This is the final part of our oil investment, "How to Make Money in Today's Oil Industry". This is the article to pay attention to.
This article will tell you how you can get involved with investments in the oil industry. It is easier said than done. While there is some ease of entry investments, such as, with over the counter stocks, options, etc.
True wealth in the oil industry has been obtained through direct investment on the project level.
This article will dive into the over the counter market, the direct oil investment, and the unique opportunity that World Trade Center San Francisco can provide you if you are looking into investing in oil.
The easiest way, by far, is to invest in over the counter trades, or OTC trades for short.
This is something that might be already familiar to you either as a stock trade, or buying commodities. Because oil is a commodity, it can be bought and sold on various trading platforms, in a variety of ways.
These can include options, PUTS, futures, etc. Other OTC trades can be stock in oil companies.
These can be seen in large corporations such as Shell, ExxonMobil, BP, and others. While this may be the easiest way of investing in oil, this can be risky, and this type of investment might not provide a very high rate of return, compare to directly investing in oil development and exploration directly.
How does someone go about finding this type of investment?
And how can someone make money off investing directly in an oil development project rather than the company itself?
The first thing investors need to find is what kind of oil development investment they are looking for.
Each category has a varied risk and rate of return on the investment.
As an investor, it is important to have a good understanding of each category when evaluating your risk tolerance.
Starting off with exploratory investments, these are investments in oil development that follow the name's meaning pretty closely.
They are focused on exploring and finding new oil. They are unproven projects and the riskiest of the three choices; however, because of the increased risk, they should offer the investor the greatest rate of return.
There are ways to minimize risk in the exploratory oil development field. One way is to find a new exploration project that is going in a well-known and proven area.
While there is no proof of new oil, there may be stronger evidence of oil in well-known areas that are close to other proven projects.
The second area of oil and gas development is infill drilling.
The concept of infill drilling is when a company will go and develop new oil wells in between existing wells that are already producing oil.
While there are some risks because the company is exploring drilling for new wells, they are logically drilling in between two oil wells where there is proof of oil.
Take a look at the basic logical concept below for a visual representation.
Looking at the drilling location of the orange box, while a developer may not know with 100% certainty that there is going to be oil in that area, we can see that eight successful oil wells are surrounding the proposed area. Each area around the well has been successful, so it is highly likely that this well will be successful. This is the basic concept of infill drilling for investors to understand.
The final type of oil development investment to be discussed in this article is going to be a direct loan for oil development.
A direct loan is the most secure type of oil development investment because it has nothing to do with the production of the new oil wells. This is a simple type of loan where the company pays a percentage of interest on the principal amount over a period of time.
While there are many different ways to structure these type of deals, for this article, we are going to assume that the loan is paid back on a schedule with a set amount of interest. It is because the loan is not tied to the success of the well or the fluctuation of the stock market.
The investor is guaranteed their rate of return on the loan.
Now that we know the different kinds of development investments that investors can be a part of, we need to explore the ways in which to find these investment opportunities.
Finding these opportunities is easier said than done. Many American citizens look to invest in oil, but they never become part of a development project. They only settle for the OTC market.
One popular way that developers connect with one another is through a popular convention for developers called NAPE.
This is a series of conventions that was started in 1993 by American Association of Professional Landmen for the direct purpose of bringing interested developers, landowners, and investors together for the purpose of doing business.
While the first few conferences were hosted by the American Association of Professional Landmen, other major organizations in the industry have become involved in putting together NAPE and bringing together many resources to make NAPE the largest series of conferences in the Oil Industry.
Other organizations heavily involved include the Independent Petroleum Association of America (IPAA), The Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG), and The American Association of Exploration Geologists (AAPG).
Anyone can attend these conferences throughout the year to meet experts and dealmakers within the oil industry.
There are three NAPE conventions each year, with the largest being the NAPE Summit. There are even beginner seminars at these conventions if you are attending and want to learn more about the industry as a whole.
All-in-all these conventions are a great way to get connected and find deals within the oil and gas industry.
PLSX.com is a website that is a great research tool as well as a place to find deals for investments.
This is a website that offers a plethora of services such as advisory services, market report and research, marketing and networking opportunities and schedules, project opportunity and sales (similar to how you can find houses on an app like Zillow) and reporting documents on specific projects and areas.
If you are looking to invest in the oil and gas industry but do not want to attend a conference, have to learn a new industry, or just want a stable investment with a guaranteed rate of return, World Trade Center San Francisco can help.
We have partners that specialize in private oil investment as well as investment for the purpose of EB-5 investment immigration.
Follow the link below to sign-up and receive a free PDF of how our oil investments are structured and how you can diversify your investment portfolio with World Trade Center San Francisco.


text:
3 Stocks Near 52-Week Lows Worth Buying
Do these fallen angels deserve a second chance? You be the judge!
(TMFUltraLong)
Published: Jul 3, 2012 at 12:00AM
A Fool since 2010, and a graduate from UC San Diego with a B.A. in Economics, Sean specializes in the healthcare sector and investment planning. You'll often find him writing about Obamacare, marijuana, drug and device development, Social Security, taxes, retirement issues and general macroeconomic topics of interest. Follow @AMCScam
Follow @AMCScam
Just as we examine companies each week that may be rising past their fair value, we can also find companies potentially trading at bargain prices. While many investors would rather have nothing to do with companies tipping the scales at 52-week lows, I think it makes a lot of sense to determine whether the market has overreacted to the downside, just as we often do when the market reacts to the upside.
Here's a look at three fallen angels trading near their 52-week lows that could be worth buying.
It's always darkest before the dawn
I hope you're sitting down, and if you aren't, then find something to hold onto. This week's first entry is ailing phone maker Nokia (NYSE: NOK). The reason I'll be reversing my underperform call to an outperform call has to do with the magnitude of the company's drop relative to its patent value, its cash on hand, and its partnerships.
There's no way to sugarcoat the fact that Nokia's failure to anticipate the smartphone revolution has left it clinging to its legacy patent portfolio and low-end, low-margin phones. Even though these phones don't leave Nokia with a bright future (losses are expected over the next couple of quarters), its roughly 10,000 patents do bring in about $650 million in revenue annually and could fetch a higher value in a bidding war than Nokia's current market cap.
Keep in mind that wireless technology patents are popular wish-list items of large tech companies. Google (Nasdaq: GOOG) ponied up $12.5 billion when it purchased Motorola Mobility to gain access to its patents, while a consortium of Apple, Microsoft (Nasdaq: MSFT), and Research In Motion paid $750,000 per patent for Nortel's 6,000 patents. If Nokia's patents sold at such pricey levels, they would be worth about $7.5 billion.
Nokia has also partnered with Microsoft for its new operating system and, unlike RIM, is capable of putting out newer products immediately. Nokia is far from a sexy investment, but the sum of the parts is worth more than its current share price, considering it also has $6.5 billion in net cash.
Media stocks have been a hot commodity in the U.S., but they could be just as sweet of a deal in international markets as well, where growth opportunities are much broader. CTC Media (Nasdaq: CTCM) in Russia, for example, is the largest non-state-owned broadcast company, and it appears to be a victim of investor apathy rather than fundamental weakness at the moment.
In CTC's latest quarter, the broadcasting company reported a 43% rise in profits amid a 15% rise in revenue. Advertising spending continued to rebound, and more people tuned into its Domashny and Peretz channels. CTC has been able to charge higher rates to advertisers as viewership and market share have improved, giving it solid operating cash flow that it can then turn around and use for reinvesting in its programming.
If there was one downside to its latest quarterly report, it was that its dividend payout would be cut by 38.5% to facilitate that programming investment. However, even with the cut, CTC Media will still be yielding north of 6%! High-growth, good pricing power, and a 6% yield -- sign me up!
Health and dividend benefits
Last week, I took a closer look at Walgreen (NYSE: WAG) and determined that despite its recent speed bumps, it was run by an incredible CEO and continues to have a plan to deliver for shareholders. Today I'm taking that conviction one step further by starting the company as a CAPS outperform.
Walgreen hit a rough patch when a spat between it and Express Scripts cost the company millions of customers and sent them to rivals. However, Walgreen's partnership with Alliance Boots appears ready to pay immediate cost synergies and be accretive to earnings within the first year. That's great news for Walgreen shareholders.
What's also great news is Walgreen's immaculate streak of raising its dividend for 37 consecutive years. Its current yield of 3.7% puts it head-and-shoulders above its peers and makes it one of the cheapest premier dividend companies you can buy. I'm writing a prescription for success over the long term for Walgreen shareholders.
Foolish roundup
This week we've looked at three relatively large names that have been down on their luck recently. However, all three have solid operating cash flow and cash on hand to weather the storm, as well as a history of innovation that could make them great once again.
I'm so confident that these three names will bounce off their lows that I'm going to make a CAPScall of outperform on each one.
In the meantime, consider adding these potential winners to your free and personalized Watchlist -- and get your own personal copy of our special report "The Motley Fool's Top Stock for 2012," to see which company our chief investment officer has dubbed the "Costco of Latin America." Best of all, this report is completely free, so don't miss out!
Add Nokia to My Watchlist.
Add CTC Media to My Watchlist.
Add Walgreen to My Watchlist.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A seventeen year old Belize City fisherman has been arrested and charged for the crimes of damage to property, aggravated assault and attempted murder. Deon Cadle of an Ebony Street address was arrested by police following a report made by twenty seven year old Stanley Herrera. Herrera told police that while he was driving a van on Lindo's Alley, two men ran in front of the vehicle forcing him to stop. Cadle, it is reported, then rode in front of the van on a bicycle, pulled out a handgun and fired three shots damaging the windshield. Herrera escaped without injury.


text:
Trouble reading this email? View newsletter in your browser | Add to your safe senders
secularism.org.uk
Newsline 3 August 2018
Each morning at around 7:45am the national broadcaster's flagship radio show engages in three minutes of blatant discrimination and religious privilege. BBC Radio 4's Today programme has been broadcasting Thought for the Day, an exclusively religious take on moral issues, since 1970. We've long campaigned for it to be reformed or scrapped.
Now a new poll has shown that just 18% of the public backs Thought for the Day in its current format. In response we've written to the BBC to call for change, and supporters including the philosopher AC Grayling are behind us. Based on the poll findings we've suggested turning it into an ethical current affairs slot.
You can show your support for our campaign for reform of Thought for the Day by signing our petition. Alternatively you can join us or donate to us so we can keep making the case for change. Thank you.
Public backs reform of Thought for the Day, poll finds
Fewer than one in five British people think BBC Radio 4's Thought for the Day should always feature religious content, a... Read More »
EHRC rebukes government over failure to act on caste discrimination
The Equality and Human Rights Commission has criticised the government's failure to legislate on caste discrimination.
NSS welcomes Ofsted head's opposition to faith-based exemptions
The National Secular Society has welcomed the chief inspector of schools in England's expression of opposition to faith-based... Read More »
Anglicanism's 'purple circle' of bishops cannot be trusted over child abuse
NSS president Keith Porteous Wood reflects on the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse's hearings into the case of... Read More »
Universities must commit to free expression – and they should stop hiring religious chaplains
A chaplain should not have been sacked for criticising Pride off campus, says Chris Sloggett. But universities can strike... Read More »
Washington Metro can reject issue-related ads, US court rules
Washington, DC's Metro system can refuse to carry religious adverts on buses and trains, an appeal court in the US has ruled.
NSS writes elsewhere
Do Burqa Bans Do More Harm Than Good?
By Stephen Evans, NSS chief executive, for the Huffington Post
We need a strong civil society response to the oppression the burqa represents – but banning clothing is the wrong way to push back against it.
A high court judge has decided that a couple's Islamic marriage falls within the scope of English matrimonial law.
Ampleforth College, one of the country's top Catholic schools, faces possible closure if it does not improve standards including the safeguarding of pupils and the rigour of its checks on staff.
The Supreme Court has ruled that judges will no longer need to be consulted when doctors and relatives of patients in a vegetative state agree life-support treatment should end. A Christian charity has criticised the ruling. Meanwhile the Board of Deputies of British Jews has said it "will look at the judges' ruling in detail to understand its full implications".
Staff and parents will seek a judicial review of a decision to close down a Church of England school in Surrey after the local diocese refused to take it on. Earlier this year the NSS criticised the church's diocese of Guildford for refusing to allow Ripley C of E Primary School to join a secular multi-academy trust.
One of America's most prominent Catholic cardinals has resigned after an allegation was made that he sexually abused a teenage boy almost 50 years ago.
A US-based brewery has withdrawn a beer label carrying an image of the Hindu deity Ganesha from its website after complaints from a Hindu leader. We reported the fact the same leader had complained to an Italian brewery over an image of Ganesha last week.
To get all the latest news and views on secularism from the media in your inbox every morning, you can sign up to receive your daily media briefing.
"I can't bear it that the frightful, terrifying man is on the loose again and doing his worst… I'll see off this horrid man if he tries anything again."
Prince Charles's words to the abusive bishop Peter Ball in 1997, referring to one of Ball's accusers, in a letter revealed by the IICSA inquiry
"Hatred has been given a mainstream legitimacy."
Nazia Erum, author, reflects on the situation for Muslims as Hindu nationalism grows in strength in India
See our quotes of the week archive...
Petition comment of the week
"It is wrong to think only religious people think deeply about life's big questions and have wisdom to share."
Jane in Middlesex explains why she supports reform of Thought for the Day
Explain why you support it by signing our petition.
Essays of the week
We have turned a blind eye to extremism against the British Ahmadi Muslim community
By Fiyaz Mughal, for the New Statesman
A web of extremism percolates outwards from Pakistan into communities in the UK.
It's perfectly safe – so why can't women take abortion pills at home?
By Claudia Craig, for the Guardian
Changes to the law have allowed women in Wales and Scotland to take the abortion pill at home. England should follow suit.
Read elsewhere
This ultra-conservative institute has infiltrated the Polish state, on a relentless quest to ban abortion
By Lidia Kurasinska, for openDemocracy
Ordo luris is an extreme anti-choice group whose founders were 'inspired' by a Catholic fundamentalist network. How has it gained so much political power?
US attorney general Jeff Sessions announces a 'religious liberty' task force to combat "dangerous" secularism
By Tara Isabella Burton, for Vox
The US Justice Department's latest move is another nod to Christian nationalism by the Trump administration.
Our annual Bradlaugh Lecture on Hindu nationalism in Manchester, a talk on our former president Chapman Cohen in Leicester and London and a healthcare conference in Birmingham.
Events in full
See all Events >
NSS speaks out
Our response to this week's poll on Thought for the Day was extensively quoted in The Herald and Ekklesia.
Our chief executive Stephen Evans appeared on BBC Radio Kent to discuss Denmark's ban on face coverings becoming law.
Please support our work so we can make the case for a fairer secular democracy for all.
Support us from just £1 a month
Click the link if you'd rather read Newsline as a PDF.
You can support the NSS by buying from our Shop.
This email has been sent to you by National Secular Society in accordance with our Privacy Policy.
Address: Dutch House, 307-308 High Holborn, London, WC1V 7LL.


A crown is a type of dental restoration which completely caps or encircles a tooth or dental implant. Crowns are often needed when a large cavity threatens the ongoing health of a tooth. They are typically bonded to the tooth using a dental cement.
Crowns can be made from many materials, which are usually fabricated using indirect methods. Crowns are often used to improve the strength or appearance of teeth.
A bridge, also known as a fixed partial denture, is a dental restoration used to replace a missing tooth by joining permanently to adjacent teeth or dental implants. There are different types of bridges, depending on how they are fabricated and the way they anchor to the adjacent teeth. Conventionally, bridges are made using the indirect method of restoration however, bridges can be fabricated directly in the mouth using such materials as composite resin. A bridge is fabricated by reducing the teeth on either side of the missing tooth or teeth by a preparation pattern determined by the location of the teeth and by the material from which the bridge is fabricated.
In other words, the abutment teeth are reduced in size to accommodate the material to be used to restore the size and shape of the original teeth in a correct alignment and contact with the opposing teeth. The dimensions of the bridge are defined by Ante's Law: "The root surface area of the abutment teeth has to equal or surpass that of the teeth being replaced with pontics". The materials used for the bridges include gold, porcelain fused to metal, or in the correct situation porcelain alone.
The amount and type of reduction done to the abutment teeth varies slightly with the different materials used. The recipient of such a bridge must be careful to clean well under this prosthesis. When restoring an edentulous space with a fixed partial denture that will crown the teeth adjacent to the space and bridge the gap with a pontic, or "dummy tooth", the restoration is referred to as a bridge. Besides all of the preceding information that concerns single-unit crowns, bridges possess a few additional considerations when it comes to case selection and treatment planning, tooth preparation and restoration fabrication.


followed by Celebration on the Patio!
The United Methodist Church of Thousand Oaks Is Open To All!
We believe All people are beloved children of God and we believe every part of the Christian Church should be open to all people seeking to live out the Christian faith regardless of age, race, ability, color or sexual orientation. Christ Jesus welcomed everyone, particularly those the religious institution of his time said were incompatible with their faith. We seek to do the same here at the corner of Janss and Windsor. If you are seeking a community of faith where you can know Christ and make him known, you are welcome here.
We invite you to come and be a part of our community and seek after Christ. We encourage you to engage in the activities of a follower of Christ: worship, Bible study, prayer, giving, and sharing God's love with others. We hope that you will find us a Christian community that you can call home! Please view the following invitation to join us for worship by clicking the play button.


Pareta Farms is a third generation professional farming and grazing business that is located near Freeling in the lower north of South Australia.
Provide farm operations and farm land management services for landholders/investors via leasing, share farming and contract farming arrangements.
Provide a safe and enjoyable workplace for team members.
Grow grain, hay and straw using sustainable farming practices.
Manage livestock according to high animal welfare standards.
Demonstrate a professional approach to agricultural, property and business management.
Be innovative in farm management and crop/livestock production.
Communicate and work collaboratively with landholders and investors.
Pareta Farms manages 800 hectares and is spread across three properties on the western side of the Barosssa Valley.
There is 35 kilometres from the southern most paddock to the northern most paddock.


text:
About us | Editorial board | Ahead of print | Current Issue | Archives | Submit article | Instructions | Subscribe | Advertise | Contacts | Login
Year : 2013 | Volume : 1 | Issue : 1 | Page : 15-21
Effectiveness of an integrative whole-system approach to the treatment of Gṛdhrasi: An observational study
Chikkadasappa Shruthi1, Jaideep Sitaram Sriranjini1, Hankey Alex2, Kumar M Vivek Sanker1, Gopinath G Gangadharan3
1 Centre for Clinical Research, Institute of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (IHST-FRLHT), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
2 Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
3 I AIM Health care Centre (IHC), Institute of Ayurveda and Integrative medicine, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
Date of Web Publication 23-May-2013
Gopinath G Gangadharan
Additional Director, Institute for Ayurveda and Integrative Medicine (I AIM) 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Attur Post, Yelahanka, Bangalore - 560 106
Background: Gṛdhrasi correlates with "Lumbago with Sciatica." Disease complexity suggests that integrative whole-system Āyurvēda treatment combining external and internal therapies will optimize patient care. Objectives: The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrative whole-system Āyurvēda treatment approach to the management of pain and disability in Gṛdhrasi patients. Study Design: An observational study using standard monitoring procedures. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four Gṛdhrasi patients (age range 41.53 ± 1.71 years, M: F 27:27, mean duration of illness 18.51 ± 4.36 months) receiving individualized treatments at the Integrative Healthcare Center were recruited. Subjects were assessed at the outset, and after each period of treatment using visual analog scale (VAS), straight leg-raising test (SLR), and Roland Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ). Statistical analysis used Microsoft Excel and SPSS 16.0. Results: Following initial consultations, 16 subjects dropped out. Of the 38 remaining, 68.4% showed significant improvements in pain and disability, 18.4% were borderline non-responders, and 13.2% failed to respond to treatment. There was a statistically significant reduction in the pain (VAS) (F = 62.53, P < 0.0001) and measures of disability (RMDQ) (F = 17.14, P = 0.018). Leg-raising as assessed by SLR also improved significantly for both the legs (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of the current observational study are encouraging despite the small size of the group; further clinical trials using a similar integrative whole-system approach for the management of Gṛdhrasi are warranted.
Keywords: Āyurvēda, Gṛdhrasī, integrative whole-system approach, lumbago with sciatica
Shruthi C, Sriranjini JS, Alex H, Vivek Sanker KM, Gangadharan GG. Effectiveness of an integrative whole-system approach to the treatment of Gṛdhrasi: An observational study. ASL Muscuskel Dis 2013;1:15-21
Shruthi C, Sriranjini JS, Alex H, Vivek Sanker KM, Gangadharan GG. Effectiveness of an integrative whole-system approach to the treatment of Gṛdhrasi: An observational study. ASL Muscuskel Dis [serial online] 2013 [cited 2021 Jan 16];1:15-21. Available from: http://msd.ancientscienceoflife.org/text.asp?2013/1/1/15/111929
Gṛdhrasī, an Āyurvēda disease category, is characterized by severe pain originating in the katī pradēśa (lumbosacral region) and radiating toward the pratyaṅgulī (toes) of the affected leg, resulting in a typical gait resembling that of a gṛdhra (vulture). On the basis of these signs and symptoms, Gṛdhrasī is correlated to Lumbago with Sciatica caused by a disorder of the sciatic nerve root[1] and having a prevalence ranging from 1.2% to 43%.[2]
In general, cost effective, efficacious management of Gṛdhrasī/sciatica and its associated conditions like lower back pain (LBP), remains a major challenge to modern healthcare systems.[3] Chronic symptoms like these are seldom satisfactorily addressed by Western biomedicines, hence patients often seek complementary therapies.[1] According to the US 2007 National Health Interview Survey, back pain and related conditions are top reasons for use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), in which several specialized systems for treating back problems exist.[4] Since LBP and its complications are so common, an immense amount of research is published on various treatments, including major reviews of conservative treatment,[5] bed rest,[6] and keeping the patient active.[7] Evaluating the potential of integrative Āyurvēda therapies in this area is therefore of value to medical practice worldwide.
Few studies have been conducted on Āyurvēda management of Gṛdhrasī, all focused on single treatments like matrāvasti, katīvasti, and agnikarma.[8],[9],[10] From these, it is evident that no effective Āyurvēda therapy for degenerative pathologies like Gṛdhrasī can consist of a single treatment. The complexity and multidimensional nature of the pathology necessitates appropriate combinations of treatments based on the patients' presentation and can be expected to produce greater benefit than any single therapy.[3] In addition, routine Āyurvēda clinical practice utilizes personalized combinations of internal medication and external therapies, precisely tailored to meet the needs of the individual.[11] However, the effects of such individualized combinations are seldom reported, partly because the ascendancy of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) in recent decades has changed the expected clinical reporting. RCT designs, although considered a gold standard for evaluating the effect of single-component interventions, severely limit an overall assessment of Āyurvēda as practiced in real-life clinical situations.[12] The insistence on such prospective trials has also undermined observational therapeutics. Observational studies, however, are very appropriate for Āyurvēda and would provide a wealth of information if conducted rigorously.[13]
With this in mind, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of an integrative whole-system Āyurvēda approach to the management of pain and disability in Gṛdhrasī being followed at our Integrative Healthcare Center (IHC). Integrative at our institute is defined as Āyurvēda being the crux of the treatments, ably supported by allied systems like allopathy, yoga, and physiotherapy; but, in the current study, no allopathic intervention was used. The study observed a relatively small group of Gṛdhrasī patients and monitored their changes in symptoms like pain, range of movement of affected limb, and quality of life measures.
An observational study wherein measures were repeated after individualized treatment period.
The OP and IP departments of the IHC between May 2011 and February 2012.
Patients diagnosed to have clinical symptoms of Gṛdhrasī/sciatica.
Agreement to participate and sign informed consent forms.
The internal medications and external therapies administered varied between the patients based on the consulting physicians' opinion. In addition, all patients received physiotherapy. The aim was to monitor them for a minimum period of 30 days.
Pain level measured by visual analog scale (VAS),[14] level of domestic disabilities assessed by the Roland Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ),[15] and the range of motion, as measured by the straight leg-raising (SLR) test.[16]
The observer/rater was not involved in the treatment prescribed for each patient.
Being the first study of its kind undertaken at the Center, a formal sample size calculation was not possible. It was therefore planned a priori to include all patients who consented to repeat observations over the study period.
An intent to treat analysis of recorded measurements with the last observation carried forward (LOCF) protocol was adopted. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (RMANOVA) with Bonferroni's adjustment was used to work out the changes in clinical variables. Microsoft Excel and SPSS 16.0 were used for the analysis. Values are presented as Mean ± SEM.
Fifty-four patients were selected for the study and were given consultations by concerned physicians at the center. Of these, 10 did not report back and another 6 were unrecorded and therefore treated as dropouts. The remaining 38 patients were included for analysis. Of these, 22 patients completed the minimum recommended 30 days of treatment; of the remaining patients, 11 did not report back for further treatments, reasons for the same is unknown and 5 patients were lost at follow-up due to the lack of internal communication to the concerned researcher [Figure 1]. Mean age of the patients was 41.53 ± 1.74 years, the numbers of male and female patients were equal (-27 each). Duration of illness ranged from 0.25 to 108 months (mean 18.51 ± 4.36 months), mean duration of first and second periods of treatment were 17.50 ± 1.13 and 22.60 ± 1.37 days, respectively. Highly skewed statistics on duration of disease required us divide patients into acute (<6 months, 21 patients) and chronic (>6 months, 17 patients) groups. For acute patients, the mean duration of illness was 2.08 ± 0.39 months, for chronic patients, it was 38.82 ± 7.17 months. Patients were also classified as "responders" to treatment (decreased VAS score > 3 units, 26 patients) and "non-responders" (decreased VAS score ≤ 3 units, 12 patients).
Figure 1: Participant flow-chart
Prescribed medications were either classical Āyurvēda formulations cited in the Ayurvedic Formulary of India (AFI)[17] or various Āyurvēda company products. All patients were treated with both internal and external medications.[18] The most prescribed external therapies and internal medication have been presented as [Figure 2]a and b. Physiotherapy was administered as advised by the consulting therapist and mainly included electrotherapy (interferential therapy, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, shortwave diathermy), ultrasonic therapy, exercise therapy, and traction.
Figure 2: Most common Āyurvēda treatment modalities used a) SK ‑ Sahacarādi ka?āya, GHT ‑ Gandharvahastādi taila, ST ‑ Sahacarādi taila, GK ‑ Guggulu kalpa, CT ‑ Cincādi taila, BA ‑ Balāriṣṭa, REK ‑ Rāsnaeraṇdādi ka?āya; b) Ab ‑ Abhyaṅ ga, PPS ‑ Patra piṇḍ a sveda, KB ‑ Kaṭ ī vasti, DD ‑ Dhānyāmladhara, Pi ‑ picu, AB ‑ Anuvāsana basti, SSPS ‑ Ṣaṣṭika?āli piṇḍa sveda
Clinical results
Improvements in VAS pain scores were statistically significant: Mean score before treatment (BT) (8.03 ± 0.21) reduced to 4.79 ± 0.35 and 3.58 ± 0.31 at the end of first (F1) and second (F2) follow-up, respectively, with RMANOVA F value of 62.53 and P < 0.0001. Post hoc analysis with Bonferroni's adjustment indicated significant differences across all time points (BT vs. F1 - t = 3.24, BT vs. F2 - t = 4.53, F1 vs. F2 - t = 1.29; P < 0.05). Significant results were obtained even on classifying the patients based on the duration of illness as acute and chronic [Figure 3]a.
Significant improvement in RMDQ scores was also observed. Mean score before treatment of 16.82 ± 0.54, which was reduced to 12.39 ± 0.84 and 10.82 ± 0.83 at the end of F1 and F2 follow-up, respectively, with F value of 17.14 and P = 0.018. Post hoc analysis with Bonferroni's adjustment indicated significant differences at two time points (BT vs. F1 - t = 4.16, BT vs. F2 - t = 5.65; P < 0.05). Here, the improvements were significant in both the acute and chronic groups [Figure 3]b.
Figure 3: Effect of integrative Āyurvēda treatment modalities on clinical variables: a) visual analog scale (VAS); b) Roland Morris disability questionnaire (RMDQ); c) straight leg raising (SLR) right leg; d) straight leg raising (SLR) left leg; BT Before treatment, F1 – Follow up 1, F2 – Follow up 2, Ac Acute, Ch Chronic
The SLR test was affected on the right for 26 patients and left for 19 patients, with a mean angle of 44° for the right leg and 46° for the left leg approximately. After the first period of treatment, these had significantly improved to 62° for the right (P < 0.0001) and 66° for the left leg (P < 0.0001). Small improvements were also seen over the later periods of treatment, although not very significant [Figure 3]c and d.
In view of the acute/chronic differences, the patients were split up into the four categories: acute responders (n = 11), chronic responders (n = 15), acute non-responders (n = 10), and chronic non-responders (n = 2). Observations of interest on non-responders were as follows:
Most (n = 10) patients belonged to the acute group (10/21), while only 2 belonged to the chronic group (2/17), the contingency table of these two ratios has a significance of P = 0.0336 (Fisher's Exact test), therefore we can safely say that treatments were more effective for the chronic group.
Seven of the 12 patients were only borderline non-responders and recorded moderate decreases in both VAS and RMDQ scales. Only 3 non-responders had two courses of treatment; their decreases in VAS scores were 5 to 2 (60%), 8 to 5 (37.5%), and 7 to 5 (28%), respectively.
Of the 9 non-responders who completed one course of treatment, only one recommended 30-days treatment, and his decrease in VAS score was 3 (43%).
Reclassifying non-responders as < 33% reduction in VAS score reduced their numbers to six. Only one was a borderline non-responder; none of the remaining five completed the recommended 30-days treatment.
To summarize, only one patient who completed the prescribed 30-days treatment had a reduction in VAS score of < 33%.
The current study observed a group of patients undergoing a wide variety of Āyurvēda treatment options for Gṛdhrasī and reported the rates of success/failure for different subgroups. Previously, 3 studies of 4 specific Āyurvēda treatments for Gṛdhrasī have been published (PubMed database).[8],[9],[10] While these studies represent a good beginning, they do not do justice to the richness of treatment options in Āyurvēda for Gṛdhrasī nor to the multiplicity of treatments typically used in each case in actual practice. From our study, it was observed that by averaging over a larger variety of Āyurvēda treatments, a better estimate of outcome measure for the treatment of Gṛdhrasī was possible.
The study provides clear clinical evidence for Āyurvēda, demonstrating that scientifically useful clinical data can be obtained in the course of normal Āyurvēda practice. It thus emphasizes that data on effectiveness of Āyurvēda treatment modalities is not difficult to generate. The study, though novel to Āyurvēda research, was limited by shortcomings in design and became apparent while conducting the study. E.g., sample size evaluation was not possible, it included all patients registering for treatment, so there were no exclusion criteria; being just an observational study, also, treatment duration varied from patient to patient. Finally, many patients were lost to follow-up for various reasons. The diagnosis was restricted to clinical evidence of sciatica alone and more robust imaging techniques to evaluate the presence/extent of disc herniation were not adopted.
A perusal of Āyurvēda studies published on PubMed showed that single treatment options have been tested for their effectiveness on Gṛdhrasī patients. Bali et al.,[10] conducted an RCT on 40 Gṛdhrasī patients comparing the effectiveness of katīvasti with the pain-relieving procedure of agnikarma (pañcadhātu śalāka). They found that agnikarma gave better results in pain relief (80%) and SLR (95%). Babita et al.,[9] conducted a comparative study on different types of agnikarma śalāka on 22 patients and found tāmradhātu śalāka to be more effective (57%) than two other types. Mumtaz et al.,[8] compared the effect of śamana therapy alone with śamana therapy and matrā basti for 17 patients and 50 patients, respectively. The addition of matrā basti was found to improve results of treatment, which the authors suggested was due to its efficacy against vāta aggravation, of which pain is a symptom.
In our study, it was observed that two periods of treatment were sufficient to significantly reduce the pain in most patients completing them. Patients with lower response in one period generally responded more in the other period, so that the distribution of overall reduction in pain points was satisfactory. Similarly, the treatment survey identified 7 medications and 7 modalities of treatment most commonly used in as many combinations as patients studied [Figure 2]a and b. This contrasts strongly with previous kinds of clinical study. A possible evaluation of the mechanism of action of the treatments involved has been attempted based on available literature from Āyurvēda classics and contemporary research. Samprāptivighaṭana or disrupting the pathogenesis is the crux of Āyurvēda treatments. In contemporary medicine also, compression, inflammation, and immune factors are considered as part of the pathogenesis of sciatica,[19] and treatments are multidisciplinary in nature.[20] Gṛdhrasī involves aggravated vāta dōṣa, either alone or together with kapha, demonstrating symptoms like pain, stiffness, and weakness. The effectiveness of the therapies is due to its multipronged nature whereby it possibly (a) reduces pain (śῡla)[22] and (b) promotes strength[23] (balya) of affected structures (Refer Appendix 1[Additional file 1]).
Until date, Āyurvēda has been dogged by paucity of credible published evidence. Inappropriateness of RCT's to evaluate individualized treatments poses Āyurvēda the challenge of developing effective clinical trial designs that can evaluate the efficacy of its treatments. The present approach offers a solution that promises to provide clinicians with a greater choice of evidence-based treatments and thus more robust management strategies. The current study is, to the best of our knowledge, the first to evaluate effectiveness of multimodal personalized Āyurvēda treatment strategies in a true clinical setting. Since it was not possible at this stage to identify reasons for failure by individual patients to respond to treatment, this should be investigated in future. Reasons why those totally cured responded so well and were treated successfully, also needs investigation. Such studies will enable treatment to be optimized and ensure that pain and disability are better reduced in more patients. Encouraging patients who feel discouraged by lack of instant results may well be an important factor in such a program.
Central questions when conducting clinical trials included "What percentage of patients obtain benefits?," and "How much benefit can be expected?" For Āyurvēda, which habitually uses individualized multiple treatments, these questions are better answered by the kind of observation and analysis given in this study, than by many RCT's on individual therapies that only form a part of total treatments. This paper presents a new kind of analysis of evidence for the effectiveness of Āyurvēda treatments, which can assess overall effects of an intervention without setting fixed primary or secondary endpoints,[21] as a means to frame outcomes and judge them. Previously, there has been a relative poverty of published clinical evidence in Āyurvēda, but this study demonstrates that, if normal clinical records are kept for each patient, the data can be scientifically useful. It can result in studies that simultaneously evaluate the effectiveness of multiple treatment regimes, and thus generate valuable clinical evidence for Āyurvēda as a system of medicine.
Almost every Gṛdhrasī patient who completed the prescribed course of treatment following the integrative treatment approach experienced a significant lowering of pain and increased number of abilities relevant to life at home. Some patients made spectacular improvements, showing total reduction in pain and disability. Failure to respond to full treatment recommended was only 5%. From these results, it follows that patients need to be encouraged to continue treatment. Individualized, integrative Āyurvēda treatment is therefore effective against Gṛdhrasī. The results are encouraging and warrant further well-designed observational studies using similar integrative whole-system approaches, and, to further substantiate the findings, carefully designed RCTs with larger study populations may be conducted.
1. Pinto RZ, Maher CG, Ferreira ML, Ferreira PH, Hancock M, Oliveira VC, et al. Drugs for relief of pain in patients with sciatica: Systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2012;344:e497.
2. Konstantinou K, Dunn KM. Sciatica: Review of epidemiological studies and prevalence estimates. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2008;33:2464-72.
3. Maiers MJ, Westrom KK, Legendre CG, Bronfort G. Integrative care for the management of low back pain: Use of a clinical care pathway. BMC Health Serv Res 2010;10:298.
4. Kohatsu W. In: Rakel D, editor. Integrative Medicine. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2007. p. 687-96.
5. Vroomen PC, de Krom MC, Slofstra PD, Knottnerus JA. Conservative treatment of sciatica: A systematic review. J Spinal Disord 2000;13:463-9.
6. Hagen KB, Jamtvedt G, Hilde G, Winnem MF. The updated cochrane review of bed rest for low back pain and sciatica. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2005;30:542-6.
7. Hagen KB, Hilde G, Jamtvedt G, Winnem MF. The cochrane review of advice to stay active as a single treatment for low back pain and sciatica. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2002;27:1736-41.
8. Ali M, Shukla VD, Dave AR, Bhatt NN. A clinical study of Nirgundi Ghana Vati and Matra Basti in the management of Gridhrasi with special reference to sciatica. Ayu 2010;31:456-60.
9. Bakhashi B, Gupta SK, Rajagopala M, Bhuyan C. A comparative study of Agni karma with Lauha, Tamra and PanchadhatuShalakas in Gridhrasi (Sciatica). Ayu 2010;31:240-4.
10. Bali Y, Vijayasarathi R, Ebnezar J, Venkatesh B. Efficacy of Agnikarma over the padakanistakam (little toe) and Katibasti in Gridhrasi: A comparative study. Int J Ayurveda Res 2010;1:223-30.
11. Sumantran VN, Tillu G. Insights on personalized medicine from ayurveda. J Altern Complement Med 2012.
12. Patwardhan B. Ayurveda GCP Guidelines: Need for freedom from RCT ascendancy in favor of whole system approach. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2011;2:1-4.
13. Vaidya R. Observational therapeutics: Scope, challenges, and organization. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2011;2:165-9.
14. Scott J, Huskisson EC. Graphic representation of pain. Pain 1976;2:175-84.
15. Roland M, Morris R. A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: Development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low-back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1983;8:141-4.
16. Speed C. Low back pain. BMJ 2004;328:1119-21.
17. The Ayurvedic Formulary of India. New Delhi: Department of Indian Systems of Medicine and Homeopathy, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India; 2003.
18. Vaidya HS. Ayurvediya Panchakarma Vijnana. 5. Nagpur: Sri Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan; 1997.
19. Stafford MA, Peng P, Hill DA. Sciatica: A review of history, epidemiology, pathogenesis, and the role of epidural steroid injection in management. Br J Anaesth 2007;99:461-73.
20. Koes BW, van Tulder MW, Peul WC. Diagnosis and treatment of sciatica. BMJ 2007;334:1313-7.
21. Herman PM, Craig BM, Caspi O. Is complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) cost-effective? A systematic review. BMC Complement Altern Med 2005;5:11.
22. Acharya Charaka, Acharya Drdhabala, Acharya Chakrapanidatta. The Charaka samhita of Agnivesha. Varanasi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd; 1992.
23. Acharya Sushruta, Acharya Dalhanacharya, Acharya Gayadasacharya. Sushruta samhita. Varanasi: Krishnadas Academy; 1998.
Shruthi C
Sriranjini JS
Alex H
Vivek Sanker KM
Gangadharan GG
%26#256;yurv%26#275;da
G%26#7771;dhras%26#299;
integrative whole-system approach
lumbago with sciatica
© Journal of Musculoskeletal Diseases in Ayurveda- The Journal is supported by Dept. of AYUSH, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India | Published by Medknow
Online since 1st June, 2010


Please wear comfortable clothes – You will have a much more enjoyable experience!
For your comfort, do not eat a large meal two hours prior to class.
If you have a heart condition or any other serious medical condition, please let your instructore know before class.


On December 6th, at IFEMA in Madrid, an exhibition will be opening, featuring works by the famous street artist Banksy whom, it would not be an exaggeration to say, has changed the world of contemporary art.
The Exhibition will be located in Espacio 5.1 of IFEMA and include more than 70 Banksy creations, including original works, 3D objects, rare prints, photographs, and much more. Visitors will be offered a specially created multimedia presentation, which will educate them about the mysterious artist as well as his most important pieces and noteworthy events.
The collection of art is made up of European private collections with the help of Lilley Fine Art gallery from Lisbon. Banksy's works will be exhibited in Spain for the first time.
A mystery artist, "catch me if you can" man, provocateur, and "Joker", Banksy has changed the mass perception of the purpose of street art. His ironic and witty works are always a protest against: politics, war, capitalism, and morality; and they have become a hunting ground for journalists, photographers, vandals, and art critics. The so-called "Banksy effect", a huge interest in street art and street artists (which began in 2006), blew up the world art market, resulting in graffiti works made on the verge of kitsch being sold at prestigious auctions for record amounts. The apotheosis of Banksy's struggle with the modern art establishment was his performance at the recent Sotheby's auction, where he destroyed his "Girl with Red Balloon". Banksy's art is a modern mythology shrouded in secret, intrigue, provocation, and scandal.
The exhibition will run until March 10, 2019.
Genio sin duda, gracias a su arte "vándalo". Tres horas para reflexionar y agitar conciencias. Tú decides cómo interpretar la imagen.


The Featured Artists Coalition ('FAC') is the organisation in the UK that represents the rights and interests of its Featured Artist Members. The FAC has some 4,000 members and its board includes Nick Mason (Pink Floyd), Ed O'Brien (Radiohead), Sandie Shaw and Annie Lennox. The FAC membership is diverse and represents artists from across the industry including the spectrum of genres that the vibrant British music scene celebrates and of every generation.
CoArtis is a Spanish coalition founded in 2014 by music performers.
Improve the precarious situation of most Spanish performers.
Collaborate with the collective management societies in Spain and abroad.
Collaborate with unions and associations created to defend healthy working conditions for performers.
Deal with social and political representatives which have to develop and protect laws concerning featured artists.
CoArtis is commited to the campaigns for the fair treatment of performers in the digital environment.
Luz Casal, Hevia, Miguel Ríos, Luis Cobos, Los Secretos, Rosana and Tam Tam Go are some of our numerous members. Nacho Gª Vega is General Coordinator of COARTIS.
La Fédération des Auteurs Compositeurs et Interprètes Réunis (qui se prononce « fakir »), ce sont plus de 800 membres, tous styles de musiques confondus, qui s'associent pour être mieux représentés, mieux écoutés, mieux entendus par les politiques et les partenaires culturels.
Musicians' Union which was established in 1907 is an association of in Sweden active musicians of all kinds, namely 'musical authors' such as composers, music arrangers, singers / songwriters and others – "performers" such as instrumental and vocal musicians, conductors, conductors, soloists, singers, music performers and music teachers, repetitörer, record managers and other professionals in the field of music.
Founded in 1917 is a trade organization for professional musicians. It organizes some 3 300 members in all genres of music. Individual members are given counsel and assisted free-of-charge for example in contract, tax, copyright and pension matters. Collective bargaining and cultural politics are important aspects of the work of the Union. So is affecting legislation in various fields relevant to musicians and their work, such as copyright.
Dansk Artist Forbund (Danish Artist Union) is a trade union and cultural interest group working for featured artists, soloists and entertainers who work professionally in music, performing arts and the entertainment industry. The union was founded in 1918 and today has a membership of approximately 1,300.
Unite, share and promote the artists' voice.
GAM unifies creators and performers of music. We are here to place the artists and their creations in the centre of discussions and negociations taken by the french music industry. GAM regroups artists from all generations, sensibilities and styles of music.
DOMUS (a registered asscociation) is the umbrella organization for music makers in Germany.
DOMUS is aimed at all professional musicians. Every music maker, whether author or recording artist, solo artist or band, singer or instrumentalist, DJ, or producer can join with us directly. Alternatively, one can take part by being member of an association of musicians which is already a member of DOMUS.
Our common goal is to give us music makers a prominent voice in the important, often global decisions that affect all musicians. Currently, we're focusing especially on one topic: how are the rights of music makers respected in the digital world, how are musicians adequately compensated? In particular, when it comes to streaming music, and payment procedures, we see a significant disadvantage for music creators. In this and other topics we can represent our interests best by forming a strong and vocal community, and we need to present a unified voice to our partners, to rights exploiters and the digital industry, both nationally and internationally.
GramArt is the organization for Norwegian music artists, counting approximately 3000 members from around the country, representing all musical genres. Established in 1989 to protect the legal rights and professional interests of the recording artists, GramArt is advocating the interests of the artists in the public debate and are constantly striving to improve their overall conditions through participation in the legislative and policy debates and in internal industry negotiations, also representing the artists in the relevant societies and collective management organizations. On an individual level, GramArt offer education and provide legal and business advice to its members and music industry.
GALM unites Belgian artists in music.
GALM defends the interests of authors, composers and performers in all areas and to all possible parties (such as collecting societies, Publishers Association, the Ministry of Culture, The European Commission, just to name a few).
GALM is a Member of ECSA, the Composer Alliance, and IAO the International Artist Organization.
Artists organization whose members are established and renowned featured artists of Croatia created in April 2015 by Mr. Elvis Stanic as President, Ms. Jadranka Cubric as General secretary and Ms. Mirela Priselac Remi as Coordinator for international relations.


Katrien Meire has left her role as Sheffield Wednesday chief executive after just 13 months in office.
The former Charlton chief executive's departure from Hillsborough was announced in a statement on Monday evening.
She told the club's website: "Since joining Sheffield Wednesday in January 2018, I felt a warm welcome from everyone at the club and the fans at games and around the city.
"I would like to wish the chairman, the staff and players at the club all the very best.
Wednesday are currently 16th in the Championship, they play Millwall on Tuesday night, live on Sky Sports Football via the red button.


text:
WSTale » Travel » Once Threatened, Europe's Night Trains Rebound
Once Threatened, Europe's Night Trains Rebound
mediabest June 11, 2019	EuropetransportationTravel;T
From the Orient Express to the Trans-Europe Express, few methods of travel have offered as much romance as a European night train. Unfortunately, these overnight train routes have long been in decline, particularly in Western Europe, due mainly to the growing popularity of budget airlines. In 2016, the German rail operator Deutsche Bahn ended all of its night routes, selling off the entirety of its sleeping wagons, while in France, the last Paris-to-Nice sleeping train service was discontinued in 2017.
As a result, fans of overnight rail travel have been fighting to save the service. The cross-border Back on Track group has been lobbying both operators and governments while also organizing protests inside train stations. Things have started to look up, with new routes, new carriages and renewed interest from travelers. Austria's ÖBB purchased Deutsche Bahn's unwanted sleeping wagons, and has since reported increasing numbers of overnight passengers, even ordering new sleeping cars set to enter service by 2023. In March, the Swedish government announced plans to expand overnight trains to many European destinations. In May, the Swiss rail operator SBB said that it was considering renewed night routes, citing market demands.
In France, activists saved a beloved sleeping-car route between Paris, Perpignan and the Spanish border town of Portbou, according to Nicolas Forien, a member of both Back on Track and the French group Oui au Train de Nuit ("Yes to the Night Train").
"Public opinion is changing compared to a few years ago, when night trains were considered old-fashioned and nostalgic, something from the past," Mr. Forien said. "Now it's considered a serious alternative to flying which should be redeveloped."
Sleeper train service has had better luck in other parts of the Continent — often in regions with less competition from budget airlines. The Czech train operator RegioJet introduced a new overnight line in 2017 with all-new cars traveling from Prague through Slovakia's High Tatra Mountains and to the regional capital of Kosice. The route was later extended further east to the city of Humenne. In late 2018, ÖBB launched a new version of the historic Vienna to Berlin overnight route, now traveling through Wroclaw and other cities in southwestern Poland. And the Serbian rail operator Srbija Voz has recently modernized the couchettes on its overnight trains.
But by far, the highest-profile night train is the new Caledonian Sleeper, which offers luxurious sleeping cars for journeys between London and various destinations in Scotland, with upgraded features like en-suite lavatories and double beds, as well as improved options for dining. (The Caledonian Sleeper appeared on Travel's 52 Places to Go in 2019 list.)
While more comfortable furnishings and better meals might heighten the romantic allure of night trains, concern for the environment is giving the movement a significant push. Earlier this year, the climate activist Greta Thunberg completed a cross-European speaking tour by train, which helped bring the Swedish concept of flygskam, or "flight shame," to a wider audience. In one Twitter post, Ms. Thunberg posted a picture of herself smiling from an upper bunk of night train.
"The most important thing for me these days is the climate discussion, because they are really climate-friendly alternatives to middle-distance flying," Bernhard Knierim, an activist with Back on Track, said of trains. For Mr. Knierim, the optimal distance for overnight rail travel is "anything up to 1,000 kilometers," or about 620 miles.
In terms of environmental impact, the difference between rail travel and flights can be substantial. Robert Lechner, a spokesman for the ÖBB rail carrier, points out that Austria's electrified overnight trains do not require fossil fuels.
"In Austria, for example, the electricity for the trains comes from 100-percent renewable sources," said Mr. Lechner. "In terms of geography, we have a lot of advantages. We have the power plants on the Danube River, and we have the power plants in the mountains."
Not only do night trains allow travelers to avoid the guilt of flygskam, but train travel can also be productive, thanks to the onboard Wi-Fi that many night trains offer for free. For most travelers, however, the main "productive" time will be spent sleeping. They are also cost effective: These trains eliminate the need for booking a night of accommodation.
Al Mik, 32, frequently travels around Europe in his job with a Brussels-based nongovernmental organization, taking night trains instead of flying a few times per year.
Train travel take longer than flying, but sometimes it's more convenient, Mr. Mik said.
"There's something really great about waking up and being dumped off in the center of the place you're traveling to, instead of 20 or 30 kilometers out, as you are with most flights," he said. "And then there's the environmental factor as well."
52 PLACES AND MUCH, MUCH MORE Follow our 52 Places traveler, Sebastian Modak, on Instagram as he travels the world, and discover more Travel coverage by following us on Twitter and Facebook. And sign up for our Travel Dispatch newsletter: Each week you'll receive tips on traveling smarter, stories on hot destinations and access to photos from all over the world.
Previous Previous post: Swedish gearmaker Ericsson increases 5G forecasts
Next Next post: NASA shock: How moon with 'best chance' of replicating Earth stunned scientist – 'gem!'


Part clash happens when there are inconsistent requests set upon a worker such that agreeability with both would be troublesome. We encounter part clash when we end up pulled in different headings as we attempt to react to the numerous statuses we hold. Part clash could be something that might be for either a brief time of time, or a long time of time, and it can additionally be joined with situational encounters. Intra-part clash happens when the requests are inside a solitary space of life, for example, at work. A sample would be the point at which two bosses ask a worker to do an undertaking, and both can't be fulfilled in the meantime. Between part clash happens crosswise over areas of life. An illustration of between part clash would be a spouse and father who is additionally Chief of Police. In the event that a tornado strikes the residential area he is existing in, the man need to choose on the off chance that he ought to run home and be with his family and satisfy the part of being a decent spouse and father. Clash among the parts starts in light of the human yearning to achieve achievement, and on account of the weight put on a single person by two forcing and contradictory requests going up against one another. The impacts of part clash, as found through careful investigations and across the nation overviews, are identified with individual identity attributes and interpersonal relations.


text:
Cardinal George Pell found guilty of sexually abusing two choirboys; he has appealed the decision
26 February 2019 - Updated on 1 April 2021
Guilty: Cardinal George Pell. Photo: CNS
CARDINAL George Pell has been found guilty and faces jail for child sexual abuse – a court decision that shocked Catholics across Australia and around the world, including the bishops of Australia.
After a plea hearing in a Victorian court on February 27, Cardinal Pell, who was Vatican treasurer and one of the most senior Catholic figures in the world, is expected to face sentencing this week.
He has been found guilty of abusing two choir boys in Melbourne's St Patrick's Cathedral in 1996.
A jury delivered the unanimous verdict in Melbourne's county court months ago – on December 11 – but the result was subject to a strict suppression order that has only now been lifted allowing reporting of the case.
On December 11, Cardinal Pell was found guilty of five charges including sexual penetration of a child under 16 and four of committing an indecent act with, or in the presence of, a child under 16.
Cardinal Pell was granted bail, awaiting another trial on more sex abuse charges.
The second trial has now been abandoned, allowing the suppression order to be lifted.
On February 26, Cardinal Pell, eyes fixed, left the court soon after the suppression order was lifted and was jostled and heckled on the way to a waiting car.
He did not speak to waiting journalists.
Cardinal Pell has maintained his innocence, and his legal team will appeal against the conviction.
New study shows link between parents who suffer abuse and likelihood of their children suffering the same fate
Michaela Daphne's healing from abuse one book at a time
Most shocking detail of aged care abuse revealed in Royal Commission closing
During Cardinal Pell's court case, the court was told his victims were two 13-year-old choirboys who were assaulted in December 1996 and February 1997.
One of the victims, now in his 30s reported the allegations to police in 2015.
He gave evidence during the trial. The second boy died in 2014.
Both incidents of assault took place after Sunday Mass at St Patrick's Cathedral in Mebourne and while Cardinal Pell was vested.
It is now being reported that in the first incident, the choirboys broke away from a procession outside the cathedral and snuck back into the sacristy – a room where priests dress for Mass – and were swigging sacramental wine when Cardinal Pell walked in.
Cardinal Pell told the boys they were in trouble and then exposed himself.
The most serious allegation was that Pell had forced one choirboy to perform a sex act on him after abusing the other.
A further allegation was that in 1997 Cardinal Pell pushed one of the boys against a wall in a cathedral hallway and groped him.
A previous trial on the same five charges was discharged in September, when jurors were unable to reach a unanimous verdict.
However, Cardinal Pell was found guilty in the retrial last December.
A jury of 12 unanimously found him guilty of the five offences.
It took the jury three days to deliberate after a four-week trial.
Australian Catholic Bishops Conference president Archbishop Mark Coleridge has expressed shock at the final court outcome, but said he respected the rule of law.
"The same legal system that delivered the verdict will consider the appeal that the cardinal's legal team has lodged," Archbishop Coleridge said.
"Our hope, at all times, is that through this process, justice will be served.
"In the meantime, we pray for all those who have been abused and their loved ones, and we commit ourselves anew to doing everything possible to ensure that the Church is a safe place for all, especially the young and the vulnerable."
In a letter released by lawyer Viv Waller, the survivor of child sexual abuse committed by Cardinal Pell said he experienced "shame, loneliness, depression and struggle" in the years since the abuse.
"Like many survivors it has taken me years to understand the impact on my life," the statement read.
"At some point we realise that we trusted someone we should have feared and we fear those genuine relationships that we should trust.
"The process has been stressful and it is not over yet. I need space and time to cope with the ongoing criminal process.
"I am not a spokesperson about child sexual abuse. There are many other survivors and advocates who bravely fill this role.
"I am just a regular guy working to support and protect my family as best I can."
'Talking love' – Shirley Strickland is a champion Christian for children finding God
Joy across Townsville diocese as newly ordained deacon takes up his ministry for the Church
Cardinal George Pell remanded in custody over abuse conviction; he will be sentenced on March 13
What a wonderful world – Christian Brother Brian Grenier gleams God's gift of wonder and wisdom


Sometimes, you'll shine the brightest during your darkest hour.
That's exactly what longtime friends multi-instrumentalist Simon Katz and singer Sam Martin came to realize when they commenced writing songs for what would become Youngblood Hawke's self-titled debut EP. Katz and Martin had seen critical acclaim and worldwide success as founding members of Iglu & Hartly. However, after a rousing performance at Coachella 2010, the group dissolved due to a creative clash.
There didn't need to be a plan because their songs were so anthemic and uplifting. In early 2011, they began releasing material and booking local gigs around Los Angeles. Rounded out by Katz's childhood best friend Tasso on guitar, Alice on backup vocals and live percussion, and Iglu & Hartly touring drummer Nik, the band hit the Roxy for its first show.
Based on the strength of the tunes and a completely organic buzz, they sold out a string of nights at Silverlake hotspot, Satellite. Soon, Universal Republic Records contacted them and offered a deal. Their first five-song EP for the label drops August 14, 2012, and it will be followed up by a full-length a year later.
The quintet's moniker also reflects the glorious serendipity at the heart of its journey. Nodding to the Herman Wouk novel of the same name, it's utterly a propos.


So I finished my first winter ride on my BB5 disc brakes. Lots of salt and water, I know how I used to take care of my old brakes.... what is the best way to maintain these through winter?
No different than summer. How is there salt on trails?
If you are having issues with the BB5's during your riding, THEN look for a solution. Don't create a problem by starting to lube stuff.
I've never had to lube my BB7's. 2 years on them now.
Thats actually a rather ignorant approach. Its called preventive maintenence. Perform routine maintenence, like lubrication, before you are stranded on the side of the road with non-functional brakes.
Of course if they get squeeky, just spray the whole disc with lube!
Its not arrogant. Its direct and to the point.
I know all about preventative maintenance as I work in a LBS as a mechanic, and have worked on vehicles professionally for over 13 years. Some things require attention before issues have developed. Some things don't. Lubing brakes - which if not done carefully - will cause more headache than what its worth.
With the BB5's there is no servicing instructions that SRAM provides. Only with the BB7's. And with the BB7's the reason for a sticking caliper piston is usually due to a damaged or out of position o-ring in the caliper body. So unless you have other information that disputes this or other corrective information, please post it up. If not, stay out of the conversation with useless posts.
Do not lube anything that doesn't need lubing. Keep it clean. Use common sense.
Unfortunately Avid considers the BB5 entry level and I'm not going to say disposeable, but definitely not as high quality as the BB7's or the other models. This is like Crank Brothers with their Smarty pedals. Yes, you can pop the end cap off, but they are not fully rebuildable like their other pedals.
Just try and keep them clean. Thats all I do with my BB7's. No issues.
I never said arrogant - I said IGNORANT.
I guess you can add to your impressive resume there - poor reading comprehesion.
CactusJackSlade probably has it right though, just flush things out with fresh water. While running the water over the caliber, actuate the brakes to get any grit worked out.
Some oil in the cables will help make them last longer as well. I would pull the housing loose at the lever and work a light oil down into the cable and housing.


Eid ul Adha Natok - Tumi Ami Ebong Amra, on aired in most popular tv channel in Bangladesh named NTV.
Note: If you wish to share this video, please make sure you embed the link and share the original source.
Please avoid other methods of copying or duplicating the video, and help us support anti-piracy measures in any way you can.


text:
Kathmandu Forestry College
Koteshwor, Kathmandu
Offered Programs 4
Admission Open for MSc GIS at Kathmandu Forestry College
ClosesFebruary 28, 2023
BSc Forestry
Tribhuvan University 50 Seats
MSc in Natural Resource Management and Rural Development
MSc in Geographical Information Science and Systems
Salzburg University of Applied Sciences 25 Seats
Diploma in Forestry
Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training 40 Seats
Field Tours
Study tours, exposure visits and excursions are integral components of the course. These tours and visits are organized in coordination with governmental organizations such as district forest offices, protected area offices and district soil conservation offices, Sagarnath Forest Development Project and non-governmental organizations such as National Trust for Nature Conservation (NTNC) and International Center for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD).
Library at KAFCOL offers over 20,000 books (text and references), and many journals, video, CDs and DVDs.
The laboratories in our college are well equipped and well furnished with necessary materials and are managed by dedicated faculty members and technicians. There are different laboratory facilities for General Science, Forestry and GIS.
KAFCOL has well-equipped computers laboratory. The computer lab is available to the students during the working hours for assignments, project work and other computer related works.
B.Sc Forestry
Students with Intermediate of Science (I.Sc.), Technical Certificate Level (TCL) in Forestry, Diploma in Forestry, +2 in Science, A-level or equivalent degree with at least 100-full-mark-courses in mathematics and biology and a minimum of 50% marks in aggregate can apply for admission into the Bachelor of Science in Forestry Program. Students aspiring to get admission into the B.Sc. Forestry program have to get through an entrance examination conducted by the IOF and are selected on their merit scores.
Candidates must have secured at least grade C in any two subjects i.e. Compulsory Mathematics, Compulsory Science or English and D+ in the remaining subject in School leaving Certificate (SLC) examination from recognized academic institution.
MSc Geographical Information Science and Systems
B.Sc. (10+2+3) degree holders in any discipline with at least 45 percent aggregate marks are eligible to enroll for the course.
The candidate must have at least a 3 years B.Sc. Forestry degree or B.Sc. Natural Resource management or B.Sc. Environmental Science or B.Sc. Environmental Management or B.Sc. Agriculture or B.E. (Agriculture Engineering) from T.U. or any university recognized by TU.
KAFCOL also provides scholarship for 5 students administered by the Ministry of Education. KAFCOL has been granting 50% tuition fee waiver for students ranking first in every semester of bachelor degree program. Also, women topper and a topper among Disadvantaged group and Ethnic group receive 50% tuition fee waiver in every semester.
For Diploma program, full scholarship is granted for a student ranking first in annual examination. Similarly, full scholarship is granted for 3 students based on Guideline for Scholarship and Admission- 2071, CTEVT.
The international and national institutions are also providing scholarships to the students studying at KAFCOL in both Diploma and Bachelors degree program.
Tribhuvan University
Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training
Salzburg University of Applied Sciences
private Institution
mail@kafcol.edu.np
Training on Basics of R Programming at Kathmandu Forestry College
Vacancy for Principal at Kathmandu Forestry College
Prospectus of Kathmandu Forestry College
Kathmandu Forestry College (KAFCOL) is a vibrant and growing academic institution (a public company) located in Koteshwor, Kathmandu. The College has been running BSc Forestry program in affiliation with Tribhuvan University, Nepal since its establishment in 2005, and Diploma in Forestry program in affiliation with the Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT), Government of Nepal, since 2009.
Since 2012, Kathmandu Forestry College has been collaborating with University of Salzburg, Austria to jointly run a MSc in Geographical Information Science and Systems (GIS). Moreover, we have started a new MSc in Natural Resource Management and Rural Development (NRMRD) from 2015 in affiliation with the Tribhuvan University. The college has also been undertaking research and outreach projects related to biodiversity, forestry, and natural resources management. The College was jointly established by the Nepal Agroforestry Foundation (a national NGO working for promotion of agroforestry) and a group of forestry and natural resource management professionals.
Kathmandu Forestry College's vision is to become a center of excellence in education and research related to forestry and natural resources management.
The mission of KAFCOL is to produce qualified and competent human resource, become resourceful and spread its network through education, research, training, and outreach in multi and trans-disciplinary fields (focusing on Forestry and Natural Resources Management) for addressing the ever increasing challenges of sustainable development in Nepal and South Asia.
No discrimination based on belief, religion, caste-ethnicity, nationality and gender
Respect to inclusiveness and plurality of views and socio-cultural diversity in the pursuit of quality education
Value and promote merit and competence while respecting inclusion and diversity
Responsive to changes (global and local)
Social responsibility to environmental issues
Apolitical knowledge center
People first-students, faculty, staff, promoters, and the community at large
Produce competent human resources in forestry, natural resources management, GI Science and other relevant field through high quality education and research
Engage and promote interdisciplinary and multi-disciplinary research and outreach to generate new knowledge, skill, technology and practices hand-in-hand with teaching
Establish networks and collaboration with relevant institutions to improve academic excellence, policy feedback and visibility
Develop and strengthen institutional capacity
Kathmandu Forestry College (KAFCOL) was established in 2005 by the Nepal Agro-forestry Foundation and a group of like-minded professionals and academicians deeply committed to the cause of promoting quality education and research in the fields of Forestry and Natural Resource Management in Nepal. KAFCOL has been steadily growing over the years. Currently, it runs three academic programs: (i) B.Sc. Forestry in affiliation with the Tribhuvan University, Nepal, (ii) Diploma in Forestry in affiliation with the Council for Technical Education and Vocational Training (CTEVT), Government of Nepal, and (iii) M.Sc. in Geographical Information Science and Systems (GIScience) in collaboration with the University of Salzburg, Austria.
In pursuit of realizing its vision to become a "centre of excellence" in education and research related to Forestry and Natural Resources Management (NRM), KAFCOL is now preparing to offer Masters level courses in Natural Resources Management and Rural Development (NRM-RD) in affiliation with the Tribhuvan University. Alongside teaching and research, KAFCOL has also been undertaking outreach projects which have greatly helped to enhance the College's profile and visibility in Nepal and beyond. Some of our recent or current national and international collaborators include the Ministry of Forests and Soil Conservation, Government of Nepal; Hariyo Ban Program, WWF Nepal; Thompson Rivers University, Canada; and Georg-August University of Gottingen, Germany.
We also have a very good working relations with several other relevant agencies in Nepal (such as IUCN Nepal, International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development, National Trust for Nature Conservation, Federation of Community Forest Users in Nepal) and beyond (such as the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand). I am very honored and privileged to be associated with KAFCOL. Drawing upon my long experience of working with the Government of Nepal and international organizations (AIT and ICIMOD), I am committed and striving to fulfill my responsibilities and overcoming challenges. Through a team of highly motivated and accomplished faculty and staff, the College is committed to provide state of the art education that has a strong blend of teaching, field practice and research components.
My administration shall continue making every effort to ensure that KAFCOL has faculty and staff of high quality and that there is an excellent academic environment at the College for our faculty and students in order to make both teaching and learning highly enriching experiences.
On behalf of the College Management, I would like to welcome students desirous of a unique learning experience, and high quality forestry and NRM professionals willing to team up with our esteemed faculty to join or collaborate with KAFCOL.
Prof. Dr. Ambika P. Gautam


text:
40 years later – bitter sweet.
by Janet Donovan | on July 25th, 2012 |
"The 1972 Olympics were a tumultuous and controversial Olympics," Tom McMillen told us before heading to London for the 2012 Olympics. (shown above at his "40th" birthday party with buddies Terry McAuliffe and Tom Quinn)
"With the 11 Israeli athletes murdered by a terrorist attack on the Olympic village, it was a difficult environment to compete.
Our world championship basketball game against the Soviet Union was played 5 days after the terrorist attack.
The US team, who had never lost an Olympic basketball game, came from behind to take a one point lead with one second left. Then, the chaos began.
The Soviets were given 3 separate chances to score and they did so on the last play. Our team refused to accept a silver medal because we felt we had rightfully won the gold. Our medals sit in a vault in Switzerland."
McMillen is both a former U.S. Congressman from Maryland and all-American basketball player.
In chapter five of his 1992 book Out of Bounds he expounds on the Olympic experience, one that is still hard to digest; but, more currently relevant and ironic in light of the recent debacle at Penn State, he also prophetically critiques college sports.
"An informed and evenhanded critique of the "creeping professionalism" that imperils American sport; by an activist observer with impeccable credentials. Congressman McMillen (Dem., Md.) draws on his own experiences as an all-American basketball player, Rhodes Scholar, Olympian (at the 1972 Games), and 11-year journeyman in the NBA to make a persuasive case against the status quo in domestic athletics.
An equal-opportunity faultfinder, he rails against zealous parents who push their kids into Little Leagues as well as against universities more concerned with gate receipts than with academic excellence.
Also targeted are importunate recruiters who lure high-school talent with dreams of college glory and pro careers, and the NCAA, which, McMillen says, all too often casts a blind eye on open scandals and tolerates "shamateurism" in the interests of megabuck TV deals." 1992 Kirkus Review
McMillen promises to keep us posted from London. Let the games begin.


The medical doctor examines, diagnoses, and treats patients. Medical doctors will diagnose patient's conditions using examinations and tests. Based on their findings, they prescribe treatment and medications to attempt to heal any illnesses or injuries.
The Anaesthetic consultant will participates in clinical audit activities and applies the results to improve the service.


text:
Pinjarra's Ghost
October 31, 2017 July 25, 2018 ~ Jessica Barratt
In the early 1870s a man by the name of Thomas Scott visited Western Australia and in particular Pinjarra. He was there for about three days when he mentioned that he had passed an elderly woman dressed in a light dress standing on the Pinjarra Bridge. He did not know it at the time but what he had seen was the Pinjarra ghost who was said to haunt the bridge over the Murray River.
A sketch by Captain E Y W Henderson of the third Pinjarra Bridge in the 1850s. Courtesy of the Shire of Murray.
Recounting what he had seen to his friend (known only as Mr C) he was told that the woman was Mr C's Aunt and that she had been found deceased on the bridge in the 1860s. The belief was that she had suffered an apoplectic fit. Each year since she passed away and for nine days around the anniversary of her death (said to have occurred in early July) the woman in the light dress would appear on the bridge at about midnight.
Along with the apparition, Mr C stated that on the first anniversary of her death they also heard three distinct knocks at the door and a voice, much like his Aunt's, calling the name of his Uncle.
We all stood looking at each other in mute fear and astonishment – terror seemed to sway every heart now beating thrice three times as fast. My uncle was the first to break the spell. He rushed to the door, closely followed by myself, as if ashamed of his momentary fear, to behold a tall stately figure of a female clad in a light loose dress similar to that she had on at the time she was found dead on the old Bridge. … She was walking or rather slowly gliding as it were in the direction of the old Bridge, which is about a quarter of a mile from our farm.
Curious, and wanting to see the woman again, Thomas set out in the dark with Mr C and several others to stand watch at either end of the bridge and await the return of the ghost.
The night was beautifully starlit with a full moon coursing in the heavens above. To the right of the Bridge was a burying ground and on either side but this lay nothing but the dark, dense forest, that looked in this lonesome hour the very place for a ghost scene.
They arrived at 11:30 pm and waited patiently. The clocks struck twelve but still they saw no ghost. Just over half an hour later they were ready to give up and were prepared to call it all a hoax when lo and behold, the woman appeared.
The apparition was in the centre of the Bridge and seemed to be on the move. It was quite recognisable by all parties and the same that has already been described. We instinctively stopped to watch it for a few minutes. The signal was given by the other party to apprise it, and simultaneously we all rushed to the spot where the apparition stood, visible as plain as day, and – aghast, we stood gaping at each other scarcely believing our own eyes. The figure whether earthly or spiritual had vanished.
Thomas Scott recorded what he had been told and what he had seen in narrative format in his journal which reads as though it could have been fictional. While this may have been the case, when the story was read at a meeting of the Royal Western Australian Historical Society in 1934, Mr J Hammond stated that he too had heard the story in 1863 and that even his sister had seen a forlorn figure on the bridge which she was sure was the Pinjarra ghost.
If you know of the Pinjarra ghost story and have additional information or an eyewitness account to contribute, please feel free to leave a comment. I'd love to hear from you.
Image of the Pinjarra Bridge circa 1850s courtesy of the Shire of Murray's website (http://www.murray.wa.gov.au/tourism/pinjarra-heritage-trail/traffic-bridge/).
Extracts from Thomas Scott's journal obtained courtesy of Curtin University's website, Legends of the West (http://john.curtin.edu.au/folklore/legends.html).
1934 'A PINJARRA GHOST.', The West Australian (Perth, WA : 1879 – 1954), 27 October, p. 21. , viewed 31 Oct 2017, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article32800534
1936 'NEWS AND NOTES.', The West Australian (Perth, WA : 1879 – 1954), 23 May, p. 18. , viewed 31 Oct 2017, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article40718703
Posted in Mysteries, Trove Tuesday, WA History	Ghost StoriesGhostsHalloweenHauntedHistoryMurray BridgeMurray RiverPinjarraSouth WestSpooky TalesStoriesWestern AustraliaWestern Australian History
< Previous The Lost Tin of Gold
Next > The Skeleton in the Dunes
2 thoughts on "Pinjarra's Ghost"
crissouli says:
I have included your blog in INTERESTING BLOGS in FRIDAY FOSSICKING at
https://thatmomentintime-crissouli.blogspot.com/2017/11/friday-fossicking-3rd-november-2017.html
Thanks Chris! 😊
Share your story... Cancel reply


Bones of a giant ground sloth from the ice age.
The giant ground sloth was one of the enormous creatures that thrived during the ice ages. Looking a little bit like an oversized hamster it probably fed on leaves found on the lower branches of trees or bushes. The largest of these ground sloths was Megatherium which grew to the size of a modern elephant with a weight over five tons.
Giant Sloths had very large, dangerous-looking claws. Despite their size they were probably only used to strip leaves or bark from plants. Their teeth were small and blunt in keeping with their herbivore diet. Examinations of their hip bones suggests that they could stand on their hind legs to extend their grazing as high as twenty feet.
Were Some Giant Sloths Really Carnivorous?
Most scientists think that the large claws on Megatherium americanum were used for stripping leaves and bark for its vegetarian diet. Richard Farina, a paleontologist at the University of the Republic in Montevideo, Uruguay, disagrees. He measured the length of the olecranon process (the bony part of the elbow where the triceps muscle attaches to the forearm) on m. americanum and it was surprisingly short. The shorter the length, the faster the arm can move. Faster movement like this is usually the sign of a carnivore. Farina thinks this 12 foot high version of the sloth might have gone carnivore and hunted glyptodonts (giant armadillos) that lived at that time. If so the sloth probably rolled them over and stabbed them in the soft underbelly using its long claws.
Like other giant creatures that disappeared at the end of the Pleistocene period (about 10,000 years ago), Megatherium, its smaller sloth cousin, Mylodon, and other varieties of the giant sloth are now extinct. Only the small tree sloth survives today. Or so scientists believe.
In the 1890's an Argentinean explorer, geographer and adventurer, Ramon Lista, was hunting in a portion of his country known as Patagonia when a large, unknown creature covered with long hair, trotted past the party. To Lista the creature looked like a gigantic armadillo. The party shot at the beast, but the bullets seemed to have no effect.
Professor Florentino Ameghino, a paleontologist in Argentina, heard the Lista story and began to wonder if the strange beast was a giant sloth that had survived from the Pleistocene. He might not have put much stock in the Lista story if it had not been for legends he'd collected from Indians in the Patagonia region about hunting such a large creature in ancient times. The animal in the Indian stories was nocturnal, and slept during the day in burrows it dug with it's claws. The Indians found it difficult to get their arrows to penetrate the animal's skin.
A large sloth standing on his hind legs could tower twenty feet in the air.
Ameghino also had a piece of physical evidence. A small section of apparently fresh hide found by a rancher named Eberhardt on his property in a cave in 1895. The hide was studded with small, hard, calcium nodules and would have been impervious to the teeth of Pleistocene predators. It seemed likely that it would have also resisted Indian arrows and Lista's bullets.
So sure was Ameghino this was the creature Lista had seen he named the creature after Lista: Nemoylodon listai, or "Lista's new Mylodon."
Expeditions to Eberhardt's and other caves, recovered additional pieces of hide along with evidence the Eberhardt's cave had been home to both men and Mylodon. With the development of the Carbon-14 dating method in the twentieth century the age of Mylodon remains in the Eberhardt's cave was settled. Dung found in the cave was more than 10,000 years old. The skin was estimated to be 5,000 years old. Conditions in the caves may have preserved it making it look fresh to the eye and fooling Ameghino.
This giant sloth appears on a stamp issued by Brazil.
No additional evidence has turned up that the giant sloth survives today. What killed them? Like other giant species of the Pleistocene period, climate change related to the end of ice ages, may have been the culprit. A competing theory, however, is that as man spread into regions occupied by the giant sloth, he may have hunted them, along with the mammoth and mastodons, to extinction.
Copyright 1996-20006 Lee Krystek. All Rights Reserved.


360 Degree VIDEO. DRAG AROUND TO SEE.
Our cab was stuck in the protest so we grabbed dinner to wait it out, and chatted with some very nice NYC policeman who were on duty through the event. Then coffee at the Magnolia Bakery. The streets were very empty once the crowd went away. I have some good footage of the piles and piles of protest guns left behind on 5th Avenue that might make it into the next full vlog episode. This starts at the roof of 30 Rockefeller Plaza which was socked in by fog.


text:
What is security and protection in OS?
What is protection operating system?
Is security and protection the same?
What is the goal of protection and security?
What are the models of OS security?
Why do we need security?
What is language based protection in OS?
What are the principles of protection?
What is deadlock OS?
Protection and security requires that computer resources such as CPU, softwares, memory etc. are protected. This extends to the operating system as well as the data in the system. This can be done by ensuring integrity, confidentiality and availability in the operating system.
Protection refers to a mechanism which controls the access of programs, processes, or users to the resources defined by a computer system. We can take protection as a helper to multi programming operating system, so that many users might safely share a common logical name space such as directory or files.
The main difference between security and protection lies within the fact that the security handles the external information threats in the computer systems whereas the protection deals with the internal threats.
Protection is a mechanism to control access to resources. Protection mechanisms provide controlled access by limiting the type of access that various users can make. Security is a measure of confidence that the integrity of a (computer) system relies on. A security system prevents unauthorized access to a system.
1.1 Lattice Models.
1.2 State Machine Models.
1.3 Noninterference Models.
1.4 Bell—LaPadula Confidentiality Model.
1.5 Biba Integrity Model.
1.6 Clark—Wilson Integrity Model.
1.7 Access Control Matrix.
1.8 Information Flow Models.
IT IS INTERESTING: Who can be a radiation protection advisor?
There are many reasons of why security guards are essential. They help protect businesses, schools, banks, and other important places. Not only do they protect places, but they also protect people. … However, the guards will also protect against criminals that do try to steal from places.
In computer science, language-based security (LBS) is a set of techniques that may be used to strengthen the security of applications on a high level by using the properties of programming languages. … This area is generally known as language-based security.
The principle of protection involves placing a barrier between the pathogen and the susceptible part of the host to shield the host from the pathogen. This can be accomplished by regulation of the environment, cultural and handling practices, control of insect carriers, and application of chemical…
In an operating system, a deadlock occurs when a process or thread enters a waiting state because a requested system resource is held by another waiting process, which in turn is waiting for another resource held by another waiting process.


text:
//
//  Copyright 2014 Gustavo J Knuppe (https://github.com/knuppe)
//
//   Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
//   you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
//   You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
//   Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
//   distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
//   WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
//   See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
//   limitations under the License.
//
//   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
//   - May you do good and not evil.                                         -
//   - May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others.             -
//   - May you share freely, never taking more than you give.                -
//   - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
//

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;

namespace SharpNL.DocumentCategorizer {
    /// <summary>
    /// Represents the document categorizer context generator.
    /// </summary>
    public class DocumentCategorizerContextGenerator {

        private readonly IFeatureGenerator[] featureGenerators;

        #region . Constructor .
        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="DocumentCategorizerContextGenerator"/> with the given generators.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="featureGenerators">The feature generators.</param>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentNullException">featureGenerators</exception>
        /// <exception cref="System.ArgumentOutOfRangeException">The feature generators must not be empty.</exception>
        public DocumentCategorizerContextGenerator(params IFeatureGenerator[] featureGenerators) {
            if (featureGenerators == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(featureGenerators));

            if (featureGenerators.Length == 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(featureGenerators), 0, @"The feature generators must not be empty.");

            this.featureGenerators = featureGenerators;
        }
        #endregion

        #region . GetContext .
        /// <summary>
        /// Gets the context for the given <paramref name="text"/>.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="text">The text.</param>
        /// <param name="extraInformation">The extra information.</param>
        /// <returns>The contexts for the specified text.</returns>
        public string[] GetContext(string[] text, Dictionary<string, object> extraInformation) {
            var context = new List<string>();

            foreach (var fg in featureGenerators) {
                context.AddRange(fg.ExtractFeatures(text, extraInformation));
            }

            return context.ToArray();
        }
        #endregion

    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub