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Sailing Intermezzo
Bahia del Sol: First Impressions
We are enjoying our stay in Bahia del Sol. Intermezzo is anchored in pretty, calm estuary and we have had nice cooling breezes in the afternoons. It is a very relaxing place.
We have been using the facilities of the small hotel across from us on the other side of the estuary, its pool, bar, restaurant and Internet access. As members of their "Cruisers Club", we get all this for $14 per week, which also entitles us to $1 beers and 30% off our restaurant bills. I am drinking more beer than I should. I have plonked myself down in the air conditioned lobby for the past couple of afternoons to get my income taxes done and filed online. I have appreciated the air conditioning for this activity.
There is a very sociable small group of American and Canadian retiree residents here who do a lot to help visiting yachts and make us feel welcome. The have provided a lot of helpful advice on the local area, resources for boat work and for taking inland trips. We have been invited to a weekly Sunday afternoon potluck gathering at a couple's home, although the freshly killed chicken that was supposed to be delivered to Intermezzo this morning that we plan on bringing with us is over two hours late. Maybe the chicken didn't cooperate, ran really fast and got away. I hope so for its sake, but it leaves us no luck to contribute to the pot.
Yesterday we took the dinghy a few miles up the estuary to visit with Willy, the mechanic referred to us by "Eric from Guatamala". Willy is a very nice Cuban who manages a small sport fishing lodge and marina owned by a guy in Delaware with a big Diesel engine/boat business. Willy thinks he can get us parts for the saildrives and engine within a week or so. He and his mechanic seem Jorge seem pretty experienced, have a nice little repair shop at the lodge, are used to doing work on boats while beached on a nearby sandbar during low tide and the boss in Delaware sounds like a very knowledgeable guy to draw on for support. I gave Willy the list of spare parts I'd like to get, plus the 1,000 hour engine maintenance schedule so that he can contact his boss and see what we can get, when. Further research indicates that there isn't a haul out facility until Quepo in Costa Rica. It will be much cheaper to get the work done here than there, so I'm hopeful that Willy can pull through
for us. If we have to wait more than a week for the parts, we might venture out to explore some nearby inland sights for a few days.
After a visiting Willy, we took the dinghy a bit further up to the small village of Heradura. El Salvador is statistically a much poorer country than Mexico and what I observed in Heradura confirms that. We're only an hour and a half from San Salvador, the nation's capital and largest city, in the most populated region of the country, but Heradura has less physical and social infrastructure than some of the most remote villages we visited in Mexico. Interestingly, a relatively high proportion of El Salvadoran's have lived in the U.S., so even in this tiny village in the mangroves, we met Jose, who speaks great English and lived in Herndon, Virginia for many years. His son and daughter both still live there, after both graduated from the University of Virginia. We walked up and down the one-road village, visited the municipal market, picked up some groceries and then had lunch at a local waterside restaurant. My Spanish isn't good enough to understand the details, but Miller
beer (the premium brew here- ugh) was running a promotion and the promoter, even though I didn't take him up on his special price for six beers, asked me to pose with two young pretty beer models dressed in lime green mini-dresses for publicity photographs. I imagine the caption will read something like, "See, even if you are a badly dressed greying gringo, if you drink Miller beer, the muchachas will like you." I'm thinking, now that the Dos Equis' "World's Most Interesting Man" has been retired, perhaps I might become Miller El Salvador's even more interesting mature male beer spokesmodel.
We have a good conversation starter in this country, as Renee's late father was El Salvadoran and briefly served as president of El Salvador's central bank. She has some old currency with her dad's signature on the front, a very unique piece of family memorabilia. Part of her interest in traveling inland is to see more of the country her father came from, but of which she knows very little about.
Well, we just found out that our chicken did meet it's unfortunate end and will now be delivered directly to potluck venue, rather than the boat. Sorry, chicken. So we're off to socialize with the expats and fellow cruisers for the afternoon.
Posted by Steve at 5:57 AM
Intermezzo \in-tər-ˈmet-(ˌ)sō\
A brief entertainment between two acts of a play.
Sailing Intermezzo is a blog about a sailing adventure between decades of work and whatever comes next.
See Where Intermezzo Is Now
Intermezzo's Track
Steve's Words
Bahia del Sol: Parts, Surf, Roadtrip, and Beyond
Bahia del Sol: San Salvador Day Trip
Bahia del Sol: Morning Run, Parts & Service, Summe...
Bahia del Sol, El Salvador: Photo Essay
Renee's Pictures: Pelanque, Tonina, Ocosingo
Bahia del Sol
Entered Waters of El Salvador
Puerto Chiapas to Bahia del Sol: 16 Mar 14:30
Puerto Chiapas to Marina Barillas: 16 Mar 03:30
Puerto Chiapas to Marina Barilla: 15 Mar 22:00
Puerto Chiapas to Bahia Jiquilisco, El Salvador: 1...
Palenque-Ocosingo-San Cristóbal: Waterfalls, More ...
Palenque: Running Redux, Hat, Ruins
Huatulco to Puerto Chiapas: We Survived the Tehuan...
Huatulco to Puerto Chiapas, 1 March 19:00
The Panama Canal: We Made It!
Isla Providencia
Marina Chiapas: Boat Chores
Intermezzo's Top 20 Gear List - Part 2
Leaving Isla Providencia for Grand Cayman Island
Intermezzo's Top 20 Gear List - Part 1
Monterey to Morro Bay
Rudder Leak Fixed
Water, Santa Cruz and Beyond
The Voyage Has Begun
© Stephen Cox. All Rights Reserved. Simple theme. Powered by Blogger.


text:
class CreateSelecaoAdminEnrolledSurveyAnswers < ActiveRecord::Migration
  def change
    create_table(:selecao_admin_enrolled_survey_answers, :id => false) do |t|
      t.references :survey_question_option
      t.references :enrolled
      t.string :other_option
      t.belongs_to :enrollment

      t.timestamps
    end
    add_index :selecao_admin_enrolled_survey_answers, :survey_question_option_id, :name => 'sa_enrolled_survey_answers_survey_question_option_id'
    add_index :selecao_admin_enrolled_survey_answers, :enrolled_id, :name => 'sa_enrolled_survey_answers_enrolled_id'
    add_index :selecao_admin_enrolled_survey_answers, :enrollment_id, :name => 'sa_enrolled_survey_answers_enrollment_id'
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The design for 'Herbert' was borne one rare warm and sunny afternoon, this summer, when Sue and a fellow artist spent time bouncing ideas between each other, in her friend's back garden. Two main features of 2012 came up and Sue later planned designs around both, each with a generic flavour.
The first design was based on the weather map, featuring yellow wellies, a souwester and plenty of rain and clouds, with sunny spells. The second idea came from the celebrations and successes of the year – the Diamond Jubilee and the Olympics, with its atmosphere created and sustained by sportsmen and women, the crowd and artists involved in the opening and closing ceremonies. This gorilla was based on the idea of celebration bunting, set against a blue sky background. Each bunting flag was designed to reflect elements of Africa in pattern and colour and also animals associated with the gorilla.
'Herbert', the celebration gorilla was chosen as the final design and using specific acrylic paints, Sue spent time sponging a mix of blues as a background to the colourful bunting looped around his body, finally bringing him to life.


APIS has posted its new treatment of alcohol taxes, which replaces the previous alcohol tax data in the APIS Policy Topics section of the APIS Web site. Beer, wine and distilled spirits taxes are treated as separate policies with data on each posted for the period 1/1/2003 through 1/1/2011. The new treatment provides two sets of tax rates: "specific excise taxes" (taxes levied on the quantity of a beverage) and "ad valorem excise taxes" (taxes levied on the price of a beverage). To facilitate cross-state comparison, data are provided for "index" beverages in each state: 5% ABV beer, 12% ABV wine, and 40% ABV distilled spirits. A notes field provides additional information on differential tax rates for beverages with higher or lower alcohol content. The new posting replaces five alcohol tax policies, which had not been updated since 1/1/2007 and which included separate treatment of taxes on sparkling wine and flavored alcoholic beverages.


text:
Q: module_invoke_all not returning all modules I'm creating a module wich provides a separate node overview page for each content type.
My problem lies in trying to recreate the node operations dropdown.
In the node module this is done by calling the module_invoke_all function with the 'node_operations' hook.
This returns an array of all modules that implement the 'node_operations' hook.
In my case the following two modules: 'node' and 'nodewords'.
When I call module_invoke_all('node_operations') in my module, it returns only the 'nodewords' module, not the 'node' module.
This is because the 'node_node_operations' function does not exist.
Can anyone explain this behavior?

A: It looks like the hook is in node.admin.inc, which is not automatically included. See http://api.drupal.org/api/drupal/modules--node--node.admin.inc/function/node_node_operations/7
This is imho a bug, you should look if there already is an issue and if not, create a new one.
Anyway, as a workaround, you can include the node.admin.inc file like this before calling the hook:
<?php
module_load_include('inc', 'node', 'node.admin');
?>

(Yeah, weird syntax ;))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Supermarket shelves will still be stocked with bananas and rum from the Caribbean after Brexit, ministers said last night, after they signed Britain's latest trade deal.
Officials have secured an agreement with nations including Barbados, Grenada and Jamaica which will preserve the terms of their trade with Britain after it leaves the European Union.
It is the eighth of about 40 EU accords that the UK government is seeking to replicate in time for a no-deal Brexit. European leaders pushed back the deadline this week from March 29 to April 12 if the House of Commons fails to agree the deal negotiated with the EU.


text:
Meet Fred Ball - The X Factor: The Band industry expert wrote a hit Rihanna song!
The X Factor is back for a second time in 2019! The X Factor: Celebrity rounded off on Saturday, November 30th. And now, we have The X Factor: The Band which kicked off from Monday, December 9th at 8:30 pm on ITV.
After the success bands have had from the ITV show previously, The X Factor: The Band sees Simon Cowell and Nicole Scherzinger on the hunt for a brand new girl or boy band.
Nicole has experience of leading the Pussycat Dolls, while Simon has managed many a band in his time including Little Mix and One Direction.
And if you're wondering who Fred Ball on The X Factor: The Band is? Then wonder no more…
Screenshot: Fred Ball X Factor The Band – ITV
The X Factor: Who is Fred Ball?
Fred Ball is a singer, songwriter and producer managed by massive music label Roc Nation.
Originally, Fred hails from Fredrikstad, Norway but now lives in London.
Fred has been nominated and won multiple awards over the years, most recently he received a Grammy nomination in 2019 of 'Best R&B Album' for Toni Braxton's "Sex & Cigarettes".
BLOWN AWAY: X Factor: The Band: Meet Jed Thomas on Insta – viewers adore the singer!
Fred Ball: X Factor – What songs has he written?
Sitting alongside other music producers and songwriters Naughty Boy, Lil Eddie and Carla Williams is thick spectacle wearer Fred.
Fred has worked with some of the biggest names in the music industry including Beyonce and Jay-Z, Madonna, Mariah Carey, Anne-Marie, Toni Braxton, Little Mix, Rihanna and more.
Specifically, Fred wrote Rihanna's song Love on the Brain for her album Anti. As well as that, he wrote Beyonce and Jay-Z's Heard About Us and Raye's Love Me Again.
✅ Mission Completed! I gave @mariahcarey her award after her epic Royal Albert Hall show! The End! @ivorsacademy @prsformusic
A post shared by Fred Ball (@mrfredball) on May 29, 2019 at 4:19pm PDT
Meet Fred on Instagram
Music maestro Fred is on Instagram as @mrfredball with over 6,000 followers.
Fred's Instagram is filled with snaps of himself alongside music legends including Nile Rodgers and Mariah Carey.
By the looks of his social media, Fred has a wife and son and often posts a throwback photo to his younger days in Norway.
R 'N' B OG: Get to know Lil Eddie – The X Factor: The Band's Latin and R 'n' B genius!
We found First Dates Claudia on Instagram: Lip tattoo put Chris off!
Tags: Fred Ball, ITV, The X Factor, The X Factor The Band

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


At the Valea Verde we place a huge emphasis on growing as much of our own produce as we can. We have several plots scattered all over the valley in which we grow vegetables from organic local and international seeds. We were amazed to discover the wide variety of produce one could grow - apart from the traditional local varieties of tomatons, eggplants, carrots, peppers, zuchine, pumpkins, cabbages etc., we managed to grow artichockes, coriander, fennel, kale, brussel sprouts and many other delicious vegetables.
Our menu is very much dominated by the perfect ripeness of those vegetables, so rest assured that when you have a tomato starter in our restauranbt you well experience an explosion of flavours as we pick the tomatoes from its vine just 30min before serving them!


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Home Asia/Pacific BREAKING NEWS: Bangladesh Releasing Jailed Evangelist
Bangladedh
BREAKING NEWS: Bangladesh Releasing Jailed Evangelist
By BosNewsLife Asia Service
Most people in Bangladesh are Muslims.
DHAKA, BANGLADESH (BosNewsLife)– Bangladesh was to release Friday, April 1, a young evangelist who was sentenced to one year imprisonment for "creating chaos" by selling and distributing Christian books and other literature near a major Muslim gathering.
Trial observers said 25-year-old Biplob Marandi, a tribal Christian, was declared innocent by a court in Gazipur district reviewing the case.
It was unclear whether international publicity and pressure had also played a role in the March 29 decision.
In a statement, Marandi's attorney, Lensen Swapon Gomes, said the outcome proves that he didnot create chaos at a religious gathering as prosecutors had charged.
Gomes said it was his impression that Muslim hardliners "harassed him" and handed the young man over to a local court as "they became angry" that he distributed Christian literature.
RELIGIOUS PROVISIONS
The attorney appealed the decision on grounds that his client's religious activities were "protected by the religious freedom provisions of the Bangladesh constitution."
Marandi was sentenced February 28 after being detained in January near a gathering of the massive 'Bishwa Ijtema', or World Muslim Congregation, on the banks of the Turag River near the town of Tongi.
Every year, several million Sufi Muslims take part in Bishwa Ijtema to pray and listen to Islamic theologians from around the world.
Bangladesh compares the annual event with the Hajj, the Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca in Saudi Arabia, commentators say.
Although his lawyer welcomed the court's decision to free him, Marandi's case has underscored international concerns about reported violence against Christians and other religious minorities in the heavily Islamic, impoverished, Asian nation.
In a recent report, the United States State Department said that "Although the government publicly supported freedom of religion, attacks on religious and ethnic minorities continued to be a problem during the reporting period."
It added that religious minorities "are often at the bottom of the social hierarchy and, therefore, have the least political recourse."
Christians comprise less than one percent of the population of some 160 million people, according to estimates by the United Sates Central Intelligence Agency (CIA).
Bangladesh is one of the world's most densely populated countries, with its people crammed into a delta of rivers that empties into the Bay of Bengal. Many are deeply poor with almost half the population living on less than one dollar a day, analysts say.
Biplob Marandi
Bishwa Ijtema
Lensen Swapon Gomes
Previous articleChristians Doubt Burma's 'Civilian' Government
Next articleEvangelist Palau Joins Vietnam's First Protestant Celebration In Decades
Yasin 1st April 2011 At 2:55 pm
Please preach peace….. What Jesus actually said not any corrupted ideology…..


Reel Women in Film highlights women's voices in cinematic arts.
Films featured in the series showcase the women whose vital contributions impact the cinematic world both in front of and behind the camera. The 2018-2019 season celebrates a theme of "influencers and visionaries" within the field of filmmaking.
Following the film screenings, attendees participate in Q & A sessions with scholars, filmmakers, and actors, examining the film's relevance to the modern world.
Promotional support for Reel Women in Film is provided by Women & Their Work.


Unique home design ideas exterior is one images from house unique design ideas of World Homes photos gallery. This image has dimension 1600x1281 Pixel and File Size 500 KB, you can click the image above to see the large or full size photo. Previous photo in the gallery is some unique villa designs home appliance. For next photo in the gallery is modern unique house architecture indian home decor. You are viewing image #4 of 23, you can see the complete gallery at the bottom below.


text:
Battery swapping future on cards for Yamaha electric scooters
Sales of electric bikes in Australia are doubling even as retailers fight a new 5 per cent tarriff on electric bike imports, but other countries have long embraced the eco-friendly, space-saving form of transport.
Japanese maker of motorcycles and marine motors, Yamaha, is taking it one step further, with its Indian subsidiary working towards an easy-to-change battery scooter as it takes aim at the Taiwanese market.
It plans to do so in collaboration with Taiwanese firm Gogoro, with whom it is exploring a contract and who already makes electric scooters and battery swapping infrastructure.
While Yamaha intends to apply Gogoro's battery swapping technology to their own Yamaha-branded e-scooters, all production will be handled by Gogoro.
Yasuo Ishihara, development director of Yamaha India, also confirmed that the two companies are working, together with other Yamaha research centers in other countries, to develop a platform or base for electric bikes.
"This collaboration with Gogoro in the Taiwanese market will not only increase the mobility options of our customers, but we believe that sharing leading-edge battery-swapping system enables embracing the challenge of creating a new mobility service market," said Takuya Kinoshita, Chief General Manager of Motorcycle Business Operations, Yamaha Motor.
Swapping batteries on electric scooters will by no means by a new thing in Taiwan – there are currently 750 Gogoro battery swapping stations in the Asian country, some of which are powered by on-site solar panels, with another 250 slated for installation by 2019.
In fact, since launch, over 17 million battery swaps have been executed by the Gogoro Energy Network.
Gogoro says it is excited about the possible collaboration.
"Gogoro was founded as an open platform innovator utilizing energy network infrastructure to spark the smart city transition in megacities. We are honored to collaborate with Yamaha to take a major step forward towards our goal," said Horace Luke, founder and CEO of Gogoro Inc.
Yamaha began their foray into the electric scooter market in 2014 with the release of the all-electric E-Vino, which is available in both Japan and Taiwan.


Making the connection between buyer and seller.
One of the largest parts of our business is finding the perfect pre-owned aircraft for our customers. We utilize global listing services, retail and dealer databases, allowing us to track down most any aircraft you're after. From acquisitions to brokerage to consulting, we work with you every step of the way to help you bring your plane home. Browse our listings and see what's available right now.
There are no aircraft that match your selection in our online inventory at this time. Please contact us at 316-641-8620 for assistance.


text:
Q: Question about the travel time of a ship "using" a warp drive metric I - The Warp Drive metric:
The  Warp Drive is a geometry in a spacetime $(\mathcal{M},g)$ given (in geometrized coordinates $c=G=1$) by the following metric tensor:
$$ ds^{2} = -dt^{2}+ (dx-v_{s}f(r_{s})dt)^{2}+dx^{2}+dy^{2}+dz^{2} \tag{1}$$
The basic interpretation is: suppose that we have a spaceship who can generate a spacetime curvature like $(1)$ around itself. This geometry generates a region called a "bubble" which have the property that the curvature vanishes outside the bubble and inside too (where the ship lies), resulting a "boundary of curvature ". Also, this structure, expand the spacetime in the backwards of the ship and contracts in front of it, this mechanism then allows the ship to travel around.
So, the $v_{s}$ is the velocity of the ship seeing by a outside observer (an astronomer) and $f(r_{s})$ is a function that forces the behaviour of "curvature vanishes outside and inside" (which means that the spacetime is minkowskian outside the bubble and is minkowskian inside, but have a curvature the edges) .
II - Using the Warp Drive:
Now, in the reference $[1]$ we encounter the following gendaken situation:
Suppose two planets $A$ and $B$, quite separated $D$ from each other. Then, the spaceship wants to travel from $A$ to $B$ using the warp drive propulsion. Starting from surface of planet $A$, the ship uses fuel based engines to travel at constant velocity $V$ a distance $d<<D$ to get inside a orbital station for spool the warp drives properly. Then the ship arrives at the station and turn off the fuel based engines. After that, in the station, the captain lights the warp drive throttle and generates the spacetime geometry $(1)$.
The ship then moves under a uniform accelerated motion $a$ a $L$ distance, to another space station in the orbit of planet $B$ distant $d$ from the surface; the ship ports at the station and after some time the crew back to $A$ unsing the same mechanism (therefore it'a round trip scenario).

III - Some Facts:
The travel time of a round trip from a star $A$ to $B$ is given by (accordingly observers in Minkowski spacetime)$[1]$:
$$ T = 2\Bigg(\frac{d}{V} + \sqrt{\frac{D-2d}{a}} \Bigg) \tag{2} $$
But from the point of view of someone inside the "bubble", the travel time is then given by$[1]$:
$$ \tau= 2\Bigg(\frac{d}{\gamma V} + \sqrt{\frac{D-2d}{a}} \Bigg) \tag{2}$$
Now, external observers are living in Minkowski spacetime given by the metric:
$$ds^{2} = -dt^{2}+dx^{2}+dy^{2}+dz^{2} \tag{3}$$
So, the proper time is related with coordinate time as:
$$\tau_{1} = \frac{T_{1}}{\gamma} \tag{4}$$
But, the ship inside the bubble, generates a spacetime geometry around the ship (which is seen by external observers) given by the metric $(1)$
And the proper time of this geometry (or the path that warp bubble perform between the stars -seen by external observers-) is then $[1]$:
$$ \tau_{2} = T_{2} \tag{5} $$
$IV$ - My Analysis of why $\gamma$ appears only on $\frac{d}{V}:$
Suppose then that someone on station of planet $A$ measured the travel time of the ship. So the total coordinate time $T$, which an astronomer measured, is then
$$T = T_{1} + T_{2} = 2\Bigg(\frac{d}{V} + 2\sqrt{\frac{D-2d}{a}} \Bigg)$$
Where $T_{1} = \frac{d}{V}$ is the time which corresponds the travel using "fuel engines" and $T_{2} = 2\sqrt{\frac{D-2d}{a}}$ is the time using the "warp drive".
So the $T_{1}$ are measured using a travel in minkowski spacetime and $T_{2}$ are measured using a warp drive metric (because the astronomer on earth sees the bubble crossing the path $L$)
Now, to see which time the clocks of the ship are marking and considering that $T_{1}$ is a motion in minkowski spacetime, the astronomer calculate:
$$\tau_{1} = \frac{d}{\gamma V}$$
But now, the proper time $\tau_{2}$ corresponds a motion using warp drive metric and then $T_{2} = \tau_{2}$. Therefore:
$$\tau = \tau_{1}+\tau_{2} = 2\frac{d}{\gamma V} + 2\sqrt{\frac{D-2d}{a}} $$
$V$ - Question:
My question is simple: My arguments in the part $IV$ can explain why the $\gamma$ appears only on $\frac{d}{V}$?
$$* * *$$
$[1]$ https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0009013


Junk removal is a task that calls for more than just experience. Since you would be paying the junk removal company money you have worked for, you have to make sure that they are efficient, skilled, reliable, credible, quick, and many more.
In order for you to find out if you can trust a junk removal company to do the job with no problem, you have to know the right questions to ask for you to get the important information you need.
Does your company have proper certification?
Proper certification is extremely important in determining if it is safe to put your trust in a company. Today, there are so many scammers and you don't want to be victimized by one. A company with proper license and certification will get you an overview on what you can expect from them.
Years of experience is crucial in choosing a junk removal company. Most of the time, the newer the company, the more inexperienced their workers can be, the more possibility for errors, and the slower the work will be. Not only that, you have to make sure that in their years of doing the job, they have happy clients.
Are all your work/workers covered by insurance?
Accidents sometimes just happen – that's why you need a company that is covered by insurance. Should anything untoward happens while the junk removal professionals are on your property and something gets damaged or someone gets hurt, the insurance will shoulder the expenses.
What are the types of junk you handle?
There are certain types of junk that require additional care such as drywall, mattress, and other hazardous wastes such as leftover cleaning agents or paint. Some junk removal companies can take care of these wastes and others won't; it's important to clarify this with the company beforehand.


A business professional, Diane Kaern held various positions for multinational companies like the Hewlett-Packard Company and Siemens AG. As a former sales operations manager at Hewlett-Packard (HP), Diane Kaern was responsible for overseeing the company's worldwide Enterprise Business Strategic Alliances' sales pipeline management and revenue reporting for Global System Integrator, Outsourcer, and Mega Independent Software Vendor Alliance partners.
One of the world's most competitive tech companies, HP excels in increasing revenue by complementing its products with excellent customer services, including consulting and after-sales support.
Offering a consulting service with a product is an effective way for tech companies to understand customers better and provide excellent results. This gives a company firsthand knowledge of how its products are received and used. For instance, HP acquired Electronic Data Systems (EDS), a global technology services company, in 2008 to strengthen its business by leveraging the latter's IT outsourcing, data center, and networking services.
Another way of integrating services with product sales is by offering after-sales support, including repair, maintenance, and/or training. After-sales services strengthen the bond between the company and customers and increase brand value. Post-purchase interactions also facilitate the gathering of feedback and give the company an opportunity to enhance its product features and discover other ways to meet customer needs.


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text:
7 Reasons Why Divorce Rates Are up like Crazy
Marie B. - January 12, 2018
Dating During Christmas: How to Use Christmas Magic to Bring More Romance to Your Relationship
Food & CookingHealthy Eating
HomeFood & CookingReasons Why Eating Tofu Might Actually Do More Harm than Good
Reasons Why Eating Tofu Might Actually Do More Harm than Good
Low-Histamine Diet: How to Manage Histamine Intolerance with Your Diet | Healthy Eating Series
The Diet That Literally Makes You Happy: Serotonin Diet Fights Against Bad Mood | Healthy Eating Series
Cooking Oils and Cancer: What Cooking Oils to Avoid and Which Are Harmless
Truth or Myth: Tortilla Chips are Healthier than Potato Chips?
TBHQ – a Silent Killer That Lurks in Your Beloved Food Items, Including Peanut Butter Cups
Tofu is a popular food in our grocery stores, restaurants, and kitchens. It's often touted as an amazing health food for vegans, vegetarians and the rest of us.
But scientists and health coaches are advising people to steer clear of this versatile, protein-packed vegetarian option. According to research, it's harmful and detrimental to your health. But it's up to you to decide. So, let's weight the pros and cons of tofu.
What is Tofu?
Even though it's very popular, not everyone knows what tofu is.
Simply put, soy milk is coagulated, and the remaining curds are collected and pressed together to form what we know as tofu. It's a similar process to making cheese from milk.
Unless you are purchasing the five percent of soy products made with organic soy, you're most likely consuming tofu made with genetically modified soybeans. This is the first red flag when it comes to tofu.
Soy crops are genetically modified to resist a strong pesticide called, Round Up. So, when farmers spray their crops with Round Up, it kills everything but soy plants.
While this guarantees a successful soy harvest, it doesn't guarantee that the soybeans you eat will be safe for human consumption.
Hikari Organic Miso Paste, White, 17.6 oz
Organic white miso paste; Add miso paste to boiling water to make miso soup or use as marinade
Cultures for Health Tempeh Starter Culture | Vegetarian Meat Alternative | DIY, No Preservatives, Cultured Protein | No Maintenance, Non-GMO, Gluten Free | 4 Packets
Anthony's Premium Nutritional Yeast Flakes, 1 lb, Fortified, Gluten Free, Non GMO, Vegan
Premium Nutritional Yeast Flakes - Fortified; Batch Tested and Verified Gluten Free; Great source of fiber, vitamins and minerals - Plant Based Protein Source
The Good Side of Tofu
Nutritional Benefits
Tofu is low in fat and carbohydrates and packs the punch when it comes to protein. In fact, tofu contains all essential amino acids. You may also read that it's a good source of zinc, magnesium, calcium, and iron.
Tofu has phytoestrogens called isoflavones. Because they are similar to the hormone, estrogen, and act in similar ways within the body, some claim that soy-based products, including tofu, can help reduce breast cancer risk.
Thanks to the presence of soy's phytoestrogens, many older women are encouraged to consume tofu. It's a way for them to counteract the negative experiences of menopause.
Vegan and Vegetarian-Friendly
Many vegans and vegetarians turn to tofu as their go-to source of protein. It's completely plant-based, highly versatile, easy to work with, and relatively inexpensive. Plus, it keeps in the refrigerator or freezer for quite a while.
Soy is usually controversial when it comes to breast cancer discussion. But the studies show that when women eat soy products regularly, including tofu, it can help to lower the risk of breast cancer.
Remember those phytoestrogens called isoflavones? They can support healthy bone growth and prevent bone loss.
This makes tofu a desirable food item for women going through menopause as well as other people who wish to maintain optimal bone health.
The Cons of Tofu
While there are some benefits to tofu, it seems like the negative effects of this soy-based product far outweigh the good.
Difficulty Absorbing all Those Nutritional Benefits
It's true that soy contains magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper.
But it also contains something called phytic acid and antinutrients. These basically make it very difficult for your body to absorb all the vitamins and minerals present in tofu.
Asian societies know this and created fermented soy products that are easier and safer for the body to digest.
The fermentation process breaks down the natural but harmful characteristics of soy before you eat them. Common fermented options include nato, miso, and tempeh. They might not be as convenient to locate as regular tofu, but they are much safer for your digestive system.
Isoflavone is an Endocrine Disruptor
The presence of isoflavone in tofu makes it a potentially harmful food. This phytoestrogen can interfere with thyroid function. Therefore, those with a compromised thyroid should avoid tofu.
But it raises a question for the rest of us: can it complicate your endocrine system even if you're healthy?
Goitrogens are substances that can lower thyroid function, too. This makes it harder for your body to react to hormones being produced in the body. And this will have an impact on your mood. So, if you're prone to hypothyroidism, it's probably best to rethink how much tofu you consume.
Tofu is a Processed Food
Tofu is relatively simple food. It's made up of soybeans, water, acid, and salt. But it's still processed food. In fact, the firmer your tofu, the more it's processed. And the production process destroys many of the isoflavones that are good for you.
Tofu contains substances that look like Vitamin B12 but your body can't utilize them the same way it uses real Vitamin B12. For this reason, tofu can actually lead to Vitamin B12 deficiencies in the body.
Fertility Concerns
Too much soy has left rats sterile and infertile and this can have heavy implications for us, too. In fact, the isoflavones present in tofu could lower a woman's fertility, interfere with the development of babies and children, and even lead to premature puberty.
Dr. Kaayla Daniel has highlighted the fact that a growing number of people are allergic to soy, which can include tofu products. This is especially true for those made from genetically modified soybeans, which, unfortunately, are the majority.
Better Substitutes to Replace Your Tofu
If you're used to eating tofu in your diet, it might be frustrating to learn about some of the harmful qualities of this soy-based product. And while it's best to avoid tofu whenever you can, that doesn't mean you have to cut soy out of your life for good.
You can opt for fermented soy products like nato, miso and tempeh. Nato (also referred to as Natto) is fermented soybeans and has a distinct cheese-like aroma. It's loaded with Vitamin K2 and can lower blood pressure – a wonderful vitamin for a healthy diet.
Miso, on the other hand, is a paste made from soybeans and has a salty, buttery taste. Tempeh has a cake-like texture and an earthier aroma, almost like mushrooms. It's packed with vitamins, minerals, and proteins, which are safe and easy for the body to digest.
Soy can be harmful to the human body if eaten in the form of tofu and other soy-based products. However, when you eat fermented soy foods, you transform soy into not only a safer product but a nutritional powerhouse for your body.
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Belonging at Blair
Our commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) at Blair is grounded in our mission—to know our students and to prepare them to thrive in a diverse and complex world that we believe they will make better. As a School, we've endeavored to be thoughtful and deliberate, to ensure our actions are meaningful, based on good counsel from diverse voices, research, and our community's lived experiences and truths.
Compelled by the global movement for improving and protecting Black lives and in response to community feedback, we also have a renewed sense of urgency. We are accelerating our ongoing work toward meaningfully improving the Black, Indigenous, People of Color (BIPOC) experience at Blair. Blair Academy is grateful to the Black students, parents and alumni/ae who had reported stories that have spotlighted times when Blair has fallen short of ensuring every member of our community feels heard, seen, cared for and supported.
We are committed to creating and sustaining an environment that allows students and adults to be and express their authentic selves across all lines of identity and difference, that is anti-racist, that fosters meaningful understanding and deep relationships, and that ensures " all in" and "all together" is a lived reality, not just a slogan. Our dedication to the dignity and humanity of all people is unwavering. And any words or actions that deny or demean the dignity and humanity of others have no place in our community.
The Inclusivity Committee
Selected based on their roles at the School and their perspective, the 10 faculty members and two Trustees who serve on Blair's Inclusivity Committee often consult with Dr. Tim McCarthy, Blair's scholar-in-residence, and meet regularly with Blair's Head of School.
The group, which convenes weekly, promotes a sense of belonging in the community, fosters the momentum of DEI work across campus, and serves as a resource to adults and students for that work. Its meetings provide a forum for discussion, and the Committee acts as a planning and advocacy group for diversity, equity and inclusion matters. Committee members are also charged with the development and execution of DEI programs, review of hiring practices and other work to promote empathy across our community.
Committee members include:
Dave Facciani, International Student Academic Monitor
The Rev. David Harvey, Blair Trustee
Hannah Higgin, PhD, History Teacher
Joyce Lang, Language Department Chair
Joe Mantegna, Associate Dean of College Counseling
Sharon Merrifield, Mindfulness Teacher/Health & Wellness Teacher
Nathan Molteni, Dean of Academics
Ryan Pagotto, Associate Head of School
Andee Ryerson, Associate Dean of Students
Maria Savettiere, Trustee
Leucretia Shaw, Dean of Strategic Initiatives (Chair)
Ally Thomas, Director of Counseling
Below are the important steps we are and will be taking immediately in furtherance of key priority initiatives from our Strategic Plan, understanding that our work and future steps will continue to evolve as we evaluate what is most effective and listen to our community's experiences, stories and ideas.
Faculty, Staff & Board of Trustees Diversity
Engagement & Transparency
Sustained and effective faculty training is crucial to Blair's nurturing a campus climate that fosters inclusion and equity. Building on recent professional development efforts, Blair has retained an expert diversity practitioner to inform and partner with our academic office and Inclusivity Committee to implement targeted training plans based on best practices for faculty. This effort will continue throughout the school year. Moreover, we will substantially expand faculty participation in known, meaningful professional development programs, particularly the National Association of Independent Schools' People of Color Conference and the National Seeking Educational Equity and Diversity (SEED) Project in the 2020-2021 school year.
As per our Strategic Plan, our Curriculum Committee, working with the academic office and our department heads, will conduct a comprehensive audit of our academic course offerings and provide recommendations that will be published for our entire community in late spring of 2021 as to how Blair's curriculum across disciplines can better reflect the diversity of identity, thought, experience and background critical to providing a world-class education to all of our students. This will allow Blair to develop a thoughtful and comprehensive plan that builds upon what we are doing well and embraces opportunities for growth and improvement in our programs.
Over the course of the coming school year, Blair will be revising its current curricular offerings, including developing a new course that all students must take on the historical and modern realities of racism, intolerance, empathy and understanding. This class will launch in the fall of 2021 and build on other course offerings, seminars, discussion groups and speaker engagement that we have developed over recent years and will continue to offer in the coming school year.
We will continue to expand our online and in-person faculty recruitment efforts and tools, including participation in diversity hiring fairs, targeted outreach to colleges/universities, including HBCUs, continuing our winter internship program for aspiring teachers, outreach to alumni/ae for hiring referrals and on-campus recruitment opportunities. While we have made progress, we will build on those efforts in the coming weeks and months and expand our capacity to do this work. Toward that end, this winter, we appointed veteran faculty member Leucretia Shaw to the School's senior leadership team in the role of Dean of Strategic Initiatives, effective July 1, 2020. Leucretia has already partnered with Head of School Chris Fortunato, Dean of Faculty Lorry Perry and others to recruit, retain and support exceptional faculty of color and to provide mentorship to all of our teachers. She will be seeking the input and help of our extended Blair community to do so.
To make important strides on this front, we will accelerate our plans to create a teaching fellowship program that will enable Blair to tap into a diverse range of aspiring graduate students/early career teachers, with plans to bring on our first teaching fellow(s) at the start of the 2021-2022 school year. We are in the process of raising more endowed funds to support this initiative, which we know works to enhance faculty diversity in other schools.
Blair's Board of Trustees has reaffirmed its commitment to more fully reflect the diversity of race/ethnicity, background and experience of our students, alumni/ae and families. A standing Inclusivity Committee is now being established at the Board level, and its Chair will serve on our Board's Executive Committee and provide Trustee oversight of Blair's campus climate and diversity, equity and inclusion efforts.
We have much to learn and must continue to listen to all members of our community to inform our work on identifying, addressing and educating around issues of bias in order to better create a more inclusive community. This past school year, we conducted the NAIS Assessment of Inclusivity and Multiculturalism, a survey instrument sent to students, faculty, staff, Trustees, parents and alumni/ae. We were in the process of analyzing those results when we had to transition to distance learning in March, and we will share that data with the full community this fall.
The Inclusivity Committee will further engage the broader Blair community through outreach, open meetings and regular updates in order to make recommendations to the School on staffing, programming and student support needs. We also will share plans for regularly auditing our discipline process and responding to issues of bias and intolerance on our campus in ways that are consistent, appropriately transparent and honor the dignity, privacy and humanity of all involved.
School-Wide Programs & Initiatives
DEI Training
AIM Survey
All-School Read
Black History Month Programming
Curricular Changes
Race Relations Forums
Speakers & Thought Partners
Student-Run Organizations & Clubs
The Inclusivity Committee, in collaboration with the Dean of Teaching and Learning, organizes and oversees regular faculty and student-leader training with DEI experts on race, social justice, anti-racism and identity. Blair administrators who trained with the National SEED (Seeking Educational Equity and Diversity) Project lead annual year-long seminars for faculty, staff and employee spouses.
Inclusivity Committee members are noting our community's strengths around multiculturalism and inclusivity and assessing areas of needed change based on the responses of all constituents to the National Association of Independent School's Assessment of Inclusivity and Multiculturalism (AIM) survey.
For the last several years, Blair's English department and all-school read committee have selected books that delve into the topics of race, oppression and free speech. Recent selections read by every Blair student include Yaa Gyasi's debut novel Homegoing (which tells the story of two half-sisters born in 18th-century Ghana, one of whom is sold into slavery while the other is forced to marry an English slaver), Uncensored: My Life and Uncomfortable Conversations at the Intersection of Black and White America (a memoir by free speech activist Zachary R. Wood detailing his troubled upbringing and the life experiences that inspired him to become a "crusader" for open dialogue) and Trevor Noah's 2016 memoir Born a Crime: Stories from a South African Childhood (which details the author's journey from a harrowing childhood in apartheid South Africa to a career as a political commentator and host of television's "The Daily Show").
The Inclusivity Committee is transforming Blair's traditional MLK seminars into a month-long celebration of Black History Month from February 1 to March 1. Plans include a wide range of seminars on the history of the Black experience in America, identity, race relations and inclusion.
The Blair counseling department takes a student-centered, multiculturally responsive approach to counseling. Blair counselors understand the influence of systemic and environmental factors in presenting student needs, and avoid pathologizing normal reactions to personal experiences. They also engage in yearly professional development that specifically focuses on building competency around this approach. Counselors recently participated in trainings on culturally competent care of transgender, nonbinary and gender non-conforming (TGNC) individuals, challenging racial disparities, trauma-informed care and the impact of white-dominant culture on social work practice. In 2020-2021, the counseling department will also be utilizing a personal inventory tool to assess what of a student's identity is most important to that student, which will enhance its individualized, identity-sensitive approach.
Blair offers courses across disciplines that focus on racism, human rights, injustice, relationship-building, identity, culture and community. Examples include the fine arts department's "Art for Social Change," the history department's "Race in America," the English 4 elective "The Harlem Renaissance" and the religion/philosophy courses "Human Rights" and "Mind, Body and Spirit." Whether required for graduation or taken as electives, seminar courses, such as the Freshman Seminar, Blair LEADS, Belonging at Blair and another seminar course on race still in development also emphasize the importance of examining societal constructions and discovering and valuing one's own perspective and the perspective of others. Blair is currently working to review and adjust its curriculum to ensure every academic department offers coursework that focuses on intolerance, empathy and understanding.
In 2020, the Inclusivity Committee hosted a series of small-group discussions in which students, parents and alumni talked about racial injustice, shared ideas, and identified ways to ensure we can better understand and improve the Blair experience for all students.
During the 2020-2021 school year, a number of Skeptics speakers will focus on topics related to diversity, equity and inclusion, including Nishta Mehra, the author of Brown White Black: An American Family at the Intersection of Race, Gender, Sexuality, and Religion, and National Geographic photographer Alison Wright, who will share photographs of New York City during the protests over racial injustice amidst the coronavirus pandemic.
Blair's student life office partners with scholars, leadership coaches and artists to shine a light on diversity, equity and inclusion in myriad ways throughout the school year. We have welcomed many guests to campus, including Roland Davis, Julie Foudy, Mykee Fowlin, Debbie Irving, Cindy Pierce, Alex Scott, Hudson Taylor '09, Zachary Wood and others. Some share their message with the whole school community, such as national champion slam poet SC Says, while other DEI experts and practitioners work with small groups of students and faculty on an ongoing basis.
There is no shortage of activities in which students can become involved at Blair, and many organizations and clubs work to further diversity, equity and inclusion on campus and beyond. Examples include the Black & Latinx Student Union (BaLSU), Blair International Awareness Club (BIAC), Gay-Straight Alliance (GSA), La Conexión and the Healthy Relationships Committee (HRC).
Many Blair faculty members across the School, including the entire history department, completed diversity, equity and inclusion expert Dr. Eddie Moore's 21-Day Racial Equity Habit-Building Challenge, which calls for participants to take one action every day for three weeks to further their understanding of power, privilege, supremacy, oppression and equity.


Pirie Associates recently transformed a single story retail space located in the historic South Broadway neighborhood into a thriving community brewery.
The dream to open a taproom that produces ancient non-barley beers has been brewing since before co-founder Judd Belstock was born. Connected to Pirie Associates by his college friend and architect Melissa Kops, Belstock commissioned the New Haven-based architecture firm to transform a 3,000 square-foot former antique store in Denver's historic South Broadway neighborhood into a welcoming, contemporary brewery called Dos Luces.


The Reserve Bank is more optimistic about the economy, meaning a likely end to its interest rate cuts.
In the minutes of its March board meeting, the RBA reiterated its stance that the cash rate will stay at its current level of 2.5 per cent "for some time".
"The board would continue to examine the data over the period ahead, with members noting that, if the economy was to evolve broadly as expected, then the most prudent course was likely to be a period of stability in interest rates," the RBA said.
Mining investment is expected to decline sharply in 2014/15, but other sectors of the economy are showing signs of life, the bank said.
"Growth in household spending looked to have picked up slightly in the December quarter, although the pace of growth was expected to remain a little below average for a time," the RBA said.
"(The RBA's) liaison suggested that the stronger retail sales seen in the latter months of last year had continued into the early part of this year, though sales growth may have eased somewhat."
Despite an unemployment rate of six per cent in January and February, the RBA is confident the labour market will also improve.
"While the labour market was expected to remain subdued for a while and wage growth had declined, the board observed that this was consistent with conditions in the labour market lagging behind changes in economic activity," the bank said.
It also again noted that the Australian dollar remained high by historical standards, although acknowledged its decline to current levels "would assist in achieving balanced growth".
Westpac chief economist Bill Evans, who recently altered his forecasts to no more cuts to the cash rate in the near future, agrees the economy is getting stronger.
Westpac typically forecasts more rate cuts than other forecasters, and had been predicting a quarter of a percentage point reduction in August and another in November.
"The RBA board is pointing to gradual improvement in the economy, growth in 2015 being a little above trend; and inflation being contained," Mr Evans said.
"These are the hallmarks of a central bank that anticipates remaining on hold for some extended period.
"The bank is setting a very high hurdle for any further policy stimulus."
Commonwealth Bank economist Gareth Aird said the RBA had grown more comfortable with the economic outlook.
"Evidence is growing that the transition from mining to non-mining led growth is occurring," he said.
"The RBA noted that there were, improved economic conditions evident across a range of household and business indicators."


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text:
local CallHandler = class()
local Color4 = _radiant.csg.Color4
local Cube3 = _radiant.csg.Cube3
local Point3 = _radiant.csg.Point3

function CallHandler:select_area(session, response)
  stonehearth.selection:select_xz_region():require_supported(true):use_outline_marquee(Color4(255, 255, 255, 32), Color4(120, 120, 120, 255)):set_cursor 'remplace:cursors:select_area':set_find_support_filter(function(result)
      if result.entity:get_component 'terrain' then
        return true
      end

      return stonehearth.selection.FILTER_IGNORE
    end):done(function(selector, box)
      _radiant.call('remplace:get_items_within_area', box)
      :done(function(r)
        response:resolve(r)
      end)
      :fail(function()
        response:reject 'no items'
      end)
    end):fail(function(selector)
      response:reject 'no region'
    end):go()
end

local replace_bulletin

function CallHandler:get_items_within_area(session, response, box)
  local min, max = box.min, box.max
  local entities = radiant.terrain.get_entities_in_cube(Cube3(Point3(min.x, min.y, min.z), Point3(max.x, max.y, max.z)))

  local items = {}
  for _, entity in pairs(entities) do
    -- Make sure we'll only replace valid items
    local efc = entity:get_component('stonehearth:entity_forms')
    if radiant.entities.get_player_id(entity) == session.player_id and efc and not efc:should_hide_placement_ui() and not efc:get_should_restock() then
      local uri = entity:get_uri()
      local entity_group = items[uri]

      if not entity_group then
        local unit_info = entity:get_component 'unit_info'
        -- We don't set a category. Or probably one thousand other, equally important things.
        entity_group = {
          uri = uri,
          display_name = unit_info:get_display_name(),
          icon = unit_info:get_icon(),
          num = 0,
          category = 'Placed items',
          items = {}
        }

        items[uri] = entity_group
      end

      entity_group.num = entity_group.num + 1
      table.insert(entity_group.items, entity)
    end
  end

  -- No items found?
  if next(items) == nil then
    response:reject 'no items'
  else
    response:resolve({ items = items })
  end
end

function CallHandler:get_available_items(session, response)
  local items = {}
  for uri, item in pairs(stonehearth.inventory:get_inventory(session.player_id):get_item_tracker 'stonehearth:basic_inventory_tracker':get_tracking_data()) do
    local _, example_item = next(item.items)
    if example_item and example_item:get_component 'stonehearth:iconic_form' then
      table.insert(items, { uri = item.uri, display_name = item.display_name, icon = item.icon, num = item.count, category = 'Available items' })
    end
  end

  response:resolve({ items = items })
end

-- NOTE:
-- It would be so much nicer if we could simply call the call handlers to deal with this stuff...
-- but alas, I don't think we can actually "forward" calls.
function CallHandler:replace_items(session, response, items, replaceeUri)
  for _, entity in pairs(items) do
    remplace:replace_entity(session.player_id, entity, replaceeUri)
  end
end

return CallHandler


text:
Q: Geometry Problem from BDMO Past Papers. If the difference of areas of outer and inner circles of an equilateral hexagon $ABCDEF$ is $\pi$, what is the area of the hexagon?

A: Let $R$ be a radius of the biggest circle.
Thus, $\frac{R\sqrt3}{2}$ is a radius of the small circle, which gives
$$\pi R^2-\pi\cdot\frac{3}{4}R^2=\pi$$ or
$$R=2.$$
Id est, $$6\cdot\frac{\sqrt3\cdot2^2}{4}=6\sqrt3$$  it's needed area.

A: Take every gon of hexagon of length r. Then the radius of outer circle is $r$ and that of inner circle is ${\sqrt 3\over 2}r$. Therefore the area difference is $\pi r^2-{3\over 4}\pi r^2=\pi\to r=2$ then the area of hexagon is ${{3\sqrt 3}\over{2}}r^2=6\sqrt 3$.


text:
Feminist theology and metaphysical antirealism
(idea) by Alixtii Sun May 02 2004 at 23:10:02
This was written for my Feminist Theology class. Node your homework.
Is Versus Ought: Metaphysical Realism and Feminist Theology
The question of atheism has been a perennial one for Western humanistic thought, particularly with those individuals who were most concerned with the dynamics of power, such as French satirist François-Marie Arouet (Voltaire) or Russian anarchist Mikhail Bakunin:
. . . all the tormentors, all the oppressors, and all the exploiters of humanity; priests, monarchs, statesmen, soldiers, public and private financiers, officials of all sorts, policemen, gendarmes, jailers and executioners, monopolists, capitalists, tax-leeches, contractors and landlords, lawyers, economists, politicians of all shades, down to the smallest vendor of sweetmeats, all will repeat in unison those words of Voltaire: "If God did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him." For, you understand, "the people must have a religion." That is the safety-valve. (Bakunin)
Insights such as these are keenly felt by feminist theologians, who are motivated to use theological God-talk not to serve Bakunin's "exploiters of humanity" but instead to liberate those who are disadvantaged within the patriarchal (Bakunin would say capitalist) condition. But the question then arises: does patriarchy "invent" God as an instrument of oppression? And if so, can feminist theology do the same in order to have God as an instrument of liberation, and still remain intellectually honest?
Feminists, then, are faced with a dilemma: they can either accept or deny the existence of the patriarchal God. If they accept Him in His entirety along with His history of gender inequity, feminism becomes a doomed project. If they deny Him, they must answer Who/what it is, exactly, that they are denying as well as what/Who, if anything, is left. For obvious reasons, there are very few feminists of the former sort; among the latter, there ranges from evangelical feminists (who claim that the tradition is liberatory but misapplied) to Mary Daly (who claims that the word God itself as a reference to the divine cannot be preserved), to secularists (who believe that religion and feminism cannot be reconciled). This is where issues of feminist epistemology and feminist metaphysics come to the forefront. After all, the criterion or criteria for truth a feminist assumes will fundamentally affect the way she or he chooses to address these issues. To paint in absurdly broad strokes, these feminists can be divided into two metaphysical camps: realists and antirealists.
Metaphysical realists including Elizabeth Johnson, Amina Wadud-Muhsin, and Brian Wren tend to be the more conservative camp, with an image of God bearing much resemblance (or so it seems to their more radical critics) to the patriarchal God: S/He exists outside the realm of human experience, has revealed Hirself to humans, and can meaningfully be said to perform such anthropomorphic actions as knowing and loving (Wren 149-153; Johnson 226). Among the antirealist camp are thinkers such as Delores Williams, Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz, and Kathryn Tanner who reject this concept of a metaphysically real God in favor of an alternate conception of the divine.
Which of these two camps a particular feminist theologian falls into, then, will in many ways determine what it is that she or he will have to say about God, and about how she or he views the landscape of feminist theology. "Any feminist theology," writes Sheila Briggs, "needs to be clear on whether it wants a God which also exists independently of human experiences in the social worlds we inhabit. How one decides this issue determines what sort of history of theology one will develop" (176). Many other factors are also contingent on that single choice.
One of the advantages of the realist camp is clear: it is more acceptable to the conservative religious establishment, more accessible to the people at large, and many times may be in resonance with what the feminist may feel the core of his or her tradition to be. Realist theologies show that it is not necessary to give up a belief in a metaphysically real God in order to work for social justice and stand against inequity. It should be unsurprising that many of the members of this camp come from liturgical Christian rather than mainstream Protestant traditions (such as Catholic Elizabeth Johnson or Anglican Brian Wren) or from non-Christian traditions which are struggling to retain their identity in the face of Western hegemony (e.g. Islamic feminists such as Amina Wadud or Riffat Hassan). In fact, under my prompting Sa'diyya Shaikh was willing to speculate that if Islamic feminists were to be removed from the context of an oppressive conservative establishment, it might be the case that they would be more able and willing to take on the radical character of the antirealists. Similarly, when Serene Jones attacks "phenomenological" accounts of women's experience by feminist theologians as too "universalizing" (i.e. rooted in essential truths), the thinkers she chooses as representative are Johnson and another Roman Catholic, Catherine Mowry LaCugna (Jones 35).
Of course, in a situation of apologetics, these are often the very elements which allow feminist theologies to gain credibility. For Johnson or Wadud to take a stance such as antirealism that is obviously outside the traditional borders of the Catholic Church and of Islam would be to destroy their own credibility within their traditions. Indeed, in She Who Is, it is incredibly difficult to pin down any specific place where Johnson is demonstrably realist. Could it be that she or the Islamic feminists are simply closet antirealists and know better than to admit it?
If this is the case (and I do not claim that it is), there is something troublingly disingenuous about the strategy. Metaphysical antirealism is too important a doctrine to simply omit through negligence, and if she is deliberately misrepresenting her position through these omissions, one has to ask if this is intellectually honest.
Furthermore, regardless of the usefulness of such a strategy in apologetic scenarios, the truth is that this language always concedes that an anti-feminist theology is both conceivable and coherent, simply not the case. In my opinion, this is conceding far too much, especially in regards to those traditions (which include all of Western monotheism) in which the patriarchal interpretation certainly seems to be the least hypothesis when using a realist hermeneutic.
There are strong feminist motivations, then, for adopting a position of metaphysical antirealism (or, rather, rejecting the doctrine of metaphysical realism—-no strong/positive belief is required!): patriarchy can be seen as functioning through a process of legitimating its own epistemological processes by grounding them in a supposed (but ultimately fictional) metaphysical world. This is patriarchy's strongest weapon, and unless the landscape of the metaphysical battleground is changed, feminism will remain an uphill battle.
A second "advantage" of the realist position, however, is related to the first: it may be right (or so its proponents believe). Metaphysical realists tend to subscribe to a correspondence theory of truth. Under such a representationalist account, if there were a metaphysical realm, and if a God inhabited such a realm, then and only then would the statement "God exists" be true. Analyses of the oppressive character of such a God would then be irrelevant, for they would not be able to affect the truth of the statement "God exists" (Clark 34-36). Those feminists attempting to (from this perspective) over-politicize the theological process, as opposed to merely removing the patriarchal politics which have distorted the core message, would then be possibly well-intentioned but nonetheless incorrect.
But there is no reason for a feminist to commit herself or himself to such a hermeneutic. A feminist who uses an epistemology other than the correspondence theory need not search for a posteriori rationalizations (which may or may not be in short supply) as evidence for a feminist-friendly God; however, such an epistemology would by its nature commit that feminist to metaphysical antirealism. This, I think, is a benevolent move, as it is the move for which I argue here.
Part of my argument is not narrowly feminist. Feminist theory and theology are by necessity committed to a search for truth similar but not identical to traditional conceptions of philosophy. Feminism thus has an obligation to make sure its theoretical underpinnings are coherent and tenable. Metaphysical realism, I would argue, is neither of these things: it presumes an extralinguistic world using linguistic terms (for what other terms, in the end, are there?). This is a broadly philosophical argument, however, and not immediately convincing: the anti/realism debate remains among the most controversial issues of contemporary philosophy. When combined with the feminist motivations for adopting metaphysical antirealism, however, I think a very strong case can be made.
What, precisely, are the features of this alternate epistemology? The answer to this question is far from clear, and to discuss and critique all the potential options is beyond my current ability as a philosopher/theologian. What I can and will do, however, is briefly re-examine some theologians of this type.
Delores Williams, in her Sisters in the Wilderness, presents a conception of God which is radically fluid, whose nature changes to whatever it needs to be in order to be liberating. "Jesus is [the oppressed's] mother, their father, their sister and their brother," she writes. "Jesus is whoever Jesus has to be to function in a supportive way in the struggle" (203). There is no concern that Williams is misrepresenting God in this process, or to be "playing God" herself by arbitrarily dictating His nature; God is implicitly assumed to have no extrinsic, independent essence.
Ada Maria Isasi Diaz, in a similar way, sees her Mujerista theology as posing a deep challenge to patriarchal notions of what theology is and how it is done. "One of the key elements of traditional theology," she claims, "is its so-called objectivity, its so-called imutability, its sense of being official, of being the only perspective that is correct" (77). Mujerista theology challenges this objectivity which, after all, presumes metaphysical realism. Instead, it focuses on the contemporary forms of Latina (mostly Catholic) religious life, particularly popular religion (75). Indeed, she claims that scripture is not incredibly (directly) important to many Latinas, a fact which would seem a travesty to many more conservative (but even feminist) Catholics. This move only makes sense as an antirealist move.
Both Williams and Isasi-Diaz are constructive theologians, fashioning new theologies (i.e. new varieties of Christian doctrine) to serve and liberate their intended communities. Kathryn Tanner, in her essay "Social Theory Concerning 'New Social Movements' and the Practice of Feminist Theology," functions as what I would call a "meta-theologian," i.e. a theoretician providing an intellectual framework which outlines how theology should be done. The nature of her meta-theology is poststructuralist and thus antirealist in nature, making the following assumptions:
(1)	cultural forms are only loosely referential, and meanings are fluid and shifting rather than fixed;
(2)	coherence is the always temporary and contingent distillate of a lot of hard and ultimate futile rhetorical work; and
(3)	social and cultural relations are fields of forces which are "normally," that is, apart from efforts to have things otherwise, dispersed, discontinuous, and unsynchronized. (Tanner 181-182)
These claims are meta-theological in the sense that Tanner has not yet articulated any type of constructive theology, but they commit her to a very specific conception of God-—that of the metaphysical antirealist. Any constructive theology which is done under the rubric of her meta-theology, then, would by necessity be antirealist itself. Isasi-Diaz and Williams, then, would fit relatively easily under Tanner's meta-theology, while Johnson, Wren, and Wadud all would not. Indeed, Serene Jones puts Isasi-Diaz and Tanner together in her article, under the category of "cultural-anthropology accounts": theologies which broaden "the emancipatory potential of Christianity by noting the shifting cultural functions religious beliefs serve in different Christian communities" (47). She recognizes their complimentary rôles of meta-theologian and constructive theologian, claiming that
If Tanner provides an example of a theologian using a cultural-linguistic framework to chart grand maps, then Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz provides an example of a theologian using the same framework to opposite ends, using it to explore the particular, uneven and conflicted terrain of a specific community's lived experience. (49)
But, having rejected metaphysical realism and the correspondence theory of truth, how exactly do these thinkers construct their meta/theologies? Shelia Briggs observes that "Historians of theology, like historians of science in their discipline, need to advance some argument about what verifies or falsifies theological claims" (176). Certainly this is no less true for the contemporary meta-theologian or constructive theologian. Tanner outlines the type of process that she, Williams, and Isasi-Diaz all use: a set of "symbolic resources" for a specific community is identified, and then those elements are explained, ranked, and interwoven (Tanner 186). Obviously, the theologian performing this problem would not act on whim or through random chance (say, by casting lots); instead, she or he would act on the principles of feminism and liberation. In this way, religious epistemology becomes socialized, politicized, and ethicized.
Of course, there is the ever-present question of where the norms from which the feminist theological process gains its directions originate (and by extension, why those norms should be considered authoritative). By rejecting metaphysical realism, feminists give up any opportunity of grounding reality in metaphysics. Feminists typically are not upset by this state of affairs; it bears too much in common with the type of "God is on my side" arguments typically made by the patriarchy, either by invoking the metaphysically real God Himself or by deifying Reason (e.g. the foundationalism of Immanuel Kant). Where norms should come from, however, is the issue of contemporary feminist philosophy, whether it be feminist ethics, feminist epistemology, or feminist theology. (Considering how much these fields overlap, this should not be surprising.) In her essay "Theorizing Feminist Theology," Rebecca S. Chopp traces some of the ways feminist theologians navigate this issue.
There are other reasons why this approach to theological construction is not unproblematic. For example, it is not completely clear that "symbolic resources" are as fluid as Tanner would like. The resources of African Americans and Latinas, in the hands of Williams and Isasi-Diaz respectively, turn out to be well-disposed to this project. But we have already seen resistance among liturgical communities and non-Christian faiths to this type of antirealism. Isasi-Diaz perhaps escapes this type of resistance by focusing on popular forms of religion, which of course form a large part of the symbolic resources that Tanner imagines, but a conservative community, such as Evangelical Christians, might not be as conducive to this type of project as Tanner's article implies. While Tanner is undoubtedly correct in that the symbolic resources of a community are constantly being re-interpreted, the line between resource and hermeneutic is not as clear as Tanner makes it out to be. In many cases, a set of symbolic resources is self-interpreting or at least provides tools to its own interpretation, such as the writings of Wesley and Calvin or of the early Church fathers, which (seemingly) are incommensurate with Tanner's meta-theology. Even if it cannot adequately interpret all sets of symbolic resources, however, I think Tanner's meta-theology can motivate a set of normative claims as to the type of symbolic resources a religion should have. What she would not be able to provide in that case, however, would be an account as to why a religion with different symbolic resources and, presumably, a different sense of ethics, should accept those claims. Feminist commitment would be a necessary given. (This is in many ways the current theological situation, with conservatives and liberals talking past rather than to each other.) It is worthy to note that Johnson's theology is capable of providing such an account, which is why her methodology may prove to be superior in situations of apologetics.
Taking feminist commitment as a given, however, metaphysical antirealism escapes many of the traps which have plagued patriarchal thought since the birth of philosophy. It defuses mind/body dualism by asserting a strong monism, albeit neither an idealism nor a materialism. It discourages the formation of dogmatism. And more than anything else, it allows for the advancement of feminist theology by moving the focus away from a posteriori battles over the "truth" of a tradition and so allows for truly liberative theology to develop and change. The static reality of metaphysical realism is a poor competitor.
Bakunin, Mikhail. God and the State. 1871. Trans. Benjamin R. Tucker. 22 April 2004. http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bakunin/works/godstate
Briggs, Sheila. "A History of Our Own: What Would a Feminist History of Theology Look Like?" Chopp 165-178.
Chopp, Rebecca S. and Sheila Greeve Davaney. Horizons in Feminist Theology: Identity, Tradition, and Norms. Minneapolis: Fortress, 1997.
Clark, Maudemarie. Cambridge: Cambridge U P, 1990.
Daly, Mary. Gyn/Ecology: The Metaethics of Radical Feminism. Boston: Beacon, 1978.
Hassan, Riffat. "Muslim Women and Post-Patriarchal Islam." After Patriarchy: Feminist Transformations of World Religions. 39-64. Eds. Paula M Cooey et al. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1992. Isasi-Diaz, Ada Maria. Mujerista Theology. Westminster: John Knox, 1996.
She Who Is: The Mystery of God in Feminist Theological Discourse. New York: Crossroad, 1992.
Jones, Serene. "Women's Experience Between a Rock and a Hard Place: Feminist, Womanist, and Mujerista Theologies in North America." Chopp 33-53.
Keller, Catherine. "Seeking and Sucking: On Relation and Essence in Feminist Theology." Chopp 54-78.
Nelson, Lynn Hankinson. "The Very Idea of a Feminist Epistemology." Is Feminist Philosophy Philosophy? Ed. Emanuela Bianchi. Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern U P, 1999.
Nietzsche, Friedrich. Twilight of the Idols. Trans. R.J. Hollingdale. London: Penguin, 1968.
Pinnick, Cassandra L. et al., eds. Scrutinizing Feminist Epistemology. New Brunswick: Rutgers U P, 2003.
Shaikh, Sa'diyya. "Transforming Feminisms: Islam, Women, and Gender Justice." Progressive Muslims: on Justice, Gender and Pluralism. Ed. Omid Safi. Oxford: Oneworld, 2003.
Tanner, Kathryn. "Social Theory Concerning 'New Social Movements' and the Practice of Feminist Theology." Chopp 179-197.
Wadud-Muhsin, Amina. "Qur'an and Woman." Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook. 127-138. Ed. Charles Kurzman. Oxford: Oxford U P, 1998.
Williams, Delores. Sisters in the Wilderness: The Challenges of Womanist God-Talk. Maryknoll: Orbis, 1993.
Wren, Brian. What Language Shall I Borrow? God-Talk in Worship: A Male Response to Feminist Theology. New York: Crossroad, 1990.
neofeminism Obliging stranger Mujerista/Feminista Movement Correspondence theory of truth
Religious pluralism Hermeneutic gender inequality How can a thinking, rational adult be a monotheist?
Philosophical theories of truth Jesus was a feminist Node your homework On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems
Mikhail Bakunin Submissive Women, Persephone, and schoolgirls a posteriori Atheism
A feminist interpretation of the Bible that isn't just a filter Suffering and knowledge in ancient texts imago Dei Harmonic oscillator
Poststructuralism Intelligent Design Theory Why feminist ethics is not relativism Infinite regress
Italian Easter Pie
Gone in Sixty Seconds - A Theatre Quest
Target Rifle Shooting
what all the kids are reading
do re mi fa so la ti do
mere words


text:
<?php

namespace Kman\Megahal;

use Kman\Brain\BrainInterface;
use Kman\Lexic\Sentence;
use Kman\Megahal\Collection\QuadCollection;
use Kman\Megahal\Collection\QuadByWord;
use Kman\Megahal\Collection\WordByQuad;

class Brain implements BrainInterface
{

    private $debug = false;

    /**
     * Holds a collection that helps to identify the next states.
     *
     * @var Kman_Collection_Word_Quad
     */
    private $next = null;

    /**
     * Holds a collection that helps to identify the previous states.
     *
     * @var Kman_Collection_Word_Quad
     */
    private $previous = null;

    /**
     * Holds quad list
     *
     * @var Kman_Collection_Quad
     */
    private $quads = null;

    /**
     * Holds word collection
     *
     * @var Kman_Collection_Quad_Word
     */
    private $words = null;

    private $_dataDir = null;
    private $_hasDataDir = false;

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     */
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->quads = new QuadCollection();
        $this->words = new QuadByWord();
        $this->next = new WordByQuad();
        $this->previous = new WordByQuad();
    }

    private function debug($text, $priority = 7)
    {

    }

    /**
     * Adds a new sentence to the 'brain'
     * @param string $sentence add a sentence to the brain
     */
    public function add($sentence)
    {

        $this->debug("Adding sentence $sentence");

        $parts = Sentence::getParts($sentence);

        $parts_size = count($parts);

        $this->debug("Got $parts_size parts");

        if ($parts_size < 4) {
            return false;
        }

        for ($i = 0; $i < $parts_size - 3; $i++) {

            $quad = new Quad($parts[$i], $parts[$i + 1], $parts[$i + 2], $parts[$i + 3]);

            if ($this->quads->hasQuad($quad)) {
                $quad = $this->quads->getQuad($quad->getSignature());
            } else {
                $this->quads->add($quad);
            }

            if ($i == 0) {
                $quad->setCanStart(true);
            }

            if ($i == $parts_size - 4) {
                $quad->setCanEnd(true);
            }

            for ($n = 0; $n < 4; $n++) {
                $token = $parts[$i + $n];
                $this->words->add($token, $quad);

            }

            if ($i > 0) {
                $previousToken = $parts[$i - 1];

                $this->previous->add($quad, $previousToken);
            }

            if ($i < $parts_size - 4) {
                $next_token = $parts[$i + 4];
                $this->next->add($quad, $next_token);

            }
        }

        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Generate a sentence that includes (if possible) the specified word.
     * @param string $word
     */
    public function getSentence($word = null)
    {
        $word = trim($word);
        $this->debug("Generating a sentence about $word");
        $quads = array();
        $parts = array();

        if (isset($this->words->$word)) {
            $this->debug('Kman knows about this word');
            $quads = $this->words->$word;
        } else {
            //wtf
            $this->debug("Word not found , using random word");
            $quads = $this->quads;
        }

        if (count($quads) == 0) {
            return "";

        }

        $quad = $quads->getRandomQuad();

        for ($i = 0; $i < 4; $i++) {
            $retrieved_token = $quad->getToken($i);
            $parts[] = $retrieved_token;
        }

        $parts[] = ' ';
        while (false === $quad->canEnd()) {
            $next_tokens = $this->next->getWordsFor($quad);
            $next_token = $next_tokens->randomWord();
            $temp_quad = new Quad($quad->getToken(1), $quad->getToken(2), $quad->getToken(3), $next_token);
            $quad = $this->quads->getQuad($temp_quad->getSignature());
            $parts[] = $next_token;
        }

        $parts = array_reverse($parts);
        $parts[] = ' ';
        while ($quad->canStart() === false) {
            $previous_tokens = $this->previous->getWordsFor($quad);
            $previous_token = $previous_tokens->randomWord();

            $temp_quad = new Quad($previous_token, $quad->getToken(0), $quad->getToken(1), $quad->getToken(2));
            $quad = $this->quads->getQuad($temp_quad->getSignature());
            $parts[] = $previous_token;
        }

        $parts = array_reverse($parts);
        $result = implode('', $parts);
        return $result;
    }

    public function enableDebug()
    {
        $this->debug = true;
    }

    public function disableDebug()
    {
        $this->debug = false;
    }

    public function save()
    {
        $quad_count = $this->quads->count();
        if ($quad_count < 1) {
            return false;
        }
        if (false == $this->hasDataDir()) {
            return false;
        }
        $this->debug("Saving ", $quad_count, " quads \n");
        $dir = $this->getDataDir();
        if (!is_writable($dir)) {
            return false;
        }
        $quad_data = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'quads.dat';
        file_put_contents($quad_data, $this->quads->dump());

        $next_data = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'next.dat';
        file_put_contents($next_data, $this->next->dump());
        $prev_data = $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'prev.dat';
        file_put_contents($prev_data, $this->previous->dump());
    }

    public function load()
    {
        if (false == $this->hasDataDir()) {
            return true;
        }

        $file = $this->getQaudsFile();
        if (!is_file($file)) {
            return false;
        }
        $fp = fopen($file, "r");
        $quad_count = 0;
        while (!feof($fp)) {
            $serialized_quad = fgets($fp);
            $quad = unserialize($serialized_quad);
            $this->quads->add($quad);
            $quad_count++;
            for ($i = 0; $i < 4; $i++) {
                $this->words->add($quad->getToken($i), $quad);
            }

        }
        fclose($fp);
        $this->debug("Loaded $quad_count quads");

        $this->next->import($this->getNextFile());

        $this->previous->import($this->getPrevFile());

        return true;
    }

    private function getQaudsFile()
    {
        $dir = $this->getDataDir();
        return $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'quads.dat';
    }

    private function getNextFile()
    {
        $dir = $this->getDataDir();
        return $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'next.dat';
    }

    private function getPrevFile()
    {
        $dir = $this->getDataDir();
        return $dir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'prev.dat';
    }

    private function getDataDir()
    {
        return $this->_dataDir;
    }

    public function setDataDir($dir)
    {
        if (!is_dir($dir)) {
            $this->raise("No such directory $dir or not readable");
        }
        $this->_dataDir = $dir;
        $this->_hasDataDir = true;
    }

    private function hasDataDir()
    {
        return $this->_hasDataDir;
    }

    private function raise($message)
    {
        throw new Exception($message);
    }
}


The Supreme Court decision opened the door for addressing the EPA's orders for the land.
That decision now has come from octogenarian U.S. District Judge Edward Lodge of Idaho, who became a jurist shortly after President John F. Kennedy was assassinated.
He ruled that the EPA can control the property, agreeing with the agency's claims that it is in a wetlands area.
The Pacific Legal Foundation, which has defended the couple since early in the 2000s, said the ruling will be appealed to the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals.
The case began when the Sacketts got a local permit to build a modest three-bedroom home on a half-acre lot in an existing, partially built-out residential subdivision.
"The home poses no threat to water quality but federal EPA regulators nonetheless declared their property to contain a wetland and demanded they stop all work and restore the lot to its natural condition or pay fines of up to $75,000 per day," the foundation said.
The dry land on the lot has a sewer hookup and is zoned for residential construction.
The Sacketts had started work when the EPA prohibited them from building their home, ordered expensive restoration work and required a three-year monitoring program.
They also were ordered to do mitigation off-site and pay fines costing more than the land was worth.
Judge Lodge said in his opinion the EPA properly evaluated and took control of the private property.
"The EPA conducted a site-specific field examination of the property, and its findings and conclusions were made in accord with the applicable standards and procedures for making wetlands determinations," the judge said.
And there are wetlands nearby, he said.
The judge also ruled that the land is adjacent to Priest Lake, and the dry land with a road and a developed residential neighborhood between the property and the lake are not relevant factors.
Mike Sackett said he and his wife were subjected to "hell" by federal bureaucrats.


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