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University Policies and Standards
University Policies & Standards Manual
01 Academics & Faculty Affairs
02 Student Life
03 Business & Finance
04 Governance & Administration
07 Risk Management, Safety, & Facilities
08 Information Technology
Policy Process
Types of Policies
Policy Advisory Group
Executive Policy & Standards Committee
University Policies Regarding Cannabis
University Policy: 07-045 University Policies Regarding Cannabis
Policy Category:
Risk Management, Safety, and Facilities
Responsible Office:
Senior Vice Provost for Faculty Affairs
Responsible Executive:
Download the Policy:
07-045_university_policies_regarding_cannabis.pdf (99.55 KB)
Oregon State University policy prohibits students, employees and members of the general public from possessing, using or distributing marijuana in any form on any of the University's campuses or facilities and during any University activities.
While Oregon law as of July 1, 2015, may allow certain marijuana-related activities, such as limited medical marijuana use and other recreational use and possession, using and possessing marijuana in any form remains a crime under federal law.
Oregon State University's policies related to the use and possession of recreational marijuana has not changed now that the state of Oregon's recreational marijuana law has taken effect.
As a recipient of considerable federal funding, such as financial aid and federal grants and contracts for research, the university is required to continue to prohibit the use and possession and distribution of all federally controlled substances – including marijuana. Consequently, such activity will remain prohibited by university policy and the OSU Student Conduct Code.
At the federal level, the Controlled Substances Act states that the growing and use of marijuana is a crime and federal enforcement agencies can prosecute users and growers of marijuana, regardless of state law. In addition to being a federal offense, the use of medical marijuana in the workplace and on campus is restricted by additional federal laws, such as the federal Safe and Drug Free Schools and Communities Act and the Drug-Free Workplace Act. It is those federal laws that require OSU to prohibit the use of marijuana on campus.
For the convenience and understanding of the University community, OSU's most prominent marijuana-related policies are summarized below.
Departmental Practices and Policies Related to Marijuana
Oregon State University's Student Conduct Code will continue to prohibit the possession, use, or distribution of marijuana, and such activity may result in disciplinary action.
As an employer, Oregon State University will continue to abide by the federal Drug Free Workplace Act, which continues to prohibit the possession, use, manufacturing or distribution of marijuana in the workplace. Any previously applicable University drug testing policies remain unchanged, but no new University policies will be implemented as a result of Measure 91.
ACADEMIC INSTRUCTION
Oregon State University faculty will not instruct students during class or through class materials about how to grow, manufacture, distribute or dispense marijuana.
Oregon State University policy prohibits faculty from conducting research that involves the possession, use, or distribution of marijuana unless such research is in compliance with already established guidelines set forth by federal agencies, including the Drug Enforcement Administration, Federal Drug Administration and National Institute of Drug Abuse. At this time, OSU policy allows faculty to perform research on industrial hemp in compliance with established federal guidelines. Additional guidance on industrial hemp can be found at: https://research.oregonstate.edu/cannabis-research
Oregon State University prohibits the possession, use or distribution of marijuana in residence and dining halls. The University also prohibits the possession of marijuana-related paraphernalia. Marijuana possessed by students on campus will be confiscated and destroyed.
STUDENT JOB POSTINGS
Oregon State University will not advertise, promote, or otherwise coordinate student internships, research or job opportunities with companies involved in the manufacturing, distribution or possession of marijuana.
The 2018 Farm Bill does not provide for the legalization of industrialized hemp production outside of research purposes until a federal regulatory framework is in place, and this is not expected to happen for at least a year. The university currently does not allow the posting of jobs associated with illegal activity. Employers will be allowed to post jobs on OSU sites with the confirmation that they are not engaged in illegal activity and fully compliant with state and federal regulations.
Oregon State will not provide University academic credit for student internships with companies where the students are involved in the manufacturing, distribution, or possession of marijuana.
Undergraduate students may appeal an internship denial to the Vice Provost and Dean of Undergraduate Studies for re-consideration. Graduate students may appeal to the Dean of the Graduate School.
Students are permitted to participate in OSU employment and/or internship opportunities associated with growing and cultivating industrial hemp for academic research purposes, with the following stipulations:
The research/production is permitted and otherwise permissible under the 2014 and 2018 Farm Bill;
The end purpose of the production and cultivation is not for commercial activity; and,
The funding source for the research is approved through the OSU Research Office.
This policy would only provide for employment and academic credit for OSU-affiliated activity, and not be extended to non-OSU affiliated entities covered by the Farm Bill.
OSU EXTENSION PROGRAMS
Oregon State University will hold OSU Extension Service and 4-H volunteers accountable to federal laws and University policies while performing duties on behalf of the university. OSU Extension Services will not provide instruction regarding how to grow, manufacture, distribute or dispense marijuana. Guidance on extension policy for providing instruction on industrial hemp can be found at: https://research.oregonstate.edu/cannabis-research
Adopted: June 30, 2015
Amended: Housekeeping, February 28, 2019
Animals on Campus
Articles Prohibited in Certain Athletic Facilities
Exclusion Appeals
Smoking on University Property
Use of Vehicles, Non-motorized Transportation, and Parking
Weapons and Destructive Devices
University Policy and Standards Program


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Don't Revoke Protection for Congolese Asylum Seekers
On December 30, 2008, human rights organizations petitioned the Jerusalem District Court to annul the Ministry of the Interior's decision to revoke collective protection afforded to Congolese citizens living in Israel. The Hotline for Refugees and Migrants' petition is co-sponsored by HIAS Israel, the Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI), ASSAF (Aid Organization for Refugees and Asylum Seekers in Israel), PHR (Physicians for Human Rights) Israel, and the African Refugee Development Center.
Over the past two decades, a few hundred asylum seekers from the Democratic Republic of the Congo have fled to Israel from war and political and personal persecution. Most of them submitted asylum applications upon their arrival to Israel, which were never reviewed by the Population and Immigration Authority. For over 15 years, the state of Israel has instituted a policy of collective protection for Congolese citizens, and they have legally remained in Israel where they have rehabilitated their lives. On October 7, 2018, without any visible changes in the Congo, the Population and Immigration Authority issued a notice on its website that it was rescinding Congolese civilians' collective protection and that all Congolese citizens would be compelled to leave Israel within 90 days.
In their petition, the organizations claimed that this was a hasty and reckless decision in complete contradiction to reports from reliable sources and international media reports on the harsh reality in the Congo. The organizations further claimed that changing the policy on the basis of an unknown, publicly undisclosed opinion contradicts the Population and Immigration Authority's duty to act reasonably and fairly, basing its decisions on a suitably reliable and factual basis. Moreover, the decision contravenes the provisions of international law regarding collective protection.
When the petition was filed, the Jerusalem District Court issued a temporary order freezing the decision to remove collective protection until another decision was made.
Administrative appeal 69543-12-18 The Hotline for Refugees and Migrants v. The Population and Immigration Authority
Attorneys: Meirav Ben Zeev (HIAS Israel), Inbar Barel (Hotline for Refugees and Migrants)
Lee Yaron, Despite Promise, Israel Sent Deportation Notices to 10 Congolese Asylum Seekers, Haaretz, December 30, 2018
#RefugeesandAsylumSeekers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


An annual report by the nonprofit American Rivers is turning the spotlight on rivers that face threats from the rollback of environmental protections, resource development and other policy decisions.
Every year since 1984, the advocacy organization American Rivers has compiled a list of the 10 most endangered rivers in the U.S. – a distinction that is awarded, in part, based on a major decision that is looming for those rivers in the coming months.
This year, the listed rivers include in the No. 1 spot the Big Sunflower River in Coahoma County, Mississippi, which is threatened by an agricultural drainage project overseen by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers that could damage up to 200,000 acres of wetlands.
Western rivers on the list this year include two Bristol Bay rivers in Alaska (threatened by an open-pit mine), the Lower Rio Grande in Texas (border wall), the South Fork of the Salmon River in Idaho (mining), Montana's Smith River (more mining) and the Colville River (or Kuukpik River) in Alaska (oil).
Water Deeply spoke with Williams to learn more about the threats to Western rivers and the challenges of river conservation work today.
Water Deeply: What's the process for deciding which rivers to pick each year?
Christopher Williams: We take nominations from all over the country. Some are generated by our own staff, some are generated by local river groups or local activists. And we look for rivers, based on three characteristics: One, that the river is nationally or regionally significant. Two, that the river is under imminent threat. And three, that there is some decision that is going to take place while the river is on the list.
Water Deeply: There are rivers from all over the country on your list – Alaska to Mississippi – and they face a variety of threats. Were there any common themes between them?
Williams: The common theme for this year that runs through seven of the 10 rivers is that the fate of these rivers, this year, is tied to the Trump administration and its allies in Congress either reversing an old decision or making a new decision regarding a river.
In the 33 years we have been doing this list, at least in my experience, this particular administration and its allies in Congress are among the most anti-environmental protection that we've faced. This plays out across air, water, land, and this list demonstrates how it's really playing out in terms of river conservation.
Water Deeply: One of the rivers on your list this year is the Lower Rio Grande in Texas, which is in the spotlight because of Trump's border wall. What would the environmental impacts of that be?
Williams: One of the biggest issues with the wall is you're building the wall right through the middle of an ecosystem. You're cutting off wildlife movement of everything from ocelot to jaguarundi to pronghorn, you name it.
On the Lower Rio Grande, there was the latest appropriation that was approved by Congress for the building of an additional 30 miles of wall. That essentially is a levee bollard fence, which is a small levee with a metal fence on top that's built right through the middle of a floodplain. So you're essentially cutting the river off from its floodplain. You're cutting wildlife off from the river, you're cutting local communities and sometimes local property owners off from the river.
By building a structure in the floodplain, you're potentially aggravating flooding, you're potentially aggravating erosion.
Water Deeply: What kind of environmental review process is there?
Williams: One of the real problematic aspects of the wall construction is that those potential environmental impacts will most likely not be completely studied and not be completely known, because there is a law on the books that allows the Department of Homeland Security to bypass all environmental reviews when they are building a wall.
Congress did approve money to build this 30 miles of wall in the Lower Rio Grande valley, but that's just the beginning if Trump gets all the money he wants. You're looking at not only new wall construction in the Lower Rio Grande, but the Middle Rio Grande, moving up toward potentially Big Bend National Park, where all the those problems I just mentioned could manifest in one of the absolute crown jewels of the national park system.
Water Deeply: Many of the other rivers in the West are threatened or in danger because of proposed resource extraction, like the Smith River in Montana.
Williams: The Smith River is one of the most beloved rivers in Montana. It doesn't have a lot of big water, so it's a great place if you want to float a river and it has world-class fishing. It's under threat by a copper mine.
It's up to the Montana Department of Environmental Quality to look at this mine very closely to make absolutely certain that if a mine goes forward there, it's managed in such a way that it doesn't damage that river.
Water Deeply: It was interesting to see that the Nushagak and Kvichak rivers of Bristol Bay, Alaska, are on the list because of the proposed Pebble Mine, which is a project that people have fought for years and years because of its threats to the largest run of wild sockeye salmon. What's happening there?
Williams: A decision that was made by the Obama administration, by Gina McCarthy's EPA, that essentially said: 'This project is so destructive we're going to veto it, we're going to use our EPA Clean Water Act veto authority to stop this.' And so, that was it, it was stopped cold. But the Trump administration essentially reversed that decision, and now the permitting process for an incredibly destructive mine is going forward.
The proponents of the mine are essentially the mining company, and that's about it. There's opposition from the state of Alaska, from Native American groups, from recreational fishers, from commercial fishers. This is a fishery worth $1.5 billion annually and 14,000 jobs.
Water Deeply: What's the big picture look like right now for organizations like yours that are advocating for river conservation?
Williams: At the national level, our organization is working to protect the suite of environmental laws that are under assault by the Trump administration and allies in Congress. For example, our organization worked for years to get the Clean Water Rule put into place that protects small rivers and streams and wetlands that are sources for drinking water for 100 million Americans. Working with the Obama administration, we got that regulation put into place, that cleared up the Clean Water Act's authority to protect those rivers and streams, and that Clean Water Rule has been a primary target for rollback by President Trump and EPA administrator Scott Pruitt.
That's just one example. I believe it's now 30-plus environmental rules that the administration has rolled back and attempted to roll back.


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Ethernet is a family of frame-based computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). The name comes from the physical concept of the ether. It defines a number of wiring and signaling standards for the Physical Layer of the OSI networking model, through means of network access at the Media Access Control (MAC) /Data Link Layer, and a common addressing format.
Ethernet is standardized as IEEE 802.3. The combination of the twisted pair versions of Ethernet for connecting end systems to the network, along with the fiber optic versions for site backbones, is the most widespread wired LAN technology. It has been in use from around 1980 to the present, largely replacing competing LAN standards such as token ring, FDDI, and ARCNET.
Ethernet was originally developed at Xerox PARC in 1973?1975. In 1975, Xerox filed a patent application listing Robert Metcalfe, David Boggs, Chuck Thacker and Butler Lampson as inventors (U.S. Patent 4,063,220: Multipoint data communication system (with collision detection)). In 1976, after the system was deployed at PARC, Metcalfe and Boggs published a seminal paper.
The experimental Ethernet described in that paper ran at 3 Mbit/s, and had eight-bit destination and source address fields, so the original Ethernet addresses were not the MAC addresses they are today. By software convention, the 16 bits after the destination and source address fields were a packet type field, but, as the paper says, "different protocols use disjoint sets of packet types", so those were packet types within a given protocol, rather than the packet type in current Ethernet which specifies the protocol being used.
Metcalfe left Xerox in 1979 to promote the use of personal computers and local area networks (LANs), forming 3Com. He convinced DEC, Intel, and Xerox to work together to promote Ethernet as a standard, the so-called "DIX" standard, for "Digital/Intel/Xerox"; it specified the 10 megabits/second Ethernet, with 48-bit destination and source addresses and a global 16-bit type field. The first standard draft was first published on September 30, 1980 within IEEE. It competed with two largely proprietary systems, Token Ring and Token Bus. To get over delays of the finalization of the Ethernet CSMA/CD standard due to the difficult decision processes in the "open" IEEE and due to the competitive Token Ring proposal strongly supported by IBM, support of CSMA/CD in other standardization bodies, i.e. ECMA, IEC and ISO was instrumental for its success. Proprietary systems soon found themselves buried under a tidal wave of Ethernet products. In the process, 3Com became a major company. 3COM built the first 10 Mbit/s Ethernet adapter (1981), followed quickly by Digital Equipment's Unibus to Ethernet adapter.
Twisted-pair Ethernet systems have been developed since the mid-80s, beginning with StarLAN, but becoming widely known with 10BASE-T. These systems replaced the coaxial cable on which early Ethernets were deployed with a system of hubs linked with unshielded twisted pair (UTP), ultimately replacing the CSMA/CD scheme in favor of a switched full duplex system offering higher performance.
Notwithstanding its technical merits, timely standardization was instrumental to the success of Ethernet. It required well-coordinated and partly competitive activities in several standardization bodies such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA), the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and finally the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO).
In February 1980, IEEE started a project IEEE 802 for the standardization of Local Area Networks (LAN).
The "DIX-group" with Gary Robinson (DEC), Phil Arst (Intel) and Bob Printis (Xerox) submitted the so-called "Blue Book" CSMA/CD specification as candidate for the LAN specification. Since IEEE membership is open to all professionals including students, the group received countless comments on this brand-new technology.
In addition to CSMA/CD, Token Ring supported by IBM and Token Bus selected and henceforward supported by General Motors were also considered as candidates for a LAN standard. Due to the goal of IEEE 802 to forward only one standard and due to the strong company support for all three designs the necessary agreement on a LAN standard was significantly delayed.
In the Ethernet camp, it put at risk the market introduction of Xerox Star computing system and 3Com's Ethernet LAN products. With such business implications in mind, David Liddle (GM Xerox Office Systems) and Bob Metcalfe (3Com) strongly supported a proposal of Fritz Röscheisen (Siemens Private Networks) for an alliance in the emerging office communication market, including Siemens' support for the international standardization of Ethernet (April 10, 1981). Ingrid Fromm, Siemens representative to IEEE 802 quickly achieved broader support for Ethernet beyond IEEE by the establishment of a competing Task Group "Local Networks" within the European standards body ECMA TC24. As early as March 1982 ECMA TC24 with its corporate members reached agreement on a standard for CSMA/CD based on the IEEE 802 draft. The speedy action taken by ECMA decisively contributed to the conciliation of opinions within IEEE and approval of IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD by the end of 1982.
Approval of Ethernet on international level was achieved by a similar, cross-partisan action with Fromm as liaison officer between the International Electrotechnical Commission IEC TC83 and ISO TC97SC6, the International Standard ISO/IEEE 802/3 was approved in 1984.
A 1990s network interface card. This is a combination card that supports both coaxial-based using a 10BASE2 (BNC connector, left) and twisted pair-based 10BASE-T, using an RJ45 (8P8C modular connector, right).Ethernet was originally based on the idea of computers communicating over a shared coaxial cable acting as a broWNOast transmission medium. The methods used show some similarities to radio systems, although there are fundamental differences, such as the fact that it is much easier to detect collisions in a cable broWNOast system than a radio broWNOast. The common cable providing the communication channel was likened to the ether and it was from this reference that the name "Ethernet" was derived.
From this early and comparatively simple concept, Ethernet evolved into the complex networking technology that today underlies most LANs. The coaxial cable was replaced with point-to-point links connected by Ethernet hubs and/or switches to reduce installation costs, increase reliability, and enable point-to-point management and troubleshooting. StarLAN was the first step in the evolution of Ethernet from a coaxial cable bus to a hub-managed, twisted-pair network. The advent of twisted-pair wiring dramatically lowered installation costs relative to competing technologies, including the older Ethernet technologies.
Above the physical layer, Ethernet stations communicate by sending each other data packets, blocks of data that are individually sent and delivered. As with other IEEE 802 LANs, each Ethernet station is given a single 48-bit MAC address, which is used to specify both the destination and the source of each data packet. Network interface cards (NICs) or chips normally do not accept packets addressed to other Ethernet stations. Adapters generally come programmed with a globally unique address, but this can be overridden, either to avoid an address change when an adapter is replaced, or to use locally administered addresses.
Despite the significant changes in Ethernet from a thick coaxial cable bus running at 10 Mbit/s to point-to-point links running at 1 Gbit/s and beyond, all generations of Ethernet (excluding early experimental versions) share the same frame formats (and hence the same interface for higher layers), and can be readily interconnected.
Due to the ubiquity of Ethernet, the ever-decreasing cost of the hardware needed to support it, and the reduced panel space needed by twisted pair Ethernet, most manufacturers now build the functionality of an Ethernet card directly into PC motherboards, eliminating the need for installation of a separate network card.
Ethernet originally used a shared coaxial cable (the shared medium) winding around a building or campus to every attached machine. A scheme known as carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) governed the way the computers shared the channel. This scheme was simpler than the competing token ring or token bus technologies. When a computer wanted to send some information, it used the following algorithm:
Computers were connected to an Attachment Unit Interface (AUI) transceiver, which was in turn connected to the cable (later with thin Ethernet the transceiver was integrated into the network adapter). While a simple passive wire was highly reliable for small Ethernets, it was not reliable for large extended networks, where damage to the wire in a single place, or a single bad connector, could make the whole Ethernet segment unusable. Multipoint systems are also prone to very strange failure modes when an electrical discontinuity reflects the signal in such a manner that some nodes would work properly while others work slowly because of excessive retries or not at all (see standing wave for an explanation of why); these could be much more painful to diagnose than a complete failure of the segment. Debugging such failures often involved several people crawling around wiggling connectors while others watched the displays of computers running a ping command and shouted out reports as performance changed.
Since all communications happen on the same wire, any information sent by one computer is received by all, even if that information is intended for just one destination. The network interface card interrupts the CPU only when applicable packets are received: the card ignores information not addressed to it unless it is put into "promiscuous mode". This "one speaks, all listen" property is a security weakness of shared-medium Ethernet, since a node on an Ethernet network can eavesdrop on all traffic on the wire if it so chooses. Use of a single cable also means that the bandwidth is shared, so that network traffic can slow to a crawl when, for example, the network and nodes restart after a power failure.
For signal degradation and timing reasons, coaxial Ethernet segments had a restricted size which depended on the medium used. For example, 10BASE5 coax cables had a maximum length of 500 meters (1,640 ft). Also, as was the case with most other high-speed buses, Ethernet segments had to be terminated with a resistor at each end. For coaxial-cable-based Ethernet, each end of the cable had a 50 ohm (?) resistor attached. Typically this resistor was built into a male BNC or N connector and attached to the last device on the bus, or, if vampire taps were in use, to the end of the cable just past the last device. If termination was not done, or if there was a break in the cable, the AC signal on the bus was reflected, rather than dissipated, when it reached the end. This reflected signal was indistinguishable from a collision, and so no communication would be able to take place.
A greater length could be obtained by an Ethernet repeater, which took the signal from one Ethernet cable and repeated it onto another cable. If a collision was detected, the repeater transmitted a jam signal onto all ports to ensure collision detection. Repeaters could be used to connect segments such that there were up to five Ethernet segments between any two hosts, three of which could have attached devices. Repeaters could detect an improperly terminated link from the continuous collisions and stop forwarding data from it. Hence they alleviated the problem of cable breakages: when an Ethernet coax segment broke, while all devices on that segment were unable to communicate, repeaters allowed the other segments to continue working - although depending on which segment was broken and the layout of the network the partitioning that resulted may have made other segments unable to reach important servers and thus effectively useless.
People recognized the advantages of cabling in a star topology, primarily that only faults at the star point will result in a badly partitioned network, and network vendors started creating repeaters having multiple ports, thus reducing the number of repeaters required at the star point. Multiport Ethernet repeaters became known as "Ethernet hubs". Network vendors such as DEC and SynOptics sold hubs that connected many 10BASE2 thin coaxial segments. There were also "multi-port transceivers" or "fan-outs". These could be connected to each other and/or a coax backbone. A well-known early example was DEC's DELNI. These devices allowed multiple hosts with AUI connections to share a single transceiver. They also allowed creation of a small standalone Ethernet segment without using a coaxial cable.
A twisted pair Cat-3 or Cat-5 cable is used to connect 10BASE-T EthernetEthernet on unshielded twisted-pair cables (UTP), beginning with StarLAN and continuing with 10BASE-T, was designed for point-to-point links only and all termination was built into the device. This changed hubs from a specialist device used at the center of large networks to a device that every twisted pair-based network with more than two machines had to use. The tree structure that resulted from this made Ethernet networks more reliable by preventing faults with (but not deliberate misbehavior of) one peer or its associated cable from affecting other devices on the network, although a failure of a hub or an inter-hub link could still affect lots of users. Also, since twisted pair Ethernet is point-to-point and terminated inside the hardware, the total empty panel space required around a port is much reduced, making it easier to design hubs with lots of ports and to integrate Ethernet onto computer motherboards.
Despite the physical star topology, hubbed Ethernet networks still use half-duplex and CSMA/CD, with only minimal activity by the hub, primarily the Collision Enforcement signal, in dealing with packet collisions. Every packet is sent to every port on the hub, so bandwidth and security problems aren't addressed. The total throughput of the hub is limited to that of a single link and all links must operate at the same speed.
Collisions reduce throughput by their very nature. In the worst case, when there are lots of hosts with long cables that attempt to transmit many short frames, excessive collisions can reduce throughput dramatically. However, a Xerox report in 1980 summarized the results of having 20 fast nodes attempting to transmit packets of various sizes as quickly as possible on the same Ethernet segment. The results showed that, even for the smallest Ethernet frames (64B), 90% throughput on the LAN was the norm. This is in comparison with token passing LANs (token ring, token bus), all of which suffer throughput degradation as each new node comes into the LAN, due to token waits.
This report was controversial, as modeling showed that collision-based networks became unstable under loads as low as 40% of nominal capacity. Many early researchers failed to understand the subtleties of the CSMA/CD protocol and how important it was to get the details right, and were really modeling somewhat different networks (usually not as good as real Ethernet).
While repeaters could isolate some aspects of Ethernet segments, such as cable breakages, they still forwarded all traffic to all Ethernet devices. This created practical limits on how many machines could communicate on an Ethernet network. Also as the entire network was one collision domain and all hosts had to be able to detect collisions anywhere on the network, and the number of repeaters between the farthest nodes was limited. Finally segments joined by repeaters had to all operate at the same speed, making phased-in upgrades impossible.
To alleviate these problems, bridging was created to communicate at the data link layer while isolating the physical layer. With bridging, only well-formed Ethernet packets are forwarded from one Ethernet segment to another; collisions and packet errors are isolated. Bridges learn where devices are, by watching MAC addresses, and do not forward packets across segments when they know the destination address is not located in that direction.
Prior to discovery of network devices on the different segments, Ethernet bridges (and switches) work somewhat like Ethernet hubs, passing all traffic between segments. However, as the bridge discovers the addresses associated with each port, it only forwards network traffic to the necessary segments, improving overall performance. BroWNOast traffic is still forwarded to all network segments. Bridges also overcame the limits on total segments between two hosts and allowed the mixing of speeds, both of which became very important with the introduction of Fast Ethernet.
Early bridges examined each packet one by one using software on a CPU, and some of them were significantly slower than hubs (multi-port repeaters) at forwarding traffic, especially when handling many ports at the same time. This was in part due to the fact that the entire Ethernet packet would be read into a buffer, the destination address compared with an internal table of known MAC addresses and a decision made as to whether to drop the packet or forward it to another or all segments.
In 1989 the networking company Kalpana introduced their EtherSwitch, the first Ethernet switch. This worked somewhat differently from an Ethernet bridge, in that only the header of the incoming packet would be examined before it was either dropped or forwarded to another segment. This greatly reduced the forwarding latency and the processing load on the network device. One drawback of this cut-through switching method was that packets that had been corrupted at a point beyond the header could still be propagated through the network, so a jabbering station could continue to disrupt the entire network. The remedy for this was to make available store-and-forward switching, where the packet would be read into a buffer on the switch in its entirety, verified against its checksum and then forwarded. This was essentially a return to the original approach of bridging, but with the advantage of more powerful, application-specific processors being used. Hence the bridging is then done in hardware, allowing packets to be forwarded at full wire speed. It is important to remember that the term switch was invented by device manufacturers and does not appear in the 802.3 standard.
Since packets are typically only delivered to the port they are intended for, traffic on a switched Ethernet is slightly less public than on shared-medium Ethernet. Despite this, switched Ethernet should still be regarded as an insecure network technology, because it is easy to subvert switched Ethernet systems by means such as ARP spoofing and MAC flooding. The bandwidth advantages, the slightly better isolation of devices from each other, the ability to easily mix different speeds of devices and the elimination of the chaining limits inherent in non-switched Ethernet have made switched Ethernet the dominant network technology.
When a twisted pair or fiber link segment is used and neither end is connected to a hub, full-duplex Ethernet becomes possible over that segment. In full duplex mode both devices can transmit and receive to/from each other at the same time, and there is no collision domain. This doubles the aggregate bandwidth of the link and is sometimes advertised as double the link speed (e.g. 200 Mbit/s) to account for this. However, this is misleading as performance will only double if traffic patterns are symmetrical (which in reality they rarely are). The elimination of the collision domain also means that all the link's bandwidth can be used and that segment length is not limited by the need for correct collision detection (this is most significant with some of the fiber variants of Ethernet).
In the early days of Fast Ethernet, Ethernet switches were relatively expensive devices. Hubs suffered from the problem that if there were any 10BASE-T devices connected then the whole network needed to run at 10 Mbit/s. Therefore a compromise between a hub and a switch was developed, known as a dual speed hub. These devices consisted of an internal two-port switch, dividing the 10BASE-T (10 Mbit/s) and 100BASE-T (100 Mbit/s) segments. The device would typically consist of more than two physical ports. When a network device becomes active on any of the physical ports, the device attaches it to either the 10BASE-T segment or the 100BASE-T segment, as appropriate. This prevented the need for an all-or-nothing migration from 10BASE-T to 100BASE-T networks. These devices are hubs because the traffic between devices connected at the same speed is not switched.
The autonegotiation standard contained a mechanism for detecting the speed but not the duplex setting of an Ethernet peer that did not use autonegotiation. An autonegotiating device defaults to half duplex, when the remote does not negotiate, as the remote peer is assumed to be a hub (which always has autonegotiation disabled and supports only half duplex mode). If the remote is operating in half duplex mode this works. But if remote is in full duplex mode, this generates a duplex mismatch. When two interfaces are connected and set to different "duplex" modes, the effect of the duplex mismatch is a network that works, but is much slower than its nominal speed, and generates more collisions. The primary rule for avoiding this is to never set one end of a connection to a forced full duplex setting and the other end to autonegotiation.
Interoperability problems lead some network administrators to manually fix the mode of operation of interfaces on network devices. What would happen is that some device would fail to autonegotiate and therefore had to be set into one setting or another. This often led to duplex setting mismatches. In particular, when two interfaces are connected to each other with one set to autonegotiation and one set to full duplex mode, a duplex mismatch results because the autonegotiation process fails and half duplex is assumed. The interface in full duplex mode then transmits at the same time as receiving, and the interface in half duplex mode then gives up on transmitting a frame. The interface in half duplex mode is not ready to receive a frame, so it signals a collision, and transmissions are halted, for amounts of time based on backoff (random wait times) algorithms. When both packets start trying to transmit again, they interfere again and the backoff strategy may result in a longer and longer wait time before attempting to transmit again; eventually a transmission succeeds but this then causes the flood and collisions to resume.
Because of the wait times, the effect of a duplex mismatch is a network that is not completely 'broken' but is incredibly slow. This bad behaviour can be tolerated on low traffic link, but is really dramatic under heavy bandwidth transfer attempt, and can lead to a complete stop of the traffic.
While auto negotiation is not required for 10/100 Mbit/s, it is recommended as default behaviour by IEEE 802.3u. However, 1000baseT devices require autonegotiation to be active to elect the clock master (source of timing). Enabing autonegotiation on every node eases transition from 10/100Mbit/s to 1000baseT switch and LAN. There are no disadvantages of keeping autonegotiation active on all devices, because complete physical link behaviours are controlled through autonegotiation (speed, duplex, clock master and flow control). For example, to force a single speed link you can keep negotiation on, but negotiate only one speed. So the old method with autonegotiation off is deprecated everywhere, on switch and LAN cards.
© 2019 WideNet Outfitters. All rights reserved.


text:
#include "cartographer/mapping/internal/3d/scan_matching/rotation_delta_cost_functor_3d.h"

#include <array>

#include "gtest/gtest.h"

namespace cartographer {
namespace mapping {
namespace scan_matching {
namespace {

constexpr double kPrecision = 1e-8;

double ComputeRotationDeltaSquaredCost(
    const Eigen::Quaterniond& rotation, const double scaling_factor,
    const Eigen::Quaterniond& target_rotation) {
  std::unique_ptr<ceres::CostFunction> cost_function(
      RotationDeltaCostFunctor3D::CreateAutoDiffCostFunction(scaling_factor,
                                                             target_rotation));
  const std::array<double, 4> parameter_quaternion = {
      {rotation.w(), rotation.x(), rotation.y(), rotation.z()}};
  const std::vector<const double*> parameters = {parameter_quaternion.data()};
  std::vector<double> residuals(cost_function->num_residuals());
  EXPECT_TRUE(cost_function->Evaluate(parameters.data(), residuals.data(),
                                      nullptr /* jacobian */));
  double sum_of_squares = 0;
  for (double residual : residuals) {
    sum_of_squares += residual * residual;
  }
  return sum_of_squares;
}

TEST(RotationDeltaCostFunctor3DTest, SameRotationGivesZeroCost) {
  EXPECT_NEAR(
      0.,
      ComputeRotationDeltaSquaredCost(Eigen::Quaterniond::Identity(), 1.0,
                                      Eigen::Quaterniond::Identity()),
      kPrecision);

  Eigen::Quaterniond rotation(
      Eigen::AngleAxisd(0.9, Eigen::Vector3d(0.2, 0.1, 0.3).normalized()));
  EXPECT_NEAR(0., ComputeRotationDeltaSquaredCost(rotation, 1.0, rotation),
              kPrecision);
}

TEST(RotationDeltaCostFunctor3DTest, ComputesCorrectCost) {
  double scaling_factor = 1.2;
  double angle = 0.8;
  Eigen::Quaterniond rotation(
      Eigen::AngleAxisd(angle, Eigen::Vector3d(0.2, 0.1, 0.8).normalized()));
  Eigen::Quaterniond target_rotation(
      Eigen::AngleAxisd(0.2, Eigen::Vector3d(-0.5, 0.3, 0.4).normalized()));
  double expected_cost = std::pow(scaling_factor * std::sin(angle / 2.0), 2);
  EXPECT_NEAR(expected_cost,
              ComputeRotationDeltaSquaredCost(rotation, scaling_factor,
                                              Eigen::Quaterniond::Identity()),
              kPrecision);
  EXPECT_NEAR(expected_cost,
              ComputeRotationDeltaSquaredCost(target_rotation * rotation,
                                              scaling_factor, target_rotation),
              kPrecision);
  EXPECT_NEAR(expected_cost,
              ComputeRotationDeltaSquaredCost(rotation * target_rotation,
                                              scaling_factor, target_rotation),
              kPrecision);
}

}  // namespace
}  // namespace scan_matching
}  // namespace mapping
}  // namespace cartographer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Ahmed Abu Hussein
Ahmed Abu Hussein, a Palestinian photojournalist, died on April 25, 2018, from bullet wounds to his abdomen sustained on April 13, 2018, while he was covering protests in the northern Gaza city of Jabalia for Voice of the People Radio, according to news reports.
After Abu Hussein was hit with a live round, he was taken in critical condition to the Indonesian Hospital in Jabalia for treatment and on April 15 was transferred to the Palestinian Medical Compound in Ramallah, according to Palestinian journalist Moneeb Saada, news reports, and social media posts.
On April 19, the journalist was taken to the Tel Hashomer Hospital in the Israeli city of Ramat Gan, east of Tel Aviv where he died six days later, according to news reports and the Palestinian Journalist Syndicate.
Abu Hussein, who was wearing a vest marked "PRESS" and a helmet, was standing among civilians and taking pictures of the burning of tires from behind the protest when he was shot, according to the reports.
For three years, Abu Hussein covered Palestinian politics and social and youth issues for Voice of the People Radio, a Gaza-based radio station affiliated with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, and other local media outlets, according to his colleague at the radio station, Yousef Anbar.
Israeli authorities have not responded to CPJ's requests for comment.
UN commission: Israeli snipers 'intentionally shot' Palestinian journalists in 2018, killing 2
Three Palestinian photojournalists injured covering Gaza protests since November 19
Palestinian journalist assaulted while covering pro-Gaza protests in Haifa
Palestinian journalist shot while covering Gaza protests
Five Palestinian journalists injured in week 6 of Gaza protests


text:
The City Slicker – Land Rover New Discovery
After 28 years the square-jawed Land Rover Discovery has had a radical style change for its fifth rendition. I discover that the new model has a very different character.
In 1989 Land Rover (not yet named the Defender) had been around for 41 years and the Range Rover for 20. The Japanese were invading the 4×4 market so the British brand struck back with the Discovery, the golden middle between Land Rover and Range Rover. 28 years later 1.2 million units have been sold over four generations. Time for the fifth edition, named the New Discovery, and a radical design change. Land Rover's chief designer has Gerry McGoverned it, so at first glance it's more of a new Evoque model than a new Disco. The square-edged eccentricity is gone. Goodbye 4×4, hello SUV. The new groomed city slicker has lost character, but is still a technological marvel. It is built on the Range Rover Sport platform, the one with aluminium architecture. It's grown longer by 14cm, while losing a considerable amount of weight, 480kgs to be exact. The ride comfort is much better than before, helped by the optional air suspension. The terrain response is brilliant, and the wading depth is an impressive 90cm. What we have here is an extremely capable SUV with Land Rover genes – a proper 7-seater family car that can pull 3.5 tons of trailer weight.
But is it still a Discovery? Die-hard Land Rover fans, who barely fathomed the fact that the legendary Defender left the scene in 2016, will frown upon the new look. They identify their adventure rides with the full-bearded professional explorer Kingsley Holgate, who is the brand ambassador for Land Rover. They will miss the adventurous Discoveries of Camel Trophy fame. None of them will imagine bolting a ladder to the now single back door of the New Discovery or fit a bull-bar to the front. I believe that the New Discovery is still Kingsley Holgate, albeit less hairier.This is one is shaved, groomed and suited.
Land Rover Discovery TDV6 & Si6
Engine3.0-l. 4cyl. turbo diesel/3.0-l. V6 supercharged
Power190/250kW and 600/450Nm
Top Speed209/215 km/h
0-100km/h8.1/7.1 seconds
Pricefrom R980 000 to R1 457 500
landrover.co.za
By Dieter|2017-11-20T08:06:17+00:00November 20th, 2017|English Writing, Car review|Comments Off on The City Slicker – Land Rover New Discovery


Snow whte flat rver rock pebble mosac tle 22 sq ft flat pebble tile are amazing options to apply on your Tile in present day style and design. The dark and light flat pebble tile colour mix is effective to attract slick and contemporary look in clean surface. For those that like white and black colors, this thought of designing Tile cupboards flat pebble tile will likely soon be perfect to select. Black color will be your dark color which is not appropriate for interior for a number of individuals.
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When we report on what a news anchor states or a news source says, it's always risky. Hence the reason we always put in the headline we are quoting from; you never know, things could change- it's a chance all journalists take.
Childhood Vaccination Schedules Are Completely Out of Control and Dangerous!
This pretty much describes the CDC Childhood Immunization Schedule since 1950.
On February 1, 2016, the insanity continued as the CDC hiked the childhood immunization schedule even further by adding another 3 vaccinations and lowering the age for the first HPV jab (Gardasil) to 9 years old. The total is now an outrageous 74 doses (53 injections) by age 17, an increase of 24X since 1950.
The herbal supplement known as kratom has become a popular over-the-counter alternative treatment for chronic pain. Some people also claim it's effective at alleviating symptoms of coughing, diarrhea, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress. Although the Food and Drug Administration has claimed to link kratom to a few dozen overdose deaths, the National Institute on Drug Abuse points out that those cases involve adulterated doses and multiple drug interactions. There appear to be no clear cases of fatal overdose on kratom alone. No matter how many people use kratom safely and effectively, however, regulators focus only on the possibility of abuse. Their solution? Prohibition, of course.
We had already been treated to a preview of Apple's financial earnings report for Q1'19 back on January 2, when the company issued its first profits warning since 2002. The bad news had already had time to settle, and for the market corrections to happen. But what was really interesting is that the iPhone sales drop happened at what was otherwise a strong quarter. Another thing that was noteworthy is that Apple CEO Tim Cook is finally ready to acknowledge that iPhone pricing may have played a part in the decline.
If you've been feeling like you just don't have enough "smart" devices spying on you every day, I have great news. "Smart coolers" may be coming to a store near you.
Years ago, you would have sounded like a lunatic if you said that a refrigerator was watching you. But, like other new technology, yesterday's serious mental health symptom is today's reality.
No. The problem with the sugarless gummy bears is their unfortunate side effect of gastrointestinal distress. Or, to put it less delicately: extreme, debilitating diarrhea.
One reviewer compared the flatulence he experienced to "trumpets calling the demons back to Hell." Another said digesting the gummy bears felt like a "violent hurricane… in my lower intestine." A third suggested that the diarrhea-inducing gummy bears made an "ideal gift for your Congressional Representatives." The product page has nearly 1,000 reviews like this.
Yet another recall has hit the shelves of a store near you. This time, it's something that may surprise you. It's uncut fresh fruit.
The FDA has announced that peaches, nectarines, and plums sold in more than a dozen states could potentially be tainted with Listeria monocytogenes. Here are the states and stores affected.
U VILL B VACCINATED!!! EEFEN EEF EET KEELS U!
Forced Vaccinations Remember the Disneyland measles outbreak in California a couple of years ago? Well, even those who were vaccinated got the measles. This article is a heads up that freedom to choose is about to go down the tubes – all for the perceived benefit of vaccines. Follow the money – who makes out like a bandit? Of course, it's BIG PHARMA stealing your money, destroying your health and lying through their teeth the whole while as they own the television stations (advertising dollars speak very loudly), and they own the politicians who make the laws that force you to use the vaccines for which Planned Parenthood provides fetal tissue in the production. Not only that, but BIG Pharma has been exempted from law suits for damages from vaccines. GET THE POINT?
Here, McKenna expounds on the idea that television is a drug that is having negative consequences on individuals and on society at large.
Who exactly is going to benefit from the roll out of 5G technology?
The Pharmaceutical industry's dirty little secret. The data from thousands of clinical trials, often publicly funded, are never disclosed. Instead, the industry cherry-picks trial data to exclude evidence of ineffectiveness or adverse effects.
The EWG analyzed nearly 50,000 public water systems in all 50 US states.
n a 357-22 vote on Tuesday, the House of Representatives voted overwhelmingly to pass the NATO Support Act, which expressed Congressional support for the alliance and forbids any funding for any move by the US to withdraw from NATO.
This is to ensure that the coming wars may have enough troop strength to fight them, until the US resumes the draft.
It also makes me think that NATO is very concerned about the new EU Army, created last week, courtesy of France's Macron and Germany's Angela Merkel.
As the today's Apple continues to push its prices ever higher, the company might want to look at its own past as well as the present for the consequences.
Big news for activists who've been for years petitioning the major retailers.
"Dammit! That use to be good whiskey.
Twitter finally admits it. They coordinate with other Big tech companies on how to conduct their Censorship.
Tesla is recalling 14,213 Model S vehicles produced between 2014 and 2016 over defective airbags that could blow up and send shrapnel into the driver's and front seat passenger's faces, a Chinese watchdog has said.
The measure is a part of an industry-wide recall of Takata airbags, whose safety woes have been plaguing the automotive industry since at least 2013.
The company, which at one point held 20 percent of the airbag market, went bankrupt in 2017 after recalling more than 100 million cars, including 70 million in the US. It was taken over by car parts maker Key Safety Systems (KSS).
FDA Allows aspartame, a seizure triggering drugto be added to anti-seizure medication!
I don't know how much you know about all the fraud involving aspartame, the reason FDA asked for an indictment against G. D. Searle, but I'm giving you some information of the goings on from Mission Possible Holland: http://www.aspartaam.nl/ artikelen_eng/histfaq.php You will note it says the list of pivotal studies were protected. Later it was released.
Barbara Alexander Mullarkey, a columnist for the Wednesday Journal of Oak Park, Illinois, and author of Bittersweet Aspartame: A Diet Delusion , wrote the FDA for a list of the pivotal studies that approved aspartame. A letter from Dr. Rudolph Harris of the FDA  included SC 18862, a 52 Week Oral Toxicity Study in the Infant Monkey . Seven were fed aspartame, five had grand mal seizures, and one died. The FDA report of 92 symptoms lists four types of seizures.
Dr. Sharon Goldberg, an internal medicine physician & professor, is one of many professionals and concerned humans who are speaking a very important truth to power right now.
When a nine-year old accidentally had gasoline splashed in her eyes, her mother immediately drove her to the closest hospital emergency room. They were directed to the eyewash station but it was so dirty they couldn't use it, so Brianna's mom rinsed her daughter's eyes at a regular sink. Turns out, they would have been better off using the gas station's eyewash, which was free. The ER sink cost $1,400: the hospital charged $600 and the ER doctor fee was $800 (for walking into the room, saying Brianna needed an eyewash station and walking out). Upcoding has become common practice, resulting in emergency room overcharges and increased health costs for everyone.
AMAZON'S virtual assistant Alexa stopped working for some users around the world on Wednesday morning.
The mysterious outage meant that Alexa – typically controlled by voice – was "ignoring" user requests.
There are currently 5 users and 1110 guests online.


text:
package com.amazonaws.services.lookoutmetrics.model;

import java.io.Serializable;
import javax.annotation.Generated;
import com.amazonaws.protocol.StructuredPojo;
import com.amazonaws.protocol.ProtocolMarshaller;

/**
 *

 * Contains information about a detector's configuration.
 *

 *
 * @see AWS API Documentation
 */
@Generated("com.amazonaws:aws-java-sdk-code-generator")
public class AnomalyDetectorConfig implements Serializable, Cloneable, StructuredPojo {

    /**
     *

     * The frequency at which the detector analyzes its source data.
     *

     */
    private String anomalyDetectorFrequency;

    /**
     *

     * The frequency at which the detector analyzes its source data.
     *

     *
     * @param anomalyDetectorFrequency
     *        The frequency at which the detector analyzes its source data.
     * @see Frequency
     */

    public void setAnomalyDetectorFrequency(String anomalyDetectorFrequency) {
        this.anomalyDetectorFrequency = anomalyDetectorFrequency;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The frequency at which the detector analyzes its source data.
     *

     *
     * @return The frequency at which the detector analyzes its source data.
     * @see Frequency
     */

    public String getAnomalyDetectorFrequency() {
        return this.anomalyDetectorFrequency;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The frequency at which the detector analyzes its source data.
     *

     *
     * @param anomalyDetectorFrequency
     *        The frequency at which the detector analyzes its source data.
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     * @see Frequency
     */

    public AnomalyDetectorConfig withAnomalyDetectorFrequency(String anomalyDetectorFrequency) {
        setAnomalyDetectorFrequency(anomalyDetectorFrequency);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     *

     * The frequency at which the detector analyzes its source data.
     *

     *
     * @param anomalyDetectorFrequency
     *        The frequency at which the detector analyzes its source data.
     * @return Returns a reference to this object so that method calls can be chained together.
     * @see Frequency
     */

    public AnomalyDetectorConfig withAnomalyDetectorFrequency(Frequency anomalyDetectorFrequency) {
        this.anomalyDetectorFrequency = anomalyDetectorFrequency.toString();
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Returns a string representation of this object. This is useful for testing and debugging. Sensitive data will be
     * redacted from this string using a placeholder value.
     *
     * @return A string representation of this object.
     *
     * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
     */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        sb.append("{");
        if (getAnomalyDetectorFrequency() != null)
            sb.append("AnomalyDetectorFrequency: ").append(getAnomalyDetectorFrequency());
        sb.append("}");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
        if (this == obj)
            return true;
        if (obj == null)
            return false;

        if (obj instanceof AnomalyDetectorConfig == false)
            return false;
        AnomalyDetectorConfig other = (AnomalyDetectorConfig) obj;
        if (other.getAnomalyDetectorFrequency() == null ^ this.getAnomalyDetectorFrequency() == null)
            return false;
        if (other.getAnomalyDetectorFrequency() != null && other.getAnomalyDetectorFrequency().equals(this.getAnomalyDetectorFrequency()) == false)
            return false;
        return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        final int prime = 31;
        int hashCode = 1;

        hashCode = prime * hashCode + ((getAnomalyDetectorFrequency() == null) ? 0 : getAnomalyDetectorFrequency().hashCode());
        return hashCode;
    }

    @Override
    public AnomalyDetectorConfig clone() {
        try {
            return (AnomalyDetectorConfig) super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Got a CloneNotSupportedException from Object.clone() " + "even though we're Cloneable!", e);
        }
    }

    @com.amazonaws.annotation.SdkInternalApi
    @Override
    public void marshall(ProtocolMarshaller protocolMarshaller) {
        com.amazonaws.services.lookoutmetrics.model.transform.AnomalyDetectorConfigMarshaller.getInstance().marshall(this, protocolMarshaller);
    }
}


text:
import LOCAL_PATH from 'shared/utils/localpath'
import request from 'superagent'
import jwtDecode from 'jwt-decode'
import {
  CHANGE_PASS_USER_STARTED,
  CHANGE_PASS_USER_COMPLETED,
  CHANGE_PASS_USER_FAILED,
  CHANGE_PASS_USER_INITED,
  CHANGE_INFO_USER_STARTED,
  CHANGE_INFO_USER_COMPLETED,
  CHANGE_INFO_USER_FAILED,
  GET_INFO_USER_STARTED,
  GET_INFO_USER_COMPLETED,
  GET_INFO_USER_FAILED
} from 'shared/constants/ActionTypes'
import { getToken } from 'shared/actions/AuthActions'
import { isEmpty, isNumber, isNull, mapValues, omit } from 'lodash'

async function update (form, token) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const user = jwtDecode(token)
    if (!user.id) reject('invalid token')
    const userId = user.id
    request
      .put('/api/v1/users/' + userId)
      .set('Accept', 'application/json')
      .set('Authorization', 'JWT ' + token)
      .send(form)
      .end(function (err, res) {
        if (!err && res.body) {
          resolve(res.body)
        } else {
          reject(err)
        }
      })
  })
}

async function get (token) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const user = jwtDecode(token)
    if (!user.id) reject('invalid token')
    const userId = user.id
    request
      .get(LOCAL_PATH + '/api/v1/usersinfo/' + userId)
      .set('Accept', 'application/json')
      .set('Authorization', 'JWT ' + token)
      .end(function (err, res) {
        if (!err && res.body) {
          resolve(res.body)
        } else {
          reject(err)
        }
      })
  })
}

async function fetchOgInfo (cid) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    request
      .get('/api/v1/ogs?cid=' + cid)
      .set('Accept', 'application/json')
      .end(function (err, res) {
        if (!err && res.body) {
          resolve(res.body)
        } else {
          reject(err)
        }
      })
  })
}

async function updateInfo (form, token) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    const user = jwtDecode(token)
    if (!user.id) reject('invalid token')
    const userId = user.id
    request
      .put('/api/v1/usersinfo/' + userId)
      .set('Accept', 'application/json')
      .set('Authorization', 'JWT ' + token)
      .send(form)
      .end(function (err, res) {
        if (!err && res.body) {
          resolve(res.body)
        } else {
          reject(err)
        }
      })
  })
}

export function changePasswordInit (form) {
  return async dispatch => {
    return dispatch({
      type: CHANGE_PASS_USER_INITED
    })
  }
}

export function changePassword (form) {
  return async dispatch => {
    dispatch({ type: CHANGE_PASS_USER_STARTED })
    try {
      let token = getToken()
      const info = await update(form, token)
      if (info.email) {
        return dispatch({
          type: CHANGE_PASS_USER_COMPLETED,
          info: info
        })
      } else {
        return dispatch({
          type: CHANGE_PASS_USER_FAILED,
          errors: info.errors ? info.errors : info
        })
      }
    } catch (err) {
      return dispatch({
        type: CHANGE_PASS_USER_FAILED,
        errors: err.message
      })
    }
  }
}

export function loadOgInfo (cid) {
  return async dispatch => {
    dispatch({ type: CHANGE_INFO_USER_STARTED })
    const data = await fetchOgInfo(cid)
    if (data.oid) {
      const info = {
        cid: data.oid,
        ocname: data.ocname,
        email: data.email1,
        contact: data.cname,
        url: data.url,
        zipcode: data.zipcode,
        country: data.country,
        city: data.city,
        address: data.town + data.address,
        lat: data.lat,
        lng: data.lng,
        tel: data.tel,
        fax: data.fax
      }
      return dispatch({
        type: CHANGE_INFO_USER_COMPLETED,
        info: info,
        loadMode: true
      })
    }
  }
}

export function changeInfo (form) {
  return async dispatch => {
    dispatch({ type: CHANGE_INFO_USER_STARTED })
    try {
      let token = getToken()
      let _form = mapValues(form, (v) => isNull(v) ? '' : v)
      if (isNumber(_form.zipcode)) {
        _form.zipcode = '' + _form.zipcode
      }
      if (isEmpty(_form.email)) {
        _form = omit(_form, 'email')
      }
      const info = await updateInfo(_form, token)
      if (info.ocname) {
        return dispatch({
          type: CHANGE_INFO_USER_COMPLETED,
          info: info
        })
      } else {
        return dispatch({
          type: CHANGE_INFO_USER_FAILED,
          errors: info.errors ? info.errors : info
        })
      }
    } catch (err) {
      return dispatch({
        type: CHANGE_INFO_USER_FAILED,
        errors: err.message
      })
    }
  }
}

export function getInfo () {
  return async (dispatch, getState) => {
    dispatch({ type: GET_INFO_USER_STARTED })
    try {
      let token = getState().auth.token
      if (isEmpty(token)) {
        token = getToken()
      }
      const info = await get(token)
      if (!isEmpty(info)) {
        return dispatch({
          type: GET_INFO_USER_COMPLETED,
          info: info
        })
      } else {
        return dispatch({
          type: GET_INFO_USER_FAILED,
          errors: info.errors ? info.errors : info
        })
      }
    } catch (err) {
      return dispatch({
        type: GET_INFO_USER_FAILED,
        errors: err.message
      })
    }
  }
}


For This Child, I have Prayed bible verse floral print nursery art. This scripture quote art is beautiful wall decor for girl nursery themes. This print can be ordered as a set option with coordinated floral bouquet art prints. View our whimsical art print section in full for more nursery wall decor ideas.


text:
Entrepreneurship and Social Sciences
January 22, 2023 January 23, 2023 manish
Entrepreneurship and social savoir may be a field that focuses on the introduction of business enterprises, processes involved in making new products and services, plus the changes internet marketers bring to society. It includes research, education, and development in interpersonal science and economics.
A business owner is a person or group who is prepared to take dangers and act as a leader. This is often an individual who runs a business, a non-profit, or possibly a governmental enterprise. In the case of a non-profit, it is often a person who brings a new technology or service to a community.
The term "entrepreneur" comes from the People from france word "entreprendre, " meaning to understand or perhaps know. In addition , it is a common term for someone who works in the market.
The definition of entrepreneurship has been inspired by many people authors. Some define entrepreneurship as the act of initiating a fresh business. Others say it is an react of discovering new ways to mix resources and create worth.
Typically, a business person is considered a type A personality. As such, they will seek achievement and always seek to overcome hurdles in their specialist trajectory.
During its record, the interpersonal sciences have studied the phenomenon of entrepreneurship. Moreover to centering on the definition ukpip.org/the-importance-of-social-sciences/ of entrepreneurship, these research workers have also developed theories in their private unique methods.
Several vintage books include addressed the main topic of entrepreneurship. Some examples are The Entrepreneur by simply David Safier, Embedded Capital by David Kenneth Galbraith, as well as the Power of Adaptive Innovation by simply Richard Wiles.
शिवपुराण में शामिल हुए योग आयोग के सदस्य, प्रदेश में बने रहे खुशहाली
सभापति अंकित गौरहा ने साइकिल का किया वितरण..बताया 21 वीं सदी में बच्चियां निभाएंगी विकास में सहभागिता
Spread the love The Windows system safeguard feature is actually a backup and restore program which...


AIC has successfully accomplished the roughing shear revamping project in Siderperu, Tren 2, located in Nuevo Chimbote, Ancash/Peru and received the final acceptance certificate. The job consisted in replacing the complete automation and power control of the start/stop roughing shear installing a Siemens Simotion technology after a previous successful project regarding the cooling bed entry shears commissioned on last October, as to confirm the good job done at that time. The roughing shear has been brought from an AC motor and drive configuration to a DC configuration using SIEMENS Sinamics DCM drive to reuse a dc motor existing in plant and to improve cuts precisions. The collaboration started last year between Siderperu and AIC has been so strengthened with this job.
AIC is a global system integrator providing advanced and tailored automation solutions for the steel industry, with the aim to continuously improve both efficiency, competitiveness and safety of the production processes. With more than 800 applications worldwide and 40 years of history, AIC can boost an unique experience in both greenfield and revamping projects in long products rolling mills and continuous casting machines.


Taking orders now. Down payment required: $100.
Down payment is required to secure your order and help buy the pigs that will be on pasture all summer. At butcher time, you will be contacted to provide the cuts you want. Final payment will be required a pick up time.


When my son was three years old, I couldn't wait until he was older.
When my son was three years old, I couldn't wait until he was older. He was hard to handle at that age. He had clear signs of ADD and many a times you could find me huffing and puffing while running after him. It was tough and physically draining. As I waited for him to grow up, so did his issues. The physical work became less but instead something unexpected happened. I became exhausted mentally. His issues started to keep me awake at night, wondering what the future held in store.
Whomever said "small children, small troubles, big children, big troubles" was right. When they're young, you're physically working hard, thinking you'll never sleep again. But the day comes when you're getting your nights back, the physical work becomes easier but the emotional part is getting more intense. Problems become heavier and nights are now for tossing and turning.
Then comes the time when you finally survived the teenage years. The kids are now grown and you give a sigh of relief, hoping your work is done. But a parent's work is never done. In our culture, we marry the kids off young. Now we worry if they're ready for marriage. Once they marry, we worry if they're happy. Do they know how to handle married life? Will they respect their spouse? Will they find jobs? And on it goes.
I don't think a parent can ever stop worrying about their children. Is there ever a time when parents can just relax and know their work is done? I guess it's in the parents DNA to worry forever. But I believe that one day, the fruits of our labor will be visible and then, we can breathe and know we have done our share. The rest is up to them.
I'm an ultra Orthodox Jewish blogger and a mom of two. My blog www.orthodoxsunflower.wordpress.com is a rare glimpse into the Hasidic lifestyle.


text:
Q: connection to database with password containing dollar signs and exclamation marks I am trying to open a connection using psql to a database.
The connection string looked like this
psql -A -t -c "sql query" postgresql://$1@$2/$3

Where I passed as first parameter
$1 = login:password
$2 = localhost:5432
$3 = dbname

It worked fined when login and password was pretty much standard like 123 and so on.
But when I try to connect using a password like 123412@15!12$ it fails with the incorrect password.
How to escape it property?

A: I would use safer variable placing:
psql -A -t -c "sql query" "postgresql://${1}@${2}/${3}"

In addition parameters $1, $2, $3 should be passed as:
script.sh 'login:password' 'localhost:5432' 'dbname'

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: How to serve multiple html files using NodeJS I created a mongoDB form with nodeJS and I can serve the signUp page, but when I click on any other links to go to other pages, it throws "Cannot GET /index.html" for example. I am unsure of how to serve multiple files using nodejs.
var express = require("express");
var app = express();
var port = 3000;
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true }));

var mongoose = require("mongoose");
mongoose.Promise = global.Promise;
mongoose.connect("mongodb://localhost:27017/ClubArchive_Users");
var nameSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
     fname: String,
     lname: String,
     email: String,
     uname: String,
     pwd :String
});
var User = mongoose.model("User", nameSchema);

app.get("/", (req, res) => {
    res.sendFile(__dirname + "/SignUp.html");
});

app.post("/addname", (req, res) => {
    var myData = new User(req.body);
    myData.save()
        .then(item => {
            res.sendFile(__dirname + "/index.html");
        })
        .catch(err => {
            res.status(400).send("Unable to save to database");
        });
});

app.listen(port, () => {
    console.log("Server listening on port " + port);
});

A: node.js by itself serves no content at all.  So, any URL that you want your server to respond to must have a corresponding route in Express.  You can code each of them individually with
app.get(someURLPath, someHandler);

Or, you can serve a group of static pages located in a directory hierarchy using express.static() middleware.
To help you more specifically, we'd need to:

*

*See the overall list of pages you want to serve

*Know which ones are static HTML pages vs. dynamic

*Know where they are located in your local file system

*See what URLs you want to be used for each page

You can see a general tutorial for express.static here and here.

when I click on any other links to go to other pages, it throws "Cannot GET /index.html" for example. I am unsure of how to serve multiple files using nodejs.

You will need to teach your node.js server how to respond to those other links.  Either create a custom route for each one or, for static pages, use express.static() so that it can serve a bunch of static pages with one line of middleware.


If that is true It's a very bad thing.
Internet is the first thing that is shutdown, especially in locations far of major cities during a power outage. Must imperatively continue to provide a reliable and sustainable alternative remote monitoring via cellular networks as does the module SMS-PAB!
We are working on the successor.


text:
Free Alien Smut! (#TBT)
Throwback Thursday to one of my alter-ego's books which is free this weekend, starting today! Because it's available in Kindle Unlimited, it's only on Amazon. You can grab your copy here - mybook.to/AlienPleasures
This story actually started out on Literotica back when I was writing for them. I really just had some wild ideas for alien peen and wanted to write all of them, but didn't want to write a whole series for each alien... but I had also found that I preferred to write a longer story rather than a bunch of standalones.
My genius solution: put the heroine in a space brothel.
ALL THE ALIEN PEEN!
It was not actually supposed to have a romance but of course my brain took it that way anyway by the end. Which I enjoyed, so it was fine I know my brain does that lol.
I had a GREAT time writing all the alien peen I wanted (and some of them got WEIRD) and then adding in a dash of romance for a HEA. If you want a book that's basically pure alien smut... here ya go LOL
Posted by Goldeniangel at 9:32 AM No comments :
Teaser Tuesday - First Look at A Season for Spies!
Last week I finished writing the first draft of A Season for Spies!!!!! I flove how this book came out. Evie and Anthony were so different from what I thought they'd be and they far exceeded my expectations. I'm just gonna go ahead and say it - this might be the best book I've ever written. I am SO excited for it to come out in a few months.
And here's your first sneak peek!
Prologue – Two Years Earlier
"Someone tried to assassinate the Duke of York?" Evie burst into her uncle's office, no longer content to listen at the keyhole as her eldest cousin reported in. Though her uncle was the Crown's spymaster and all three of her cousins assisted him in one capacity or another, all four of the men were dedicated to keeping her out of the 'men's business'.
Despite the fact that she had survived the streets of London on her own when she was a mere child and had proven her usefulness over and over again since her uncle had found her and taken her in. She wanted to be part of the family business too, and since she did not consider herself a 'lady' of the ton, she did not particularly care if such things weren't fit for ladies. High society did not fit her.
Uncle Oliver groaned, rubbing his forehead with his hand.
"I thought you were in your room resting."
Evie narrowed her eyes at him. She was very aware he would have been happier leaving her out, she did not need him to say it out loud.
"I was. Then I saw Elijah return home in a hurry from my window and I wanted to know what the problem was." Evie kicked the door shut behind her and crossed her arms over her chest, lifting her chin defiantly. "If there has been an assassination attempt on such an important personage, you are going to need all the help you can get."
"It is too dangerous," Elijah said immediately, raking his hand through his dark hair. Like father like son, Uncle Oliver and her cousin were cut from the same cloth, though the grey in her uncle's hair made their age difference clear. "The Duke was nearly killed."
"As if I have never been in dangerous situations before," Evie retorted, rolling her eyes. "Need I remind you how helpful I was in France?" She'd spent two years there during the way and had done just as much work as any of her uncle's operatives. Even saved one of them from capture when he'd been set up in a trap, though she pushed that memory away immediately.
She did not need her thoughts distracted by him.
"You were very helpful, even if you were not supposed to be in Denmark at the time," Uncle Oliver said through gritted teeth. He was honest to a fault, even when he did not want to admit the truth. Telling her that she had not been helpful, when she had provided him with information that none of his other operatives had been able to suss out, was beyond him no matter how much he wished he could.
Evie smiled thinly.
"Then let me help now. I can be even more helpful here than I was in France." After all, England was her home. She should be able to do more in familiar territory than unfamiliar.
The two men exchanged a glance and Evie's jaw locked into place. Stubborn fools. They were going to deny her again! When would they learn? As determined as they were to keep her safely tucked away in the manner they thought best, she was even more determined to live her own life on her terms. To make her own choices.
Though she would never bring public or societal shame to her family, not after Uncle Oliver had rescued her, no one ever knew of her extracurricular activities anyway. No lord or lady would believe their eyes even if they did see her in one of her myriad disguises – not that they ever looked. Especially among their social set. The ton was so convinced of its own importance, they rarely paid attention to anyone who wasn't on their level, often to their own detriment.
"If we need you, we will certainly call on you," her Uncle Oliver said carefully.
Truthful to a fault. In his opinion, they never needed her, so he was not telling a lie, but Evie knew she would not be included in this escapade. Regardless of her work in France, which had assuredly been far more dangerous.
Unfortunately, the one witness to her most brilliant rescue had no idea who she was, nor did she want him to. And, considering that she'd met him in a brothel, it was not a rescue she'd been able to take the claim for to her uncle. Despite the result, she knew it would not help her cause.
Bloody daft men.
"I see," she said. Because she did see. Attuned to her tone of voice, both her uncle and cousin were still watching her warily, ready for the outburst. Evie was tired of the fighting though. France had been much more productive after she'd slipped her 'leash,' the companion her uncle had sent with her, and taken matters into her own hands.
She would learn from that lesson and apply it here.
Nose in the air, she turned on her heel and yanked the door open.
"Thank goodness. Browne should be here any moment," Elijah muttered, likely under the impression that she either could not hear him or was so upset as to not be paying attention. He must have forget that she had unusually excellent hearing.
Evie's back stiffened as she slammed the door shut behind her. Hopefully the two men would think she was in a snit and not give her another thought. Especially when they had such important matters to deal with.
She needed to clear out before Captain Browne arrived. The operative had never met her as Lady Eveline Stuart and she intended to keep it that way. If he recognized her, it would be utter disaster.
Get it for the special preorder price! - www.books2read.com/SeasonforSpies
Throwback Thursday to Master Chef!
Thowback Thursday to Master Chef!!!!
When I first introduced Avery and Nick in Tempting the Domme, I did not know whether or not they would be getting a book. At the time I wasn't sure if I would be continuing stories past the Stronghold Doms series, although I was starting to think that I might.
Once I knew that I would be writing the Masters of Marquis, I also knew that Nick and Avery would be perfect for a story I'd been wanting to write for a while - Inexperienced Dom and Experienced Sub. Since we didn't know much about Avery but we did know that Nick had a lot of misconceptions about kink, they were PERFECT!
I wanted to show more of the classes from the POV of the student rather than the teacher (though Olivia had been so much fun to do with that) and I also wanted to play with how experience plays out when it's the submissive who has more of it. It's not that Avery meant to top from the bottom exactly... but the scene where Nick finally takes full control was definitely one of my favorites.
I also had a lot of fun with the kitchen stuff in general - I was a server for a decade and hubby worked various positions in restaurants for about fifteen years, so there were plenty of fun things to draw on. And if any of you are Tamora Pierce fans... I hope you enjoyed my little side story with the servers.
And, of course, I got to re-introduce Iris which I was super excited about and add her to the little girl gang I have growing, and show off a little bit more of Master Law to get them prepped for Law & Disorder!
▼ July ( 3 )


text:
French see VideoFutur over fibre
Backed by Netgem, French fibre network operator Vitis has launched its VideoFutur virtual multiscreen television video service in France. It includes a network digital video recorder offering with all the main French television channels. The VideoFutur service is available over fibre in a version with a box or as a box-less application.
The Victoria offering, including a 4K capable Box, is available at an introductory price of €29.90, rising to €39.90 after six months.
The VIC service is available as an application, without a box, for use with computer, or Apple or Android tablet or smartphone at €19.90, rising to €32.90 after six months.
They combine live television, replay, network video recorder and video on demand. Up to 80 hours of programming can be stored for up to three months.
Both services come with a 1Gbps fibre to the home connection, in areas covered by the RIP open fibre project.
Netgem is reported to be looking at other markets, including the United Kingdom, where it previously partnered with EE, now part of BT.
"It is exciting to finally see the main broadcasters in a large Western Europe country completely embracing the Full potential of IP TV, with nPVR and live TV across all screens, and we are now ready to roll out more advanced in-and-out-of-home TV proposition in other markets," said Sylvain Thevenot, the managing director of Netgem.tv.
www.lafibrevideofutur.fr
www.netgem.com
Broadband fibre forecast
Comcast and Liberty Global in fibre talks
Netbox Freeview 4K media streamer
French broadcasters band together online


Your own piece of tranquillity awaits on this 12+ acres of property. If country living is what you seek, seek no more. This three bedroom, 2 bath home, with just over 2300 square feet offers a master suite with walk in closet and vaulted ceiling. Enter to an an abundance of space in the Dining room and Great/Living room, which features a wood burning stove inside the fireplace. Kitchen features lots of counter space and many cabinets for storage and room for more. The upstairs bedroom is large enough for sharing or a large office space. Attached 2 oversized 2 car garage with an additional 3 car detached garage as well. The property is beautifully landscaped and includes 2 stocked ponds, ducks, and lots of other wild life. This is every out doors lovers dream! This is one you won't want to let get away. Call today for your private showing!
Directions:US 35 North to Toto Rd., turn west on Toto Rd to property, located on the South side of road.
Listing provided courtesy of Collins & Company Realtors, Koontz Lake.


The New York Knicks have waived Center Enes Kanter and Guard Wesley Matthews.
It never really worked out with the New York Knicks but fans will remember his talents during his time with the Oklahoma City Thunder. However, David Aldridge of The Athletic is already reporting that Matthews will sign a deal with the Indiana Pacers once he's officially available. Kanter made headlines last month after refusing to participate in the Knicks' game against the Wizards in London because he said he feared for his life due to his opposition to the current regime in his native Turkey.
Kanter, 26, has played a total of 42 minutes over the past 13 games. According to NBA.com, teams were wary of his $18.6 million expiring contract and instead waited for NY to waive him. Smith Jr.is an intriguing player, but still unproven with an interesting upside and visible downside.
Kanter is averaging 14 points and 10.5 rebounds this season, but recently was demoted to fourth-string.
Kanter will become an unrestricted free agent on the buyout market, and a lot of playoff teams are studying that market looking to add depth and fill in gaps in their roster. He is tied for third in the National Basketball Association in offensive rebounding (3.9 per game) since the start of the 2017-18 season. NY also has roughly $70 million in cap space this summer - enough for two max contracts.