text:
Archive for year: 2015
You are here: Home1 / News2 / 2015
Donald Trump say's he's 'Second Amendment 100%'
November 29, 2015 /0 Comments/in News /by Paskalos
According to CNN while in Sarasota, Florida Donald Trump on Saturday touted his opposition to gun control, the day after a shooting rampage outside a Planned Parenthood clinic in Colorado killed three people.
At a Sarasota, Florida rally, Trump didn't mention the episode, in which one officer and two civilians were killed. But the mogul did cite the recent Paris attacks, in which more than 130 people died.
"If they would have had the guns, they wouldn't have had the carnage they had," Trump told an often-raucous crowd. "I just want to say upfront, right now, Second Amendment 100%."
The billionaire businessman's Thanksgiving weekend event came amid mounting criticism over his apparent taunting of a New York Times reporter's physical appearance. Trump has denied mocking the scribe's physical disability. The New York Times earlier in the week issued a statement condemning Trump, while the mogul maintains it's the news outlet that should be saying sorry.
It's only the latest brouhaha in a campaign filled with taunts and insults of political opponents, media critics and others. Though before the Sarasota rally Trump showed a softer side, at least briefly. After his helicopter landed, Trump called for some children to go up in it, a stunt he pulled in Iowa this summer as well.
"I can call her girl right?" Trump said speaking to the parents of a young child at the rally. "Today we have to be so politically correct."
Trump's campaign on Saturday also announced the endorsement of Kathryn "Kat" Gates-Skipper, the first female Marine in combat operations.
CNN's full story »
https://www.freedomfightersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Trump-and-Musket.jpg 480 640 Paskalos /wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ff-logo-flag-340x92-300x81.png Paskalos2015-11-29 05:11:032016-04-07 22:47:11Donald Trump say's he's 'Second Amendment 100%'
Local News Reporter Accurately Explains The Second Amendment
November 4, 2015 /0 Comments/in News /by Paskalos
An Atlanta news anchor nails it when explaining what the actual purpose of the Second Amendment is and why the Founding Fathers thought it was so important.
Ben Swann, host of CBS 46's show "Reality Check," explained on Monday that the right to bear arms isn't just about hunting or personal protection; it's about preventing the government turning on its own people.
https://freedomfightersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Reality-Check-The-True-Intent-Of-The-Second-Amendment.mp4
Swann started off the segment by quoting the text of the Second Amendment:
"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed."
He explained that much of the modern debate over the intent of the Second Amendment centers around whether or not private citizens should be allowed to own guns. At the time the Constitution was drafted, private gun ownership was considered to be an indisputable right by the Founding Fathers and their fellow countrymen.
"This may be a very foreign concept, but the first fight over the Second Amendment wasn't over whether the population should be armed. All the framers agreed with that," Swann said. "The fight was between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over whether we would have a standing army."
An army is necessary to protect its citizens, but both Federalists and Anti-Federalists were worried that if a government were to become militarized, nothing would keep it from growing too strong and eventually becoming tyrannical.
"The Federalists wanted the Second Amendment because they believed a strong federal government would be able to control a standing army," he said. "The Anti-Federalists wanted it because it would mean every able-bodied man in America would be armed in the event that the federal government or America's own standing army turned on its own people."
Thus, the Second Amendment has provisions for both a well-regulated militia, which consisted of pretty much every male with a pulse, and the right for private citizens to bear arms, which appeased both the Federalists and Anti-Federalists.
"It was written by men who ultimately believed that governments and armies would turn on their own people," Swann said. "The Second Amendment was written to guarantee that would never happen."
You can read a transcript of the full segment here.
/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ff-logo-flag-340x92-300x81.png 0 0 Paskalos /wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ff-logo-flag-340x92-300x81.png Paskalos2015-11-04 22:26:352015-11-04 22:27:17Local News Reporter Accurately Explains The Second Amendment
College Professor: "I urge President Obama to ban firearm possession in America,"
On Fox New's "The O'Reilly Factor," correspondent Jesse Watters often goes to college towns, microphone in hand, to document the airy ignorance of some college students. Now we know it's not really their fault.
"I urge President Obama to ban firearm possession in America," a college professor wrote in the Rochester (New York) Democrat & Chronicle. "He is the president of the United States. He can change the country. He can do it today. I believe in him."
That's Barbara LeSavoy, director of Women and Gender Studies at The College at Brockport. You'd think she would know something about the U.S. Constitution and the way the country works. But alas, she seems pretty clueless.
"Today, I write this letter with a bleeding heart," she states. "I admire Obama. But he has let me down. I am disappointed because his presidency could have done more for our country, and sadly, the many taken lives who cannot read this essay. I still worry about urgent social tensions facing our nation, and I recognize their ongoing complexities in policy and legislative action. But gun violence can be averted."
How? It seems pretty simple to her.
"Firearm possession should be banned in America; President Obama can orchestrate this directive," she wrote. "His presidency can be remembered as a remarkable turn in United States history where a progressive leader forever changed the landscape under which we live and work. This is his legacy. To establish gun control laws in America that will reduce high levels of male violence and usher in a culture of peace and civility."
No, President Obama doesn't have that power. What's standing in his way isn't political meekness, as professor LeSavoy implies, but the Second Amendment.
As the U.S. Supreme Court held in the Heller decision in 2008, "The Second Amendment protects an individual right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia, and to use that arm for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home."
Professor LeSavoy's letter doesn't make it clear how she thinks the government should go about collecting all those guns she wants the president to ban. But any such effort would be disastrous.
As The Federalist's Varad Mehta noted, "Let there be no doubt. Gun confiscation would have to be administered by force of arms. I do not expect that those who dismissed their fellow citizens for clinging bitterly to their guns are so naive that they imagine these people will suddenly cease their bitter clinging when some nice young man knocks on their door and says, 'Hello, I'm from the government and I'm here to take your guns.'"
It would be needlessly cruel to quote much more of professor LeSavoy's letter, although this sentence pretty much sums it up: "During (Obama's) 2008 presidential campaign, my two daughters, partner, and I ate every meal in our house on Obama placemats."
The point here is that professor LeSavoy is a celebrated scholar and thought-leader in academia. So maybe we should give college students a break. It's not their fault.
https://www.freedomfightersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Barbara-LeSavoy.jpg 400 400 Paskalos /wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ff-logo-flag-340x92-300x81.png Paskalos2015-11-03 10:15:302015-11-03 10:15:30College Professor: "I urge President Obama to ban firearm possession in America,"
Indiana Sheriff: I Will Uphold The Constitution, Not Obama's Executive Actions
October 15, 2015 /0 Comments/in News /by Paskalos
"I will not allow gun confiscation in my county."
Elkhart County, Indiana Sheriff Brad Rogers made a covenant declaration to his citizens that he will "disregard" any executive orders sent by President Obama that infringes on their Second Amendment rights.
"If President Obama today said, 'I'm creating an executive order that all sheriffs and police chiefs around this nation need to start registering firearms,' I will disregard it," the sheriff said on Sunday's broadcast of WNIT's Politically Speaking.
Rogers was a guest, along with several other members of the community, invited to talk about the government's call for more gun control and to speak on gun rights in the wake of the recent university shootings.
"We've always had this conversation that we need more reasonable gun control put in place," Rogers said. "But we already have what is reasonable, in my opinion, and in fact it's probably overdone."
Rogers was questioned on how he can hold these unruly views and be reconciled with the oath he took for office. So, he repeated his oath, saying it is to defend the United States Constitution and the Indiana constitution to the best of his ability. However, he said that doesn't mean he enforces every law every time:
If you want the police to enforce every law on the books, that means all the discretion is taken out. That means you get a ticket every time instead of a warning. That means we can't take a juvenile home instead of throwing him into the juvenile justice system and starting their career in crime.
The sheriff said his role in the government of the people doesn't mean he "checks his mind at the door" and blindly follow orders. If something is asked of him that checks out as unlawful with the Constitution, even a law itself, his conscience wouldn't permit him to enforce it.
The American Mirror posted a video of Sheriff Rogers from 2013 speaking on the same subject just as defiantly. In this clip he said:
I want to affirm my commitment and my oath of office to uphold the Indiana and United States constitutions, the Second Amendment and all of the Bill of Rights. I will not allow gun confiscation in my county.
I will not enforce any additional anti-gun laws and I stand with you for liberty as a law enforcement officer, as a sheriff and hopefully to light the flame across this nation for other sheriffs to also stand for liberty and not tolerate the constitutional usurpations that are occurring at the federal level.
https://www.freedomfightersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Sheriff-Brad-Rogers.png 493 876 Paskalos /wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ff-logo-flag-340x92-300x81.png Paskalos2015-10-15 06:59:372015-10-15 07:01:11Indiana Sheriff: I Will Uphold The Constitution, Not Obama's Executive Actions
Brown Signs Bill Requiring Cops To Get Warrant For Data
October 9, 2015 /0 Comments/in News /by Paskalos
Californians can rest assured that law enforcement must obtain a warrant to access digital records. Today, Gov. Jerry Brown has signed S.B. 178, the California Electronic Communications Privacy Act (CalECPA).
After months of pressure from public interest groups, media organizations, privacy advocates, tech companies, and thousands of members of the public, California's elected leaders have updated the state's privacy laws so that they are in line with how people actually use technology today.
CalECPA protects Californians by requiring a warrant for digital records, including emails and texts, as well as a user's geographical location. These protections apply not only to your devices, but to online services that store your data. Only two other states have so far offered these protections: Maine and Utah.
Here's what the bill's authors had to say about the victory:
Sen. Mark Leno (D-San Francisco)
For too long, California's digital privacy laws have been stuck in the Dark Ages, leaving our personal emails, text messages, photos and smartphones increasingly vulnerable to warrantless searches. That ends today with the Governor's signature of CalECPA, a carefully crafted law that protects personal information of all Californians. The bill also ensures that law enforcement officials have the tools they need to continue to fight crime in the digital age.
Sen. Joel Anderson (R-Alpine)
Senator Leno and I helped bridge the gap between progressives and conservatives to make the privacy of Californians a top priority this year. This bipartisan bill protects Californians' basic civil liberties as the Fourth Amendment and the California Constitution intended.
EFF, along with the ACLU and the California Newspaper Publishers Association, sponsored the bill from the very beginning, recognizing how the right to be free from unreasonable search and seizure is inherently tied to freedom of speech. Tech corporations also recognized that, following two years of government spying scandals, consumers have lost trust in the companies' ability to protect their digital information. In response, Silicon Valley's major players, including Adobe, Apple, Facebook, LinkedIn, Dropbox, Google, and Twitter, all threw their support behind the bill. After months of negotiation, the state's major law enforcement organizations also withdrew their opposition, stating that the bill struck an appropriate balance between public safety and privacy. The San Diego Police Officers Association further lent its endorsement to S.B. 178, arguing that clear processes for obtaining data would improve their ability to do their jobs, while also protecting privacy.
CalECPA's passage marks a significant milestone in the campaign to update computer privacy laws, which have been stuck in the 1980s.
https://www.freedomfightersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Jbrown.jpg 515 600 Paskalos /wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ff-logo-flag-340x92-300x81.png Paskalos2015-10-09 08:14:582015-10-09 08:14:58Brown Signs Bill Requiring Cops To Get Warrant For Data
Shooter Targets Christians In Gun Free Zone
In another Gun Free Zone shooting a gunman killed as many as 10 people at the Umpqua Community College in Oregon on Thursday, he has been identified as 26-year-old Chris Harper Mercer, police told CBS News. The shooter was killed in a firefight with Douglas County sheriff's deputies, according to Sheriff John Hanlin.
Mercer reportedly demanded to know victims' religions before killing them, according to witnesses and authorities.
First there was this account from student Kortney Moore printed by The News-Review:
Kortney Moore, 18, from Rogue River, was in her Writing 115 class in Snyder Hall when one shot came through a window. She saw her teacher get shot in the head. The shooter was inside at that point, and he told people to get on the ground. The shooter was asking people to stand up and state their religion and then started firing away, Moore said. Moore was lying there with people who had been shot.
The New York Post followed up with a report of its own on an account someone tweeted out:
"The shooter was lining people up and asking if they were Christian," she wrote. "If they said yes, then they were shot in the head. If they said no, or didn't answer, they were shot in the legs. My grandma just got to my house, and she was in the room. She wasn't shot, but she is very upset."
Some media outlets are reporting that the campus was not a gun free zone and Oregon is an open carry state. Unfortunately for the college students attending the school the student hand book states otherwise.
In addition to the written policy of the community college, the university's president, Rita Cavin, stated in a press conference that the university is a gun-free campus and there are "no plans" to change security policy.
https://www.freedomfightersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/OREGON-SCHOOL-SHOOTING.jpg 401 534 Paskalos /wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ff-logo-flag-340x92-300x81.png Paskalos2015-10-02 06:17:442015-10-02 06:49:03Shooter Targets Christians In Gun Free Zone
5th Amendment Protects Your Phone's Passcode
September 29, 2015 /0 Comments/in News /by Paskalos
Having a pass-code on your phone might be your best defense in a case where a device's data could be used against you.
In January, the Securities and Exchange Commission accused two analysts for Capital One Financial Corp. of insider trading. The SEC claimed the two turned a $150,000 investment into $2.8 million with the information they gleaned.
Even though the two men had company-owned smartphones while the insider trading was allegedly happening, Capital One did not know the pass-code for either device.
So, after firing the two men and collecting their phones, Capital One turned the handsets over to the SEC. But the devices were still locked, so the commission tried to compel the men to give up their pass-codes.
What did they do? They pleaded the Fifth. That's the amendment that says people can't be forced to incriminate themselves.
That defense ended up working in favor of the two former Capital One analysts. The judge decided the codes were personal information — not corporate records, since the company never knew the codes to begin with — and could be considered self-incriminating if given up.
The SEC tried to argue that the codes didn't qualify for this protection because the government already knew the information existed and knew where it was located — an argument that's worked in similar cases — but the judge didn't agree. (Video via YouTube / EverythingApplePro)
The judge basically said the SEC didn't have proof of any incriminating documents on the pass-code-protected phones, or that any such information existed at all.
So a pass-code could save you in a trial, if you plan on pleading the Fifth, but fingerprints still can't. Other judges have ruled that biometric data doesn't reveal anything a defendant knows and therefore doesn't qualify as self-incriminating information. (Video via Apple)
https://www.freedomfightersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/phone.jpg 534 950 Paskalos /wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ff-logo-flag-340x92-300x81.png Paskalos2015-09-29 09:54:032015-09-29 09:54:035th Amendment Protects Your Phone's Passcode
Obama: Gay 'Marriage' Trumps Freedom of Religion
President Barack Obama made clear where he stands on religious conscience rights: he believes the "right" to gay "marriage" is more important. He told a Democratic National Committee LGBT fundraiser in New York City on Sunday that when there is a contest between these two competing "rights," he believed an individual's had to give way.
"We affirm that we cherish our religious freedom and are profoundly respectful of religious traditions," Obama said. "But we also have to say clearly that our religious freedom doesn't grant us the freedom to deny our fellow Americans their constitutional rights. And that even as we are respectful and accommodating genuine concerns and interests of religious institutions, we need to reject politicians who are supporting new forms of discrimination as a way to scare up votes."
"That's not how we move America forward," he said.
His opponents, like Gov. Mike Huckabee, don't rightly respect the Constitution, he said.
Proponents of religious liberty say the Constitution contains no right to gay "marriage," but the First Amendment clearly protects the "freedom of religion."
https://www.freedomfightersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/obama.jpg 340 618 Paskalos /wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ff-logo-flag-340x92-300x81.png Paskalos2015-09-29 09:32:332015-09-29 09:32:51Obama: Gay 'Marriage' Trumps Freedom of Religion
The last gun shop in San Francisco is closing
Next month will mark the end of an era in San Francisco as the city's sole remaining gun shop closes its doors. High Bridge Arms has been in business at the same location since the 1950s, but with the next round of city regulations and restrictions on gun dealers (which means just High Bridge) the city fathers have found the straw required to break the camel's back. It's a glorious day for liberals. (Fox News)
Business for the last gun shop in the city of 840,000 has been good, according to Alcairo, especially since the store, which caters to law enforcement and outdoors enthusiasts, announced it would close next month.
Situated in the prominent city heart of Mission Street, High Bridge Arms was founded in the mid-1950s by Bob Chow, who competed in the 1948 Olympics 25-yard pistol shooting event. By some accounts a Bay Area institution, it has long been a tourist destination – specially for members of the law enforcement community who visit the city.
"I found the staff to be friendly, decent, law-abiding people who have been harassed by the San Francisco anti-gun crowd for quite some time," Jim Wilson, a retired sheriff from Alpine, Texas, told FoxNews.com as he recalled stopping by the shop during a visit to San Francisco a few years back.
The new city laws were so far over the top that it's difficult to imagine them surviving a court challenge, but the owners apparently don't feel like converting their entire operation into little more than a legal defense fund to keep fighting the liberal legislature. They were going to force them to record videos of every customer in the store and keep those videos available permanently. The personal information of every customer would have to be turned over to the police department each and every week even if there wasn't a hint of an allegation that any crime had taken place. In short, the rules were designed to force the shop to harass their own customers mercilessly to the point where no reasonable person would want to shop there anyway.
As the general manager viewed it, the writing was on the wall.
"This time, it's the idea of filming our customers taking delivery of items after they already completed waiting periods," Alcairo said. "We feel this is a tactic designed to discourage customers from coming to us.
"This year, it's this and next year will probably be something else," Alcairo added. "We don't want to wait for it."
The reason this is such a huge victory for the Left is that they've finally found an escape hatch to go around the courts and the Second Amendment. They were unable to flatly make guns illegal or to order the closure of a legally operated business, but with one strike after another they were able to finally harass them into closing. The real world effect is negligible, of course, since law abiding gun owners can still go somewhere else to purchase their guns, but it's still a "moral" victory in terms of driving the evil gun shop out of their peace loving neighborhood.
And hey… it's not like San Francisco is full of crime to the point where citizens would need to arm themselves, right?
By Jazz Shaw September 27, 2015 (Hotair)
https://www.freedomfightersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/High-Bridge-Arms1.jpg 480 720 Paskalos /wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ff-logo-flag-340x92-300x81.png Paskalos2015-09-28 10:22:292015-09-28 10:22:29The last gun shop in San Francisco is closing
Rasmussen: Only 34 Percent Support Federal Gun Control Laws
Rasmussen released a poll On September 23, which shows only 34 percent of likely voters believe the federal government should be involved in gun control.
Thirty-six percent of likely voters believe gun control ought to be left up to state governments while 18 percent believe it ought to be up counties and municipalities.
According to Rasmussen, the percent of likely voters who oppose the idea of banning guns for everyone but government entities continues to grow. For example, "69 percent think it would be bad for the country if only the government had guns, [which is] up seven points from 62% in December." Moreover, 68 percent of likely voters—nearly 7 out of 10—"would feel safer living in a neighborhood where they can own a gun" rather than in one where a gun ownership ban is in place.
When Rasmussen delved into basic questions about support for gun control versus opposition to gun control, they found only 43 percent of likely voters support more gun control, while 48 percent oppose it. They also found that likely voters continue to view the heinous August 26 shooting of WDBJ-TV reporter Alison Parker and cameraman Adam Ward as a mental health issue instead of a matter to be addressed with gun control.
https://www.freedomfightersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/gun-rally.jpg 425 660 Paskalos /wp-content/uploads/2015/06/ff-logo-flag-340x92-300x81.png Paskalos2015-09-25 07:47:182015-09-25 07:47:18Rasmussen: Only 34 Percent Support Federal Gun Control Laws
Alternative Entry
Sweepstakes Copy
Tactical Adventure Sweepstakes – Grand Prize
Tactical Adventure Sweepstakes – Prizes Tabs
Tactical Adventure Sweepstakes – Second Prize
Tactical Adventure Sweepstakes – Second Prize Tab Info
Tactical Adventure Sweepstakes – Third Prize
Tactical Adventure Sweepstakes – Third Prize Tab Info
Tactical Training Adventure Sweepstakes – Official Rules
© Copyright - Freedom Fighters Foundation


text:
Institutional Picaresque
Robert Higney
The development of the new modernist studies of the past fifteen years has involved what we could term, to borrow a phrase that has circulated in the social sciences since the nineties, a "new institutionalism."
Institutions of Reading
Michael Patrick Hart
As Laura Heffernan has recently limned in her piece on the "New Disciplinary History," literary studies has determinedly taken to retrack its epistemologies and reconfigure the discipline in terms of reading itself.
Modernist Institutions, Modern Infrastructures, and the Making of the US-Mexico Borderlands
Carlos Alonso Nugent
In 1927, Ansel Adams, Albert Bender, and Bertha Damon drove through the US-Mexico borderlands. While Bender was already a prominent patron of the arts, and while Damon was already an established environmental writer, Adams was at a creative...
Modern Institutions and the Civilizing Mission
Emma West
In September 1927, Edward McKnight Kauffer's "One Third of the Empire is in the Tropics" poster set appeared on over 1,000 specially built poster frames across Britain and in capital cities across the British Empire (figs. 1 and 2). Commissioned...
The GPO and Modernist Design
Michael McCluskey
The 1938 documentary film Mony a Pickle (1938) stages a sequence in which a young couple imagines their future life in a flat of their own. As they each describe what they want in their new, modern home, their wishes come to life through...
The Institution as Infrastructure: The International American Chamber of Commerce and Transatlantic Trade
Nissa Ren Cannon
In a 1913 pamphlet, F. T. Marinetti, best known for his "Manifesto of Futurism," attributed the twentieth century's "complete renewal of human sensibility" to a series of technological innovations, including "the telegraph, the telephone, the...
What Are We to Do with Our Lives? The League of Nations, Open Conspiracy, and the World State
Matthew Chambers
Focus on modernist institutions requires attention to modernist institutionalism as well. Whereas focus on the former involves the ways in which literary and cultural developments are conditioned and made possible by publishers, publications,...
Modernist Institutions
Rainey's Institutions: Twenty Years Later
Nov 9, 2020 By: Megan Faragher and Caroline Z. Krzakowski
Twenty years after the publication of Lawrence Rainey's Institutions of Modernism, our field once again finds itself wrestling with its troubled relationship with institutionalism. But where once Rainey argued, incisively, that literary modernism was self-aware of its own marketability and commodification, cocreating modernism as a discrete institution in its own right, we now find ourselves productively applying this rubric to the field's institutionalization within academia itself. Just as Rainey's argument stood against long-held myths about modernism's fundamental anti-institutionalism, avant-gardism, and resistance to authority, recent reprisals of the "institutional" debate have asked us to apply the same critical hermeneutic towards the academic field of modernist studies itself. At a time when cultural institutions are increasingly under attack, we find ourselves defending academic freedom and the important work of cultural institutions in the public sphere. Simultaneously, we also seek to examine institutions critically, as so many have been complicit in establishing and maintaining systems of power and privilege. Along those lines, the recent dialogue between Michael Shallcross and Luke Seaber, "The Trouble with Modernism," fundamentally asks for us to examine how modernist studies, filtered through the infrastructure of academe, has itself become institutionalized. Seaber argues that "[a]cademia, in the institutional sense, does seem to require Modernist Studies to take in more and more material hitherto not thought of as 'modernist.'"[1] Shallcross additionally states that we might even see modernism's ever-expanding canon as a "quasi-imperialist process of assimilation." In further exploration of modernism's institutionalization, we continue to find the dialogic form a productive method of self-reflexive examination; to that end, we hope that the following cluster on "Modernist Institutions" energizes others and enables a continuing debate and discussions of the role of institutions in our time and in our field.
As we again tackle institutionalism—the amorphous underbelly of the modernist project—this cluster not only revisits the role of modernism as a type of institution, but also (and perhaps more importantly) examines how institutionalism itself finds its most appropriate home within modernist studies. By looking beyond institutions towards institutionalism, this cluster argues that institutions are not simply discrete agencies, organizations, bureaucracies, or fields; additionally, we theorize institutionalism as a form of praxis. Looking beyond the institution as a singular exemplar, institutionalism articulates a way of thinking: an epistemological framework through which modernism had to conceptualize itself, and by which we continue to conceptualize modernism. Contributors in this cluster likewise add to our understanding of institutionalism as a theory and praxis—one that, as Michael McCluskey states, privileges "integration over disruption." As we continue to discuss the strength and power of institutional thinking (a point tacitly made in recent considerations of weak theory), we must continue to suss out just how institutionalism has extended its tentacles into both modernism and modernist studies.[2] But as we do so, we also want to recognize an inherent, and perhaps unexpected, weakness that undergirds institutionalism's purported strength—the small gaps and chasms of opportunity from which resistance to institutional power emerge.
Literature and the New Institutionalism
While modernist scholars were responding to Rainey's modernist institutions, a silent revolution was taking place within the disciplines of political science and sociology; the field of "new institutionalism" emerged to explain the complex and mutable position of institutions as they confronted social change. In borrowing from Pierre Bourdieu's dynamic vision of cultural fields, scholars across the social sciences reassessed the dominant vision of institutions as staid and sluggish, instead reflecting that—much like people—institutions are "potentially contradictory," allowing individuals inside them to "transform the institutional relations of society by exploiting these contradictions."[3] In so doing, neo-institutionalism opened a space for viewing institutions as both susceptible to change under the pressure of shifting norms and as agents of change, fostering institutionally inflected cognitive frameworks that alter the structure of the societies of which they are a part. Certainly, one need only think of Winston Smith's capitulation to Big Brother in Nineteen Eighty-Four to recognize the potentially dire stakes of a unilateral epistemological institutionalism. But more than simply noting an individual as a mental slave to a depersonalized institution, new institutionalism recognizes the dialectical relationship between institutions and society, the former producing its own version of values in alignment with its rigid formal structures, with the later constructing its own set of counter-values to be likewise impressed upon institutions themselves.[4]
Reinforcing the value of "newness" in our discussions of both modernism and institutionalism, Douglas Mao and Rebecca Walkowitz's formative essay on new modernisms paralleled this cross-disciplinary turn towards new institutionalism, denoting the former as engaged in "intensified awareness of what was once taken to be historiography's fundamental business: acts of leaders and governments, mobilizations of national and international sentiments," and "transformations of partisan institutions."[5] Aside from the allusion to institutions, there are other reasons to see a convergence between the new modernisms and new institutionalisms of the 1990s and 2000s. For one, both are meant to be expansionist, not refractory, categories of definition. Mark Granovetter sees the neo-institutional relationship between the social and institutional in terms of their mutual "embeddedness," rebuking the notion that modernization remodeled social relations to mirror institutions and instead suggesting that institutions are equally responsive to the changing structure of social relations.[6] Institutional expansion, therefore, always carries with it a social expansion, as the dynamics between the institutions and their myriad actors become increasingly intertwined. This penchant towards what Mao and Walkowitz call "vertical expansion" helps define our vision of institutional modernisms in this cluster, as artistic works struggle between their institutional embeddedness and their liminal autonomy; they are never fully subsumed by the institutions which they occupy; they can act on them as well as in them. The embedded nature of the relationship between institutions and actors instantiates a model of historical change homologous to the expansionism of new modernisms, whereby new institutionalism focuses on "continuity rather than change," and "reproduction rather than transformation" (Lecours, "New Institutionalism," 11). Within recent modernist studies, renewed scholarly attention on the counterintuitive importance of aesthetic continuity with mass institutionalization has allowed for the expansion of modernism and the decentering of a canon so often framed in terms of its penchant for radical breaks and transformations.[7] Along these lines, a new modernism informed by a new institutionalism continues this trend towards canonic expansion, but with a difference. By framing modernism as an institution that maintains an isomorphic relationship with all other institutions, including social ones, this cluster enables us to reflect on texts and cultural forms born of institutionalism and not traditionally seen in standard canons of modernist cultural studies.[8]
Buttressing a critique of the modernist canon along institutional lines, Bourdieu prefigured neo-institutional arguments by suggesting that we might conceive of the "avant-garde" as a model of institutionalization in the "lowest degree"; by working "against institutions," such aesthetic movements positioned themselves within alternative "institution[s] of freedom."[9] Within modernist studies, definitions and notions of institutionalism have expanded to meet Bourdieu's challenge, mirroring the extension of institutionalisms in the sociological sphere. Along the way, some have envisioned alternative modernist institutional frameworks beyond problematical categories like the "Pound Era" or the "Auden Generation."[10]
This valuable, recuperative scholarly work, pushing back against patriarchal and Eurocentric visions of literary modernism, weaponizes academic institutions towards the work of retroactive restorative justice. But it is also crucial to remember that, within the historical context of modernism, institutionality continued to be a determinative and oppressive force. Institutions are, overwhelmingly "instruments of national identity," and this has had a significant impact on the ability for non-white authors to participate in and benefit from the privilege of literary and cultural institutions.[11] A discussion of institutions in the context of modernism must wrestle with the reality that the exportation of institutions abroad, as Pascale Casanova argues, "constituted a sort of extension of European national literary spaces" (World Republic, 115). We see this concretely within Emma West's contribution on the work of American Chambers of Commerce, which sought to use European (and global) expansion to reinforce American cultural dominance globally. That the most forceful and powerful institutions remained those in the metropolitan and European centers meant that writers in the so-called periphery were made to "struggle in very tangible ways . . . to gain admission to its central precincts," making them "more clearsighted than others about the nature and form of the literary balance of power" (43). Robert Higney's contribution on Mulk Raj Anand in this cluster—among others—testifies to the challenging position of writers, who gained admission and challenged the uneven relationship between institutional centers and their peripheries.
Institutional Audiences
Modernism, in particular, deserves unique consideration as an era defined by the rise of the institution. And, as the contributions to this cluster demonstrate, the rise of these institutions led to new institutionalized audiences—both in the centers and in so-called "peripheral" geographical and social spaces. In the early decades of the twentieth century, modern institutions both created and responded to new audiences. The rise of cultural institutions coincided with several crises—political, social, and environmental. But as they did so, they often reified extant structures of privilege. While the League of Nations, formed in the wake of the First World War, attempted to stave off future conflicts by arbitrating disputes between nations, it did so by wielding a paternalistic Eurocentrism. By institutionalizing internationalism, the League of Nations stepped in where individual or national efforts at creating peaceful relations among states foundered. Other organizations, from the General Post Office (see Michael McCluskey) to the Empire Marketing Board (see Emma West) and the American Chamber of Commerce (see Nissa Ren Cannon), navigated the transition from an imperialist geopolitical landscape to greater national autonomy at midcentury; but they, too, did so by relying on and promoting nationalist visions of middle-class citizenship, both at home and abroad.
Several pieces in this cluster examine how precisely dynamics between audiences and institutions are palpable in efforts to reify cultural norms. While the Theatre of the Absurd used shock to awaken its audiences, some institutions constructed their publics and readers to be placidly schooled. Modern institutions correct and refine taste. In some cases, institutions even promote a taste and hunger for modernity. As Emma West points out, "Like nineteenth-century religious missionaries before them, modern institutions like the EMB implicitly sought to 'improve' AND 'correct' the British public's inferior taste and behavior, this time through the medium of art and design." Additionally, Matthew Chambers's essay demonstrates how the League of Nations Union fostered an audience that would be receptive to its aims, as evinced in Wells's notion of a "competent receiver" an audience who could "swallow the cosmopolitanism he was cooking up." Critics also enshrined certain reading practices, as Michael Hart's contribution demonstrates. Sir Arthur Quillier-Couch allowed students their own archive but ended up arguing for the merits of literary study as a reparative endeavor in the wake of the First World War. Literature becomes welded to projects of national rebuilding, even as supranational political institutions question the ends of nationalism. And, as Evan Kindley's work demonstrates, even modernists who claimed to resist mass-cultural expectations sought out audiences that might cultivate and embrace modernist aesthetics.[12]
But complicating the unilateral model that privileges the institution's ability to produce its own audience, recent studies of modernism have transformed the way scholars look at the relationship between European institutions and global audiences. For example, Peter Kalliney's Modernism in a Global Context looks at the new global communities that emerged from the postcolonial moment and which energized so-called metropolitan centers. In his discussion of literary prizes, writers' conferences, publishers, and little magazines, Kalliney points out that "Modernism becomes a global cultural movement through the establishment of networks across the world—institutions that have primarily, though not exclusively, served the needs of metropolitan cultural production. Although Paris and London play important roles in this account, their dominance is far from absolute. These cities relied heavily on contributions from colonial and postcolonial intellectuals."[13] In this cluster, Robert Higney's contribution and methodology highlights the conflict between Mulk Raj Anand and his English editors, the former writing in barely coded language critiquing the latter's efforts to constrain him comfortably within nationalist institutional paradigms. Individual recalcitrance toward institutional overreach is a prevalent theme throughout the cluster; while the F. R. Leavis vision of the reading public sought to free individuals from the stultified influence of institutional control, Michael Hart elevation of Quiller-Couch demonstrates the importance of neo-institutional defiance. His citation of the ambulado (or an ambulatory) approach to literary criticism both embraces his power within the institution and seeks to demonstrate institutionalism's inherent tractability. Much the same can be said for Robert Higney's citation of the institutional picaro: the figure within the institution who is, so to speak, always tearing down the factory with its own tools.
Institutional Scope
This cluster's appeal to an institutional modernism is, in part at least, a demand that we come to terms with the scope and scale of institutionalism and the repercussions of its documentarian impulses to amass and control information. The scale of an institution's power is directly proportional to and embodied by (or is it threatened by?) the records it keeps: records of citizens, treatises, pamphlets, memos, reports, surveys, and data; the ability to collect and deploy such information underscores the importance of institutional infrastructures that aid in its amassment. The increased capability of record-keeping and transmission throughout the modernist period is a way of reifying and acquiring power, even over subjects who are mobile and inaccessible, as Nissa Ren Cannon's discussion of the American Chamber of Commerce in Germany reminds us. And, as other essays in this cluster suggest, access to such materials provide institutional actors a fragment of the power association with such information. Melanie Micir and Aarthi Vadde's "Obliterature," notes that modernization is "synonymous with professionalization and with the compartmentalized conception of knowledge on which it is based."[14] Always merging knowledge and power, Michel Foucault also links what he calls governmentality—the concentration of institutional power that facilitates control over populations—with the convergence of two facets: the apparatuses of state power and the knowledges that fuel the disciplinary mechanisms of that power.[15] The methods by which institutional infrastructures concretize a new epistemological relationship to information, not unexpectedly, correlates with new aestheticization of this informatic sensibility, as demonstrated by scholars like James Purdon, whose Modernist Informatics reminds us of the dialectic relationship between data and power. Thinking even more expansively, in his exploration of how "data can both picture and manage the world," John Durham Peters theory of "elemental media" doubles down on the materiality of information culture, seeing "media practices and institutions as embedded in relations with both the natural and the human worlds."[16] As he builds on the rhetoric first deployed by neo-institutionalism, this vision of modernist culture as awash with informational, data-driven, and even statistical knowledge—born of institutionalism—suggests a version of modernism homologous to the institutions themselves, which added complexity to their infrastructural apparatus to manage this new information-rich world.[17]
If it is well-understood that institutional infrastructure has produced a concentrated and centralized form of power throughout modernity, it remains to us to consider the further repercussions of the institutional archival impulse. In Collecting as Modernist Practice, Jeremy Braddock traces the rise of modernism's "collecting aesthetic" as belying a "general concern with the art's institutional representation and future authority" (emphases added, 2). Indeed, the rise of institutional modernism, as much as it reminds us of the centralization of power within bureaucracies and agencies, also underscores anxieties about futurity that lie just beneath the surface of such assiduous record-keeping and documentation. To account for institutional scale is not just to account for the breadth of institutional power, but also the diachronic nature of the power that it promises. In other words, the institutional archival impulse speaks to fears and anxieties over the longevity of the powers that institutions project. The establishment of American Chambers of Commerce around the globe at the start of the twentieth century surely speaks to the burgeoning power of American cultural influence, but is it not, also, a nervous recognition of the fragility of such power? Even more to this point, the Empire Marketing Board's interwar civilizing mission now stands, with the benefit of retrospection, as an antecedent to the weakening of British imperial authority. And was not the League of Nations always a testament to a crumbling sense of global cohesion? It behooves us to recognize that modern institutionalism's penchant for the archival is itself a recognition of the permeable, fragile nature of such bureaucracies, even as it purportedly attests to the permanent power of institutions. Additionally, artists and writers who work within institutional frameworks do not always fully align themselves with the institution's self-proclaimed aims; within the relationship between institution and bureaucrats lie momentary fissures and breaks that expose institutional frailty. While there is a tendency to consider these recalcitrant stances of insiders to their own institutions as inherently subversive, we consider that such oppositional positionality is simply uncovering the political unconscious of the institutional project itself. The stability and comprehensiveness promised by centralized bureaucratic systems consequently underscore their instability and ephemerality. As Sven Spieker argues in The Big Archive, the technological means by which modern bureaucracies began the "control revolution" also "carried with them an increased, yet largely unacknowledged, risk of an uncanny loss of control."[18] As we see in so many of the contributions to this cluster, within the monumental scope of institutional power lies an implicit recognition of institutional dismantlement.
As bureaucracy shakily asserts its own mastery of contemporary records, institutions are likewise troubled by their fixation on their own durability. Foucault notes that the induction of a world "laid out in terms of classificatory forms of intelligibility" equates to a tacit acceptance of a world without cause—a questioning of anthropocentrism in a world devoid of "prodigies, marvels, and signs" (Security, 236). What Foucault calls the "de-governmentalization of the cosmos," corresponding with the rise of governmental institutionalism, likewise brings with it an acceptance of the limited scope of man's control over the natural world; the cumbersome documentation of human systems through bureaucratic networks only underscores our inability to manipulate and manage the natural world. For all that institutions do to preserve the human record and maintain detailed histories, the supposedly comprehensive nature of institutional grasp is little but a taciturn secession of man from the realm of planetary history, its passion now reoriented towards sociological control via the exponential growth of institutional bodies. As we consider Carlos Alonso Nugent's essay in this cluster on the institutional management of the American southwest and the reification of these institutions in modernist aesthetics, we affirm that at the heart of the bureaucratic impulse always lies the suppressed acquiescence to the finite and limited nature of humanity's planetary supremacy.
While a focus on institutions risks presenting itself as a reclamation of the proverbial "centers" of culture—whether they be geographical or cultural—the essays in this cluster, informed by a neo-institutional instinct, all point to the way that so-called peripheries are necessarily imbricated within and dialectically engaged with institutional centrality. As these essays also demonstrate, far from providing monolithic dictation of cultural values, the institutional impulses towards amassing data, managing audiences, and neutralizing autonomy often work against themselves, exposing a wavering and insecure institutional unconscious. As institutions inherently attempt to erase peripheral figures and spaces, continued efforts to manage and control them inevitably reveal moments of institutional precarity. Reflecting on larger issues of precarity in our field—whether it be in publishing or the academic labor marketing more generally—a focus on the power of social activism within institutional structures can provide new avenues for speaking to not only modernist studies, but literary studies more generally.
[1] Luke Seaber and Michael Shallcross, "The Trouble with Modernism: A Dialogue," The Modernist Review, June 2019.
[2] In "Weak Theory, Weak Modernism," Paul K. Saint-Amour productively frames modernism's initial canonization as born of a "warrior masculinity," now widely contested. As weak theory seeks to undermine what he calls the "institutional prejudices" that had so long sidelined disenfranchised writers, it does so while citing the same forms of criticism that have become so crucial to examining the preternatural strengths and weaknesses of institutions, including Mark Granovetter's work on weak impersonal ties (Modernism/modernity 25, no. 3 [2018]: 437–59, 437, 440).
[3] Roger Friedland and Robert R. Alford, "Bringing Society Back In: Symbols, Practices, and Institutional Contradictions," in New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, ed. Walter Powell and Paul DiMaggio, (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1991), 232–66, 232.
[4] See André Lecours, "New Institutionalism: Issues and Questions" in New Institutionalism: Theory and Analysis. ed. André Lecours (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2005), 3–26, 7.
[5] Douglas Mao and Rebecca Walkowitz, "The New Modernist Studies," PMLA 123, no. 3 (2008), 737–48, 745.
[6] Mark Granovetter, "Economic Action and Social Structure: The Problem of Embeddedness," American Journal of Sociology 91, no. 3 (1985): 481–510, 482.
[7] Just as Saint-Amour argues against the institutionalization of the "heroic 'men of 1914'" and the role of that institutionalization in the initial framing of modernism, others have overtly or covertly recognized the centrality of white men within institutional centers, including Rainey and Braddock. Our hope is that one way of decentralizing male institutionalism is by reframing our notion of what institutions consist of; an expansionist (and even weak) model of institutionalism prevails upon us to revisit the actual power of institutions to exercise control and power ("Weak Theory, Weak Modernism," 440).
[8] Paul DiMaggio and Walter Powell, key critics in the new institutionalism, outlines the process of institutional isomorphism as the "constraining process that forces one unit . . . to resemble other units that face the same set of environmental conditions," producing a type of institution homogenization ("The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizations," American Sociological Review 48 (1983): 147–60, 149.)
[9] Pierre Bourdieu, "The Field of Cultural Production, or: The Economic World Revisited," Poetics 12 no. 4. (1983): 311–56, 343.
[10] New nodal networks like those laid out in The Gender of Modernism work to reorient our views of the canon away from these troubling groupings. Additionally, much recent scholarship has made an "institutional turn," looking to the way that literature informs and is informed by institutional praxis. By looking to art collectors, archives and anthologies, Jeremy Braddock's Collecting as Modernist Practice (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2012) articulates the importance of modernism's "consumers" for its institutionalization. Sarah Brouillette's recent UNESCO and the Fate of the Literary (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press) looks at how UNESCO appropriated literature to pursue ideological aims.
[11] Pascale Casanova, The World Republic of Letters, trans. M. B. Debevoise, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press 2004), 105.
[12] Evan Kindley's Poet-Critics and the Administration of Culture (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017) attested to modernism's infiltration of "bureaucratic administration[s]" that resulted from the dissipating "old model of private patronage" (5).
[13] Peter J. Kalliney, Modernism in a Global Context (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2015), 90.
[14] Melanie Micir and Aarthi Vadde, "Obliterature: Towards an Amateur Criticism," Modernism/modernity 25, no. 3 (2018): 517–49, 518.
[15] Michel Foucault, Security, Territory, and Population. Ed., Michel Senellart. Transl. Graham Burchell (New York: Picador 2009), 108.
[16] John Durham Peters, The Marvelous Clouds: Toward a Philosophy of Elemental Media (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2015), 20, 377.
[17] James Purdon's Modernist Informatics (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015) extensively describes the power of state-appropriated information and the rise of information cultures within modernist literature.
[18] Sven Spieker, The Big Archive: Art from Bureaucracy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008), 5.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


MARWAH و * شهدوده * و shrwet و 1 وأخرون أعجبهم هذا.
صاحبة الـ@ـسك و amani1 و shrwet و 1 وأخرون أعجبهم هذا.
--if thereis dangerous about my life and baby life I won't fast but if iam O.K i can fast and 'll be happy to do that.
صاحبة الـ@ـسك و amani1 و tuta. أعجبهم هذا.
Doc: marhaba. . Kef halek?
doc: as long as you eat at least two meals the baby should be fine.
Its true anyone new to fasting will find it hard to fast from food and drink all day long, that's why its our job to train our kids to fast, with my son i know he is way too young to start but he sees everyone around him fasting and getting close to Allah, he wants to do the same, thats why i sent the note with him didnt you read it?? He must have lost it, i wrote telling you that he wants to fast but i'm onily allowing him to fast a couple hours per day and if at any time he tells you he is thirsty or hungry or even you feel that he isnt concentrating enough or absent minded please make him eat, i included a snack and a drink in his bag also his older brother who is 8 fasts a full day because he is trained and is able to fast a full day please send him to the library where he can read book or draw or do homework during lunch period.
He should be fine unless you notice him to be disoreinted and unable to concentrate then he could eat a bar of chocolate to raise his sugar level a bit. . He fted last year with no problem. .
Fasting is important because during this month not only it cleanses his organs from toxins it also cleanses his. Soul from sin, i know you must be thinking i.m crazy because he is too young but he is never yoo young to get close to Allah and love him a fraction of what he loves us.
ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻓﻮﺍ ﺍﻧﺎ ﺻﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻭﻟﺎﺟﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﻴﻄ ﺑﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺼﻴﺮ و ﻣﺎ ﺣﺼﻞ ﻣﻌﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻧﻬﻮﺍﻟﺠﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺩ ﻣﺶ ﺣﺮ و ﺻﻴﻒ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﻪ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﻓﺎﺗﺖ ﺍﻟﻠﻬم.ﻧﺠﻨﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻨﻢ. و ﺩﻛﺘﻮﺭﻱ ﻳﻮﻧﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺮﻳﺐ ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﻠﻤﻴﻦ و ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﺍﺣﻴﺎﻧﺎ ﺍﺷﻚ ﺍﻧﺖ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺲ ﺑﺴﺘﺤﻰ ﺍﺳﺄﻝ و ﺍﺣﺮﺟﻪ و ﻛﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﺟﻮﺍ ﻋﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺴﺎﺀ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﻓﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﺎﺭﻑ ﻋن ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻴﻞ و ﻣﺘﻮﻗﻊ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ ﺯﻳﻲ ﺗﻴﺠﻲ ﻧﻌﻠﻦ ﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺪﺧﺎ ﺗﺼﻮﻡ ﻣﺼﻴﺒﻪ ﺧﺦ. . ﻣﺎﻳﺎ ﺻﺎﻣﺖ ﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻧﺎﻃﺮﻩ ﺗﻴﺠﻲ و ﺗﻌﻂﻴﻨﺎ ﺟﻮﺍﺑﻬﺎ ﻟﻠﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭﻩ .
amani1 و MARWAH و mayaaa أعجبهم هذا.


text:
MercedesCup
CLS 63 AMG Shooting Brake
World Premiere Mercedes-AMG GT R
smart ed
Download all media
80 years ago: victory by the Mercedes-Benz W 25 in the International Eifel Race gave birth to the legend of the Silver Arrows
Available media
Show media
The silver-coloured body of the W 25 gave this nickname to the racing cars from Mercedes-Benz
Successful new development by Mercedes-Benz for the750-kilogram racing formula
Manfred von Brauchitsch drove the W 25 to victory and established a new track record for Nürburgring
It was a debut in sparkling silver, and it ended with shining gold: the first race at Nürburgring with the completely newly developed Mercedes-Benz W 25 racing car on 3 June 1934 was won by Manfred von Brauchitsch with an average speed of 122.5 km/h – a new track record. However, the victory was almost outshone by the sensational fact that the new Mercedes-Benz racing car took to the track with its aluminium body in shining silver rather than with the classic paint finish in racing white. According to the legend, the metallic silver skin was only exposed during the night before the race, by grinding off the white paint to bring the starting weight of the W 25 down to the limit prescribed by the race rules. In subsequent years, this first appearance by a Mercedes-Benz Silver Arrow founded a glorious tradition of great motor racing victories with racing cars and racing sports cars that continues to this day.
Premiere, victory and track record: the International Eifel Race on 3 June 1934 was dominated by the new Mercedes-Benz W 25. Manfred von Brauchitsch drove to victory at the Nürburgring on the first appearance of the racing car developed from 1933 for the 750-kilogram formula applicable from 1934. Thus began an unrivalled series of successes achieved by the W 25 and subsequent Mercedes-Benz Silver Arrows in the years up to 1939. After the Second World War Mercedes-Benz followed up on these outstanding successes, initially in the 1952 season with racing sports cars, and then with two Formula 1 world championship titles in succession from 1954.
A new star on the horizon
Unemployment and an economic crisis – the year 1932 was not an auspicious time for motor sport activities in Germany. Even the racing department at Mercedes-Benz, whose supercharged model K, S, SS, SSK, and SSKL touring cars had dominated the European motor sport scene in the late 1920s and the start of the 1930s, was closed.
Yet there was hope for the future. Because in autumn 1932 the motor sport authority AIACR (Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus) in Paris announced a new formula for Grand Prix racing that would apply from 1934: cars were permitted to weigh a maximum of 750 kilograms without fuel, oil, coolant, and tyres, but there were no other design restrictions. In 1933, Mercedes-Benz decided to develop a completely new racing car for the new formula. The racing team for 1934 was to include Manfred von Brauchitsch, Rudolf Caracciola, Luigi Fagioli, Hanns Geier, and Ernst Henne.
The intention of the AIACR's 750-kilogram formula was to limit the speed of racing cars compared to the previous generation: the rulemakers clearly assumed that only small engines with a low output could be installed in lightweight racing cars. However, they also underestimated the technical advances that had meanwhile been made: the W 25 developed in Stuttgart for the new formula was an extremely powerful racing car. And during the period of the 750-kilogram formula up to 1937 alone, the engine output of Mercedes-Benz racing cars would almost double up to a maximum of 475 kW (646 hp) thanks to continuous further development.
A powerful race-winner
Compared to the Auto Union with its mid-engine, the W 25 with a front-mounted engine appeared to be relatively conservative in design. However, this combination of a slim bodyshell, mechanically supercharged 3.4-litre in-line eight-cylinder engine, independent suspension and transmission directly over the rear axle produced an absolute race-winner. This already became apparent during the first test drives in Monza from February 1934, and on the motorway between Milan and Varese. The 235 kW (320 hp) car (later 260 kW/354 hp with a new fuel mixture) achieved top speeds of up to 280 km/h.
For the W 25, Mercedes-Benz opted for a paint finish in the new silver colour for the first time. How the racing car acquired this livery, which would later give rise to the generic term "Silver Arrows", is one of the great stories from 120 years of motor sport at Mercedes-Benz: the legend relates that before the race, the new W 25 cars weighed just one kilogram too much to meet the conditions for the 750-kilogram formula. During the evening before the race, racing manager Alfred Neubauer had a brainwave: the white paintwork had to be removed, which would produce the necessary weight saving. In his book of reminiscences "Men, Women and Engines", published in 1958, Neubauer described the nighttime scene in the pits: "Throughout that long night, the mechanics scrubbed the beautiful white paintwork from our Silver Arrows. And when they were put on the scales again next morning – they weighed precisely 750 kilos."
Triumph in the Eifel
The International Eifel Race at Nürburgring was one of the greatest motor sport events of the 1934 season. On that day in June, the popularity of motor racing as a mass phenomenon became very clear. In his memoirs entitled "No victory without a fight", published in 1964, Manfred von Brauchitsch remembers the flood of spectators that made the pilgrimage to the Nürburgring: "Numerous special trains brought the crowds to the small Eifel town of Adenau. Thousands of motorcycles, buses and trucks wound their way along the country roads to the Nürburgring. They came to the Eifel from Frankfurt, Düsseldorf, and Cologne, from the entire Ruhr region, from Munich, Hamburg, and Berlin, in excited expectation of a titanic battle between engines. 200,000 spectators lined the track. Many had already put up tents during the night at the Hatzenbach bend, the 'Carousel', the ' Fox tube', the Wehrseifen valley stretch, and at the 'Swallow's tail', to secure a good vantage point."
The starting flag was lowered in the afternoon, at approx. 3 p.m. The start had actually been planned for 1 p.m., after two motorcycle races, however bad weather delayed the start for the racing cars. Mercedes-Benz was represented by two vehicles: von Brauchitsch had start number 20, and Fagioli was at the wheel of number 22. The total line-up was 44 vehicles. Fagioli and von Brauchitsch took an early lead in the W 25, followed by Hans Stuck (Auto Union) and Louis Chiron (Alfa Romeo). Fagioli having been forced to retire in the 14th lap – the last but one – von Brauchitsch took the victory for Mercedes-Benz, followed by Stuck and Chiron.
The spectacular rise of the Silver Arrows
The victory in the International Eifel Race ushered in a whole series of wins and placings: in 1934, at the wheel of the Mercedes-Benz W 25, the drivers in the works team won the International Klausen Race (Caracciola), the Coppa Acerbo in Pascara (Fagioli), the Italian Grand Prix (Caracciola/Fagioli), and the Spanish Grand Prix (Fagioli). In addition, there were numerous top placings.
For Manfred von Brauchitsch the 1st place in the Eifel Race was the only victory in the 1934 season. Instead the success of the W 25, which competed in Grand Prix races until 1936, was dominated by Rudolf Caracciola. In the 1935 season, Caracciola won a total of six Grand Prix races at the wheel of the W 25, with Fagioli achieving a further three victories. In 1935, Rudolf Caracciola became European Champion after already winning the German Championship. When Auto Union racing cars proved dominant in the 1936 Grand Prix season, Mercedes-Benz developed the new W 125 Silver Arrow for 1937, the last year of the 750-kilogram formula. It was with this car that Caracciola once again won the European Championship.
Over the subsequent years and decades, the success story of the Silver Arrows was continued by numerous Mercedes-Benz racing cars. During the classic era of the Silver Arrows, these legendary cars included the W 154 (3-litre racing car, 1938 and 1939), the W 165 (1.5-litre racing car for the 1939 Tripoli Grand Prix), the 300 SL racing sports car (W 194, 1952), the W 196 R (2.5-litre Formula 1 racing car, 1954 and 1955), and the 300 SLR racing sports car (W 196 S, 1955). In the late 1980s, the Mercedes-Benz Silver Arrows initially returned to the circuit in Group C. Since 1994, the racing cars from Stuttgart have once again competed in Formula 1 – initially in partnership with Sauber and McLaren, and since 2010 with a newly established Formula 1 works team.
The Mercedes-Benz W 25 750-kilogram racing car
The W 25 was the first Mercedes-Benz racing car for the new Grand Prix formula valid from 1934. This formula prescribed a maximum weight of 750 kilograms for the vehicle (without service fluids and tyres) – in this way the organisers wanted to limit the power output of the racing cars and thus the top speeds that were possible. The designers at Mercedes-Benz opted for a classic vehicle architecture: the front engine drove the rear wheels via a transmission on the rear axle. The in-line eight-cylinder engine originally had a displacement of 3.4 litres and featured the supercharging that had fully proven its worth in racing; the displacement was later increased to a maximum of 4,740 cubic centimetres. Depending on the version, the engine output was 260 kW (354 hp) to 363 kW (494 hp), allowing a top speed of up to 300 km/h. Painted in the German racing livery colour of white, the W 25 weighed in at the Nürburgring 1 kilogram over the limit, just a day before its first deployment in the International Eifel Race. The legend holds that the mechanics scraped the paint off, allowing the racer to shine in the silver colour of its unpainted bodywork. With Manfred von Brauchitsch at the wheel it won the race, founding the unique success story of the Silver Arrows. The W 25 raced between 1934 and 1936 and was continuously further developed and enhanced during this time. In 1935, it helped Rudolf Caracciola to win the title in the European Championship, and two Grand Prix victories in 1936: in Tunis (Algeria) and Monaco.
The Mercedes-Benz racing drivers in the 1934 Eifel Race
Manfred von Brauchitsch
Born on 15 August 1905 in Hamburg Died on 5 February 2003 in Gräfenwarth near Schleiz (Thuringia)
Manfred von Brauchitsch was born into a family with decidedly military roots, but invested his own efforts into motor sport. He drove sports cars from Mercedes-Benz with the help of wealthy sponsors – and very successfully too. Between 1934 and 1939, he was engaged as a works driver for the three-pointed Mercedes star. In addition to his victory in the 1934 Eifel Race that marked the debut of the W 25, the highlights of his career were first places in the 1937 Monaco Grand Prix and the 1938 French Grand Prix. After the Second World War, Manfred von Brauchitsch lived in the former GDR (East Germany). He was active for many years as president of the society for the promotion of the Olympic ideal. He had difficulties in adapting to the further changes brought about by German reunification in 1990, and very little was heard from him until his death.
Luigi Fagioli
Born on 9 June 1898 in Ósimo (Italy)Died on 20 June 1952 in Monte Carlo (Monaco)
Luigi Fagioli was born near Ancona in 1898. Affectionately known by his friends as "the old Abruzzan brigand", he came to motor racing rather late. He was already 28 years old when he competed in his first race, winning for the first time in 1930 – in the Coppa Principe di Piemonte, in a Maserati. In 1933, Fagioli became Italian Champion in an Alfa-Romeo. Behind the wheel he made a name for himself for his consistency and active enthusiasm. These attributes led to an invitation to join the 1934 Mercedes-Benz works team. Fagioli returned the favour with two Grand Prix victories in Monza (together with Rudolf Caracciola) and Lasarte, Spain, and in 1935 capped these with 1st place in the season's first race in Monaco. Success in the Coppa Acerbo in Pescara (1934), on the Avus (Automobil-Verkehrs- und Übungs-Straße) in Berlin (1935), and in Barcelona (1935) confirmed the correctness of the choice. His contract expired in 1936. He subsequently drove for Auto Union and for Alfa Romeo after the Second World War. Here he was counted as one of the "three big F", Fangio, Farina, and Fagioli, who substantially shared Formula 1 victories amongst themselves in 1950 and 1951. During practice for the 1952 Monaco Grand Prix, he collided with a stone ballustrade. "The old Abruzzan brigand" died three weeks after this accident.
Show thumbnails Show thumbnails Show list
Shelfnumber Legend Release date
{{/isTopExternal}} {{^isTopExternal}} {{topLinkTranslation}} {{/isTopExternal}} {{/topLink}} {{^topLink}} {{topLinkTranslation}} {{/topLink}}
{{/topLinkTranslation}} {{#isBand}} {{#isBandPaginationAjax}}
{{loadBandMoreRowsMessage}}
{{/isBandPaginationAjax}} {{#isBandPaginationSwipe}}
{{/isBandPaginationSwipe}} {{/isBand}} {{#isNavigation}} {{{navigationHtml}}} {{/isNavigation}} {{#isGeneric}} {{#videoLink}}
{{/videoLink}} {{^videoLink}} {{#thumbnailLink}} {{#mainLink}} {{#isMainLinkExternal}} {{/isMainLinkExternal}} {{^isMainLinkExternal}} {{/isMainLinkExternal}} {{/mainLink}} {{^mainLink}}
{{/mainLink}} {{/thumbnailLink}} {{/videoLink}} {{/isGeneric}} {{#isCollection}} {{#isContentFlow}}
{{/isContentFlow}} {{#isGalleria}}
{{/isGalleria}} {{#isOWL}}
{{/isOWL}} {{/isCollection}}
{{#infoText}}
{{{infoText}}}
{{/infoText}} {{#bottomLinkTranslation}}
{{#bottomLink}} {{#isBottomExternal}} {{bottomLinkTranslation}} {{/isBottomExternal}} {{^isBottomExternal}} {{bottomLinkTranslation}} {{/isBottomExternal}} {{/bottomLink}} {{^bottomLink}} {{bottomLinkTranslation}} {{/bottomLink}}
{{/bottomLinkTranslation}}


A home loan with no set repayment term or set repayment structure. The loan allows for the borrower to decide when and how they will repay the principle. Any principle repaid can be accessed again by the borrower at any time.
A loan with a set term (e.g. 25 years) that is repaid in instalments either weekly, fortnightly or monthly incorporating principle and interest. It also allows the borrowers bank account to be linked to the loan so that funds in the attached account reduces the interest being charged on the loan therefore shortening the time taken to repay the loan and reducing the interest paid over the term.
A loan with a set term (eg 25 years) that is repaid in instalments weekly, fortnightly or monthly. Some versions allow the initial term to be interest only and some allow redraw of any additional principle repaid over and above the minimum.
These are simply two or more loans operating together. Splitting loans can be used to increase flexibility and /or reducing interest rate risk. The following is an example of a $200,000 loan split into different components.
$150,000 offset home loan (personal debt for buying the home) $50000. Offset home loan (for buying investments). Split to maximise interest deductibility for tax purposes on the investment component.
Construction Loans are conventional home loans that fall into the specialised home loan group because of the complexity of the security being offered (the property hasn't been built), and the way the loan is released progressively as the property is constructed.
The major benefit is that interest is charged only on the amount outstanding not the total loan approved. The disadvantage is that some lenders will charge fees to inspect the property at each payment stage resulting in higher initial costs.
The documentation required for a construction loan is considerably more than an established property – fixed price building contract with a licensed builder, building plans, specifications and permits.
Bridging & Changeover Loans allow you to purchase and settle on a new property before the sale and settlement of your original property is completed. For a short time you own two properties.
The essential difference between a bridging loan and a changeover loan is that there is a home loan debt left over after the sale of the original property goes through. Usually this means that the purchaser is trading up rather then trading down. For example, you own a property worth $300,000 and you still owe $120000. You buy a new property for $400000 + costs of $23000. So for a short time you owe $543000. After the sale of the original property is completed the loan will reduce to approx $243000. Because there is a residual debt following the sale of the first property then this would qualify as a changeover loan. Conversely, if you own a property worth $400000 that has no debt and you purchased a property for $300000 + costs $17000 you would owe $317000 but after the sale of the original property was completed the loan would be fully paid out then this would be considered a bridging loan.
It is important to understand that the lender will require the borrower to have sufficient equity in the first property to avoid mortgage insurance. We strongly advise the need to take a conservative approach as the qualification criteria is different for these types of loans than normal home loans.
The danger with both bridging and changeover loans is that your original property may take longer to sell than was expected. This would then put borrowers under increased financial pressure to sell at a reduced price additionally the longer it takes to sell the greater the interest cost. As a result many lenders require a special condition in the loan, that the original property has to have been sold but that there are differing settlement dates resulting in the need to "bridge the difference'". These lenders severely restrict borrowers from maximising potential profit in their original property.
A changeover loan is provided at home loan interest rates instead of the penalty rates that apply to bridging loans. In nearly all respects a changeover loan is the same as a normal home loan, with a typical 25/30 year term etc. While different lenders offer different versions essentially during the changeover period the repayments are structured so as not to cripple the borrower and are based upon the final loan not the short term debt.
A bridging loan is a very short term loan. The higher penalty interest rates that apply to this sort of loan is not reflective of risk but the profit objective because the loan may only last a month or two and not 25 years (if it was a home loan). The lender only has a limited period from which to earn a profit, so the set up costs and interest rates are much higher.
During the bridging period the borrower does not have to make any loan repayments because the debt will be fully extinguished at the settlement of the original property.
Non-Conforming or Credit Impaired Loans are specialised loans that usually attract a premium interest rate because the borrower has incurred credit defaults or judgements. The number and amount of credit default(s) will influence the interest rate penalty and the amount lent against the value of the security.
Low Doc Loans or LoDoc simply means minimal supporting documentation proving income. These loans are designed for borrowers who have difficulty providing the normal documents to support their income. This may be because they are self employed, contract or seasonal workers or the income type is not regarded by the lender as sufficiently reliable eg commission only employees or child maintenance income etc. The lender usually takes a more conservative risk limiting the loan to 60%-80% of the property value some lenders will also charge higher interest rates on these loans.
Reverse Mortgages is a loan made to borrowers who have considerable equity in a property but have limited or restricted income to repay the loan. The interest simply compounds or grows over time as the borrower is not required to make any loan repayments. The loan is eventually repaid from the sale of the property following the death of the last borrower. There are special conditions attached to these loans and example being minimum age of borrower 65 and maximum loan 20% of asset value.
Variable Rate Loans are the most common type of loan available. The interest rate which can rise and fall throughout the term of the loan is influenced by the economic climate and official interest rates set by the Reserve Bank. There are a number of versions of variable rate loans some having more features than others.
Fixed Rate Loans are conventional home loan (Basic – no frills) with the interest rate fixed for an initial period (selected by the borrower – usually 1-5 years). At the expiry of the fixed rate term the loan converts to the lenders standard variable home loan interest rate. It is important to understand that most fixed rate loans do not allow the borrower to make extra payments during the fixed term, those that do usually have a limit on the amount (eg $5000 pa). As Fixed rate loans are Basic home loan products they generally do not have redraw features and offset options. Also, the loan cannot be changed during the fixed term without incurring penalties.
Capped Rate Loans are variable rate conventional home loans which has a ceiling on the maximum interest rate that the lender can charge. The interest rate will still move up and down over time but only within a restricted range. The short coming with this type of loan is that the interest rate is higher than the normal rate to begin with.
Honeymoon Loans or Introductory Rate Loans could either be offset home loans or conventional home loans. Honeymoon loans or introductory rate loans offer an attractive interest rate reduction during the first 6 or 12 months of the loan. At the completion of the introductory period the loan reverts to the lenders standard interest rate for the remaining term of the loan. This rate is often considerably higher than other loans offered by the same lender. To ensure that borrowers don't change their loans at the end of the introductory period lenders have penalty clauses in their loan agreement which will recoup any discount given. Depending on the anticipated time a borrower may take to repay the loan a honeymoon may or may not be financially beneficial.
Professional Packages are generally offered on all types of loan products with the interest rate discounted between 0.25% – 0.70% for the life of the loan below the normal interest rate. They are usually only offered for large loans or borrowers who fall into a particular industry groups.


text:
package org.talend.components.common;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.talend.daikon.properties.PropertiesDynamicMethodHelper;
import org.talend.daikon.properties.presentation.Form;

public class ProxyPropertiesTest {

    public ProxyPropertiesTest() {
    }

    @Test
    public void testProxyProperties() throws Throwable {
        ProxyProperties props = (ProxyProperties) new ProxyProperties("proxy").init();
        Form mainForm = props.getForm(Form.MAIN);
        assertTrue(mainForm.getWidget("host").isHidden());
        assertTrue(mainForm.getWidget("userPassword").isHidden());

        props.useProxy.setValue(true);
        assertTrue(mainForm.getWidget("useProxy").isCallAfter());
        PropertiesDynamicMethodHelper.afterProperty(props, "useProxy");
        assertFalse(mainForm.getWidget("host").isHidden());
        assertFalse(mainForm.getWidget("userPassword").isHidden());
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Delich is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Chuck Delich (born 1955), American ice hockey player and coach
Helen Bentley (née Delich, 1923–2016), American politician

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Seasons will change everything in Forza Horizon 4. From the environments and landscape to weather conditions and even race events. To highlight each of the four different seasons present in its latest open-world racer, developer Playground Games will host a series of unique livestreams that showcase everything players can look forward to across Summer, Autumn, Winter and Spring in Forza Horizon 4.
The first broadcast followed the latest episode of Inside Xbox, and it focused exclusively on Summer to celebrate the current British heatwave. The livestream was hosted by Xbox On's BennyCentral in Leamington Spa in the UK, and he was joined by Forza Horizon 4 Creative Director Ralph Fulton, Art Director Ben Penrose, Senior Game Designer Grant Orban, Senior Car Handling Designer Chris Philips, and Lead Technical Animator Harry Geoghegan.
The broadcast featured around one hour of brand-new, unseen Forza Horizon 4 gameplay in the Horizon Solo freeroam experience. This meant the world was filled with Drivatars instead of actual players, but it did showcase how the overall game will function when you aren't connected to the internet. We also had our best look yet at the game's take on beautiful, historic Britain.
Character customization was another area of focus for the livestream. There's plenty of items to unlock here, including tops, pants, hats, gloves, shoes, outfits, wristwear, eyewear, and more. The full clothing selection can be enjoyed by both male and female characters, and there's even a Chicken Disco outfit. Also present are emotes, including Fortnite-style dances and memes, such as the dab and floss. More than 50 will be available to choose from at launch.
You can find a list of the customization items spotted during the broadcast over on the Forza Forums. Each piece of clothing and emote available also has its own rarity level, and in terms of characters, the same set of 14 drivers from Forza Horizon 3 will make their way into Forza Horizon 4. The models have been improved, however, and can be personalized with the more than 500 items of clothing customization available in the game.
During the livestream, Playground Games also confirmed that Forza Horizon 4 will feature 12 houses to buy, with the first being rewarded to you at no cost when you begin the game. This house is called 'The Gables,' and it's located in the village of Broadway in the Cotswolds. Also shown was the Sunflower Meadows home at Ambleside in the Lake District. Edinburgh Castle was confirmed to the most expensive property in the game, being a multi-million-dollar house that also unlocks a crown for your character with a royal wave emote should you manage to afford it. Each property in Forza Horizon 4 also comes with its own unique perks, with one allowing you to fast travel anywhere around the map.
Cars were naturally also a focus of the broadcast, and here we saw a Nissan Skyline R32 adorning a Rocket Bunny kit. In fact, a decent chunk of the livestream focused on this car exploring open-world Britain. More than 30 new bodykits will also be introduced into Forza Horizon 4, and one of these were showcased on the McLaren 650S – a full Liberty Walk bodykit complimented by aggressive stance.
New kits built specifically for off-roading vehicles will also be made available, whilst adjustable wheel off-sets were also revealed – with more than 150 cars confirmed to support wheel spacers at launch in Forza Horizon 4. This was showcased on the 1991 BMW M3 during the broadcast. The 2017 Ford Rahal Letterman GRC Fiesta was also on display during the livestream – which is one of the new cars making its Forza franchise debut in Forza Horizon 4.
Playground Games also revealed some fresh details on the Drag Strips that will be featured in the game. These include one at an ice lake that's only accessible in Winter, as well as one by the beach, another by an old, abandoned airfield, and of course, the quarter-mile strip at the Horizon Festival. You can learn more about the improvements being made to drifting and drag racing in Forza Horizon 4 from our previous coverage.
In addition, we also saw sheep and chickens during the livestream – which will be present in fields and countryside environments around the map, but you obviously cannot run them over. Bonus Boards have also been confirmed to return, as well as the Shopping Cart upgrade system from Forza Horizon 3 and all-new 'Car Masteries,' which have yet to be detailed. As well as credits, players will earn 'Influence' from completing race events, story quests and various in-game challenges. Wheelspins also return, complimented by all-new Super Wheelspins that offer even better rewards to unlock.
Next week's Forza Horizon 4 broadcast from Playground Games will focus on Autumn. In this one, we'll see more of the game's shared open-world focus whilst connected online with Horizon Life. Playground Games will also debut a brand-new showcase event that Ralph Fulton teased is "just brilliant, never seen before – in almost every sense." We'll also a have a look at the map, which wasn't shown in this week's livestream due a bug present in the current development build of the game.
Forza Horizon 4's Autumn livestream will broadcast next Tuesday, July 17th at 7pm BST (11am PDT, 2pm EDT) on Mixer. You can check out the full on-demand video for the Summer livestream at the top of this article. Forza Horizon 4 will be available on October 2nd, 2018 for Xbox One and Windows 10 PC, and it'll be available day-in-date on the Xbox Game Pass monthly subscription service. For more on Forza Horizon 4's Seasons, be sure to check out our in-depth feature story dedicated to this unique aspect of Playground's upcoming open-world racing game.


For additional information on the Medical/Dental school application process, please see the application workshop presentation.
Information for Penn State students and alumni who have previously applied to medical, dental, podiatry, or optometry school.
Provides a method for a student to consent for the College to provide educational records to interested schools.


The online casino games are becoming popular in every part of the world day by day. A growing number of online game lovers, these days, are looking for those casino sites which can provide them with an easy access to interesting casino games. There are very few gambling sites which bring digitally enabled, flash built, full scale & interactive online casino games that they can start playing with a click of mouse. At onlinecasinovilla.com , we provide you information about wide variety of free casino games that are considered best in the industry.
We have been offering guidance on more than 100 online casino games to help you find your favorite games. You can play these casino games from your home itself. We assure you a wide variety of Craps, Keno, Roulette, Blackjack, Slots, Video Slot machines and Video poker for your amusement! Register now & you will be given an immediate access to all these fantastic casino games that you can play for free or real money! Just try out our referred downloaded version or Instant Play casinos. In no time you will be able to feel the thrill of playing real casino on your home computer. By going through our website you will be able to find a lot of fun in a highly rewarding way. So, keep on playing online casino games with us for 24/7, wherever you go, whenever you like, will make casino games playing easier for you.
Creating a new account in one of the referred site is fast, simple & free! You can sign up now & start to play those free online casino games at no cost! Our referred online casinos will offer you a free trial bonus so that you can instantly try the marvelous casino games without any deposit. Read our casino articles right now & go on downloading the free casino games. We will give you a chance to feel the real casino experience along with attractive cash prizes!
Start playing your favorite casino games at the recommended sites by us, coming in both downloadable & instant play versions, for experiencing the ultimate pleasure of gambling. We will be providing you with latest as well as popular online casino games that you can access & start playing from your personal computer. Our recommended wide ranging online casino games include Royal Blackjack, Multi-hand BlackJack, different types of Video Pokers, Video Slots, different varieties of Free Online Slots, Craps, European Roulette, American Roulette, Electronic Roulette, keno, Table Poker games & much more.


text:
James and Sharon Tays arrived in Katy when there was only one high school, one junior high and two elementary schools. James Tays began his teaching career as a Coordinated Vocational Academic Education teacher at Katy Junior High. He mentored young men and developed their academic interests for future employment. While teaching, he received his Masters of Education in Educational Administration from Texas A&M.
In 1976, James became the assistant principal of West Memorial Junior High,under the leadership of Garland McMeans. James took over as Principal when McMeans opened Taylor High School. James served more than 20 years in his role at West Memorial Junior High, and was a role model and mentor to other principals until his retirement.
Sharon Tays began her career in 1972 at Katy Elementary where she taught second grade. She received a Masters of Education in Curriculum and Instruction from Texas A&M while teaching.
When Hutsell Elementary School opening in 1978, Sharon transferred and continued to teach second grade. While at Hutsell, she was honored as a Campus Teacher of the Year. She was a second grade team leader for several years until she moved to Katy Junior High where she served as a reading specialist up until her retirement.
With nearly 60 years of combined service, the Tays' represent a lifelong commitment to the education of Katy ISD students. As mentors, they were encouraging and supportive to both teachers and students. As individuals and as a couple, they significantly and positively impacted the lives of thousands of Katy ISD students and colleagues.


Max. Power bhp (kW) 170 (125) @ 6000 r.p.m.
Max. torque Nm (lb.ft) 220 (162) @ 4500 r.p.m.
Suspension Independent suspension front and rear through coil springs with telescopic dampers; front MacPherson struts and lower wishbones; Double wishbone rear axle with track control arms; front and rear anti-roll bars.
Braking System Dual circuit braking system (split front and rear) with disc brakes front and rear, brake servo, brake pressure regulator, electronic anti-lock braking system.
Premium Unleaded 95 RON min.


For budding and veteran performers alike, the fundamental source of confidence on stage is thorough preparation.
And although concert preparation encompasses multiple facets, the most crucial element is deep learning in practice.
Deep learning results when we wholly assimilate a composition, deliberately absorbing it's artistic, technical and structural components.
I call that assimilation process Deep Practice.
The following 7 tips help musicians deepen the quality of their practice. Links point to other posts on this blog.
Choose music suited to your level, and then employ precise mental imaging along with actual playing or singing. Work at tempos that ensure ease and, as you execute, always feel ahead.
While imaging, expressively singing pitch names, rhythm syllables or fingerings. Use a metronome to anchor your pulse yet avoid mimicking the metronome's blandness; instead, animate every musical gesture.
Take care that your sound and execution are the result of conscious choices and you don't slip into mindless muscle memory.
Instead of narrowing your concentration, expand your attention to monitor your sound, timing, mental focus and physical tension.
Self-record periodically in practice to ensure precision and clarity. Start recording early in the process of learning new material, when your tempos are still slow, and then listen back with a critical ear.
Do solitary mock performances at home as well as run-throughs in front of peers and friends. Video or audio-record, and then evaluate how you sounded and felt. Create a practice plan to remedy weaknesses and reinforce strengths. In time, through steady work, your evolving mastery will propel you to pinnacles of excellence.
For inclusive guidelines to practice deeply and build performance skills, see Parts I & II of The Musician's Way.


These coasters make a great rainy day activity to keep the kids occupied. You can choose any style you want – even, maybe, a retro style Tetris pattern – and you can also go for shades that suit your decor.
And, if you're a fan of oversized mugs (more coffee the better), you now have the power to make coasters to fit any size or shaped mug or glass you own!
You can even personalise each coaster, if you're feeling super creative, making one for each member of the family to use by including their initial in the design.
Using picture beads to make your coasters is super easy and makes it a great and fun activity for the kids, as well as any adults who are feeling particularly crafty on a rainy afternoon!
This chevron pattern will only take half an hour of your time to make!
Using the template as your guide, place the picture beads on the square pegboard in a chevron pattern – or your choice of pattern if you're feeling creative.
When you're happy with the look of the arrangement, and don't worry decisions are tough so this may take some time, place a piece of ironing paper over the beads and iron on a hot setting. Make sure you move the iron gently from side to side in a slow, smooth movement until the beads begin to fuse.
Once the beads have fused, allow to cool before carefully removing the paper and bead coaster from the pegboard, then use at will to protect all your surfaces.


Spain's Olympic champion Carolina Marin and South Korea's Sung Ji Hyun suffered first round defeats at the Badminton World Federation (BWF) Australia Open at the Sydney Olympic Park Sports Centre.
Fourth seed Sung has been in impressive form throughout the season, but faced a tricky test against former world number one Saina Nehwal in the first round of the women's event.
Nehwal, who is the defending champion in Australia, battled to a straight games 21-10, 21-16 victory in the contest.
"My ranking has dropped; I have to face top players in the first round," said the Indian.
"I have the game, I just need to get these matches.
"My condition is not at its best.
"In the second game my stamina was coming down, but I still managed to pull it out.
"I didn't expect to cross the first round, now I'm looking forward to the next one."
Nehwal will face Malaysia's Soniia Cheah in the second round, after she saw off the challenge of Hong Kong's Cheung Ngan Yi by a 21-14, 21-15 scoreline.
Second seed Marin suffered defeat in the first round, losing 21-12, 21-19 to Japan's Nozomi Okuhara.
Okuhara will face fellow Japanese player Minatsu Mitani in the second round, after her 21-13, 21-17 success against Chinese Taipei's Hsu Ya Ching.
Top seed Tai Tzu Ying had no issues in reaching the second round.
The Chinese Taipei star earned a 21-18, 21-11 win over Scotland's Kirsty Gilmour to set up a meeting with Ratchanok Intanon of Thailand in the second round.
South Korea's Son Wan Ho, the men's top seed, was forced to dig deep to secure his spot in the second round.
He eventually overcame qualifier Kashyap Parupalli 21-18, 14-21, 21-15 to seal a second round meeting with another Indian opponent in Srikanth Kidambi.
Denmark's Jan O Jorgensen would exit the tournament, as the fifth seed retired when trailing 23-25, 21-12, 14-9 to Indonesia's Anthony Sinisuka Ginting.
The Australian Open is a BWF World Superseries event.