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The Fremantle Prison had its share of escapes during its 150 year history. The best one was done by John Boyle O'Reilly. This guy nearly caused a war between the U.S. and Great Britain with his little escapade. And he's the only prisoner they were never able to recapture.
Mr. O'Reilly was a Fenian political prisoner since he was an Irish spy in the British Army. He was sent to Fremantle with six other Fenians. This guy made nice with the warder and with the help of the Prison Priest escaped on a whaling ship. He made it all the way to Boston where he joined up with other sympathizers, bought another whaling vessel, the Catalpa, and returned to Fremantle to free his fellow Fenians.
They sent a couple other Fenians ahead to pose as wealthy businessmen and open lines of communication with their imprisoned brothers. They used the chapel shown to the left to get the message to the remaining six that they were to make sure they were outside the prison walls without their guards during their work detail on Easter Monday morning because apparently they were frequently without their guards outside the prison walls while on work detail.
The six did as instructed and hopped on carriages sent to pick them up. They were taken to a small whaleboat that would row them out to the Catalpa which was waiting for them in International waters.
Of course, the British were on to them immediately, but couldn't catch them in the whaleboat. After spending the night in the open boat during a squall, the prisoners made it to the Catalpa. By this time, the British had found them again.
They demanded to board the ship and retrieve the prisoners, but the captain refused. The British prepared to fire on the Catalpa. The captain told them, "That's the American flag. I am on the high seas; my flag protects me. If you fire on this ship you fire on the American flag." Since the British had just lost a similar case costing them 3 million pounds - that was a whole lot in 1876 - they weren't eager to repeat the situation. They had no choice, but let the Catalpa go with the prisoners on board.
Mr. O'Reilly returned to Boston where he was a newspaperman and regularly went on lecture tours. He wasn't even trying to hide out. When he died in 1890 his funeral was the second largest in American history. Only John F. Kennedy's was bigger.
Oh yeah...and they wrote a song about the Catalpa escape. Unfortunately, until insanely recently it was still illegal to sing it in Australia.
Fremantle Prison Escapes: John Boyle O'Reilly and the Fenians


We all know the threat that ransomware poses. Once files are encrypted with a public key a file is essentially unrecoverable without the matching private key. Ransomware is easy to obtain and, in most cases, easy to deliver. Since we can't avoid the threat, here are five useful tactics we must use to establish credible defenses.
Avoid Risks By Not Getting Infected: We can prevent infection by: limiting access to the internet to those who need it, limiting protocols allowed on segments, limiting access to internet sites, quarantining or sandboxing of suspicious e-mail, training users not click on hyperlinks, training employees not to open unsolicited or unexpected emails, disable macro scripts from office files transmitted over email, preventing programs from executing from common ransomware locations (e.g., temporary folders).
Limit Damage By Limiting User Access To Network Resources: Limiting user access to network resources within our organizations can avert damage from a ransomware attack. We exercise the limitation to the user by: segmenting networks, providing alternative networks for risky activities (IOTs, personal device usage and for remote access), limiting file access to necessary activities (i.e. read-only where possible). We can strive to limit the vulnerability created by privileged users which will regulating the number of privileged users and requiring multi-factor authentication for privileged users.
Limiting Damage By Early Detection Of Attacks: We can also limit the damage through early detection of attacks by: monitoring file read/write/delete activity to detect anomalous activity, establishing performance standards to detect unusual CPU or disk activity, and by training personnel to respond and follow the Incident Response Policy that includes ransomware scenarios.
Limiting Damage By Frequently Backing Up Systems: Backup methods on should be to systems that have separate access controls and in manners that retain operational capabilities (i.e. retaining indexations and configurations necessary to use the information).


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70pc of Danga Island Villas snapped up
NEARLY 70 per cent of the luxury waterfront villas in Danga Island Villas, located within Iskandar Malaysia, have been snapped up by buyers from all over the world eventhough the project will only be launched in November.
Danga Bay Sdn Bhd chief executive officer Datuk Lim Kang Ho said the Danga Island Villas managed to secure RM230 million sales at the Cityscape international property show in Dubai last week.
Investors' bullish perception on the project was further testament to their confidence in Iskandar Malaysia and Danga Bay, he said.
"Despite the prevailing global economic conditions, they are still willing to spend and invest in our project, reflecting their confidence in Danga Bay and Iskandar Malaysia backed by the government," he told a media conference.
Lim said Danga Bay Sdn Bhd had not deferred any project planned for Danga Bay due to the global economic uncertainties.
Lim also said the value of completed projects in Danga Bay, for example, apartments, commercial blocks and Casa Almyra residential development, had doubled, further proving its lure to investors.
The Danga Island Villas project, worth RM900 million in Gross Development Value, is the first high-end waterfront lifestyle living concept in Iskandar Malaysia, straddling over 45 acres of a natural island off Danga Bay.
The 152 villas, which come complete with private berths for yachts, is priced between RM4 million and RM15 million each.
Of the 70 per cent Danga Island Villas units sold todate, Lim said 27 per cent of the buyers were Johoreans, 28 per cent from those living in Kuala Lumpur and Penang and six per cent from Sabah and Sarawak.
Buyers from Middle East countries, India, Pakistan, Canada and Spain accounted for 38 per cent, five per cent from Singapore and two per cent from Hong Kong.
The project is targeted primarily at wealthy retirees, jetsetting businessmen, expatriate families and the well-heeled from Malaysia and the region keen to make Iskandar their home.
Other upcoming property developments in Danga Bay are refurbishment of the Danga Bayleaf Restaurant into a RM30 million convention hall and construction of office blocks.
A budget hotel and a six-star luxury hotel are on the drawing board, he added.
By Bernama
Visit Danga Bay Website
Posted by Kimberg at 6:34 PM 0 comments
Labels: Johor Bahru, REIT / Property Investment
Penang has no plans to make all reclaimed land freehold
GEORGE TOWN: The Penang state government has no plans to convert all reclaimed land from leasehold to freehold status although such land is no longer considered part of the foreshore or seabed, which is protected under the National Land Code (NLC), Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng said yesterday.
Lim said under Section 76 of the NLC, a state authority could not dispose of "any part of the foreshore or seabed for a period exceeding 99 years... to protect and reserve coastal areas for the public interest".
"However, I have been advised that after reclamation, there is no more seabed and foreshore, and therefore it is within the state's right to give private individuals freehold status for such areas," he said.
"Whilst I disagree with the previous state government's policy of converting reclaimed land to freehold, we have been advised by both the lawyers and consultants with the Penang Development Corporation (PDC) and the State Legal Adviser that this conversion is legally valid as it was gazetted as state land and no longer as foreshore land," Lim said.
The state government therefore has to comply with the consent order of the Penang High Court for a rescue deal for the Bayan Bay project that includes converting what was once seabed and foreshore to freehold land, Lim said.
All the parties involved had exercised their legal rights in court before withdrawing their final appeal to the Federal Court, he said, and any attempt to refuse to comply with the consent order would expose the state government to substantial claims for damages.
"The state government hopes that the public, including some state assemblymen and NGOs, would not equate the necessity to comply with the scheme decided by the previous state government as concurrence or even endorsement for converting reclaimed land from leasehold to freehold.
"Even though the legal view is that whilst the state authority can exercise such powers, the new government would not exercise such powers," Lim said.
By The EDGE Malaysia (by Regina William)
Guocoland 1Q profit up slightly
KUALA LUMPUR: Guocoland (Malaysia) Bhd posted a higher profit of RM3.42 million in its first quarter ended Sept 30, 2008, compared with RM3.37 million a year earlier, tempered by a 50% decline in revenue to RM18.28 million from RM36.35 million.
Earnings per share rose to 0.51 sen from 0.5 sen. No dividend was declared. Guocoland said yesterday it was taking appropriate measures to address the challenges in the current financial year.
"Given the uncertainty arising from the current financial turmoil and the slowdown in the global economy, we expect the property market in Malaysia to soften further," it said.
By The Edge Malaysia
Labels: Property Market
Penang has no plans to make all reclaimed land fre...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The KBSP Partnership came into being on 1 May 2001 by the merger of two practices whose roots go back to the 1960s. On 1 April 2011 we became KBSP Partners LLP. We continue the tradition of our predecessors in our commitment to the provision of a personal, comprehensive service for each of our clients and in looking to provide solutions to their business and tax problems. We are experts in Sage and Xero accounting software as well as numerous other accounting packages. We are based in Swiss Cottage between Swiss Cottage and Finchley Road tube stations.
We aim to provide a friendly, efficient professional service regardless of the size of each client or the fee involved. We are always pleased to quote in advance of undertaking work. We work with a wide range of accounting software including Sage, Xero, Quickbooks and Kashflow.
Chancellor Philip Hammond has delivered the Autumn Budget, hailing an 'end to austerity'.


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Hurting Hewitt pans Davis Cup scheduling after Australia eliminated
Published: Nov 22, 2019 at 2:12 a.m.
MADRID (Reuters) - Australia captain Lleyton Hewitt criticised the scheduling at the revamped Davis Cup Finals after his team lost 2-1 to Canada in the quarter-finals on Thursday.
Australia, playing their third match in successive nights, lost Nick Kyrgios to a collarbone injury before the quarter-final and faced a Canadian team who has a day off on Wednesday.
"The scheduling is a big problem," twice Grand Slam champion Hewitt told reporters.
"You know, for us to have had to play these three nights in a row, it's not ideal.
"Yeah, I understand it's the first time and you're going to have hiccups and you've got to learn from it. But there's been a lot of small problems, that's for sure."
After a two-month break, Kyrgios had been in fine form in Madrid, bashing down 22 aces in a straight sets victory over Steve Darcis late on Wednesday to help Australia beat Belgium and reach the last eight.
But the 24-year-old pulled up sore on Thursday and was replaced by Jordan Thompson, who lost in straight sets to Vasek Pospisil in the opening singles rubber.
"I think (the injury) was similar to what he had at Laver Cup time," Hewitt said of Kyrgios's collarbone problem.
"That's just the way the cards fell. It's been pretty tough I guess trotting back out the last three nights as well.
"To Johnny's credit, he went out there and left it all out on the court."
Hewitt has been a vocal critic of the revamp of the 119-year-old tournament that originally had home and away ties played throughout the year.
Defeat, however, was no less difficult for the 38-year-old, who holds Australia's record for Davis Cup ties and wins as a player.
"I think in any kind of format that I've ever seen anyone play for their country, they go out there and leave it all out there," he said.
"The format changed but we still came here to give absolutely everything we could, and we did that.
"So, yeah, we're all hurting at the moment. But it just shows that it means something, which is good."
(Reporting by Ian Ransom in Melbourne; Editing by Peter Rutherford)
Published 20 minutes ago


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Tech Startup News, Events & Resources
Consumer Tech Reviews
Tablets and iPads
Business Tech Reviews
Marriott and British Airways Hit With Millions in Data Breach Fines
Adam Rowe
@AdamRRowe
The UK's Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) has just levied a record-setting £183.39 million against British Airways for a 2018 data breach.
They've followed this up with another breath-takingly huge fine: The proposed £99.2 million fine is against hotel group Marriott International's November 2018 hack, which exposed data from 339 million customers globally.
The two fines are just the latest development in Europe's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and it's a sobering one for anyone working in cybersecurity at a major company.
These record fines prove that the GDPR's bite is indeed as bad as its bark. Below, we explain all you need to know about how BA and Marriott fell afoul of the regulations.
What Has British Airways Been Fined For?
The fine, which comes to around $229.54 million in US dollars, is the result of British Airways' violation of the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which came into effect on 25 May 2018.
BA's data breach incident apparently started in June 2018. Traffic on the British Airways website was rerouted to a fraud website designed by scammers to harvest customer data.
The data of around 500,000 British Airways customers was compromised. British Airways reported the event to the ICO in September of 2018.
How about Marriott's Fine?
Marriott International's story is similar: The hack happened in November of 2018, well after GDPR was in effect, and it exposed personal data from 339 million customers, including credit card details, passport numbers and dates of birth.
The ICO has stated that 30 million of the affected customers live in the European Economic Area, and 7 million are UK residents. The core issue, according to the ICO's investigation, stemmed from the Starwood hotels group, which Marriott acquired in 2014 but apparently failed to properly inspect it's IT systems. These compromised systems led to the data breach.
What is the GDPR?
Self-described as "most important change in data privacy regulation in 20 years," the GDPR is an EU regulation designed to revamp data privacy rules in an age when web users are just starting to be aware of how deeply their privacy has been compromised by data-hungry tech giants.
Among other laws, the GDPR establishes a handful of stipulations guiding the type of data companies can hold on their customers, as well as a the length of time that they can hold it, whom they share it with, and how the data is processed.
Under the GDPR rules, companies found in breach of the regulations may be fined €20 million, or 4% of annual global turnover – whichever is higher. Looking at it this way, British Airways got off lightly: it could have faced a fine as high as £500 million.
Since GDPR has only been in effect since May 2018, this is among the earliest examples of a huge fine hitting a major company for data privacy violations. The British Airways case allows ICO to prove it aims to properly enforce its law rather than establish a toothless regulation.
Is the British Airways GDPR Fine Normal?
Is such a large a fine the "new normal" in this post-GDPR world? The short answer is that we don't have enough data to say for sure. Since GPDR is relatively new, we haven't had a chance to establish a baseline comparison for just how heavy a penalty £183.39 million is.
Under the previous EU law, the Data Protection Act 1998, the maximum fine was a comparatively forgiving £500,000. So, by that definition of "normal", this new fine is about 366 times bigger.
Most recently, Facebook's Cambridge Analytica data scandal earned that maximum £500,000 fine from the ICO. Would Facebook have tightened its data standards more quickly if it risked a penalty many hundreds of times larger? One would hope.
If anything, the BA fine sets a new standard in data breach values. Fining a company $229 million for exposing the data of 500,000 customers works out to about $457 per customer. Using this logic, the 143 million people affected by the Equifax breach could have resulted in a $65.35 billion fine according to one calculation.
Still, we've seen larger fines in the past, if not under GDPR. Earlier this year, the European Commission gave Google a whopping $1.7 billion fine for breaching EU antitrust rules.
Just as Google has consistently appealed its EU fines, British Airways plans to appeal this one. It has a 28-day window to do so.
"We intend to take all appropriate steps to defend the airline's position vigorously, including making any necessary appeals," Willie Walsh, chief executive of IAG, told the BBC.
Alex Cruz, British Airways' chairman and chief executive, further added that the company was "surprised and disappointed" by the ICO's finding, saying "British Airways responded quickly to a criminal act to steal customers' data. We have found no evidence of fraud/fraudulent activity on accounts linked to the theft. We apologise to our customers for any inconvenience this event caused."
Marriott, too, is planning to appeal.
Whatever else happens, this incident should spur cybersecurity experts to leave nothing to chance when it comes to securing the data of their customers. For those that fall short of the standards of the GDPR, a six-figure fine might not be far away.
Read more of the latest cybersecurity news on Tech.co
How the GDPR Has Affected the Tech Community So Far
Cybersecurity Study Says Getting Hacked Is More Common Than Ever
Russia Taunts US with Threat of Cyber War
Tags: Privacy and Security
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Google Pays Contract Workers "A Few Cents" to Transcribe Your Conversations
By Tom Fogden | Jul 11, 2019 at 9:09 am
Google has been paying contractors to listen and transcribe Google Home recordings of completely unaware users. One of the contractors decided to blow the whistle to a Dutch-language news site, revealing that some of the conversations are up to a minute long.
How to Watch the Women's World Cup Final with a VPN
By Jack Turner | Jul 5, 2019 at 12:32 pm
This Sunday sees the final of the Women's World Cup, a soccer event that has grabbed our attention more than ever before, thanks to amazing performances on the pitch, as well as a little controversy off of it. Find out how you can watch it anywhere in the world, with a VPN
Illegal Bitcoin Farms in Iran Cause Energy Spike
By Adam Rowe | Jul 1, 2019 at 7:36 pm
Iran's government-subsidized electricity saw a 7% spike in consumption in June, destabilizing the country's power grid. The culprit, according to Iranian authorities? 1,000 illegal bitcoin mining machines.
Adam is a writer at Tech.co and has worked as a tech writer, blogger and copy editor for the last decade. He's also a Forbes Contributor on the publishing industry (and Digital Book World 2018 award finalist) and has appeared in publications including Popular Mechanics and IDG Connect. When not glued to TechMeme, he loves obsessing over 1970s sci-fi art.


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Tag Archives: Filthy Thieving Bastards
ALBUM REVIEW: DARIUS KOSKI- 'Sisu' (2015)
Album Review, Americana, Country, Traditional, USA May 3, 2015 Leave a comment
Created over the course of over a decade Darius Koski, frontman of US punk legends the Swingin' Utters, uses an arsenal of traditional, acoustic-based instruments to create a hodgepodge of styles and blend that includes bluegrass, country, blues and American and Irish folk.
Darius Koski is a family man with a day job as a plumber but its in his other life as songwriter, lead guitarist and vocalist for the now legendary Californian punk band The Swingin' Utters that peaks our interest.
Formed back in 1987 the Utters had a traditional punk rock sound in the early days which soon incorporated elements of folk, country and celtic in their sound. Darius described their music as
"I've always thought of our songs as just loud, aggressive and fast folk or country songs"
About a decade ago The Swingin' Utters looked to be coming to a abrupt end and Darius and Johnny Bonnel went off to form the excellent Filthy Thieving Bastards a Pogues inspired celtic-punk band that went to record three albums and a EP.
Darius Koski abilities as a song writer and musician are undeniable and though fans of the band will mainly associate him with the streetpunk of the Swingin' Utters he has an uncanny knack of picking up and being able to play a whole multiude of instruments. Guitar, piano, banjo, accordion, violin, glockenspiel, vibraphone, melodica, ukulele and even percussion are all within his grasp and a talent for playing several genres combine to make this, his first solo album, an absolute pleasure to review.
For someone so skilled in playing celtic music it should come as no suprise, in this day and age of musics globalisation and celtic musics popularity around the world, that Darius Koski has no celtic heritage and he is in fact half Persian through his Mammy ('Darius' was an old Persian king) while his father is from Finland ('Koski' meaning 'rapids' in Finnish). The title of the album 'Sisu' is a Finnish word without an English translation, but is considered to represent the idea of perseverance in the face of adversity.
"my parents didn't give me cars or expensive things like that but they gave me work ethic. It's almost a cliche. Your parents are immigrants, they have work ethic, but it's true, absolutely"
Some of these songs have been swimming around in Darius head for over ten years so with a Utters tour just finished he found the time between crawling under houses in his 9-5 job and his other projects to get 'Sisu' recorded. It seems that every punk rock band vocalist fancies himself as a country singer at the moment ( must say though I'm a big fan of the majority of them) and while I'm sure for most its a way to pay the bills with the workrate that the Swingin' Utters keep up and holding down a day job I'm amazed Darius has found the time.
The first of the albums tracks is 'Fond Of, Lost To' and sees Darius start off with one of the albums most standout tracks with fast strumming acoustic guitar and a country twang. Don't make the mistake of thinking the whole album is full of foot tappers though as he follows up with 'Empty Thing', a 50s inspired croon, while 'On Leaving' comes across as a 40's inspired folk number.
No musical stone is left unturned and 'Listen!' is over virtually as soon as it begins with a jaunty wee tune while 'The Sound Of Waves' slows it down and is one of the first tracks on this album that was written back in 1999. Darius only got the inspiration to finally record the track when he realised he had enough songs and the motivation to record an album.
"I've been seriously really frustrated and tortured about this for a really long time, and I was procrastinating to the point where it really got depressing, I've been meaning to do something for the last seven or eight years"
'Paper Tigers, Plastic Lions' is another standout track in the sense that yes its a great song but also because of the violin, organ and piano make up of the track and the haunting gothic-folk undertones that reminded me of English folk-pop group The Band Of Holy Joy. 'Howls From The Gale' livens up again with the foot tapping back again and this time head nodding added! At last the accordian gets an airing in the flyaway 'Sidewalk Serenade' and the celticness is not far away. A beautiful instrumental backed by a gently strummed guitar. It could explode any minute into celtic punk but I suppose we'll have to wait for the next Dirty Thieving Bastards album for that.
'Bells' is possibly the albums first foray into what could be described as a traditional country song. Even then there's enough going on to mix in several genres as well. 'Do Nothin' is a speedy folky number about doing anything rather that go to work. 'Contacts And Contracts' is another song that was originally written back in 1999 and shows that things haven't changed much in the years since. I have to say even though I like the whole album its the faster tracks that really got to me and 'Show Me The Way' is a perfect example. Fast guitar, tuneful and catchy chorus and a country twang that doesn't go too far but far enough you could still squeeze the phrase 'Honky Tonk' in there somewhere! 'So Help Me' slows it all down with just the guitar and voice before another class song jumps out and the Sun Records era 'Tension Tank' comes fast and furious at you and The Man In Black will I am sure be tapping his toes with a huge grin. The final track is 'Everybody Leaves' and brings down the curtain with a slow and beautifully heartfelt song that is the standout of the LP's slower paced songs.
"I'm always just passing through, I'm always on the move"
This record stands as a tribute to Darius versatility. 'Sisu' boasts all the hallmarks of a Swingin' Utters record but laid out in a style which can be appreciated by both fans of his punk band and his celtic-punk band and also people who had never heard of him. Highly original while at the same time showing a respect to the traditions that came before. Encompassing country, blues, acoustic, indie, bluegrass and both American and Irish folk music its his sincere approach to music coupled with him being an amazingly talented musician and his wonderful poetic lyrics that make this album a must have.
FatWreckRecords


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: git clone fails with "packfile cannot be accessed" I'm trying to clone the kernel, but git clone fails with this:
$ git clone https://github.com/torvalds/linux.git
Cloning into 'linux'...
remote: Counting objects: 5394786, done.
remote: Compressing objects: 100% (6010/6010), done.
remote: fatal: packfile ./objects/pack/pack-739267fbbad35d713a4648c227cd63f8a926bd0d.pack cannot be accessed
remote: aborting due to possible repository corruption on the remote side.
fatal: early EOF
fatal: index-pack failed

I tried googling it but none of the suggested solutions solved it for me. Any ideas?

A: I just tried and i got the data on my system.
Check your .gitconfig , there could be some unnecessary mal-function . Or simply just reinstall the git , this will fix you problem.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Revenue for Pariglasgene brecaparvovec by Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical is expected to have a CAGR of 18.03% through 2038. How does that impact the rNPV of the drug?
Pariglasgene brecaparvovec is a Gene Therapy owned by Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical, and is involved in 3 clinical trials, of which 1 was completed, and 2 are ongoing.
DTX-401 activates the G6pase enzyme in the body. The inherited gene mutation resulting in altered glycogen metabolism and glucose homeostasis ultimately leads to the glycogen storage disease. The therapy restores the production of the glucose-6-phosphatase enzyme. The absence of G6pase activity in liver cells leads to the inability to convert glycogen to glucose leading to a deficiency in normal metabolic function and hypoglycemia. The therapy enhances the activity of G6pase and suppress the disease severity.
The revenue for Pariglasgene brecaparvovec is expected to reach a total of $1.3bn through 2038. This change impacts the valuation of this asset and is an important factor to understand the current value of the drug in a clinical process. View the complete picture with the Pariglasgene brecaparvovec NPV Report.
Pariglasgene brecaparvovec was originated by Dimension Therapeutics and is currently owned by Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical.
Pariglasgene brecaparvovec Overview
DTX-401 is under development for the treatment of glycogen storage disease type 1a. It is administered through intravenous route as infusion. The therapeutic comprises of adeno-associated virus vector (AAV) type 8 encoding G6PC gene. It is developed based on NAV vector technology.
Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Overview
Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical (Ultragenyx) develops novel medicines for rare and ultra-rare genetic diseases. It has three marketed products, Mepsevii (vestronidase alfa) for the treatment of Mucopolysaccharidosis (Sly syndrome); Dojolvi (triheptanoin), a highly purified, synthetic, 7-carbon fatty acid triglyceride for long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (LC-FAOD) and Crysvita (burosumab), a fully human monoclonal antibody for the treatment of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH). Its pipeline includes DTX401 for the treatment of glycogen storage disease type Ia, or GSDIa; UX701 for Wilson disease; UX053 for glycogen storage disease type III; and GTX-102 for Angelman syndrome in partnership with GeneTx. It works in partnership with various academic institutes and biotechnology companies to advance its product candidates. Ultragenyx is headquartered in Novato, California, the US.
The company reported revenues of (US Dollars) US$351.4 million for the fiscal year ended December 2021 (FY2021), an increase of 29.7% over FY2020. The operating loss of the company was US$381.7 million in FY2021, compared to an operating loss of US$330.1 million in FY2020. The net loss of the company was US$454 million in FY2021, compared to a net loss of US$186.6 million in FY2020. The company reported revenues of US$90.7 million for the third quarter ended September 2022, an increase of 1.5% over the previous quarter.
Quick View – Pariglasgene brecaparvovec
Pariglasgene brecaparvovec
Sponsor Company: Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical
Originator: Dimension Therapeutics
Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma - Global Drug Forecast and Market Analysis to 2029
Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs) - Global Drug Forecast and Market Analysis to 2030
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prophylaxis - Global Drug Forecast and Market Analysis to 2030
Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical Inc
Dimension Therapeutics Inc


Starting in January, Welcome Chinese will inaugurate a brand new alliance with Qunar, a leading online travel agency in China that merged with the giant Ctrip back in 2015. The Ctrip-Qunar union created the third top player in the OTA sector worldwide, together with Expedia and Priceline.
THE CORE OF THE DEAL – All the certified partners will be listed in Qunar's website on the basis of the info they have delivered to Welcome Chinese. In particular, hotels and restaurants will have a dedicated page, displayed both on desktop computers and on Qunar's app for mobiles. Going even further, a dedicated Welcome Chinese page will be displayed and highlighted on the website, in order to expand the awareness of the brand and its member partners. The cost of an advertisement on Qunar, usually priced at an average €40,000 per day, will be free for our partners.
A MATTER OF APPS - Founded in 2005, Qunar gained its first wave of worldwide popularity thanks to huge investments from Baidu, the most popular web browser in China. Today, Qunar and Ctrip have the two most downloaded travel apps on the Chinese mainland that, as a whole reach more than 600 million users.
NUMBERS OF QUNAR - Total revenues of Qunar for the second quarter of 2016 were €108,4 million (+17% year-on-year), with gross profit growing to €108,4 million an increase of 20.7% in the same period. The company's success lies in booking through mobile devices; in fact, revenues from this segment of the business equaled €109,6 million, (+29% year-on-year), representing 75.1% of total revenues.


I can't wait to go into vanaprastha, that stage in life when you are entitled to say "what goes of your father" to household stuff and live in a zen world. Where you don't have to do collective bargaining for all manner of decisions — what to eat, where to holiday, what colour to paint the walls, should the dog be allowed to sleep on the bed, should bedsheets be vibrantly patterned or in boring pastels and so on. In order to prepare for it, I have been taking a vacation all by myself, once a year, where I live untidily, wake up early to watch sitcoms and not worry about being slothful, and have cereal, toast and egg in the evening because quite simply, it is a much more pleasant time of day to enjoy a leisurely breakfast.
I have forever fantasised about getting old and becoming my own person again and running only my life, for me. One of the fantasies had me living on the top floor of a sprawling bungalow with the rest of the family living downstairs; entry was not with prior appointment, but by invitation only. I did manage the not-so-sprawling bungalow which I built with my brother. His explanation of what the legalese "share of undivided property" actually meant made me change my mind quickly. He said: "If you plan to dig a grave for yourself on this property, remember that for every square inch of it that is yours, there will be another square inch of it that is mine." I do love my brother very much but the thought of sharing alternate square inches of my sunset years with him did not provide me any sense of calm.
So I hunted some more and started building a little cottage near a jungle in the middle of nowhere, for my vanaprastha. It's called Shangri-La. Of course, it will have an internet connection and a satellite dish and the cell signal — all human interaction would be digital unless I desire otherwise. The rest of the family sniggered and is still sniggering, albeit a little more enviously, as the cottage is now nearing completion. They are placing bets on whether I will actually end up managing to live there in isolation. I have my secret fears as well.
I remember going on one such vanaprastha training holiday to Ladakh many years ago. I told my daughter, "Maybe I will find a Buddhist monastery and stay there, because running this house and coping with all of you makes me want to run away." She was young enough to be distressed at the thought of home with no mom in it, and she asked her dad worriedly whether mama would actually carry out her threat. He said, "Don't worry, she has too little discipline, she won't survive a monastery for more than 10 minutes". I was miffed when I heard this. It so happened that I did visit a lovely monastery in Ladakh, and as I was on the terrace at noon admiring the view, the gong went off and I ignored it. An old monk came up the stairs and bolted the terrace door that led to the stairs. I panicked, shouted to him as I saw him go below that I needed to get out. "Wait till 3," he gestured.
The thought of being marooned on the terrace of a monastery for three hours, with no food and not a soul in sight, had me in tears. A toothless young boy in ochre robes saw me on the terrace shouting frantically and he came up, unlocked the door and let me out. I didn't tell anybody at home or even remind myself of this story for many years. But now I believe that I am older and wiser and emotionally ready to walk my talk.
"What will you do if Modi wins?" I had asked my husband, before the election results. "Take vanaprastha," he promptly replied. "Where?" I asked suspiciously. "In Shangri-La," he responded cheerfully. Then my daughter messaged me and said the endless television talking heads yelling at each other and the reruns of hectoring speeches and the Facebook posts from NRIs, who suddenly wanted to be a part of the voting action, were wearing her down. She ended with, "And can I take vanaprastha with you in Shangri-La?" I think if they are all headed that way, it makes sense for me to stay on in grihasta. As we used to say during my days in a market research agency, "market research is so much fun, if only it weren't for the clients".
© 2019 Rama Bijapurkar, all rights reserved.


On Friday, with the US on the verge of another government shutdown and debt ceiling breach (with the agreement reached only after the midnight hour, literally) Moody's warned Trump that he should prepare for a downgrade from the rating agency that refused to join S&P in downgrading the US back in August 2011. The reason: Trump's - and the Republicans and Democrats - aggressive fiscal policies which will sink the US even deeper into crippling debt while widening the budget deficit, resulting in "meaningful fiscal deterioration."
In short: a US downgrade due to Trumponomics appears inevitable. And incidentally, with Friday's 2-year debt ceiling extension, it means that once total US debt resets - unburdened by the debt ceiling - it will be at or just shy of $21 trillion.
Now, following today's release of the White House budget proposal from the Office of the Management and Budget, Moody's will have even greater motivation to downgrade the US as according to the forecast, total US debt is projected to rise from $20.5 trillion today to an unprecedented $29.9 trillion in 2028.
As the next chart shows, the Trump deficit, which is surely on the optimistic side with its projections, anticipates total US debt rising by over $1 trillion for the next 5 years, until 2022, then gradually declining to only $352BN annual increase in 2028.
The good news, as noted earlier, is that Trump's proposal, which calls for higher spending on military and immigration enforcement and abandons the GOP goal of balancing the budget over decade, is expected to be ignored by Congress. What is unknown is what alternative Congress will come up with, and how much higher the 2028 debt total will end up being.
For now the 10Y does not appear especially concerned, although with a debt-busting recession guaranteed in the next 10 years, it is a virtual certainty that the total debt number in 10 years will be substantially higher than what is projected above.


Our Snake Arm Cuff is one of the most wanted ancient jewelry models in our collections. A snake arm cuff is ideal for a fantastic summer look, Egyptian costumes, or elegant oufits as a bold accent. 'Feel the power of the snake in your own skin wearing our amazing silver sterling arm cuff'. The arm cuff's size can be slightly adjusted to the arm.


text:
2020 Presidential Preference Primary Ballot Set
Secretary of State Tre Hargett on Tuesday certified the names of three Republican and 16 Democrat presidential candidates for the March 3 Super Tuesday presidential preference primary.
On Super Tuesday, Tennessee will join 13 states to help decide who will be the next president of the United States.
The following candidates will be on the March 3 ballot:
Republican Primary Ballot
Democratic Primary Ballot
Michael Bennet
Julián Castro
John K. Delaney
As certified candidates for the presidential preference primary, these candidates are unable to appear on the Nov. 3 general election ballot as the nominee of a different political party.
"This primary will determine which candidates will represent these two political parties on the November ballot for our country's highest elected office," said Secretary Hargett. "I hope every eligible Tennessean will register to vote or make sure their voter registration is updated by the Feb. 3 voter registration deadline. It is easy to register to vote or update existing voter records by visiting our online voter registration system at GoVoteTN.com."
The deadline for 2020 presidential delegate candidates to file a petition to be elected is noon Dec. 12. Delegate candidates are not considered qualified unless the Division of Elections receives a letter from a presidential campaign authorizing the delegate candidate to run.
Both the Tennessee Republican Party and the Tennessee Democratic Party have their own rules about selecting presidential delegates. Republican presidential delegates are decided by an election, coordinated through the division of elections. Party rules determine Democratic presidential delegates. For more information, visit www.sos.tn.gov/products/elections/qualifying-procedures-presidential-delegates.


text:
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European Organisation of Military Associations
and Trade Unions
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Looking Back on the Recent Past!
Maebh — December 20, 2021
Looking back on 2021, it cannot be denied that the pandemic, just like it did in 2020, took a lot out of all of us. COVID-19 has demanded a lot from society in general, but over the past period the pandemic has, in addition to the numerous health workers in …
Priorities of the French Presidency of the EU Council
Dimitra Koutouzi — December 13, 2021
On 1 January 2022, France takes over the Presidency of the Council of the European Union. The Presidency rotates every 6 months and will be held by France in the first half of 2022. The Presidency's priorities circulate around three main themes: Europe's sovereignty Climate, Social and Digital transition Europe …
EUROMIL welcomes the EU's Strategic Compass for Security and Defence
Dimitra Koutouzi — November 22, 2021
EUROMIL welcomes the first draft of the Strategic Compass for security and defence. The Compass is aiming at providing a common strategic vision and guidelines to the Member States to become more able and capable in anticipating threats as hybrid, cyber-attacks and climate change. According to the latest information, the …
We Have a Problem – But We Can Be Part of the Solution!
Maebh — August 19, 2021
Photo: DBwV In recent weeks, several European countries and regions have been wrecked by apocalyptic floods and forest fires. Once again, we are painfully confronted with the destructive effects of climate change. There is no longer any doubt that these situations will occur more and more often. In 2019, the …
EUROMIL held its 123rd Presidium Meeting and 6th Congress
Jacob_Emmanuel — April 28, 2021
Delegates elect a new Board and discuss racism and far-right extremism at the 123rd Presidium Meeting and 6th Congress of EUROMIL. On 22-23 April 2021, over 60 delegates from EUROMIL member associations across Europe participated in the 123rd Presidium Meeting and 6th Congress of EUROMIL. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, …
Stop the Irresponsible Violence!
Maebh — March 29, 2021
Let me from the outset make clear that what follows is my personal opinion which is written in my capacity as a committed citizen and as a defender of human rights, fundamental freedoms and their key values. What follows is not a EUROMIL position on which we formally or internally …
Handling the COVID-19 Pandemic in the European Armed Forces
Maebh — February 25, 2021
Hardly anyone would have believed one year ago that today, in early 2021, we are still dealing with a virus that is difficult to control despite the continued global efforts to contain it. The virus and the accompanying pandemic have been regulating or disrupting our society and everyone's individual life …
Euromil NewsHighlight post
The Same Duties, The Same Risks?
Maebh — January 19, 2021
As the COVID-19 pandemic approaches one year since its initial outbreak, a glimmer of hope has appeared on the horizon: the rollout of vaccines across EU Member States, in December 2020, is a bright light at the end of what was an incredibly dark year. Giving her official approval before …
2020 Annus Horribilis?
Jacob_Emmanuel — December 14, 2020
Traditionally, at the end of the year, we look back at the past 12 months and try to look ahead to what the new year might have in store for us. At the end of 2019, we did so in an article entitled "More of the same in 2020?". No …
122nd Presidium Meeting and Extraordinary Congress
Jacob_Emmanuel — October 29, 2020
On 22 and 23 October 2020, delegates from member and observer associations of EUROMIL participated in a virtual Extraordinary Congress and the 122nd Presidium Meeting. EUROMIL holds Presidium Meetings twice every year. The Presidium approves the policy of the Board and provides impetus for the prospective further development of EUROMIL …
Follow EUROMIL on Twitter
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The European Organisation of Military Associations and Trade Unions (EUROMIL) is an umbrella organisation composed of military associations and trade unions. It is the main Europe-wide forum for cooperation among professional military associations on issues of common concern.
EUROMIL strives to secure and advance the human rights, fundamental freedoms and socio-professional interests of military personnel of all ranks in Europe. It promotes the concept of "Citizen in Uniform". As such, a soldier is entitled to the same rights and obligations as any other citizen. EUROMIL particularly calls for recognition of the right of servicemen and -women to form and join trade unions and independent associations and for their inclusion in a regular social dialogue by the authorities.
EUROMIL aisbl
(European Organisation of Military Associations
and Trade Unions)
Boulevard du Roi Albert II 5, B 1
B – 1210 Brussels
BELGIUM*
*Address as of 1 October 2021
Email : euromil@euromil.org
N° Ent.: 0538.809.759
RPM: Brussels
President: Emmanuel JACOB
Vice-President: Jörg GREIFFENDORF
Treasurer: Ton de ZEEUW
Select list(s):
Agence web Deligraph


text:
De 4e Screen Actors Guild Awards, waarbij prijzen werden uitgereikt voor uitstekende acteerprestaties in film en televisie voor het jaar 1997, gekozen door de leden van de Screen Actors Guild, vonden plaats op 8 maart 1998 in het Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. De prijs voor de volledige carrière werd uitgereikt aan Elizabeth Taylor.

Film

De winnaars staan bovenaan in vet lettertype.

Cast in een film
Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
 The Full Monty
 Boogie Nights
 Good Will Hunting
 L.A. Confidential
 Titanic

Mannelijke acteur in een hoofdrol
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role
 Jack Nicholson - As Good as It Gets
 Matt Damon - Good Will Hunting
 Robert Duvall - The Apostle
 Peter Fonda - Ulee's Gold
 Dustin Hoffman - Wag the Dog

Vrouwelijke acteur in een hoofdrol
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role
 Helen Hunt - As Good as It Gets
 Helena Bonham Carter - The Wings of the Dove
 Judi Dench - Mrs. Brown
 Pam Grier - Jackie Brown
 Kate Winslet - Titanic
 Robin Wright Penn - She's So Lovely

Mannelijke acteur in een bijrol
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role
 Robin Williams - Good Will Hunting
 Billy Connolly - Mrs. Brown
 Anthony Hopkins - Amistad
 Greg Kinnear - As Good as It Gets
 Burt Reynolds - Boogie Nights

Vrouwelijke acteur in een bijrol
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Supporting Role
 Kim Basinger - L.A. Confidential
 Gloria Stuart - Titanic
 Minnie Driver - Good Will Hunting
 Alison Elliott - The Wings of the Dove
 Julianne Moore - Boogie Nights

Televisie

De winnaars staan bovenaan in vet lettertype.

Ensemble in een dramaserie
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Drama Series
 ER
 Chicago Hope
 Law & Order
 NYPD Blue
 The X-Files

Mannelijke acteur in een dramaserie
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
 Anthony Edwards - ER
 David Duchovny - The X-Files
 Dennis Franz - NYPD Blue
 Jimmy Smits - NYPD Blue
 Sam Waterston - Law & Order

Vrouwelijke acteur in een dramaserie
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series
 Julianna Margulies - ER
 Gillian Anderson - The X-Files
 Kim Delaney - NYPD Blue
 Christine Lahti - Chicago Hope
 Della Reese - Touched by an Angel

Ensemble in een komedieserie
Outstanding Performance by an Ensemble in a Comedy Series
 Seinfeld
 3rd Rock from the Sun
 Ally McBeal
 Frasier
 Mad About You

Mannelijke acteur in een komedieserie
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Comedy Series
 John Lithgow - 3rd Rock from the Sun
 Jason Alexander - Seinfeld
 Kelsey Grammer - Frasier
 David Hyde Pierce - Frasier
 Michael Richards - Seinfeld

Vrouwelijke acteur in een komedieserie
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Comedy Series
 Julia Louis-Dreyfus - Seinfeld
 Kirstie Alley - Veronica's Closet
 Ellen DeGeneres - Ellen
 Calista Flockhart - Ally McBeal
 Helen Hunt - Mad About You

Mannelijke acteur in een miniserie of televisiefilm
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries
 Gary Sinise - George Wallace
 Jack Lemmon - 12 Angry Men
 Sidney Poitier - Mandela and De Klerk
 Ving Rhames - Don King: Only in America
 George C. Scott - 12 Angry Men

Vrouwelijke acteur in een miniserie of televisiefilm
Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Television Movie or Miniseries
 Alfre Woodard - Miss Evers' Boys
 Glenn Close - In the Gloaming
 Faye Dunaway - The Twilight of the Golds
 Sigourney Weaver - Snow White: A Tale of Terror
 Mare Winningham - George Wallace

Externe links
 Screen Actors Guild Awards
 Screen Actors Guild Awards 1998 in de Internet Movie Database

04
Screen Actors Guild Award

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: How to create ionic 2 infinite scroll with data from database I'd query about 500 users from database who are active. I am using laravel and ionic framework.
Here is my query using laravel.
public function getUsers(Request $request) {
  $users = DB::table('users')->where('status', $request->status)->get();
  return Response::json($users);
}

Here might be my .ts code in ionic 2
import { Component } from '@angular/core';
import { Http, Headers, RequestOptions } from "@angular/http";

@Component({
  selector: 'page-users',
  templateUrl: 'users.html'
})
export class UsersPage {

  users: any = [];

  constructor(
    private http: Http
  ) {
    var headers = new Headers();
    headers.append("Accept", 'application/json');
    headers.append('Content-Type', 'application/json' );
    let options = new RequestOptions({ headers: headers });
    let data = { 'status': 'active'}
    this.http.post('http://path/to/laravel/api/getUsers', data, options)
    .subscribe(res => {
      var jsonData = JSON.parse(res['_body']);
      this.users = jsonData;
    })
  }
  doInfinite(infiniteScroll) {
    // How can I do infinite scroll here???
    setTimeout(() => {
      infiniteScroll.complete();
    }, 1000);
  }
}

I am able to get the 500 active users and display it on my view.
However, It is a kind of laggy because there are too many data query at once.
I want to create infinite scroll to optimize the query. But, I don't know how to implement that in ionic 2.
I want atleast 10 users to be query everytime I scroll. Answers are appreciated.

A: I'll just pull off one of my codes and replace some variable names. Hopefully it will make sense and be helpfull:
Assuming you have this on your html:
<ion-infinite-scroll (ionInfinite)="fetchMore($event)">
    <ion-infinite-scroll-content></ion-infinite-scroll-content>
</ion-infinite-scroll>

You will need something like this on your .ts:
fetchMore(event) {
    this.myService.getMoreItems(10/*number of items to fetch*/,this.collection.length/*you might need to send the "skip" value*/).then(
      (moreItems: any[]) => {
        if (moreItems.length > 0) {
          this.collection = this.collection.concat(moreItems);
        }
        event.complete();
      },
      (err) => {
        event.complete();
      }
    );
  }

The myService.getMoreItems part will be your service/provider that has the function, return type is a Promise<any>, that will make the Http Request. I think you got the idea.


text:
Q: How to deploy Node project to elastic beanstalk and make it work with nginx? I've made a simple Node server that respond to a simple website on a separate project. I've tested them on my localhost and they both work perfectly (CORS working). So, I decided to upload them to AWS being the Node project on elastic beanstalk and the website to S3. The website works, makes the request to the elastic beanstalk environment but it doesn't get an answer (time out). By the elastic beanstalk logs I can see the Node server started without a problem but it doesn't receive the requests. So I figured it out that the problem is probably on nginx that I didn't make any changes (only the default created by aws). How do I make the nginx forward the request to the Node server correctly?
I've tried adding some config to .ebextensions folder but it didn't work (not sure if I did it right).
Also, nginx error.log prints:
2015/11/24 03:23:01 [warn] 15214#0: duplicate MIME type "text/html" in /etc/nginx/conf.d/00_elastic_beanstalk_proxy.conf:42 that I've tried to solve unsuccessfully.
Thanks.

A: The problem is not your elastic beanstalk. It's your nginx problem inside your instance. I'm guessing you are deploying the nodejs express application. So, what you should do is to ssh -i <pemfile> <ec2user>@<host> into your instance. And change your nginx configuration. Based on what people has discussed in this: duplicate MIME type "text/html"
Just remove text/html in gzip_types, because nginx has it installed by default.


text:
Game Abyss CounterSpy
CounterSpy
CounterSpy is a side-scrolling stealth video game developed by Dynamighty.[2] It was published by Sony Computer Entertainment as a cross-buy and cross-save title for the PlayStation 3, PlayStation 4, and PlayStation Vita.[3] An Android and iOS release is planned for an unknown date. The games received a mixture of average and positive reviews. It was mostly praised for the art and soundtrack of the game.
Publisher: Sony
Developer: Dynamighty
Platforms: Sony Playstation Vita PlayStation Network (PS3) iPhone iPad Android PlayStation Network (Vita) PlayStation 4
Genres: Stealth Action Shooter
Flashback: The Quest For Identity


text:
Lîle Ben Ure est une île de l'État de Washington aux États-Unis appartenant administrativement à Camp Murray.

Description

Elle s'étend sur plus de  de longueur pour une largeur d'environ . Il y a un ponton sur l'île et quelques habitations.

Il est possible de louer l'île pour une nuit.

Notes et références

Liens externes
 Vue satellite

Île dans l'État de Washington


text:
calderongrande13
Posted on December 8, 2012 by calderongrande13
Should other country get involved in humanitarian intervention? Humanitarian means when there is a concern for human welfare in a country. Intervention is when a country gets involved into an affair issue another country. In the article "Humanitarian Intervention: Whom to Protect, Whom to protect" by Michael Elliott states, "The U.N. has adopted as a norm of international affairs the "responsibility to protect," which contemplates the possibility of armed intervention when a state shows itself unable or unwilling to prevent grave human rights abuses". (Elliott, 2011) The United Nation is one of the organizations that gets involve into human welfare. They protect the country from the struggle they are facing. Then United Nations may not get involved into the war but it could protect human rights. In my opinion humanitarian intervention should be allowed because a country may not be able to take control of the situation. For example if an regime or rebel is harming people in the country then other country should be allowed to help the people if they are able to take control of the situation. Many people disagree because they may think that it's the country problem and not ours; United Sates. At the same time as a whole country there are already issues in one country that needs to be fixed first then helping others. People in the country that are not able to control the situation may have a different opinion when another country gets involve in their situation. Many people in the United States worry about the country issues coming to the states. I think that if the United Nations is able to help other country and the people they should be allowed to get involved into protecting the people.
Story line of "A long way gone"
Posted on November 24, 2012 by calderongrande13
Overall of the book "A long way gone" by Ishmael was a great story of losing his family becoming a child solider and recovery from his trauma. There are many other stories that have gone through similar situation of having to deal with oneself and family such as Hotel Rwanda. In the story of Ishmael the rebels had taken over the villages and the government at the same time they were capturing young children into child solider. Ishmael had lost his family during the war and was captured by the army base and became a child solider to fight against the rebels. As a child solider he used drugs and weapons as to joining the army base. Towards the end of the story he was taken to Freetown by the UN to a rehabilitation center. After the rehabilitation he moved with his uncle and the rebel's war went to Freetown. He escaped the war and was adopted by women in New York City.
In the Hotel Rwanda Paul Rusesabagina had faced that he was the only hutu in his family and his wife and kids were tutsi. The hutu were killing the tusi generation and community. Paul working in the Hotel Rwanda he tries to help many people that were tutsi people by believing the UN would help them out with the situation. The United Nation did not help at first because they could not be involved with the war with hutu and tusi but at the end of the movie they helped many people. The way that Untied Nation helped the people in the Hotel Rwanda was by only selecting some family members to take them to the United Nation base. In my personal experience I had asked my family members if there was any war back home in El Salvador. My family member told me that there people who were against the government that started a war. The people that were against the government were recruiting young boys from the age of 12 years old to join them to fight against the government. Many young boys were taken when they were at school or forced out of their house. My family had said that a movie that talks about this war are "Innocent Voices" that shows the war in El Salvador. All three stories show the trauma that each country had to deal with a personal experience.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYwuXvA589A
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x6xwPYpdeAk
Child Solider
Beah had written a book about his experience of being a child solider. From what I had recalled from the text book he was only 12 years old when the Revolutionary United front attacked his village and was separated from his family. As he became a child solider to fight the rebels; the reason he join the army base was to be in a safe environment then getting killed. In the article "Ex-child-soldier: 'Shooting became just like drinking a glass of water" by Errol Barnett, CNN says that his family was killed during the civil war. Barnett explain that, "Beah's progress was so impressive that in 1996 he was selected to go to the United Nations and speak to a conference led by Graca Machel, Nelson Mandela's wife, on the plight of child soldiers." (Barnett, 2012) He was an important person to interview in order to know the experience of child solider. In the article it also had explained that he had met "Laura Sims" a UNICEF worker who had adopted him at the age of 17 years old. She brought him to the United States when there was a "Conflict in Freetown in 1998." (Barnett, 2012) When Beah was in the United States he was enrolled in the United Nations school of New York. He then got a Political science degree in 2004 from graduate school in Oberlin College in Ohio.
I had found another article, "The Perfect Weapon for the Meanest Wars" by Jeffrey Gettleman that talk about child solider in Mozambique. In the article it said "Rebel commanders had constructed a four-foot tall killing machine that cut its way through village after village and nearly overran the government." (Gettleman, 2007) The rebels had control over the government of Mozambique and involved children into the rebels. The children were an easy source to get them into the war to fight and kill. By getting children into the rebels it was a way to make a bigger population to fight with the government. Many of these children were forced to fight in the civil war and to use drugs just like the Beah experience. In the article it had stated that "There are 300,000 child soldiers worldwide and experts say the problem is deepening as the nature of conflict itself changes especially in Africa." (Gettleman, 2007) In today society there many children that are being forced in child solider even with the rebels or army base in africa. In both occasions it has similar issues of having children into child solider. I believe that some children are able to recover from the trauma but the majority children won't recover from the trauma of being a solider.
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/29/weekinreview/29gett.html?pagewanted=all
http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/08/world/africa/ishmael-beah-child-soldier/index.html
China textile industry
Posted on October 26, 2012 by calderongrande13
China has become one of the largest manufacturing of cotton in the globe. China buys the cotton from the United States and makes goods and services from the cotton. Then the United States or other countries buy those goods and service from China. In the book of "The Travel of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy" by Piesta Rivoli said, "it is also projected to soon produce more than 40 percent of the world's cotton textiles. Cotton was America's eighth largest export to china in 2007, and U.S cotton exports to china more than tripled between 2000 and 2007." (Rivoli) After China has brought the cotton from the United States, they would make stuff like T-Shirts, socks, jeans, or any other material. China is known to make material from the cotton and would export those materials to other countries. The way that China has the way of making a manufacture setting is by having employees to do the job. People that work in this factories do not enough money but a low pay for working.
In the article of "THE COTTON SECTOR IN CHINA" says "Cotton is a pillar agricultural commodity in many regions, and benefits a large rural population. Cotton is also an important raw material in the textile industry. The cotton textile industry is the biggest sector, with over 10 million workers in China, while textiles and garments are the most important export commodities." (THE COTTON SECTOR IN CHINA) China is a country that has the largest production in fabric and is the best export for goods and services. The cotton has brought business within China and United States. A way of producing the fabric is by having advance technology. The workers in the textile industry would use machines to help thread the cotton and created to a product. China makes more profit when buying the cotton from United States and selling it back to the United States when an item is into fabric.
Pietra Rivoli. (2009) The Travels of T-shirt in the Global Economy.
http://www.unep.ch/etu/publications/Synth_China.PDF
Cotton Plantation Market
In the book of "The travels of a T-Shirt in the Global economy" by Petra Rivoli explains the manufacture of a T-shirt made out of cotton. The Arthur travels to find to get information of the cotton market of the way a T-shirt is made out of cotton by traveling to different countries. The production of the cotton market has steps of producing and using cotton into the environment. First the farmer has to grow the cotton, take out the seeds from the cotton and turning it into fabric or any other use. For example cutting and making a T-shirt in which it would go into a market and be sold to companies or customers. In order to have a cotton production the person needs to have labor work, technology, land, and customer that would buy the cotton.
In the 18th century there was cotton slave plantation in order to grow the market of cotton. In the book it stated, "The United States has historically occupied first place in cotton production, cotton exports, farm size and yields per acre." (Rivoli, 2009, Pg 5) In the United Sates it was the leader of cotton production around the world in the 18th century. The reason is that the U.S has land, slaves, and advance technology in order to have the cotton manufactures to make business all over the world. In the article of "Cotton and Southern Slavery" by Historical Boy's Clothing explain that during the industrial revolution it had made an impact in the modern life in the 18th century. In the 18th century "Ely Whitney's" (Historical Boy's Clothing, 2007, Paragraph 1) was the person that has created a technology name "Cotton gin." (Historical Boy's Clothing, 2007, Paragraph 1) By the new technology of the cotton gin it was a way of cleaning out the seeds from the cotton. If the producers of the cotton have technology and labor work to manufacture cotton it would advance the cotton market.
Cited work
http://histclo.com/act/work/slave/us/plan/cot-slave.html
Posted on October 6, 2012 by calderongrande13
The United Nations General Assembly is one of the six principal structures of the United Nations and which all member nations are equal representation. On 3 November 1950, the General Assembly adopted resolution 377 A (V), in which the title "Uniting for Peace". The approval of this resolution was a response to Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) to take away any determination by the Security Council in order to have protection in the Republic of Korea with the aggression against the military forces from North Korea. The Security Council was able to commend the participated of the United Nations to provide assistance to the Republic of Korea as necessary to repel the armed attack and international peace and security in the area of Korea. The resolution had passed because the USSR of boycotted the meetings of the Security Council with the allocation of the permanent Chinese seat to the communist Government in Beijing.
In the United for peace resolution, UNSC would not maintain international peace. It was an issue by the general assembly. There is four generation of peacekeeping. The first generation is traditional, physical barrier between the opponents. The second generation is peace building, also includes a police function. The third generation is peace enforcement, including low-level of military operations. The fourth generation is delegated peacekeeping to original organization. In the general assembly the presidency rotates every year within five people of states. The first committee in the general assembly is disarmament and international security. The second committee is economic and financial issues. The final committee, social humanitarian and cultural issues. The general assembly has six principles of organs in 1945: SC, ECOSOC, trusteeship, council, ICJ, and secretariat.
http://untreaty.un.org/cod/avl/ha/ufp/ufp.html
Neoconservative
Posted on September 21, 2012 by calderongrande13
Neoconservative means "A conservative who advocates the assertive promotion of democracy and United States national interest in international affairs including through military means." (Dictionary.com) Constructivist argues that transnational norms are powerful restriction of action in world politics. An example is Nuclear weapons are the most powerful weapon in the human history but they have not been used in many years. Constructivists believe that this exist in global society by government wanting to avoid by other actors in the international globe.
In the article "Republicans, in Search of a Foreign Policy" by Brian Katuclis the way it coneects to International affairs is that in the article believe that neoconservatives is not only divided over security strategy but the conservative is fractured over government spending and defense budget. In the Domestic politics institutions, the state public opinion pressures can affect forging policy and national security initiatives. Romney says in the article that he would do things differently than presidents Obama in Egypt, in which it is America's support for democratic transitions around the world. He believes that president Obama should go more detailed of strengthen military cooperation with Israel. The bureaucratic politics have modeled foreign and security policies of the outcome of "Pulling and Hauling" of multiple organizations with different agencies. Many organization theorists claim that political institutions are like "Organized anarchies" by bureaucratic entrepreneurs are looking for problems rather than converse.
http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/01/opinion/romney-is-caught-between-neoconservatives-and-neo-isolationists.html?pagewanted=2
Economic crisis with China
The way that realism and liberalism would explain the US Chinese relation is by the article of "China's U.S. Debt Holdings Aren't Threat, Pentagon Says" by Tony Capaccio and Daniel Kruger. In which it talks about the debt that the US have and has borrow money from China. China is one of the richest countries in the world. China had borrowed United States an estimate of $1 trillion to the United Sates. The theories that could be used in the case of USA owning money to China are the realism theories empirical, normative, and critical thinking theories. In the stand point of liberalism it seems that the United States wants to pay the debt by trying to come up with an agreement with China to pay the debt off. The way that this article connects to international affairs is a global issue of politic and especially in 2012 because of the election.
This issue concerns the United Sates because at any time China could declare war with the United States. In the article of "The Return of China Neocons: 2012 US Elections" by Dan Steinbock says "In the U.S. 2012 election, China's continued growth, amidst U.S. and Eurozone debt crises, and the issue of fair trade policies, has raised concerns among U.S. policymakers." In the impact of neo-conservation talks about the debt that the United has and have concerns of United Sates policymakers. The way that this article is connected to international affairs is that the 2012 election in the United Sates is important of whoever is selected to be president and the action that the president would take from the economic crisis
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-09-11/china-s-u-s-debt-holdings-aren-t-threat-pentagon-says.html
http://www.chinausfocus.com/political-social-development/the-return-of-china-neocons-2012-us-elections/
Theories of International Politics and Zombies
Posted on September 8, 2012 by calderongrande13
In the natural sources in the world of politics there are terrorist, disasters, climate change, financial crisis, and global cyber warfare. The zombie invasion theories of international politics predict that the dead would rise from the grave and feast. The U.S secretary of defense "Donald Rumsfled name the zombie the "Unknown unknowns" in the international security. The international relations have a concern over nation and states. Another concern for nation and states is gaining power. The assumptions of the realist are anarchy of overarching the world politics and the absence of a centralized and legitimate authority. The realist predicts that one state amasses more power the other states will have a balance from that state and prevent dominating everyone. An example is that the United States is over at Afghanistan trying to find oil to bring to the United States. In the present time the United States control over Afghanistan but does not really know why they are there anymore because there is no oil to be found. I do believe that international system is characterized by anarchy because there are many countries that want power over other countries and want the goods and service from that particular country. An example of buckpassing is when 9/11 had happen in the United Sates. There was an airplane that hit the twin tours and many innocent people had died. There was another airplane that was on its way to destroy the white house because of President Bush decision of going to Middle East to find oil.


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Steven R. "Fuzzy" Mahmod
Steven R. "Fuzzy" Mahmod, 48, of Chelton Street, Lower William Penn, Shenandoah, passed away Wednesday evening at Geisinger Medical Center, Danville.
Born in Shenandoah, May 11, 1967, he was a son of Ruth Shistel Mahmod, Ashland, formerly of William Penn, and the late Raymond K. "Ray" Mahmod.
Steve was a 1985 graduate of Shenandoah Valley High School.
Earlier he worked as a parts professional for Advance Auto Parts, Shenandoah, and he was last employed at Lowe's Distribution Center.
He was of the Protestant faith.
Fuzzy was an avid drag racing fan. He enjoyed working on cars, talking on his CB radio, listening to music and riding his ATV.
In addition to his father, he was preceded in death by two brothers, Christopher A. and John A. Mahmod.
Surviving, in addition to his mother, are his wife, the former Colleen Clark; a daughter, Melinda Mahmod, and a son, Matthew Mahmod, both of Girardville; aunts, uncles, cousins and many friends.
Religious services will be held at 11 a.m. Monday at Walukiewicz-Oravitz Fell Funeral Home, 132 S. Jardin St., Shenandoah. Pastor Peggy Reed of the William Penn United Methodist Church will officiate. Interment will follow in Odd Fellows Cemetery, Shenandoah Heights. Relatives and friends may call 9 to 11 a.m. Monday at the funeral home.
Walukiewicz-Oravitz Fell Funeral Home, Shenandoah, is in charge of the arrangements.
Steven R. "Fuzzy" Mahmod Has 2 Condolences Posted:
andrew kane says:
My condolences to all his family members I haven't seen fuzzy in years, but I know he was an awesome friend as a kid growing up. May he rest in peace God bless
Traci Mitchell says:
I'm so sorry for your loss. Steve was a nice guy and a good friend.
© 2020 Walukiewicz-Oravitz Fell Funeral Home. All rights reserved.


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Orchard Orbweaver, Orchard Spider Leucauge argyrobapta (White), Leucauge venusta (Walckenaer) (Arachnida: Araneae: Tetragnathidae)1
Donald W. Hall 2
The orchard orbweavers, Leucauge argyrobapta (White) (Figure 1) and Leucauge venusta (Walckenaer), are attractive small spiders and collectively are some of the most common spiders in the eastern US. The name orchard orbweaver is the common name accepted by the American Arachnological Society Committee on Common Names of Arachnids (Breen 2003) for these species, but they have also been called simply orchard spiders (Kaston and Kaston 1953, Levi and Levi 2002). Orchard orbweavers belong to the family Tetragnathidae, the longjawed orbweavers (Levi and Hormiga 2017, World Spider Catalog 2018).
Figure 1. Female orchard orbweaver, Leucauge argyrobapta (White). (Spider removed from web for photography).
Credit: Donald W. Hall, UF/IFAS
Synonymy and Nomenclature
Synonyms for Leucauge venusta (Walckenaer):
Epeira venusta Walckenaer (1841)
Epeira hortorum Hentz (1847)
Argyroepeira hortorum Emerton (1884)
Argyroepeira venusta McCook (1893)
Leucauge (Argyroepeira) mabelae Archer (1951)
Linyphia (Leucauge) argyrobapta White (1841)
See Levi (1980, p. 25) for additional information on synonymy.
Historically, the distribution of Leucauge venusta (Walckenaer) was considered to range from Canada to Brazil. However, based on significant differences in DNA barcoding of populations, Ballesteros and Hormiga (2018) have proposed restricting the name venusta to temperate populations (Canada and the United States north of Florida) and removing argyrobapta from junior synonymy to designate Florida populations from those throughout the remaining range of distribution to Brazil, which apparently comprise a cryptic species. According to Dimitrov and Hormiga (2010), Linyphia (Leucauge) argyrobapta is the type species of the genus Leucauge. Preliminary DNA barcoding data suggest that Leucauge argyrobapta may contain at least three additional cryptic species (Ballesteros and Hormiga 2018).
Leucauge argyrobapta is found in Florida and southward through the tropics to Brazil (Ballesteros and Hormiga 2018). Â Leucauge venusta, is found from Canada southward throughout the eastern half of the US to Georgia with a small disjunct population in southern California. (Figure 2). The exact dividing line (and possible overlap) of the distributions of the two species is unknown.
Figure 2. Approximate distribution map for the orchard orbweavers, Leucauge argyrobapta (White) and Leucauge venusta (Walckenaer).
Credit: Map based on Encyclopedia of Life (2018) map, Ballesteros and Hormiga (2018), and Levi (1980)
The genus name Leucauge is from Greek roots that literally mean "with a bright gleam" (Cameron 2017). Leucauge species can be differentiated from other tetragnathids by their oval bodies and reddish-orange triangular markings (Figure 3) on the ventral aspect (underside) of the abdomen. Because of the reddish-orange spots, some Leucauge species are occasionally mistaken for black widow spiders by the general public (Howell and Jenkins 2004, SpiderID 2016-2018). There are also proximal (close to the body) double rows of trichobothria (vibration-sensitive bristles) on the hind legs (Levi and Hormiga 2017) (Figure 4). The ventral reddish-orange area on males is shaped more like a transverse band (Figure 5).
Figure 3. Leucauge argyrobapta (White) female (underside). Note oval abdomen and reddish-orange triangular areas.
Figure 4. Leucauge argyrobapta (White) female. Note trichobothria.
Figure 5. Leucauge argyrobapta (White) male (underside). Note reddish-orange transverse band.
Leucauge argyrobapta and Leucauge venusta are nearly identical in appearance. There are very slight differences in the structure of the palpi of males, but the females are virtually indistinguishable (Ballesteros and Hormiga 2018). The specific epithet argyrobapta is from Greek roots that literally mean "baptized with silver" (Borror 1960). The specific epithet venusta is Latin for "charming" (Borror 1960).
Males (body length 3.5 to 4.0 mm) are smaller than females (body length 5.5 to 7.5 mm) (Edwards and Marshall 2002, Kaston and Kaston 1953), have longer legs (Figure 6) and conspicuous bulbous palpi that are much larger than those of females (Figure 7).
Figure 6. Leucauge argyrobapta (White) male and female.
Figure 7. Leucauge argyrobapta (White) male, side view. Inset: underside of cephalothorax (fused head and thorax). Note bulbous palpi.
The legs are green or greenish-black with black bands at the joints. The cephalothorax is tan. The abdomen is silvery-white with dark mid-dorsal (middle of the back), dorsolateral (area where back and sides of body meet), and lateral lines that run parallel for nearly the full length of the abdomen (Figure 8). In some specimens the mid-dorsal and dorsolateral lines are connected by transverse lines of varying thickness.
Figure 8. Leucauge argyrobapta (White) female (dorsal aspect).
There are yellow areas on the sides of the abdomen. In addition to the reddish-orange triangular ventral areas, there are dorsolateral reddish-orange spots near the end of the abdomen (Figure 9).
Figure 9. Leucauge argyrobapta (White) female (lateral aspect). (Spider removed from web for photography).
The silvery-white color is due to thin platelet-like guanine crystals (Oxford and Gillespie 1998, Alvarez-Padilla and Hormiga 2011, Gur et al. 2017) that reflect light. The dark lines and reddish-orange and yellow areas are due to overlaying pigments in the epidermis (Oxford and Gillespie 1998, Gur et al. 2017).
The only other Leucauge species in the eastern US is Leucauge argyra (Walckenaer). Leucauge argyra has dark dorsal lines on the abdomen that turn inward at a 90-degree angle at mid-abdomen. Leucauge argyra also lacks the bright reddish-orange spots of the other two species (Bradley 2013) (Figures 10 and 11). Leucauge argyra females can also be separated from those of other Leucauge species by the cone-shaped epigynum (external genital structure of female spiders) (Levi 1980). Leucauge argyra is restricted to central and southern Florida in the US (Levi 1980).
Figure 10. Leucauge argyra (Walckenaer) female (dorsal aspect).
Figure 11. Leucauge argyra (Walckenaer) female (lateral aspect).
Egg Sacs and Eggs
Levi (1980, p. 28) described an egg sac of Leucauge venusta from Virginia constructed of fluffy orange-white silk, measuring approximately 8 to 9 mm in diameter, and containing several hundred eggs. The eggs were reddish-orange and approximately 0.4 mm in diameter. The egg sac is commonly attached to a leave or twig near the edge of the web (Evans 2008).
As the name implies, orchard orbweavers are commonly found in orchards. They are one of the most common spiders in Florida citrus groves (Muma 1975). However, both species are most commonly found in shrubby meadows and along woodland edges (Evans 2008). They are also common in wooded suburban areas of cities and often between hedges and houses under overhanging eaves. They are often gregarious and attach their webs together when prey is plentiful (Edwards and Marshall 2002).
Webs and Prey Capture
Silk for the webs is spun by spinnerets at the tip of the abdomen (Figure 12). Webs are usually horizontal (fewer than 45 degrees of slope) (Alvarez-Padilla and Hormiga 2011) but occasionally are nearly vertical (Evans 2008, Gregoric et al. 2013).
Figure 12. Orchard orbweaver, Leucauge argyrobapta (White), spinnerets.
Webs have a central hub of loops. The spider rests on the underside of the hub (Figure 13).
Figure 13. Orchard orbweaver, Leucauge argyrobapta (White), resting on underside of hub. (web misted with water for photography).
In addition to the hub, webs have supporting radii (typically 30 or more) and an outer area of more than 60 sticky spirals (Levi 1980). There is an open area between the hub and the sticky spirals that contains only radii (Figure 14).
Figure 14. Orchard orbweaver, Leucauge argyrobapta (White) web, showing radii and sticky spirals. (web dusted with corn starch for photography).
A barrier web beneath the orb is constructed of randomly-oriented threads (Levi 1980) (Figure 15).
Figure 15. Orchard orbweaver, Leucauge argyrobapta (White), barrier web.
Leucauge webs are often associated with the webs of the golden silk orbweaver, Nephila clavipes (Linnaeus) (Figure 16). When associated with Nephila webs, the Leucauge webs tend to be higher, more vertical, and also lack barrier webs (Hénaut and Machkour-M'Rabet 2010). Hénaut and Machkour-M'Rabet (2010) concluded that the major advantage of the association with Nephila webs was lower web construction costs (presumably because they conserve silk by not making barrier webs and by using Nephila's anchor threads instead of making their own). Also, the more vertical orientation of the Leucauge webs, likely makes them more efficient at catching flying insects, but less efficient at catching the jumping insects that would be caught if the webs were closer to the ground.
Figure 16. Orchard orbweaver, Leucauge argyrobapta (White), web associated with web of Trichonephila clavipes (Linnaeus).
Orchard orbweavers catch small insects belonging to a number of orders, but the most common prey species are small Diptera (Hénaut et al. 2006, Muma 1975) including mosquitoes (Figure 17).
Figure 17. Orchard orbweaver, Leucauge argyrobapta (White), with Aedes albopictus (Skuse) mosquito prey.
The prey of orbweavers is crushed and chewed up outside the mouth by the endites, chelicerae, and fangs (Edwards and Marshall 2002) (Figures 18, 19 and 20). To predigest the prey tissues, the spider pumps digestive enzymes onto the prey body. After the tissues are completely liquefied, the resulting liquid is pumped into the stomach by alternate contracting and relaxing of the stomach muscles. Particulates are strained out by hairs on the endites and chelicerae. The contractions of the stomach are also responsible for distributing the nutrients throughout the spider's body (Cushing 2017).
Figure 18. Orchard orbweaver, Leucauge argyrobapta (White). (anterior view of cephalothorax showing palpi, chelicerae, and fangs).
Figure 19. Orchard orbweaver, Leucauge argyrobapta (White). (ventral view of cephalothorax showing endites, palpi, chelicerae, and fangs).
Figure 20. Orchard orbweaver, Leucauge argyrobapta (White), showing chewed prey.
Orchard orbweavers molt while hanging from the hub of the web, and the shed exuviae often remain in the web for a period of time (Figure 21).
Figure 21. Orchard orbweaver, Leucauge argyrobapta (White), with recently shed exuviae.
The sphecid (mud dauber) wasps, Trypoxylon lactitarse Saussure, which most commonly preys on orbweavers in the family Araneidae and Sceliphron caementarium (Drury), which is a generalist predator on spiders belonging to several families have been reported to occasionally provision their nests with Leucauge species including Leucauge venusta (Culin and Robertson 2003, Buschini et al. 2006, Camillo and Brescovit 1999, Powell and Taylor 2017).
Spiders in the genus Rhomphaea (Theridiidae) (formerly included in the genus Argyrodes [Exline and Levi 1962]) are predatory on other spiders and sometimes wander onto the webs of other spiders and eat the resident spider (Agnarsson and Levi 2017, Whitehouse 1987). Theridiid spiders have tiny mouths and few or no cheliceral teeth. They bite a small hole in the prey and pump digestive enzymes into the hole. The digested tissue fluids are then sucked out through the hole leaving the empty exoskeleton of the prey (Foelix 2011) which may appear shriveled (Figure 22). The Rhomphaea predators fold their legs, remain motionless and resemble pieces of debris in the webs - probably as a defense against their own predators.
Figure 22. Predatory Rhomphaea (Theridiidae) (left) and its partially-digested Leucauge argyrobapta (White) prey. (Both spiders removed from the Leucauge argyrobapta web for photography).
The spider's normal defense against predators is to escape. When alarmed, it either runs to the edge of the web or, more commonly, drops from the web while simultaneously releasing a strand of silk which it then uses to climb back to the web. Rhomphaea spiders are apparently able to enter the webs of their prey without detection.
Howard Frank, Lisa Taylor and Eleanor Phillips reviewed this article and offered helpful suggestions. Ingi Agnarsson verified the identification of the spider in Figure 22 as a Rhomphaea species.
Agnarsson I, Levi HW. 2017. Theridiidae. Chap. 65. In Ubick D, Paquin P, Cushing PE, Roth V. eds. Spiders of North America: An identification manual. 2nd Edition. American Arachnological Society. Keene, New Hampshire. 425 pp.
Àlvarez-Padilla F, Hormiga G. 2011. "Morphological and phylogenetic atlas of the orb-weaving spider family Tetragnathidae (Araneae: Araneoidea)." Zoological Society of the Linnean Society 162: 713–879.
Archer AF. 1951. "Studies in the orbweaving spiders (Argiopidae)." American Museum Novitates 1487: 1–52.
Ballesteros JA, Hormiga G. 2018. "Species delimitation of the North American orchard-spider Leucauge venusta (Walckenaer 1841) (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 121: 183–197.
Borror DJ. 1960. Dictionary of Word Roots and Combining Forms. Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield Publishing.
Bradley R. 2013. Common Spiders of North America. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Breen RG. 2003 Common Names of Arachnids. American Arachnological Society. 42 pp. http://www.americanarachnology.org/assets/pdfs/arachnid_common_names2003.pdf (Accessed March 8, 2019)
Buschini MLT, Niesing F, Wolff LL. 2006. "Nesting biology of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse." Brazilian Journal of Biology 66(3): 919–929.
Cameron HD. 2017. An etymological dictionary of North American spider genus names. Chap. 75, p. 323. In Ubick D, Paquin P, Cushing PE, Roth V. eds. Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society. 2nd Ed. Keene, New Hampshire. 425 pp.
Camillo E, Brescovit AD. 1999. "Spiders (Araneae) captured by Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) lactitarse (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) in southeastern Brazil." Revista de Biologia Tropical 47(1-2): 151–162.
Culin JD, Robertson MW. 2003. "Spider prey of Trypoxylon lactitarse Saussure (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 38(3): 321–333.
Cushing PE. 2017. Introduction. Chap. 1, p. 13. In Ubick D, Paquin P, Cushing PE, Roth V. eds. Spiders of North America: an identification manual. 2nd Ed. American Arachnological Society. Keene, New Hampshire. 425 pp.
Dimitrov D, Hormiga G. 2010. "Mr. Darwin's mysterious spider: on the type species of the genus Leucauge White, 1841 (Tetragnathidae, Araneae)." Zootaxa 2396: 19–36.
Edwards GB, Marshall S. 2002. Florida's Fabulous Spiders. Tampa, FL: World Publications.
Emerton, J. H. (1884, p. 332). "New England spiders of the family Epeiridae." Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences 6: 295–342.
Encyclopedia of Life. 2018. Leucauge venusta map (with "Clusters" unchecked). http://eol.org/pages/1193301/maps (Accessed March 8, 2019)
Evans AV. 2008. Field Guide to Insects and Spiders of North America. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing.
Exline H, Levi HW. 1962. "American spiders of the genus Argyrodes (Araneae: Theridiidae)." Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 127(2): 75–204.
Foelix RF. 2011. Biology of Spiders. 3rd Ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Gregoric M, Kiesbüy HC, Lebrón SGQ, Rozman A, Agnarsson I, Kuntner M. 2013. "Optimal foraging, not biogenetic law, predicts spider orb web allometry." Naturwissenschaften 100: 263–268.
Gur D, Palmer BA, Weiner S, Addadi L. 2017. "Light manipulation by guanine crystals in organisms: biogenic scatterers, mirrors, multilayer reflectors and photonic crystals." Advanced Functional Materials 27(6): 1603514.
Hénaut Y, Garcia-Ballinas JA, Alauzet C. 2006. "Variations in web construction in Leucauge venusta (Araneae, Tetragnathidae)." The Journal of Arachnology 34: 234–240.
Hénaut Y, Machkour-M'Rabet. 2010. "Interspecific aggregation around the web of the orb spider Nephila clavipes: consequences for the web architecture of Leucauge venusta." Ethology Ecology & Evolution 22: 203–209.
Hentz NM. 1835. VII. Araneids Latr. The Spiders. pp. 30–32. A Catalog of the Animals and Plants of Massachusetts. J.S. and C. Adams. Amherst, Massachusetts. (https://ia801009.us.archive.org/4/items/cataloguesofanim00hitc/cataloguesofanim00hitc.pdf) (Accessed March 8, 2019)
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Levi HW. 1980. "The orb weaver genus Mecynogea, subfamily Metinae and the genera Pachygnatha, Glenognatha and Azilia of the subfamily Tetragnathinae north of Mexico (Araneae: Araneidae)." Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 149(1): 1–74.
Levi HW, Hormiga G. 2017. Tetragnathidae. Chap. 64, p. 254. In Ubick D, Paquin P, Cushing PE, Roth V. eds. Spiders of North America: An identification manual. 2nd Ed. American Arachnological Society. Keene, New Hampshire. 425 pp.
Levi HW, Levi LR. 2002. Spiders and Their Kin. New York, NY: St. Martin's Press.
McCook HC. 1893. American Spiders and Their Spinning Work: A Natural History of the Orbweaving Spiders of the United States – with special regard to their industry and habits. Vol. III. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 407 pp.
Muma MH. 1975. "Spiders in Florida citrus groves." The Florida Entomologist 58(2): 83–90.
Oxford GS, Gillespie RG. 1998. "Evolution and ecology of spider coloration." Annual Review of Entomology 43: 619–643.
Powell EC, Taylor LA. 2017. "Specialists and generalists coexist within a population of spider-hunting mud dauber wasps." Behavioral Ecology 28(3): 890–898.
SpiderID. 2016-2018. Leucauge venusta (Orchard Orbweaver). (https://spiderid.com/spider/tetragnathidae/leucauge/venusta/) (Accessed March 8, 2019)
Walckenaer, C. A. 1841. Histoire naturelle des insectes. Aptéres. Paris, 2: 1–549.
White A. 1841. "Descriptions of new or little known Arachnida." The Annals and Magazine of Natural History 1(7): 471–477.
Whitehouse MEA. 1987. "Spider Eat Spider": The predatory behavior of Rhomphaea sp. from New Zealand. The Journal of Arachnology 15(3): 355–362.
World Spider Catalog. 2018. Tetragnathidae. (https://wsc.nmbe.ch/genlist/99/Tetragnathidae) (Accessed March 8, 2019)
1. This document is EENY-728, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date March 2019. This document is also available on Featured Creatures website at http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures/. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the currently supported version of this publication.
2. Donald W. Hall, Ph.D., emeritus professor, Entomology and Nematology Department; UF/IFAS Extension, Gainesville, FL 32611.
Publication #EENY-728
Hall, Donald W
Orb Weaver Spiders
Araneae (taxonomic order)
Elena Rhodes


Last month, Olivia in our Asia Pacific team was the first UK tour operator to be invited to visit Kuri Bay, the newest wilderness lodge in Western Australia. Here's her review.
Sometimes simply lying on a beach just doesn't cut it. Now and again, I long to escape, explore new shores and frontiers, get away from it all and indulge my inner adventurer. So heading for remote corners of Western Australia to experience some of the camps that make up the Wild Bush Luxury collection had piqued my interest; I was dying to get off the beaten track and start exploring.
My first destination was Sal Salis, a luxurious yet ecologically minded tented camp, hidden away in the sand dunes of the Cape Range National Park. After a short flight from Perth, we were driven through the stark yet mesmerising scenery to the National Park, home to the world-famous Ningaloo Reef.
Unlike the Great Barrier Reef that usually entails a boat trip to get out to the best spots, here the reef lies just meters from the shore. In a few swift leg kicks, you are snorkeling in the most immaculate coral gardens teeming with life. Turtles, reef sharks, manta rays, plentiful tropical fish and neon corals, and for the lucky few, even dugongs cruise these shallow waters, chomping on the sea grass. Off shore, Humpback Whales were passing by, breaching offshore in an amazing display as we enjoyed our morning coffee.
The camp itself is beautiful, in the most simple and unassuming way. Tents are linked by raised wooden walkways that allow the wallaroos to hop between them at their leisure and they are so well camouflaged that they almost blend with the dunes. Simply fitted out with a bed, some wooden drawers and lamps and tables, the beds are extremely comfortable with beautiful linens and soft mattresses and pillows. Lamps are solar powered and enough to get you into bed at night without diminishing the effect of spectacular starry skies and moonlight.
Of course the main draw of the camp is the reef, which plays host to Whale Sharks at certain times of year and swimming with these marine giants is a truly awe inspiring experience. What I didn't appreciate until I arrived, was the access to the amazing walks into the rugged ranges and gorges behind the camp. A hike through Mandu-Mandu gorge was rewarded by the most magnificent views of the reef from the top of the escarpment, and champagne and canapés at the mouth of the gorge on our return.
In between marathon snorkeling sessions and walks through the bush, we dined on sumptuous fresh fare and superb Western Australian wines (adding to the sense of place and showcasing the amazing local produce). After dinner star gazing sessions were rewarded with the clearest night skies I have ever seen, with shooting stars in abundance. Of course without any ambient light or artificial noises, the nights are dark and quiet and we fell asleep to the sound of the sea.
Next stop was Kuri Bay, a newly opened converted pearl farm on the remote Kimberley coast. A flight up to Broome was followed by the most spectacular seaplane flight over the Buccaneer Archipelago, Horizontal Falls and rugged coastline to the camp itself, nestled in a bay and ringed with the iconic red cliffs of the Kimberley. The location, heritage, history and atmosphere are as extraordinary as they are unique and the property still retains its pioneering spirit and a real nostalgic sense of the pearlers who made this region their home.
As we were coming in to land, I spotted a large shark cruising through the turquoise waters of Kuri Bay, and upon arrival, we were greeted by the resident salt water crocodile, Delilah, sunning herself on the pontoon. It was clear nobody was going swimming!
The fantastic and enthusiastic camp hosts gave us a guided tour of the old pearlers buildings, including the rustic Pearlers Bar (complete with pearling paraphernalia) and even a phone box from Kuri Bay's days as a working pearl farm.
We were ushered to our quarters, made up of simply yet supremely comfortable guest rooms, a main lounge area (complete with a fully stocked fridge) and 3 beautifully decked out bathrooms (no ensuites here) but it adds to the feel that you are really staying in the VIP quarters as a pearl farm! The comfy beds and big skies make for the most peaceful sleep, and welcome in vivid 'Kuri Bay dreams'.
We spent our days exploring the spectacular coastline, fishing with our expert guides, discovering the rather melancholy history of the 1864 settlement on Sheep Island, and looking out for the Humpbacks that pass the Kimberly in the summer months. The Camden Sound Marine Sanctuary is an ancient calving ground for these beautiful whales that gather in their hundreds in the warm waters to give birth. The environment and diversity never failed to amaze and inspire me.
A pre-dawn wake up and walk to the top of a nearby escarpment was rewarded with the most astonishing sunrise I have ever seen. The stars disappeared as the sky turned from inky blue to purple, orange, and yellow, and the cliffs changed color – burnt orange through to pink and bright ochre – as the birds welcomed the day.
Your senses truly come alive here, so your essential creature comforts are appreciated all the more – spectacular food (that wouldn't have been out of place in any top London restaurant) and delicious wines were the icing on the cake of what truly was the experience of a lifetime.
For more information on our luxury customized vacations to Western Australia contact Olivia and our Asia-Pacific team on 020 8682 5060.