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National: Cancellation of Hearing on Russia Adds to Friction on House Intelligence Panel | VoA News
NationalBy admin March 24, 2017
Key U.S. lawmakers appear locked into a war of words over halting progress in their investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 presidential election campaign. The latest skirmish was sparked by the abrupt cancellation Friday of an open hearing set to feature top former intelligence officials. House Intelligence Committee Chairman Devin Nunes, a California Republican, argued that it was instead necessary to hear closed-door testimony from the directors of the FBI and the National Security Agency. "The committee seeks additional information … that can only be addressed in closed session," Nunes told reporters during a hastily arranged news conference. Word of the change ignited criticism from congressional Democrats, who pointed out FBI Director James Comey and NSA Director Admiral Mike Rogers had already testified on Monday.
National: One Rationale for Voter ID Debunked, G.O.P. Has Another | The New York Times
Of the 860,000 Nebraskans who cast ballots in last fall's election, only two are suspected of casting fraudulent votes. But while the actual number of illegal voters may be minuscule, State Senator John Murante says, there is an even better reason for Nebraska's Legislature to crack down on fraud at the ballot box. "First and…
Arkansas: Governor Signs Bill Reinstating Voter ID law | Arkansas Online
ArkansasBy admin March 24, 2017
Gov. Asa Hutchinson signed a bill into law Friday aimed at resurrecting many of the requirements of a voter-identification law that was struck down by the Arkansas Supreme Court in 2014. House Bill 1047, by Rep. Mark Lowery, R-Maumelle, will require voters to show photo identification before casting ballots. It also will require the secretary of state's office to issue free photo identification cards to those who lack other acceptable identification. A new provision — not included in the old law — allows people without photo identification to sign a sworn statement saying they are registered in Arkansas. By signing that statement, they will be allowed to cast provisional ballots to be verified later. "I've always supported reasonable requirements for verification of voter registration," Hutchinson said in a statement. "This law is different — in a number of ways — than the previous law, which was struck down by the Supreme Court. It should hold up under any court review. For those reasons, I signed the bill into law."
Georgia: Prior to suspected breach, KSU voting center received warning | Atlanta Journal Constitution
GeorgiaBy admin March 24, 2017
Kennesaw State University officials received a warning before the presidential election that a server system used by its election center may be vulnerable to a data breach. But they only notified state officials that they could have a problem after a second contact from a potential hacker raised alarms about the security of millions of Georgia voter records, according to top state officials briefed on the issue but not authorized to speak on the record. It is not clear whether the university acted to address the potential problem identified by the hacker last fall, those officials said. KSU hasn't publicly discussed the alleged breach, citing an open investigation. It is also not clear the hacker had any ill intent and ever actually accessed the records, which the university keeps on behalf of the state as part of its Center for Election Systems.
Iowa: Voter ID bill gets Iowa Senate OK after contentious debate | Des Moines Register
IowaBy admin March 24, 2017
Iowa voters would need to provide government-issued identification at the polls under an election bill approved Thursday by the Iowa Senate. House File 516, which was initiated by Secretary of State Paul Pate, passed on a 26-21 vote after a contentious debate. All Republicans supported the bill, and all Democrats and one independent were opposed. The bill returns to the House because it was amended by the Senate. The legislation is aimed at making sweeping changes to the state's election laws that Republicans say are needed to ensure the integrity of the process and prevent fraud. … Democrats called the legislation a "voter suppression bill" intended to help Republicans win elections by reducing voter participation by minorities, older people and people with disabilities.
Maryland: Senate OKs bill to create redistricting commission — if other states do the same | Baltimore Sun
MarylandBy admin March 24, 2017
The Maryland Senate approved a bill Thursday that would require the state to create a nonpartisan commission for redistricting — but only if five other states agree to do the same. Senators were divided between those who see the bill as a hollow gesture and others who say it's a first step toward fixing Maryland's confusing, gerrymandered political districts. Proponents of the bill say that requiring five other Mid-Atlantic states to shift to nonpartisan redistricting is a regional solution to the problem. Opponents countered that the measure would simply delay any meaningful action. "We're going to pass something that will never happen, just so we can say we did something," said Justin Ready, a Carroll County Republican who voted against the bill.
Montana: Passions flare over conducting special election by mail | Bozeman Daily Chronicle
MontanaBy admin March 24, 2017
The fight over Montana's only congressional seat was thrust into the legislative arena Thursday, as lawmakers continued debate over whether to conduct the May 25 special election by mail. Passions flared in the House Judiciary Committee as dozens of people — some driving more than 400 miles to attend a hearing — urged lawmakers to save counties from financial hardship and logistical nightmares by allowing the election to be held with only mail-in ballots. So heated was the hearing that the committee's chair, Republican Rep. Alan Doane of Bloomfield, halted proceedings and cleared the room after one woman refused to end her testimony. It would cost more than $2 million to hold an election, and counties say they could save as much as $750,000 by conducting the vote through the mail.
Texas: Court asked to block Texas congressional map for 2018 election | Austin American-Statesman
TexasBy admin March 24, 2017
Texas should be blocked from using a map of congressional districts that was found to have been drawn in violation of the U.S. Voting Rights Act, a federal court was told Thursday. The motion, filed with a three-judge panel in U.S. District Court in San Antonio, follows a March 10 ruling that invalidated three districts, including one in Travis County, that the court said were drawn by Republicans to intentionally discriminate against Latino and black voters. That ruling, however, did not mandate or discuss any remedies to correct the problems. Attorney General Ken Paxton has argued that there is no need to redraw the congressional map because the court invalidated districts that were drawn in 2011, while Texans have been electing members of Congress according to a map that the Legislature adopted in 2013. But according to the motion filed Friday, the three districts invalidated in the 2011 map were little changed in the 2013 version.
Bulgaria: Snap election to test Bulgaria's divided loyalties | Reuters
BulgariaBy admin March 24, 2017
Bulgarians vote on Sunday in a closely-fought election, with the centre-right GERB party challenged for power by Socialists who say they will improve ties with Russia even if it means upsetting the country's European Union partners. Opinion polls put the GERB party of former prime minister Boiko Borisov, 57, only narrowly ahead of the Socialists, who have seen their popularity rise since the candidate they backed, Rumen Radev, won Bulgaria's presidency in November. Borisov resigned in the wake of Radev's victory, triggering Bulgaria's third parliamentary election in just four years.
China: Hong Kong chooses new leader amid accusations of China meddling | The Guardian
ChinaBy admin March 24, 2017
A small electoral college has begun voting for a new leader of Hong Kong amid accusations that Beijing is meddling and denying the Chinese-ruled financial hub a more populist figurehead better suited to defuse political tension. The majority of the city's 7.3 million people have no say in deciding their next leader, with the winner chosen by a 1,200-person "election committee" stacked with pro-Beijing and pro-establishment loyalists. Three candidates are running for the post of chief executive on Sunday: two former officials, Carrie Lam and John Tsang, and a retired judge, Woo Kwok-hing. Lam is considered the favourite. Outside the voting centre, there were some scuffles between protesters and police. The protesters denounced Beijing's "interference" amid widespread reports of lobbying of the voters to back Lam, rather than the more populist and conciliatory former finance chief, Tsang. "Lies, coercion, whitewash," read one protest banner. "The central government has intervened again and again," said Carmen Tong, a 20-year-old university student. "It's very unjust."
National: Trump-Russia inquiry in 'grave doubt' after GOP chair briefs White House | The Guardian
The top Democrat on one of the congressional committees investigating ties between Donald Trump and Russia has raised "grave doubt" over the viability of the inquiry after its Republican chairman shared information with the White House and not their committee colleagues. In the latest wild development surrounding the Russia inquiry that has created an air of scandal around Trump, Democrat Adam Schiff effectively called his GOP counterpart, Devin Nunes, a proxy for the White House, questioning his conduct. "These actions raise enormous doubt about whether the committee can do its work," Schiff said late Wednesday afternoon after speaking with Nunes, his fellow Californian, before telling MSNBC that evidence tying Trump to Russia now appeared "more than circumstantial". Two days after testimony from the directors of the FBI and NSA that dismissed any factual basis to Trump's 4 March claim that Barack Obama had him placed under surveillance, Nunes publicly stated he was "alarmed" to learn that the intelligence agencies may have "incidentally" collected communications from Trump and his associates.
Voting Blogs: NASS releases facts and findings on cybersecurity in 2016 election | electionlineWeekly
Voting BlogsBy admin March 24, 2017
Rigged! Hacked! Tampering! Fraud! Even before one vote was cast in the 2016 election, rumors swirled about the integrity of the election. The cacophony of misinformation and innuendo has not stopped since the election and all of this has caused some Americans to lose faith in the electoral system. In the days leading up to the election a survey by The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research found that only 4 in 10 Americans had a high degree of confidence that their votes would be counted correctly nearly a third of all who responded thought there was a great deal of voter fraud in the country despite the lack of evidence. This week, the National Association of Secretaries of State released the State Election Officials Report Facts & Findings on Cybersecurity and Foreign Targeting of the 2016 U.S. Election. The report is an effort by NASS to help improve voter confidence and show for a fact that the election was not "hacked".
Alabama: Governor wants to toss lawsuit on delayed Senate election | WHNT
AlabamaBy admin March 24, 2017
It turns out Gov. Robert Bentley, or at least his lawyers, will not have to appear in Montgomery Circuit Court Tuesday in connection with a lawsuit filed by Alabama State Auditor Jim Zeigler. Zeigler filed a lawsuit against the governor, arguing Bentley is violating state law by waiting until next year's election cycle to hold a special election for the U.S. Senate seat vacated by now-U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions. After Sessions was confirmed by the U.S. Senate in February, Bentley appointed Luther Strange to the vacant seat. Under the current schedule, the seat will be up for a special election in 2018, and then it will be up again in 2020 for a full six-year term. A hearing was set on the lawsuit for Tuesday, but it was continued until April 12.
Florida: House Moves Ahead With Fix to Vote-By-Mail Ballot Law | Associated Press
FloridaBy admin March 24, 2017
The Florida Legislature is moving ahead with a fix to the state's vote-by-mail ballot law that a federal judge called "illogical and bizarre." The Florida House on Thursday unanimously passed a bill (HB 105) that requires county election offices to notify voters if their signatures on their ballot and voter registration forms don't match. Voters would then be given a chance to fix the problem before the election. A similar measure is moving in the Senate.
North Carolina: Veto override means voters will know judges' party affiliations | News & Observer
North CarolinaBy admin March 24, 2017
Voters casting ballots for judges next year will know the political parties of the candidates. Republicans who control the General Assembly say that gives voters helpful information. Democrats say it politicizes the courts. House Bill 100 makes Superior Court and District Court elections partisan, completing a change that the legislature began with appellate courts including the state Supreme Court. On Thursday, the state Senate with little discussion overrode Gov. Roy Cooper's veto of HB 100 by a vote of 32-15, with two Republicans voting against the override: Sen. John Alexander of Raleigh and Sen. Danny Earl Britt of Robeson County. The House had voted 77-44 the day before to override the veto. The measure will restore party primaries for trial-court races. Political affiliations will be included on the general-election ballot.
Oklahoma: As Court Challenge Continues, Oklahoma Looks to Solidify Voter ID Law | Oklahoma Watch
OklahomaBy admin March 24, 2017
The ongoing fight to overturn Oklahoma's voter identification law – a legal challenge that has spanned more than five years – could soon face a new obstacle. The state Senate passed a joint resolution this week that seeks to amend the Oklahoma Constitution with language requiring "proof of identity" to be able to vote. In practice, this would have little to no impact on the state's existing law that requires voters to show a voter ID card or a photo ID issued by the U.S. government, Oklahoma state government or an Oklahoma tribal government. Elevating the requirement to the constitutional level would better shield it from lawsuits, including one that is now before the state Supreme Court.
Pennsylvania: Controversial 197th District special election heading to federal court? | Philadelphia Inquirer
PennsylvaniaBy admin March 24, 2017
Tuesday's controversial special election to fill the state House's 197th District seat may be moving from the polling place to federal court, as Philadelphia's City Commissioners prepare to start tallying the votes Friday morning. Lawyers for Republican nominee Lucinda Little, the only candidate who was listed on the ballot, and Green Party nominee Cheri Honkala, who waged a write-in campaign, sent letters to the Commissioners Thursday, demanding that they seal and preserve the ballots. Both camps alleged widespread voter fraud in the North Philadelphia district. Little won just 198 votes, which was 7.4 percent of the 2,681 ballots cast. In an unusual development, 2,483 write-in votes were cast.
West Virginia: House committee sends watered-down voter ID bill to floor | Charleston Gazette-Mail
West VirginiaBy admin March 24, 2017
The House Judiciary Committee sent a bare-bones, edited version of a new voter-identification law to the chamber floor Thursday for consideration by the full West Virginia House of Delegates. The original bill would have required state-issued photo identification to vote, making West Virginia one of the strictest states, in terms of voting standards. However, the new version of the bill only delays last year's voter identification law — which has not yet been enacted — until July 1, 2019. The new bill also stops a requirement that the Division of Motor Vehicles forward to the Secretary of State's Office information from anyone who opts out of registering to vote.
Europe: Who rules the rulers?: Safeguarding democratic rule within the EU | The Economist
EuropeBy admin March 24, 2017
As the European project grew from six reasonably cohesive members to 28 more diverse and less controllable ones, it was faced with two big questions. One was what to do if a country decided to leave. The response of the United States to South Carolina's secession in 1860 seemed excessive, so instead the treaty was amended to include Article 50, which sets out the procedure for exit. The hope was that it would never be used, but now Britain is invoking it. Untried though the procedure is, one thing seems certain: it will be long-drawn-out and painful for everyone. The second question was what to do if a country started to trample on the democratic standards that are a condition of membership. Europe has had to consider this issue before, in 2000, when Austria brought Jörg Haider, a far-right politician, into a coalition government. The EU tried to isolate Austria by freezing contacts, but when that failed to oust Mr Haider it gradually thawed, and has since tacitly accepted governments sustained by extremist parties. In the 2000s several commentators suggested that Italy under Silvio Berlusconi would have failed the Copenhagen criteria for membership because he wielded such enormous power over the Italian media, but at the time nothing was done about it.
Bulgaria: The Under-the-Radar EU Vote That Opens the Door for Russia | Bloomberg
With eyes fixed on populist threats in other European Union elections, one vote has escaped the glare. And this one promises to strengthen Russia's foothold in the region. While affirming their commitment to the EU, Bulgaria's two biggest parties say they'll revive economic ties with Russia to benefit voters who feel let down by the bloc a decade after membership. The Socialists, neck and neck with Gerb before Sunday's snap parliamentary ballot, vow to go further, by sinking sanctions against President Vladimir Putin's government. A Russian-friendly Socialist won the presidency in 2016.
China: Hong Kong faces 'selection not election' of China's favoured candidate | The Guardian
Every newly elected leader of Hong Kong takes the oath of office in front of China's president, below a giant red national flag of China, and the slightly smaller banner of the city. It is a tightly scripted event designed to shield Chinese officials from the embarrassment of dissenting voices. In Hong Kong politics, formality is everything, and many say the election for the city's next leader which happens on Sunday will indeed be a formality. Most expect Beijing's preferred candidate to be anointed despite her rival being by far the more popular choice. … However, only 1,194 people are able to cast a ballot, far less than the city's 3.8 million registered voters. Those who have a say include all 70 members of the city's legislature and some district politicians, business groups, professional unions, pop stars, priests and professors.
France: Le Pen visits Russia ahead of French presidential election | AFP
FranceBy admin March 24, 2017
French far-right presidential candidate Marine Le Pen was due in Moscow on Friday for meetings with lawmakers less than a month before a presidential election clouded by allegations of Russian interference. The leader of the National Front, an anti-immigrant and anti-European Union party, is seeking to bolster her international credentials ahead of the two-round French election on April 23 and May 7. Her visit comes on the heels of a trip this week to Chad, base of a French military operation that's aimed at rooting out Islamic extremists from a swath of Africa. The head of the Russian Duma's international affairs committee, Leonid Slutsky, was quoted by the Tass news agency as saying Le Pen would hold meetings on the "international agenda such as the war on terrorism".
India: Election Commission served notice by top court on efficacy of Electronic Voting Machines | Times of India
IndiaBy admin March 24, 2017
The Supreme Court today served a notice to the Election Commission on a complaint filed seeking an investigation into the efficacy and accuracy of Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) that some politicians recently said can be "easily manipulated."
The top court however refused to grant the petitioner's request to issue a notice to the CBI on the same issue. ML Sharma, the petitioner, had filed the petition after BSP leader Mayawati and then AAP leader Arvind Kejriwal raised questions about EVMs, saying their parties suffered big defeats in UP and Punjab, respectively, because of these machines that had been "tampered with".
Zimbabwe: Opposition Parties Demand Internationally-run 2018 Elections | VoA News
ZimbabweBy admin March 24, 2017
Opposition parties in Zimbabwe say they have no confidence in the country's electoral commission and are calling for an international body to run the 2018 elections. Opposition parties led by former Prime Minister Morgan Tsvangirai held a rally of about 500 people Wednesday in Harare at which they said the next election is heading for a dispute unless the Zimbabwe Electoral Commission, or ZEC, steps aside. The rally follows the electoral commission's request to President Robert Mugabe's government to buy biometric voter registration equipment in preparation for Zimbabwe's 2018 elections. The opposition says the move is unconstitutional. Opposition supporters marched to the commission's offices to present a petition, singing on their way.


The above diagram accessed from http://www.tpck.org/ represents the interconnected importance of technology, pedagogy and content. Learning in our contemporary educational environment the requires systems, school leaders and teachers to take advantage of technology to enhance content and pedagogy (Jamieson-Proctor and Finger 2008).
With a focus on pedagogy and with reference to the TPACK framework, Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) is deep knowledge about the processes and practices or methods of teaching and learning and how it encompasses, among other things, overall educational purposes, values and aims. It includes knowledge about techniques or methods to be used in the classroom; the nature of the target audience; and strategies for evaluating student understanding. As such, PK requires an understanding of cognitive, social and developmental theories of learning and how they apply to students in their classroom (Mishra and Koehler 2008).
Appropriate pedagogy for the use of technology requires learner-centred approaches (Sutherland 2004; Chang and Wang 2009). Learner-centred pedagogy involves students being actively involved in knowledge construction. Dwyer et al, (1991) in Fullan and Smith (2000) outline the differences between knowledge instruction and knowledge construction. Essentially, knowledge instruction is viewed as the transfer of thoughts from one who is knowledgeable to one who is not and teacher work is perceived as direct instruction. Knowledge construction views learning as a personal, reflective, and transformative process where teacher work comprises facilitating students' abilities to integrate ideas, experiences, and points of view into something new (Fullan and Smith 2000). According to them there are more possibilities with a classroom that enables knowledge construction.
In a knowledge construction setting, technology becomes a tool to help students access information, communicate information and collaborate with others. In today's classrooms there is certainly the need for some knowledge instruction but a great deal of student activity might involve knowledge construction given the explosion of information (Fullan and Smith 2000).
These technology-based, learner-centred and knowledge constructivist pedagogical approaches are more readily appearing around the world due to increased access to technology. For example, Australian schools and teachers are integrating technology to support experiential, constructivist learning in schools and across learning sites; engage students in personalized, collaborative, connected and interactive learning; and broaden and use new pedagogies (MCEETYA 2006).
a collection of technologies that confer the ability to reorganise, configure, and manage online content rather than just view it; but part of the personal web is the underlying idea that web content can be sorted, displayed, and even built upon according to an individual's personal needs and interests (Johnson, Levine et al. 2009).
The personal web enables students to experience school in a different way; a more 'personalised' way due to the advent of technology (Drexler 2010). The personalised learning environment, "promotes inquiry-based learning and digital literacy, empowers the learner, and offers flexibility as new technologies emerge" (Drexler 2010). The requirements of personalised learning place high demands on teachers and schools, and it is not surprising that personalised learning is entering schools only slowly (ICT Cluster European Commission 2010). However, the development of personalised learning as part of a school environment greatly assists teachers to adopt technology in their classrooms.
There is an implication that pedagogical change and greater personalisation of learning are both necessary for student centred, self-directed and independent learning (Sebba, Brown et al. 2007; McLoughlin and Lee 2009). Addressing the need to rethink and reposition pedagogy for the new learning landscape of the 21st century calls for the active involvement of students in defining their learning goals, and choosing both digital technology and strategies for learning. It also requires recognition that learner generated content has a central place in a curriculum that fosters self-regulated learning.
n the guidelines of syllabus documentation requires inquiry-based learning and project-based activities (Rotherham and Willingham 2010). All of this signals a need to reconsider our notions of pedagogy so that learners are envisaged as active participants and co-constructors of learning resources rather than passive consumers of content (Whitby 2006; OECD 2008; Drexler 2010; Partnerships for 21st Century Skills 2010) .
Chang, C. and H. Wang (2009). "Issues of inquiry learning in digital learning environments." British Journal of Educational Technology 40(1): 169-173.
Drexler, W. (2010). "The networked student model for construction of personal learning environments: Balancing teacher control and student autonomy." Australasian Journal of Educational Technology 26(3): 369-385.
Fullan, M. and G. Smith (2000). "Technology and the problem of change." Curriculum Matters: 2-5.
ICT Cluster European Commission (2010). Learning, Innovation and ICT: Lessons learned by the ICT cluster Education & Training 2010 programme. Lisbon Set of Objectives, 2010., European Commission.
Johnson, L., A. Levine, et al. (2009). Horizon Report The K-12 edition. Four to five years: The personal web. Horizon Project.
MCEETYA (2006). Leadership strategy: Learning in an online world. . Carlton South, Australia, Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs, Australia.
MCEETYA (2008). Learning in an online world: Making change happen. Learning in an Online World Series. C. Corporation: 1-22.
McLoughlin, C. and M. Lee, . (2009). "Personalised and self regulated learning in the Web 2.0 era: International exemplars of innovative pedagogy using social software." Educational Technology 26(1): 28-43.
Mishra, P. and M. Koehler (2008). Introducing technological pedagogical content knowledge.
OECD (2008). Innovating to Learn, Learning to Innovate.: 12.
Partnerships for 21st Century Skills (2010). "Framework for 21st Century Learning." from www.P21.org.
Rotherham, A. and D. Willingham (2010). "21st-Century" Skills. Not New, but a Worthy Challenge." American Educator 34(1): 17-20.
Sebba, J., N. Brown, et al. (2007). An Investigation of Personalised Learning Approaches used by Schools. D. f. E. a. Skills., University of Sussex.
Sutherland, R. (2004). "Transforming teachning and learning: embedding ICT into everyday classroom practices." Journal of Computer Assisted Learning 20: pp413-425.
Whitby, G. (2006). A Time to be Bold: New challenges in learning and teaching.
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Olivia Caponiti, Arts and Entertainment Editor|January 11, 2022
Olivia Caponiti '23
The Sacred Heart community celebrates Mr. Robert Allison's 22 years at Sacred Heart Greenwich.
Mr. Robert Allison joined the Sacred Heart Greenwich community as Facilities Coordinator in 1999. He retired from his position with numerous accomplishments, a lasting legacy, and the admiration of many in December 2021. Alumna Ms. Grace Sutherland '16, senior Charlotte Fallon, and junior Maddy Ball reflected on Mr. Allison's impact on the school community through his hard work and gracious personality.
Mr. Allison directed the school bus drop-off and pick-up processes, set up for school events, and repaired facilities around campus. Members of the faculty, staff, and student body know him for his hardworking character and persistent dedication to the school. They admire his kind heart and the thoughtful manner in which he conducted himself in the halls. Mr. Allison always wore a smile and engaged in conversation with everyone he came across, according to students and faculty. Ms. Sutherland commented on her relationship with Mr. Allison as a lifer at Sacred Heart.
Mr. Allison spends time with his colleagues. Courtesy of Sacred Heart Greenwich Communications Dept.
"I met Mr. Allison when I was in Lower School," Ms. Sutherland said. "As I became a regular at the bus loop, Mr. Allison soon became Bobby to me. A friendly, welcoming face greeted me every morning and sent me home every afternoon. I was lucky enough to not only spend 15 years at 1177 King Street but to develop a deep friendship [with] and respect for a man like Mr. Allison."
Along with his role as Facilities Coordinator, Mr. Allison spent time serving the broader community. He played a pivotal role in establishing the school's Midnight Run and Breakfast Run programs. He drove the bus to bring clothes, food, toiletries, and coffee to those in need in New York City, New York with groups of students. In addition, he had connections with parishes around the city and encourages students to attend mass after the food runs. He embodied Goal Four of Sacred Heart's Goals and Criteria, "the building of community as a Christian value," according to students and faculty. Maddy noted Mr. Allison's innate desire to help anyone he came across.
"Throughout my 14 years here at Sacred Heart, I have come to know Mr. Allison as a kind, hardworking, and selfless individual," Maddy said. "He never fails to lend a helping hand to anybody who needs it, even if it means stopping in the middle of what he is doing. I have seen Mr. Allison serve communities for so long and his dedication truly amazes me."
Prior to working on King Street, Mr. Allison served as the Activity Director at The Osborn, a retirement community in New York. He planned events and helped the elderly with their needs. Through his career paths, it is clear that Mr. Allison's priorities have always been helping others and bringing joy to those around him.
The Sacred Heart community will cherish Mr. Allison's impact. Ms. Sutherland spoke about his transformative effect on the school community.
Students and faculty bless Mr. Allison's future at his final liturgy as a staff member. Courtesy of Sacred Heart Greenwich Communications Dept.
"Although I graduated nearly six years ago, Mr. Allison resonates as one of my favorite, most memorable, and transformative members of our community," Ms. Sutherland said. "People like Bobby are few and far between. He genuinely loves what he does and loves his Sacred Heart girls. The community is losing a major piece of its puzzle, but I have a feeling Mr. Allison will return to the halls. We are so grateful for you Bobby and am lucky to have known someone like you."
Charlotte admires Mr. Allison's dedication to the school and generous personality. She wishes him the best as he commences this new chapter of his life.
"Mr. Allison worked so hard in his 22 years at Sacred Heart and always made students feel so welcomed in the community," Charlotte said. "We will miss him so much, but wish him congratulations on retirement and happiness in the new chapter of his life."
Featured Image by Olivia Caponiti '23
Olivia is very excited to begin her second year on staff as the Arts and Entertainment Editor. She loved her work as a staff writer and cannot wait to...
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Kevin McCalister	• Jan 12, 2022 at 3:11 pm
What a fine article about a very nice man. One of the people the has made Sacred Heart such a nice place to attend school all these years. We wish him luck and happiness in the future. Thanks to Ms. Caponiti for this charming and heartfelt article.
https://shgreenwichkingstreetchronicle.org/110199/features/honoring-22-years-of-service-on-king-street/#comment-19404
Cheryl Cavalea	• Jan 12, 2022 at 12:21 pm
Wonderful words for a truly wonderful man. I feel blessed to call him a friend and wish him a happy retirement.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Home Healthy Pregnancy3rd Trimester (weeks 28-40)	Why Is My Provider Sending Me to the Hospital Birth Unit?
Are you having a pregnancy emergency? Is birth imminent? There are many reasons your healthcare provider may send you to the hospital birth unit for a quick check.
A friend tells you she went to the hospital in what she thought was labor and waited for what seemed like hours before being sent home. You can tell she is fed up and not looking forward to when she goes back the next time.
So what can you expect if you get sent to your hospital birth unit during pregnancy, whether you think you may be in labor or if you're experiencing another problem, like bleeding?
At larger hospitals you'll likely go to an area of the birth unit called "OB triage." At a smaller or less busy hospital you may go straight into a birth room for care. You'll first see a nurse, and they'll want to know why you've come, any labor signs like contractions or your water breaking, if you've had vaginal bleeding, how your baby is moving and how your pregnancy has been going.
Your nurse will review your medical records, if available. They'll check your blood pressure, pulse and temperature. If you're in labor they'll see how you're coping with the contractions. Nurses working in this area are expected to see you as promptly as they can; their assessments typically take about 10 minutes.
Based on their findings, your nurse will assign you a priority level, from 1-5, which rates how urgently you need care. Assigning a priority level is called triage. A woman at the highest priority level, a "1," needs attention right away, for example, if her baby is about to be born. A woman who is assigned a "5" could be at the birth unit for a scheduled procedure. Someone in active labor needs to be seen promptly, so she's likely a "3".
Triage is not first come, first served. Someone who has a more urgent need for care will be seen first. Call your midwife or doctor before you go to the hospital birth unit ; they can advise if going in is needed, or if staying home is a better play, for example, to wait for contractions to get closer and stronger. If you're too anxious to stay home, tell them you would feel better to come in and be evaluated.
Once you've been checked out by your midwife or doctor, the two of you can make a plan about whether you need to be admitted to the hospital birth unit, be observed for a period of time or if you can return home. Getting all of your questions answered as you make decisions will help you have peace of mind, especially if the decision is for you to return home.
You might also enjoy: What's Baby Friendly Birthing?


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Should CEO pay rise with performance?
Esra Burak
The median CEO pay in Standard and Poor's 500 companies is about $10 million. Many Americans think Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) are overpaid. Still, they underestimate how much CEOs are paid.
One recent study shows that many people in the U.S. support capping CEO pay at a maximum amount relative to the average worker. Not everyone thinks so, of course, but sizeable numbers of Democrats (66%), Republicans (52%) and Independents (64%) do.
While evidence of discontent with CEO pay continues to grow, we still know very little about why.
A challenge in the study of attitudes toward executive pay, as with the study of attitudes toward anything, is that people consider many factors in forming their attitudes and expressing their opinions. In the case of executive pay, these might include people's perceptions of current pay levels, their perceptions about company performance, and their core values, among others.
My research examines one of the major determinants of attitudes toward pay: beliefs about whether and how rewards should rise with contributions.
A great body of work shows that people like to see rewards in the work setting distributed proportionally to relevant contributions, such as performance. This study tests two possible explanations of the widespread discontent toward executive pay: one possibility is that CEOs are seen as not contributing proportionally to their pay. Alternatively, such high pay itself may be objectionable.
If discontent is due to the perception that CEO pay is not proportionate to the their contribution, then we might see discontent diminished if people were convinced that CEOs contributed highly enough. On the other hand, if the pay level itself is objectionable, then, even if people thought CEOs were highly contributing, they'd still be perceived as overpaid.
The experiment in this study examines whether fair pay for a fictitious CEO increases proportionally to the company's changing performance.
Data for this study come from the Performance and Fair CEO Pay Study which is a survey experiment conducted in partnership with YouGov in 2013 with 989 respondents from across the United States. The survey measures respondents' pay preferences for a fictitious CEO of a fictitious company, as the company's performance goes from large losses to large profits. Each respondent is asked to react to seven levels of performance.
There's one more piece to the experiment.
If people receive information that the average CEO is paid $5 million, we might expect them to gravitate toward this amount. This phenomenon called anchoring has been documented time and again in previous work.
Respondents are randomly assigned to four conditions: a control group where an industry average for CEO pay isn't mentioned at all; a treatment condition where respondents are informed that the average CEO in the industry is paid $200,000; another where they are informed that the average CEO is paid $1 million, and one where the average CEO pay is $5 million.
How do participants' perceptions of fair pay vary across the seven different levels of company performance and across each of these four reported levels of average CEO pay in the industry?
Respondents gravitate toward the industry averages mentioned in the experiment in deciding on the right amount of pay. However, they also make some adjustments upward or downward in relation to those anchors. When the fictitious CEO's company is described as doing equally well as the average company in the industry, on average, respondents adjust the $200,000 suggested pay upward by 52.8%. Those given the $1 million average figure adjust it downward by 18.2%, and those given the $5 million average figure adjust it downward by 59.8%.
Respondents therefore also seem to hold their own beliefs about fair CEO pay.
How does fair pay vary with performance after those adjustments are made?
On average, fair pay rises linearly with performance. This finding indicates a strong commitment to the rule of proportionality of rewards and contributions, even at these high levels of pay.
However, responses also suggest that participants don't think pay should rise as steeply with performance as it does in the real world. For example, for the group that is told that the average CEO is paid $5 million, median fair pay increases from $500,000 to $2 million as we go from large losses to large gains, never reaching the average pay suggested in the vignette.
Altogether the findings suggest a possibility to reconcile the widespread opposition to high CEO pay with the also widespread support for pay-for-performance. There might be a socially acceptable rate at which people, on average, believe pay should increase with performance. As one anonymous reviewer of my study nicely suggested, we might call this a social slope. This finding is especially of interest because most discussion of actual executive compensation is focused on how to tighten the connection between pay and performance.
The study also shows evidence that some predispositions, such as a belief in a free market ideology, have significant effects on these attitudes. Further examination of such predispositions is important, especially in understanding group differences in attitudes, and should be part of the future research agenda.
Esra Burak, "Is The Sky the Limit? Fair Executive Pay as Performance Rises," Social Problems 2018.
Image: Pixabay (CC)
Esra Burak is an assistant professor in the Department of Sociology and Social Policy and is affiliated with the Centre for Social Policy and Social Change at Lingnan University.
Are overeducated workers unhappy at work?
Men's entry and exit from female-dominated occupations


text:
Q: How to generate columns dynamically? I have table with certain number of columns.
I want to populate other table with the data of a particular column of Table1 as columns of table2 dynamically.
When I say dynamically I mean to say that when ever any data is added to the column of Table1 the table2 is populated with as many number of columns.

A: Changing the schema on the fly really isn't a good idea, for a number of reasons. From what you've described, I think you would be better off using a view for this. A view will give you the dynamic capabilities you're looking for with fewer side effects.
See this article:
How to create a view in SQL Server

A: I will once again repeat the disclaimer that this is a bad idea, many things can go wrong, and I'm certain there is a better solution to whatever underlying problem you're trying to solve. That said, to answer the explicit question anyway, here is an example of how to do this:
USE tempdb;
GO
CREATE TABLE dbo.Table1(Description VARCHAR(32));

CREATE TABLE dbo.Table2(ID INT);

GO
CREATE TRIGGER dbo.CatchNewTable1Data
ON dbo.Table1
FOR INSERT
AS
BEGIN
    SET NOCOUNT ON;

    DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'';

    SELECT @sql += CHAR(13) + CHAR(10) +
        'ALTER TABLE dbo.Table2 ADD '
        + QUOTENAME(d) + ' VARCHAR(255);' -- guessing on destination data type
    FROM
    (
        SELECT DISTINCT d = LEFT([Description], 128) -- identifier <= 128
        FROM inserted AS i
        WHERE NOT EXISTS
        (
          SELECT 1 FROM sys.columns
           WHERE name = LEFT(i.[Description], 128)
           AND [object_id] = OBJECT_ID('dbo.Table2')
        )
    ) AS x;

    EXEC sp_executesql @sql;
END
GO

Now, let's try it out! Try a column that already exists, a multi-row insert where one of the columns already exists, a multi-row insert with dupes, etc. I am not posting a value > 255 nor am I dealing with any fancy characters that will cause a problem. Why? Because ultimately I don't want you to use this solution, I want to solve the real problem. But for the googlers I want to show that there is a solution to the stated problem.
-- does nothing:
INSERT dbo.Table1 SELECT 'ID';

-- only adds column 'foo':
INSERT dbo.Table1 SELECT 'ID'
UNION ALL SELECT 'foo';

-- adds both of these columns:
INSERT dbo.Table1 SELECT 'bar'
UNION ALL SELECT 'splan foob';

-- only adds one of these:
INSERT dbo.Table1 SELECT 'blat'
UNION ALL SELECT 'blat';

SELECT * FROM dbo.Table2;

Results:
ID          foo          bar          splan foob   blat
----------- ------------ ------------ ------------ ------------

Don't forget to clean up:
DROP TABLE dbo.Table1, dbo.Table2;

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
ROVE PANS LIBERALS ON 9/11, AND THEY REACT
NewsdayDaily Press
Senators call for the presidential adviser to apologize or resign. Republicans defend him.
Still smarting from a backlash following Sen. Richard Durbin's comparison of Guantanamo to a gulag, Democrats on Thursday pounced on presidential adviser Karl Rove's suggestion that in the wake of the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks, liberals lacked the fortitude to fight the war on terror.
Rove, whose role as President Bush's chief strategist has brought him scorn from many Democrats, said at a Manhattan fundraiser Wednesday night, "Conservatives saw the savagery of 9/11 and the attacks and prepared for war; liberals saw the savagery of the 9/11 attacks and wanted to prepare indictments and offer therapy and understanding for our attackers."
He went on to tell the New York State Conservative Party, "I don't know about you, but moderation and restraint is not what I felt as I watched the Twin Towers crumble to the earth; a side of the Pentagon destroyed; and almost 3,000 of our fellow citizens perish in flames and rubble."
On Capitol Hill on Thursday, New York Sens. Charles Schumer -- who shares a Washington apartment with Durbin -- and Hillary Clinton called on Rove to apologize. A Schumer spokesman said if that he doesn't, "he should be forced to resign."
Clinton read Rove's quote to Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld during a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing on Iraq, at first without identifying Rove, and asking Rumsfeld to respond.
Rumsfeld demurred but later said it is "unfortunate when things become so polarized and so politicized. ... It isn't helpful."
Despite Democrats' call for Rove to act contrite, one backer said he should stand firm.
"He was talking about the conservative mind-set and the liberal mind-set, and I think he's correct," said New York State Conservative Party Chairman Michael Long.
In addition, Gov. George Pataki said he didn't think Rove should apologize and is thankful Bush occupied the White House on Sept. 11 and not former Vice President Al Gore.
"I'm very proud of the way in which he responded, the resolve that he showed," Pataki said. "And I question whether or not we would have seen that same response out of Al Gore had he been elected." *
Published correction ran Sunday, June 26, 2005.A headline in Friday's front section incorrectly said presidential adviser Karl Rove criticized Democrats about their response to the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. Rove's comments referred to "liberals." (Text corrected.)
Pictures from Daily Press Photographers
Breaking News Videos
Copyright © 2019, Daily Press


text:
The Arts Care Project
No. 221, Section 2, Zhishan Road, Shilin District, Taipei, Taiwan
Educational path
Max. number of participants
mini2135@npm.gov.tw
National Palace Museum aims to address social responsibility by tackling inequality. Since 2015, we have launched The Arts Care Project, expanding our service into medical and social welfare systems. This project aims to engage a wide range of social disadvantage groups, who are usually classified as "non museumgoers". The Arts Care Project is operating on a multidisciplinary model curated by our in-house social worker. We bring together professionals from range of disciplines, including arts therapists, occupational therapists, museum educators, and researchers from art history and marine biology. The team tailor made each program to meet the specific needs of individual special needs group. We wish to provide an exciting museum encounter, and a containing space for personal exploration. National Palace Museum is a treasure box. We believe we have something for all.
Keywords: taiwan taipei
National Palace Museum aims to address social responsibility by tackling...
National Railway Museum Port Adelaide
National Sports Museum
Heart of the Maya
A Royal Room Restored
Test Interactivo ¿Conoces la Batalla del 5 de...
Dr.-Carl-Haeberlin-Friesen-Museum


text:
Le lundi  est le 244 jour de l'année 1986.

Naissances
 Anthony Allen, joueur anglais de rugby à XV
 Brian Broderick, joueur américain de baseball
 Calais Campbell, joueur américain de football américain
 David Enhco, trompettiste et compositeur français de jazz
 Endra Wijaya, coureur cycliste indonésien
 Francis Kasonde, joueur de football zambien
 Gaël Monfils, joueur de tennis français
 Ilia Shtokalov, Champion olympique russe
 Jean Sarkozy, politicien français
 Julien Rey, joueur de rugby
 Lauri Tukonen, joueur de hockey sur glace finlandais
 Matthias Walkner, pilote autrichien de rallye-raid et de moto-cross
 Mohammed Assaf, chanteur palestinien
 Shahar Zubari, marin israélien
 Sharyhan Osman, chanteuse allemande
 Stella Mwangi, chanteuse norvégienne
 Yevgeniy Ektov, athlète kazakh

Décès
 Arthur Carr (né le ), cavalier britannique de saut d'obstacles
 Georges Barillon (né le ), personnalité politique française
 Murray Hamilton (né le ), acteur américain
 Robert Vigier (né le ), joueur français de rugby à XV

Événements
 La française Jeannie Longo remporte le championnat du monde de cyclisme sur route à Colorado Springs (Etats-Unis).
 Découverte des astéroïdes (18329) 1986 RY4, (4482) Frèrebasile, (6696) Eubanks, (8265) 1986 RB5 et (9304) 1986 RA5
 Création de l'entreprise chilienne Colbún
 Publication du livre Moi, Tina
 Publication du roman Monsieur
 Publication du roman Qui se souvient des hommes...
 Création de l'université des sciences et de la technologie d'Oran - Mohamed-Boudiaf

Références

Voir aussi
  septembre et septembre 1986

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


It's been a long time coming, but the golden retriever size hole in our hearts will soon be filled. Hamish, cute face, was born on May 24 to proud parents Breeze & Maxwell of Colonial Goldens Kennel in Lebanon, Maine. At least a thousand pictures to follow in the coming years!


text:
package com.openxc.sinks;

import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.*;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

import org.robolectric.annotation.Config;
import org.robolectric.RobolectricTestRunner;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.openxc.messages.NamedVehicleMessage;
import com.openxc.messages.SimpleVehicleMessage;
import com.openxc.messages.CanMessage;
import com.openxc.messages.DiagnosticResponse;
import com.openxc.messages.VehicleMessage;
import com.openxc.messages.KeyedMessage;
import com.openxc.messages.ExactKeyMatcher;
import com.openxc.measurements.UnrecognizedMeasurementTypeException;
import com.openxc.measurements.VehicleSpeed;
import com.openxc.measurements.SteeringWheelAngle;
import com.openxc.measurements.Measurement;
import com.openxc.measurements.BaseMeasurement;

@RunWith(RobolectricTestRunner.class)
public class MessageListenerSinkTest {
    MessageListenerSink sink;
    SpyListener listener = new SpyListener();
    VehicleSpeed speedReceived;
    VehicleMessage messageReceived;

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        sink = new MessageListenerSink();
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() {
        sink.stop();
    }

    @Test
    public void nonKeyedIgnored() throws DataSinkException {
        KeyedMessage message = new NamedVehicleMessage("foo");
        sink.register(ExactKeyMatcher.buildExactMatcher(message),
                listener);
        sink.receive(new VehicleMessage());
        assertThat(listener.received, nullValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void receiveNonMatchingNotPropagated() throws DataSinkException {
        NamedVehicleMessage message = new NamedVehicleMessage("foo");
        sink.register(ExactKeyMatcher.buildExactMatcher(message), listener);
        message = new NamedVehicleMessage("bar");
        sink.receive(message);
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(listener.received, nullValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void receiveUnrecognizedSimpleMessage() throws
            DataSinkException, UnrecognizedMeasurementTypeException {
        SimpleVehicleMessage message = new SimpleVehicleMessage("foo", "bar");
        sink.register(ExactKeyMatcher.buildExactMatcher(message), listener);
        sink.receive(message);
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertEquals(listener.received.asSimpleMessage(), message);
    }

    @Test
    public void receiveNonMatchingMeasurementNotPropagated() throws
            DataSinkException, UnrecognizedMeasurementTypeException {
        VehicleSpeed speed = new VehicleSpeed(42.0);
        sink.register(speed.getClass(), speedListener);
        SteeringWheelAngle angle = new SteeringWheelAngle(10.1);
        sink.receive(angle.toVehicleMessage());
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(speedReceived, nullValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void receiveCanMessageByClass() throws
            DataSinkException, UnrecognizedMeasurementTypeException {
        CanMessage message = new CanMessage(1, 2, new byte[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
        sink.register(message.getClass(), messageListener);
        sink.receive(message);
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(messageReceived, notNullValue());
        assertEquals(messageReceived, message);
    }

    @Test
    public void removeMessageTypeListener() throws DataSinkException {
        CanMessage message = new CanMessage(1, 2, new byte[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
        sink.register(message.getClass(), messageListener);
        sink.unregister(message.getClass(), messageListener);
        sink.receive(message);
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(messageReceived, nullValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void typeListenerDoesntReceiveOtherMessages() throws
            DataSinkException, UnrecognizedMeasurementTypeException {
        CanMessage message = new CanMessage(1, 2, new byte[]{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8});
        sink.register(DiagnosticResponse.class, messageListener);
        assertThat(messageReceived, nullValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void listenerRecievesMessage() throws DataSinkException {
        NamedVehicleMessage message = new NamedVehicleMessage("foo");
        sink.register(ExactKeyMatcher.buildExactMatcher(message), listener);
        sink.receive(message);
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(listener.received, notNullValue());
        assertEquals(listener.received, message);
    }

    @Test
    public void listenerRecievesMessageContinually() throws DataSinkException {
        NamedVehicleMessage message = new NamedVehicleMessage("foo");
        sink.register(ExactKeyMatcher.buildExactMatcher(message), listener);
        sink.receive(message);
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(listener.received, notNullValue());
        assertEquals(listener.received, message);

        listener.received = null;
        sink.receive(message);
        assertThat(listener.received, nullValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void listenerReceivesMeasurement() throws DataSinkException,
           UnrecognizedMeasurementTypeException {
        VehicleSpeed speed = new VehicleSpeed(42.0);
        sink.register(speed.getClass(), speedListener);
        sink.receive(speed.toVehicleMessage());
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(speedReceived, notNullValue());
        assertEquals(speedReceived, speed);
    }

    @Test
    public void removeMeasurementListenerByClass()
            throws UnrecognizedMeasurementTypeException, DataSinkException {
        VehicleSpeed speed = new VehicleSpeed(42.0);
        sink.register(speed.getClass(), speedListener);
        sink.unregister(speed.getClass(), speedListener);
        sink.receive(speed.toVehicleMessage());
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(speedReceived, nullValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void removeMeasurementListener()
            throws UnrecognizedMeasurementTypeException, DataSinkException {
        VehicleSpeed speed = new VehicleSpeed(42.0);
        sink.register(speed.getClass(), speedListener);
        sink.unregister(speed.getClass(), speedListener);
        sink.receive(speed.toVehicleMessage());
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(speedReceived, nullValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void removeMessageListener()
            throws UnrecognizedMeasurementTypeException, DataSinkException {
        NamedVehicleMessage message = new NamedVehicleMessage("foo");
        sink.register(ExactKeyMatcher.buildExactMatcher(message), listener);
        sink.unregister(ExactKeyMatcher.buildExactMatcher(message), listener);
        sink.receive(message);
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(listener.received, nullValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void messageAndMeasurementListenersBothReceive() throws DataSinkException,
            UnrecognizedMeasurementTypeException {
        VehicleSpeed speed = new VehicleSpeed(42.0);
        VehicleMessage message = speed.toVehicleMessage();
        sink.register(ExactKeyMatcher.buildExactMatcher((KeyedMessage) message), listener);
        sink.register(speed.getClass(), speedListener);
        sink.receive(speed.toVehicleMessage());
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(speedReceived, notNullValue());
        assertThat(listener.received, notNullValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void toStringNotNull() {
        assertThat(sink.toString(), notNullValue());
    }

    @Test
    public void nonpersistentRemovedAfterOne() throws DataSinkException {
        NamedVehicleMessage message = new NamedVehicleMessage("foo");
        sink.register(ExactKeyMatcher.buildExactMatcher(message), listener, false);
        sink.receive(message);
        sink.clearQueue();
        assertThat(listener.received, notNullValue());
        assertEquals(listener.received, message);

        listener.received = null;
        sink.receive(message);
        assertThat(listener.received, nullValue());
    }

    private VehicleSpeed.Listener speedListener = new VehicleSpeed.Listener() {
        @Override
        public void receive(Measurement measurement) {
            speedReceived = (VehicleSpeed) measurement;
        }
    };

    private VehicleMessage.Listener messageListener = new VehicleMessage.Listener() {
        @Override
        public void receive(VehicleMessage message) {
            messageReceived = message;
        }
    };

    private class SpyListener implements VehicleMessage.Listener {
        public VehicleMessage received;

        @Override
        public void receive(VehicleMessage message) {
            received = message;
        }
    };
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


"The Jungle's Edge," In game assets from Adventure Beyond Time.
Creation of this piece of the game world went a very long way toward establishing the Beyond Time universe. The shape of the submarine was directly inspired by the obelisk in 2001: A Space Odyssey.
The Jungle's Edge – Adventure Beyond Time. Sunset Render / Design Experiment.
The initial development concept of Adventure Beyond Time had the early game world bathed in the orange glow of the evening sun. During creation of this the Submarine Jungle Edge Image a different sky temperature was attempted. The render immediately informed the design of the island: wet and misty.
Furthermore, the soil around the base of the submarine in the render demanded some sort of additional explanation; an explanation which came in the form of "timescape's" specific mechanics. A more detailed narrative of submarine crew was ultimately rendered in the notes of submarine's C.O., Capt. Vernes.


text:
<?php

namespace App\Model\Entity;

use Cake\ORM\Entity;

/**
 * Client Entity
 *
 * @property string $id
 * @property string $name
 * @property \Cake\I18n\Time $created
 * @property \Cake\I18n\Time $modified
 *
 * @property \App\Model\Entity\FiscalData[] $fiscal_data
 * @property \App\Model\Entity\Project[] $projects
 */
class Client extends Entity
{

    /**
     * Fields that can be mass assigned using newEntity() or patchEntity().
     *
     * Note that when '*' is set to true, this allows all unspecified fields to
     * be mass assigned. For security purposes, it is advised to set '*' to false
     * (or remove it), and explicitly make individual fields accessible as needed.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $_accessible = [
        '*' => true,
        'id' => false
    ];
}


text:
Contacts & Board Members
Current Participants
RABBINIC STAFF
TZURBA
TORAH SHIURIM
PARSHA VIDEOS
May a Woman Take a Shower Following Immersion in the Mikveh Due to Fear of Coronavirus Infection?
– Author: Rav Avichai Goodman
One of the most intensely debated halachic topics in the wake of our new reality during the era of the coronavirus is the issue of women immersing in the mikveh. Many women have, justifiably or not, been concerned about going to the mikveh over the past few months and immersing in the water.
In this essay, we will focus on the halachic question of whether women are allowed to wash themselves or take a shower with warm water and soap immediately after emerging from the mikveh, and if not, what the potential solutions might be. The main concern has been that perhaps the virus can be transmitted through the mikveh water or through other commonly used surfaces at the mikveh, and bathing or showering immediately following immersion would minimize any potential infection.
The Decree of Mayim She'uvim (Drawn Water)
The Gemara in Shabbat presents a ruling given by both Beit Hillel and Beit Shamai that "הבא ראשו ורובו במים שאובים טמא – One whose head and most of his body has come into drawn water [mayim she'uvim] is impure [by rabbinic decree]."
The Gemara[1] explains the principle underlying this ruling. In those days, people were forced to immerse in mikva'ot located in pits and caves, where the water was dirty and foul-smelling. Immediately after immersing, they would clean themselves with water from a well (classified as mayim she'uvim, drawn water).
The Gemara continues that according to Abaye, as a result of this practice, the general belief became that the tahara, or purification, was comprised of two stages; immersing in the mikveh and washing afterwards. On the other hand, according to Rabba, many believed that only the washing after the mikveh was the purifying stage, and the Sages were concerned that these erroneous beliefs would eventually lead to people cancelling the tevila and only washing in the well. Therefore, Chazal ruled that if three log of drawn water falls on the head of any person, both those who are pure as well as those who were recently impure, he becomes impure.[2]
What Was the Concern?
Rashi, in his commentary on the opinion of Rabba, explains[3] that over time immersing in a mikveh might be cancelled due to the public belief that one is purified specifically by washing in the drawn water, and not in the mikveh water. The Rambam in quoting this ruling offers a somewhat different explanation for this concern. The Rambam explains that[4] one must be concerned that many will believe that only washing in the drawn water purifies people while the mikveh does not make any difference, "והיו טובלין בזלזול בלא כוונה", "and they would immerse with a derogatory attitude toward it without proper intent."
The Halacha
Regardless of the specific concern, it is clear from the Gemara that Chazal prohibited washing in drawn water after dipping in the mikveh. Based on this enactment, the Mordechai cites Rabbeinu Shevet as ruling that a woman who washed herself after dipping in the mikveh would have to immerse again as her original immersion would be disqualified.
On the other hand, the Mordechai[5] writes in the name of the Ra'avya that the abovementioned Gemara does not prove that a nidda may not bathe in drawn water after immersing in the mikveh. The reason is that the Gemara was referring to a person who immersed in the mikveh in order to eat teruma, as explained there by Rashi.[6] This is different than immersing to purify oneself to her husband, which is treated as a chullin (mundane) case, as indicated by the Gemara elsewhere,[7] and is not included in the enactment mentioned in the Gemara in Shabbat. In fact, the Ra'avya writes with regard to permitting a woman to her husband that she is even permitted lechatchila to wash herself after immersing in the mikveh. The Beit Yosef[8] adds that he heard that the Maharam permitted this as well, like the Ra'avya.
Rav Moshe Isserles in the Darkei Moshe[9] adds a list of Ashkenazi poskim who also permit this, including Tosafot Rid,[10] the Agur,[11] Sha'arei Dura,[12] and the Semag.[13] But despite all of these Rishonim who permit the practice, Rav Isserles concludes in the Rema that the minhag is to be more stringent and not wash after immersing.
In his glosses on the Shulchan Aruch, the Rema[14] writes that even though a woman is technically permitted to wash after immersing "in order to warm herself," some poskim rule that "she is forbidden from washing properly in water and this is the minhag." The Levush[15] rules like the Rema as does the Aruch Hashulchan,[16] and it seems that the Shach and Taz also agree, as they do not voice any dissenting opinion. Rav Ovadia Hadaya[17] rules that the (Sefardic) minhag is to be careful lechatchila not to shower after immersing, but many poskim disagree with the stringency of the Rema, including the Gra,[18] the Chida,[19] the Ben Ish Chai,[20] and Rav Ovadya Yosef.[21]
Is Washing Ever Allowed?
Even if Ashkenazim (and some Sefardim) generally take a strict approach to this custom, it is unclear precisely how long following the time of immersion the custom remains in effect. May a woman take a shower when she returns home? Must she wait until twenty-four hours later? Rav Moshe Feinstein[22] understands that a limitation to the time of the prohibition must exist, as otherwise "women would be forbidden from washing forever." He concludes that the prohibition applies only to the day of the immersion, meaning that a woman who immersed at the start of the night is prohibited from washing until sundown of the next day because most women do not have a problem with "not washing for one day," and can observe the minhag without difficulty. He adds though that in a particular case where a woman has difficulty with the custom, one can be more lenient, since it is based on a minority opinion.
On the other hand, Rav Shmuel Wosner[23] claims that the prohibition does not apply from the moment that the woman returns home from the mikveh. In his opinion, the enactment of Chazal applies only to washing in close proximity to the time of her immersion, but from the moment she comes in contact with her husband after returning home, the immersion is considered complete and she may bathe as she wishes. Rav Ovadia Yosef[24] appears to agree with Rav Wosner as well.
Even Rav Feinstein who rules more strictly is lenient for a woman who finds it difficult to refrain from showering for a whole day. In such a case, he rules that "she must be permitted" because the chumra (stringency) is a "da'at yachid" (minority opinion) and such stringencies should only be practiced by the majority of people. But individuals with a great need should not be concerned with a da'at yachid.
The Difference Between a Bath and a Shower
Another potential direction for leniency is to distinguish between bathing and taking a shower. Rav Avraham Yehoshua Bleich in his sefer Chok Uzeman[25] reports hearing from Rav Eliashiv that the prohibition of washing after tevila applies only to a bath and not to a shower. His reasoning is that the water in a bath is all considered one unit and the woman is therefore considered to be bathing in three log of drawn water. In contrast, water in a shower is not considered one unit as each drop is sprayed independently. Therefore, Rav Eliashiv would permit showering even immediately after tevila.
Nevertheless, even this heter is not so simple. Rav Eliashiv's distinction between a bath and a shower was stated in the context of the tevila of a ba'al keri (one who has a nocturnal emission), for whom it is sufficient to wash in nine kav of water (an amount that is more than three log). Rav Eliashiv claimed that showering is not sufficient to purify a ba'al keri. But Rav Bleich notes that many poskim disagree with him and permit a ba'al keri to shower because they hold that shower water is also considered to be one unit and would qualify as nine kav. Rav Bleich therefore concludes that those poskim who are more lenient than Rav Eliashiv concerning a ba'al keri would certainly be stricter with a woman immersing in the mikveh and not permit showering. Since some of those poskim who disagree with Rav Eliashiv are very prominent, including the Minchat Yitzchak[26] and Rav Wosner,[27] he believes that it is very difficult to permit a woman showering after immersion.
Corona Guidelines
In light of the current coronavirus, the question of women washing after tevila has arisen in a practical way once again. As mentioned above, many women fear that the virus might be transferred through the mikveh water or elsewhere on the premises and therefore wish to wash themselves after tevila to prevent infection.[28]
Ideally, the ideal practice from the perspective of health considerations is to wash oneself with soap and water immediately after immersion in the mikveh. Nevertheless, the instructions given by Israel's Ministry of Health[29] prohibit washing in the mikveh building so as to both minimize the time that women spend there and also the chance of touching additional surfaces in the mikveh. Therefore, the recommended health guidelines are that a woman should wash herself with soap and water immediately upon returning home and should avoid touching any surfaces or individuals until she does so.
Based upon the sources we have seen, Sefardim might be permitted to do so even according to the standard halachic practice, which according to many does not prohibit bathing following immersion in the mikveh. In terms of the Ashkenazic custom, Rav Feinstein would certainly not allow it in a normal situation, as in his opinion the custom extends until sundown of the next day. as reported by the Rema would seem to forbid this. Moreover, with regard to the time limitation of the custom, both Rav Feinstein and Rav Wosner agree that one may not wash while still on the mikveh premises. Nevertheless, Rav Feinstein would likely allow it in the current situation, similar to the case addressed there of a specific woman with difficulty.[30]
According to Rav Wosner as well, there may be room for leniency in our case. Rav Wosner concluded that in order to permit washing, two conditions must exist: Returning home and touching her husband. When a woman returns home from the mikveh and she is in physical contact with her husband, the process of purification has been completed, and it is difficult to state that at this stage any washing is still connected to the purification process.
The same principle applies to our case. When a woman returns home, she regards herself as having completed the purification process and only the concern of spreading the virus is preventing her from touching her husband. Thus, there should be no concern that she will consider washing at home as part of the purification process.
This lenient conclusion was reached by both Rav Asher Weiss[31] as well as Rav Hershel Schachter[32] concerning the coronavirus.
[1] Shabbat 14a
[2] The reason that all those who were previously pure also needed to be included in the decree was that otherwise the general public might mistakenly think that one would had just immersed is considered pure like anyone else.
[3]Shabbat 14a, s.v. ela eilu
[4] Mishneh Torah, She'ar Avot HaTuma 9: 1
[5] Mordechai, Shavuot Remez 740
[6] Shabbat 14a, s.v. hitchilu
[7] Chullin 31a
[9] Darkei Moshe, Y.D. 201:30.
[10] Responsa of the Rid, siman 73
[11] Siman 1400
[12] Hilchot Nidda, siman 20. It should be noted that the Sha'arei Dura brings the opinion of Rabbeinu Shevet as permitting washing, while the Mordechai quoted above cites him as being more stringent.
[13] Semag, Lavin 38, 111d
[14] Shulchan Aruch, Y.D. 201:75
[15] To Y.D. 201:75
[17] Responsa Yaskil Avdi 7:8:4 (found in the Kuntres Acharon at the end of Volume 7)
[18] Y.D. 201:127
[19] Shiyurei Beracha, Y.D. 101:25
[20] Responsa Rav Pe'alim 4:15
[21] Responsa Yabia Omer, Vol. 8, Y.D. 19; Taharat HaBayit, Vol. 2, Mishmeret HaTahara, p. 524.
[22] Responsa Igrot Moshe, Y.D. 2:96
[23] Responsa Shevet HaLevi 5:125
[24]Responsa Yabia Omer, Vol. 7, Y.D. 19:1.
[25] Hilchot Yom Hatevila, Chok Umishpat, comment 7.
[26] 4:21
[27] Responsa Shevet HaLevi 1:24
[28] It must be clarified that all healthcare systems have agreed that no risk exists of the virus spreading through the mikveh water itself (due to the presence of chlorine), but rather inside the other facilities, on door handles, etc.
[29] The Israeli Ministry of Health guidelines are available at https://www.gov.il/he/departments/general/sharpening_guidelines_service_in_the_mikvahs. See also guidelines published by the OU at https://www.ou.org/covid-19-and-the-mikvah-recommended-protocols.
[30] See the ruling of Rav Schachter referenced in footnote 32, where Rav Schachter writes that it is a kal v'chomer that Rav Moshe would allow washing in the conditions presented by the coronavirus.
[31] Minchat Asher, Responsa Concerning the Coronavirus Pandemic, Second Edition, Siman 11
[32] https://www.yutorah.org/lectures/lecture.cfm/950654/rabbi-hershel-schachter/piskei-corona-12-showering-after-the-mikvah.
– Length:
Other Shiurim in this Category
Reciting a Beracha on Immersion in Non-Standard Cases
Hair as an Independent Unit Regarding Chatzitza
Is the "Menstrual Feeling" Causative or Indicative?
Halachic Infertility: The Problem and the Solutions
May Women Who are in a State of Niddah or Pregnant Attend a Funeral?


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Amendola missed last week's game with a knee injury. He returned to the field Wednesday.
"Just to get him out at practice (Wednesday) was good, being able to do some of the things he did," Gase said. "We'll see how the week goes. I'm pretty sure you know what he's already saying. I'm just trying to make sure we go through the week the right way where he doesn't put himself in a worse position.
Amendola has 48 catches for 469 yards with one touchdown this season, his first with the Dolphins. He's also returned two punts for 14 yards.
The 10-year veteran had 230 receptions for 2,383 yards with 12 touchdowns in five seasons with the Patriots. He added 57 catches for 709 yards with six touchdowns in 13 postseason games.
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text:
Jaundice pathophysiology
Jaundice Microchapters
Differentiating Jaundice from other Conditions
Chest X Ray
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Jaundice pathophysiology On the Web
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Jaundice pathophysiology
FDA on Jaundice pathophysiology
CDC on Jaundice pathophysiology
Jaundice pathophysiology in the news
Blogs on Jaundice pathophysiology
Directions to Hospitals Treating Jaundice
Risk calculators and risk factors for Jaundice pathophysiology
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2], Ahmed Elsaiey, MBBCH [3]
Bilirubin is the catabolic product of the heme which is the main component of the red blood cells. Bilirubin is formed in the liver and spleen then it passes through several process in order to be metabolized. Metabolism processes include hepatic uptake, conjugation, clearance and excretion of the bilirubin in the bile. Jaundice develops due to increase the level of bilirubin and deposition under the skin and cause the yellow discoloration of the skin. Pathogenesis of neonatal jaundice includes physiologic process of bilirubin accumulation or pathological mechanism. The pathological jaundice may be acquired or inherited. Acquired neonatal jaundice include Rh hemolytic disease, ABO incompatibility disease, and hemolytic disease due to G6PD enzyme deficiency. Inherited neonatal jaundice is due to defect of one of the processes of bilirubin metabolism and it concludes some inherited syndromes. Inherited neonatal jaundice include Gilbert's syndrome, Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I and II, Lucey-Driscoll syndrome, Dubin-Johnson syndrome, and Rotor syndrome.
Bilirubin formation and metabolism
Bilirubin is the final catabolic product of the heme. The heme is a component of various biological molecules and enzymes but, it is mainly incorporated in the hemoglobin which is the primary component of the red blood cells.[1][2]
Bilirubin is formed mainly in the liver and spleen through two steps which include:[3][4]
Heme oxygenase enzyme degrades the porphyrin ring of the heme and breaks it down. A green compound called biliverdin is then formed as a result of the previous reaction. Carbon monoxide is released as a result of the reaction.
Biliverdin reductase enzyme catalyzes the formation of bilirubin from biliverdin.
Bilirubin is a toxic metabolite so, the body has physiologic processes to eliminate the bilirubin. Bilirubin elimination process includes:[5]
Hepatic uptake[6]
After the formation of the bilirubin and its secretion into the bloodstream, bilirubin becomes bound to the albumin to facilitate its transportation to the liver.
The hepatocytes then reuptake the bilirubin and prepare it for excretion.
Conjugation[7][8]
Bilirubin is then conjugated with glucuronic acid producing bilirubin diglucuronide which is water soluble.
Being water soluble, hence, the conjugated bilirubin can be excreted into bile.
The conjugation process occurs by the glucuronosyltransferase enzyme in the liver cells.
Clearance and excretion[9]
After conjugation of the bilirubin in the liver, it is secreted into the bile then into the gastrointestinal tract.
In the GIT, the conjugated bilirubin is metabolized by the gut enzymes into urobilinogen which is oxidized into urobilin.
Metabolism of the conjugated bilirubin occurs properly in the adults. However, the newborns have sterile gastrointestinal canal which impedes the catalyzation of the conjugated bilirubin.
The sterile tract ends up with a small amount of excreted bile.
The remaining conjugated bilirubin is unconjugated by the beta-glucuronidase enzyme in the neonatal intestine.
The unconjugated bilirubin is reabsorbed back into the blood and to the liver through the enterohepatic circulation of bilirubin.
A small amount of bilirubin is cleared into the urine as urobilinogen.
For more information about viral hepatitis pathophysiology click here
For more information about cirrhosis pathophysiology click here
For more information about neonatal jaundice pathophysiology click here
Pathogenesis of Adult jaundice
Jaundice in adult patients classified into two major types:
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
The primary pathophysiology of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia include:[10]
Overproduction of bilirubin
Reduced bilirubin uptake
Impaired bilirubin conjugation
The combination of progestational and estrogenic steroids may result in increased UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity
Biliary tract obstruction[11]
Biliary tract obstruction leads to both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubinemia.
Bilirubin is transported back to the plasma by ATP-consuming pumps.
The markers are serum concentrations of bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase.
Biliary retention secondary to obstruction may reverse the glucuronidation.
Produced unconjugated bilirubin will diffuse or be transported back into the plasma.
Mirizzi syndrome[12]
Extrahepatic bile ducts compression by a distended gallbladder due to cholelithiasis.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis and cholangiocarcinoma
Intrahepatic and extrahepatic portions of the bile ducts are affected.
Adult Ascaris lumbricoides
Eggs of certain liver flukes (e.g., Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica)
AIDS cholangiopathy[13]
Cryptosporidium species
Viral hepatitis (hepatitis viruses, herpes simplex virus, Epstein-Barr virus)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria (especially Mycobacterium avium intracellulare)
Fungal infections (Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Candida albicans, Coccidioides immitis)
Parasites (Pneumocystis carinii)
Tumor infiltration (lymphoma, Kaposi sarcoma)
Drug-induced liver disease
Liver infrastructure damage
Viral hepatitis: For more information about viral hepatitis click here
Alcoholic hepatitis: For more information about viral hepatitis click here
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: For more information about viral hepatitis click here
Primary biliary cholangitis: For more information about viral hepatitis click here
Toxicity[14]
Dose-related fashion (e.g., alkylated steroids such as methyltestosterone and ethinyl estradiol)
Idiosyncratic or allergic reaction (e.g., chlorpromazine, halothane).
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids which may cause veno-occlusive disease of the liver (e.g., Jamaican bush tea)
Sepsis and low perfusion states[15]
Bacterial endotoxins
Malignant lymphoproliferative diseases
Gynecologic malignancies
Infiltrative diseases of the liver
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN)[16]
At least two to three weeks of TPN may lead to development of cholestasis.
Intestinal endotoxins transfer into the portal system
Bacterial sepsis
Formation of secondary bile acids (e.g., lithocholic acid)
Biliary sludge after six weeks of TPN
Hepatotoxic factors, such as tryptophan degradation metabolites and aluminum contaminants
Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine
Sickle cell disease[17]
Hemolysis
Mild hepatic dysfunction
Both unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin accumulate in the plasma
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy[18]
Usually in the third trimester but sometimes earlier
Heralds cholestasis and then frank jaundice
May be associated with increased stillbirths and prematurity
All the pathologic changes would disappear after delivery
Hepatocellular injury[19]
Different presentations simulate cholestatic syndromes.
Intracellular proteins and small molecules are released into the plasma.
Increased transaminases, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT).
Paraneoplastic syndrome
Infiltrative hepatic diseases
Total parenteral nutrition
Extravascular hemolysis
Intravascular hemolysis
Extravasation
Dyserythropoiesis
• Cholelithiasis
• Tumor
• Primary biliary cholangitis
• Parasites
• Pancreatitis
• Stricture
• Choledochal cyst
• Biliary atresia
• Decreased hepatic blood flow
• Decreased delivery of bilirubin
• Capillarization of the sinusoidal endothelial cells (loss of fenestrae)
• Impaired bilirubin uptake at the sinusoidal surface of hepatocytes
• Rifamycin antibiotics
• Probenecid
• Flavaspidic acid
• Bunamiodyl (a cholecystographic agent)
• Type I and II Crigler Najjar syndrome
• Hyperthyroidism
• Ethinyl estradiol
• Novobiocin
• Gentamicin
• Chronic persistent hepatitis
• Advanced cirrhosis
• Wilson's disease
Neonates and infants
Portosystemic shunt
Gilbert's Syndrome
Drug-induced defect
↓ or NoUGT activity
Inhibit UGT
Hepatocellular Disease
Biliary obstruction
Intrahepatic cholestasis
↑ Berk PD, Howe RB, Bloomer JR, Berlin NI (1969). "Studies of bilirubin kinetics in normal adults". J Clin Invest. 48 (11): 2176–90. doi:10.1172/JCI106184. PMC 297471. PMID 5824077. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ LONDON IM, WEST R, SHEMIN D, RITTENBERG D (1950). "On the origin of bile pigment in normal man". J Biol Chem. 184 (1): 351–8. PMID 15422003. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Knobloch E, Hodr R, Herzmann J, Houdková V (1986). "Kinetics of the formation of biliverdin during the photochemical oxidation of bilirubin monitored by column liquid chromatography". J Chromatogr. 375 (2): 245–53. PMID 3700551. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Bissell DM, Hammaker L, Schmid R (1972). "Liver sinusoidal cells. Identification of a subpopulation for erythrocyte catabolism". J Cell Biol. 54 (1): 107–19. PMC 2108858. PMID 5038868. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Paludetto R, Mansi G, Raimondi F, Romano A, Crivaro V, Bussi M; et al. (2002). "Moderate hyperbilirubinemia induces a transient alteration of neonatal behavior". Pediatrics. 110 (4): e50. PMID 12359823. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Weiss JS, Gautam A, Lauff JJ, Sundberg MW, Jatlow P, Boyer JL; et al. (1983). "The clinical importance of a protein-bound fraction of serum bilirubin in patients with hyperbilirubinemia". N Engl J Med. 309 (3): 147–50. doi:10.1056/NEJM198307213090305. PMID 6866015. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Chowdhury JR, Chowdhury NR, Wu G, Shouval R, Arias IM (1981). "Bilirubin mono- and diglucuronide formation by human liver in vitro: assay by high-pressure liquid chromatography". Hepatology. 1 (6): 622–7. PMID 6796486. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Bosma PJ, Seppen J, Goldhoorn B, Bakker C, Oude Elferink RP, Chowdhury JR; et al. (1994). "Bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1 is the only relevant bilirubin glucuronidating isoform in man". J Biol Chem. 269 (27): 17960–4. PMID 8027054. CS1 maint: Explicit use of et al. (link) CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Vítek L, Zelenka J, Zadinová M, Malina J (2005). "The impact of intestinal microflora on serum bilirubin levels". J Hepatol. 42 (2): 238–43. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2004.10.012. PMID 15664250. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Duseja A, Das A, Das R, Dhiman RK, Chawla Y, Bhansali A (2005). "Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis--is it Gilbert's syndrome?". Trop Gastroenterol. 26 (3): 123–5. PMID 16512459.
↑ Abdallah AA, Krige JE, Bornman PC (2007). "Biliary tract obstruction in chronic pancreatitis". HPB (Oxford). 9 (6): 421–8. doi:10.1080/13651820701774883. PMC 2215354. PMID 18345288. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Beltrán MA (2012). "Mirizzi syndrome: history, current knowledge and proposal of a simplified classification". World J Gastroenterol. 18 (34): 4639–50. doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i34.4639. PMC 3442202. PMID 23002333.
↑ Yusuf TE, Baron TH (April 2004). "AIDS Cholangiopathy". Curr Treat Options Gastroenterol. 7 (2): 111–117. PMID 15010025.
↑ Schaffner F (1975). "Hepatic drug metabolism and adverse hepatic drug reactions". Vet. Pathol. 12 (2): 145–56. doi:10.1177/030098587501200206. PMID 171822.
↑ Famularo G, De Simone C, Nicotra GC (July 2003). "Jaundice and the sepsis syndrome: a neglected link". Eur. J. Intern. Med. 14 (4): 269–271. PMID 12919846.
↑ Moss RL, Das JB, Ansari G, Raffensperger JG (March 1993). "Hepatobiliary dysfunction during total parenteral nutrition is caused by infusate, not the route of administration". J. Pediatr. Surg. 28 (3): 391–6, discussion 396–7. PMID 8468653.
↑ Mallouh AA, Asha MI (October 1988). "Acute cholestatic jaundice in children with sickle cell disease: hepatic crises or hepatitis?". Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 7 (10): 689–92. PMID 3186339.
↑ Geenes V, Williamson C (2009). "Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy". World J Gastroenterol. 15 (17): 2049–66. PMC 2678574. PMID 19418576.
↑ Gowda S, Desai PB, Hull VV, Math AA, Vernekar SN, Kulkarni SS (2009). "A review on laboratory liver function tests". Pan Afr Med J. 3: 17. PMC 2984286. PMID 21532726. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
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