text:
Apple's iPhone 7 release date possibly leaked
If this information turns out to be true, we could be looking at a mid-September release for the iPhone 7 and the iPhone 7 Plus.
Infamous tech-industry leaker, Evan Blass, has revealed the iPhone 7 is expected to release during the week of September 12, possibly on Friday, September 16.
Blass, or @evleaks as he's known on Twitter, has a long history of leaking mobile and tech secrets and surprises, which includes recent leaks for the Samsung Galaxy Note7, the OnePlus 3, and new variants of the HTC 10.
In his latest leak, he clarifies the week of September 12 possible launch for the iPhone 7 refers to its retail release, and not Apple's upcoming launch event. Apple tends to hold its launch event for new iPhones the week prior to their launch, so we should expect the company to unveil its new phones the week of September 5.
Yes -- we said new "phones" as Blass also believes we'll be hearing about two new iPhones this year, which are codenamed Sonora and Dos Palos. If we had to make any guesses, we'd guess these phones would include an iPhone 7 and iPhone 7 Plus.
Apple announced its 4-inch iPhone SE earlier this year, so this Fall would be the best time for the company to release its official follow up to the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus. With Apple's quarter ending earlier this year than it did in the past, on September 24, this should also hint at the iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 Plus' release. Launching them a week prior to Apple's ending its quarter would be a great time.
[Via Twitter]
Destiny 2 player creates The Whisper quest in Super Mario Maker 2
Watch NVIDIA's RTX recreation of the Apollo 11 moon landing
Players who cheesed Tribute Hall will need to actually play Destiny 2
MTG Arena introduces Plane-Cation Chronicles event
From The Chatty
Refresh Go To Thread
Shacknews
 reply
Daniel Perez posted a new article, Apple's iPhone 7 release date possibly leaked
bolneze
I wonder who that guy is, always see his name associated with leaks
ThomW
If this thing doesn't have a headphone jack and no super compelling features, I may save $100 and just get an iPhone 6S Plus. :/
waxthirteen
All these rumors about using the lightning port for headphones... What do you do when you want to charge your phone AND use headphones at the same time? Suffer? I guess I'd finally make the jump to a good pair of bluetooth headphones if that ever happens.
I just don't want wireless earbuds either -- I have enough chargers already, and don't want to have to manage another goddamn thing's battery life.
It's true. I bought a cheap pair of BT headphones and stopped using them because I was charging them every fucking day. Nothing worse than wanting to run out the door for a walk and "oops, can't use my stupid headphones because the battery is dead".
electroly
the charger connector will have a pass-through port for audio. of all the problems that removing the headphone jack introduces, this is the easiest to solve
Ahh ok that's good to know. That's why I was asking.
Sure, but what about crap like docks?
http://chattypics.com/files/iPhoneUpload_npx1l50dl5.jpg
i'm not seeing the problem with docks, it looks like that dock already doesn't use (or allow access to) the headphone jack?
i think this all pales in comparison with the fundamental problem, do i have to carry a stupid adapter when i'm listening to headphones on the go? if i do, god damnit apple
Adapter = no sale
Wireless = no sale
ateam311
What if I told you that your friends would be jealous of you for at least 5-10 minutes after discovering that you bought the brand new iPhone 7?
Oh shit! Maybe I haven't thought this through! ;)
Hey man, popularity comes with a price... in this case, $800 for a phone and $300 for some BEATS.
greenbergMD
Most definately won't be a headphone jack. By and large, this is going to be a completely uninspired launch. It ought to be called the the 6SS or 6SE or something. It's not a real big change. I'm going to wait for the 8.
Another thing I keep wondering is if Apple is going to do something huge for the tenth anniversary iPhone next year. They launched in 2007, and 2017 seems like the right time for something yuge.
Rumors are an edge to edge display, touch sensor built into the screen, wireless charging, and glass back.
Dolemite
Sounds sturdy.
Rice-Rocketeer
Gorilla Glass: Winston Edition
For what -- this year or next?
Who the fuck wants a glass back?
Slowtreme
I dont want to go through that again. Although the glass on my 6s is ONE BILLION times more durable than any previous iphone I owned.
spazzium
Fucking yes. This is what I want ('cept the glass back).
Use some shitty adapter.
mr.thing
It appears that there will be 3 models now. The "Pro" version will not have a headphone jack, but the consumer version will.
I'm happy with that compromise.
NFXFSX
I switched my original 6 for a 6S Plus. I'd rather be on the S cycle to maximize any new changes.
MaxPete82
What new changes are "maximized" with the 6S?
Serpico74
Performance mostly: http://www.anandtech.com/show/10196/the-samsung-galaxy-s7-and-s7-edge-review-part-2/2
Thing is generally faster than other newer flagships
Aren't the numbered upgrades (6, 7 etc.) usually at the head of the pack when they come out too?
They are, but some people want the hardware tweak instead of a potentially problematic first go. That hasn't been an issue since the iPhone 4, but there it is
festivalman
I just want a camera that can do 4k at 60fps. Why is this so hard?
do you think the lens elements in a tiny phone camera like that would do 4k justice? seems like a weird requirement to have
I've taken a lot of 4k video with my iphone SE and outside in daylight, it's a glorious thing. So sharp. All of the phones that shoot 4k run at about 50mbit though, which makes the image suffer from compression artifacts rather quickly when you move to low light. It's stunning when you're in daylight though. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4qAADCFvKc
Well I can't say my 720p phone screen did it much justice, but it did look very sharp.
Also I enjoyed watching your cat eat, and would like more videos of said cat!
Hah, I haven't updated in a while but: https://www.youtube.com/user/NandorsCat/videos?shelf_id=0&view=0&sort=dd
yay kitty!!
Toraz Chryx
Needs more H265 am i rite???
peanut-
Getting 4k 60fps video out of a fingernail-sized camera built into a tiny pocket computer sounds like it would be pretty fucking hard to me tbh
[deleted] 278501215
[deleted]
I do if it's cats
NexusOne
Cops seem to care pretty often.
DandySlayer
They'll beat the shit out of you for it sometimes or arrest you for it!
Phone recorded video has made up a growing segment of news casts. I think we're beyond the "nobody cares" phase.
Junktown
So we just need a 720i camera.
boarder2
Apparently nobody gives a shit about whatever you record on your dashcam either!
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC_dY4U-3F-ivInfJaWZmE0g
quazar
Why won't apple join the wireless charging bad wagon, it is so great
This may be of interest to you: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cx31IV0WNNo
rtrson
What's so great about it? Whether you are tethered by a charging cable, or a pad that has a cable to the wall that the phone must rest on, what is the huge advantage?
factor27
Obviously It's not about being more portable, it's saving a second of action/attention by avoiding the act of plugging/unplugging a cable and simply putting the phone down.
Lol. You can still pick up the phone and use it easily while its connected to the charging cable. As soon as you take that phone off the charging pad, it interrupts that process, right?. Is there really a large group of people that find plugging in a device to recharge it so awful?
It's just nice,I have three wireless chargers and at work can set it down and it's charging. It's small thing that one you have it is hard to get away from
kelbane
it doesn't wear out the connector at least? my x-wife's iphone 5 lightning port is wearing out, dirt grime over the years.
That's weird. I've had cables go bad, but they are very cheap to replace. But not the connector in the phone itself. Is she flying without a parachute? (No phone case?)
Redwall45
Try using a tooth pick and digging out lint from the charging port. Works wonders
rasputinreborn
If you tried it for awhile you'd never want to go back.
I wouldn't mind it as an option. Come home, plop my phone down on a thing and not worry about it... But more often than not I'm holding my phone while it's charging.
jingletard
It's got a cool factor of just plopping the device down on a flat surface and having it charge. Plus messing with cables is stupid.
You don't know what you're talking about. It's very very different.
And you cleared it up for me. Thanks.
It's just obvious you don't have it and don't realize what you're missing.
The ease of it is so nice. Cables are fiddly and untidy.
Nighteyes
My question is whats the life span of a wireless charging station?
Im sick of having to buy a new lightning cable every 6 months
forever, from my experience so far!
Haha, good point, standards are for the poor
Goddammit. Fuck apple.
Beady
Erm, everyone pretty much knew it was coming in September. It's not like there isnt precedent.
Chandler55
lol yea really,hey guys i got a rumor theyre making iphone 7S next yr
Blackdawgg
I want watch 2.0 :(
Quite possibly coming in September! Although watchOS 3 is a big-enough improvement that it could put off upgrades.
anhero
What about the 10 things I can buy instead?


Daily Readings from All Things are Working for Your Good by Joel Osteen from Hachette Book Group. All of us will go through dark times that we don't understand: a difficulty with a friend, an unfair situation at work, a financial setback, an unexpected illness, a divorce, or the loss of a loved one. Those types of experiences are part of the human journey, but in his book All Things Are Working for Your Good, Joel Osteen teaches that if we stay in faith and keep a good attitude when we go through challenges, we will not only grow, but we will see how all things work together for our good. Now, Joel Osteen offers this companion devotional, that will provide motivation with daily readings and inspirational prayers that will encourage you through the darkness, as you seek the light in God's will.
My Opinion: taught me a lot this book did is up and going through a lot as far as my life goes in trying to decide what is right for me and him so confused. I really needed to read this book as him having difficulty with a lot of the dark times listed above. I have not forgotten my faith but sometimes get wrapped up in my own self I forget about it a little bit and I shouldn't.


NEW YORK, Jan. 8, 2014 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- AJC is dismayed by the destruction of more than 50,000 books in an arson attack on a major Christian library in Tripoli, Lebanon.
A Muslim mob targeted the Al-Saeh library, owned by Greek Orthodox priest Ibrahim Surouj, after a pamphlet insulting the Prophet Mohammed was allegedly found in one of the library books.
"The Jewish people knows all too well the ominous implications of burning books," said Rabbi David Rosen, AJC International Director of Interreligious Affairs. "As the 19th century German poet Heinrich Heine poignantly observed, 'Where they have burned books, they will end in burning human beings.'"
AJC called on the Lebanese authorities to do their utmost to protect the well-being of all its religious communities.
The fire burned two-thirds of the library's collection of 80,000 books and manuscripts built up over decades by Father Sorouj.
"Violence in the Arab world, inspired by radical, unforgiving ideology, has too often targeted with impunity the cultural, historical and religious sites of minority faith communities," said Rosen. "The arson attack on Father Sarouj's library is terrorism, driven by obscurantism and bigotry."


All the legal regulations that regard the succession of properties, after the death of a person, are regulated by inheritance law. Each person has the right to inherit. Only the beneficiaries have the right to inherit. The company succession concerns either corporate law issues of succession (in certain cases) or its part of the classic law of inheritance because the entrepreneur dies and the company or part of it, belongs to the inheritance.
Succession law regulated all those issues concerning the inheritance, the testament, the legacy and the legitimate portion. It also deals with the disinheritance and the inheritance taxes as well as with the notaries 'costs, lawyers or tribunal court. Personal circumstances, legal, economic as well as fiscal matters are objects of inheritance law. In case of inheritance, all the properties shall be passed on to the next generation. This must be planned carefully and in a long term.
We create contracts and legal statements such as will, marriages and inheritance contracts, company succession regulations, donation statements and all possible forms of anticipated succession. We take account of all those aspects regarding the legal and taxation law perspectives in view of increasing state value due to the inheritance.
If the testator has not written a will, the hereditary succession will be applied. This is regulated by the law, which states that the bequeathed will leave all the properties to the closest member of the family (such as children and grandchildren that will come before nephews or nieces in the succession line). A possible spouse will be considered by the law in the inheritance process.
There is no inheritance without heirs; in German Law, when a person dies without leaving a will, the succession shall be by inheritance. If the heritance regards a family without children, the first successor will be the spouse; in this case, no will is necessary. This latter is instead really important, if the testator has other ambitions for his/her properties.
Possible changes in the inheritance structure should be considered.


My first crush at Alderman Richard Hallam Junior School may well have been the tall, blonde Miss Slingsby at Juniors (mind you, all teachers were tall then, and all female staff were titled "Miss").
I was avid to move on as quickly as possible to the next book in the Wide Range reading programme so as to gain her praise and smiles.
It was she who read to us all gathered round and sat cross-legged on the carpet.
I recall Kipling's Just So stories and especially Rikki Tikki Tavi.
She it was, too, who had us all painted up, with real feathers and cardboard tomahawks, in a stage production for parents of Longfellow's Hiawatha.
Dicky 'Allam could, in those days, also boast the fearsome Miss Anstey (either head or deputy, I forget which).
Very tall, straight-backed and darkly, smartly dressed with jet black hair and, I think, black horn-rims, she commanded a very tight assembly indeed.
Such was her awesome and otherworldly air of command I assumed Anstey Lane, the school address, was named after, and possibly belonged to her.
Mr Fieldhouse taught arithmetic, music and handwriting.
He was a greying, whiskery old cove in a suit, collar and tie, and highly polished, stout shoes.
At the time, I estimated him to be well over 100 years old but I suppose he may have actually been younger than I am now, as I write half a century later.
I remember little or nothing of the maths and music but can still quite vividly see him chalking up immaculate lines of copperplate and italics for us to copy.
I also seem to recall him once sitting down on his precious violin – much to his consternation and the general merriment of the class.


Speed — Reduced construction schedules up to 50% with configurable and pre-configured core and shell components.
Flexibility — Tailored fit and finish that best achieves a desired look, feel, and performance.
Simplicity — Easy to adapt, build, and own.
Project Frog has always looked to take advantage of technology to develop high-quality prefabricated building systems, and Autodesk products have always been core products in that effort from a design, manufacturing, and delivery perspective. As Project Frog's building system product evolved, their team found it necessary to build out their own in-house software to fully realize a scalable, mass-customized approach to industrialized construction. Integration with Autodesk products has and will always be an integral part of that technology development effort. That is what led to Project Frog's adoption of Autodesk Forge.
Autodesk Forge is Autodesk's collection of Application Program Interfaces (APIs) that the company uses to develop its own web services. As part of their Forge efforts, Autodesk shares those APIs (including documentation and code samples) with customers and 3rd party developers (the Forge community) that want to leverage years' worth of legacy and current data associated with projects. As a continuation of their development efforts, the Project Frog team is able to use cloud technologies to push tighter integration between their own internally developed web tools and core Autodesk applications (particularly around Revit and Fusion).
Project Frog developers capitalize on Autodesk cloud technology to create tools and workflows that are meeting new market demands as industrialized construction and manufacturing become a more integral part of AEC project workflows.
The Data Management API gives the Project Frog team a unified and consistent way to access data across projects and lets their application download and upload raw files (such as PDF, DWG, or RVT).
The Model Derivative API lets developers represent and share designs in different formats, as well as to extract valuable metadata into various object hierarchies. 60 different file input formats are supported. Project Frog developers are looking at this API in an R&D phase. They have successfully extracted simplified geometry and other metadata from their Revit library of Project Frog components. Their next steps will be to use the data to reconstruct the objects in a web-viewable format.
The Project Frog team's main focus is to translate their library of Project Frog prefabricated components and assemblies in a Revit environment to a web environment. In addition to displaying their components in their web tools, they persist critical component metadata for each part and piece that they manage in their library. The Model Derivative API allows them to extract that data from Revit and translate it into web-consumable content.
Project Frog's approach to prefabrication puts it in a unique position to manage data and workflow across numerous stakeholders including architects, engineers, general contractors, and manufacturers from early design through permitting, costing, manufacturing, and project delivery. Forge has made it possible for their developers to integrate data flow across project phases and disparate software workflows. The team has seen huge efficiency gains from design through project delivery — in some cases, reducing processes that used to take weeks, down to a few minutes. For example, using their web tools at MyProjectFrog.com, a user can create a unique building design with their building system in a few minutes, submit their design to Project Frog, and have a highly detailed Revit model back in as a fast as 10 minutes. At the same time, Project Frog has a complete set of structural calculations and a bill of materials for detailed costing. This allows Project Frog to deliver truly mass-customized prefabricated buildings at scale. Forge is an integral part of making that possible.


The Waikanae Chartered Club is committed to providing a venue where members, their guests and affiliated members can relax and enjoy a range of leisure and sporting activities in a friendly and safe environment.
The Club has a wide range of services and facilities that you are encouraged to be part of and enjoy. The Club is open 7 days per week for your use and enjoyment.
Members can arrange to have private functions at the club.


text:
Below are some of the issues we have recently consulted on and their outcomes.
Mayoral Development Corporation - Regenerating Stockport's Town Centre West
We Asked
Stockport's Town Centre West has the potential to be a new urban village of up to 3,000 new homes with complementary mixed use development and the social infrastructure required to support a significant increase in the residential population. Our proposal to create a Mayoral Development Corporation to lead the regeneration of the area came about in response to the Mayor's Town Centre Challenge and our urgent need to maximise the potential of brownfield sites to accommodate more housing in light of GM Spatial Framework. The MDC proposal also responds to Stockport Council's Town Centre Living agenda which looks to redefine Stockport's residential offer for existing and future communities and make the town centre a residential destination of choice.
The consultation on the creation of a Mayoral Development Corporation and associated proposals closed March 10, 2019 after an eight week period of public consultation.
During the consultation we asked a number of stakeholders, including local residents their views on a number of areas. Including –
Whether or not the development of a Mayoral Development Corporation would be the best way to drive forward long-term regeneration for Stockport's Town Centre West
Whether or not the creation of a Mayoral Development Corporation for the Town Centre West could lead to regeneration and improvements across the rest of Stockport Town Centre as a whole
Whether or not respondents felt that the proposed boundary of the Mayoral Development Corporation was appropriate
Whether people thought the name 'Stockport Town Centre West Mayoral Development Corporation' is an appropriate name for this MDC.
Whether people thought that the Mayoral Development Corporation should not have any planning functions in relation to granting discretionary rate relief.
We did a number of things during the consultation to help to promote it and make sure that the right people had the opportunity to contribute. This included –
Letters to 530 local residents and businesses in the area
Promotion of the consultation through Greater Manchester Combined Authorities communication networks; monthly newsletter to over 4,000 local residents, groups and organisations and social media posts.
Promotion of the consultation on Stockport Council's website and social media
Specific invites to respond to key consultees including MPs across Greater Manchester, Homes England, Environment Agency, Historic England, Network Rail, and Highways England
The consultation received 205 responses, 88.73% of which came from Stockport residents. 11 organisations responded to the consultation representing a variety of sectors and interests including the voluntary sector.
The overall consultation response to the proposed MDC was very positive. 78% of people either agreed or strongly agreed that the MDC was the best way to drive forward long term regeneration and 81% agreed that the MDC would support and improve Stockport town centre as a whole.
60% of respondents agreed that the proposed boundary for the Mayoral Development Corporation was appropriate and 47% agreed or strongly agreed with our proposal for planning powers and powers over discretionary business rate relief to remain with Stockport Council. Only 21% of respondents wanted to see planning and business rates powers granted to the MDC and but 36 comments from respondents argued that our proposals should go further, particularly in terms of the area the proposed MDC should cover.
The consultation responses were analysed and the overwhelmingly positive response informed the Mayor's decision to proceed with the creation of a MDC in Stockport. A report summarising the consultation exercise and result was submitted to Greater Manchester Combined Authority on March 29th recommending that GMCA consider the proposed MDC. No objections were received from the members of GMCA (which includes the Leader of Stockport Council) and the Mayor then notified the Secretary of State of his intention to proceed and asked Government to prepare the legislation required to formally create the MDC as an independent statutory organisation that will lead regeneration efforts.
In parallel with the formal legal process to create the MDC, Stockport Council (as the Local Planning Authority for the Mayoral Development area) is working up a Strategic Regeneration Framework (SRF) which will set out in detail how we think the area could be transformed over the long term to become Greater Manchester's newest, greenest, and coolest affordable urban neighbourhood. The regeneration framework is currently being finalised and will be published for public consultation over the summer to ensure that all stakeholders in the area have the opportunity to see, comment on, and influence the vision and the type of development that comes forward in the area.
Greater Manchester's Big Alcohol Conversation
We asked people across Greater Manchester to tell us about the role and impacts of alcohol in their communities.
We know that alcohol-related harm is costing Greater Manchester's public services over £1.3bn a year – the equivalent of £500 for every resident. And beyond the visible impacts, hidden harms are experienced by more people of all ages and backgrounds than is commonly recognised.
But alcohol plays an important part in our region's close communities and vibrant towns and cities. Our night life is celebrated around the world. The vast majority of people who drink enjoy doing so safely and responsibly.
This was not looking into people's individual behaviour. We wanted to find out what residents and businesses understand about the scale and nature of alcohol harm in our city region, and how – and indeed if – things should change when it comes to the way we drink.
Through broad engagement with the public, and targeted activities with more than 80 local voluntary, community and social enterprise (VCSE) organisations, more than 5000 people joined in the Big Alcohol Conversation.
We are now analysing everyone's contributions, through our online surveys, one-to-one interviews and focus groups.
What is immediately clear is that people see a wide range of issues linked to alcohol in their local areas, from crime and anti-social behaviour to homelessness to personal health issues. There is support for more action to tackle these impacts, and low awareness for measures already in place.
Later this year we will reveal the full results of our Big Alcohol Conversation, alongside the launch of a Greater Manchester 'Ambition for Alcohol'. This will be our statement of intent, co-designed by people across the city region.
Our ambition will set out how we could do things differently – whether through developing new policies or inspiring social change. And how together we could realise our vision for Greater Manchester as a place where everyone can have the best start in life, live well and age well, protected from the harms caused by alcohol.
Police funding 2019/20
We asked people whether they agreed with the Mayor and Deputy Mayor's proposal to raise the policing element of council tax by £24 per household over the course of the year.
This proposed funding would be used to:
Increase the police force by recruiting at least 320 officers; this would include:
220 neighbourhood police officers
50 police officers dedicated to policing the transport network
50 police officers to create a proactive forcewide team
Continue to improve the 101 service
Tackle serious and violent crimeTackle violence against women and girls
Increase, for 2019/20, the amount of funding allocated to the local authorities for community safety initiatives.
There were more than 850 responses to the consultation on GM Consult.
Feedback included:
59% support the proposal of a £24 increase of council tax – or believe it should be increased by more than £24 over the year
63% support the proposal to recruit 320 police officers
Additional comments include support for recruiting warranted police officers, not PCSOs, and a desire for an increase in visible police presence in neighbourhoods.
The proposal was presented at a special meeting of GMCA on 15 February 2019 by Deputy Mayor, Bev Hughes. The proposal, to increase the policing element of the council tax by £24, has been backed by the Police and Crime Panel.
The report and minutes from the Police and Crime Panel can be accessed here: https://www.gmcameetings.co.uk/meetings/meeting/645/police_and_crime_panel
The press release announcing the increase is available here: https://www.greatermanchester-ca.gov.uk/news/greater-manchester-communities-to-benefit-from-additional-police-officers/
Developing a Drug and Alcohol Strategy for Greater Manchester
This consultation asked for views on the vision, themes and commitments in the draft Greater Manchester Drug and Alcohol Strategy.
The proposed vision for the strategy was:
To make Greater Manchester a place where everyone can have the best start in life, live well and age well, safe from the harms caused by drugs and alcohol:
A place where children, young people and families have the best start in life and future generations grow up protected from the impact of drug and alcohol misuse.
A place where people who drink alcohol choose to do so responsibly and safely.
A place where people are empowered to avoid using drugs and alcohol to cope with adversity and the stresses and strains of life.
A place where our services and communities work together to build resilience and address the harms caused by drugs and alcohol.
A place where individuals who develop drug and alcohol problems can recover and live fulfilling lives in strong resilient communities.
The six themes for the strategy were:
Prevention and early intervention
Reducing drug and alcohol related harm
Building recovery in communities
Reducing drug and alcohol related crime and disorder
Managing availability and accessibility
Establishing diverse, vibrant and safe night time economies
Over 450 responses were received; of these:
92% of respondents agreed the vision was right (56% strongly agreed and 36% agree).
91% of respondents agreed the themes were right (46% strongly agreed and 45% agree).
The feedback made it clear that drugs and alcohol should be seen as everybody's business and that the focus should be on encouraging people to behave safely and responsibly. There was also support for our approach which emphasises people's strengths and assets and the need for services and communities to work together to address drug and alcohol problems inclusive of criminal related activity. Respondents welcomed that the strategy included children and young people and placed emphasis on prevention and early intervention.
There were some concerns expressed about whether we have the resources to deliver the strategy. These realistic concerns underline the need to continue the process of public sector reform that the strategy emphasises and ensure that all our services work better together.
There was also concern that the strategy does not give consider the specific needs of communities of identity and interest (e.g. sexuality, gender identity, ethnicity), therefore we have made sure this is considered in the main narrative of the strategy and will ensure it is a key feature in the strategy's implementation plan.
Many respondents took the opportunity to share that they feel unsafe at night in areas where pubs and clubs are concentrated and on public transport. Alongside this there was support for a conversation with businesses about responsible trading and social accountability with many saying we should require, enforce or regulate this.
Our vision and themes were positively received and are contained in full in the final version of the Greater Manchester Drug and Alcohol Strategy which was approved by the Greater Manchester Combined Authority on 29 March 2019. It combines emphasis on addressing the underlying causes of drug and alcohol problems, ensuring that the information we provide around drug and alcohol use is accurate and credible, and reducing stigma that may deter those with problems from seeking help.
The final strategy can be accessed here:
https://www.gmcameetings.co.uk/meetings/meeting/668/greater_manchester_combined_authority
A consultation on Greater Manchester's Cultural Strategy
We asked people for their views on three broad areas within the draft Cultural Strategy. These were -
People - Health, Ageing and Families
Promote the importance of engagement across the life-course, recognising the value of intergenerational relationships and exchange in enriching lives and increasing levels of participation.
Capitalise on Greater Manchester's status as the UK's first age-friendly city region, enabling and promoting later life creativity and talent.
Champion culture's role in improving health and wellbeing, capitalising on opportunities offered by the devolution of health and social care.
Empower our residents to take responsibility for their own creativity by improving the visibility of opportunities and removing identified barriers to engagement.
Create a joined-up approach to volunteering in the cultural sector, recognising the benefits of volunteering on people's health and wellbeing.
Economy - Education, Skills and Jobs
Advocate for the importance of engagement with culture in ensuring our young people are school ready.
Ensure that cultural education, inside and outside of the curriculum is accessible to all young people, regardless of background.
Create a GM-wide approach to ensuring our residents have the skills required to drive and contribute to the growth of the cultural sector.
Work with employers in the cultural sector and creative industries to develop and promote good jobs and opportunities that pay fairly and are meaningful.
Work with cultural organisations and artists to develop entrepreneurial activities that improve the sustainability and strength of the sector.
Capitalise on our position at the heart of the Northern Powerhouse, working with partners across the North to strengthen and promote our collective offer and ensure that Greater Manchester is a world leader for Arts and Culture.
Work with our Universities to build Greater Manchester's reputation as an international centre of excellence in research and knowledge about the creative and cultural industries.
Place - Regeneration, Environment and Communities
Empower and support cultural organisations, artists and communities to understand and advocate for the intrinsic value of culture to a place and its role in articulating identity and attracting investment.
Work with cultural organisations to ensure that all venues in Greater Manchester are safe, accessible, and welcoming to all.
Create opportunities for people to reflect on, and forge their place in the world, locally, nationally and internationally and use culture to develop and promote social and community cohesion.
Promote the diverse and distinctive cultural offer in Greater Manchester, from clusters of activity in our city and town centres, to more dispersed activity taking place in our rural and semi-rural communities.
Recognise the importance of creativity in the planning of our places, from ensuring culture is considered in spatial planning, to promoting the importance of good design in the public realm.
Work with Marketing Manchester, GM's Night Time Economy Adviser and UK Music to cement and promote culture's position at the heart of Greater Manchester's visitor and night time economy.
There were more than 200 responses to the consultation. Feedback was received from the online consultation, emailed responses, face-to-face consultation sessions and from members of the GM Culture and Social Impact Monitoring Committee and GM Economy, Business and Growth Scrutiny Committee.
Feedback and recurring comments which have shaped the final document included -
Need for greater clarity on the purpose of the strategy and how it will be delivered
Need for clearer narrative about the definition of culture for the purpose of the strategy
Need for heritage to feature more prominently
Need for reduction in number of priorities – first draft aimed to do too much
Need to be clearer on what success might look like
Need to be more explicit in how culture links to other portfolio areas
Need for strategy to be more 'distinctly GM'
Greater resident voice
What are the opportunities and challenges distinct to GM?
What specific powers to we have at our disposal to achieve our vision?
Need for an implementation plan to understand what activity might be delivered
We have incorporated the feedback and the final proposed version of the Cultural Strategy is going to the Combined Authority on the Friday, March 29, 2019 to be approved.
Developing a Good Employment Charter for Greater Manchester
Building on our first consultation on the development of a Good Employment Charter, which took place in Spring 2018, we asked for views on the Charter model that had been developed up to that point. This included:
The suitability of the proposed tiers of the Charter:
How Charter membership is assessed
How the success of the Charter will be evaluated
Feedback was received from the online consultation, emailed and posted responses, face-to-face consultation sessions with employers across the city-region and from members of the Greater Manchester Economy, Business and Growth Scrutiny Committee and Business Advisory Panel.
Feedback and recurring comments about the Charter included:
More than 95% of consultees thought that employers should be able to sign up as Supporters of the Charter.
More than 90% agreed or strongly agreed with the proposal for Membership of the
Charter.
More than 95% agreed or strongly agreed with the proposal for Charter Advocates.
The need for a stronger and clearer narrative around diversity and inclusion within the Charter.
The need for clarity around the flexible working characteristics and what this meant for zero hours contracts.
The need for clarity around whether the criteria for Charter membership must be met across an organisation or only for employees based in Greater Manchester.
Discussion of the role of well-being in the Charter.
Points around the relevance of the Charter to workers, as well as direct employees.
The importance of marketing and creating a brand for the Charter.
The potential role of 'anchor' institutions in spreading the Charter to supply chains.
Ways in which the Charter could be evaluated.
A large number of proposed sources of support for employers.
Based on the feedback received we have further developed the Good Employment Charter model and addressed a number of the comments raised. The model itself was agreed by the Combined Authority at its meeting on 1st March 2019:
https://www.gmcameetings.co.uk/download/meetings/id/4279/12_gm_good_employment_charter
Developing Good Jobs and Growth: Greater Manchester's Local Industrial Strategy
This consultation asked respondents to consider how Greater Manchester can create a more productive and inclusive economy, where all residents can benefit from and contribute to the city-region's growth. Specifically, consultees were asked to give their views on the following:
What the main focus of our local industrial strategy should be
What our globally competitive strengths and main growth assets are
What support is needed to grow the economy
How we ensure all residents can access opportunities
How we capitalise on the opportunities created by global changes such as decarbonisation and digitalisation
We received feedback via the online consultation, face-to-face consultation sessions, emailed and posted responses and via the Greater Manchester Economy, Business and Growth Scrutiny Committee, Business Advisory Panel and Local Enterprise Partnership. Feedback on the strategy included:
Strong agreement that Greater Manchester has global strengths in health innovation and advanced materials.
The need to ensure that high employment sectors are not neglected in the strategy.
The need to help residents develop careers; not just obtain qualifications.
The need to join-up skills provision across the life course.
The need to promote increased collaboration between business and universities.
The need to embrace the role of hospitals and the health system in driving business innovation.
The need to prioritise Investment in public transport.
The need for additional hospitals, schools and housing investment.
The need for new sites of economic growth.
The positive impact of business support in Greater Manchester and the need for it to be marketed in a more joined-up way.
The need for social enterprise to feature in the strategy.
The importance of Manchester Airport as a significant asset for the city-region.
The importance of education and skills provision in improving Greater Manchester's economic performance.
We have utilised the comments and feedback from this consultation exercise extensively in the drafting of our Local Industrial Strategy. We are now working with Government to develop the document further and expect to launch the final strategy later in Spring 2019.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Enterococcus hirae infection is extremely rare in humans. In this paper, we describe a case of Enterococcus hirae spondylodiscitis complicated with anterior epidural abscess and multiple psoas abscesses in a 55-year-old man with diabetes mellitus. Despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy, surgery was required. This is the first reported case of spondylodiscitis due to this microorganism. Only two other case reports of human infection by E. hirae are available in the medical literature worldwide.


Exposure time is the period over which the test agent is administered; if administration was 5 times a week for 40 weeks, for example, the exposure time is 40 weeks. Experiment time is the total time on test; it is not the age of the animals. It is measured from the start of the experiment to the time of death of the last dosed animal. Both times are always reported in the same units. When both are less than 100 weeks, exposure and experiment time are reported as "w" for weeks; when greater than this, "m" for months is used. For tests in long-lived experimental animals like dogs and nonhuman primates, "y" for years may also be used. When exposure time and experiment time are equal, then the duration of dosing was for the entire experiment. Additional information about dosage in the units administered, the pattern of dosing, and survival for each experiment is reported in the Supplementary Dataset.


text:
Blueprints & Statements
Papers & Articles
National Water Reform
Science Program
information@wentworthgroup.org
Wentworth Group of Concerned Scientists
Suite 4, 3B Macquarie Street
Sydney NSW Australia 2000
As an independent scientific group we are funded entirely from donors who are passionate about the long term conservation of Australia's natural environment.
Your support will allow us to continue to be a trusted source of independent, expert advice for governments, businesses and communities in Australia.
If you would like to contribute to our programs by making a tax-deductible donation, please contact us or send a cheque payable to the Wentworth Group of Concerned Scientists with your name and address.
The Wentworth Group thanks the Purves Environmental Fund for its generous and ongoing financial support.
We also thank The Ian Potter Foundation, the Australian Environmental Grantmakers Network, as well as individual donors for supporting our work in water and landscape conservation.
The Wentworth Group thanks Baker & McKenzie for the provision of pro-bono legal advice.
The Group also gratefully acknowledges the considerable assistance from a range of experts and specialists who donate their time and contribute their expertise to our work.
We are an independent group of scientists and professionals, working to secure the long-term health of Australia's land, water and biodiversity.
© Wentworth Group of Concerned Scientists | Privacy Policy


I don't know why you would want to watch this either.
As the fourth season of Jersey Shore creeps upon us like red tide, and we learn more about Bridge & Tunnel, a precursor MTV show that the Shore's guido-monsters ate, let us remember how hyperventilating poofball Snooki came to be.
Earlier this year, she told TV Guide that she'd become involved by responding to a "guido" casting call on Facebook. "I decided to try out because the show was definitely about my lifestyle and how I am," she has said. But before she was shipped off to Seaside Heights to six other greasy cartoons, Polizzi was the main character in an episode of MTV's inverse-matchmaking reality show Is She Really Going Out With Him? Her July 2009 installment casts the Poughkeepsie native as a "Garden State princess" in a dumb relationship with a "Jerz Pud" who apparently has a weiner that is always popping out of his pants. While that is quite delightful, the real highpoint has to be the awkwardly contrived heart-to-heart she has while inexplicably tending to a farting horse. Yes, this is why the DeBartoli sisters are not rich.


text:
Posts Tagged 'spotlight'
ShowbuzzDaily SUMMER MOVIE DRAFT: July 29 Update
One slate had a significant gain this week: Team Weil was up $180 million over the last seven days to $734 million, vaulting into second place. The Dark Knight Rises accounted for most of that increase, although Ice Age 4 ...
WEEKLY BOX OFFICE ACTUALS & YEAR TO DATE: July 23-29
A fairly forgettable week at the box office — two new films open to little business and Dark Knight Rises continues to lead the pack, although at a significantly slower pace than its predecessor The Dark Knight. The Past ...
Broadcast Network Weekly & Summer Averages: The Amazing Power of the Olympics
Based on fast nationals for Friday-Sunday and official national ratings for Monday-Thursday, the week of July 23-29 of course goes to NBC by a mile — but the network's weekly average this past week is just a taste o...
The Sked: Summer Olympics Ratings Day 3
Last night, NBC averaged a preliminary 11.4 rating with Adults 18-49 in prime time. This edges the Beijing rating for the same night, which itself towered over the other recent summer Games. Last night the NBC rating peaked...
INTERNATIONAL BOX OFFICE through July 29
Overseas box office for The Dark Knight Rises has risen to $248 million to date, up from $88 million at this time last week. The ultimate overseas number could hit $490 million, up somewhat from $469 million for The Dark K...
SHOWBUZZDAILY WEEKEND BOXOFFICE SCORECARD – 7/29/12
THE DARK KNIGHT RISES (Warners) did indeed have a big Saturday, as the preliminary numbers estimated–up 40% from Friday and fueling what should be a $63-65M 2d weekend, down about 60% from the opening. It continu...
WEEKEND STUDIO ESTIMATES July 27-29: Dark Knight Rises Slays the Openers But Still Consistently Lags Behind the Dark Knight
The Dark Knight Rises is now looking like a $64.1 million second weekend, down 60% from last weekend's opening. (The second weekend looks stronger than it appeared yesterday morning, but it still is significantly behind...
The Sked: Summer Olympics Ratings Night 2 — Solid But Not Record Breaking
The second night of the London Summer Olympics (and the first night of competition featuring Beach Volleyball, Men's Gymnastics Qualifying, and Swimming — including the official changing of the guard as Michael Phel...
SHOWBUZZDAILY BOXOFFICE: Early Weekend Report – 7/28/12
Last night's preliminary numbers for THE DARK KNIGHT RISES (Warners) turned out to be unduly optimistic, so the currently promising estimates for Saturday should be taken, for now, with a modicum of salt. Accordi...
THE SKED'S FALL PILOT REPORT: NBC's "The New Normal"
THE NEW NORMAL: Tuesday 9:30PM starting September 11 on NBC -If Nothing Else Is On… Disclaimer: Network pilots now in circulation are not necessarily in the form that will air in the Fall. Pilots are often reedited...
SHOWBUZZDAILY FRIDAY BOXOFFICE SCORECARD – 7/27/12
How much of Friday's mediocre boxoffice is attributable to a post-Aurora uneasiness about going to multiplexes, how much to competition from the most watched Olympics Opening Ceremonies in history, and how much to ...
The Sked: Olympic Opening Ceremony Ratings: Early Fast Nationals Indicate Huge Success for NBC
The prime time portion of the Opening Ceremony of the London Olympics averaged a stunning 12.4 rating with Adults 18-49, blowing away last year's 10.3 rating from Beijing (which was very good for an Olympics not hosted by...
FRIDAY JULY 27 BOX OFFICE RESULTS
The 30th weekend of 2012 is looking like a weak $119 million for the Top 12 films Friday-Sunday, down 30% from the same weekend last year. The Dark Knight Rises continues to fall significantly off the pace of 2008's The...
SHOWBUZZDAILY BOXOFFICE: Early Friday Numbers
THE DARK KNIGHT RISES (Warners) remained effortlessly in front for a 2d straight weekend, according to preliminary Friday numbers at Deadline. Rises earned another $20M on Friday, bringing it to $245M in 8 days, and a ...
THE SKED: Thursday Scripted Cable Scorecard – 7/26/12
USA: Another strong night for the BURN NOTICE/SUITS duo. Burn, which uncharacteristically featured the killing of a major recurring character, was the highest-rated show on cable with 1.4 in 18-49s (slightly up from ...
Page 618 of 637« First‹ Previous615616617618619620621Next ›Last »


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{section:intro}
Multi-turn response selection is a task that selects the best response among given candidates for a given dialogue context. Response selection models have recently shown comparable performance to humans~\citep{cui2020mutual} in the several in-domain/held-out benchmarks~\citep{lowe2015ubuntu,zhang2018personalizing,dinan2020second}. However, in the actual service environment, these models are often found to have weaknesses. For example, the model gives the highest score to the wrong response, which has high word overlap with the context~\citep{yuan2019multi} or semantically similar to the context~\citep{whang2021response}.

Held-out evaluation often overestimates the real-world performance of the model~\citep{ribeiro2020beyond}, so adversarial datasets for evaluating weaknesses have been constructed for each task, such as NLI~\citep{naik2018stress,mccoy2019right}, and MRC~\citep{jia2017adversarial, rajpurkar2018know}. A framework for comprehensively evaluating the general linguistic abilities of the model was also studied~\citep{ribeiro2020beyond}.

Several works evaluated adversarial cases for the response selection task~\cite{yuan2019multi, whang2021response}. However, they just automatically generate adversarial responses by copying words in the context. In this study, we analyze the weaknesses of the various aspects of the open-domain Korean Multi-turn Response Selection models and construct an adversarial dataset manually. A total of 2,220 test cases are constructed, and each test case are classified by type.

\begin{comment}
\begin{table}[]
{\small
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{lcc}
\hline
\multicolumn{1}{l}{\textbf{Context}} \\
\hline
\multicolumn{3}{l}{\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}{[}A{]} What are you going to do this weekend?\\ {[}B{]} \emph{I will go hiking with my friend.}\\ {[}A{]} Hiking?\end{tabular}} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Response}}                                       & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Score}}                        & \textbf{Label}                        \\ \hline
\multicolumn{1}{l|}{Yes. that's my hobby.}                                   & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.8242}                                & 1                                     \\
\multicolumn{1}{l|}{\emph{I will go hiking with my friend.}}                        & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{0.9998}                                & 0                                     \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
}
\caption{An example of the adversarial case. Label 1 means correct response, and score is predicted by the fine-tuned BERT model.}
\end{table}
\end{comment}
Neural networks do not generalize well to such an adversarial setting because they tend to use superficial patterns and spurious correlation of the dataset overly, which makes models biased\citep{clark2019don, nam2020learning}. Thus, various debiasing methods have been studied to alleviate this phenomenon~\citep{he2019unlearn, utama2020mind}. In this study, we show that debasing method is also effective in adeversarial evaluation for multi-turn response selection task.

\begin{table*}[t]
\label{table:adv}
{\small
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c|l|l|c}
\hline
\textbf{Type}                                                    & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Context}}                                                                                & \multicolumn{1}{c|}{\textbf{Adversarial Response}} & \textbf{\# cases} \\ \hline
Repetition                                                       & {[}A{]} I'm hungry / {[}B{]} What do you want to eat?                                                                                & I'm hungry                                         & 400               \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Negation\\ \end{tabular}    & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}{[}A{]} Wrap up before you go outside / {[}B{]} Why?\\ {[}A{]} It's freezing cold.\end{tabular}                                        & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}} Yes, indeed. it's \textbf{not} that cold \\ today. \end{tabular}           & 454               \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Tense\\ \end{tabular}       & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}{[}A{]} I can't wait to watch "Joker" / {[}B{]} I watched the movie.\\ It was really impressive. / {[}A{]} Wow! I should watch it.\end{tabular} & You really enjoy\textbf{ed} it.                             & 158               \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Subject-\\ Object\end{tabular}        & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}{[}A{]} I'm in love with BTS / {[}B{]} Why do you like them\\ so much? / {[}A{]} $\phi$(their) Songs are great\end{tabular}                                    & Thanks (for complimenting me)                      & 374               \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Lexcial \\ Contradiction\end{tabular} & {[}A{]} It's freezing \textbf{cold} today.                                                                                & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}} Yes, indeed. It's way too \textbf{hot} \\ out today. \end{tabular}           & 254               \\ \hline
\begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Interrogative\\ Word\end{tabular}   & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}{[}A{]} I saw Jennie today / {[}B{]} What does she look like? /\\ {[}A{]} $\phi$(she) Looks so pretty\end{tabular}                                     & \textbf{Who}'s so pretty?                                   & 236               \\ \hline
Topic                                                          & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}l@{}}{[}A{]} Isn't the \textbf{weather} nice today? / {[}B{]} Oh, is it?\\ {[}A{]} Yeah, it's sunny and warm.\end{tabular}                                   & Bring your \textbf{umbrella} with you.                      & 344               \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
}
\caption{Examples of adversarial data for each type. $\phi$ denotes a zero anaphora in Korean.}
\end{table*}

In the retrieval-based chatbot system where response selection is used, response candidates are composed as follows. All utterances in the database are used as response candidates~\citep{humeau2019poly}, or part of them filtered through search engines are used~\citep{zhou2020design}. To filter the candidates, machine learning-based embeddings or word-level similarity algorithms(e.g., BM25), which also have weaknesses in an adversarial setting, are used~\citep{zhou2020design}. Therefore, almost every time a response is selected by the actual system, adversarial cases are included in the candidates. Thus, robustness to adversarial cases is more important for response selection task. We also construct a real environment test set and experiment that the model robust to an adversarial case has high performance in the real environment.

\section{Adversarial Test Dataset}
\label{section:dataseet}

We analyze the incorrect responses in the internal service log and categorize the types of frequent errors. There are a total of seven types, and details of each type are as follows.

\textbf{Repetition} An incorrect response repeating one of the utterances in the context.

\textbf{Negation}  A negation is either added to or omitted from a correct response, generating an erroneous response with reversed affirmative or negative meaning. A test set for a negation error intentionally generates a negative response by adding or removing '안' or '못', which are negative adverbs in Korean (short-form negation) or '-지 않다,' '-지 못하다, ' or '-지 말다' which are negative auxiliary predicates in Korean (Long-form negation) in order to test whether the model understands such semantic reversal.

\textbf{Tense} A morpheme or expression marking tense is added to or removed from a correct response, generating an erroneous response in tense that is inconsistent with the given context. A test set for tense errors adds or replaces morphemes or expressions marking the future tense such as '-겠-,'  or ones marking the past tense such as'-었-' to test whether the model fully understands the context disconnection triggered by such tense change.

\textbf{Subject-Object}  A test set for subject-object errors generates a response inconsistent with the context due to confusion of the subject and object for a certain action. In particular, since zero anaphora can be found frequently in Korean sentences, incorrect responses are often made because of a failure in identifying the hidden subject of the previous context. This test set uses a subject or an object differently from the ones used in a correct response to examine whether the model fully understands the context disconnection caused by such errors.

\textbf{Lexical Contradiction} A key lexicon of a correct response is replaced with one that holds either conflicting or opposite meaning against the said key lexicon, generating an incorrect response. A test set for lexical contradiction errors replaces a key lexicon in a sentence with an antonym (e.g. hot vs cold) or a word that cannot be used instead (e.g. rain vs snow) to check whether the model understands the precise meaning of such lexicon.

\textbf{Interrogative Word} A test set for interrogative word errors generates a response in a form of 5W1H questions to ask for information that has already been explicitly or implicitly shared in previous dialogues.

\textbf{Topic} A key sentence or vocabulary is replaced with another sentence or term that does not fit in the previous context even though they frequently appear together in the given topic. While this error is similar to the lexical contradiction error to a certain extent, the replacement words used in this test do not hold conflicting or opposite meanings but instead have less semantic relevance to the context of the previous dialogue (e.g. sunny vs umbrella). The test set assesses whether a model fully understands the fact that while the replacement vocabulary is the one that is frequently used in the same given topic, the response does not correctly reflect the context of the previous dialogue.

Five annotators generate a total of 200 dialogue sessions. For each session $i$, annotators create two correct responses and an arbitrary number($M_i$) of incorrect responses based on the instruction described above. All sessions and responses are reviewed and filtered by experts. We set up one test case to consist of context, one correct response, and one incorrect response. Therefore, $2*M_i$ test cases were extracted for each session, and a total of 2,220 test cases are constructed. It evaluates whether the model gives the correct answer a higher score than the incorrect one for a given context. Statistics and examples are described in Table 1. We release this data set at \url{https://github.com/kakaoenterprise/KorAdvMRSTestData}.
\section{Method}
Suppose that dataset is $D=\left\{(c_i,r_i,y_i)\right\}_{i=1}^{N}$, where $c_i$ denotes a dialogue context, $r_i$ is a response utterance, and $y_i \in \left\{0,1 \right\}$ is a label. The context $c_i=\left\{u_{i,1}, u_{i,2}, ..., u_{i,k_i}\right\}$ consists of sequence of $k_i$ utterances. The label $y_i=1 $ means that $r_i$ is sensible response for context $c_i$.

\subsection{Baseline: Fine-tuning BERT}
\label{section:baseline}
We adopt fine-tuning BERT~\citep{devlin2019bert} as a baseline. In this work, similar to the previous works that fine-tuned BERT for the Multi-turn Response Selection task~\citep{gu2020speaker, whang2020effective, han2021fine}, the input token sequence of BERT $x_i$ is composed as follows.
\begin{equation}\label{eq1}
\begin{aligned}
    x_i = [CLS] u_{i,1} [EOU] ... u_{i,k_{i}} [EOU] [SEP] \\
    r_i [EOU] [SEP]
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
The [EOU] is a special token indicating that the utterance is over. The final output hidden vector of the [CLS] token in BERT is fed into a fully connected layer with softmax activation. Then, the BERT is fine-tuned to minimize cross entropy loss between the target label and output of this layer.

\subsection{Debiasing Strategy}
\label{section:deb}
In general, correct dialogue response utilizes keywords or topics in the context. Neural networks tend to use such superficial patterns(e.g., keyword, topic) overly, which makes models biased~\citep{clark2019don, nam2020learning}. We see this bias as the main cause of the response selection model's vulnerability to an adversarial environment. Thus, we experimented by applying various debiasing techniques to the response selection task, and DRiFt~\citep{he2019unlearn} was the most effective. The main concept of the debiasing strategy we used is to train a debiased model to fit the residual of the biased model, focusing on examples that cannot be predicted well by biased features only~\citep{he2019unlearn}. Details of the method using DRiFt are as follows.

\begin{figure}[t]\label{figure1}
\label{figure:architecture}
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figures/architecture_v2.png}
\caption{Overall architecture for training debiased model utilizing biased model. The grey line represents that gradient is backpropagated only to the debiased model.}
\end{figure}

First, we train an auxiliary biased model using only biased features. The biased model is a single fully connected layer with softmax activation and trained with cross-entropy loss. The biased feature vector used as an input $\phi_i$ is as follows.
\begin{equation}\label{eq2}
\begin{aligned}
\phi_i = [JS_{morph}(c_i,r_i), JS_{morph}(u_{i,k_i},r_i), \\
JS_{wordpiece}(c_i,r_i), JS_{wordpiece}(u_{i,k_i},r_i)]
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
We use the Jaccard similarity($JS$) between the whole context($c_i$) and response($r_i$) as input features. We also use the JS between the last utterance($u_{i,k_i}$) and $r_i$, because the last utterance is most important~\citep{zhang2018modeling, ma2019triplenet}. We use two tokenizers: the WordPiece~\citep{wu2016google}, and the morpheme analyzer. We assume that these words overlap feature could capture keyword and topic bias.

Second, we train a debiased model utilizing a biased model, as shown in Figure 1. The overall structure of the debiased model is the same as the baseline, but only the learning scheme is different. Let $\textbf{b}$ is output hidden vector of the biased model,  $\textbf{d}$ is output hidden vector of the debiased model, $p_b=softmax(\textbf{b})$, and $p_d=softmax(\textbf{d})$. DRiFt method minimize cross entropy loss between $p_a=softmax(\textbf{b}+\textbf{d})$ and target labels. Thus, the loss function is defined as follows.

\begin{table*}[t]
\begin{minipage}{.52\linewidth}
    {\small
    \begin{tabular}{c|c|c|ccc}
    \hline
    \multicolumn{1}{l|}{} & Train & Val & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}In-domain\\ Test\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Adv\\ Test\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Real\\ Test\end{tabular} \\ \hline
    \# pairs              & 500K  & 10K & 10K                                                      & 4,440                                              & 5,490                                               \\
    \# cands              & 2     & 10  & 10                                                       & 2                                                  & 10                                                  \\
    pos:neg               & 1:1   & 1:9 & 1:9                                                      & 1:1                                                & 4.4:5.6                                             \\
    \# turns              & 4.6   & 4.5 & 4.6                                                      & 2.9                                                & 3.3                                                 \\ \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \label{table:dataset}
    \caption{Statistics for each dataset.}
    }
\end{minipage}
\begin{minipage}{.48\linewidth}
     {\small
    \begin{tabular}{r|ccc}
    \hline
    Method & In-domain & Adversarial & Real Env. \\ \hline
    baseline              & 86.4±0.5  & 39.4±1.7    & 36.2±0.9     \\
    +deb           & 85.4±0.7  & 43.5±2.3    & 36.5±0.6     \\
    +UMS                  & \textbf{87.5±0.7}  & 42.9±2.5    & 38.8±0.6     \\
    +UMS+deb      & 87.0±0.7  & \textbf{47.2±2.1}    & \textbf{40.4±0.7}    \\
    \hline
    \end{tabular}
    \label{table:peformance}
    \caption{Overall performance of each method.}
    }
\end{minipage}
\end{table*}

\begin{table*}[!hpt]
{\small
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{c|ccccccc}
\hline
Type     & Repetition & Negation & Tense    & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Subject\\ -Object\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Lexical \\ Contradiction\end{tabular} & \begin{tabular}[c]{@{}c@{}}Interrogative \\ Word\end{tabular} & Topic    \\ \hline
baseline & 12.9±2.5   & 36.1±2.3 & 41.8±2.3 & 55.0±1.9                                                  & 41.1±1.8                                                         & 46.1±2.2                                                      & 50.7±1.8 \\
+deb     & 26.2±5.1   & \textbf{40.6±2.8} & 43.0±2.6 & 56.2±1.9                                                  & \textbf{43.9±1.6}                                                         & 45.5±3.2                                                      & 51.8±1.9 \\
+UMS     & 26.2±6.2   & 34.5±1.8 & 45.3±2.0 & 61.2±2.9                                                  & 41.6±3.1                                                         & \textbf{46.4±2.0}                                                      & 51.1±1.6 \\
+UMS+deb & \textbf{40.0±5.4}   & 38.5±1.1 & \textbf{46.9±2.3} & \textbf{63.9±3.0}                                                  & 43.3±1.7                                                         & 45.9±2.6                                                      & \textbf{52.8±1.7} \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}
}
\caption{Performance for each adversarial type.}

\end{table*}

\begin{equation}\label{eq3}
\begin{aligned}
Loss = -\log{p_a(y_i)} = \\ -\log{p_b(y_i)} -\log{p_d(y_i)}+\log{\sum_{l=0}^{L-1} {p_b(l)p_d(l)}}
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
$L$ is the number of classification classes(2 for this task). The gradient is backpropagated only to the debiased model. The last term encourages output from the debiased model $p_d$, to have minimal projection on output from the biased model $p_b$~\citep{he2019unlearn}. Derivation of equation \ref{eq3} is in Appendix A. At test time, only debiased model is used.

\subsection{Combination with Multi-task Learning}
\label{section:UMS}
Recently, self-supervised learning approaches have shown state-of-the-art performance in the response selection task~\citep{whang2021response,xu2021learning}. These works devise auxiliary tasks to understand the dialogue better and train the model in a multi-task manner. The final loss function in these methods is the weighted sum of losses of auxiliary tasks and main task (i.e., determine given response is a sensible response to the context). Thus, debiasing strategy could be easily combined with these methods by replacing the loss function of the main task with equation \ref{eq3}. We also experiment with self-supervised learning approach UMS~\citep{whang2021response}, and we show that it is also effective in not only in-domain but also adversarial and real environments.

\section{Experiments and Results}

\subsection{Experiment Setup}
We construct an experimental dataset using the corpus that we produced in-house and the public Korean dialogue corpus\footnote{\url{https://corpus.korean.go.kr}}. We split these corpora into three, and each is for training, validation, and test. Statistics of each dataset are described in Table 2. \#pairs denote the number of context-response pairs, \#cands denotes the number of candidates per context, pos:neg denotes the ratio of positive and negative responses in candidates, and \#turns denote the average turns per context. Details on the construction are as follows.

\textbf{Train, valid, and in-domain test} The last utterance of the dialogue session is used as a positive response and the rest as context. Negative responses are randomly chosen from the other dialogue.

\textbf{Adversarial test} It is described in the Section~\ref{section:dataseet}.

\textbf{Real environment test} In a real environment, response candidates are not sampled randomly but are sampled through a search system~\citep{zhou2020design}, or all utterances without sampling are used as candidates~\citep{humeau2019poly}. There are many adversarial negatives in this situation, as described in Section~\ref{section:intro}. We build a dataset by simulating this situation in a similar way to the previous works~\citep{wu2017sequential, zhang2018modeling}.

We take a dialogue session from the test corpus and internal service log as context. We trained a bi-encoder-based context and response embedding model~\citep{humeau2019poly} and indexed embeddings of all utterances in the corpus. Then, we retrieve the top 10 utterances based on the similarity score between context embedding as response candidates. For each response, three annotators labeled whether it is sensible to the context. The response determined by more than two people as sensible was selected as the positive response.

\subsection{Results}
We measure the performance ten times for each model and report the mean and standard deviation in Table 3. See Appendix B for details of training. The baseline is a fine-tuned BERT described in Section~\ref{section:baseline}. "deb" denotes a debiasing strategy described in Section~\ref{section:deb}. UMS denotes a self-supervised multi-task learning method described in Section~\ref{section:UMS}. Precision@1 is used as an evaluation metric for all test sets.

Debiasing strategy significantly improves adversarial test performance in both baseline and UMS model; it achieves absolute improvements of 4.1\% and 4.3\% on baseline and UMS. A decline in performance is observed in the in-domain test; -1.0\% and -0.5\% on baseline and UMS, as the DRiFt debiasing method~\citep{he2019unlearn} shows a slight performance degradation in the in-domain test. However, It improves performance in the comprehensive real environment test; +0.3\% and +1.6\% on baseline and UMS. This supports our argument that robustness to adversarial cases is important in the response selection task. Additionally, +UMS+deb outperforms +deb in all test set. From this, it can be seen that the debiasing strategy and UMS have a synergistic effect.

The performance of each adversarial type is reported in Table 4. Since we used word-level Jacard Similarity as a biased feature, the debiasing strategy shows huge performance improvement in the Repetition type, which simply uses word sequence in context as a negative response. There is no improvement in the Interrogative Word type. We assume that the reason for it is that this type is difficult because it requires understanding all 5W1H from the context.

\section{Conclusion}
We analyze the weaknesses of the open-domain Korean Multi-turn Response Selection models and publish an adversarial dataset to evaluate these weaknesses. We suggest a strategy to build a robust model to an adversarial and real environment with the experimental results. We expect that this work and dataset will help improve the response selection model.

\section{Ethical Considerations}
The adversarial dataset we publish is generated manually. All sessions and responses in the dataset are reviewed and filtered by the experts, and we also considered ethical issues in this process. Thus, there is no hate speech or privacy issue in our dataset.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: Subclass Python list with all elements of the same type I'm looking for a way to make a subclass of list where all elements are of the same type.  I don't need a fully generic implementation, as described in this answer.
What I'd like is something roughly equivalent to the following code (using typing):
class NumberParty(list[int]):
    def __str__(self) -> str:
        "".join([str(x) for x in self])

    def total(self) -> int:
        return sum(self)

The reason I want this class instead of using List[int] annotations is that I use the __str__ method described above in multiple places and want to eliminate the copied lines of code.

As a bonus question, would it be wise to overload __init__ in something similar to the following code?
__init__(self, *numbers: int):
    self = numbers
__init__(self, nums: Iterable[int]):
    self = list(nums)

The first way would be for directly creating a new NumberParty instance while the second would create one from an existing list or set of integers.

A: Unless I'm misunderstanding your question, just doing:
from typing import List

class NumberParty(List[int]):
    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return "".join([str(x) for x in self])

    def total(self) -> int:
        return sum(self)

...should just work.
Note that inheriting from List[int] is essentially the same as inheriting from list -- the only difference is that type checkers will understand what your custom class is supposed to contain and verify you're using methods like append(...) in a type safe way.
However, there is no difference at runtime, and you can still freely ignore your type checker and append strs or whatever, just like how you Python lets you append strs to regular lists that are annotated to be of type List[int].
And since this class is a subtype of List[int], code snippets like the below should type check:
def expect_list(x: List[int]) -> None: pass

def expect_number_party(x: NumberParty) -> None: pass

n = NumberParty()

# Both type checks
expect_list(n)
expect_number_party(n)

Regarding your question about overriding __init__ -- you'll need to call the super constructor if you decide to take that route to ensure the class is set up properly.

A: Idea
I don't know. If I understood what you asked or not
What I got from your question is: You want an Array
As Marcos said in comments.
And also adding a whole NumPy library to your dependencies for just an array is overkill.
What you need is to make a list-like object which uses a list for storing things and
and a public API and several 'magic functions' for making it work like a list (with the filters you want).
Code
from typing import Iterable, optional

class NumberParty:
    def __init__(self, iterable: optional[Iterable] = ()):
        self._inner = [].extend(iterable)

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self._inner[item]

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        if not isinstance(value, int):
            raise ValueError("NumberParty only accepts integers")
        self._inner[key] = value

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._inner)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self._inner)

    def append(self, i: int) -> None:
        if not isinstance(i, int):
            raise ValueError("NumberParty only accepts integers")
        self._inner.append(i)

    def insert(self, index: int, i: int) -> None:
        if not isinstance(i, int):
            raise ValueError("NumberParty only accepts integers")

        self.inner[index] = i

    def extend(self, __iterable: Iterable[int]) -> None:
        # Itering through it to check every value
        for i in __iterable:
            if not isinstance(i, int):
                raise ValueError("NumberParty only accepts integers")
            self.append(i)

Please be careful that this NumberParty is not complete
Operations like:
+ - / % * += -= /= %= *= are not implemented but are implemented in original list (plus several public functions which are not implemented here)
Tip for completing this NumberParty object
This Class can be a wrapper around the list object. Waiting for you to complete it ;)
In case you just want type-checkers to show a warning Michael0x2a answer works.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Final Fantasy I was first released in Japan (1987) on the FAMICOM then later introduced in North America (1990) on the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES).
Being one of the first popular console RPGs ever, Final Fantasy's story was highly original. With many little quests and things to do, the game created an almost perfect fairy-tale atmosphere, with dancing brooms and sunken mermaid shrines. The "crystal theme" would be used again in the series' history. Each of the eight classes were visual distinct and suited to a very specific purpose.
The game became an instant hit and has now spun-off over 30+ individual Final Fantasy games. Final Fantasy I set the foundation of what all other Role-Playing games would become and continues to create history as it continues to innovate and grow.
Learn more about Final Fantasy I Re-releases.


text:
Departed Tottenham Ace Explains Two Reasons He Could Hardly Refuse Exit
Departed Tottenham ace explains two reasons he 'could hardly refuse' exit
Samuel Bannister 01 Sep 2021 1:25 PM
Toby Alderweireld has elaborated upon his motives for leaving Tottenham Hotspur in order to join Al-Duhail in Qatar.
Alderweireld enjoyed a positive six-year spell with Spurs after joining them in 2015. The former Southampton man established himself as one of the Premier League's best defenders during his prime years. However, Tottenham's defence as a whole struggled last season and Alderweireld has since departed.
Despite plenty of rumours about a move to his native Belgium, Alderweireld instead opted for a lucrative opportunity in the Middle East.
He has no concerns about the move affecting his international chances, though. In fact, he is currently on duty with Belgium. While with the national setup, he has been speaking about his decision to switch Spurs for Al-Duhail.
While not denying the financial benefits of such a move, the centre-back also pointed to family reasons.
"Well, I could hardly refuse this adventure," he said in quotes carried by Het Laatste Nieuws and translated by Sport Witness. "Also financially, of course, I will not be silly about that.
"I have two children and at Tottenham I saw them very little. That hurt more and more. In Qatar I will see them more and that is very important to me. I want to see my children grow up and that can be done much better at my current club.
"At Tottenham it frustrated me that I had to leave my family behind too often. Sometimes we played three times a week, with a seclusion before each time. That started to wring more and more."
Although Alderweireld has left behind European football, he has not noticed too significant a drop in quality in his new surroundings.
"The level in Qatar and at Al-Duhail is higher than I expected," he added. "Of course, it is not the Premier League, but the level is better than expected."
Tottenham were hoping to sign two defenders to help replace Alderweireld this summer. However, they only managed to bring in one: Cristian Romero from Atalanta.
Tottenham sent warning about signing
In addition, they signed goalkeeper Pierluigi Gollini from the same club, full-back Emerson Royal from Barcelona, winger Bryan Gil from Sevilla and midfielder Pape Matar Sarr from Metz, who took him back on loan for the season.
One of those players, though, may not make the instant impact some may expect of him.
An expert with better knowledge of the new arrival has explained why things may take time…
READ MORE: Nuno told he has work cut out amid issue with new Tottenham signing
Toby Alderweireld


Most people understand the concept of inertia – once something gets going it requires less effort to keep it going that way. Conversely, if something is heading in a given direction at great speed, it takes a lot of energy and effort to make it go another direction.
I was thinking about how this applies to the culture of an organisation. Once a culture (good or bad) is established it is hard to change and it takes little effort to keep it the way it is – your business is subjected to 'cultural inertia'.
So once an unwanted culture has been created it takes a lot of effort and energy to turn it around. People have to commit to it and ensure the resources and leadership is provided for as long as it takes to make the change. Think of it like trying to push a slow moving car in another direction. One person can't do it, but get enough people together working towards the same goal and it can be done. And the good news? Once that car is moving in the other direction it requires less effort to keep it going that way. If you get it going fast enough in the right direction, it requires very little effort to maintain.
The parallel to culture? Creating a good culture takes effort, but once it is established it is easier to maintain. Once it is embedded, it has its own cultural inertia and it pulls people along with it.
Invest time and effort in creating a positive cultural inertia in your business and see where it takes you.