text:
Editor: Colin Miller
Univ. of South Carolina School of Law
Why the Justin Wolfe Case Looks Like a Classic Case of Prosecutorial Vindictiveness
By Evidence ProfBlogger
Yesterday, the United States Supreme Court "ordered a lower court to review the case of a northern Virginia drug dealer who says his guilty plea in a 2001 murder was coerced by vindictive prosecutors." That man is Justin Wolfe, and his name might be familiar if you listened to the first season of the Serial Podcast. Here's the transcript of Sarah Koenig talking about the Wolfe case in Episode 7 of Season 1:
I heard about this other case, of a kid named Justin Wolfe. Actually Adnan mentioned the case to me, kind of in passing. I can't remember how he heard about it. He reads a lot of different stuff in prison. Anyway, we had been talking about the cell records, and how they were used in Adnan's case, and Adnan said that in this other case of Justin Wolfe, cell records had also been used against him, but then Justin Wolfe's conviction was overturned, in part because of the cell records.
So, I looked up this case of Justin Wolfe, just to see, and on paper, I have to say it's sort of uncanny how many similarities there are with Adnan's case. All young people, first of all. Justin Wolfe was a suburban kid, eighteen, football player. People thought of him as a good kid though he was selling pot and hanging around some tougher types. This next part is different obviously. He was convicted in the 2001 murder of a drug dealer who was shot nine times. Justin Wolfe was not the shooter. The shooter was the slightly older friend of Wolfe's named Owen Barber who got a deal in exchange for testifying against Justin Wolfe. Owen Barber told the cops Justin Wolfe had hired him to kill the drug dealer. Wolfe was sentenced to death in Virginia. Wolfe's trial attorney later gave up his law license, after the bar had initiated disciplinary charges against him for, and this is the technical term, being a crappy lawyer. Oh and there was a witness who was never heard from. Other than that, totally different cases.
Anyhow, eventually Owen Barber recanted. He said Justin Wolfe had nothing to do with the murder, he'd only implicated Wolfe to avoid a death sentence for himself.
Eventually, Wolfe's conviction was thrown out for three reasons: (1) a Brady violation; (2) the prosecutor knowingly suborning perjury; and (3) the improper striking of a prospective juror (who expressed reservations about the death penalty but ultimately said he could impose it). So, what happened next?
Justin Wolfe
For the full history, you can check out my prior blog post on the Wolfe case. The streamlined version is that the prosecutor again charged Justin Wolfe with capital murder. But that's not all. When Wolfe was initially charged back in 2001,
a grand jury indicted [him] on three charges - (1) conspiracy to distribute marijuana, (2) use or display of a firearm in the commission of a felony, and (3) capital murder for hire - on the Commonwealth's theory that Wolfe had hired his friend and fellow marijuana-dealer, Owen Barber, to kill a supplier named Daniel Petrole. Wolfe v. Commonwealth, 2018 WL 4035534 (2018).
After Wolfe successfully appealed his conviction,
in addition to the three original 2001 indictments, the prosecutor charged Wolfe with:
-Two new and additional continuing criminal enterprise charges;
-One new and additional capital murder charge contingent on the continuing criminal enterprise charges;
-One new and additional felony murder charge;
-One new and additional charge for use of a firearm in the commission of or attempt to commit a robbery; and
-One new and additional charge for use of a firearm in the commission of a murder. Id.
Rather than go to trial again,
Wolfe pleaded guilty to a charge of first-degree felony murder, use of a firearm, and a drug charge, part of an agreement with prosecutors that will allow a judge to sentence him to a range of 29 to 41 years in prison. He will get credit for the 15 years he already has served.
As part of that deal, Wolfe executed a four-page handwritten statement admitting to his role in Petrole's murder; that statement concluded with him saying to Petrole's parents, "I am sorry for what I did to your son."
Subsequently, however, Wolfe claimed that his guilty plea was unconstitutional and coerced by what he called "vindictive prosecution." Facially, he seemed to have a pretty good case.
Courts have interpreted the Supreme Court's opinion in Blackledge v. Perry as allowing a defendant to create a rebuttable presumption of prosecutorial vindictiveness in certain circumstances. Specifically, courts have found that a defendant raises this rebuttable presumption by presenting evidence that the government increased the number or severity of the charges against him after he exercised a statutory, procedural, or constitutional right. See, e.g., Clausell v. Sherrer, 2006 WL 2846283 (D.N.J. 2006). The classic case of prosecutorial vindictiveness is a prosecutor increasing the number or severity of charges against a defendant after he has successfully appealed.
As noted, this is a rebuttable presumption, meaning that the prosecution can rebut it if it can show, for example, that it has new evidence that it didn't have at the time of the original trial. I haven't seen anything in the parties's briefs indicating that the prosecution can rebut this presumption.
So, (1) why did Wolfe initially lose on bis claim of vindictive prosecution; and (2) why did the U.S. Supreme Court send his case back down yesterday?
With regard to (1),
the Virginia Court of Appeals concluded that, because Wolfe's guilty plea was not conditional, he had waived his ability to raise his vindictive prosecution claim on appeal....The Supreme Court of Virginia summarily refused Wolfe's petition for appeal...and denied his petition for rehearing. Wolfe v. Commonwealth, 2018 WL 4035534 (2018).
With regard to (2), the U.S. Supreme Court subsequently issued its opinion in Class v. United States. In Class, the Supreme Court
held that a defendant who pleads guilty to criminal charges is not barred from raising on appeal whether the government had the constitutional authority to prosecute the charges against him. As Class recognized, a vindictive prosecution claim falls within the category of constitutional claims that concern the government's power to prosecute. Id.
So, by sending Wolfe's case back down, the U.S. Supreme Court is saying that Wolfe's vindictive prosecution claim is justiciable, and, for the reasons I noted above, I think he has a pretty good chance of winning that claim.
-CM
https://lawprofessors.typepad.com/evidenceprof/2019/01/yesterday-the-united-states-supreme-court-ordered-a-lower-court-to-review-the-case-of-a-northern-virginia-drug-dealer-who-sa.html
How does this standard not apply to the vindictive practice of bringing down the proverbial hammer on any defendant who chooses to exercise the right to having a jury trial? The so called trial penalty seems like textbook definition of prosecutorial vindictiveness if you ask me...
Posted by: Paul | Jan 9, 2019 5:56:48 PM
Paul: In Bordenkircher v. Hayes, the Supreme Court held that:
While confronting a defendant with the risk of more severe punishment clearly may have a "discouraging effect on the defendant's assertion of his trial rights, the imposition of these difficult choices [is] an inevitable" - and permissible - "attribute of any legitimate system which tolerates and encourages the negotiation of pleas." Chaffin v. Stynchcombe, supra, at 31. It follows that, by tolerating and encouraging the negotiation of pleas, this Court has necessarily accepted as constitutionally legitimate the simple reality that the prosecutor's interest at the bargaining table is to persuade the defendant to forgo his right to plead not guilty.
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-supreme-court/434/357.html
Posted by: Colin Miller | Jan 9, 2019 6:07:30 PM
I understand that, but it seems to me that some sensible guard rails could be easily applied to the system so that it's not a matter of "well I have nothing else to lose" on one hand versus "despite being innocent I can't take the risk of not pleading guilty".
Right note the pendulum between the two options is extreme, and as a result you get innocent people pleading guilty as a simple fact of life, all in order to prevent guilty people from clogging the Justice system to take a free gamble at freedom. The obvious answer is to put a limit on how severe the trial penalty can be. This would make frivolous use of jury Trials remain a poor choice, without leading to the outrageous absurdist play premise of innocent people pleading guilty being 100% the most rational choice for some defendants to make.
Meanwhile, I suppose I'll just stay here, killing time, forever waiting for Godot to arrive...
Is it on the state, then, to show that it's additional charges were not vindictive prosecution?
Posted by: Michael | Jan 10, 2019 3:52:57 AM
Paul: There's a good argument that the Court should reconsider Bordenkircher after its opinions in Lafler v. Cooper and Missouri v. Frye, which recognized that our criminal justice system is a system of pleas.
Michael: Yes. By showing that the prosecutor increased the charges against him after his successful appeal, Wolfe gets a rebuttable presumption of prosecutorial vindictiveness. The burden is thus on the prosecution to give reasons why it increased the charges.
Posted by: Colin Miller | Jan 10, 2019 6:03:39 AM
Can the prosecution simply say; well when we looked at the case again we saw multiple crimes which we think SHOULD have been charged. What would the burden of proof look like here?
Posted by: Robert | Jan 16, 2019 10:00:01 AM
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Ben Trachtenberg
University of Missouri School of Law


I really love haunted and abandoned places. In the area I grew up, there were many old houses to explore and scare yourself in. I definitely spent more time in haunted houses then I did at parties in high school.
This is the last Halloween themed post for this month :(. I hope you all have great costumes for this weekend!
p.s. Do any of you have twitter? I would like to follow and support all my blogging buddies, so if you have a twitter and I didn't see it on your blog, leave a comment with your id and I'll find you! Or you can find me first if you'd like @LetItBeRaw. I'm trying to use/understand the use of twitter, so I'm hoping this is a good way to start.


text:
\section{Sylow $p$-subgroups}

In this paper, a \emph{$p$-group} is a locally finite group where every element of $P$ has finite order a power of $p$.

\begin{defi}
Let $G$ be a group let $S\leq G$ be a $p$-subgroup. We say that $S$ is a \emph{Sylow $p$-subgroup} of $G$ if

\begin{enumerate}[(i)]
\item $S$ is maximal in the poset of $p$-subgroups of $G$.
\item every $p$-subgroup of $G$ is conjugate to a subgroup of $S$; and
\end{enumerate}
We denote by $\text{Syl}_p(G)$ the set of all Sylow $p$-subgroups of $G$.
\end{defi}

\begin{lem}
Let $G$ be a group with $\text{Syl}_p(G)\neq \emptyset$.
\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
\item Any two elements in $\text{Syl}_p(G)$ are conjugate.
\item Let $S$ be a $p$-subgroup of $G$ maximal in the poset of $p$-subgroups of $G$, then $S\in\text{Syl}_p(G)$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{lem}

\begin{proof}
Let $S$ be a $p$-subgroup of $G$ maximal in poset of $p$-subgroups of $G$ and $S'\in\text{Syl}_p(G)$.
Since $S'$ is a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$, there is $g\in G$ such that $S^g\leq S'$. Assume that $S^g<S'$. Then $(S')^{g^{-1}}$ is a $p$-subgroup of $G$ which contains strictly $S$ and this contradicts the maximality of $S$. Thus $S^g=S'$ and this prove (a) and (b).
\end{proof}

For $G$ a group such that $\text{Syl}_p(G)$ is non-empty, we denote by $\Omega_p(G)$ the collection of all subgroups of $G$ which are intersections of Sylow $p$-subgroups of $G$. Since $\text{Syl}_p(G)$ is closed by conjugation in $G$, $\Omega_p(G)$ is also closed by conjugation in $G$. If $S\in\text{Syl}_p(G)$ we will also define $\Omega_S(G)=S\cap\Omega_p(G)$ the collection of subgroups of $S$ which are in $\Omega_p(G)$.

\begin{defi}
Let $G$ be a group with $\text{Syl}_p(G)\neq\emptyset$.
For $P$ a $p$-subgroup of $G$ we define $P^\circ\in\Omega_p(G)$ as the intersection of all Sylow $p$-subgroups of $G$ containing $P$.
\end{defi}

For $G$ a group and $P,Q$ two subgroups of $G$ we denote by $N_G(P,Q)$ the set of elements of $g\in G$ such that $P^g\leq Q$.
\begin{prop}\label{p:circ prop}
Let $G$ be a group with $\text{Syl}_p(G)\neq\emptyset$ and $P, Q$ be two $p$-subgroups of $G$.
\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
\item $P\leq P^\circ$ and, if $P\leq Q$, then $P^\circ\leq Q^\circ$.
\item If $P\in\Omega_p(G)$, $P^\circ=P$.
\item $N_G(P,Q)\subseteq N_G(P^\circ,Q^\circ)$.
\item If $Q\in\Omega_p(G)$ then $N_G(P^\circ,Q)=N_G(P,Q)$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{prop}

\begin{proof}
(a) follows from the definition of $(-)^\circ$.
(b) is a direct consequence of the definition of $\Omega_p(G)$.
To prove (c) let $g\in N_G(P,Q)$. By a direct calculation we have $(P^\circ)^g=(P^g)^\circ$. Thus, by (a),
\[(P^\circ)^g= (P^g)^\circ\leq Q^\circ\]
and $g\in N_G(^\circ,Q^\circ)$.
Finally, (d) follows from (a) and (c).
\end{proof}

\section{Centric linking systems}
In this section, we will mostly work with locally finite groups even though some definitions make sens for any group or at least torsion groups.

For $G$ a locally finite group, we denote by $\mathcal{T}_p(G)$ the \textit{transporter system} of $G$, this is the category with set of objects the collection of $p$-subgroups of $G$ and for morphisms
\[\text{Mor}_{\mathcal{T}_p(G)}(P,Q)=N_G(P,Q):=\left\{g\in G\mid P^g\leq Q\right\}.\]

\begin{defi}
Let $G$ be a locally finite group. A $p$-subgroup $P\leq G$ is \emph{p-centric} if $C_G(P)/Z(P)$ has no element of order prime to $p$.
We denote by $\Omega_p^c(G)\subseteq \Omega_p(G)$ the subposet of $G$ consisting of all subgroups in $\Omega_p(G)$ which are $p$-centric. Also $\mathcal{T}_p^c(G)\subseteq\mathcal{T}_p(G)$ will denote the full subcategory of $\mathcal{T}_p(G)$ with set of objects the collection of $p$-centric subgroups of $G$.
\end{defi}

For $G$ a locally finite group, we define $O^p(G) \unlhd G$ the subgroup of $G$ generated by all elements of order prime to $p$.

\begin{lem}
Let $G$ be a locally finite group and $P$ a $p$-subgroup of $G$. The following are equivalent.
\begin{enumerate}[(i)]
\item $P$ is $p$-centric.
\item $C_G(P)=Z(P)\times O^p(C_G(P))$ and all elements of $O^p(G)$ have order prime to $p$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{lem}

\begin{proof}
the proof is the same as in \cite[Proposition 8.5]{BLO3}.
\end{proof}

\begin{defi}
Let $G$ be a locally finite group.
The \emph{centric linking system} of $G$ is the category $\mathcal{L}_p^c(G)$ whose set of objects is the collection of all the $p$-centric subgroups of $G$, and where
\[
\text{Mor}_{\mathcal{L}_p^c(G)}(P,Q)=N_G(P,Q)/O^p(C_G(P)).
\]
If $S\in\text{Syl}_p(G)$, the equivalent full subcategory $\mathcal{L}_S^c(G)\subseteq \mathcal{L}_p^c(G)$ with objects the subgroups of $S$ which are $p$-centrics is called the \emph{centric linking system of $G$ over $S$}.
\end{defi}

\begin{lem}\label{l:functor p-kernel}
Let	$\Psi:\mathcal{C}\rightarrow\mathcal{C}'$ be a functor between small categories.
Assume the following:
\begin{enumerate}[(i)]
\item $\Psi$ is bijective on isomorphism classes of objects and is surjective on morphism sets;
\item for each object $c\in \mathcal{C}$, the subgroup
\[K(c)=\text{Ker}\,\left[\text{Aut}_\mathcal{C}(c)\rightarrow\text{Aut}_{\mathcal{C}'}(\Psi(c))\right]\]
is a $p$-group
; and
\item for each pair of objects $c$ and $d$, and each $f,g:c\rightarrow d$ in $\mathcal{C}$, $\Psi(f)=\Psi(g)$ if and only if there is some $\sigma\in K(c)$ such that $g=f\circ\sigma$ (i.e. $\text{Mor}_{\mathcal{C}'}(\Psi(c),\Psi(d))\cong\text{Mor}_\mathcal{C}(c,d)/K(c)$).
Then for any functor $F:\mathcal{C}'\rightarrow \text{Top}$, the induced map
\[\hocolim_{\mathcal{C}'}(F)\rightarrow\hocolim_{\mathcal{C}}(F\circ\Psi)\]
is an $\mathbb{F}_p$-homology equivalence, and hence induces a homotopy equivalence between the $p$-completions.
\end{enumerate}
\end{lem}

\begin{proof}
This is \cite[Lemma 1.3]{BLO1} except that we are just asking $K(c)$ to be a $p$-group instead of a finite $p$-group.   But this suffices to ensure that coinvariants preserve exact sequences of $\mathbb{Z}_{(p)}[K(c)]$-modules, which is the only way the condition on $K(c)$ is used in the proof of \cite[Lemma 1.3]{BLO1}.
\end{proof}

In particular, when $G$ is locally finite, the canonical projection functor $\mathcal{T}^c_p(G)\rightarrow \mathcal{L}_p^c(G)$ satisfies all of the hypotheses of Lemma \ref{l:functor p-kernel}, Hence, the induced map give an homotopy equivalence
\begin{equation}\label{T=L}
\pcompl{|\mathcal{T}_p^c(G)|}\cong\pcompl{|\mathcal{L}_p^c(G)|}
\end{equation}
\section{Higher limits over orbit categories}

\begin{defi}
Let $G$ be a group and $\mathcal{H}$ a collection of subgroups of $G$.
The \emph{orbit category} of $G$ over $\mathcal{H}$ is the category $\mathcal{O}_\mathcal{H}(G)$ with set of objects $\mathcal{H}$ and morphisms
\[
\text{Mor}_{\mathcal{O}_\mathcal{H}(G)}(H,H')=H'\setminus N_G(H,H')\cong \text{Map}_G(G/H,G/H').
\]
When $1\in\mathcal{H}$, for $M\in\mathbb{Z}[G]$-module, we define
\[
\Lambda_\mathcal{H}^*(G;M)=\limproj{\mathcal{O}_\mathcal{H}(G)}{}^{\hspace{-0.6em}*}(F_M),
\]
where $F_M:\mathcal{O}_\mathcal{H}(G)\rightarrow\text{$\mathcal{A}$b}$ is the functor defined by setting $F_M(H)=0$ if $H\neq 1$ and $F_M(1)=M$.
\end{defi}

By Proposition \ref{p:circ prop}, if $G$ is a group with $\text{Syl}_p(G)\neq\emptyset$ we have a functor $(-)^\circ:\mathcal{O}_p(G)\rightarrow \mathcal{O}_{\Omega_p(G)}(G)$ and we have the following adjunction.
\begin{lem}\label{l:adjunction}
Let $G$ be a group with $\text{Syl}_p(G)\neq \emptyset$.
The two functors
\[\xymatrix{\mathcal{O}_{\Omega_p(G)}(G)  \ar@/^/[rr]^-{\text{incl}}& &\ar@/^/[ll]^-{(-)^\circ} \mathcal{O}_p(G)}\]
are adjoint.
\end{lem}

\begin{proof}
This is a direct consequence of Proposition \ref{p:circ prop}.
\end{proof}

For $G$ a group we denote by $S_p(G)$ the collection of all $p$-subgroups of $G$, $\mathcal{O}_p(G)=\mathcal{O}_{S_p(G)}(G)$ the associated orbit category of $G$ and, for $M$ a $\mathbb{Z}[G]$-module, $\Lambda_p^*(G;M)=\Lambda_{S_p(G)}^*(G;M)$.

\begin{lem}[cf. {\cite[Lemma 5.10]{BLO3}}]\label{l:5.10}
Let $G$ be a group and $P$ be a $p$-subgroup of $G$.
Let $\Phi:\mathcal{O}_p(G)^{\text{op}}\rightarrow \text{$\mathcal{A}$b}$ be a functor such that $\Phi(P)=0$ except when $P$ is $G$-conjugate to $Q$. set $\Phi':\mathcal{O}_p(N_G(Q)/Q)\rightarrow \text{$\mathcal{A}$b}$ to be the functor $\Phi'(P/Q)=\Phi(P)$. Then
\[
\limproj{\mathcal{O}_p(G)}{}^{\hspace{-0.5em}*}(\Phi)\cong\limproj{\mathcal{O}_p(N_G(Q)/Q)}{}^{\hspace{-1.7em}*}(\Phi')\cong \Lambda_p^*(N_G(Q)/Q;\Phi(Q)).
\]
\end{lem}

\begin{proof}
This is a direct application of \cite[Proposition 5.3]{BLO3} with $\mathcal{C}=\mathcal{O}_p(G)$, $\Gamma=N_G(Q)/Q$ and $\mathcal{H}=S_p(G)$.
\end{proof}

\begin{lem}[cf. {\cite[Proposition 5.12]{BLO3}}]\label{l:5.12}
Let $G$ be a locally finite group. Assume there is a countable $p$-subgroup $S\leq G$ such that every $p$-subgroup of $G$ is conjugate to a subgroup of $S$. Fix a $\mathbb{Z}[G]$-module $M$ and assume that there exist a finite subgroup $H\leq G$ such that $\Lambda_p^*(K;M)=0$ for all subgroup $K\leq G$ containing $H$. Then $\Lambda_p^*(G;M)=0$.
In particular, $\Lambda_p^*(G;M)=0$ if $M$ is a $\mathbb{Z}_{(p)}[G]$-module and the kernel of the action of $G$ on $M$ contains an element of order $p$.
\end{lem}

\begin{proof}
The proof is exactly the same as the proof of \cite[Proposition 5.12]{BLO3}.
Indeed, they prove the result for $S$ discrete $p$-toral group but the only property of discrete $p$-toral groups they used is that $S$ is a increasing union of finite groups, which is also true for countable locally finite groups.
\end{proof}

\begin{lem}[{\cite[Lemma 5.11]{BLO3}}]\label{l:5.11}
Let $\mathcal{C}$ be a small category and let $\mathcal{C}_1\subseteq \mathcal{C}_2\subseteq \cdots$ be an increasing sequence of subcategories of $\mathcal{C}$ whose union is $\mathcal{C}$. Let $F:\mathcal{C}^{\text{op}}\rightarrow \text{$\mathcal{A}$b}$ be a functor such that for each $k$,
\[\limproj{i}{}^{\!1} \left( \limproj{\mathcal{C}_i}{}^{\!k} (F|_{\mathcal{C}_i})\right)=0.\]
Then the restrictions induce an isomorphism
\[\limproj{\mathcal{C}}{}^{\!k}(F)\cong \limproj{i} \left( \limproj{\mathcal{C}_i}{}^{\!k} (F|_{\mathcal{C}_i}) \right).\]
\end{lem}

\begin{lem}\label{l:O5 1.6}
let $G$ be a group. let $\mathcal{H}\subseteq \mathcal{H}'$ be collections of $p$-subgroups of $G$ closed by conjugations such that
\[ \text{for all $P,Q\in\mathcal{H}$, if $P\in\mathcal{H}'$ and $P\leq Q$ then $Q\in\mathcal{H}'$.}\]
 Let $F:\mathcal{O}_\mathcal{H}(G)^{\text{op}}\rightarrow \text{$\mathcal{A}$b}$ be a functor and denote by $F|_{\mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{H}'}(G)}$ the restriction of $F$ to $\mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{H}'}(G)$
If for all $P\in\mathcal{H}\smallsetminus\mathcal{H}'$, $F(P)=0$, then
\[\limproj{\mathcal{O}_\mathcal{H}(G)}{}^{\hspace{-0.5em}*}(F)=\limproj{\mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{H}'}(G)}{}^{\hspace{-0.5em}*}(F|_{\mathcal{O}_{\mathcal{H}'}(G)}).\]
\end{lem}

\begin{proof}
The proof is exactly the same as the proof of \cite[Lemma 1.6(a)]{O5}.
\end{proof}
\section{$p$-completion of classifying spaces}

\begin{thm}\label{t:li=BG}
Let $G$ be a locally finite group with $\text{Syl}_p(G)\neq\emptyset$ and $S\in\text{Syl}_p(G)$.
Assume that $S$ is countable and that $\Omega_p(G)\smallsetminus\Omega_p^c(G)$ contains countably many conjugacy classes of subgroups of $G$.
Then,
\[\pcompl{|\mathcal{L}_S^c(G)|}\simeq \pcompl{|\mathcal{L}_p^c(G)|} \simeq \pcompl{BG}.\]
\end{thm}

\begin{proof}
The proof is based on the proof of \cite[Theorem 8.7]{BLO3}. We will write $\Omega:=\Omega_S(G)$ and $\Omega^c:=\Omega_S^c(G)$ for short.
The first isomorphic holds since the categories $\mathcal{L}_S^c(G)$ and $\mathcal{L}_p^c(G)$ are equivalent. it remains to prove the last isomorphic.
\begin{step}
Let $\Psi$ and $\Phi$ be the following functors from $\mathcal{O}_p(G)$ to spaces:
\[\Psi(P)=G/P \qquad \text{and}\qquad \Phi(P)=EG\times_G \Psi(P)\cong EG/P\cong BP.\]
Then, for any full subcategory $\mathcal{C}\subseteq\mathcal{O}_p(G)$,
\[\hocolim_{\mathcal{C}}(\Psi)=\left.\left(\coprod_{n=0}^{\infty} \coprod_{G/P_0\rightarrow \cdots\rightarrow G/P_n} G/P_0\times \Delta^n\right) \middle/ \sim\right.\]
is the nerve of the category whose object are the cosets $gP$ for all $P\in\text{Ob}(\mathcal{C})$, and with a unique morphism $gP\rightarrow hQ$ exactly when $P^g\leq Q^h$.
The category $\mathcal{O}_{\Omega}(G)$ has an initial object (the intersection of all the Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$). Thus $\hocolim_{\mathcal{O}_\Omega(G)}(\Psi)$ is contractible. Since the Borel construction is an homotopy colimit, it commutes with other homotopy colimit and we have:
\[\hocolim_{\mathcal{O}_\Omega(G)}(\Phi)\cong EG\times_G\left(\hocolim_{\mathcal{O}_\Omega(G)}(\Psi)\right)\simeq BG.\]
\end{step}
\begin{step}
For $Q\in\Omega\smallsetminus \Omega^c$ and $i\geq 0$, we define the functor $F_i^{[Q]}:\mathcal{O}_p(G)^\text{op}\rightarrow \text{$\mathcal{A}$b}$ as follows
\[
F_i^{[Q]}(P)=
\left\lbrace
\begin{array}{ll}
H^i(BP,\mathbb{F}_p) & \text{if $P$ is $G$-conjugate to $Q$}\\
0 & \text{otherwise.}
\end{array}
\right.
\]
$C_G(Q)Q/Q\leq\text{Aut}_{\mathcal{O}_p(G)}(Q)=N_G(Q)/Q$ acts trivially on $F_i^{[Q]}(Q)$. Moreover, since $Q$ is not $p$-centric, $C_G(Q)Q/Q\cong C_G(Q)/Z(Q)$ contains an element of order $p$. Hence, by Lemma \ref{l:5.10} and Lemma \ref{l:5.12},
\[
\limproj{\mathcal{O}_p(G)}{}^{\hspace{-0.5em}*}(F_i^{[Q]})\cong \Lambda^*\left(N_G(Q)/Q;F_i^{[Q]}\right)=0 \quad \text{for all }i,
\]
Therefore, by Lemma \ref{l:adjunction},
\begin{equation}\label{2}
\limproj{\mathcal{O}_\Omega(G)}{}^{\hspace{-0.6em}*}(F_i^{[Q]})\cong \limproj{\mathcal{O}_p(G)}{}^{\hspace{-0.6em}*}(F_i^{[Q]})=0
\end{equation}

\end{step}
\begin{step}
Let
\[\mathcal{O}_\Omega^c(G)=\mathcal{O}_0\subseteq\mathcal{O}_1\subseteq \cdots \subseteq \mathcal{O}_\Omega(G)\]
be a sequence of full subcategories of $\mathcal{O}_\Omega(G)$ such that $\bigcup_{r\geq 0} \mathcal{O}=\mathcal{O}_\Omega(G)$ and for all $r\geq 0$,  $\text{Ob}(\mathcal{O}_{r+1})\smallsetminus \text{Ob}(\mathcal{O}_{r})=\{Q_{r+1}\}^G$ is the $G$-conjugation class of a subgroup $Q_{r+1}\in\Omega$ and such that for all $P\in \text{Ob}(\mathcal{O}_r)$ and $P'\in\Omega$ with $P\leq P'\leq S$ then $P'\in \text{Ob}(\mathcal{O}_r)$.
For $r\geq 0$ define $F_{i,r}:\mathcal{O}_{r+1}^\text{op}\rightarrow \text{$\mathcal{A}$b}$ define by
\[F_{i,r}(P)=
\left\{
\begin{array}{ll}
F_i(P) & \text{if } P\in \text{Ob}(\mathcal{O}_r),\\
0 & else
\end{array}
\right.\]
By Lemma \ref{l:O5 1.6},

For all $r\geq 0$,
\[\text{Ker}\,\left[F_{i,r+1}|_{\mathcal{O}_{r+1}}\twoheadrightarrow F_{i,r}\right]=F_i^{[Q_{r+1}]}|_{\mathcal{O}_{r+1}}\]
and, by \eqref{2} and Lemma \ref{l:O5 1.6}, the higher limits of this functor vanish. Thus
\begin{equation}\label{3.1}
\limproj{\mathcal{O}_{r+1}}{}^{\hspace{-0.4em}*}(F_{i,{r+1}}|_{\mathcal{O}_{r+1}})\cong\limproj{\mathcal{O}_{r+1}}{}^{\hspace{-0.4em}*}(F_{i,r})\cong\limproj{\mathcal{O}_{r}}{}^{\hspace{-0.3em}*}(F_{i,r}|_{\mathcal{O}_{r}})
\end{equation}
where the last isomorphisms follow by Lemma \ref{l:O5 1.6}.
Notice that for all $r\geq 0$, $F_{i,r}|_{\mathcal{O}_{r}}=F_i|_{\mathcal{O}_{r}}$ and that \eqref{3.1} implies that for all $r\geq 0$,
\[\limproj{\mathcal{O}_{r}}{}^{\hspace{-0.2em}*}(F_{i,r}|_{\mathcal{O}_{r}})\cong\limproj{\mathcal{O}_{0}}{}^{\hspace{-0.2em}*}(F_{i}|_{\mathcal{O}_{0}})= \limproj{\mathcal{O}_\Omega^c(G)}{}^{\hspace{-0.6em}*}(F_{i}|_{\mathcal{O}_\Omega^c(G)}).\]
We can then apply Lemma \ref{l:5.11} (the hypothesis on $\limproj{}{}^{\hspace{-0.1em}1}$ can be easily check by a direct calculation on the chain level) to get
\[\limproj{\mathcal{O}_\Omega(G)}{}^{\hspace{-0.6em}*}(F_{i}|_{\mathcal{O}_\Omega(G)})\cong \limproj{\mathcal{O}_\Omega^c(G)}{}^{\hspace{-0.6em}*}(F_{i}|_{\mathcal{O}_\Omega^c(G)})\]

The spectral sequence for cohomology of a homotopy colimit (\cite[XII.4.5]{BK}) now implies that the inclusion $\mathcal{O}_\Omega^c(G)\subseteq\mathcal{O}_\Omega(G)$ induces a mod $p$ homology isomorphism of homotopy colimits of $\Phi$ and hence a homotopy equivalence
\begin{equation}\label{3.2}
\pcompl{(\hocolim_{\mathcal{O}_\Omega^c(G)}(\Phi))}\simeq
\pcompl{(\hocolim_{\mathcal{O}_\Omega(G)}(\Phi))}.
\end{equation}
Also, th adjunction of Lemma \ref{l:adjunction} restrict to an adjunction between $\mathcal{O}_\Omega^c(G)$ and $\mathcal{O}_p^c(G)$, and hence induces a homotopy equivalence
\begin{equation}\label{3.3}
\pcompl{(\hocolim_{\mathcal{O}_\Omega^c(G)}(\Phi))}\simeq
\pcompl{(\hocolim_{\mathcal{O}_p^c(G)}(\Phi))}.
\end{equation}
\end{step}
\begin{step}
Now, by exactly the same argument as in \cite[Lemma 1.2]{BLO1} we have
\begin{equation}\label{4.1}
\hocolim_{\mathcal{O}_p^c(G)}(\Phi)\cong EG\times_G \left(\hocolim_{\mathcal{O}_p^c(G)}(\Psi)\right) \cong |\mathcal{T}^c_p(G)|.
\end{equation}
\end{step}
Finally, by \eqref{2}, \eqref{3.1}, \eqref{3.2}, \eqref{3.3}, \eqref{4.1} and \eqref{T=L}
\[\pcompl{|\mathcal{L}_p^c(G)|}\cong \pcompl{|\mathcal{T}_p^c(G)|}\cong \pcompl{BG}.\]
This ends the proof of Theorem \ref{t:li=BG}.
\end{proof}

\section{Particular cases}

Theorem \ref{t:li=BG} works for a very large class of groups. Here are some classical classes of groups which satisfy the hypothesis of Theorem \ref{t:li=BG}.

\begin{defi}
A \emph{discrete $p$-toral group} is a group $P$ with a normal subgroup $P_0\unlhd P$ such that
\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
\item $P$ is isomorphic to a finite product of copies of $\Z/p^\infty:=\bigcup_{n\geq 1} \Z/p\Z$; and
\item $P/P_0$ is a finite $p$-group.
\end{enumerate}
\end{defi}

Theorem \ref{t:li=BG} give a generalization of the second part of \cite[Theorem 8.7]{BLO3} where they work with locally finite groups with disrete $p$-toral Sylow $p$-subgroups but with a condition of stabilization on centralizers. With Theorem \ref{t:li=BG}, we can also get rid of this condition on the centralizers if we require the group to be countable.

\begin{lem}\label{l:discrete p-toral}
Let $G$ is a locally finite group.
Assume that
\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
\item each $p$-subgroups of $G$ is a discrete $p$-toral group; and
\item $G$ is countable.
\end{enumerate}
Then $G$ satisfies the hypotheses of Theorem \ref{t:li=BG}.
\end{lem}

\begin{proof}
By \cite[Proposition 1.2]{BLO3} $S$ is artinian. In particular, $\Omega_S(G)$ is the set of intersection of $S$ and a finite collection of $G$-conjugates of $S$. Since $G$ is countable, $\Omega_S(G)$ is countable and $G$ satisfies the hypotheses of Theorem \ref{t:li=BG}.
\end{proof}

Moreover, Theorem \ref{t:li=BG} cover also countable locally finite groups which satisfies a condition of "finite dimensionality" which is central in \cite{CG1}. For $G$ a group and $H$ a subgroup of $G$ we denote by $\Omega^{\text{fin}}_H(G)$ the set of finite intersections of $G$-conjugate of $H$.

\begin{lem}\label{l:lim-finite}
Let $G$ be a locally finite group.
Assume that
\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
\item $G$ is countable,
\item The supremum of the lengths of chains of proper inclusion in $\Omega^{\text{fin}}_S(G)$ exists and is finite.
\end{enumerate}
Then $S\in \text{Syl}_p(G)$ and $G$ satisfies the hypotheses of Theorem \ref{t:li=BG}.
\end{lem}

\begin{proof}
$S$ is a Sylow $p$-subgroup of $G$ by \cite[Proposition 3.8]{CG1} apply to the locality $(G,\Delta,S)$ for $\Delta$ the collection of all subgroup of $S$. By (b), it easy to see that $\Omega^{\text{fin}}_S(G)$ and then, since $G$ is coountable by (a), $\Omega^{\text{fin}}_S(G)$ is countable. Hence, $G$ satisfies the hypotheses of Theorem \ref{t:li=BG}.
\end{proof}

Gonzalez and Chermak proved, using the Chevalet commutator formula, that an algebraic group over the algebraic closure of $\mathbb{F}_p$ satisfies the hypotheses of \ref{l:lim-finite}. In particular, any algebraic group over the algebraic closure of $\mathbb{F}_p$ satisfies the hypotheses of Theorem \ref{t:li=BG}.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
// See docs in ../ops/array_ops.cc.

#define EIGEN_USE_THREADS

#include "tensorflow/core/kernels/constant_op.h"

#include "third_party/eigen3/unsupported/Eigen/CXX11/Tensor"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/register_types.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/tensor.pb.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/tensor_types.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/framework/types.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/kernels/fill_functor.h"
#include "tensorflow/core/public/tensor.h"

namespace tensorflow {

ConstantOp::ConstantOp(OpKernelConstruction* ctx)
    : OpKernel(ctx), tensor_(ctx->output_type(0)) {
  const TensorProto* proto = nullptr;
  OP_REQUIRES_OK(ctx, ctx->GetAttr("value", &proto));
  OP_REQUIRES_OK(ctx, ctx->device()->MakeTensorFromProto(
                          *proto, AllocatorAttributes(), &tensor_));
  OP_REQUIRES(
      ctx, ctx->output_type(0) == tensor_.dtype(),
      errors::InvalidArgument("Type mismatch between value (",
                              DataTypeString(tensor_.dtype()), ") and dtype (",
                              DataTypeString(ctx->output_type(0)), ")"));
}

void ConstantOp::Compute(OpKernelContext* ctx) { ctx->set_output(0, tensor_); }

ConstantOp::~ConstantOp() {}

REGISTER_KERNEL_BUILDER(Name("Const").Device(DEVICE_CPU), ConstantOp);

#if GOOGLE_CUDA
#define REGISTER_KERNEL(D, TYPE)                                      \
  REGISTER_KERNEL_BUILDER(                                            \
      Name("Const").Device(DEVICE_##D).TypeConstraint<TYPE>("dtype"), \
      ConstantOp);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, float);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, double);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, uint8);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, int8);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, int16);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, int64);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, complex64);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, bool);
// Currently we do not support string constants on GPU
#undef REGISTER_KERNEL
#endif

// HostConstantOp differs from ConstantOp in that its output is always
// in host memory.
class HostConstantOp : public OpKernel {
 public:
  explicit HostConstantOp(OpKernelConstruction* ctx)
      : OpKernel(ctx), tensor_(ctx->output_type(0)) {
    const TensorProto* proto = nullptr;
    AllocatorAttributes alloc_attr;
    alloc_attr.set_on_host(true);
    OP_REQUIRES_OK(ctx, ctx->GetAttr("value", &proto));
    OP_REQUIRES_OK(
        ctx, ctx->device()->MakeTensorFromProto(*proto, alloc_attr, &tensor_));
    OP_REQUIRES(
        ctx, ctx->output_type(0) == tensor_.dtype(),
        errors::InvalidArgument(
            "Type mismatch between value (", DataTypeString(tensor_.dtype()),
            ") and dtype (", DataTypeString(ctx->output_type(0)), ")"));
  }

  void Compute(OpKernelContext* ctx) override { ctx->set_output(0, tensor_); }

  bool IsExpensive() override { return false; }

  ~HostConstantOp() override {}

 private:
  Tensor tensor_;
  TF_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN(HostConstantOp);
};

// A special GPU kernel for int32.
// TODO(b/25387198): Also enable int32 in device memory. This kernel
// registration requires all int32 inputs and outputs to be in host memory.
REGISTER_KERNEL_BUILDER(Name("Const")
                            .Device(DEVICE_GPU)
                            .HostMemory("output")
                            .TypeConstraint<int32>("dtype"),
                        HostConstantOp);

typedef Eigen::ThreadPoolDevice CPUDevice;
typedef Eigen::GpuDevice GPUDevice;

namespace functor {

// Partial specialization of FillFunctor<Device=CPUDevice, T>.
template <typename T>
struct FillFunctor<CPUDevice, T> {
  void operator()(const CPUDevice& d, typename TTypes<T>::Flat out,
                  typename TTypes<T>::ConstScalar in) {
    out.device(d) = out.constant(in());
  }
};

// Partial specialization of SetZeroFunctor<Device=CPUDevice, T>.
template <typename T>
struct SetZeroFunctor<CPUDevice, T> {
  void operator()(const CPUDevice& d, typename TTypes<T>::Flat out) {
    out.device(d) = out.constant(0);
  }
};

#define DEFINE_SETZERO_CPU(T) template struct SetZeroFunctor<CPUDevice, T>
DEFINE_SETZERO_CPU(float);
DEFINE_SETZERO_CPU(double);
DEFINE_SETZERO_CPU(int32);
DEFINE_SETZERO_CPU(complex64);
#undef DEFINE_SETZERO_CPU

}  // end namespace functor

template <typename Device, typename T>
class FillOp : public OpKernel {
 public:
  explicit FillOp(OpKernelConstruction* context) : OpKernel(context) {}

  void Compute(OpKernelContext* context) override {
    const Tensor& Tdims = context->input(0);
    OP_REQUIRES(context, TensorShapeUtils::IsLegacyVector(Tdims.shape()),
                errors::InvalidArgument("dims must be a vector of int32."));
    const Tensor& Tvalue = context->input(1);
    OP_REQUIRES(context, TensorShapeUtils::IsLegacyScalar(Tvalue.shape()),
                errors::InvalidArgument("value must be a scalar."));
    auto dims = Tdims.flat<int32>();
    for (int i = 0; i < dims.size(); i++) {
      OP_REQUIRES(context, dims(i) >= 0,
                  errors::InvalidArgument("dims[", i, "] = ", dims(i),
                                          " must be nonnegative."));
    }
    TensorShape shape;
    OP_REQUIRES_OK(context, TensorShapeUtils::MakeShape(
                                reinterpret_cast<const int32*>(dims.data()),
                                dims.size(), &shape));
    Tensor* out = nullptr;
    OP_REQUIRES_OK(context, context->allocate_output(0, shape, &out));
    functor::FillFunctor<Device, T> functor;
    functor(context->eigen_device<Device>(), out->flat<T>(),
            Tvalue.scalar<T>());
  }
};

#define REGISTER_KERNEL(D, TYPE)                         \
  REGISTER_KERNEL_BUILDER(Name("Fill")                   \
                              .Device(DEVICE_##D)        \
                              .TypeConstraint<TYPE>("T") \
                              .HostMemory("dims"),       \
                          FillOp<D##Device, TYPE>);

#define REGISTER_CPU_KERNEL(TYPE) REGISTER_KERNEL(CPU, TYPE)
TF_CALL_ALL_TYPES(REGISTER_CPU_KERNEL);
#undef REGISTER_CPU_KERNEL

#if GOOGLE_CUDA
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, float);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, double);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, uint8);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, int8);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, int16);
REGISTER_KERNEL(GPU, int64);
// Currently we do not support filling strings and complex64 on GPU

#endif  // GOOGLE_CUDA

#undef REGISTER_KERNEL

// A special GPU kernel for int32.
// TODO(b/25387198): Also enable int32 in device memory. This kernel
// registration requires all int32 inputs and outputs to be in host memory.
REGISTER_KERNEL_BUILDER(Name("Fill")
                            .Device(DEVICE_GPU)
                            .TypeConstraint<int32>("T")
                            .HostMemory("dims")
                            .HostMemory("value")
                            .HostMemory("output"),
                        FillOp<CPUDevice, int32>);

template <typename Device, typename T>
class ZerosLikeOp : public OpKernel {
 public:
  explicit ZerosLikeOp(OpKernelConstruction* ctx) : OpKernel(ctx) {}

  void Compute(OpKernelContext* ctx) override {
    const Tensor& input = ctx->input(0);
    Tensor* out = nullptr;
    OP_REQUIRES_OK(ctx, ctx->allocate_output(0, input.shape(), &out));
    Tensor zero(DataTypeToEnum<T>::value, {1});
    zero.scalar<T>().setZero();
    const Tensor& zero_cref = zero;
    functor::FillFunctor<Device, T> functor;
    functor(ctx->eigen_device<Device>(), out->flat<T>(), zero_cref.scalar<T>());
  }
};

#define REGISTER_KERNEL(type, dev)                                      \
  REGISTER_KERNEL_BUILDER(                                              \
      Name("ZerosLike").Device(DEVICE_##dev).TypeConstraint<type>("T"), \
      ZerosLikeOp<dev##Device, type>)

#define REGISTER_CPU(type) REGISTER_KERNEL(type, CPU)
TF_CALL_ALL_TYPES(REGISTER_CPU);
#undef REGISTER_CPU

#if GOOGLE_CUDA
REGISTER_KERNEL(float, GPU);
REGISTER_KERNEL(double, GPU);
#endif  // GOOGLE_CUDA

#undef REGISTER_KERNEL

class PlaceholderOp : public OpKernel {
 public:
  explicit PlaceholderOp(OpKernelConstruction* ctx) : OpKernel(ctx) {
    OP_REQUIRES_OK(ctx, ctx->GetAttr("shape", &expected_shape_));
  }

  void Compute(OpKernelContext* ctx) override {
    if (expected_shape_.dims() > 0) {
      OP_REQUIRES(ctx, false,
                  errors::InvalidArgument(
                      "You must feed a value for placeholder tensor '", name(),
                      "' with dtype ", DataTypeString(output_type(0)),
                      " and shape ", expected_shape_.DebugString()));
    } else {
      OP_REQUIRES(ctx, false,
                  errors::InvalidArgument(
                      "You must feed a value for placeholder tensor '", name(),
                      "' with dtype ", DataTypeString(output_type(0))));
    }
  }

 private:
  TensorShape expected_shape_;
};

REGISTER_KERNEL_BUILDER(Name("Placeholder").Device(DEVICE_CPU), PlaceholderOp);

}  // namespace tensorflow

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The theme of Open Repositories 2015 was "Looking back, moving forward." The announcement of the DSpace Roadmap during OR2015 was timed to fit this theme.
DSpace development is going to change in 2015. DSpace 6 will be the last "bring us what you have" release, DSpace 7 and all future releases will be "managed" development. Put simply, if you want to have a voice in the technical future of DSpace, be ready to commit developer resources to an upcoming sprint. It's a big change, but the community has determined this is the way development for DSpace must proceed if we are to meet our goals.
Of course, with DSpace 7 and onwards, pull requests will still be welcome. But the major feature development will need to be done as a community, in sprints. It would probably be helpful to think less in terms of "losing" a developer and more in terms of "gaining an entire team of developers" to work on a set of features that are important to your institution.
Two observations: 1) The Fedora Commons project has already successfully used this model in the Fedora Futures/Fedora 4 platform. 2) There is a leadership opportunity available to us… if we commit resources early in the process. Hesitation at this point sends a signal to the entire community. Even if we do eventually commit developer resources, hesitating to consider now may have an impact on the availability of other developer resources.
The Road Map is still a work in progress, there is an opportunity to ask questions or submit your feedback … Or just use the hashtag #dspaceplan on Twitter.
The Portland Common Data Model was presented during OR2015, and it fits in well with many ongoing conversations: not only between the various Fedora-based repository and digital library platforms, but also is immediately applicaple to an aspect of the DSpace Roadmap. I would be very surprised if the DSpace developers elect to use anything else for a data model. A great deal of thought has gone into crafting the Portland Common Data Model, and it specifically deals with the concerns outlined by the DSpace Roadmap.
We All Have ORCID Integrations, Now What?
Video of session I am glad to have participated, and I learned a lot by hearing how other repository platforms are handling the many use cases that a common identifier makes possible. Fair warning, if you watch this video, be prepared to hear me say "um" way more than ought to be humanly possible. To be fair to myself, this session was in the afternoon, in the middle of my one big day at OR15 (pretty much all my public speaking happened on that day). You can see me nod off a bit from time to time. Heh. Sorry.
This was a really interesting session, which consisted mostly of developers and repository managers splitting up into groups and talking about our experiences with DSpace workflows, how we're using them, what we all like and what we'd like to see in a future offering of DSpace. These conversations resulted in the addition of a few use cases to the DSpace Use Cases document, as well as the discovery of a few existing tools.
The Harvard MyDASH usage statistics portal contains a workflow dashboard.
MyDASH is already on our list of things to look at more closely (Missouri folks, see MDPC#37). This might just bump it a bit higher on our list of priorities.
Dryad has a nice write-up on workflows and how they use them .
Dryad also has a "workflow dashboard" which was built by @mire, and it could be moved to standard DSpace quite easily (note it depends on the "customizable workflow" not the "standard workflow").
I found myself volunteering to participate in the Ideas Challenge (the replacement for the Developer's Challenge this year). My fellow team members were: Azhar Hussain (Nottingham), Joseph Rhoads (Brown), Kim Shepherd (Auckland), and Richard Jones (Cottage Labs). We called our idea "the Stuffinator", and it took 2nd place in the challenge.
Here are the slides for our pitch.
Congratulations to all the winners, it was a really fun time, I will definitely aspire to participating again, and am grateful for the experience in participating this year.
There was no recording of this live demo, but I have notes from it, and it seemed well-received. I'm in the process of pitching the idea of a DuraSpace Hot Topics webinar, with demos of several Vagrant-based work environments for various repository platforms (everyone has one, except ePrints). Even if the webinar idea does not come to fruition, I intend to produce a screencast of the demo.
My poster submission, Digital Preservation the Hard Way, drew many visitors at the poster reception, and was also mentioned during one of the sessions about digital preservation. If it nudges someone in the right direction, or at least sparks a conversation that "disaster recovery" is not sufficient for digital preservation, I will be happy.
Here's my list of URLs I scribbled down, with some notes.
Kim Shepherd was singing the praises of Atlassian's Sourcetree application, which is a GUI for Git. Kim says it's helpful for visualizing branch mangement, and keeping track of what commits are in which brach, and where they came from. SourceTree is only for Windows and Mac. There are similar open source Git GUIs, the one that looks most promising is GitEye from CollabNet. It has been a while since I've played with a GUI with Git, it may be time to explore again.
Mentioned during Kaitlin Thaney's keynote at OR2015, the sound bite is: "DOIs for code." I don't think this is the kind of code I write, it more for researchers to share, in addition to their data sets. It's good to know it exists as a tool, especially as interest in automatic data set publishing grows. Having a tool to also automatically create links to the code necessary to process and undertand those data sets will be essential.
Working towards a common visual language for indicating a project follows open practices. It would be good to let our researchers know about these, as we interact with them.
An exciting effort to organize skill-sharing meet-ups of like-minded developers and others interested in learning more about developing software. It would be worth participating in this effort.
A messaging protocol, in the same category as SOAP, which is performant and supports caching.
An effort at making querying and using Linked Data more performant.
A content reporting add-on for DSpace.
Several developers brought up Slack in the context of improving communication. It looks like a nice tool, it's free, we should probably play with it.
It sounds pretty cool: subscribe and have content delivered directly to your repository, via its SWORD interface. It's not a service yet, but Richard tells me they hope to make it a service. Keep an eye on this.
A nice body of work up on GitHub. If one were looking for a reason to play more with Python, tinkering with these tools would be a great excuse.
Oh, and they are hiring, if you apply, tell them I sent you.
UPDATE 1: Kim Shepherd nudges me to acknowledge that we kinda/sorta really want to build "the Stuffinator." And, I do think SEASR might provide a nice basis for such a tool. If you're reading this and thinking, "Hey, I know SEASR, I want to play, too." Get in touch. A tweet to anyone on our team would work.
UPDATE 2: Conference videos are starting to get posted. Right now it's just the keynotes, but more will come. Keep an eye on that page.


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\newcommand\fnxt[1] {\raisebox{.12em}{\rule{.35em}{.35em}}\mbox{\hspace{0.6em}}#1}
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 \vrule width.#2pt}\hrule height.#2pt}}}}
\def\square{%
  \mathop{\mathchoice{\sqr{12}{15}}{\sqr{9}{12}}{\sqr{6.3}{9}}{\sqr{4.5}{9}}}}

\newcommand{\fft}[2]{{\frac{#1}{#2}}}
\newcommand{\ft}[2]{{\textstyle{\frac{#1}{#2}}}}
\def\mathop{\mathchoice{\sqr{8}{32}}{\sqr{8}{32}{\mathop{\mathchoice{\sqr{8}{32}}{\sqr{8}{32}}
{\sqr{6.3}{9}}{\sqr{4.5}{9}}}}

\newcommand{\mathfrak{w}}{\mathfrak{w}}

\def\alpha{\alpha}
\def\omega{\omega}
\def\gamma{\gamma}
\def\hat{h}{\hat{h}}
\newcommand{\mathfrak{q}}{\mathfrak{q}}
\newcommand{\mathfrak{w}}{\mathfrak{w}}
\def\hat{s}{\hat{s}}
\def\hat{c}{\hat{c}}

\catcode`\@=12

\begin{document}

\title{Transport properties of ${\cal N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory
at finite coupling}

\pubnum{%
UWO-TH-05/14
}
\date{October 2005}

\author{
Paolo Benincasa$ ^1$ and   Alex Buchel$ ^{1,2}$\\[0.4cm]
\it $ ^1$Department of Applied Mathematics\\
\it University of Western Ontario\\
\it London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada\\[0.2cm]
\it $ ^2$Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics\\
\it Waterloo, Ontario N2J 2W9, Canada\\
}

\Abstract{
Gauge theory-string theory duality describes strongly coupled
${\cal N}=4$ supersymmetric $SU(n_c)$ Yang-Mills theory at finite
temperature in terms of near extremal black 3-brane geometry in type
IIB string theory.  We use this correspondence to compute the leading
correction in inverse 't Hooft coupling to the shear diffusion
constant, bulk viscosity and the speed of sound in the large-$n_c$
${\cal N}=4$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory plasma.  The transport
coefficients are extracted from the dispersion relation for the shear
and the sound wave lowest quasinormal modes in the leading order
$\alpha'$-corrected black D3 brane geometry. We find the shear viscosity
extracted from the shear diffusion constant to agree with result of
[hep-th/0406264]; also, the leading correction to bulk viscosity and
the speed of sound vanishes. Our computation provides a highly
nontrivial consistency check on the hydrodynamic description of the
$\alpha'$-corrected nonextremal black branes in string theory.
}

\makepapertitle

\body

\let\version\@version\@gobble alpha prime fluctuations complete -- draft

\section{Introduction}
The correspondence between gauge theories and  string theory of Maldacena \cite{m9711,m2}
has become a valuable tool in analyzing near-equilibrium dynamics of strongly coupled
gauge theory plasma \cite{ss,hs,ne1,ne2,ne3,ne4,ne5,kss,bl1,kss1,bh1,bls,bh2,set,bbs,aby,bkt}.
The best studied example of strongly coupled thermal gauge theory plasma
is that of the ${\cal N}=4$ $SU(n_c)$ supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory (SYM). In the large-$n_c$ limit,
and at large 't Hooft coupling $g_{YM}^2 n_c\gg 1$, the holographic dual description of the
${\cal N}=4$  plasma is in terms of near-extremal black 3-brane geometry in type IIB supergravity
\cite{gkp}. In this case one finds \cite{ne1,ne2,ne4} the speed of sound $c_s$, the shear viscosity
$\eta$, and the bulk viscosity $\zeta$  correspondingly
\begin{equation}
c_s=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\,,\qquad \eta=\frac{\pi}{8}n_c^2 T^3\,,\qquad \zeta=0\,.
\eqlabel{n4res}
\end{equation}

In a hydrodynamic approximation to near-equilibrium dynamics of hot gauge theory
plasma there are several distinct ways to extract the transport coefficients \eqref{n4res}.
First \cite{ne1}, the shear viscosity can be computed from the two-point
correlation function of the stress-energy\footnote{Computation of the
thermal correlation functions in the dual supergravity description was explained in \cite{ss,hs}.}
tensor at zero spatial momentum via the Kubo formula
\begin{equation}
\eta=\lim_{\omega\to 0} \frac{1}{2\omega}\int dtd\bar{x}\ e^{i\omega t}\langle\left[T_{xy}(x),\ T_{xy}(0)\right]\rangle\,.
\eqlabel{kubo}
\end{equation}
Second \cite{ne2}, the
diffusive channel two-point retarded correlation function of the stress energy tensor, for example,
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
G_{tx,tx}(\omega,q)=-i \int dt d\bar{x} e^{i\omega t-i q z}\theta(t)   \langle\left[T_{tx}(x),\ T_{tx}(0)\right]\rangle
\propto  \frac{1}{i\omega-{\cal D} q^2}
\end{split}
\eqlabel{shearchan}
\end{equation}
has a pole at
\begin{equation}
\omega=-i {\cal D} q^2\,,
\eqlabel{diffpole}
\end{equation}
where the shear diffusion constant ${\cal D}$ is
\begin{equation}
{\cal D}=\frac{\eta}{s T}\,,
\eqlabel{ddef}
\end{equation}
with $s$ being the entropy density of the gauge theory plasma.
From the thermal field theory perspective it is clear that computation of the shear viscosity via Kubo relation
\eqref{kubo}, or from the pole of the stress-energy correlation function \eqref{shearchan} (additionally using
the equation of state to relate \eqref{ddef}) {\it must} give the same result. It is much less obvious that
such an agreement should persist automatically also on the supergravity side. Thus, we regard  above consistency
of the hydrodynamic description of the black 3-branes in type IIB supergravity as a highly nontrivial check of the
Maldacena correspondence \cite{m9711} applied to near-equilibrium thermal gauge theories.

The situation with the sound wave propagation in the hydrodynamic
limit is similar  \cite{ne4} (though perhaps less dramatic compare with
shear viscosity given the conformal invariance of the ${\cal N}=4$ SYM).
The speed of sound can be computed from the equation of state as
\begin{equation}
c_s^2=\frac{\partial P}{\partial \epsilon}\,,
\eqlabel{cs}
\end{equation}
where $P$ and $\epsilon$ are correspondingly the pressure and the energy density of the
strongly coupled gauge theory plasma which can be extracted from the thermodynamic
properties of the black 3-branes \cite{gkp}. Alternatively, all the transport coefficients
\eqref{n4res} can be read off from the dispersion relation for the pole in the sound wave
channel two-point retarded correlation function of the stress energy tensor, for example,
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
G_{tt,tt}(\omega,q)=-i \int dt d\bar{x} e^{i\omega t-i q z}\theta(t)   \langle\left[T_{tt}(x),\ T_{tt}(0)\right]\rangle\,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{soundchan}
\end{equation}
as
\begin{equation}
\omega(q)=c_s q -i\ \frac{2q^2}{3 T }\ \frac{\eta}{s}\ \left(1+\frac{3\zeta}{4\eta}\right)\,.
\eqlabel{sounddisp}
\end{equation}
Again, all these computations point to a consistent picture of a hydrodynamic description of the
supergravity black 3-branes\footnote{Consistency of hydrodynamic description of more complicated
examples of gauge theory-supergravity correspondence follows from \cite{bh1,bbs,aby,bgm,bkt}.}.

In this paper we prove that consistent hydrodynamic description of black 3-branes persists even
once one include leading $\alpha'$ correction to type IIB supergravity from string theory \cite{cor1,cor2,cor3,cor4},
which translates into finite 't Hooft coupling correction on the ${\cal N}=4$ SYM side of the Maldacena duality.
To appreciate the nontrivial fact of the agreement we point to some features of $\alpha'$-corrected description of the
black 3-branes:
\nxt including leading order $\alpha'$ correction, the entropy density of the black 3-branes
differs from the Bekenstein-Hawking formula which relates the latter to the area of the
horizon \cite{gkt};
\nxt the Hawking temperature of the black 3-branes as well as their equilibrium
thermodynamic quantities, {\it i.e.}, the entropy, energy and the free energy, receives $\alpha'$ corrections \cite{gkt,pt};
\nxt unlike the supergravity approximation \cite{gkp},
the radius of the $S^5$ of the $\alpha'$ corrected black 3-brane geometry is not constant \cite{pt}.

We find that only properly accounting for {\it all} of the above facts one finds a consistent picture of the $\alpha'$
corrected black 3-brane hydrodynamics. Lastly, we strongly suspect that consistency of the hydrodynamics
is sensitive to the structure of the $\alpha'$ corrections in type IIB string theory. Thus our computations can be helpful
is determining exact structure of such corrections\footnote{We hope to report on this elsewhere.}.

The paper is organized as follows. In the next section we discuss our computational approach and
present the results. In section 3 we  apply the general computational scheme to the evaluation of the
dispertion relation of the shear quasinormal mode in black 3-brane geometry without
$\alpha'$ corrections. This was previously discussed in \cite{set}, though our approach highlights the use
of the effective action rather than equations of motion\footnote{Using equations of motion
is technically much more complicated in the presence of $\alpha'$ corrections.}.
In section 4 we discuss the main computational steps leading to the shear and  the sound wave
lowest quasinormal modes  dispertion relations.

\section{General computational approach and the results}
In the context of  gauge theory-string theory correspondence \cite{m9711}
poles of the finite temperature two-point retarded correlation functions
of the stress-energy tensor can be identified with the
quasinormal frequencies of the gravitational perturbations in the background string theory geometry
\cite{set}. Strictly speaking, such  an identification has been made in the supergravity approximation
to  gauge theory-string theory correspondence, but as it is derived from the standard prescription for the
computation of the correlation functions \cite{cf1,cf2,ss}, we expect it to be valid beyond
the supergravity approximation. In this paper we extract $\alpha'$-corrected transport coefficients \eqref{n4res}
from the $\alpha'$-corrected dispertion relation for the lowest shear quasinormal mode \eqref{diffpole}
and the lowest sound wave quasinormal mode  \eqref{sounddisp} in the $\alpha'$-corrected black 3-brane geometry
\cite{gkt,pt}.

We start with the  tree level type IIB low-energy effective action in ten dimensions taking into account the
leading order string corrections \cite{cor1,cor2,cor3,cor4}
\begin{equation}
I=  \frac{1}{ 16\pi G_{10}} \int d^{10} x \sqrt {-g}
\ \bigg[ R - {\frac 12} (\partial \phi)^2 - \frac{1}{4 \cdot 5!}   (F_5)^2  +...+
\  \gamma \ e^{- {\frac 3 2} \phi}  W + ...\bigg]   \  ,
\eqlabel{aaa}
\end{equation}
$$ \ \ \ \ \ \
  \gamma= { \frac 18} \zeta(3)(\alpha')^3 \ ,
$$
where
\begin{equation}
W =  C^{hmnk} C_{pmnq} C_{h}^{\ rsp} C^{q}_{\ rsk}
 + {\frac 12}  C^{hkmn} C_{pqmn} C_h^{\ rsp} C^{q}_{\ rsk}\  .
\label{rrrr}
\end{equation}
As in \cite{gkt,bls} we assume that in a chosen scheme self-dual $F_5$ form does not receive
order $(\alpha')^3$
corrections.  In \eqref{aaa} ellipses stand for other fields not essential for the present analysis.

We represent  ten dimensional background geometry describing $\gamma$-corrected black 3-branes
by the following ansatz
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
ds_{10}^2=&g_{\mu\nu}^{(0)}\ dx^\mu dx^\nu+c_4^2\left(dS^5\right)^2\\
\equiv&-c_1^2 dt^2+c_2^2\left(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2\right)+c_3^2dr^2+c_4^2\left(dS^5\right)^2  \,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{g10b}
\end{equation}
where $c_i=c_i(r)$ and $\left(dS^5\right)^2$ is a metric
on a round five-sphere of unit radius. For the dilaton we assume $\phi=\phi(r)$ and for the five-form
\begin{equation}
F_5={\cal F}_5+\star{\cal F}_5\,,\qquad {\cal F}_5=-4\ dvol_{S^5}\,.
\eqlabel{5form}
\end{equation}
In \eqref{5form} the 5-form flux is chosen in such a way that $\gamma=0$ solution corresponds to $c_4=1$.
To leading order in $\gamma$, solution can be written explicitly \cite{gkt,pt}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
c_1=&r \left(1-\frac{r_0^4}{r^4}\right)^{1/2} e^{-\ft 53 \nu}\left(1+a+4b\right)\,,\\
c_2=&r e^{-\ft 53 \nu}\,,\\
c_3=&\frac{1}{r\left(1-\frac{r_0^4}{r^4}\right)^{1/2}}\  e^{-\ft 53 \nu}\left(1+b\right)\,,\\
c_4=&e^{\nu}\,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{defm}
\end{equation}
where to order ${\cal O}(\gamma^2)$
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
a=&-\gamma\ \frac{15r_0^4}{2r^4}\left(25 \frac{r_0^4}{r^4}-79 \frac{r_0^8}{r^8}+25\right)\,,\\
b=&\gamma\ \frac{15r_0^4}{2r^4}\left(5 \frac{r_0^4}{r^4}-19 \frac{r_0^8}{r^8}+5\right)\,,\\
\nu=&\gamma\ \frac{15r_0^8}{32r^8}\left(1+\frac{r_0^4}{r^4}\right)\,.
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The dilaton $\phi$ also receives $\gamma$ corrections, $\phi\propto \gamma$ \cite{gkt}.
It is easy to see that to order ${\cal O}(\gamma)$ gravitational perturbations do not mix with the dilaton
perturbation; moreover to study gravitational perturbations we can consistency set $\phi=0$.
The Hawking temperature corresponding to the metric \eqref{g10b}
is \cite{gkt}
\begin{equation}
T=T_0 \left(1+15\gamma\right)\equiv \frac{r_0}{\pi}\left(1+15\gamma\right)\,.
\eqlabel{temp}
\end{equation}

Next, consider  perturbation of the five dimensional metric $g^{(0)}_{\mu\nu}$ \eqref{g10b}
\begin{equation}
g^{(0)}_{\mu\nu}\to g^{(0)}_{\mu\nu}+h_{\mu\nu}\,,
\eqlabel{hder}
\end{equation}
where it will be sufficient to assume that
\begin{equation}
h_{\mu\nu}=h_{\mu\nu}(t,z,r)=e^{-i\omega t+i q z}\ \hat{h}_{\mu\nu}(r)\,.
\eqlabel{hh}
\end{equation}
With the metric perturbation ansatz \eqref{hh} we have $O(2)$ rotational symmetry in
the $xy$ plane. The latter symmetry guarantees that at the linearized level the following sets
of fluctuations decouple from each other \cite{ne2,set}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\{h_{xy}\},\qquad \{h_{xx}-h_{yy}\}\,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{set1}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\{h_{tx},\ h_{xz},\ h_{xr}\}\,,\qquad \{h_{ty},\ h_{yz}\,,\ h_{yr}\}\,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{set2}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
\{h_{tt},\ h_{tz},\ h_{tr},\ h_{aa}\equiv h_{xx}+h_{yy},\  h_{zz},\ h_{zr},\ h_{rr}\}\,.
\end{split}
\eqlabel{set3}
\end{equation}
Scalar channel fluctuations \eqref{set1} were studied in \cite{bls} leading (using the Kubo relation \eqref{kubo})
to the following prediction for the shear viscosity to the entropy density ratio
\begin{equation}
\frac{\eta}{s}=\frac{1}{4\pi} (1+135\gamma)\,.
\eqlabel{etasr}
\end{equation}
In this paper we study shear channel \eqref{set2}, and the sound channel \eqref{set3} fluctuations.
Effective action for the fluctuations \eqref{set2} and \eqref{set3} can be obtained by expanding
the supergravity action \eqref{aaa} around the background\footnote{
There is a subtlety in evaluating the action with a self-dual 5-form background. The correct way to do this is
to assume that  $F_5$ has components only along $S^5$ and double that contribution in the 10d effective action \cite{dg}.}
\eqref{g10b} to quadratic order in $h_{\mu\nu}$.
Though we can always choose the gauge
\begin{equation}
h_{tr}=h_{xr}=h_{yr}=h_{zr}=h_{rr}=0\,,
\eqlabel{gauge}
\end{equation}
doing so on the level of the effective action for the fluctuations
would lead to missing important constraints, {\it i.e.}, equations of motion coming from the
variation of the action with respect to $\{h_{tr},\ h_{xr},\ h_{yr},\ h_{zr},\ h_{rr}\}$.
As we explicitly demonstrate on a simple example in the next section
these constraint equations are crucial in decoupling gauge invariant fluctuations.
Rather, the correct way is to impose the gauge fixing \eqref{gauge}
on the level of equations of motion for the fluctuations.

Without loss of generality, for the shear channel we consider metric perturbations
$\{h_{tx},\ h_{xz},\ h_{xr}\}$. Imposing the gauge condition $h_{xr}$=0 on the equations
of motion and  further introducing
\begin{equation}
\hat{h}_{tx}(r)=r^2\ H_{tx}(r)\,,\qquad \hat{h}_{xz}(r)=r^2\ H_{xz}(r)\,,
\eqlabel{Hshear}
\end{equation}
we find that the shear channel gauge invariant combination \cite{set}
\begin{equation}
Z_{shear}=q H_{tx}+\omega H_{xz}
\eqlabel{zshe}
\end{equation}
decouples to order ${\cal O}(\gamma)$.
The spectrum of quasinormal modes is determined \cite{set} by imposing the
incoming wave boundary condition at the horizon $r\to r_0+$,
and the Dirichlet condition at the boundary $r\to +\infty$ in the $\gamma$-deformed
black 3-brane geometry \eqref{g10b} on $Z_{shear}$. The main steps of the computation are discussed in
section 4.1. For the lowest shear quasinormal mode (in the hydrodynamic approximation)
we find to order ${\cal O}(\gamma)$
\begin{equation}
\mathfrak{w}=-i\ \Gamma_\eta\ \mathfrak{q}^2+{\cal O}(\mathfrak{q}^3)\,,
\eqlabel{shearres}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\Gamma_\eta=\frac 12 +60\gamma+{\cal O}(\gamma^2)\,,
\eqlabel{defgeta}
\end{equation}
and we additionally introduced\footnote{As will be clear from the discussion in section 4, $\mathfrak{w}$
and $\mathfrak{q}$ are the natural dimensionless parameters describing quasinormal modes.}
\begin{equation}
\mathfrak{w}=\frac{\omega}{2\pi T_0}\,,\qquad \mathfrak{q}=\frac{q}{2\pi T_0}\,.
\eqlabel{wwqqdef}
\end{equation}
From \eqref{ddef}, \eqref{temp}, \eqref{defgeta}, \eqref{wwqqdef} we find
\begin{equation}
\frac{\eta}{s}=T {\cal D}= T \times \frac{1}{2\pi T_0}\ \times \Gamma_\eta=\frac{1}{4\pi}\left(1+
135\gamma +{\cal O}(\gamma^2)\right)\,,
\eqlabel{shearfinal}
\end{equation}
in precise agreement with \eqref{etasr} reported in \cite{bls}.

There is additional subtlety in computing the lowest quasinormal frequency in the
sound channel.  Similar to  the shear channel\footnote{The main computational steps are presented in section 4.2.}
we first derive from the effective action for the fluctuations equations of motion, and after that impose
the gauge condition
\begin{equation}
h_{tr}=h_{zr}=h_{rr}=0\,.
\eqlabel{gauges}
\end{equation}
As explained in \cite{bbs}, for a general five-dimensional
Einstein frame background geometry with the metric
\begin{equation}
d\hat{s}_5^2=-\hat{c}_1^2\ dt^2+\hat{c}_2^2\ (dx^2+dy^2+dz^2)+\hat{c}_3^2\ dr^2\,,
\eqlabel{5dm}
\end{equation}
with $\hat{c}_i=\hat{c}_i(r)$,
in the gauge \eqref{gauges}, and reparameterizing metric perturbations \eqref{hh} as
\begin{equation}
\hat{h}_{tt}=\hat{c}_1^2\ H_{tt}\,, \qquad \hat{h}_{tz}=\hat{c}_2^2\ H_{tz}\,,\qquad \hat{h}_{aa}=\hat{c}_2^2\ H_{aa}\,,
\qquad \hat{h}_{zz}=\hat{c}_2^2\ H_{zz}\,,
\eqlabel{ginvc}
\end{equation}
the gauge invariant gravitational perturbation is given by
\begin{equation}
Z_{sound}=4\ \frac q\omega\ H_{tz}+2\ H_{zz}- H_{aa}\ \left(1-\frac{q^2}{\omega^2}\frac{\hat{c}_1'\hat{c}_1}{\hat{c}_2'\hat{c}_2}\right)
+2\ \frac{q^2}{\omega^2} \frac{\hat{c}_1^2}{\hat{c}_2^2}\ H_{tt}\,,
\eqlabel{zs}
\end{equation}
and thus (in the absence of matter sector) must have decoupled equation of motion.
In the absence of $\gamma$-corrections, the ten-dimensional Einstein frame reduces to the
five-dimensional Einstein frame, so in defining $Z_{sound}$ we can simply take $\hat{c}_i=c_i$.
This is no longer the case with $\gamma\ne 0$, as in this case the $S^5$ warp factor $\propto c_4^2$
is no longer constant. Indeed, we find that defining $Z_{sound}$ as in \eqref{ginvc} produces decoupled
equation of motion only after $\hat{c}_i$ are rescaled as appropriate for the five-dimensional Einstein frame,
namely
\begin{equation}
\hat{c}_i=c_4^{5/3}\ c_i\,.
\eqlabel{5deins}
\end{equation}
Again, the spectrum of quasinormal modes is determined  by imposing the
incoming wave boundary condition at the horizon,
and the Dirichlet condition at the boundary in the $\gamma$-deformed
background geometry \eqref{g10b} on $Z_{sound}$.
For the lowest shear quasinormal mode (in the hydrodynamic approximation)
we find to order ${\cal O}(\gamma)$
\begin{equation}
\mathfrak{w}=c_s\ \mathfrak{q}-i\ \Gamma_{sound}\ \mathfrak{q}^2+{\cal O}(\mathfrak{q}^3)\,,
\eqlabel{soundres}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
c_s=&\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+{\cal O}(\gamma^2)\,,
\cr
\Gamma_\eta=&\frac 13 +40\gamma+{\cal O}(\gamma^2)\,.
\end{split}
\eqlabel{csgs}
\end{equation}
Given \eqref{sounddisp}, \eqref{temp}, \eqref{wwqqdef}, \eqref{shearfinal} we conclude from
\eqref{csgs} that the bulk viscosity of the strongly coupled ${\cal N}=4$ plasma is
\begin{equation}
\zeta={\cal O}(\gamma^2)\,.
\eqlabel{zetadef}
\end{equation}
Of course, as finite $\gamma$-corrections translate into 't Hooft coupling corrections on the gauge theory
side of the Maldacena correspondence, from the field theory perspective (given that the latter is conformal)
we immediately conclude that $c_s^2=\ft 13$ and $\zeta=0$ independent of the 't Hooft coupling.
We showed here that the dual string theory description reproduces this fact as well, albeit in a highly nontrivial
fashion which is  moreover consistent with shear viscosity computation \eqref{shearfinal} and alternative
analysis in \cite{bls}.

\section{Diffusion constant of the black 3-branes hydrodynamics: the effective action
approach}
Consider the shear channel gravitational perturbations $\{h_{tx}, h_{xz}, h_{xr}\}$
in the absence of $\alpha'$ corrections, {\it i.e.}, setting $\gamma=0$.
This was previously discussed in \cite{ne2}, where equations of motion for the fluctuations
 $\{h_{tx}, h_{xz}\}$ in the gauge $h_{xr}=0$ were derived as perturbation of the full type IIB supergravity
equations of motion. Such an approach becomes technically very difficult in the presence of $\gamma$ corrections:
one needs to derive equations of motion for the deformed effective type IIB supergravity action \eqref{aaa}.
In the latter case we find it much easier to derive first the effective action describing the
fluctuations, and then derive the equations of motion from this action. The effective action
for the fluctuations can be obtained by simply evaluating \eqref{aaa} to quadratic order in metric perturbations
\eqref{hder}. The important point we want to stress here is that the gauge fixing condition
$h_{xr}=0$ can not be imposed on the level of action. If we do this, we obtain two second order ODE's (coming from
variation of the action with respect to  $\{h_{tx}, h_{xz}\}$  )
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
0=&H_{tx}''-\frac 1x H_{tx}'-\frac{\mathfrak{q}}{(1-x^2)^{3/2}}\ \biggl(\mathfrak{w} H_{xz}+\mathfrak{q} H_{tx}\biggr)\,,
\cr
0=&H_{xz}''+\frac 1x H_{xz}'+\frac{\mathfrak{w}}{x^2(1-x^2)^{3/2}}\ \biggl(\mathfrak{w} H_{xz}+\mathfrak{q} H_{tx}\biggr)\,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{2diff}
\end{equation}
where $H_{\cdots}=H_{\cdots}(x)$, and all the derivatives are with respect to
\begin{equation}
x\equiv \left(1-\frac{r_0^4}{r^4}\right)^{1/2}\,.
\eqlabel{xdef}
\end{equation}
It is easy to see that given \eqref{xdef} equation of motion for
\begin{equation}
Z_{shear}(x)=\mathfrak{q} H_{tx}(x)+\mathfrak{w} H_{xz}(x)
\end{equation}
does not decouple. On the other hand, if we impose the gauge fixing condition $h_{xr}=0$
on the level of equations of motion, we obtain an extra constraint equation coming  from the variation of the
effective action for the fluctuations with respect to $h_{xr}$
\begin{equation}
0=\mathfrak{w} H_{tx}'+\mathfrak{q} x^2 H_{xz}'\,.
\eqlabel{3diff}
\end{equation}
Notice that \eqref{3diff} is consistent with \eqref{2diff}. Given \eqref{3diff} we can now obtain the
decoupled equation of motion for $Z_{shear}$
\begin{equation}
0=Z_{shear}''+\frac{x^2\mathfrak{q}^2+\mathfrak{w}^2}{x(\mathfrak{w}^2-x^2 \mathfrak{q}^2)}\ Z_{shear}'+\frac{\mathfrak{w}^2-x^2 \mathfrak{q}^2}{x^2(1-x^2)^{3/2}}\
Z_{shear}\,.
\eqlabel{zseq}
\end{equation}
The incoming boundary condition at the horizon ($x\to 0_+$) implies that
\begin{equation}
Z_{shear}(x)=x^{-i\mathfrak{w}} z_{shear}(x)\,,
\eqlabel{diffbh}
\end{equation}
where $z_{shear}(x)$ is regular at the horizon. Without loss of generality we can assume
\begin{equation}
z_{shear}\bigg|_{x\to 0_+}=1\,,
\eqlabel{diffbh1}
\end{equation}
the spectrum of quasinormal frequencies is then determined by imposing a Dirichlet condition at the boundary
\cite{set}
\begin{equation}
z_{shear}\bigg|_{x\to 1_-}=0\,.
\eqlabel{diffbh12}
\end{equation}
In the hydrodynamic approximation ($\mathfrak{w}\ll 1$ and $\mathfrak{q}\ll 1$) the solution can be written in the ansatz
\begin{equation}
z_{shear}=z_{shear}^{(0)}+i\ \mathfrak{q} z_{shear}^{(1)}+{\cal O}(\mathfrak{q}^2)\,,
\eqlabel{zd1}
\end{equation}
where $z_{shear}^{(0)},\ z_{shear}^{(1)}$ are invariant under the scaling $\mathfrak{w}\to \lambda \mathfrak{w},\ \mathfrak{q}\to \lambda \mathfrak{q}$
with constant $\lambda$. Substituting \eqref{zd1} into \eqref{zseq}, and  we find \cite{ne2,set}
\begin{equation}
z_{shear}^{(0)}=1\,,\qquad z_{shear}^{(1)}=\frac 12 \frac{\mathfrak{q}}{\mathfrak{w}}\ x^2\,,
\eqlabel{zd2}
\end{equation}
which from \eqref{diffbh12} determines the lowest shear quasinormal frequency as \cite{set}
\begin{equation}
\mathfrak{w}=-i\ \frac 12\ \mathfrak{q}^2 \,.
\end{equation}

\section{Transport properties of black 3-branes at ${\cal O}((\alpha')^3)$ order}
The general computational scheme for deriving equations of motion for the metric perturbation
and decoupling the gauge invariant combinations for these perturbations is explained in section 2.
The analysis is straightforward, though quite tedious. As in the previous section,  computations
are simplified using the radial coordinate $x$, defined by \eqref{xdef}. Both for the
shear mode \eqref{zshe} and the
sound  mode \eqref{zs} gauge invariant combination of metric perturbations we find that the corresponding
equations  of motion decouple. These equations can be expanded perturbatively
in $\gamma$, provided we introduce
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
Z_{shear}=&Z_{shear,0}+\gamma\ Z_{shear,1}+{\cal O}(\gamma^2)\,,\\
Z_{sound}=&Z_{sound,0}+\gamma\ Z_{sound,1}+{\cal O}(\gamma^2)\,.
\end{split}
\end{equation}
The incoming wave boundary conditions are set up at the level of the leading  order in $\gamma$, thus it is not a
surprise that a natural dimensionless frequency $\mathfrak{w}$ and a momentum $\mathfrak{q}$ are introduced (see eq.~\eqref{wwqqdef})
with respect to $T_0$, rather than the $\alpha'$-corrected Hawking temperature $T$ of the black branes \eqref{temp}.

\subsection{Shear quasinormal mode}
For the shear channel fluctuations we find
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
0=&Z_{shear,0}''+\frac{x^2\mathfrak{q}^2+\mathfrak{w}^2}{x(\mathfrak{w}^2-x^2 \mathfrak{q}^2)}\ Z_{shear,0}'+\frac{\mathfrak{w}^2-x^2 \mathfrak{q}^2}{x^2(1-x^2)^{3/2}}\
Z_{shear,0}\,,\\
0=&Z_{shear,1}''+\frac{x^2\mathfrak{q}^2+\mathfrak{w}^2}{x(\mathfrak{w}^2-x^2 \mathfrak{q}^2)}\ Z_{shear,1}'+\frac{\mathfrak{w}^2-x^2 \mathfrak{q}^2}{x^2(1-x^2)^{3/2}}\
Z_{shear,1}+J_{shear,0}\,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{zsea1}
\end{equation}
where the source  $J_{shear,0}$ is a functional of the zero's order shear mode $Z_{shear,0}$
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
J_{shear,0}=&{\cal C}_{shear}^{(4)}  \frac{d^4 Z_{shear,0}}{d x^4}+{\cal C}_{shear}^{(3)}
\ \frac{d^3 Z_{shear,0}}{d x^3}+{\cal C}_{shear}^{(2)}
\  \frac{d^2 Z_{shear,0}}{d x^2}+{\cal C}_{shear}^{(1)}\ \frac{d Z_{shear,0}}{d x}\\
&+{\cal C}_{shear}^{(0)}\ Z_{shear,0}\,.
\end{split}
\eqlabel{sourceshear}
\end{equation}
The coefficients ${\cal C}_{shear}^{(i)}$ are given explicitly in appendix A.
In the hydrodynamic approximation we look for the solution for $Z_{shear,i}$ in the following ansatz
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
Z_{shear,0}=&x^{-i\mathfrak{w}}\ \left(z_{shear,0}^{(0)}+i\mathfrak{q} z_{shear,0}^{(1)}+{\cal O}(\mathfrak{q}^2)\right)\,,\\
Z_{shear,1}=&x^{-i\mathfrak{w}}\ \left(z_{shear,1}^{(0)}+i\mathfrak{q} z_{shear,1}^{(1)}+{\cal O}(\mathfrak{q}^2)\right)\,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{sss1}
\end{equation}
where $z_{shear,i}^{(j)}$ are regular at the horizon, and satisfy the following boundary conditions
\begin{equation}
z_{shear,0}^{(0)}\bigg|_{x\to 0_+}=1\,,\qquad z_{shear,0}^{(1)}\bigg|_{x\to 0_+}=z_{shear,1}^{(0)}\bigg|_{x\to 0_+}=
z_{shear,1}^{(1)}\bigg|_{x\to 0_+}=0\,.
\eqlabel{sss2}
\end{equation}
Explicit solution of \eqref{zsea1} subject to boundary conditions \eqref{sss2} takes form
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
z_{shear,0}^{(0)}=1\,,\qquad z_{shear,0}^{(1)}=\frac 12 \frac {\mathfrak{q}}{\mathfrak{w}} x^2\,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{sss3}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
z_{shear,1}^{(0)}=&\frac{25}{16}x^2\left(x^4-4x^2+5\right)\,,
\\
z_{shear,1}^{(1)}=&-\frac{1}{32\mathfrak{q} \mathfrak{w}}x^2\biggl(\mathfrak{q}^2\left(-240-1565 x^2-860 x^4+695x^6\right)\\
&+16\mathfrak{w}^2
\left(594-264x^2+43x^4\right)\biggr)\,.
\end{split}
\eqlabel{sss4}
\end{equation}
Imposing the Dirichlet condition on $x^{i\mathfrak{w}} Z_{shear,0}$ at the boundary determines the
lowest shear quasinormal frequency
\eqref{shearres}.

\subsection{Sound wave quasinormal mode}
For the sound channel fluctuations we find
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
0=&Z_{sound,0}''-\frac{(3x^2-2)\mathfrak{q}^2+3\mathfrak{w}^2}{x(-3\mathfrak{w}^2+(x^2+2) \mathfrak{q}^2)}\ Z_{sound,0}'
\\
&-\frac{\mathfrak{q}^4 x^2(x^2+2)-2\mathfrak{q}^2\mathfrak{w}^2(2x^2+2)-4x^2(1-x^2)^{3/2}\mathfrak{q}^2+3\mathfrak{w}^4}{x^2(1-x^2)^{3/2}((x^2+2)\mathfrak{q}^2-3\mathfrak{w}^2)}\
Z_{sound,0}\,,\\
0=&Z_{sound,1}''-\frac{(3x^2-2)\mathfrak{q}^2+3\mathfrak{w}^2}{x(-3\mathfrak{w}^2+(x^2+2) \mathfrak{q}^2)}\ Z_{sound,1}'
\\
&-\frac{\mathfrak{q}^4 x^2(x^2+2)-2\mathfrak{q}^2\mathfrak{w}^2(2x^2+2)-4x^2(1-x^2)^{3/2}\mathfrak{q}^2+3\mathfrak{w}^4}{x^2(1-x^2)^{3/2}((x^2+2)\mathfrak{q}^2-3\mathfrak{w}^2)}\
Z_{sound,1}+J_{sound,0}\,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{szsea1}
\end{equation}
where the source  $J_{sound,0}$ is a functional of the zero's order sound mode $Z_{sound,0}$
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
J_{sound,0}=&{\cal C}_{sound}^{(4)}  \frac{d^4 Z_{sound,0}}{d x^4}+{\cal C}_{sound}^{(3)}
\ \frac{d^3 Z_{sound,0}}{d x^3}+{\cal C}_{sound}^{(2)}
\  \frac{d^2 Z_{sound,0}}{d x^2}+{\cal C}_{sound}^{(1)}\ \frac{d Z_{sound,0}}{d x}\\
&+{\cal C}_{sound}^{(0)}\ Z_{sound,0}\,.
\end{split}
\eqlabel{sourcesound}
\end{equation}
The coefficients ${\cal C}_{sound}^{(i)}$ are given explicitly in appendix B.
In the hydrodynamic approximation we look for the solution for $Z_{sound,i}$ in the following ansatz
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
Z_{sound,0}=&x^{-i\mathfrak{w}}\ \left(z_{sound,0}^{(0)}+i\mathfrak{q} z_{sound,0}^{(1)}+{\cal O}(\mathfrak{q}^2)\right)\,,\\
Z_{sound,1}=&x^{-i\mathfrak{w}}\ \left(z_{sound,1}^{(0)}+i\mathfrak{q} z_{sound,1}^{(1)}+{\cal O}(\mathfrak{q}^2)\right)\,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{ssss1}
\end{equation}
where $z_{sound,i}^{(j)}$ are regular at the horizon, and satisfy the following boundary conditions
\begin{equation}
z_{sound,0}^{(0)}\bigg|_{x\to 0_+}=1\,,\qquad z_{sound,0}^{(1)}\bigg|_{x\to 0_+}=z_{sound,1}^{(0)}\bigg|_{x\to 0_+}=
z_{sound,1}^{(1)}\bigg|_{x\to 0_+}=0\,.
\eqlabel{ssss2}
\end{equation}
Explicit solution of \eqref{szsea1} subject to boundary conditions \eqref{ssss2} takes form
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
z_{sound,0}^{(0)}=\frac{3\mathfrak{w}^2+(x^2-2)\mathfrak{q}^2}{3\mathfrak{w}^2-2\mathfrak{q}^2},\qquad z_{sound,0}^{(1)}=\frac {2\mathfrak{w}\mathfrak{q} x^2}
{3\mathfrak{w}^2-2\mathfrak{q}^2}\,,
\end{split}
\eqlabel{ssss3}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}
z_{sound,1}^{(0)}=&\frac{5x^2}{16(3\mathfrak{w}^2-2\mathfrak{q}^2)^2}\biggl(\mathfrak{q}^4\left(2404+446x^2-4164x^4+2006x^6\right)
\\
&-3\mathfrak{w}^2\mathfrak{q}^2\left(1588+183x^2-2072x^4+1003x^6\right)+45\mathfrak{w}^4\left(5-4x^2+x^4\right)
\biggr)\,,
\\
z_{sound,1}^{(1)}=&\frac{\mathfrak{w} x^2}{8\mathfrak{q} (3\mathfrak{w}^2-2\mathfrak{q}^2)^2}\biggl(\mathfrak{q}^4\left(-13344+5846x^2-4520x^4+1734x^6\right)
\\
&-3\mathfrak{w}^2\mathfrak{q}^2\left(-9744+5035x^2-2604x^4+867x^6\right)\\
&-36\mathfrak{w}^4\left(594-264x^2+43x^4\right)
\biggr)\,.
\end{split}
\eqlabel{ssss4}
\end{equation}
Imposing the Dirichlet condition on $x^{i\mathfrak{w}} Z_{sound,0} $ at the boundary
determines the lowest sound quasinormal frequency
\eqref{soundres}.

\section*{Appendix}


December 8, 2002, Alain Ducasse in Paris paid homage to the great Italian cuisine by organizing a dinner for 200 people in his restaurant in Paris. Dinner was prepared by 5 young and promising Italian chefs carefully selected by the great master. A young man Gennaro Esposito prepared: Fuscella ricotta soup with red mullet, sea urchin and braised escarole. The dish came out, time to taste, Alain Ducasse came back in the kitchen and hug Gennaro: he did not need words. I write the stories told by the dearest Gennaro.


text:
Blaine megye (Idaho)
 Blaine megye (Montana)
 Blaine megye (Nebraska)
 Blaine megye (Oklahoma)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Annalise, Queen of the Vilebloods [Bloodborne Wiki]
Comments posted to our Bloodborne Wiki
By Anonymous - Wed Jun 10, 2020 4:35 am
- Wed Jun 10, 2020 4:35 am #16222911
good that the lore link isnt working
By Anonymous - Mon Apr 27, 2020 5:35 pm
- Mon Apr 27, 2020 5:35 pm #16207187
When a Lady tells me to kneel, I do it. No discussion.
By Anonymous - Tue May 05, 2020 2:20 pm
- Tue May 05, 2020 2:20 pm #16210406
Beta cuck
By Anonymous - Fri May 08, 2020 6:29 pm
- Fri May 08, 2020 6:29 pm #16211701
By Anonymous - Mon May 11, 2020 7:50 pm
- Mon May 11, 2020 7:50 pm #16212907
Hell yeah dude, right on
By Anonymous - Mon May 25, 2020 8:28 am
- Mon May 25, 2020 8:28 am #16217674
Simp af
By Anonymous - Tue Jun 02, 2020 7:26 am
- Tue Jun 02, 2020 7:26 am #16220489
By Anonymous - Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:34 am
- Wed Jul 08, 2020 11:34 am #16232146
Gado.
Neck beard
By Anonymous - Tue Jan 05, 2021 10:50 pm
- Tue Jan 05, 2021 10:50 pm #16295669
By Anonymous - Tue Apr 20, 2021 6:10 am
- Tue Apr 20, 2021 6:10 am #16332756
Discord mod
By Anonymous - Thu Aug 05, 2021 7:45 am
- Thu Aug 05, 2021 7:45 am #16362152
Neil cuckman
By Anonymous - Tue Mar 24, 2020 3:46 am
- Tue Mar 24, 2020 3:46 am #16194487
In the section 'Other Notes', it says Queen Annalise and Lady Maria are distant relatives. Where does that knowledge come from?
By Anonymous - Tue Mar 24, 2020 10:10 pm
- Tue Mar 24, 2020 10:10 pm #16194742
In the description of the Rakuyo. Stating that she is a distant relative of the queen of Cainhurst.
I love the way she talks. Such a turn on.
Does Queen Annalise have blonde or silver hair?
Very light blonde.
By Anonymous - Wed Jun 02, 2021 4:39 pm
- Wed Jun 02, 2021 4:39 pm #16345880
very blonde silver
By Anonymous - Wed Nov 13, 2019 12:32 pm
- Wed Nov 13, 2019 12:32 pm #16162535
I farted in the presence of a queen.
By Anonymous - Sun Nov 28, 2021 3:31 pm
- Sun Nov 28, 2021 3:31 pm #16390741
By Anonymous - Thu Oct 10, 2019 11:10 am
So, you can't help her have a child of blood or whatever?
By Anonymous - Sun Sep 01, 2019 7:47 am
- Sun Sep 01, 2019 7:47 am #16144007
She is based around this vampiric Carmilla character. The whole castle is full of women proving that she is possibly lesbian. Another connection is that her name is countess Karnstein and guess what the place is called?Cainhurst.I strongly believe that on her missing seat there might've been sitting another woman. Hence why you get refused over and over again.
By Anonymous - Fri Oct 04, 2019 10:36 am
- Fri Oct 04, 2019 10:36 am #16151922
If you're a female character you still get refused
By Anonymous - Sat Nov 02, 2019 4:49 am
- Sat Nov 02, 2019 4:49 am #16159800
elizabeth bathory as well, super famous vampiric figure, used to bathe in the blood of virgins
I thought the empty throne was to represent Oedon, who has no physical form. That would explain har infatuation with having a "child of blood" as great ones use surrogate human wombs, and Oedon seems to have power over the very presence of blood
By Anonymous - Tue Jun 02, 2020 12:59 pm
- Tue Jun 02, 2020 12:59 pm #16220555
Bruh just because the castle is full of female ghosts doesn't mean men weren't there. It's pretty clear that there were male vilebloods, from statues, paintings, and the Crown of Illusions mentions an old king, and we know for a fact that it is a Cainhurst relic, meaning there was a cainhurst king at some point, most likely until the executioners came. The executioners may have just killed the men with the wheels, and spared the women a more brutal death by cutting off their heads, as evidenced by the headless ghosts, and the normal ghosts having blood spray from their necks when screaming. Because of the brutal method of killing the men, the spirits were trapped in the wheels, which are the spirits you see when you transform the weapon. There are no male ghosts, because the male ghosts are the ones in the logarius wheels. Karnstein sounds vaguely similar to cainhurst, but not enough to be a link. And, as others have pointed out, you get rejected, whether you be male or female. Also, the fact that Cainhurst lasted for more than one generation is solid enough evidence that the Vilebloods weren't some weird lesbian vampire group, they were just a weird vampire group.
By Anonymous - Tue Jun 02, 2020 1:02 pm
- Tue Jun 02, 2020 1:02 pm #16220557
Also, if fromsoft really made this character as a nod to the character you are talking about, why wouldn't they just name Annalise in a similar manner to the character you are talking about, not name castle cainhurst something similar to a nickname of this character
By Anonymous - Fri Jul 19, 2019 12:49 am
- Fri Jul 19, 2019 12:49 am #16133578
She's very similar to Count Dracula, especially his depiction in the 1992 movie Bram Stoker's Dracula Portrayed By Gary Oldman
By Anonymous - Tue Feb 18, 2020 9:34 am
- Tue Feb 18, 2020 9:34 am #16185365
In fact the opening sequence when you travel to Cainhurst is pretty much shot for shot from the old dracula movie
Can i still join even if i accidently hit her
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Nothing New is Offered in Ratchet & Clank Movie Adaptation
Movies based on video games are often a hit and miss affair with the masses. Not everyone will have played it. Very few end up as spectacular. Try as many studios might for a memorable blockbuster, most end up as a so bad it's good category. Not many end up with sequels. Resident Evil, Tomb Raider and Silent Hill are the only exceptions to this list. Maybe the problem lies in who these films are intended for. The latest entry, Ratchet and Clank, is definitely aimed at the kids.
This tale comes complete with the obligatory lessons for youths to take home. This film shows how Ratchet (James Arnold Taylor) should never give up on his dream of being part of the Galactic Rangers. When the anthropomorphic world is filled with critters trying to make a difference in a dog eat dog world of humans glory hounding victories, just how this garage mechanic is going to become a soldier is going to be tough. He has to convince the egotistical Captain Qwark (Jim Ward) to let him join. From here, I thought I was watching Disney Afternoon's Buzz Lightyear of Star Command. This cartoon was developed in 2000 and the game did not emerge till 2002. For instance, Mira wanted to be part of the galactic police force, but many people (Buzz and her royal parents) were hesitant. While the short robot X-R and Clank (David Kaye) are different personalities, both fill a very similar role. A part of what I loved in this series is in how a brotherhood of trust is developed, and this film moves in a very similar flow. A part of the plot that's enjoyable is in how Ratchet wants to see the good in everyone, including those who have seemingly chosen to sell out.
On the criminal front, Although Zurg and Drek are distinct, they both share dreams of galactic conquest. I spent half the movie waiting for the LGMs to emerge. To round out this group, Victor Von Ion (brilliantly played by Sylvester Stallone) functions as the robotic right-hand man, commanding legions of soldiers, and Doctor Nefarious (Armin Shimerman is clearly having fun behind the microphone) is chief mad scientist serving Drek. I really liked these supporting characters more than rooting for the good guys. Sadly, there was no development to make Qwark's team (Clora and Brax) interesting. I wanted to know more about them. They hardly helped move the story along.
This film is made for fans of the video game. I played the early games and was dismayed that this film is just a retelling of the game instead of a new product. When I realised this, I thought this movie is better off as a direct to video release for a new Ratchet and Clank Chronicles package. Playstation owners can play one of the many sequels after watching the movie. This collection is available as a purely gaming product on Amazon
and the movie might get included in a repackaging of the games after this film leaves theatres. However, after seeing this movie, I'm not motivated to play the platformer again. It's fun for those wanting an introduction to the games, but not every platformer is worth its weight in gold.
Tags: Armin Shimerman, David Kaye, Gerry Swallow, James Arnold Taylor, Jericca Cleland, Jim Ward, Kevin Munroe, PlayStation, Rainmaker Entertainment, Ratchet and Clank, Sony Pictures, Sylvester Stallone, T. J. Fixman, Video Game Movies
Categories Animation, Computer, Film, Movie Reviews, Science Fiction
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Towards the end of 2018, the North-American Interfraternity Conference banned alcohol above 15% ABV in fraternities. This ban apparently is for all students, regardless of if they are over 21. This means that no fraternity that is associated with NIC can have parties with hard liquor, in order to alleviate some of the alcohol related issues that have been seen across campuses over the past several years. Unfortunately, though, there is no real way of fully enforcing this enactment. At NJIT, the majority of frat houses are private houses off-campus, which limits the schools ability to intervene.
While the majority of fraternities in this region are associated with NIC, there are still ones not associated with NIC that would not have to abide by these same rules. The hope, though, is that this enactment will encourage universities to create harder lines on alcohol consumption. As this ban goes underway, other laws are staying to take place. Some fraternity chapters are starting to adopt "dry campus" laws, where they are not allowed to drink, at all, on campus. And, if not full bans, other chapters are adopting dry spaces or common areas, where there will be no alcohol.
With NIC's new policy, it seems like there will be many major changes to come. Hopefully, these bans will decrease underage drinking incidents on and off campus and will lead to less alcohol-related injuries.
To the view the original article, click here.
If you know Aunt Lucy is going to grill you about rehab, avoid her. If Uncle Bob will try to mix you a stiff drink, stay away from him. If the office New Year's party is really all about drinking or other drug use, make a brief appearance or don't attend. It is unrealistic in all of these scenarios to say, "I can soldier through." That's what Step One of the Twelve Steps teaches us, right? That we don't have the power. So, why put yourself in the position of having to "power through" an obstacle course of relapse triggers? Staying sober and safeguarding your recovery must always come first.
Fentanyl has been a rising issue when it comes to drug use, abuse, and deaths. Fentanyl is a very cheap but powerful drug that get cuts into many other drugs so that dealers can sell more, for a lower cost, increasing profit. Fentanyl is 50x stronger than heroin, which is what fentanyl is often cut with. Fentanyl is so lethal that just a few grains can cause an overdose or a death. Even though fentanyl is cut with heroin, generally, it has been found in most drugs, from marijuana, to cocaine, to heroin.
Recently, a State Trooper in Nebraska pulled over a vehicle containing 54 kilograms of fentanyl, which is enough to kill 25 million people. The two men driving the vehicle were New Jersey residents. Use of fentanyl in drugs had gone up by over 50% between 2016 and 2017, and is predicted to go up, even more. Though it is in the works to have an antidote made for fentanyl, there is nothing yet. Narcan can assist with heroin and opiates, but it takes a lot more narcan to reverse the effects of fentanyl and only lasts for a shorter period of time.
On Wednesday, December 5th, CCSHM hosted the Tackling Opioids through Prevention in Athletes conference. At this conference, we distributed a toolkit with information about best practices for coaches, athletic directors, and others who work directly with young athletes. The majority of heroin addicts started using prescribed opiates before turning to heroin, which is the concern when it comes to athletes. Sports related injuries can lead to the prescribing of pain relievers, including opiates such hydrocodone (Vicodin), and oxycodone (Oxycontin), and Codeine, to name a few. This exposure can quickly lead to addiction.
At the conference, parents Don and Bobbie Riebel spoke about their experience with addiction. In 2013, the Riebel's lost their son, Colin, to an overdose. Colin was a young athlete. He was a pitcher and played on the football team. Colin tore his rotator cuff pitching and tore his ACL several times, all of which resulting in surgery and Percocets. They shared his experience of struggling with addiction, advancing from the pain killers he was prescribed, to turning to heroin because it was significantly cheaper. They shared his success that he underwent in a treatment center, coming home a changed man. But, something never changed and, unfortunately, Don found Colin unresponsive early one morning.
Aside from the Riebel's, Dr. Steven Aydin spoke about the opiate epidemic. Dr. Aydin is a pain management doctor based out of Bergen County. Dr. Aydin gave a powerful presentation on the rise of opiate use in the United States. He showed the audience how deaths due to opioid overdoses has dramatically increased, and is likely to continue to increase. Dr. Aydin discussed the importance of alternatives to opiates, like prescribing NSAIDS or using nerve blockers. He also discussed the importance of not letting athletes return to play before they are ready.