text:
Journalist Profiles
The Royal Press
The Student News Site of Georgetown High School
Hunter Curtin, Photography
With a lot of questions and recent decisions being made with the school there are many questions regarding what will be going with The after school clubs? As of this moment some sports have been delayed and so far clubs are still undecided on by the school board.
Student interview: " In my opinion I believe that school clubs and after school activities are only going to help spread the virus more so therefore they should not be doing after school activities at the moment" – Kyle Clancey
Parent interview: " My opinion is no after school clubs and sports right now. Covid is on the rise again, I think that in order to help decrease the risk for spreading the virus, sports and clubs should be on hold until there is a vaccine." – Cherie Tavares
Teacher interview: " I think outdoor sports are definitely ok and clubs would be fine as long as the numbers are small enough.I don't think having big groups inside is a good idea. We do that sort of thing for lunches, but that's much different considering that eating is an essential part of the day.Overall I think that doing any activity is ok as long as proper precautions are being taken and it's done in a safe environment." – Mr.DeBaggis
Limits breaking down the regular ideals of school, students hope that everything will be solved. Without having the full access to after school activities there's a more leniency to what teens can do with their after school time. This can cause a lot of loneliness and depression for teens and get them to make bad overall life decisions.
Hunter Curtin,
What's your favorite subject?
Georgetown High School
Test Opponent
Nov 13 / Football
Nov 12 / Volleyball
Do People Really Want the Technological Age?
Is it Sensible for Students to Return to In-Person Learning While the Town is a Hotspot?
The NFL and Covid-19
King Crimson – Larks' Tongues In Aspic (1973)
Holidays during Covid
Amy Coney Barrett Confirmed to the Supreme Court
Military and Covid
The College Process in the Covid Era


Guess what! I am back to Korea! I know I know.. I was planning to post blogs about Tanzania adventures but I had to move to Korea less than 2 weeks after the Tanzania trip so here I am! posting different yet cool adventure in Daejeon, Korea. I am such a lucky person: I have awesome neighbors who became dear friends in very short time. One of my friends who know so much about Daejeon than I am invited me to go to the big fish-veggie-fruit market in Daejeon today.
Matthew's favorite bus, 605 :), this bus stops 2 blocks from our apt. and stops at many useful place like agricultural center, supermarkets, furniture markets and etc.
Woohoo~ It was my first bus ride in Daejeon. 1400won per ride! From our ( we all live in a same building :P) apt. to the market, it took about 20min or so..
I got this photo from the Oh-Jung agricultural center website.
It's the weekends before the Chuseok, Korean Full Moon Festival, so all the vendors were open for normal people. Normally this market only do the whole sale very early in the morning. Our first stop! The fish market.
Make sure that you wear shoes that you can easily wash :) You will end up having fishy-feet.
I guess it's shrimp season. There were lots of live shrimps in the market.
Fish sauce vendor. They also sell pickled seafood.
My friends wanted to buy some scallops. Very cheap! about 10 big scallops about $17!
Next stop, the dry fish-seaweed market. It located right next to the fish market. They usually don't open during the weekends but they did today because of the Chuseok.
Next stop! Fruit and Vegetable market.
During the Chuseok, Korean people give presents to each other. Fruits are one of the popular items among with sesame oil box, Spam box, Canned tuna box and Beef ribs! :) My expat friends were surprised that Korean people love the Spam present sets!
All very beautifully boxed fruits. If you ever see the Korean Pear, you must taste it!
All kinds of potatoes and sweet potatoes.
H.U.G.E Korean Pears! 5 of them were $10. It's a good market to come with bunch of friends and share some veggies and fruits since the portions are big for just one and two people.
Super yummy squash. It's like zucchini but not bitter like it. We make the pancakes, add to the soup, sautée and etc.
Amanda with delicious white peach from Moozu. We shared them too!
If you ever come to Daejeon, you must to go to the Jung-ang market next to the Daejeon station and must eat all the yummy street food but if you have some extra time, you can check this market out. Next time I will buy some abalone and eat them!


text:
Q: Rest api detail User Not Found code user not found Error postman i am generating a token for each logged in user. But on Get request through postman i am getting this error. please guide me what's wrong !
postman error screenshot

my models.py
class allmodelfields(AbstractBaseUser):
     USERNAME_FIELD = 'email'
    #id_no = models.BigAutoField(primary_key=True,serialize=False,verbose_name="ID",)
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='Email',max_length=255,unique=True,)
    password = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    confirm_password = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    first_name = models.CharField(max_length=30)
    middle_name = models.CharField(max_length=30,blank = True)
    last_name = models.CharField(max_length=30,blank = True)
    number_code = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    phone_no= models.CharField(max_length=10)
    pincode = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    house_no = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    street = models.CharField(max_length=50,blank = True)
    locality = models.CharField(max_length=50,blank = True)
    state = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    city = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    country = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    ip = models.CharField(blank = True,max_length = 20)

# auto filled fields
    full_name = models.CharField(max_length=100,)#default = first_name + middle_name + last_name)
    full_number = models.CharField(max_length = 23)#f'{number_code} {phone_no}'
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    updated_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    is_ active = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    unique_id = models.CharField(max_length = 10, editable=False)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.email

    def full_name_func(self):
        return f'{self.first_name} {self.middle_name} {self.last_name}'

    def full_number_func(self):
        return f'{self.number_code}|{self.phone_no}'

    class Meta:
        abstract = True

class Customer(allmodelfields):
    account_type = models.CharField(max_length=20,choices=customer_account_choices,default=" ")
class Dealer(allmodelfields):
    account_type = models.CharField(max_length=20,choices= dealer_account_choices,default=" ")

serializers.py
class customerprofileserializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Customer
        fields = ['id','full_name','email','unique_id','full_number']

class dealerprofileserializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Dealer
        fields = ['id','full_name','email','unique_id','full_number']

urls.py
path("customerprofileview/", customerprofileview.as_view(),name='customerprofileview'),
path("dealerprofileview/", dealerprofileview.as_view(),name='dealerprofileview'),

views.py
class customerloginview(APIView):
    renderer_classes = [apirenderer]
    def post(self,request,format=None):
        serializer_object = loginserializer(data = request.data)
        if serializer_object.is_valid():
            email = serializer_object.initial_data["email"].lower()
            password= serializer_object.initial_data["password"]
            is_email_exists = Customer.objects.filter(email=email).exists()
            if is_email_exists:
                user = Customer.objects.get(email=email)
                if user.is_active:
                    valid_password = user.check_password(password)
                    if valid_password:
                        #token = get_tokens_for_user(user)
                        refresh = RefreshToken.for_user(user)
                        return Response({'msg':f"{user.full_name} you are logged in successfully !",'tokens':{'access':str(refresh.access_token),'refresh':str(refresh)}},status=status.HTTP_200_OK)
                    else:
                        return Response({'msg':'Incorrect password'})
                else:
                    # resend user activation
                    current_site = get_current_site(request)
                    mail_subject = 'Please ACTIVATE your ACCOUNT (Resent)'
                    message = render_to_string('account_verification_email.html',{
                    'last_user':user,
                    'domain' : current_site,
                    'id':(user.unique_id)[:4],
                    'uid': urlsafe_base64_encode(force_bytes(user.pk)),
                    'token': default_token_generator.make_token(user),
                    })
                    to_email = user.email
                    send_email = EmailMessage(mail_subject,message,to=[to_email])
                send_email.send()
                return Response({'msg':f'your account is not activated yet.we have resent an account activation link on {user.email} . please activate then login'})
            else:
                return Response({'msg':'Email does not exist.'})
        else:
            return Response(serializer_object.errors,status = status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

class customerprofileview(APIView):
    renderer_classes = [apirenderer]
    permission_classes = [IsAuthenticated]
    def get(self,request,format=None):
        serializer_object = customerprofileserializer(request.user)
        return Response(serializer_object.data,status=status.HTTP_200_OK)

#same for dealer

settings.py
SIMPLE_JWT = {
'ACCESS_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(minutes=5),
'REFRESH_TOKEN_LIFETIME': timedelta(days=1),
'ROTATE_REFRESH_TOKENS': False,
'BLACKLIST_AFTER_ROTATION': False,
'UPDATE_LAST_LOGIN': False,

'ALGORITHM': 'HS256',
'SIGNING_KEY': SECRET_KEY,
'VERIFYING_KEY': None,

'AUTH_HEADER_TYPES': ('Bearer',),
'AUTH_HEADER_NAME': 'HTTP_AUTHORIZATION',
'USER_ID_FIELD': 'id',
'USER_ID_CLAIM': 'user_id',
'USER_AUTHENTICATION_RULE': 'rest_framework_simplejwt.authentication.default_user_authentication_rule',

'AUTH_TOKEN_CLASSES': ('rest_framework_simplejwt.tokens.AccessToken',),
'TOKEN_TYPE_CLAIM': 'token_type',
'TOKEN_USER_CLASS': 'rest_framework_simplejwt.models.TokenUser',

'JTI_CLAIM': 'jti',

}
I have searched about it alot but not getting any solution .i want to get the logged in user details such as full name , number , id etc. through generated access token.
have seen a guy doing exactly same thing on youtube .

A: I have faced the similar problem and i got to know that this is because of settings.
check your JWT default authentication class and AUTH_USER_MODEL. you are working on 3 models. hence u need to override some functions that uses default user model. all the best

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Used when a single character in an image has more than one tail.
The following tags are aliased to this tag: multi_tails, multi_tail, multitail, multitails, multiple_tail (learn more).
The following tags implicate this tag: two_tails, kyuubi (learn more).


text:
The elevated levels of serum antibodies in patients with L-lep or
The elevated levels of serum antibodies in patients with L-lep or disseminated disease, compared with the levels found in patients with the T-lep self-limited form,13,14 and the antibodies shown in this Dorsomorphin solubility dmso study at the site of disease may contribute to host defence or immunopathology. The correlation of antibodies with the progressive infection suggests that they play no role in protection but some suggest an early
role in leprosy and other mycobacterial infections.24,25 The production of antibodies at the site of disease demonstrated in this study may also contribute to immunopathology and tissue injury in leprosy. Polyclonal activation of B cells has been well described in leprosy. In fact, studies of leprosy sera have identified a wide spectrum of autoantibodies such as anticardiolipin (aCL), rheumatoid factor and antiphospholipid antibodies. Autoantibodies such as aCL have been reported to be raised in 37–98% of the patients with lepromatous leprosy, providing a mechanism for autoimmunity.26–28 Furthermore, up to 50% of L-lep patients receiving antimicrobial therapy EX 527 research buy develop acute inflammatory reactions such as ENL, characterized by the eruption of erythematous painful nodules
and other systemic manifestations of tissue injury.7,29–31 The pathogenesis of ENL is attributed to antibodies and immune complex deposition, as evidenced by granular deposits of immunoglobulin and complement in a perivascular8 and extravascular distribution,9 detection of immune complexes
in vessel walls and evidence of damaged endothelial cells.7 An interesting finding is the differential expression of IgA in L-lep versus T-lep lesions. Anti-M. leprae IgA has been previously reported in salivary secretions of leprosy patients,32 and the presence of IgA as well as IgG and IgM has previously been identified from induced blisters over skin lesions from patients with L-lep and ENL.33 Here, we found a correlation of both the messenger this website RNA and protein levels of IgA, with L-lep versus T-lep directly in skin lesions, suggesting a role for antibodies including promoting progressive infection. Immunoglobulin A has been described as playing a central role in mucosal immunity, classically as neutralizing microbial pathogens and preventing their attachment to mucosal tissue. However, its role in systemic and cutaneous immunity is not well-studied. The immunoregulatory effects of IgA are mediated by the human IgA Fc receptor (FcαRI, CD89). FcαRI is expressed on cells of the myeloid lineage including neutrophils, monocytes, tissue macrophages, eosinophils and subpopulations of dendritic cells.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Home Masters In Business Administration Study MBA in UK
Study MBA in UK
For high-level competition in the ever-changing global business market, one must be better educated and willing. A Masters in Business Administration in the United Kingdom will undoubtedly be rewarding.
The borders of England stretched once and widened too to encompass the entire globe. Culture and history have infiltrated all modern British society and have also absorbed the nuances of all cultures and societies as well. There is simply no place on earth that is rich and diverse in cultures such as the United Kingdom. Its schools and universities are the pioneers of the modern world in education and innovation. The UK is a crossroads to the global market and business ventures around the world. All this makes the MBA study in the UK a wise investment.
MBA Study in Britain:
Most UK colleges and universities accept three-year bachelor degrees from foreign and international students. Consequently, students from Malaysia, India and other countries are able to apply for masters degree directly at universities and colleges in the UK. Another advantage of studying MBA in the UK is the ability of a student who holds a Masters degree in Business Administration to earn an MBA in a one-year study. This would normally take two years if the student is studying at any college or university in the United States. A MBA student from the UK can achieve his goals in half the time compared to the same majors in some other countries.
Admission Requirements for MBA study in Britain:
For most UK colleges and universities, foreign and international students are required to have two or three years of work experience. But there are many schools that do not require it. However, any program approved by "MBA Association " (ANBA), requires at least three years of experience on the job.
Most British colleges and universities require foreign and international students to pass a test of English as a Foreign language (TOEFL), but do not require a postgraduate admission examination in Management (GMAT).
The cost of studying MBA in Britain:
As mentioned earlier, an important advantage for international and foreign students who want to study MBA in the UK is that they can do it in just one year. The cost of MBA currently is 10.000 to 15,000 British pounds, i.e. equivalent 14.502 to 21.263 USD. If you are considering Oxford or Cambridge the price will be slightly higher; 45.000 pounds or equivalent US $65.263. Your MBA in the UK will provide you with a lot of scientific and practical experience that may be very useful to you in your career later.
Universities and colleges to study MBA MBA in UK
Hult International Business School (London Campus)
London School of Business and Management
University of Sal ford


text:
Willens Law Offices
Your Top Rated Chicago Personal Injury Lawyer
FREE CONSULTATION. WE'LL COME TO YOU.
Offices in Chicago and Suburbs
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Matthew Willens
David Baez
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David B. Menchetti
Reviews / Testimonials
Home > Bicycle Accidents > Fatal Cyclists Accidents & City Truck Side Guards & Mirrors
Fatal Cyclists Accidents & City Truck Side Guards & Mirrors
Over the past few years, we've seen a series of devastating accidents in Chicago and nearby cities where cyclists were killed after colliding with right-turning trucks. The City of Chicago responded to this by passing a new ordinance requiring city-contracted trucks to install side guards and additional mirrors.
The ordinance is to be implemented in phases over the next three years, but in the meantime, the same type of crashes continue to result in tragedy. Just this month, a bicyclist was fatally hit by a truck turning right at Madison and Halsted. A bike helmet and a pair of sunglasses were found under the truck, highlighting the fact that the large vehicle did not have a side guard.
The recent accident has prompted advocates and motorists to call for more truck safety measures, especially concerning more vulnerable commuters such as bicyclists.
Truck Side Guards And Other Safety Gear
Side guards, also called lateral protective devices, are panels that are installed on each side of a large truck between its front and rear wheels. These panels are designed to prevent underride accidents – collisions where a smaller vehicle or even people get thrown into the space underneath the truck.
Data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) show that from 1994 to 2015, a total of 4,195 people have died in truck underride crashes. Of these, 1,1592 were in collisions where the impact occurred at the side of the truck. Within the same period, Illinois had 143 underride-related fatalities, 59 of which were from side-impact collisions.
The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) has conducted crash tests and found that side underride guards can save lives. This has also been seen in the United Kingdom, where truck side protection is mandated and is credited for a 20-percent decrease in pedestrian fatalities and a 61-percent decrease in bicyclist fatalities in truck side-impact crashes. Cities in the US, such as Boston and New York, have since introduced laws for large trucks to install the equipment.
In Chicago, the side guard ordinance also includes a requirement for crossover mirrors and convex mirrors to help reduce trucks' blind spots. A crossover mirror is mounted on the front fender or hood of a truck to enable its driver to see anyone who is closely in front of the vehicle. Meanwhile, a convex mirror installed on each side of the truck's cab provides a wide-angle view of the vehicle's sides.
Though the ordinance increases safety around certain trucks, advocates say that it should apply not just to city-contracted vehicles but to all large trucks in the metro.
Dangers For Cyclists At Intersections
The fatal crash at Halsted showed not just the need for expanded truck safety but also for improved cyclist and pedestrian protection on Chicago streets. That particular accident occurred next to a construction site, and cyclists have observed that the bike lane there has disappeared, forcing them to squeeze on the side of the road between vehicle traffic and pedestrians.
This adds to the general flurry at the intersection with Madison Street, where cars share the road with buses, cement trucks, and 18-wheelers. Even with the on-going construction, this crossing has no cautionary signs, no detours, and no traffic officers. Pedestrians even have to dart around vehicles that are stuck on crosswalks.
Sadly, Halsted and Madison is only one of the several chaotic intersections in Chicago where pedestrians are more vulnerable. Some of the other crossings that have been noted to be riskier for pedestrians are West North Avenue and North Damen Avenue at Wicker Park; North Cicero and West Chicago Avenue; and North Lincoln and West Fullerton Avenue at Lincoln Park.
The vulnerability of cyclists is quite pronounced on streets like these. Bicycles are especially at risk when a larger vehicle is trying to make a right turn in front of them. When that vehicle is a 10,000-pound truck, the truck's blind spots and massive weight greatly heighten the danger of a collision. And since bicyclists are not protected by any kind of metal frame or crumple zone, they often end up with catastrophic injuries.
Recourse For Truck Accident And Bike Crash Victims
There is definitely room for improvement when it comes to truck safety and bicycle safety in Chicago. For now, people who have suffered from truck or bike accidents may seek compensation through existing legal options. If you or someone in your family has been hurt in a truck wreck or a bicycle crash, talk to us at Willens Law to know what options are available to you. Call us at (888) 445-1446 today.
Filed Under: Bicycle Accidents, Truck Accident
Matt Willens
Matthew Willens, J.D. is the founder and head attorney at Willens Law Offices in Chicago. He is recognized nationally and by the Illinois legal community as the "Best of the Best" in personal injury law. Nationally, he has been selected for membership into the National Association of Distinguished Counsel - The Nation's Top One Percent of Attorneys. [Read More]
30 N LaSalle St #3450
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text:
The Threshold 9: The Court of the King in Yellow
October 2, 2019 December 13, 2020 Jeremiah Dylan Cook Featured, Weird Fiction The Threshold, Weird Fiction
The Threshold is a ten-part Weird Fiction story told in 1,000-word bites, give or take a few words. In the tale, Doug, a millennial everyman, finds himself exploring increasingly horrifying worlds trying to return home.
The Threshold is a ten-part Weird Fiction story told in 1,000-word bites, give or take a few words. In the tale, Doug, a millennial everyman, finds himself exploring increasingly horrifying worlds trying to return home. Visit The Threshold's Installments Page for a list of all installments in this New Pulp Tale.
Part 9: The Court of the King in Yellow
Doug and Ward followed Cassilda down a spiral staircase. He'd been unable to get a good look at the woman's visage. It remained obscured behind her yellow hood. Their guide glided down the smooth steps with no difficulty, but Doug struggled to avoid slipping. A steady stream of black water cascaded along one side of the stairs, making the entire surface slick. He kept using the wall to stabilize himself. The few windows they passed revealed a landscape covered in dark clouds. He thought he could just make out a golden spire in the distance of one window, but he wasn't entirely sure.
Another twist of the tower brought Doug around to face a missing section of the wall. Wind whipped in through the opening, and inky raindrops stung his face. Behind him, Doug heard the squeak of Ward's lost footing. He turned to stop her slide before she sent them both to their deaths, but she collided with him before he could get his feet set and they both tumbled out of the hole.
Doug scrambled to grab onto anything as he fell, but his fingers slid off wet stones.
They landed with a splash. Doug swam to the surface and looked up at the breach in the tower. They'd only fallen a few feet into an overflowing fountain. A decrepit statue jutted up from the middle. He had no idea what the eroded golden nub had once represented. His companion surfaced next to him.
Ward spat out a mouthful of water. "I hope this king has dry clothes."
"Me too." Doug swam to the fountain's edge and pulled himself out and onto paved cobblestones. "Where'd our guide go?"
"She's right there." Ward clambered out to sit next to him.
Cassilda stood at the entrance to the tower, awaiting them. Doug surveyed the city they found themselves inside. Unlike the other two worlds he'd visited, this one didn't look remotely like his own. There were no suburban houses, modern skyscrapers, or old colonial universities. Instead, he saw towers and domes of gold. Their architectural styles didn't seem remotely familiar as some of the tall structures seemed far too thin for anyone to fit inside. The domes had a wave-like quality to their structure that reminded him of lava formations he'd seen on the Discovery Channel. A tremendous crash of thunder and lightning drew his gaze to the sky.
The rain stopped abruptly, and the black clouds shifted to a dull orange. After a moment, they swirled into a vortex that revealed a purple sky above. Twin suns blazed overhead. Doug felt his moist skin and clothes begin to dry as soon as the heat of the stars reached him.
"I don't think this is another version of Earth." Ward stood up and held out a hand.
Doug used the assistance to get to his feet. "You can say that again."
Cassilda walked past them. "This is Carcosa."
Doug and Ward looked at each other for a moment before they followed her again. As she'd passed, he got his first good look at their guide's face. She wore a mask displaying female features, snow-white skin, emerald eyes, ink-drawn black eyebrows and lips. The dimness of the castle and the storm had hidden it well, but in the light of the two suns, the mask was shown to be a mere imitation of humanity. Her faded yellow robes now glittered as veins of silk were illuminated.
They walked through alleys and tunnels, twisting and zagging through the streets of Carcosa. If there were any inhabitants in the city besides them, they did not make themselves known. The silence was only broken by their footsteps and the occasional crash of thunder in the distance.
His mind drifted back to his sister's last moments in Miskatonic as they progressed. She'd been exploded from the inside out. He couldn't stop seeing her blood dripping down the Living Void's body. His brain played the moment on a loop. While he felt gutted over the loss, every time he looked at Ward, he felt greater sorrow. While he'd known an Ellen his entire life, he'd only known the Ellen of that world for a day. Ward had been her lover. Now she was stuck here with him and the knowledge that the last thing she saw in her own world was her girlfriend being murdered.
"Wait here." Cassilda stopped before two enormous doors, they seemed to be carved out of sapphire.
Their guide continued walking, circumventing the entrance. Doug and Ward stood in place before a domed structure that had several spires sticking out of the top. Lightning struck the tallest and an arc of electricity shot between the others. Orange clouds swirled in from the distance and formed a column through which he could momentarily see a night sky filled with stars.
Ward remarked on the phenomenon without amazement. "This place is obviously some kind of spatial and temporal nexus. Nothing seems to be consistent here. It's amazing anyone manages to live in this world."
The sapphire doors swung open to reveal yellow stairs leading up to a darkened room filled with ancient, petrified trees. Doug grabbed Ward's hand for his own comfort. They ascended together and followed an amber carpet to a sandy beach. A great lake stretched to the edge of the horizon, and he looked around to confirm they were still inside the dome. The structure opened to form a gigantic space. For a moment, Doug thought they'd come into a normal-looking area of Carcosa, but a closer inspection revealed that the blue sky and white clouds were actually colored walls. He saw a few areas where the paint had peeled to reveal grimy stone underneath. Out of the water in front of them, a form rose.
Doug took a step back, but Ward remained in place. They were still joined at the hand. The figure wore a yellow robe, like Cassilda's, but a crown of thorns sat upon the head, and the mask covering the face was white and featureless aside from the mouth and eye slits. The robes billowed loosely, and the sleeves hung without arms inside. Doug was reminded of the sheet ghosts that people put on poles for Halloween.
Cassilda walked up behind them. "You are in the presence of the greatest entity of Carcosa. The Un-nameable. Bow in reverence."
Doug and Ward acted as instructed.
Cassilda moved to stand between them and the being in the water. "The Un-nameable does not degrade himself with conversing, and he usually doesn't deign to traffic with lower forms, but this is a special moment for Carcosa."
Ward leaned close to Doug and whispered. "Of course, this thing still thinks of itself as a man and has a woman to do his work."
"You have traveled to this world without a summoning, and you've performed no ritual to arrive. This makes you trespassers, but in your foolishness, you've led in an offering for the Un-nameable." Cassilda gestured behind them.
They both turned.
The Living Void approached. The being that had been trying to eat Doug for days walked quickly over the yellow carpet and through the long-dead forest. The creature threw off its grey pullover and stepped out of its jeans as it progressed. The articles of clothing were still soaked in his sister's blood. Without the disguise, the Living Void's form became that of a night's sky in human outline.
"You were right, the gate between worlds wasn't closed when the glass door shattered. It followed us." Doug wrenched Ward to the right so they could try to avoid being sandwiched by the two entities.
Cassilda gestured to the sand behind her, and two stone seats rose. "Due to the magnitude of this food, which you've directed right to us, you will be given the honor of watching the un-nameable feast. Your mind will be rendered useless, but no lower form has ever been gifted such grace."
Doug spotted the outline of a door against the far wall, behind the two stones, and started pulling Ward toward it. The sight of their follower had frozen her feet to the ground.
The shadowy form of the Living Void continued toward them without regarding the two figures in yellow. "Tasty, tasty treats. Don't run any further. I've already pursued you here. Let me get my fill. I want the children you will inspire me to create. Be my aphrodisiac."
Ward and Doug are drenched by a tremendous wave of water that explodes out of the lake. Their recently dried clothes are soaked again. Out of the tumultuous churn rises the yellow-crowned king, but Doug sees that instead of two legs, the un-nameable has a massive white tentacle puppeteering his robes. The appendage leads to a huge gelatinous body. More tentacles slithered out of the form's central mass toward the Living Void. A tremor ran through Doug's body. Blood trickled from his nose. A primal part of his nervous system, something left from when his ancestors ran from lions in the jungle, told him that looking any longer would mean death.
Doug turned away and charged toward the door on the far wall, dragging Ward through wet sand. Cassilda glided around to block their escape. She stretched out her arms like a scarecrow. Behind him, he hears a titanic struggle as water splashed and old trees splintered apart.
"If you don't move, I'm going to punch that stupid mask right off your damn face," Doug shouted.
Cassilda retorted, "But I wear no mask."
Ward leaped forward, suddenly coming to her senses, and made good on Doug's threat. Her fist penetrated Cassilda's face, and the robes collapsed in on themselves, revealing no one inside. Doug followed Ward to the door. They pushed together, and the stone slab fell forward to reveal a grassy hill topped with a stone archway. Through the arch, Doug saw a shimmering vision of his apartment building.
"That might be my home, and even if it isn't, it will be better than here. Come on." He shouted over the chaotic sounds of battle behind them.
Doug and Ward dashed up the hill.
Continue to Part 10: The End?
Transverse: Part 6 – In a Hard Place
Troll Patrol – Part 5
2 thoughts on "The Threshold 9: The Court of the King in Yellow"
Fantastic, chaotic description of Carcossa and its inhabitants. Very other-worldly! I'm not sure why the text shifted between past tense and present tense in the last section. That pulled me out of the narrative. Also, the author used "then" instead of "than". Come on, guys, stay sharp. This is art!
Jeremiah Dylan Cook says:
Good catches. I've made the indicated updates. Thanks for reading. There's at least one more installment coming in The Threshold.


Keeping a desk April 2019 calendar with holidays on your office desk is ration of the corporate culture. Many people have them in their homes too! Its a great auxiliary to have. If you would subsequently to own a desk directory which has got a design of your choosing, we suggest you to choose any one of release printable Desk encyclopedia Templates we have compiled here. The templates are high tone and you can personalize the designs in any exaggeration you like. All Calendar templates are now additionally OpenOffice compatible.Free blank printable Calendar Templates for Excel. Ideal for use as a spreadsheet calendar. All Excel Calendars are clean and ideal for printing. All calendars are expertly designed for easy editing and printing. For additional layouts see links on the left. We are offering the greatest quality photographs of calendars which are free to download on any device. The whole world is now using the calendars for multipurpose and the monthly ones are used at large scale. download Printable Calendar 2019 with day by day planner template, including holidays and area for day by day notes within large boxed monthly calendar grid. Thats it! Just this much of creativity can resign yourself to you to a greater summit actually. If you are keen to devote a lot of era and effort upon your Free Calendar Templates customization, itll be best to use blank reference book templates in this regard. Most of the templates find the money for calendars for the current year. You can after that put in the desired pictures or photographs to these templates and can gift them to your loved ones in print.


text:
Ruleta puede referirse a:

 Ruleta, juego de azar.
 Ruleta, curva plana que describe la trayectoria de un punto.
 Ruleta, personaje de Marvel Comics.
 Ruleta, personaje de DC Comics.
 «Ruleta», canción de la cantante y actriz Danna Paola.
 «Ruleta», canción del grupo argentino Los Piojos.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Ras Diamond (* 1. Oktober 1998 in Blue Hills) ist ein Fußballspieler aus den Turks- und Caicosinseln.

Karriere
Beim Erstrunden-Qualifikationsrückspiel zur WM 2018 am 26. März 2015 war Diamond beim Heimspiel gegen St. Kitts und Nevis im Kader seines Landes, kam aber nicht zum Einsatz. Das Spiel wurde ebenso wie das Hinspiel drei Tage zuvor mit 2:6 verloren.

In der Saison 2016 wurde er Meister mit seinem Verein AFC Academy.

Erfolge
Meister der Provo Premier League: (1)
2016

Weblinks
 Ras Diamond bei worldfootball.com
 Profil bei metafootball.com

Einzelnachweise

Fußballspieler (AFC Academy)
Geboren 1998
Mann


keep stayin' wild, beautiful sun child. you're a free soul & they might not understand you, but you don't need to be understood to be amazing.
Poster measures 11" H x 8.5" W. Printed on 110 matte card stock.
Note: Color may appear slightly different in real life than shown due to differences in screens.
FREE SHIPPING! Ships within 1-3 business days. The item ships with USPS standard mail when shipping to the US. Once item ships, please allow up to 7 business days for delivery. These time frames are based on US orders; international orders may take additional time. If you have still not received your order after this time frame, you can contact us here or read our FAQ page.


Publications | Joshua P. Gray, Ph.D.
Below is a list of other sites I have created.
Sulfur mustard/vesicant research library - A curated list of all known references for mustard gas and related blistering agents. This site is maintained for the UMDNJ/Rutgers University CounterACT Research Center of Excellence.
Realtime PCR - A practical guide to running real-time PCR reactions.
PPAR outline - My first website, a copy of my outline for peroxisome proflierator activated receptors (PPARs), my Ph.D. thesis project.
Heart E., Palo M., Womack T., Smith P.J, Gray J.P. 2012. The level of menadione redox-cycling in pancreatic beta-cells is proportional to the glucose concentration: role of NADH and consequences for insulin secretion. Toxicol Appl PharmacolToxicol Appl Pharmacol. 258:216-25.
Gray J.P, Eisen T., Cline G.W, Smith P.J, Heart E.. 2011. Plasma membrane electron transport in pancreatic beta-cells is mediated in part by NQO1. Am J Physiol Endocrinol MetabAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 301:E113-21.
Gray J.P, Heart E.. 2010. Usurping the mitochondrial supremacy: extramitochondrial sources of reactive oxygen intermediates and their role in beta cell metabolism and insulin secretion. Toxicol Mech MethodsToxicol Mech Methods. 20:167-74.
Peyot M.L, Gray J.P, Lamontagne J., Smith P.J, Holz G.G, Madiraju S.R, Prentki M., Heart E.. 2009. Glucagon-like peptide-1 induced signaling and insulin secretion do not drive fuel and energy metabolism in primary rodent pancreatic beta-cells. PLoS OnePLoS One. 4:e6221.
Heart E., Cline G.W, Collis L.P, Pongratz R.L, Gray J.P, Smith P.J. 2009. Role for malic enzyme, pyruvate carboxylation, and mitochondrial malate import in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol MetabAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 296:E1354-62.
The contents and viewpoints expressed on this site are my own, and not necessarily those of the federal government.


Mertes, M. (2013): Primary sensory processing of visual and olfactory signals in the bumblebee brain. Bielefeld: Bielefeld University.
Braun, E.; Dittmar, L.; Böddeker, N.; Egelhaaf, M. (2012): Prototypical Components of Honeybee Homing Flight Behavior Depend on the Visual Appearance of Objects Surrounding the Goal Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience,6:(January): 1-16.
Dittmar, L.; Stürzl, W.; Baird, E.; Böddeker, N.; Egelhaaf, M. (2010): Goal seeking in honeybees: matching of optic flow snapshots? Journal of Experimental Biology,213:(17): 2913-2923.
Erber, J.; Pribbenow, B. (2000): Antennal movements in the honeybee: how complex tasks are solved by a simple neuronal system. In: Holk Cruse; J. Dean; Helge Ritter (Hrsg.): Prerational Intelligence. Adaptive behaviour and intelligent systems without symbols and logic. Kluwer. S. 109-121.


This species is easily identified by the two thick vertical bands and single horizontal band, however the pattern of the Spanner or T-Barb can vary from this norm. In some areas, for example Tioman Island, there are additional horizontal bars.
Inhabiting clear, forest streams this omnivorous species will venture into remarkably shallow water to feed on insects, worms and plant matter. Younger fish will shoal, but larger adults tend to be more solitary.
The species occurs mainly in Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore.
Fig 1 : Typical Spanner Barb patterning. Photo taken at Gunung Pulai, Johor, Peninsular Malaysia.
Fig 2 : Pale-coloured Spanner Barb in a shallow forest stream, Singapore.
Fig 3 : A small shoal lurks amongst submerged leaf litter in a quiet pool, Singapore.


I've just been talking to my grandad about going to watch the greyhound races this weekend for my birthday and he told me some fantastic family history that might be of interest to alot of people on here.
His dad John O'Donnell (1888-1949) entered a competition in the late 1920's/early 1930's to name the new Greyhound track that was to open (and as we understand rival the existing track that was opposite). His submitted the name 'Fullerton' (after a famous Greyhound from the late 1800's) and this won. His prize was 2 Greyhound dogs but from what we know as money was tight he was unable to keep the dogs.
The race track is no longer there but I understand there is still the Fullerton Carpark at the Football Stadium.
If anyone knows anymore about this or has access to the original newspaper article we would love to hear from you. Also, my grandparents are full of knowledge and stories about Leeds (East Leeds, the City Centre and the Catholic community especially) if anyone would like to chat to them.
John O'Donnell (1888-1949) entered a competition in the late 1920's/early 1930's to name the new Greyhound track that was to open. He submitted the name 'Fullerton' and this won.
It's interesting that the speedway track is called Fullerton Park on Buffaloskinner's link, and the greyhound track (over the road) is just labelled the Leeds Greyhound Racing Track. Presumably John O'Donnell's track wasn't as successful, and was converted to speedway use in 1928?
This is a little confusing - and what I know may raise more questions than answers!
The Greyhound track many of us remember, including myself - although I only ever went to one meeting, was on Elland Road of course, on the eastern side - opposite the Football ground. As far as I know this was called Leeds Greyhound Stadium or Elland Road Greyhound Stadium-it was certainly not Fullerton Park.
Fullerton Park was on the other side of Elland Road - ie the same side as the football ground , just to the south of it. This area is now car parking and is used for the valentines day fair. I remember when it had football pitches on it, but no stands. it was used as training grounds by Leeds United and was still referred to as Fullerton Park. Previous to that (up to the 1930s) it had been a stadium that was used for speedway, but struggled to pay its way. I can only assume that before the speedway this ground must have been used for Greyhound racing before the building of the other greyhound stadium on the oppisite side of Elland Road.
Ps from the link posted by Buffaloskinner I see that the owners of the ground called themselves 'Fullerton Sports Stadium ltd' suggesting that they at least intented to stage more than one type of sport.
I think you're right, Drapesy, except that the dog track over the road from Fullerton Park was presumably there first, and was ultimately more successful?
Having done a little digging on Google, I can't find anything about dog racing at Fullerton Park, except a comment from one Parksider on an August 2010 Secret Leeds thread, where he says, "I haven't researched this much, but I do believe Fullerton Park also did greyhound racing (there was I think more than one governing body) and near Hunslet's Parkside was "Parkside sports stadium" also a greyhound venue."
I like the sound of 1930 Leeds.
The talk of greyhound racing reminded me that I used to go to the Leeds Greyhound Stadium on the other side of Leeds United's Elland Road Football Ground. I'm fairly sure that it must have been at least 50 years back. Unfortunately I only have vague memories of the stadium but oddly one of my stronger such memories is of watching the races while having a mug of tea and some food from a cafe/snack bar! Does anyone else recall a cafe/snack bar there or is my memory wrong?


Next event uncommented was reinstallation of King Federer at Wimbledon. I have been watching Wimbledon since that epic 80 final between ice Bjorg and hot Mac. That was classic. Bjorg retired and Mac ruled 81, 83, 84 (excluding great match in 82 when Connors won). Then came in young boom boom unseeded Becker ruling 85 and 86. In 86 we had our own Ramesh Krishnan reaching quarterfinals which i think was a great achievement than winning doubles grandslams by current players who chose to fight with each other than play tennis or just be glammer dolls (only repect paes for Olympic bronze). Becker caught imagination and heart with his dives and power play. Pat Cash a one year wonder came into limelight in 87 just to cruelly destroy dream of Ivan Lendl who never won wimbledon. Over a turbulent period when Berlin wall was broken, cold war end and USSR dissolution, rivalry of Edberg and Becker was so intense that first weekend of July was much anticipated. I used to like Edberg so much that i had his poster on my study desk. Those were JEE, 12th days. In those days we used to get only semis and finals telecasted on DD amidst interrupting news. Unknown Stich prevailed in 91 coinciding with my surprise academic success, and then came days of satellite television when all matches were telecasted by star with Vijay Amritraj commenting. Agassi completed career slam in 92, and then came reign of King Sampras. Starting in 93, 94, 95 he did hat trick with no competition. In 96 when i got my first job there was a blip in SF against Krajichek who later won. Normal service resumed in 97,98, 99 and 00. Those we days when my professional life and personal life took roller coaster ride which settled in 00. 01 was landmark year. A youngster with headband from Basel, played match of his life against sampras and beat him. The baton was passed and era changed. Eventually that year Wimbledon was won by Goran who was famous for his service and a wild card entry. Such was the year when Riya was born! 02 was Hewitt's year when rains prevailed. Then the reign of Federer started. This player is complete player and an artist. You just love to watch his sublime play. He set hand on trophy in 03. There was no challenge in 04, 05 , 06 when roddick failed to compete. These were great times when Indian story bloomed and sensex reached 20000. In 07 buoyed by success on clay Nadal created a threat which he materialized in that epic final in 08. That was when recession started looming for all of us thanks to subprime crisis. In 09 finally roddick delivered epic final in which Federer prevailed competing 6 titles. Then there was a drought and everyone thought Federer's reign had ended. Nadal in 10 and thanks to incredible year Djoikovich had in 11, claimed the trophy. This year is again special especially when Euro zone crisis hit the economies, Indian story had paralysis but sure there is a hope as Federer reclaimed his no1 . Having seen wimbledon so long first time we had a local boy in final.World now has some hope. Hope is close to heart as this player is.


If you're not a fan of Folk music, you're still going to fall in love with Wildeyes' Nothing Less Nothing More'. The song will touch your heart and soul. What you're going to hear is a song that describes the internal battle for affirmation in the wake of a ruinous relationship. According to the press info, this song is less about a love lost and more about a courage found.
Those harmonies are simply out of this world!
'Nothing Less, Nothing More' is off the band's forthcoming album to be released in November, 2018.


Any decent choices I'm overlooking besides Delta's 8" variable speed (1725-3450) bench grinder (Model #GR450). I'd buy this one one blind except the reviews I read were sort of disappointing. I believe I want the slow speed option to help me avoid burning anything up.
What's a "slow speed" ? Half-speed of the usual fast (same mech, differently wound motor), or else a worm-geared 10" diameter wet wheel?
I'm using a horribly cheap geared wet wheel for HSS lathe tools. Crude, but does the job. So much cheaper than the other alternatives for wood turning. Cabinetry tools I do by hand, or sometimes with an angle grinder (tool held in a vice!) for resurrections and rough shapings.
My "biggest task" for the grinder, is to put a 3" camber on a plane iron. Any thoughts on how you would you approach that sharpening task? I guess I should learn what types of vices may be helpful with this. I hadn't considered using one up to now.
3) Grind a "crown" (is that the right word?) to the edge by raising the angle of the tool rests.
I've read that one should grind "into", rather than "out of" the metal so that the iron can absorb part of the heat. I can't seem to decide in (3) if the angle/crown should vary as one goes around the arc and the best way to accomplish this.
Failing that, the big wet wheel.
I just don't get these "half speed" white & pink wheel grinders. They're probably great for HSS and turning tools, but for something like a plane iron (thin, narrow angle, a steel that will burn easily, especially if laminated) they're still going to be too fast & too hot.
Especially considering that you can get a usable Tormek clone for a hundred bucks from Grizzly (Harbor Fright seems to have discontinued theirs).
I've got a variable-speed bench grinder but the only time I turn it on is when something needs some serious reshaping. Half-speed and friable wheels were a good solution when the alternatives were either crappy or expensive but that's no longer the case.
As I get older though my approach to sharpening gets more and more pragmatic--I don't even bother getting out the stones for the kitchen knives anymore--the bottom of a coffee mug puts as good an edge on them as I need. I dunno if that's because I've had enough practice that it's easy or that I'm less finicky about having some kind of impractically perfect edge.
I've had the 6" model for about a year and a half and it's been working fine for me. The tool rests aren't too bad - at least they have machined surfaces instead of being just stamped steel - and it comes with reasonably decent wheels. It's worth it to me just for the tool-less wheel changing feature alone.
Don't know a thing about them 'cept that I think Woodcraft has some brand on sale right now.
The wheel is important, too. Coarse, friable bond, white vitrified aluminum oxide cuts fast and cool, because the dull grains fall off under pressure, making the wheel somewhat self-dressing.
Cheap grinders probably need a tool rest upgrade. The Veritas works fine, but you can make your own easily if you're cheap.
The Delta grinder comes with one of those.
Yes, as you may know Lowes seems to be clearing Delta out (and replacing with Porter-Cable goods). I may drive to a few stores and see if I can find the GR450--maybe even at a clearance price. I found out tonight that my closest store has already cleared this model out.
You want to sharpen tools?
ITEM 2485-0VGA $40 @ H/F.
I thought a belt-sander would leave one with a concave rather than a convex bevel, no? Might be hard to hone decent micro-bevels after sharpening with it? Admittedly, the price is right.
I have that grinder, and like it. I use it for putting initial grinds on plane blades, chisels and lathe tool sharpening.
Out of the box you may be initially disappointed though. When I fired mine up the first time, it practically shook everything off the bench. The fix for this was to use the Oneway balancing system to get the wheels balanced properly.
I read your message and took it as a prompt. I went out and found "one left" at my second closest Lowes store--my usual store had already cleared them out. For $118, I don't think it has competition. I didn't like the tool rests on the new Porter-Cable model because they have "fixed positions", also the Delta unit is 5 Amps, instead of 4 Amps for the Porter Cable. I suspect this unit will last me a long while. I will look into the Oneway balancing system if necessary (thanks for the suggestion!).
I got mine from Lee Valley.
o) Don't use regular light bulbs in the stalk light. Just about any vibration and a regular light bulb will shake the filament apart. Instead get "fan bulbs"; these are designed for ceiling fans and can withstand some vibration.
o) You might also need to get some washers to help with the fit of the Oneway hubs, on the grinder's shafts.
o) The finish on the tool rests is a little lumpy/uneven. This is easily fixed by running a file over the rests. You'll feel this when you slide a plane blade back and forth over one.
Once I got mine tweaked and dialed in, it's been great. Having the ability to vary the speed via a dial is especially nice.
I noticed that at the link you provided, they have multiple shaft sizes. I believe the Delta grinder has 5/8" shaft. But as you point out, if the wheels that come with the grinder have inserts because they are realy cut larger, then I'll have to decide what to do. I'd be more tempted to buy the 5/8" Oneway balance system and use the wheels as they are (unless this is dangerous) or buy new wheels.
Slightly larger. They're not like the wheels you might buy new. I think most new wheels have something like a 1" center hole, and then typically come with a variety of plastic/rubber inserts to accomodate the different shaft sizes.
You buy the Oneway kit based upon the shaft size of the grinder--not the diameter of the grinding wheels. As I recall 5/8" sounds right for the shaft size of the Delta.
Once the Oneway system is in use, the grinding wheels need to fit a larger diameter shaft (i.e., that of the hub). If you want to use the grinding wheels that come with the Delta and the Oneway hubs--you MUST bore out the centers of the wheels.
groove in tool rest of new Delta grinder?
Can you describe your sharpening station?


This story has the traditional English detective novel as it's backbone. There's a limited pool of suspects – it isn't a closed room so technically there are an unlimited amount of suspects, but Quantrill plays fair and doesn't introduce any twin brother's from Peru– and there is the detective, Geraghty, to solve the crime. We follow Geraghty around as he interviews suspects and finally resolves the case. I can get put off by books like this because I work out who did it very early on. The rest of the book from that point is seeing what extra smoke trails the author lays down. They also tend to have one-dimensional characters and every detail is either a direct clue or a red-herring.I didn't get put off reading this book: I got sucked in. Perhaps that was because I wasn't totally concerned by who did it. The characters were well-developed and the unfolding story was engaging. The band's manager, the journalist, the Hull gangsters, the cops, the band members – girlfriends wives and would have been wives, they were all convincing portrayals. And so the story of their interactions, their own motivations and lives, was as interesting as the solving of the mystery.


text:
Swedenborg and Life Recap: The Modern Cain and Abel 11/2/2015
How can we apply the Bible story of Cain and Abel to our modern lives? Swedenborg answers this question in his multivolume work Secrets of Heaven, in which he combs through the meaning and symbolism behind the stories in Genesis and Exodus. In this episode of Swedenborg and Life, host Curtis Childs takes us through the story of Cain and Abel, examining the symbolism, meaning, and application that Swedenborg finds within each passage of the story.
Part One: Two Brothers, Two Offerings
"And the human knew Eve, his wife, and she conceived and delivered Cain; and she said, "I have acquired a man: Jehovah."–Genesis 4:1
In Swedenborg's assessment of the Bible story, each character corresponds to an idea, and the journey of that character tells us about that idea through different stages and changes. These concepts change through life, just as characters do. Swedenborg uses these associations or correspondences to explain aspects of human nature.
In Secrets of Heaven, Swedenborg writes, "The human and his wife, Eve, symbolize the earliest church." Here, the word "church" does not refer to an individual building. It refers to a mindset, a group of people who shared the same ideas. Swedenborg harkens back to an idea almost like the golden age, where people have access to heaven and communication with God. At first, this group of people, or "church," had everything—they could communicate with the heavens and feel that heavenly love. However, nothing perfect can stay perfect, so the golden age began to fall. In this story, the catalyst in the fall was a spiritual shift represented by Cain.
Swedenborgian Symbolism: "I have acquired the man Jehovah" means "the faith among those called Cain was recognized and acknowledged as a thing in itself" (Secrets of Heaven #338)
Cain symbolizes a shift in thought in this "golden age," when people began writing down the truth or faith they perceived. Cain represents the creation of a doctrine that can be separated from pure spiritual love. In this "golden age," people originally just knew how to act and knew what was right without any sort of doctrinal discussion. But after the appearance of "Cain," people started to drift into a written, conceptual theology and treated the development of theological ideas as something you discover rather than as a universal truth. In that way, they gave doctrine more power than love.
Swedenborgian Symbolism: Cain represents faith or truth. (Secrets of Heaven #338).
"And she went on to deliver his brother Abel. And Abel was a shepherd of the flock; and Cain was one who cultivated the ground."–Genesis 4:2
As Genesis introduces a new character, Swedenborg introduces a new concept: love. Abel is Adam and Eve's second-born or "the church's second-born" (don't forget what the first two people represent: the golden age church). As this second-born, Abel represents charity or love (Secrets of Heaven #341).
Swedenborgian Symbolism: Abel represents charity. (Secrets of Heaven #341)
Abel is a shepherd of the flock, which refers to the "people who do the good that charity inspires . . . One who leads and teaches is called a shepherd, or pastor, while those who are led and taught are termed the flock. . . . What purpose is there to faith, or to the facts, insights, and teaching of faith, except that we may become what faith teaches us to be?"–Secrets of Heaven #341-5
Cain, however, is called a cultivator of the ground, which refers to the "people who lack charity, however attached they may be to a faith separated from love, which is no kind of faith. . . . People whose sights were set on bodily and earthly interests were said to cultivate the ground" (Secrets of Heaven #341-5). A cultivator of the ground invokes a harsh image of digging through the dirt to get food, forcing the ground to produce what one wants from it instead of working with the earth. This concept of removing something from an ecosystem would have been a well-known idea during Swedenborg's lifetime. At 11:50, Lincoln Smith talks about forest gardens—gardening within the limits of the land and working with the land to keep the forest whole and still benefit from the food it produces. This is in contrast to the idea of Cain cultivating the ground–working within the land is better than taking a bulldozer to it.
"And it happened at the end of some days that Cain brought forward some of the fruit of the ground as an offering to Jehovah. And Abel, too, brought forward some of the firstborn of his flock and of their fat."–Genesis 4:3-4
Without any symbolism, this part is confusing. Those both sound like nice things to give to God—wouldn't God like both offerings equally? However, in Swedenborg's symbolism, they represent different things. Cain's offering represents acting on the right thing without loving other people. On the other hand, Abel's offering represents everything connected with love, including all the heavenly loving qualities.
Swedenborgian Symbolism: "The end of some days means the passage of time. Fruit of the ground means doing what faith requires without loving others. An offering to Jehovah means the worship rising out of those deeds." (Secrets of Heaven #346)
Swedenborgian Symbolism: "Abel here symbolized charity. The firstborn of his flock symbolized holiness, which is exclusively the Lord's. The fat symbolizes the actual quality of heaven, which is also the Lord's. Jehovah looked on Abel and his offering means that everything connected with charity was pleasing to the Lord, as was all worship springing from charity." (Secrets of Heaven #349)
Through these representations, Swedenborg writes that God was pleased by the acts of love, while the acts of faith separated from love upset him. This is not the only place where Swedenborg writes that God dislikes faith without love—Swedenborg often says that truth is nothing unless there's love to go along with it.
Part Two: A Murder
"And Jehovah looked on Abel and on his offering. But Cain and his offering he ignored. And anger kindled strongly in Cain, and his face fell. And Jehovah said to Cain, 'Why has anger kindled in you and why has your face fallen? If you do well, will it not raise you up? And if you do not do well, sin lies at your door. And [Abel] longs for you, but you rule him.'"–Genesis 4:4
With this passage, the tension begins; God likes one brother and doesn't like the other. Just looking at the characters, it doesn't seem to make sense—they're both trying, right? However, with the symbolism, the concepts each brother represents are very different.
Swedenborgian Symbolism: Cain "symbolizes faith detached from love" with the anger that meant, "charity took its leave." (Secrets of Heaven #355)
This passage explains the human tendency to speak of love without acting from love. Cain's anger holds particular significance in this scenario because it demonstrates that when he pushed love away, he was incapable of acting with understanding and graciousness.
Swedenborgian Symbolism: "Anger is a generalized emotion—our reaction to everything that stands in the way of self-love and the desires that go along with it . . . Whatever does not favor self-love and materialism arouses opposition, which displays itself as anger." (Secrets of Heaven #357)
At the end of this passage, Abel longs for Cain, meaning the charity longs for the faith to go with it; however, when faith rules over charity, or when ideas are more important than people, nothing can be good. Love needs to lead, and ideas have to follow the love.
"And it happened when they were in the field that Cain rose up against Abel his brother and killed him."–Genesis 4:8
This symbolizes the moment religion–in the form of organized, formal doctrine–killed love. Detached from love, ideas can kill.
Swedenborgian Symbolism: "Cain said to Abel," means a length of time, while a field means every point of doctrine. (Secrets of Heaven #366)
We can see the killing of love through ideas all over the place, especially in the name of religion. Just think of all the religious wars that have occurred in our history and the ones still being waged today. On a smaller scale, Curtis mentions online bullying, parents judging parents, etc.—all committed by people attached to ideas that stem from love.
Part Three: Consequences
"And Jehovah said to Cain, 'Where is Abel, your brother?' And He said, 'I do not know. Am I my brother's guardian?'"–Genesis 4:9
Swedenborgian Symbolism: Jehovah said to Cain means "a certain perception from deep down that spoke of charity, which is Abel, your brother. He said, 'I do not know. Am I my brother's guardian?' means that he considered charity worthless, not wanting to act as its servant. So it means that he totally rejected anything having to do with charity. This is what their doctrine had become." (Secrets of Heaven #370)
Love isn't a thought in Cain's mind—or love isn't a thought in the mind of ideas that have run rampant. Detached from love, true ideas find love worthless, because in that state, only the truth matters.
"And he said, 'What have you done? The voice of your brother's blood is crying out to me from the ground!'"–Genesis 4:10
This symbolizes an internal realization that something wrong has happened. Guilt sets in . . .
"And now, a curse on you from the ground, which opened its mouth, receiving your brother's blood from your hand!"–Genesis 4:11
Our true identity comes from love. When we lose sight of that, we lose sight of ourselves and become spiritual drifters.
"'When you cultivate the ground, it will no longer yield its strength to you. A wanderer and fugitive you will be on the earth.' And Cain said to Jehovah, 'My wickedness is too great to be taken away. Look, you have thrown me out today, off the face of the ground. And I will be hidden from your face, and I will be a wanderer and fugitive on the earth. And it will come about that anyone who finds me will kill me.'"–Genesis 4:12-14
Swedenborgian Symbolism: "Being a wanderer and fugitive on the earth means not knowing what is true or good" (Secrets of Heaven #380).
This passage symbolizes a state of internal wandering that leads to confusion and despair. "When we deprive ourselves of charity, we cut ourselves off from the Lord" (Secrets of Heaven #388-9). Being cut off from the Lord is like a spiritual death, having no love from God. It is from this separation of love and faith, Swedenborg asserts, that fear arises.
Swedenborgian Symbolism: "This place and others in the Word depict those who are subject to falsity and evil—how they flee, and how they fear they will be killed. Everything causes them fear because no one is protecting them. All who have evil and falsity inside hate their neighbor; therefore each of them is eager to kill the others." (Secrets of Heaven #390-91)
Cain doesn't die because he's cut himself off from the Lord, but he does suffer in a personal state of hell since his feelings of happiness come from causing hurt.
Part Four: A Mark
"And Jehovah said to him, 'Therefore anyone who kills Cain will suffer sevenfold vengeance.' And Jehovah put a mark on Cain, that no one who found him should strike him."–Genesis 4:15
While religious doctrine has led to death and destruction, there have also been countless benefits and positive outcomes for humanity. That's why Jehovah saved Cain. He protects Cain with a mark—protecting Cain is worth it, because the truth has to survive. Even though it has the potential for evil, preserving faith is worth it; more good will come out of faith than evil.
Part Five: Outside Eden
"And Cain went out from before Jehovah; and he lived in the land of Nod, to the east of Eden. And Cain knew his wife, and she conceived and delivered Enoch. And [Cain] was building a city, and he named the city after his son, Enoch"–Genesis 4:16
Swedenborgian Symbolism: "Cain went out from before Jehovah means that he was cut off from the good inherent in a loving faith . . . His living in the land of Nod is living outside truth and goodness . . . Living to the east of Eden means living by the dictates of the intellectual part of the mind, where before love had reigned supreme; it is also living by the dictates of the rational mind, where before charity had reigned supreme. This is established by earlier statements concerning the symbolism of Eden's east, in which the east is identified with the Lord, and Eden, with love." (Secrets of Heaven #397-8)
Cain leaves the land, just as cut-off faith runs from the places where love rules. He builds a city, which represents the many ideas that comes from a single idea—usually in the form of heresies. Cities often correspond with the idea of the mind, especially in the way it is organized. Cain then finds a wife. The wife represents the ideas that come with a false doctrine of life, when one has to start bringing in ideas that don't come from God, just as the wife comes from outside.
Despite the sins of Cain and all humankind, there is always a chance for rebirth. In this story, it comes in the form of a child.
Part Six: The Child
"And the human knew his wife again, and she delivered a son and called his name Seth, 'Because God has restored other seed for me in place of Abel, since Cain killed him.' And to Seth in turn a son was born, and he called his name Enosh. Then people began to call on the name of Jehovah."–Genesis 4:25-26
Swedenborgian Symbolism: "When a church has been so thoroughly devastated that no more faith remains, it makes a new start; a new light shines out. In the Word, this is called "morning.'" (Secrets of Heaven #408)
Seth comes along and shows that there is a new love. Then, when Seth has a son, people once again start to call on the name of God.
Swedenborgian Symbolism: Seth "symbolizes a new faith that will allow charity to take hold." (Secrets of Heaven #434).
What would happen if Abel (love) leads Cain (faith) instead of Cain (faith) killing Abel (love)?
In this perfect world, all churches join together into one because there is no doctrinal differences. Faith always follow love, which would act like heaven, working together as a single body to follow God and his commandments as one.
Doesn't that seem like a perfect world?
Secrets of Heaven, volume 1


text:
by Isaac ben Levi
About Isaac
Kids Fun!
Lego Build of New Book Release
March 9, 2018 by Editor@LivingTreePress.com
Lego Model from 'Great Railroad Series: Our First Locomotive' by Isaac ben Levi
Proving he is still a kid at heart – teen author Isaac ben Levi started a Lego build from book 1 in the series. He is the Ozark Mountain Railroad's First Locomotive named Andrew.
Up-and-Coming Children's Author Releases Delightful Railroad Story
First in Children's Heavy Machinery Books on Amazon for New Release!
Springfield, MO – Author Isaac ben Levi is pleased to announce the release of his new book, "Great Railroad Series: Our First Locomotive." First published on March 5th, the book is available both in print and eBook format, and can be purchased on Amazon.
Suitable for children and train lovers of all ages, this captivating story about the beginning of a small railroad has the look and feel of a classic. Readers will be enthralled to see how the first locomotive, saved from the scrap pile, embraces his new role as the journey begins. The action gets exciting as the engine discovers adventures that await in his new home.
A wondrously illustrated choice of bedtime reading for train lovers everywhere, this is the first in the series that's sure to become a new favorite for readers of short stories.
Isaac ben Levi has always been fascinated with the railroad and history surrounding how it brought life to towns across the nation. He is currently a sophomore in High School and is an encyclopedia of railroad knowledge. His dream is to inspire children of all ages to learn about the impact of trains and perhaps one day build a line himself.
When he is not writing, you will find him in the Ozark Mountains enjoying all that life on a homestead provides. His beloved animals, LEGO trains, shooting sports, photography, art, science, survival skills, and reading are among his favorites.
For more information about Isaac and "Great Railroad Series: Our First Locomotive," visit Amazon or the Great Railroad Series website.
• Publisher: Living Tree Press, LLC
• Edition: 1
• Available in: Print and eBook
• ISBN: 978-1732035508
• Published: March 5, 2018
Company Name: Living Tree Press, LLC
Email: Editor@LivingTreePress.com
#1 New Release Children's Train books
Great Railroad Series: Our First Locomotive (Volume 1) Paperback – March 5, 2018
by Isaac ben Levi (Author), Daniela Lucia (Illustrator)
#1 New Release in Children's Trains Books
This delightful book, about the beginning of a small railroad, has the look and feel of a classic. It's fun to see the first locomotive, saved from the scrap pile, embrace his new role as the journey begins. The action gets exciting as the engine discovers adventures that await in his new home. A wondrously illustrated choice of bedtime reading for train lovers everywhere; or a new favorite for young readers of short stories. Please join us as the Ozark Mountain Railroad gets its start and the dream begins!
Isaac ben Levi
Isaac has always been fascinated with the railroad and history surrounding how it brought life to towns across the nation. He is currently a sophomore in High School and is an encyclopedia of railroad knowledge. His dream is to inspire children of all ages to learn about the impact of trains and perhaps one day build a line himself.
Please visit my fun page for kids and learn about the next books in the series!
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
#1 New Release!!!!!!!!!!!!
Filed Under: Media Tagged With: Bedtime Train Stories, Books for Kids who like Trains, Childrens Books about Trains, Story Books about Trains, Train Book Series
Train Book Series, Children's Books about Trains, Books for Kids who like Trains, Bedtime Train Stories, Story Books about Trains
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text:
Q: Create a directory in Perl outside of bin folder I'm trying to create a folder in perl but it either appears in the C:\ drive or the folder where my perl script is located.
 use File::Basename;
 use File::Path qw/make_path/;

 my $file = "/$tournamentName/files/archive/";
 my $dir = dirname($file);
 make_path($dir);

The above code places the $tournamentName folder in the C:\ drive. How can I specify that the folder is created outside of bin - preferably in the parent folder of bin.
Thanks

A: my $dir = "$path_to_bin/../$tournamentName";

If you mean the directory in which the script is located,
use FindBin qw( $RealBin );

my $dir = "$RealBin/../$tournamentName";


text:
package forestry.api.lepidopterology;

import java.util.Locale;

import forestry.api.genetics.AlleleManager;
import forestry.api.genetics.IAllele;
import forestry.api.genetics.IAlleleArea;
import forestry.api.genetics.IAlleleBoolean;
import forestry.api.genetics.IAlleleFloat;
import forestry.api.genetics.IAlleleFlowers;
import forestry.api.genetics.IAlleleInteger;
import forestry.api.genetics.IAlleleTolerance;
import forestry.api.genetics.IChromosomeType;
import forestry.api.genetics.ISpeciesRoot;

public enum EnumButterflyChromosome implements IChromosomeType {
	/**
	 * Species of the bee. Alleles here must implement {@link IAlleleButterflySpecies}.
	 */
	SPECIES(IAlleleButterflySpecies.class),
	/**
	 * Physical size.
	 */
	SIZE(IAlleleFloat.class),
	/**
	 * Flight speed.
	 */
	SPEED(IAlleleFloat.class),
	/**
	 * How long the butterfly can last without access to matching pollinatables.
	 */
	LIFESPAN(IAlleleInteger.class),
	/**
	 * Species with a higher metabolism have a higher appetite and may cause more damage to their environment.
	 */
	METABOLISM(IAlleleInteger.class),
	/**
	 * Determines likelyhood of caterpillars and length of caterpillar/pupation phase. Also: Number of max caterpillars after mating?
	 */
	FERTILITY(IAlleleInteger.class),
	/**
	 * Not sure yet.
	 */
	TEMPERATURE_TOLERANCE(IAlleleTolerance.class),
	/**
	 * Not sure yet.
	 */
	HUMIDITY_TOLERANCE(IAlleleTolerance.class),
	/**
	 * Only nocturnal butterflys/moths will fly at night. Allows daylight activity for naturally nocturnal species.
	 */
	NOCTURNAL(IAlleleBoolean.class),
	/**
	 * Only tolerant flyers will fly in the rain.
	 */
	TOLERANT_FLYER(IAlleleBoolean.class),
	/**
	 * Fire resistance.
	 */
	FIRE_RESIST(IAlleleBoolean.class),
	/**
	 * Required flowers/leaves.
	 */
	FLOWER_PROVIDER(IAlleleFlowers.class),
	/**
	 * Extra effect to surroundings. (?)
	 */
	EFFECT(IAlleleButterflyEffect.class),
	/**
	 * Not used yet
	 */
	TERRITORY(IAlleleArea.class),
	;

	Class<? extends IAllele> clss;

	EnumButterflyChromosome(Class<? extends IAllele> clss) {
		this.clss = clss;
	}

	@Override
	public Class<? extends IAllele> getAlleleClass() {
		return clss;
	}

	@Override
	public String getName() {
		return this.toString().toLowerCase(Locale.ENGLISH);
	}

	@Override
	public ISpeciesRoot getSpeciesRoot() {
		return AlleleManager.alleleRegistry.getSpeciesRoot("rootButterflies");
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: The smallest integer $n$ allowing a certain integer partition of $4n + 1$ There are four pirates splitting treasury. During the night, each pirate comes and discovers the treasury has $4n+1$ many golds. So they take $n+1$ and leave the remaining $3n = 4k+1$ for some other pirates. After the night, the four pirates come and again realize there are $4n+1$ golds for some $n$. So they each take $n$ and leave $1$ dollar as operation cost. What is the smallest possible number of golds initially.
Writing some code shows that it's $1021$. I wonder if there is some easy solution to this brain teaser. What I observed in calculation: the possible number for the initial treasury are $1024n - 3$ and $1024 = 2^8$. This is not a trivial pattern, so there might be some easy rational that I just don't see.

A: Let the original pieces of gold be $4n_0+1$. For $i = 1, 2, 3, 4$, let the pieces of gold left, after the looting of pirate $i$ during the night, be $4n_i+1$.
So we have $3 n_i = 4 n_{i+1} + 1$, or $3 (n_i+1) = 4 (n_{i+1} + 1)$.
Therefore, $n_0+1 = 3^{-4} 4^4 (n_4+1)$.  The minimum value of $n_4$ to maintain all integer $n_i$ is thus $n_4 + 1 = 3^4$.
The rest is then obvious.


text:
Leah WrightRigueur
Shutzer Fellow
Black Men in a White House
Leah Wright Rigueur is an assistant professor of public policy at the Harvard Kennedy School. She is an expert on race, politics, and contemporary history, and her research interests include US political and social history, African American political and social history, civil rights, political ideology, the American presidency, the American two-party system, and social movements. She is the author of the award-winning book The Loneliness of the Black Republican: Pragmatic Politics and the Pursuit of Power (Princeton University Press, 2014).
While at Radcliffe, Rigueur is working on a book project, "Black Men in a White House," that explores the roots of contemporary racial and political polarization through an examination of the tumultuous racial and political politics of the 1980s and 1990s. Her research looks at the national transformation of political ideologies, social and political movements of the left and the right, and the racial politics of the GOP and the Democratic Party. Of particular interest are those racial and civil rights issues and policies that cut across the elite and grassroots level, including domestic economics, social welfare, housing, and crime and justice.
Rigueur holds a PhD in history from Princeton University and a BA in history from Dartmouth College. Her research, writing, and commentary has been featured in a number of different outlets, including the Atlantic, MSNBC, the New York Times, NPR, PBS, Polity, the Social Science Research Council, and the Washington Post.
2017–2018 Radcliffe Institute Fellows
Research Partnership


text:
Custom-writing-expert.com
HOME > Free Essays > Business Essays > Transition from Hunting and Gathering to Sedentism
Transition from Hunting and Gathering to Sedentism
According to the universally accepted opinion, hunting and gathering were the most ancient evolutional stage of economy. However, some communities of hunters and gatherers have successfully survived until our time. An unprejudiced approach shows that foraging and agriculture are different economic strategies, and each of them is efficient under certain circumstances. Social and economic reasons cause the transition of nomadic foragers to sedentary farming, but favorable biogeographical conditions are the basic prerequisite.
Wrong Assumptions about the Reasons for Transition to Sedentism
Back in the early history of humanity, all people lived from hunting and gathering. The so-called Neolithic Revolution around 10,000 B.C. achieved domestication of plants and animals, invention of tools, and development of cultivation techniques. It facilitated quick growth of human population, emergence of specialists not engaged in food production, and acceleration of technological progress (Lee & Daly, 1999)
A tendency to regard foraging as an evolutionary stage has several reasons. First, industrial and agricultural societies considered nomadic foraging lifestyle to be pre-historic and uncivilized. Second, traditional approach regards foraging cultures as poor ones, which reflects the comparative level of welfare but not the actual level of affluence. Thus, some anthropologists believe that the transition to sedentism occurred to increase stock of products and allot more time for leisure (Sahlins, 1972).
Until 1500 AD, killing animals for food was a prevailing activity as hunting communities occupied one-third of the globe (Lee & Daly, 1999). Nevertheless, some hunting and gathering societies, such as the Arctic Inuit, Australian Aborigines, the San people of Kalahari, as well as other groups, practice the Paleolithic lifestyle even in our time. The mere existence of such communities nowadays proves the efficiency of foraging economies, at least for certain geographical conditions. Moreover, Sahlins (1972) argues that their level of comfort is higher than that in agricultural and industrial societies due to the low standards of living.
The accumulation of material resources or per capita income is an irrelevant criterion for assessment of welfare of hunting-gathering societies. Sahlins (1972) proves that the balance of means and needs should judge hunting-gathering economies. Thus, the Bushmen of Kalahari, as well as other foraging communities, enjoy "a kind of material plenty" that is characterized by availability of food and other resources they need (Sahlins, 1972). Moreover, since hunters lead a nomadic lifestyle, traveling from one resource to another and accumulation of material goods reduces their mobility and hence adaptation possibilities. Therefore, possession of items is not a sign of welfare in hunting and gathering communities.
The desire for an easier lifestyle is also not a satisfactory explanation. The assumption that hunters and gatherers spend all their time in search of food is wrong. In fact, the able members of such communities, for example, the Dobe section of Kung Bushmen researched by Lee, work approximately two and a half working days per week, which is much less than tillers have to work (Sahlins, 1972). They spend the remaining time on leisure activities, such as entertaining, visiting, and dancing. Hence, the Kung demonstrate a "characteristic Paleolithic rhythm of a day or two on, a day or two off – the latter passed desultorily in camp" (Sahlins, 1972).
The Reasons for Transition to Sedentism
With all the benefits of hunting and gathering that provided enough resources and enough leisure, it is important to find a valid explanation why some communities switch to agriculture and sedentism.
Hibbs and Olsson (2004) believe that the reasons lie in the initial biogeographic conditions of the Late Paleolithic. They consider that the size of the Eurasian continent, its vast Mediterranean zone, richness and variety of flora and fauna, and its east-west spatial orientation were advantageous for domestication of plants and animals and development of agriculture. For this reason, the transition to sedentary lifestyle occurred in Eurasia earlier than elsewhere. The Neolithic shift to agricultural production and animal husbandry happened between 8,500 and 2,500 B.C. (Hibbs & Olson, 2004). It is worth mentioning that both developments were intentional strategies (Zeder, 2006). Compared with foraging, sedentism provided the possibility to produce more goods, create and preserve surplus, feed more people, and assign people for other specialized activities. Animal domestication also changed the lifestyle of people. The aim of this process was to tame a companion, potential prey, or a beast of burden (Zeder, 2012). Once new technologies developed locally, natural corridors of the continent enabled the dispersal and exchange of ideas.
Hibbs and Olson (2004) come to a set of conclusions about the determinants of technological progress. First, geographic location is the key factor that determined the biogeographic suitability of the region for human activities in prehistory. Second, richer biogeographic conditions facilitated the transition to settled agriculture and further technological and economic development. The foci of sedentism depended on the variety and availability of domesticable wild animals and heavy-seeded edible grasses. Third, geography and initial biogeography remain important factors even after the development of political structures and institutions (Hibbs & Olson, 2004). Modification of natural and social conditions, such as the change in availability of resources or introduction of new technologies can certainly cause the change of the subsistence strategy (Layton et al., 1991).
Archaeological findings help to understand the preconditions and reasons for transition from hunting-gathering to settled agriculture. Both cases prove the importance of initial biogeographical conditions for the change.
Natufian Culture
Sedentary Natufian culture appeared around 13,000 or 12,800 B.P. in Central Levant. Up to that time, small mobile bands of hunters-gatherers had settled the region. The excavations show that they lived from farming and used foraging as a secondary strategy. Natufians lived in pit-houses; so all their camps were located in woodland rich in oak and pistachio. The undergrowth yielded plenty of cereals, and additionally the population hunted different species of gazelle and ibex. They collected seeds from April to June and fruit from September to November (Bar-Yosef, 1998).
The biogeographical conditions of the Levant were favorable for the appearance of and agricultural society. It is 50-350 km wide and 1,100 km long Mediterranean zone in the Middle East consisting of a narrow coastal plane, two parallel mountain ranges, a rift valley between them, and an eastward sloping plateau. In the Early Neolith, the region was fertile, with abundance of oak woodland providing the widest range of forage and game. The precipitation amount was from 400 to 1,200 mm a year (Bar-Yosef, 1998).
Natufian sites range in size from 15 to 1,000 sq m and are rich in artifacts. Apart from the domestic structures, some constructions were used for ritual purposes. There are also some storage places such as a paved bin in Hayonim Terrace and plastered pits in Ain Mallaha. Natufians produced bone and stone tools, basketry, figurines, and decorations of bones, marine shells, greenstone, and malachite. Excavations revealed a large amount of bedrock mortars, portable mortars, various bowls, pestles, cupholes, and mullers. Special tools utilized by people of that epoch included picks and sickle blades. Sickles with bone or wooden handles were used for harvesting cereals. Anthropologists assume that Natufians adopted these tools, because they needed to intensify harvesting wild grasses (Bar-Yosef, 1998).
The climatic crisis of Younger Dryas that occurred around 11,000-10,300 B.P. caused a decline of the Natufian culture. Decreasing precipitation caused lower yields of fruits and grasses, so game became less abundant as well. Natufians exhausted food resources and had to adapt to the change by either improving hunting techniques or adopting a mobile lifestyle (Bar-Yosef, 1998).
Neolithic Culture of Levant
Generations after the decline of Natufians – a new sedentary culture appeared in the same area. New farmers were descendents of Natufians that adopted social and technological changes. The population used the favorable biogeographical conditions of the Mediterranean zone. Neolithic sites are distributed along the so-called Levantine Corridor that stretches along the Mediterranean, between the coastal ridge on the west and steppe areas on the east and the south. One of the Neolithic entities that appeared between 10,300 and 9,300 B.P. in the Jordan Valley is called Sultanian. Its main sites are Jericho, Gilgal, Netiv Hagdud, Gesher, and others. Neolithic settlements were several times larger than Natufian villages.
Excavations of the Neolithic sites show that people lived in pit-houses with stone foundation, used mud bricks, applied fire cracked rocks for cooking, and participated in communal constructions such as the walls and the tower of Jericho. Unlike Natufian sites, each village had a silo in the form of small stone-built bins or larger built-up mud-brick constructions. The people grew domesticated barley and wheat, and they also used to store grain.
Though Sultanians were descendents of the Natifian culture, archaeological excavations display new techniques and artifacts. Neolithic people made blades for sickles and other cutting objects, they improved arrow points and used perforators, axes-adzes, and polished celts. Numerous pounding tools, including slabs with cupholes, hand stones, and rounded shallow grinding bowls were used for grinding cereals.
In summary, foraging and agriculture are different subsistence strategies that can exist separately or complementarily. The transition from hunting-gathering to settled agriculture occurred in some communities with the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. The origins of farming appeared in geographically favorable regions, such as the Mediterranean ones, that offered good climatic conditions and abundance of plants and animal species. Therefore, favorable initial biogeography is a necessary prerequisite for transition. Further reasons for a shift to another lifestyle are the changes in social and economic life.
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