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Print August 8, 2022 4 comments
Russian Views, Part One
Part 1 of 2 (Part 2 here)
Is Putin Yul Brenner with hair?
I first saw the 1959 film The Journey on TV when I was a kid watching NBC's Saturday Night at the Movies. With recent events in Russia, it seemed timely, so I looked it up on YouTube. It was fun seeing it in color, as we only had a black-and-white set in those mid-sixties days in rural Missouri (no air-conditioning, either, unless you went to the barber shop or movie theater; church was astonishingly like a proverbial fiery furnace in deep summer. All we had was a large sighing fan and dozens of churchgoers fanning themselves with pictures of Jesus, courtesy of Boyer's Funeral Home).
The movie takes place during the 1956 Hungarian uprising, and Anatole Litvak's The Journey is a kind of Cold War version of Bus Stop. It begins with frantic chaos at the Budapest airport as foreigners scramble to get out of the country. Some hear an impassioned radio announcement calling for help — any kind, any sort. The travelers are more concerned about their own safety, among them an all-star cast with Robert Morley, E. G. Marshall, Anne Jackson and, in his first credited movie role, Ron Howard.
Russian troops and tanks on the runway mean the airport is closed. The travelers are put on a bus that will take them to the Austrian border, among them is Diane Ashmore, a regal but uneasy Deborah Kerr. She is particularly protective of Henry Flemyng (Jason Robards, Jr. in his first film role), and Flemyng seems quite sick and pale to be travelling, as Morley, Morley, a reporter who becomes a sounding board for Diane, observes.
The bus gets stopped by Russian troops. Young Ron Howard sticks his tongue out at Russian troops, who playfully stick theirs out back. On the road, Hungarian rebels search the bus. It's Hungary in the middle of a revolt, before the Soviet Union decided enough was enough and cracked down with tanks.
The bus stops in a town near the border, and Major Surov (Yul Brenner), the Russian commander, halts their journey. He questions the passengers and seizes their passports in a typical case of Communist paranoia, but he is also genteel and gracious. Yul Brenner almost makes you want to be detained. He has his doubts about Flemyng. He also takes an immediate fancy to Diane, and the film is a cat-and-mouse game between them: She is Flemyng's lover, and tries to save him. Surov is determined to have her.
Bus Stop? There's also a dash of Casablanca with goulash and jackboots, with an Ilse — Victor Laszlo — but no Rick, and instead Ilse is wooed by Major Strasser as the travelers are confined in an inn presided over by an ebullient Kurt Kasznar.
Surov tries to remain above the revolt. He rides his horse every day and is a kind and well-liked officer by his men. He assures the travelers that their detention will be brief . . . but somehow it gets longer and longer. They can hear isolated rebel gunshots in the night as the guests dine. Surov shrugs them off, but in his heart, he is unsettled by the revolt. Why are the Hungarians doing this? Russia protects them. It allows them peace. It liberated them. He is drawn to Diane in a conversation that is tinged with romance and confession. He opens his heart to her. Why are they rebelling?
Diane is matter-of-fact: "Because they hate you."
Surov goes out of his way to persuade Diane and the rest of his caged visitors that he does not deserve the Hungarian's hatred as he romances her. The love story is superficial: One glance leads to Surov falling head over heels for Diane, but fifties films were the last act of the sweeping romantic style. In Casablanca, at least Rick and Ilsa had a history, making their romance believable. It's up to the actors to carry such screenplay mechanizations to cinematic verisimilitude, and Brenner and Kerr are excellent salesfolk. They worked together on the dazzling musical The King and I, and Brenner dominates every scene he's in, with Kerr as a powerful contrast. I never considered her very sexy or romantic, but Kerr has a strong measure of commanding dignity — a Maggie Thatcher without the need for a parliamentary majority.
This pairing underscores that The Journey is a rematch of The King and I where two people from contrasting cultures are thrown together, and whatever romance may come from it is overshadowed by the politics in the background.
The King and I, for all its musical spectacle and tuneful dazzle, has a serious story problem: How can Siam preserve its independence while around it Western powers are gobbling up territory? In one scene, King Mongkut (Brenner) is distressed as he learns that the French have just annexed Indochina, and are now able to threaten Siam's borders. The way to keep Siam's freedom appears to be by it presenting itself as "civilized," which means Westernized. Anna Leonowens (Kerr) comes to Siam essentially to do this for his children, so they will be properly educated . . . in the Western manner, and thus not be barbarians.
Surov, like Mongkut, is caught between the tension of showing a compassionate, Western side while also dealing with the political realities of his situation. Surov, however, proposes to educate his captive westerners on Russians being humane, decent, and understanding of Hungary's needs even while it also must protect it. He enjoys dining with his guests. He studies them while he banters with his men, is enticed by gypsy music, and even drinks passionately, biting off the rim of a glass as he drinks, in true Russian fashion. We see a photograph of his family. He gently, and almost playfully argues while Diane is cautious, but always counters him. Surov hopes for romance; Diane plays for time until she can get Flemyng across the border.
Like Anna Leonowens, she can't really love the protagonist unless he can first be civilized. In The King and I, Mongkut's civilizing goes on very pleasantly, leading to him waltzing with her, but ends when it is revealed that Tuptim, a recent concubine from Burma, has run off with her lover. Mongkut must kill her for dishonoring him. Anna is cold and furious: "Your Majesty," she almost intones to him, "you are a barbarian."
This sends Mongkut off in a mad dash away from Anna. Later, he is on his deathbed . . . dying from spurned love? A broken heart? The shame of being a barbarian? It's a musical, and people die dramatically, not realistically. But when he dies, the Crown Prince instructs his subjects that from now on, all Siamese with bow to him rather than fall on their knees. They will bow like Westerners. Anna has won.
Diane tries to spirit Flemyng out of the country. Surov outthinks her, catches them, and Flemyng is taken . . . but he also has him treated for his wounds by a Russian doctor. He seems open to Diane's imprecations, but on his terms.
As for the passengers, they're anxious and very impotent, and thus altogether human. Among them stands Rhinelander (E. G. Marshall), a sedate, unheroic American who is nervous but also decent, wanting to do what he can to protect his family. It's interesting that his wife Margie is the most outspoken of the two — or is this normal, perhaps intended to show the decline of the post-war American male? For all of our praise of the fifties as a time of firm values and masculine behavior, there were many cries that American men had grown "soft," especially in the Korean War. Rhinelander's hesitant decency has little sway compared to Surov's swaggering masculinity.
Surov enjoys dining as he studies these people, and does not see them as worthy adversaries. One of them is Von Rachlitz, a German businessman and former Luftwaffe officer. He has his daughter Gisela with him, and when Russian troops are ordered to herd the passengers into a room, one of them touches Gisela. She panics. This seems to come out of nowhere, but is likely a shorthand reference to the large-scale rapes the Red Army inflicted upon the women of Central Europe, especially Germany. Soldiers were encouraged by Soviet propaganda to take revenge for the Motherland, and although it is not mentioned in this script, Gisela's fear and Von Rachlitz's concerned helplessness might be incomprehensible to an American audience, but would have been understood by a European one, Germans especially, even as they tried to forget the atrocities committed against them as they built the Wirtschaftwunder.
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Surov doesn't want to rape Diane, but wishes to conquer her. It's almost reminiscent of high female ideals being brought down to earth — much like in High Noon, when Grace Kelly's Amy Kane must disregard her Quaker ideals of virtue and peace as Will Kane goes out to deal with his potential murderers. Diane's attempt to get Flemyng out of the country earns the other passengers' approbation; she is jeopardizing all of their lives and liberty. It is also reminiscent of High Noon in that nobility and courage are not communal values shared by the crowd. Their most vocal advocate is Margie Rhinelander (Anne Jackson), who makes a fierce, impassioned speech about her love of family, the unborn child she carries, and how she wants to escape and see her family, safe, back in the free world. It's stirring, and Margie suggests that Diane offer herself to Surov to save them all.
After sniping by Hungarian rebels grows, killing Surov's horse, he sadly has a soldier put it out of its misery. Diane appears, and he asks her if she came willingly. She says no.
Surov lets her go, having seemed to have won a victory — or at least, in Cold War fashion, breaking the stalemate. The passengers are freed and, to Diane's great surprise, Surov turns up at the border and releases Flemyng to Diane.
Perhaps he has proven, unlike King Mongkut, that he truly isn't a barbarian, something he seems to want more than Diane's love. But as everyone enters Austria, the Hungarian rebels, especially the woman leading them, settle accounts with Surov in a decidedly uncompromising way.
It's a movie that, at the height of the Cold War, tried to strike a balance between showing Russia's human side while depicting the brutality of their control over Eastern Europe. For many Russians, it wasn't brutal at all; they were creating order in a wrecked land, bringing socialism and moral purpose to lands that had been held by, and had been somewhat sympathetic to, the Nazis. (See my review of Hitler's Empire.) As Marshall Zhukov said of Eastern Europe: "We freed them and they will never forgive us." This might be Surov's feeling as well. For all his apparent decency, he is struck by Diane's stern "because they hate you."
Despite Surov's and Zhukov's views, there was a lot to hate. The Soviet assault on Budapest in 1944-45 was a particularly savage battle. Hitler declared the city a fortress to be defended at all costs, especially by the SS. German and Hungarian troops contested the city and its suburbs yard by yard. When a suburb was recaptured by the SS, they found that the women had been raped en masse, some screaming for the SS to kill them. Civilians were found nailed to barns, and civilians were reduced to eating horse meat.
Russian vengeance for a savage, unyielding resistance was thorough. Anyone with a German name was shipped off to Siberia. German wounded were doused in gasoline and set on fire. Hungarians were also imprisoned and shipped to Siberia; few returned. All of this was a major factor in the determined way the Nazis defended Berlin — yet the destruction of Budapest was barely noticed in the West, much as all the swirling ethnic strife in Eastern Europe is ignored by those of us in the West today who remember the Second World War as a tidy crusade between dictatorship and democracy. The epic, bloody, almost castrating battles such as Budapest are unknown to us. As George Orwell said of William Thackeray, the only historical fact he could recall was that England won the Battle of Waterloo. For us, it is that there was only one decisive battle in the Second World War, and it was D-Day.
The passengers' impotence is not only a reflection of Surov's control over them, but of the West in the mid-fifties. Many were angry that the West never came to Hungary's aid. Eisenhower dashed any thoughts of that. It was made clear that the lines of occupation established at Yalta would be kept, and for all America's disdain for the Soviet Union, they respected the post-war agreements and didn't try to expand. The Berlin blockade could be seen as an experimental probe by Stalin, or as trying to reduce an unnatural occupation by the Western Allies in Berlin.
Eisenhower was determined to keep the peace. After Korea, where the "soft" Americans were pushed back by China, he wanted no more wars. European and world anger at Western impotence over Hungary was also a result of the Suez crisis, which happened simultaneously with the Hungarian uprising, when Britain, France, and Israel had tried to topple Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser after he nationalized the Suez Canal. These countries were too tied down in the Suez to effectively counter the Soviet Union in Hungary. Eisenhower took Nasser's side and demanded that the war cease. It was a war which showed that the Allied solidarity of the Second World War was finally dead; additionally, the British and French empires melted away within a decade. The Arab world praised America for its fairness — ah, the days when Arabs actually liked us! The real powers in the world were America and Russia, much as Diane is a determined but helpless England pleading and debating with a virile Surov.
Unlike Anna Leonowens, Diane will not remain an educator, a pacifier of imported values. She has to escape to the West with her lover, and one wonders if this film, thoughtful and in my opinion well-done as it was (it was not a box office success; it probably needed Bogie, who was perhaps too old, or maybe Rock Hudson), is prophetic regarding Russia and the West. Russia was strong, virile, and undefeated. The West and its nanny, America, were equally strong, but helpless to overthrow Russia or modify — "civilize" — its behavior. In fact, as noted earlier, for all the pride America felt for its victory in 1945, by the mid-fifties there was an uneasy sense that it was losing the race with Russia, or that it could only hold on to its superiority with technology. Despite Patton's boasts, it was generally felt that American troops wouldn't be able to stand up to the Russian hordes (we thought of the Red Army as a horde, not as an institution of men); Russia itself was seen as semi-civilized, and lacking the West's social and democratic humanity.
I grew up in a world which saw Russia as being crude; as a nation it was an ogre and, naturally, a rapist. America had to hold it back. Our bases ringed the world. Some said this was American imperialism; many of our generals and statesmen said that this was not the case and that they were nothing more than a defense perimeter.
The Journey, made in 1959, depicted events in 1956. The sense that Russia was crude and barbaric was quite common, and America got a real shock when the Russians launched Sputnik. The idea that this horde of Cossack thugs could orbit a satellite around the Earth stunned our society and our leadership. There were immediate crash-courses in science. Our schools were deemed second-rate. In many ways, the hysteria then over our children's schooling was as great as the recent howling over Critical Race Theory. Surely, the Russians had used espionage or traitors to learn how to design the satellite. They weren't that smart, were they?
I imagine Surov would have had a very good, long laugh over this.
Yul Brenner enjoyed playing the roguish, catlike Russian who broke stereotypes.
Maurice Chevalier always played the urbane optimist: an easy-going, happy, laissez-faire example of the perfect Frenchman. An easy-going, laissez-faire Russian is impossible to imagine, but Brenner came close to being a Russian Chevalier: pleasant, full of life and charm, but with an edge where you don't really unbutton yourself around him.
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In only a slight shift, Brenner went from Surov to Captain Stoloff in the 1971 film Romance of a Horse Thief. It's a kind of Fiddler on the Roof with horse thieves, hookers, and scheming, albeit without the wholesome singing about tradition and matchmaking.
It is 1905 and the Czar has declared war on Japan. Horses are needed to fill the cavalry's ranks. Since it is Czarist Russia, there is no horse trading, simply confiscation, and after seizing horses, soon men will be confiscated as well to serve the Czar. Stoloff enters into a battle of wits with Kifke (Eli Wallach), horse thief extraordinaire. Stoloff romances many women but feels no need to show his civilized side; it is there for all to see, and he asserts himself as a generous but firm Russian officer. Stoloff has a Cossack coat made, all the while sniping at the lousy job the Jewish tailor is doing. At a drinking party, like Surov, Stoloff bites the rim off a glass.
As Surov listens to his captive passengers with curiosity but indifference to their longing to be free, so Stoloff enjoys his interrogation of Naomi (Jane Birkin), a revolutionary who showered the audience with revolutionary pamphlets at a ceremony honoring the Czar.
"Why did you do this?" a curious but bemused Stoloff asks Naomi.
When she talks of the class system and its oppressive nature, he holds up a finger to quiet her. "Don't insult my intelligence," he says. She tries again: "There must be change."
"Of course," Stoloff says. "Life is full of change. All will change in time into something else." He shrugs. "It doesn't need any help from you."
Naomi evades Stoloff's justice, as does Kifke, whose elaborate ruse should humiliate Stoloff, but even after being tricked, he makes the best of a bad situation as he and his cronies hotfoot it across the German border, and ultimately, to America.
Stoloff offers a medal to the officer who let them get away "for his actions in expelling a group of radical subversives from the Russian motherland." After all, a few less Jews can only be a good thing for Russia.
Russia has been portrayed as a rough, savage land. Certainly, many in power in the West maintain this position. J. F. C. Fuller, a conservative military strategist, was one of many urging a strong alliance with Germany to keep Russia out of Europe. It was he who, in his commentaries, called Stalingrad "a Thermopylae in reverse."
But is Russia the eternal savage, or might the West have its own dash of savagery? We know about Hitler, not to mention Napoleon. But in Taras Bulba (1962), Brenner plays a Cossack chief who sees Ukraine free itself from the Turks just in time to start fighting Polish domination. The Poles lay down the law: Cossacks will offer their military services to Poland wherever they are needed, such as then, in the Baltics. Bulba has a different take. The Cossacks joined the Poles to kick out the Turks, but now they want to be left alone. An artillery barrage is Poland's answer, much like air strikes are to those who remain uncowed by America. Bulba sends his sons to be educated in Kiev so they can learn Western ways and use them to help defend the Cossacks. There is a love story that teeters on the edge of soppy, but the political message, as in The King and I, is apparent: Will the Cossacks keep the Poles at bay and hold onto their steppes?
Brenner's Bulba is tough, noble, merciless, and not for sale. Zelensky, the current President of Ukraine, is anybody's. In the end, Bulba is forced to kill his son (Tony Curtis) for having joined the Poles in order to stay with a Polish woman he loves, but as the Poles attack and seek to overrun the Cossacks, Taras Bulba leads them into a trap, and the supposedly numerically superior and better-armed Poles are massacred. Bulba takes their city from them — but doesn't sack it, as he and his Cossacks had already starved the inhabitants in a siege. Instead, he is compassionate and offers to feed the beaten Poles, not sacking the city because it is now theirs: a Cossack city. It is a strange foretaste of Russia's "Special Operation," where the Russians have been avoiding causing damage to urban areas they expect to rule.
We see the presumed "savage" Easterner behaving as a better humanist than his supposed Western betters. When I examine the current stalemate of Europe versus Russia, I'm reminded of Rome: not the great, civilizing Rome of my childhood history classes and library reading, but a conniving, dissipated, and ruthless oligarchy with a cosmic case of tunnel vision.
Certainly these days it seems that the defense of democracy is less noble than, say, in 1956. Diane could speak for freedom in a firm and unclouded voice and tone that would today sound opaque. Since the West is jailing people for any number of violations, including countering the official narrative on anything from Ukraine to Covid, can we, unlike Diane, look Surov in the eye?
Is Ukraine truly an embattled country, much like Hungary was in 1956, fighting for freedom, or it is a kind of Slavic Cuba, where investors and American deep-staters are turning this land of wheat into a buffer zone-cum-money laundering operation? Is Russia once again the evil bear seeking to devour a peace-loving neighbor, or is it Christ driving the moneychangers from the temple?
Both sides can — and are — being argued. But a difference is in Putin's leadership.
Traditional Russian leadership — that of chairmen of the board like Stalin, Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov — was dull and brutal. Putin has a kind of charm. He speaks well. He can be ironic and sarcastic. In a sense, he is a Yul Brenner running Russia. The question is, where and who is our Diane? We lack her clear-thinking nobility and verity. Instead, the West is ruled by a confederacy of dunces.
Russia, while feared and looked down on in the West, has saved its bacon more than once. Russia broke Napoleon. In 1848, their army helped the Hapsburgs keep their throne against nationalist revolutionaries. The Russians may not have won the First World War, but their pressure certainly kept Germany from overwhelming France in the first weeks of August 1914. And any student of military history must acknowledge that it was the Red Army that broke Hitler.
An incredible corruption, moral slide, and authoritarianism now consumes Europe, and there are those who, mixing the fanciful with desperation, wish for a Russian army to take Ukraine and then move on to break the European Union's chains. Of course, seeing Putin as a benign savior of the West is very misleading, much like how many Ukrainians saw Hitler as their liberator.
Winston Churchill argued that the decisive factor of the twentieth century was that Americans spoke English. The historian John Lukacs argued, in this vein, that the deciding factor of the twenty-first century might be that the Russians are white.
It remains to be seen what will happen to a West seemingly determined to kill itself.
Diane is no longer with us; instead, we have Surov in the Kremlin, and I wonder if Putin, as Yul Brenner's spirit, would want to save us. Or is he merely smiling with enigmatic eyes as he watches the West's journey end while its passengers, impotent and undirected, argue, sigh, and pass resolutions over and over again?
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The Kennedy Assassination & Misreading Data
White Nationalism vs. Racially-Conscious White Ethnonationalisms Part 2
Tár: Reflections on the Artist vs. the Hive
1956 RevolutionAmerican imperialismBattle of BudapestBudapestCossacksDeborah KerrHungarymovie reviewsPolandprejudices against RussiaRomance of a Horse ThiefRussiaRussian war crimesRusso-Japanese WarRusso-Ukrainian WarSteven ClarkTaras Bulbathe Cold WarThe JourneyThe King and Ithe Second World Warthe Soviet UnionUkraineUkraine crisisUkraine WarVladimir PutinWar in UkraineYul Brenner
That's a good tally of Brynner pictures. I would add:
"Anastasia" — By the time this movie was made nobody believed any Romanov survived the Red butcher squad. Even so Yul and Ingrid Bergman made the idea work fairly well for about 2 hours. As the Russian conman the movie truly belongs to Yul.
"The Brothers Karamazov" — A good cast and a strong perf0rmance by a young William Shatner as little brother makes this fun. It comes nowhere near Dostoevsky. But Yul is fine and the story is there.
The sad part: The commercial he commissioned to run after his death from cancer. He had smoke 120 cigarettes all his adult life. When the video was broadcast in the 80s, I have no doubt many young fellows gave up smoking right there.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JNjunlWUJJI
Kök Böri says:
nobody believed any Romanov survived the Red butcher squad
And later Pole Goleniewski, former Polish intelligence officer and then defector, declared himself survived Russian Prince Alexey, the son of Tsar. That was an interesting story.
Ray Caruso says:
"Approbation" means "approval". I don't think that's what the author meant.
The real life prototype of Taras Bulba by Gogol was Nogay prince and great poet of the 16th century Dosmambet Azawly (or Azauuly or Azavla, i.e. Dosmambet of Azov, he was ruler of Azov, the Qazaqs call him Dospambet). The fictive story of Taras Bulba and his son Andriy is copied from the real story of Dosmambet and his son Kosay, only Bulba´s Andriy in Gogol´s novel fell in love with a Polish girl and defected to the Poles, but real Kosay fell in love with a Türkish girls and defected to Osman Türks, which were then in conflict with Azov Nogays.
I would say that Brynner in the old American movie looks more like a Nogay prince, than like a Slav. (In reality the "Ukrainian Cossacks" were originally slavized descendants of Iranoaryan and Türkic nomades of the Great Steppe, only later some fugitive Ukrainian, Russian and Polish serfs joined them.)
Interesting, that the name of Gogol himself is written in Ukrainian as Hohol, and that word origins from Türkisch Kök Ul(y), i.e. "son of the blue (sky)". So were called the personal guards of Cingizids.


No sportsman has ever had such an effect on the world as Muhammad Ali. He was the greatest boxer of all time and yet that only tells part of the story. His influence extended beyond sport to the worlds of politics and civil rights. At a pivotal point in the history of the United States, Ali was an icon to millions across the world.


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Seen in one posh Paddington restaurant: Daniel Radcliffe and parents having dinner. Yes, that's Paddington, Sydney. He was over here for New Years.
Scholastica, which I believe to be the HP books US publisher, said this: We now expect publication of the fifth Harry Potter book to occur early in our 2004 fiscal year, which begins June 1, 2003. Woo!
The Nerk, who often unknowningly contributes to this site by being her creative wonderful self, bascially put all my CoS feelings into one compact blog post. Go on, read her thoughts on CoS.
Heh. This isn't really news, but I saw CoS today! And much fun was had. My post-movie reaction, written at 1am in the morning, was Movie was good, if not brilliant, and I really enjoyed it; also had lots of fun just laughing at bad lines, making snide comments about some choices made to what stayed and what went from the book, and squealing about some casting that was just perfect (eg. Branagh, the girl playing Myrtle).
Australian premiere of CoS on 28/11/02. By the 29th, it can be reported the movie has created box office history in Australia, grossing $2.3 million in one day. The film is now the fourth biggest opening film of all time in Australian box office history.
This weekend, Daniel Radcliffe made his stage debut in Prince Charles' play, dressing in drag to play a French aristocratic dame at the time of the revolution.
London (and thus, World) premiere of the movie of the second book, Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets. JK Rowling attends.
Richard Harris, who plays Albus Dumbledore in the first and second HP movies, has died aged 72, after a battle with cancer (Hodgkin's Disease).
Second trailer available on the internet. You can find links for downloads (different players and speeds) here.
A short teaser for CoS can be found here.
The current American issue of Vanity Fair has an article on the upcoming CoS movie, and has some exclusive pictures. You can find them all linked here at The Leaky Cauldron.
New publicity pictures for the CoS movie are released on the Warner Bros. site; I found the links collected in this post at The Leaky Cauldron.
Posters for sale can be found here. They include new stills from the CoS movie, as well as montages for different characters (Harry, Ron, Dumbledore etc).
A new director has been chosen for the third HP movie, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban: Alfonso Cuaron. Cuaron has adapted two other literary works for the screen before: A Little Princess by Frances Hodgson Burnett, and Great Expectations by Charles Dickens. His latest movie is Y Tu Mama Tambien (And Your Mother Too), a Mexican road-trip dramedy that has mostly been acclaimed for its raunchy scenes.
So far it appears that main trio of Dan Radcliffe, Rupert Grint and Emma Watson will be back to reprise their roles of Harry Potter, Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger respectively (puberty depending); Tom Felton should also return as Draco Malfoy. No word so far on who will play Professor Lupin. The third movie will not be coming out until 2004.
First official pictures from the Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (CoS) movie were printed in the American magazine Entertainment Weekly and reproduced online (as well as reprinted in Australia in Who Weekly).
A site where all and any Harry Potter related news is posted almost as soon as it is released somewhere, sent in by fans all over the world. Extremely dedicated and useful; pictures and information galore.
For all the facts as researched from the HP books. Comprehensive, contributed to by many, and includes theories and essays written on aspects of the HP world.
Directed more to the movie fanbase, with games and interviews with the cast etc.


This is where my Blog Journey began last year, Welcoming Wisdom. The crèche is left up until the day of the Magi's Visit. It is the first thing to come out for the Holidays and the last to be put away.
The stories of the Three Astrologers/Magi, followers of Zoraster, have always intrigued me. They are so full of magic no matter which biblical version you read. But it's the symbolism that I like to celebrate each year, the reminder to seek Wisdom and the Gifts of the Heart and Spirit.
The last celebration of the Christmas season is one we look forward to because it is time of French Onion Soup! Since we don't eat red meats, I make it with chicken broth instead. I'm sure it's lighter tasting but after all these years it taste perfect to us. I made homemade chocolate mousse and whip cream topping this year, too. I was looking for a lighter dessert, but by the time I added the heavy cream, I don't think it was light in calories. But it was organic! LOL and very good.
Do you get all antsy when guests are coming to dinner? Lots of people do. This is casual. Whatever is there is fine, it's done with love for my little family. I hope I never get antsy about what to put on the table ever again.
I am still longing for the simplicity of white and silver settings. So the chargers were very simple silver, the white dishes I love, and don't love because they chip like crazy, tarnished silver pieces and white roses.
For You and All of Us.
thank you for sharing... it's amazing how, even with the business of the season, with decorating, and cooking for family and cleaning the house, God manages to give us the wisdom and the comfort we seek especially on Christmas Day. He knows our hearts, and He rewards us for our sacrifices. God Bless!
Hi, Donna, what a beautiful table setting & the meal sounds delicious. Wishing you a wonderful 2008 also..with all the hopes & dreams that it contains.
sorry to hear your white dishes chip so bad. I almost held out to try to collect some of those too, when I ran across those Pfaltzgraff white ones at the yardsale & now I'm adding to that set. They seem to be perfect for everyday.


NRB President & CEO Dr. Jerry A. Johnson was pleased to have the opportunity to visit with Speaker of the House John Boehner (R-OH) this week in the U.S. Capitol.
Dr. Johnson shared with Speaker Boehner about NRB's ongoing work to advance biblical truth, promote media excellence, and defend First Amendment principles, particularly the rights to freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and freedom of the press.
Speaker Boehner delivered the keynote address at the NRB Convention Media Leadership Dinner in February 2011.


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(Lietuvių) Kostas (Konstantinas) Daukantas, kunigas (1896-1941)
(Lietuvių) Petras Auglys, kunigas (1861-1937)
(Lietuvių) Baltramiejus Auglys, pasaulietis (1886-1932)
Valentas Balčius, kunigas (1907-1941)
(Lietuvių) Vaclovas Balsys, kunigas (1905 08 04-1941 06 22)
(Lietuvių) Zenonas Baužys, kunigas (1908-1947)
Danutė BURBAITĖ
young layperson of the diocese of Vilkaviškis
born: 1950 in Burbai, Lazdijai (Lithuania)
died: 23 May 1970 in Kapčiamiestis, Lazdijai (Lithuania)
(Lietuvių) Jonas Burneika, kunigas (1901-1956)
(Lietuvių) Severinas Buteikis, kunigas (1911-1939)
(Lietuvių) Voldemaras Vytautas Čarneckis (1893–1942)
(Lietuvių) Justinas Dabrila, kunigas (1905 03 15-1941 06 22)
(Lietuvių) Vaclovas Dambrauskas, Kuršėnų klebonas, kanauninkas (1878-1941)
(Lietuvių) Jonas Damijonaitis (1901–1951)
Pranas Dovydaitis
Pranas Dovydaitis pronunciation (born December 2, 1886 in Runkiai; died November 4, 1942 in Sverdlovsk, RSFSR) was a Lithuanian politician, Prime Minister of Lithuania, teacher, encyclopedist, editor, and professor. He was a Signatory of the Act of Independence of Lithuania.
(Lietuvių) Paulius Grablikas (1908–1941)
(Lietuvių) Pranas Gustaitis, kunigas (1910-1946)
(Lietuvių) Jonas Ilskis, kunigas (1907-1985)
(Lietuvių) Ambraziejus Jakavonis, kunigas (1886-1943)
(Lietuvių) Petras Jasas, kunigas (1910-1992)
(Lietuvių) Andrius Juknevičius, kunigas (1882-1941)
(Lietuvių) Justinas Juodaitis, prelatas (1899 – 1923 – 1969)
(Lietuvių) Petras Kairys, pasaulietis, vargonininkas (1884-1937)
(Lietuvių) Levas Karsavinas, mokslininkas (1882 12 01-1952 07 20)
Zinaida-Emilija Seiliūnaitė-Kanevičienė
layperson of the diocese of Panevėžys; married
born: 18 March 1893 in Girnakalnis, Trakai (Lithuania)
died: 26 June 1941 in Panevėžys (Lithuania)
(Lietuvių) Elena Klimaitytė (1918–1944)
(Lietuvių) Antanas Kruša, kanauninkas (1901–1925–1952)
(Lietuvių) Matas Lajauskas, kunigas (1872–1941)
(Lietuvių) Kazimieras Lajauskas, kunigas (1892−1921)
(Lietuvių) Juozas Laukaitis, prelatas (1873–1952)
(Lietuvių) Bronius (Bronislovas) Laurinavičius, kunigas (1913-1962)
Vladas Mironas, priest (1880-1953)
Vladas Mironas (June 22, 1880 in Kuodiškės – February 18, 1953 in Vladimir) was a Lithuanian priest, politician and later Prime Minister of Lithuania.
In 1905, Mironas participated in the Great Vilnius Seimas and, in 1917, the Vilnius Conference. He was elected to the Council of Lithuania and became its second vice-chairman. Later he left politics and worked as a priest.
After the coup d'état in 1926, he was elected to the 3rd Seimas, and after couple of years again returned to priesthood. 1938 he was offered to become the Prime Minister of Lithuania representing Lithuanian Nationalists Union. In 1941 he was arrested and imprisoned, being freed a few days later by the Lithuanian Activist Front. Arrested again in 1945, he was forced to collaborate with NKVD and worked in Vilnius. As his collaboration with NKVD proved not to be satisfactory, Mironas was arrested yet again in 1947 and subsequently sent to Vladimir Prison, where he died in 1953.
(Lietuvių) Juozas Montvila, kunigas (1885-1912)
(Lietuvių) Kazimieras Olšauskas, kunigas (1911–1934–1954)
(Lietuvių) Petras Paulaitis, pasaulietis, mokytojas (1904-1986)
(Lietuvių) Konstantinas Paulavičius, kunigas (1882-1941)
(Lietuvių) Jonas Petrika, kunigas (1885 04 13-1941 06 22 )
(Lietuvių) Leonas Puciata, teologas, profesorius (1884-1943)
(Lietuvių) Paulius Racevičius, kunigas (1908 12 15–1933–1941 06 27)
(Lietuvių) Pranciškus Ramanauskas, Telšių vyskupas, teologijos mokslų daktaras, profesorius, kankinys, spaudos darbuotojas (1893-1959)
(Lietuvių) Stanislovas Rimkus (1912-1942)
(Lietuvių) Ignas Skrupskelis (1903-1943)
(Lietuvių) Jonas Staškevičius, kunigas (1910–1955)
(Lietuvių) Antanas Šapalas (1911–1945)
(Lietuvių) Vladislovas Taškūnas, kunigas (1880 11 11–1904–1967 02 18)
(Lietuvių) Jonas Tutinas, kunigas (1894-1941)
(Lietuvių) Juozapas Usonis, kunigas (1867-?)
(Lietuvių) Boleslovas Vėgėlė, kunigas (1880-1941)
(Lietuvių) Pranciškus Vitkevičius, kunigas (1877-1941)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Occupational therapy is available to clients receiving low vision rehabilitation services through the Forsythe Center. Our occupational therapy services help clients learn adaptive techniques for completing everyday tasks, maximizing their remaining vision and overcoming the challenges of vision loss. Our specialized occupational therapists develop individualized treatment plans to meet the personal goals of each client.
Please consult your insurance provider to determine whether occupational therapy services are covered by insurance.


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No plea in York bail bonds agent's case
Watch a video of Michael Hansen Sr. and his bail agents arresting Lisa Brown, allegedly illegally, police say.
No plea in York bail bonds agent's case Watch a video of Michael Hansen Sr. and his bail agents arresting Lisa Brown, allegedly illegally, police say. Check out this story on yorkdispatch.com: https://www.yorkdispatch.com/story/news/2017/01/19/lancaster-woman-opposes-york-bail-bonds-plea-deal/96768260/
Liz Evans Scolforo, 505-5429/@LizScolforoYD Published 6:06 p.m. ET Jan. 19, 2017 | Updated 12:06 p.m. ET Jan. 24, 2017
Michael Hansen Sr., York-based bail agent and former bail bondsman(Photo: Submitted)
A scheduled guilty-plea hearing Friday morning in Lancaster County court for York-based bail agent Michael Hansen Sr. did not happen as planned, and for now it appears he will stand trial.
"Lancaster County Judge Howard Knisely has placed this case on a list for trial and, at this point, that is how our office intends to proceed," said Brett Hambright, spokesman for the Lancaster County District Attorney's Office.
"Mr. Hansen decided not to plead guilty today, which is well within his legal right," he wrote in an email.
Hambright said there was never a negotiated plea agreement made between prosecutors and Hansen. The bail agent's alleged victim in the case has said she was notified by an official involved in the case that an agreement had been made.
Hansen is accused of illegally arresting Lisa Brown, a Lancaster City woman, smashing up her home and stealing her dog in an effort to force her to tell them where her bail-skipping ex-boyfriend was.
Brown told The York Dispatch on Thursday that she was notified earlier this week that a plea agreement had been reached. She said she is opposed to one.
"It's not fair," the 45-year-old grandmother of six said. "They're trying to drop the felony charge for (Hansen allegedly) stealing my dog down to a misdemeanor. After what he did to me, it's just sad."
Lancaster County court records indicated Hansen, 50, of Emerald Avenue in West Manchester Township, had a guilty-plea hearing scheduled for 9 a.m. Friday.
"It hurts me so bad," Brown said. "I think they think I'm a nobody, so they can do this to me and get away with it. They're allowing him to get away with it."
She said she's unsure the presiding judge has even been informed that video of the incident exists, shot by a family member of Brown's. The York Dispatch obtained a copy of the video Thursday.
More than probation: Hambright earlier said it's not appropriate to publicly disclose the exact terms of plea negotiations.
"But we can say we are absolutely not going to present a negotiated plea to the judge which calls for probation," he said.
Reached Thursday afternoon, Hansen declined immediate comment.
Brown's attorney, Heather Reiner, said Hansen and his bail agents kept going to Brown's home because they apparently thought she knew where her ex, Joshua Green, was hiding and were pressuring her to tell them.
"This was all a pretext for harassing her," Reiner said."That's why they stole her dog."
Hansen and his crew kept Boss, a cane corso, for about a week, according to Brown, who got her dog back after York County detectives went to Hansen's former bail bond business and found him there.
Canine collateral? Reiner said Hansen told her he was keeping her client's dog as collateral.
"I said, 'You can't do that,'" Reiner recalled. "He said, "We're keeping it until she tells us where Josh is.'"
Hansen has said he took the dog for "hygienic and health purposes," according to court documents, but Reiner said there are veterinary records from that time period that show Boss was up to date on his shots and in good health.
Brown said she was diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder after being arrested by Hansen and his crew.
"I'm taking medication for depression," she said. "I can't sleep at night. I go to HACC, and in school I can't concentrate or focus."
Brown said that, for the record, she had no idea where Green was hiding, that she had an active protection from abuse order against him at the time, and that she called police when he tried to come to her home.
Former bail bonds office manager pleads guilty to sex solicitation
She was one of the co-signers on Green's $1,000 bail piece, and Green had missed a court date, according to police.
The allegations: Hansen went to Brown's home about 7 p.m. Dec. 8, 2015, when she wasn't there, along with his former Central Booking Bail Bonds employees Skylar Rhoades and Jesse King.
The trio went into her home and smashed things inside, then called Lancaster City Police and told them there were stolen goods in the apartment, court documents allege. Police found nothing stolen but noted it appeared the apartment had been rifled through, documents state.
The men then took Boss and left, police said.
A few hours later, they returned, accompanied by another employee, Michael Hansen Jr., who is Hansen Sr.'s son and who also worked at Central Booking Bail Bonds. Hansen Sr. was holding a shotgun, which he pointed at some onlookers, police allege.
Brown arrested: The men arrested Brown, but they had no authority to do so, according to charging documents.
They took her to the office of former District Judge Walter Groom, where she had an outstanding fine on a summary case, akin in seriousness to a traffic ticket, and that's when Reiner was summoned to represent Brown.
Groom's office manager later told authorities Hansen had contacted her office and said they were arresting Brown on a fugitive-from-justice warrant, so he'd also bring her in for her unpaid fine, documents state.
Already free on bail, York bondsman facing more charges
York County detectives went to Central Booking Bail Bonds to look for the dog and tried to take a photo of him, but employees there locked the dog in a closet and claimed it came from a crack house, documents state. That's when the detectives called in the York County SPCA, which checked the dog's microchip and determined he was, in fact, Brown's dog, according to police.
Reiner said that not only was Brown's arrest illegal, but it also was illegal for Hansen and his crew to take her across county lines without first taking her before a judge in Lancaster.
The aftermath: Brown said her grandson, who was 5 at the time Hansen arrested her, had his head banged against a wall during the incident.
At first, prosecutors told her Hansen would serve three months in prison, she said.
"Then they told me in December that Hansen Jr. was going to testify against his (father), and that the case was looking great," she said.
Brown said the next time she heard from prosecutors or police was earlier this week, when she was informed of the plea agreement.
"They're allowing him to get away with it," she told The York Dispatch.
Police: Bail bondsman illegally arrested woman, stole dog
Wants justice: "I want justice for Lisa because I know this is going to affect her for the rest of her life — her and her family," Reiner said. "And she didn't deserve any of this."
Brown is suing Hansen and his former bonding company in Lancaster County civil court, alleging Hansen and his crew kidnapped her. Reiner does not represent Brown in that case.
The lawsuit said the bail crew's actions were terrifying for Brown, as was their "display of firepower."
The suit also states she was taunted and threatened during the ride to York County, and that the handcuffs placed on her were so tight they caused nerve damage to her wrist.
Hansen also remains charged in York County with theft-related offenses for allegedly pocketing about $2,700 he should have shared with his former surety company, according to charging documents.
Hansen's co-defendants: King, 30, of Thomasville, pleaded guilty in Lancaster County Court on Dec. 27 to simple assault, false imprisonment, defiant trespass, criminal mischief and conspiracy for the Brown incident and was sentenced to six to 12 months in prison, court records state.
However, he'll be locked up much longer than that. In June, he was sentenced in York County Court to eight to 16 years in state prison for aggravated assault and related offenses in an unrelated case, court records state.
Rhoades, 32, of York, is a fugitive from justice on his Lancaster County charges for the Brown incident, which include defiant trespass, false imprisonment and simple assault.
Hansen's son, 34-year-old Michael Hansen Jr., also is charged in the case. He is free on bail, charged with false imprisonment and simple assault, according to court records, which state his next court appearance is a status conference in May.
— Reach Liz Evans Scolforo at levans@yorkdispatch.com or on Twitter at @LizScolforoYD.
Read or Share this story: https://www.yorkdispatch.com/story/news/2017/01/19/lancaster-woman-opposes-york-bail-bonds-plea-deal/96768260/


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Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators is specialised in family and inheritance law, with branches in The Hague and Amsterdam. This allows us to better service our (international) clients. Founded in 1988 as a general law practice, the firm grew into one of the Netherlands' largest experts on family law. Some of our lawyers also have extensive experience in disciplinary law and real estate, making it possible for our firm to properly deal with related issues as well.
A divorce or other family issue will often turn everything on its head. What to do and where to begin, if you want to avoid making the wrong decisions from the start? We are there to guide the client through this difficult process. To take away, as much as possible, the burdens of a difficult time. To offer structure. Because of its complexity, a family issue often requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Consider the children, the own home, the business, the dividing up of the assets and any additional real estate (abroad). Many aspects are involved. That is why we cooperate closely with civil-law notaries, child experts, tax lawyers, accountants and pension advisers. With the client, we chart the landscape and take stock of wishes and interests. We ensure that the client gets the full picture and is able to take control of the situation once more.
Professional, Personal & Engaged
The personal connection between the lawyer and the client is essential. Especially when it concerns personal matters such as where children are involved, or a divorce or an inheritance. We would like to invite you to come by our offices to meet us for coffee, with no further obligations. Please call for an appointment. We are also available outside of office hours and, if necessary, can make an appointment within 24 hours.
Prenuptial Agreements & Community of Goods
"I am impressed by how you managed to keep these parties talking..."
Emma Kostense lawyer & mediator + 31 (20) 6706560
+ 31 (70) 3617002
+31 (6) 14759679 + 31 (20) 6706560
Willem de Vries lawyer & mediator + 31 (70) 3617002
Emma Kostense is a partner and co-founder of Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators. In 1988 she started her own firm in The Hague together with Lineke Krans, working under the name Krans & Van Hilten, a firm with a more general practice. At the time, Emma was active as Emma van Hilten. Prior to starting her own firm, she learned the ins and outs of the legal profession by working at major law firms for over 10 years. In 2012 she was the co-founder of family law firm Van Hilten de Vries van Ruitenbeek Advocaten & Mediators, known per 1 January 2017 as Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators.
Until 2012, Emma was also very much active in the field of employment law and personal injury, but specialisation is all but required in this day and age. Emma chose family law, as this is a field that allows her to leverage her relevant life experience. Services made to measure, as well as personal contact with clients, are important to Emma.
In addition to being a lawyer, Emma has also been a mediator since 1999. She believes in the principle that clients should stay in charge as much as possible, even during often difficult times in their lives. She is an active lawyer specialising in collaborative divorce and co-founder of the team Collaborative Divorce Randstad (Overlegscheiding Randstad). Emma enjoys working with other professionals. She prefers a multi-disciplinary approach. As a mediator, she is often brought in on cases involving employment law and personal injury. After all, Emma has more than shown her worth as a lawyer in these fields, giving her deeper insight into the problems while also facilitating the parties in finding a solution in her role as mediator.
Emma's clients are generally medical specialists, members of the judiciary, independent professionals, entrepreneurs and high net worth individuals. Emma has management experience in many areas. For the past 14 years she has been deputy judge at the Court of Appeal of Amsterdam, the last 6 of which she was also deputy judge at the family division of the Court of Appeal Arnhem-Leeuwarden. Emma is married and has 3 children.
Attorney since August 1976
ADR mediator since September 2011
Registered mediator (NMI) since 1999
Certified collaborative divorce attorney since 2011
Strategic Coaching (2016)
Commissarissen Cyclus Nyenrode (2011)
Training Collaborative Divorce attorney (2011)
Mediation Training NMI (1999)
Dutch Law, University Leiden (graduated in 1976)
July 2012 - until present: Founder/partner/attorney Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators (previous Van Hilten de Vries van Ruitenbeek Advocaten & Mediators), The Hague and Amsterdam
1988 until 1 July 2012: Founder/partner/attorney Krans & Van Hilten Attorneys, The Hague
1980 until 1988: Attorney Pels Rijcken & Droogleever Fortuijn, The Hague
1976 until 1980: Attorney Houthoff Buruma, Rotterdam
Additional activities:
Member WOCD-commission with regard to the position of the victim in the criminal trial (2012)
Member LetMe Mediators (2004-2012)
Chairman Departement 's-Gravenhage van de Maatschappij (2000-2008)
Member Kwaliteitscommissie LSA (2000-2008)
Congresschairperson ANP-congres (personal injury) (2008)
Member Board of Discipline The Hague (2002-2007)
Talks/interviews regarding family law, personal injury, mediation and Collaborative Divorce
Member Supervisory Council The Hague Bar (1990-1997)
Supervisory Council Provinciale Kruisvereniging Zuid-Holland (the '80s)
Board Haagse Kruisvereniging (the '80s)
Member Young Bar Cabaret The Hague (1980-1983)
Member Young Bar Rotterdam (end '70s)
Boardmember/chairman several music and theatre groups
Other additional activities:
Deputy Justice Amsterdam court (2001- present)
Deputy Justice Arnhem-Leeuwarden court, Leeuwarden (2001 – present)
Memberships:
NMI (Dutch Mediation Institute)
ADR International Register
VCDH (Society Collaborative Divorce Holland)
IACP (the International Academy of Collaborative Professionals)
De Nieuwe of Littéraire Sociëteit De Witte
De Maatschappij
H.L.T.C. Leimonias (tennisclub)
Opera, classical music, cabaret, theatre plays, reading, tennis, jogging
Willem de Vries specialises in inheritance law, disciplinary law and real estate. His extensive practical knowledge, his capacity of empathy and his years of experience make him a much sought-after sparring partner for both clients and co-workers. As a member of the Supervisory Board and as dean, Willem was active for many years in managing the Bar Association of the Hague. In that capacity, he obtained much expertise in advising and mediating in business and other conflicts. The combination of practical and management experience, as well as his years spent as deputy judge in Delft (from 1994 onwards) render him a solid lawyer who can be deployed in many situations, a "trusted advisor". Willem is known to be truly at home in the courtroom. Pleading comes natural to him, but his motto remains "sue if necessary, settle if possible".
He started in 1978 at Pels Rijcken & Droogleever Fortuijn in The Hague, was lawyer-partner at that firm from 1984 to 2006 and deputy State's Attorney from 1996 to 2006. In 2006 he joined Krans & van Hilten Advocaten, the current Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators, as lawyer-partner. Amongst other things, Willem is a member of the Association of Lease Law Lawyers (Vereniging van Huurrecht Advocaten, VHA) and the Association of Agrarian Law Lawyers (Vereniging van Agrarisch Recht Advocaten, VARA). Willem is married and has four children.
Attorney since October 1978
Army service ROAG (Reserve Officier Academisch Gevormd) Law division Dutch army (1977-1978)
Notary Law, University Groningen (graduated in 1977) - Dutch Law, University Groningen (graduated in 1975)
July 2012-until present: founder/partner/attorney van Hilten de Vries van Ruitenbeek Attorneys & Mediators, The Hague
2006 until July 2012: partner/attorney Krans & van Hilten Attorneys, The Hague
1996 until 2006: deputy State advocate
1984 until 2006: partner/attorney Pels Rijcken & Droogleever Fortuijn,The Hague
President H.L.T.C. Leimonias (2009-present)
President Supervisory Council of the The Hague Bar (2001-2003)
Member of Board of Representatives (dept. The Hague) (2000-present)
Boardmember Haagsche Nutsscholen (1998-2001)
Member Supervisory Council of the The Hague Bar (1996-2001)
Member/vice chair Young Bar Association The Hague (1980-1982)
(Honorary) Member pleading society Iustitia et Amicitia
Chairman Round Table 123 40+
Deputy judge of subdistrict court Delft (1994-present)
Association of tenancy attorneys (VHA)
Association of agricultural law attorneys (VARA)
Association of home owners House of Father Tuck (student house Groningen) / founder/initiator/honorary member
H.L.T.C. Leimonias (tennis club, The Hague)
Royal Dutch Golf & Country Club, handicap 16
De Nieuwe of Littéraire Sociëteit De Witte (Literary Society de Witte)
Tennis, golf, reading, cabaret, travelling
Margreet Ruijgrok lawyer & mediator + 31 (20) 6706560
Having had her own firm in Amsterdam for many years, Margreet Ruijgrok joined Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators per 1 January 2017. She is both a lawyer-partner and managing partner at the firm's Amsterdam branch.
Margreet has nearly thirty years' experience as a lawyer and extensive experience as a mediator. She specialises in inheritance law and family law and has been a member of the association for Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators (vereniging Familierecht Advocaten Scheidingsmediators, vFAS) since 1996. She completed the specialisation in inheritance law at the Law Practice Academy (Academie voor de Rechtspraktijk). Margreet is a skilled and driven professional, who will do her utmost best for her clients.
In one of her additional positions, Margreet is regional coordinator for the association for the vFAS for the Amsterdam region. She has also been a member of the Assembly of Delegates of the Amsterdam Bar Association since 2011. Margreet is married and has two children.
Lawyer (sworn in per February 1989)
She completed the specialisation in inheritance law at the Law Practice Academy (Academie voor de Rechtspraktijk), 2016.
Trained as mediator, Association of Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators (vFAS) (2012)
Various courses in Italian (2010 to present)
Specialisation family law, Association of Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators (vFAS) (2006)
Professional education as a lawyer (1989 to 1992)
Studied Law at Leiden University (1982 to 1988)
VWO, Nederlandsch Lyceum Den Haag (final exams 1982)
January 2017 to present: lawyer-partner at Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators in Amsterdam
January 2005 to January 2017: managing director/owner of Advocatenkantoor Ruijgrok in Amsterdam
1994 to 2005: lawyer-partner at Advocatenkantoor De Lauwere Ruijgrok Advocaten in Weesp
1992 to 1994: lawyer at Advocatenkantoor Fontijn in The Hague
1989 to 1992: lawyer at Advocatenkantoor Duijm in Alphen aan den Rijn
1988 to 1989: stewardess with KLM
1982 to 1988: primary assistant to estate agent D. Egan in Wassenaar
Association of Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators (vFAS) (1996 to present)
Student association Quintus in Leiden (1982 to 1988)
Secondary activities:
Regional coordinator Amsterdam of the Association of Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators (vFAS) (2010 to present)
Member of the Assembly of Delegates of the Amsterdam Bar Association (2012 to present)
Playing the clarinet, Italian, cooking, running, fashion design and creation
Raya Oranje-Jorna lawyer & mediator + 31 (70) 3617002
Specialising in family law, Raya Oranje-Jorna primarily handles complex divorce cases and disputes on maintenance. As a lawyer or collaborative divorce lawyer for either party, or as mediator for both parties. Raya is particularly drawn to cases involving entrepreneurs, independent professionals or medical specialists. In doing her work, she is constantly aware of the fact that relationships and connections continue to exist. That is why she is passionate about finding sustainable solutions rather than fighting time- and money-consuming court battles. But if legal proceedings are where parts of the solution are to be found, she will pursue these, fervently.
Raya has been a lawyer-partner at Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators since 2015. Prior to that, since 1992, she worked as a family law lawyer at firms including Nauta Dutilh in Rotterdam and Salomons van der Valk advocaten in The Hague. She also spent some time as a lecturer at the Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam. Raya is a registered divorce mediator and is often appointed as mediator by the courts. In addition, she is also, among other things, a member of Collaborative Divorce Holland (Overlegscheiden Holland), the association for Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators (vereniging Familierecht Advocaten Scheidingsmediators, vFAS), the Federation of Mediators in the Netherlands (Mediatorsfederatie Nederland, MfN), the Association of Collaborative Professionals (Vereniging van Collaborative Professionals, VvCP), the International Academy of Collaborative Professionals (IACP) and the Council of Discipline The Hague (Raad van Discipline Den Haag). Her additional positions include membership in the committee for the code of conduct within the vFAS. Raya is married and has three children.
Attorney, admitted to the Bar in 1992 and 2000
Registered mediator (vFAS and MfN)
Certified collaborative divorce lawyer (VvCP) since 2009
Training collaborative divorce lawyer (2009)
vFAS mediation training (2007-2008)
vFAS specialisation family law in 2006
European law Universitat Autonoma Barcelona (1991-1992)
Dutch law, Leiden University, graduated in 1992
1 November 2015- present: attorney/partner at van Hilten de Vries van Ruitenbeek Attorneys & Mediators, The Hague
September 2009- November 2015, attorney and mediator at Salomons van der Valk Attorneys, The Hague
January 2007-September 2009: founder/attorney and mediator at Oranje Jorna advocatuur & scheidingsbemiddelilng
2001 – 2007 attorney at Krans & van Hilten
1998-1999 teacher Erasmus University Rotterdam
1992-1997 attorney NautaDutilh Rotterdam
Collaborative divorce Holland
vFAS (society of family law attorneys and mediators)
MfN (mediation federation Nederland)
VvCP (society of Collaborative Professionals)
IACP (International Academy of Collaborative Professionals)
The Hague Road Runners
Alumna LSA Minerva, Leiden
Council of Discipline The Hague
Member small committee rules of conduct vFAS
1998-2001 Recorder at the Examiners of the professional education of the Dutch Bar Association
Member participation committee of the Wolters school
Pilates, skiing, jogging, ballet, opera, music, films, cooking, reading and travelling
Edith van Ruitenbeek-de Bekker lawyer & mediator + 31 (70) 3617002
Machteld Verboom lawyer & mediator + 31 (70) 3617002
Partly because of her fluent command of French and English, but also because she is drawn to the complexity of the international dimension, Edith van Ruitenbeek-de Bekker has specialised in international and financially complex divorces. Edith van Ruitenbeek is also divorce mediator, collaborative divorce lawyer and certified inheritance mediator. Edith has a background in mathematics, but she has been a lawyer for over 20 years and is specialised in family law. She is capable of empowering clients as well as taking charge. This is partly because of her analytic strength and the fact that she is a true team player. This is also the role she plays in a network of civil-law notaries, tax lawyers, accountants and certainly when working with (child) psychologists. She regularly confers with the judiciary and other organisations regarding developments in the field of family law. She has also written various articles and given various lectures and courses in this field.
After a non-legal start to her career, she has been active as a lawyer in The Hague since 1997. In 2001 she joined Krans & Van Hilten as a lawyer, later becoming lawyer-partner. In 2012 she was a co-founder of Van Hilten de Vries van Ruitenbeek Advocaten & Mediators, the predecessor of the current Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators, one of the four largest firms specialising in family law in the Netherlands.
Among other things, Edith is a member of the Federation of Mediators in the Netherlands (Mediatorsfederatie Nederland, MfN), the Association of Collaborative Professionals (Vereniging van Collaborative Professionals, VvCP), the International Academy of Collaborative Professionals (IACP), the Dutch Association of Lawyers (Nederlandse Juristen Vereniging, NJV) and the association for Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators (vereniging Familierecht Advocaten Scheidingsmediators, vFAS) and is linked to the Foundation for InheritanceInheritance Mediation (Stichting Nalatenschapsmediation). Her side activities include membership of the Supervisory Board of Wereldkinderen (since 2015) and member of the committee Family and Child Law for the Supervisory Board of The Hague (since 2007). Edith is married and has two children.
Attorney since February 1997
vFAS mediator since 2002
International ADR mediator since 2011
Registered mediator (NMI; now MFN) since 2002
vFAS Specialist training family law (2005)
vFAS Mediation Training (2002)
Dutch Law, UniversityLeiden (1996)
Certificat Pratique de la langue Française, Université Grenoble III (F) (1986)
Math, Radboud University Nijmegen (graduated in 1981)
July 2012 until present: Founder/partner/attorney van Hilten de Vries van Ruitenbeek Attorneys & Mediators, The Hague
2001 until 1 July 2012: Partner/attorney Krans & Van Hilten Attorneys, The Hague
1997 until 2001: Attorney Meijer cs attorneys and fiscalists, The Hague
1988 until 1997: Policy officer TNO, Delft
1986 until 1988: Translator French-English in engineering company BIG, Grenoble (F)
1984 until 1986: Management assistant at Centrum voor Wiskunde en Informatica, Amsterdam
1982 until 1984: Math teacher Revius Scholengemeenschap Deventer
2015 - until present: member of de Board of Directors of 'Wereldkinderen'
2010 - until 2013: member National projectgroup Dutch courts on allocation and settlement
2008 - until present: several columns on family law
2007 - until present: member committee family and juvenile Supervisory Council The Hague
2002 until 2010: teacher permanente education for lawyers
vFAS (Association of Family Lawyers and Divorce Mediators)
NMI (Dutch mediation institute), now: MfN - NJV (Dutch society of lawyers)
VCDH (Society Collaborative Divorce Holland), now: VvCP
OLTC (Oegstgeester Lawn Tennis Club)
Travelling, French cooking, tennis, film, art and theatre
Publications by Edith van Ruitenbeek-de Bekker
Access to Education and other Children's Right
Career and Children
Summer Holidays - Vitamin Pill or Stress Builder?
Access to education and other children's rights
Every Child Deserves a Home
MPR, Do You Fancy Yours?
Bore-Out, Marriage and Divorce
Education of an Expat Child - in case of divorce
Since graduating from Leiden University in 2004, Machteld Verboom has been active as a lawyer specialising in family law. She focuses on matters of visitation and parental authority, as well as disputes concerning the division of the community of goods or the wrapping up of the prenuptial agreement. She also has extensive experience with other topics of family law, such as guardianship. Part of her practice consists of (divorce) mediations, in which she supports the future former spouses in coming to agreements. When doing so, she also pays attention to the best interests and opinions of the children.
In many cases, she manages to resolve the dispute by mutual consent and to have the agreements put to paper. This avoids lengthy and cumbersome proceedings in court. Maintaining good contact with the opposing party's lawyer, is essential. She is an active member of the association for Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators (vereniging Familierecht Advocaten Scheidingsmediators, vFAS), where she graduated cum laude from the legal specialisation. Should it not be possible to come to an arrangement with the other party, she will take the case to court. Should this happen, she can easily hold her own.
Her approach consists of engagement, quality and being easy to reach. She wants to support her clients during a difficult time in their lives and work with them in achieving a good and sustainable outcome.
Machteld is a member of the association for Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators (vereniging Familierecht Advocaten Scheidingsmediators, vFAS), de Jonge Balie Den Haag and the Federation of Mediators in the Netherlands (Mediatorsfederatie Nederland, MfN). She is also a member of the Hague delegation of the Assembly of Delegates (since 2013), family law lecturer at the Jonge Balie Den Haag (since 2012) and regional coordinator Amsterdam for the vFAS. Machteld is married and has two daughters.
vFAS Specialist training Mediator (2012)
vFAS Specialist training Family law (2011) (cum laude)
Professional training as Attorney (2004-2007)
July 2012 - until present: Attorney van Hilten de Vries van Ruitenbeek Attorneys & Mediators, The Hague
1 September 2004 until 1 July 2012: Attorney Krans & van Hilten Attorneys, The Hague
Teacher family law Young Bar The Hague (2012)
Area coördinator vFAS dept. The Hague (2009-present)
Member Foundation Het Atelier (2009-2010)
Chairman Leidse Kinder- en Jongerenrechtswinkel/Legal Advise Centre for children and youngsters (2006- 2007)
Chairman Young Bar The Hague (2006-2007) - Secretary Young Bar The Hague (2005-2006)
Association of Family law and Divorce Mediators (vFAS) (2010-present)
Young Bar The Hague (2004-present)
Sailing, skiing, reading
Coen van den End lawyer + 31 (20) 6706560
Sabrina de Jong lawyer + 31 (20) 6706560
Since 2011, when he took his oath, Coen van den End has worked at our firm. Prior to that, he studied at Amsterdam University (UvA), was an intern at Loyens & Loeff in Amsterdam and London and engaged on project basis at the Houthoff Buruma in Amsterdam. Though he knows his way around company law very well, since 2015 he has focused on family law, including inheritance law. His knowledge of and experience with company law continue to serve him well, especially in matters of family law involving entrepreneurs en businesses. Coen works at both the Amsterdam and The Hague offices of Van Hilten.
Coen is a (prospective) member of the association for Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators (vereniging Familierecht Advocaten Scheidingsmediators, vFAS) and previously was a member of the executive board of De Jonge Balie association with the Supreme Court. Coen is married and has two children.
Attorney since July 2011
vFAS specialisation eduaction (2016 - heden)
Master Private Law, University of Amsterdam (2010)
Bachelor Law, University of Amsterdam (2009)
July 2012 until present: Attorney van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators (previous Attorney van Hilten de Vries & van Ruitenbeek Attorneys & Mediators) The Hague and Amsterdam
May 2011 until July 2012: Attorney Krans & van Hilten Attorneys, The Hague
October 2011 until April 2012: Project co-worker Houthoff Buruma, Amsterdam and Rotterdam
November 2010 until February 2011: Student internship Loyens & Loeff, Amsterdam
March 2007 until September 2008: Legal employee and boardmember of Stichting Wetwinkel (Legal advice centre) Amsterdam
Boardmember (supervisory board education) of the Young Bar at the Netherlands High Court
(Prospective) member vFAS
Sailing, golf, diving, reading, theater
Sabrina de Jong gained experience as legal assistant at several law firms since 2011. Prior to that, she already worked with various law firms while still studying. Upon receiving her master's degree in law from the VU in Amsterdam, she took her oath as a lawyer in 2015. Since then, Sabrina has worked as a lawyer at Advocatenkantoor Ruijgrok in Amsterdam and - on account of the merger between the firms - is associated with Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators in Amsterdam since 2017. This energetic lawyer prefers to closely cooperate with a client; she is engaged, structured and decisive. Sabrina lives with her partner in Amsterdam.
Lawyer (sworn in per January 2015)
Professional education as a lawyer (2015 to present)
Master's degree in Private Law, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (graduated in 2013)
Bachelor's degree in Law, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (graduated in 2011)
Management, Economics & Law, Avans Hogeschool 's-Hertogenbosch (preparatory degree in 2007)
Havo, Zwijsen College Veghel (final exams in 2006)
January 2017 to present: lawyer at Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators in Amsterdam
January 2015 to January 2017: lawyer at Advocatenkantoor Ruijgrok in Amsterdam
June 2014 to January 2015: legal assistant at Advocatenkantoor Ruijgrok in Amsterdam
July 2013 to February 2014: legal assistant at Versteeg Wigman Sprey Advocaten in Amsterdam
February 2013 to April 2013: intern at Versteeg Wigman Sprey Advocaten in Amsterdam
November 2011 to June 2013: legal assistant at Advocatenkantoor Ruijgrok in Amsterdam
January 2009 to November 2011: legal secretary at Advocatenkantoor Ruijgrok in Amsterdam
August 2008 to January 2009: legal secretary at law firm Jans & Hagenaars in Amsterdam
Association de Jonge Balie Amsterdam (2015 to present)
Student association SSRA in Amsterdam (2008 to 2013)
Bikram yoga, running, travel, music, cinema
Naoual Chedra Lawyer + 31 (70) 3617002
Naoual Chedra has gained experience as an intern at several medium-sized law firms during her study. After obtaining her Master's degree in private law at Utrecht University, she worked as a legal assistant at Benthem & Keulen in Utrecht for over one year. There she primarily dealt with family law issues. In 2015, Naoual made the transition to Holla Advocaten in 's-Hertogenbosch, where she was subsequently sworn in as an lawyer in 2016. Since then, she has further specialised in family law. Since 1 April 2019, Naoual is part of Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators as a family law lawyer. She works in the branch office in Amsterdam as well as in The Hague.
Naoual is involved, structured and to-the-point. She supports her clients during their emotionally tough time and makes every effort to achieve a workable final result. She never loses sight of the emotional aspects of the case and the interests of any children involved.
Naoual is a (prospective) member of the Dutch association for Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators (vereniging Familierecht Advocaten Scheidingsmediators, vFAS). She was previously active in the Jonge Balie in 's-Hertogenbosch. Naoual lives in Utrecht.
vFAS specialist training (March 2019 – present)
Professional training as Attorney (March 2016 to April 2019)
Master's degree in Private Law, Utrecht University (graduated in 2013)
Bachelor's degree in Law, Utrecht University (graduated in 2012)
HBO (Higher Professional Education) in Social Legal Services, University (preparatory degree in 2009)
Havo, Merletcollege Cuijk (final exams in 2007)
April 2019 to present: lawyer at Van Hilten Advocaten & Mediators in The Hague
August 2018 to April 2019: family law lawyer and general contract law at Bouwman Advocaten in Schijndel
February 2016 to August 2018: family and inheritance law lawyer at Holla Advocaten in 's-Hertogenbosch
August 2015 to February 2016: legal assistent family and inheritance law & criminal law at Holla Advocaten in 's-Hertogenbosch
August 2014 to August 2015: legal assistant family and inheritance law and real estate & government department at Van Benthem & Keulen & Notariaat in Utrecht
March 2014 to May 2014: intern at Hekkelman Advocaten & Notarissen in Arnhem
February 2014 to March 2014: intern at Van Diepen Van der Kroef Advocaten in Utrecht
December 2013 to February 2014: intern at Van Benthem & Keulen Advocaten & Notariaat in Utrecht
Association De Jonge Balie in 's-Hertogenbosch (2016 to present)
(Prospective) member of vFAS (vereniging Familierecht Advocaten Scheidingsmediators (the Dutch association for Family Law Lawyers and Divorce Mediators).
June 2017 to June 2018: member of the Travel Committee of De Jonge Balie 's-Hertogenbosch
April 2016 until April 2017: member of the Activities Committee of De Jonge Balie 's-Hertogenbosch
September 2012 to September 2013: intern Management Member, Kinder- en Jongerenrechtswinkel (Legal Advice centre for children and youngsters) in Utrecht
April 2012 to September 2012: legal adviser, Kinder- en Jongerenrechtswinkel (Legal Advice centre for children and youngsters) in Utrecht
May 2011 until May 2012: legal adviser at Vidius Studentenunie in Utrecht
Films and TV series, fitness, dance, football, cooking and travel
"I want to thank you for your efforts, your help and your advice in my case. I am often very happy, and grateful to you, for having a broad visitation agreement and a great, positive relationship with my daughter."


text:
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The Basic Principles Of Attorney for small business
Realize that these are generally the smallest "chunks" of your time that the attorney will bill for, even though a provided job essentially took less time. By way of example, an attorney who charges in 6-minute increments will cost you for the full 6 minutes Regardless that a certain cellphone get in touch with lasted only two.
a business restricted by guarantee with a share cash. A hybrid entity, commonly used exactly where the company is formed for non-commercial purposes, nevertheless the routines of the business are partly funded by investors who assume a return.
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Symbolizing a broad array of leading world organizations and Center industry organizations, Cozen O'Connor services its shoppers' demands as a result of 27 offices across two continents.
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The earliest folks who might be referred to as "attorneys" have been most likely the orators of historic Athens (see Historical past of Athens). On the other hand, Athenian orators confronted serious structural obstacles. First, there was a rule that people had been imagined to plead their own personal instances, which was before long bypassed by the increasing inclination of people to request a "Pal" for assistance.[195] Even so, close to the middle in the fourth century, the Athenians disposed with the perfunctory request for a colleague.[196] 2nd, a more significant obstacle, which the Athenian orators in no way totally overcame, was the rule that no one could have a cost to plead the reason for Yet another.
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Business bills for materials and/or services might be deducted from the overall financial gain. If You use the business on a day to day basis, you might be topic to self-work taxes.
Some jurisdictions grant a "diploma privilege" to particular institutions, making sure that merely earning a degree or credential from Those people establishments is the main qualification for working towards regulation.[89] Mexico enables everyone with a legislation degree to exercise regulation.[ninety] Even so, in numerous nations around the world, a law student need to pass a check here bar assessment (or maybe a number of this sort of examinations) in advance of obtaining a license to observe.
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A company might correctly be known as a corporation; however, a firm shouldn't always be referred to as a corporation, that has unique properties. In The usa, an organization might or might not be described as a individual legal entity, and is usually employed synonymous with "agency" or "business." In accordance with Black's Legislation Dictionary, in the united states a corporation means "a company — or, fewer commonly, an association, partnership or union — that carries on industrial enterprise.
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a "retention letter" or maybe a deal, detailing the law firm's billing techniques and describing the extent of the get the job done the attorney will do for you personally. In a few states, attorneys will have to present you using a retention letter or contract.


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Fleuretta, plným názvem Fleuretta aneb Švadlenka a trubač (v německém originále , ve francouzštině ) je komická opereta o jednom dějství francouzského skladatele Jacquese Offenbacha na původně francouzské libreto Philippa-Augusta Pittauda de Forges a Laurencina (vl. jm. Paul-Aimé Chapelle), které do němčiny přeložili a upravili Julius Hopp a Friedrich Zell (vl. jm. Camillo Walzel). Premiéra se konala 8. března 1872 ve vídeňském divadle Carltheater.

Vznik a charakteristika

V době bezprostředně po prusko-francouzské válce ztratil Jacques Offenbach své téměř monopolní postavení v hudebně-zábavném divadle v Paříži. Jeho osoba a celý hudební žánr, který založil, byly vystaveny soustavné kritice tisku, která vyčítala "offenbachiádám" demoralizující vliv, a i nálady a zájmy obecenstva se značně změnily. V pařížských divadlech triumfovala se svými operetami nová jména jako Charles Lecocq a Léon Vasseur, zatímco Offenbachova díla Sněhulák, Král Mrkev a Fantasio měla úspěch jen prostřední. Roku 1872 se proto Offenbach soustředil hlavně na Vídeň. Tam měl stále publikum, které přijalo Fantasia a především Sněhuláka příznivěji a stále chodilo na jiná jeho díla; divadelník Friedrich Strapmfer dokonce otevřel nové divadlo, které se mělo na Offenbachova drobnější díla specializovat. Strampfer si přál získat od skladatele úplnou novinku, avšak Offenbach dal přednost novému kusu pro divadlo Carltheater, jež bylo od konce 50. let 19. století významným ohniskem šíření Offenbachovy tvorby do střední Evropy a jež právě slavilo úspěchy se Sněhulákem.

Slovy českého Offenbachova životopisce Miroslava Šulce je Fleuretta "typická galská buffa z vojensko-měšťanského prostředí". Její libreto považuje Šulc za "propastné". Podobně jako v případě Rýnských rusalek Offenbach i přesto, že skládal pro německé divadlo, důvěřoval více francouzským libretistům a od nich získal i původní text. V tomto případě jimi byli Pittaud de Forges a Laurencin – tato dvojice mu již roku 1856 dodala libreto pro Číslo 66, Laurencin se podílel také na Pán a paní Denisovi a Pittaud de Forges mj. na aktovkách Přístěnek, Luc a Lucette, Paimpol a Perinetta a Markytánky Velké armády. Je možné, že libreto Fleuretty vzniklo již kolem roku 1863, jak uváděj někteří offebachovští badatelé, Offenbach však Fleurettu komponoval až na německý překlad pro vídeňskou inscenaci.

Původní libreto upravili a podstatně zjednodušili hudební skladatel a kapelník divadla Carltheater Julius Hopp a Friedrich Zell (vl. jm. Camillo Walzel). V originální francouzské verzi se děj odehrává na zámku Choisy a zmiňuje se vévodkyně de Châteauroux a její rivalka Madame d'Étoiles (což je narážka na Madame d'Étiolles). V německé úpravě se namísto toho mluví o údajné rivalitě známějších milenek Ludvíka XV., Madame de Pompadour a Madame du Barry, čímž je děj i časově posunut o asi 25 let, a i dějištěm je mezinárodně známější zámek ve Versailles. Rovněž byla přidána epizoda, v níž trubač Jolicœur vádí v ženském převleku majordoma Nicodèma.

Fleuretta je dílo napsané především pro titulní představitelku, která má několik sól a účastní se ve všech sedmi zpěvních číslech, která spolu s předehrou partituru operety tvoří. Její písně mají různou náladu (škádlivý duet s majordomem, lyrická roztoužená píseň, parodicky naivní kuplet, vojenský pochod). Hudba obsahuje rovněž různé efekty, například zpěvní imitaci trubky ve Fleurettině hlavní árii, efekt ozvěny v duetu s Jolicœurem a mlaskání v rozsáhlé obědní scéně v rytmu valčíku, která tvoří vrcholný bod partitury a byla v době premiéry obecenstvem také nejvíce oceňována.

Touto představitelkou byla půvabná jednadvacetiletá Mila Röderová (rozená Mila Mielke, později používala jevištní jméno Mila Rodani), v 70. letech 19. století jedna z největších operetních hvězd. Ve Fleurettě dostala příležitost zazářit nejen hraním a zpíváním, ale i hrou na harfu a na buben. I když jízlivá kritika poznamenala, že se Mila Röderová představila jako lepší švadlena než herečka a zpěvačka, byla při premiéře zahrnuta hlučnými ovacemi a záplavou květin, stejně jako třikrát vyvolaný Offenbach, který premiéru dirigoval, a představitelé obou dalších rolí, oblíbení komici vídeňských scén Josef Matras a Karl Blasel. Samotná opereta byla většinou odbyta pár slovy, například recenzent Neue Freie Presse ji označil za "neškodnou drobnost, která ale obsahuje docela hezké a pikantní věci". Recenzent deníku Wiener Zeitung vypočítává úbory a scénické akce "zázračného dítěte" Mily Röderové a ptá se, jestli neměly sloužit jako náhrada toho, co operetě chybí, totiž přitažlivého libreta a původní, oslovující hudby. Premiérový úspěch byl klamný, kouzlo Fleuretty rychle vyprchalo. Hrála se desetkrát za sebou a pak ještě desetkrát střídavě do konce roku 1872, což bylo daleko za účekáváními. Mila Röder ještě téhož roku vytvořila hlavní ženskou roli Marinetty ve tříaktové operetě Černý korzár (21. září 1872 Divadlo na Vídeňce), třetím a posledním díle napsaném Offenbachem pro Vídeň, jež bylo rovněž pro skladatele i pro zpěvačku relativním zklamáním. S výjimkou féerie Whittington, napsané pro londýnské divadlo Alhambra, se Offenbach s dalšími díly opět orientoval na Paříž.

Současně s premiérou byla ve Vídni vydána zpěvní čísla operety v nakladatelství C. A. Spina. (Je zajímavé, že předehru dochovaný rukopis neobsahuje a je možné, že pochází z cizí ruky.) Ve Francii nebyla Fleuretta za Offenbachova života hrána. Na začátku divadelní sezóny 1875/76 se sice začala připravovat inscenace v Théâtre des Bouffes-Parisiens, byly rozděleny role (Fleuretta=Louise Théo, Jolicœur=Colombey, Binet=Daubray) a konaly se i první čtené zkoušky, ale z inscenace z neznámých důvodů sešlo. Teprve více než deset let po skladatelově smrti, roku 1891, vydalo nakladatelství Choudens klavírní výtah a původní libreto Fleuretty, tentokrát se žánrovým označením opéra comique.

Již roku 1864 uvedl ve Štrasburku svou opéru comique s názvem Fleurette Victor Ernst Nessler; bylo to první hudebně-dramatické dílo tohoto dobově úspěšného skladatele lidových oper. Název Fleurette nesou rovněž například opera Augusta L. Tamplina (Londýn, Gaiety 1873), opereta Emmy R. Steinerové (New York 1891) a opera Aristida Martyho (Toulouse 1924).

Inscenační historie

Inscenační historie Fleuretty je chudá. V srpnu 1872 se konala premiéra v Praze (viz níže), se špatným přijetím, a i premiéra v zemském divadle v Lublani 28. prosince 1876 byla veskrze nepovedená. V listopadu 1872 s ní Mily Röderová hostovala v berlínském Friedrich-Wilhelmstädtisches Theater s vlídným přijetím, avšak německá divadla se Fleuretty neujala. Překážkou pro rozšíření mimo střední Evropu byla skutečnost, že tato opereta neobdržela svou pařížskou premiéru. Teprve po roce 1891 bylo k dispozici i francouzské vydání a Fleuretta mohla být příležitostně uváděna, i když její inscenační historie není dobře dokumentována. Ve 30. letech ji však uvádělo mezinárodní vysílání francouzského rozhlasu. Ojedinělé uvedení v anglicky mluvívím prostoru představovala inscenace Wolf Trap Opera ve Vienně, Virginie, roku 1985.

Jednou z nedávných výjimek je inscenace na festivalu v Étretatu 2014. Pod společným tématem "Offenbach a vojáci" zde byla uvedena spolu s další málo hranou operetou Dragonette (1857) v roce 100. výročí začátku první světové války; tato inscenace společnosti La Péniche Opéra se hrála rovněž v Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne a v pařížském divadle Vingtième Théâtre.

Roku 2019 uvedlo Fleurettu jednak sdružení štrasburských hudebníků "Brin de folie" v alsaském Vendenheimu v kombinaci s Panenským jablíčkem, jednak společnost Opéra de Barie na zámku Hamel v Castets-en-Dorthe v kombinaci s Mozartovou Káhirskou husou.

České země
V českých zemích poprvé uvedlo tuto operetu Německé zemské divadlo na své letní scéně v Novoměstském divadle 22. srpna 1872. Hvězdou byl známý komik a vídeňský představitel Jolicœura Karl Blasel, který se také publiku nejvíce líbil. Kritický ohlas byl celkem příznivý, i když ne nadšený (Prager Abendblatt: "Tato drobnost zapůsobila příznivě, ačkoli se s lepšími Offenbachovými jednoaktovkami měřit nemůže."). Deník Bohemia poznamenával, že "Offenbachova partitura je zjevně zaměřena na dovedné, lehkého a graciézního přednesu schopné zpěváky", což nebyl nikdo z pražských protagonistů. O zpěvu bylo možné mluvit jen u představitelky titulní role slečny Irmy Nittingerové, která však u obecenstva nenacházela nejmenší sympatie. Fleurette tak z repertoáru záhy zmizela.

Jedinou českou inscenaci vypravilo 10. dubna 1920 Národní divadlo v Brně; mělo k tomu nejlepší možnosti, neboť získalo hudební archiv Carltheatru. Ve spojení s dalšími Offenbachovými aktovkami Svatba při lucernách a Dafnis a Chloé ji připravili režisér Vladimír Marek a dirigent Stanislav Doubravský. Lidové noviny označily všechny tři operety jako "dost už vybledlé textově i omšelé hudebním svým rouchem, ale přece vždy ještě schopné pobavit beznáročné obecenstvo letního divadla". Recenzent Moravské orlice o Fleurettě mínil, že "je hudebně slabší, působí hlavně libretem".

V roce 1932 vysílalo Fleurettu (patrně v češtině) též bratislavské studio Radiojournalu.

Osoby a první obsazení

Děj operety (podle francouzské verze)

(Místnost v mansardě zámku Choisy, první polovina 40. let 18. století) Dva sluhové přivádějí protestující Fleurettu, jež slouží jako první švadlena u paní Flamboyantové, dvorní krejčové. Na dnešní večer Fleurettu pozval její milý Jolicœur, trubač od královských mušketýrů, na dobrou večeři do Ramponneauova hostince. Proto také, když jí přijela k domu drožka, do ní bez váhání nastoupila domnívajíc se, že ji pro ni poslal Jolicœur. Ale místo toho byla odvezena na neznámé místo a nikdo jí nechce říci, kam. Má strach, že ji unesli lovci bílého masa a prodají ji pohanům. Až kastelán Théophile Binet jí prozradí, o co jde: Dnes večer se má konat za přítomnosti krále Ludvíka XV. představení hry Les Racoleurs od Jeana-Josepha Vadé, v němž má roli tambora Laraméea hrát Madame d'Étoiles. Ta by si přála získat královu přízeň namísto vévodkyně de Châteauroux, a proto chce svůj kostým upravit tak, aby co nejvíce vynikly její ženské přednosti. Představení začíná za hodinu a je třeba pracovat rychle. Binet slibuje Fleurettě 25 louisdorů, pokud se jí úkol podaří – jinak ji však čeká Bastila. Současně však mladé švadlence zařizuje večeři, dvoří se jí a vyzdvihuje přednosti zralého milence – o nichž však Fleuretta pochybuje (č. 1 duet-kuplet On peut avoir le cœur tendre / Nicht nur die goldene Jugend).

Fleuretta se dává bez nadšení do práce. Chce se jí spár a přitom vzpomíná na svého Jolicœura a obává se, co si pomyslí o jejím zmizení (č. 2 kuplet Ah! pour moi quel séduisant présage / Wie bewegt vom Zephirwinden). Navíc nemá přesné rozměry paní d'Étoiles; ale ví, že je přibližně její postavy, a proto zkouší kostým tambora na sobě. Však viděla onu hru na pouťovém divadle a sama by Laraméea zahrála lépe než leckdo. Ale čas utíká. Vtom Fleuretta zaslechne zvenčí troubení a poznává, že její milý Jolicœur je nablízku (č. 3 recitativa a árie Déjà l'heure s'avance… Aimable trompette! / Aber was soll das Träumen… Was ist das? Ach was hör' ich?). Podle zpěvu, kterým Fleuretta melodii trubky provází, ji Jolicœur brzy najde a vleze do okna. Fleuretta mu vysvětlí situaci a společně litují zmeškané večeře, protože mají hlad jako vlci. Spokojí se však s poměrně bohatým pohoštěním, které zde zanechal Binet (č. 4 duet Oui, je l'avoue / Mir ist zu Mut gar jämmerlich).

Tu divadelní zvon ohlašuje, že představení brzy začíná. Binet se vrací vyzvednout kostým. Ve ztemnělém podkroví nevidí Fleurettu ani Jolicœura, kteří se schovávají za kusy nábytku a zpívají Binetovi z střídavě z obou stran jako jedna osoba (č. 5 kuplet Je suis l'ouvrière modèle / Ich bin die kleine Näherin). Binet je zpěvem okouzlen, nicméně se dožaduje hotového kostýmu, zvláště když zvon dále zvoní. Fleurette vystoupí z úkrytu v tamborském úboru a Jolicœur v trubačském. Oba tvrdí Binetovi, že jsou Fleurettini nápadníci, a s pohrůžkami se dožadují, aby jim švadlenku vydal. Binet je zcela zmaten a vystrašen (č. 6 tercet Halte! et du silence / Halt nich von der Stelle). Zachraňuje se útěkem a volá stráže, zatímco poslední zvonění ohlašuje začátek představení.

Fleuretta se rychle převléká zpět a chce s Jolicœurem uprchnout, ale Binet se vrací se strážemi rozhněván. Kvůli švadlenině meškání muselo být představení zrušeno, paní d'Étoiles zuří a prý i král je rozzloben – kurýr ve službě vévodkyně de Châteauroux Binetovi předal králův osobní rozkaz. Avšak ukáže se, že rozkaz nadiktovala vévodkyně, potěšená blamáží své sokyně. Posílá nedbalé švadleně celých 50 louisdorů, které jí mohou sloužit jako věno pro brzkou svatbu se Jolicœurem. A na ni je pozván i Binet jako první mládenec – u Fleuretty sice nepochodil, ale alespoň získal nárok na nevěstin podvazek (č. 7 finále Oui, nous aurons une joyeuse fête / In unser Hochzeit schon feiern morgen).

Poznámky

Reference

Literatura

Externí odkazy
 , záznam inscenace Fleurette z festivalu Opéra de Barie roku 2019
 Klavírní výtah a libreto Fleuretty ve francouzštině

Opery a operety Jacquese Offenbacha
Operety
Opery ve francouzštině
Opery v němčině
Opery z roku 1872
Opery poprvé uvedené ve Vídni

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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