text:
The World's Most Powerful People
The 67 heads of state, criminals, financiers and philanthropists who really run the world.
"I love power. But it is as an artist that I love it. I love it as a musician loves his violin, to draw out its sounds and chords and harmonies." — Napoleon Bonaparte
Power has been called many things. The ultimate aphrodisiac. An absolute corrupter. A mistress. A violin. But its true nature remains elusive. After all, a head of state wields a very different sort of power than a religious figure. Can one really compare the influence of a journalist to that of a terrorist? And is power unexercised power at all?
In compiling our first ranking of the World's Most Powerful People we wrestled with these questions — and many more — before deciding to define power in four dimensions. First, we asked, does the person have influence over lots of other people? Pope Benedict XVI, ranked 11th on our list, is the spiritual leader of more than a billion souls, or about one-sixth of the world's population, while Wal-Mart CEO Mike Duke (No. 8) is the largest private-sector employer in the United States.
Then we assessed the financial resources controlled by these individuals. Are they relatively large compared with their peers'? For heads of state we used GDP, while for CEOs, we looked at a composite ranking of market capitalization, profits, assets and revenues as reflected on our annual ranking of the World's 2000 Largest Companies. In certain instances, like New York Times Executive Editor Bill Keller (No. 51), we judged the resources at his disposal compared with others in the industry. For billionaires, like Bill Gates (No. 10), net worth was also a factor.
Next we determined if they are powerful in multiple spheres. There are only 67 slots on our list — one for every 100 million people on the planet — so being powerful in just one area is not enough to guarantee a spot. Our picks project their influence in myriad ways. Take Italy's colorful prime minister, Silvio Berlusconi (No. 12) who is a politician, a media monopolist and owner of soccer powerhouse A.C. Milan, or Oprah Winfrey (No. 45) who can manufacture a best-seller and an American President.
Lastly, we insisted that our choices actively use their power. Ingvar Kamprad, the 83-year-old entrepreneur behind Ikea and the richest man in Europe, was an early candidate for this list, but was excluded because he doesn't exercise his power. On the other hand, Russian autocrat Vladimir Putin (No. 3) scored points because he likes to throw his weight around by jailing oligarchs, invading neighboring countries and periodically cutting off Western Europe's supply of natural gas.
To calculate the final rankings, five Forbes senior editors ranked all of our candidates in each of these four dimensions of power. Those individual rankings were averaged into a composite score, which determined who placed above (or below) whom.
U.S. President Barack Obama emerged, unanimously, as the world's most powerful person, and by a wide margin. But there were a number of surprises. Former President George W. Bush didn't come close to making the final cut, while his predecessor in the Oval Office, Bill Clinton, ranks 31st, ahead of a number of sitting heads of government. Apple's Steve Jobs easily made the list, while Arnold Schwarzenegger, the movie star governor of California (alone, the world's fifth largest economy) did not.
© AP Photo/Gerald Herbert
How powerful is he? Let's count the ways:
Presides over world's largest, most innovative, most dynamic economy.
Commander-in-chief of planet's richest, deadliest military.
Finger on button of nuclear arsenal containing more than 5,000 warheads.
Head-of-state of world's sole superpower.
His Democrats have majorities in both U.S. House and Senate.
Recently awarded Nobel Peace Prize, apparently for general awesomeness.
© John Moore/Getty Images
Paramount political leader of more people than anyone else on the planet; 1.3 billion Chinese, some 70% in their prime working years of ages 15 to 64 powering world's low-cost workshop, transforming nation.
Biggest buyer of U.S. debt avoided Chinese meltdown during financial crisis with massive stimulus package to encourage domestic spending.
"Coming-out party" at 2008 Beijing Olympic Games showcased young, modern, harmonious society; reality often quite different — few political, religious, press freedoms; brutal suppression of Tibet; refusal to acknowledge Taiwanese independence.
Still, credible estimates have China poised to overtake U.S. as world's largest economy in 25 years — although, crucially, not on a per-capita basis.
© Alexey Druzhinin/AFP/Getty Images
Prime Minister might as well be known as Czar, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russians.
Vastly more powerful than his handpicked head-of-state, President Dmitry Medvedev.
Presides over one-ninth of Earth's land area, vast energy and mineral resources.
Former KGB officer unafraid to wield his power; invading Georgia, cutting off natural gas supplies to Ukraine or Western Europe (again).
Declared nuclear power has veto on U.N.'s Security Council.
"I'm deeply convinced that constant change is not for the better."
Ben S. Bernanke
Former chairman of Princeton's economics department and noted Great Depression scholar now guiding world's largest economy through Great Recession; has overseen massive growth in Fed's balance sheet, from less than $900 billion in liabilities in August 2008 to more than $2.1 trillion today.
With federal funds rate now effectively 0%, the so-called Bernanke Doctrine calls for using monetary policy to stave off deflation.
"The U.S. government has a technology, called a printing press, that allows it to produce as many dollars as it wishes at essentially no cost."
Sergey Brin and Larry Page
© AP Photo/Paul Sakuma
If knowledge is power, maybe information is too. Brainy duo met in Stanford computer science Ph.D. program, now trying to put all the world's information at your fingertips.
Known for collecting best and brightest young tech talent at Mountain View, Calif., "Googleplex"; employees encouraged to spend one day a week on personal projects; company often named "Best Place To Work" in America.
Google guys' combined net worth of $30.6 billion would place them third on the Forbes 400.
Yet despite professed intentions to "do no evil," Google is blamed in some quarters for decimating traditional publishing, journalism. Brin: "Some say Google is God, others say Google is Satan."
6. Carlos Slim Helú
© Chris Hondros/Getty Images
World's third-richest man is dominant economic force in Mexico, personal fortune equivalent to some 2% of Mexican GDP.
Telecommunications monopolist: His Telemex owns 90% of Mexico's fixed telephone lines; his TelCel has 90% of wireless market.
Also head of group dedicated to improving Mexico's roads, energy infrastructure, water supply.
New focus, media: Last fall snapped up 7% stake in the New York Times Co., largest after Sulzberger owner-family.
"I think it's perverse to believe there shouldn't be strong companies in poor countries."
7. Rupert Murdoch
"The man who owns the news" still believes in print, not afraid to use vast media holdings to further personal political views.
Media empire includes leading British (the Times), Australian (The Australian), American (The Wall Street Journal) newspapers, in addition to tabloids like the New York Post and The Sun (U.K.). Also movies (20th Century Fox), books (HarperCollins), television (Fox, BSkyB), online (MySpace).
Weak ad-marketing hurting his News Corp.: net loss of $3.4 billion in fiscal 2009, stock off March lows, but still well below 2007 levels, when he made a $5.6 billion gamble on Dow Jones. "Quality journalism isn't cheap."
8. Michael T. Duke
© Vivan Mehra/The India Today Group/Getty Images
Runs world's largest retailer, more country than company: $401 billion in annual sales, 2 million employees, 8,000 stores.
Wal-Mart alone is China's eighth-largest trading partner.
Largest private-sector employer in U.S.; favorite target of unions; blamed and praised for backing Obama health care proposals, shifting economic power from manufacturers to retailers, from mom-and-pop to big box.
"I am competitive by nature and I want to win."
9. Abdullah bin Abdul Aziz al Saud
© Marwan Naamani/AFP/Getty Images
Absolute ruler of desert kingdom that contains the world's largest crude oil reserves, two holiest sites in Islam.
State-owned oil producer Saudi Aramco most profitable company on Earth, earns more than $200 billion a year, has reserves of 260 billion barrels or 25% of planet's known supply.
Ultimate succession unclear: 85-year-old king's official heir is 81-year-old Crown Prince Sultan bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud.
In 2006, established committee of senior princes to ensure smooth transition in the event both become incapacitated.
10. William Gates III
© AP Photo/Chuck Burton
Richest man in the world dominated, transformed software business.
More than 85% of world's hundreds of millions of computer users stare at, struggle with, Microsoft products on daily basis.
Second act: Saving the world. Still Microsoft chairman, but now devotes day-to-day to his Bill & Melinda Gates foundation, the largest charity on Earth with $34 billion endowment. Foundation devoted to reducing hunger, improving education and fighting diseases like malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS.
11. Pope Benedict XVI
© AP Photo/Andrew Medichini
Spiritual leader is highest earthly authority for 1 billion souls, or about one-sixth of planet's population; runs Catholic Church, world's oldest, largest multinational.
A staunch traditionalist, unbending on reproductive matters, yet conservatism comforting to many.
12. Silvio Berlusconi
Prime Minister of Italy also media monopolist: Owns three television networks outright, controls three others through state. Also magazines, newspapers, advertising agencies.
Beyond politics and publishing, sports: His AC Milan is one of the world's premier soccer teams.
Colorful private life, bribery allegations, Cabinet member picks have caused him to be depicted as Europe's buffoon. Unfazed: Calls himself "the Jesus Christ of Italian politics."
13. Jeffrey R. Immelt
© AP Photo/Mark Lennihan
Heads General Electric, world's largest company.
Financial services account for more than half of revenue, but also has major presence in energy, media, transportation and aviation.
Company breeding ground for top executive talent; former GE brass have run companies ranging from Boeing to Rubbermaid.
Company poised to profit from Obama health care plans and clean energy initiatives; one of planet's largest manufacturers of wind turbines. Yes we can: "You can either sit with a hood over your head and pretend things won't change, or you can get ready for it."
14. Warren Buffett
© AP Photo/Matt Sayles
Greatest value investor of all time shrewdly profiting from global financial crisis; snapped up stakes in Goldman Sachs, General Electric during darkest days of 2008.
Opponent of inherited wealth has bequeathed vast majority of $40 billion fortune to buddy Bill Gates and his Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
"Be fearful when others are greedy, and be greedy when others are fearful."
15. Angela Merkel
© AP Photo/Markus Schreiber
Most powerful woman on planet.
As chancellor of Germany, oversees Europe's largest economy and fifth-largest in the world with $2.9 trillion GDP.
Renowned free-market champion and favorite of big business, favors Euro over waning greenback.
Green cred: Leading European charge against greenhouse gases.
Posted in Education, Entertainment, Finance, Health & Beauty, Insurance, Law, Odd News, Odd Stuff & News, Off Topic, Sports, Taxes.
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text:
'''
Line (SmoothLine) Experiment
============================

This demonstrates the experimental and unfinished SmoothLine feature
for fast line drawing. You should see a multi-segment
path at the top of the screen, and sliders and buttons along the bottom.
You can click to add new points to the segment, change the transparency
and width of the line, or hit 'Animate' to see a set of sine and cosine
animations. The Cap and Joint buttons don't work: SmoothLine has not
implemented these features yet.
'''

from kivy.app import App
from kivy.properties import OptionProperty, NumericProperty, ListProperty, \
        BooleanProperty
from kivy.uix.floatlayout import FloatLayout
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy.clock import Clock
from math import cos, sin

Builder.load_string('''
<LinePlayground>:
    canvas:
        Color:
            rgba: .4, .4, 1, root.alpha
        SmoothLine:
            points: self.points
            joint: self.joint
            cap: self.cap
            width: self.linewidth
            close: self.close
        Color:
            rgba: .8, .8, .8, root.alpha_controlline
        SmoothLine:
            points: self.points
            close: self.close
        Color:
            rgba: 1, .4, .4, root.alpha
        SmoothLine:
            points: self.points2
            joint: self.joint
            cap: self.cap
            width: self.linewidth
            close: self.close

    GridLayout:
        cols: 2
        size_hint: 1, None
        height: 44 * 5

        GridLayout:
            cols: 2

            Label:
                text: 'Alpha'
            Slider:
                value: root.alpha
                on_value: root.alpha = float(args[1])
                min: 0.
                max: 1.
            Label:
                text: 'Alpha Control Line'
            Slider:
                value: root.alpha_controlline
                on_value: root.alpha_controlline = float(args[1])
                min: 0.
                max: 1.
            Label:
                text: 'Width'
            Slider:
                value: root.linewidth
                on_value: root.linewidth = args[1]
                min: 1
                max: 40
            Label:
                text: 'Cap'
            GridLayout:
                rows: 1
                ToggleButton:
                    group: 'cap'
                    text: 'none'
                    on_press: root.cap = self.text
                ToggleButton:
                    group: 'cap'
                    text: 'round'
                    on_press: root.cap = self.text
                ToggleButton:
                    group: 'cap'
                    text: 'square'
                    on_press: root.cap = self.text
            Label:
                text: 'Joint'
            GridLayout:
                rows: 1
                ToggleButton:
                    group: 'joint'
                    text: 'none'
                    on_press: root.joint = self.text
                ToggleButton:
                    group: 'joint'
                    text: 'round'
                    on_press: root.joint = self.text
                ToggleButton:
                    group: 'joint'
                    text: 'miter'
                    on_press: root.joint = self.text
                ToggleButton:
                    group: 'joint'
                    text: 'bevel'
                    on_press: root.joint = self.text

            Label:
                text: 'Close'
            ToggleButton:
                text: 'Close line'
                on_press: root.close = self.state == 'down'

        AnchorLayout:
            GridLayout:
                cols: 1
                size_hint: None, None
                size: self.minimum_size
                ToggleButton:
                    size_hint: None, None
                    size: 100, 44
                    text: 'Animate'
                    on_state: root.animate(self.state == 'down')
                Button:
                    size_hint: None, None
                    size: 100, 44
                    text: 'Clear'
                    on_press: root.points = root.points2 = []

''')

class LinePlayground(FloatLayout):
    alpha_controlline = NumericProperty(1.0)
    alpha = NumericProperty(0.5)
    close = BooleanProperty(False)
    points = ListProperty([(500, 500),
                          [300, 300, 500, 300],
                          [500, 400, 600, 400]])
    points2 = ListProperty([])
    joint = OptionProperty('none', options=('round', 'miter', 'bevel', 'none'))
    cap = OptionProperty('none', options=('round', 'square', 'none'))
    linewidth = NumericProperty(10.0)
    dt = NumericProperty(0)

    def on_touch_down(self, touch):
        if super(LinePlayground, self).on_touch_down(touch):
            return True
        touch.grab(self)
        self.points.append(touch.pos)
        return True

    def on_touch_move(self, touch):
        if touch.grab_current is self:
            self.points[-1] = touch.pos
            return True
        return super(LinePlayground, self).on_touch_move(touch)

    def on_touch_up(self, touch):
        if touch.grab_current is self:
            touch.ungrab(self)
            return True
        return super(LinePlayground, self).on_touch_up(touch)

    def animate(self, do_animation):
        if do_animation:
            Clock.schedule_interval(self.update_points_animation, 0)
        else:
            Clock.unschedule(self.update_points_animation)

    def update_points_animation(self, dt):
        cy = self.height * 0.6
        cx = self.width * 0.1
        w = self.width * 0.8
        step = 20
        points = []
        points2 = []
        self.dt += dt
        for i in range(int(w / step)):
            x = i * step
            points.append(cx + x)
            points.append(cy + cos(x / w * 8. + self.dt) * self.height * 0.2)
            points2.append(cx + x)
            points2.append(cy + sin(x / w * 8. + self.dt) * self.height * 0.2)
        self.points = points
        self.points2 = points2

class TestLineApp(App):
    def build(self):
        return LinePlayground()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    TestLineApp().run()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Almost all plastic now resides as litter or micro-plastics pollution in the natural environment, or buried in landfills. As of 2015, only 9% of the plastics made to date have been recycled, and only 12% incinerated — together accounting for around 2 billion metric tons of plastic — according to the new research. The other 6.3 billion metric tons of plastics that have been produced have become waste (~79%).
Much of the discarded plastic now exists as so-called "micro-plastics" pollution — circulating en masse in the oceans and seas of the world, and present in the seafood that many people eat.
The research predicts that if current trends continue, around 12 billion metric tons of plastic waste will be polluting the natural environment or in landfills by 2050.
The press release provides more: "The scientists compiled production statistics for resins, fibers and additives from a variety of industry sources and synthesized them according to type and consuming sector.
Something that the new research revealed that's particularly interesting is the speed at which plastics production has been increasing in recent years — with roughly half of all the plastics ever produced having been produced in just the last 13 years.
If current rates of production and waste continue, one has to really wonder just how polluted the world's oceans will be with plastic by 2050.
More than 8.3 billion metric tons of plastics have been produced by humans since large-scale production began back in the 1950s, according to a new study published in the journal Science Advances.


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text:
Immigration Detainees in California Were Given Rancid Meat While in Custody
Department of Homeland Security inspections have revealed that two Orange County facilities served rotten cold cuts to those detained for their immigration status.
Alex Swerdloff
How a Clinton-Era Law Is Still Criminalizing Immigrants Today
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibly Act reinforced the idea that there are "good" immigrants and "bad" immigrants, and the bad ones should be deported straight away.
We Asked an Expert What Will Happen to Obama's Immigration Plans Now
Does the Supreme Court's 4-4 split on the president's executive actions on deportations mean those measures are definitely dead?
Ted Hesson
Donald Trump Revealed How He'll Force Mexico to Pay for the Wall, and It's Pretty Nuts
Mexico is still going to pay for it, and it'll only take a few days to convince the country, apparently.
Helen Donahue
Whatever Happened to Arizona's Minutemen?
The homegrown border militia had thousands of members in the mid-2000s. Today, the group has splintered into several rival factions, many of which still regularly patrol the border.
Meredith Hoffman
What Donald Trump Can Learn from Alabama's Failed Anti-Immigration Law
The state's experiment in "self-deportation" reveals what might happen if the US sent 11 million undocumented workers home.
Will the Supreme Court Finally Kill Obama's Immigration Reforms?
The justices will once again determine the fate of the president's domestic policy legacy.
Brian McManus
We Asked Latino Republicans What They Really Want from GOP Candidates in 2016
In the GOP's alternate universe of mass deportations and anchor babies and IRS agents patrolling the border, what does it mean to be a conservative who supports immigration reform?
The House of Representatives Is Trying to Block Syrian Refugees with Red Tape
Lawmakers—including nearly 50 Democrats—easily passed a bill that would effectively stall Obama's plans to accept 10,000 new refugees from the war-torn country.
Mike Pearl
In a Bad Week for Australian Border Force, a Refugee Threatens Self-Immolation and Disappears
Last week a rape victim was returned to the Nauru detention center without an abortion. This week a 30-year-old refugee has probably set himself on fire.
Royce Kurmelovs
Nauru Will Soon Let Detained Refugees Walk Around the Island, But So What?
As one human rights lawyer put it, "letting people go for a walk does not resolve the fundamental problems caused by indefinitely warehousing them on a tiny remote island."
Samuel Tate
Why White Supremacists Love Donald Trump
Along with a broad swath of Republican voters—plus Dennis Rodman—America's racists are getting on board the Trump bandwagon.
Peter Rugh

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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– An article on WWE's website notes that celebrities who watched WrestleMania 31 in the crowd were TV host Maria Menounos, legendary music producer Rick Rubin, ESPN's Michelle Beadle and her boyfriend actor/singer Steve Kazee, drummer Travis Barker and his kids, Hot 97 DJ Peter Rosenberg, Nick Hogan and his girlfriend, Brooke Hogan and her boyfriend, TV host Katie Linendoll with radio personality Sam Roberts, singer Skylar Grey with music mogul Jimmy Iovine, Cousin Sal from Jimmy Kimmel Live! with his son, San Francisco 49er Vernon Davis and of course MMA's Four Horsewomen – UFC Women's Bantamweight Champion Ronda Rousey, Shayna Baszler, Jessamyn Duke and Marina Shafir. Most of these names are big pro wrestling fans.
– WWE is teasing that Sheamus may be the first Superstar to officially challenge WWE Intercontinental Champion Daniel Bryan on Monday's RAW from Austin, Texas. Since last week's RAW, there's been speculation that we could see a Fatal 4 Way with Bryan defending against Sheamus, Dolph Ziggler and Bad News Barrett at Extreme Rules.


text:
CHWA 2021 Awards Shortlist: Collective Power
Together we are stronger.
In collaboration with the Ideas Alliance and The LENs this award aims to recognise an inspiring project, consortium, collective or movement of people in which meaningful partnership and co-production has improved the health and wellbeing of individuals and communities through culture and creativity.
Boats on an Ocean
This project was a unique collaboration between researchers from Coventry University, producers at China Plate Theatre and a group of artists to create the audio artwork 'Boats on an Ocean', funded by 'Coventry Creates' (Coventry/ Warwick University). The artwork is a representation of the stories, experiences and emotions shared by healthcare workers (HCWs) from across the UK, gathered during an online creative workshop in June 2020 amid the Covid-19 first wave.
Through the process of sharing stories and hearing them aloud within the artwork, power was devolved to HCW participants: HCWs explained that the project helped them to feel that their voices were being heard and that the artwork was a way for the public to relate to their experiences. Researchers, artists and HCWs learned from one another and developed a sense of commonality - although we are in 'different boats', we are all on the same ocean.
Boats on an Ocean- Ian Taylor, Unsplash
" We are delighted to be nominated for the Collective Power award. In particular at this unprecedented time for healthcare workers, we feel the arts are a way for the general public to relate to their stories and experiences. This nomination provides recognition of the importance of supporting healthcare workers as we enter the second phase of the project, working towards evidencing this arts-based intervention."
Listen and read more here
Breathe Arts Health Research: NHS Staff Wellbeing Programme
Breathe Arts Health Research (Breathe) design and deliver creative programmes, underpinned by scientific research, to improve health and wellbeing. Our work is co-produced with healthcare staff, patients, artists and scientists to meet specific clinical and health needs.
We're proud to have supported NHS staff health and wellbeing since our inception in 2012 and with the support of Guy's and St Thomas' Charity, 2020 has been no exception. In the face of COVID-19 Breathe immediately transformed our existing NHS Staff Wellbeing offering to an online programme, ensuring improved accessibility. In consultation with NHS staff, Breathe developed a selection of new programmes to meet specific needs that had arisen in response to the pandemic. The success of our approach is demonstrated in an external evaluation, 88% of participants reported a positive impact on wellbeing during COVID-19 and 97% would recommend Breathe's activities. We believe this represents collective power; we're stronger together.
Breathing Spaces, Breathe Arts Health Research, Photo by Richard Eaton
'The team at Breathe Arts Health Research, are delighted to be shortlisted for this award. This is recognition not just for us, but most importantly for the fantastic NHS Staff at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS who've been working tirelessly throughout the pandemic. By accessing our programmes staff have prioritised their own self-care, vital for continued health and wellbeing. Together we have co-created a wide range of exceptional creative programmes specifically designed to improve health – more crucial now than ever.' -
Yvonne Farquharson, Founder and Managing Director, Breathe Arts Health Research
Dance On, Yorkshire Dance
Yorkshire Dance is a charity which champions the value of dance and its development in Yorkshire. We create opportunities for people of all ages, backgrounds and abilities to see, make and take part in high quality dance.
We work with dance makers who'd like to change the world, however big or small. We're passionate about supporting artists who ask questions of themselves, their work and of the world.
It's important to us to share the power of decision making with others. We support people to develop dance leadership in a number of ways; curating spaces, programmes of work, driving artistic projects, running courses or businesses. We work with communities to empower, shape and deliver dance programmes in their spaces, on their streets and with community partners who know them best. We place collaboration in every aspect of our work, recognising that our best work happens when we share power.
Yorkshire Dance
"Being nominated for Collective Power for the Dance On programme, is a huge moment for us, our partners and our participants and we take great pride in sharing this success with them. After an exhausting and demanding year in which our partnership have worked tirelessly to keep older people connected and active, this nomination exemplifies the approach and ethos that lies at the heart of our programme."
Joy of Sound-Ever New Stories
If... we get it right for disabled people, we can get it right for everyone. Irrespective of gender, ethnicity, age or perceived sagacity... (Mark Jeffrey)
JOS works with people of all abilities as co-creators of effective, popular therapeutic arts and music activities of personal, social and aesthetic significance towards an equitable society of mutual interests and respect.
By regarding every person as a Rosetta Stone, we can learn about ourselves whilst learning about each other. Through our collective creative imagination we can build safe and healthy communities with mutual responsibility, as safe and secure home, and as legacy to future generations.
Through self cultivation we can learn to respect and nourish each other whilst nurturing society's wellbeing and enhancing global culture.
Increased inclusive social awareness encourages the appreciation of human difference, and of natures immense diversity as a sustainable community garden of shared resource, potential and delight.
Joy of Sound
" Joy of Sound (JOS) is a very small volunteer led organisation, working on a shoestring to deliver much needed creative wellbeing respite to some of our society's most vulnerable people.
We have survived heartily and have actually increased our front-line service delivery by rapid uptake of new technology during the covid 19 pandemic.
This nomination comes as a welcome and moving acknowledgement for ALL JOS participants, volunteers, support givers and associates; for our shared achievements and ongoing work. Such recognition is a flutter of spring blossom in the wake of a long and testing covid winter."
Maternal Journal
Maternal Journal is a peer-led movement with over 60 groups worldwide, and a thriving online community who regularly share their work together on social media.
Maternal Journal helps people process the major changes they might be experiencing in pregnancy, birth and beyond by connecting through their creativity and shared maternal and caring experiences. By capturing meaningful thoughts and experiences in their journal people find a positive way to process challenging and as well as joyful moments.
Maternal Journal is anchored in journaling as a radical feminist practice, highlighting the history and collective power of women's diaries and journaling and 'making circles' from the past.
Taking part in a journaling group is an empowering experience. People tell us they feel seen, heard and validated. New parenthood can be isolating and with the added impact of a global pandemic Maternal Journal can be a positive factor in addressing maternal mental health and wellbeing.
" We are delighted to be shortlisted for the Collective Power Award!
Maternal Journal is a community peer-led movement. This recognition honours all the workshop leaders who have been supporting mothers and people who birth, particularly during the pandemic, as well as all the incredible people who take part, sharing their experiences and creating wonderful work in their journals."
Misery Meets
Misery is a peer-led collective, created to support the mental health and collective care of our community; queer, transgender & intersex Black & people of colour (QTIBPOC).
Misery draws its strength from creativity, community wisdom/lived experience, and collective power and creates spaces to provide the community with the resources, support, and joy that it deserves.
We champion practices of community care, accessibility, and ancestral modes of healing and are known for hosting sober parties, workshops, performances, healing circles, skill & resource-sharing, and other events centered around harm reduction and therapeutic practices.
Quickly responding to the pandemic, we collaborated with other QTIBPOC mental health practitioners and artists and delivered Misery Meets, a monthly online healing circle followed by a creative workshop designed to support the mental health of QTIBPOC.
Since 2019 we have held 21 free arts and wellbeing events, supporting over 1200 individual members of our community.
" It's an honour to be nominated for the CHWA Collective Power Award, amongst so many other brilliant projects and collectives that continue to inspire us. If anything, last year has demonstrated the importance of community and the need for us to work together if we want to survive future pandemics and the climate crisis. Creating spaces of collective care will continue to be increasingly important, and it feels amazing to be recognised for our hard work. Thank you! "
Outside Edge Theatre Company
Using drama as a creative outlet, Outside Edge Theatre Company's strength-based approach helps people affected by addiction to build the skills required to lead productive, healthy lives with 97% of participants reporting that we supported their recovery.
During lockdown our participants experienced acute loneliness, boredom and depression, which are triggers for relapse, so we were pleased to see a 40% increase in attendance since moving activities online. Over the past year we have brought people and organisations together to cooperate to achieve the shared goal of improving health and wellbeing in our local Recovery Community through the arts. We have co-produced new activities to address the urgent needs of the people we support, we have partnered with new artists and organisations with lived experience of addiction and we have worked with our existing partners to maintain a safe working environment for our staff and participants.
To allow us to build our capacity, we have strengthened our volunteering offer so that existing participants have more opportunities to contribute to our creative work and support their peers. This led to the co-design of a new Peer-led Check-in group, which is run by volunteers who were recognised by the Mayor of London with a Volunteering Award for their outstanding achievement throughout the pandemic.
Outside Edge Theatre Company's Check-in/Check-out. Photo credit: Ali Wright)
" We are honoured that Outside Edge Theatre Company's work has been recognised by the Culture Health and Wellbeing Alliance with a nomination for the Collective Power Award.
We are grateful to share this nomination with the incredible arts, health and wellbeing organisations we partnered with over the past year that helped us grow a nation-wide creative Recovery Community which is not limited by geography or art form."


Let's build software like an axe.
A prominent or distinctive aspect, quality, or characteristic: a feature of one's personality; a feature of the landscape.
Does only one thing & does it well.
Simple to obtain, use, and maintain.
Works on a platform that nearly everybody has.
Is the property of the owner.
For the task of chopping wood the axe is a perfect technology.
An axe is made to do one thing and do it well. It has no features.
An axe is finished. You buy the axe from the store and it chops wood.
The axe design changes only over millenia: slowly and carefully. The axe itself does not change.
An axe does not receive upgrades. Nobody wants "continuous delivery" for their axe. The axe is immutable.
Let's remove all the "features".
Let's do one thing and do it well.
Let's build things simple enough to secure.
Let's finish the software before we release it.
Let's release immutable, self-contained artifacts.
By all means, experiment. When it comes time to release let's be disciplined and craft something secure, wholesome, and complete.
I had an idea for a video game a while back. It's a multiplayer mission game with rogue-like elements, set in various procedurally generated airports through which you can transit.
Everybody's missions are all mixed up together, so you might have a mission to deliver a package and somebody else's mission is to stop you. You might be trying to transit throuh several airports and other people are trying to catch you. You might be trying to find an item that somebody else has hidden. You might be chaperone to a VIP and the VIP is another player. Missions would last an average of 5 minutes each and feature a count-down timer as in the game Counterstrike.
The visual style would be vector based similar to those isometric maps you sometimes see in airports.
I don't play many video games but I very much enjoyed the pace and aesthetic of the game Rymdkapsel by Martin Jonasson.
I found it was an easy game to put down and pick up again for short bursts of play.
Probably my favourite video game is Another World by Eric Chahi which features a vector style and is similarly easy to play in small increments.


Enter for your chance to win a $3,000 deck makeover.
What would you do if you had $3,000 to spend on your dream deck? If you're the winner of this month's give-away, you can use your cash to transform your deck from a weather-worn surface to a relaxation destination. Plus you'll get the tools to keep it looking great for years to come. Keep reading for a few ideas and inspiration for how you can spruce up this outdoor hangout.
Kick off your deck refresh by giving your floors, siding, and patio furniture a deep clean with the Hyde PivotPro Water Wand. This multitasking tool connects to any standard garden hose and features a soap compartment and an adjustable nozzle to eliminate grit and grime from all of your outdoor surfaces.
If your deck doesn't need much maintenance, consider outfitting it with new patio furniture and accessories. If you're the winner of the $3,000 Refresh Your Deck Give-Away, you can upgrade your space with decorative fabrics, bright umbrellas, or a table fit for the whole family.
A fresh coat of color will make any old deck look new again. As the winner of the Refresh Your Deck Give-Away with Hyde Tools, you could use the $3,000 to put toward a stain, paint, or seal that transforms your structure from a dingy eyesore to an eye-catching attraction.
If you're the winner of this month's give-away, you could put your $3,000 toward any deck repairs you've been putting off. Replace boards, address wood rot, and strengthen weak structural zones to get your deck back in shape for spring. Better yet, use your prize money to get a pro on the job, so the only thing you need to do is enjoy your like-new deck.


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Home/News/World/Australia/Novak Djokovic's visa has been cancelled again. Here's what happens now
Novak Djokovic's visa has been cancelled again. Here's what happens now
Anton Chekhov Chekhov 7 days ago
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Djokovic lawyer Paul Holdensen requested a full court of three judges, rather than a single judge, hear the appeal on Sunday.
Government lawyer Stephen Lloyd said the government was opposed to a full court referral. He also requested a live transcript of Sunday's hearing.
If it goes straight to the three judges, the decision cannot be later appealed to the full bench.
A decision on how many judges are present on Sunday is expected later on Saturday.
As part of a court order made by Federal Circuit Court Judge Anthony Kelly on Friday, Djokovic attended a meeting with immigration officials on Saturday morning.
Nine News published photographs of Djokovic returning to immigration detention at Carlton's Park Hotel just after 3.30pm on Saturday.
There are currently 32 asylum seekers and refugees detained at Park Hotel.
Many of the men at the facility have been in Australia's immigration system for nearly a decade and have not been allowed to leave detention centres during legal battles.
A fire broke out at the facility in recent weeks and detainees have reported being given meals with maggots and mould to eat. It's also been the site of a COVID-19 outbreak, where half of the detainees and around 20 staff became infected.
'Djokovic's presence may lead to more anti-vax sentiment'
Djokovic, who is unvaccinated against COVID-19, arrived in the country last Thursday for the Australian Open, when he was detained by border officials and had his visa cancelled.
Australia's pandemic response has included an insistence a visa holder must be double-vaccinated or show acceptable proof they cannot be vaccinated to enter quarantine-free.
While the first cancellation was later overturned by a federal court on fairness grounds, Djokovic was faced with uncertainty over his future in the Australian Open with the possibility of a second visa cancellation from the immigration minister.
Novak Djokovic practices on Margaret Court Arena in Melbourne, Australia, Thursday, January 13, 2022. Source: AP
In court documents uploaded online on Saturday, it was revealed Mr Hawke cancelled Djokovic's visa for the second time as he believed the tennis star's presence in Australia may "foster anti-vaccination sentiment" and "civil unrest".
"I consider that Mr Djokovic's ongoing presence in Australia may lead to an increase in anti-vaccination sentiment generated in the Australian community, potentially leading to an increase in civil unrest of the kind previously experienced in Australia with rallies and protests which may themselves be a source of community transmission," he said.
Mr Hawke also said allowing Djokovic to stay in Australia could lead to "other unvaccinated persons refusing to become vaccinated" or reduce Australia's uptake of COVID-19 booster jabs.
"I am concerned that his presence in Australia, given his well-known stance on vaccination, creates a risk of strengthening the anti-vaccination sentiment of a minority of the Australian community," he said.
Mr Hawke also noted Djokovic's "apparent disregard" for the need to isolate after testing positive. The Serbian has admitted to attending an interview and photoshoot in the days after contracting the virus last month.
Djokovic's lawyers, however, said the minister was "patently irrational" in not considering that kicking the tennis star out of the country would also excite the same anti-vaccination sentiments.
They also said Mr Hawke "cited no evidence" to support the idea Djokovic's presence in Australia could foster anti-vaccination sentiment.
Djokovic's lawyers filed an amended application on Saturday afternoon, adding a third ground for dismissal.
They said they will also argue it was not open to the minister to make findings that Djokovic had a "well-known stance on vaccination".
They said the finding was based on statements made by Djokovic in 2020 and that the minister did not seek Djokovic's current views on vaccination.
The Australian Open begins on Monday, with Djokovic looking to secure his 10th title at the event.
Djokovic was named in the draw on Thursday, where he is slated to face Serbian compatriot Miomir Kecmanovic.
With AAP.
File source
cancelled Djokovics Heres Novak Visa
This is the year I conquer the Raspberry Pi
Suspect In Wisconsin Parade Crash Required To Stand Trial For Murder, Faces Mandatory Life In Prison


Every day the children in the Harrow Early Years Centre experience joy and wonder as they discover and learn through play. Parents are welcomed as valued partners when joining their toddlers at Harrow Early Years Centre. Together they begin their child's early learning journey.
The sessions are aimed at children aged between 18 months to 36 months. They are run by qualified Early Years native English speakers and assisted by experienced and trained Thai support staff in a purpose built centre. Depending on your personal needs, attendance is flexible.
Natural and open ended resources encourage curiosity and enquiry within thoughtfully organised classrooms that reflect the introduction of the Reggio approach towards the environment and independence of the learner. Dedicated, innovative and caring staff support each child along their individual learning journey, encouraging each child to reach their potential.


Generators Intro - AMHAC, Corp.
When the power goes out, your home's safety and comfort are on the line. It could last hours, or it could last days. Extended power outages in the winter can be even more dangerous. Plummeting temperatures and a home without heat can cause health risks, especially to the oldest and youngest residents in the home. To make matters worse today's homes are dependent on electricity like never before, with sensitive, high-tech appliances and electronics that can be inoperable or even damaged by interruption of service. In these situations, a backup power solution can literally be a lifesaver.
AMHAC provides a full line of standby generators that run on natural gas. They are equipped with automatic startup and shutdown which guarantees that essential services in your home will always be on. Imagine the peace of mind your family will have knowing that your heating, hot water, air conditioning, sump pump, kitchen appliances, and washer and dryer will work during a power failure.
How do you match the sizing of a generator to your home's needs?
What are your power priorities?
What is the noise level as measured in decibels?


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Using Habitat Classification to Assess Representativity of a Protected Area Network in a Large, Data-Poor Area Targeted for Deep-Sea Mining
McQuaid KA, Attrill MJ, Clark MR, Cobley A, Glover AG, Smith CR, Howell KL. Using Habitat Classification to Assess Representativity of a Protected Area Network in a Large, Data-Poor Area Targeted for Deep-Sea Mining. Frontiers in Marine Science [Internet]. 2020 ;7. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.558860/full?utm_source=F-AAE&utm_medium=EMLF&utm_campaign=MRK_1509416_45_Marine_20201217_arts_A
Extractive activities in the ocean are expanding into the vast, poorly studied deep sea, with the consequence that environmental management decisions must be made for data-poor seafloor regions. Habitat classification can support marine spatial planning and inform decision-making processes in such areas. We present a regional, top–down, broad-scale, seafloor-habitat classification for the Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone (CCZ), an area targeted for future polymetallic nodule mining in abyssal waters in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Our classification uses non-hierarchical, k-medoids clustering to combine environmental correlates of faunal distributions in the region. The classification uses topographic variables, particulate organic carbon flux to the seafloor, and is the first to use nodule abundance as a habitat variable. Twenty-four habitat classes are identified, with large expanses of abyssal plain and smaller classes with varying topography, food supply, and substrata. We then assess habitat representativity of the current network of protected areas (called Areas of Particular Environmental Interest) in the CCZ. Several habitat classes with high nodule abundance are common in mining exploration claims, but currently receive little to no protection in APEIs. There are several large unmanaged areas containing high nodule abundance on the periphery of the CCZ, as well as smaller unmanaged areas within the central CCZ, that could be considered for protection from mining to improve habitat representativity and safeguard regional biodiversity.
Coupled Epidemio-Hydrodynamic Modeling to Understand the Spread of a Deadly Coral Disease in Florida
Dobbelaere T, Muller EM, Gramer LJ, Holstein DM, Hanert E. Coupled Epidemio-Hydrodynamic Modeling to Understand the Spread of a Deadly Coral Disease in Florida. Frontiers in Marine Science [Internet]. 2020 ;7. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.591881/full?utm_source=F-AAE&utm_medium=EMLF&utm_campaign=MRK_1509416_45_Marine_20201217_arts_A
For the last six years, the Florida Reef Tract (FRT) has been experiencing an outbreak of the Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease (SCTLD). First reported off the coast of Miami-Dade County in 2014, the SCTLD has since spread throughout the entire FRT with the exception of the Dry Tortugas. However, the causative agent for this outbreak is currently unknown. Here we show how a high-resolution bio-physical model coupled with a modified patch Susceptible-Infectious-Removed epidemic model can characterize the potential causative agent(s) of the disease and its vector. In the present study, the agent is assumed to be transported within composite material (e.g., coral mucus, dying tissues, and/or resuspended sediments) driven by currents and potentially persisting in the water column for extended periods of time. In this framework, our simulations suggest that the SCTLD is likely to be propagated within neutrally buoyant material driven by mean barotropic currents. Calibration of our model parameters with field data shows that corals are diseased within a mean transmission time of 6.45 days, with a basic reproduction number slightly above 1. Furthermore, the propagation speed of the disease through the FRT is shown to occur for a well-defined range of values of a disease threshold, defined as the fraction of diseased corals that causes an exponential growth of the disease in the reef site. Our results present a new connectivity-based approach to understand the spread of the SCTLD through the FRT. Such a method can provide a valuable complement to field observations and lab experiments to support the management of the epidemic as well as the identification of its causative agent.
Coral Disease Time Series Highlight Size-Dependent Risk and Other Drivers of White Syndrome in a Multi-Species Model
Greene A, Donahue MJ, Caldwell JM, Heron SF, Geiger E, Raymundo LJ. Coral Disease Time Series Highlight Size-Dependent Risk and Other Drivers of White Syndrome in a Multi-Species Model. Frontiers in Marine Science [Internet]. 2020 ;7. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.601469/full?utm_source=F-AAE&utm_medium=EMLF&utm_campaign=MRK_1509416_45_Marine_20201217_arts_A
Coral diseases contribute to the decline of reef communities, but factors that lead to disease are difficult to detect. In the present study, we develop a multi-species model of colony-scale risk for the class of coral diseases referred to as White Syndromes, investigating the role of current or past conditions, including both environmental stressors and biological drivers at the colony and community scales. Investigating 7 years of coral survey data at five sites in Guam we identify multiple environmental and ecological associations with White Syndrome, including a negative relationship between short-term heat stress and White Syndrome occurrence, and strong evidence of increasing size-dependent White Syndrome risk across coral species. Our findings result in a generalized model used to predict colony-scale White Syndrome risk for multiple species, highlighting the value of long-term monitoring efforts to detect drivers of coral disease.
Wave-Induced Distribution of Microplastic in the Surf Zone
Kerpen NB, Schlurmann T, Schendel A, Gundlach J, Marquard D, Hüpgen M. Wave-Induced Distribution of Microplastic in the Surf Zone. Frontiers in Marine Science [Internet]. 2020 ;7. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.590565/full?utm_source=F-AAE&utm_medium=EMLF&utm_campaign=MRK_1509416_45_Marine_20201217_arts_A
In this study, the wave-induced distribution of 13 microplastic (MP) samples of different size, shape, and density was investigated in a wave flume with a sandy mobile beach bed profile. The particle parameter were chosen based on an occurrence probability investigated from the field. MP abundances were analyzed in cross-shore and vertical direction of the test area after over 40,000 regular waves. It was found, that MP particles accumulated in more shallow waters with increasing size and density. Particles with high density (ρs>1.25 g/cm3ρs>1.25 g/cm3) have been partly confined into deeper layers of the sloping beach during the formation of the bed profile. Particles with a density lower than that of water used in the experiments floated constantly in the surf zone or deposited on the beach caused by wave run-up. A correlation was found between the settling velocity of the MP particles and the flow velocity at the accumulation point and a power function equation developed. The obtained results were critically discussed with findings from the field and further laboratory studies.
A methodological framework for characterizing fish swimming and escapement behaviors in trawls
Robert M, Cortay A, Morfin M, Simon J, Morandeau F, Deneubourg JLouis, Vincent B. A methodological framework for characterizing fish swimming and escapement behaviors in trawls Guerrero AMedina. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2020 ;15(12):e0243311. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0243311
Knowledge about fish behavior is crucial to be able to influence the capture process and catch species composition. The rapid expansion of the use of underwater cameras has facilitated unprecedented opportunities for studying the behavior of species interacting with fishing gears in their natural environment. This technological advance would greatly benefit from the parallel development of dedicated methodologies accounting for right-censored observations and variable observation periods between individuals related to instrumental, environmental and behavioral events. In this paper we proposed a methodological framework, based on a parametric Weibull mixture model, to describe the process of escapement attempts through time, test effects of covariates and estimate the probability that a fish will attempt to escape. We additionally proposed to better examine the escapement process at the individual level with regard to the temporal dynamics of escapement over time. Our approach was used to analyze gadoids swimming and escapement behaviors collected using a video set up in front of a selective device known to improve selectivity on gadoids in the extension of a bottom trawl. Comparison of the fit of models indicates that i) the instantaneous rate of escape attempts is constant over time and that the escapement process can be modelled using an exponential law; ii) the mean time before attempting to escape increases with the increasing number of attempts; iii) more than 80% of the gadoids attempted to escape through the selective device; and iv) the estimated probability of success was around 15%. Effects of covariates on the probability of success were investigated using binomial regression but none of them were significant. The data set collected is insufficient to make general statements, and further observations are required to properly investigate the effect of intrinsic and extrinsic factors governing gadoids behavior in trawls. This methodology could be used to better characterize the underlying behavioral process of fish in other parts of a bottom trawl or in relation to other fishing gears.
Marine reserve benefits and recreational fishing yields: The winners and the losers
Kayal M, Cigala M, Cambra E, Soulat N, Mercader M, Lebras A, Ivanoff P, Sébési L, Lassus-Debat A, Hartmann V, et al. Marine reserve benefits and recreational fishing yields: The winners and the losers Belgrano A. PLOS ONE [Internet]. 2020 ;15(12):e0237685. Available from: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0237685
Marine reserves constitute effective tools for preserving fish stocks and associated human benefits. However, not all reserves perform equally, and predicting the response of marine communities to management actions in the long run is challenging. Our decadal-scale survey of recreational fishing yields at France's 45-year old Cerbère-Banyuls marine reserve indicated significant protection benefits, with 40–50% higher fishing yields per unit effort in the partial-protection zone of the reserve (where fishing is permitted but at a lower level) than in surrounding non-reserve areas. Over the period 2005–2014, catch per unit effort (CPUE) declined both inside and outside the reserve, while weight per unit effort (WPUE) increased by 131% inside and decreased by 60% outside. Different CPUE and WPUE trajectories among fish families indicated changing catch assemblages, with yields increasing for the family most valued by fisheries, Sparidae (the ecological winners). However, reserve benefits were restricted to off-shore fishermen (the social winners), as on-shore yields were ~4 times lower and declining, even inside the reserve. Our study illustrates how surveys of recreational fishing yields can help evaluate the effectiveness of marine protected areas for key social and ecological protagonists. We show that, more than four decades after its establishment, fishing efficiencies at the historical Cerbère-Banyuls marine reserve are still changing, but benefits in terms of catch abundance, weight, and composition remain predominantly restricted to off-shore fishermen. Further regulations appear necessary to guarantee that conservation strategies equitably benefit societal groups.
Fishing within offshore wind farms in the North Sea: Stakeholder perspectives for multi-use from Scotland and Germany
Schupp MFelix, Kafas A, Buck BH, Krause G, Onyango V, Stelzenmüller V, Davies I, Scott BE. Fishing within offshore wind farms in the North Sea: Stakeholder perspectives for multi-use from Scotland and Germany. Journal of Environmental Management [Internet]. 2021 ;279:111762. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030147972031687X?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
Offshore wind power generation requires large areas of sea to accommodate its activities, with increasing claims for exclusive access. As a result, pressure is placed on other established maritime uses, such as commercial fisheries. The latter sector has often been taking a back seat in the thrust to move energy production offshore, thus leading to disagreements and conflicts among the different stakeholder groups. In recognition of the latter, there has been a growing international interest in exploring the combination of multiple maritime activities in the same area (multi-use; MU), including the re-instatement of fishing activities within, or in close proximity to, offshore wind farms (OWFs). We summarise local stakeholder perspectives from two sub-national case studies (East coast of Scotland and Germany's North Sea EEZ) to scope the feasibility of combining multiple uses of the sea, such as offshore wind farms and commercial fisheries. We combined a desk-based review with 15 semi-structured qualitative interviews with key knowledge holders from both industries, regulators, and academia to aggregate key results. Drivers, barriers and resulting effects (positive and negative) for potential multi-use of fisheries and OWFs are listed and ranked (57 factors in total). Factors are of economic, social, policy, legal, and technical nature. To date, in both case study areas, the offshore wind industry has shown little interest in multi-use solutions, unless clear added value is demonstrated and no risks to their operations are involved. In contrast, the commercial fishing sector is proactive towards multi-use projects and acts as a driving force for MU developments. We provide a range of management recommendations, based on stakeholder input, to support progress towards robust decision making in relation to multi-use solutions, including required policy and regulatory framework improvements, good practice guidance, empirical studies, capacity building of stakeholders and improvements of the consultation process. Our findings represent a comprehensive depiction of the current state and key stakeholder aspirations for multi-use solutions combining fisheries and OWFs. We believe that the pathways towards robust decision making in relation to multi-use solutions suggested here are transferable to other international locations.
Carboxylesterase activities as potential biomarkers of pollution in marine pelagic predators
Nos D, Navarro J, Macías D, Solé M. Carboxylesterase activities as potential biomarkers of pollution in marine pelagic predators. Ecological Indicators [Internet]. 2021 ;122:107217. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20311560?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
Assessment of chemical exposures in the marine environment is frequently undertaken in sedentary organisms inhabiting coastal environments. However, predatory pelagic fish should be considered sentinel species, as they play an important role in the sustainability of the ecosystems due to their high position in trophic webs. In this study, carboxylesterase (CE) activities were analysed in four predatory tuna species of commercial interest along the western Mediterranean Sea: little tunny (Euthynnus alletteratus), Atlantic bonito (Sarda sarda), bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) and albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga). CEs are potential biomarkers of chemical exposure, as they are an important family of enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds. CE measures were taken from the liver of these tuna species using five commercial substrates: 4-nitrophenyl acetate (4NPA), 4-nitrophenyl butyrate (4NPB), 1-naphthyl acetate (1NA), 1-naphthyl butyrate (1NB), and 2-naphthyl acetate (2NA). Butyrate substrates (1NB and 4NPB) yielded the highest hydrolysis rates, and were thus the best substrates for these measures. CE activities differed between species. The larger differences were attained with 1NB-CE, with higher activities seen in bullet tuna, followed by little tunny, Atlantic bonito and albacore tuna. Individual size was identified as one of the main factors modulating CE activities, while there was no evidence for a role for trophic level (measured as δ15N). Using little tunny as sentinel, no geographical differences but inter-annual variation in CE activity was observed. The kinetic parameters and in vitro exposure to the pesticide dichlorvos provided complementary information on the sensitivity of tuna CEs to this model pesticide. Our results propose that the little tunny could be considered a potential bioindicator species in the pelagic realm.
The usual suspects? Distribution of collaboration capital in marine biodiversity research
Tolochko P, Vadrot ABM. The usual suspects? Distribution of collaboration capital in marine biodiversity research. Marine Policy [Internet]. 2021 ;124:104318. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X20309659?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
International scientific collaboration is vital for supporting global and regional measures to protect marine biodiversity in and beyond national jurisdiction. While scientists and governments seem to agree that scientific cooperation is also needed to reduce global imbalances to explore and exploit marine biodiversity, progress in defining and assessing developing countries' needs has been slow. This paper aims to identify some of those needs by mapping the global distribution of scientific publications from the marine biodiversity field from 1990 until 2018. We present bibliographic data gathered from the Web of Science Core Collection using network analysis and article meta-data to examine international cooperation patterns both within and across regions. We introduce a novel measure, 'collaboration capital', which, based on metrics derived from a co-authorship network, attempts to gauge how valuable other actors in the network perceive the collaboration with an actor. Our data reveal that the US and Europe's usual suspects allocate a significant proportion of collaboration capital from all regions. In turn, regional research networks in Asia, South America, and Africa are severely underdeveloped. These results suggest that measures to strengthen scientific collaboration within regions and between neighboring countries may contribute to strengthening regional research networks, for instance, by encouraging large emerging economies such as Brazil and China to become leaders in their regions in this respect. We conclude that capacity-building measures, such as discussed in current marine biodiversity negotiations, should foster regional scale cooperation efforts.
Commitments to sustainable fisheries: Empty words or reality?
Huse G, Bjordal Å, Loeng H, Toft KØstervold, Toresen R. Commitments to sustainable fisheries: Empty words or reality?. Marine Policy [Internet]. 2021 ;124:104360. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X20310113?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
The Our Ocean conferences focus on voluntary commitments by different pledgers in support of actions towards a clean, healthy and productive ocean. We analysed the content and summarised the progress of implementation of the commitments related to sustainable fisheries at the Our Ocean conferences during 2014–2018. A total of 77 different entities provided commitments. Governments was the largest group (34) followed by NGOs (23). The majority (58%) of commitments were related to enforcement, transparency and cooperation. In particular, combating illegal, unreported and unregulated fisheries and support for the port state measures process were the focus of many of the commitments. To increase transparency and effectiveness of commitments, we suggest that more emphasis should be put on documenting and evaluating the impact of commitments. There is good progress in the implementation, and the commitments are largely reality and not empty words. We consider that the commitments have been successful in terms of generating attention and providing funding of projects that are supportive of sustainable fisheries. The diversity of pledgers is large, and an objective gap analysis on requirements for achieving sustainable fisheries regionally could provide pledgers with common ground and further increase the impact of the Our Ocean conferences.
Public perceptions of ocean health and marine protection: Drivers of support for Oregon's marine reserves
Manson P, Nielsen-Pincus M, Granek EF, Swearingen TC. Public perceptions of ocean health and marine protection: Drivers of support for Oregon's marine reserves. Ocean & Coastal Management [Internet]. 2021 ;201:105480. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569120303872?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
Over the past several decades marine conservation policy has supported the implementation of protected areas in ocean and coastal environments to restrict some elements of human use for ecological benefits. The appropriate extent of protection and the allowable uses are often the subject of public debate about marine protected area policy. Local community dynamics around marine protected area designation and management have been the subject of much ocean and coastal management social science research. However, broader public opinions and attitudes about marine protected areas are not well understood and are critical for managers seeking to maintain their public trust obligations in environmental management. This paper provides a model for understanding the attitudes and beliefs that foster public support for or opposition to marine protections. We explored the relationships between awareness, attitudes and beliefs towards coastal and marine resource issues and uses, and demographics among a sample of Oregon, USA residents (n = 459), and tested their influence on support for expanding Oregon's recently established marine reserves. We found that Oregonians have relatively low familiarity with Oregon's marine reserve system, but that familiarity did not influence public support for Oregon's marine reserves. Instead public support was lower among coastal residents and those with positive attitudes towards commercial fisheries, and higher for those concerned with the ecological integrity of Oregon's ocean and supportive of some limits to human uses of the ocean. Our findings highlight the need for managers to engage both coastal communities and the general public to make a case for the value of marine protected areas in safeguarding the public trust.
The impact of sea-level rise and basin area reduction on the cyclic behavior of tidal inlet systems
Lenstra KJH, van der Vegt M. The impact of sea-level rise and basin area reduction on the cyclic behavior of tidal inlet systems. Continental Shelf Research [Internet]. 2021 ;214:104323. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278434320302764?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
Ebb-tidal deltas filter incoming wave energy and mitigate erosion of basins and coasts by temporarily providing sediment. In many systems, these coastal safety functions are under threat from human activities. Here we use Delft3D/SWAN to assess the effects of relative sea-level rise and changes in basin area on the long-term dynamics of ebb-tidal deltas. The results show that the time scales of the cyclic channel-shoal dynamics of ebb-tidal deltas are affected. An instantaneous decrease in basin area slows down the cyclic behavior during the initial adjustment period. The duration of the adjustment period increases with larger basin area reduction. After the adjustment, smaller basins have shorter time scales of cyclic channel-shoal dynamics. This is linked to a decrease in tidal prism and ebb-tidal delta volume. Moreover, we find that the effects of relative sea-level rise depend on the rate of rising water levels. For relatively low rates, the period of the cycles eventually shortens, whereas higher rates can cause longer periods. The volume of ebb-tidal deltas appears to be unaffected by relative sea-level rise; but because the average water depth increases, more energetic waves reach the basin. By showing how ebb-tidal deltas adjust to relative sea-level rise and basin area reduction and by unraveling the underlying mechanisms, this study contributes to our understanding of the long-term evolution of tidal inlets.
The effects of water injection dredging on low-salinity estuarine ecosystems: Implications for fish and macroinvertebrate communities
Pledger AG, Brewin P, Mathers KL, Phillips J, Wood PJ, Yu D. The effects of water injection dredging on low-salinity estuarine ecosystems: Implications for fish and macroinvertebrate communities. Ecological Indicators [Internet]. 2021 ;122:107244. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X20311833?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
Subaqueous dredging is a management activity undertaken globally to improve navigation, remove contaminants, mitigate flood risk and/or generate aggregate. Water Injection Dredging (WID) is a hydrodynamic technique involving the turbation and downstream displacement of fine sediments using vessel-mounted water jets. Despite the technique being widely applied internationally, the environmental and ecological effects of WID are poorly understood. For the first time, this study used a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) experimental design to assess the effects of WID on water physicochemistry, and macroinvertebrate and fish communities within a 5.7 km-long reach of tidal river. WID targeted the central channel (thalweg) to avoid disturbance of the channel margins and banks. Mean but not peak turbidity levels were substantially elevated, and dissolved oxygen levels were reduced during periods of WID, although effects were relatively short-lived (≈3 h on average). Dredging resulted in significant reductions in benthic macroinvertebrate community abundance (particularly taxa that burrow into fine sediments), taxonomic richness and diversity. In contrast, minor changes were detected in marginal macroinvertebrate communities within and downstream of the dredged reach following WID. Reductions in fish taxonomic richness and diversity were recorded downstream of the dredged reach most likely due to behavioural avoidance of the sediment plume. No visibly stressed or dead fish were sampled during dredging. Results suggest that mobile organisms and marginal communities were largely unaffected by thalweg WID and that the technique represents a more ecologically sensitive alternative to traditional channel margin mechanical dredging techniques.
Assessment of microplastic pollution in the aquatic ecosystems – An indian perspective
Vanapalli KRaja, Dubey BK, Sarmah AK, Bhattacharya J. Assessment of microplastic pollution in the aquatic ecosystems – An indian perspective. Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering [Internet]. 2021 ;3:100071. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016420300694?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment due to plastic waste proliferation in diverse sectors. The recent years have witnessed exponential growth in the number of studies focusing on their occurrence, distribution and toxicity in several parts of India. The overarching aim of this article is to evaluate the sources, abundance, and characteristics of MPs reported in the sediments, water, and biota of the aquatic ecosystems in India. The review revealed that while the MPs from land-based sources such as littering, domestic sewage, and industrial runoff were carried by rivers and streams, MPs from other sources including marine litter and accidental spillages during shipping directly enter the aquatic environment. The unique hydrodynamic conditions during the southwest and northeast monsoons were found to influence the abundance and distribution of MPs in the Indian aquatic ecosystems. Although the seaward flushing and monsoonal flux were reported to increase the abundance of MPs, the reversal of the winds and currents during the NE monsoon was observed to oppose the drift of MPs towards the Goa coast. The reported higher concentrations of MPs in the beach sediments collected from the high tide line (1323 ± 1228 mg/m2) as compared to that of low tide line (178 ± 261 mg/m2) along the southeast coast of India also emphasize the tidal influence. While the shape and type of MPs can help in determining their sources, their size and colour might influence their ingestion in aquatic biota and also indicate the amount of degradation. The variability in the characteristics of MPs observed between different studies could also be a factor of difference in the sampling and analysis techniques adopted. Although the general practice of degutting before consumption could lower the risk of MPs transfer from fish, popular delicacies of dried fish and shrimps could be potential sources of human ingestion. Since the research was mostly confined to the southern coasts of India and some urban recreational beaches, the MP pollution on other coastal regions of India remains largely unexplored. Moreover, with very few studies reporting on the MP pollution in the freshwater ecosystems, the wide network of rivers and enclosed water bodies could also be the major focus of future research.
Environmental justice in coastal systems: Perspectives from communities confronting change
Lau JD, Gurney GG, Cinner J. Environmental justice in coastal systems: Perspectives from communities confronting change. Global Environmental Change [Internet]. 2021 ;66:102208. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378020307913?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
Life in the Pacific is characterised by interconnected, fast and slow socio-ecological change. These changes inevitably involve navigating questions of justice, as they shift who benefits from, owns, and governs resources, and whose claims and rights are recognized. Thus, greater understanding of perceptions of environmental justice within communities will be crucial to support fair adaptation. We contend that an environmental justice approach offers a theoretical foundation to help illuminate key concerns and trade-offs as communities navigate global change. Here, we apply an empirical environmental justice lens to the use and customary management of coastal resources in Papua New Guinea. Through two case studies, we examine perceptions of distributional, procedural and recognitional justice. We find similarities and differences. There were common concerns about the injustice of unequal fishing pressure and destructive methods, but in one case, concerns about people's material needs overrode concerns about non-compliance and unequal costs. In the other case, deliberative decision-making served as a platform for not only negotiating and re-defining the distribution of costs and benefits, but also airing grievances, thereby strengthening recognition of different people's values and concerns. In addition, we find that recognitional aspects of justice, such as respect, can confer or undermine the legitimacy of procedures for governing resources and thus making fair decisions about distribution. The heterogeneity of justice criteria in our cases emphasizes the need to elicit and understand plural justice perceptions in different contexts.
Beyond the boundaries: How regulation-centered marine protected area information improves ocean protection assessments
Sletten J, D'Iorio M, Gleason MG, Driedger A, Vincent T, Colegrove C, Wright D, Zetterlind V. Beyond the boundaries: How regulation-centered marine protected area information improves ocean protection assessments. Marine Policy [Internet]. 2021 ;124:104340. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X20309908?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
Comprehensive, spatially explicit data that include regulatory information are essential for evaluating the level of protection that marine protected areas (MPAs) and other marine managed areas (MMAs) provide to marine life, and to inform progress towards ocean protection targets. An analysis based on the ProtectedSeas database, which includes information on regulated activities, found that 85% of U.S. waters are in managed areas that restrict living resource extraction at some level above generally applicable regulations, with 52% managed at a low level of protection and 3% managed as highly protected no-take areas. States with the most state waters area in no-take MPAs are Hawaii (~25%), California (~9%), and Oregon (~3%). The majority of highly protected areas in U.S. waters exist in low-populated areas of the Pacific, such as the Papahānaumokuākea and Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monuments. Under a quarter of U.S. waters are closed to bottom trawling, with the West Coast and Alaska each contributing one-third of trawl closures by area. Bottom trawling is prohibited in nearly 90% of West Coast waters. Focusing on waters off California showed that overlapping management and fishing gear restrictions can increase overall protection. In state waters, no-take MPAs account for roughly 9% of the area, while restricted take MPAs of different types cover 27% of the area. About 40% of California state waters are in some kind of MPA, while 13.4% of state waters have a high level of protection from fishing impacts. In federal waters off California, under one percent are in no-take areas while nearly all waters are subject to some kind of fishery restriction. Capturing regulatory information at the individual MPA and MMA level will improve assessments of current protection, inform planning of new protections, and provide ocean users a more accessible way to increase compliance through awareness.
Bottom trawling noise: Are fishing vessels polluting to deeper acoustic habitats?
Daly E, White M. Bottom trawling noise: Are fishing vessels polluting to deeper acoustic habitats?. Marine Pollution Bulletin [Internet]. 2021 ;162:111877. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X20309954?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
The impact of bottom trawling noise was quantified on two surrounding marine acoustic habitats using fixed mooring acoustic recorders. Noise during trawling activity is shown to be considerably louder than ambient noise and a nearby underway research vessel. Estimated source levels were above cetacean damage thresholds. Measurements at a submarine canyon indicated potential noise focussing, inferring a role for such features to enhance down slope noise propagation at continental margin sites. Modelled sound propagates more efficiently when sourced from trawling gear dragging along the seabed relative to the vessel as a surface source. Results are contextualised with respect to marine mammal harm, to other anthropogenic ocean noise sources, topography and seasons. Noise energy emitted by bottom trawling activity is a source of pollution that requires further consideration, in line with other pervasive trawling pressures on marine species and seabed habitats, especially in areas of heightened ecological susceptibility.
Re-framing salmon aquaculture in the aftermath of the ISAV crisis in Chile
Bachmann-Vargas P, van Koppen CSA(Kris), Lamers M. Re-framing salmon aquaculture in the aftermath of the ISAV crisis in Chile. Marine Policy [Internet]. 2021 ;124:104358. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X20310095?dgcid=raven_sd_search_email
Globally, aquaculture is expanding rapidly, with salmon becoming one of the most dynamic and fast-growing production systems in the world. Despite its commercial success, Chilean salmon production has navigated through severe economic and sanitary crises; followed by consecutive policy changes. Between 2007 and 2009, the rapid spread and the multiple effects of the Infectious Salmon Anemia virus (ISAV) marked a tipping point in the trajectory of the salmon aquaculture in southern Chile. This paper examines the discursive mechanisms through which the Chilean salmon aquaculture industry is currently being re-framed in the aftermath of the ISAV crisis, with a focus on searching for the emergence of ecosystem-related elements post crisis. The analysis shows that Chilean salmon aquaculture is being re-framed by the reproduction of three main discourses: biosecurity, sustainable protein and The Promise of Patagonia. The paper concludes that despite the staggering effects of the ISAV crisis on the national salmon production and on coastal communities more than a decade ago, new discourses are focused on the legitimization to growth, in the absence of integrated marine ecosystem-related elements, indicating a crucial gap toward environmental sustainability in salmon aquaculture.
Ocean Acidification Induces Subtle Shifts in Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Mantle Tissue of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica)
Downey-Wall AM, Cameron LP, Ford BM, McNally EM, Venkataraman YR, Roberts SB, Ries JB, Lotterhos KE. Ocean Acidification Induces Subtle Shifts in Gene Expression and DNA Methylation in Mantle Tissue of the Eastern Oyster (Crassostrea virginica). Frontiers in Marine Science [Internet]. 2020 ;7. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.566419/full?utm_source=F-AAE&utm_medium=EMLF&utm_campaign=MRK_1495887_45_Marine_20201201_arts_A
Early evidence suggests that DNA methylation can mediate phenotypic responses of marine calcifying species to ocean acidification (OA). Few studies, however, have explicitly studied DNA methylation in calcifying tissues through time. Here, we examined the phenotypic and molecular responses in the extrapallial fluid and mantle (fluid and tissue at the calcification site) in adult eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) exposed to experimental OA over 80 days. Oysters were reared under three experimental pCO2 treatments ("control," 580 μatm; "moderate OA," 1,000 μatm; "high OA," 2,800 μatm) and sampled at 6 time points (24 h−80 days). We found that high OA initially induced an increase in the pH of the extrapallial fluid (pHEPF) relative to the external seawater that peaked at day 9, but then diminished over time. Calcification rates were significantly lower in the high OA treatment compared to the other treatments. To explore how oysters regulate their extrapallial fluid, gene expression and DNA methylation were examined in the mantle-edge tissue of oysters from days 9 and 80 in the control and high OA treatments. Mantle tissue mounted a significant global molecular response (both in the transcriptome and methylome) to OA that shifted through time. Although we did not find individual genes that were significantly differentially expressed under OA, the pHEPF was significantly correlated with the eigengene expression of several co-expressed gene clusters. A small number of OA-induced differentially methylated loci were discovered, which corresponded with a weak association between OA-induced changes in genome-wide gene body DNA methylation and gene expression. Gene body methylation, however, was not significantly correlated with the eigengene expression of pHEPF-correlated gene clusters. These results suggest that OA induces a subtle response in a large number of genes in C. virginica, but also indicate that plasticity at the molecular level may be limited. Our study highlights the need to reassess our understanding of tissue-specific molecular responses in marine calcifiers, as well as the role of DNA methylation and gene expression in mediating physiological and biomineralization responses to OA.
3D Ensemble Simulation of Seawater Temperature – An Application for Aquaculture Operations
Shettigar NAchutha, Bhattacharya B, Mészáros L, Spinosa A, Serafy GEl. 3D Ensemble Simulation of Seawater Temperature – An Application for Aquaculture Operations. Frontiers in Marine Science [Internet]. 2020 ;7. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.592147/full?utm_source=F-AAE&utm_medium=EMLF&utm_campaign=MRK_1495887_45_Marine_20201201_arts_A
During the past decades, the aquaculture industry has developed rapidly, due to drop in wild fish catch. Water quality variables play major role in aquaculture operations, specifically seawater temperature has major impact on the metabolism of the fish species and therefore on the growth rate too. Since the fish farming business relies on the growth rate of the species to plan and operate the farm, seawater temperature becomes crucial information. With the availability of hydrodynamic modeling tools and global ocean information source such as Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS), seawater temperature can be simulated for practically any coast with dynamic downscaling approach. However, the simulated data needs to be assessed for uncertainties for enabling informed decision making using such model predictions. In this paper, a coastal 3D hydrodynamic model aiming at simulating seawater temperature is developed for the southern Aegean Sea, Greece using the Delft3D Flexible Mesh modeling tool. Seawater temperature is impacted by atmospheric forces; therefore, uncertainties are assessed for seawater temperature using ensemble atmospheric forcing functions of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA5. Spatial analysis of the uncertainty indicates regions of different seawater temperature behavior within the model domain. Seasonal behavior of the vertical temperature gradient suggests that farms need to adapt different operational strategies in different seasons to make best use of the seawater temperature. The application of CMEMS data along with ECMWF ERA5 ensemble atmospheric forcing members proves to be beneficial in analyzing the uncertainties both in spatial and vertical gradient of seawater temperature.


WOWS12 is a one-day symposium for health professionals examining substance use and society.
Ivan Frkovic, Queensland Mental Health Commissioner.
While in the mental health sector, Ivan has focused on realising the benefits of strengthening partnerships and collaboration into fully integrated relationships.
Formerly Deputy CEO, National Operations for Aftercare, he has held senior government positions including Director, Mental Health Programs and Reforms, where he was responsible for policy development, funding and reform of the non-government mental health sector in Queensland.
Ivan also led the Queensland Mental Health Commission Transition Team, which supported the establishment of the Commission.
Brian Draper is an old age psychiatrist and Conjoint Professor, School of Psychiatry, University of NSW, Sydney, Australia. He is Clinical Lead, Older Persons' Mental Health Service, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick. He is past Board Member of the International Psychogeriatric Association; past Chair of the Faculty of Psychiatry of Old Age, RANZCP and was foundation Chair of its Advanced Training Committee. He is Associate Editor of the journal 'Suicide and Life-Threatening Behaviour'; Scientific Advisor, American Foundation for Suicide Prevention; and a member of LifeSpan Research and Advisory Committee. He has published over 400 scientific articles on clinical aspects of dementia and cognitive disorders in various settings as well as suicidal behaviour, alcohol and substance use, depression and carer stress in older people.
Abstracts will be oral presentations, designed to be short and snappy and strictly no longer than five minutes each. The winning presentation will receive an espresso coffee machine for their workplace.
There is a range of parking and transport options at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital. The Education Centre is located just off Bowen Bridge Rd.


The Islamic extremists who last month killed one of their hostages, has extended the deadline to pay ransom for the two hostages Kjartan Sekkingstad and Robert Hall.
In a video sent out by the group, the two hostages say that the kidnappers are threatening to kill at least one of them, if the ransom demanded by the kidnappers, is not paid by 13 June.
Abu Sayyaf guerrillas demands 600 million Philippine pesos (over 100 million Norwegian kroner) in ransom money to release the two hostages.
In April the group killed the Canadian hostage John Ridsdel after an earlier deadline had passed.
The Norwegian Sekkingstad, Canadian Hall, Ridsdel and Halls Filipino girlfriend were abducted last year from a resort hotel on the island of Samal, hundreds of kilometers from the core areas of Abu Sayyaf .
On Monday the newly elected president of the Philippines, Rodrigo Duterte, urged the group to set free the hostages or face the consequences.
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text:
Q: R Programming - Error in sys.call(sys.parent()) : node stack overflow pollutantmean <- function(directory, pollutant, id = 1:332) {
  for(i in id) {

    filenames <- list.files(path = directory, pattern = ".csv", full.names = TRUE);

    pollutant_data <- NULL;

    for (f in filenames){
      fdata <- read.csv(f, header=TRUE);
      pollutant_data <- c(pollutant_data,fdata$pollutant);
    }

    poll_mean <- mean(pollutant_data, na.rm=TRUE);

    return(poll_mean);
  }

}

source("pollutantmean.R");

When I ran the code shown above, I got the following error message ....
Error in sys.call(sys.parent()) : node stack overflow
Error during wrapup: node stack overflow
Why am I seeing this error and how do I avoid it?
Thank You!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Dynamic memory allocation of array in C & C++ Look at the user input in C and C++ code (inside for loop).We use *(p+i) in user input in C++ and (p+i) in C. Whats the reason for missing * in C?
Plz explain! Take a look at the COMMENT line... inside for loop
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
  int n,i;
  cout << "Ent size" << endl;
  cin>>n;
  int *p = new int [n];
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    cin>>*(p+i);//LOOK AT THIS LINE
  cout<<"------------\n\n";
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    cout<<*(p+i)<<endl;
  return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int main()
{
  int n;
  printf("Ent size!\n");
  scanf("%d",&n);
  int *p=(int *)malloc(n*sizeof(int));
  int i;
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    scanf("%d",(p+i));//LOOK AT THIS LINE

  printf("-------\n\n");
  for(i=0;i<n;i++)
    printf("%d\n",(p+i));
  return 0;
}

A: The difference exists due to the existence of references in C++.
 In C++ operator >> for objects of type int is declared the following way
basic_istream<charT,traits>& operator>>(int& n);

As you see the parameter of the operator has type int &. It means that the argument is passed to the function by reference that is the function deals directly with the argument not with its copy.
So this statement
cin>>*(p+i);

is equivalent to
cin.operator( *( p + i ) );

and the compiler does not creates a copy of the object specified by the expression *( p + i ). It uses the object itself because the object is passed by reference.
In C in fact there is also used a reference to the argument but it is specified as a pointer because the notion of references is not defined in C.
When somebody says that an object is passed by reference to a function in C it means that the object is passed indirectly using a pointer to the object.
In C++ it means that there is used the notion of the reference.
So if you want that function scanf would store the input data in the object itself you have to pass it indirectly to the function by using a pointer to the object.
scanf("%d",(p+i));

Here p + i is a pointer to object *( p + i ).
Consider these two simple programs
C++
#include <iostream>

int main()
{
    int x = 10;
    int &rx = x;

    std::cout << "x = " << std::endl;

    rx = 20;

    std::cout << "x = " << std::endl;
}

The same in C can be written the following way using a pointer because C does not have the notion of references
C
#include <stdio.h>

int main( void )
{
    int x = 10;
    int *rx = &x;

    printf( "x = %d\n", x );

    *rx = 20;

    printf( "x = %d\n", x );
}