Doing research on invertebrate sentience would also tend to involve some research on vertebrate sentience because much of the literature of which criteria to use to assess sentience is done in the context of vertebrates. This would mean that invertebrate sentience research would also contribute to research on vertebrate sentience, though this would not be the priority.
I'm generally not talking about cephalopod sentience because cephalopods have a much stronger case for their sentience already, they are much less numerous than smaller invertebrates, and more people are already concerned for their welfare. My position on sentience is relatively similar to Luke Muehlhauser's, as presented in his Report on Consciousness and Moral Patienthood. My approach is inspired by him.
In addition to the agent-neutral reasons I will present in this post about why we might want to focus more resources on invertebrate sentience, I think I have a strong comparative advantage in doing invertebrate sentience research compared to other things that we have strong reasons to focus on, like AI safety research.
The two main ways that I see this research having an impact is by better informing us to make decisions about improving well-being and by functioning as a form of indirect advocacy. I think that it can help us better make decisions about current interventions (such as humane insecticides) as well as understand consciousness better so that we can create happy minds and not create suffering minds.
Though much research remains to be done on the question, humane insecticides seem to me to have a lot of potential as a robust way of reducing suffering now. The idea would be to try to get farmers to adopt insecticides that either killed more quickly than current insecticides, killed through a less painful mechanism, or perhaps did not kill nontarget species of insects.
Humane insecticides as an intervention seems to both have higher expected value and to depend on fewer ecological assumptions than other methods of helping wild animals. The sign of the intervention also does not depend on whether insects live net positive or negative lives. Research on invertebrate sentience is probably complementary to work on getting humane insecticides implemented.
One of the main ways research may also be able to help is as a form of indirect advocacy. I believe that society should be thinking a lot more about invertebrate sentience, and research can raise awareness about this issue. Research might be less directly persuasive then more direct forms of advocacy (because it is not optimized for that purpose), but I think that there is also less worry about backlash from it. It also seems to me like there needs to be a combination of advocacy and research to support that advocacy, or else the advocacy will not be well seen. One reason for this is that advocacy is more zero-sum than research because from the perspective of society advocacy shifts the distribution of the pie whereas research increases it. This more cooperative nature is another reason why research is important. In practice is probably a fine line between pure research and direct advocacy, but it is possible to strike different balances between them.
I also believe that invertebrate sentience research may be promising if you accept the overwhelming importance of the far future. This is because invertebrate sentience research may be applicable to the question of digital sentience. There may be many simple, potentially conscious, digital minds in the future, and understanding if they are conscious seems important so that we can avoid creating a lot of suffering and create a lot of happiness.
When I bring this up with EAs who are focused on AI safety, many of them suggest that we only need to get AI safety right and then the AI can solve the question of what consciousness is. This seems like a plausible response to me. However, there are some possible future scenarios where this might not be true. If we have to directly specify our values to a superintelligent AI, rather than it learning the value more indirectly, we might have to specify a definition of consciousness for it. It might also be good to have a failsafe mechanism that would prevent an AI from switching off before implementing any scenario that involved a lot of suffering, and to do this we might have to roughly understand in advance which beings are and are not conscious.
While some of these scenarios seem plausible to me, they are also somewhat specific scenarios that depend on certain assumptions about the importance of AI in the future and how the process of AI alignment might go. I think understanding digital sentience may be more robustly good than AI alignment research because in a greater variety of future worlds, understanding digital sentience will be important.
In my research I intend to focus somewhat on the question of digital sentience, but still focus mainly on invertebrate sentience even though I view the question of digital sentience as more important. This is because I view invertebrate sentience research as more robustly good, more tractable, less weird looking, and as also contributing significantly to our understanding of digital sentience. If we were closer to achieving digital sentience then I would focus more directly on that question.
I believe research on invertebrate sentience contributes to our understanding of digital sentience and vice versa. Indeed, all research on sentience is helpful for doing research on any other kind of sentience. For understanding the possibility of sentience in beings who are very different from us it is helpful to understand cases of sentience that are clearer to us, so that we can understand what we are looking for. Researching digital sentience (and the possible sentience of other entities such as plants or bacteria) can also give us perspective that helps with our understanding of invertebrate sentience, but for now I think researching invertebrate sentience is more promising.
Invertebrate sentience research may be very neglected. With rare exceptions, most people do not care at all about invertebrate sentience. This lack of caring may be largely due to factors that are not morally defensible, such as the fact that invertebrates look very different from us or are much smaller than us.
Invertebrate sentience research is somewhat less neglected than general efforts to help invertebrates. Some relevant research gets done out of intellectual curiosity, and quite a bit more research than that gets done because it helps humans in some way. There is a much smaller amount of research done directly on the question of invertebrate sentience. I tend to think that invertebrate sentience research is more important than current efforts to help invertebrates because invertebrate sentience research may shape the far future more than interventions to help invertebrates now.
Invertebrate sentience research lies at the intersection between biology, philosophy, neuroscience, and computer science to some extent. This tends to mean that there are fewer experts in this area than one might expect. Many invertebrate biologists who might otherwise have a lot to contribute in the area are not philosophically inclined, and have not thought about the ethical implications of their knowledge, and so become confused about the question of insect sentience.
I don't believe that research on invertebrate sentience is very tractable. This is because consciousness is a thorny issue. Some authors such as Daniel Dennett have claimed to explain consciousness, but they haven't offered us plausible criteria for determining that an entity is or is not conscious. And this is what we need to find. However, I do think that due to its neglectedness, there is some room for making more progress on the question than might be expected given its intractability.
Luke Muehlhauser claims (and I agree) that we would be hard-pressed to assign a very high or very low probability to invertebrate sentience. This would suggest that there is a ceiling on how useful further research may be on this question. Muehlhauser also mentions (and I agree) that adjusting the probabilities you assign the sentience of different entities does not affect the expected value dramatically. For example, the difference between assigning a 5% probability and a 50% probability is epistemically vast but arguably practically insignificant. It merely affects the amount of expected value represented by invertebrates by one order of magnitude. There are very roughly 10^18 insects in the world, and this number is still multiple orders of magnitude higher than the number of vertebrate animals.
This would suggest that working on invertebrate sentience is not important. However, there are some good arguments that talking about degree of sentience makes sense, and our best assessment of the degree of sentience of an entity is something that more plausibly can be shifted multiple orders of magnitude through research into the question.
It also seems plausible that many of the same arguments about why an invertebrate species might be more likely to be sentient also apply as arguments about why that species might have a higher degree of sentient (if they are sentient at all) . This is because most of the best arguments why an invertebrate species might be more likely to be sentient points to a similarity related to sentience in us between our mind and theirs. Similarities between our minds and theirs are also evidence of similar degrees of sentience. This means that we may not have to prioritize much between these two approaches. This has been my impression so far, but I imagine future research might indicate to me more ways that would provide evidence for one of these without providing evidence for the other.
Most people do not make an expected value calculation when it comes to these questions, and so doing research on the likelihood of invertebrate sentience can still be useful to update and persuade them. In my experience, most people typically roughly treat the question of invertebrate sentience as being either yes (100%) or no (0%).
I particularly want to do research into degree of sentience and write about that. I plan to write shorter blog posts as I go because it is easy enough to do, helps me consolidate knowledge, and gives me a faster feedback loop. I will also try to work on some longer, more polished, documents. I will in all likelihood continue to update the table of potential consciousness indicating features that will be published with the report on invertebrate consciousness I worked on with Rethink Priorities.
My prior here is brain size weighting for suffering, which means insects are similar importance to humans currently. But I would guess they would be less tractable than humans (though obviously far more neglected). So I think if there could be compelling evidence that we should be weighting insects 5% as much as humans, that would be an enormous update and make invertebrates the dominant consideration in the near future.
Based on Georgia Ray's estimates, it looks like there are > 100x more neurons in soil arthropods than in humans.
Using this, we get 1E22-1E23 neurons from large arthropods and 6E22 neurons from smaller arthropods, for a total of 6E22-2E23 neurons in soil arthropods.
Thanks! However, neurons in smaller organisms tend to be smaller. So I think the actual brain mass of humans would be similar to the land arthropods and the nematodes. Fish are larger organisms, so it does look like the brain mass of fish would be significantly larger than humans. There is the question of whether a larger neuron could provide more value or dis-value than a smaller neuron. If it is the same, then neuron count would be the relevant number.
It seems like there is some asymmetry here as is common with extinction risk arguments: if we think that we will, eventually, figure out what consciousness is then, as long as we don't go extinct, we will eventually create positive AGI. Whereas, if we focus on consciousness and then AGI kills everyone, we never get to a positive outcome.
I think the original argument works if our values get "locked in" once we create AGI, which is not an unreasonable thing to assume, but also doesn't seem guaranteed. Am I thinking through this correctly?
Kudos for taking on something important & outside the canonical EA paths!
My initial thought on invertebrate sentience is similar to my thinking about animal welfare interventions generally: in the long run, the main effect of this kind of work will probably be how much it impacts humanity's moral circle.
In optimistic scenarios, humans will steer the fates of all other species for the foreseeable future (we will at least give a lot of input to our successors, in the transhumanist case).
So the main thing to get right is ensuring that humans steer in a good direction. More on this here.
If that's true, then "getting AI safety right" leaves a lot of things unaddressed, because in most scenarios "getting AI safety" right is only a small portion of the picture.
I didn't understand this. Could you explain more?
I guess I'm confused about the relationship between digital sentience & invertebrate sentience.
Indeed, all research on sentience is helpful for doing research on any other kind of sentience.
Could you expand on this more?
Seems like you're saying something similar to "doing work on one philosophical question is helpful to all other philosophical questions", which I probably disagree with though haven't thought about closely.
Work on digital sentience probably has to think a lot about e.g. the Chinese room, whereas I imagine invertebrate sentience work as thinking more about the border between animals that seem clearly sentient and animals that we're unsure about.
Reflecting on the mirror test—nice pun!
I see – I was imagining more skepticism about the possibility of digital sentience.
This recent book review about octopus consciousness on LessWrong might be helpful.


With temperatures dropping and winter on it's way— not to mention candy to be had and pumpkins to be carved— there's no better time to begin working remotely from the warmth and comfort of your own home (or somewhere a little bit closer to the equator). Need some help getting your footing in the world of remote work? We've got you covered. Rounded up below are 15 innovative companies that are currently hiring for remote jobs. Trust us, you're going to want to work at these places.
Truebase is an early stage start up and believes that each member of the team is key to defining the company's product, direction, and culture. They value integrity, transparency, and heavily rely on data to make decisions.
Full Stack Developer: In this role, you will design and build large-scale distributed services; design and build a state-of-the-art, responsive and user-friendly web applications; work with stakeholders to gather requirements, prototypes and build mock-ups; take end-to-end ownership of the app quality, support, and deployments.
We're an SEO company based in Malden, the Netherlands which provides innovative link-building campaigns for customers all across the world. For over 8 years, we've been helping all types of clients— from small digital agencies to large fortune 500 media companie— to improve their ranking in the SERPs through our website invalley.com.
SEO Campaign Manager: Invalley is offering an exciting job opportunity for a new campaign manager to join our super-talented and friendly team. The right candidate will have the opportunity to work remotely from anywhere in the world, with a fully flexible schedule and plenty of room for professional development.
Create a custom website, match your email list to social media, send expertly targeted email, process donations, and more... all in one place.
80% of our key results at work come from 20% of our time, the problem is that most of us don't know which 20% and we want to help. Week by week people can track, understand and improve how they work with our unique hardware-based time tracking solution. More than 20.000 people in 80+ countries including companies like Google, Magic Leap, EA Sports, and AUDI started discovering how they spend their time and many more are joining every week.
Growth Marketer: We are a remote company consisting of 16 productivity geeks, currently spread over 4 countries and we are looking for an experienced, driven Marketer to join our Growth team and work side-by-side with our CMO and our Head of Product on driving the growth of our company. As Growth Marketer, you'll be a mission-critical part of our efforts to acquire, engage, and retain our users and will help us to achieve our ambitious goals.
The Carpentries is an open global community teaching the skills and perspectives to turn data into knowledge. We build capacity in essential data and computational skills for conducting efficient, open, and reproducible research. Through our mission, we are committed to "training and fostering an active, inclusive, diverse community of learners and instructors who promote and model the importance of software and data in research." We believe in a world where more people have the computational skills and perspectives to work with data to address their questions in science, scholarship and society. We aim to build that world by scaling evidence-based teaching, creating inclusive environments, and building communities of practice based on open principles.
Community Engagement Lead: We seek an engaged and collaborative individual who shares this vision for a full-time position as the Community Engagement Lead of The Carpentries. You'll be part of a diverse team of professionals working to spread data-driven research skills. Our community comprises 35,000 learners, 1,500 instructors, 70 Trainers, and 75 member organizations from research institutions around the world. The Community Engagement Lead has a broad responsibility for developing and supporting global and local Carpentry communities and creating pathways for participation and increased communication.
Administrative Support Specialist: We are seeking a full-time Administrative Support Specialist to work with our Business Administrator and Workshop Administrator. You will process payments for memberships and workshops, produce financial reports, and record financial and workshop data. You will also assist with organizing workshops and will communicate with members and hosts as needed.
Language Zen is web and mobile application that uses machine learning to be the most quantifiably effective way to teach a new language. We create an entirely personalized experience for every user and the more you use it, the smarter it gets. We're proven to teach 2.4X faster than Rosetta Stone, 1.4X faster than Duolingo and can teach a semester of college level Spanish in 25 hours.
Back-End Developer using C# Postgresql Typescript: We are building the future of language learning and we need your help. We are looking for a developer to join our team. You will be working across our stack: From Redis and PostgreSQL through our C# server code to our Typescript (React) front-end. You will work on making the system more adaptive to each user and expanding the number of languages we are able to teach.
We believe that people deserve to start each day inspired by their work and end each day fulfilled by the work that they do. We believe that people deserve to be part of a great team where we push each other to be better, hold each other accountable, and achieve our wildest personal and professional goals and dreams. We make the lives better for the people who work for us and the clients who work with us.
Freelance Recruiter: We are seeking multiple Freelance Recruiters to find, assess/screen & submit high-quality IT, Engineering, and Professional Administrative candidates to our firm. This is a perfect opportunity for someone who wants to pick how many hours she/he wants to work, and when. You'll have complete freedom in how you work- Join us, and you'll have absolutely no "boss". You'll work from your house, a coffee house, or a beach- your choice. You'll make as much money as you'll decide you want.
VirtualCore is an experienced design and strategy agency based in Nigeria. We help transform brands and businesses through carefully crafted design and rigorous strategic thinking and also provide virtual assistance to deliver the most effective and flexible creative services. Our work encompasses graphics and identity, products and packaging, exhibitions and installations, websites and digital experiences, advertising and communications, architecture and interiors and virtual assistant services.
UI/UX Designer: VirtualCore is currently hiring a UI/UX Designer with a focus on visual mock-ups for clients, web and brand design and creative company self-promotions. Reporting directly to the CEO, this role recommends, develops, and executes creative promotions to support the marketing and branding tasks as well as overall visibility of the Company.
At Paved, our goal is to create a seamless sponsorship relationship that makes influencer advertising streamlined and simple for publishers and advertisers. Founded by a tech entrepreneur who was tired of struggling to find the right influencers to work with in his role at a multi-billion dollar tech company, Paved is all about building powerful partnerships.
Publisher Development Representative: Paved, based in NYC, is looking for an energetic self-starter to contribute to the growth of a tech company in a fast growing niche within the advertising vertical. We are looking for a goal-oriented, independent, and organized individual to lead our publisher efforts. You will own all publisher relationships — responding to inbound publisher inquiries and reaching out to new publishers to match our current advertiser demand. A positive attitude, desire to grow/learn, and ability to take direction are more important than experience.
Marco Polo—a video communication app combining the richness of video with the convenience of text message for both 1:1 and group conversations—was created as a tool to help foster closeness between friends and family. Though our backgrounds are diverse, we share a belief—lives flourish when people feel close. That common inspiration keeps us aligned with our purpose as a team, scattered across the U.S., including Seattle, NYC, Portland, Eugene, LA, and the Bay Area.
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Guide Gate App Connects tourist with local guides. It provides a unique local content within the platform. Machine learning is utilized to help tourist to get suitable packages from guides. Chatbot as a travel assistant.
Hybrid Mobile Application Developer: We are looking for a mobile developer with demonstrated experience designing and implementing enterprise scale web and mobile solutions. The ideal candidate will bring both strategic vision and solid execution skills to create mobile and web applications for our platforms.
WebpageFX is a full-service digital marketing agency for mid-size businesses. We focus on partnering with clients to grow their revenue, leads and inbound phone calls using the latest digital marketing strategies. With over 850 happy clients, we provide end-to-end solutions with website design, copywriting, content marketing, SEO, PPC, CRO and more. WebpageFX is a 6-time INC 5000 honoree and has been named the best place to work in PA for each of the last three years.
Freelance Copywriters/Copy Editors: WebFX is seeking talented outside freelance writing professionals to write quality content and meet deadlines. This position is an excellent opportunity for versatile creative writers. If your writing and working styles meet our needs, we can provide a consistent stream of interesting assignments.
Toggl is an insanely simple time tracking tool that can be used on a web browser, desktop and mobile phone. You can work from anywhere in the world - we have team members in 25+ countries.
Performance Marketing Lead: We're looking for a crafty digital marketer to help us take our technical marketing activities to the next level. As Toggl continues to grow, we need more systematic work on metrics driven marketing and paid advertising campaigns. You wouldn't just be maintaining these systems - you'll have a chance to pave your own way.
Integrity and transparency are hard to come by these days. That's why we're completely transparent with our work and don't require contracts. When we agree to work with someone, our singular goal is to help grow their business. We want people to want to work with us, which is why the only "contract" you'll ever have with 51Blocks is a handshake. Off the bat, we provide our new clients with a 90-day roadmap to show exactly what we'll be doing to help their business over the next few months. We provide detailed monthly reporting complete with analytics, task lists, and insights so you know exactly where each of your marketing dollars is going.
PCC Specialist: 51Blocks is Denver's premier boutique Internet Marketing Agency. We provide SEO, PPC, Social Media, and other internet marketing service and tools for small businesses. We are looking for an excellent communicator that can help our team grow new accounts by utilizing the phone, internet, and our inbound tools to effectively present and close small businesses to use our platform.
We're a digital marketing agency in Philadelphia, PA. Our Mission is to create unique, winning digital solutions— including a mix of cutting edge marketing services— for clients who rely on results from DMi's dedicated and winning team. We work collaboratively in the best interest of our clients to get outcomes that improve their businesses and our own.
Manager, Email & CRM: DMi Partners is looking for a highly skilled and passionate Manager of Email & CRM to join our growing team! The Manager of Email & CRM will work directly with our clients and internal account managers to manage clients' CRM and outbound email communications. The position will have hands-on execution, client-facing, project management and strategy duties.


text:
New Bioengineering Wing Unveiled
Prof. Yu "Tim" Chen (Bioengineering) with students in his Biophotonics Imaging lab in the new bioengineering wing of the Kim Building (Photo by Al Santos).
A new, $7.6 million, 7,400-square-foot wing of the Jeong H. Kim Engineering Building, built to house the rapidly growing Fischell Department of Bioengineering at the A. James Clark School of Engineering, was unveiled on April 11.
Highlights of the new space include:
Two named wet labs plus additional lab space available for future faculty
Labs in the new wing are equipped with autoclaves, coldrooms, freezers, biological hoods and more
A new office suite that serves as the main office of the department and includes five offices for faculty and staff, plus meeting and cubicle space
The new wing adjoins the FabLab of the Maryland NanoCenter
Construction on the new wing began in August of 2006 and the department moved in December 2007
A fact sheet on the new wing is available online.
Participants in the ribbon-cutting ceremony will include University of Maryland Provost Nariman Farvardin, Clark School Interim Dean Herbert Rabin and Fischell Department Chair William Bentley, as well as Robert E. Fischell and his son, David.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Jeffrey Alford
Jeffery and Naomi's latest book, Beyond the Great Wall, won the James Beard Award for Best International Book at the award ceremony in New York on May 4, 2009. It won the same award from the IACP in April.
Jeffrey's Featured Recipe
Jeffrey Alford and Naomi Duguid, travelers, cooks, photographers, and writers, have worked together since they met in 1985. Their interest is to understand and appreciate staple foods and daily home-cooked foods in their cultural context. They do much of their travel, food research, and photography in Asia. Their latest book, Beyond the Great Wall: Recipes & Travels in the Other China, takes readers to Tibet, to the Silk Road oases of Xinjiang, to Inner Mongolia, to Yunnan, Qinghai, and to Guizhou, all provinces that lie outside central China and that are home to distinctive cultures and cuisines.
Four of Jeffrey and Naomi's previous books have been award-winners. Flatbreads & Flavors and Hot Sour Salty Sweet both won the James Beard Cookbook of the Year Award (in 1996 and 2001 respectively). Seductions of Rice and HomeBaking, each won a Cuisine Canada Cookbook Award (in 1999 and 2004). Mangoes and Curry Leaves (2005) explores the food and culture of the Indian subcontinent.
Jeffrey and Naomi are contributing editors for Saveur magazine and their work has appeared in many food magazines, including Food & Wine, Food Arts, Gourmet, and others. They were the recently the subject of an award-winning one-hour documentary film by Jacques Menard, The Recipe Diaries.
They were part of the PBS series Baking with Julia and contributed to the book of the same name; they also appeared in the Food Network series Baker's Dozen.
The couple guest-teach at a number of cooking schools and frequently give slide show-lectures about food traditions around the world. Their stock photo library, Asia Access, specializes in images of food, agriculture, and traditional cultures.
Jeffrey and Naomi live in downtown Toronto. Their websites are www.hotsoursaltysweet.com and
http://jeffreyalford.blogspot.com/.
Beyond the Great Wall: Recipes and Travels in the Other China
Home Baking: The Artful Mix of Flour and Traditions from Around the World
Hot, Sour, Salty, Sweet
Mangoes and Curry Leaves


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text:
Esther 3:10-15: Careless and callous
"10 So the king took his signet ring from his finger and gave it to Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, the enemy of the Jews. 11 'Keep the money,' the king said to Haman, 'and do with the people as you please.'12 Then on the thirteenth day of the first month the royal secretaries were summoned. They wrote out in the script of each province and in the language of each people all Haman's orders to the king's satraps, the governors of the various provinces and the nobles of the various peoples. These were written in the name of King Xerxes himself and sealed with his own ring. 13 Dispatches were sent by couriers to all the king's provinces with the order to destroy, kill and annihilate all the Jews – young and old, women and children – on a single day, the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar, and to plunder their goods. 14 A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued as law in every province and made known to the people of every nationality so that they would be ready for that day.15 The couriers went out, spurred on by the king's command, and the edict was issued in the citadel of Susa. The king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was bewildered." NIV
'Through this one girl-life God was about to save his people, though He was all the while hidden from view. The peculiarity of this book is that there is no mention of the name of God; but there is no book in the Bible more full of the presence and working of God for his own. His name is clearly in the water-mark of the paper, if it do not appear in the print.' F.B.Meyer: 'Great verses through the Bible', p.173. It's good to again be reminded of this as we read through this third chapter. It ends on a callous note:
''The king and Haman sat down to drink, but the city of Susa was bewildered'' (15b).
The poor people were like sheep without a shepherd. Sadly, such heartless, careless leadership is not an isolated case. Many in history (and still it is the true today) have suffered at the hands of callous leaders. How can these people comfortably enjoy their outrageous wealth while their people languish in a swamp of need and difficulty? But there are many who raise their glasses at the table of the callous. Life is cheap to them. They issue their orders and people disappear into gulags, salt mines and foul, primitive prisons. Many are removed from the world altogether. Meanwhile, the tyrants sit down and propose another toast.
Nevertheless, God is here in this scene, even if He is not mentioned, and His intervention will soon be evident. F.B. Meyer goes on to say: 'Do not dread the foe, be not fearful nor dismayed, as he draws his net around thee; God has prepared a way of escape, so that thou shalt be able to bear it. In the meanwhile, rest in the Lord, and wait patiently for Him; trust in the Lord; wait for the Lord; be silent to the Lord. He is more far-seeing, his plans more far-reaching, his help more certain, than all the stratagems of evil. God laughs at them. Into the pit they have dug, thine enemies shall fall.'
The king's ''signet ring'' (10) was the symbol of royal authority. It was used as a stamp to seal official documents. This was duly given to Haman. He now had the permission he needed to carry out his wicked schemes.
But we need to remember that there is a higher authority, and in this we rest, even when events seem bewildering.


AzMERIT (Arizona's Measurement of Educational Readiness to Inform Teaching) is Arizona's new statewide achievement test. Arizona is partnering with the American Institutes for Research (AIR) to develop tests which are unique to Arizona.
How is AzMERIT different from the AIMS test?
Arizona's Instrument to Measure Standards (AIMS) tested the old standards. Spring 2014 was the last time AIMS was administered for reading, writing, and mathematics. AzMERIT, based on the new standards, will tell teachers, students, and parents if students are on track to be college and career ready upon graduation from high school.
The Arizona Science Standards did not change, so students in Grades 4, 8, and high school will still take the AIMS Science test.
Arizona public school students in grades 3 through high school will take AzMERIT.
Students in grades 3 through 8 will take an assessment in English language arts and mathematics at their grade level.
Students taking high school level English and mathematics will take end-of-course assessments that will test their proficiency in these subjects.
Only eligible students with significant cognitive disabilities will participate in other alternate achievement tests.
When will the test be given?
Students will take AzMERIT in the spring. Schools will inform students and parents of specific testing dates.
Thank you for supporting the students of Murphy Elementary School District!
Taxpayers filing in Arizona have the unique opportunity to redirect a portion of state tax dollars they already pay, to support public education. The credit allows an Arizona taxpayer to contribute $200 per individual tax return or $400 per joint tax return to a school's extra curricular program.
Also you don't have to have a child attending a Murphy District School to participate - let your friends, family, neighbors, and your community know how they can support the students at Murphy!
For general contributions, you can download and print the Tax Credit Donation Form.
You can also contribute electronically!


New members are welcome, whether working or living in London or further afield. We even have members abroad. Reductions are available for those wishing to join mid-year.
Adult members living or working within a radius of 35 miles of Keen House.
For for those under 25 on 1st January, those in full time education holding a valid NUS card and those in receipt of certain benefits.
If you would like more information, please contact our memberships team here.
We meet every week, on Thursday 'track nights' at Keen House our purpose built club building in Central London, just a few minutes walk from King's Cross station.
The Club builds and operates layouts in a variety of scales. We have five touring layouts currently, a 2mm scale layout, Copenhagen Fields, which is based on our local railway - the lines out of Kings Cross and a 7mm scale (O gauge) layout called Happisburgh Goods representing a yard on the Norfolk coast with sugar refinery.
We have one of the finest collections of books on railway and modelling topics in Europe. The library is open on Thursday track nights, when members use it to carry out historical research, to browse and to borrow books. The library is also open at other times by arrangement.


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text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Dothan Masonic Lodge 466
The digital home of the Dothan AL Masonic Lodge 466
How to Become a Mason
Please read this first
Who Freemasons are
What Freemasons believe in
Those who seek membership
The Masonic Lodge
The Masonic Degrees
Alabama Grand Lodge
Master's Message
Widows Sons
Dothan Masonic Lodge #466 is located physically at:
184 N. Oates St
and digitally at:
https://dothan466.com
It is Dothan Masonic Lodge 466's policy to respect your privacy regarding any information we may collect while operating our website. This Privacy Policy applies to https://dothan466.com (hereinafter, "us", "we", "Dothan Masonic Lodge 466", "Dothan Masonic Lodge", "Lodge 466", or "https://dothan466.com"). We respect your privacy and are committed to protecting personally identifiable information you may provide us through the Website. We have adopted this privacy policy ("Privacy Policy") to explain what information may be collected on our Website, how we use this information, and under what circumstances we may disclose the information to third parties. This Privacy Policy applies only to information we collect through the Website and does not apply to our collection of information from other sources.
Like most website operators, Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 collects non-personally-identifying information of the sort that web browsers and servers typically make available, such as the browser type, language preference, referring site, and the date and time of each visitor request. Dothan Masonic Lodge 466's purpose in collecting non-personally identifying information is to better understand how Dothan Masonic Lodge 466's visitors use its website. From time to time, Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 may release non-personally-identifying information in the aggregate, e.g., by publishing a report on trends in the usage of its website.
Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 also collects potentially personally-identifying information like Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for logged in users and for users leaving comments on https://dothan466.com blog posts. Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 only discloses logged in user and commenter IP addresses under the same circumstances that it uses and discloses personally-identifying information as described below.
Certain visitors to Dothan Masonic Lodge 466's websites choose to interact with Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 in ways that require Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 to gather personally-identifying information. The amount and type of information that Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 gathers depends on the nature of the interaction. For example, we ask visitors who sign up for a blog at https://dothan466.com to provide a username and email address.
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If you are a registered user of https://dothan466.com and have supplied your email address, Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 may occasionally send you an email to tell you about new features, solicit your feedback, or just keep you up to date with what's going on with Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 and our products. We primarily use our blog to communicate this type of information, so we expect to keep this type of email to a minimum. If you send us a request (for example via a support email or via one of our feedback mechanisms), we reserve the right to publish it in order to help us clarify or respond to your request or to help us support other users. Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 takes all measures reasonably necessary to protect against the unauthorized access, use, alteration or destruction of potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information.
Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 may collect statistics about the behavior of visitors to its website. Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 may display this information publicly or provide it to others. However, Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 does not disclose your personally-identifying information.
To enrich and perfect your online experience, Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 uses "Cookies", similar technologies and services provided by others to display personalized content, appropriate advertising and store your preferences on your computer.
A cookie is a string of information that a website stores on a visitor's computer, and that the visitor's browser provides to the website each time the visitor returns. Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 uses cookies to help Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 identify and track visitors, their usage of https://dothan466.com, and their website access preferences. Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 visitors who do not wish to have cookies placed on their computers should set their browsers to refuse cookies before using Dothan Masonic Lodge 466's websites, with the drawback that certain features of Dothan Masonic Lodge 466's websites may not function properly without the aid of cookies.
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We collect information about visitors who comment on Sites that use our Akismet anti-spam service. The information we collect depends on how the User sets up Akismet for the Site, but typically includes the commenter's IP address, user agent, referrer, and Site URL (along with other information directly provided by the commenter such as their name, username, email address, and the comment itself). For further information on Askimet's Privacy Policy, please see https://automattic.com/privacy/
Although most changes are likely to be minor, Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 may change its Privacy Policy from time to time, and in Dothan Masonic Lodge 466's sole discretion. Dothan Masonic Lodge 466 encourages visitors to frequently check this page for any changes to its Privacy Policy. Your continued use of this site after any change in this Privacy Policy will constitute your acceptance of such change. This policy was last modified on 19 July 2019
This is the terms and conditions, or Privacy Policy of this website, www.Dothan466.com. All photographs, graphics, layout, and textual content (unless otherwise noted) contained on this site are the intellectual property and copyrighted by www.Dothan466.com, the webmaster thereto, the lodge officers, or the original owner which has provided www.Dothan466.com permission to use. These photographs, graphics, layout, and textual content may not be copied, used or distributed in any form or manner without the expressed permission of the WebMaster, lodge officers, or the original owner.
Should you want to copy, use or distribute any of the information contained in these pages, contact the WebMaster. If he is unable to grant permission, he will give you further instructions.
Under no circumstances is a "no response" from either the WebMaster or the lodge officers to be interpreted as an approval to copy, use, or distribute.
Permission to link photographs, graphics, layout, and textual content from this website to any other website is prohibited, unless the other site requesting to link is within the guidelines of the Grand Lodge of Alabama. The requirements and policy governing websites can be found here: https://www.alafreemasonry.org/documents/internet%20guidelines.pdf
This online privacy policy applies only to information collected through this web site and not to information collected offline or via the Grand Lodge of Alabama.
Technical concerns should be emailed to the Webmaster.
Dothan Lodge #466
The digital home of the Dothan Alabama Masonic Lodge #466. Here we share our mission, who we are, and the best way to contact us.
We meet the first and third Tuesday of every month with dinner at 6:30 pm and work starting at 7:00 pm. Check out our events page for more information.


It's easy to get caught up in the good, the bad and the ugly. How have you been feeling lately? Are you feeling good about life and the direction things are going or are you feeling concerned and even distraught? Take a moment to notice how you are feeling. If you tune in and notice, you can feel it in your body. Do you feel relaxed, expansive and open or do you feel tense, tight or even physical pain? This is a powerful way to become aware of your thoughts, feelings.
It's amazing how simple it is to put your mind on a new thought and immediately create a new state of mind. Now I didn't say it was easy, I said it was simple. This take conscious practice. That's right, you must be committed to being happy and to becoming aware. Pain is the best sign that you are off track. No matter whether it is emotional pain or physical pain, this is a sign to shift your perspective. Once you notice and feel that first negative tinge, immediately CHOOSE to redirect your thoughts onto something that feels better. If you can't go from 0-100, then find something that raises your emotions a little bit, then think of something else that raises it even a little more.
For instance when my daughter went off to college I was surprised how devastated I felt. I knew I would feel sad but I had know idea how sad! I felt like I was losing a part of myself and I actually was, it was a part of my self identity. She was my youngest child. Who was I if I didn't have the day to day responsibility of her well-being? I really didn't expect to feel this way and it was so painful. I was so much more than a mom. I had my career, my passion and my awesome husband. I have always included my own needs and desires as well as my families, but this was an unconscious identity. Something I didn't see coming, that threw me for a loop.
I let myself feel my feelings for a while and then there came a point where it wasn't serving me anymore. So I thought enough is enough, I need to practice what I teach. I CHOSE to shift my emotions with my thoughts. I started focusing on how exciting it was for my daughter. It was a whole new chapter in her life. As I began to feel joy for her I started to feel my feelings begin to shift. I felt a bit lighter and then I chose to focus on how I no longer was responsible for her day to day activities and how this FREED me up to do more things I desired, like travel and continuing my education. I felt an expansion in my emotions, my body and my perspective. I felt excited about the possibilities. With a thought I was able to go from the thought of what I was losing to what I was gaining and I had a completely different experience. This was amazing!
So where in your life do you need a shift in perspective? Is it the way you feel about our government? Is it your finances? Your relationships? Your health? Perhaps it's how you feel about yourself or your body? Happiness is just a thought away. We can't change the past. All we can do is learn and grow from it and get our intention on the life we want to create. What is one thing you can do to move yourself closer to your dreams and desires? Take committed action and have low attachment, while you enjoy the ride!
Call for your free consultation with Robin Hart. If you are in the Portland Oregon, Beaverton Oregon or Hillsboro Oregon area, you can have an in office consultation/appointment. If you are further away then we are happy to set up a Skype or phone session. Call: 503-317-8700.


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Oh, What a Tangled Web: Importance of Following Governing Documents
By Frank A. Lombardi on March 2, 2017
As I've written in this column many times, whenever there is an incoming flurry of condominium operational problems, there must be something in the water. These past two months were no exception.
First, I had a condominium that historically allowed unit owners to extend their decks and patios without any reallocation of percentages for the increased footprint and without obtaining the necessary approvals of the unit owners. The practice just continued for 25 years. The problem is that expanding on common elements to create a limited common element or to extend the unit footprint by definition decreases other unit owners' use and enjoyment of that common element, and as such, there must be proper procedures followed: for example, a proper vote from the unit owners, a reallocation and assumption of maintenance of the extended deck or patios from the association by the requesting unit owner. If not. ultimately, another unit owner may complain that he is paying for someone else's deck.
At that point, the board would be faced with some difficult choices: amend the governing documents to conform to the existing practice, which in essence would be a ratification by requisite amount of unit owners. Or it may be faced with a lawsuit by the unit owner seeking strict compliance with the governing documents and asking for damages in the form of a refund of the additional amounts he was assessed to take care of extended decks. Many other options exist. all difficult, but the point is the board could have avoided this issue long ago by following the path set out for them in the governing documents.
A board member from a different condominium came in with a different fact pattern, but the issue was the same: not following the documents, or properly amending the documents to reflect what was happening in that project. Specifically, for over 30 years, this four-unit condo never kept a budget, never assessed. Instead, at the end of the year, one unit owner would collect the bills he paid over the past year and bill his three neighbors their share. As the board member explained, it was never a problem, until now. That is, when a unit owner wanted to sell his unit.
I was asked to resolve the matter to the satisfaction of the buyer's attorney, which essentially amounted to doing a series of backward somersaults legally to straighten the "books" out, have a unit owner meeting wherein an actual board could be formed and a real honest to goodness resale certificate issued. Obviously, this was a time consuming and expensive endeavor that could
have been avoided had the unit owners simply followed the procedures set out for them in the bylaws.
My last example is of a developer who owned two apartment buildings, each containing 12 units. Twenty-five years ago, he converted the apartments into a 24-unit condominium. Simple, right? Not exactly, as it seems the developer sold all 12 units in one building and kept the remaining 12 in the other building. The problem is that the 12 separate units operated as a condominium, but the other developer-owned units did not share expenses for the whole condominium, and worse, were never assessed properly. They acted totally independent of one another.
Because of the unique configuration of the two lots, parking, and access ways, all went well technically, that is, until the developer passed away, leaving his widow and, of course, me with a condominium that really wasn't a condominium. A third party wanted to purchase the second building, and that's when the curtain rose, so to speak. The workaround chosen was to partially terminate the condominium, which required the input and assent of all the unit owners, their lenders, the title company, and the town authorities. Again, all of this could have been avoided had the developer simply followed the provisions of the very same documents he used to create the condominium.
Can't wait to see what's in the water next month.


Page 256 - Gallery Design of Interior Architecture | Partitions Net Lamps With Usb Outlets. White Queen Bedroom Sets. Fire Pit Glass Wind Guard.
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Guardian Ad Litem Appointed For Incapacitated Litigant
MAY 13, 2002 VOLUME 9, NUMBER 46
Ralph Blakely, Jr., signed himself in to a mental health treatment facility for the first time in 1972. Despite treatment he received from time to time over the next quarter century, he continued to suffer from delusions, hallucinations and impaired memory.
Mr. Blakely married in 1973. He and his wife Yolanda owned various businesses over the years, including a dairy farm, an orchard, and other properties. He apparently continued to live a tumultuous life; by 1995 the couple had been involved in over 60 lawsuits. Partly to protect their assets from possible creditors the Blakelys created a trust to hold title to most of their property.
In 1995 Mr. Blakely's legal troubles began to escalate. First his wife filed for a dissolution of their marriage. A year later the trustee of the trust which the couple had created asked the court to compel Mrs. Blakely to account for her use of trust assets; she argued that Mr. Blakely, his father and son were liable for any shortages.
Mr. Blakely elected to represent himself in the trust and dissolution actions. About three weeks before the trust trial, however, he was arrested for kidnapping his wife and son, and he went to jail pending a trial on those charges.
The attorneys appointed to represent Mr. Blakely in his criminal trial asked the court in the trust and dissolution actions to appoint a guardian ad litem (usually referred to as a "GAL") in those proceedings. The GAL would be able, they argued, to determine what would be in Mr. Blakely's best interests, and to manage the litigation without exposing him to further criminal problems. Although the court initially denied the request a local attorney was ultimately appointed to serve as guardian ad litem.
The trust case was the first of Mr. Blakely's three legal problems to be resolved. His GAL helped negotiate a resolution of the claims and counterclaims, and the court approved the settlement.
Next Mr. Blakely faced the criminal charges arising from his having kidnapped his wife and son. A jury heard that matter and decided that his mental condition was not so serious as to prevent him from participating in own trial. Armed with that finding Mr. Blakely asked that his GAL be dismissed in the trust and dissolution matters so that he could once again represent himself. Those requests were denied and he appealed.
The Washington Court of Appeals upheld the lower court's determination that Mr. Blakely needed a GAL to make decisions in his best interests. Court rules allow for appointment of a GAL when a litigant is unable to understand the significance of legal proceedings. A full hearing on the request was not required since he did not object until after the appointment. Marriage of Blakely and Blakely, April 25, 2002.
Categories: Newsletter, Tucson Elder LawBy Robert Fleming May 13, 2002
Tags: guardian ad litemMarriage of Blakely and Blakelymental illnessTrusts
Author: Robert Fleming
https://elder-law.com/team/robert_b_fleming/
Can't Find Original Will? That Might Not Be a Problem
Disinheriting a Child Over Politics? Think About a Trust
Medicaid Reimbursement Claim Must Be Filed in Time
2020 Round-up: 10 Lessons and Reminders, Plus 2
Contact Fleming & Curti
Address: 1745 E. River Rd., #101, Tucson, Arizona 85718
Can't Find Original Will? That Might Not Be a Problem January 17, 2021
Can You Disinherit a Family Member? January 17, 2021


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Home / Publications & Research / Covid-19 and education / Learning loss research: Understanding progress in the 2020 to 2021 academic year
Learning loss research: Understanding progress in the 2020 to 2021 academic year
Evidence on the impact of the pandemic on pupils' attainment
The Education Policy Institute (EPI) and Renaissance Learning have been commissioned by the Department for Education (DfE) to produce research examining the extent of learning loss experienced by pupils in England as a result of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.
On the 24th February 2021, the Department for Education published the first report from this ongoing research project, which considers the extent of learning loss among primary and secondary school pupils during the 2020 autumn term.
The analysis is based on the results achieved by pupils in the first half of the 2020/21 autumn term (up to and including 25 October 2020) in comparison to pupils in previous years. The research examines Renaissance Learning's 'Star Assessments', which are frequently used by schools as their baseline assessment for reading and maths.
The research, which is based on more than 400,000 assessments from the current academic year, finds that:
By the first half of the 2020 autumn term, pupils had experienced a learning loss of up to two months in reading (in primary and secondary schools), and up to three months in maths (in primary schools).
There appear to be some regional disparities in the level of learning loss in reading with pupils in the North East and in Yorkshire and the Humber seeing the greatest losses. However, the differences between regions are relatively small once we control for historic rates of progress in these areas and all regions have experienced losses.
At secondary school level, learning losses in schools that have a high proportion of pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds were around 50% higher than those schools with very few pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds (2.2 months in schools with high rates of free school meal eligibility and 1.5 months in schools with low rates of free school meal eligibility).
FULL REPORT: You can read the DfE report in full here.
EPI and Renaissance will continue to undertake analysis for the Department for Education on the impact of the pandemic on pupil learning loss.
Future published research will consider the effects of learning loss on different pupil groups, and at later periods in the academic year.
Jon Andrews
Head of Analysis and Director of School System and Performance View Details


text:
Q: How to update the song's volume for a flash player using jQuery slider? I'm having some trouble with the code below. the flash player has a default volume slider, but I want to use the jQuery slider to change the volume. the volume value(nr) is changing while I move the slider, but the volume of the song doesn't.
thx for your input.
<!DOCTYPE html>

<input id='ArVol' size='1' value='55'>

<input type='button' value='Play' id='PlayMp3'>

A: Do you have access to the flash source or does the source exposes an external interface ?
if not , dont bother trying you cant.
EDIT : just check the documentation of the player you are using ,took me 5 seconds :
http://flash-mp3-player.net/players/js/documentation/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Archive for Spike Lee
Rubber Biscuit
Posted in FILM with tags Black Sabbath, Blackkklansman, Clarimonde, Cocteau, John Frankenheimer, John Landis, Kathleen Freeman, La Belle et la Bete, Mario Bava, Martin Scorsese, Mean Streets, Raging Bull, Rubber Biscuit, Seconds, Spike Lee, The Blues Brothers, The House on Haunted Hill, The Last Temptation of Christ, Thriller, William Castle on September 10, 2018 by dcairns
Was discussing something with Anne Billson on Twitter. Those shots where either a character moves on a dolly independently of the camera —
Belle in Cocteau's LA BELLE ET LA BETE, gliding eerily down a corridor of wafting curtains.
This ghost in William Castle's HOUSE ON HAUNTED HILL — Cocteau maybe invented the trope and Castle maybe introduced it to Hollywood.
The implacable revenant in Bava's BLACK SABBATH, who never makes the mistake of moving like a normal living person. She teleports from room to room like Droopy ("I do this to him all through the picture."), sits up in bed without the use of arms, rising like a drawbridge, then finally wheels forward through a rainbow of artfully gelled lighting, arms already in position for a spot of strangling…
Kathleen Freeman as the Penguin in THE BLUES BROTHERS. Landis's parodic use of the supernatural glide is striking because the trope was scarcely in common use at the time. It wasn't like the trombone shot/exponential zoom in his THRILLER video, where the gimmick was maybe on its way to becoming overexposed and thus ripe for parody. The nun on wheels (at the very end of the long clip above) feels like it could have been played absolutely straight in a real horror movie.
(I like to think they intended to hire Kathleen Byron as a scary nun but asked Freeman by mistake. But I know this is not true.)
Also, those shots where the camera moves WITH the actor, as if the actor were on wheels or the camera were attached, or both. There are two variations on this (well, two main ones) ~
At the opening of SECONDS, John Frankenheimer and James Wong Howe mount their camera on an actor via some kind of rigid harness, getting a whole range of eerie effects whereby the world lurches about, a drunken handheld nightmare, while the foreground shoulder or slice of face remains rock steady.
Another example of the same thing: Scorsese fastens on to Harvey Keitel for (appropriately) a drunk scene in MEAN STREETS, to the tune of Rubber Biscuit. Scorsese has also attached his lens to a boxer's forearm to deliver a fist's-eye view of a punch in RAGING BULL (blink and you'll miss it) and to Willem Dafoe's crucifix as it's raised in THE LAST TEMPTATION OF CHRIST. Interestingly, mounting the camera on a car is normal film language (although this still feels unusual) but latching on to any other moving object is still a novelty.
The other variation ~
Spike Lee is the main proponent of this one — camera and actor are moving in unison, but it's a steady tracking shot, as if the actor is standing on the same dolly the camera moves on (and he is). Lee seems to do this in every film, and, distressingly, sometimes he seems to be doing it just to prove it's him. His signature shot.
I used this one in my short film CLARIMONDE, back in the nineties — so Lee may have been the influence. I wanted a dreamlike effect and to show a character moving without free will. We didn't actually have a proper dolly, just a tripod with castors, so I got my lead actor, Colin McLaren, to balance his feet on the castors and grip the top of the tripod so we could wheel him across the studio floor. I still like the result.
This whole slew of techniques seems to be without a name, unless I've missed something. I propose calling it the Rubber Biscuit Shot, even though Scorsese didn't invent it and Spike Lee could probably stake a better claim to ownership. I just think Rubber Biscuit Shot sounds absolutely right for the weird, dislocating effect.
Posted in Fashion, FILM, Politics with tags Adam Driver, Birth of a Nation, Blackkklansman, DW Griffith, Harry Belafonte, Inside Man, John David Washington, Kim Newman, OJ Simpson, Shock Corridor, Spike Lee, Summer of Sam, Ted V Mikels, The Black Klanman, The Fly, The Klansman, The Spook Who Sat by the Door, The Stanford Prison Experiment on September 4, 2018 by dcairns
If I was Kim Newman I'd begin this post on Spike Lee's BLACKKKLANSMAN by pointing out the existence of the 1966 Ted V. Mikels joint THE BLACK KLANSMAN, and the black sort-of klansmen in SHOCK CORRIDOR and THE KLANSMAN (O.J. Simpson, name-checked in Lee's film). And then reference THE SPOOK WHO SAT BY THE DOOR, Ivan Dixon's genuinely revolutionary version of the conceit, in which a black man joins the CIA to learn guerrilla techniques he can use in the struggle. But I'm not Kim Newman. I don't even own a cape.
I would cheerfully go along with the critical mainstream and call this Lee's best film in years, but I stopped watching his stuff around the time of SUMMER OF SAM, which I thought was really hatefully ill-thought-out. Lee was attacked for exploiting real-life murders in a way that seemed, and was, unfair, since nobody, or nobody much, ever used similar grounds to attack Richard Fleischer (COMPULSION, THE BOSTON STRANGLER et al), Richard Brooks (IN COLD BLOOD) or the countless other filmmakers to labour in the true crime genre. But Lee's movie has, for example, a throwaway reference to THE FLY — a talking fly as part of the killer's hallucination. Lee's director's commentary at this point explains his choice: "hommage to THE FLY." But what he doesn't explain is why he thinks that belongs in this film. (Lee has always had a screwed-up willingness to go a mile out of his way in order to include a meaningless and inappropriate hommage, and it still hasn't left him, even in this much better movie.)
So, in a sense, the criticism of this film was justified — it used real-life murders as an excuse to include a joke about a fifties horror movie. If I were the relative of a victim, I'd be offended. In fact, I'm just someone who's seen THE FLY and I'm still offended.
But I did belatedly see INSIDE MAN and liked it a lot, so I've been thinking about giving him another chance.
The Independent has a fairly good, informative piece on where Lee's film departs from the facts of his latest true crime story — probably best read after you see the movie which, as I'm trying to imply, is well worth seeing. The screenwriters seem to have invented A LOT, though the story's unlikely set-up is indeed "fo' real." I wondered, after reading it, if the film's romantic interest even existed in reality. The piece doesn't tell me. She's at the centre of an ethical dilemma involving the hero — is he sleeping with her while undercover? — which the movie never answers. (Turns out she didn't exist — the real Ron Stallworth had already met his future wife before this story begins.)
The movie is shot on 35mm for an authentic blaxploitation look, although the design seems to consistently situate it bang in the middle of that decade. Nothing said 1979 to me, although maybe Colorado Springs moved a touch slower than elsewhere. Having just watched THE STANFORD PRISON EXPERIMENT, whose attention to verisimilitude was a little marred by some unconvincing wigs and cookie-dusters reminiscent of Spike Jonze's Sabotage video, I was relieved that the wig-work here was convincing and, to me, the movie didn't cross over into seventies parody. Any time you watch an actual blaxploitation movie, there will be several costumes worn in apparent earnest that you could never use with a straight face in a modern movie set in that period.
What the movie does give us is some excellent performances — John David Washington is an instant star, funnier than his famous dad, Adam Driver is as good as we've come to expect, and there's an extremely powerful cameo from Harry Belafonte which forms a major part of the best sequence I've ever seen from Lee. Now THAT'S an hommage, if you like. (Lee's always been good at finding roles for iconic black actors, and I'm grateful to him for giving Ruby Dee and Ossie Davis plum late-life parts). And at the end there's one of his patented dolly-the-actors-with-the-camera shots, and it's the best iteration of that particular conceit I've seen from him. And I got a fleeting sense, from the way the movie folds in bits of Griffith's BIRTH OF A NATION and implicates it in the resurgence of the Klan, that the technique has some special meaning for Lee (it must, for him to use it so insistently), having something to do with the intrusion of movies into life.
Euphoria: Fight the Power
Posted in FILM, MUSIC with tags Do The Right Thing, Rosie Perez, Spike Lee on April 21, 2008 by dcairns
Oh, we're still very much interested in Euphoria here at Shadowplay, those little bits of projected happiness. We've just given up NUMBERING them, that's all. From now on they are free to wander and intermingle.
Simon Kane, AGES AGO, nominated the following:
"It's all there for me, every possible argument against opening a film with white titles on a black background, and pretty much every argument the ensuing film contains. Angry, funny, sexy, "lo-tec", kind of hilarious, and then the rest of the film just keeps on running like a classic musical. They haven't just nicked a hit here. It's the song that sets everything off. Spike Lee's career is a total mystery but I love this film. And: "Introducing Rosie Perez". I'll say!"
It is rather splendidly dynamic! I think this was the last time I really appreciated a Spike Lee film, sorry, "joint", although I've liked bits of them since. Sometimes his use of music is atrocious, sometimes it's great.
I must admit I took it against him slightly when I read Rosie Perez say that she was so distressed doing the nude scene that she started crying. Lee's solution? Tilt down and frame her face out. Charming.
But — she OWNS this title sequence, so something good came out of it all.


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Many authors come to me asking if they need to copyright their work in order to protect it. The short answer? It's not necessary!
Independent editor with a love of good writing, leather jackets, and live music. Edits fiction (literary, commercial) & nonfiction (narrative, memoir, essays).


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My name is Kiara and singing and composing is not what I do but who I am! music is the essence of my being and I love sharing my ideas, visions and sounds with the world, whether that be solo or in a collaborative setting. I have sung at events that featured artists, such as Lady gaga, Kelly Clarkson, The Voice contestant Amanda Brown and more.


LiDAR (Light Imaging, Detection, and Ranging) has been utilized in a wide variety of applications since it broke into the mainstream in 1971. It was initially introduced in the Apollo 15 mission when it was used to map the surface of the moon. LiDAR is a technology that uses the same principles as Sonar, instead replacing sound with laser pulses. These pulses strike the desired surface and bounce back, providing an accurate 3D model of the surfaces it strikes. Although most of LiDAR news we read today has to do with aerial LiDAR and mapping of the Earth's surface, mobile LiDAR has been used to map millions of road miles but also to map inside mine shafts, dams and other man-made features.
One frequently overlooked application of LiDAR is the study of air currents and wind flow. LiDAR is a practical, cost-effective, and accurate method of collecting data for wind farm development. By studying operational wind turbine performance and wind pattern research using LiDAR, we can develop more efficient methods of producing renewable energy. This is increasingly important as we increase our renewable energy footprint.
Prior to using LiDAR, many of these wind studies were performed using meteorological masts (instruments strapped to tall poles). However, there are several advantages to using LiDAR to make many of these measurements without expensive masts. Ground based, upward looking LiDAR was first utilized by the wind industry. With the added portability LiDAR provides, researchers can much more easily collect data in multiple locations. Additionally, LiDAR can simultaneously collect data at several different heights. This provides copious amounts of information about wind flow across the entire turbine rotor area. Meteorological mast instruments also often have blind spots. LiDAR does not. LiDAR measurements have a much greater range up into the atmosphere extending much further than the height of a physical mast. This better sampling of meteorological conditions is important for engineering the future generation of large turbines which extend significantly above 100m in height. A final important advantage of meterological LiDAR is that it is environmentally non-invasive. That is, it measures the wind conditions without changing them. Physical masts are an obstacle to the wind flow and alter the atmospheric flow being measured. In the future, all wind turbines may be fitted with their own forward-looking nacelle based L to detect wind flow and notify the turbine operator when to activate the turbine.
Cornell University is on the cutting edge of using LiDAR technology for wind turbine studies. Researchers have acquired a pair of continuous wave ZephIR 300 wind lidars. This specialized LiDAR equipment is being used for ground-based remote sensing of wind flow in the atmosphere. The research is spearheaded by Professor Rebecca Barthelmie, Director of the Wind Energy Research Lab at Cornell University. Barthelmie has been cited for her extraordinary efforts and achievements in the field of wind energy research.
The ZephIR 300 is a continuous wave (CW) wind LiDAR which provides high resolution measurements 50 times per second anywhere from 10 to 200 meters up. CW wind LiDAR gives precise accurate measurements of wind speed, direction and other characteristics including Turbulence Intensity (TI). The effect of (TI) on wind turbines is of great interest to scientists in the field. The impact of irregular wind loading can affect both production from the turbine as well as the operating costs of the turbine with increased stresses and strains potentially reducing component life.
Power generation from wind energy is hard! Why? Because the energy source for a wind turbine is largely unknown until it (the wind) impacts the turbine. The main challenge in harvesting energy from wind comes from anticipating the incoming, unknown turbulent wind field. The wind turbine controller tries to balance the competing interests of reduction in structural loads and increasing energy production to maximize turbine efficiency. Conventional wind turbines use feedback methods to meet these goals, reacting to wind disturbances after they have impacted the wind turbine. LiDAR sensors, on the other hand, enable the wind turbine to "see" the wind before it impacts the wind turbine. This, in turn, allows a controller to actuate the wind turbine in anticipation of an incoming wind disturbance. The result is greater efficiency.
LiDAR has proven to be a powerful new technology. Aerial Services has been using it to vastly increase the area and quality that can be mapped. It has vastly improved the efficiency of wind energy. And because of LiDAR's versatility and the amazing ingenuity of America's innovators, it remains a critical technology with new applications yet to be discovered.