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Category Archives: Climate Change
Report on the Flood Wall Street Direct Action
by Arun Gupta Counterpunch September 23, 2014
In April 1990 I helped organize the Earth Day Wall Street Action. More than 1,500 activists from the United States and Canada traveled to New York on the twentieth anniversary of Earth Day with the goal of halting the New York Stock Exchange for a day. We got close, with hundreds of protesters and cops clashing in front of the exchange doors. We wanted to expose corporations wrapping themselves in the façade of environmentalism and identify them as criminals responsible for scorched-earth business practices.
I've been eagerly awaiting a return, and on Monday, September 22, I ventured down to the financial district for the Flood Wall Street Direct Action. The following are impressions of what happened today, not the back story to the organizing. And they are more tactical than strategic observations.
Foremost, the turnout exceeded everyone's expectation. Many thought a thousand people or less would show up. By the time the march left Battery Park in Southern Manhattan the count was 2,500. There seemed to be a lack of coordination on the part of direct action organizers, while the NYPD took a surprisingly hands-off approach. It still lined the streets with interlocking metal barricades, so the protest only made it as far as Broadway, around the iconic bull sculpture, before settling in for the day. Activists trickled in all day and the consensus was 3,000 people took over the streets at the peak.
However, there was no organized system like a spokescouncil or general assembly to encourage them to stay put and decide the next steps. Nor were there resources like food, blankets, and water to enable a large enough number of people to hunker down, which would make the cops hesitant to arrest them all.
There was a large media presence, including many mainstream media outlets. Flood Wall Street drew in more participants thanks to the Sunday march that drew an estimated three hundred thousand. The march was timed to influence the U.N. Climate Summit on Sept. 23. The international nature of the summit and the media pack helped limit the NYPD's notorious aggression.
There was a world of creative art, but not much affinity group organizing. Some artists were hired to coordinate the art. Paying them to produce quality art was part of the media and image strategy for the Sunday march. That's perfectly fine. Movements should pay people for their labor, although there has to be limits to avoid professionalizing. This was the most money-rich protest I have ever seen. There were three Jumbotrons on the Sunday route, and one organizer said they usually cost $10,000 a pop. Art making was also central to Flood Wall Street. I would speculate focus on visual symbols led the art to be overdeveloped and may have compounded the underdevelopment of strategic organizing for the direct action. The Monday protest was fun. There were huge banners, parachutes, giant balls of carbon, bands, costumes, and performers. But the strategy was little more than a mass sit down in the streets.
The NYPD strategy was to outlast the protesters, and it worked. Cops were blasé about activists disassembling metal barriers. They would not rush to fight them, like they always used to. Often they didn't notice because there were so few cops on the lines. They would come over after ten minutes or so, retrieve the metal sections and reassemble them. All day long there were scattered gaps in the barricade line, enabling a free flow of people in and out of the area. Thus, there was no kettling, which is highly unusual for a mass direct action.
The cops had red lines, but otherwise were willing to cede more physical and tactical ground than normal. They let the crowd have Broadway around the bull for nearly four hours. Around 3:45 p.m., before the Stock Exchange closing bell, everyone marched up to Wall St. They tried to push east to the Stock Exchange and Federal Hall, where the George Washington Statue is located. There were only a few police at the first line of barricades. A little organization and the protesters could have easily pushed through. Getting through the second line and into Wall Street would have been much tougher, but not impossible.
I watched as protesters momentarily breached the barricade, cops grabbed one guy, and pulled him through. Normally that's the moment when cops pile on and injure the protester. Instead, they just tossed him into the crowd on the sidewalk. No arrest and no beat down.
As the shoving matched intensified, the NYPD white shirts deployed their fists and a few blasts of a chemical irritant, probably pepper spray. It's easy to tell how much of a threat the NYPD considers a protest by how many commanders, who wear the white shirts, it deploys. At the Wall Street barricade I counted nearly twenty white shirts at one point. They are notorious for pounding on people with their bare fists; they don't need any surplus military gear to punish and intimidate. For a few seconds, during the height of shoving, two white shirts slammed their fists on the hands of protesters to loosen their grip on the metal barricades. Seconds later chemical spray wafted through the air, instantly forcing the protesters back. It had an unusual floral smell.
The combination of police waiting out activists and the lack of organization and support meant by 6:30 p.m. about 75 percent of people in the streets had drifted away. I did so as well at this time. Less than an hour later at a close-by bar, where many Flood Wall Street organizers had decamped, I got word arrests were happening. There was apparently a decision to engage in orchestrated civil disobedience. I told numerous people at the bar the arrests were happening, but most everyone already seemed to know and they did not seem overly concerned about returning right away. One well-respected organizer was not pleased that many of the main Flood Wall Street organizers left the streets to go to the bar.
During the whole day multiple squadrons of fifty to a hundred burly cops, whose mission is to squelch protesters quickly, were stationed at different points a block or so away from the action. There was not the overwhelming force of past protests with thousands of cops. One activist told me he heard two cops talking in the bathroom at a restaurant. They said 90 percent of cops were at the U.N. I talked to one community affairs cop who claimed they were taking a "calmer" approach. He said it was more effective compared to aggressive policing that is the norm, but it seemed like he was parroting the official line. He acknowledged this strategy was determined from on high.
Why was the NYPD so hands off? I haven't seen anything like it in 25 years of protest in New York. There are the factors like the U.N. Climate Summit, the heavy media presence, the legacy of Occupy Wall Street, and space created by the large parade on Sunday. (Calling that event a protest is inaccurate.) Post-Ferguson many police departments probably realize over-reaction can backfire. The NYPD learned that with the Union Square pepper spray incident in September 2011 that catalyzed city-wide support for the Zuccotti Park occupation, and then the Brooklyn Bridge arrests a week later that turned the movement into a nationwide phenomenon.
Additionally, there are New York City specific factors like the cops who killed Eric Garner in July on Staten Island and Mayor Bill de Blasio rehiring Bill Bratton as police commissioner. Bratton, of course, instituted the unconstitutional stop-and-frisk policing in the nineties in New York that de Blasio opposed in his surprise election victory last year. Bratton favors "Broken Windows" policing. It's a smaller net than stop and frisk, but it's still racially biased in practice without being based on any evidence that arresting pan handlers, graffiti artists, and turnstile jumpers reduces violent crime. Taking a light hand against Flood Wall Street enables de Blasio to score points with the public and media, while insulating his administration from criticism that it's making only cosmetic changes to biased policing policies. To be fair, de Blasio may even be serious about curbing the NYPD's penchant for violence.
Since the burden is on the NYPD to prove it has reformed its heavy-handed ways, the light police response should be seen as what it is: a one-off event. Additionally, while there was a more enthusiastic spirit at the end of the direct action today among veteran activists, there is a consistently lower level of organization over the last fifteen years of direct actions since Seattle.
One activist, Laurie Arbiter, summed up the feeling of many activists why actions like Flood Wall Street are on the frontlines of the climate justice fight. "It was unpredictable," she said, unlike the Sunday march that felt scripted to many. "Climate change is unpredictable as well." In other words, while marches are important and necessary, mass organized political chaos in the streets is more likely to destabilize the status quo, bringing forth a new social equilibrium.
Twenty-five years is a long time to wait. It's almost the same exact amount of time since James Hanson warned Congress in 1988 that there was near certain proof that carbon dioxide emissions were the prime culprit in global warming. The Monday action was only the first phase of what will have to be an ever-more powerful movement to flood Wall Street once and for all.
Filed under Climate Change, Politics
Tagged as 20th anniversary Earth Day, broken windows policy, climate change direct action, Earth Day Wall Street Action 1990, Flood Wall Street, James Hanson, NY police commissioner Bill Bratton, U.N. Climate Summit 2013
I've never been to a protest march that advertised in the New York City subway. That spent $220,000 on posters inviting Wall Street bankers to join a march to save the planet, according to one source. That claims you can change world history in an afternoon after walking the dog and eating brunch.
Welcome to the "People's Climate March" set for Sunday, Sept. 21 in New York City. It's timed to take place before world leaders hold a Climate Summit at the United Nations two days later. Organizers are billing it as the "biggest climate change demonstration ever" with similar marches around the world. The Nation describes the pre-organizing as following "a participatory, open-source model that recalls the Occupy Wall Street protests." A leader of 350.org, one of the main organizing groups, explained, "Anyone can contribute, and many of our online organizing 'hubs' are led by volunteers who are often coordinating hundreds of other volunteers."
I will join the march, as well as the Climate Convergence starting Friday, and most important the "Flood Wall Street" direct action on Monday, Sept. 22. I've had conversations with more than a dozen organizers including senior staff at the organizing groups. Many people are genuinely excited about the Sunday demonstration. The movement is radicalizing thousands of youth. Endorsers include some labor unions and many people-of-color community organizations that normally sit out environmental activism because the mainstream green movement has often done a poor job of talking about the impact on or solutions for workers and the Global South.
Nonetheless, to quote Han Solo, "I've got a bad feeling about this."
Environmental activist Anne Petermann and writer Quincy Saul describe how the People's Climate March has no demands, no targets,and no enemy. Organizers admitted encouraging bankers to march was like saying Blackwater mercenaries should join an antiwar protest. There is no unity other than money. One veteran activist who was involved in Occupy Wall Street said it was made known there was plenty of money to hire her and others. There is no sense of history: decades of climate-justice activism are being erased by the incessant invocation of the "biggest climate change demonstration ever." Investigative reporter Cory Morningstar has connected the dots between the organizing groups, 350.org and Avaaz, the global online activist outfit modeled on MoveOn, and institutions like the World Bank and Clinton Global Initiative. Morningstar claims the secret of Avaaz's success is its "expertise in behavioral change."
That is what I find most troubling. Having worked on Madison Avenue for nearly a decade, I can smell a P.R. and marketing campaign a mile away. That's what the People's Climate March looks to be. According to inside sources a push early on for a Seattle-style event—organizing thousands of people to nonviolently shut down the area around the United Nations—was thwarted by paid staff with the organizing groups.
One participant in the organizing meetings said, "In the beginning people were saying, 'This is our Seattle,'" referring to the 1999 World Trade Organization ministerial that was derailed by direct action. But the paid staff got the politics-free Climate March. Another source said, "You wouldn't see Avaaz promoting an occupy-style action. The strategic decision was made to have a big march and get as many mainstream groups on board as possible."
Nothing wrong with that. Not every tactic should be based on Occupy. But in an email about climate change that Avaaz sent out last December, which apparently raked in millions of dollars, it wrote, "It's time for powerful, direct, non-violent action, to capture imagination, convey moral urgency, and inspire people to act. Think Occupy."
Here's what seems to be going on. Avaaz found a lucrative revenue stream by warning about climate catastrophe that can be solved with the click of a donate button. To convince people to donate it says we need Occupy-style actions. When the moment comes for such a protest, Avaaz and 350.org blocked it and then when it did get organized, they pushed it out of sight. If you go to People's Climate March, you won't find any mention of the Flood Wall Street action, which I fully support, but fear is being organized with too little time and resources. Nor have I seen it in an Avaaz email, nor has anyone else I've talked to. Bill McKibben of 350.org began promoting it this week, but that may be because there is discontent in the activist ranks about the march, which includes lots of Occupy Wall Street activists. One inside source said, "It's a branding decision not to promote the Flood Wall Street action. These are not radical organizations."
Branding. That's how the climate crisis is going to be solved. We are in an era of postmodern social movements.
The image (not ideology) comes first and shapes the reality. The P.R. and marketing determines the tactics, the messaging, the organizing, and the strategy. Whether this can have a positive effect is a different question, and it's why I encourage everyone to participate. The future is unknowable. But left to their own devices the organizers will lead the movement into the graveyard of the Democratic Party, just as happened with the movement against the Iraq War a decade ago. You remember that historic worldwide movement, right? It was so profound the New York Times dubbed global public opinion, "the second superpower." Now Obama has launched an eighth war and there is no antiwar movement to speak of.
Sources say Avaaz and 350.org is footing most of the bill for the People's Climate March with millions of dollars spent. Avaaz is said to have committed a dozen full-time staff, and hired dozens of other canvassers to collect petition signatures and hand out flyers. Nearly all of 350.org's staff is working on climate marches around the country and there is an office in New York with thirty full-time workers organizing the march. That takes a lot of cheddar. While the grassroots are being mobilized, this is not a grassroots movement. That's why it's a mistake to condemn it. People are joining out of genuine concern and passion and hope for an equitable, sustainable world, but the control is top down and behind closed doors. Everyone I talked to described an undemocratic process. Even staffers were not sure who was making the decisions other than to tell me to follow the money. It's also facile to say all groups are alike. Avaaz is more cautious than 350.org, and apparently the New York chapter of 350.org, which is more radical, is at odds with the national.
But when the overriding demand is for numbers, which is about visuals, which is about P.R. and marketing, everything becomes lowest common denominator. The lack of politics is a political decision. One insider admitted despite all the overheated rhetoric about the future is on the line, "I don't expect much out of this U.N. process." The source added this is "a media moment, a mobilizing moment." The goal is to have visuals of a diverse crowd, hence the old saw about a "family-friendly" march. Family friendly comes at a high cost, however. Everything is decided by the need for visuals, which means organizers will capitulate to anything the NYPD demands for fear of violence. The march is on a Sunday morning when the city is in hangover mode. The world leaders will not even be at the United Nations, and they are just the hired guns of the real climate criminals on Wall Street. The closest the march comes to the United Nations is almost a mile away. The march winds up on Eleventh Avenue, a no-man's land far from subways. There is no closing rally or speakers.
An insider says the real goal was to create space for politicians: "If you can frame it as grandma and kids and immigrants and labor you could make it safer for politicians to come out and support. It's all very liberal. I don't have much faith in it."
When I asked what the metrics for success for, the insider told me media coverage and long-term polling about public opinion. I was dumbfounded. That's the exact same tools we would use in huge marketing campaigns. First we would estimate and tally media "impressions" across all digital, print, outdoor, and so on. Then a few months down the road we would conduct surveys to see if we changed the consumer's opinion of the brand, their favorability, the qualities they associated with it, the likelihood they would try. That's the same tools Avaaz is allegedly using.
Avaaz has pioneered clickbait activism. It gets people to sign petitions about dramatic but ultimately minor issues like, "Prevent the flogging of 15 year old rape victim in Maldives." The operating method of Avaaz, which was established in 2007, is to create "actions" like these that generate emails for its fundraising operation. In other words, it's a corporation with a business model to create products (the actions), that help it increase market share (emails), and ultimately revenue. The actions that get the most attention are ones that get the most petition signers, the most media coverage, and which help generate revenue.
Avaaz has turned social justice into a product to enhance the liberal do-gooding lifestyle, and it's set its sights on the climate justice movement.
The more dramatic the emails the better the response. It's like the supermarket. The bags and boxes don't say, "Not bad," or "kinda tasty." They say "the cheesiest," "the most delicious," "an avalanche of flavor," "utterly irresistible." That's why climate change polls so well for Avaaz. It's really fucking dramatic. But it's still not dramatic enough for marketing purposes.
One source said the December 2013 email from Avaaz Executive Director Ricken Patel about climate change was a goldmine. It was headlined, "24 Months to Save the World." It begins, "This may be the most important email I've ever written to you," and then says the climate crisis is "beyond our worst expectations" with storms and temperatures "off the charts." Then comes the hook from Patel, "We CAN stop this, if we act very fast, and all together. And out of this extinction nightmare, we can pull one of the most inspiring futures for our children and grandchildren. A clean, green future in balance with the earth that gave birth to us."
Telling people there is 24 months to save the world is odious, as is implying an online donation to Avaaz can save the planet.
The same overblown rhetoric is being used for the People's Climate March: It's the biggest ever. There is "unprecedented collaboration" with more than 1,400 "partner" groups in New York City. Everything comes down to this one day with the "future on the line and the whole world watching, we'll take a stand to bend the course of history."
Presumably the orderly marchers behind NYPD barricades will convince the governments of the world that will meet for the Climate Summit that won't even meet for another two days that they need to pass UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon's "ambitious global agreement to dramatically reduce global warming pollution."
Moon is now joining the march. But it's hard to find details, including on the Climate Summit website, as to what will actually be discussed there. The best account I could find is by Canadian journalist Nick Fillmore. He claims the main point will be a carbon pricing scheme. This is one of those corporate-designed scams that in the past has rewarded the worst polluters with the most credits to sell and creates perverse incentives to pollute, because then they can earn money to cut those emissions.
So we have a corporate-designed protest march to support a corporate-dominated world body to implement a corporate policy to counter climate change caused by the corporations of the world, which are located just a few miles away but which will never feel the wrath of the People's Climate March.
Rather than moaning on the sidelines and venting on Facebook, radicals need to be in the streets. Join the marches and more important the direct actions. Radicals need to ask the difficult questions as to why for the second time in fifteen years has a militant uprising, first Seattle and then Occupy, given way to liberal cooptation. What good is your radical analysis if the NGO sector and Democratic Party fronts kept out-organizing you?
Naomi Klein says we need to end business as usual because climate change is going to change everything. She's right. Unfortunately the organizers of the People's Climate March didn't get the memo. Because they are continuing on with business as usual that won't change anything.
One prominent environmental organizer says that after the march ends, "The U.N. leaders are going to be in there Monday and Tuesday and do whatever the fuck they want. And everyone will go back to their lives, walking the dog and eating brunch."
The future is unwritten. It's not about what happens on Sunday. It's what happens after that.
Filed under Climate Change, Politics, Protest
Tagged as 1999 Seattle WTO protests, 24 months to save the world, 350.org, Anne Petermann, Avaaz, biggest climate march in history, Bill McKibben climate, carbon pricing scheme, climate march corporate pr, climate summit 2014, Cory Morningstar, Flood Wall Street, Naomi Klein changes everything, Nick Fillmore, People's Climate March, postmodern social movement, Quincy Saul
Disaster Capitalism Hits New York
By 2080, New York City could be fortified with a belt of steel–or ringed with wetlands, as in this architect's vision.
The City Will Adapt to Flooding — but at the Expense of the Poor?
By Arun Gupta In These Times January 28, 2013
For more than a decade before Hurricane Sandy, oceanography professor Malcolm Bowman, head of the Storm Surge Research Group at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, warned that a superstorm would someday drown New York City. There were plenty of precedents, he noted, such as the 1992 nor'easter that crippled train lines and Tropical Storm Floyd in 1999, which dumped a foot of rain in 24 hours and caused flash flooding.
"My middle name is Noah," laughs Bowman, who looks the part of an old salt, with a tanned complexion and trimmed white beard. "The flood's coming, you better build the ark, get everybody aboard."
In 2008, Bowman was asked to join Mayor Michael Bloomberg's New York City Panel on Climate Change, and he recommended that the city build surge barriers like those protecting London and the Netherlands. But his advice wasn't heeded. According to Bowman, "the panel thought that it was too ambitious, too expensive, too futuristic."
Now, in the aftermath of the most devastating storm New York has ever seen—one that claimed more than 100 lives in the region, destroyed thousands of homes and businesses, and notched a record storm surge of 13.8 feet in Lower Manhattan—an idea that was once seen as implausible now seems inevitable. One poll found that 80 percent of the public favors fortifying the city with surge barriers. "Money shouldn't be a problem," declared the New York Times. Gov. Andrew Cuomo has thrown his weight behind barriers, as have the state's top Congress members and New York City Council Speaker Christine Quinn, the frontrunner in this year's mayoral contest.
Bowman and his Storm Surge Research Group have sketched out a plan that could cost an estimated $25 billion and centers on a five-mile-long "Outer Harbor Gateway" between Sandy Hook, New Jersey and the Rockaway peninsula. The barrier would be a belt of landfill, stone and reinforced concrete, possibly topped with a highway that would provide an alternate route from the mid-Atlantic to New England. Thirty-foot-high sand berms would be piled on Sandy Hook and the Rockaways to prevent flood waters from circumventing the gateway. Another gate, this one a mile long, would be built in the upper East River to stop surges coming in from the Long Island Sound to the north.
Proponents say the funding question could be solved by making the highway bypass a toll road. The next step is for Congress to authorize the Army Corps of Engineers to conduct a feasibility study, which experts say could take five years and cost more than $20 million.
Despite the costs, storm barriers seem more a question of when, not if, given that risks of more powerful storms barreling in on higher sea levels will increase exponentially as the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets melt ever faster. Scientists say coastal cities should plan for sea levels to rise by seven feet by the year 2100. In Brooklyn and Queens alone, says Bowman, "you have to worry about the two to three million people who live less than six feet above high-tide level." Since it would be virtually impossible for millions of people to abandon New York anytime soon, planners are trying to figure out the best way to hold the next hurricane at bay.
The ultimate gated community
To provide answers, the city tapped Jeroen Aerts, a professor of risk management and climate change at University of Amsterdam, to compile a cost-benefit analysis of flood-risk management strategies. Aerts says that, based on economic assets at risk, New York is the second most vulnerable port city in the world, after Miami. He cites an estimate that by 2080, the metropolitan area from New York to Newark, N.J. will contain about $2.15 trillion in assets that could be damaged by extreme storms. Compared to that—or even the $71 billion post-Sandy repair bill for New York and New Jersey—the $25 billion estimate for storm-surge protection looks like a bargain.
However, Aerts warns, "Don't put everything on storm-surge barriers." Because nothing is foolproof, he advocates "a multi-layered safety system." This includes back-up measures such as updating zoning and building codes, strengthening insurance policies and committing more resources to evacuation if the barriers do fail, as they did in New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina.
Nonetheless, flood barriers will be the front line of coastal defense. Aerts maintains that barriers are not just about safeguarding glittery skyscrapers. "Everyone benefits from storm-surge barriers because the whole city is protected, not only the developers."
So far in the cost-benefit calculations, however, some people have been given less consideration than others. When asked if New York's poor, who comprise 41 percent of the city's population based on living-wage standards (21 percent by federal guidelines), had been considered in the initial discussions, Aerts says, "That's a new issue. We didn't discuss it, no." He adds that the thinking has changed after Sandy as planners realize low-income groups "are the most vulnerable not just because of the structures they live in, but because of their coping capacity."
This is precisely what worries critics. "Chances are, public policy is going to support only those developments that are high end, and are able to muster the most sophisticated and advanced flood protections," says Tom Angotti, director of the Hunter College Center for Community Planning and Development. "Everyone else, the one- and two-family homes, are not going to be able to make it, unless they're mansion owners who have deep pockets." Indeed, in early December, the city announced that it will "update its building code to require more stringent protection against floods," such as by requiring all new and rebuilt homes to exceed federal guidelines on elevation, which will raise housing costs significantly.
This change will severely affect low-income people, Angotti says. "Many renters will find that there will be no more rental housing to afford because now it will be too expensive." But it is public housing residents—79,000 of whom were trapped by Sandy in decrepit towers without electricity—who will be the big losers. Angotti says that because public housing is already on the road to privatization, "Sandy provides an opportunity for the closure of public housing in the Rockaways, Coney Island, possibly Red Hook, which would open up new opportunities for private real estate development."
It's all part of the "market mentality," says Angotti. "Let the market handle it, and the market will exclude low-income people without them even having to say it. It will just be as if it were a natural thing."
While everyone pays for flood works, individuals are left exposed to market forces, and big real estate developers reap the benefits. The invisible hand never pauses. After Sandy, one developer snatched up a publicly subsidized 1,093-apartment complex on the Rockaways and is counting on raising rents to profit from the investment—which means pushing out low-income tenants. Along the New York and New Jersey coast, speculators are preying on homeowners desperate to unload damaged houses for less than half their pre-storm value. Meanwhile, Arverne by the Sea, a billion-dollar luxury complex on the Rockaways, emerged virtually unscathed because it was designed to withstand hurricane forces.
Scientists say that by the time sea levels rise by one meter—which could take from 50 years to more than a century—barrier islands such as the Rockaways will have to be encircled by levees to survive. So until then, if left unchecked, wealthy homeowners and middle-income renters will continue to flock to these desirable waterfront regions.
Because adaptation focuses on protecting economic assets, and because coastal communities rely on the business, taxes and revenue that come with development, local building restrictions tend to crumble in the wake of storms like a sand castle at high tide. For example, after Hurricane Hugo pummeled South Carolina in 1989, regulations were eased to allow rebuilding on islands near Charleston such that "megastructures perched on fat pilings" have replaced small, modest homes, according to the Wall Street Journal. Despite the obvious dangers and devastation to barrier islands such as Fire Island, where Sandy caused 30 years' worth of erosion overnight, Cuomo, Bloomberg, Obama and New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie all vowed, "We're rebuilding."
Meanwhile, high oceanside rents will push low-income workers to less expensive locales either outside the city or in remote neighborhoods, where they lack support networks and face overcrowding, underfunded services and hours of commuting.
If the free market goes unfettered, that two-pronged dystopian scenario could play out on a broader scale across the U.S. coast. While storm barriers can guard New York City's flanks, it's impossible to seal the 3,700 miles of Atlantic and Gulf coastline with seawalls and levees. Unique coastal cultures such as the Cajun in Louisiana, Seminoles in Florida and the Gullah and Geechee of the Southeast will likely vanish if their lands disappear beneath the waves. By the latter part of the 21st century, the wealthy will probably cluster in those seaside cities and resorts that can afford flood barriers and hardened towers. Coasts not armored against rising seas will push inland, and their developed areas may shift to live-at-your-own-risk ramshackle dwellings for middle- and low-income groups seeking seaside relief from deadly heat waves brought on by global warming.
Soft Infrastructure
An alternative proposal for climate-change adaptation, more complementary than competing, inserts the social back into the debate. If barriers and berms are "hard infrastructure," then "soft infrastructure" is the flip side. Adam Yarinsky, a principal of the New York-based Architecture Research Office and co-author of On the Water: Palisade Bay, which developed the concept of soft infrastructure, says the idea is to "emulate the way nature responds to storm events [by building] in planted natural systems of shallow water as opposed to a vertical seawall that tries to define an absolute line between water and land. It allows for a more fluid, dynamic tidal zone, which has the benefit of dampening wave force from a storm surge."
Yarinsky and his colleagues acknowledge that soft infrastructure cannot replace surge barriers. Aerts, the risk-management expert, explains, "If you have oyster banks or marshlands it doesn't matter, the surge is going over it. Wetlands help to reduce the strength of waves, but it doesn't reduce the height of the waves."
But soft infrastructure can be an important complement to surge barriers by allowing for controlled flooding that can replace seawalls in some areas, cleaning up blighted ecosystems and serving as a blueprint for viable, mixed-income, mixed-use communities. Proposals reimagining New York's waterfront, grouped in a recent exhibit titled "Rising Currents" at the Museum of Modern Art, include a working waterfront of sustainable oyster beds, fish farms and algal biofuels; seeding the bay with flood-tempering barrier islands, wetlands and breakwaters; and redesigning flood-prone areas with sunken forests, porous streets and hanging buildings to allow water to enter in a controlled fashion.
Soft infrastructure has the potential to address the failings of public housing, which warehoused the poor away from services, from jobs and from the civic and cultural life of the city. Building a "new aqueous city" of flood-resilient housing on the water, fringing the urban edges with parks and wetlands, and creating a working waterfront would result in desirable housing, recreation and jobs that are denied to many New Yorkers. While this has the potential to turn into boutique urban living, Yarinsky's co-authors, architects Guy Nordenson and Catherine Seavitt, argue in favor of creating "flexible and democratic zoning formulae for coastal development that … increase community welfare and resilience to natural disasters."
It's an exciting vision, but democratizing urban planning is a difficult task at best, and it runs counter to how developers manipulate government to generate private wealth. Angotti points out that the rampant waterfront development of the last decade under Bloomberg has the government's fingerprints all over it. Rezoning jacked land values "10, 20, 40 times" overnight while the city funneled subsidies, loans and tax breaks to private developers building on those lands.
If it isn't a problem to find money for surge barriers, as the New York Times asserts, then, given the political will, money can surely be found to develop soft infrastructure that benefits more than developers and million-dollar condo owners. Angotti suggests that instead of burdening the public with the costs, big developers should be made to pay for barriers designed to fortify their "luxury enclaves" and to fund protection for the city's most vulnerable communities. Taxing the wealthy, high-end developments and corporate skyscrapers would generate money for both hard and soft infrastructure.
But political will does not develop out of thin air. To achieve this vision will require broad-based social mobilization by the people who really make the city run. They must assert their right to remake urban space around communal, democratic, liberatory and cultural experiences, rather than ones based on individualism, consumption, spectacle and accumulation.
One thing is certain: Rather than allow the political conversation to revolve around cold cost-benefit calculations, we must redefine the problem in social and ecological terms to make people's needs and natural approaches central to the solution.
Of course, neither hard nor soft infrastructure can hold back rising seas forever. Retreat is inevitable. Even the Dutch, who are at the forefront of adapting to rising seas (as 26 percent of their country is below sea level), plan to eventually abandon 20 percent of their land, according to scientists.
In the United States, says Orrin H. Pilkey, professor emeritus of geology at Duke University, "Virtually every port city up and down the East Coast is talking about getting gates." But some cities are doomed. "Miami, Palm Beach and Fort Lauderdale are sitting on top of very porous limestone" that is as much as 75 feet thick, Pilkey says. A levee is "not going to make the slightest difference. The sea level is going to come up right inside behind it." A two-meter rise will mean "a thousand-plus miles of shoreline will have to be abandoned," he adds. Bowman says New Orleans is in a similar boat. Caught between "subsidence"—sinking land—and rising sea levels, "its days are numbered."
By the year 2300, sea levels could easily be 12 feet higher, and if Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets melt entirely, sea levels will rise by 200 feet, entombing virtually all coastal cities under the ocean. In the meantime, says Bowman, "We need to look beyond the next election cycle, the next quarterly bottom line of the corporation. Let's give it our best shot for, say, 200 years. Then maybe we have to abandon it and the city as you know it dies."
Filed under Climate Change, Environment, Inequality
Tagged as Adam Yarinsky, Architecture Research Office, Arverne by the Sea, Disaster capitalism New York, Hunter College Center for Community Planning and Development, Hurricane Sandy, Jeroen Aerts, Malcolm Bowman, most devastating storm New York City, Occupy Sandy, Orrin Pilkey, Outer Harbor Gateway, post-Sandy rebuilding, Red Hook storm damage, Rising Currents Museum of Modern Art, rising sea levels New York City, Rockaways flood damage, soft infrastructure storm protection, storm surge barriers, Storm Surge Research Group, Tom Angotti, Tropical Storm Floyd, ultimate gated community


Clusters of roses and carnations comprise the field design of this matched pair of incomparably beautiful Aubusson runners.
Beautiful and Quite Refined Antique French Aubusson Runner Rug, Origin: France, Circa: Nineteenth Century, (one of a pair, along with 2854) – This antique French Aubusson rug celebrates centuries of tapestry weaving tradition. The designs are elegant and stately, reflecting rococo or Napoleonic design elements. These designs draw on Greco Roman design elements to reflect their aristocratic beginnings. The same design elements used in this runner rug are reflected in French architecture and furniture design. This classic French Aubusson runner rug brings a touch of grandeur and eloquence to any decorated room.
The beautiful antique French rug features two messy bouquets, reminiscent of the French countryside. The soft colors of the flowers against an elegant ivory background are accented by splashes of red. One might note that both bouquets, although similar, are not identical. The antique French Aubusson runner rug is directional with both bouquets arising from a defined bottom delineated by an element resembling a scrolled Greek urn.
Although the antique rug does not have a defined line of symmetry, is still has a sense of balance that is achieved through the weight and placement of the design elements. It combines hues from light to dark that combine in such a way as to create depth and shadow in the flowers and vine work on the edges. The subdued colors of the antique French Aubusson runner rug give it a sense of lightness and airiness. The main border is denser on the ends than the long the edges, giving it spatial definition.
Occasionally, the flowers break through the line that separates the field of the rug from the main floral border. This gives it an informal and meandering quality, reminiscent of a field of wildflowers in the French countryside. This antique French Aubusson runner rug takes you to a stroll through the French rural countryside and a trip back in time to the extravagance of the time of Louis XV. This peaceful, pastoral rug complements any traditional design, or any area that needs an informal feeling and a breath of summer breezes.
European and Asian designs converge in this exceptional 18th century Aubusson carpet decorated with a strong repeating pattern and bold Bohemian colors.


Plywood's versatility has ensured it an important role in construction, furniture-making and woodcrafts. Plywood is a laminate, with multiple layers of wood chips and shavings laid on top.
Hard-surface floors such as wood, tile, laminate or vinyl should be cleaned according to manufacturer's directions. Get a little mitt and go over all your furniture. 10. And about those windows.
When selecting your office furniture, you will face the option of melamine or veneer surfaces. There are often misconceptions between the two.
What is the plural of veneer? Working alone, Stevens produces his furniture from resawn veneers and air-dried solid wood using traditional joinery. It also features a combination of Brazilian rosewood and ceylon satinwood veneers.
What is veneer artistry? How do you do it? What are the benefits of this method? Finally, the use of veneers also opens up the use of the more exotic woods because it is cost-effective. Furniture made of solid woods like bolivian rosewood, ebony and others are too costly for the average consumer.
What Is The Depreciation Rate For Furniture Furniture depreciation is a non-cash expense that slowly lowers the value of a business asset. Companies use depreciation as a representation of the use for each asset in the company. This ensures that companies accurately record expenditures and show the value they receive from each asset in the company.How To Repair Furniture Legs Here's how to repair those divots.] If you want to tackle the restoration. This is a less powerful stripper marketed mostly for use on fine furniture with turned legs and carved details. It's.
Laurel Crown offers informational furniture articles, including What Are the Disadvantages of Wood Veneer. Find the info you need to make informed buying decisions.
Furniture refers to movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., chairs, stools, and sofas), eating (tables), and sleeping (e.g., beds).
What Is Wood Veneer. A veneer refers to a thin slice of wood, usually thinner than 3 mm (1/8 inch), that is glued onto a substrate. Using veneers will enable you to achieve incredible looking projects that you would not have been able to build using only domestic woods.
What Do You Use To Clean Leather Furniture Remember, if you have any doubt as to the proper way to clean your leather furniture; do not hesitate to call a professional. After all, leather furniture is an investment, and sometimes you may need to spend some extra cash to protect that investment.
Shopping Craiglist, Freecycle, Habitat for Humanity's ReStore and thrift stores is budget-friendly, and old furniture is often much better quality than new pieces found in chain stores, she says. "A.


Do you ever get dressed and feel you just need a dramatic simple piece? Well, the Scarlet is for you. A statement coral piece on 4 black suede cords allows this necklace to be simple and elegant. Dress her up or dress her down, you decide. But one thing is for sure, people will comment on how gorgeous she is!


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Wimbledon 2019: Osaka dumped out by Putintseva in first round, Pliskova and Halep advance
The loss was Osaka's second in a row to Putintseva, who beat her in straight sets in the round of 16 at the Birmingham Classic in the third week of June.
01 July, 2019 21:50 IST
Naomi Osaka reacts during her match against Putintseva. | Photo Credit: AP
Third seed Naomi Osaka's bid to win a third Grand Slam title came to a premature end on Monday when she lost to Kazakh Yulia Putintseva, 7-6 (4), 6-2 in the first round.
The loss was Osaka's second in a row to the 24-year-old Russian, who beat her in straight sets in the round of 16 at the Birmingham Classic in the third week of June. Putintseva, ranked 28th in the world but unseeded at the tournament, matches her best performance at SW19, reaching the second round for the fourth time in the five years.
Russia-born Putintseva had never been on Centre Court before and admitted to being taken aback by its circular shape, although she was far fom over-awed in the manner she played.
"I did a good job out there and I was fighting great," said the 24-year-old. "It is amazing."
Putintseva said she was getting more accustomed to grass, although, she still feels clay is her best surface, and added having a good record against Osaka counted for nothing when they walked out onto Centre Court.
"Honestly every match is a battle I don't know what is going to happen," she said after her third win in three against the Japanese.
"I do my best, that is all I can do."
This was the first time Osaka, the reigning US Open and Australian Open champion, had fallen at the first stage at Wimbledon, losing in the third round the previous two years.
- French Open finalist Vondrousova out in Wimbledon first round -
French Open runner-up Marketa Vondrousova was knocked out in the first round at Wimbledon, losing 6-4 6-4 to American Madison Brengle.
A few days after turning 20, the left-hander struggled to get to grips with her opponent's game as she lost in the first round for the third successive year.
Last month Vondrousova fell just short of becoming the first Czech woman to win the French Open for 38 years when she lost to Australia's Ash Barty in the Roland Garros final.
- Halep goes past Sasnovich -
Simona Halep shook off an injury and won five games in a row in the second set to beat Aliaksandra Sasnovich 6-4, 7-5 in the first match on Court One since the installation of a new roof. "It (the injury) could be an issue but I hope not. I need treatment now. I slid a little bit and felt a little bit of pain behind the knee and the foot," Halep said.
Meanwhile, 17th seed Madison Keys cruised to a 6-3, 6-2 win over Thailand's Luksika Kumkhum to reach the second round, while Elina Svitolina secured a comfortable 7-5, 6-0 triumph over Australia's Daria Gavrilova.
Earlier in the day, third seed Karolina Pliskova fought off a late comeback from China's Zhu Lin to prevail 6-2, 7-6(4).
- Wozniacki, Azarenka advance -
Caroline Wozniacki cruises into the next round after her opponent, Sara Sorribes Tormo, retires hurt. The Dane was leading 5-4 in the first set. Meanwhile, 29th seed Daria Kasatkina has been ousted 3-6, 1-6 by unseeded Aussie Ajla Tomljanovic.
Victoria Azarenka secures a straight sets 6-4, 6-4 triumph over Alize Cornet.
(With inputs from Reuters)
Read more stories on Tennis.
Yulia Putintseva
Serena Williams' last game? Reactions to Serena's retirement hints
Switching from clay to hard court in the middle of a tournament? | ITF J4 Chennai 2022
Tamil Nadu State Tennis C'Ships: A 3.5-hour women's summit clash headlines final day
Roger Federer press conference - "You always want to play forever..."
Roger Federer to retire: Heartbreak for tennis great in 11 Grand Slam finals - story in pictures
Roger Federer to retire: Swiss maestro's 20 Grand Slam dunks in pictures
Keylor Navas
RUSADA
FIH Men's World Cup

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: readthedocs and setuptools scm version wrong I have a package I just updated to use setuptools_scm and found the version number is wrong in readthedocs.
http://sshuttle.readthedocs.org/en/v0.77/ shows:
Version: 0.78.dev0+ng083293e.d20160304

however as version 083293e has the 0.77 tag, the version string should be just 0.77
It looks like readthedocs might be making changes to my source code before building.
I have looked at the readthedocs build logs, and it seems to have the correct version at one stage (0.77), however this is before it builds the documentation.
Processing dependencies for sshuttle==0.77
Finished processing dependencies for sshuttle==0.77

The build logs don't mention the version while building the documentation.
Is it possible to solve this?
Thanks

A: I see that you're building this project.
Clearly, something is mutating the repository state before the version is determined. You can replicate similar behavior by mutating one of the files prior to building the docs yourself:
(sshuttle) $ python setup.py --version
0.77
(sshuttle) $ cat >> setup.py
# a comment
(sshuttle) $ python setup.py --version
0.78.dev0+ng083293e.d20160403

In the read the docs docs, there's a description of the process.
There, you can see the steps RTD does, namely, (a) run setup.py install then (b) install requirements in requirements.txt.
I've confirmed that neither of those steps should be mutating the repo state.
What it doesn't explain, however, is where that 'version' comes from, or what update_imported_docs does. I suspect the issue lies in something subtle that read the docs is doing that modifies the repo.
Here's one place where the conf.py file gets modified.
Perhaps adding docs/conf.py to your .gitignore will allow those changes to be ignored and thus not dirty your working state when calculating the project version.

A: https://github.com/pypa/setuptools_scm/issues/84 has been updated to record this
we will be working with the sphinx team to provide a automated/painless version of this process

A: The documentation for setuptools_scm now has instructions on how to use with readthedocs:

It is discouraged to use setuptools_scm from sphinx itself, instead
  use pkg_resources after editable/real installation:
from pkg_resources import get_distribution
release = get_distribution('myproject').version
# for example take major/minor
version = '.'.join(release.split('.')[:2])

The underlying reason is, that
  services like readthedocs sometimes change the workingdirectory for
  good reasons and using the installed metadata prevents using needless
  volatile data there.

This avoids the need to use kluges as per the other answer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


ViciniVax is a Dutch clinical stage biopharmaceutical company. It is a spin-off from the University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands, developing therapeutic cancer vaccines.
Our first product candidate Vvax001, a therapeutic cancer vaccine against (pre)malignant cervical lesions, is currently in Phase I clinical development.
Cervical cancer is the second largest cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide.
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection has been recognized as the necessary cause of premalignant cervical lesions (so called CIN2/3) and cervical cancer. HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease, affecting about 400 million women worldwide. Most infections are spontaneously eliminated in less than one year. However, persistent HPV infection can lead to CIN2/3 and then to cervical cancer. Worldwide, CIN2/3 hits 7 million women, while cervical cancer affects 0.5 million women each year leading to more than 270 thousand deaths.
Current treatment for CIN2/3 relies primarily on surgery, which is highly discomforting and carry a risk of serious complications like bleeding, cervical stenosis and cervical incompetence, leading to infertility. Above all, it does not eradicate the underlying HPV infection.
Therapeutic vaccination offers an attractive alternative to the current surgical options for treating premalignant lesions; it can address the underlying HPV infection as well as all HPV-associated lesions regardless of location, and induce long-lasting immunity, thus preventing recurrence.
ViciniVax' product candidate Vvax001 is a recombinant viral vector, specifically modified to elicit a strong immunological anti-tumor response after vaccination. We demonstrated in mice that Vvax001 induces robust HPV-specific cellular immune and memory responses, resulting in excellent therapeutic anti-tumor efficacy.
Supported by the University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), the Dutch Cancer Society, our founders and our seed investors Hanzepoort, KCF fund and the Smid Fonds, a first financing round was closed in 2011 enabling development of Vvax001 towards clinical testing. Process development, GMP manufacturing and non-clinical safety studies have been completed. Our first clinical trial has been initiated in Q4-2016, and databaselock is scheduled for Q1 2018.


Previous YWCA of Alton Women of Distinction Academy honorees.
ALTON — Nominations are now open for the YWCA of Alton Women of Distinction Academy, a program that recognizes women for exceptional achievements, personal excellence and outstanding actions in the community.
Honorees will be recognized during a celebration dinner on Thursday, May 2, in The Commons at Lewis and Clark Community College. The Women of Distinction celebration is largest, most visible and important tribute in the area to professional women leaders. Family, friends, and colleagues are invited to celebrate this achievement as well. At the dinner, honorees become part of the YWCA of Alton's WOD Academy, committed to the YWCA's mission to empower women and eliminate racism.
Dorothy Hummel, YWCA of Alton executive director, says she looks forward to the event.
All proceeds from the Women of Distinction celebration support YWCA of Alton's programs to eliminate racism, empower women, and promote peace, justice, freedom and dignity for all.
Since 1991, the YWCA of Alton has presented over 270 local women with its Women of Distinction Award. The honorees are selected based upon their boundless commitment to community through their service to others and through their compassionate leadership improving the quality of life for their communities.
A volunteer panel of judges will select this year's honorees from nominations made by the public or organizations throughout the counties served by the YWCA of Alton. Honorees will be selected for significant contributions in areas such as, but not limited to: arts, business, professions, communications/media, community service, education, entrepreneurship, social services and government.
Nomination packets are now available at YWCA of Alton, 304 E. Third St., Alton, online at www.altonywca.com, via email: info@altonywca.com, or by calling (618) 465-7774. Nomination deadline is Feb. 27.


text:
A bridal registry  or wedding registry is a service provided by a website or retail store that assists engaged couples in the communication of gift preferences to wedding guests. Selecting items from store stock, the couple lists desired items and files this list with the chosen merchant.  The list is then made available to wedding guests, either by the couple's family or by the merchant.  Upon the purchase of a listed item, the merchant updates the gift registry accordingly.  In addition to providing valuable information for the buyer, the system helps prevent the receipt of duplicate or unwanted gifts, potentially saving time for both the giver and recipient.

The Chicago-founded department store Marshall Field's first instituted the practice of a bridal registry in 1924 at its Marshall Field and Company Building as a means for the engaged couple to indicate chosen china, silver, and crystal patterns to family and friends.  US-based Target stores pioneered the electronic self-service gift registry in 1993, using a service provided by The Gift Certificate Center of Minneapolis. William J. Veeneman (the founder and CEO of The Gift Certificate Center) and others invented and subsequently patented the technology.

Since the turn of the 21st century, the traditional concept of the bridal registry has evolved.   there are now more specialized versions such as the honeymoon registry, baby registry, house registry, and charity registry.  Additionally, there are registry services that allow registrants to place items from many stores on a single registry (commonly called Universal Registries).

In the UK, bridal registries are more commonly known as Wedding Lists. It is common for couples to send out a copy of their Wedding List details with their wedding invitations.  There has also been a recent trend towards gift-list services that allow the couple to add almost anything to their gift list—such as contributions to their honeymoon, flights, or experience days, as well as traditional gifts from any store.

During the last couple of years, bridal registries have become popular across Europe. Since an increasing number of Europeans study or work abroad at some point in their life, European weddings tend to have international guests. European registry services often account for this by being multi-lingual.

Other kinds of registries

Gift registry

Baby registries

A baby registry, a service provided by a website or retail store, helps expectant parents to communicate gift preferences to their friends and family. The family lists desired items for their newborn from a store or other service and compile them into a list. The list is then made available to baby shower attendees and other friends and family, either by the couple's family or by the merchant. Upon the purchase of a listed item, the gift registry is updated accordingly. In addition to providing valuable information for the buyer, the system helps prevent the receipt of duplicate or unwanted gifts, potentially saving time for both the giver and expectant family.

Baby registries are a variation of bridal registries and have become an important part of contemporary American baby showers, held by many expectant moms in the United States. Fathers are also beginning to join the tradition.

In addition to merchant-centered registries, there are registry services that allow registrants to place items from many stores on a single registry. Originally, registry lists were held by retailers on location. However, since many retailers have opened that information in their online registries, new parents have been reporting privacy leaks with names, addresses, and birth dates showing as top results on search engines against the will of the wishing couple. A new generation of private online baby registry sites is now offering families the ability to add items from any store and invite their guests privately, or with additional authentication, to prevent unnecessary data exposure.

References

Wedding gifts
Pre-wedding

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In 1942 the German V2 was the first rocket to reach 100km from the Earth's surface (the boundary of space).
The rocket was designed by Wernher Von Braun, who later worked with NASA as the creator of the rockets that went to the moon.
Once it had landed on the moon, the robotic spaceship Surveyor 1 started taking photographs of the moon's surface, which it transmitted back to excited scientists in America and around the world.
The scientists used this vital information about the terrain to work out how they might land people on the moon safely.
With five hugely powerful rocket motors, it can fly at more than 17,000 miles per hour. Six have been built.
In 1989, Helen Sharman entered a competition to become the first British astronaut in space. After 18 months of intensive training, Helen was part of a Russian mission to the MIR space station.
She spent eight days in space conducting scientific experiments. She used to work for the sweet company that makes Mars bars!
On June 21st, 2004, SpaceShipOne made the first ever privately funded manned space flight. This space plane was built by a private aviation firm to win the 10 million dollar Ansari X Prize.
A new Airline, Virgin Galactic has been set up to offer private tourist flights into space, using a new version of this space plane. Tickets are available for flights, starting around 2012.
In November 1957, the Russian space dog Laika became the first animal to orbit the earth.
Laika travelled in a spacecraft known as Sputnik 2. Laika means "Barker" in Russian, and her mission helped scientists understand whether people could survive in space.
In 1947, the first animals were launched into space. Fruit flies were used to study the effects of space travel on animals, and were chosen because they are more similar to humans than you might imagine!
The flies travelled with a supply of corn to eat on the flight.
Albert II, was the first monkey in space. He was a Rhesus monkey, a type of monkey that originally comes from Asia.
Albert went into space on 14th June, 1949 in a specially adapted American V2 rocket, that flew to a height of 83 miles from earth.
On 4th October 1957, Russia launched the first satellite into space; Sputnik 1, and the space age had properly begun!


Richard F Conti, 81, of Dagsboro, Del., and formerly of Silver Spring, Md., passed away suddenly Tuesday, Oct. 25, 2016, at Atlantic General Hospital in Berlin, Md., surrounded by family and friends.
He was born Oct. 11, 1935, in Portland, Maine, son of the late Francis Conti and Virginia M. (Clancey) Conti.
He was a PGA Golf Pro and retired from Maryland National Park and Planning in 2002.
Conti is survived by his wife of 34 years, Pamela Wright Conti of Dagsboro; daughter, Jennifer Lynn McMullen and husband, Marshall, of Orrtanna, Pa.; daughter by choice, JoAnna Leigh Simpson and husband, Juston, of Indian Head, Md.; six grandchildren, Mattison, Coleby, Alyssa, Samantha, Danielle and Nataleigh; two great-grandchildren, Skyla and Jackson; brother-in-law, Charles Wright and wife, Lauri; sister-in-law, Kay Hall and husband, Warren; a nephew, Timothy Wright and wife, Leah; a great-niece, Elizabeth; and his beloved dogs, Casey and Angel.
He was preceded in death by his parents and son, Anthony "Tony" Mullis.
A celebration of life was scheduled for Oct. 29, 2016, at Melson's Funeral Services, Ocean View, Del.
In lieu of flowers, memorial donations may be made to High Tide Church; PO Box 127; Dagsboro DE 19939, or to Delaware SPCA; 22918 DuPont Blvd.; Georgetown, DE 19947.


The reception is natural for us.
If you love the countryside, nature and you are looking for a quiet place just a few steps from Lake Fimon, and 10 km from Vicenza with a warm and rustic smiling hospitality, this is the place for you. Our five rooms, all with private bathrooms, and basically furnished in rustic style are part of our essence, as our four pitches for camping that is open to the countryside behind the accommodation, The camping is equipped with hot and cold water, electricity and ability to drain for campers and caravans.
The smell of freshly cut grass, wheat or corn freshly harvested, and the cycle path where you can walk, run, jump, to Lake Fimon or even go directly into the city center of Vicenza, without having to pass on busy roads, are our strengths. In the fifteen years of activity, we have had a good number of guests, and almost all have become part of us, and we remember them pleasantly, and hopefully with a little of conviction, that it is mutual, since many of them have returned.
If you love the freedom of movement, tranquility, naturalness and simplicity come and visit us. We do not offer a simple holiday in nature, but, we make you live with us naturally.


The heat of the Texan sun is being rivalled only by the fever generated by optimism over the Industrial Internet of Things at this year's NI Week event.
NI Week has opened in the Texan capital of Austin, the home of host National Instruments – as well as an impressive list of Fortune 500 technology companies which makes this corner of Texas seem like a small displaced enclave of Silicon Valley.
The Internet of Things is at the top of the agenda for the company that provides the platform on which industrial systems and networks are measured, validated and controlled. With a prediction of 50 billion connected devices being in existence by as soon as 2020, the company and its partners have their work cut out.
Industrial connectivity, the latest developments in 5G communications and an impressive array of applications built on LabView formed the core of the event. It is clear that optimism is high but the challenges are nonetheless massive. A lack of interconnect standards and the shortage of bandwidth to cope with the explosion of data that the IoT will generate are just the start. There is also the question of what can be done with all the data that the Industrial IoT will generate. According to the International Data Corporation, this analogue Big Data associated with the Industrial Internet of Things will double every year to reach a staggering 4.4ZB (1 Zettabyte = 1 billion terabytes) of raw data by 2020.
In his keynote address at the event, technology futurist Micky McManus made the grammatically perfect if rather nebulous prediction that "you haven't seen anything yet". McManus predicts trillions of connections between devices creating what he describes as an ecological system of data in which we will live as a constituent part, as opposed to a technology from which we sit apart.
The "unbounded malignant complexity" that McManus described also provides vast opportunities: he says that the existing state-of-the-art in the Internet of Things is nothing more than a modern-age primordial soup, from which the interconnected, intelligent technology of the future has yet to emerge, comprising both the good and the bad.
Compared to the kind of future being predicted by Micky McManus, the 50 billion connected devices predicted to be in existence by 2020 seems to be just a small drop in the primordial soup.


text:
Home > Instrumental CDs > Wind CDs > Reginald Kell (Clarinet) (Clarinet Classics CC0049)
Item# W0015
W0015. REGINALD KELL: Mourant, Debussy, Yradier, Raybould, Kreisler, Robinson, Harrison, Balfe, Porter-Brown, Clutsam, Stephen Foster, etc. (England) Clarinet Classics CC0049, recorded 1942-55. Very long out-of-print, Final Sealed Copy! - 5023581004927
"Born in York, England, Reginald Kell was an English clarinettist who studied with Haydn Draper until 1932. While still a student he was engaged as principal clarinettist of the orchestra of the Royal Philharmonic Society. After graduation he was Sir Thomas Beecham's choice as first clarinet for the London Philharmonic when the orchestra was formed in 1932. He left the LPO in 1936, was Arturo Toscanini's principal clarinettist in the Lucerne Festival Orchestra in 1939, and was invited, but declined, to take the same position in Toscanini's NBC Symphony Orchestra.
He was noted especially for his career as a soloist and chamber music player. He was the principal clarinettist in leading British orchestras, including the London Philharmonic, Philharmonia, and Royal Philharmonic, and was also active as a solo recording artist.
Kell was influential as one of the first clarinettists to employ continuous vibrato to enhance the expressive quality of the instrument. He was also a noted teacher, serving two different appointments at his alma mater, the Royal Academy of Music in London. In 1948 Kell moved to the United States where he pursued a solo career and taught, with pupils including the jazz clarinettist Benny Goodman. In addition to his orchestral work Kell taught at the Royal Academy between 1935 and 1939, and played in chamber music. His solo repertoire extended from Corelli and earlier to twentieth century works. He was the first prominent clarinettist to apply vibrato consciously and consistently to his tone, in which respect he modelled himself on the oboist Léon Goossens. (Kell's contemporary Jack Brymer was another pioneer of vibrato on the clarinet, but came to prominence later than Kell.) Inspired by the great singers with whom he came in contact, notably Kirsten Flagstad, Kell sought to emulate their warm expressive sounds on the clarinet.
During the Second World War Kell was principal clarinettist of the Liverpool Philharmonic Orchestra, at a time when its members included many of the country's leading players. When Walter Legge founded the Philharmonia Orchestra in 1945 Kell became its principal clarinettist. At its first concert, conducted by Beecham, Kell was the soloist in Mozart's Clarinet Concerto. The following year Beecham founded the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra and as the Philharmonia in its early days played few concerts, working mostly in the recording studio, Kell was able to serve as principal in both orchestras, as did the horn player Dennis Brain. In 1948 Kell gave up both positions; he was succeeded at the Philharmonia by Walton, and at the Royal Philharmonic by Brymer.
Kell moved to the USA in 1948 making a successful concert and recording career. He was also a noted teacher, his best-known pupil being Benny Goodman, who approached him for lessons in 1948–49. Kell initially refused, considering that any necessary changes would initially have an adverse effect on Goodman's playing before improving it; he did not want the American public to view him as 'the man who ruined our Benny Goodman'. Goodman persisted and Kell accepted him as a student in 1952 and taught him until his return to England.
After retiring from the concert scene, Mr. Kell took up painting and had several exhibitions of his canvases."
- THE NEW YORK TIMES, 22 Aug., 1981 & Wikipedia


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In March of 2012, the New York Department of Environmental Conservation's (DEC) Marine Resource Advisory Council (MRAC) will reconvene to review the fluke options for the 2012 fishing season. It is hoped that the final approval from the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission (ASMFC) will support New York's request for a 19-1/2-inch size limit, with a three or four fish bag limit and open season of May 1 to September 30. Such action would be good news for recreational anglers and the supporting businesses, given that size limits during the past few seasons have eclipsed the 20-inch mark, more in line with a sizable keeper halibut than our local fluke.
In deliberating on possible regulations at the January meeting of the MRAC, a reduction in size to 19 inches was on the table for consideration. However, MRAC members, under the advice from science and statistical staff at DEC, decided unanimously against dropping the size limit to 19 inches for fear of going over the allowable 2012 harvest. Following the reauthorization of the federal fisheries law (Magnuson-Stevens Act) in 2006 and subsequent vote by members of the Mid Atlantic Fishery Management Council (MAFMC) in 2010, anytime fishermen go over their annual catch limit in a given season, that sector is required to pay back that specific overage in the following season.
For example, in 2003 the "fatally flawed" Marine Recreational Fishing Statistical Survey (MRFSS) determined that New York anglers over-harvested their allowable limit of fluke by more than 100%, resulting in severe limitations on season, size and bag limit for each of the following seasons. Due to requirements then that states take a more precautionary approach in seasons following such findings of overharvest, MAFMC's then deputy director Chris Moore recommended that New York take a 48.3% reduction the following season with a 2004 landings target of 783,000 fish, down from 1.5 million fish allowed in 2003.
By comparison, New York anglers were able to land over 1.2 million fish in 1998, while in 2012 we're being granted just 492,000 fish. That's a staggering disconnect when you consider that New York had the same state-specific percentage of allocation in 2003 that we have today, yet we're now fishing on a far healthier stock of fish both biologically and in statutory terms. In fact, the Northeast Fisheries Science Center actually has found that the fluke stock has officially been deemed a rebuilt stock of fish as of 2010, meaning we had more fish available to us as anglers in New York 10 years ago when the fishery was still rebuilding.
It should be noted that the total spawning stock biomass of fluke in the ocean back in 1998 was tabbed by scientists at 26,350 metric tons of fish, whereas today that number has nearly tripled to a 2012 biomass of 78,567 metric tons. While the size of the available fluke stock has nearly tripled, New York's total allowable landings are less than half of what we were allowed back in 1998.
While these precautionary approaches to fluke management have been bad enough over the past 10 years, new 'accountability measures' written into the Magnuson-Stevens Act which take effect this season will require a very specific overage payback anytime the MRFSS data indicates that anglers have gone over. That means if we were to overharvest our 2012 quota by 100% as we did in 2003, we'll then be responsible for paying back 100% of that overage in terms of total numbers of fish for 2013.
NMFS is killing New York with "fatally flawed" harvest data which was supposed to have been replaced, by law, back in 2009.
Considering that looming future punishment, MRAC members looked at the possibility of lowering the size limit to 19 inches for 2012 but thought of what could possibly happen if MRFSS data shows that anglers had a banner year with the new size limit. Their responsible approach to selecting the 19-1/2-inch size limit was in recognizing that the risk of going over and losing the 2013 season was simply not worth the extra half inch of fish.
Similar to missing a credit card payment, those of us who fish for fluke in New York have been sidled with exorbitant interest rates for the past eight years, unable to pay down the actual principle resulting from that 2003 statistical nightmare. Just as we are about to get back on our feet – and about the time when fluke is considered to be statutorily rebuilt and as healthy as the stock has ever been – the federal fisheries law is set to take another bite out of our budget with a new set of arbitrary measures and draconian restrictions designed to add yet another layer of precautionary management upon our recreational fishing community.
Exactly, it's still just 50 pounds of excrement.
Regrettably, the Congressional mandate to utilize an angler registry and enhance the validity of dockside intercepts has not been met, which NMFS has stated (in Congressional testimony) will not officially be completed until sometime in 2013. That means regional and state fishing advisor and councilors are still being forced to manage season-by-season regulations using "fatally flawed" data. Hence, instead of seeing a more reasonable size limit of 19 inches, the MRAC was forced to act with even more precaution in order to hedge their bet for 2013 in the face of continued restrictive measures coming out of the reauthorized Magnuson-Stevens Act calling for hard annual catch limits managed by soft and unreliable survey data from within the recreational sector.
It's easy to point fingers at organizations and individuals for being to blame for the mess we're in with regard to responsible access to our coastal fisheries. In the end, the real problem lies with Congress which passed the Magnuson-Stevens reauthorization by unanimous consent in the Senate back in 2006, meaning all input and debate by fishermen was left outside on the steps to Capitol Hill.
That's why New York Sportfishing Federation supports HR3061, the Flexibility and Access in Rebuilding American Fisheries Act of 2011. Co-sponsored by New York members of the House of Representatives including Congressman Peter King, Congressman Bob Turner and Congressman Michael Grimm, the bill would make critical improvements to the way America's fisheries are managed, including a requirement that the National Research Council perform another comprehensive report on improvements made to the recreational fishing data collection since the last reauthorization.


text:
layout: base
title:  'Statistics of AdpType in UD_Komi_Zyrian-IKDP'
udver: '2'
---

## Treebank Statistics: UD_Komi_Zyrian-IKDP: Features: `AdpType`

This feature is language-specific.
It occurs with 1 different values: `Post`.

7 tokens (0%) have a non-empty value of `AdpType`.
4 types (0%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of `AdpType`.
3 lemmas (0%) occur at least once with a non-empty value of `AdpType`.
The feature is used with 1 part-of-speech tags: <tt>ADP</tt> (7; 0% instances).

### `ADP`

7 <tt>ADP</tt> tokens (11% of all `ADP` tokens) have a non-empty value of `AdpType`.

The most frequent other feature values with which `ADP` and `AdpType` co-occurred: <tt>Case</tt><tt>=EMPTY</tt> (6; 86%), <tt>Number</tt><tt>=EMPTY</tt> (6; 86%), <tt>Number[psor]</tt><tt>=EMPTY</tt> (4; 57%), <tt>Person[psor]</tt><tt>=EMPTY</tt> (4; 57%).

`ADP` tokens may have the following values of `AdpType`:

* `Post` (7; 100% of non-empty `AdpType`): кузя, кузяыс, вӧсна, йылысь

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The reservoirs of architectural atmospheres
liminal city May 10, 2013 May 24, 2013 Architecture, Psychogeography
Walking shares with making and working that crucial element of engagement of the body and the mind with the world, of knowing the world through the body and the body through the world
– Rebecca Solnit
Nick Dunn and Richard Brook's interesting book Urban Maps contains a chapter in which they explore the notion of the city as a 'poly-nucleic model in which the centre and edge of the city are integrated in a variety of urban conditions'. The integrated city considers our sense of place as simultaneously a physiological entity and a knowledge based abstract construct. We inhabit this landscape both as weary walkers and technologically connected thinkers. They argue however that this strict distinction of analysis or 'bifurcation of the city' is perhaps problematic due to the rich diversity of cultural interaction between the actual and digitally represented locality.
This 'layered city' subverts the traditional concept of Ruskin's picturesque, who posited that buildings should be grounded in blunt materiality and mass, and derive their presence by mirroring nature. He wrote in Stones of Venice 'when a highland cottage roof is covered with fragments of shale instead of slates, it becomes picturesque, because the irregularity and rude fractures of the rocks, and their grey and gloomy colour, give to it something of the savageness, and much of the general aspect, of the slope of a mountain side. But as a mere cottage roof, it cannot be sublime, and whatever sublimity it derives from the wildness or sternness which the mountains have given it in its covering, is, so far forth, parasitical.' In Ruskin's eyes the architecture is a pure manifestation of God given natural order, structures do not exist in any other consideration except material form.
The connected city encourages us to also look with digitally enhanced eyes. Smart-phone applications such as Instagram capture a fake vintage aesthetic and instantly transpose this to a shared digital map. The representation of the urban grid becomes intimately linked to our appreciation of this realm by the use of geosynchronous satellite mapping and web enabled software. Instagram plays upon nostalgic analogue Polaroid camera techniques in order to simulate digital memories of place. Dunn and Brook note that this linked ability has given rise to 'a schism between the high degree of connectivity that permeates digital networks versus the increasingly fragmentary nature of the physical urban condition'. A hybrid aesthetic is formulated in order to facilitate a dialogue between Ruskin's raw fabrications and the contemporary position of artifice. However this computational derived branding is often simply utilised to justify cartoon-like fabrications that fetishise software culture, cities occasionally become victims of erstwhile neon fashions, such as the crystalline Tokyo structure shown below.
Tower of Winds by Toyo Ito 1986 (Wikimedia Commons).
In Rachel Hewit's excellent book Map of a Nation on the history of the Ordnance Survey she quotes Fra Mauro (a pioneering cartographer), who wrote 'my map was only one version of reality, it would only be of any use if it were employed as an instrument of the imagination. It occurred to me that the world itself should be seen as an elaborate artifice and the expression of a will without end'. Mauro back in the 15th century realised that a conceptual notion of place and its existence as a distinct object could not be conceived of separately. The map is more than simple image and could be regarded as a parallel form of language echoing Walter Benjamin who wrote 'the word must communicate something (other than itself). Mauro's map links the picturesque landscape with human analysis in this instance in an attempt to document the extent of the known medieval world and become more than a mere drawing or symbol.
Can architecture conceive of a fabrication that follows a third way, neither the naive simplicity of Ruskin nor the cyberpunk fantasies of data embedded glowing towers, one that links the mind and the body in a more intimate manner? One thinker Christian Norberg-Schulz has attempted to reconcile this sense of meaning of place, addressing phenomenological concerns within the parameters of architecture. He writes 'architecture is a concrete phenomenon. It comprises landscapes and settlements, buildings and characterizing articulation. Therefore it is a living reality. Since remote times architecture has helped man in making his existence meaningful. With the aid of architecture he has gained a foothold in space and time. Architecture is therefore concerned with something more than practical needs and economy. It is concerned with existential meanings. Existential meanings are derived from natural, human and spiritual phenomena, and are experienced as order and character. Architecture translates these meanings into spatial forms… Architecture ought to be understood in terms of meaningful (symbolic) forms. As such it is part of the history of existential meanings. Today man feels an urgent need for a reconquest of architecture as a concrete phenomenon'.
Award winning architect Peter Zumthor has not explicitly stated that his designs are overtly phenomenological entities, however he has offered up a rich language of experiential architecture and writing which embraces this existential leaning. He began his career as a trained cabinet maker and slowly formulated a considered approach which is documented in his book Thinking Architecture. He states 'for me building becomes interesting when it becomes a real building of matter, flesh and blood', structures thus manifest as living emotional zones. Zumthor in the past has got his eager students to design pathways for the blind and investigate other lavish sensory considerations. When inhabiting these spaces navigation becomes an act of linking thought and place. Zumthor again, 'memories…contain the deepest architectural experience that I know. They are the reservoirs of the architectural atmospheres and images which I explore in my work as an architect.'
Bruder Klaus Chapel by Peter Zumthor 2007 (Wikimedia Commons).
Zumthor's Bruder Klaus Field Chapel (2007) is a wonderful example of a delicate process of consideration, 'every touch, every join, every joint is there in order to reinforce the idea of the quiet presence of the work.' The chapel was built by farmers wanting to honour their local saint. It was constructed by forming a conical shape of trees, wrapping the geometry in oblong form-work and then pouring concrete over them. Once the concrete had set the timber was burnt out in order to leave an enigmatic charred grey wedge open to the skies. The mysterious mass externally has a solitary funereal quality and internally a womb-like cave. Gazing upwards from the quiet interior the open iris at the crest glows like the sun, fingers of gold trace downwards and pick out the cast lead floor, whilst the undulating charcoal walls shimmer, pierced by the glazed apertures left by removed ties. Zumthor notes 'if a work of architecture consists of forms and contents which combine to create a strong fundamental mood that is powerful enough to affect us, it may possess the qualities of a work of art. This art has, however, nothing to do with interesting configurations or originality. It is concerned with insights and understanding, and above all with truth'. This is an explicit space for silent contemplation through the use of an evocative palette directly connecting the solid with the ephemeral order of things. It is a meditative device or memory machine, one which endeavours to facilitate a ponderous internal dialogue.
Bruder Klaus Chapel by Peter Zumthor 2007 (Location) (Wikimedia Commons).
Writer Rebecca Solnit considering the question of inhabitation and motion, observes 'in great cities, spaces as well as places are designed and built: walking, witnessing, being in public, are as much part of the design and purpose as is being inside to eat, sleep, make shoes or love or music. The word citizen has to do with cities, and the ideal city is organized around citizenship — around participation in public life.' For Solnit the city only comes alive through this participatory dialogue of information and interaction. Bruder Klaus Field Chapel attempts to reconcile the stark schism between both memory and surface and link these divergent municipal threads. In doing so it creates a sublime narrative between the disjointed nodes of the poly-nucleic infrastructure and welcomes us all into its patient 'reservoirs of architectural atmospheres'.
architecture, bruder klaus field chapel, christian norberg-schulz, fra mauro, instagram, liminal, liminal architecture, map of a nation, nick dunn, nostalgia, ordance survey, peter zumthor, phenomenology, picturesque, polaroid, psychogeography, rachel hewitt, rebecca solnit, richard brook, ruskin, stones of venice, sublime, thinking architecture, tokyo, toyo ito, urban maps, urbanism, walter benjamin
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Published by liminal city
Exploring the fragile borders between landscape and people. Of architecture, cities, geography, maps, mythology, drifting, perambulation, wanderlust, deep topography, psychogeography, the creative spirit and the environment. View all posts by liminal city
michael9murray says:
Excellent blog – stimulating, wide-ranging, and deeply considered. Good stuff!
dobraszczyk says:
I enjoyed this post very much. Very useful in fact as I'm currently writing about the relationship between film, urban space and maps. Architectural atmosphere can also be read as 'ornament', if one defines ornament as the interaction of the subjective and the objective, or feelings and materials.
liminal city says:
Oh that's sounds intriguing, I look forward to reading it. Certain films portray a kind of living city which can be enthralling, whether that is Naked or Blade Runner. There was a period of architectural design which embraced the notion of the cinematic city and Derrida's event space, in an age of self promotion on the internet this has almost come to pass.
thehauntedshoreline says:
Meanwhile In Beijing..
http://www.guardian.co.uk/artanddesign/architecture-design-blog/2013/may/10/beijing-peoples-daily-giant-penis
Heh, I saw that, does little to disprove the theory of the architectural phallus!
fifepsychogeography says:
Great post Matt. Lots to ponder on and think about. Very taken with the Zumthor chapel.
Thanks, the work of Zumthor is definitely worth investigating, I've visited a number of his buildings and also met him too, the work has an amazingly rich quality that's hard to place or sometimes even describe!
You write so well about architecture Matt! I am a great admirer of Norberg-Schulz, and have many of his books. He does have a following among certain contemporary architects even if unacknowledged. The only work by Zumthor I have seen was the Serpentine Pavilion of a few years ago which I loved, although I must admit as much for the planting as the architecture! (http://dianajhale.wordpress.com/2011/10/12/serpentine-pavilion-2011/) I would love to see more. Some very interesting links of ideas here, thanks.
I confess I'd only come across material of NS in other collections of architectural writing. Zumthor is definitely worth investigating, if you ever get a chance to see his early projects in Switzerland you must, so understated and yet deeply moving and beautifully conceived. I shall click now on your link!
lukebennett13 says:
Plenty to chew on here Matt, a great post.
Thanks very kind, the chapel is almost a bunker of sorts…
urbanculturalstudies says:
Reblogged this on urbanculturalstudies.
disconnectedlandscapes says:
Reblogged this on Disconnected Landscapes.


text:
Bolbitius demangei är en svampart som tillhör divisionen basidiesvampar, och som först beskrevs av Lucien Quélet, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Pier Andrea Saccardo och Domenico Saccardo. Bolbitius demangei ingår i släktet Bolbitius, och familjen Bolbitiaceae. Arten har ej påträffats i Sverige.

Källor

Skivlingar
demangei


Doodlecraft: Geometric Animal Dinosaur FREEBIES Printables!
Geometric Animal Dinosaur FREEBIES Printables!
If you missed yesterdays, click here!
Circus Elephant and a Seal with a ball!
And Tyrannosaurus Rex and Stegosaurus!


text:
Results of largest Vietnamese genome research project revealed
The Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology has revealed initial results of the Vietnamese genome decoding project after more than two years of research.
A researcher works at the Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology in Hanoi
The project, entitled "Research on the Vietnamese genome", is the first massive database of Vietnamese genomes, conducted from decoding the genomes of 305 healthy Kinh people in combination with data of 101 previously published genomes.
Research results published more than 24 million points of change, including more than 700 thousand completely new points. Accordingly, the Vietnamese genome is different from the genomes of other populations, which is reflected in the large difference in the frequency of occurrence of many genetic changes.
Specifically, research found that 1.24 million changes appear in Kinh people, but appear very little in other populations. This is an important contribution, providing a highly reliable reference base for future biomedical studies and applications on Vietnamese people's health related to genetics.
Analysing the Vietnamese genome showed the difference of Kinh people to other populations. Compared to the international database of 1,000 human genomes, about one third of the genetic variation in the Kinh population does not occur in the Han Chinese population and vice versa.
In particular, analysis results of ancestral origin of human populations showed that current Southeast Asians, including the Kinh Vietnamese people, have their roots in ancient Southeast Asians.
The data also confirms that Kinh and Thai people have high genome homology in genomes and close evolutionary relationships. Meanwhile, the interference and gene transfer from East Asian populations to Vietnamese Kinh population is negligible.
Data from the study also contributes to reinforce the scientific hypothesis that people from Africa settled in Southeast Asia and then migrated deep into the continent from the south to the north.
For the first time, the study was conducted independently by all Vietnamese scientists at the Vinmec Research Institute of Stem Cell and Gene Technology (VRISG) from December 2016 to March 2019.
"Genetic data closely relates to health and pathology, contributing to treat cancer issues and genetic diseases, especially in the development trend of individualised medicine. Therefore, the research is an important reference basis for biomedical studies related to health, disease and anthropology of Vietnamese people, especially the development of methods for early detection of cancer genes, metabolism and response to treatment drugs, genetic diseases or neurodegeneration problems like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's," said Prof. Dr. Nguyen Thanh Liem, Director of VRISG, head of the project.
To date, the Vietnamese genome database is considered to be the most complete dictionary of the Vietnamese human gene data system. Previously, domestic scientists often had to refer to genomes from foreign populations.
The project's results have recently been published in Human Mutation, an international medical journal of human genetics. The study is also available on genomes.vn website. This is an important reference data source for biomedical, pharmacological and historical research and application.
Journey to sequence Vietnamese human genome