text:
US (United States) Code. Title 25. Chapter 11: Citizens Comission on Public Service and Compensation
2 USC CHAPTER 11 - CITIZENS' COMMISSION ON PUBLIC
SERVICE AND COMPENSATION 01/06/03
TITLE 2 - THE CONGRESS
CHAPTER 11 - CITIZENS' COMMISSION ON PUBLIC SERVICE AND
351. Establishment.
352. Membership.
353. Executive Director; additional personnel; detail of personnel
of other agencies.
354. Use of United States mails.
355. Administrative support services.
356. Functions.
356a. Omitted.
357. Report by Commission to President with respect to pay.
358. Recommendations of President with respect to pay.
359. Effective date of recommendations of President.
360. Effect of recommendations on existing law and prior
recommendations.
361. Publication of recommendations.
362. Requirements applicable to recommendations.
363. Additional function.
364. Provision relating to certain other pay adjustments.
This chapter is referred to in section 31 of this title; title 3
section 104; title 5 sections 5312 to 5316; title 26 section 7456;
title 28 sections 5, 44, 135, 252.
2 USC Sec. 351 01/06/03
Sec. 351. Establishment
There is hereby established a commission to be known as the
Citizens' Commission on Public Service and Compensation
(hereinafter referred to as the ''Commission'').
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(a), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
642; Pub. L. 101-194, title VII, Sec. 701(a), Nov. 30, 1989, 103
1989 - Pub. L. 101-194 substituted ''Citizens' Commission on
Public Service and Compensation'' for ''Commission on Executive,
Legislative, and Judicial Salaries''.
Chapter effective Dec. 16, 1967, see section 220(a)(1) of Pub. L.
90-206, set out as a note under section 3110 of Title 5, Government
Organization and Employees.
Sec. 352. Membership
(1) The Commission shall be composed of 11 members, who shall be
appointed from private life as follows:
(A) 2 appointed by the President of the United States;
(B) 1 appointed by the President pro tempore of the Senate,
upon the recommendation of the majority and minority leaders of
the Senate;
(C) 1 appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives;
(D) 2 appointed by the Chief Justice of the United States; and
(E) 5 appointed by the Administrator of General Services in
accordance with paragraph (4).
(2) No person shall serve as a member of the Commission who is -
(A) an officer or employee of the Federal Government;
(B) registered (or required to register) under the Federal
Regulation of Lobbying Act; (FOOTNOTE 1) or
(FOOTNOTE 1) See References in Text note below.
(C) a parent, sibling, spouse, child, or dependent relative, of
anyone under subparagraph (A) or (B).
(3) The persons appointed under subparagraphs (A) through (D) of
paragraph (1) shall be selected without regard to political
affiliation, and should be selected from among persons who have
experience or expertise in such areas as government, personnel
management, or public administration.
(4) The Administrator of General Services shall by regulation
establish procedures under which persons shall be selected for
appointment under paragraph (1)(E). Such procedures -
(A) shall be designed in such a way so as to provide for the
maximum degree of geographic diversity practicable among members
under paragraph (1)(E);
(B) shall include provisions under which those members shall be
chosen by lot from among names randomly selected from voter
registration lists; and
(C) shall otherwise comply with applicable provisions of this
(5) The chairperson shall be designated by the President.
(6) A vacancy in the membership of the Commission shall be filled
in the manner in which the original appointment was made.
(7) Each member of the Commission shall be paid at the rate of
$100 for each day such member is engaged upon the work of the
Commission and shall be allowed travel expenses, including a per
diem allowance, in accordance with section 5703 of title 5, when
engaged in the performance of services for the Commission.
(8)(A) The terms of office of persons first appointed as members
of the Commission shall be for the period of the 1993 fiscal year
of the Federal Government, and shall begin not later than February
(B) After the close of the 1993 fiscal year of the Federal
Government, persons shall be appointed as members of the Commission
with respect to every fourth fiscal year following the 1993 fiscal
year. The terms of office of persons so appointed shall be for the
period of the fiscal year with respect to which the appointment is
made, except that, if any appointment is made after the beginning
and before the close of any such fiscal year, the term of office
based on such appointment shall be for the remainder of such fiscal
(C)(i) Notwithstanding any provision of subparagraph (A) or (B),
members of the Commission may continue to serve after the close of
a fiscal year, if the date designated by the President under
section 357 of this title (relating to the date by which the
Commission is to submit its report to the President) is subsequent
to the close of such fiscal year, and only if or to the extent
necessary to allow the Commission to submit such report.
(ii) Notwithstanding any provision of section 353 of this title,
authority under such section shall remain available, after the
close of a fiscal year, so long as members of the Commission
continue to serve.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(b), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
642; Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 135(a), Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1322;
Pub. L. 101-194, title VII, Sec. 701(b), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat.
1763.)
The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act, referred to in par.
(2)(B), is title III of act Aug. 2, 1946, ch. 753, 60 Stat. 839,
which was classified generally to chapter 8A (Sec. 261 et seq.) of
this title, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 104-65, Sec. 11(a), Dec. 19,
1995, 109 Stat. 701. For complete classification of this Act to the
Code, see Tables.
pars. (1) to (8) for former pars. (1) to (5).
1985 - Par. (3). Pub. L. 99-190 inserted ''and with respect to
fiscal year 1987'' at end of first sentence.
This section is referred to in sections 353, 356 of this title.
Sec. 353. Executive Director; additional personnel; detail of
personnel of other agencies
(1) Without regard to the provisions of title 5 governing
appointments in the competitive service, and the provisions of
chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of such title, relating
to classification and General Schedule pay rates, and on a
temporary basis for periods covering all or part of any fiscal year
referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 352(8) of this
title -
(A) the Commission is authorized to appoint an Executive
Director and fix his basic pay at the rate provided for level V
of the Executive Schedule by section 5316 of title 5; and
(B) with the approval of the Commission, the Executive Director
is authorized to appoint and fix the basic pay (at respective
rates not in excess of the maximum rate of the General Schedule
in section 5332 of title 5) of such additional personnel as may
be necessary to carry out the function of the Commission.
(2) Upon the request of the Commission, the head of any
department, agency, or establishment of any branch of the Federal
Government is authorized to detail, on a reimbursable basis, for
periods covering all or part of any fiscal year referred to in
subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 352(8) of this title, any of
the personnel of such department, agency, or establishment to
assist the Commission in carrying out its function.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(c), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
643; Pub. L. 101-194, title VII, Sec. 701(c), Nov. 30, 1989, 103
The provisions of title 5 governing appointments in the
competitive service, referred to in par. (1), are classified
generally to section 3301 et seq. of Title 5, Government
1989 - Pub. L. 101-194 substituted ''subparagraphs (A) and (B) of
section 352(8) of this title'' for ''section 352(2) and (3) of this
title'' in pars. (1) and (2).
REFERENCES IN OTHER LAWS TO GS-16, 17, OR 18 PAY RATES
References in laws to the rates of pay for GS-16, 17, or 18, or
to maximum rates of pay under the General Schedule, to be
considered references to rates payable under specified sections of
Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, see section 529
(title I, Sec. 101(c)(1)) of Pub. L. 101-509, set out in a note
under section 5376 of Title 5.
This section is referred to in section 352 of this title.
Sec. 354. Use of United States mails
The Commission may use the United States mails in the same manner
and upon the same conditions as other departments and agencies of
the United States.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(d), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
643.)
Sec. 355. Administrative support services
The Administrator of General Services shall provide
administrative support services for the Commission on a
reimbursable basis.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(e), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
Sec. 356. Functions
The Commission shall conduct, in each of the respective fiscal
years referred to in subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 352(8) of
this title, a review of the rates of pay of -
(A) the Vice President of the United States, Senators, Members
of the House of Representatives, the Resident Commissioner from
Puerto Rico, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the
President pro tempore of the Senate, and the majority and
minority leaders of the Senate and the House of Representatives;
(B) offices and positions in the legislative branch referred to
in subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) of section 203 of the
Federal Legislative Salary Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 415; Public Law
88-426);
(C) justices, judges, and other personnel in the judicial
branch referred to in section 403 of the Federal Judicial Salary
Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 434; Public Law 88-426) except bankruptcy
judges, but including the judges of the United States Court of
Federal Claims;
(D) offices and positions under the Executive Schedule in
subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5; and
(E) the Governors of the Board of Governors of the United
States Postal Service appointed under section 202 of title 39.
Such review by the Commission shall be made for the purpose of
determining and providing -
(i) the appropriate pay levels and relationships between and
among the respective offices and positions covered by such
review, and
(ii) the appropriate pay relationships between such offices and
positions and the offices and positions subject to the provisions
of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of title 5,
relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates.
In reviewing the rates of pay of the offices or positions referred
to in subparagraph (D) of this section, the Commission shall
determine and consider the appropriateness of the executive levels
of such offices and positions.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(f), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
643; Pub. L. 91-375, Sec. 6(a), Aug. 12, 1970, 84 Stat. 775; Pub.
L. 94-82, title II, Sec. 206(a), Aug. 9, 1975, 89 Stat. 423; Pub.
L. 95-598, title III, Sec. 301, Nov. 6, 1978, 92 Stat. 2673; Pub.
L. 97-164, title I, Sec. 143, Apr. 2, 1982, 96 Stat. 45; Pub. L.
99-190, Sec. 135(b), Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1322; Pub. L. 100-202,
Sec. 101(a) (title IV, Sec. 408(c)), Dec. 22, 1987, 101 Stat. 1329,
1329-27; Pub. L. 101-194, title VII, Sec. 701(d), Nov. 30, 1989,
103 Stat. 1764; Pub. L. 102-572, title IX, Sec. 902(b)(1), Oct. 29,
1992, 106 Stat. 4516.)
Subsections (a), (b), (c), and (d) of section 203 of the Federal
Legislative Salary Act of 1964 (78 Stat. 415; Public Law 88-426),
referred to in par. (B), are subsecs. (a) to (d) of section 203 of
Pub. L. 88-426, title II, Aug. 14, 1964, 78 Stat. 415. Subsecs. (a)
and (b), which originally related to compensation of the
Comptroller General and Assistant Comptroller General,
respectively, of the United States, were classified to section 42a
of former Title 31, Money and Finance. Subsec. (c), which
originally related to compensation of the General Counsel of the
United States General Accounting Office, the Librarian of Congress,
the Public Printer, and the Architect of the Capitol, was
classified to sections 136a and 1802 of this title, section 51a of
former Title 31, and section 39a of former Title 44, Public
Printing and Documents. Subsec. (d), which originally related to
compensation of the Deputy Librarian of Congress, the Deputy Public
Printer, and the Assistant Architect of the Capitol, was classified
to section 136a-1 of this title, section 166b of former Title 40,
Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and section 39a of former
Title 44. Sections 136a (Librarian of Congress) and 136a-1 (Deputy
Librarian of Congress) of this title were omitted from the Code as
superseded by section 136a-2 of this title. Sections 42a
(Comptroller General and Deputy Comptroller General) and 51a
(General Counsel of General Accounting Office) of former Title 31
were repealed, and restated in sections 703(f) and 731(c) of Title
31, Money and Finance, by Pub. L. 97-258, Sec. 1, 5(b), Sept. 13,
1982, 96 Stat. 889, 897, 1068. Section 166b (Assistant Architect of
the Capitol) of former Title 40 was omitted from the Code as
superseded by section 166b-3a of former Title 40 (now section 1848
of this title) and was repealed by Pub. L. 107-217, Sec. 6(b), Aug.
21, 2002, 116 Stat. 1304. Section 39a (Public Printer and Deputy
Public Printer) of former Title 44 was repealed, and restated in
section 303 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents, by Pub. L.
90-620, Sec. 1, 3, Oct. 22, 1968, 82 Stat. 1239, 1306.
The rates of pay of justices, judges, and other personnel in the
judicial branch, referred to in par. (C), are set out in section
867 of Title 10, Armed Forces; section 7443 of Title 26, Internal
Revenue Code; and sections 5, 44, 135, 173, 213, 252, 603, and 792
of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
1992 - Par. (C). Pub. L. 102-572 substituted ''United States
Court of Federal Claims'' for ''United States Claims Court''.
title''.
1987 - Par. (C). Pub. L. 100-202 substituted ''except bankruptcy
judges, but including'' for ''and magistrates and''.
1985 - Pub. L. 99-190 inserted last sentence relating to review
of rates of pay of offices or positions.
1982 - Par. (C). Pub. L. 97-164 inserted reference to judges of
the United States Claims Court.
1978 - Par. (C). Pub. L. 95-598 struck out reference to section
402(d) and inserted reference to magistrates.
1975 - Par. (A). Pub. L. 94-82 inserted ''the Vice President of
the United States'' before ''Senators'', and ''the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, the President pro tempore of the Senate,
and the majority and minority leaders of the Senate and the House
of Representatives'' after ''Puerto Rico''.
1970 - Par. (E). Pub. L. 91-375 added par. (E).
Amendment by Pub. L. 102-572 effective Oct. 29, 1992, see section
911 of Pub. L. 102-572, set out as a note under section 171 of
Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
Amendment by Pub. L. 100-202 effective Oct. 1, 1988, and any
salary affected by the amendment to be adjusted at beginning of
first applicable pay period commencing on or after such date, see
section 101(a) (title IV, Sec. 408(d)) of Pub. L. 100-202, set out
as a note under section 153 of Title 28, Judiciary and Judicial
Amendment by Pub. L. 97-164 effective Oct. 1, 1982, see section
402 of Pub. L. 97-164, set out as a note under section 171 of Title
28, Judiciary and Judicial Procedure.
402(a) of Pub. L. 95-598, set out as an Effective Date note
preceding section 101 of Title 11, Bankruptcy.
Amendment by Pub. L. 91-375 effective within 1 year after Aug.
12, 1970, on date established therefor by the Board of Governors of
the United States Postal Service and published by it in the Federal
Register, see section 15(a) of Pub. L. 91-375, set out as an
Effective Date note preceding section 101 of Title 39, Postal
EFFECTIVE RATES OF PAY PENDING CHANGES IN RATES PURSUANT TO FEDERAL
SALARY ACT OF 1967
Section 206(b) of Pub. L. 94-82 provided that: ''Until such time
as a change in the rate of pay of the offices referred to in the
amendment made by subsection (a) of this section (amending par. (A)
of this section) occurs under the provisions of the Federal Salary
Act of 1967 (2 U.S.C. 351-361), as amended by subsection (a) of
this section, such rates of pay shall be the rates of pay in effect
immediately prior to the date of enactment of this Act (Aug. 9,
1975), as adjusted under sections 203 and 204 of this title
(amending sections 31, 60a note, 136a and 136a-1 of this title,
section 104 of Title 3, The President, sections 42a and 51a of
former Title 31, Money and Finance, sections 162a and 166b of
former Title 40, Public Buildings, Property, and Works, and section
303 of Title 44, Public Printing and Documents).''
This section is referred to in sections 60a-2a, 357, 358, 362,
363, 364 of this title.
2 USC Sec. 356a 01/06/03
Sec. 356a. Omitted
-COD-
Section, Pub. L. 94-440, title II, Sec. 100, Oct. 1, 1976, 90
Stat. 1446, the Legislative Branch Appropriation Act, 1977, which
provided salary rate limitations for positions or offices referred
to in section 356 of this title, applied to fiscal year 1977 and
was not repeated in subsequent appropriation acts. See decision
B-145492 of the Comptroller General of the United States, dated
Sept. 21, 1976. Pub. L. 94-440, title II, Sec. 100, is set out as a
note under section 5318 of Title 5, Government Organization and
Employees.
Sec. 357. Report by Commission to President with respect to pay
The Commission shall submit to the President a report of the
results of each review conducted by the Commission with respect to
rates of pay for the offices and positions within the purview of
subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of section 356 of this title,
together with its recommendations. Each such report shall be
submitted on such date as the President may designate but not later
than December 15 next following the close of the fiscal year in
which the review is conducted by the Commission.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(g), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
644; Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 135(c), Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1322;
Pub. L. 101-194, title VII, Sec. 701(e), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat.
1989 - Pub. L. 101-194 amended section catchline generally and in
text substituted ''Commission with respect to rates of pay for''
for ''Commission of'' and ''December 15 next following the close of
the fiscal year in which the review is conducted by the
Commission.'' for ''December 15 of the fiscal year in which the
review is conducted by the Commission.''
1985 - Pub. L. 99-190 substituted ''December 15'' for ''January 1
next following the close''.
1985 FISCAL YEAR RECOMMENDATIONS ON PAY RATES OF OFFICES AND
Section 135(g) of Pub. L. 99-190 provided that: ''Notwithstanding
section 225(g) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 357), the Commission on
Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries shall not make
recommendations on the rates of pay of offices and positions within
the purview of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of section
225(f) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 356) in connection with the review of
rates of pay of such offices and positions conducted by the
Commission in fiscal year 1985.''
Sec. 358. Recommendations of President with respect to pay
(1) After considering the report and recommendations of the
Commission submitted under section 357 of this title, the President
shall transmit to Congress his recommendations with respect to the
exact rates of pay, for offices and positions within the purview of
which the President considers to be fair and reasonable in light of
the Commission's report and recommendations, the prevailing market
value of the services rendered in the offices and positions
involved, the overall economic condition of the country, and the
fiscal condition of the Federal Government.
(2) The President shall transmit his recommendations under this
section to Congress on the first Monday after January 3 of the
first calendar year beginning after the date on which the
Commission submits its report and recommendations to the President
under section 357 of this title.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(h), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
644; Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 135(d), Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1322;
Pub. L. 101-194, title VII, Sec. 701(f), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat.
1989 - Pub. L. 101-194 amended section generally. Prior to
amendment, section read as follows: ''The President shall include,
in the budget next transmitted under section 1105(a) of title 31 by
him to the Congress after the date of the submission of the report
and recommendations of the Commission under section 357 of this
title, his recommendations with respect to the exact rates of pay
which he deems advisable, for those offices and positions within
the purview of subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of section 356
of this title.''
1985 - Pub. L. 99-190 inserted reference to section 1105(a) of
title 31, and struck out last sentence defining ''budget''.
COMMISSION'S FIRST REPORT AFTER JULY 30, 1983, TO INCLUDE
RECOMMENDATION FOR APPROPRIATE SALARY FOR MEMBERS OF CONGRESS;
PROHIBITION ON RECEIPT OF HONORARIA
Pub. L. 98-63, title I, Sec. 908(e), July 30, 1983, 97 Stat. 338,
which directed Commission on Executive, Legislative, and Judicial
Salaries to include in first report required to be submitted by it
after July 30, 1983, a recommendation for an appropriate salary for
Members, which recommendation was to assume a prohibition on
receipt of honoraria by Members, was repealed by Pub. L. 102-90,
title I, Sec. 6(c), Aug. 14, 1991, 105 Stat. 451.
COMPENSATION AND EMOLUMENTS OF ATTORNEY GENERAL
Pub. L. 94-2, Feb. 18, 1975, 89 Stat. 4, provided in part that
the compensation and other emoluments attached to the Office of the
Attorney General on and after Feb. 4, 1975, shall be those that on
or after Feb. 18, 1975, attach to offices and positions at level I
of the Executive Schedule (section 5312 of Title 5).
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INCREASES IN EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, AND
JUDICIAL SALARIES
TRANSMITTED TO CONGRESS JAN. 9, 1989
H.DOC. NO. 101-21, CONG. REC., VOL. 135, PT. 1, P. 251, JAN. 19,
Dear Mr. Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:) (FOOTNOTE 1)
As required by section 225 of the Federal Salary Act of 1967,
Public Law 90-206 (2 U.S.C. 351 et seq.), the latest Quadrennial
Commission on Executive, Legislative, and Judicial Salaries
(''Commission'') has submitted to me recommendations on salaries
for Senators, Representatives, Federal judges, Cabinet officers,
and other agency heads, and certain other officials in the
executive, legislative, and judicial branches.
The statute requires that, in the budget next submitted after
receipt of the report of the Commission, I set forth
recommendations for adjustment of these salaries. Pursuant to
section 225(i), as amended by section 135 of Public Law 99-190 (2
U.S.C. 359), these recommendations will be effective unless
Congress disapproves the recommendation by a joint resolution
within 30 days following the transmittal of my budget.
The Commission's report, submitted to me on December 14, 1988,
documented both the substantial erosion in the real level of
Federal executive pay that has occurred since 1969 and the
recruitment and retention problems that have resulted, especially
for the Federal judiciary. The Commission is to be commended for
its diligent and conscientious effort to address the complicated
and complex problems associated with Federal pay levels.
The Commission found that Federal executives and legislators have
experienced a decline of approximately 35 percent in real salaries
since 1969. In contrast, the salaries of General Schedule employees
have declined by only 8 percent over the same period. The
Commission's recommendations go a long way towards compensating for
this salary erosion, but they do not make up the full gap. For
example, for an official at Executive Level II, which is also the
Congressional salary rate, the salary level adjusted for inflation
since 1969 would be $140,340, while the Commission's recommendation
is $135,000.
Every one of the Commissions that has met over the past 20 years
concluded that a pay increase for key Federal officials was
necessary. Each Commission found that pay for senior Government
officials fell far behind that of their counterparts in the private
sector. They also surmised that we cannot afford a Government
composed primarily of those wealthy enough to serve.
In accepting the Commission's salary recommendations, I recognize
that we are under a mandate to reduce the Federal deficit and hold
the costs of Government to an absolute minimum. Thus, while I have
decided to propose a pay increase that accepts in full the salary
recommendations made by the Commissioners in their report to me
last month, this proposal will not increase the deficit; the
funding for the pay increase will be fully absorbed within proposed
budget levels.
This increase fulfills my promise made in January 1987, that,
assuming continued progress toward eliminating the deficit and
favorable economic conditions, I would recommend another step
toward overcoming the erosion of real income.
While this represents a substantial increase in salaries, it is
coupled with the salutary recommendation of a ban on receipt of all
honoraria in all branches of Government. Although my recommendation
concerning honoraria has no legal effect, I urge the swiftest
possible consideration of this important reform. The Commission
further recommended that Congress enact legislation to bar
officials in the three branches from receiving honoraria. I
endorse these recommendations of the Commission as an appropriate
step toward better government. A salary increase and a prohibition
on receipt of honoraria together will help ensure that the
Government is able to attract and keep talented senior officials
and that the questions that arise from outside payments of
honoraria are put to rest.
Accordingly, pursuant to subparagraphs (A), (B), (C), and (D) of
section 225(f) and section 225(h) of Public Law 90-206 (81 Stat.
643 and 644), as amended (2 U.S.C. 356(A)-(D), 358) (this section):
For the Vice President of the United States
For offices and positions under the Executive Schedule in
subchapter II of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code, as
Positions at level I
Positions at level II
Positions at level III
Positions at level IV
Positions at level V
For the Speaker of the House of Representatives
For the President Pro Tempore of the Senate, majority leader and
minority leader of the Senate, and majority leader and minority
leader of the House of Representatives
For Senators, Members of the House of Representatives, Delegates to
the House of Representatives, and the Resident Commissioner from
For other officers and positions in the legislative branch as
Comptroller General of the United States
Deputy Comptroller General of the United States, Librarian of
Congress, and Architect of the Capitol
General Counsel of the General Accounting Office, Deputy Librarian
of Congress, and Assistant Architect of the Capitol
For Justices, judges, and other personnel in the judicial branch as
Chief Justice of the United States
Associate Justices of the Supreme Court
U.S. Courts of Appeals
Court of Military Appeals
U.S. District Courts
Court of International Trade
Tax Court of the United States
U.S. Claims Court
Sincerely, Ronald Reagan.
(FOOTNOTE 1) Editorial note. This is the text of identical
letters addressed to the Speaker of the House of Representatives
and the President of the Senate, which were transmitted on January
9, 1989.
DISAPPROVAL OF SALARY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR 1989 INCREASES
Pub. L. 101-1, Feb. 7, 1989, 102 Stat. 3, provided: ''That the
Congress disapproves in their entirety the recommendations
transmitted to the Congress by the President on January 9, 1989,
under section 225(h) of the Federal Salary Act of 1967.''
PRIOR SALARY RECOMMENDATIONS
A prior recommendation of the President for increases in
executive, legislative, and judicial salaries, which was
transmitted to Congress on Jan. 5, 1987 (52 F.R. 4125; 101 Stat.
1967), was disapproved by Pub. L. 100-6, Sec. 3, Feb. 12, 1987, 101
Stat. 94. However, such recommendation became effective pursuant to
transmitted to Congress on Jan. 7, 1981 (H.Doc. No. 97-6, Cong.
Rec., vol. 127, pt. 1, p. 241, Jan. 9, 1981), was disapproved by
House Resolution No. 109, Ninety-sixth Congress, Mar. 12, 1981,
Senate Resolution No. 89, Ninety-sixth Congress, Mar. 12, 1981,
Senate Resolution No. 91, Ninety-sixth Congress, Mar. 12, 1981, and
Senate Resolution No. 92, Ninety-sixth Congress, Mar. 12, 1981.
executive, legislative, and judicial salaries was transmitted to
Congress on Jan. 17, 1977 (42 F.R. 10297; 91 Stat. 1643).
Congress on Jan. 15, 1969 (34 F.R. 2241; 83 Stat. 863).
This section is referred to in sections 359, 360, 362 of this
Sec. 359. Effective date of recommendations of President
(1) None of the President's recommendations under section 358 of
this title shall take effect unless approved under paragraph (2).
(2)(A) The recommendations of the President under section 358 of
this title shall be considered approved under this paragraph if
there is enacted into law a bill or joint resolution approving such
recommendations in their entirety. This bill or joint resolution
shall be passed by recorded vote to reflect the vote of each Member
of Congress thereon.
(B)(i) The provisions of this subparagraph are enacted by the
Congress -
(I) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate and
the House of Representatives and as such shall be considered as
part of the rules of each House, and shall supersede other rules
only to the extent that they are inconsistent therewith; and
(II) with full recognition of the constitutional right of
either House to change the rules (so far as they relate to the
procedures of that House) at any time, in the same manner, and to
the same extent as in the case of any other rule of that House.
(ii) During the 60-calendar-day period beginning on the date that
the President transmits his recommendations to the Congress under
section 358 of this title, it shall be in order as a matter of
highest privilege in each House of Congress to consider a bill or
joint resolution, if offered by the majority leader of such House
(or a designee), approving such recommendations in their entirety.
(3) Except as provided in paragraph (4), any recommended pay
adjustment approved under paragraph (2) shall take effect as of the
date proposed by the President under section 358 of this title with
respect to such adjustment.
(4)(A) Notwithstanding the approval of the President's pay
recommendations in accordance with paragraph (2), none of those
recommendations shall take effect unless, between the date on which
the bill or resolution approving those recommendations is signed by
the President (or otherwise becomes law) and the earliest date as
of which the President proposes (under section 358 of this title)
that any of those recommendations take effect, an election of
Representatives shall have intervened.
(B) For purposes of this paragraph, the term ''election of
Representatives'' means an election held on the Tuesday following
the first Monday of November in any even-numbered calendar year.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(i), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
644; Pub. L. 95-19, title IV, Sec. 401(a), Apr. 12, 1977, 91 Stat.
45; Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 135(e), Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1322; Pub.
L. 101-194, title VII, Sec. 701(g), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1765.)
amendment, section read as follows:
''(1) The recommendations of the President which are transmitted
to the Congress pursuant to section 358 of this title shall be
effective as provided in paragraph (2) of this section unless any
such recommendation is disapproved by a joint resolution agreed to
by the Congress not later than the last day of the 30-day period
which begins on the date of which such recommendations are
transmitted to the Congress.
''(2) The effective date of the rate or rates of pay which take
effect for an office or position under paragraph (1) of this
section shall be the first day of the first pay period which begins
for such office or position after the end of the 30-day period
described in such paragraph.''
1985 - Par. (1). Pub. L. 99-190 amended par. (1) generally,
substituting provisions relating to the effective date of
Presidential recommendations transmitted to Congress pursuant to
section 358 of this title, for provisions relating to voting
requirements and procedures for Presidential recommendations to
Par. (2). Pub. L. 99-190 amended par. (2) generally, substituting
provisions relating to effective date of rates of pay for offices
or positions under par. (1), for provisions relating to later
operative dates of Presidential recommendations.
1977 - Par. (1). Pub. L. 95-19 substituted provisions directing
each house of the Congress to conduct a separate vote within sixty
days on each Presidential recommendation with respect to the
offices and positions described in section 356(A), (B), (C), and
(D) of this title, with the votes to be recorded so as to reflect
the votes of each individual member and with each recommendation,
if approved, to become effective for the offices and positions
covered at the beginning of the first pay period which begins after
the thirtieth day following the approval of the recommendation by
the second house of the Congress to approve the recommendation, for
provisions directing that all or part of the recommendations of the
President transmitted to the Congress in the budget under section
358 of this title be effective at the beginning of the first pay
period beginning after the thirtieth day following the transmittal
of the recommendations to the budget, but only to the extent that,
between the date of transmittal of the recommendations in the
budget and the beginning of the pay period, there has not been
enacted into law a statute establishing rates of pay other than the
rates set in the recommendation, neither house of the Congress
specifically disapproves all or part of the recommendations, or
Par. (2). Pub. L. 95-19 reenacted par. (2) without change.
Sec. 360. Effect of recommendations on existing law and prior
The recommendations of the President taking effect as provided in
section 359 of this title shall be held and considered to modify,
supersede, or render inapplicable, as the case may be, to the
extent inconsistent therewith -
(A) all provisions of law enacted prior to the effective date
or dates of all or part (as the case may be) of such
recommendations (other than any provision of law enacted with
respect to such recommendations in the period beginning on the
date the President transmits his recommendations to the Congress
under section 358 of this title and ending on the date of their
approval under section 359(2) of this title), and
(B) any prior recommendations of the President which take
effect under this chapter.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(j), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
644; Pub. L. 95-19, title IV, Sec. 401(b), Apr. 12, 1977, 91 Stat.
46; Pub. L. 99-190, Sec. 135(f), Dec. 19, 1985, 99 Stat. 1322; Pub.
L. 101-194, title VII, Sec. 701(h), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1766.)
1989 - Cl. (A). Pub. L. 101-194 substituted ''(other than any
provision of law enacted with respect to such recommendations in
the period beginning on the date the President transmits his
recommendations to the Congress under section 358 of this title and
ending on the date of their approval under section 359(2) of this
title), and'' for ''(other than any provision of law enacted in the
period specified section 359 of this title with respect to such
recommendations), and''.
1985 - Pub. L. 99-190 substituted ''taking effect as provided in
section 359 of this title shall'' for ''transmitted to the Congress
immediately following a review conducted by the Commission in one
of the fiscal years referred to in section 352(2) and (3) of this
title shall, if approved by the Congress as provided in section 359
of this title,'', and in cl. (A) struck out ''in paragraph (1) of''
before ''section 359 of this title''.
1977 - Pub. L. 95-19 inserted '', if approved by the Congress as
provided in section 359 of this title,''.
Sec. 361. Publication of recommendations
The recommendations of the President which take effect shall be
printed in the Statutes at Large in the same volume as public laws
and shall be printed in the Federal Register and included in the
Code of Federal Regulations.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(k), Dec. 16, 1967, 81 Stat.
Sec. 362. Requirements applicable to recommendations
Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, the
recommendations submitted by the Commission to the President under
section 357 of this title, and the recommendations transmitted by
the President to the Congress under section 358 of this title,
shall be in conformance with the following:
(1) Any recommended pay adjustment shall specify the date as of
which it is proposed that such adjustment take effect.
(2) The proposed effective date of a pay adjustment may occur
no earlier than January 1 of the second fiscal year, and no later
than December 31 next following the close of the fifth fiscal
year, beginning after the fiscal year in which the Commission
conducts its review under section 356 of this title.
(3)(A)(i) The rates of pay recommended for the Speaker of the
House of Representatives, the Vice President of the United
States, and the Chief Justice of the United States, respectively,
shall be equal.
(ii) The rates of pay recommended for the majority and minority
leaders of the Senate and the House of Representatives, the
President pro tempore of the Senate, and each office or position
under section 5312 of title 5 (relating to level I of the
Executive Schedule), respectively, shall be equal.
(iii) The rates of pay recommended for a Senator, a Member of
the House of Representatives, the Resident Commissioner from
Puerto Rico, a Delegate to the House of Representatives, a judge
of a district court of the United States, a judge of the United
States Court of International Trade, and each office or position
under section 5313 of title 5 (relating to level II of the
(B) Nothing in this section shall be considered to require that
the rate recommended for any office or position by the President
under section 358 of this title be the same as the rate
recommended for such office or position by the Commission under
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(l), as added Pub. L. 101-194,
title VII, Sec. 701(i), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1766.)
Sec. 363. Additional function
The Commission shall, whenever it conducts a review under section
356 of this title, also conduct a review under this section
relating to any recruitment or retention problems, and any public
policy issues involved in maintaining appropriate ethical
standards, with respect to any offices or positions within the
Federal public service. Any findings or recommendations under this
section shall be included by the Commission as part of its report
to the President under section 357 of this title.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(m), as added Pub. L. 101-194,
title VII, Sec. 701(j), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1767.)
Sec. 364. Provision relating to certain other pay adjustments
(1) A provision of law increasing the rate of pay payable for an
office or position within the purview of subparagraph (A), (B),
(C), or (D) of section 356 of this title shall not take effect
before the beginning of the Congress following the Congress during
which such provision is enacted.
(2) For purposes of this section, a provision of law enacted
during the period beginning on the Tuesday following the first
Monday of November of an even-numbered year of any Congress and
ending at noon on the following January 3 shall be considered to
have been enacted during the first session of the following
(3) Nothing in this section shall be considered to apply with
respect to any pay increase -
(A) which takes effect under the preceding sections of this
chapter;
(B) which is based on a change in the Employment Cost Index (as
determined under section 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of
1989) or which is in lieu of any pay adjustment which might
otherwise be made in a year based on a change in such index (as
so determined); or
(C) which takes effect under section 702 or 703 of the Ethics
Reform Act of 1989.
(Pub. L. 90-206, title II, Sec. 225(n), as added Pub. L. 101-194,
title VII, Sec. 701(k), Nov. 30, 1989, 103 Stat. 1767.)
Sections 702, 703, and 704(a)(1) of the Ethics Reform Act of
1989, referred to in par. (3)(B), (C), are sections 702, 703, and
704(a)(1) of Pub. L. 101-194 which are set out as notes under
sections 5303 and 5318 of Title 5, Government Organization and
Acuerdo de Asociación entre Chile y {UE}
Carta de la {ONU}
Código Civil de Argentina
Código de Comercio de la República de Chile de 1865
Código del Menor de la República Dominicana
Codificación normativa de EEUU (Estados Unidos) Legislación Federal estadounidense # The Congress


Yesterday as I was walking home from a wonderful lunch meeting with Mondo discussing life, business and photography I deeked into the LCBO on St. Clair West.
As you should already know, I have my S2 back so I'm taking pictures left, right, and centre, like the photoholic I am. So, when I saw the ad for the "Amateur Photo Contest" stuck to the counter at the LCBO, I did what any photographer would do, I whipped out my camera and took a picture.
I think, I'm just photographic the ad. As she walks away, leaving me and my camera standing by the thing I want to photograph, the other cashier leans over, "they don't even let us photograph each other in the staff room".
No, I really don't think they will be able to help me. Unless of course they want to hire me. ARGH!
You can get more info on the contest at the LCBO website. I can't link directly because it's embedded in some flash.
I've gotten lots of hits (before this post) about this contest. It seems the info is hard to find… but people seem to be commenting on it, including Michael Dines' letter to & response from the LCBO, and Josh's comment on Radiant Vista that the LCBO owns the photos lock stock and barrel world wide, in perpetuity.


Tobie Brown is a native of Harrodsburg, Ky. She earned her degree in History and Theatre at Kentucky State University, where she was on the National Dean's list. Tobie has over 20 years of pageant experience and was active in the Miss America Organization for several years and is now a sought out pageant consultant and judge. She is also a professional model who went on tour with Ebony magazine and modeled in the world's largest traveling fashion show, known as the Ebony Fashion Fair. Ms. Brown lived in Los Angeles, CA for several years pursuing her passion for acting and modeling.


A court in Islamabad on Saturday dismissed charges against a Muslim cleric arrested on suspicion of framing a Christian girl for blasphemy.
A teenage Christian girl fled Pakistan with her family after a Muslim cleric falsely accused her of burning pages from the Quran. After spending months in hiding, Rimsha Masih and her family are now in Canada.
Farhan Haji Mose was cut in two this past Friday. His crime was conversion from Islam to Christianity. He was 25.
The case against Rimsha Masih, the teenage Pakistani Christian girl, has today been dropped by the court in the Pakistani capital Islamabad. "This is the first case of its kind when a person charged under the strict blasphemy laws is exonerated from the accusation," said Naveed Chaudry, one of Rimsha's lawyers.
The juvenile court hearing of Rimsha Masih, a 14-year-old Christian girl arrested for blasphemy in mid-August and released on bail three weeks later, has been postponed until November 14.
Rimsha Masih and her family will remain in Pakistan after her legal ordeal is over, one of her lawyers says. The teenage Pakistani girl, who was arrested in August on suspicion of desecrating Islamic texts, is due to appear in an Islamabad juvenile court Oct. 17.
Following the release on bail of a 14-year-old Pakistani Christian girl who was accused last month of blasphemy against Islam, local Christians are living in "shocking conditions" in fear for their lives.
Once in a while in the financial and political chaos, there comes a story or two that make one's heart glad.
A court has ordered that Rimsha Masih, the 14-year-old accused of blasphemy, is to be released into protective custody, on bail security of approximately $10,500.


When it comes to the things that can make or break an occasion, couple of are as crucial as the quality, flavor and appearance of the food and drinks you serve. A lot is riding on your decision which catering service to employ, and if you believe this decision really isn't really that important, look at it in this manner, incredible catering can save an occasion that's on the rocks, however bad catering will usually send guests to the doors.
In addition, since catering is frequently the # 1 or # 2 line-item expense for the majority of occasions, the caterer you pick is also a substantial budgetary choice and can affect just how much money you have actually left over to invest in other areas depending on food costs and quantities.
Add in the fact that caterers can differ considerably in their rates and the kinds of meals and services they provide, and the procedure of picking a catering service can figuratively and actually feel like you are comparing apples to oranges.
Of all the event and catering professionals we talked with, this showed up over and over and over again, mainly due to the fact that how responsive and interested a catering service is throughout your preliminary conversations is indicative of how they will carry out throughout the length of their contract with you (and more on agreements later).
A prospective catering service must be learning as much as they can about you in your first few discussions with them, so you ought to expect them to be talking and asking questions about 20% of the time and you providing responses and detailing your needs about 80% of the time.
So when interviewing your Montmorency caterers (and you ought to talk to a minimum of 3 catering services for any occasion with a reasonable budget plan), you have to specify about the type of occasion you are planning and the type of food and/or presentation you are expecting. Otherwise, you might wind up picking a caterer who just isn't really an excellent suitable for the type or style of your event.
Practically every caterer has a basic menu or menus to choose from, and numerous do supply some level of built-in flexibility to adjust these menus to your particular requirements by replacing particular items and/or tailoring others.
However, the standout catering services will exceed standardized menu alternatives and want to create incredible fare that matches a lot more particular style and dietary requirements.
Some people shy away from asking to sample the specific items they want for their occasion because it seems like a hassle for the catering service, but it is standard to request a tasting of what you are meaning to order before you sign on the dotted line.
In addition, you can ask for wine parings for these tastings if they are appropriate for your occasion (once again, be prepared to pay a charge, it's a small price to pay to ensure you pick the ideal caterer). When you are tasting the food, also attend to how it exists, as any caterer who puts in the time to properly display a sample will most likely be most likely to make that type of effort on your occasion day.
You might be in for a surprise if you work with a BBQ take-out joint to cater an official ballroom fundraiser. Or if you select a high-end corporate event catering service to serve a barn wedding. Why? Due to the fact that these caterers may not be accustomed to preparing and serving food in such a setting.
Much more standard locations can likewise have constraints that caterers should follow, like particular setup requirements or disposal constraints for waste food and water, so having a caterer that is familiar with a location's rules can potentially save you lots of inconvenience on event day.
The caterer's contract must plainly define precisely what food, beverages and services the catering service will be supplying on the designated day( s). Moreover, it needs to secure you from non-performance as much as it safeguards the caterer from non-payment/default, so you might want to think about having a lawyer} look at it prior to you sign it.
Every detail should be included in the contract, included chosen menus, variety of servings and/or individuals to be served, beverage/bar service details (if applicable) and all rates and additional services.
No catering service in Montmorency with a shred of dignity and scruples enters into an agreement with strategies to bail at the last minute, however you have to make certain there is a cancellation provision in your contract just in case your catering service has to cancel.
Of course you will have to look into the caterers in Montmorency you are considering, and it's always good to start online and check out sites.
However, don't stop there, as online reviews are not always dependable (and even genuine); for instance, a great caterer might have had a couple of nightmare/hater customers who skew their ratings, while a really mediocre catering service might have padded their online reviews. So see if you can find some past clients of the caterers you are thinking about and connect to them.
Every catering service we talked to called insurance coverage "a given" for catering services, and you definitely don't want to lawfully be on the hook for some oversight or mishap that was the fault of your caterer.
Surprisingly, for how long a catering company in Montmorency has been around might not be as crucial in choosing a fantastic catering service as you may believe.


text:
Head of Department:
Mrs C Little
Teaching Staff:
Mr C Boyle
Mrs T Loughrey
Ms C Marron
Mrs L McCool
Mrs F Pepin
With other subjects:
Mrs A Crawford
Mrs A O'Harte
< Back To Departments
The English Department is one of the largest departments in the school with. There are six full-time and two part-time teachers in the Department. There are six English Classrooms – all well equipped with:
• Computers with full C2K network access;
• TV, video and DVD facilities;
• Audio equipment;
• Reference books eg. dictionaries;
• Interactive whiteboard.
All students in Year 8-10 are taught English. Class texts for Junior students are chosen from a selection ranging from literary classics to recent publications; students gain experience of novels, plays and poetry every term, with Shakespeare being introduced in Year 10. Wide reading for pleasure is encouraged, with one double period each fortnight during Year 8 being spent in the Library. Students are also encouraged to develop their ICT skills from Year 8 onwards. Students who need a little extra support in aspects of Literacy are provided with this individually or in carefully-selected small groups.
Following the Key Stage 3 assessment at the end of Year 10, all students take GCSE English Language at the end of Year 12. A wide range of reading material (from Shakespeare to contemporary media) forms the curriculum core at this level, with students assessed in reading, writing, talking and listening. GCSE English Literature is offered as an option, and has remained traditionally popular among students. This entails the more detailed study and analysis of six poetry, prose and drama from pre-1914 and from 1914 to the present day. Students follow the GCSE specifications from CCEA, and currently sit the first module of each subject at the end of Year 11.
We offer two subjects at A level: English Language and English Literature, both of which retain healthy student numbers. Intensive study of English and Anglo-Irish Literature introduces students to their literary heritage and hones their critical skills, while English Language has a more linguistic focus, helping students to develop their analytical skills. Students follow the A level English Language specification from Edexcel, and the A level English Literature specification from CCEA. Many of our sixth form students eventually opt to study English or related subjects at university level.
At all levels, including on the School Development Plan, the development of Literacy skills is given the highest priority; in this, we work in conjunction with all other departments in the school. Talking, listening, reading and writing activities take place on a weekly basis, and we encourage students to participate in English lessons to the best of their ability. Students experiencing difficulty with any of these areas, as well as students for whom English is an additional language, are offered extra support and encouragement, with Literacy Support available.
Students are encouraged to read widely and to become analytical and perceptive in their reactions to text, image, moving image and so on. Annual events such as World Book Day and National Poetry Day are in ideal opportunity for a school-wide focus on Literacy and on reading for pleasure.
- English Department Open Day
Our results are consistently good, and in the past nine years we have sent seven students to Oxford or Cambridge to study English or related subjects. Since introducing English Language A level in 2003, we have been delighted to have four students placed in the UK Top Ten in this subject. In both 2010 and 2005, one student gained a magnificent 100% in GCSE English; in 2008, another student was close to this record, scoring 99.67%.
The main extra curricular activity in English is writing for and helping to edit the school magazine, Loreto Lore. Students can also take part in various writing competitions – whether national or local, and in our own annual School Poetry Competition.
Working in close conjunction with the Drama department, we organise theatre trips regularly when performances relevant to the school syllabus are being produced.
English at Loreto College offers:
Personal literacy;
Self-expression and communication;
Exploration of the world of language and books;
Experience of modern technology;
Shared experience and active learning;
The opportunity for each student to learn to his or her optimum potential.
- English Department World Book Day

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
The American Dominique
America's Oldest Breed of Livestock
Why American Dominique?
The Dominique Standard
Return Dominique Standard to Proper Form
Interpreting the Standard
Critiquing the Schilling Standard Artwork
The Dominique Feather
Dominique Feather Shape and Texture
Dominique Feather Pattern
Dominique Feather Color
Dominique Color Feather Discussion
Some Traits to Consider
Dominiques and Barred Rocks
Foraging Traits
Dominique Game Fowl
Status of the Dominique
My Book on Dominiques
The Dominique Name
Origin of the Dominiques
The First Poultry Show
Old Photos and Artwork
We Buy Old Dominique Materials
Breeding Information
Selecting Breeders
Pure Dominiques
Inbreed or Crossbreed?
Lamon and Slocum
Establishing a Strain
Build the barn before you paint it.
Toe Punch Chart
Sexing the Chicks
White Dominiques
The Most Decorated Dominique
Tribute to our oldest Dominique
Some Modern Photographs
Judging the Dominiques
Contacts and Source of Stock
Dominiques in Literature
Dominecker Milk Glass
Red Dominiques
Old Dominick Distillery
Dominique Arts & Crafts
As a historian of the Dominique breed, research did not end with the publication of "The American Dominique – A Treatise for the Fancier". The search for additional information on our favorite breed's history has continued. This includes seeking out more details on the breeders of the past. One individual that stands out in the early 1900s is Mr. A. Q. Carter.
As the years have passed and new fanciers have taken up the Dominiques, the name of Mr. A. Q. Carter is probably unknown. It was this gentleman's efforts that prompted the American Poultry Association to realign the written standard to the breed's characteristics. Likewise it was Mr. Carter's winning stock from the 1913 Boston Exposition that was used as models for the 1915 Standard of Perfection. Those Dominiques are so close to the ideal that they were used in subsequent Standards for 75 years.
It is known that Mr. Carter, retiring to Jefferson, Maine in 1918 due to a lingering illness, sold his Freeport farm and Dominique stock to the father of John Gould. Mr. Gould writing about Mr. Carter stated, "He built a long poultry house and lovingly bred his Dominiques, showing them in the many poultry exhibitions of the time, as well as at all the fairs, and offering starter stock at fancy prices. Mr. Carter was a man of some means, so he conducted his poultry business on a more expensive level than other Freeporters."
Mr. Carter was proud of his wins, but more than that, he was proud of the consistent high quality of his stock. In the 1913 National American Dominique Club booklet his advertisement stated, "My show record on Dominiques have never been equaled. But it is not the show record that always tells the tale – it is the kind of birds you actually own in your own yards. For years I have been trying to get an entire flock of Dominiques that run true throughout – not a good one here and there but all good. I have come the nearest to it this year for I got 90 per cent of good Dominique type and the other 10 per cent have gone to the butcher."
While we know a bit about his work with Dominiques, little was known about the man – for example, the name associated with the initials was unknown. For several years this author has searched for information on Mr. Carter and only recently was forwarded information by an amateur genealogist.
The following information was found in Reverend Charles Nelson Sinnett's 1907 work "Jacob Johnson of Harpswell, Maine and His Descendants East and West."
When J. H. Drevenstedt raised the issue of the need for a Dominique club to return the breed to it's former glory several influential gentlemen answered the call. They in turn wrote numerous articles on the "true old time Dominique."
To understand why these Dominique leaders were making pleas to adhere to the Standard, it is necessary to understand the many changes that have occurred in the Dominique standards. Comparing the various editions of the Standard of Perfection it is possible to determine the points in history when the interests of specific parties prevailed upon the A.P.A. to change the Standard.
For example, the grossly inflated weights published in the 1888 Standard coincided with a desire to change the Dominique to conform to the Plymouth Rock type, in all respects except comb. This distortion of the Dominique's type lead knowledgeable writers of the time to call for the formation of a Dominique club to preserve the breed before it was lost to crossbreeding.
The 1905 Standard of Perfection so inflamed the Dominique breeders that they began a campaign to have the Standard changed. The A.P.A., yielding to the demands of the Dominique breeders, modified the text and included the updated description in the 1910 Standard.
While the description, in the 1910 Standard, was more palatable, the art work done by Smith was not. The 1912 issue of the 1910 Standard appeared with updated cuts of the Dominique. Franklane Sewell had reworked his pictures from the 1905 Standard, as well as combining some of the better points from Smith's pictures.
Albert Quincy Carter, born Portland, Maine, July 5, 1870; resides in Freeport, Maine, and has a summer home on Peaks Island, Portland Harbor, graduated from Portland (Me.) High School, 1886; has resided at Portland, Brunswick, Boston, Mass., etc.; traveling salesman for mill supplies; before that position was taken he had charge of a sulphite pulp and paper mill for five years at Lincoln, N.H.; writer of stories. Married, Nov 30, 1898 Izah Whitehouse, born Boston, Mass., Sept. 2, 1870, she graduated from the Norway (ME) High School, 1887, and from the Emerson School of Oratory, Boston, Mass.; the daughter of George Whitehouse of Norway, Me. And of Clara Towle of Boston, Mass.
An attempt was made to locate relatives of Mr. Carter. An unrelated individual, Paul E. Carter of Portland, Maine, was intrigued by my request and did some research of his own. From his work we learn that Mr. A. Q. Carter's father was Captain James W. Carter, born in Nova Scotia, employed as a dealer in lobsters. Albert's mother was Lucy Woodbury Johnson of Maine. At the time of the 1880 census, Albert had two older sisters, three younger sisters and no brothers.
I believe my correspondents have indeed located our A. Q. Carter. There is little likelihood that there were two wealthy A. Q. Carters in Freeport, Maine at the same time. Hopefully, the new clues this article contains will lead to more information on such a pivotal figure in the Dominique history.
Mr. W. H. Davenport wrote in the May 1913 Reliable Poultry Journal, "Secretary Carter writes to ask if I will send in some comments on the cuts of Dominiques in the last Standard. If he means the 1910 Standard, I certainly cannot say too much against the cuts. First, these cuts do not represent the breed in agreement with the verbal description in the book . . . . Second, the Standard ought to be better, if anything that the true birds are. This cut has a tendency to lead some men to go to cross breeding with Rocks so as to get this mongrel form, which is entirely undesirable . . . This cut is misleading to every judge who sees it, and in that way is proving a downright detriment to the breed. . ."
The overriding sentiment, from those who knew Dominiques, was that the pictures in the Standard were not lifelike and lacked the detail necessary to adequately portray the breed. Mr. Sewell, rather than take a defensive position, publicly solicited comments on what the ideal Dominique should be, then presented in the Reliable Poultry Journal, a set of cuts based on Dominiques from the A. Q. Carter flock.
To this author's knowledge the article (above left) from the 1913 Dominique Doings is the only surviving copy of the original draft. However, a few copies of the final standard, as presented in the 1914 National Dominique Club newsletter, still exist and from the July 8 – 12, 1913 meeting of the Standard revision committee we have these notes:
"In honor of the oldest Amercian breed, the Dominique, its standard is to be a preamble or introduction. Dominique cuts rejected and new ones recommended. In both the male and female standard, the word "large" as describing size of the thigh, is stricken out. We understand Dominique men wanted changes in the color standard, and it appeared to us from representative birds shown at the last Boston show by A. Q. Carter, that the correct female feather ended with a somewhat crescentric bar. In the present Standard parallel barring is specified."
Again there is a gap in documentation, however it is apparent that the A.P.A. approved of this change as the 1915 Standard carries a description that very closely resembles Mr. Carter's version.
While Mr. Carter was actively promoting the club to the public and submitting recommendations to the A.P.A. on the Standard Revision, he was also exhibiting his Dominiques. If fact, the artist Franklane Sewell was so taken by Mr. Carter's champion hen "Speckles" and his champion cockerel (no name given) at the 1913 Boston Exposition that they were selected as models for the upcoming Standard. Mr. Sewell did the initial work on the Dominique for the Standard, however; there was concern over the amount of work to be done in the complete revision and dissatisfaction with some of Sewell's work to-date. A. O. Schilling was hired to help with the revision and he was given the task of reworking the Dominiques. His rendition of the Dominique was heralded as "magnificent".
The Standard of Perfection issued in 1915 contained the art work of A. O. Schilling. The cut of the Dominiques is without a doubt the best that was ever done. T his artwork was of such high quality that it remained in use until the Standard of 1983 which replaced all of the half-tone black and white pictures with color plates.
The coloring of the Dominiques was based on Schilling's artwork, though the end product is less than desirable as most of the fine detail was lost. Fortunately, the written standard remains intact and the APA has made available the current descriptions along-side the black-and-white breed pictures (commonly referred to as the Black and White Standard).
Accompanying this article are pictures of the Dominiques and the final product as shown in the APA Standard of Perfection. There are subtle differences where Mr. Schilling retouched the photographs so they would be closer to the ideal bird described in the Standard. As an example, notice that the Schilling male has longer and fuller sickles than the real bird.
While there are those that contend we should not use the Standard pictures to determine how a breed should look, it is this author's opinion that A.Q. Carter's description and A.O. Schilling's interpretation are so closely aligned that in this case it is allowed.
To Mr. Albert Quincy Carter, we the Dominique fanciers owe a debt of gratitude. His writings peaked the interest of those few individuals who kept the breed alive through the lean years. His version of the breed standard was thorough, concise and most important was recognized as true to type for the breed. And finally, by immortalizing the "old type" Dominique when he donated their use to the Standard illustrators. With these actions he has helped several generations of fanciers in their pursuit of the perfect Dominique.
These are actual photographs of the A. Q. Carter Dominiques that won at the January 1913 Boston Exposition. The following comments were taken from the Reliable Poultry Journal.
Comments from Mr. John Robinson:
The cockerel that headed the first prize pen at Boston last winter (1912), is a fine model, with well-fitted breast and body. He has a large, well spread tail, not fully grown out in sickles. The natural pose would be to have the head and breast a trifle higher. The legs show slight crouching; would be straighter when standing or walking at freedom. The spike at the rear of the comb should be more tapered toward the blade and turned slightly upward. The color throughout shows excellent Dominique markings, remarkably regular for the breed.
"Speckle," is the mate of the cockerel just preceding, and is also owned by the same breeder, A. Q. Carter, Freeport, Maine, secretary of the American Dominique Club. Mr Carter exhibited this fine pullet at the Boston show and was awarded first prize on her. Mr. Carter writes: "This is as good a type as I have ever seen."
Comments from Mr. A. Q. Carter:
This male comes nearest to the general type all over. This bird has plenty of style, shape, good color and fine tail development with the exception of the great sickles, which are not fully grown. They should curve over and the tips hang on a line with the center of the body.
This is the best colored female shown and is excellent in general type. Her head should be up more and the tail carried down a trifle.
Using the A. Q. Carter Dominiques above, Franklane Sewell retouched to produce this version for the Standard committee. Writing about the results, he stated:
"I cannot do better in the interests of the Dominique progress than to set before earnest breeders of this old American race this pair of cuts made from photographs of A. Q. Carter's first prize cock and first prize hen at the last Boston show. According to several experts, who commented on these birds, among them the experienced J. H. Drevenstedt, who judged them and awarded their prizes, the come nearest to the original, and what is today considered by Dominique breeders to be the best in the breed, of any birds seen at our leading shows in many years. Inasmuch as there is dissatisfaction on the part of Dominique breeders with the A.P.A. Standard ideals made by this writer, we request all breeders of Dominiques and those competent to judge the true type, to send to Mr. A. Q. Carter, secretary of the National American Dominique Club, Freeport, Maine, their criticisms of the ideals in the Standard, and any changes they have to suggest that will give this useful old race ideals in the next issue of the Standard that will be true to the genuine old type and that will assist in its progress.
With the exception of the portrait of old "Grandma", no other Dominique female has impress me with her distinct type so much as Mr. Carter's first prize hen at the last Boston show. In style and general shape she is similar to the famous old hen mentioned above. The almost gamy, ambitious carriage, that among horsemen is sometimes call "toppy," the round head fine skull and small bone are emphasized. The wide light-colored bars of the plumage, between the second dark bars and the distinct bars that extend well across the rounded tips and give the much desired "lace like" effect, are typical in this hen and worthy to continue the fashion of the genuine old-time Dominique that experienced fanciers of this true American race are ben on preserving. The Dominique needs no introduction to veteran breeders of poultry in America. It was long ago labeled par excellent for profit on the farm."
And here we have A. O. Schilling's completed work that appeared in the Standard of Perfection for almost 70 years.
John Hrycek Jr. shared this observation: "The Standard is a guide and as a breeder you need to learn to interpret what the old master breeders were trying to explain, for the good of your breed." -Don Schrider.
So, having reviewed the Standard and the artwork of A. O. Schilling, it would be a good time to compare all of this with a real bird. John Hrycek Jr. generously supplied a Dominique cockerel for evaluation.
John Hrycek Jr: Here is my best cockerel for this year (2014). I know he is still young but he looks off balanced. He lacks in his saddle, in the respect of width and length. The bird feels good in structure. Here is something I would dare ask here on the Dominique site. Should I look for a Hen with more cushion to improve the backs on my males? Color has not been a concern, I have too many other issues with type to be concerned about that. I have been looking ahead and have kept back some nicely marked dark hens to work on my male line.
Mark Fields: Look at the Schilling prints. There isn't a lot of fluff. Once you have fluffy butts they are hard to get rid of. I'd rather see you work with a bird like this than to add length and softness of feather
Janice James: This bird is already fluffier than the Schilling bird. You're right, he's a little off balance, but I think it's because his chest could be a bit deeper. He could grow into that. He has nice, wide tail feathers, too bad the sickles aren't a little wider and a lot longer, but the angle is good. I haven't found that fixing color is as simple as crossing light cocks with dark hens. I get cockerels with uneven color from that cross. But then, I haven't found that anything is simple.
Mark Fields: Today I had a nice long discussion with an interesting gentlemen on what to do with my bantams. One of the things he reminded me over and over is type, type, type. I'm so fixated on things like color and comb that he says I'm missing what a great type bird I have. Rather than looking for a quick fix to something like color, I should be searching high and low for the best type male to put with the female and let the color fall where it may. When we then have a good base of solid "typey" birds then we can tweak the little things. Your male is probably one of the best I've seen posted this year. I'd hate to see you put more fluff on them (thank you Janice, I was hoping someone would chime in on that). I'd hate to see you focus on color. Rather step back and look at what a good bird you have and mate him to a good or better type female to get more good offspring. Yeah, I'm fired up. Decisions have been made at my place and I'm looking forward to next year's breeding season Mark Fields Today I had a nice long discussion with an interesting gentlemen on what to do with my bantams. One of the things he reminded me over and over is type, type, type. I'm so fixated on things like color and comb that he says I'm missing what a great type bird I have. Rather than looking for a quick fix to something like color, I should be searching high and low for the best type male to put with the female and let the color fall where it may. When we then have a good base of solid "typey" birds then we can tweak the little things. Your male is probably one of the best I've seen posted this year. I'd hate to see you put more fluff on them (thank you Janice, I was hoping someone would chime in on that). I'd hate to see you focus on color. Rather step back and look at what a good bird you have and mate him to a good or better type female to get more good offspring. Yeah, I'm fired up. Decisions have been made at my place and I'm looking forward to next year's breeding season.
John Hrycek Jr: Mark, I show no mercy with my male line. Over the last six years. I have culled hundreds of cockerels and cocks. Last winter we had family over and served Chicken Corn soup. Everyone new to the meal commented how great it tasted and I said,It should the bird took Reserve American at the Bel Air show! (judged by Tom Kane, John Womack) I have even culled the cocks at the end of the breeding season because I felt if his offspring did not make improvements then it was not worth trying to use them again. Only upwards. Years ago Mike Waski placed my Cockerel Res. American at the Fredrick show and his tail was washed just as bad as the one above. This was against a thirty something white out of a regional Plymouth Rock meet. It was like I have a permanent voice recording burned in my memory of the brief time I spent with Mike as he described his opinion of what he liked in that bird. The details of what good attributes the bird shows and how it will affect him as he gets older. I hear that recording every time I go into that old cock birds pen because he looks just like Mike said he would. But he carries that same "break" at the saddle to the base of the tail just like the cockerel above. I see birds like Fred's that sweep their saddles up through the base of the tail giving a better curve and profile, if that helps to describe what I am after.
Heaven Roberts: The tail will keep rising and that break will get worse with age. Find hens with their legs right square under them and their backs still angled and a smooth transition to the tails. If you moved this birds legs slightly forward his chest would go up back would be angled but the tail would rise even more to balance him and your problem would be worse. I need to make a drawing I think to really describe what I am saying. I got this advice from a breeder of excellent quality Leghorns. Now they know how to sweep! Beautiful birds though you can send him to Oregon if you want.
The next step in the study of the breed standard is to review the finer points of the feathers themselves as the cuckoo pattern in the Dominique is fairly rare. This link will take you to a study of the Dominique feather.
Around 1915 Dr. Harwood maintained a breeder flock of over 500 Dominique hens.
In Germany the Dominique is known as the Dominikaner.
The Dominique is America's oldest breed of livestock!
The Voters rarely hatched more than 25 chicks in a year.
APA judge Brian Decker points out the Dominique is more of a quarter horse than a Clydesdale.
© 2020 The American Dominique


text:
Herbert al II-lea (sau Heribert) (d. 23 februarie 943) a fost conte de Meaux și de Vermandois. El a fost primul care a exercitat puterea asupra teritoriului care a devenit provincia Champagne.

Viața
Herbert a fost fiul contelui Herbert I de Vermandois cu Bertha de Morvois. Se pare că el a fost conștient de descendența sa din Carol cel Mare. Herbert a moștenit stăpânirea tatălui său, iar în 907 a adăugat acesteia abația de St. Medard din Soissons. El a luat poziția de abate laic, care i-a acordat drepturile asupra veniturilor acelor moșii. Căsătoria sa cu Adela, fiică a regelui Robert I al Franței i-a adus posesiunea asupra comitatului de Meaux.

În 922, atunci când Seulf a devenit arhiepiscop de Rheims, într-un efort de a domoli expansiunea lui Herbert acesta i-a promis posibilitatea de a-l numi ca succesor al său. În 923, contele Herbert a luat îndrăzneața măsură de a-l reține ca prizonier pe regele Carol al III-lea al Franței, care a murit în captivitate în 929. Apoi, la moartea lui Seulf din 925, cu ajutorul regelui Rudolf al Burgundiei, el a achiziționat pentru cel de al doilea fiu al său, Hugo (pe atunci în vârstă de 5 ani) arhiepiscopatul de Rheims. Herbert a făcut pasul următor, trimițând soli la Roma, la papa Ioan al X-lea pentru a obține de la acesta aprobarea, pe care suveranul pontif i-a acordat-o în 926. Cu ocazia alegerii sale, tânărul Hugo a fost trimis la Auxerre, pentru studii.

În 926, la moartea contelui Roger I de Laon, Herbert a solicitat comitatul de Laon pentru Odo, fiul său mai vârstnic. El a preluat orașul prin sfidarea regelui Raoul, fapt ce a condus la ciocnirea intereselor celor doi în 927. Folosindu-se de amenințarea eliberării lui Carol al III-lea, pe care îl deținea captiv, Herbert a reușit să păstreze orașul vreme de încă 4 ani. Însă după moartea lui Carol din 929, Raoul a întreprins un nou atac asupra Laon în 931, apărat cu succes de către Herbert. În același an, regele a pătruns în Rheims și l-a înfrânt pe arhiepiscopul Hugo, fiul lui Herbert. Ca urmare, Artaud a devenit noul arhiepiscop de Reims. În continuare, pe parcursul a trei ani, Herbert al II-lea a pierdut Vitry, Laon, Château-Thierry și Soissons. Intervenția aliatului său, Henric I "Păsărarul", regele Germaniei, i-a permis să își recupereze stăpânirile (exceptând Rheims și Laon) în schimbul supunerii sale față de regele Raoul.

Ulterior, Herbert s-a aliat cu Hugo cel Mare și cu ducele Guillaume "Spadă Lungă" de Normandia împotriva regelui Ludovic al IV-lea, care i-a conferit comitatul de Laon lui Roger al II-lea, fiul fostului conte Roger I, în 941. Herbert și Hugo cel Mare au recuperat Rheims și l-au capturat pe arhiepiscopul Artaud. Hugo, fiu lui Herbert, a fost restaurat ca arhiepiscop. Încă o dată, medierea din partea regelui Germaniei, de această dată Otto I "cel Mare" din Visé, din apropiere de Liège, din 942 a condus la normalizarea situației.

Moartea și succesorii
Herbert al II-lea a murit în 23 februarie 943 la Saint-Quentin (capitala comitatului de Vermandois). Vastele sale moșii și teritorii au fost divizate între fiii săi. Vermandois și Amiens au revenit fiilor mai mari, în vreme ce celor mai tineri, Robert și Herbert cel Bătrân li s-au acordat valoroase domenii răspândite de-a lungul întregii regiuni Champagne. La moartea lui Robert, fiul fratelui său, Herbert al III-lea le-a preluat pe toate. Singurul fiu al lui Herbert al III-lea, Ștefan I de Troyes a murit fără a avea copii în 1119–1120, sfârșindu-se astfel linia masculină a lui Herbert al II-lea.

Familia
Herbert a fost căsătorit cu Adela, fiică a regelui Robert I al Franței. Împreună au avut următorii copii:

 Odo, conte de Amiens și de Vienne, (n. cca. 910–946)
 Adalbert (Albert) (n. cca. 915–987), conte de Vermandois, căsătorit cu Gerberga de Lorena
 Adela (n. 910–d. 960), căsătorită în 934 cu conteșe Arnulf I de Flandra
 Herbert (n. cca. 910–d. 980), conte de Meaux și abate de St. Medard, în Soissons, căsătorit în 951 cu Eadgifu de Wessex, fiica regelui Eduard cel Bătrân al Angliei și văduvă a regelui Carol al III-lea al Franței.
 Robert, conte de Meaux și Châlons (d. 967)
 Luitgarda (n. cca. 915-920–d. 978), căsătorită în 940 cu ducele Guillaume I de Normandia; căsătorită a doua oară, în cca. 943–944 cu contele Theobald I de Blois Fiul lor a fost Odo I de Blois.
 Hugo (n. 920–d. 962), arhiepiscop de Reims

Note

Trimiteri

Legături externe
 Comtes de Vermandois

Decese în 943
Conți de Champagne
Franța medievală

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


to attain and maintain sobriety.
Engage in substance abuse counseling.
Attend frequent court hearings for review purposes.
Attend frequent case management sessions.
Submit to regular drug and alcohol testing.
Obtain employment and/or attend school or complete 20 hours of community service work every week.
Not to use any narcotic or habit forming drugs, including benzodiazepine, (Xanax and Klonopin [Clonozipam]). Alternative medications that are not a narcotic and/or habit forming will need to be obtained for all prescriptions.
*Only participants who are serious about their recovery will be considered for the program. Participants should be instructed to report to the 67th District Court Probation Department at 630 S. Saginaw Street, Flint, Michigan from 9 am to 12 pm on the first Tuesday after their referral.
All court ordered financial obligations paid in full.
Does not respond adequately to intervention, is resistant to treatment and/or continually experiences program violations.


A fingertip injury is a fairly common type of hand injury, one often caused by an accident, such as slamming a finger in a door, that occurs during everyday activities. A fingertip injury can involve the skin, bone, nail, nail bed or pulp, which is the soft padding on the back of the fingertip. A fingertip can be cut, crushed, torn or cut off completely. Because it contains more nerve endings than many other parts of the body, a fingertip is extremely sensitive, making injury to it particularly painful.
An serious injury to the fingertip should be evaluated by a physician in order to ensure that the function of the finger, as well as that of the hand itself, is not permanently affected. Before it is evaluated by a physician, an injured fingertip should be iced and elevated to keep swelling and bleeding to a minimum, and a sterile bandage should be applied. In addition to those treatments, if a finger has been cut off, the amputated piece should be cleaned with a sterile solution, wrapped in gauze, and put in a watertight bag that is then placed on ice.
Examination by a physician includes a thorough cleaning of the wounded area; an injection of anesthetic is often given to relieve pain. The physician checks to see if bone is exposed, tissue is missing, and/or the nail is injured. An antibiotic may be prescribed and/or a tetanus shot given. Most fingertip injuries can be treated by suturing the wound. It takes several weeks for a finger to fully heal, during which time it is wrapped in a dressing or supported in a splint. Whether or not a cut-off fingertip is reattached during replantation surgery, which is extremely complex, is subject to many variables.


text:
Chris York won't talk Newcastle Falcons into a relegation battle
Chris York is maintaining a positive outlook as Newcastle Falcons aim to maintain their Premiership status
Newcastle Falcons' Chris York insists they won't think about a relegation battle despite their recent run of results
Chris York is adamant Newcastle Falcons will not talk themselves into a relegation battle.
The Kingston Park side sit second-bottom of the Aviva Premiership table with 10 league games to go, 11 points clear of winless Worcester.
The Warriors' continued struggles are currently masking the slump of a Newcastle side win-less in Premiership action since October, but York is determined not to fall into the trap of looking downwards.
He said: "I don't think many of the players are thinking about that too much, if I am totally honest.
"Worcester are at the bottom and are keeping us away from that relegation mindset for the time being, but a healthy outlook for Newcastle is about us getting results rather than looking elsewhere.
"If it isn't wins then we need to be taking bonus points, and by doing that and building our total we are giving ourselves the best possible chance of avoiding a scrap towards the end of the season.
"We want to push forward, and the way to do that is by winning some games."
York added: "Obviously people are going to bring the whole relegation thing up, and we have made it hard for ourselves by being in the position we are in the table.
"We haven't done ourselves much credit with that, and it is a part of reality that some people will bracket us in that whole battle.
"But at the same time, as much as people on the outside might be talking about that, those of us inside the group will just be focusing on making sure we pull ourselves away from it.
"You can almost talk yourself into a struggle if you keep drawing your own attention to it, and that is something we are determined to avoid."
Currently in the middle of a four-week cup window, the Falcons travel to Saracens on Sunday in LV= Cup action.
"This month is definitely useful for us," said York, the former Harlequins man in his second season as a Falcon.
"We have a very hard February coming up with four of the best teams in the Aviva Premiership facing us (Bath, Harlequins, Northampton and Leicester) and we really need to build some form going into that."
Satisfied with his side's creativity if not their execution, York said: "We are beginning to play some decent rugby, but not always getting the results to go along with that.
"It is all about taking the opportunities we are creating, but we can't be discouraged.
"We don't need to take a step back and re-focus, because we are already doing a lot of the right things.
"Finishing those openings has been the main area we have let ourselves down, and if we can address that then the results will follow."


I have to start this one by saying that Greenply Industries definitely makes beautiful looking annual reports. I know this brand from furniture shopping trips and ads for the last 2 decades but little did I know that it is the largest interior company in india, Largest laminate manufacturer in Asia and the 3rd largest laminate manufacturer globally. The laminates business is in the process of being de-merged and the stock is trading ex-record date.
Brand: Replication cost and timeline are both massive. This is a household name in India and chances are if you are telling your furniture store to use something it will be greenply or greenlam. Plywood manufacturing licenses are also hard to come by.
Technology: nothing great. MDF has some edge. Its pretax margins are high.
Performance during recessions - this is the opposite of recession proof. The good news is that construction and housing is likely to grow rapidly over the next few years owing to the positive outlook on infrastructure by the government.
Pricing power - The industry has low pricing power but when it comes to commercial establishments and housing - most professionals would like a brand. Here branding will play a similar role to branding in the cement industry.
Very high market share - 32% in plywood, 28% in laminates and 30% in MDF. In MDF Greenply is 40% of the installed capacity so overcapacity maybe a problem. Overall India's consumption of MDF is low at 0.5 mil m3 versus China at 30 mil m3.
The Laminates business has been demerged and today you cannot buy stock of the laminates business as it has not been listed yet - but the stock is trading ex-record date of 27 Nov 2014.
Overall being the market leader and good prospects I would say the moat is good.
Biggest risk I see is the employees - there are too many of them and thus average compensation is low at 4.2L/employee per year. Also sales/head is not going up which is a matter of huge concern as over time this can lead to lower increments leading to resentment and tough situations for manufacturing companies.
Low margin business - Over time if the brand can be made stronger maybe this company can expand margins but for now its a bit dicey.
Myanmar is the single largest source of raw materials for the company. Myanmar government is banning timber exports and thus the company is planning to setup a plant in Myanmar.
Debtors % of sales is decent at 16% - it is a bit high for my liking but nevertheless decent.
ROIC is decent at 14.9% and ROE at 20% or so.
Exports are around 15% of the sales and growing rapidly but the imports section is about 1.5 times of the exports.
Dividend % of earnings is low at 7.2% but that can be justified by the massive room to grow.
One has to adjust the earnings stated by the amount that the laminates business makes. Now the interesting thing is that in the demerged entity the plyboard and MDF board business has higher returns on capital than the laminates business so it is a better quality company than the financials show but the EPS of the stock you can buy today is lower than what might show up on websites.
A great advantage is that the company is aggressive and has clear global ambitions. It has the wherewith-all to understand that installing a plant in Myanmar might be an excellent investment as well a secure source of raw materials. I like that.
Presentation as I already said is wonderful. This can be a bad thing because a company trying to woo investors could be doing that but the marketing material seems to be good.
One the companies reporting late financial results on 5th Feb 2015 for the 31st Dec 2014 quarter. I always feel late reporting companies are not as smart as the ones who report sooner. In fact this is one of the new companies whose December 2014 shareholding patter is also not out yet.
Volume - Total trading volume daily is average at 50L but there are days of 1.2L of trading as well. This makes the stock susceptible to larger mis-pricing up or down factors. The are also days of 19Cr+ of trading.
Price on BSE and NSE sometime varies as well. I don't understand why.
Stock is trading at around 20 times TTM earnings. Now the real estate sector is in the doldrums and this stock is going to be affected by that kind of activity but going forward I think the next 5 years more housing and commercial establishments are going to be established than the last 10.
Unfortunately I think today the margin of safety is absent and the stock is trading around or over what the company is worth.
The demerged financials are also a source of concern - While it is probably possible to create the exact financials of the demerged entity in a spreadsheet - I would put this in the too hard bucket as the valuation on the face of it is high.
NIFTY Price to Earnings (PE) - Overheated yet?
What price does one pay for margins?


text:
Cara – wieś w Rumunii, w okręgu Kluż, w gminie Cojocna. W 2011 roku liczyła 800 mieszkańców.

Przypisy

Wsie w okręgu Kluż


I started working with BNY Mellon in Dublin as a Trusty Administrator the following Autumn .
My current role involves a wide range of duties. On a day to day basis, I reconcile cash balances and process and input trades. I also compose monthly reports and net asset valuations which are then sent onto the client and analysed by investors. Other duties include forseeing currency exchanges and asset swaps.


text:
Glide 'mobile OS' adds new features, new design
By Peter Cohen
TransMedia on Thursday launched Glide OS 3.0, a new version of its "mobile operating system" that provides universal connectivity to your files regardless of where you are or what device you're using to access the files.
Using client software you install on a Mac, Linux, or Windows computer, Glide makes it possible for you to access your data remotely using a cell phone, smart phone, PDA, or other device — everything from media files like photographs and music to data like word processing content, spreadsheets, and more. Glide relies on transcoding technology in order to make the data accessible to you regardless of what platform or device you're using.
Glide OS also features rights management technology that lets you restrict (or un-restrict) access to your files as much as you need to. You can, for example, restrict access to a specific file to be viewed only by a specific user a set number of times, or you can restrict by upload limits, file modification structure, group and project management association, and more.
What's more, Glide OS features 20 applications (developed using so-called Web 2.0 technologies) so you can create content on the go, as well. That includes a photo editor, word processor, presentation software, spreadsheet application, custom e-mail client, project management tool, calendar tool, meeting software, slideshow creator, and more.
Mobile device support in Glide 3.0 now includes more than 75 devices including the iPhone, iPod touch, BlackBerry Pearl, devices from HP, Kyocera, LG, Nokia, Palm, Samsung, Sony Ericsson, and other manufacturers.
Access to Glide-shared data is now governed by a sync application called One, and it works on Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux operating systems. One lets you sync music, documents and photos from your computer to the mobile workspace.
Glide is available for free for up to 5GB of storage capacity. Paid plans are available starting at $4.95 per month or $49.95 per year.