. Stef Blok, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the Netherlands at the Diplomatic Corps dinner hosted by His Majesty, King of Netherlands in Amsterdam on April 9, 2019
H.E. Mr. Moses Kouni MOSE met Ms. Sunita Lukkhoo, the Deputy Adviser and Regional Manager for Asia and Pacific in the European Investment Bank (EIB) on March 27, 2019
The Deputy Adviser and Regional Manager for Asia and Pacific in the European Investment...
More info April 1

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Exactly a year after launching the Asus Zenfone Selfie in India, Asus has now launched an improved variant of the camera-centric smartphone.
Asus has announced the launch of the improved variant of the Asus Zenfone Selfie, which is the company's selfie-centric smartphone with a diamond cut back panel. The device has a 5.5 inch IPS display with Corning Gorilla Glass 4 protection, 72% screen to body ratio and resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixels. The smartphone is powered by the octa core Snapdragon 615 processor with a 3 GB of RAM and 16 GB of internal storage.
The Asus Zenfone Selfie has a 13 MP rear facing laser auto focus camera with f/2.0 aperture and real tone LED flash. There is also a front facing 13 MP camera with f/2.2 aperture and real tone flash. The device runs on the Android Lollipop version with a massive 3000 mAh battery. The handset is priced at Rs. 12999 and is available in Glacier Gray, Sheer Gold, Polygon-Illusion Diamond White, Illusion Polygon Blue and Illusion Smooth Pink colour options and would be available exclusively on Amazon.in.


Hello, today's post is a special one. I had the privilege of interviewing my good friend and fellow writer, Thomas Hollowell. You may remember me mentioning him in past posts as one of the main reasons that I am a freelance writer today. He helped me get my start. Thomas is the author of the Amazon Morocco bestseller, Allah's Garden. He has graciously accepted my invitation for this interview.
Shaun: Thomas, first I want to thank you for doing this interview. It is my first here at ShaunKilgore.com.
Thomas: I am glad to be here. And, I checked out your Website. You are offering some very nice content for freelance writers.
Shaun: Let's begin with this question: How did you get started in freelance writing?
Thomas: I got started back in 2004 with freelance writing. I started working on Allah's Garden before that, but I did not get into magazine writing until then. I actually began with Internet freelance writing.
Shaun: What prompted you to take on freelance?
Thomas: Well, I was living in Korea on an expired visa in my passport. My girlfriend was working there full time and I wanted to try something, anything, but teaching. So, I thought about writing and seeing if I could make a living doing it. One thing led to another and I started an online travel magazine. I then started querying magazines for jobs. I got my first gig with a cooking magazine. It was like my second query I sent out. It paid US $1 per word! I had no idea what to do. I put together the best article I could and it was accepted; it was about Kimchi and Korean BBQ. They changed almost every word when the mag was published, but I got my foot in the door, so to speak. That same editor moved to an American Cooking Magazine. I got a gig that paid US $250 and didn't do so well on it. I got paid, but it didn't get published. Oops.
Shaun: What sort of advice would you give new writers who may be considering freelance writing as their next job?
Thomas: I would say give yourself years to learn the business and to get your name out there. I attended one book conference and a travel writer said that writing was 75% business and 25% (or less) actually writing. We make modest salaries (with per word rates), the best one might do is $25-30,000. I would also suggest taking classes, reading books about writing, and learning to shoot photos. Purchase a high-resolution DSLR camera if you can afford it. Even the basic DSLRs will do the job. If you can offer photos with writings, it will take you further. If, however, you are a photographer and attempting to get published just for your photos, that is a much harder game.
Also, learn to write. Don't worry about being Shakespeare; just learn how to come about something with an enticing voice and angle. Be different and not dry. That takes some skill and creativity. I am no artist by any means, but I think one can definitely learn to be a writer. It is not genetic in all cases!
Shaun: What is the most difficult part of freelance writing and what is the most enjoyable?
Thomas: The most enjoyable is the lifestyle -- you can live and work at home! You create your own schedule. This is also one of the most difficult things. I am not that much of an early riser. But, I have to plan my days carefully -- a skill I am still learning. If you can keep organized, be professional in all correspondences, be willing to take tons of risks, be willing to accept tons of rejection, and be willing to find yourself a couple of niche topics that are in demand, you can do well.
Shaun: What sorts of assignments have you had and what magazines have you appeared in?
Thomas: Well, actually not as many as I would like. But, enough to get my name out there, have a decent portfolio, and then prove myself to other editors (and publishers!). I have worked with NHA Magazine a few times (a Vietnam / American mag in West-Coast Airlines), Cooking Smart, Hustler, ComputorEdge (now out of print), Coffee House Digest, Go World Travel, TheTravelChannel.com, Bootsnall.com, African Prestige, rise!, and most recently Outside Magazine (which I am excited about).
Shaun: Okay, let's change gears now. You are the author of two books. The first one, Allah's Garden, has been out for just about a year. I know that you've put a lot of work into the promotion of this book. Can you tell me a bit about your experiences and what you've learned about writing and publishing since then?
Thomas: Well, Allah's Garden has taught me a lot about writing and marketing. A small house, Tales Press, published the book. They did some initial marketing, but pretty much left it open to me. I have done tons to try to get the word out there. I have sold a good portion of copies, but I had to learn about press releases, social marketing (where your friends get really annoyed at you for repeatedly tweeting about your book), and on forums. I think the forums (those dealing with Morocco and human rights issues) have been a great place to promote a bit (in the signature of my name). Last month, I worked three hours per day on promotion and sold a lot of books. But, not a lot for a big house--a lot for a small one. I am having to move on to another project now and will be both relieved and still miss pushing this book.
Shaun: Many people don't know how much effort it takes to push a book, especially, when so many of the bigger houses reserve their advertising dollars for "sure things" or established authors.
Thomas: Very True. You have to be very innovative and still spend some money. I got my name out there and was invited by Yale University to speak about my book. That was great--a free ticket to the U.S. (I live abroad.) But, with larger houses, they have better distribution and sales reps, so that helps too.
Shaun: So I know you have another book that is about to come out. What are you plans for promoting this new one?
Thomas: Yes, The Everything Travel Guide to Ireland (Adams Media) co-written with Katie Kelly Bell. I am going to push this book like Allah's Garden, but can leave a bit more to the publishing house. I am going to chat on forums, write some articles, press releases, and get some good reviews. Other than that, they have a great distribution outlet and can get the book into stores.
Shaun: Any new projects on the horizon?
It is not written yet, we sold it with a stellar (I think it is!) proposal and a heightened amount of coverage in the media.
Shaun: That's great. I know you put a lot of work into your proposal. Well, Thomas, it looks like we are at the end of our time. I know you have an appointment to keep. Thanks for stopping by and doing this interview.
Thomas: I really appreciate the opportunity Shaun and I look forward to getting a copy of Echoes from the Past and your own future releases in the book world!
Shaun: Thanks, I appreciate that.
And here we are folks. I want to thank my guest Thomas Hollowell for stopping by to chat about the worlds of freelance writing and publishing. If you would like to know more about Thomas and his books, you can visit www.thomashollowell.com and www.allahs-garden.com. If you are interested in his Morocco travel tours, you can find out more by visiting www.journeybeyondtravel.com.


Mr. Lynch's practice concentrates on commercial and business litigation, with a current focus on first-party insurance defense. He has represented clients in a wide variety of litigation, such as shareholder disputes, complex real estate disputes, construction litigation involving the renovation of a city-owned golf course, partnership disputes, civil rights litigation, and a judgment creditor dispute against the Republic of Congo. Mr. Lynch also has represented municipalities and counties in employment, land use, and civil rights matters, and defended well-known insurance companies in complex claims cases (particularly in long-term disability claim disputes, both ERISA and non-ERISA).
Formerly a clerk for the Honorable Jorge A. Solis in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Mr. Lynch is well steeped in courtroom etiquette and has tried cases in state and federal court throughout Texas. He has briefed and argued appeals in Texas appellate courts as well as the Fifth Circuit. Mr. Lynch handles lawsuits from the start of litigation through the entire appellate process.
Obtained a jury verdict in excess of $1.5 million on behalf of a large commercial landlord in a veil-piercing case against a well-known tenant. The Dallas Court of Appeals affirmed the verdict and, after receiving briefs on a petition for review, the Texas Supreme Court declined to grant the petition.
Successfully represented a minority shareholder in a closely-held company dispute during a 12 day arbitration proceeding. The result was a recovery of more than $500,000.00.
Successfully represented a licensing company in a federal court dispute over licensing royalties against a well-known clothing manufacturer. Secured summary judgment in the trial court, which was affirmed by the Fifth Circuit, resulting in the licensing company recovering several hundred thousand dollars.
Mr. Lynch has successfully represented numerous insurance companies in a variety of lawsuits filed in state and federal courts in Texas, New Mexico, and other jurisdictions. During the past three years alone, he has resolved hundreds of insurance disputes either by way of settlement, summary judgment, or trial.
Figari + Davenport is a limited liability partnership. Unless otherwise indicated, attorneys listed in this web site are not certified by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization.


Michel Foucault (2010) Government of self and others: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1982-83, trans. G. Burchell. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan. (HB: pp. 402, £19.99, ISBN 1 4039 8666 5).
This opening in The Order of Things with reference to Las Meninas bears some resemblance to the lectures Foucault held at the Collège de France in 1983. Here Foucault presents his work-in-progress, and it is not certain when or if the work will be conclusive – or to what degree it has even begun. This unfinished form, nevertheless, makes the lectures worth reading as they give us a good sense of how Foucault works with his material. Through the subject of the lectures, the Greek concept of parrēsia, he explores the relation between philosophy and politics as well as the problematization of conditions of truth. As such, the analysis of parrēsia ties central aspects of Foucault's authorship together in a clarifying way.
The lectures begin with a programmatic exposition in which Foucault positions his preceding works by explaining what he has been doing, or always intended to do (3). What he has been doing is a history of thought based on an analysis of the central experiences of our culture (e.g. criminality, madness, sexuality), their development and transformation. Such an analysis is carried out through three overlapping analytical approaches. These are 'forms of possible knowledge', 'normative frameworks of behavior', and 'potential modes of existence for possible subjects'. Together, these approaches create the 'focal point of experience' in our culture (ibid.). The analysis of parrēsia clarifies the relation between these three analytical approaches since they are related to the central question of 'truth-telling in procedures of government and the constitution of [an] individual as subject for himself and for others' (42; brackets in original).
Foucault finds inspiration for this general frame of analysis in the Kantian question of the Aufklärung, stating that a part of Kant's legacy was to raise two questions that founded modern philosophy. First, examined by analytical Anglo-Saxon philosophy, the 'question on the conditions of possibility of a true knowledge'. Second, elaborated by Continental philosophy, the question of the status of our present reality, which Foucault famously calls 'an ontology of the present' (20-1). The latter is the one to which he, unsurprisingly, links himself to, and it is on the basis of an analysis of parrēsia that Foucault articulates this ontology of the present. Parrēsia, then, reinforces elements of his prior studies but points towards future research as well.
In order to find the precise meaning of parrēsia Foucault dives into the archive of antique texts, continuously displacing older definitions and identifying nuances in the various meanings of the word. In this way he traces the problem of parrēsia through a careful collation, exegesis and juxtaposition of a variety of texts. The tracing is so detailed that reading the lectures is somewhat like reading the texts themselves, with Foucault giving the reader a unique insight into the way he conducts his analyses.
In spite of the different meanings of parrēsia, two general moments of parrēsia emerge through Foucault's analysis (340). The first moment, based on a reading of classical tragedy and history, is concerned with the political problematization of parrēsia. This moment, treated in lectures 3 to 6, is derived from the works on the tragic figure Ion (Euripides) and the political figure Pericles (Thucydides). The other moment, primarily devoted to the work of Plato, is philosophical. It is examined in lectures 6 to 8 and constitutes the Socratic and philosophical problematization of parrēsia (353). With this distinction in place, Foucault assembles the various aspects of parrēsia in an expositional rather than strictly analytical way.
Foucault sketches out how political parrēsia is a practice of fundamental importance for the political realm. It revolves around four conditions: it is a part of democracy; it includes a 'game of ascendency'; it involves truth-telling; and it is executed with courage (173-5; cf. also 299). The central question for this moment is how truth and truth-telling play out within this realm (89). Truth is not something already given or simply established through truth-telling itself. On the contrary, truth is an unstable affair. It can, however, momentarily be settled through the 'passions' circulating in and between political individuals (119). With such a conception Foucault is hinting to how truth is not exclusively constituted by logos; truth, rather, is supported by logos, through a complex mass of social relations, educational apparatuses, and individual desires. Nevertheless, within the domain of politics truth keeps on quivering and does not sediment once and for all.
Those, however, who think differently from what the Assembly in general desires, he [Isocrates] says, really must look for rational and true arguments in order to persuade the Assembly and get it to change its opinion. Consequently, an assembly would do much better listening to those who speak to it against its opinion, than to those who merely repeat what it thinks (191).
Governing and governed are thus intimately related and continually displace the problem of who may speak the truth. Both parties may have an answer, and parrēsia in its political moment remains therefore a risky affair: something that may not fulfill itself and something that must be guided. This insecure situation opens up a new kind of discourse that enables the rise of a new conception of parrēsia: philosophical parrēsia. Political parrēsia is not replaced with this new conception. On the contrary, they co-exist in a chiastic relationship. Political parrēsia constitutes philosophical parrēsia, and the latter modifies the first. Thus, parrēsia continues to be a problem for politics, but it is characterized by an instability that philosophy responds to.
According to Foucault, philosophical parrēsia also revolves around four conditions: it is still executed with courage but without running a risk; it refers at the same time to general principles and particular circumstances; it is addressed to both the governing and the governed in order to 'elicit a certain kind of behavior'; and it must 'confront reality' (276-9). Philosophical parrēsia no longer unambiguously refers to an act of speaking up courageously when a political subject suffers from injustice. The philosopher no longer 'takes the risk of reproaching someone powerful for his injustice' (134). Rather, within the domain of philosophical parrēsia, the philosopher advises the powerful. This is not done by addressing the powerful directly, but by speaking in general principles to all parties. This generality disrupts the political use of parrēsia, which was explicitly directed to the Assembly or the governor. Now parrēsia acts, in what Foucault calls a 'psychagogic' manner (cf. 334-6), towards both governor and governed. In this setting, the problem of how philosophy should be concerned with and related to politics arises, because in order for philosophy to be a constitutional part of politics it must confront political reality. It must not remain merely discourse (logos) but turn into action (ergon) by confronting the political field with truth-telling (247-55).
The subject, and the care for itself, thus becomes the central concern for philosophical parrēsia. Caring about oneself Foucault writes, 'consists first and foremost in knowing whether or not one does know what one knows' (326). With this conception of parrēsia Foucault is able to weave together politics, philosophy, subject, truth and caring. With the conjunction of these dimensions the title of the lectures, Government of Self and Others, is the underlying unifying leitmotif. In the lectures we do not find a direct or careful unraveling of governmental relations. It comes up occasionally, sometimes discretely in relation to caring. At other times more concretely, as when Foucault demonstrates how the governor may turn to philosophy when handling political issues. Through this engagement with philosophy the governor turns towards himself and guides himself towards his political (and philosophical) task. This turning towards oneself implies the need to exercise a variety of different self-practices in order to carry out the creation of a new way of being that improves political governance – philosophy thus becomes a 'practice of self on self' (254).
Philosophy is related to power. It indirectly guides politics by constituting a new mode of being within the political in order for politics to guide power and itself. This is done by questioning rather than lecturing, leaving the political to reflect upon its own actions. Telling the truth, however, can have socio-political consequences for oneself and others, and has the possibility to transform the field of politics. Philosophy as a practice of truth-telling that addresses the political field, therefore, is a practice that must also reflect upon its own circumstantial when and how.
From this point of view, the analysis of parrēsia and the conditions of truth-telling lay bare not only the historical conditions of Foucault's own practice as an intellectual, but also the conditions and possibility of intellectual truth-concerned activity in general. This in the sense that the lectures show how modern philosophy has come to deal with questions about the conditions of truth and the practical implications of telling the truth in a certain way, at a certain time, and knowing that this truth-telling can have consequences for its own present.
In the final two lectures, Foucault points out more directly that his analysis could be understood as such an uncovering: 'Maybe we could envisage the history of modern European philosophy as a history of practices of veridiction, as a history of practices of parrēsia' (349). Elsewhere he calls for historical analyses of 'ontologies of the discourse of truth' (309). Such historical research, Foucault suggests, would ask three questions: (1) What is the mode of being peculiar to this or that discourse, when it introduces a certain specific game of truth into realities? (2) What is the mode of being that this discourse of veridiction confers on the reality it talks about? (3) And what is the mode of being that this discourse of veridiction imposes on the subject who employs it? (309-10).
Foucault presents these as questions to be posed by research. Yet it seems quite clear that they are also the research questions he actually indirectly employed in his previous analyses. Following this, Foucault states that all truth should be understood and analyzed as a game of veridiction and every ontology of this as a fiction (310). Hence, what emerges in the lectures is a sense that truth as an object for analysis is essentially conditioned. Understanding ontology as fiction and truth as conditioned, however, does not seem to discredit the idea of truth as such. In Foucault's account, truth becomes highly interesting in another sense, and seeking truth emerges as a question of asking: Why does this obvious experience (madness, sexuality, etc.), which in principle is contingent, insistently present itself as obvious and with particular claims to truth? As a discourse on truth, the role of modern philosophy is to question its own conditions and conditioning effects. The concrete ontology of truth undertaken in the lectures is then not only an ontology of the discourse of truth in antique Greece but also of present philosophy (and politics). The lectures are thus an archeological and genealogical attempt to uncover the provenance of critical thought and the relation to truth that characterizes modernity. Through a genealogy that goes further back than the Kantian question of enlightenment, Foucault therefore emphasizes that 'philosophy through the critique of the Aufklärung, became aware of problems which were traditionally problems of parrēsia in antiquity' (350).
This first tentative exposition of parrēsia, in retrospect, represented the first move towards a more complete elaboration of the concept, which Foucault would present more systematically in a lecture series held at Berkeley in 1983 (Foucault, 2001), and in his final lectures given at the Collège de France shortly before his death in 1984 (Foucault, 2011). Following the displacements of the notion of parrēsia through his analysis, the Government of Self and Others provides an interesting glimpse into the analytical machinery of Foucault's work. Reading with Foucault is important and valuable, allowing us to gain a concrete idea of how he actually dealt with his material: continuously analyzing, developing and displacing concepts – a way of working in which concepts can hardly be applied in other contexts. Thus the central lesson to be learned from the lectures, if we are inspired by his work in our own analytical endeavors, is to ask ourselves: Should we use what Foucault says, or do what he does?
Conclusively, these interesting aspects of how Foucault undertakes his work are of great relevance to academic disciplines interested in how significant concepts are analytically developed rather than analytically applied, whether they are Foucauldian or derived from any other source. For organization studies, and for the topic of the management of self-management in particular, important general questions to be posed by research inspired by Foucault could be: Why and how does the experience of self-management insistently present itself as obvious and with particular claims to truth? How does self-management present itself as a managerial, economical and political problem, and how is truth conditioned in these different problematizations? In so far as this research considers itself as a discourse on truth in line with modern philosophy, it will have to question its own conditions and conditioning effects in relation to the experience of the management of self management, and in that sense address its own truth problems.
 The lexical definition of parrēsia (παρρησίᾳ), whose meaning Foucault tries to re-shape and re-assemble, is 'outspokenness, frankness, freedom of speech' (Liddell and Scott, 1940: 1344).
Foucault, M. (1970) The order of things: An archeology of the human sciences. London: Routledge.
Foucault, M. (2001) Fearless speech. New York: Semiotext(e).
Liddell, H.G. and R. Scott (1940) A Greek-English lexicon. Oxford: Oxford University.
Joakim Kromann is a Master's student in business administration and philosophy at Copenhagen Business School. He is currently writing his Master's thesis on the metaphysics of the invisible hand and self-organization.
Thomas Klem Andersen is a Master's student in business administration and philosophy at Copenhagen Business School. He is currently writing his Master's thesis on the problematization of the self in narrative coaching and psycho-therapeutic practices.


this week, so lets jump right into it!
Devil. Yeah. The Literal Devil.
finest heroes, even when that means defending those who hate and fear them.
detective to the case. His only clue? A single white feather left at the scene.
talking egret? Or will his investigation lead him to somewhere even stranger?


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text:
Mercuryville, California facts for kids
Quick facts for kids
Mercuryville
Mercuryville, California
The town of Mercuryville in 1956
Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 412: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Mercuryville, California is a ghost town in the Mayacamas Mountains of Sonoma County, California along The Geysers road.
Mercuryville was founded in 1874. Around 1870 cinnabar, a mercury bearing ore, was discovered in eastern Sonoma County, about 60 miles north of San Francisco, about twenty years after the California gold rush had begun. Mercury is a dense liquid metal that can be used to separate gold from other less dense materials, and this drove up the demand and price of mercury to $1 a pound, making extracting the ore profitable, and prompting a short-lived mercury rush in the 1870s. When the price of ore dropped within a few years, most mines were quickly abandoned. In its heyday, the town had eight bars that were notorious for fights, and a single church. Mercury was also mined in other areas of Sonoma County at the time, including mines near Guerneville.
Geolocation 38.232471, 122.8394477
As per the name of the town, quicksilver (mercury) was the economic engine of the town, and there were several mines in the area. The nearby Socrates Mine, about 5 mile west of Mercuryville, produced mercury bearing ores including: cinnabar, montroydire, edgarbaileyite, magnesite, and tiemannite. The mine also bore other minerals including chalcedony, opal, and pyrite. The area has considerable geothermal resources, with active fumaroles and hot springs. Located nearby is the Geysers, the world's largest geothermal energy generation facility that provides 725 megawatts of energy; it produces enough electricity to power the city of San Francisco.
By 1956 the settlement of Mercuryville had diminished in population to a population of two, and the town now consisted of a gas station/store that doubled as a home for an elderly couple. By this time the nearby Geysers resort was rundown with a main pool and a few smaller gender segregated pools. By the mid-1960's the gas station had closed and Mercuryville had become a ghost town. One of the last remaining large mine buildings was burned in wildfires in the mid-1970's, although some concrete structures and metalwork from the mines remain.
Abandoned quicksilver mine near Mercuryville, California
Mercuryville City limits road sign from the 1950's
Mercuryville, California Facts for Kids. Kiddle Encyclopedia.
This page was last modified on 1 January 2022, at 17:54. Suggest an edit.


text:
\section{Introduction}

\textbf{\emph{Introduction.}}\ Non-Abelian anyons provide a fascinating
illustration of Anderson's `more is different' paradigm~\cite{Anderson1972}.
These quasiparticles, which emerge from interacting collections of ordinary
bosons and fermions, produce a ground-state degeneracy that scales
exponentially with the number of anyons present in the host system.
Moreover, braiding the anyons around one another noncommutatively rotates the
system's quantum state within this degenerate manifold.  These remarkable
properties have led to great interest in non-Abelian anyons for use in
fault-tolerant quantum information processing devices~\cite{Nayak2008}.  Our
goal here is to propose another application of non-Abelian anyons, namely the
construction of unusual circuit elements such as transistors for fractional
charge, current/voltage mirrors, and flux-based capacitors.

As a primer, let us first consider a one-dimensional (1D) topological
superconductor \cite{Kitaev2001}, obtained when an odd-channel wire acquires
a bulk pairing gap. Suppose that a 1D superconductor breaks up into
alternating topological and trivial domains as in Fig.~\ref{FigZeroModes}(a)
(\emph{e.g.}, by varying the number of channels spatially along the wire).
Here the endpoints of the topological regions realize `Ising' non-Abelian
anyons, which bind Majorana zero-modes that encode a two-fold ground-state
degeneracy per topological segment.  Physically, the degeneracy reflects the
fact that each topological domain can switch its fermion parity without
affecting the energy density---contrary to conventional superconductors.
Numerous sources of 1D topological superconductivity have been proposed,
which involve coupling a bulk superconductor to systems such as
two-dimensional (2D) topological insulator edges~\cite{Fu2008},
spin-orbit-coupled nanowires~\cite{Lutchyn2010a,Oreg2010}, magnetic-atom
chains~\cite{Choy2011,Nadj-Perge2013}, or counterpropagating sets of integer
quantum Hall edge modes~\cite{Clarke2013a, Lindner2012} (for reviews see
Refs.\ \cite{Beenakker2013a,Alicea2012a,Leijnse2012,Stanescu2013a}).

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width = \columnwidth]{ZeroModeSetups}
\caption{(a) Majorana zero-modes $\gamma_j$ bind to domain walls separating topological
and trivial segments of a 1D superconducting wire.
(b) `Parafermion' zero-modes $\alpha_j$, which represent $\mathbb{Z}_3$
generalized Majorana modes, localize
between segments of a trench in a $\nu=2/3$ quantum Hall state gapped by
tunneling and Cooper pairing.  In both cases the zero-modes encode a degeneracy
among states with different charge $Q$ (mod $2e$) on the central region,
as labeled in the figure.}
\label{FigZeroModes}
\end{figure}

Among these platforms, the integer quantum Hall architecture most naturally
generalizes to fractionalized setups that harbor richer phenomena stemming from
the interplay between superconductivity and strong correlations. Consider, for
instance, a `wire' synthesized from counterpropagating fractional quantum Hall
edge states separated by a narrow trench [see Fig.~\ref{FigZeroModes}(b) for an
example at filling $\nu = 2/3$].  This `wire' can acquire a gap either through
electron backscattering across the trench or via Cooper pairing. Because the
edge states support fractionally charged excitations, the ends of
pairing-gapped regions correspond to exotic non-Abelian anyons binding
generalizations of Majorana
zero-modes~\cite{Clarke2013a,Lindner2012,Cheng2012}.  These
\emph{parafermionic} zero-modes~\cite{Fendley2012} encode a larger ground-state
degeneracy compared to the usual Majorana case, since here each
superconducting-gapped region can acquire \emph{fractional} charge without
changing its energy density.  Similar effects may arise in other fractionalized
setups~\cite{Barkeshli2012a,Vaezi2013,Oreg2013,Klinovaja2014a,Klinovaja2014b},
including quantum Hall bilayers in which interlayer tunneling plays the role of
Cooper pairing~\cite{Barkeshli2013a,Barkeshli2013b}.

In this paper we predict novel \emph{non-local} transport signatures of
Majorana and parafermionic zero-modes in quantum Hall/superconductor hybrids
that, in turn, provide a foundation for the unusual circuit elements
mentioned above. The experiments we propose relate closely to the `zero-bias
anomaly'  arising when a single-channel normal lead probes a Majorana
zero-mode in a 1D topological
superconductor~\cite{Sengupta2001,Bolech2007,Law2009,Flensberg2010,
Wimmer2011,Fidkowski2012,Lin2012,Affleck2013,Lutchyn2013}.
In such a setup---sketched in Fig.~\ref{FigAndreev}(a)---the Majorana mode is
predicted to mediate perfect Andreev reflection as temperature $T$ and bias
voltage $V$ approach zero.  That is, in this asymptotic limit an incoming
electron from the normal lead reflects off of the topological superconductor
as a hole with unit probability, yielding a quantized zero-bias conductance
of $2e^2/h$. Importantly, this is twice the conductance of an ideal
single-channel wire, with the factor of two arising because of the added
contribution of the reflected hole.

We show that quantum Hall/superconductor hybrids yield an interesting variation
on this transport anomaly, in particular when the native edge states serve as a
lead that probes zero-modes generated in such setups. The basic transport
architecture appears in Fig.~\ref{FigAndreev}(b) and contains two new features
compared to the 1D topological superconductor problem. First, in the fractional
quantum Hall case the (parafermionic) zero-mode at the outer trench edge
mediates perfect conversion of incoming quasiparticles carrying
\emph{fractional} charge $e^*$ into $-e^*$ quasiholes as $T,V \rightarrow 0$,
thereby transmitting charge $2e^*$ into the superconductor. Such events are
possible since the pairing-gapped trench can resonantly absorb fractional
charge due to the ground-state degeneracy. (Ref.~\cite{Barkeshli2013b} briefly
explored an analogous transport phenomenon in a bilayer setup.)  Second---and
more importantly---if the (ungapped) quantum Hall edge used as a lead supports
purely chiral charge excitations, the outgoing quasihole continues in the same
direction around the edge as Fig.~\ref{FigAndreev}(b) illustrates. We refer to
this process as \emph{Andreev conversion} to distinguish it from standard
Andreev reflection in which the hole retraces the incoming particle's path
\footnote{Andreev conversion is essentially a chiral analogue of crossed
Andreev reflection~\cite{Nilsson2008,Herrmann2010,Das2012b}.}. The
superconductor and quantum Hall edges thus form a trijunction in which the
current and voltage in each leg exhibits a strong dynamical constraint. When
multiple superconducting trenches are immersed in the same quantum Hall fluid,
this dynamical constraint underlies various non-local transport anomalies.  In
what follows we theoretically establish the perfect Andreev conversion noted
above under rather general circumstances and then discuss several novel circuit
elements that follow.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width = 3in]{AndreevFigure}
\caption{(a) Electrons injected from a normal lead towards a 1D topological
superconductor perfectly Andreev reflect into holes due to coupling with
a Majorana zero-mode at the junction.
(b) The zero-mode in a pairing-gapped trench of a quantum Hall
fluid similarly mediates `perfect Andreev conversion', transforming incoming
quasiparticles from the edge into outgoing quasiholes.
In either case, the superconductor absorbs the excess charge.}
\label{FigAndreev}
\end{figure}

\textbf{\emph{Perfect Andreev conversion}.}\  One can access the transport
phenomena we describe using many different quantum Hall phases.  The
conceptually simplest corresponds to a $\nu = 1$ integer quantum Hall state,
though coupling to superconductivity in this case appears non-trivial due to
spin polarization.  Alternatively, the $\nu = 1$ edge mode can arise from the
magnetically gapped surface of a 3D topological insulator
\cite{Fu2009b,Akhmerov2009a}.  In this realization one can utilize ordinary
$s$-wave superconductors; moreover, orbital magnetic fields are not required.
Quantum Hall phases with multiple edge channels also suffice.  We will simply
require that the edge supports a single, chiral charge mode that at low
energies decouples from all other neutral modes.  This decoupling occurs,
\emph{e.g.}, for hierarchical states at $\nu = n/(2np+1)$ ($n$ and $p$ are
integers) due to disorder as shown by Kane and Fisher \cite{Kane1995}.  Among
this series the spin-unpolarized $\nu = 2/3$ state is particularly
advantageous, in part because here too one can induce pairing via an $s$-wave
superconductor.  Another virtue is that the instabilities leading to the
zero-modes occur at weak coupling for a range of realistic parameters.  We
expound on this important technical point in the Supplementary Information,
which explores the $\nu = 2/3$ case in greater detail.

Suppose that we etch a trench into a quantum Hall system and then fill the
void with a superconductor as shown in Fig.~\ref{FigAndreev}(b).  Provided
the trench width does not exceed the superconductor's coherence length, the
proximity effect can then gap out the adjacent edge modes through Cooper
pairing.  As noted earlier one thereby creates zero-modes at the ends of the
trench that encode a ground-state degeneracy for the intervening
pairing-gapped region.    We will now explore transport resulting when the
gapless chiral charge mode impinging on the trench hybridizes with one of
these zero-modes.

The key physical mechanism is that at low energies the gapped trench imposes
certain boundary conditions that relate incoming and outgoing quasiparticles
from the adjacent gapless edge.  Consider first the limit in which the
gapless edge state completely decouples from the superconducting trench.
Concretely, one could envision adding near the boundary a small
tunneling-gapped region as in Fig.~\ref{FigZeroModes}(b) to block coupling to
the zero-mode.  In this case incoming quasiparticles continue along the edge
uninterrupted by the trench, and the action governing the charge mode of
interest is simply that of an unperturbed edge \cite{WenBook}:
\begin{equation}
  S_{\mathrm{charge}}=\frac{-1}{4\pi\nu}\int\!\mathrm{d}x\,\mathrm{d}t\, \partial_x\phi
  \left(\partial_t+v\partial_x\right)\phi,
  \label{Lcharge}
\end{equation}
with $\phi$ a field that determines the total edge charge density through
$\rho = e\partial_x \phi/(2\pi)$.  Commutation relations implicit in the
action imply that $e^{i\phi}$ is an operator that adds charge $e^* = \nu e$.
Throughout we assume that this charge mode decouples from all neutral
modes---should any exist.  Equation~(\ref{Lcharge}) describes a fixed point
for the edge at which particles undergo `perfect normal transmission' upon
hitting the trench.

Next we incorporate weak coupling to the zero-mode nearest to the edge, which
allows charge $e^*$ to pass between the gapless edge and the pairing-gapped
region.  Such processes perturb the above fixed-point action with a term
\begin{equation}
  \delta S_{\rm zero-mode} = \Gamma\int \mathrm{d}t\left[e^{i\Phi}
  e^{-i\phi(x = x_0,t)} + \text{H.c.}\right],
  \label{deltaL}
\end{equation}
where $x_0$ is the position where the trench and gapless charge mode
intersect, $\Gamma$ denotes the bare coupling strength, and $e^{i\Phi}$ is an
operator that cycles the charge on the pairing-gapped region of the trench by
$e^*$ (mod $2e$).   Under renormalization $\Gamma$ flows according to
$\partial_\ell \Gamma = (\Delta - 1)\Gamma$, where $\ell$ is a logarithmic
rescaling factor and $\Delta = \nu/2$ is the scaling dimension of the
tunneling operator in Eq.\ (\ref{deltaL}).  For $\nu < 2$---to which we
specialize hereafter---hybridization with the zero-mode thus constitutes a
relevant perturbation that destabilizes the perfect normal transmission fixed
point.

The system then flows to a different fixed point at which coupling to the
zero-mode imposes nontrivial boundary conditions on the gapless charge mode
at $x = x_0$.  This boundary condition can be expressed as
\begin{equation}
  \phi_\mathrm{out}=2\Phi-\phi_\mathrm{in}
  \label{Eqboundary}
\end{equation}
with $\phi_{\rm out/in} \equiv \phi(x = x_0 \pm 0^+)$ denoting gapless
charge-sector fields evaluated just above and below the trench. Equation
(\ref{Eqboundary}) causes incoming charge-$e^*$ quasiparticles ($e^{i\phi}$)
\emph{added relative to the superconductor's potential} to continue as
outgoing $-e^*$ quasiholes ($e^{-i\phi}$), with the pairing-gapped trench
absorbing the deficit charge $2e^*$ ($e^{2i\Phi}$).  This is precisely the
Andreev conversion process described earlier. There is, however, a competing
effect, whereby electrons tunnel directly past the trench.  We now address
the relevance of these processes at the `perfect Andreev conversion' fixed
point defined by the boundary condition in Eq.\ (\ref{Eqboundary}).

Any perturbation that tunnels an electron \emph{past} the trench takes the form
\begin{eqnarray}
  \delta S_{\rm tunneling} &=& \lambda\int \mathrm{d}t
  \left[e^{i\phi_\mathrm{in}/\nu-i\phi_\mathrm{out}/\nu}\mathcal{O}_n+\text{H.c.}\right]
  \nonumber \\
  &\rightarrow & \lambda\int \mathrm{d}t
  \left[e^{2i(\phi_\mathrm{in}-\Phi)/\nu}\mathcal{O}_n+\text{H.c.}\right],
  \label{Stunneling}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\lambda$ is the coupling strength and $\mathcal{O}_n$ contains
possible neutral parts of the electron tunneling operator (\emph{e.g.},
operators that transfer spin).  In the second line we used Eq.\
(\ref{Eqboundary}) to eliminate $\phi_{\rm out}$. The scaling dimension of
the above electron tunneling term reads $\Delta_e=(2/\nu)+\Delta_{n}$, with
$\Delta_{n}$ the scaling dimension of $\mathcal{O}_n$.  Consequently, any
operator that transfers electron charge across the trench has
$\Delta_e>2/\nu$ and is hence irrelevant for $\nu<2$---implying stability of
the perfect Andreev conversion fixed point in the regime of interest
\footnote{Actually, the neutral sector exhibits trivial boundary conditions
at the trench which allows one to eliminate $\mathcal{O}_n$ as well in Eq.\
(\ref{Stunneling}).  Hence $\Delta_n = 0$, implying instability of the
Andreev fixed point when $\nu >2$ (where the normal fixed point is stable).}.
Numerous interesting consequences for transport follow from this general
result.

\textbf{\emph{Doubled Hall voltage.}}\ Consider again the setup of
Fig.~\ref{FigAndreev}(b), where a normal electrode at potential $V$ injects
charge along the lower quantum Hall edge towards a grounded superconducting
trench. We temporarily assume negligible contact resistances; the lower edge
is then also at potential $V$.  For `small' $V$ (quantified below), injected
charge undergoes perfect Andreev conversion at the trench.  Thus the
conductance $G$ \emph{doubles} compared to a standard two-terminal
measurement---\emph{i.e.}, $G = 2 \sigma_\text{H}$, where $\sigma_\text{H} =
\nu e^2/h$ is the Hall conductance.  For $\nu = 1$ the physics essentially
maps to the 1D topological superconductor case described earlier, modulo the
spatial separation of incoming and outgoing modes.

The potential on the upper quantum Hall edge, where the outgoing
Andreev-converted carriers flow, follows from current conservation.  More
precisely, since the same current $I = G V$ passing through the
superconductor traverses the quantum Hall fluid, the current must
additionally satisfy $I = \sigma_\text{H} V_H$ ($V_H$ is the Hall voltage).
Consistency requires that the Hall voltage, like the conductance, is also
doubled compared to the case where both source and drain are normal
electrodes.  That is, the potential on the upper edge is $-V$, opposite that
of the lower edge.  This implies that \emph{the Andreev-converted carriers do
not equilibrate with the superconductor}; rather equilibration occurs at the
normal electrode in Fig.~\ref{FigAndreev}(b).

Consider next the more general situation where the potential for the
superconductor is $V_\text{SC}$ and that of the incoming/outgoing quantum
Hall edges is $V_{{\rm in/out}}$.  Due to the doubled conductance the current
flowing out of the superconductor is $I =
2\sigma_\text{H}(V_{\mathrm{in}}-V_\text{SC})$, while the (same) current
crossing the Hall fluid obeys $I = \sigma_\text{H}(V_{\rm in}-V_{\rm out})$.
It follows that
\begin{equation}\label{eqV}
V_{\mathrm{out}}=2V_\text{SC}-V_{\mathrm{in}},
\end{equation}
which we will frequently employ in the forthcoming discussion.  These results
apply when temperature and the superconductor/quantum Hall voltage
differences are $(i)$ small compared to the zero-mode hybridization energy
$\Gamma$ [recall Eq.\ (\ref{deltaL})] and $(ii)$ sufficiently small that the
irrelevant electron tunneling terms [Eq.\ (\ref{Stunneling})] remain
inoperative; this is the regime where perfect Andreev conversion holds.  Note
also that imperfect superconducting contact will decrease the voltage drop
compared to Eq.\ (\ref{eqV}).  In general,
$V_{\mathrm{out}}=V_{\mathrm{in}}+\eta(V_\text{SC}-V_{\mathrm{in}})$,
where the quality factor $\eta$ ranges between 0 (no contact) and 2 (ideal
superconducting contact).  We stress that if both electrodes were normal,
$\eta$ could never exceed $1$.  Unless otherwise stated, we will assume ideal
superconducting contacts in the devices described below to emphasize their
unusual behavior.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width = \columnwidth]{TransistorFig}
\caption{(a) Quantum Hall fluid with four pairing-gapped trenches generated by
equipotential superconductors.
If each superconductor induces perfect Andreev conversion, the same current
$I$ must flow through all four superconductors, with relative orientation
indicated by the large arrows.  (b) If an odd number of equipotential
superconductors enter the quantum Hall fluid, the system can no longer carry
dc current, as the charge added to the superconductors due to Andreev conversion
time-averages to zero.  }
\label{Fig0Transformer}
\end{figure}

\textbf{\emph{Transistor for fractional charge.}}~Figure~\ref{Fig0Transformer}
illustrates a simple example of non-local effects resulting when multiple
superconducting trenches appear in the quantum Hall system.  Here, all
superconductors are set to the same potential. Unlike in the Josephson effect,
their relative phases are inconsequential -- we assume that any notion of phase
coherence is lost along the edges connecting the leads. The charge, however, is
conserved in such transport and, as a consequence, in
Fig.~\ref{Fig0Transformer}(a)---where the number of superconductors is
even---current can only flow from one superconductor to another if it flows in
all four simultaneously, with relative orientations specified in the figure.
Sending current from the left to bottom superconductors, for instance,
necessarily yields the same current flow from right to top, a behavior
reminiscent of the non-local transport mediated by excitons in bilayer quantum
Hall systems~\cite{Finck2011}. The restricted current arises because $(i)$
quasiparticles undergo perfect Andreev conversion at each trench and $(ii)$ a
given superconductor receives the \emph{same} charge under subsequent `round
trips' along the edge. By contrast, with an odd number of equipotential
superconductors, as in Fig.~\ref{Fig0Transformer}(b), (direct) current can
simply not flow.  This becomes evident upon tracing the path of a single
quasiparticle around the edge.  On the first round trip, the quasiparticle
deposits charge on each superconductor due to Andreev conversion, but on the
next pass \emph{removes} these same charges because the number of
superconductors is odd. Figure~\ref{Fig0Transformer} illustrates the relevant
quasiparticle processes in both cases.  One can utilize this even/odd effect to
create a transistor for fractional charge by using gates to controllably
isolate one of the superconductors from the rest of the system.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width = \columnwidth]{MirrorFig}
\caption{(a) Current/voltage mirror and (b) current/voltage swap circuit
elements generated from perfect Andreev conversion.}
\label{FigMirror}
\end{figure}

\textbf{\emph{Voltage/Current Mirror.}}\ Suppose we have a device with four
superconducting trenches [as in Fig.~\ref{Fig0Transformer}(a)] but now allow
their potentials to vary.  The constraints imposed by Eq.~(\ref{eqV}),
together with the doubled conductance relating voltage to current, leave the
system with only three remaining degrees of freedom.
The first corresponds to current flow in the pattern shown by
Fig.~\ref{Fig0Transformer}(a). A second degree of freedom appears in
Fig.~\ref{FigMirror}(a), where we ground the upper and lower superconductors
while raising the voltage of the left superconductor (the control). The
voltage of the remaining superconductor (the output) necessarily goes down,
mirroring the change.  As in Fig.~\ref{Fig0Transformer}(a), the current
carried away by the output is opposite that flowing into the control; excess
current flows to ground via the top and bottom superconductors. We are left,
then, with a device that \emph{reverses} both the voltage and the current
flow from input to output. One can access the final degree of freedom by
changing the relative voltage of the two grounded superconductors. The
response to such a change may be interpreted as a superposition of
Fig.~\ref{FigMirror}(a) with the same setup rotated by $90^\circ$.

\textbf{\emph{Voltage/Current Swap.}}\ In a system with three ideal
equipotential superconducting trenches, we have already shown that no current
can flow [recall Fig.~\ref{Fig0Transformer}(b)]. However, suppose that---as
in Fig.\ \ref{FigMirror}(b)---we ground only the top superconductor and set
the current and voltage on the bottom (control) superconductor.  The third
superconductor functions as the output. In this case the constraints of
Eq.~(\ref{eqV}) lead to the unusual result that the two independent
information channels (for a superconductor), current and voltage, are swapped
at the output relative to the input.  For instance, if the current flowing
into the control terminal is $I_{\rm in}$ then the voltage at the output is
$I_{\rm in}/(2\sigma_\text{H})$; likewise, if the control terminal voltage is
$V$, the output current is $I_{\rm out} = 2\sigma_\text{H} V$.  (Excess
current again flows to ground.)

\textbf{\emph{Superconducting Flux-based Capacitor.}}\  Consider next
Fig.~\ref{FigMirror}(b) in the limit where the right superconductor is also
held to ground.  In this case the input current $I_{\rm in}$ must clearly
vanish. Nevertheless, the voltage $V$ on the bottom control superconductor
induces a current $2\sigma_\text{H} V$ flowing from the top to the right
superconducting contacts, \emph{even though the latter remain at the same
potential}.  Note that this is consistent with Fig.~\ref{Fig0Transformer}(b)
since in the limit $V = 0$ all currents vanish.  This effect persists for
larger odd numbers of superconductors as well, in which case current of
magnitude $2\sigma_\text{H} V$ flows in all grounded terminals, with a sign
alternating from lead to lead.

\begin{figure}
\includegraphics[width = 3in]{FluxCapacitorFig}
\caption{A voltage $V$ applied to the normal electrode on the left generates
current in the superconducting loop on the right.  The induced flux is
proportional to $V$---hence the circuit acts as a `flux capacitor'.
Unlike a standard inductor current need not flow through the battery.  }
\label{FigFluxCapacitor}
\end{figure}

Finally, let us examine the circuit in Fig.~\ref{FigFluxCapacitor}, where we
use analogous physics to create a `flux capacitor' in which a voltage stores
magnetic flux. Here a pair of superconducting trenches connect into a loop on
the right side, while a normal electrode on the left is held at potential $V$
relative to the superconductors by a battery.  Once again using
Eq.~(\ref{eqV}) to determine the voltages along the circuit, we find that
current $I = 2\sigma_\text{H} V$ flows around the superconducting loop,
generating flux $\Phi \equiv C_\Phi V$.  The `flux capacitance' $C_\Phi$ is
determined by the loop's inductance.  We emphasize that unlike an ordinary
inductor, no current flows through the power source or resistor at steady
state in the ideal $\eta=2$ device. Rather, the applied voltage merely sets
the level of circulating current in the superconducting loop.

\textbf{\emph{Discussion.}}\ It is worth reiterating that the non-local
transport anomalies in the devices proposed above originate from zero-modes
bound to non-Abelian defects induced by the superconductors. Characterization
of these circuit elements is therefore a natural first step in the pursuit of
topological quantum computation with such systems
\cite{Clarke2013a,Lindner2012,Cheng2012,Mong2013}.  Another tantalizing
application is the construction of low-power logical circuits.  These circuits
would have an advantage in the control of low-temperature quantum information
devices, as they would coexist within the same low-temperature environment.
Depending on the implementation, it may also be possible to produce such
logical circuits `on-chip' with quantum information implementations already
based on 2D-electron gas and/or superconducting elements.  These applications
likely extend to alternative setups as well. The topological-insulator-based
interferometers proposed in Refs.~\cite{Fu2009b,Akhmerov2009a} yield a related
mechanism for perfect Andreev conversion, and thus should also form the
backbone of nontrivial circuit elements.  Quantum Hall bilayers (\emph{without}
superconductivity) provide another promising venue.  Novel dc transformers were
proposed                   in this context a decade ago~\cite{Halperin2003},
and given that a bilayer variant of Andreev conversion is already theoretically
established \cite{Barkeshli2013b} other interesting elements are likely also
possible.

\textbf{\emph{Acknowledgements.}}\  We are indebted to J.~P.~Eisenstein,
M.~P.~A.~Fisher, C.~Nayak and A.~Stern for numerous enlightening discussions.
We also acknowledge funding from the NSF through grants DMR-1341822 (D.~J.~C.\
\& J.~A.) and DMR-0748925 (K.~S.); the Alfred P.~Sloan Foundation (J.~A.); the
DARPA QuEST program (K.~S.); and the Caltech Institute for Quantum Information
and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and
Betty Moore Foundation.

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\section{Supplementary Information}
\label{sec:supp}
In this section we characterize the instabilities leading to parafermionic
zero-modes in a spin-unpolarized $\nu = 2/3$ quantum Hall system, which for
reasons elucidated below is a particularly promising platform for the
transport anomalies described in the main text.  To begin we summarize the
edge theory for this quantum Hall state using $K$-matrix
formalism~\cite{Wen1992a}. The edge modes of the unpolarized $2/3$ state are
described by two bosonic fields $\phi_{\uparrow,\downarrow}$ and an
associated $K$-matrix $\mathbf{K}=\begin{pmatrix} 1 & 2\\ 2 & 1
\end{pmatrix}$ and charge vector $\mathbf{q}=\begin{pmatrix}
1\\1\end{pmatrix}$. In this description, the edge electron density is given
by $({1}/{2\pi})\,\mathbf{q}^\intercal \partial_x\boldsymbol{\phi}$ and the
filling fraction reads {$\nu=\mathbf{q}^\intercal \mathbf{K}^{-1}
\mathbf{q}=2/3$}.  A trench etched in the quantum Hall liquid brings two
counterpropagating sets of such modes into close proximity with one another.
Disregarding tunneling and pairing terms for the moment, the Lagrangian
density for the edge modes opposite the trench is
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}_0= \frac{1}{4\pi}\partial_x\phi_I
\left(\mathcal{K}_{IJ}\partial_{t}\phi_J-V_{IJ}\partial_x\phi_J\right),
\label{L0}
\end{equation}
where we have four bosonic fields $\phi_I$, two for each side of the trench.
The extended $K$-matrix for this doubled system is
$\boldsymbol{\mathcal{K}}=\begin{pmatrix} \mathbf{K} & 0\\ 0&
-\mathbf{K}\end{pmatrix}$, while the matrix $\mathbf{V}$ captures the
density-density interactions both within each edge and across the trench.

For simplicity, we assume the two edges are symmetric and that the
interactions are invariant under SU(2) spin rotations.  (Note that an
equivalent SU(2) symmetry \emph{emerges} due to disorder in the polarized
$\nu = 2/3$ state~\cite{Kane1994b}; here, however, the SU(2) symmetry is
manifestly that of spin.)  This gives us the generic for m
\begin{equation}\label{Vdef}
\mathbf{V}=\begin{pmatrix} v_1 & v_2 & v_3 & v_4\\ v_2 & v_1 & v_4 & v_3\\
v_3 & v_4 & v_1 & v_2\\ v_4 & v_3 & v_2 & v_1\end{pmatrix}.
\end{equation}
Of course the SU(2) spin symmetry is not guaranteed microscopically.  In
particular, this symmetry is broken by a Zeeman field, which takes the form
$H_\text{Zeeman}=({h}/{2\pi})
\mathbf{n}_\text{t}^\intercal\partial_x\boldsymbol{\phi}$, with
$\mathbf{n}_\text{t}^\intercal=(1,-1,1,-1)$. This term has scaling dimension
1, but can be absorbed into $\mathcal{L}_0$ via a redefinition
$\boldsymbol{\phi}\rightarrow\boldsymbol{\phi}-hx\mathbf{V}^{-1}
\mathbf{n}_\text{t}$. However, this absorbtion will cause other terms
involving $\exp{(i \mathbf{n}_\text{t}^\intercal \boldsymbol{\phi})}$ to
oscillate on the length scale $\pi(v_1-v_2+v_3-v_4)/2h$.

Next we classify perturbations to Eq.\ (S\ref{L0}) that can generate
instabilities.  There are six types of gap-opening perturbations that are
marginal when $h=0$ and density--density interactions between the two edges
are absent, \emph{i.e.} $v_3=v_4=0$. Charge hopping and pairing terms each
come in two varieties due to spin degeneracy. We can divide these into
perturbations that form either spin singlets or spin triplets across the
trench. In addition, there are marginal perturbations that do not transfer
charge but involve singlet or triplet spin correlations across the trench.
These perturbations are listed in Table~\ref{table1}, along with their
scaling dimensions (expressed in terms of parameters $u$ and $v$ defined in
the caption).

\begin{table}[htbp]
\begin{tabularx}{\columnwidth}{|l|l|X|}
\hline
Process&Operators&Scaling Dimension\\
\hline
singlet hopping
& $e^{\pm\frac{1}{2}\mathbf{c}_\text{h}^\intercal\boldsymbol{\mathcal{K}}\boldsymbol{\phi}}
e^{\pm\frac{1}{2}\mathbf{n}_\text{s}^\intercal\boldsymbol{\mathcal{K}}\boldsymbol{\phi}}$
& $\frac{1}{2}e^{2u}+\frac{3}{2}e^{2v}$
\\
triplet hopping
& $e^{\pm\frac{1}{2}\mathbf{c}_\text{h}^\intercal\boldsymbol{\mathcal{K}}\boldsymbol{\phi}}
e^{\pm\frac{1}{2}\mathbf{n}_\text{t}^\intercal\boldsymbol{\mathcal{K}}\boldsymbol{\phi}}$
& $\frac{1}{2}e^{-2u}+\frac{3}{2}e^{2v}$
\\
singlet pairing
&$e^{\pm\frac{1}{2}\mathbf{c}_\text{p}^\intercal\boldsymbol{\mathcal{K}}\boldsymbol{\phi}}
e^{\pm\frac{1}{2}\mathbf{n}_\text{s}^\intercal\boldsymbol{\mathcal{K}}\boldsymbol{\phi}}$
& $\frac{1}{2}e^{2u}+\frac{3}{2}e^{-2v}$
\\
triplet pairing
&$e^{\pm\frac{1}{2}\mathbf{c}_\text{p}^\intercal\boldsymbol{\mathcal{K}}\boldsymbol{\phi}}
e^{\pm\frac{1}{2}\mathbf{n}_\text{t}^\intercal\boldsymbol{\mathcal{K}}\boldsymbol{\phi}}$
& $\frac{1}{2}e^{-2u}+\frac{3}{2}e^{-2v}$\\
neutral singlet&$e^{\pm \mathbf{n}_\text{s}^\intercal\boldsymbol{\mathcal{K}}
\boldsymbol{\phi}}$&$2e^{2u}$\\
neutral triplet&$e^{\pm \mathbf{n}_\text{t}^\intercal\boldsymbol{\mathcal{K}}
\boldsymbol{\phi}}$&$2e^{-2u}$\\
\hline
\end{tabularx}
\caption{The six types of gap-opening perturbations that are marginal when
$h = v_3=v_4=0$. There are two representatives of each neutral type and four of
each charged type.  Here ${\mathbf{c}_\text{h}^\intercal=(1,1,-1,-1)}$,
$\mathbf{c}_\text{p}^\intercal=(1,1,1,1)$, $\mathbf{n}_\text{s}^\intercal=(1,-1,-1,1)$,
and $\mathbf{n}_\text{t}^\intercal=(1,-1,1,-1)$. The important parameters $u$ and $v$
are defined as
$\tanh{2u}=-\frac{(v_3-v_4)}{v_1-v_2}$ and $\tanh{2v}=-\frac{(v_3+v_4)}{v_1+v_2}$.}
\label{table1}
\end{table}

We now focus our attention on a system in which an ordinary $s$-wave
superconductor couples to the trench, and therefore proximity-induces singlet
pairing. Likewise, we will assume that electron hopping across the trench
acts merely to restore the original quantum Hall state, rather than
introducing additional spin flips. We therefore choose parameters such that
singlet pairing, singlet hopping, and neutral singlet coupling are the
dominant perturbations. Note that these terms are unaffected by the Zeeman
field, while the triplet terms will have oscillating coefficients. Using
Table~\ref{table1}, we can find a region of parameter space for which all
three singlet terms are \emph{simultaneously} relevant by simply setting
$u<0$, $v\approx0$. This is reasonable as a physical regime, given that we
must have $\abs{v_1}>\abs{v_2}$ for stability of the individual edges and
repulsive interactions will generically give $v_2>0$, since $v_2$ is the
density-density interaction between charges on the same edge. Likewise $v_3$
represents repulsion between charges of the same spin on opposite edges, and
$v_4$ encodes repulsion between charges of opposite spins on opposite edges.
It is not unreasonable to expect $v_3>v_4$, and thus $u<0$. We shall work in
this parameter regime for the remainder of this analysis.

The fact that singlet pairing and direct tunneling across the trench can
become simultaneously relevant for the same set of (reasonable) parameters is
a great virtue of the unpolarized $\nu = 2/3$ state.  That is, the
superconductor can induce a gap along the trench \emph{under the same
conditions in which the $2/3$ state itself would also reform}. This feature
is difficult to achieve in other Abelian quantum Hall states.  [Consider,
\emph{e.g.}, the $\nu=2/5$ state with the same interaction matrix in
Eq.~(S\ref{Vdef}).  Here the scaling dimensions for the superconducting and
tunneling perturbations respectively read
$\Delta_S=\frac{1}{2}e^{2u}+\frac{5}{2}e^{2v}$ and
$\Delta_T=\frac{1}{2}e^{2u}+\frac{5}{2}e^{-2v}$. These two terms cannot both
be made relevant (\emph{i.e.} $\Delta_{S,T}<2$) for the same values of $u$
and $v$.]

Crucially, although both singlet pairing and hopping terms are relevant at
$\nu = 2/3$, the gaps favored by these two processes are incompatible with
one another.  Rather, in any given region of the trench either the pairing
\emph{or} the hopping mechanism must win out in order for a gap to open.
This is because the (charge-sector) fields that these two types of coupling
try to pin are dual to one another. If one of them is pinned, the other must
fluctuate. For $\nu=2/3$, though, there is no such issue in the neutral
sector---\emph{i.e.}, all three singlet terms in Table \ref{table1} favor
gapping the neutral fields in compatible ways. The neutral sector thus gaps
out trivially, independent of which mechanism wins out.

As is the case when there is only one type of (fractional) edge mode, the
boundary between a region of the trench gapped by pairing and one gapped by
direct hopping supports a parafermionic zero-energy
mode~\cite{Clarke2013a,Lindner2012,Cheng2012}. In this case, the zero mode
has a $\mathbb{Z}_3$ character.  The main text describes a number of
nontrivial consequences for transport when these (and other types of zero
modes) are probed with quantum Hall edges.  As an aside, we also comment that
the unpolarized $2/3$ case may be of particular interest for more traditional
topological quantum information applications because of the complete gapping
of the neutral sector. This gap partially inoculates the zero modes here
against noise.  In particular, stray electrons \emph{cannot} directly affect
the state of quantum information encoded in these zero modes, because they
possess neither the correct charge ($2e/3$, $4e/3$, or $0 \mod 2e$) nor spin
(always 0) to do so.

\putbib
\end{bibunit}
\end{document}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Welcome to Sreejith's Homepage
Sivaramapanicker
Sreejith
Sreejith received his PhD degree in Chemistry from the CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology (CSIR-NIIST), INDIA in 2010. Subsequently, he became an Alexander von Humboldt Fellow (2010 – 2011) at Humboldt University, Germany. He then moved to Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (2011-2017). In 2017, he joined as a Senior Research Fellow at the Center for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore and currently he continues as a senior researcher (2018 to 2019) at the Institute for Health Innovation & Technology (formerly BIGHEART), National University of Singapore, Singapore. His research interest includes the chemistry of organic functional materials, hybrids and nanocomposites with a focus on their study in biological, catalytic, microfluidics, sensors and energy related applications.
Selected Top Publications
Tweets by @sivasreejith
1. Nanomechanical Microfluidic Mixing and Rapid Labeling of Silica Nanopartciles using Allenamide-Thiol Covalent Linkage for Bioimaging
S. Sreejith et. al.,
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (Impact factor 8.45). 2019, 11, 4867-4875
2. Biosensing with the Singular Phase of an Ultrathin Metal Dielectric Nanophotonic Cavity
K. V. Sreekanth, S. Sreejith et. al.,
Nature Communications (Impact factor 11.87). 2018, 9, 369.
3. Near-Infrared Squaraine Dye Encapsulated Micelles for In Vivo Fluorescence and Photoacoustic Bimodal Imaging
ACS Nano (Impact factor 13.9). 2015, 9, 5695-5704.
4. Three-Photon Excited Luminescence from Unsymmetrical Cyanostilbene Aggregates: Morphology Tuning and Targeted Bioimaging
A. K. Mandal#, S. Sreejith# et. al., (#Equally contributed)
5. Upconversion Nanoparticles as a Contrast Agent for Photoacoustic Imaging in Live Mice
S. K. Maji#, S. Sreejith# et. al., #Equally contributed)
Advanced Materials (Impact factor 25.8). 2014, 28, 10637-10643.
6. Self-assembled Near-infrared Dye Nanoparticles as a Selective Protein Sensor by Activation of a Dormant Fluorophore
P. Anees, S. Sreejith , A. Ajayaghosh
J. Am. Chem. Soc. (Impact factor 14.69) 2014, 136, 13233-13239.
7. Graphene Oxide Wrapping on Squaraine Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Bioimaging
J. Am. Chem. Soc. (Impact factor 14.69). 2012, 134, 17346-17349.
8. A Near-infrared Squaraine Dye as Latent Ratiometric FLuorophore for the Detection of Aminothiol Content in Blood Plasma
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. (Impact factor 12.25). 2008, 47, 7883-7887.
www.sreejith-chem.org


text:
Digitization of modern Japanese political documents : characteristics of personal papers (2019)
Suzuki, Hiromune
The National Diet Library is implementing a plan formulated in 2017 to digitize personal papers from its collection of modern Japanese political documents. We will report on this plan as well as the significance of systematic digitization.
We will present examples of the types and characteristics of documents found in personal papers that have recently been added to the National Diet Library Digital Collection.
Read more about Digitization of modern Japanese political documents : characteristics of personal papers (2019)
Can small resources make big impact? (2019)
Stojanović, Andrijana
This presentation will be a case study (example of University library "Nikola Tesla" from Niš, Serbia) of how even limited resources can make a major impact on local community. The study will include the description of how the library managed to market its limited Japanese resources and sparkle interest in academics and general population alike, by partnering with a local NGO to organize a Japanese-themed yearly festival called "JapanNiš". We will present experiences and lessons learned from five consecutive years of organizing the festival. The idea is to make the audience rethink the notion that a library or a resource center needs to be huge in order to attract the audiences, and also to share ideas for future actions and possible collaborations.
Read more about Can small resources make big impact? (2019)
Searching for Isaac Titsing's legacy: Japanese early modern books in P. Schilling collection (2019)
Shchepkin, Vasilii
Isaac Titsingh (1745-1812) was undoubtedly the most energetic and aspiring person among all heads of Dutch East-India Company trade factory in Nagasaki. His endeavor to compile a compendium on Japan made him an outstanding collector of Japanese books, which spread among institutions and individuals in Europe after his death. Paul Schilling (1786-1837) was on a par with Titsingh in energy and ambition. Employed mainly in diplomatic service, he was famed for his inventions in electro-magnetic engineering, including demolitions, communications and lithographing, but of the greatest interest for him was cryptography, which made him an enthusiast in Asian languages and scripts. While in Europe he collected a huge collection of books on Asian languages, including Japanese, and later donated them to the Asiatic Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. His autographic list of Japanese books and maps contains 32 items, and 12 of them are marked as being brought from Japan by Titsingh.
Read more about Searching for Isaac Titsing's legacy: Japanese early modern books in P. Schilling collection (2019)
Basic information for temporal data of Japanese calendar (2019)
Sekino, Tatsuki
The resources for Japanese studies often contain temporal information according to the Japanese calendar. The temporal data in catalogs and documents are usually converted into Gregorian calendar, as most computer systems do not accept Japanese calendar dates. However, periods of years and months prior to 1873 (i.e., when the Japanese calendar was lunisolar), are different for Japanese and Gregorian calendars. This may, therefore, cause problems in retrievals and analyses. Moreover, calendar conversion is not easy as Japanese calendar dates are represented using Chinese letters and the Stems-and-Branches.
Read more about Basic information for temporal data of Japanese calendar (2019)
Updates on recent activities of the North American Coordinating Council on Japanese Library Resources (2019)
Rocha, Fabiano
On behalf of the North American Coordinating Council on Japanese Library Resources, this presentation will provide updates on new and exciting projects by the NCC, including the Next Generation Librarian Workshop to be held as a pre-conference workshop in Boston (CEAL 2020), Interlibrary Loan and Document Delivery with a focus on the NDL's Toshokan Soshin Service, the Image Use Protocol Working Group's new initiative related to moving images, the newly establish Outreach Working Group, the Multimedia History Project, as well as the new Comprehensive Digitization and Discoverability Grants Program. By introducing these numerous initiatives of the committees and working groups, the NCC hopes to get feedback, exchange ideas, and identify opportunities for collaboration with the EAJRS community.
Read more about Updates on recent activities of the North American Coordinating Council on Japanese Library Resources (2019)
Japanese studies in Bulgaria: rethinking needs, sources, and aims (2019)
Petkova, Gergana
Zhivkova, Stella
Nikolova, Vyara
Ivanova, Tsvetomira
XXIst century has brought much turmoil into the humanities studies. Digitalization of resources, online platforms, virtual classrooms, development of artificial intelligence… The needs of Japanese studies students, as well as the need for and the expectations from japanology scholarship have changed substantially. Social, political and economic themes have moved up the hot-topic list, whereas literature, arts and cultural topics have suffered a certain hint of negligence.
Since its establishment as a regular course some 30 years ago, Japanese studies at Sofia University has maintained a steady line of development, yet the challenges of the 21st century have certainly raised important questions.
How do we evaluate the environment in which Japanese studies develop? How do we define the priorities and the strategies for this development? How do we cope with challenges on financial, political and social level?
Read more about Japanese studies in Bulgaria: rethinking needs, sources, and aims (2019)
Japanese resources in Ukrainian translations: history and current tendencies (2019)
Osadcha Ferreira, Yuliya
Although diplomatic relations between Japan and Ukraine are not 30 years yet, the history of the Japanese literature translations into Ukrainian goes back more than a century. First Ukrainian translations of Japanese poetry and fairy-tales, published in literary or artistic journals, were done from intermediary languages, primary English, German and French. Direct translations from Japanese and Esperanto appeared in the Soviet Union period, and this circumstance greatly influenced the subject matter of the translated texts: it was exceptionally Japanese proletarian writers' novels and short stories. In the early 1930s, almost all orientalists, including few specialists on Japan, were repressed and perished in camps. Until the 1960s, there were no Japanese studies in the Soviet Ukrainian Republic. The ideological situation has improved in the 1970s, and translations have changed significantly in its quantity and quality. The latter resulted as well in a shift from proletarian writers to the pre-modern and modern classical authors. The new epoch of literary translations has started at the beginning of the first decade of the 21st century when Japanese studies' departments were founded in the majority of big universities and research institutes of the country.
Read more about Japanese resources in Ukrainian translations: history and current tendencies (2019)
Manyoshu and Hachidaishu in the Corpus of Historical Japanese ver. 2019.3 (2019)
Ogiso, Toshinobu
The National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics is developing and publishing the "Corpus of Historical Japanese" as basic data for the study of Japanese language history in the digital age. The corpus is updated two times a year, and the latest edition published in March 2019 newly released the corpus of Hachidaishu (eight imperially commissioned anthologies of waka poetry). In this corpus, there are links to the images of the "Shōho hanpon nijuichidaishu" by the National Institute of Japanese Literature and the text of the 'Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei', and users can refer to the original images and annotations.
Read more about Manyoshu and Hachidaishu in the Corpus of Historical Japanese ver. 2019.3 (2019)
Recent trends of digital resources for Japanese studies (2019)
Nagasaki, Kiyonori
In the humanities, the tendency for research resources to be digitized and to be easily shared across borders has become increasingly strong, and while slowing, it's same in Japanese studies. While research resources in paper have been stored on the bookshelf and shared with its loan system, digital research resources have been leveraged wider through more efficient systems in various layers. For example, as IIF (International Image Interoperability Framework) has already adopted not only by the National Diet Library, the National Institute for Japanese Literature, and so on but also by various world cultural institutions like Gallica, we can utilize digitized Japanese resources preserved in the world via the integrated method. As for the text data, TEI (Text Encoding Initiative Guidelines), which has been incubated in the Western humanities, can be adopted for Japanese texts recently by the growing Japanese environment for the TEI.
Read more about Recent trends of digital resources for Japanese studies (2019)
The recent progress in the Database of Pre-modern Japanese Works and the other NIJL' s online services (2019)
Matsubara, Megumi
Kojima, Ayumi
The NIJL-NW Project at the National Institute of Japanese Literature (NIJL) launched the "Database of Pre-modern Japanese Works" in 2017. In cooperation with various domestic and overseas universities and specialized institutions, this database publishes images of pre-modern Japanese works widely.
In this presentation, we will introduce the latest progress in the database, with special attention to our recent collaboration with other institutions and newly-joined collections to our database.
In addition, we will introduce some two from our databases, "Inventory of Early Japanese Books" and "Bibliographic and Image Database of Japanese Modern Times": Both are from the results of the investigating and bibliographic collecting mission called "Research and Collection" that we have been working on since our establishment.
Read more about The recent progress in the Database of Pre-modern Japanese Works and the other NIJL' s online services (2019)


text:
Hanson: Racial issues have put the NFL in deep…
Hanson: Racial issues have put the NFL in deep trouble
NFL owners and head coaches are almost all white. But nearly three-quarters of the players are black.
San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick's decision to kneel for the national anthem brought numerous NFL issues to light. (Bay Area News Group File Photo)
By Victor Davis Hanson |
PUBLISHED: July 16, 2020 at 11:40 a.m. | UPDATED: July 16, 2020 at 12:22 p.m.
The National Football League celebrated its 100th anniversary last year. This should be a time of self-congratulation for the brutal sport, which has no similar counterpart outside the United States.
The NFL's megaprofits dwarf those of other professional sports in the United States. The Super Bowl, not the World Series, is America's national sports event.
The league survived all sorts of crises in the past.
Yet the NFL is in deep trouble like never before.
In 2016, San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick refused to stand for the national anthem. He claimed he was protesting the treatment of African Americans.
Kaepernick was an odd revolutionary. His mother is white, his father is an African American of Ghanaian and Nigerian ancestry, and he was raised by a middle-class white couple.
Kaepernick's rejection of "The Star-Spangled Banner" eventually spread throughout the NFL.
Then game attendance fell. So did television viewership. Apparently, lots of fans had no desire to spend their Sundays watching 20-something multimillionaires lecture them that the American flag was not worth honoring.
In 2018, the league belatedly banned players from kneeling for the national anthem. By then, Kaepernick had left football and become a megaphone for corporate sponsors.
Now the NFL is in the news amid national protests and violence following the killing of George Floyd at the hands of police.
The inspirational song "Lift Every Voice and Sing" — also known as the Black national anthem — will be played before every game of the first week of the season. The league is considering letting players wear protest insignia on their helmets or jerseys. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell apologized to players for not listening to them about racism.
Yet the NFL capitulation poses fundamental problems for the league. It has now essentially greenlighted the sort of activism that in the last few years has been eating away its profits.
Racial issues are often virtue-signaled in the NFL but almost never in an honest way. New Orleans Saints quarterback Drew Brees recently objected to players not honoring the flag. But he quickly caved when a media mob damned him.
NFL owners and head coaches are almost all white. But nearly three-quarters of the players are black. Those who play the game obviously want to see more diversity in coaching and ownership.
In a culture so obsessed with identity politics, is it the players or the owners and coaches (or both) who do not "look like America"?
Given that about 13% of the U.S. population is Black, and given that the Black Lives Matter movement embraces concepts like proportional representation, today's NFL teams hardly qualify as diverse.
Perhaps an NFL compromise could ensure that 30% of coaches and owners are nonwhite, thus reflecting current U.S. demography. But then, in reciprocity, the players would match such mandatory demographic diversity — leading to Native Americans, Latinos, Asians, whites and those of mixed ancestry accounting for 87% of the player population. The NBA might also take note.
This progressive model of proportional representation could also apply to overrepresented white athletes in hockey, tennis, golf and swimming — sports faulted by identity politics groups as being unfairly overrepresented by whites.
Obviously, such racial gerrymandering will not happen because fans value meritocracy over ethnic affiliations.
Or at least they did.
If the multibillion-dollar NFL decides that multimillionaire players have no obligation to stand to honor a collective national anthem, and that there will be separate anthems and politicized uniforms, then millions of Americans will quietly shrug and change the channel.
And that silent protest will make the 2016-17 anthem protest look like child's play.
Victor Davis Hanson is a syndicated columnist. © Distributed by Tribune Content Agency.
Race & Race Relations
Victor Davis Hanson is a syndicated columnist.
Editorial: Nation needs Trump impeachment trial before healing can start
Letters: From loss, opportunity | Climate policy | Attack on democracy | Worth a frame | Glaring dishonesty | Fear for future


text:
Home News Did Babs Die {Aug} Is Barbara Thore Dead or Alive? Explore Info
Did Babs Die {Aug} Is Barbara Thore Dead or Alive? Explore Info
Read the article to the final paragraph and read about Whitney's battle with Babs medical health condition. Also, find out how Babs died..
Are you a big fan of My Big Fat Fabulous Life series that aired on prime-quality video on prime video in Canada in Canada and United States? The main character in the show will be Whitney Way Thore. The show is based on the struggles of Whitney in her daily life. She is a dancer who is overweight.
The show was first introduced in the year 2015. The show is rated 3.4/5 rating IMBD ratings and Google reviews indicate the 78% who watched enjoyed the show. Let's look it up. whether Babs died?
The status of Babs is:
Season 10 began with the health problems faced by family members in the Thore family. Babs Whitney's mother was in a critical state. However, the most recent show was a glimpse of Babs getting a remarkable recovery. She was discharged from hospital and then celebrated their 45th anniversary Glenn! Let's find out what transpired for Babs in the following section.
Health Timeline problems faced by Babs
Since the start in season 10, the My Big Fat Fabulous Life series, it's been revealed that Whitney is in a state of distress in her health, as the health in her extended family gets worse. So, let's see did Babs Thore die? Babs was a normal person as seen in the first episode. Glenn her husband went out to purchase lunch for her. He returned in about an hour. What was the reason for finding that Babs was asleep.
Babs was transported to the hospital which was where the doctors advised them that she suffered a cardiac issue. After further incidents the doctors discover the fact that Hunter, Glenn, and Babs were all positive for covid. Therefore, they all must remain in isolation until they heal. Fortunately, Whitney tested negative. This meant that her was the one member of the family that could get to visit Babs.
Health condition and other information on Did Babs die :
The entire series included her battle with Whitney because she was devastated over medical issues affecting her mom as well as relatives. The situation got worse when her doctors told her that Babs wasn't taking her medication and food. Therefore, they needed to install a feeding tube.
As the story unfolds, the health status of Babs is deteriorating as she suffers from an infection of the urinary tract. The viewers began to be curious when doctors recommended Whitney to be admitted to a palliative-care facility. A palliative care center is recommended for those with serious illness.
Why people wanted to be aware Do Babs die ?
The suspense grows as Whitney declares that the doctors recommended removing the feeding tube used for Babs to ensure that she is starved to death. Whitney was in despair.
As you are aware, when the events that led to negative news about Babs viewers were curious to learn what would happen if Babs ultimately died. Babs suffered a stroke as well as a heart problem, and was found to be positive for covid, and suffers from an urinary infection. For older people such as Babs it's a serious health issue. Fortunately, Babs made a miraculous recovery.
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