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Q: How to simulate C# char.IsLetter in VB6 I am not so happy with MSDN about char.IsLetter description. I can't understand so well.
From common sense, the Letter is :A-Z,a-z,Unicode string... From what I test, "~!@#$%^..." and 0-9 are not belong to IsLetter category. Yeah, the range is huge, How to simulate C# char.IsLetter (write similar code) in VB6?

A:

Option Explicit

Private Declare Function IsCharAlphaW Lib "user32" (ByVal cChar As Integer) As Long
Private Declare Function IsCharAlphaNumericW Lib "user32" (ByVal cChar As Integer) As Long

Public Property Get IsAlpha(character As String) As Boolean
    IsAlpha = IsCharAlphaW(AscW(character))
End Property

Public Property Get IsAlphaNumeric(character As String) As Boolean
    IsAlphaNumeric = IsCharAlphaNumericW(AscW(character))
End Property

Public Property Get IsNumeric(character As String) As Boolean
    IsNumeric = IsAlphaNumeric(character) And Not IsAlpha(character)
End Property

Private Sub Form_Load()
   Debug.Print "a", IsAlpha("a")
   Debug.Print "Z", IsAlpha("Z")
   Debug.Print "0", IsAlpha("0"), IsNumeric("0")
   Debug.Print "ChrW$(&HFF21)", IsAlpha(ChrW$(&HFF21))
   Debug.Print "ChrW$(&HFF10)", IsAlpha(ChrW$(&HFF10)), IsNumeric(ChrW$(&HFF10))
End Sub

A: This is working for me, but I did a VERY quick test. It uses the User32.dll API call IsCharAlphaW which should be available on Windows 2000 Professional and up. Try it out, and if it's not right I'll delete the answer so it doesn't confuse anyone.
Note: there is no error handling in the example.
Private Declare Function IsCharAlpha Lib "user32" Alias "IsCharAlphaW" (ByVal cChar As Long) As Long

Private Sub Command1_Click()

    MsgBox "IsLetter(" & Text1.Text & ") = " & IsLetter(Left$(Text1.Text, 1))

End Sub

Private Function IsLetter(ByVal vCharacter As String) As Boolean

    IsLetter = IsCharAlpha(AscW(vCharacter))

End Function

A: Something like this should do it, part of an answer for this question
Private Function IsLetter(ByVal character As String) As Boolean
    IsLetter = UCase$(character) <> LCase$(character)
End Function

A:

Option Explicit

Private Declare Function IsCharAlphaW Lib "user32" (ByVal cChar As Integer) As Long
Private Declare Function IsCharAlphaNumericW Lib "user32" (ByVal cChar As Integer) As Long

Public Property Get IsAlpha(character As String) As Boolean
    IsAlpha = IsCharAlphaW(AscW(character))
End Property

Public Property Get IsAlphaNumeric(character As String) As Boolean
    IsAlphaNumeric = IsCharAlphaNumericW(AscW(character))
End Property

Public Property Get IsNumeric(character As String) As Boolean
    IsNumeric = IsAlphaNumeric(character) And Not IsAlpha(character)
End Property

Private Sub Form_Load()
   Debug.Print "a", IsAlpha("a")
   Debug.Print "Z", IsAlpha("Z")
   Debug.Print "0", IsAlpha("0"), IsNumeric("0")
   Debug.Print "ChrW$(&HFF21)", IsAlpha(ChrW$(&HFF21))
   Debug.Print "ChrW$(&HFF10)", IsAlpha(ChrW$(&HFF10)), IsNumeric(ChrW$(&HFF10))
End Sub

A: This tells you what a character is according to the Unicode standard.
Public Const CT_CTYPE1 = &H1         '  ctype 1 information
Public Const CT_CTYPE2 = &H2         '  ctype 2 information
Public Const CT_CTYPE3 = &H4         '  ctype 3 information
Public Const C1_ALPHA = &H100   '  any letter
Public Const C1_BLANK = &H40    '  blank characters
Public Const C1_CNTRL = &H20    '  control characters
Public Const C1_DIGIT = &H4     '  decimal digits
Public Const C1_LOWER = &H2     '  lower case
Public Const C1_PUNCT = &H10    '  punctuation characters
Public Const C1_SPACE = &H8     '  spacing characters
Public Const C1_TRANSPARENT = &H1     '  new raster cap
Public Const C1_UPPER = &H1     '  upper case
Public Const C1_XDIGIT = &H80    '  hex digits
Public Const C1_DEFINED = &H200    '  Other defined char

Public Const C2_ARABICNUMBER = &H6     '  Arabic number
Public Const C2_BLOCKSEPARATOR = &H8     '  block separator
Public Const C2_COMMONSEPARATOR = &H7     '  common numeric separator
Public Const C2_EUROPENUMBER = &H3     '  European number, digit
Public Const C2_EUROPESEPARATOR = &H4     '  European numeric separator
Public Const C2_EUROPETERMINATOR = &H5     '  European numeric terminator
Public Const C2_LEFTTORIGHT = &H1     '  left to right
Public Const C2_NOTAPPLICABLE = &H0     '  no implicit directionality
Public Const C2_OTHERNEUTRAL = &HB     '  other neutrals
Public Const C2_RIGHTTOLEFT = &H2     '  right to left
Public Const C2_WHITESPACE = &HA     '  white space
Public Const C2_SEGMENTSEPARATOR = &H9     '  segment separator
Public Const C3_DIACRITIC = &H2     '  diacritic mark
Public Const C3_NONSPACING = &H1     '  nonspacing character
Public Const C3_NOTAPPLICABLE = &H0     '  ctype 3 is not applicable
Public Const C3_SYMBOL = &H8     '  symbols
Public Const C3_VOWELMARK = &H4     '  vowel mark

Function GetC1Type(B As String) As String
        Dim Ret As Long
        Dim A() As Integer
        ReDim A(1)
        A(0) = 0
        A(1) = 0
        Ret = GetStringTypeEx(&HB, CT_CTYPE1, B, -1, A(0))
        Dim Alpha As Long
        Dim Blank As Long
        Dim Cntrl As Long
        Dim Digit As Long
        Dim LowerC As Long
        Dim UpperC As Long
        Dim Punct As Long
        Dim SpaceChar As Long
        Dim HexDigit As Long
        Dim DefinedChar As Long
        Dim CharTypeString
        Dim X As Long
        Alpha = A(0) And C1_ALPHA
        Blank = A(0) And C1_BLANK
        Cntrl = A(0) And C1_CNTRL
        Digit = A(0) And C1_DIGIT
        LowerC = A(0) And C1_LOWER
        UpperC = A(0) And C1_UPPER
        Punct = A(0) And C1_PUNCT
        SpaceChar = A(0) And C1_SPACE
        HexDigit = A(0) And C1_XDIGIT
        DefinedChar = A(0) And C1_DEFINED
        If Alpha = C1_ALPHA Then CharTypeString = CharTypeString & "Alpha "
        If Blank = C1_BLANK Then CharTypeString = CharTypeString & "Blank "
        If Cntrl = C1_CNTRL Then CharTypeString = CharTypeString & "Control "
        If Digit = C1_DIGIT Then CharTypeString = CharTypeString & "Number "
        If LowerC = C1_LOWER Then CharTypeString = CharTypeString & "Lower "
        If UpperC = C1_UPPER Then CharTypeString = CharTypeString & "Upper "
        If Punct = C1_PUNCT Then CharTypeString = CharTypeString & "Punct "
        If SpaceChar = C1_SPACE Then CharTypeString = CharTypeString & "Space "
        If Len(CharTypeString) = 0 Then
            If DefinedChar = C1_DEFINED Then CharTypeString = CharTypeString & "Other_Defined "
            If Len(CharTypeString) = 0 Then CharTypeString = CharTypeString & "Not_Defined "
        End If
        GetC1Type = CharTypeString
End Function


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text:
U.S.-Taliban talks for Afghan peace gain steam, but Taliban still preparing for war
By Ahmad Mukhtar
February 26, 2019 / 10:02 AM / CBS News
A Feb. 25, 2019 photo released by Qatar's Ministry of Foreign Affairs shows representatives from that country, the United States and the Afghan Taliban holding talks in Doha. U.S. Special Representative for Afghanistan, Ambassador Zalmay Khalilzad, is second from the left, and the Deputy Commander of the Taliban Movement for Political Affairs, Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, is fifth from the right. AP/Handout
Kabul, Afghanistan -- The Afghan Taliban and the United States have resumed high-level talks in Doha, Qatar, aimed at ending America's longest involvement in any war. The U.S. envoy to the Afghanistan peace talks, Zalmay Khalilzad, has met the Taliban's political leader and co-founder of the Islamic insurgency, whose mere presence in this round of talks could indicate headway. But even as the talks enter a new, more serious phase, the Taliban is preparing its forces to wage war.
Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar is a respected figure among the Taliban. He is thought to bring decision making authority to the negotiating table. He arrived in Doha "after a formal invitation by the Foreign Minister of Qatar and in a private airplane sent by" Qatar, "where he was warmly received," according to a statement released by the Taliban.
The objective of this round of talks is to hammer out some of the details of a broad "roadmap" for peace that was discussed in previous meetings. At the heart of the negotiations is when, and under what circumstances the U.S. will pull its troops out of Afghanistan.
Afghanistan: The way forward More
Afghans cautiously optimistic after talks with "more flexible" Taliban
Taliban claims deadly Kabul attack amid strained talks with U.S.
2 U.S. troops killed in Afghanistan day after Pompeo visits
Afghan, U.S.-led forces kill more civilians than Taliban this year, U.N. says
More in Afghanistan: The way forward
The conversation has taken place thus far with the notable absence of any Afghan government representatives. The Taliban refuses to meet Afghan government officials, as it considers the administration a puppet regime of the United States.
Mullah Baradar's meaningful presence
Nazar Muhammad Mutamaeen, a political analyst and former official under the Taliban regime toppled by the U.S. invasion in 2001, told CBS News that "the difference in this round of talks" is Baradar's presence.
The elder militant was once the deputy of Mullah Muhammad Omar, the Taliban's supreme leader who died in 2013. He was freed by Pakistan -- in an effort to boost the peace talks -- after more than a decade in prison following his 2010 arrest by U.S. and Pakistani forces.
Mutamaeen said that with Baradar at the table, "the current Taliban representatives taking part in the negotiations are powerful and authoritative… capable of making decisions without wasting time going back to their leaders."
Khalilzad said on Tuesday, after meeting Baradar, that the talks represented a "significant moment."
The sticking points
The biggest point still under negotiation is the timetable for the withdrawal of the roughly 12,000 U.S. forces in Afghanistan -- and in return, when the Taliban will agree to guarantee that Afghan territory will not be used as a terrorist safe haven to plot attacks on the United States or its allies.
When in the process the Taliban will accept a ceasefire and stop attacking Afghan forces -- and engage in direct talks with the Afghan government -- are also key topics on the agenda.
The talks in Qatar were scheduled to go through Wednesday, but they could be extended if needed.
"Once an agreement is made in the external aspect of talks, which is the pull-out of foreign forces, then we can speak about the internal aspect of peace talks with the Afghan government," said Sohail Shaheen, a spokesman for the Taliban's political office in Doha.
Talking peace, preparing for war
While the U.S.-Taliban discussions may be gaining steam, Shaheen said there was currently no plan to cancel the group's annual spring offensive against Afghan and allied forces.
"Only if an agreement is reached, and an Islamic government is formed to include all Afghans, will we neither need a spring offensive nor be required to fight," Shaheen said.
The Afghan government, sidelined from the ongoing talks to end the 18-year war, is planning to hold a grand council of tribal elders next month that would include between 2,000 and 3,000 representatives from across the country. The objective would be for the government to get feedback to start laying down the parameters of any eventual talks with the Taliban.
U.S. reduces troop numbers in Afghanistan
President Ashraf Ghani, who is seeking a second term in elections to be held in July, said in his nomination speech that he would, "work for peace on behalf of a dignified and a painful nation, but we will not beg for peace from anyone."
The United Nations released a report this week which shows the extent to which regular Afghans have borne the brunt of the suffering through this war. Among other grim statistics, the report found "the highest recorded number of boys and girls killed in the conflict during a single year" in 2018.
In total, the UN's Afghan mission said 3,804 civilians were killed last year alone, and another 7,189 injured left injured, "representing a five percent increase in overall civilian casualties and an 11 percent increase in civilian deaths compared to 2017."
The U.N. blamed 63 percent of those casualties on "Anti-Government Elements (AGEs)," with the Taliban's owning a 37 percent share of the violence.
First published on February 26, 2019 / 10:02 AM
Democratic and Republican lawmakers are condemning the "send her back" chant that erupted during President Trump's rally in North Carolina this week. Critics call the phrase ugly, wrong and racist. The words echo America's long and painful history of telling U.S. citizens of color they do not belong here. "CBS This Morning" spoke to three Americans who have had those hateful words spoken to them.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Highlight articles
New Journal Impact Factor for BG
BG, 15, 3779–3794, 2018
Articles | Volume 15, issue 12
Biogeosciences, 15, 3779–3794, 2018
Special issue: Progress in quantifying ocean biogeochemistry – in honour...
Research article 21 Jun 2018
Research article | 21 Jun 2018
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean?
What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean? James W. B. Rae and Wally Broecker
James W. B. Rae1 and Wally Broecker2 James W. B. Rae and Wally Broecker James W. B. Rae1 and Wally Broecker2
1School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Irvine Building, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9AL, UK
2Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, 61 Route 9W/P.O. Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964, USA
Correspondence: James W. B. Rae (jwbr@st-andrews.ac.uk) and Wally Broecker (broecker@ldeo.columbia.edu)
Received: 05 Jan 2018 – Discussion started: 11 Jan 2018 – Revised: 07 May 2018 – Accepted: 14 May 2018 – Published: 21 Jun 2018
In this contribution we explore constraints on the fractions of deep water present in the Indian and Pacific oceans which originated in the northern Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean. Based on PO4* we show that if ventilated Antarctic shelf waters characterize the Southern contribution, then the proportions could be close to 50–50. If instead a Southern Ocean bottom water value is used, the Southern contribution is increased to 75 %. While this larger estimate may best characterize the volume of water entering the Indo-Pacific from the Southern Ocean, it contains a significant portion of entrained northern water. We also note that ventilation may be highly tracer dependent: for instance Southern Ocean waters may contribute only 35 % of the deep radiocarbon budget, even if their volumetric contribution is 75 %. In our estimation, the most promising approaches involve using CFC-11 to constrain the amount of deep water formed in the Southern Ocean. Finally, we highlight the broad utility of PO4* as a tracer of deep water masses, including descending plumes of Antarctic Bottom Water and large-scale patterns of deep ocean mixing, and as a tracer of the efficiency of the biological pump.
How to cite.
Rae, J. W. B. and Broecker, W.: What fraction of the Pacific and Indian oceans' deep water is formed in the Southern Ocean?, Biogeosciences, 15, 3779–3794, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3779-2018, 2018.
1 Remembering Ernst (W.B.)
In 1987, Klaus Hasselmann was invited to Lamont-Doherty to present three lectures on climate. The first two dealt with what he referred to as PIPS and POPS, but they did not particularly pique my interest. However, the third one hit the mark. In it Klaus laid out the distribution of properties generated by Ernst Maier-Reimer's ocean circulation model (Maier-Reimer and Hasselmann, 1987). I was particularly interested in its ability to reproduce the distribution of natural radiocarbon in the ocean. But the plots he showed were at first glance incomprehensible. It turned out that rather than presenting differences from the 14C to C ratio in atmospheric CO2, they were referenced to that in mean ocean water. After the lecture, I offered to come to Hamburg to help Maier-Reimer switch to a mode of presentation understandable to those conversant with the 14C measurements. And so it was that I spent three weeks with Ernst probing not only the 14C to C distribution produced by his model but also that of O2 and SiO2. For me it was a fantastic learning experience. Not only did Ernst have an amazing mind but he had a knack for teaching by tweaking his model. Thus began a lasting collaboration and friendship.
2 PO4*
This led to an interest in determining the contributions of NADW and AABW to the ventilation of the deep Pacific and Indian oceans. As the ratio of O2 utilization to PO4 release during respiration appears to be nearly constant throughout the ocean's interior (Takahashi et al., 1985; Anderson and Sarmiento, 1994), Broecker and colleagues (Broecker et al., 1985a, 1998) proposed a conservative property PO4*:
PO4*=PO4+O2175-1.95µmolkg-1.
As only differences between PO4* values are of importance, the choice of the constant 1.95 is arbitrary. Hence zero would have been more convenient. Other choices for the O2 consumption to PO4 remineralization ratio are also possible (Hupe and Karstensen, 2000) but have little impact on our global-scale calculations, so we stick with the formulation of Broecker et al. (1998) above.
The attraction of PO4* as a water mass tracer is that although the deep waters formed in the northern Atlantic range widely in temperature, all the contributors have PO4* values close to 0.7 (Fig. 1). Further, the deep waters (i.e., > 2000 m) in the deep Pacific and Indian oceans have PO4* values close to 1.4. Hence, if the PO4* for deep waters formed in the Southern Ocean were known, the relative amounts of deep water produced in the two key source regions could be established.
Figure 1Plots of PO4* versus potential temperature for water formed in the northern Atlantic and in the Southern Ocean (based on measurements made as part of the GEOSECS expeditions). Note that all contributors of NADW have PO4* values within the measurement error of 0.75 µmol kg−1. The Southern Ocean PO4* was originally obtained by extrapolating the observed PO4* – temperature trend to sea water's freezing point (Table 1). As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, this extrapolated value is consistent with values observed close to the Antarctic margin in the Weddell Sea.
Based on PO4*, Broecker et al. (1998) concluded that the deep Pacific and Indian oceans received about half of their water from the northern Atlantic and half from the Southern Ocean. However, Johnson (2008), Gebbie and Huybers (2010), DeVries and Primeau (2011), and Khatiwala et al. (2012), using more complex inversions of multiple tracers and model–data synthesis, concluded that only about one-quarter of this water came from the northern Atlantic.
Figure 2End member PO4* values for deep North Atlantic waters (blue) and deep Southern Ocean waters (red), along with deep Indo-Pacific waters (yellow). Data are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) and taken from the regions shown in the inset map. North Atlantic data are > 1500 m and have CFC-11 > 0.5 pmol kg−1; Southern Ocean data are > 1500 m, have CFC-11 > 0.5 pmol kg−1, and neutral density > 28.3 kg m−3 (see Fig. 4); Indo-Pacific data are > 2000 m. Normalized histograms of PO4* are shown for each region in panel (a), and the corresponding O2 and PO4 concentrations in (b), contoured with PO4*.
Here we attempt to resolve this discrepancy by re-examining the PO4*-based approach. We show that much of the mismatch may be resolved by consideration of what "counts" as southern-sourced water. Crucial to this discussion is the extent to which deep waters acquire their tracer signatures by ventilation in the surface ocean or by entrainment during descent. Our discussion is focussed on the volumetric contribution of northern and southern water masses to the deep Indo-Pacific, rather than water fluxes. Flux information – for tracers or for parcels of water – must be informed by estimates of residence time or formation rates, and we briefly discuss the potential of radiocarbon and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) to provide such information.
Figure 3PO4* sections extending out from the Antarctic continent for the Weddell and Ross Seas. As can be seen, water with a value close to 1.95 is descending in a narrow margin-hugging plume.
3 PO4* calculations revisited
Based on the GLODAPv2 dataset (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) we have re-examined deep ocean PO4* distributions. The mean PO4* value for deep (> 2000 m) Indo-Pacific waters (Fig. 2) is 1.42 ± 0.04 (1 SD). We select waters below 2000 m as all determinations (Johnson, 2008; Gebbie and Huybers, 2010; Khatiwala et al., 2012) suggest that these depths are predominantly a two-component mixture of deep North Atlantic and Southern Ocean waters. To help identify recently ventilated dense waters we also examined CFC-11 and neutral density. The mean PO4* value for deep (> 1500 m) recently ventilated (CFC-11 > 0.5 pmol kg−1) waters in the North Atlantic (Fig. 2) is 0.74 ± 0.05. These Indo-Pacific and Atlantic end members are within error of the values of Broecker et al. (1998) (1.39 and 0.73 respectively) and are relatively insensitive to choice of geographical boundaries, depth, CFC, and density limits.
Figure 4PO4* data in the Weddell and Ross Seas from the GLODAPv2 database. Sections in (b) show high PO4* values on the shelves that descend the continental margin in a narrow plume (Warren, 1981). This is also picked out by selected depth profiles along these sections in (a), with the black dots showing a profile further out from the shelf edge. Entrainment of low-PO4* waters in the subsurface reduces southern deep water PO4*, from 1.95 on the shelf to ∼ 1.65 at depth. This can also be seen in the histograms in (c) (encompassing larger areas than those shown in the maps and sections), which show two distinct PO4* populations in the top 1000 m, which mix to give the more homogenous values at depth. Note that Weddell Sea waters have higher PO4* than Ross Sea waters, likely due to less influence of low-PO4* NADW and higher local deep water formation rates, elevating PO4* throughout this more enclosed basin. Data are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) with profiles, maps, and sections plotted in ODV (Schlitzer, 2015), with sections contoured using isopycnic gridding.
Determining the PO4* end member of Southern Ocean deep waters is less straightforward. Broecker et al. (1998) use a PO4* value of 1.95. This value was obtained both by extrapolating the PO4*–Θ relationship to the freezing point of sea water (Fig. 1) and from direct observations of sinking surface waters in the Weddell and Ross Seas (Fig. 3). The 1.95 PO4* value is achieved if water upwelling in the Southern Ocean is cooled to the freezing point, has about 65 % of its O2 deficiency replenished, and loses little of its PO4 to sinking organics (see Table 1).
Figure 5Circum-Antarctic sections of PO4* and CFC-11 through the southern portion of the Southern Ocean. The locations of the profiles in the left-hand panel are illustrated with symbols and shown in the inset map: the red circles are from the Weddell Sea, the purple diamonds from the Antarctic margin in the Indian sector, and the black stars from the northern margin of the Ross Sea. In the CFC section the black dashed line indicates CFC-11 concentrations > 0.5 pmol kg−1 and the white dotted line indicates neutral densities > 28.3 kg m−3; these criteria, along with depth > 1500 m, are used to define the alternative deep Southern Ocean PO4* end member. Data are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) with profiles, maps, and sections plotted in ODV (Schlitzer, 2015), with sections contoured using isopycnic gridding.
Table 1Expected Southern Ocean surface PO4*.
Download Print Version | Download XLSX
However, while PO4* values of 1.95 characterize well-ventilated Antarctic shelf waters, these entrain up to 3 times their volume in circumpolar deep water as they cascade down the continental slope (Carmack and Foster, 1975; Orsi et al., 1999); indeed PO4* beautifully highlights this process (Fig. 4). As a result, by the time Antarctic bottom water enters the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) it has much lower PO4*: Weddell Sea bottom waters have PO4* of ∼ 1.8, and deep Ross Sea waters ∼ 1.6 (Figs. 3 and 4). This basinal difference may be attributed to less input of NADW-influenced circumpolar deep water and higher local ventilation rates in the Weddell Sea, elevating PO4* in this more enclosed basin. The average circumpolar PO4* for recently ventilated (CFC-11 > 0.5 pmol kg−1) waters that have made it off the Antarctic shelf (> 1500 m) and have neutral density higher than any North Atlantic waters (> 28.3 kg m−3) is 1.64 ± 0.07 (1 SD; Figs. 4 and 5).
Repeating the PO4* mass balance calculation of Broecker et al. (1998) with the Southern Ocean bottom water value of 1.64 suggests that the deep Indo-Pacific is filled by 75 % southern-sourced water and 25 % NADW, with an uncertainty of ±9 % (1 SD). This is within error of the values obtained by Johnson (2008), Gebbie and Huybers (2010), and Khatiwala et al. (2012). However if we use the well-ventilated shelf water value of 1.95, the north–south balance is closer to 50–50 (Broecker et al., 1998). This illustrates that while the volume of what are typically considered southern deep waters in the Indo-Pacific may substantially outweigh that of NADW, much of this water is entrained in the subsurface and does not reflect full Southern Ocean ventilation. Note that while sinking waters in the North Atlantic also entrain surrounding waters on descent, these are of recent northern origin. Entrainment in the North Atlantic thus does not substantially influence the PO4* signature of NADW nor the inference that this water is fully ventilated in the North Atlantic.
Differences in the extent to which the Southern Ocean end member is locally ventilated may thus explain much of the difference between the north–south balance obtained by Broecker et al. (1998) versus Johnson (2008), Gebbie and Huybers (2010), and Khatiwala et al. (2012). Johnson (2008) uses bottom water end member values for AABW, so it is unsurprising that our estimates using a Southern Ocean bottom water value are similar to his. Gebbie and Huybers (2010) and Khatiwala et al. (2012) use surface mixed layer conditions south of the ACC (Orsi et al., 1995), taken from gridded climatologies (WOA: Conkright et al., 1994; WOCE: Gouretski and Koltermann, 2004). As discussed by Gebbie and Huybers (2010), gridded data struggle to capture shelf features and dense overflow waters, and may thus miss some of the end member values characteristic of the ventilated Southern Ocean interior (Warren, 1981). More crucially, high adiabatic upwelling rates (Toggweiler and Samuels, 1995; Marshall and Speer, 2012) and deep mixed layers (Gordon and Huber 1990; Dong et al., 2008) may also lead to inclusion of upwelled northern waters in these Southern end members, despite little property modification in the Southern Ocean surface. These issues may explain why the southern proportions of Gebbie and Huybers (2010) and Khatiwala et al. (2012) are larger than those using the ventilated PO4* end member (as in Broecker et al., 1998) and lie close to our estimates using bottom water PO4* values.
Note that we do not wish to imply that Antarctic shelf water is necessarily the most appropriate or only component to characterize ventilated Southern Ocean waters. As pointed out by Johnson (2008), shelf waters may have too unique a set of tracer properties to usefully capture the range of Southern Ocean water mass characteristics mixed into the deep Indo-Pacific. Furthermore while a 50–50 mixture between NADW and Antarctic shelf waters can produce the PO4* signature of deep Indo-Pacific waters, it gives too high a salinity, so more southern-sourced water is required. Processes besides shelf water formation may also help ventilate deep southern-sourced waters, such as deep winter mixing in the open Southern Ocean (Gordon and Huber, 1990; Dong et al., 2008) and exchange along steeply dipping isopycnals in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (Abernathy and Ferreira, 2015).
Table 2Example 14C budget for ∼ 25 % NADW contribution.
The key issue that we aim to bring awareness to is discussion of what "counts" as ventilated Southern water. Implicit in the Gebbie and Huybers (2010) and Khatiwala et al. (2012) studies is that any waters reaching the Southern Ocean mixed layer may be considered Southern Ocean waters. However, these waters may experience little equilibration with Antarctic surface conditions, including cooling, gas exchange, and nutrient use, depending on their transit time through the Southern Ocean surface and the relaxation time of the tracer of interest. Therefore while they may count in the inventory of water volume entering the deep Indo-Pacific from the Southern Ocean (Talley, 2013; Marshall and Speer, 2012; Lumpkin and Speer, 2007), they may only partially reflect the exchanges of heat and CO2 key to the Southern Ocean's role in climate (Stocker and Johnsen, 2003; Marinov et al., 2006; Barker et al., 2009; Sigman et al., 2010; Ferrari et al., 2014).
4 Ventilation and the radiocarbon budget
The difference between Southern Ocean water mass volume and tracer ventilation is particularly pronounced in the deep radiocarbon budget. Of the 220 mol yr−1 of 14C undergoing radiodecay in the deep sea, about 20 mol yr−1 is resupplied by particle rain. As NADW supplies about 130 mol 14C yr−1, this leaves about 70 mol 14C yr−1 to be supplied from the Southern Ocean (see Table 2). Ventilation of radiocarbon is thus dominated by the North Atlantic, even if the Southern Ocean contributes greater volume. This is due to 14C's long equilibration time and the limited exchange time between Southern Ocean surface waters and the atmosphere. Waters upwelled into the Southern Ocean surface thus do not reach equilibrium for 14C and radiocarbon gradients between surface and deep waters are very small (Broecker et al., 1985b). This, along with the presence of 14C produced by H-bomb testing, also introduces large uncertainty into any attempt to use radiocarbon to quantify the contribution of Southern Ocean waters to the deep Indo-Pacific. The importance of northern versus southern ventilation may thus depend on the tracer and process of interest.
5 Constraints based on CFCs
Further insights into Southern Ocean ventilation may be obtained using CFC data, which also offer the potential to constrain flux information. As with 14C, the degree of surface water saturation (Schlosser et al., 1991) must be carefully considered if the input flux of CFC tracer is to be converted to a ventilation flux for southern ocean water volume (England, 1995). However CFCs have the advantages over 14C of a much larger surface to deep gradient and faster and less complicated equilibration. CFC-based estimates of the flux of ventilated Southern Ocean water give values of ∼ 15 Sv (Orsi et al., 2002; Schlitzer, 2007). This is similar to values for net production of NADW (Broecker et al., 1998; Ganachaud and Wunsch, 2000; Smethie and Fine, 2001), so it appears to support roughly equal ventilation of the deep ocean by the northern Atlantic and the Southern Ocean (Broecker et al., 1998; Peacock et al., 2000; Orsi et al., 2001). However this does not rule out a much higher water flux from the south (Sloyan and Rintoul, 2001; Lumpkin and Speer, 2007; Talley, 2013) – just not full equilibrium with Southern Ocean surface conditions. Furthermore some of the ∼ 16 Sv of NADW may be lost to mixing or entrainment into Antarctic Intermediate or Bottom Waters (Primeau and Holzer, 2006), so the ventilation flux into the deep Indo-Pacific is likely still weighted towards the South. We also note that if diffusion down isopycnals in the open Southern Ocean is an important contributor to regional ventilation (Abernathy and Ferreira, 2015), this may not be as easily picked up as the CFC signal in shelf waters (Fig. 5). The reason is that low CFC-11 concentrations in a large volume may match high CFC-11 concentrations in a small volume. Finally, even if the fluxes of northern and southern-sourced waters into the deep Indo-Pacific are similar, it is possible for southern-sourced waters to form a larger volumetric contribution if they have a longer residence time (Johnson, 2008), which is quite plausible given their injection onto deeper density surfaces.
Figure 6PO4* sections for the western Atlantic and for a series of quadrants of the Southern Ocean. Low-PO4* waters entering the Southern Ocean from the Atlantic and the high-PO4* waters generated in the Southern Ocean are blended in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, forming circumpolar deep water. However a PO4* high at the seafloor and low at ∼ 2000 m continue to trace the influence of AABW and NADW respectively. Data are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) with profiles, maps, and sections plotted in ODV (Schlitzer, 2015), with sections contoured using isopycnic gridding.
Figure 7PO4* on a section through the Atlantic, Southern, and Pacific oceans and on the 27.6, 28.0, and 28.11 isopycnal horizons. The depths of these horizons are shown in the section. Mixing of low PO4* from the north and high PO4* from the south takes place along shared isopycnals, and also diapycnally in the Southern Ocean mixed layer and over rough bottom topography. Data are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) with profiles, maps, and sections plotted in ODV (Schlitzer, 2015).
Figure 8A global hydrographic section for potential temperature, salinity, PO4*, and silicate. Cross plots show all the data in this section with neutral density greater than 27.2 kg m−3; the colours of the dots refer to the scale shown to the right of the cross plots. Data are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) with profiles, maps, and sections plotted in ODV (Schlitzer, 2015), with sections contoured using isopycnic gridding.
6 PO4* and other tracers of the global overturning circulation
The large dynamic range of PO4* in the deep ocean makes it an effective tracer of the large scale circulation and mixing processes that make up the global overturning circulation. Its utility is highlighted by the PO4* sections, surfaces, and tracer–tracer plots in Figs. 6–8, supplementary Figs. A1–A6 in Appendix A, and the SOCCOM data product (Verdy and Mazloff, 2017). As can be seen, low-PO4* water from the North Atlantic mixes with high-PO4* water formed in the Southern Ocean. This mixing occurs along shared isopycnals in the ACC (Fig. 7; Abernathy and Ferreira, 2015), over rough seafloor topography (Naveira-Garabato et al., 2004; Roemmich et al., 2009), and in the deep surface mixed layer of the Southern Ocean (Gordon and Huber 1990; Dong et al., 2008). These mixing patterns are also well illustrated on cross plots of PO4* with salinity and potential temperature (Figs. 8 and A1–A3). NADW is identifiable as a salinity and PO4* maximum sandwiched between fresher and higher-PO4* southern waters above and below. Mixing between these northern and southern waters is well illustrated by the linear trends in the PO4*–salinity plot (Fig. 8). By the time circumpolar deep waters reach the Drake Passage, they have been somewhat homogenized, though a PO4* minimum at mid-depths remains, tracing the persistent influence of North Atlantic waters (Fig. 6).
Other features of interest that are well highlighted by PO4* include the input of very low-PO4* deep water from the Mediterranean Sea into mid-depths of the North Atlantic (Figs. 7 and A4); the penetration of relatively high-PO4* water with a strong southern influence into the deep NE Atlantic (Figs. 7, A1, A6); and the formation of mid-depth circumpolar deep waters represented by a PO4* maxima, slightly underlying the salinity minimum of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW). Intermediate waters themselves are less readily identified by PO4*, forming in frontal regions with large nutrient gradients (Talley, 1993, 1996; Sarmiento et al., 2004) and are better traced by salinity (Figs. 8, A1–A3). Pacific deep waters returning through the Drake Passage are also hard to identify using PO4*, falling in the middle of a PO4* mixing gradient between northern and southern waters (Fig. 7), and are better identified by their low oxygen and high silicate (Figs. A3, A5, A6).
Alongside its use as a water mass tracer, PO4* may also provide complementary information on the carbon cycle. High-PO4* waters, such as those found in the Southern Ocean, are subducted with high preformed phosphate and high oxygen; this indicates inefficient operation of the biological carbon pump and extensive ocean–atmosphere gas exchange, allowing net loss of CO2 from the ocean to the atmosphere. PO4* is close in formulation to preformed phosphate (Ito and Follows, 2005) but differs in not accounting for changes in oxygen uptake as a function of temperature and salinity, as well as making no assumption of initial oxygen saturation. Nonetheless, the ease with which PO4* can be calculated makes it a useful qualitative measure of the carbon cycle in the surface ocean, complementing its more quantitative use as a conservative water mass tracer at depth.
7 Conclusions
The use of PO4* to constrain the northern and southern contributions to the waters in the deep Indian and Pacific oceans is highly dependent on the Southern Ocean end member value. Using end members characterizing ventilated Antarctic shelf waters versus Southern Ocean deep waters brackets the southern contribution to between 50 and 75 % respectively. There is value to both of these estimates: 75–25 may best characterize the ratio of deep Southern Ocean to North Atlantic water volume, while 50–50 may better represent the ratio of well-ventilated waters. In other words a large volume of the ocean's water experiences some degree of exposure to the Southern Ocean surface, but the volume of that taking on a more completely ventilated Southern Ocean signal is much smaller.
The data used in this paper are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016), as formatted for use in Ocean Data View and publicly available at https://odv.awi.de/data/ocean/ (last access: 13 June 2018) and were largely analysed using the publicly available Ocean Data View software (Schlitzer, 2015).
Figure A1Atlantic hydrographic section for potential temperature, salinity, PO4*, and silicate. Cross plots show all the data in this section with neutral density greater than 27.2 kg m−3; the colours of the dots refer to the scale shown to the right of the cross plots. Data are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) with profiles, maps, and sections plotted in ODV (Schlitzer, 2015), with sections contoured using isopycnic gridding.
Figure A2Indian Ocean hydrographic section for potential temperature, salinity, PO4*, and silicate. Cross plots show all the data in this section with neutral density greater than 27.2 kg m−3; the colours of the dots refer to the scale shown to the right of the cross plots. Data are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) with profiles, maps, and sections plotted in ODV (Schlitzer, 2015), with sections contoured using isopycnic gridding.
Figure A3Pacific hydrographic section for potential temperature, salinity, PO4*, and silicate. Cross plots show all the data in this section with neutral density greater than 27.2 kg m−3; the colours of the dots refer to the scale shown to the right of the cross plots. Data are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) with profiles, maps, and sections plotted in ODV (Schlitzer, 2015), with sections contoured using isopycnic gridding.
Figure A4Potential temperature, salinity, PO4*, and silicate on the 27.6 isopycnal horizon. The depth of this horizon is shown in Fig. 8 and averages ∼ 1000 m in the basins and is in the mixed layer in the Southern Ocean. Data are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) with profiles, maps, and sections plotted in ODV (Schlitzer, 2015).
Figure A5Potential temperature, salinity, PO4*, and silicate on the 28.0 isopycnal horizon. The depth of this horizon is shown in Fig. 8 and averages ∼ 2500 m in the basins and ∼ 250 m in the mixed layer in the Southern Ocean. Data are from GLODAPv2 (Key et al., 2015; Olsen et al., 2016) with profiles, maps, and sections plotted in ODV (Schlitzer, 2015).
Special issue statement
This article is part of the special issue "Progress in quantifying ocean biogeochemistry – in honour of Ernst Maier-Reimer". It is not associated with a conference.
We thank Jake Gebbie and Jean Lynch-Steiglitz for their thoughtful reviews, and Jake Gebbie, Greg Johnson, and Jess Adkins for helpful discussions, all of which substantially improved this paper. We also thank Matthew Mazloff for making PO4* available as part of the B-SOSE product (http://sose.ucsd.edu/BSOSE_iter105_solution.html, last access: 13 June 2018). Wally Broecker acknowledges funding from the Comer Science and Education Foundation. James W. B. Rae acknowledges funding from NERC standard grants NE/N003861/1 and NE/N011716/1, and support from the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of St Andrews during Wally Broecker's visit, which sparked the discussions that led to this paper.
Edited by: Christoph Heinze
Reviewed by: Geoffrey Gebbie and Jean Lynch-Stieglitz
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Remembering Ernst (W.B.)
PO4*
PO4* calculations revisited
Ventilation and the radiocarbon budget
Constraints based on CFCs
PO4* and other tracers of the global overturning circulation
Progress in quantifying ocean biogeochemistry – in honour...
The deep ocean is the major store of heat and carbon in Earth's surface environment and thus has a major impact on climate. Waters that fill the deep ocean come from the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean, but there is debate on their relative importance. Here we reconcile previous estimates using deep sea phosphate and oxygen data. We show that although a large volume of deep water comes from the south, this does not spend enough time in the southern surface to fully exchange heat and CO2.
The deep ocean is the major store of heat and carbon in Earth's surface environment and thus has...


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El concili de Trullo o concili in Trullo, pel lloc on es va celebrar, o Concili Quintisext (; ) fou un concili que es va celebrar a Constantinoble el 692. Les disposicions aprovades per aquest concili es consideren, pels ortodoxos, no com un nou concili ecumènic, sinó com un complement a les decisions dels Concilis Ecumènics de Constantinoble de 553 i 680-681.

Història
El concili va ser convocat per l'emperador Justinià II per processar les decisions de desenvolupament cànons disciplinaris dels concilis ecumènics cinquè i sisè. D'ací pren el nom de Concili Quintisext, és a dir 'cinquè i sisè'. Hi van assistir 215 bisbes, majoritàriament orientals; el bisbe Basili de Gortyna, a Creta, que depenia del patriarcat de Roma, signà els canons conclusius en representació del Papa, encara que no consta que en tingués el mandat.

També se'l coneix com in Trullo, de Trullo o Trullà perquè va tenir lloc a la sala de la cúpula, τρούλος en grec koiné, del palau imperial, la sala on es tractaven els assumptes d'estat.

En el I cànon, el concili va reiterar les condemnes contra les heretgies establertes pels concilis anteriors, especialment les del sisè concili ecumènic contra el monotelisme.

Els altres 101 cànons són exclusivament disciplinaris i alguns ja s'havien anunciat prèviament. Amb el segon cànon, el concili va rebre els 85 cànons apostòlics, poc probable que se li atribuïssin al papa Climent I, dels quals només 50 van ser aprovats pels papes successius.

Altres cànons posteriors ja havien estat rebutjats repetidament pel Papa: per exemple, el tercer cànon del Concili de Constantinoble i el XXVIII cànon del Concili de Calcedònia va afirmar la superioritat del bisbe de Constantinoble sobre tots els altres bisbes, a més del Papa, i per tant, el seu dret a nomenar bisbes d'Alexandria , Antioquia i Jerusalem (els altres tres patriarques). El concili de Trullo volia declarar la superioritat del patriarca de Constantinoble sobre el pontífex romà. D'altra banda, el concili eliminà les normes a favor del celibat dels sacerdots, que sempre havien estat contràries a la pràctica vigent a l'Est des dels temps apostòlics; en particular la prohibició dels clergues casats de tenir fills, sota pena de suspensió. També va condemnar algunes petites diferències litúrgiques recentment afirmades a l'església llatina com contràries als usos apostòlics.

També van ser els temes sobre la veneració d'imatges: en particular, el cànon 73 recorda la importància de la Santa Creu i la seva veneració, el cànon 82 prescriu per representar Crist en forma humana i no simbòlica, com l'Anyell.

Amb un relleu particular de manera que la primera definició completa dins d'un concili és la definició de "pecat" com "malaltia de l'esperit" dins del cànon 102. La mateixa tarifa també estableix les condicions per a la pràctica del "Akrivie" i "oikonomìa" com a fonament de la pràctica curativa del pecador dins de l'espiritualitat oriental.

Referències

Bibliografia

Trullo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Michigan State announces weekly captains versus Minnesota
Payton Thorne, Jacoby Windmon and Hank Pepper receive the honors in Week Four.
By Justin Walsh Sep 23, 2022, 12:00pm CDT
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Photo by Jesse Beals/Icon Sportswire via Getty Images
The Michigan State football team announced its weekly captains for the clash with Minnesota on Saturday.
Some familiar faces received the honors ahead of the home game with Minnesota this weekend, with quarterback Payton Thorne (offense) and defensive end Jacoby Windmon (defense) each representing the Spartans for the third time this season. They are joined by long snapper Hank Pepper (special teams), with Pepper making his first appearance as a team captain this season.
▪@payton15thorne
▪@JW1NDMON
▪@hank81pepper pic.twitter.com/TMcjIzOXcy
— Michigan State Football (@MSU_Football) September 23, 2022
Thorne will hope to continue the play he found in the Spartans' 39-28 defeat at the hands of Washington last Saturday, in which he was one of the few bright spots in an overall disappointing team performance. Thorne finished the game 30-for-42 for 323 passing yards and three touchdowns to go along with one interception. He also gained 12 yards on rushing on the day.
Windmon was a bright spot for the defense through the first two games, logging five-and-a-half sacks and four forced fumbles. Washington did an admirable job scheming against him, though, holding him to just three total tackles on the day. Windmon will be looking to turn his performance around to try to give the team a boost following the rough defensive showing in Seattle.
Pepper receives the honor of representing the special teams this week, his first appearance as a captain this season. He started all 13 games last season at long snapper, handling the duties on 131 special teams snaps, and has started all three games so far in 2022. Pepper has also logged three total tackles in the 2022 season thus far, including a solo tackle in each of the last two games.


Treatment of Osteoporosis with Antiresoptive agent, Alendronate - warrants careful follow-up. Sumit Kumar Jain, Shuvendu Prosad Roy, Onkar Nath Nagi. J Orthop Case Reports. 2011 Oct-Dec; 1(1): 19–21.
Administrative warrants for health and safety inspections. W J Curran. Am J Public Health. 1978 October; 68(10): 1029–1030.


changes you want to make to your current public housing situation (such as moving to another place or adding another room or another person to your housing).
Our public housing team can provide community education to groups or organizations. click here.


Yorke, C. (1988). Some Thoughts on Pre-Oedipal Development: A 'Contemporary Freudian' View. Brit. J. Psychother., 4(4):436-446.
Two things have to be said at the start of this brief account of early child development. The first is that only a few selected issues, of a vast subject to which countless studies have been devoted over very many years, can be touched on. The second is the need to bear in mind that much controversy exists within the broad framework of psychoanalytic thinking, not only between but within different groups of workers. Although what is set out below could perhaps be broadly regarded as a contemporary Freudian outlook on certain issues of pre-oedipal development, the author cannot claim to speak for anyone except himself.
We do not know what a baby experiences in the first weeks of life. We can make careful observations and draw inferences from them, but there is no way in which we can directly confirm whether our inferences are correct. We cannot reconstruct this period with any reliability from the psychoanalysis of adults nor, for that matter, from the analysis of a child who has acquired sufficient speech to make an analysis viable. Older children can rarely recall anything before the second year, as Freud (1899) long ago observed; and even memories of this kind may be falsified in retrospect. Furthermore, earlier experiences change in significance as development proceeds and may be altered in recollection by later conflicts. The recollections of adults in analysis and the reconstructions made by the analyst on the basis of sessional material can never be more than approximations.


OPAL Rental Housing from OPAL Community Land Trust on Vimeo.
Who lives in OPAL homes? Meet four OPAL homebuyers and hear why owning their own home matters to them.
Living in OPAL (short rendition) from Orcas Video on Vimeo.
Living in OPAL (full length) from Orcas Video on Vimeo.


Cosmetic dentistry procedures like professional teeth whitening, bonding and porcelain veneers have grown by as much as 200% in the past decade, according to survey data from the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD). Whether you are interested in a whiter smile or fixing a few chips or gaps between your teeth, there are a number of procedures available to help you get a brighter and healthier smile at any age. The dentists at Ocotillo Trails Family Dentistry in Sun Tan Valley, AZ and serving Queen Creek, Dr. Matthew Roper, Dr. Nathan McLaws and Dr. Matthew Scheerhorn, offer a number of solutions for the most common cosmetic dental problems.
Q: What is a Cosmetic Dentist?
A: Cosmetic dentists can perform preventive and restorative dental care like dental exams, professional teeth cleanings, filling cavities, root canal therapy, and tooth extractions. Cosmetic dentists also offer aesthetic dental treatments like teeth whitening, porcelain veneers, cosmetic bonding and crowns.
Q: When Should I Get a Cosmetic Dental Procedure?
A: Cosmetic dentistry procedures address a range of dental problems, from stained and discolored to cracked, severely decayed, and even missing teeth. Some procedures are purely cosmetic, while others help to strengthen your teeth and improve your oral health while also making your smile look better. Discuss your options with your dentist to find the best option for you.
Q: How Long Does a Cosmetic Dentistry Restoration Last?
A: It depends on the type of procedure you choose. Porcelain veneers can last up to a decade and often longer, dental implants are designed to be a permanent replacement after tooth loss. The best way to preserve your oral health and any cosmetic improvements is to practice good oral hygiene habits, eat a healthy diet, avoid smoking, and see your dentist for preventive care at least once a year.
Q: What are the Most Common Cosmetic Dental Procedures?
You don't have to wait for something to go wrong to make an appointment to see your dentist. The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends going to the dentist every six months to a year for a check up and professional dental cleaning to help prevent the onset of tooth decay and gum disease. For more information, contact Ocotillo Trails Family Dentistry in Sun Tan Valley, AZ by calling 480-457-1977 to schedule an appointment with a dentist today.


Silicon Pond 5 - March 5th 2019, 19.30-21.30.
Silicon Pond returns: 8 entrepreneurs with Barnes Pond connections, pitching their start-ups with 5 minute slots each.
We've secured some local tech royalty, with the COOs of both TechNation and TechStars offering their top tips for start-up success on the night.
Music, tech and consumer businesses have already confirmed their attendance.


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OmniGraffle 5 is Faster, Gains Better Visio Compatibility
By John Martellaro
Mar 4th, 2008 3:00 PM EST
The Omni Group announced the release of OmniGraffle 5 on Wednesday. The new version has faster layout, greater Visio compatibility and an improved interface.
OmniGraffle is a diagramming and concept visualization application.
The Omni group said that one of the most significant additions for those working in a mixed Mac OS X and Windows environment is OmniGraffle Professional 5is updated Visio compatibility. OmniGraffle Professional 5 can now import Microsoft Visio VSD files directly with continued support for import and export of Visio XML files as well as import of Visio stencils and templates.
"Our OmniGraffle customers have given us some wonderful feedback over the past few years," said Ken Case, CEO of the Omni Group, "and weire very happy to be able to deliver some of their most requested features, such as Bezier lines and support for reading Visio binary documents. Weive also taken the opportunity to optimize the workflow and update the look and feel."
OmniGraffle 5 requires Mac OS X 10.5, Leopard, is a Universal Application and is priced at US$99.95.
John Martellaro


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These are the biggest PC manufacturers in Q2 2021
By Roland Udvarlaki July 13, 2021, 7:30 am
The PC market has been on a sharp decline for many years, but it was able to rise again recently. A new research report was posted today that analyzed the global PC sales for Q2 2021. The report includes a number of different devices and mentions the biggest PC manufacturers.
The report was posted by Canalysis, and they report that shipments for desktops and networks, including workstations, rose 13% year on year to hit 82.3 million units. The notebook and mobile workstation shipment grew 15%, reaching 66.7 million units, while desktop and workstation shipments were up 6% at 15.6 million units.
"Demand remains high, particularly due to a strong commercial segment, as the pandemic-driven urgency for consumers to get their hands on PCs is starting to wane. Component supply issues remain a problem for the industry, but the extent of order shortfalls and backlogs is reducing."
Worldwide desktop, notebook and workstation shipments – Canalysis
Lenovo shipped more than 20 million units in this quarter, compared to 17.4 million last year, this resulted in the company growing YoY 14.7%. HP managed to secure the second position with more than 18.5 million shipments and grew 2.8% YoY. Dell at the third place shipped 13.9 million units and 17% market share, the company managed 16.5% YoY. Apple at fourth place had a market share of 7.8% and shipped more than 6.4 million units. Acer at fifth shipped 6 million units and had a market share of 7.3%.
Source: Canalysis
The commercial demand from recovering businesses was the main reason for the market to grow. The consumer sales are projected to slow down in the future, and the commercial sales are expected to go up. The component supply issue remains a main concern for the entire industry, but the extent of order shortfalls and backlogs is slowly reducing.
The new Windows 11 update may help PC manufacturers advertise and sell more computers, since the recent TPM requirement may force some users to upgrade their hardware, or altogether just upgrade to a brand new computer, although hardware requirements can and will likely change before release.
Canalys
Epic Games appeals court ruling in Apple lawsuit
Epic Games is trying its best to overturn the ruling with a new appeal, which aims to convince the judge that Apple is a monopolist and that the App Store fees are harming both developers and consumers.
Google forms new Blockchain group working on 'next-gen distributed computing'
Google has formed a new division under its Labs initiative which is reportedly said to be working on next-gen distributed computing and data storage technologies.
By Sanuj Bhatia January 20, 2022, 1:15 pm
OPPO declares war on batteries, plans a battery-free future
OPPO published a whitepaper detailing its plans to create a new system that wouldn't rely on batteries, instead, it would draw power and harvest energy from radio waves emitted by cell towers, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and other sources
Google and Apple warn about consequences of upcoming legislation
Ahead of the Senate Judiciary Committee's open debate, Apple and Google have outlined the harmful consequences of these acts in case they're passed. Here's everything you need to know!


101.3 KGOT is an internet-based commercial Top 40 (CHR) radio station in Anchorage, Alaska. It plays diverse categories of hit songs featuring Classic, Rock, R and B, Hip Hop, Jazz etc. The station is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., and broadcasts (along with its sister stations) from studios in the Dimond Center.
KGOT started using the moniker "Alaska's #1 Hit Music Station" in 1996 under the Program Director Paul Walker.
The station, first under its original call letters of KYAK and later as KGOT, was principally recognized in the Anchorage radio market for its decades-long association with disc jockey Larry Wayne (who also had a stint during this time at KENI when it was a Top 40 station). Wayne became a born-again Christian during his time at the station and later hosted a gospel music show on Sundays. After leaving Anchorage, he became better known due to his organization with Air 1 and K-Love.
The station was #1 in the market for many years in the late 90's and early 2000's. Some central talent included Scott & Stu for many years into the 21st century. The station still identifies as "Alaska's #1 hit music station today.
101.3 KGOT (actually iHeartMedia) offers advertisers nationwide opportunities through its supreme variety of media assets including on-air, online, and live events. It creates comprehensive, innovative campaigns for some of the country's largest companies.
Address: Park in the Dimond Center Mall, (Third floor); Anchorage, Alaska.
Liveonlineradio.net has 101.3 KGOT in its listings. Just click and enjoy.


Now Trimble - I am happy to receive updates but how about a bit of warning, explanation of a patch along with the notice?
I cant find any convenient release notes, no announcements on the forum , I haven't got a clue what I might be installing or what impact it will have on my work?
A bit more professionalism please !
And the pinned forum announcement.
Not when I looked - Maybe because I am in the far east?


NEW BALANCE ML574WNE winter sneakers.
New Balance 574 – classic sneaker created in 1988. Symbol of ingenuity and originality.
This 574 sneaker brings you the same premium materials and performance you expect from New Balance refreshed with a leather design and today's comfort technology.


Incorporation of formate and the methyl group of methionine into methoxyl groups of lignin.
Metabolism of methionine and pectin esterification in a plant tissue.
(1967) Threlfall D.R. et al.
Intracellular localization of mevalonate-activating enzymes in plant cells.
(1966) Sotobayashi H. et al.
5-Methyltetrahydrofolic acid and other folate derivatives in germinating pea seedlings.
Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction (1979) Ohkawa Hiroshi et al.
Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid (1985) Smith P.K et al.
A rapid, sensitive, and specific method for the determination of protein in dilute solution (1973) Schaffner W et al.
Topology of superoxide production from different sites in the mitochondrial electron transport chain. (2002) Julie St-Pierre et al.
Estimation of macromolecule concentrations and excluded volume effects for the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli (1991) Zimmerman Steven B et al.
Ribonucleoprotein particles from Escherichia coli (1959) Tissières A et al.
Production of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide by NADH-ubiquinone reductase and ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase from beef-heart mitochondria (1977) Cadenas Enrique et al.
A new spectrophotometric assay for protein in cell extracts (1977) Kalb Vernon F et al.
Metabolism and role of glutamate in mammalian brain (1990) Erecińska Maria et al.
Long-term effects of repeated methylamphetamine administration on dopamine and serotonin neurons in the rat brain: A regional study (1980) Ricaurte George A et al.
Intracellular production of superoxide radical and of hydrogen peroxide by redox active compounds (1979) Hassan H.Moustafa et al.
Protein measurement using bicinchoninic acid: elimination of interfering substances (1989) Brown Rhoderick E et al.
An absolute method for protein determination based on difference in absorbance at 235 and 280 nm (1980) Whitaker John R et al.
Evidence for the participation of cytochrome b 5 in hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidation reactions (1971) Hildebrandt Alfred et al.
A simplified method of quantitating protein using the biuret and phenol reagents (1978) Ohnishi S.Tsuyoshi et al.
Interrelations of vitamin B12 and folic acid metabolism: folic acid clearance studies. (1962) V HERBERT et al.
Selective targeting of an antioxidant to mitochondria. (1999) R A Smith et al.


Description: This beautiful sample shot actually had a little story behind it. Literally the same day it was put up it had my signature cut out of it and claimed as somone elses. I guess it's bound to happen sooner or later, and I am not overly concerned as my shots are reasonably well known around the place.
The internet isn't as big a place as a lot of people think it is, too many eyes watching out for stuff. Which is great for photographers like me. I know many other photographers in the same situation who have had someone let them know their work has been re-badged or re-used somewhere else, sometimes even for commercial gain.


The 3M� DBI-SALA� Hard Body Safe Bucket Insert converts the standard soft body Safe Bucket into a hard body bucket with four inner pockets for staging tools and small parts. The insert can be removed and reused, and is compatible with all standard 3M� DBI-SALA� Safe Buckets.
Converts a standard soft body Safety Bucket into a Hard Body Safe Bucket..
Keeps your Safety Bucket standing upright making it easier to stage tools from.
Built-in pockets allow tools to quickly be holstered and organized.


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A celebration fit for a King
January 14, 2003 12:00 am by Annie Curnow
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, when the world was faced with controversy, Martin Luther King Jr. challenged people of all colors to think about what freedom really meant and inspired many people to peacefully protest the government and the establishments that denied equal rights for everyone.
Today, the world is embroiled in controversy again. This time it is terrorism and war that challenge us to think about what freedom really means.
"In times of fear and uncertainty, it's comforting to listen to King's words," said professor for Africana studies Cheryl Rodriguez. "Over and above all else, he was a man of peace; he studied peace and taught peace and teaches us as a community how to act."
This week is the 16th annual commemorative celebration of King's life. The USF Office of Multicultural Activities and the Tampa Bay Black Heritage Festival are collaborating a week of events to honor King.
The first commemorative celebration took place in 1986-87, the first year that a national holiday was declared to honor King, said Samuel L. Wright Sr., associate dean for Student Relations.
"The Institute of Black Life wanted to do a major MLK celebration and put together a theater program with the help of the USF college of theater," Wright said. "It was so successful it was standing room only."
The theme for this year's celebration, "The Content of Our Character" was chosen, because of the state of controversy society is in, said Nicole West, coordinator for the Office of Multicultural Activities.
"We need to try to get past color, religion and sex and get to the content — what we're made of," said Tabitha Raj, secretary for the MLK celebration committee. "It's important to see someone's character before you judge them — the more awareness there is, the less scared people will be, and fear, is what keeps us from embracing other peoples cultures."
Today, at noon., marks the celebration kickoff at the MLK Plaza sponsored by the Office of Multicultural Activities.
Raj said that the kickoff ties in with Patio Tuesday. USF President Judy Genshaft will speak at the event, as will several student speakers. The event will end with a march symbolizing the march led by King in Washington D.C. during which he gave his infamous "I Have a Dream" speech.
John Jackson, the speaker on Wednesday, is the youngest national director of education in the history of the NAACP. He is in charge of leading the education advocacy agenda for the world's oldest and largest civil rights organization. Jackson's speech takes place at 11:30 a.m. in the Marshall Center Ballroom.
"One of the reasons Dr. Jackson was chosen as a guest speaker is because of his age; he is young, and we think the students will be able to relate to him," said Raj. "He is the youngest person to ever hold the job he does in the NAACP." Before Jackson held his position with the NAACP, President Bill Clinton appointed him to the Office for Civil Rights at the U.S. Department of Education.
Tickets for this event cost $10 and can be purchased at the information desk in the Marshall Center or from the Office of Multicultural Activities.
At 9 p.m., the Movies on the Lawn, sponsored by Campus Activity Board, is showing Ghosts of Mississippi on Crescent Hill.Raj said this film was chosen because it is the story of Myrlie Evers-Williams' life.
The University Lecture Series is sponsoring Williams to speak at the Special Events Center on Thursday, at 5:30 p.m. for the MLK convocation.
A sniper murdered Williams' husband on their front porch June 12, 1963. Her husband's killer walked free, and she spent the next 30 years trying to convict his murderer. In 1994, she succeeded, and Byron De La Beckwith was sentenced to life in prison for her husband's murder.
"Ms. Evers-Williams was an obvious choice for guest speaker. She is the wife of a slain civil rights activist. She is also a very personable speaker, and she gets the audience involved," said Raj.
For more information about "The Content of Our Character," call the Office of Multicultural Activities at 974-5111.
Contact Annie Curnowat oraclefeatures@yahoo.com


The Connecting Cambridgeshire project, led by Cambridgeshire County Council, is conducting an online survey for businesses about their broadband connectivity.
The aim is to identify remaining gaps in superfast broadband coverage, especially in rural areas. Feedback will be used to support bids for future funding to bring connectivity to more businesses. Businesses are being asked to complete the survey by 16 October.


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Automation in Supply Chain
sofoPay
Logistic & Supply Chain Management
Blockchain in Insurance Industry
Ojus
Non-Fungible Token Development Platform
NFT Marketplace Development Platform
Blockchain Consulting
Hyperledger Blockchain Development
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Blockchain in Food Supply Chain
Blockchain Technology For Supply Chain Management
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Blockchain in Power Sector
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Home » Solutions » Peer To Peer Energy Trading
Ojus Peer To Peer Energy Trading
A Blockchain-based solution that helps transforms the trading and distribution of Electricity by using peer to peer distributed ledger and smart contracts.
Say hello to Ojus, our domestic developed solution, which to give you a better idea, is a Blockchain-based peer to peer energy trading solution designed to streamline the distribution and trading of electricity by producers and consumers. Our industry experts have built it using HyperLedger Sawtooth Protocol, which essentially means Ojus is built to the highest safety standards. And, besides that uses Smart Contracts for digitizing processes.
Now, for those unaware, peer to peer energy trading is essentially the buying and selling of energy between two or more grid-connected parties. It is often dealt with in the form of solar energy, wherein any of the excess energy for one user is traded and sold to others via a dedicated P2P Energy Trading Platform. Also known as peer to peer power trading, it allows the consumers to precisely determine the buyer of the electricity, or in some cases who buys the excessive energy as the seller. Therefore, the whole process is flexible, and, of course, it's transparent and safe as well.
More often than not, the peer to peer trading electricity is transferred using a secure technology like Blockchain. This makes it simpler for both the buyers and sellers to trade the excess energy from one node to another. And, moreover, thanks to our in-house crafted technology Ojus, which relies on Blockchain, the overall need for a middleman is also terminated. Therefore, all the energy stakeholders, in the end, get extra reliability and also end up saving some bucks without compromising on any front.
How does currently P2P energy trading work?
The producer of Energy sells its energy at a less than optimal price to a middleman company who would then make a profit by selling this energy to a much higher price to the end consumer. The producer and consumer need to agree on the price. The result of the agreement is a lower price for the consumer and a higher price for the producer than if he sold it to a middleman company. This is how the consumer incurs cost savings in electricity while the producer becomes more profitable and can then break-even much faster on the costs of his production assets.
Any producer can become a trader and offer their surplus electricity to others. This helps to make it easier for other consumers to purchase electricity based on the renewable energy source of their choice. Also, prices of electricity can be lower than those of conventional energy suppliers.
The main advantages of P2P energy trading are:
No intermediary or a middleman
All Stakeholders saves money
Transparency with other consumers
Peer-to-peer energy trading is a concept which is basically an idea of a peer-to-peer economy. This allows consumers to take advantage by trading energy with other users who produce more energy than they need.
Problems in P2P Energy Trading.
Problem is how to manage the peer-to-peer power distribution, which is being produced by the households. Where these household acting as the node of producing power using solar energy. So the need is to provide the infrastructure to lay the foundation for the seamless peer-to-peer power distribution.
Thus, for distributing and monetizing the extra energy produced by the household. There should be a win-win situation for the households, who are generating extra energy, to monetize the extra energy by distributing it to the peers who need it.
How Ojus, a Blockchain-based P2P Energy Trading platform helps?
Ojus a blockchain-based solution helps in managing the power distribution among the peers. Each extra unit produced by the household is counted. This is nothing but an evolution of the next generation of power distribution in which every unit produce is counted.
Ojus, a blockchain-based power distribution system is built and already deployed. The platform covers a configurable number of units produced and the complete tracking down the entities. Each unit generated is traceable, this helps the end-user to gain from the system.
Ojus provides smart contract-driven peer to peer power trading system independent of the flow of power i.e. not controlling the physical flow but arranging token-based settlements between Producers, Power DISCOMS and Consumer.
Sign for a Free Consultation by our Blockchain Experts
A Blockchain based P2P Energy Trading Platform
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A brief look at Supply Chain Financing
When it comes to financing, we all have our scepticisms. Understanding the core concept of finance – and then the whole chains of links that follow – can be a bit overwhelming for an average Joe. In this blog, however, we won't go deep into how finance works and what…
Types of Blockchain
The Blockchain is undoubtedly a brilliant invention – conceptualized first in 2008 by a person (or a group of people) known as Satoshi Nakamoto. Nakamoto mined the first Bitcoin block in 2009 and with that, the cryptocurrency era was born. Since then, Blockchain has evolved better and today more and…
Top 3 Blockchain Smart Contract Development Platforms
A smart contract is a piece of self-executing code that not only defines the rules and penalties of an agreement like a traditional agreement, but also enforces those obligations automatically. Smart contracts can be used across a broad spectrum of utilities including financial services, healthcare, insurance premiums, legal processes, crowdfunding…
When it comes to financing, we all have our scepticisms. Understanding the core concept of finance… Read More
Blockchain in Finance
The Blockchain is undoubtedly a brilliant invention – conceptualized first in 2008 by a person (or… Read More
A smart contract is a piece of self-executing code that not only defines the rules and… Read More
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Come Join our Fourth annual Vacation Bible School June 24th-28th, 2018.
Saturday, June 29th, 11AM to 2PM, we are hosting a Family Fun Festival.
Children and parents are invited fo this post-VBS party where the parents can see the excitement that the kids enjoyed all week.


Podiatric Surgery Centre > what is podiatric surgery?
Ozan is trained in traditional ('open') foot and ankle surgery and utilizes these techniques in combination with minimally invasive surgical procedures. Minimally invasive foot and ankle surgery refers to treatment of bone and soft tissue injuries without the need for traditional open incisions.
A major factor in recovery time and discomfort is the amount of tissue that has been involved by the incision.
With minimally invasive foot surgery, a small incision is made in the patients' skin and a specially designed instrument is inserted into this opening. The entire procedure is performed through this tiny opening. At the conclusion of the surgery, a small bandage protects the area. The condition has been corrected, the patient remains ambulatory and discomfort and prolonged disability have been avoided.
It is now over fourty years since the original pioneers began the development of this art. They sought the means of ending discomfort and suffering for a wider cross section of the population. They reasoned that if the necessity for hospitalization and prolonged disability was eliminated, more people could afford to avail themselves of these advanced services.
Medicine is an ever-evolving field in which innovation, combined with a desire to improve outcomes, often leads to newer and hopefully better strategies for disease management. One area in which this trend is accelerating is minimally invasive surgery (MIS). When properly applied, MIS techniques allow surgeons to perform procedures that limit damage to the surrounding tissues, theoretically decreasing postoperative morbidity, speeding recovery time, and shortening the time for return to function.
Minimally invasive surgery has been shown to be safe and effective for a number of foot and ankle conditions, however these procedures are not replacing traditional surgery and they are not appropriate for everyone. Electing to have minimally-invasive foot surgery is a patient and surgeon- guided decision. Ozan will discuss the suitability of such procedures, so that you can make an informed decision.
Podiatric surgeons are unique, dedicating themselves to research, investigation and mastery of surgical therapeutics of the foot and ankle, exclusively.
Podiatric surgeons are podiatrists who have completed extensive, post graduate medical and surgical training and perform reconstructive surgery of the foot and ankle. The qualifications of podiatric surgeons are recognised by Australian State and Federal Governments. It is an approved specialty by the Australian Health Practitioners Regulation Agency. Podiatric surgeons are included within both the Health Insurance Act and the National Health Act.
In Australia, Podiatric surgeons operate in private hospitals, leading a surgical team that includes anaesthetists, medical practitioners, surgical assistants and nursing and hospital staff. Patient care and safety is paramount and the surgical team works closely together to ensure each patient receives the highest quality of care and respect.
Podiatric surgeons have a long history of leadership and innovation in the field of foot and ankle surgery around the world.
For more information on Podiatric surgeons, please visit: Australasian College of Podiatric Surgeons.


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Despite problems, Cruisin' seen as good for Ocean City
Emily Chappell
EChappell@dmg.gannett.com
What is one of the major kickoffs for Ocean City's summer season was marked by more than one tragedy this year.
Thursday, the first day of Cruisin' Ocean City, saw one death after a motorcycle slammed into a pickup truck. Two days later, a Pennsylvania man fell eight stories from a balcony and died.
Even with issues in recent years, town leaders believe the majority of problems stem from a few individuals that give the event a bad name.
"For us, (it was) a very somber weekend," Ocean City Police Chief Ross Buzzuro said.
The event is challenging for the town and taxing from a resource standpoint. They're lucky to have allied law enforcement that comes in and helps, he said. Agencies like the Worcester County Sheriff's Office, Maryland State Police and the Maryland Transportation Authority come in and lend assistance.
Buzzuro could not comment on how many extra officers are brought in for this event, but he said the amount has increased significantly since last year's event.
Even with the two major tragedies, the chief said preliminary numbers show the event's crime looked to be about on par with previous years. And these incidents aren't going to keep the event from coming back in years to come.
For the foreseeable future Cruisin' Ocean City is here to stay, Buzzuro said. But to keep things safe people need to make sure they're following the rules, he said.
"When you visit the town of Ocean City, come in with the notion that you're going to respect our community and act responsibly," he added.
Past Problems
This year, the car-lovers event ended with two people dead.
Eric Del Marr, 24, of Germantown died Thursday after police say he was driving at a high rate of speed. The crash occurred at 28th Street and Philadelphia Avenue. Prior to the incident, a non-Ocean City officer in town helping for the weekend tried to pull Del Marr over for doing wheelies on his bike.
RELATED: Man dies after Ocean City motorcycle crash
Police have said Del Marr sped away from law enforcement when they tried to pull him over, and soon after, he crashed his bike into a pickup truck.
Later that weekend, Jordan M. Hess, 29, of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania died after falling from a balcony at the Stowaway Grand Hotel at 2100 Baltimore Ave. Police have not yet determined if drugs or alcohol came into play, but said initial investigations show the incident appears to have been accidental.
READ MORE: Pennsylvania man dead after falling from balcony
"We haven't seen this before," Buzzuro said, in regard to the number of tragedies this weekend.
But even if the event hasn't seen numerous tragedies in recent years, it hasn't been without its problems.
Last year, a Millersville man was charged with six traffic violations after a May 16 video shot during that year's Cruisin' Ocean City. Harry Matthew Huntsman, 25, was driving his blue Corvette near 94th and Coastal Highway and was caught on video doing doughnuts, among other things, in the middle of the highway.
MORE: Driver doing doughnuts during Cruisin' in OC charged
Later in the month, on May 30, he was pulled over by Ocean City police for driving a vehicle with the window view obstructed by sign material and was charged for the May 16 incident.
He faced six charges, including negligent driving, reckless driving, driving a motor vehicle in a manner intended to cause skidding, spinning wheels, driving a motor vehicle in a manner intended to cause excessive noise and failure to drive right of center.
And in 2014, a similar Ocean City car event saw at least one major fight and a separate incident where two men were arrested after punching a horse.
H2O International, an annual show for Volkswagen and Audi enthusiasts, saw at least one fight that year at the 45th Street Village shopping center, which turned into somewhat of a scene that was captured on video by several onlookers.
RELATED STORY: Horse assaulted during H20 weekend in OC
For the most part, town leaders see the Cruisin' event as good for the town. Town spokeswoman Jessica Waters said it gets people in the town, staying in hotels and eating at local places.
"It's really great for businesses," she said. "It certainly does bring a lot of our loyal visitors."
But with the good, comes the bad. And even if it's just a few bad eggs, it can give the whole event a negative name.
Unfortunately, Waters said, there are people who come down for the event who don't follow the rules.
"(Those people are) really the exception, not the rule," she said.
Many times, people who are complaining about people causing problems are the people who have come down for the event, she said.
These people who come down do so because they love the classic cars, and they love spending time in Ocean City. Some of them have been coming since it started, she said.
And these complaints — they're something the town, and police, take seriously.
Police, the town and the event's coordinators work in close contact to help things move more smoothly.
Buzzuro said this past year, they added more police to help better patrol things. And they will work to see what changes can be made to keep things safer in years to come.
In the end though, some of it comes down to personal responsibility, Waters said.
"Hopefully we can get everyone to put safety first and have some respect for the residents and the laws of Ocean City while they're here," she added.
On Twitter @EmilyChappell13
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