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Controlled Abandon: A Conversation with Gregory Pardlo
By: Gregory Pardlo April 21, 2015
We'd like to congratulate PEN Trustee Gregory Pardlo, who has been awarded the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry for his book of poems, Digest. The judges cited Pardlo's "clear-voiced poems that bring readers the news from 21st Century America, rich with thought, ideas and histories public and private." Below we feature an interview from our archives with Pardlo.
PEN's Poetry Relay series hopes to trace the topography of influence that connects contemporary poets to their peers and predecessors. The relay features a podcast reading by each poet, a conversation that covers the poet's inspiration and influences, and finally a hand-off to a peer. In this leg, Gregory Pardlo, author of the poetry collection Totem and currently the Poetry Book Review Editor of Callaloo, talks about the lion in his path, belief in the reader, and the thrill of controlled abandon. Also listen to him reading two of his poems, which appear in the anthology So Much Things to Say.
So much of my early influence I credit to my first creative writing teacher at Rutgers University in Camden, New Jersey, Lisa Ziedner. I looked up to her as much for revealing a world of literature I thought was beyond me, as for her own literary talents. But my time at Rutgers was overshadowed by a missed opportunity to study with Afaa Michael Weaver, who had accepted a position at another university the semester before I arrived. Some classmates who had had the opportunity to study with him spoke of him with admiration, and because of that I began looking for his work. The more I read, the more I became enamored of his poems, which often deal with themes that are important to me: black masculinity, the lives of working people, and the relationship between African American fathers and sons. My most seminal aesthetic influence, however, would be Yusef Komunyakaa. I know that's a little corny—everyone wants to claim Komunyakaa as an influence. But before I had the chance to meet him, I remember sitting on a bus reading "Neon Vernacular" for the first time—I was twenty-seven—and thinking if I had known sooner that the things Komunyakaa does with language were even possible, I wouldn't have spent so much time trying to fit into the conventions of middle-class American life. At the same time, I had to acknowledge this disheartening realization that I would not, and could not, approximate his literary achievements.
Ellison talks about the lion in the path. So for Baldwin, Richard Wright was the lion is his path, and Baldwin had to attack him, in that sort of fight or flight response. I see Komunyakaa as the lion in my path; he calls up my fear and admiration and aggression and self-consciousness—all of that. What impressed me the most about Komunyakaa was the breadth of his literary allusions. His work gave me permission to look beyond the catalogue of approved African American cultural references for the materials genuinely representative of my North American experience.
Growing up, there was this sense that if I was going to be an artist of any kind, or be creative in any way, there was a particular way I had to behave, and a particular canon of material I had to deal with. Seeing Komunyakaa and Weaver cross all boundaries and have such a great facility with a variety of material gave me permission to access a variety of influences without self-consciousness in my own work. I began to read widely and allow myself to become attached to other poets. For example, Ai, Robert Pinsky, Carl Phillips, Campbell McGrath, Lynda Hull, Robert Haas, Reginald Shepherd, Larry Levis, all became really important models—heroes—in my mind, though I haven't met any of them in person (some for obvious reasons). Pinsky is from New Jersey and he writes in a way that suggests he is conscious of the fact that people of color are a part of his life, as opposed to a lot of other writers who seem oblivious to the diversity surrounding them. I favor Lynda Hull's work for the same reasons. Once I determined I wouldn't tolerate various forms of provincialism in my own work, it became an intolerable oversight in the work of others. I'm suspicious of writers who seem to hide out in a make-believe world of homogeneous certainties.
I do want to mention that my influences are not limited to individuals. I'm an alumni fellow of Cave Canem and one of the things that organization gave me was an introduction to Cornelius Eady and Toi Derricotte, both of whom I count as really the only two people in my life as a poet to mentor me beyond the workshop. They concerned themselves with my well-being and my work, and that was very meaningful to me—to have the sense I was anchored, that there was a support system.
Back in the mid-'90s, when my sense of myself as a poet was just starting to coalesce, I met Major Jackson. We both grew up in the Delaware Valley and he actually went to the high school my father and my grandfather attended, so I've always felt this kinship with him beyond our literary lives. Eventually we ended up serving together on the editorial board of Painted Bride Quarterly. Major is one of my oldest and dearest literary friends, but he's also that talented brother (as in sibling) whose shadow I'm always trying to get out of.
In my generation, there are few poets I don't read. I'm a first-book junkie. I love the catalogs that publishers send out, and I spend an inordinate amount of time tracing connections among poets via the reported reading habits of Amazon customers. Of course, there are some poets whose work I keep closer than others. I'll give another list: Shane Book, Tracy K. Smith, Ben Lerner, Matthea Harvey, Sherwin Bitsui, Ed Skoog, Kate Marvin, Terrence Hayes, Christian Campbell … I could go on, but these are the poets whose books have been lingering on my desk for some time now.
Lately, I've also been reading and re-reading Gabrielle Calvocoressi's Apocalyptic Swing. I'm taken in by her fascination with the context in which brutality is not only socially approved but somehow compulsory. The boxing ring is one obvious example, but so is mob contagion and her framing of violence in the Civil Rights era. She is a poet who recognizes the breadth of cultural experience available. I'm a cynical person outside my work, so in my poems I'm often trying to find some place where I actually believe in the language I'm using, and not just second-guessing or doubling-back. But Gabby has a way of capturing a truly convincing voice; it's the voice of a priest, a confidante, a coach. There's an authority and there's trust in her voice. She has this way of blending reverence and humility and sincerity in her voice and in her tone. And the architecture of her poems speaks to the idea of ritual and rehearsal, of someone finding comfort in the practice, in the process of repetition and patternmaking.
There's an awful lot of value attached to performance, interpersonal performance—you're cool when you're witty and laid-back and the ideas run off your tongue. I was never good at that. I've never felt quite at home in front of people, so my cynicism is really born out of aggression toward the well-adjusted person; the idea that one can be self-possessed, happy, well-adjusted, and be that way always—I just never bought that. So when I see someone who performs well, I'm always suspicious that when they're off the stage, there's some kind of breakdown. I grew very disillusioned with that kind of performance because of the psychic toll I think it takes on a person, or certainly takes on me. I am also romantic and optimistic, which I don't see as a contradiction. I started writing because of the silence of the audience. Here's a place where I can imagine being on stage, so to speak, before a group of people who may or may not be sympathetic, but I have the opportunity to speak, and not only get my ideas out to my satisfaction, but without interruption. Without being shouted down.
I do believe that somewhere in our language, in our performance of speech, that all the background noise of ambition and criticism and judgment can sort of melt away and what's left is just human interaction. I'm at a point now where I believe in the reader, I have faith in my relationship with the reader. Not to say that I blindly think the reader is always sympathetic; I'm painfully aware that there are a great many readers who are not, but I don't feel I have to appease them anymore. Again, that's what I admire about Gabby's work: it's not about getting it right or perfection; the pleasure is in the doing, in the patternmaking, in the ritual and rehearsal. And I've learned to enjoy that repetitive process of crafting the poem, of crafting the communication, of crafting the relationship with the reader.
The thing that inspires me foremost has always been music. But as I got older, into my twenties, the music began to speak to visual arts, and the visual arts began to speak to poetry. I became fascinated with the historical period of time around the Second World War, with the rise of the beat poets, and Abstract Expressionism and BeBop—the Birth of the Cool. It seemed to me that of all the things that were screwed up in America at that time, the one place anyone comes back to, the one place where there can be found a cohesive sense of community, is that place of improvisation. In the realm beyond conventional reason there can be found opportunities to transcend the categories that corrupt our social interactions.
Growing up in a family that values performance, I have a respect for people who pull it off well, even though at the same time I question the costs of pulling it off. So I recognize how, during improvisation, at the moment one is most performative, there is a reaching toward a transcendence of that performance. In the standard tune, for example, there are conventions that have to be adhered to, but sincerity occurs. I'm suspicious of the kind of performances where affect is recognizable, where we can see the seams and the mask, where the makeup is applied. Forgive me for mixing metaphors. But then I'm convinced it's not an entirely futile effort when I see a performance where the affect is not the point. Where we acknowledge that there's a structure, we acknowledge that there are conventions we need to adhere to, but that those conventions allow for the individual to genuinely be self-possessed—and that's the thing I think I've always been chasing after.
It doesn't matter what side of the page I'm on so long as I'm working on a poem that allows me to feel even the slightest illusion of wholeness. It's the process of making that poem, of exploring that illusion without being self-conscious of it. Or, on the other side, when I find a poem that allows me to read and re-read it, to share in this sense of generosity and this sense of controlled abandon, that's equally thrilling. So Richard Hugo, in Triggering Town, says, here it is:
"Jealousy is impossible for a poet because he has written every poem he loves … When I meet a poet who is jealous of the poems of others, reputation is another matter. I'm sure that poet has not yet written a poem as good as he knows he can. When you've done your best, it doesn't matter how good it is. That is for others to say."
So obviously professional jealousy is a thing we all deal with—that's just human nature—but when we're talking about the work itself and someone expresses some jealousy of that poem, that's a more insidious kind of failing. The poems that we, as individuals, come back to again and again—we own those poems; they've been written in a way that looks beyond the structure of mine/yours. There's an inviting, a sharing quality, not only in the poem itself, but in the character of humanity that the poem evokes. So when I recognize that the poet isn't guarding some emotional wound, that's really vulnerable and thrilling for me. I continue to write because I want to participate in that exchange; I want to find new ways of making myself vulnerable.
Tags: Conversation with Gregory Pardlo, Gabrielle Calvocoressi, Gregory Pardlo, InspirationGenre: InterviewCategory: Online Series, Original Literature
PEN America Celebrates Release of Aras Amiri
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PEN Pals: Margarita Engle and Padma Venkatraman Use Words as Bridges
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"Farfan is the author of "Cerca Trova: The Last Words of Leonardo da Vinci" published in 2006. The book outlines arcane clues Farfan detected as he studied the ancient portrait, Mona Lisa. In the book, he provides an answer to one of the most mysterious questions in art history: Who is the Mona Lisa and what does she represent?
Farfan's answer was new to the art world. He said the woman with the enigmatic smile is Deborah, a little-known prophet and military leader described in the Old Testament.
"The theory about the 'Last Supper,'" said Farfan, "builds on my findings about the Mona Lisa, where I point out the significance of the Roman numerals hidden within the Mona Lisa's hands. My newest theory strengthens the previous one by placing a clear link between the literature in Leonardo's library and the Fathers of the Church. The web-based method of research used by Farfan mimics the similarities between this technology-based era and that of the renewal of literary investigation in the Renaissance."
I read the press release. Didn't make the connection to him finding numbers on the last supper just the mona lisa. Sounds eerie, but fantastic if its not an april fools joke. Farfan doesnt seem like the joking type though.
nope, but he found numbers on the mona lisa, so i bet he'll find them on the last supper.
you're right, it might be terribly interesting!


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IPL - Indian Pup League, Indian Cricketers And Their Love For Dogs
Oct 26, 2020 by ABK Grooming
We all dog fanatics get ecstatic about everything related to dogs. Have you been always wondering about celebrity dogs? Today while cheering up for my favorite IPL team with my pet, I was curious to know Doggo - Affair of Indian cricketers. Here we will give you the insights of Indian cricketers and their fur babies.
Ms. Dhoni - The captain cool has to be on the top of the list. Not because of being the Indian Cricket Team's Captain, but he also leads the team for dog fanatics. He has a whole pet family and here is a list of the few pets MS Dhoni has. The golden retriever, Belgian Malinois, Weimaraner dog, Husky, Dutch Shepherd. He also has an Indian Pariah. His fans love him for owning a native Indian breed of dog. We have seen him playing around with his pets. Many videos are available on the internet where he is playing and loving his pet family.
Virat Kohli - Our new captain is not at all behind when it is a question of Doggo-Affair. Virat had a Beagle named Bruno. He passed away on the 6th of May 2020 after being with him for 11 years. Virat's first pet was a white Pomeranian, after which he had a Golden Retriever called Rico and then a cute beagle named Bruno. He has also adopted 15 stray dogs in Bengaluru.
Hardik Pandya - Hardik Pandya has two dogs of the terrier breed. He has named them Aston and Bentley. He loves both of them a lot. They are famous among his fans. Especially on Instagram. He also says that he loves Bentley more than himself. He frequently posts fun time pictures of him and the pets.
K L Rahul - After seeing K L Rahul's Instagram account, you might say he loves Simba as much as he loves cricket. Yes, K L Rahul has a Chow Chow breed dog named Simba. To whom he adores a lot. He has created a separate page named @kingsimbathechow. It has a series of monochrome pictures of lovely Simba.
Rohit Sharma - Hitman Sharma the Vice-Captain of the Indian cricket team and his cute little daughter Samaira are very fond of their pet. Not just both of them, but his wife too loves their beagle. She had shared a video on Instagram where their fur baby is trying to keep their baby daughter warm with the shawl.
Bhuvneshwar Kumar - India's premier fast bowler Bhuvneshwar Kumar is also a dog lover. His doggo Alex is just a treat for eyes. He frequently shares pictures of them with funny captions. The most loved picture of them is a collage when Alex was just a little pup and now when he has become a fully grown dog.
Yuvraj Singh - The batsman who makes all the ladies go weak in the knees with his charm is also not behind in the race of die-hard dog lovers. He has a poodle named "Puppinder Singh". He had shared a picture on Instagram during quarantine months. Captioned as "When your hair is growing crazy in quarantine with pup Singh" Look at it and you will surely agree with him. Haha!
Virendra Sehwag - Sehwag is known for his wit, along with his cricket skills. The cricketer trying his hands on acting has earned every dog lover's heart with his last Instagram post. Where he is seen with two of his dogs. He has captioned the picture as "Dogs do speak, but to those who know to listen". This is not the first time, but he has always been showing off his love for dogs on social media.
Shikhar Dhawan - The talented Indian opener has adopted two Desi breeds of dogs during the quarantined month of June. He has named them Chloe and Valentine. Shikhar is not just a dog lover, but he is also insanely crazy about horses.
Ravindra Jadeja - Pets are synonyms to our all-rounder player to whom the captain cool has named Sir Jadeja. The Royal Rajput Jadeja is very fond of animals. In his farmhouse, he has a variety of pets, dogs, rabbits, pigeons, fishes, and most importantly horses. He has two pet dogs, a Rottweiler, and a pug.
Shreyas Iyer - This young lad has every time proved himself with his batting heroics. He is also very active on social media with his Golden Retriever "Betty". His Instagram has a lot of pictures of the good times spent with her. In one of the posts, he has also called his pet his sibling. We guess that's enough to judge his love for "Betty". Shreyas has also shared some videos of his and Betty's love for the sport and the fun they have at home.
Let us know which Indian or International Cricketer - Pet duo has won your heart.
Soucre: https://www.instagram.com/
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Indian Grooming Show 2019

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Pears Fresh Renewal Face Wash for normal skin contains gentle exfoliating beads and cooling crystals, the face wash deep cleanse and washes away dead skin cells well, it gives a fresh and renewed skin, it is 100% soap free, use it twice daily for best results.
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I was using this face wash during peek summer when my skin becomes more oily and dull. I use it twice a day mostly and this face wash lathers quite well which I need to clean my face well. I have sensitive oily acne prone skin, so products with SLES or SLS will not suits for me easily. But, to my surprise this face wash suited me well and I had no allergy issue with this face wash. The exfoliating beads cleanse my skin well with lather and I feel fresh and brightness immediately after every wash.
It keeps oiliness at bay for long time and I notice my skin behaved well and didn't produce more pimples as I happened to see more pimples during summer. Seems this face wash controlled my sebum production well. I am really impressed with this face wash and I never felt dryness after washing. So, I think dry skin people also can try this face wash with a good moisture follow up. This face wash is best suitable for normal to oily skin people and combination skin people also can try this face wash.
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The face wash is mild and best for daily use.


Chicago: "Made in America," WGBH Media Library & Archives, accessed April 21, 2019, http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_4D30224E6F9C4DE9AA7E795FA5E9D7F1.
MLA: "Made in America." WGBH Media Library & Archives. Web. April 21, 2019. <http://openvault.wgbh.org/catalog/V_4D30224E6F9C4DE9AA7E795FA5E9D7F1>.


I get it—textbooks are weighty tomes that feel like they're more useful as a defensive weapon than an engaging read. But it's still important to actually read them instead of treating them as a "find the potential-test-answer" word search.
In college, I remember having classes where Hip Professor™ would turn their chair around and triumphantly announce "We don't use textbooks in this class—there's one on the syllabus, but you don't need it." I would be thrilled. No having to spend $200 on a book the teacher wasn't going to source. But most classes aren't like that. Don't let Hip Professor™ make you think, "If one class doesn't need a book, then none of them do." A lot of subjects absolutely require a textbook, and that textbook needs to be read.
But the same can be said for other science and math subjects, or even subjects in the humanities, like history. What good does highlighting a bunch of places and dates do if you don't know really understand the context—the why the how? You get some of that information from lectures, yes, but are you really under the impression you'll grasp everything you need to in a couple of hours of one person talking? What if that lecture is at 8 a.m. and you're usually up late the night before? Remember, textbooks are not a source for answers, they're where you're partially taught to develop your own. Some students think of textbooks as a last resort, and that's the wrong way to go about it.
Block out some time, grab a snack if you need to, sit down, and read. While you read, take notes, highlight passages, and write down your own personal thoughts you have in the moment so you have topics to bring up in class. Intentionally study the subject, don't just study for the test. You'll be much better off in the end. Besides, you were forced to spend a fortune on the damn things. You might as well get something out of them.


When the clouds roll in and mother nature starts doing her thing, customers often ask us if it is okay to go rafting in the rain. Is it safe to be on the water during a storm? Do we have to worry about lightning? Is rafting still fun when your taking on more moisture than just whitewater splashes? The answer to all of these questions is: YES! Considering you will be getting wet anyways, we like to think of whitewater rafting as the perfect rainy day activity. Our trips continue rain or shine! On colder rainy days, we provide our customers with splash jackets to help retain warmth and dryness, but rarely do the skies remain gloomy in Southwestern Colorado. Chances are you will see blue skies and that bright Colorado sun before the end of your trip. As far as lightning goes, there is no reason to be concerned while on the Animas River. The river cuts through the narrow Animas River Valley, so our raft is generally the lowest point in the area. If the lighting does become an issue, your guide is trained to ensure your safety and will remove you from the area as quickly as possible.
If your day on the water is shadowed by dark clouds and looming weather, don't worry! 4 Corners Whitewater will make sure your trip is a safe and memorable one.


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Election letters for Oct. 3
Dave Young is the right representative for District 50
Dave Young is a valuable asset for Greeley/Evans, Weld County and Colorado.
He has ably continued the bipartisan service to this community that Jim Riesberg began. As retired educators, we especially appreciate Dave's knowledge of and attention to education issues. He taught for 35 years, first as a middle school teacher and then as a college professor. Our schools are our lifeline to the future.
Dave has the expertise to help the legislature provide this for the next generation. We urge all House District 50 residents to vote for him on Nov. 6.
John Dietz and Corki Cummins-Dietz, Greeley
We need to support ballot measure
I am of the opinion that our public school system will continue to be important to the overall health of our community. We might all question the administration, the board or the teachers performance and some of their decisions with their resources. I believe the upcoming decision we all make as voters to support the bond for a new John Evans school is a no-brainer.
We put up $8 million and get $21 from the state. The money is used for this purpose only and after the bond is paid, we quit paying so this is not eternal. Please help the future of our kids, our schools and our community and support the bond for the BEST program.
Scott Ehrlich, Greeley
3A offers chance to support kids, city
"Vote yes on 3A" signs are popping up all over town. So, what is 3A? It is an opportunity to build a brand new middle school for about one-third of the cost. The state will pick up two-thirds through a Building Excellent Schools Today (BEST) grant. This revenue is from state owned lands designated for education. There are many state owned acres here in Weld County. Let's keep these funds here.
Please join me in voting yes on 3A to support the education of all our kids and build a stronger Greeley.
Jesse L. Quinby, Greeley
Vote Republican in this election
The Republican Party stands for individual responsibility, free enterprise capitalist systems, lower taxes, balanced budgets, strong national defense, strong border control, independence on energy, lower gas prices, the traditional family, sound environmental policies, protection of the unborn, tort reform, proof of registration to be able to vote, right to bear arms, and that our rights come from God — not government.
It is the role of the individual, their family, their church and civic organizations to provide for their personal needs. Vote for Romney, and all Republicans for county and state offices.
Jim Welker, Loveland
Hits & Misses: Accomplishments of Greeley K9s are impressive
Dick Williamson: Greeley Tribune should return U.S. flag to masthead


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Students send gifts overseas
Karen Dandurant
RYE -- Third-graders in Eric Ross' class opted to send presents to soldiers in Iraq this year instead of having a holiday party.
They collected items and sorted them into boxes for shipment on Thursday.
In addition to the care packages, each student wrote a letter for the men and women in Iraq to read.
Most kids wrote about themselves and their families and asked the soldiers about their lives.
Jacob Naimark, 9, wrote about those things, but he also had his own idea about what the men and women in Iraq might be interested in.
"In case you are interested, the New England Patriots are 10 to 4 and the Boston Red Sox just signed a Japanese pitcher," Jacob wrote. ?Thank you for fighting for our country."
One of the best closures to the letters was read by Ross.
"We were working on closings, and when I read Grant's, I was excited," said Ross of one student's letter. "He said, ?I hope we win. Yes we will win. With you fighting, we can win.'"
Ella Claire, 9, said she thinks what the class is doing is really kind.
"It's nice to make them feel at home when they can't be here," said Ella. "I liked writing the letters and I think it might make them feel special to get them."
Jacob said he thinks it's nice to tell soldiers that the students know they are fighting for all of us, and to let them know people are thinking about them.
The project was organized by parents Diana Getman and Julie McDaniel, with the support of other classroom parents.
"We thought, in the spirit of the holiday, it's nice to do something in the community," said Getman. "A lot of the schools were already doing things for places like Cross Roads House and Families First. We saw this as a need and thought it would be a good opportunity for the children to learn about what's going on there, the sacrifices being made for us." Getman and McDaniel worked with the Air National Guard at Pease, who will ship the care boxes to a New Hampshire unit in Iraq.
"We found a Web site that had suggestions for what to send over there," said Getman. "We are sending a bit of everything -- soap, toiletries, candy, gum, instant soup, chips, peanut butter and jelly." Getman said that after the holidays, the Guard's Family Services unit is going to arrange for one of the airmen to visit the class.


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It's safe to say mortgage companies have a bit of a PR problem right now, but for those that managed to stay in business, the reputation is usually undeserved. Here's why: In the wake of the scandals emerging from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, surviving mortgage companies were ultimately the ones that maintained ethical business practices all along. The industry went through a pretty serious house-cleaning.
First Equity Mortgage never has lost a lawsuit, and never has had so much as a complaint submitted to the Attorney General's office.
Mpls.St.Paul Magazine listed Lozinski among the Super Mortgage Professionals in 2010. Lori and Julia of 107.1 FM personally have endorsed his company, which is quite an honor, as it's the only mortgage company to get such a nod. Lozinski also is known as "The Gay Gourmet" on 107.1 FM's The Cathie and Colleen Show.
Shopping for a mortgage probably isn't on any home buyer's list of fun ways to spend an afternoon, but one of the reasons Lozinski receives so many accolades is his willingness to sit down with a client, and explain mortgages in everyday language.
As well, Lozinski is known for helping the self-employed buy a house in today's market, and for serving the GLBT community, including those who are in the process of transitioning, which can complicate mortgage documents if handled improperly.
First Equity Mortgage may be the only gay-owned mortgage business in the five-state area—at least, that Lozinski knows of—but for him, it's still about the bottom line when it comes to customers.


the faculty. Doctoral programs, the "dissertation" can take up the major part of the student's total time spent (along with two or three years of classes) and may take years of full-time work to complete. For only 55, you can protect your dissertation or masters theses and become immediately eligible for statutory damages and attorney fees.
This may vary greatly by discipline, program, college, or university. BA, BSc, BMus, BEd, BEng etc.). In the United States, ProQuest's policy is to accept master's theses and dissertations from all institutions which have been accredited by one of the six regional accrediting bodies (Middle States Association, New England Association, North Central Association, Northwest Association, Southern Association and Western Association) for. Sometimes, at least one member of the committee must be a professor in a department that is different from that of the student. Thesis requirements vary greatly between degrees and disciplines, ranging from as low as 34 ects credits to more than. To complete a master's degree in research, a student is required to write a mémoire, the French equivalent of a master's thesis in other higher education systems. In addition to institution-specific house styles, there exist a number of field-specific, national, and international standards and recommendations for the presentation of theses, for instance ISO 7144. "A 'thesis' is a supposition of some eminent philosopher that conflicts with the general r to take notice when any ordinary person expresses views contrary to men's usual opinions would be silly". Registering with the.S. The defense is done in a public presentation in which teachers, students, and the general public can participate.


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With Epsilon deal, Publicis bets on first-party data for survival
Internal Organization
April 15, 2019 by Seb Joseph
Publicis' $4.4 billion (£5.1 billion) gamble to buy Epsilon is a sign of how far the holding groups are prepared to go to ease the fee pressures on agencies with a more profitable business like data. As costly as it is to manage the type of first-party data Epsilon collects, it's a highly lucrative product compared to the commoditized media buying services of agencies.
The challenge, however, will be how well Publicis extracts the margin from the first-party data it will have after it becomes the owner of Epsilon in the third quarter of the year. The company is a smorgasbord of data given it has more than 250 million U.S. consumers in its database and sends over 71 billion personalized emails each year. Here's what the deal says about the business.
Data ownership is a necessity for agencies
Of the major networks, Publicis is one of the few without a major data marketing arm, so it made sense for it to acquire a company like Epsilon.
"It won't be easy to scale Epsilon but most of its tools are exportable," said Publics CEO Arthur Sadoun told investors on April 15. "If you look at what we could do tomorrow in France, Germany and the U.K., for example, we could export Epsilon's technology to put together first-party data around individual IDs is something we could export."
Not only does Epsilon own reams of proprietary consumer data it could sell as third-party data, but it also handles swaths of first-party data that advertisers give it to develop loyalty initiatives and other data-driven marketing programs. The margin on both types of data is big and can scale well if Publicis figures out a way to do it — in a legal way. The bulk of both Publicis' and Epsilon's business comes from the U.S. where privacy laws are becoming increasingly strict. It's the same story in Europe where ad market retrenches around first and second-party data 11 months after the arrival of the General Data Protection Regulation. The future of third-party data — and those companies looking to profit from it — is uncertain to say the least.
Bridging the data gap in CPG advertising
Perennial pressures on CPG advertisers to drive more growth with less spend on traditional advertising has squeezed the margin out of a sector that pretty much fueled the ad industry. Epsilon — and all the data management expertise it has — is a way for Publicis to start to claw back some of that spend at a time when the likes of Procter & Gamble, Unilever and Mars are scrambling to bulk out the limited out of data they own compared to the smaller DTC brands chipping away at their businesses. While Epsilon's client base leans toward sectors like retail, automotive and financial where the marketers at them have a strong grasp of the data they own, Publicis believes it's only a matter of time before the same thing happens at CPG marketers.
"DTC brands are getting around 10 percent of the market share today," said Sadoun. "The big battle for tomorrow is how CPG brands have direct access to consumers because they have to go direct.This is why first-party data is becoming increasingly important for the CPG sector."
The tug of war for data between agencies is on
Agencies are wising up to the margin they can make on data. Indeed, Publicis, IPG and Dentsu have all made big bets on their ability to do so over the last three years, while Sir Martin Sorrell spoke recently about wanting to acquire a first-party data firm for S4. If agencies want to own more data and subsequently put it at the heart of their offer then the wisest move is to partner with a business that has expertise in the space and with compliance baked into their approach, said Julie Langley, partner at Results, which advises agencies on merges and acquisitions.
Modern Retail Summit
"Data capabilities have been much in demand over the last few years and we've seen a huge buyer appetite for businesses with expertise in using the main tech platforms – particularly Adobe and Salesforce – to deliver data-driven marketing, said Langley.
Owning data, not renting it, brings new problems to the beleaguered agency model
The more Epsilon is woven into Publicis, the less data the agency will buy from outside vendors. Currently, the group is buying third-party data to bulk out its "PeopleCloud" platform. As Publicis Media CEO Steve King told analysts: "Once we've gone through an integration period, we can anticipate scale and some cost efficiencies to the way we can utilize our ability to reach consumers."
Any agency that switches from renting data to buying it is going to face questions about neutrality. After all, now that Publicis is the owner of Epsilon there's more of a financial incentive for it to use the data from a company it owns over outside data. It could make an already murky agency model murkier when it comes to whether the data sold to advertisers is down to it being right for their goals or right for Publicis' profit margin.
All that glitters in the world of data isn't gold
On the surface, the deal looks like a good one for Publicis. Epsilon may cost double what IPG forked out to buy the $2.3 billion-valued Acxiom last year — yet it's getting so much more. Publicis got the data management chops of Acxiom, along with SaaS platforms, digital media businesses like Valueclick, an affiliate specialist and some other agency services.
But despite the depth of services, Epsilon can't be seen as the boon Publicis needed just yet. Epsilon endured a tricky 2018 that saw revenues slip 4 percent, raising questions over the quality of the service. Furthermore, the $4.4 billion deal was much cheaper than the $5 billion forecasts, which points to slim competition for a business that may not have had enough valuable services to tempt others to stump up the cash.
'A huge advantage': Inside Policygenius's in-house agency team
Swedish publisher Bonnier News closes innovation hub
November 27, 2019 by Lucinda Southern


text:
Drinkbox's Olympics Rio 2016
With the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics, I figured why not share some of the office's favorite moments:
Mayuran: "They used Mario as the mascot for the next Olympics! That's a scandal! It should have been sonic, who actually runs, and doesn't take performance enhancing drugs! Ban mushroom kingdom! Send a message"
Background: With athletes and viewers exhausted, the closing ceremony for Rio2016 was passing off as expected…
Until Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe popped out of a giant green pipe dressed up as video game character Mario from the Super Mario games, one of Japan's best-known exports.
Graham: "I didn't realize how openly corrupt Olympic Boxing was. Definitely an eye-opening moment"
Irish bantamweight Michael Conlan controversially crashed out of the Olympics to complete a dismal Games for Ireland's eight-strong boxing team.
Conlan appeared to do the better work in the opening round but all three judges gave it on a 10-9 scoreline to 2013 world championship silver medallist Nikitin.
Conlan's highly contentious defeat comes after a hugely controversial decision in Monday's heavyweight boxing final when another Russian Evgeny Tishchenko was given the verdict over Kazakhstan's Vassiliy Levit.
Alex: "My favorite part of olympics was our women's soccer team. Nice that we won bronze, but mostly they represent a nice diversity of Canadian women."
Deanne Rose and Christine Sinclair scored to give the Canadian women's soccer team back-to-back Olympic bronze medals with Friday afternoon's 2-1 victory over host Brazil.
The Canadians rushed the pitch to celebrate while the crowd, never wavering in its support, chanted for its team. Sinclair, for so long the face of Canadian soccer, was sobbing as organizers set up the podium for the medal presentation.
ChrisM: "Sometimes being a bully comes back to get ya"
France's Aurelie Muller, wearing the white cap, has been stripped of her silver medal after she is seen grappling with Italy's Rachele Bruni in what was an incredibly close finish to the Women's 10km open-water swim…
The silver medallist of the women's marathon 10km has been disqualified after she wrestled with another competitor who came third.
This entry was posted on Tuesday, August 23rd, 2016 at 3:57 pm	and is filed under News. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. Both comments and pings are currently closed.
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All "designated smoking tables" were decommissioned and removed; and new "Tobacco Free Campus" signs were put in their place. To reinforce the importance of this commitment, and to underscore support from the senior leaders of our organization, this expanded policy was communicated by BD's Chairman, CEO and President, Vince Forlenza, in conjunction with World No Tobacco Day on May 31, 2016. This all-company communication from Mr. Forlenza was sent via email to all associates and was prominently posted to the company-wide intranet. His letter explained the policy, the reasons behind it, and shared resources that associates can access for help in quitting tobacco for good. Mr. Forlenza also highlighted this Tobacco Free Campus policy at an all-company Town Hall.
In order to inspire and empower associates to successfully quit tobacco, from May-November 2016, we executed a robust and multi-modal health promotion campaign that included posters with associate testimonials, resource flyers, home mailings, onsite tobacco cessation workshops (in both English and Spanish) and a fun and engaging "Great American Smoke-Out" challenge that enabled associates to earn a FitBit for quitting tobacco or committing to a healthy habit. Furthermore, we deployed a new monthly wellness newsletter, which is sent to all 16,000 US associates, and features articles and resources on tobacco cessation, emotional health, financial well-being, preventive care and physical health ... all with the goal of assisting associates in achieving their wellness goals.
Since the prevention and early detection of illness and disease is a key priority of the BD Healthy Lives wellness program, associates and their spouses can also earn an additional $520 deposit in a Health Savings account for completing an annual preventive exam or well woman exam with their physician. Thanks to these efforts, 40% of our associates completed a preventive exam in 2016, compared to only 20% in 2015! BD also offers annual flu shot clinics, onsite wellness fairs and promotes events such as "Wear Red Day" to promote heart health, "World Diabetes Day" and Employee Well-Being Month to ensure associates are engaged in their health.


text:
\section*{Appendix}
}

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\sloppy
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\begin{document}
\hyphenation{pre-sents pre-sent}
\title{Defeating classical bit commitments with a quantum computer}

\author{
Gilles Brassard\,\\
Universit\'e de Montr\'eal
\thanks{\,D\'epartement IRO, Universit\'e de Montr\'eal,
C.P. 6128, succursale centre-ville,\hfill\mbox{}
\mbox{Montr\'eal (Qu\'ebec), Canada H3C 3J7.  e-mail:
brassard@iro.umontreal.ca.}}
\and
Claude Cr\'epeau\,\\
McGill University
\thanks{\,School of Computer Science, McGill University,
Pavillon McConnell,3480 rue University,\hfill\mbox{}
\mbox{Montr\'eal (Qu\'ebec), Canada H3A 2A7.  e-mail:
crepeau@cs.mcgill.ca.}}
\and
Dominic Mayers\,\\
Princeton University
\thanks{Department of Computer Science, Princeton University,
\hfill\mbox{}
\mbox{Princeton, NJ 08544-2087, U.S.A..   e-mail:
mayers@cs.princeton.edu.}}
\and
Louis Salvail\,\\
BRICS
\thanks{BRICS, Basic Research in Computer Science of
        the Danish National Research Foundation,
      Department of Computer Science,University of \AA rhus,
Ny Munkegade, building 540,
DK-8000 \AA rhus C, Denmark.\hfill\mbox{}\mbox{e-mail:
salvail@daimi.aau.dk}}
}

\maketitle

\abstract{It has been recently shown by Mayers that no bit commitment scheme
is secure if the participants have unlimited computational power and
technology.
However it was noticed that a secure protocol could be
obtained by forcing the cheater to perform a measurement.
Similar situations had been encountered previously
in the design of Quantum Oblivious Transfer.
The question is whether a classical
bit commitment
could be used for this specific purpose.
We demonstrate that, surprisingly, classical unconditionally concealing
bit commitments do not help.}

\section{Introduction} After Mayers obtained his general
impossibility theorem for bit commitment schemes
(see the Appendix of \cite{bcms97} and
\cite{dom:impos,mayers97}), different kind of ideas were proposed by
some of us with the hope to realize
unconditionally secure bit commitment.
It was then
realized
that these apparently promising ideas were also
ruled out by Mayers' attack.  These attempts contributed to enhance our
understanding of what is going on with quantum bit
commitment.
However, no complete discussion on the
subject has ever been provided in the literature.
The most interesting attempts were based on the use of a classical
bit commitment together with temporary assumptions on the
power of the cheater.
The idea was to use
the classical bit commitment to force the cheater
to perform a measurement.  This would be useful to realize
many quantum protocols other than quantum bit commitments.  Here our
objective is to bring out the general principles that
explain why this approach does not work in quantum cryptography.

Before we proceed, let us briefly explain the notion of bit commitment
and its impact in quantum cryptography.  Quantum cryptography is often
associated with a cryptographic application called key
distribution~\cite{bb84,bbbss92} and it has achieved success in this
area~\cite{bc96}.  However, other applications of quantum mechanics to
cryptography have also been considered and bit commitment was at the
basis of most if not all of these other
applications~\cite{bc96,bbcs91,bcjl93,yao95}.  A~{\em bit
commitment\/} scheme allows Alice\ to send something to Bob\ that
commits her to a bit $b$ of her choice in such a way that Bob\ cannot
tell what $b$ is, but such that Alice\ can later prove to him what $b$
originally was.  You may think of this as Alice\ sending a note with the
value $b$ written on it in a strong-box to Bob\ and later revealing him
the combination to the safe.

The commitment obtained after the commit phase is
binding if Alice\ cannot change the value of $b$ and it
is concealing if Bob\  cannot obtain any information about $b$ without
the help of Alice.  The commitment is secure if it is binding and
concealing.  The commitment is unconditionally secure if it is secure
against a cheater, either Alice\ or Bob, with unlimited technology and
computational power. In 1993 a protocol for quantum bit commitment,
henceforth referred to as~BCJL, was thought to be {\em provably
secure\/}~\cite{bcjl93}.  Because of quantum bit
commitment, the~future of quantum cryptography was very bright, with
new applications such as the identification protocol of Cr\'epeau and
Salvail~\cite{claude:louis} coming up regularly.

The trouble began in October 1995 when Mayers found a subtle flaw in
the BCJL protocol.  Though Mayers explained his discovery to many
researchers interested in quantum bit commitment \cite{BCJL:kaput},
his result was not made entirely public until after Lo and Chau
discovered independently a similar result in March 1996
\cite{lc96}. The result of Mayers was more general than the one
obtained by Lo and Chau, but both used the same basic idea.  The
result of Lo and Chau did not encompass the BCJL protocol in which Bob\
can obtain an exponentially small amount of information. (In practice
a protocol is considered secure as long as Bob\  cannot obtain more than
an exponentially small amount of information on the bit committed by
Alice, that is, an amount of information that goes exponentially fast
to $0$ as the number of photons used in the protocol increases.)
However, the final version published by Lo and Chau \cite{lc96} used
the techniques previously used by Mayers \cite{BCJL:kaput} to prove
the non security of the BCJL protocol and any other protocol published
at the time.  So, the paper of Lo and Chau \cite{lc96} is a proper
account of these preliminary results.

\section{The general impossibility theorem}
Now, we review the general theorem \cite{mayers97}, which says that a
quantum protocol that creates an
unconditionally secure bit commitment is simply impossible.  The main
additional difficulty in the general result is that it is easy to
think that measurements and classical communication could be used to
restrict the behaviour of the cheater during the commit phase, and thus
obtain a secure bit commitment.  In fact, after BCJL was shown not
secure, the spontaneous attitude was to try alternative quantum bit
commitment protocols by making some clever use of measurements and
classical communication~\cite{people}.  Some of these protocols were
proposed after Mayers obtained the general result in March 1996.
All of these protocols were found not secure against Mayers' attack.

There exists two approaches to deal with measurements and classical
communication in quantum bit commitment protocols: an indirect
and a direct approach.  In the first proof of Mayers
(see \cite{dom:impos} and the Appendix of \cite{bcms97}) the indirect
approach was used.
It was shown that
any protocol in which classical information is used is equivalent to
another protocol in which no classical information is used.
Then it was shown that no such protocol is
unconditionally secure.  The advantage of this
approach is that, after the reduction is shown, the attack on the new
protocol is easy to describe and analyze because there is no classical
communication anymore.  The disadvantage is that we don't deal
directly with the issue of classical communication and measurements,
that is, the attack obtained against the new protocol is not the one
that applies on the original protocol.  The attack on the new protocol
does not include any classical communication, whereas in the original
protocol the cheater must communicate classically with the honest
participant (otherwise this honest participant will wonder what is
going on).

We emphasize that the proof of the reduction which is not that hard
must nevertheless explain why the cheater can still cheat in the
original protocol despite the fact that he is restricted by
measurements and decoherence which must occur because of classical
communication.  Otherwise the overall proof would simply miss the
important issue of classical communication -- it would not encompass
the protocols and ideas that have been proposed recently
\cite{bc96,claude,kent97a,kent97}.  Mayers preferred to use a more direct
approach without reduction in \cite{mayers97}.  So, Mayers' paper
\cite{mayers97} directly describes and analyzes the real attack that
must be performed by the cheater.

Lo and Chau also wrote a paper \cite{lc97} to discuss the issue of
quantum communication and other aspects of Mayers' result. They used
a variant of Yao's model for quantum communication.  The essence of
this model is that a third system is passed back and forth under the
control of each participant when it is their turn~\cite{yao95}.  Mayers'
attack works fine in this model, and it is indeed important to verify
that the attack works in such a reasonable model.  With regard to
classical communication, the discussion of Lo and Chau \cite{lc97} is
similar to the indirect approach of Mayers.

Now, let us consider the attack.  Of course, we are interested in the
attack on the original protocol.  The attack on the new protocol is
just a construction in a proof.  We emphasize that in both approaches,
with a reduction or without a reduction, the attack on the original
protocol is the same.  Here we focus on the part of the attack that
must be performed during the commit phase.  (The remainder of the
attack, which is performed after the commit phase, is the same as when
there is no classical communication, so it creates no additional
difficulty.)  One ingredient in the attack is that the cheater keeps
everything at the quantum level except what must be announced
classically.  Assume that at some given stage of the commit phase, a
participant has normally generated a classical random variable $R$,
performed measurements to obtain an overall outcome $X$, and shared
some classical information $Y$ with the other participant as a result
of previous communication.  Now, assume that this participant is the
cheater and that the protocol says he must transmit some classical
information $f(R,X,Y)$, which for simplicity we assume is a binary
string.  One might think that the cheater must have generated the
random variable $R$ and the outcome $X$ in order to
be able to compute and send $f(R,X,Y)$.  However, the cheater does not
have to do that.  As we explain later, he can do the entire computation
of $f(R,X,Y)$,
including the computation of $R$ and the measurements, at the quantum
level.  Only $Y$ needs to be classical.  Then he can measure the bits
of the string $f(X,R,Y)$ (only these bits) and send them to the other
participant.
The final result is that all information is kept at the quantum
level, except what must be sent classically to the other
participant. As explained in \cite{dom:impos,mayers97} (see also the
Appendix of \cite{bcms97}) this strategy performed during the commit phase
either allows
Bob\  to obtain some information about the bit committed by Alice,
without any help from Alice, or else allows Alice\  to change her mind
after the commit phase.

To understand how the cheater can perform the same algorithm at
the quantum level,  it is useful to keep in mind that any
classical process can be seen as a special kind of quantum phenomena.
Therefore, in principle no modification is required because the
classical algorithm already describes a quantum process.  It is
sufficient to describe the exact same algorithm in the viewpoint
that every phenomena corresponds to a unitary transformation.
The standard way to do that is the following.  Let ${\cal C}(\omega_0)$
be the initial state of a measuring apparatus.  A measurement
on a state $\psi$ becomes a unitary transformation
that maps $\psi \otimes {\cal C}(\omega_0)$ into $\sum_i \psi_i \otimes
{\cal C}(\omega_i)$ where
${\cal C}(\omega_i)$ is the state of the measuring apparatus associated
with the outcome $\omega_i$ and $\psi_i$ is the corresponding (unnormalized)
final state of the measured system.  The generation of a random
variable $r$ with probability $p(r)$ corresponds to the creation
of a superposition $\sum_r \sqrt{p(r)} {\cal C}(r)$  where
the states ${\cal C}(r)$ are orthonormal states that encode the
random classical information $r$.   In particular,  the
state $\psi = \alpha {\cal C}(0)
+ \beta {\cal C}(1)$ corresponds to a random bit that takes the values
$0$ and $1$ with probability $|\alpha|^2$ and $|\beta|^2$ respectively.
Now, suppose that a function $f(x)$ must be computed.  The output
of the function $f$ requires a new register denoted $F$.  Initially,
the registers $X$ and $F$ are in state
$\sum_x \lambda_x {\cal C}(x) \otimes {\cal C}(0)$, that is, the value
$x$ for the input occurs with probability $|\lambda_x|^2$ and the
register $F$ is initialized at $0$. The result of
the computation of $f$ is the state $\sum_x \lambda_x {\cal C}(x) \otimes
{\cal C}(f(x))$.
When we say that the cheater performs the same algorithm
at the quantum level, we mean that the classical states
${\cal C}(x)$, ${\cal C}(r)$, etc.\  are replaced by orthogonal quantum states
of truly quantum systems.
These techniques will become clear when
examples are discussed in the next section.

Despite the fact  that formally the algorithms are identical,
the cheater will have more flexibility later on if he performs
his algorithm at the quantum level rather than at the classical
level.  It is not true that these
two levels are equivalent.  For example, the truly quantum state
$\alpha |0\rangle + \beta |1\rangle$ can be unitarily mapped
into the state $|0\rangle$, but this is not true for the
corresponding classical state because a part of the overall states
${\cal C}(0)$ and
${\cal C}(1)$ is encoded in an irreversible manner in the environment
or the classical
apparatus, etc.  Therefore, one would
like to find a way to force the cheater to perform real measurements,
as requested in the honest protocol.  This would be useful not
only to realize quantum bit commitment protocols, but to
realize many other quantum protocols, including the important
quantum oblivious transfer protocols~\cite{crepeau94,bbcs91}.

A better
understanding of the situation came after Cr\'epeau proposed a
quantum protocol \cite{bc96,claude}
that uses a computationally secure classical bit commitment
\cite{BCC88,NOVY} as a subprotocol.  The idea was to rely temporarily
on the limitation (in speed) on the cheater during the commit phase to
force him to perform some measurements.  The hope
was that this short-term assumption could be dropped after the commit
phase so as to obtain a quantum bit commitment not relying on any
long-term assumption.   Salvail also proposed a protocol in which two
participants, Alice\ and \mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\ say, want to commit a bit to Bob.  Alice\
and \mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\ are sufficiently far apart that they cannot communicate
during the commit phase.  Again the hope was that this temporary
restriction on the cheaters during the commit phase would be
sufficient to obtain a secure quantum bit commitment not relying on
any long-term assumption.

However, after some thoughts, one realizes that the cheater in Mayers'
attack performs the honest algorithm: the only difference is that he
performs this honest algorithm at the quantum level.  Therefore, if
the cheater has the power to perform the honest protocol (which he
must have) and has the technology to store information at the quantum
level, then he has the power to cheat during the commit phase, despite
the fact that he has not the power to break the computationally secure
bit commitment efficiently, or despite the fact that Alice\  and
\mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\  cannot communicate during the commit phase.  After the
commit phase, the rule of the game is that we must drop the assumption
on the computational power of the cheater, so the fact that a
computationally secure bit commitment was used is irrelevant: the
proof applies.

\section{Quantum attacks}
Here, we analyze the possibility
to use classical bit commitment protocol to force the
cheater to perform a measurement.
Our conclusion is that, surprisingly, a whole class of
classical BC schemes (that are perfectly concealing) fail miserably
in this scenario. Our result is illustrated with the
computational BC scheme of Naor, Ostrovsky, Venkatesen and Yung \cite{NOVY},
and the two-prover BC scheme of Ben-Or, Goldwasser, Kilian and Wigderson
\cite{BGKW}.
The basic idea can be used regardless of the BC scheme.

The attack is inspired from the discussion of the previous section,
but we will focus on the fact that the objective (defeated
by the attack) is to force a measurement rather that an entire
protocol.  In the following, the goal of the protocol is
to force  a measurement using a classical bit commitment.
In the cheating protocol, Alice\ creates a superposition of all
possible honest strategies.
For example, suppose that Alice\ is given a quantum state
$\psi = \alpha |0\rangle + \beta |1\rangle$ to measure
and that Bob is expecting a commitment to the outcome.
In the cheating protocol, Alice measures the state $\psi$ at the quantum
level as explained in the previous section.  Then she performs the
commit part of the (classical) protocol at the quantum level as if she
committed to the outcome of the measurement.  At the end of the
commit phase, this outcome is entangled with other registers
on Alice's side, but it is still in superposition. At
this point there are two possibilities.
\begin{itemize}
\item[$\bullet$] if unveiling is requested, she measures her
remaining quantum state and successfully complete the protocol as if
she had been honest all the way!

\item[$\bullet$] if no unveiling is requested, she undoes the
entanglement in such a way as to recover the state $\psi$ that was
given to her to start with, completely untouched!
\end{itemize}
This completely defeats the purpose of the BC scheme if the
goal was to force a measurement.
We now illustrate this principle with two examples.

\subsection{NOVY Bit Commitment Scheme}
In a computational scenario two techniques reduce bit commitment to
very general cryptographic assumptions: the protocol of Naor
\cite{Naor}
reducing unconditionally binding and computationally concealing bit
commitment to pseudorandomness, and the protocol of
Naor, Ostrovsky, Venkatesen and Yung \cite{NOVY} reducing computationally
binding and unconditionally concealing bit commitment to one-way
permutations. We restrict our attention to this second result and
first present their construction.  In the following, $\pi:\{0,1\}^n \rightarrow
\{0,1\}^n$ denotes a one-way permutation.

\proto{$NOVY/Commit(b)$}{
\step{Alice\/ picks $x \in_{\mbox{R}}\{0,1\}^n$, and computes $y := \pi(x)$,}

\step{{\bf for\ } $i\in\{1,...,n-1\}$ {\bf do\ }}

\step{Bob\/ picks a hash vector $h_i \in_{\mbox{R}}\{0,1\}^n$ and announces it to
Alice,}

\step{Alice\/ announces $r_i := h_i \cdot y$ to Bob,}

\step{{\bf endfor}}

\step{Let $y_0,y_1$ be two solutions to
$\{ r_i = h_i \cdot y_* \}_{1\leq i< n}$
in some fixed order (say $y_0 < y_1$).\\
Alice announces $z := a\oplus b$ to Bob\
where $a$ is such that $y= y_a$.}

}

The fact that this protocol is unconditionally concealing is obvious
since the commitment depends entirely on the fact that Alice\ knows
the inverse of $y_{0}$ or $y_{1}$. Since both have a unique inverse,
it is impossible for Bob\ to tell which one Alice\ knows. Intuitively,
the reason why this protocol is binding is that the problem of
finding two couples $(x_0,y_0)$ and $(x_1,y_1)$ such that
$y_{0}= \pi(x_{0})$, $y_{1}= \pi(x_{1})$ and
$h_i \cdot y_0 = h_i \cdot y_1, {1\leq i< n}$ is difficult.

\proto{$NOVY/Unveil(b)$}{
\step{Alice\/ discloses $b$ and $x$ to Bob,}

\step{Bob\/ checks that $y_{z\oplus b} = \pi(x)$.}
}

Naor, Ostrovsky, Venkatesen and Yung showed that it is computationally
equivalent
to cheat the  unveiling protocol or to inverse the one-way permutation.
Any
efficient algorithm to solve one problem yields an efficient algorithm
to solve the other. Their proof technique involves an algorithm
to convert any attacker $A$ to the commitment scheme to an inverter $I$
of the one-way permutation.

\subsubsection{NOVY on a quantum computer}
In order to describe the cheating protocol, we use standard tricks of
quantum computation. For the reader unfamiliar with quantum computing
we recommend \cite{andre} as an introduction. We now describe precisely
the attack.

\noindent {\bf The attack.}
In the cheating protocol, the
state $\psi = \alpha |0\rangle + \beta |1\rangle$
is the input bit $b$ in superposition.
So, we denote $B$ the register that contains the state $\psi$.

\proto{$NOVY/Commit(*)$}{
\step{Alice\/ chooses $x$ and computes $y = \pi(x)$ at the quantum level,
that is, she sets up quantum registers $X,Y$ in state $\sumd{x\in
\{0,1\}^n}{} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2^n}} \ket{x,\pi(x)}$,}

\step{{\bf for\ } $i\in\{1,...,n-1\}$ {\bf do\ }}

\step{Bob\/ picks a hash vector $h_i \in_{\mbox{R}}\{0,1\}^n$ and announces it to
Alice,}

\step{Let $S_i = \{x |  h_j \cdot \pi(x) = r_j, \mbox{for} 1\leq
j<i\}$.\\
Alice\/ computes $r_i = h_i \cdot y$ at the quantum level, that is,
she sets up registers $X,Y,R$ in state
$\sumd{x \in S_i}{}
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2^{n-i+1}}} \ket{x,\pi(x),h_i \cdot \pi(x)}$,
and announces $r_i$, the outcome of measuring $R$, to Bob.}

\step{{\bf endfor}}

\{
{\rm At this point $S_{n-1}$ contains two solutions $x_0,x_1$ to
$\{ r_i = h_i \cdot \pi(x) \}_{1\leq i< n}$.\\
So the state of the registers $B,X,Y$ is
\begin{eqnarray*}
\lefteqn{(\alpha |0\rangle + \beta |1\rangle) \otimes
\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (|x_0,y_0\rangle + |x_1, y_1\rangle) }\\
&=& \frac{\alpha}{\sqrt{2}} |0,x_0,y_0\rangle
+
\frac{\alpha}{\sqrt{2}} |0,x_1,y_1\rangle
+
\frac{\beta}{\sqrt{2}} |1,x_0,y_0\rangle
+
\frac{\beta}{\sqrt{2}} |1,x_1,y_1\rangle.
\end{eqnarray*}
}
\}

\step{
Alice\/ computes $z := a \oplus b$, where $a$ is the index of $y$,
at the quantum level, that is,
she prepares the registers $B,X,Y,Z$ in the
state
\[
\frac{\alpha}{\sqrt{2}} |0,x_0,y_0,0\rangle
+
\frac{\alpha}{\sqrt{2}} |0,x_1,y_1,1\rangle
+
\frac{\beta}{\sqrt{2}} |1,x_0,y_0,1\rangle
+
\frac{\beta}{\sqrt{2}} |1,x_1,y_1,0\rangle.
\]
Then she measures the register $Z$ and announces $z$ to Bob.}
}

\proto{$NOVY/Unveil(*)$}{
\step{Alice\/ measures registers $B$ and $X$, and announces $b$ and $x$ to Bob,}

\step{Bob\/ checks that $y_{z \oplus b} = \pi(x)$.}

}

\paragraph{If Alice\/  unveils.}
First we want to verify that, if Alice\ unveils the bit,
she passes the test.  Perhaps the easier way to verify this fact
is to actually compute the state she has after the commit  part.
If she announces $z = 0$, the state of $B,X,Y$ is
\[
\alpha |0,x_0,y_0\rangle
+
\beta |1,x_1,y_1\rangle.
\]
If she announces $z = 1$, the state of $B,X,Y$ is
\[
\alpha |0,x_1,y_1\rangle
+
\beta |1,x_0,y_0\rangle.
\]
Note that in both cases, the bit $b$ has the correct distribution
of probability (the one associated with the initial state $\psi$).
Also, one may easily check that $z \oplus b = a$ so that
$y_{z\oplus b} = y = \pi(x)$.  Therefore, Alice\ passes the test.
There is another way to see the same result.
To unveil the bit $b$, Alice\ measures the registers $B$ and $X$.
Because these registers are only used as control registers,
Alice\ could measure them at the beginning
of the protocol (just after the first step) and this would make no
difference (as far as the distribution of probabilities is concerned).
This can actually be verified by checking that the operation
associated with a measurement on $B$ and $X$ (in the computational
basis) and the operation associated with a computation where
$B$ and $X$ are control registers always commute.
In the viewpoint where she measures these registers at the beginning of
the protocol, we are back to the honest classical protocol because
all superpositions disappear.  Clearly, if Alice\  is honest she should
pass the test.

\paragraph{If Alice\/ never Unveils.}
Second we observe that if $NOVY/Unveil(*)$ does not take place, then
Alice\ may recover $\psi$ from her registers $B,X,Y$.
She has only to compute $(x_a,y_a)$  at the
quantum level using $a = b \oplus z$ and then erase
the registers $X$ and $Y$ using a bitwise XOR,
and discard these registers.
Note that to compute $x_a$, she needs to compute $f^{-1}(y_a)$
because she does not know $(x_0,x_1)$, she only knows $(y_0,y_1)$.

\paragraph{Randomness without random tape.}
Alice\ is not committed to a fixed value of $b$ in the cheating
protocol.  This is not breaking the protocol, because even
in the classical world one could easily construct Alice's
strategy so that the attack does not define a fixed bit: she
only has to choose the bit at random.  In fact, the distribution of
probability for the
variables in the cheating protocol is exactly the same
as in the honest protocol. So, in any reasonable
definition of security, one cannot require that Alice\/ is committed to a fixed
bit defined by the attack.

However, there is still a fundamental
difference between the classical situation and the quantum situation.
In the classical world, one can look at Alice's random tape and actually
determine the bit.  So the attack and the random tape together determine
the bit.  This is why we intuitively think that Alice\ is committed to
a fixed bit.  This is not true anymore in the quantum case.
We cannot think anymore that Alice\ is committed to a fixed bit
(determined by  the value of the random tape).
In a quantum protocol, the outcomes of measurements introduce some
randomness which cannot be explained by the use of a random tape.
There is no such a thing as a random tape which uniquely determine the bit.

This means that the na\"\i ve definition of security associated with
classical bit commitment, namely that Alice\ must be committed to a fixed bit,
is not valid anymore in the quantum world.  This is what we consider
a weak quantum attack on classical bit commitment.  This is why the security
criteria proposed in \cite{mayers97} is that Alice\ should be committed
to a random distribution of probability.  This notion of security
is valid in both the quantum and the classical world.

The fact that in a quantum protocol there is randomness without initial
random tape has far reaching consequences (other than simply attacking
our na\"\i ve notion of security for classical bit commitment).  One
important ingredient in the
proof of NOVY, which reduces the security of their classical bit commitment
against Alice\ to the existence of one way permutation, is that the randomized
strategy used by Alice\ is replaced by a deterministic strategy by fixing
the value of the random tape.  Unfortunately, because randomness can
still exist in a quantum protocol even if we fix the initial random
tape, this approach does not work.  One cannot consider that Alice\
performs a fixed strategy.  So the proof of Novy does not (at the
least not directly) apply to quantum attacks.  This is another
kind of quantum attacks against classical bit commitment: here
it's the proof of security that is attacked, not the protocol
directly.

\subsection{Two-Prover Bit Commitment Scheme}
Our second example is the two-prover BC scheme of BGKW.
The assumption used for this protocol is that two parties Alice\/ and
\mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\/ who are allowed to exchange information before the beginning of
the protocol, cannot communicate during the execution of the protocol.
Nevertheless, both of them can talk to Bob. This assumption may be
implemented by trapping Alice\/ and \mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\/ in Faraday cages or using
relativistic effects keeping them separate of a large enough distance.
In an initialization phase, Alice\/ and \mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\/ share information
necessary to run the commitment protocol.

\proto{$2P/Init$}{
\step{Alice\/ picks $r \in_{\mbox{R}}\{0,1\}^n$, and shares it as $r'$ with \mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}},}

\step{Alice\/ and \mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\/ are physically split,}
}

In order to commit they run the following
\proto{$2P/Commit(b)$}{
\step{Bob\/ sets $m_0 := 0^n$ and picks $m_1 \in_{\mbox{R}}\{0,1\}^n$, and announces
them to Alice,}

\step{Alice\ sends $z := r \oplus m_b$ to Bob.}
}

The commitment is concealing because for each $z$ there exists a
unique pair $r_{0},r_{1}$ such that $r_{0} \oplus m_0 = z = r_{1} \oplus
m_1$. On the other hand, it is binding because \mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\ does not know the
value of $m_1$.

If unveiling is required they run

\proto{$2P/Unveil(b)$}{
\step{Alice\/ discloses $b$ and $r$ to Bob,}

\step{\mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\/ discloses $r'$ to Bob,}

\step{Bob\/ checks that $r= r'$ and that $z = r \oplus m_b$,}
}

Since \mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\/ does not know $m_{1}$, she
is restricted to disclosing her $r'$ to have non negligeable
probability of satisfying Bob.

Ben-Or, Goldwasser, Kilian and Wigderson \cite{BGKW} have used this protocol
to prove NP statements in {\em perfect zero-knowledge}. This follows from
the fact that this bit commitment is unconditionally concealing.

\subsubsection{Defeating $2P/Commit$}
Let $R,R'$ be a pair of quantum registers in state $(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
(\ket{00}+\ket{11}) )^n$ shared between
Alice\ and \mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\/ before they are physically separated and let
$B:= \psi = \alpha \ket{0} + \beta \ket{1}$ be a register containing
the particle given to Alice\/ by Bob.

\proto{$2P/Init$}{
\step{Alice\/ and \mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\/ choose and share a common string at the quantum
level, that is, they share registers $(R,R^\prime)$
in state $(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \ket{00} + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \ket{11} )^n$,}

\step{Alice\/ and \mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\/ are physically split,}

}

Commitment is performed by superposition of the honest protocol:

\proto{$2P/Commit(*)$}{
\step{Bob\/ sets $m_0 := 0^n$ and picks $m_1 \in_{\mbox{R}}\{0,1\}^n$, and announces
them to Alice,}

\step{Alice\ computes $z := r \oplus m_b$ at the quantum level, that is,
she prepares registers $B,R,Z$ in state
$$\sumd{r\in \{0,1\}^n}{} \frac{1}{\sqrt{2^n}}
(\alpha \ket{0,r,r \oplus m_{0}} + \beta \ket{1,r,r \oplus m_{1}})$$}

\step{Alice\ measures $Z$ to get $z$ and sends $z$ to Bob.}

}

After $z$ is measured the global state of registers $B,R,Z,R'$ is
$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
(\alpha \ket{0,z \oplus m_{0},z,z \oplus m_{0}} +
\beta \ket{1,z \oplus m_{1},z,z \oplus m_{1}}).$$
Unveiling is performed by measurements on both sides:

\proto{$2P/Unveil(*)$}{
\step{Alice\/ measures $B,R_1,...,R_n$ to get
$b,r_1,...,r_n$, and
discloses $b,r$ to Bob,}

\step{\mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\/ measures $R_1^\prime,...,R_n^\prime$ to get
$r_1^\prime,...,r_n^\prime$ and discloses $r'$ to Bob,}

\step{Bob\/ checks that $r=r'$ and that $z = r \oplus m_b$,}

}

\paragraph{If Alice-\mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\ Unveil}
We now show that this unveiling is always successful.
Remember that after $z$ is measured,
the global state of registers $B,R,Z,R'$ is
$$\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}
(\alpha \ket{0,z \oplus m_{0},z,z \oplus m_{0}} + \beta \ket{1,z \oplus m_{1},z,
z \oplus m_{1}})$$ and thus
the bit $b$ has the correct distribution
of probability (the one associated with the initial state $\psi$).
Also, one may easily check that in both cases $r=z \oplus m_{b}=r'$.
Therefore, Alice-\mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\ pass the test.

\paragraph{If Alice-\mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\ never Unveil}
Second we observe that if $2P/Unveil(*)$ does not take place, then
Alice-\mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\ may recover $\psi$ from their registers $B,R,R'$.
They only have to compute $z \oplus m_{b}$  at the
quantum level and then erase
the registers $R$ and $R'$ using a bitwise XOR,
and discard these registers. This computation may be done efficiently,
but it requires that Alice-\mbox{${\cal A}${\sl lyson\/}}\ get back together.

\section{Discussion and Conclusions}
The first proof provided for the impossibility of bit commitment
has completely obliterated the possibility of creating an
unconditionally secure bit commitment.  However, the attack was only
indirectly described.  Subsequently, specific attempts to by-pass this
general result were proposed\cite{bc96,claude}.  This has shed more
light on the nature of the attack which was finally described
explicitly in \cite{mayers97}.  Our goal here was to provide an
analysis of this general attack in the context of a specific example,
and to create a wholeness for the different papers published on the
subject.
Moreover, we have demonstrated that it is impossible to base the security
of quantum protocols on unconditionally concealing bit commitment schemes,
even if they were proven secure in the classical world.
Notice however that it is still possible to use computationally
concealing BC protocols
such as \cite{Naor} to get a computationally secure Quantum Oblivious Transfer
\cite{crepeau94,bbcs91} protocol based on (quantum) one-way functions;
a result unlikely to be true in the classical scenario.
The big lesson to learn from all this is that quantum
information is always more elusive than its classical counterpart:
extra care must be taken when reasoning about quantum cryptographic
protocols and analyzing them.  We also hope that this paper will help to
clarify the issue of the impossibility of bit commitment in its full
generality.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: How can I access the "Open command window here" option in Windows without holding shift? When you hold Shift while right-clicking a folder in Windows, the context menu includes the option to Open command window here.
Is there a registry tweak, or an extension/add-on, which frees you from the need to hold Shift for this operation?

A: I like using the small CmdOpen shell extension.  It will replace the built-in functionality and enhance it by adding an Open Elevated Command Prompt Here option.  It also adds entries to the context menu of the folder background, so you don't have to mouse over to the tree view and hit a small target (or go up a folder if you have the tree hidden).

A: The above solution can be done without manually editing the registry. Someone has already done the script for us.
http://www.sevenforums.com/tutorials/134840-open-command-window-here-add-remove-shift-right-click.html
Note that before running any reg file, view it to make sure it is safe.

A: Write up on How To Geek, they also include downloadable reg files to make the edits for you, or open regedit and navigate to:
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Drive\shell\cmd

Change the name of the key "Extended", or just delete it, this will give you "Open Command Window Here" on right clicking drives.
For directories do the same thing as above here:
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\shell\cmd

A: *

*Start / regedit

*Browse to each of the following keys in the registry tree:
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Drive\shell\cmd
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\shell\cmd
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\shell\cmd

*Delete the file 'value' called 'Extended'.

Alas the Registry Editor doesn't have a URL bar before Windows 10, so navigating to find those three folders is more tedious than it could be.

A: Other answers have covered the steps, but the import of a REG file can also accomplish this:
Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\Background\shell\cmd]
"Extended"=-
"ShowBasedOnVelocityId"=dword:00639bc8
"HideBasedOnVelocityId"=-

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Directory\shell\cmd]
"Extended"=-
"ShowBasedOnVelocityId"=dword:00639bc8
"HideBasedOnVelocityId"=-

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Drive\Background\shell\cmd]
"Extended"=-
"ShowBasedOnVelocityId"=dword:00639bc8
"HideBasedOnVelocityId"=-

[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT\Drive\shell\cmd]
"Extended"=-
"ShowBasedOnVelocityId"=dword:00639bc8
"HideBasedOnVelocityId"=-

The ShowBasedOnVelocityId and HideBasedOnVelocityId values exist because Windows is trying to force PowerShell over the regular Command Prompt by inserting these values into these keys and the similar \PowerShell keys.
But, before you do this, you will have to ensure that your account has permission to the Registry keys in question since after every major Windows Update the TrustedInstaller account likes to take control of the settings it changes. I generally set the owners of the [HKCR\Directory] and [HKCR\Drive] keys and all subkeys to the Administrators group, then force inheritance of the permissions which grant Administrators full access to all of the subkeys.

A: With Windows 10 version 1607, the security of the keys must be changed in order to be able to change/delete the value (source):

*

*Right-click the key "cmd" in the tree

*Select Permissions...

*Click the Advanced button

*Change the owner to the current user

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


In 1847 the Carricks sinks off the coast of the Gaspé Peninsula. The ship was carrying 187 Irish passengers and… a violin marked "Stradivarius". Now, the bones of lost children come to light, appearing like ghosts on the Cap-des-Rosiers Beach – but to whom do they belong?
Charles Kavanagh, whose ancestors were among the few survivors of the shipwreck, is on a quest to uncover his origins. He only recently learned why he had never found any trace of his ancestors in the Carricks' records: the name Kavanagh was previously Kaveney. With the help of DNA testing of the recovered bones, a voyage retracing the path of his Irish ancestors, and research into the origins of the strange violin, Charles asks: What is in a name? How does it influence our identity? What is left of the legacy of our Irish ancestors in Quebec?
This film looks at the identity of the Quebec people, from the name of an immigrant family, to the identity of deceased children, or the origin… of a violin.


text:
Suwon Samsung Bluewings (hangul: 수원 삼성 블루윙즈) är en fotbollsklubb i Suwon, Sydkorea. Laget spelar i den sydkoreanska högsta divisionen K League Classic och spelar sina hemmamatcher på Suwon World Cup Stadium.

Historia
Klubben bildades 1995 och blev tvåa i sin debutsäsong i K League 1996. Suwon hade sin storhetstid runt sekelskiftet och blev koreanska ligamästare för första gången 1998, en titel som de även försvarade året därpå. De vann fyra ligacuptitlar mellan 1999 och 2001, samt sin första FA-cupfinal år 2002. De vann AFC Champions League två år i rad 2001 och 2002, samt båda Asiatiska supercupfinalerna de också spelade samma år.

Suwon blev ligamästare igen 2004 och för fjärde gången 2008. De vann även FA-cupen 2005 och 2008, samt ligacupen 2009 och 2010. Den senare ligacuptiteln är också deras senaste bedrift. Efter en tid utan samma framgång som under tidigare år blev Bluewings tvåa i ligan både säsongen 2014 och säsongen 2015.

Spelartruppen

Säsongen 2015

Utlånade

Klubbrekord

Säsonger

Meriter

 K League Classic
 Mästare (4): 1998, 1999, 2004, 2008
 Tvåa (4): 1996, 2006, 2014, 2015

 Koreanska FA-cupen
 Mästare (5): 2002, 2009, 2010, 2016, 2019
 Tvåa (3): 1996, 2006, 2011

 Koreanska ligacupen
 Mästare (6): 1999 x2, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2008

 Koreanska supercupen
 Mästare (3): 1999, 2000, 2005

 AFC Champions League
 Mästare (2): 2001, 2002

 Asiatiska cupvinnarcupen
 Tvåa (1): 1998

 Asiatiska supercupen
 Mästare (2): 2001, 2002

Tränare

Referenser
Officiell klubbprofil på kleague.com

Externa länkar
Officiell webbplats

Sportklubbar bildade 1995
Fotbollsklubbar i Sydkorea

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Opened Hand: Reflections on Artur Aristakisyan's Palms
By Graeme Hobbs
Palms, 1993
A hundred years after the invention of cinema, a feature film that is wholly original is a rare discovery. Poetic, spiritual and hallucinatory, Palms is remarkable at every level. The winner of many international awards, this August marks the first release of this unique film on DVD.
A blind, begging boy has been told by his parents, also blind, that everyone in the world is in fact blind. "Not a single person can see himself", they have said. So when the boy is ignored by people, he waits patiently, realising that they may not yet be aware of his presence. Of the many images in Palms that imprint themselves on your mind, this one, of a world populated entirely with blind people living off each other's charity, is at its heart.
Perhaps surprisingly for a film populated almost entirely with beggars, Palms has nothing to do with charity. Its real subject is proximity. In its relentless depiction of life at the margins and with its discomfiting jabs of authenticity, it is an affront to personal space. Why should this be so?
Part of the answer comes in John Berger's essay Steps Towards a Small Theory of the Visible, in which he considers the current omnipresence and elusiveness of images. What are depicted, he says, "used to be called physical appearances because they belonged to solid bodies. Now appearances are volatile. Technological innovation has made it easy to separate the apparent from the existent. And this is precisely what the present system's mythology continually needs to exploit. It turns appearances into refractions, like mirages: refractions not of light but of appetite, in fact a single appetite, the appetite for more."[1]
In contrast to these fugitive appearances, there is no doubt that in Palms we are in the company of solid bodies, maimed and damaged bodies even, not seeking our attention or intervention, utterly indifferent to us at our safe distance, yet completely present. They feed no appetite, create no wealth, yet still they stubbornly exist, heavy with the affront of parasitic life.
One of the usual lures of cinema is the attraction of journeying in safety to places and with people you would not otherwise meet. Palms presents you with no seductive journeys. It does not care about you and it does not indulge you. It leaves you with nowhere to go except back on yourself, making you keenly aware of your own reaction – your disgust, your righteousness, your shame, the boundaries of your love.
The system will engulf everything that has sense.
In Palms, the "system" outside of which the beggars live remains undefined. This is unimportant; political system, social system, system of mercantile totalitarianism, whatever name you care to supply makes no difference. When you are outside of it, the terms are meaningless. The only thing worth knowing is the essential fact that power, wherever it is found, "starts to ferment, like wine". Always.
Palms is a confrontational film. It may even provoke fear in some – a fear of losing control, losing position, losing choice. The latter especially is unendurable. This is why the image of the blind boy begging in a blind world, with all of its people entirely reliant on charity, is central. This is the system's nightmare.
In Aristakisyan's second film, A Place on Earth, set in a hippie commune in Moscow, many of Palms' themes are developed to their extreme. The commune's members have turned against all accepted social hierarchies and codes of separation. There are no longer boundaries between human and animal, adults and children, desire and disease, squalor and food, free love and obligation, your own body and your body's ownership by others. Of that film, Aristakisyan has said that it "reveals our worst fears: it shows the scariest version of what might happen to us."[2] The comment applies equally to Palms.
My son, it's true that I want you to become a beggar. I, your father, wish you to become a beggar, because I love you my son.
There are many words in Palms, remorseless words that follow logic into the abyss. Aristakisyan's first address to his unborn son is also an address to us. His words, an attempt to understand how to save his unborn son's spirit, are profoundly disquieting, for they intimate how we too can save ourselves from spiritual ruination. "Either a man lives in the spirit or in the system, and thereby becomes its agent" he says. The options are terrifyingly limited: have nothing to do with power, beg, go out of your mind. Everything else is compromise. The only thing you may claim to own is your virginity. "Unite your destitution with your virginity. It's all that I can advise you," the unborn son is told. "Destitution will protect you from the system, and virginity from fornication with the system".
When Aristakisyan addresses the man who hides in his basement, nicknamed "Pithecanthropus" by those at the hospital from where he escaped, he tells him, "you'll start speaking later on, when people have used up all the combinations of words and will eat their tongues...you'll speak when people will lose the gift of speech out of shame." The man stares out at us, a rebuke to words used meaninglessly, as if they have no value, and do not refer to people, or things.
If we are reluctant to journey in the film, what hope is there then of salvation? The usual channels are closed. We are not comforted with visions of redemptive beauty. At the end of Chapter I, Bedding and Clothing, the district in which Palms was filmed is shown. It could have been depicted so that the points of reflected light on the ground were made to glisten, to represent hope or promise. They don't. They look like litter.
In Chapter II, Life on a Swamp, there is a scene of a boy drinking from a plate as water flows next to him. This is not the picturesque poverty that sells diaries and calendars. The water is rain overflowing from a gutter that feeds the swamp on which he lives.
We become aware of the urge to transmute images to beauty, or at least something that can be understood in the context of art or cinematic history. With relief we note the scenes of ruined houses and courtyards that resemble daguerrotypes brought back from 19th century travellers, a still-life of a plate of apples, a woman carrying a man down a road that previews a similar situation in Aleksandr Sokurov's Mother and Son, a depiction of a man with doves and a candle emerging from the darkness that calls to mind the chiaroscuro lighting, and maybe even the subject matter, of a Caravaggio painting. These are moments of relief and reassurance that our aesthetics are still in place.
This is to confuse the picturesque with necessity. The houses are condemned, the apples are for sale, the ragman needs to get down the street. There is nothing here to support our world.
The system privileges physical and psychological renewal and reinvention. In Palms, it is confronted by people who wear their stories – of rejection, failure, suffering, indifference, acceptance, dogged resistance – on their bodies instead of erasing them. Such bodies are unsightly to the system. They are the bodies of people just stubbornly there, claiming nothing more than the territory that they inhabit.
There are so many stories here: a woman who lies on the ground for forty years after being deserted, a man who sleeps with doves, a woman who carries the head of her failed executioner in her belongings, a man so taunted that he bit through his veins, a woman who leaves out food and drink for her dead husband who visits during the night, a man who wishes his unborn son to be a beggar. All of these stories are hidden, almost completely, behind nothing more than the palms of beggars. Palms opens our ears.
Watching Palms, I have the curious sensation that it is an artefact of a destroyed civilisation – its epitaph perhaps, or a memento mori that went unheeded.
When his mother bathed him
the wooden trough was whole.
When he pushed himself from eight storeys
the trough broke
and his body now lives between his birth and failed death.
This is a film for beggars.
The blind boy believes that everyone in the world is blind,
so when a person seems to ignore him, he waits
understanding that they may not yet be aware of his presence.
This is a film for the blind.
People with money see an eighth skin on beggars,
a skin of bandages, rags and dirt,
which is a convenient disguise for both.
This is a film for the cold.
A man hides in a basement
and only comes out on Sundays
so he won't be taken away
by those he has escaped.
This is a film for fugitives.
Another man lives in a hill of rubbish
so bloated that passers-by
must push him through his gate.
His fence just holds it all in.
This is a film for hoarders.
Among the pigeons and doves of the city
are those that took food and love from the attic man
and they now keep his memory.
This is a film for the dead.
Beggars, the blind, the cold
fugitives, hoarders and the dead.
We are all watching now
from beneath our clothing
from among the scraps and waste of our lives,
unwilling to lose our tongues
and unable to find our silence.
[1] John Berger, 'Steps Towards a Small Theory of the Visible', in The Shape of a Pocket, London, Bloomsbury, 2001, pp11-12.
[2] "This film is dangerous", Artur Aristakisyan in conversation with Christina Stojanova, Kino-Eye, Vol. 2, Issue 2, Jan 2002 (www.kinoeye.org/02/02/stojanova02.php)
Artur Aristakisyan's Palms ('Ladoni', Russia, 1993) is released by Second Run DVD.
Graeme Hobbs lives and gardens in the English/Welsh borders and creates chapbooks.
Vertigo Volume 3 | Issue 6 | Summer 2007


Awwww, he looks humphed. Or hungry. Or both. Draw him a nice big cauldron of yummy soup?
He is just wonderful Caesar! So much character in those eyes.
So much expression, haha, love it Cesare.
A real treat to my eyes Dear Caesar ! Looking good. I can't wait to see your finished Master Monster work.
Dear Katie, I think he's sensibly disappointed also by the fact that he didn't succeed in the beach beauty contest where he lost against an oysterman corrupting the jury with a pearl ... LOL Thank You!
He's not as cute as Your merry little scamps possibly resembling Your spirit, dear Sandra, but he's a Fantasyland inhabitant as well, old and grouchy like me ... (so my sons say about me sometimes) LOL Thank You!
I'm absolutely glad You like it, dear master SCP, since You are a major inspiration in here when it comes at generating weird and expressive monster characters. Actually I think we should wait a few days before I may propose You an elaboration on it, since I have a little surgical intervention to undergo next thursday.Thank You.
He's obviously outwitted many crab fishermen in as many seasons, there is wisdom and knowledge expressed in his face that suggest he is a great teacher and mentor to all the little crabbies. Of course this is just my take on it, he may be just going out for dinner, he has a spoon! Anyway 'I like it' and look forward to the completed "Mr.Crabster".
I hope your surgery goes well and you have a speedy recovery my friend.
This is a good thought, not far from my vague intuition, dear Stevemawmv, and I think his soup recipe may well be surprising to us. I think I'll go on quickly enough on this after I recover from today's surgery, which should occure in a pretty short time. Thank You!
SCP, thank You very much, dear friend.