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Game Preview: Bills at Patriots
The New England Patriots host the Buffalo Bills for a divisional matchup at Gillette Stadium.
by New England Patriots & Paul Perillo
WEEK 16 · Sun 12/26 · 1:00 PM EST
CBS / WBZ
PATRIOTS: Game Release (PDF) | Roster | Depth Chart | Stats | Ways to Watch
BILLS: Roster | Depth Chart | Stats | Injury Report | Roster Flip-Card (PDF)
The New England Patriots will play the Buffalo Bills for the second time in a three-game span, following the 14-10 victory at Buffalo in a Monday Night Football Game on Dec. 6. The Patriots are looking for their 28th series sweep overall over Buffalo and their 16th series sweep of the Bills under Bill Belichick.
The Patriots seven-game winning streak was snapped last Saturday following a 27-17 loss at Indianapolis. The Patriots will look to rebound and earn a 10-win season for the 27th time in team history with a victory over the Bills.
PATRIOTS AIMING FOR 10-WIN SEASON FOR 27TH TIME IN TEAM HISTORY
The Patriots enter this week's game with a 9-5 record, aiming for their 27th 10-win season to tie Dallas for most 10-win seasons since the 1970 NFL merger.
SCOUTING THE MATCHUPS
By Paul Perillo
The Bills come to town looking for redemption and a chance to win the AFC East
When the Patriots ran - Edge: Patriots
Given the success the Patriots had on the ground in Buffalo when the Bills knew it was coming, it's hard to imagine New England's ground game not being productive once again. For obvious reasons this game will be much different than the first, which took place in heavy winds two Mondays ago, but the premise is hard to ignore. Assuming the weather conditions are closer to normal, the Bills defense will have to play both the run and the pass and that should make life easier for Rhamondre Stevenson and the rest of the Patriots backfield. It would help to get Damien Harris back in the mix to recreate the one-two punch on display in Buffalo after Harris was forced to sit out the Colts game with a sore hamstring. The offensive line needs to bounce back as well after struggling to open holes for Stevenson last week. The score eventually got of hand and eliminated the running game, but Stevenson struggled to find openings early on as well and finished with just 36 yards on 10 carries. Expect the production to return to more normal levels against a Bills team that has had problems being physical up front. Coach Sean McDermott will likely focus on that area this week so some improvement can be expected, but the Patriots are the more physical team and should control the line of scrimmage.
When the Patriots pass - Edge: Bills
Mac Jones is coming off his worst game as a pro in the loss to Indy. His two interceptions played a major part of the team's large deficit, and he was unable to mount much offense until the game had been decided. Still, Jones showed some toughness by rallying his team to 17 points in the fourth quarter and his pair of touchdown throws to Hunter Henry allowed New England a chance at the end. After the game Jones pointed toward a bad week of preparation playing a part in the team's demise, so expect a bounce back from him and the rest of the offense. However, he might be without a couple of targets as Nelson Agholor and N'Keal Harry left the Colts game and Kendrick Bourne began the week in COVID protocols. That leaves Henry and Jakobi Meyers for Jones to throw to against a Bills secondary that is still finding its way without top corner Tre'Davious White. Despite the loss of White, Buffalo remains tops in the league in pass defense, allowing 175.6 yards per game and 5.4 yards per pass. The group was completely untested in the first meeting as the Patriots attempted just three passes. Assuming the Bills will be much more competitive against the run this time around, look for Jones to target Dane Jackson, whose playing time has risen since White went down. Pass protection will be key as well as the Bills create a lot of pressure despite their modest number of sacks.
When the Bills run - Edge: Patriots
The Patriots trouble stopping the run continued in Indy as Jonathan Taylor ran wild en route to a 170-yard evening. New England now ranks 24th in the league stopping the run, allowing 122.4 yards per game and 26th with 4.6 yards per rush. Fortunately the Patriots won't have to deal with a formidable rushing attack this week as Buffalo doesn't spend much time trying to establish its ground game. Devin Singletary is solid but unspectacular, averaging a healthy 4.7 yards per rush but has only 633 yards on 134 carries and three touchdowns all season. Buffalo doesn't run it often unless Josh Allen is involved, and his recent foot injury prevented him from taking off much in last week's win over Carolina in which he ran just once. Still, Singletary was effective and the Bills managed to get him more involved than he had been, perhaps indicating offensive coordinator Brian Daboll is more willing to keep it on the ground and take some pressure off his quarterback in the process. The Patriots shut down the Bills ground game two weeks ago and certainly will be looking to bounce back from a poor showing against the Colts. One thing to keep an eye on is the status of linebacker Ja'Whaun Bentley, who missed most the Indy game with an ankle injury. If he's not back in the lineup the Patriots will need Jamie Collins and Kyle Van Noy to fill the void.
When the Bills pass - Edge: Bills
Allen remains one of the most dangerous quarterbacks in football and even the heavy winds in Buffalo didn't completely shut him down the last time. When he's locked in and getting the ball to Stephon Diggs, Cole Beasley and Gabriel Davis as well as tight end Dawson Knox, the Bills offense can be one of the most high-powered in the league. Emmanuel Sanders missed last week's game with a knee injury, allowing Davis to step in and grab a pair of touchdowns. Davis also scored against the Patriots, so he's more than capable of filling a bigger role. Knox had a few uncharacteristic drops in the first meeting, so Daboll might want to revisit that matchup this time around. The Patriots secondary has played well for the most part and ranks slightly behind the Bills at third in the league, allowing 185.1 yards per game through the air and second with 5.9 yards per play. The key for New England will be applying pressure on Allen and not letting him escape the pocket, where he can do damage with his legs. The Patriots made him uncomfortable at times in the past, and that can lead to mistakes. Look for Bill Belichick to dial up some heat to force the ball out quickly, as was the case on the game deciding play in the closing minutes in Buffalo. If Matthew Judon & Co. can get home, the Patriots secondary should able to hold up. If Allen has time, it may be a different story.
Special Teams - Edge: Patriots
The Patriots are coming off one of their worst games of the season on special teams. Jake Bailey had a punt blocked, the third time that's happened this season, this one returned for a touchdown. Brandon King jumped offside on a missed field goal, allowing the Colts to make the second attempt. And even the ever-reliable Nick Folk failed to execute a late kickoff properly, allowing the Colts to return it out to the 31-yard line to begin the final possession. That said the Patriots special teams have generally been much sounder than that and improvement can be expected. Folk remains nearly perfect and gets the edge over Tyler Bass kicking at Gillette Stadium. Bass is excellent as well having made 24 of 28 field goals on the season but Foxborough can be a tricky place to kick in December. Look for coordinator Cam Achord to have his troops focused after last week's setback, and for the Patriots to get Gunner Olszewski going in the return game. Olszewski was quiet last week and even fumbled on one of his attempts, but prior to that he was giving the team solid field position with his returns. The Patriots usually respond when challenged and the special team likely didn't enjoy their week of practice after so many miscues.
New England and Buffalo will meet for the second time in 2021 this week and the Patriots will be looking for their 28th series sweep overall and their 16th series sweep of Buffalo under Bill Belichick. The Patriots won the first matchup between the two teams in a Monday Night Football Game on Dec. 6, at Highmark Stadium, 14-10, behind 222 rushing yards.
This week's game will be the 124th meeting between the two teams. New England holds a 77-45-1 edge in the series and have won 36 of the last 43 games between the clubs dating back to 2000.
The Patriots are 39-22 overall at home against Buffalo, including a 16-3 record at Gillette Stadium.
The series between the AFC East rivals began in 1960. The Patriots' 77 wins over the Bills is their highest victory total over any opponent, six higher than their next highest win total against the New York Jets (71).
After seven straight series sweeps and 15 consecutive Patriots wins from 2003-10, Buffalo ended the streak with a 34-31 victory at Ralph Wilson Stadium in the first meeting between the teams in 2011. The 15-game win streak is tied for the fourth-longest winning streak over a single opponent in NFL history. The Patriots avenged that loss in the 2011 regular season finale by overcoming a 21-0 first quarter deficit and scoring 49 unanswered points en route to a 49-21 victory.
The teams have had many memorable match ups over the years, including a span from 1999 to 2001 where four-of-five contests were decided in overtime.
The Patriots' first ever playoff game was a 26-8 win over the Bills at Buffalo on Dec. 28, 1963.
SERIES BREAKDOWN
Home Record: 39-22
Record in Foxborough: 33-17
Foxboro Stadium: 17-14
Gillette Stadium: 16-3
Record in Boston: 6-5
Road Record: 38-23-1
War Memorial Stadium: 7-6-1
Ralph Wilson/Rich Stadium/New Era/Highmark: 31-17
Largest Margin of Victory: 46 points (2007)
Largest Margin of Defeat: 35 points (1970)
Longest Win Streak: 15 games (2003-2010)
Bill Belichick vs Buffalo: 36-8 (36-7 with NE)
Sean McDermott vs New England: 2-7
The Patriots have recorded 77 wins over the Bills, the most by the Patriots against any one opponent. The Jets are second on that list with 71 wins by the Patriots.
The Buffalo Bills snapped a streak of 13 straight home wins by the Patriots, including 12 straight wins by the Patriots at Gillette Stadium, with their 17-9 win in the 2014 regular season finale on Dec. 28, 2014.
Bill Belichick has a 99-35 (.739) all-time regular season record against the AFC East as head coach of the Patriots.
AP Photo.
Record 9-5 8-6
Divisional Standings 1st 2nd
Total Yards Gained 4,870 5,290
Total Offense (Rank) 347.9 (16) 377.9 (7)
Rush Offense 120.5 (14) 120.9 (13)
Pass Offense 227.4 (17) 257.0 (7)
Points Per Game 26.2 (10) 28.1 (5)
Total Yards Allowed 4,305 4,031
Total Defense (Rank) 307.5 (3) 287.9 (1)
Rush Defense 122.4 (24) 112.4 (16)
Pass Defense 185.1 (3) 175.6 (1)
Points Allowed/Game 16.2 (1) 17.4 (2T)
Possession Avg. 30:42 30:36
Sacks Allowed/Yards Lost 25/219 26/164
Sacks Made/Yards 33/230 27/160
Total Touchdowns Scored 38 46
Penalties Against/Yards 81/716 97/848
Punts/Avg. 45/44.0 46/43.3
Turnover Differential +9 (5) +8 (6)
QUARTERBACK COMPARISON
MAC JONES, QB, PATRIOTS
HT: 6-3 WT: 217 COLLEGE: ALABAMA
SK/YDS
2021 296 429 3,168 18 10 75 25/219
JOSH ALLEN, QB, BILLS
HT: 6-5 WT: 237 COLLEGE: WYOMING
FORMER PATRIOTS
OC Brian Daboll - Defensive Coaching Assistant (2000-01), Wide Receivers Coach (2002-06), Offensive Assistant (2013), Tight Ends Coach (2014-16) - Won Super Bowl XXXVI, XXXVIII, XXXIX, XLIX and LI with the Patriots.
Asst. OL Coach Ryan Wendell (OL 2008-15) - Signed with New England as an undrafted free agent in 2008 out of Fresno State. He spent the '08 season on the practice squad and was promoted to the 53- man roster in December 2009. - Won Super Bowl XLIX with the Patriots.
FORMER BILLS
WHAT TO LOOK FOR...
The Patriots enter this week's game with a 9-5 record and are looking for their 27th 10-win season to tie Dallas for the most 10-win seasons since the 1970 NFL merger.
The Patriots are second in the NFL behind Dallas (23) with 20 interceptions in 2021. In 2020, the Patriots tied for the NFL lead with Miami, New Orleans and Pittsburgh with 18 interceptions. The 2019 Patriots led the NFL with 25 interceptions. Two teams have led the NFL in interceptions in three or more consecutive seasons: Kansas City (5 straight – 1966-70) and the New York Giants (3 straight – 1937-39). Overall, the Patriots have led the NFL in interceptions four times (2003, 2010, 2019 and 2020).
The Patriots have returned three interceptions for a touchdown this season and need one more to match the four by Dallas, which leads the NFL. The Patriots have returned at least four picks for a touchdown in a season four times with four in 1997 and 2010, and five in 2003 and 2001.
The Patriots defense enters this week allowing 16.2 points per game, first in the NFL. Since 2001, the Patriots have recorded 13 seasons of 20.0 points allowed or fewer, tied for the second-most in the NFL during that span.
The Patriots have been successful on three 2-point plays in 2021. The Patriots need one more 2-point play to tie the franchise record of four set in 1960 and 1996.
TELEVISION: This week's game will be broadcast by CBS and can be seen locally on WBZ-TV Channel 4. Ian Eagle will handle play-by-play duties with Charles Davis as the color analyst. Evan Washburn will work from the sidelines. The game will be produced by Mark Wolff and directed by Bob Fishman.
NATIONAL RADIO: Saturday's game will be broadcast to a national audience on ESPN Radio. Jay Alter will call the game with Rob Ninkovich providing analysis.
SATELLITE RADIO: SiriusXM App: 821 (NE), 803 (BUF) | SiriusXM: 227 (NE), 382 (BUF)
LOCAL RADIO: 98.5 The Sports Hub is the flagship station for the Patriots Radio Network. A complete listing of the network's 35 stations can be found here. Play-by-play broadcaster Bob Socci will call the action along with former Patriots quarterback Scott Zolak, who will provide color analysis. The games are produced by Marc Cappello.
For information on how to stream the game please visit our Ways to Watch guide.
COMING TO THE GAME?
Parking Guide
MBTA Guide
Mobile Ticketing FAQ
Gameday Guide
Download Gillette Stadium App
Download Patriots App
Game Preview: Patriots at Bills
The New England Patriots travel to Buffalo to face the Bills on Sunday, January 8.
Game Preview: Dolphins at Patriots
The New England Patriots host the Miami Dolphins at Gillette Stadium on Sunday, January 1, 2023 at 1:00 PM ET.
Game Preview: Bengals at Patriots
The New England Patriots return home to host the Cincinnati Bengals at Gillette Stadium.
Game Preview: Patriots at Raiders
The Patriots travel to Las Vegas to take on the Raiders on Sunday, December 18 at 4:05 PM ET.
Game Preview: Patriots at Cardinals
The New England Patriots will travel to Arizona to face the Cardinals on Monday Night Football.
The New England Patriots host the Buffalo Bills for a Thursday night divisional matchup at Gillette Stadium.
Game Preview: Patriots at Vikings
The New England Patriots will travel to Minnesota to face the Vikings in a Thanksgiving night football game in their first regular season visit to U.S. Bank Stadium.
Game Preview: Jets at Patriots
The New England Patriots return from the bye week to host the New York Jets at Gillette Stadium.
Game Preview: Colts at Patriots
The New England Patriots return home to Gillette Stadium to host the Indianapolis Colts.
Game Preview: Patriots at Jets
The New England Patriots take on the New York Jets at MetLife Stadium.
Game Preview: Bears at Patriots
The New England Patriots host the Chicago Bears on Monday, October 24 at 8:15 PM ET.
Game Preview: Patriots at Browns
The New England Patriots travel to face the Cleveland Browns on Sunday, October 16 at 1:00 PM ET.


Eastasiasoft and Play-Asia.com have announced that they will be releasing a limited physical edition of the PS Vita version of DrinkBox Studio's Severed via Play-Asia in August 2018 for $34.99 (including free shipping). Preorders will open on 26th July.
The collectors edition will be limited to 3000 copies and will contain the game on cartridge, the soundtrack and a numbered certificate in a collector's box.
Severed is currently available digitally for PS Vita, 3DS, Wii U, Nintendo Switch and iOS.


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Membership organisation, subject association and charity.
Home›News›Music Mark News›Seven things schools will need to know after the Queen's Speech – TES
Seven things schools will need to know after the Queen's Speech – TES
Music Mark News
The Queen's Speech today set out the new government's initial plans over the forthcoming parliament. The news agenda has been dominated by legislation around an EU referendum and the possible presence of a new British Bill of Rights, but what will it mean for education?
Prime minister David Cameron included two pieces of legislation that will affect schools, in the shape of the childcare bill and the education and adoption bill.
The education and adoption bill will include the government's plans to crack down on "coasting schools", namely those judged by Ofsted as "requires improvement".
Schools deemed to be making insufficient progress will be asked to work with expert advisers and placed under high-performing academy sponsors.
Those schools that are showing no improvement will see their leadership teams replaced and turned into academies.
Fears have already been raised, most recently by Ofsted's chief inspector Sir Michael Wilshaw, that there may not be enough heads of outstanding schools to help turn struggling schools around.
The speech also included new legislation to pave the way for one of the Conservatives' key manifesto pledges, 30 hours of free childcare for infants.
The move will essentially double the amount of free childcare on offer to parents of three and four-year-olds by 2017.
Read more on the TES website
Music Mark announces Trustee appointments
Clarity needed as England goes into a Second Lockdown
AdvocacyMusic Mark News
Let's get Music back into Schools
Supported by ABRSM
The exam board of the Royal Schools of Music
© 2021 Music Mark. All rights reserved.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Your CAA Membership offers a variety of Membership types, coverage options and benefits. If you have any questions, you're on the right page. Simply click on Membership FAQ to find a wide variety of questions and answers. You can also check out our Member Handbook - your guide to CAA Membership services and benefits.
1. How can I be sure my membership payment is secure?
CAA North & East Ontario uses Verisign to certify customers are dealing with a legitimate site. Click the Verisign logo at the bottom of the form. You will also note the "lock" pops up on our membership screens where financial transactions need to be secured.
2. How do I get a receipt?
CAA North & East Ontario's membership payments issue a statement of completion that you may wish to print. This document also lists your membership number. For Members who have listed their e-mail address on their CAA file, a receipt is automatically e-mailed when a payment transaction is completed.
3. When is my CAA file updated?
CAA North & East Ontario now uses fully on line routines. Membership records are updated immediately. All paid up Members are entitled to all services with one exception. CAA Classic roadside benefits become active 24 hours following join up. CAA Plus/Plus RV roadside benefits become active 48 hours following join up (or upgrade).
4. When will I receive my permanent membership card?
Your membership card(s) will be processed and delivered within 3 - 4 weeks.
5. If I want to renew and update my record what should I do?
It is preferred that Members correct/update their file info prior to making a payment. As noted above, if your e-mail is listed on your CAA file this will automatically cause a receipt to be sent to you for any transaction.
6. What are my renewal options ?
You can either renew online as your expiry date approaches or you can sign up for automatic credit card renewal (ACCR). ACCR provides the benefit of continuous CAA service and receive a one time offer to save $10 off your renewal.
7. How can I get a replacement CAA Membership Card?
If you have lost your CAA Membership Card and need to get a new one please email the Membership Department or call 1-800-267-8713.


Eudemonism: the editorial team at the EVE webmagazine wanted to learn more about this philosophical doctrine, that encourages people to be happy for the benefit of everyone.
Personal development: why all the fuss?
What exactly is the personal development, and how does it apply to the business world? We take a closer look.
What exactly does "resilience" really mean? Where did the idea originate? How can we develop our own resilience? What criticism has the concept of resilience received? Let's take a look.
We are really glad to organize our Twitter Chat on "Unlocking Leadership Opportunities for Women in Africa". All six lead participants took part and it generated a lively and stimulating discussion.
What if the real problem wasn't the stereotypes, but how they influence our decision-making? How can we help individuals free themselves of decision-making biases to enhance the collective imagination?
What exactly is the right to error, and how does it apply to the business world? We take a closer look.


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Articles / Al Monitor / January 25, 2014
Regional strife destroying historical Arab treasures
Ninety-nine years after opening its doors in 1903, the current structure of the Museum of Islamic Art in Cairo shut its doors. Eight years later, after a painstaking restoration costing $14.4 million, it reopened to the public. The museum itself housed 4,000 items from a collection of over 100,000, encompassing the Umayyad, Abbasid, Tulunid, Fatimid, Ayubid, Mamluk and Ottoman periods of Egypt, according to Al-Ahram. On the morning of Jan. 24, a car bomb exploded outside the museum, destroying priceless treasures of the largest Islamic museum in the world in an attempt to target a state security bureau. Egypt's minister of antiquities declared that the museum had been "completely destroyed."
In August 2013, looters stole or damaged 1,060 of 1,089 objects housed at Egypt's Mallawi Museum in Minia, killing a security guard. The following month 400 artifacts were recovered. The Arab Spring hasn't always been bad for the heritage of Egypt and the Arab world. During the 2011 Egyptian uprising, looters broke into the Egyptian Museum on Tahrir Square that houses over 120,000 artifacts. Incredibly, they were only able to steal 18 objects thanks to vigilant Egyptian citizens. I recall one of the most heartening moments I experienced during my coverage of the Jan. 25 uprising was when reports emerged that Egyptians were forming a human chain to protect the Egyptian Museum from looting. (A tweet I sent out then was retweeted over 1,500 times.)
Sadly, over the past few decades, much of the heritage of the Arab world has come under threat or has been destroyed. During the 1990-1991 Iraqi occupation of Kuwait, the National Museum was ransacked and looted. Even today, hundreds of treasures remain lost, possibly forever. During the occupation, about 20,000 of the museum's artworks were shipped to Iraq's National Museum in Baghdad, most of which were later recovered with the aid of UNESCO.
It took 48 hours in April 2003 during George W. Bush's disastrous US invasion of Iraq for the historic National Museum in Baghdad to be looted. About 15,000 artifacts were lost, only a quarter of which have been recovered. In addition to the stolen and lost artifacts, numerous archeological sites were damaged or destroyed. In 2006, a senior US military officer admitted that his troops caused damage to the ruins of Babylon following a BBC report that the US Marines had built a helicopter pad on the historic ruins. The officer finally said that if the head of the Iraqi antiquities board wanted an apology, and "if it makes him feel good, we can certainly give him one," according to the Associated Press.
Algeria's centuries-old Kasbah, which despite having a section of it knocked down, survived French colonization and an insurgency by Islamic militants who sought refuge there in the 1990s. Today, it is threatened with decay and neglect. More recently, Islamic extremists have started a campaign of deliberate destruction of historical sites from Mali to Afghanistan and across the Arab world. In 2012, al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula videotaped themselves destroying the ancient mausoleum of al-Ja'dani outside Jaar in Abyan province in Yemen. (The Taliban employed a similar strategy when they filmed their destruction of the 1,700-year-old Buddha statues in March 2011.)
While Libya's National Museum in Tripoli survived the 2011 war largely intact, a "collection of priceless coins, jewelry and small statues" known as the "treasures of Benghazi" dating back to the age of Alexander the Great, were stolen from a bank vault in May 2011. Following the war, Libyan Salafists desecrated graves of World War II soldiers then turned their attention to historic Sufi shrines, many of which they ransacked, burnt down or bulldozed.
Perhaps the greatest tragedy can be found in the ongoing Syrian civil war that has caused the deaths of countless innocent human beings. The war has also taken an unprecedented toll on the heritage of Syria, one of the greatest sites of human heritage in the world. Three years on, it is impossible to document the extent of the damage to the country's historical sites. A 2012 report by Time magazine found that rebels were looting and smuggling ancient artifacts to fund the war effort. As a result of the war, "all six of Syria's UNESCO World Heritage Sites have reportedly been damaged or destroyed." Aleppo was especially hit hard, losing its ancient market and parts of its historic Umayyad Mosque and citadel. In July 2013, the Syrian government launched an airstrike against the medieval Krak des Chevaliers castle, damaging one of its towers in an apparent attempt to target rebels.
The destruction of the Arab world's heritage sites will likely persist as long as these states continue to witness civil strife and a lack of stable governments. In the meantime, cities such as Cairo should consider moving security installments, including the Interior Ministry and police directorates, away from historical sites. Although the protection of these world heritage sites are a global responsibility, the example set by the Egyptians who formed a human chain around the museum in January 2011 proves that the best protector of a country's heritage is a responsible and culturally aware population.
This article was originally published in Al Monitor on January 25, 2014.
Tagged With: Arab World, Arts & Culture


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Q: React-Google-Maps: Marker resizes after zooming I am using "react-google-maps" https://github.com/tomchentw/react-google-maps in my React project.
To illustrate my problem please find below two pictures. The first one shows how the map looks right after loading, the second one shows how it looks after zooming.

Clearly this is not what I want.
However, I have no idea what is causing this. The same effect (i.e. cut off icon) is observable when using size instead of scaledSize. This is how I instantiate my map and Marker:
const MapInit = withGoogleMap(props => (
    <GoogleMap
        ref={props.onMapLoad}
        defaultZoom={13}
        defaultCenter={{ lat: 48.150884140293215, lng: 11.593923568725586 }}
    >
        <Marker
            {...props.marker}
        />
    </GoogleMap>
));

And this is my render method.
render () {
    const loc = this.props.eventLocation

    const marker = {
                    // position: new google.maps.LatLng(loc.latitude,loc.longitude),
                    position: new google.maps.LatLng(loc.latitude,loc.longitude),
                    icon: {
                            url: icon_url(this.props.markerIcon,'purple'),
                            scaledSize: new google.maps.Size(40, 64),
                            origin: new google.maps.Point(0,0)
                          }
                    }

    return (
        <Row>
            <Col xs={12}>

                        <MapInit
                            containerElement={
                                <div style={{ 'height': `100%` }} />
                            }
                            mapElement={
                                <div style={{ 'height': `100%` }} />
                            }
                            onMapLoad={this.handleMapLoad}
                            marker={marker}
                        />

            </Col>
        </Row>
    )

A: I had the exact same problem and the easiest way I found to resolve this was to define the width and height of the svg on the file itself, on the svg tag: <svg width="00" height="00">.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


An Adjustable rate mortgage or ARM is a loan with a variable interest rate that can change periodically over the course of the loan term. Adjustable Rate Mortgages generally have an initial fixed rate period followed by and adjustable rate period. The fixed rate period can range from as short as 1 month to as long as 10 years. The most common adjustable rate mortgages are 3/1, 5/1, 7/1 and 10/1 ARMs. The initial 3, 5, 7 or 10 indicate the number of years the initial interest rate is fixed while the second number indicates the loan will adjust annually after the fixed rate period is over. These ARM programs are often referred to as Hybrid ARMs due to the initial fixed rate period.
The main benefit of an Adjustable Rate Mortgage is the initial rate will generally be lower than you can get on a fixed rate with the same length of loan term. The shorter the initial fixed rate period generally the lower the rate. How much lower the Adjustable Rate Mortgage is compared to a Fixed Rate Mortgage has a lot to do with the spread of long-term and short-term interest rates in the bond market, or steepness of the yield curve. An Adjustable Rate Mortgage is ideal for someone who either plans on paying off their mortgage within a relatively short period of time or someone doesn't plan on staying in the current home for an extended period of time.
With the benefit of generally lower rate comes risk. If a borrower ends up keeping the loan longer than the fixed rate period the loan will adjust. Depending on short-term interest rates at the time of the adjustment a borrower could be looking at a significantly higher rate than they were previously paying.
Generally, an adjustable-rate mortgage will offer an initial rate for a certain period of time, whether it's the first year, three years, five years, or longer. After that initial period ends, the ARM will adjust to its fully-indexed rate, which is the margin plus index. You can look up your current index rate quickly with a web search. The margin will be specified in your Loan Estimate or Closing Disclosure (Formerly the GFE and TIL).
Based on the sample scenario, your fully-indexed rate would be 4.25%. While the sample uses the most common margin, index and rate caps it is important for a consumer to know the details of their adjustable rate mortgage.
Margins can vary from lender to lender as can the caps and index.
An Adjustable Rate Mortgage will have rate caps which limit the amount your rate can go up or down once the adjustable rate period of the loan is triggered.
Initial: How much the rate can increase or decrease after the initial fixed rate period. In the sample scenario, it would allow for a maximum adjustment of 5% higher than the start rate after 7 years if the index and margin at that time warrant such an increase.
Periodic: The periodic rate cap in the sample of 2%, is the maximum allowable increase or decrease in rate each year after the first adjustment. In the sample this would be in year 8.
Lifetime: The amount the rate can change during the life of loan. In the sample the rate could never exceed 8.75% regardless of how high the index increased at any time during the 30 year loan term.
Typically caps for conventional loans are 2/2/6 or 5/2/5. Generally the shorter initial fixed rate loans use a 2/2/6 and the longer initial fixed rate loans use a 5/2/5. Keep in mind the interest rate can increase or decrease. If short term rates are low, your adjustable rate mortgage could possibly drop!
There are many different types of adjustable rate mortgages, with the initial fixed rate period ranging from one-month to 10 years. Obviously this represents quite a range of risk, so be careful when comparing different loan products. Below are the most common ARM's currently being available.
Ideally a borrower will choose an adjustable-rate mortgage when their intent is to sell the property prior to the first rate adjustment. Some homeowners get into adjustable-rate mortgages with the assumption that they can refinance the loan when the fixed period ends. While this is often true, there is risk that rates in the future may be higher. Qualification can also become an issue due to an unforeseen financial hardship or decrease in home values. It is important you understand the risks and rewards of an Adjustable Rate Mortgage prior to making your decision.


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Gunnar Hansen Horn (25 June 1894 – 15 July 1946) was a Norwegian petroleum geologist and Arctic explorer. He is most renowned as the leader of the Bratvaag Expedition that found the long-lost remains of S. A. Andrée's Arctic balloon expedition of 1897 at Kvitøya in 1930. The headland Hornodden of Kvitøya is named after him.

Background
Gunnar Hansen Horn was born in Christiania (now Oslo), Norway. He was the son of architect Fin Horn (1861-1929) and his wife Kathinka Marie Hansen (1865-1942). Horn studied mining at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim, graduating in 1916. He then studied petroleum geology at Royal School of Mines in London, and took a Ph.D. in coal petrography at the Berlin Technical University in Charlottenburg.

Career
He was a leading Norwegian authority on coal and petroleum geology in the interwar years. In 1917, Horn was employed as a mining engineer for Store Norske Spitsbergen Kulkompani on Spitsbergen. He worked from 1920 to 1923 as a petroleum geologist in Trinidad and Venezuela. In 1924 he became employed at  the  Norwegian Polar Institute. In addition to his purely scientific work, Horn also had administrative duties in the Arctic islands.

During 1930, he headed the scientific expedition on the sealing vessel M/S Bratvaag which sailed under captain Peder Eliassen. The expedition located  the camp of Swedish Arctic scientist Salomon August Andrée on Kvitøya. It also went to Victoria Island, intending to build a cabin there and claim the island for Norway. In 1932 he went on ship Veslemari to East Greenland to establish the Storfjord, Finnsbu and Torgilsbu stations as part of the Norwegian contribution to the International Polar Year 1932–33. On another expedition he went to Franz Josef Land.

Horn died in 1946 at Kapp Linné in Svalbard. He was buried at Vår Frelsers gravlund in Oslo.

See also
Bratvaag Expedition
Finnsbu
Torgilsbu

References

1894 births
1946 deaths
Explorers from Oslo
Norwegian petroleum geologists
20th-century Norwegian geologists
Norwegian polar explorers
Explorers of the Arctic
Norwegian Institute of Technology alumni
Burials at the Cemetery of Our Saviour

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Heavy duty silicone rubber designer case for the "it" 7 inch ultra fast dual or quad core tablet. Being compact and portable in design, with two holes for webcam and convenient use, this product protects your device from falling damage with reinforced corners. It is easy to place your tablet inside the case and also easy remove with no trouble. It is specifically designed to shelter your tablet against dust, shock, scratches, bumps and other daily damage.
Available in 4 colours black, white, pink and blue.


text:
Tag Archive | miss louisiana
Fire and Gold
I had the humbling honor of hosting the Miss Nebraska's Outstanding Teen pageant, and spent the day at North Platte High School in rehearsals. During breaks, I tried to upload as many photos to the Miss Omaha Facebook page as I could, typing furiously to tag contestants and draw more viewers to our site. I almost didn't notice when a stunning blonde sat next to me and said 'Hi, how's it going?'
Her name was Alyssa Howell.
Funny how such a small gesture of kindness, just taking a moment to ask someone how they are doing, can make such a big impact on how you think of a person. A panel of six judges thought VERY highly of Alyssa.. naming her Miss Nebraska 2015 just 24 hours later.
Photo courtesy the North Platte Telegraph
"Miss Nebraska week was the most fun I have ever had!" Alyssa told me recently. "I was surrounded by 12 amazing contestants that not only were great friends to me during the week, but who also supported me throughout my year."
And so began a reign that represents everything this Miss Nebraska has stood for; friendship, kindness, genuineness.
As a longtime Miss America fan and a journalist who is always subconciously observing, I've noticed over the years the reaction of other contestants speaks volumes about the woman crowned. Minutes after Alyssa was named Miss Nebraska, she was immediately embraced by her 'pageant sister', Miss Omaha Megan Gould. Just weeks later, Alyssa invited Megan, as well as other Miss Nebraska finalists Brooke Ludemann, LaRissa McKean and Allison Tietjen, to perform at her send-off party for Miss America. These women, Alyssa's competition at this time last year, seemed genuinely happy for her and showed up in full force to give her their support; Alyssa was eager to share her spotlight that night to showcase the titleholders who had become her friends.
For me.. it goes back to that day in the cafeteria.. Alyssa Howell is REAL. She doesn't pretend to care about people; she just DOES. She's taken that incredible quality across the country for the last year, focusing much of her time and energy on children.
"Not having grown up in Nebraska, this year took me to so many new places!" said Alyssa. "Just being able to reach Nebraskans across the state was such a wonderful experience. Whether it was a Pumpkin Chuckin' in a cornfield in northeastern Nebraska, a small town elementary school with a total of 42 students, or a large scale fundraising Gala in downtown Omaha, I was able to reach out to the people of Nebraska on so many levels. If anything, this year reminded me just how much I love being a part of the Cornhusker State."
Alyssa visited dozens of schools across Nebraska, and four Children's Miracle Network Hospitals in several states. THAT has been Alyssa's passion for years now, connecting with sick children through her Miracle Bags program.
Alyssa recruiting 2016 Miss Nebraska contestants to put together and deliver bags of goodies, 'Miracle Bags' to kids at Omaha's Children's Hospital & Medical Center
CLICK HERE to watch KETV's story about Alyssa & her Miracle Bags!
"As soon as I won Miss Nebraska, one of my priorities for the year was to impact as many children as I could with my Miracle Bags program," said Alyssa. "And with that goal in mind I was able to visit the Children's Miracle Network Hospitals in Omaha, Denver, Milwaukee, and Washington DC, and deliver over 180 Miracle Bags! Many people ask me how I am able to visit children who are in such dire situations, and not be completely depressed after the fact. I always tell them that the feeling of seeing a child who is going through the most difficult time in their life light up at the sight of my crown and Miracle Bag is indescribable. And I will never forget the parents who tell me that this is the first time they have seen their child smile in days. Children's Miracle Network will forever be a passion of mine."
To countless families and children, Alyssa made a profound impact. She also made a huge mark on the pageant world, when in September, she travelled to Atlantic City to represent Nebraska in the 2016 Miss America Pageant.
"I have watched the Miss America Pageant every year on TV since I can remember, but never in my wildest dreams did I believe that I would one day be on that stage!" said Alyssa. "Even after winning Miss Nebraska, my goal for Miss America was to have a blast, meet some amazing girls, and represent Nebraska well."
Check, check, CHECK. And when 7-million Americans tuned in to see who would make the Top 15..
Left photo courtesy Getty Images
..they heard Miss Nebraska, Alyssa Howell. I screamed and jumped in my living room.. Alysa's family and friends were EXUBERANT in the crowd in Atlantic City. With the confidence women dream of and the swagger of Bruno Mars, Alyssa strutted her stuff on that stage in Lifestyle and Fitness.. and sauntered right into the Top 12.
Photos courtesy Getty Images
"Being called into the Top 15 was a complete and total shock," said Alyssa. "Standing on that stage with 51 other talented, beautiful, intelligent women, I never thought that I would hear NEBRASKA called! I still get goosebumps when I watch the video. When I made the Top 12, I was just so excited and honored to move on! I was surrounded by some of my best friends in the competition and it was such a surreal moment."
Photo courtesy Getty Images
That is where Alyssa's journey ended, sadly, before she could play her INCREDIBLE piano solo for America. But when I spoke to her just a few weeks later at the Miss Omaha Pageant, Alyssa didn't have ONE negative thing to say about her experience; no trash talk on her fellow contestants, no coulda woulda shoulda's.. simply a completely EXCITED outlook on what she could accomplish next in her home state as Miss Nebraska. And holy cow.. has that been a lot. After Miss America, Alyssa was featured in US Weekly and Pageantry magazines. She was a high profile model in Omaha Fashion Week. She secured and strengthened partnerships and sponsor connections with Omaha's world renowned Henry Doorly Zoo and Aquarium, Sun Tan City, Kontempo. and nationally known stylist Kirby Keomysay among others.
Alyssa also became a frequent muse for photographers, taking part in numerous photo shoots with Deyo's Photography in Nebraska and Jenn Cady Photography based in South Carolina.
Alyssa accepted every interview request that came her way, including the nationally recognized Pageant Junkies (CLICK HERE to listen!), Omaha's KFAB and KETV (CLICK HERE to watch!), the North Platte Telegraph (CLICK HERE to read!), and ME!
"This year was definitely more challenging than I expected," said Alyssa. "Seeing all of the work Miss Nebraska does from Facebook and Instagram posts pales in comparison to the actual job. What people don't see is the full hair and makeup 4+ days a week, the early mornings, the days when I drive 8+ hours for an appearance, the days that I was sick, the days that I had three appearances and events. Truly, this is a 24/7 job. But what I also didn't expect is how rewarding this whole experience would be! By going through everything this job requires, I have not only learned so many life skills, I have also learned so much about myself. I know that if I can be Miss Nebraska, I can do anything. This job has given me a strong sense of confidence about what I am capable of, as well as so many amazing memories and friendships!"
I have the humbling honor of writing this blog post, chronicling Miss Nebraska 2015 Alyssa Howell and her year of service. Initially, I wanted to title this article Humble and Kind, inspired by the Tim McGraw song that to me, so reflects who this incredible young woman is. Despite her jaw-dropping beauty, smile and grace, she doesn't radiate a shred of arrogance. She is giving, real, and most of all KIND.
Alyssa Howell is fire and gold. She has a huge heart that she has opened to countless children over the last year and more, with the aura of a woman who can only be called QUEEN. As this journey ends, she'll pick up where she left off one year ago.. pursuing her Elementary Education degree at Creighton University, intending to impact even more children through her career, now with a big boost from her life experiences and financial awards from being Miss Nebraska.
"I have won over $20,000 in cash scholarships for school," said Alyssa. "This has made all the difference in my future! I started at Creighton University with a total of $27,000 in student loans over four years. Graduating to become an elementary school teacher with that debt was going to be difficult to say the least. This program is first and foremost a scholarship organization, and I cannot say enough about the impact that Miss Nebraska and Miss America makes on young women who are getting a college education."
As I close out.. I must share a 'shout out' to part of Alyssa's dream team.. her boyfriend, Grady, and her directors, Kayla and Rachel.
These three are superstars in their own right; people who have been in Alyssa's corner since the moment that crown was placed on her head. They have also become near and dear to my heart with their humor, loyalty and dedication to helping Alyssa become the absolute best she could be. Each of this year's 36 women I've profiled have set out to make the world a better place, supported emotionally and otherwise by their own #TeamAlyssa's. To ALL of you, THANK YOU for helping these fires burn so brightly, for allowing these gems to sparkle. They're about to embark on one of the craziest, exhausting, yet exhilarating weeks of their lives.. and they'll need you.
"To this year's contestants, whether you win or not, Miss Nebraska week is the most fun you will ever have!" said Alyssa. "Don't let the stress get to you, and don't take yourself too seriously. Just have fun and enjoy that time that you get with your Miss Nebraska sisters! To Miss Nebraska 2016, I am so incredibly excited to see everything that this year has in store for you! Remember to make this year your own, to take advantage of every opportunity that comes your way, and find those small moments that make every challenge worth it. Most importantly, remember that this is a year of service. Never underestimate what an impact a crown and a sash can make."
Photo courtesy Jenn Cady Photography
CLICK HERE to watch Miss Nebraska 2015 Alyssa Howell's Farewell Video
CLICK HERE to follow Miss Nebraska 2015 Alyssa Howell
on Facebook and on Instagram.
WANT TO LEARN MORE ABOUT ALYSSA?
2015 * ROAR
2015 * Miracle Worker
2014 * The Kid Whisperer
CLICK HERE to meet the 2016 Miss Nebraska Pageant contestants!
The 2016 Miss Nebraska Scholarship Pageant takes place June 8-11 in North Platte, Nebraska. Learn more on THEIR WEBSITE, FACEBOOK PAGE, or follow ON TWITTER and ON INSTAGRAM.
PREVIOUS.. Miss Nebraska's Outstanding Teen 2015 Steffany Lien!
NEXT.. Miss Nebraska Pageant 2016 Recap: The Year of the Phoenix
This entry was posted on June 4, 2016, in Fashion, Friends, KETV, Miss America, News, Omaha, TV and tagged alex o'connor, allison tietjen, alyssa howell, atlantic city, black swan dress boutique, brandi petersen, brooke ludemann, bruno mars, Cathy Howell, Children's Hospital & Medical Center, childrens miracle network, Creighton University, DEVIN HOWELL, deyo's photography, fire and gold, getty images, Henry Doorly Zoo, humble and kind, jenn cady photography, jesse palmer, joe bohac, kayla jacox, KETV, kfab, kirby keomysay, kontemp, larissa mckean, megan gould, Miracle Bags, miss alabama, Miss America, miss louisiana, miss maryland, miss nebraska, miss nebraska organization, miss nebraska's outstanding teen, miss omaha, money dress, north platte, north platte high school, North Platte Telegraph, Omaha Fashion Week, pageant junkies, pageantry, pat and jt, payton merritt, q98, rachel daly, sac federal credit union, steffany lien, sun tan city, tim mcgraw, tosha skinner, us weekly.	4 Comments


John O'Regan's Blog. Training, Travelling, Running and Racing.
24-hr World & European Championships 2010.
This is the one I've been waiting for and can now confirm that I've been selected to represent Ireland in the 24-hr World & European Championships 2012 which is less than 3 weeks away. My year was planned around this race and even though confirmation of selection only happened recently I had trained as if I was doing it. All races have led to this point and my peak and taper was planned around the race date.
The following appeared on the Athletics Ireland Website.
The World and European 24 Hour Championships takes place in Katowice, Poland on 8/9 September. Ireland will have teams participating in both men's and women's events. The men's team will consist of John O'Regan and Eddie Gallen. John is the reigning national champion having won the title at the Energia 24 Hour race in Bangor, Co Down on July 6/7. Eddie finished third in this race and was runner up to John in 2011 also.
The women's team will comprise of Deirdre Finn and Ruthann Sheahan. Deirdre was the national 24 hour champion in 2011 and also included the Bangor 24 Hour race as part of her preparations for Katowice. The weather conditions were very wet on that occasion so the team will be anticipating a different challenge in Poland.
Each of the team will have a support person in attendance to assist with refuelling and race strategy in what promises to be a gruelling competition.
Good luck, John. The only surprise is that it took so long to confirm.
Say hi to Eddie as well.
@ Thomas. Was told verbally a few weeks back but only got the official selection letter this week. Couldn't confirm I was selected until I had that. Will of course pass on your regards to Eddie and Thanks.
@ Debs, I suddenly feel under pressure:) but still looking forward to meeting up again.
Sounds like a great event.
2010: 100 Km World & European Championships.
Order from your local Health Food Store.
I started running in April 2001 and since then have competed in some of the most extreme Marathons and Ultra Marathons in the World taking in the 7 Continents. I now run competitively and have represented Ireland in Trail, 100K and 24-hr Races. In this blog I will feature my running adventures.
Feature Length Documentary. Click on image to purchase.
This is where I train.
Independent Irish Health Foods Ltd.
Defining Moment nominated in 2 categories.


When you first transition from a treatment center into regular daily life, there's a lot to get used to.
In the majority of rehab facilities, you have a controlled environment supplemented by aspects important to recovery, such as peaceful surroundings, an engaging support network, and proper access to nutrition. You also have no pressure to do anything but focus on wellness, removed from the hassles of your previous life and from people or situations that represented your trouble with drug or alcohol abuse.
When you leave in-patient treatment, it may feel as though you're being thrown off a cliff. Suddenly, you have to put all your coping mechanisms into action, resist triggers, and present yourself in the world without everything you used to do to mask, avoid, or deal with emotions and issues. You also may not have the comforts of your rehab facility readily available.
Without the proper guidance and support resources, you're at risk for relapse. This isn't a fear tactic: studies prove that 40–60 percent of people in early recovery suffer relapses from the chronic disease of substance use disorder (SUD).
Sober living homes replicate the nurturing environment of residential treatment centers. By providing a safe, substance-free atmosphere filled with peers who have common goals, experiences, and challenges, sober living homes ease the transition from in-patient treatment to a new life in the real world.
Recovery support services, such as peer-operated services, housing, and community treatment, to name a few, are factors of sober living environments that are evidence-based practices for long-term wellness.
Associating with like-minded people. Part of the crucial community aspect of sobriety, if you have the chance to interact with individuals on a recovery journey, you don't have to explain anything. They get it. This understanding provides comfort and instills confidence as you move forward. Building your community also helps you avoid loneliness, provides access to healthy people, and connects you with others when you eventually live elsewhere.
An environment designed for wellness. Some people who suffer from SUD often lived in a home or neighborhood that contributed to addiction triggers; other individuals simply need a haven from the stressors that compounded issues which led to addiction. A sober living home provides the mental, emotional, and physical stability to make recovery more complete.
Time to adjust. The transition from inpatient treatment to sober living provides stepping stones to engagement with the real world, including considering future prospects of employment, education, and other aspects of renewed purpose and direction. Sometimes people stay in recovery homes for up to 18 months. This allows plenty of time to understand and embrace a new way of living.
Developing new behaviors and resources. Is it reasonable to expect someone to learn all there is to know about managing a chronic illness over a period a few months? Not really. Remember: addiction isn't forever, but how you learn to direct your life without it requires patience, coping skills, accountability, and support networks. These individual tools of self-care allow you to heal from within.
Researchers continue to evaluate the effectiveness of sober living housing. In general, preliminary studies report when patients in early recovery have the opportunity to transition to this type of environment, there's a reduction in arrests, relapse, and psychiatric symptom severity; and an increase in employment and engagement in 12-step programs.
Once again, if mistakes are made, they'll happen in an atmosphere of support and guidance, with time to assess triggers and implement aspects of a treatment plan.
We understand how much you've accomplished in your quest for sobriety. We're not about to let you continue on alone.
You've made the first vital step through treatment to change your life for the better. Now create a path of assured wellness by using all the tools available to you.


Come and experience the most enjoyable stay in the 1000 Islands. Reserve our Unit 8 "The Admiralty Room". Well its not a room, it is a 36' Albin Classic Trawler. BoatUS review states: "Few 36-foot boats offer the amount of interior volume, storage and livability as the Albin 36. For families or more than one couple, the Albin 36 provides two separate private staterooms separated by the main saloon."
On the left is the main Salon or Saloon, Tomatoes /Tomatoes. Depending on your preference you call it what you wish. The Saloon is designed for dining and cooking, hanging out however there is a convertible couch for the evening.
Ask the Captain to give you time at the Helm. The 36 Albin is a wonderful manuvering boat. The hull is one of the best designed hulls in the industry. It is a single screw, however it does not have too much side force, and the rudder is like a barn door, so your control is really welcomed.
Do a good job and the Captain will give you a Captain's Certificate.
Owners lounge and showers are available to you. Although the yacht has ample shower and bath service, every boater looks forward to having a shower with pressure and space, big mirrors, etc.
Overnight Stay -- Stay overnight. You have the entire yacht, and you will receive a 1 hour cruise.
Stay for Several Days -- Enjoy the Clayton area shopping and enjoying the area.
-- Have an hour boat tour each day, or combine the time of tours into one.
-- Ask the Captain if an evening or sunset cruise is available.
Charter the yacht for period of time -- Lets go out for several days and explore the 1000 Islands.
-- Maybe you would like to travel into Lake Onterio, visit Cape Vincent, Sackets Harbor, Henderson Harbor.
Charter the Yacht for the Day or Half Day -- Just go out and cruise, stop and swim, visit state and Canadian Provencal Parks, cruise the 1000 Islands and the Captain will give you important historical information about the area. Maybe you would like to go on a golf cruise. There are several golf courses around the Islands.
-- Maybe a Castle Tour would appeal to you.
-- Try our Lighthouse tour.
Use us for Weddings, Anniversaries, Birthdays, When you ask your Honey to marry, Making up, A gift for your Mother and Father-In-Law, and more.


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Club Tortimer
Usually, Club Tortimer is the worst part of Animal Crossing. Well, "worst" in the sense that it's mostly useless. It's just the functions of the regular, single player island, with the added features on internet lag and some jerk-off running around scaring away the bugs and fish you're trying to catch, or intentionally fucking with you during medal challenges.
I checked it out again today as a way of killing time. As you can see, I actually had a good amount of fun just goofing off with a few random folks. At least, until a disconnection error popped up and kicked me back to my town before I could bring back the new fish I had just discovered. Either way, I still made out with about 150,000 bells in wildlife, so it wasn't a total loss.
Categories Animal Crossing4 Comments
4 thoughts on "Club Tortimer"
cyncos says:
Animal Crossing looks like a lot of fun, but then I often hear that it has its downsides. I've always wanted a singleplayer game that could maintain the longevity of a multiplayer game, but I've never really found one. I played thousands of hours of Jedi Academy, for instance. That game was (still is?) basically intricate and fun lightsaber/force combat duels or group matches mixed at the same time with a sort of in-game chatroom and social experience. I don't think anything really compares to it, which is why I've always wanted a new Jedi Knight game and some decent internet that would allow me to play online. It was the best fucking online experience I've ever had. I've spent a lot of time with a few other multiplayer games over the years. How much time do you reckon you've spent with AC?
According to my 3DS records, I have spent 213:11 playing Animal Crossing. About 100 hours longer than anything else on my 3DS.
Very nice. I think the most I've made of an ongoing singleplayer game is some 100 odd hours. Then, I did play FFX and FFVIII several times with most all of the sidequests… That takes a while. Also played a lot of RE4, 5, and MGS 3. ANYWAY…
I really should get a DS… Animal Crossing sounds great, and it seems like a lot of Japanese stuff I like has ended up moving there from consoles.
Yeah, it's a real nice system. Lately it's all been AC, Resident Evil: Revelations multiplayer and Shin Megami Tensei IV for me.
And hey, MGS3 and (kinda sorta) both Resident Evils are on the system too.
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Kelumpang Tengah – kecamatan w kabupatenie Kotabaru w prowincji Borneo Południowe w Indonezji.

Kecamatan ten graniczy od północy z kecamatanami Kelumpang Barat i Sampanahan, od wschodu z kecamatanem Kelumpang Utara, a od zachodu i południa leży nad wodami Cieśniny Makasarskiej.

W 2010 roku kecamatan ten zamieszkiwało 12 495 osób, z których 100% stanowiła ludność wiejska. Mężczyzn było 12 495, a kobiet 6 049. 12 088 osób wyznawało islam, a 377 chrześcijaństwo.

Znajdują się tutaj miejscowości: Geronggang, Sang-Sang, Sebuli, Sungai Pinang, Sungai Punggawa, Sembilang, Senakin, Senakin Seberang, Tamiang Bakung, Tanah Rata, Tanjung Batu, Tanjung Selayar, Tebing Tinggi.

Przypisy

Kabupaten Kotabaru
Kecamatan Kelumpang Tengah


Graduates of KENTUCKY TECHNICAL - GARRARD COUNTY AREA TECHNOLOGY CENTER are likely eligible for a EdFed Federal student consolidation loan. Not all graduates of all schools are eligible for the Federal Student Loan Consolidation program. However, most graduates qualify for Private student loan consolidation if they are not eligible for the federal program.
I was actually considering filing for bankruptcy because of the extreme debt I had incurred in veterinarian school EdFed was able to reduce my debt by $40,362. Edfed saved my finances and for that, I thank them.


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quattro, black Leather. Audi of West Palm Beach is very excited to offer you this Exceptional 2019 Audi A3, Appointed with Trim Package and is Beautifully finished in Brilliant Black over black Leather in the cabin. Some of the highlight features for this amazing vehicle include all while powered by quattro and black Leather.


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Comedian Billy Connolly in 1976. Picture: Supplied
Billy Connolly's shock new health battle
by The Sun, AAP
20th Aug 2018 5:14 AM
COMEDIAN Sir Billy Connolly is suffering from the dementia associated with Parkinson's disease.
The Scottish comic's close friend Michael Parkinson made the sad admission during an appearance on the British lifestyle show Saturday Morning with James Martin
According to The Sun, Connolly "no longer recognises close friends" as he continues to battle Parkinson's disease.
The Scottish comic went public with his diagnosis five years ago, but now one of his oldest friends, Sir Michael Parkinson, has admitted it's starting to take its toll.
Sir Billy Connolly is battling Parkinson's disease and no longer recognises friends, according to reports. Picture: Supplied
Speaking on Saturday with James Martin, the legendary chat show host recalled a recent meeting with the 75-year-old, and how they had an "awkward dinner".
He said: "The sadness of Billy now is that wonderful brain is dulled.
"I saw him recently - he's now living in America - and it was very sad, because I was presenting him with a prize at an awards ceremony.
"We had an awkward dinner together because I wasn't quite sure if he knew who I was or not.
"But we were walking out after the presentation to go down and have our picture taken, and he turned to me and put his hand on my shoulders."
Veteran journalist Sir Michael Parkinson, 83, long term friend of Sir Billy Connolly, reports that the "genius" comic no longer recognises him. Picture: Charles Brewer
Connolly was diagnosed with the long term degenerative disorder after having surgery for prostate cancer, and went public with the news in 2013.
The disease affects the brain and symptoms include involuntary shaking, stiff muscles and slow movement as well as memory problems and balance issues.
Sir Michael Parkinson, 83, grew close to Connolly after multiple appearances on his chat show.
He added: "To know someone as long as I knew and loved Billy … it was an awful thing to contemplate, that that had been taken from him in a sense.
"He was just a genius and the best thing that happened to me on the show."
Last year, Connolly was knighted for his services to entertainment as well as his charity work, which in recent years has involved raising awareness for Parkinson's disease.
At the time he said: "When I'm in front of people and performing, I don't give it much attention.
"And I perform despite it. That's why I put on the song A Whole Lot of Shakin' Goin' On - just to stick two fingers up to it.
"There's a whole lot of shaking going on. It's kind of weird, this instability," he said.
"The only time it stops is when I'm in bed and then I can't roll over. I'm like a big log.
"It's the first thing I think about in the morning because getting out of bed is quite hard."
Billy Connolly pictured in 1981 with newsreader Jana Wendt. Picture: Supplied
Connolly, 75, has previously talked about the diagnosis, telling a British documentary: "The doctor said to me, 'You realise this isn't curable?' and I thought 'What a rotten thing to say to somebody.'
"I always thought he should have said, 'You realise we are yet to find a cure?' to put a little light at the end of the tunnel. There's a lot to be said for that."
- with The Sun
Billy Connolly: I won't let Parkinson's bring me down
Billy Connolly thinks about Parkinson's every day
Billy Connolly diagnosed with Parkinson's disease
actor comedy editors picks entertainment parkinsons disease


text:
As Queimadas é uma localidade portuguesa da freguesia da São Caetano, concelho da Madalena do Pico, ilha do Pico, arquipélago dos Açores.

Próximo a esta localidade encontra-se o Porto da Praínha do Galeão, o Promontório da Ponta Alta e o Promontório da Ponta da Faca.

Ver também
Baixas,
Cabeço,
Fontes,
Prainha do Galeão,
Pontinha das Formigas,
Ponta Alta,
Ponta da Faca,
Laje do Cavalo,
Santa Margarida,
Terra do Pão
Mistérios da Prainha (Madalena)
Caminho de Cima,
Rua de Cima,

Queimadas


text:
ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES IN TISSUE FROM THEIR TIME-OF-FLIGHT PROFILES.
James F. Greenleaf, Steven A. Johnson, William F. Samayoa, Francis A. Duck
Physiology & Biomedical Engineering
Two-dimensional distributions of acoustic velocities were measured in transverse sections through intact isolated organs, using reconstruction techniques. Profiles of time-of-flight (TOF) of 10 MHz pulses through the specimen were obtained by rectilinearly scanning two opposing transducers along either side of the specimen in the plane of interest. The received pulses were digitized at a rate of one 8-bit sample-per-10 nanosec, for 512 samples and were analyzed with a computer algorithm which calculated the TOF of the pulse to within plus or minus 10 nanosec. Typically, 256 measurements of TOF were made in each profile scan for each of 37 angles of view separated by 5 degree . TOF's through tissue, normalized by TOF through water, were used to calculate velocity within the specimen, using an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART). Images obtained represented acoustic velocities in individual cross sections within the tissue specimen with a resolution of 64 by 64 elements ( less than 2 mm square). The disadvantage of TOF reconstruction is that transmission scanning is required. Advantages over B- and C-scan are discussed.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8216-8_4
Int Symp on Acoust Hologr and Imagaing, 6th, Proc - San Diego, CA, USA
Duration: Feb 4 1975 → Feb 7 1975
Int Symp on Acoust Hologr and Imagaing, 6th, Proc
10.1007/978-1-4615-8216-8_4
Dive into the research topics of 'ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES IN TISSUE FROM THEIR TIME-OF-FLIGHT PROFILES.'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Acoustic wave velocity Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Spatial distribution Engineering & Materials Science 79%
Scanning Engineering & Materials Science 55%
Water Engineering & Materials Science 19%
Greenleaf, J. F., Johnson, S. A., Samayoa, W. F., & Duck, F. A. (1975). ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES IN TISSUE FROM THEIR TIME-OF-FLIGHT PROFILES.. 71-90. Paper presented at Int Symp on Acoust Hologr and Imagaing, 6th, Proc, San Diego, CA, USA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8216-8_4
ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES IN TISSUE FROM THEIR TIME-OF-FLIGHT PROFILES. / Greenleaf, James F.; Johnson, Steven A.; Samayoa, William F. et al.
1975. 71-90 Paper presented at Int Symp on Acoust Hologr and Imagaing, 6th, Proc, San Diego, CA, USA.
Greenleaf, JF, Johnson, SA, Samayoa, WF & Duck, FA 1975, 'ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES IN TISSUE FROM THEIR TIME-OF-FLIGHT PROFILES.', Paper presented at Int Symp on Acoust Hologr and Imagaing, 6th, Proc, San Diego, CA, USA, 2/4/75 - 2/7/75 pp. 71-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-8216-8_4
Greenleaf JF, Johnson SA, Samayoa WF, Duck FA. ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES IN TISSUE FROM THEIR TIME-OF-FLIGHT PROFILES.. 1975. Paper presented at Int Symp on Acoust Hologr and Imagaing, 6th, Proc, San Diego, CA, USA. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-8216-8_4
Greenleaf, James F. ; Johnson, Steven A. ; Samayoa, William F. et al. / ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES IN TISSUE FROM THEIR TIME-OF-FLIGHT PROFILES. Paper presented at Int Symp on Acoust Hologr and Imagaing, 6th, Proc, San Diego, CA, USA.20 p.
@conference{f3c9c3414cc64503ace2a18fa6197319,
title = "ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES IN TISSUE FROM THEIR TIME-OF-FLIGHT PROFILES.",
abstract = "Two-dimensional distributions of acoustic velocities were measured in transverse sections through intact isolated organs, using reconstruction techniques. Profiles of time-of-flight (TOF) of 10 MHz pulses through the specimen were obtained by rectilinearly scanning two opposing transducers along either side of the specimen in the plane of interest. The received pulses were digitized at a rate of one 8-bit sample-per-10 nanosec, for 512 samples and were analyzed with a computer algorithm which calculated the TOF of the pulse to within plus or minus 10 nanosec. Typically, 256 measurements of TOF were made in each profile scan for each of 37 angles of view separated by 5 degree . TOF's through tissue, normalized by TOF through water, were used to calculate velocity within the specimen, using an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART). Images obtained represented acoustic velocities in individual cross sections within the tissue specimen with a resolution of 64 by 64 elements ( less than 2 mm square). The disadvantage of TOF reconstruction is that transmission scanning is required. Advantages over B- and C-scan are discussed.",
author = "Greenleaf, {James F.} and Johnson, {Steven A.} and Samayoa, {William F.} and Duck, {Francis A.}",
doi = "10.1007/978-1-4615-8216-8_4",
note = "Int Symp on Acoust Hologr and Imagaing, 6th, Proc ; Conference date: 04-02-1975 Through 07-02-1975",
T1 - ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF ACOUSTIC VELOCITIES IN TISSUE FROM THEIR TIME-OF-FLIGHT PROFILES.
AU - Greenleaf, James F.
AU - Johnson, Steven A.
AU - Samayoa, William F.
AU - Duck, Francis A.
N2 - Two-dimensional distributions of acoustic velocities were measured in transverse sections through intact isolated organs, using reconstruction techniques. Profiles of time-of-flight (TOF) of 10 MHz pulses through the specimen were obtained by rectilinearly scanning two opposing transducers along either side of the specimen in the plane of interest. The received pulses were digitized at a rate of one 8-bit sample-per-10 nanosec, for 512 samples and were analyzed with a computer algorithm which calculated the TOF of the pulse to within plus or minus 10 nanosec. Typically, 256 measurements of TOF were made in each profile scan for each of 37 angles of view separated by 5 degree . TOF's through tissue, normalized by TOF through water, were used to calculate velocity within the specimen, using an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART). Images obtained represented acoustic velocities in individual cross sections within the tissue specimen with a resolution of 64 by 64 elements ( less than 2 mm square). The disadvantage of TOF reconstruction is that transmission scanning is required. Advantages over B- and C-scan are discussed.
AB - Two-dimensional distributions of acoustic velocities were measured in transverse sections through intact isolated organs, using reconstruction techniques. Profiles of time-of-flight (TOF) of 10 MHz pulses through the specimen were obtained by rectilinearly scanning two opposing transducers along either side of the specimen in the plane of interest. The received pulses were digitized at a rate of one 8-bit sample-per-10 nanosec, for 512 samples and were analyzed with a computer algorithm which calculated the TOF of the pulse to within plus or minus 10 nanosec. Typically, 256 measurements of TOF were made in each profile scan for each of 37 angles of view separated by 5 degree . TOF's through tissue, normalized by TOF through water, were used to calculate velocity within the specimen, using an algebraic reconstruction technique (ART). Images obtained represented acoustic velocities in individual cross sections within the tissue specimen with a resolution of 64 by 64 elements ( less than 2 mm square). The disadvantage of TOF reconstruction is that transmission scanning is required. Advantages over B- and C-scan are discussed.
U2 - 10.1007/978-1-4615-8216-8_4
DO - 10.1007/978-1-4615-8216-8_4
T2 - Int Symp on Acoust Hologr and Imagaing, 6th, Proc
Y2 - 4 February 1975 through 7 February 1975


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«The Joshua Roll», Vatican Library. An illuminated scroll, probably of the 10th century, created in the Byzantine empire.
A scroll is a roll of papyrus, parchment, or paper which has been written, drawn or painted upon for the purpose of decoration or preserving or transmitting information. It is distinguished from a roll (see below) by virtue of being intended for repeated use rather than the continuous, but once-only use of the roll.
While a scroll is a roll of paper, papyrus, or parchment, a codex is a book made of bound sheets; in a codex, one can directly turn to a specific page. While the scroll was popular until the fourth century, it was gradually replaced by the codex. It is known that Christians preserved papyrus in a codex form during the early part of the second century.
3 History of scroll use
3.1 Origins in Europe and West Asia
3.2 Eastern Mediterranean, West Asia, and Europe
3.2.3 Syria and Babylon
3.2.4 Greece and Rome
3.2.5 Early Christian era
3.2.6 European Middle Ages
3.2.7 West and Central Asia
3.3 China and East Asia
3.4 Modern era
4 Rolls
Because the scroll is an ancient publishing method, it is still used today in order to indicate historicity. The Torah in Judaism and scroll hangings in Far Eastern traditions are some examples.
A scroll is usually divided up into pages, which are sometimes separate sheets of papyrus or parchment glued together at the edges, or may be marked divisions of a continuous roll of writing material. The scroll is usually unrolled so that one page is exposed at a time, for writing or reading, with the remaining pages rolled up to the left and right of the visible page. It is unrolled from side to side, and the text is written in lines from the top to the bottom of the page. The letters may be written left to right, right to left, or in alternating directions.
Some scrolls are simply rolled up pages; others may have wooden rollers on each end: Torah scrolls have rather elaborate rollers befitting their ceremonial function.
The greatest usage of scrolls today is in Jewish religious observance at least every week in each Bet Knesset (Synagogue) or Bet Midrash (house of learning).
The Sefer Torah scroll (Hebrew: ספר תורה ; plural: ספרי תורה, Sifrei Torah ; "Book(s) of Torah" or "Torah Scroll(s)") is only opened during actual reading, and covered with bein gavras, the flat, embroidered cover placed over the Torah between Aliyot (those called to the seven Torah readings). When stored, the Sefer Torah is always in an upright position, resting on the lower handles.
A Sofer finishing the final letters of a Torah scroll
In Jewish practice the Torah scrolls are bound by a special length of usually silk ties or belts with clasps, and in Ashkenazi practice are covered or "dressed" in protective embroidered kippah (mantle), and external ornamental silver Tas (breastplate), and usually a silver Keter (crown) of beaten silver placed over the upper atzei chaim (handles). In Sephardi practice the Keter is built into the portable Aron and the Sefer Torah is never removed from it, the reading conducted with the scroll remaining in the upright position, while that of the Ashkenazi practice is laid on a recliner. These ornaments are not objects of worship, but are used only to beautify the scroll as the sacred and holy living word of God. The reading pointer, or yad, a tool to help the reader keep track of the text without actually touching it, is also stored with the scrolls usually by means of being hung on a chain suspended from the upper handles over the Tas, or over the Aron latch. In Jewish designs the handles with their top and bottom plates are known as atzei chaim (trees of life), and are often highly decorated with silver, and etchings.
The upper handles are decorated with Rimonim (pomegranates) that include bell decorations. The scroll is stored in a cylindrical Aron (case) in the Sephardic practice, and in an often extremely elaborate Aron Kodesh (Hekhál amongst most Sefardim) in Ashkenazi designs, preferably built on the East wall, which takes the shape of a large, often walk-in niche with doors and covered with an elaborately decorated embroidered parokhet (curtain) either inside (Sephardim) or outside (Ashkenazim) the doors. The Parokhet usually includes the name of the congregation and that of its donors.
In Greek and Roman uses, scrolls were mostly used for texts, including scholarly texts, and were stored on open racks upon which scrolls lay flat suspended by the handles, usually uncovered. In a later Early Christian era, scrolls became quite valuable as scribal skills became less common, and were often stored in protected leather cases. Some texts that were declared heretical by the Church, but were retained for study, were secured by special locks.
In general, Christian texts were kept in codex form: That is, books with pages and covers that could be opened to any page. A scroll is a sequential access format; a codex is a random-access format, analogous to tape and disc storage devices in computers.
In medieval iconography, as in the stained glass images in cathedrals: The prophets of the "Old Testament" were shown holding scrolls; the evangelists of the "New Testament" were shown holding codices.
History of scroll use
Scroll, Sevilla
Origins in Europe and West Asia
Scrolls were the first form of editable record keeping texts, used in Eastern Mediterranean ancient Egyptian civilizations.
Parchment scroll used by Israelites after Sinai was the first use of scrolls in the recording of literature before the codex or bound book with pages was invented by the Latins in the first century CE to differentiate their usage from that of the Judeans who were recently conquered. Nevertheless, scrolls were more highly regarded than codices until well into Roman times where they were usually written in single latitudinal column.
Eastern Mediterranean, West Asia, and Europe
In Dynastic Egypt scrolls were made from papyrus. The way a scroll was read by being unrolled meant scribes were sometimes confused; for example, there are versions of the Egyptian Book of the Dead with repeated sections.
Jews praying in the Synagogue on Yom Kippur (1878 painting by Maurycy Gottlieb).
The Hebrew texts teach that Torah was copied by Moses onto a scroll c.3300 B.C.E. which was made from skin of a kosher animal and not papyrus as in Dynastic Egypt. Since that time the scrolls are copied from one to another due to their extreme survivability, with examples known to be hundreds of years old such as the 800 Year Old Sephardic Sefer Torah from Spain.[1]
The meticulous process of hand-copying a scroll takes about 2,000 hours (a full-time job with a 40 hour work week being 2080 hours a year, ignoring vacations and holidays). Throughout the centuries, Jewish scribes have adhered to the following guidelines:
A Torah Scroll is disqualified if even a single letter is added.
A Torah Scroll is disqualified if even a single letter is deleted.
The scribe must be a learned, pious Jew, who has undergone special training and certification.
All materials (parchment, ink, quill) must conform to strict specifications, and be prepared specifically for the purpose of writing a Torah Scroll.
The scribe may not write even one letter into a Torah Scroll by heart. Rather, he must have a second, kosher scroll opened before him at all times.
The scribe must pronounce every word out loud before copying it from the correct text.
Every letter must have sufficient white space surrounding it. If one letter touches another in any spot, it invalidates the entire scroll.
If a single letter was so marred that it cannot be read at all, or resembles another letter (whether the defect is in the writing, or is due to a hole, tear or smudge), this invalidates the entire scroll. Each letter must be sufficiently legible so that even an ordinary schoolchild could distinguish it from other, similar letters.
The scribe must put precise space between words, so that one word will not look like two words, or two words look like one word.
The scribe must not alter the design of the sections, and must conform to particular line-lengths and paragraph configurations.
A Torah Scroll in which any mistake has been found, cannot be used, and must be fixed within 30 days, or buried.
The Torah scroll contains 304,805 letters (or approximately 79,000 words).
Other books of the Tanakh are also written in scroll form, as well as the mezuzah scrolls found in most orthodox, conservative and reform Jewish households. Many Jewish families also own their own Megillah scroll for use during Purim.
Syria and Babylon
The Jewish communities residing in these countries used same techniques to manufacture scrolls with the exception of the deer skins being used rather than the calf, lamb or goat skins elsewhere. The scrolls from these areas were known for their quality and durability, and were later imported into European and Indian communities.
Non-Jewish vellum manufacturing also took place after third century before current era.
Greece and Rome
Scrolls were used by the ancient Greeks, who borrowed the practice from Israel and Judea. Alexander the Great brought the Library of Solomon from his conquest of Persia, where it was taken when the city was overcome by the Babylonians in 597 B.C.E. These scrolls were used as founding texts of the Library of Alexandria. In Roman usage the scrolls were written latitudinally, usually placed on podiums with roll holders from which the rolls were unwound.
The Romans eventually found the scroll too cumbersome for lengthy works and developed the codex, which evolved into the modern book.
Early Christian era
Scrolls continued to be used during the Early Church era until the early Middle Ages era. Owing to the copying practices many errors were introduced into the texts at this time.
The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, a book written to prove the validity of the New Testament, says: "A study of 150 Greek [manuscripts] of the Gospel of Luke has revealed more than 30,000 different readings… It is safe to say that there is not one sentence in the New Testament in which the [manuscript] is wholly uniform."
European Middle Ages
Scrolls virtually disappeared in Europe during the Dark Ages, and re-emerged only rarely for use in official treaties and other international documents of great significance during and after the Baroque Era of the seventeenth century. These were usually written on high quality vellum, and stored in elaborate silver and gold cases inscribed with names of participants. Earlier examples were written in Latin.
West and Central Asia
Scrolls continued in use longer in the Islamic world, often elaborately decorated in calligraphic writing that included use of gold embossing and pigments when used for the writing of the Qur'an.
China and East Asia
Kano Motonobu, White-robed Kannon, Bodhisattva of Compassion, c. first half of the sixteenth century. Hanging scroll. Ink, color and gold on silk. 157.2 x 76.4 cm (61 7/8 x 30 1/16 in.).
Scrolls continued in use longer in East Asia cultures like China, Japan, and Korea, the oldest dated printed book to survive is a sixteen foot long Chinese Buddhist copy of the Diamond Sutra, dated 868.
The Chinese invented and perfected "Indian Ink" for use in writing, including scrolls. Originally designed for blacking the surfaces of raised stone-carved hieroglyphics, the ink was a mixture of soot from pine smoke and lamp oil mixed with the gelatin of donkey skin and musk. The ink invented by the Chinese philosopher, Tien-Lcheu (2697 B.C.E.), became common by the year 1200 B.C.E.
Later other formats came into use in China, firstly the sutra or scripture binding, a scroll folded concertina-style, which avoids the need to unroll to find a passage in the middle. By about 1,000 C.E., sheet-based formats were introduced, although scrolls continued to have a place. Traditional painting and calligraphy in East Asia is often still performed on relatively short latitudinal paper scrolls displayed vertically as a hanging-scroll on a wall.
Torah Scrolls are still used today in Jewish religious observances.
Some cultures use scrolls as ceremonial texts or for decoration called a hanging scroll, without any obvious division of the text into columns. In some scroll-using cultures painted illustrations were used as header decorations above the text columns, either in a continuous band or broken into scenes above either a single or double column of text.
Scrolls have experienced a revival in the twentieth century, as they are now used frequently in a virtual rather than a physical sense, in computer application such as word processors, web browsers, and film closing credits. This is known as scrolling.
Scrolls are also used for classroom instruction, where being able to see an entire text, or at least large sections of it, can be beneficial, particularly in use of portable screens for projection of images.
Shorter pieces of parchment or paper are called rolls, which may still be many meters or feet long, were used in the medieval and Early Modern period in Europe and various West Asian cultures for manuscript administrative documents intended for various uses, including accounting, rent-rolls, legal agreements, and inventories. Unlike scrolls, these are usually written down the length of the roll latitudinally. Rolls may be wider than most scrolls, up to perhaps 60 cm or two feet wide. Rolls were often stored together in a special cupboard on shelves.
A special Chinese form of short book, called the "whirlwind book," consists of several pieces of paper bound at the top with bamboo and then rolled up.[2]
↑ Daniel Hernandez, 800 Year Old Sephardic Sefer Torah From Spain and the Island of Rhodes was on display in Los Angeles, September 2003, Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
↑ International Dunhuang Project, Chinese scroll and "whirlwind" forms from C10th. Retrieved October 7, 2008.
Brueggemann, W. 2003. "On Scroll-Making in Ancient Jerusalem." BIBLICAL THEOLOGY BULLETIN. 33: 5-11.
Dahl, Svend. History of the Book. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1968.
Eliot, Simon, and Jonathan Rose. A Companion to the History of the Book. Blackwell companions to literature and culture, 48. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub, 2007. ISBN 1405127651.
Fischer, Steven R. A History of Reading. Globalities. London: Reaktion, 2003. ISBN 9781861891600.
Manguel, Alberto. A History of Reading. New York: Viking, 1996. ISBN 9780670843022.
McMurtrie, Douglas C., and Bruce Rogers. The Book: The Story of Printing & Bookmaking. New York: Oxford University Press, 1943.
All links retrieved November 2, 2019.
Encyclopaedia Romana: "Scroll and codex"
Orion Center for the Study of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Associated Literature
Using scrolls in the classroom: The Textmapping Project
Scroll history
History of "Scroll"
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