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El Libro de Jeremías ( (sefer yermiyahu), abreviado Jer. o Jerem. en citas) es el segundo de los Últimos Profetas en la Biblia hebrea, y el segundo de los profetas en el Antiguo Testamento cristiano. El sobrescrito en el capítulo 1,1-3 lo identifica como «las palabras de Jeremías hijo de Hilcías», y coloca el profeta históricamente de las reformas del rey Josías en 627 a. C. hasta el asesinato del gobernador de Judá designado por Babilonia en 582 a. C. De todos los profetas, Jeremías se muestra más claramente como una persona, reflexionando con su escriba Baruc sobre su papel como un siervo de Dios con pocas buenas noticias para su audiencia.

Jeremías está escrito en un hebreo muy complejo y poético (aparte del versículo 10,11, curiosamente escrito en arameo bíblico). Ha llegado en dos versiones distintas, aunque relacionadas: una en hebreo, la otra conocida desde una traducción griega. Los estudiosos han tenido diferentes opiniones en cuanto a cómo reconstruir los aspectos históricos del Libro de Jeremías, debido a las diferencias que cada versión contiene en comparación con la otra. El libro es una representación del mensaje y el significado del profeta destinado sustancialmente a los judíos en el exilio en Babilonia: su propósito es explicar el desastre como la respuesta de Dios a la adoración pagana de Israel: el pueblo, afirma Jeremías, es como una esposa infiel e hijos rebeldes: su infidelidad y rebeldía hacen al juicio inevitable, si bien se anuncia la restauración y un nuevo pacto.

Estructura
(Tomado de A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament, de Michael D. Coogan; otras fuentes dan divisiones ligeramente diferentes)
Es difícil discernir cualquier estructura en Jeremías, probablemente debido a que el libro tuvo composición histórica muy larga y compleja. Se puede dividir en aproximadamente 6 secciones:

 Capítulos 1–25 (El núcleo más antiguo y principal del mensaje de Jeremías).
 Capítulos 26–29 (Materiales biográficos e interacción con otros profetas).
 Capítulos 30–33 (La promesa de Dios de la restauración incluyendo un «nuevo pacto» en Jeremías, interpretado de manera diferente en el judaísmo y en el cristianismo).
 Capítulos 34–45 (Sobre todo la interacción con Sedequías y la caída de Jerusalén).
 Capítulos 46–51 (El castigo divino a las naciones que rodean a Israel).
 Capítulo 52 (Apéndice que relata nuevamente ).

Sumario

Contexto histórico
El contexto de Jeremías se describe brevemente en el sobrescrito en el libro: Jeremías comenzó su misión profética en el decimotercer año del rey Josías (alrededor de 627 a. C.) y terminó en el undécimo año del rey Sedequías (586 a. C.), con «la cautividad de Jerusalén en el mes quinto». Durante este período, Josías reformó la religión judaíta, Babilonia destruyó Asiria, Egipto impuso brevemente el estatus de vasallo a Judá, Babilonia derrotó a Egipto e hizo a Judá un vasallo de Babilonia (605 a. C.), Judá se rebeló, pero fue subyugado nuevamente por Babilonia (597 a. C.), y Judá se rebeló una vez más. Esta revuelta fue la final: Babilonia destruyó Jerusalén y su Templo y exilió a su rey y muchos de los principales ciudadanos en 586 a. C., poniendo fin a la existencia de Judá como un reino independiente o casi independiente e instaurando el exilio en Babilonia.

Información general
El libro puede ser convenientemente dividido en partes biográfica, prosa y cadenas poéticas, cada una de los cuales se puede resumir por separado. El material biográfico se encuentra en los capítulos 26–29, 32 y 34–44, y se centra en los acontecimientos que condujeron al sitio y la caída de Jerusalén ante los babilonios en 587 a. C.; proporciona fechas precisas para las actividades del profeta comenzando en 609 a. C. Los pasajes en prosa no biográficos, como el sermón del templo en el capítulo 7 y el pasaje del Pacto en 11:1–17, se encuentran dispersos en todo el libro; muestran claras afinidades con los deuteronomistas, la escuela de escritores y editores que dieron forma a la serie de libros de historia de Jueces a Reyes, y si bien es poco probable que vinieran directamente de Jeremías, es muy posible que tengan sus raíces en las tradiciones acerca de lo que dijo e hizo. El material poético encontrado se encuentra en gran medida en los capítulos 1–25 y consta de oráculos en el que el profeta habla como mensajero de Dios. Estos pasajes, que tratan de la infidelidad de Israel a Dios, el llamado al arrepentimiento, y los ataques contra el sistema religioso y político, son en su mayoría sin fecha, y no tienen ningún contexto claro, pero es ampliamente aceptado que representan las enseñanzas de Jeremías, y que son la etapa más temprana del libro. Junto con ellos, y también, probablemente, un reflejo del auténtico Jeremías, son pasajes más poéticos de carácter más personal, que han sido denominados confesiones de Jeremías o diario espiritual. En estos poemas el profeta sufre por el aparente fracaso de su misión, es consumido por la amargura a los que se le oponen o lo ignoran.

Composición

Visión general
Jeremías existe en dos versiones, la griega (es decir, una traducción griega de un texto escrito originalmente en hebreo) y la hebrea, representando la traducción griega a la versión anterior. El texto más largo aparentemente fue desarrollado para reemplazar al más corto; la versión más corta en última instancia se convirtió en canónica en las iglesias ortodoxas griegas, mientras que la más larga fue adoptada en el judaísmo y en las iglesias cristianas occidentales.

Está generalmente acordado que los tres tipos de materiales intercalados en todo el libro (poético, narrativo y biográfico) provienen de diferentes fuentes o círculos. Los oráculos auténticos de Jeremías probablemente se encuentran en las secciones poéticas de los capítulos 1–25, pero el libro en su conjunto ha sido fuertemente editado y aumentado por los seguidores (incluyendo quizás al compañero del profeta, el escriba Baruc) y las generaciones posteriores de deuteronomistas. La fecha de las versiones finales del libro (en griego y en hebreo) puede ser sugerida por el hecho de que el griego muestra preocupaciones típicas del período persa temprano, mientras que el masorético (es decir, el hebreo) muestra perspectivas que, aunque conocidas en el período persa, no alcanzaron su realización hasta el segundo II a. C.

Textos y manuscritos
Jeremías existe en dos versiones, una traducción griega, llamada la Septuaginta, que data de los últimos siglos antes de Cristo y se encuentra en los manuscritos cristianos más antiguos, y el texto masorético hebreo de las biblias judías tradicionales; la versión griega es aproximadamente un octavo más corta que la hebrea, y organiza el material de manera diferente. No se encontraron equivalentes de ambas versiones entre los Rollos del Mar Muerto, por lo que es claro que las diferencias marcan etapas importantes en la transmisión del texto. La mayoría de los estudiosos sostienen que el texto hebreo en que se basa la versión de los Setenta es más antigua que el texto masorético, y que el masorético evolucionó bien de esta o de una versión estrechamente relacionada.

Desarrollo literario
El Libro de Jeremías aumentó durante un largo período de tiempo. La etapa griega, esperando la caída de Babilonia y alineándose en lugares con el Segundo Isaías, ya había visto gran redacción (edición), en términos de estructura general; los sobrescritos (frases identificando los pasajes siguientes como las palabras de Dios o de Jeremías); la asignación de los escenarios históricos; y la disposición de material; y pueden haber sido completado por el período tardío del exilio (última mitad del siglo VI a. C.); las etapas iniciales de la versión hebrea masorética pueden haber sido escritas no mucho tiempo después, aunque el capítulo 33:14–26 apunta a un ajuste de tiempos post-exilio.

Jeremías y Baruc
De acuerdo con su apertura versos del libro registra las declaraciones proféticas del sacerdote Jeremías hijo de Hilcías, «a quien vino la palabra de YHWH en los días del rey Josías» y después. Jeremías vivió durante un período turbulento, los últimos años del reino de Judá, desde la muerte del rey Josías (609 a. C.) y la subsiguiente pérdida de la independencia, a través de la destrucción de Jerusalén por los babilonios y el exilio de gran parte de su población (587/586 a. C.). El libro representa un profeta muy introspectivo, impetuoso y con frecuencia enojado por el papel en el que ha sido empujado, alternando sus esfuerzos para advertir a las personas con súplicas a Dios por misericordia, hasta que recibe la orden de «orar más por este pueblo». Él se dedica al amplio arte de acción, caminando por las calles con un yugo sobre el cuello y participando en otros esfuerzos para atraer la atención. Él es burlado y toma represalias, es lanzado en la cárcel como resultado, y en cierta ocasión es arrojado a un pozo para morir.

Jeremías y los deuteronomistas
Los deuteronomistas fueron una escuela o movimiento que editó los libros de Josué, Jueces, Samuel y Reyes en una historia más o menos unificada de Israel (la denominada Historia Deuteronomista) durante el exilio judío en Babilonia (siglo VI a. C.). Se argumenta que los deuteronomistas jugaron un papel importante en la producción del libro de Jeremías; por ejemplo, hay un lenguaje claramente deuteronomista en el capítulo 25, en el que el profeta mira en retrospectiva, a más de veintitrés años de la profecía desatendida. Desde la perspectiva deuteronomista el papel profético implicaba, más que nada, la preocupación con la ley y el pacto a la costumbre de Moisés. En esta lectura, Jeremías fue el último de una larga línea de profetas enviados a advertir a Israel de las consecuencias de la infidelidad a Dios; a diferencia de los deuteronomistas, para quienes el llamado al arrepentimiento fue siempre central, Jeremías parece en algún momento de su carrera haber decidido que más intercesión era inútil, y que el destino de Israel estaba sellado.

Jeremías como un nuevo Moisés
El sobrescrito del libro afirma que Jeremías estuvo activo durante cuarenta años, desde el año trece de Josías (627 a. C.) hasta la caída de Jerusalén en el año 587 a. C. Se desprende de los últimos capítulos del libro, sin embargo, que él continuó hablando en Egipto después del asesinato de Gedalías, gobernador de Judá designado por Babilonia, en 582 a. C. Esto sugiere que el sobrescrito está tratando de hacer un punto teológico sobre Jeremías al compararlo a Moisés: Moisés pasó cuarenta años guiando a Israel de la esclavitud en Egipto a la Tierra Prometida, y los cuarenta años de Jeremías viendo a Israel exiliado de la tierra y, en última instancia, el propio Jeremías exiliado en Egipto.

Temas

Pacto

La mayor parte de la predicación profética de Jeremías se basa en el tema de la alianza entre Dios e Israel (Dios protegería a la gente a cambio de su adoración exclusiva a él): Jeremías insiste en que el pacto es condicional, y puede ser roto por la apostasía de Israel (adoración de dioses distintos de Yahweh, Dios de Israel). El pueblo, dice Jeremías, es como una esposa infiel e hijos rebeldes: su infidelidad y rebeldía hace al juicio inevitable. Intercalados con esto están las referencias al arrepentimiento y la renovación, aunque no está claro si Jeremías pensó que el arrepentimiento podría evitar el juicio o si de todas maneras Israel sería juzgado. El tema de la restauración es más fuerte en el capítulo 31:32, que vislumbra un futuro en el que es hecho un nuevo pacto con Israel y Judá, uno que no se romperá. Este es el tema del pasaje del «nuevo pacto» en el capítulo 31:31–34, basándose en la relación en el pasado de Israel con Dios a través de la alianza en el Sinaí para prever un nuevo futuro, en el que Israel va a ser obediente a Dios.

Las «Confesiones» de Jeremías
Los estudiosos han identificado varios pasajes de Jeremías que se pueden entender como «confesiones»; se producen en la primera sección del libro (capítulos 1–25) y son 11:18–12:6, 15:10–21, 17:14–18, 18:18–23 y 20:7–18. En estos pasajes, Jeremías expresa su descontento con el mensaje que él debe entregar, pero también su firme compromiso con el llamado divino a pesar de que él no lo había solicitado. Además, en varias de estas «confesiones», Jeremías ora para que el Señor se vengue de sus perseguidores (por ejemplo, Jeremías 12:3).

Las «confesiones» de Jeremías son un tipo de lamento individual. Estos lamentos se encuentran en otros lugares en los Salmos y el Libro de Job. Como Job, Jeremías maldice el día de su nacimiento (Jeremías 20:14–18 y Job 3:3–10). Del mismo modo, la exclamación de Jeremías «Porque oí la murmuración de muchos, temor de todas partes» (Jeremías 20:10) coincide con Salmos 31:13 exactamente. Sin embargo, los lamentos de Jeremías son únicos por su insistencia en que él ha sido llamado por Yahweh para entregar sus mensajes. Estos lamentos «ofrecen una mirada única a la lucha interna del profeta con la fe, la persecución y el sufrimiento humano».

Gestos proféticos
Los gestos proféticos, también conocidos como actos inscritos o acciones simbólicas, eran una forma de comunicación en la que un mensaje fue entregado mediante la realización de acciones simbólicas. No es exclusivo del libro de Jeremías, estos eran con frecuencia extraños y violaban las normas culturales de la época (por ejemplo, Ezequiel 4:4–8). Sirvieron los efectos de tanto ilustrar a la audiencia y causar que la misma haga preguntas, dando al profeta la oportunidad de explicar el significado de la conducta. El registrador de los eventos en el texto escrito (es decir, el autor del texto) no tenía ni la misma audiencia ni, posiblemente, la misma intención que Jeremías tenía en la realización de estos gestos proféticos.

La siguiente es una lista (no exhaustiva) de acciones simbólicas destacables que se encuentran en Jeremías:

 . El uso, el entierro, y la recuperación de un cinturón de lino.
 . El rehuir de las costumbres esperadas del matrimonio, luto, y la celebración general.
 . La adquisición de una jarra de arcilla y la ruptura de dicha jarra delante de los líderes religiosos de Jerusalén.
 . El uso de un yugo de bueyes y su posterior rotura por un profeta falso, Ananías.
 . La compra de un campo en Anatot por el precio de diecisiete shekels de plata.
 . La ofrenda de vino para los recabitas, una tribu conocida por vivir en tiendas de campaña y negarse a beber vino. Esto se hizo en el Templo, lo cual es una parte importante de la ruptura de las normas sociales.

Arqueología
En el año 2012, la arqueóloga Eilat Mazar anunció que ella y su equipo habían descubierto dos bulas en sus excavaciones en la Ciudad de David, las cuales llevaban los nombres de dos personas que aparecen mencionadas en el Libro de Jeremías: una de Jucal, hijo de Selemías (cf. Jer. 37:3), y otra de Gedalías, hijo de Pasur (cf. Jer. 38:1). Otros personajes también descubiertos por la arqueología incluyen al oficial Gemarías, hijo de Safán (cf. Jer. 36:10), los oficiales de Nabucodonosor II Nebo-sarsekim y Nergal-Sharezer (cf. Jer. 39:3) e incluso otro oficial en jefe de dicho rey llamado Nabuzaradán (cf. Jer. 39:9).

También se han encontrado sellos e inscripciones que parecen referirse a Baalís, rey de los ammonitas (cf. Jer. 40:14) y a Jananías, hijo de Azzur (cf. Jer. 28:1), aunque en ambos casos existen dudas acerca de la identificación con los personajes bíblicos.

Interpretación e influencia posterior

Judaísmo
La influencia de Jeremías durante y después del exilio fue considerable en algunos círculos, y tres libros adicionales, el Libro de Baruc, Lamentaciones, y la Carta de Jeremías, le fueron atribuidos en el judaísmo del Segundo Templo (el judaísmo en el período comprendido entre el edificio de Segundo Templo en alrededor de 515 a. C. y su destrucción en el año 70); en la Septuaginta griega se encuentran entre Jeremías y el Libro de Ezequiel, pero solamente Lamentaciones está incluido en las biblias judías modernas y las protestantes (la Carta de Jeremías aparece en las biblias católicas como el sexto capítulo de Baruc). Jeremías es mencionado por su nombre en Crónicas y el Libro de Esdras, ambos fechados en el período persa posterior, y su profecía de que el exilio babilónico duraría 70 años fue retomada y reaplicada por el autor del Libro de Daniel.

Cristianismo
La comprensión de los primeros cristianos de que Jesús representaba un «nuevo pacto» ( y ) se basa en , donde se anuncia que un futuro Israel se arrepentirá y dará a Dios la obediencia que él exige. La representación de los evangelios de Jesús como un profeta perseguido debe mucho al relato de los sufrimientos de Jeremías en los capítulos 37-44, así como a las «Canciones del Siervo Sufriente» en Isaías.

Véase también
 Jeremías (profeta)
 Libro de Baruc
 Libro de Oseas
 Libro de Habacuc
 Libro de Nahum
 Antiguo Testamento
 Biblia

Referencias

Bibliografía

Enlaces externos
Texto original hebreo:
 ירמיהו Yirmiyahu – Jeremiah
Traducciones al inglés:
Traducciones judías:
Jeremiah at Mechon-Mamre (Jewish Publication Society)
 Yirmiyahu – Jeremiah (Judaica Press) Traducción [con comentario de Rashi] en Chabad.org
Traducciones cristianas:
Online Bible at GospelHall.org
 Jeremiah at The Great Books (New Revised Standard Version) (via archive.org)
Traducciones al español:
Traducciones cristianas:
Jeremías (Reina-Valera 1960)
Comentarios
Comentarios judíos
 Jeremiah (Judaica Press) [con comentario de Rashi] en Chabad.org
 Abraham Joshua Heschel, The Prophets. HarperCollins Paperback, 1975. ISBN 0-06-131421-8
 (Enciclopedia Judía) Book of Jeremiah article

Jeremías
Jeremías
Jeremías
Libros religiosos
Libros del siglo VII a. C.
Asia en el siglo VII a. C.
Septuaginta


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Posted inProfiles
Hook, line and leather: Calgary designer Aleem Arif captures the attention of Western Canada
by Sarah Comber October 31, 2014 September 4, 2020
Tenacious designer of women's line Bano eeMee crossed professions and borders in the pursuit of his dreams
Colourful tunics, created in Pakistan and carefully folded into a bag, became Aleem Arif's passport into the world of Calgary fashion.
Arif — the creative talent behind Bano eeMee — fearlessly carried his tunics onto a bus and headed to Calgary's popular shopping districts like 17th Avenue and Kensington on a mission: to sell his designs. He had just moved to Calgary, leaving his previous life working in the world of finance behind, and was determined to see his dreams come to life.
The first step in realizing his goal was to find a store that would carry his line.
"They would kick me out," says Arif with a laugh.
Until — what Arif says was around the tenth try — he walked into Kensington's Eleven Eleven Boutique, which is now closed. Then storeowner Lana Selbee saw Arif's potential and welcomed the unknown designer into Calgary's fashion community.
"I haven't seen a lot of people that are able to do anything as quickly as he has been able to do it," says Selbee. "I think it is because he has a very clear vision and he is just making it happen."
Aleem Arif, designer of Bano eeMee, a clothing line comprised of leather jackets — as seen on the model — and mixed media apparel.
Photo by Sarah ComberArif, at age 31, is far more than the creative director behind Bano eeMee — a women's line comprised of leather jackets and mixed media apparel. He is the face behind a brand that is rooted in risk and upholds a refreshing standard of ethical fashion.
Every item Arif designs something, it passes through his hands before being sold to consumers. His pieces are manufactured in Pakistan where his workers are paid fairly. No part of the lamb from where Arif sources his leather goes to waste, as the meat is a staple of the Pakistani diet.
Arif and I first met eight months ago. Since then he has shown at Western Canada Fashion Week in Edmonton this September and travelled the country to grow his brand. He also plans to showcase his work at the PARKSHOW Edmonton fashion show on Nov. 22 (http://www.ourparkonline.com) .
I sit across from Arif, I hear the murmur of conversation and clinking of cappuccino cups echoing around Marda Loop's Phil & Sebastian Coffee Roasters. My eyes trace around the chic café Arif and I share with bustling businessmen, gossiping girlfriends and cozy couples.
Arif, who's been designing his leather-focused line Bano eeMee since 2011, is wearing a tailored grey suit and exudes a quiet confidence. His kindness is captured by intelligent green eyes and an easy smile.
Arif says that his Fall/Winter 2014 line is a culmination of ideas since Bano eeMee began. His line is available at boutiques such as Something2Wear, ESPY Experience and Kismet Clothing. His jackets retail at $350-400.
"I'm going to build my company right," says Arif. "I want to sell people something above and beyond a leather garment that they are just going to wear — I want to sell them a concept."
This concept of ethically manufactured, easy to wear and tastefully stylish women's clothing was conceived by a man who hails from the world of finance.
Arif (far right) was born in Saudi Arabia. He and his siblings travelled extensively growing up because of his father's work. Arif eventually came to settle in Calgary after living in London, Boston and Islamabad.
Photo courtesy of Aleem ArifOf Pakistani descent and born in Saudi Arabia, Arif was raised between New York and Islamabad, Pakistan, where he attended high school. His father is an engineer working in oil and gas. As a result, Arif and his two siblings — a younger brother and sister — travelled extensively as they grew up. Arif's mother stayed home to raise her children while pursuing a love of painting, fashion design and interior decorating.
Although fashion was his first love, Arif originally chose — with a little convincing from his parents — to pursue a career in finance. He majored in economics and management at the London School of Economics and Political Science from 2002 to 2005, took a year off to travel, and then, at 24, completed a master's degree in international business at Boston University in 2007.
The Bank of New York hired him in 2007 where he worked in I.T. for three years. Despite the good salary and job security, Arif says that he felt like "there was something missing" and that he had a strong need to give back.
Arif chose to do something with his life. Taking nearly a year to travel, mainly in Europe and the Middle East, he fell in love with the colours and fabrics of Lahore, Pakistan and was inspired to create.
"I didn't think that I was designing per se," says Arif. "It was like, here's fabric and I am going to hire somebody to help me make some tunics."
"I didn't think that I was designing per se. It was like, here's fabric and I am going to hire somebody to help me make some tunics."
– Aleem Arif, Bano eeMee designer
After quitting his job in 2010, Arif's move to Calgary was originally intended to be brief. Always good at saving money, Arif applied his business-savvy skills to take a risk and create a fresh start in a new city.
Calgary fit the bill.
Arif adds that during the ages of 26 and 27 he began to feel an internal rebellion, which gave him the motivation to move on with his life.
"I wanted to make my own mistakes, kick the stability and start over."
And start over is exactly what he did. Little did he know that three years later he would be selling his leather jackets, blazers and mixed-media apparel to retailers in Western Canada, Quebec and Ontario.
Sandy Tam, one of Arif's managers at the Bank of New York, says she never imagined Arif would end up in fashion.
"He did a complete 180, usually we stick to our own industry," says Tam. "But opportunities do come up and I think a part of him always wanted to be an entrepreneur."
Tam adds that when the office had days when the employees were required to dress up more than the usual business-casual, Arif would be the only team member sporting a bow tie instead of a traditional Half-Windsor.
"He was kind of geek-chic, not very flashy. But he would wear the bowties and there was a side of him that was fashionable."
Today, Arif creates bow ties made out of leftover pieces of leather — he says he often gives them away as thank-you gifts.
However, for Arif, growing to his current success was no cakewalk.
When he first moved to Calgary, he applied to banking jobs similar to the type of work he had done in America — a pursuit he says his heart was not invested in.
"I was like, then why did I quit my job? I didn't want to end up doing that."
And there he spied them, tucked away in his suitcase.
Arif's mother has been an inspiration to him in his development of the line. He even named part of the line in honour of her. "Bano" is the pet name his Grandmother called his mother and "eeMee" is what Arif's mother lovingly called him.
Photo courtesy of Aleem ArifThe tunics he had made during his travels. All of which would eventually sell — except one, which to this day Arif has saved hanging in his closet. His first creation was an amalgamation of some red silk Arif found in his mother's storage and an old table lamp he had loved growing up.
"If I look at it now I think 'What was I doing?' Not that I think I have arrived — you are always growing and always improving — but I feel like I was so green at that time."
Although he faced rejection, his perseverance paid off.
Since their first encounter when Arif presented his tunics in her boutique, Selbee says that it has been really exciting for her to watch Arif grow.
This past summer, Arif re-lived a similar experience. He traveled to Toronto and Montreal with the intention of getting his line picked up by retailers out east.
Drawing upon the same determination that first got his designs into Eleven Eleven Boutique, Arif drove around each city in his rental car — scouting out shops. Spotting one, he would struggle to find parking and wheel his samples in one hand while in the other he used his smart phone to Google each boutique.
Entering the stores, all smiles and samples, Aleem successfully placed orders in three Toronto boutiques and four in Montreal.
Arif says that he has always wanted to design for women because there is more room to be creative and try new things. He adds his mother and grandmother inspire his creative style.
Additionally, working with leather is an extension of Arif's desire to be different — he chose a fabric that would be versatile and the foundation of quality, while also pushing his creative limits.
"What I didn't know would happen was how challenging it would be from one season to the next to reinvent that fabric because I can't play with patterns or print," says Arif.
Arif primarily uses lamb leather sourced in Pakistan.
"I make sure the chemicals that are used are safe and that it is treated right. I have to respect the product because it is a byproduct of our lives."
"This is what I want Bano eeMee to be," says Arif. Adding that when he started, he had no plan because the majority of his life he had never had to plan.
"What I didn't know would happen was how challenging it would be from one season to the next to reinvent that fabric because I can't play with patterns or print."
– Aleem Arif, Bano eeMee designerHowever, now he revels in living a life devoid of structure. Arif didn't even create a business plan for his company.
"Maybe my business would be better if I had a system, but I am driven by passion and energy. If I see something that needs to be done, I just do it," says Arif.
Arif takes two months out of the year to gather inspiration for his designs. A trip to Paris influenced his Winter 2014 collection.
Arif adds that when he travels to a new city he needs to orient himself by finding which direction points north.
"I need to know where I am at and the same goes for my jackets," says Arif. "There is a lot of attention to detail like, why is this piece going here? Why can't I put it somewhere else? It's like a puzzle and you put it together and it needs to make sense."
Arif works out of his home in Southwest Calgary — where I had an up-close-and-personal peak at his Fall/Winter 2014 line.
The collection was hanging on a clothing rack to the right of a large, contemporary fireplace. It featured colours like deep green, cognac, navy and black. Geometric patterns in leather on wool applique beautifully trace their way along the top panel of Arif's trench coats. The design creates a look similar to a fleur-de-lis, but Arif says the shape is also reminiscent of a hamsa — a reflection of the line's global inspiration.
Arif has also created samples for his Spring 2015 collection, which is influenced by the global sport trend. This collection features dove grey, lemon yellow, cognac and black leather jackets with unique mesh ribbing and hole-punched leather.
Aldona Barutowicz, a Calgary freelance stylist, writer and photographer, says she loves how Arif's line is growing bolder because it is a reflection of how bold his story is.
"I think it's incredible that he was able to take his passion and make it a reality. It takes a strong human to be able to do that and to keep trucking, because it is not easy," says Barutowicz. "I think it's incredible that he was able to take his passion and make it a reality. It takes a strong human to be able to do that and to keep trucking, because it is not easy."
– Aldona Barutowicz, Calgary freelance stylist
Arif adds that now he has established his business, the company has needs that have to be fulfilled.
"I have to make money to continue what I do. So now it is getting serious and that is the boring side of it, but it is an important side."
Arif says that he knows where his materials are coming from and who is working on his pieces. He knows all of his employees by their first name.
"It's connecting with my culture, giving back and producing fashion. It all comes together."
Arif adds that he has responsibilities to his manufacturers as well.
"I might just manufacture a few hundred jackets while big companies manufacture thousands, but those people are looking forward to making those jackets for me," says Arif.
Katrina Olson-Mottahed, a Calgary based artist, traveled with Arif to Paris.
Olson-Mottahed says that Arif creates wearable, classic pieces. She adds that his business background is what will help make him successful.
Arif and friend, Katrina Olson-Mottahed, travelled to Paris together to help Arif find inspiration for his Fall/Winter 2014 line. Arif was inspired by the architecture of the city and how the light hit the buildings differently.
Photo courtesy of Aleem Arif"He focuses on his consumer and what works for women. He is concerned about fit, which a lot of designers are not," says Olson-Mottahed. "Which is especially difficult as a man designing for women."
Arif has also been planning to launch a men's leather jacket line. After a trip to Las Vegas this summer to take part in PROJECT — a wholesaling convention — Arif connected with Mike Tyson's manager and boxer Floyd Mayweather. He is designing jackets for the two athletes.
"It's a cool way to launch my men's line," says Arif.
Olson-Mottahed adds that she hopes Arif continues going after his creativity, "I think he is successful when he does that and I hope to see him carried in a wide variety of retailers."
"I can see Aleem becoming a household name," says Selbee. "Short term, I can see Aleem being carried in prestigious stores across Canada for sure."
"I have my doubts everyday," says Arif with a laugh, adding that he is still in touch with his old co-workers in Boston and has seen them buy property, get married and start families.
"I could have done that, or I could be who I am right now. I get to be creative and I get to have fun with what I do, that is what my life is."
scomber@cjournal.ca
{igallery id=487|cid=244|pid=1|type=category|children=0|addlinks=0|tags=|limit=0}
Urban developer helps city grow one step at a time
Calgary Public Library's Newcomer Artist in Residence uses his photography to capture authenticity
Inside the life of Calgary musician Colin Carbonera

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Tours from Tour De Force Travel - Day Tours tend to sell out - travelers recommend booking in advance!
Jewish St Petersburg and general city and palaces, gardens.
Bravo, Tour De Force, take a bow!
Get quick answers from Tour De Force Travel - Day Tours staff and past visitors.


text:
View source for Glossary
← Glossary
Holacracy has its own terminology. Here is a glossary of key terms. === [[Accountability]] === An ongoing activity expected of a Role. Accountabilities can only be added to roles or circles via the [[governance process]]. They're captured as full sentences that begin with an –ing verb. For example, a "Website Manager" Role might have an accountability for "Building and maintaining the company's website." === [[Circle]] === A group of Roles that all contribute to the same Purpose. Every Circle has "core roles" (e.g. Facilitator, Secretary, Lead Link, and Rep Link) as well as other Roles doing the work. A Circle is treated like a Role with the additional authority to break itself down into sub-Roles. === [[Constitution]] === The documents that defines the fundamental rules, processes, and other constructs of the Holacracy system for organizational governance and operations. Within an organization running Holacracy, the Constitution is the formal power-holder in the organization rather than a specific person (e.g. CEO, President, etc.) === [[Cross Link]] === A Role within a Circle used to represent the interests and Tensions of an external Circle or organization. When a Circle is created within another Circle, a Rep Link (as opposed to a Cross Link) will be used to represent the interests of the sub-Circle at the Super-Circle. === [[Domain]] === Similar to a property right, a Domain centralizes control of a resource to a specific Role. For example, a "Social Media" Role might own the Domain of "corporate Twitter account." A Role may impact its own Domain to achieve its Purpose, but may not impact another's Domain unless given permission. === [[Election]] === An integrative process for selecting people to fill the Facilitator Role, Secretary Role, and Rep Link Role. Elections follow the Integrative Election Process that includes nominations and the processing of Proposals and Objections. === [[Facilitator]] === An elected Role with the purpose of facilitating the Circle's Governance and Tactical meetings in accordance with the rules of the Constitution. The Facilitator's Purpose and Accountabilities are listed in the Constitution's Appendix. Also, the Lead Link of a Circle is not eligible to be elected Facilitator for that Circle. === [[Individual Action]] === An action taken outside the current Purpose or Accountabilities of a Role. The decision to take Individual Action should be made consciously having considered the current Governance, and involves certain duties as a follow up to avoid repeating the same Individual Action. === [[Glassfrog]] === Glassfrog is a web-based software developed by HolacracyOne to support the Holacracy practice. It can capture Governance records, serves as a [[Tangible System]] to track [[Projects and Actions]], and supports Tactical and Governance Meetings. === [[Governance]] === An explicit, written set of rules and expectations including the Circles, Roles, Purposes, Accountabilities, Domains, and Policies of the organization. The organization's Governance changes in response to the demands of the environment through the processing of Circle member's Tensions during Governance Meetings. === [[Governance Meeting]] === A recurring meeting to process Tensions related to the Circle's Governance by making Proposals and raising Objections. Changes can be made to the Circle's Governance by creating new or making changes to existing Roles, Policies, and Elections. Governance Meetings follow the process outlined in Constitution section 3.3. === [[Lead Link]] === A Role that holds the Purpose of the overall Circle. The Lead Link is responsible for assigning people to Roles that have been created through Governance Meetings. The Lead Link also allocates resources and defines Priorities, Strategies, and Metrics within the Circle. === [[Metrics]] === Data chosen by the Circle's Lead Link to provide visibility into the work of the Circle. For example, a Metric for a "Social Media" Role might be "Number of Twitter followers." It is up to the Lead Link of the Circle to define and assign relevant metrics to the Roles within that Circle. === [[Next Action]] === A concrete action that could be taken immediately towards the completion of a Project. All Circle members are required to capture and track Next Actions for their Roles in a tangible form and to regularly review and update them. === [[Objection]] === An Objection is a reason why a Governance Proposal will cause harm or move the Circle backward. A Circle member raises an Objection during a Governance Meeting when that member experiences a Tension in response to the Proposal. === [[Partner]] === A "Partner" is a member of the organisation. "Partners" can be employees, co-owners, freelance collaborators or in any other formal relationship to the organisation. === [[Policy]] === A Policy allows or limits others from impacting a Domain. For example, if a "Social Media" Role owns the Domain of "corporate Twitter account" then a Policy might be enacted to allow an "Events Promotion" Role to make posts to Twitter (e.g. "Events Promotion has permission to post events-related content to the corporate Twitter account"). === [[Projects and Actions|Project]] === A '''Project''' is a specific outcome that requires multiple and/or sequential actions to complete. Projects are phrased in the past tense as in, "Budget report completed." All Circle members are required to capture and track Projects for their Roles in a tangible form and to regularly review and update them (see [[Tangible System]]). === [[Proposal]] === A recommended change to the Circle's Governance presented by a Circle member during a Governance Meeting. A Proposal is based on the proposer's felt Tension and may involve as many parts as necessary to resolve that Tension. === [[Purpose]] === Clarifies the identity and intention of a Role or Circle. The Purpose orients the action of a Role even absent any other explicit Accountabilities, Policies, Strategies, Priorities, or resources. === [[Rep Link]] === An elected Role used to represent the interests of a sub-Circle to its super-Circle. Also note that the Lead Link of a Circle may not serve as the Rep Link of that Circle. Rep Links allow Tensions from the sub-Circle to be processed by the super-Circle when the issue seems to extend beyond the sub-Circle's current authority. === [[Role]] === An organizational entity used to define certain functions of the organization. The definition of a Role includes a Purpose to express, Domain(s) to control, and Accountabilities to perform. The only way for a Role to be created, revised, or destroyed is through the Circle's Governance process. === [[Secretary]] === An elected Role with the Purpose of aligning Circle Governance and operations with the Constitution through maintaining Circle records, scheduling meetings, and interpreting Governance upon request. The Secretary works actively and collaboratively with the Facilitator during Governance and Tactical Meetings. === [[Strategy]] === An easy-to-remember rule used to guide Circle member's decisions. A Strategy defines one potentially valuable activity, emphasis, or goal over another. The Lead Link is accountable for defining the Strategies of the Circle and may use whatever process he/she feels is appropriate for gathering input from other Circle members. === [[Tactical Meeting]] === A recurring meeting for Circle members to surface operational data, updates, and triage Tensions into Projects and Next Actions. Agenda items are created during the meeting while the Facilitator works to get through all items in the allotted time. Tactical Meetings follow the process outlined in Constitution section 4.2. === [[Tension]] === A person's felt sense that there is a gap between the current reality and a potential future. The Circle processes member's Tensions during its Governance and Tactical meetings. This approach ensures that Governance and operational changes are driven by real experience rather than theory. [[Category:Constitution 4.0]]
Return to Glossary.
Retrieved from "http://wiki.holacracy.org/index.php?title=Glossary"


Contents His Church is One Big Family! Jesus is building His Church! Jesus made a promise and declaration, that He will build His church, and that not even the powers of Hell can stop Him! The question is, "Are you part of His Church?" As a result of there being hundreds or thousands of denominations in this day and age, there is much confusion about what the "One True Church," really is. His Church and still miss out on experiencing it, the way that God Jesus is building His Church! Jesus also says that you must "Confess Him, before Men!" The question is, "Have you confessed, or denied Jesus, before men?" Jesus is building His Church! The Scriptures never refer to the church as a place, or a building, or a human institution. The question is, "Are you a child of God?" If you are, you are part of His Church! Jesus is building His Church! When you become a child of God, you have many other brothers and sisters (that is, everyone who has become a child of God). You must not think more highly of yourself than you ought. The question is, "Will you accept with humility, the measure of faith He has given you?" Jesus is building His Church! His church is a living organism made up of all those who have been born of God! If you are a child of God, you have many other brothers and sisters (that is, everyone who has become a child of God).
His Church is One Big Family!
First, how to become a member of His Church.
Then, how you are to function as a part of the Body of Christ.
Also, where we meet, and what we are to do when we gather together.
In addition to that, Understanding How Important You Are, in the Body of Christ. 5. Finally, knowing how to get along with other members.
On the next page is a chart of the major denominational scisms in Christianity.
According to Wikipedia, the word "denomination" means, "having a name".
The word denomination is used to describe a group of religious people, who are connected with the same name, and the same organization.
Denominations are divided into ten main groups.
Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Church of the East, Anglican, Lutheran, Reformed, Anabaptist, Evangelical, and Nontrinitarian.
The question is, "Are you a child of God?" If you are, you are part of His Church!
You must not think more highly of yourself than you ought.
His church is a living organism made up of all those who have been born of God!


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leibal_b'tower_waa_21 by B' Tower is a minimalist house located in The Netherlands, designed by Wiel Arets Architects. The B' Tower, located in the center of Rotterdam, is composed of three distinct volumes of retail and residential program, and is a contiguous extension of Marcel Breuer's 1955 'Bijkenkorf' department store. Standing at a height of 70 m (230... View Article
Feb 19, 2014 /
B' Tower is a minimalist house located in The Netherlands, designed by Wiel Arets Architects. The B' Tower, located in the center of Rotterdam, is composed of three distinct volumes of retail and residential program, and is a contiguous extension of Marcel Breuer's 1955 'Bijkenkorf' department store. Standing at a height of 70 m (230 ft), its plinth encompasses retail while its subsequent volumes are composed of 54 studios and 24 apartments, respectively.
Jan 28, 2023 / Interiors
House B
by BLURKER design studio
Austin Nichols Penthouse
by Morris Adjmi
Jan 27, 2023 / Architecture
Ebnit
by Architekten Innauer Matt
Casa Palacio Paredes Saavedra
by TUÑON Y ALBORNOZ ARQUITECTOS
by Neri&Hu


Politically motivated investments in environmental, social and governance ventures are a key factor in the underperformance of the California Public Employees' Retirement System, according to a new report by the American Council for Capital Formation.
"The ESG principles that have helped shaped CalPERS' portfolio over the last four years are truly jeopardizing the retirement fund," says Tim Doyle, who authored the report and is vice-president of policy and general counsel at the council, a Washington-based non-partisan think tank.
CalPERS' financial status has evolved from a surplus of US$2.9 billion in 2007 to an unfunded liability more than US$138 billion today, even as the value of the S&P 500 index has increased by more than 275 per cent. As of the fund's fiscal year end in March, four of the nine worst-performing funds in its portfolio focused on environmental, social and governance factors, while none of the 25 top-performing funds was in that category. Meanwhile, the council report noted the personal portfolios of the fund's chief investment officer and at least two other senior executives steer clear of environmental, social and governance factors.
In 2016, Bloomberg analyzed every equity mutual fund with a Morningstar Inc. rating for environmental, social and governance factors. It sorted the funds into five groups based on the proportion of their assets under management with high environmental, social and governance scores.
As reported by Benefits Canada in February, a responsible investment strategy accounted for 38 per cent of assets under management in Canada, up from 31 per cent two years ago, according to a report by the Responsible Investment Association. Pension fund holdings, which grew by $374 billion or 45 per cent over the same period, accounted for 75 per cent of that growth.
Indeed, CalPERS has no intention of changing its policies. "Any suggestion that we stop engaging with companies on behalf of our members is laughable," wrote Osborn.
Still, the council expressed concern that other funds are following CalPERS' lead or will do so despite concerns about the California fund's performance.
"We're concerned that ESG investing is a growing trend, largely because of CalPERS' sheer size and its influence over institutional investors . . .," says Doyle.


text:
The Holy Bible ist das dritte Album der walisischen Rockband Manic Street Preachers. Es wurde im August 1994 veröffentlicht. Obwohl es zur Zeit der Veröffentlichung ein Flop war, gilt es heute als Klassiker des Alternative Rocks, vor allem auf Grund der äußerst düsteren und verstörenden Atmosphäre des Werks. Es ist das letzte noch mit Richey James Edwards aufgenommene Album der Band.

Bedeutung

The Holy Bible gilt bis heute als das unerschlossenste Werk der Band. Charakterisiert wird es vor allem durch die unkonventionellen Melodien, die zerbrechliche Stimmung und die äußerst düsteren Texte, die beinahe ausschließlich vom psychisch kranken Texter Edwards geschrieben wurden. Der Titel The Holy Bible (zu deutsch "Die heilige Bibel") zeigt den bitteren Sarkasmus auf, der einige der Songs begleitet. Den Grund für diesen Titel erklärt Edwards damit, dass genauso wie die Bibel früher die Wahrheiten ihrer Zeit enthielt, enthält The Holy Bible ebenfalls die Wahrheiten der heutigen Zeit.
Das Album handelt von Tabuthemen wie Misanthropie, Depression und Selbstverletzung, auch wenn bei einigen Liedern der Sinn des Texts nur sehr schwer zu erkennen ist. Fast jedes Lied auf dem Album beginnt mit einem gesprochenen Sample aus Filmen, Dokumentationen oder Interviews. Obwohl die Scheibe es bis auf Platz 6 der britischen Charts schaffte, war sie ein ökonomischer Flop. Es ist bis heute das am schlechtesten verkaufte Album der Band, was vor allem auf den nicht-massentauglichen Inhalt und die untypische Vorab-Single Faster/P.C.P. zurückzuführen ist. Trotzdem wurde das Album von Kritikern (insbesondere in Großbritannien) in allen Maßen gelobt. Das Q Magazine wählte es auf Platz 67 der besten Alben aller Zeiten. Kritisiert wurde die Band (die stark mit dem linken Flügel sympathisiert) für das Guerilla-eske Auftreten auf Konzerten und in den Musikvideos zu Faster, Revol und She Is Suffering.

Titelliste

Alle Texte wurden von Richey James Edwards und Nicky Wire geschrieben, die Musik von James Dean Bradfield und Sean Moore, außer wo anders notiert.

 Yes – 4:59
 Ifwhiteamericatoldthetruthforonedayit'sworldwouldfallapart – 3:39 (T: Wire)
 Of Walking Abortion – 4:01
 She Is Suffering – 4:43
 Archives of Pain – 5:29
 Revol – 3:04
 4st 7lb – 5:05 (T: Edwards)
 Mausoleum – 4:12
 Faster – 3:55
 This Is Yesterday – 3:58 (T: Wire)
 Die in the Summertime – 3:05 (T: Edwards)
 The Intense Humming Of Evil – 6:12
 P.C.P. – 3:55

Anmerkungen zu einzelnen Liedern

Yes

Yes ist musikalisch einer der schnellsten und eingängigsten Songs des Albums. Der Text ist – im Kontrast zur Musik – allerdings einer der düstersten auf der CD. Im Text wird das Leben des Erzählers mit der Arbeit einer Prostituierten verglichen. James Dean Bradfield sagte in einem Interview, dass es beinahe unmöglich war, die passende Musik zu einem solchen Text zu schreiben.

Ifwhiteamericatoldthetruthforonedayit'sworldwouldfallappart

Dies ist eines der wenigen Lieder auf The Holy Bible, deren Text ausschließlich von Nicky Wire geschrieben wurde. Es ist ein eher klassisches Preachers-Lied, da es die politischen Themen ihres Debüts Generation Terrorists wieder aufgreift. Der Text ist vor allem eine Kritik am Rassismus und dem Zeitgeist in den USA. Die Musik wird dem Genre des Post-Punks zugeschrieben.

Of Walking Abortion

Der Song handelt von der Theorie der extremen Feministin Valerie Solanas, die beschreibt, dass das männliche Geschlecht minderwertig sei, da ihm bestimmte Chromosomen fehlen, welche nur das weibliche Geschlecht besäße. Männer seien dadurch "laufende Abtreibungen" (walking abortions). Der Song ist auch bekannt für einige nicht entschlüsselbare Zeilen wie "So wash your car in your X baseball shoes" (Wasche dein Auto mit deinen X-Baseball-Schuhen).

She Is Suffering

She Is Suffering wurde als dritte – und letzte vor Edwards' Verschwinden – Single des Albums veröffentlicht. Der Text ist höchst metaphorisch. Die Musik wurde des Öfteren mit der damals sehr populären Grunge-Musik in Verbindung gebracht, speziell der von Nirvana. Die Band weist diesen Vergleich ab.

Archives of Pain

Eines der kontroversesten Stücke der LP ist Archives of Pain. Der Song wurde auf Grund des extremen Inhalts in einigen Ländern zensiert. Der Text ist in einem äußerst verbitterten, sarkastischen Ton geschrieben und thematisiert die Todesstrafe und einige zu der Zeit wichtige Morde, zum Beispiel die durch Myra Hindley und Ian Brady. Archetypisch ist die Zeile "Sterilise rapists, all I preach is extinction" (Sterilisiere Vergewaltiger, alles was ich predige ist die Ausrottung).

Revol

Revol – Kurzform für Revolution und rückwärts gelesen Lover – ist ein vom kommunistischen Gedankengut der Band beeinflusster, verhältnismäßig simpler Rocksong. Er setzt sich mit dem fehlgeschlagenen Liebesleben politischer Persönlichkeiten auseinander und gipfelt im Satz "Lebensraum, Kulturkampf, raus raus!"

4st 7lb

4 stone and 7 pounds (etwa 28 Kilogramm) handelt von der fortschreitenden Anorexia nervosa, an der Edwards litt. Der Song gehört zu den düstersten des Albums. Er ist im Stile eines Tagebuchs geschrieben, in dem die Hauptperson die fortschreitende Krankheit beschreibt. Der Anfang des Songs ist ziemlich laut, während die zweite Hälfte eher ruhig und melodisch endet. Kontrovers ist das Lied vor allem wegen der Zeile "I wanna be so skinny that I rot from view, I want to walk in the snow and not leave a footprint" (Ich möchte so drahtig sein, dass ich aus der Sicht verschwinde, ich möchte im Schnee gehen und keinen Abdruck hinterlassen).

Mausoleum

Dies ist ebenfalls einer der düstersten Songs der CD. Er spiegelt eine Endzeitstimmung wider, vor allem im Refrain ("No birds, no birds, the sky is swollen black" (Keine Vögel, keine Vögel, der Himmel ist schwarz angeschwollen)). Einen gewissen Kultstatus erlangte das Lied auch durch das Zitat "I wanted to rub the human face in its own vomit and force it to look in the mirror" (Ich wollte das menschliche Gesicht in seinem eigenen Erbrochenem schrubben und es zwingen, in den Spiegel zu sehen).

Faster

Faster ist der bekannteste Song der CD. Er wurde als erste Single veröffentlicht und kam bis auf Platz 16 der britischen Charts. Er ist das einzige Lied des Albums, das es auf das Best-Of Forever Delayed schaffte. Legendär ist der Auftritt der Band bei Top of the Pops, bei dem Bradfield eine IRA-typische Sturmhaube trug. Der damalige Redakteur der BBC sagte, dass noch nie so viele Beschwerden wegen eines Auftritts bei der Sendeanstalt eingingen.

This Is Yesterday

Möglicherweise der hellste, optimistischste Song der CD. Er wurde bezeichnenderweise ausschließlich von Nicky Wire geschrieben und ist eine Ballade, ähnlich den Songs des folgenden Albums Everything Must Go. Die Band (ohne Edwards) sagte später, dass dieses Lied eine gute Abwechslung auf The Holy Bible war.

Die in the Summertime

Die in the Summertime (Sterben im Sommer) ist der düsterste und psychotischste Song auf der CD. Er – ausschließlich von Edwards geschrieben – handelt von der Selbstzerstörung, die er begeht, und dem Wunsch, zu sterben. Der Song wurde in einigen Ländern Asiens aufgrund seines extremen Inhalts auf den Index gesetzt. Nach dem Verschwinden des Texters wurden die Zeilen "Scratch my leg with a rusty nail, sadly it heals" (Ritze mein Bein mit einem rostigen Nagel, traurigerweise heilt es) und "I want to die, die in the summertime, I want to die" (Ich möchte sterben, sterben im Sommer, ich will sterben!) kontrovers diskutiert.

The Intense Humming of Evil

Dieses Lied beinhaltet viele Einflüsse aus der militärischen Marschmusik. Der Text handelt vom Holocaust, beschrieben in einem Bewusstseinsstrom-ähnlichen Stil. Der Song überraschte einige Fans der ausdrücklich linken Band, da er die Gräueltaten des Nationalsozialismus nicht verteufelt, sondern schlicht beschreibt.

P.C.P.

P.C.P. ist, ähnlich wie Ifwhiteamerica..., ein recht einfacher Punk-Song mit politischen Lyrics, die vor allem gegen die Republikanische Partei gerichtet sind. Sean Moore hat in einem Interview erklärt, dass mit Yes und P.C.P. extra zwei musikalisch leicht verdauliche Songs an den Anfang und das Ende des Albums gesetzt wurden, um den Kreis zu schließen.

Weblinks

Album 1994
Album (Alternative Rock)
Album (Grunge)
Konzeptalbum
Manic-Street-Preachers-Album

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Looking back we remember the steps and the building blocks that helped to shape the company we are today. The early realization and practice of putting our clients needs first has always been our greatest strength. Looking forward, we constantly strive to improve the customer experience, improve our products and services, and most importantly, to "add time and longevity" to the relationships we have built.
Our vision incorporates not only the continued service to our clients, but to enhance our practices in a way that promotes and teaches growth through persistence.
At The Turn Group we believe the harder we work to make our customers successful the more successful we will become.
Our mission is simple. To be the best web development company on the internet, provide solutions to our clients that enhance and grow their business as well as to establish ourselves as a knowledgeable leader in the Joomla Space.
Develop an environment and relationship that encourages teamwork, growth, trust and co-operation between our employees, clients and partners.
Encourage, train and empower employees to develop innovative solutions and to recognize and reward their achievements for their hard work and dedication.
Be ethical, dedicated, responsible, trustworthy, honorable and accountable for our actions and show respect to all businesses, employees, clients and partners.
Be open and honest in our communications and fair in the treatment of our employees, clients and our partners.
These are goals that we try to obtain daily for the betterment of ourselves, our clients and our company.


NEWS DIGEST–Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU) and Bauchi State University (BSU) Gadau chapters of the Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) have joined the nationwide strike.
The Chairman of ATBU, Bauchi Chapter, Dr Adamu Babayo and the State University ASUU Chairman, Dr Kabir Hassan, disclosed this separately in Bauchi on Tuesday.
Babayo said the decision to join the strike came after their congress on Tuesday.
Babayo also said that all lecturers had been directed to stop the ongoing examinations.
"You know we came back from Akure on Monday. We are aware of the directives to go on strike, but we have to come back to our various institutions, hold meetings and convey the message to our members for them to comply and that was what we did.
"Our students wrote examinations even today in the morning. But that will be the last as we have informed all our members to comply with the directive and stop the conduct of examinations in the university.
"So, from now, no examination or any other academic activities will take place because we have joined the strike.
Babayo noted that theinstitution's demands have yet to be met and expressed happiness that some of the demands by the national body were attached to theirs.
He expressed the hope that the issues would be resolved.
Similarly, Hassan, the State University Chairman, said the chapter had also joined the nationwide strike after holding its congress meeting.
He said the meeting was held with the leadership of the union and other members after which they arrived at the conclusion to join the strike.
Hassan said compliance with the strike would be enforced in all the three campuses of the university located in Gadau, Bauchi and Misau.
"We have distributed a strike bulletin containing the directives for the strike and what must be observed by our members to ensure compliance.


text:
ARTICLES September 25, 2013
SOUTH AFRICA SELECTS 'FOUR CORNERS" AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE OSCAR CONTENDER
Four Corners has been selected as South Africa's official 2014 foreign-language entry for the Academy Awards. The film is the first 'foreign language' entry to blend Sabela (the coded prison language of the Number gangs) Tsotsi-taal, Cape Afrikaans and English.
Set in the Cape ganglands, the coming of age crime thriller, directed by Ian Gabriel, tells the story of a young chess prodigy who must defy the odds and stay one move ahead of the gangs in a game where losing can be the difference between life or death.
Four Corners is a redemptive moral tale about a young boy coming of age facing the reality of the dangers experienced by children and teenagers in gang controlled areas in the Flats. The truth of this story is something we read about in the papers every day.
The film's producers Cindy Gabriel and Genevieve Hofmeyr expressed their excitement at Four Corners' 'first steps into the outside world'. The producers feel that the film's themes of fatherhood, family and coming of age are universal and are bound to appeal to a world audience. Four Corners should resonate with a savvy youth audience, who will love the music, performances and storytelling that reaches deep into the vibrant life of the often forgotten and unknown world on the Flats.
Four Corners features Brendon Daniels, Lindiwe Matshikiza and Irshaad Ally who deliver electrifying performances, as does newcomer Jezriel Skei who plays 13 year old Ricardo.
The Oscar selection panel singled out the outstanding and extremely believable performances of the cast. "Several of the players were first time actors and non-actors, who all deliver great performances, "says Four Corners Director Ian Gabriel. "By teaming established talent with 'real people' performers, we enabled both to reach deep into shared and individual experiences. This resulted in performances that clearly access the passion, emotion and conviction required for the broad palette of the characters and their roles in the film."
The film is scored by Markus Wormstorm and features a range of South African music from Khula Chani and Felix la Band to Khyle Shepherd, Hemelbesem and others.
The selection committee's unanimous decision in favour of Four Corners lauded the great production values in the film making particular mention of the authenticity and believability of the film, where "the line between fiction and reality is often blurred". The recommendation concluded that it was "refreshing to see a film boldly tackling a part of our life not usually explored".
Ian Gabriel's previous film Forgiveness was a Golden Leopard nominee at Locarno and was listed by CNN's African Voices as one of the top ten African films of the last decade.
The film is currently on limited release at The Bioscope Independent Cinema in Johannesburg. The general release of the film is scheduled for later in the year. Four Corners is distributed by Indigenous Films in South Africa and has already been picked up by worldwide sales company, The Little Film Company in LA.
The film is produced by Giant Films and Moonlighting Films and is funded by Giant Films, The Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa, The National Film and Video Foundation.
Cindy GabrielFour CornersGenevieve HofmeyrKhula ChaniThe Bioscope Independent Cinema
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"Four Corners is a redemptive moral tale about a young boy coming of age facing the reality of the dangers experienced by children and teenagers in gang controlled areas in the Flats. " This is kind of fun and I think it will be fun to watch about it.
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SURREALIST DRAWINGS FROM ARTIST Ivan Pretorius
Who is Ivan Pretorius and what do you do? I'm a 23 year old male born and raised in Mapumalanga, South Africa. I was born…


Once a warehouse, Cole Street is now stocked full of personality. Entering into the main living space, you'll find a dining table for eight on the right, and a huddle of sofas straight ahead. A hippo coffee table rests its legs on a cowhide rug, and mounted on the exposed brick walls are a menagerie of mock animal heads. The open-plan kitchen, straight ahead, has a tiled floor and both marble and wooden worktops.
To the right of the tall windows, a spiral staircase leads up to an office space, next to the second bedroom (with a queen-size bed), which overlooks the main living space. Up again you'll find the master bedroom (with a chrome-framed super king bed) and its ensuite. Up a few more stairs is the private roof terrace, where you can dine with a chimneypot view across Southwark.
1 Super king bed, 1 Queen bed.
This apartment is on the first floor of an apartment building without a lift.
This home is spread over three floors.
This home does not accept children below the age of 12.


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{New Releases} Jan 29-Feb 4, 2018
Editor January 29, 2018 February 6, 2018 in Every Issue, New Releases
Black Fortunes by:Shomari Wells
The astonishing untold history of America's first black millionaires—former slaves who endured incredible challenges to amass and maintain their wealth for a century, from the Jacksonian period to the Roaring Twenties—self-made entrepreneurs whose unknown success mirrored that of American business heroes such as Henry Ford, John D. Rockefeller, and Thomas Edison.
While Oprah Winfrey, Jay-Z, Beyoncé, Michael Jordan, and Will Smith are among the estimated 35,000 black millionaires in the nation today, these famous celebrities were not the first blacks to reach the storied one percent. Between the years of 1830 and 1927, as the last generation of blacks born into slavery was reaching maturity, a small group of smart, tenacious, and daring men and women broke new ground to attain the highest levels of financial success.
Black Fortunes is an intriguing look at these remarkable individuals, including Napoleon Bonaparte Drew—author Shomari Wills' great-great-great-grandfather—the first black man in Powhatan County (contemporary Richmond) to own property in post-Civil War Virginia. His achievements were matched by five other unknown black entrepreneurs including:
Mary Ellen Pleasant, who used her Gold Rush wealth to further the cause of abolitionist John Brown; Robert Reed Church, who became the largest landowner in Tennessee; Hannah Elias, the mistress of a New York City millionaire, who used the land her lover gave her to build an empire in Harlem; Orphan and self-taught chemist Annie Turnbo-Malone, who developed the first national brand of hair care products; Madam C. J Walker, Turnbo-Malone's employee who would earn the nickname America's "first female black millionaire;" Mississippi school teacher O. W. Gurley, who developed a piece of Tulsa, Oklahoma, into a "town" for wealthy black professionals and craftsmen" that would become known as "the Black Wall Street."
A fresh, little-known chapter in the nation's story—A blend of Hidden Figures, Titan, and The Tycoons—Black Fortunes illuminates the birth of the black business titan and the emergence of the black marketplace in America as never before.
Release: 1/30/18
Click to purchase: (Kindle) or (Hardcover)
Beneath The Darkest Sky by:Jason Overstreet
In this riveting and emotionally powerful historical drama, an ex-FBI agent plunges into the darkest shadows of 1930s Europe, where everything he loves is on the line . . .
International consultant Prescott Sweet's mission is to bring justice to countries suffering from America's imperialistic interventions. With his outspoken artist wife, Loretta, and their two children, he lives a life of equality and continental elegance amid Europe's glittering capitals—beyond anything he ever dared hope for.
But he is still a man in hiding, from his past with the Bureau, from British Intelligence—and from his own tempting, dangerous skill at high-level espionage. So when he has the opportunity to live in Moscow and work at the American Embassy, Prescott and his family seize the chance to take refuge and at last put down roots in what they believe is a fair society.
Life in Russia, however, proves to be a beautiful lie. Reduced to bare survival, with his son gravely ill, Prescott calls on all his skills in a last-ditch effort to free his family from the grips of Stalin. But between honor and expediency, salvation and atrocity, he'll be forced to play an ever more merciless hand and commit unimaginable acts for a future that promises nowhere to run . . .
The Bittersweet Bride (Advertisements for Love) (Volume 1) by:Vanessa Riley
Widow Theodosia Cecil needs a husband to help protect her son. The former flower seller turned estate owner posts an ad in the newspaper, and no one is more surprised than she when her first love, the man she thought dead, reappears.
Ewan Fitzwilliam has been at war for six years. Now, the second son of a powerful earl is back but his beloved Theo needs a husband and will not consider him. She believes Ewan left her—in desperate straits—so she denies the feelings she still harbors for the handsome, scarred soldier. Theo and playwright Ewan must overcome bitter lies and vengeful actions that ruined their youthful affair. Theo must reveal her deepest secret in order to reclaim the love that has long been denied.
Click to purchase: (Kindle) or (Paperback)
Get Over It! by:Iyanla Vanzant
Today—as repeated attempts to "fix ourselves and our lives" fail—many of us face unprecedented fears about the future, struggle with unspeakable life tragedies, and sink under the belief that certain lives do not matter in our society. Others confront our epidemic of anxiety with fierce resistance, or "the fight to be right," criticizing anyone and everyone just to end up stuck.
In the face of such pervasive human suffering, New York Times best-selling author and legendary life coach Iyanla Vanzant challenges us: What if it's not them—what if it's you? What if you need to "get over it"—and get over yourself? Because no matter how much we would like to blame people and circumstances beyond our control, the truth is staggeringly simple: anything and everything we experience is a function of what and how we think. In Get Over It! Iyanla offers a unique spiritual technology called "thought therapy," a process that harnesses proven spiritual tools with the science of neuroplasticity. The 42 prayers and affirmations, and complementary energy-clearing tools at the heart of the thought therapy process are designed to neutralize and eliminate the unconscious, unproductive, soul-destroying dominant negative thought patterns (DNTPs) and discordant emotional energies, allowing you to get to the root cause of your personal suffering, and make life-affirming choices.
If you're ready to break free of your ego's resistance and willing to face yourself, willing to change, and willing to heal and grow—then now's the time to Get Over It!
Black Ink: Literary Legends on the Peril, Power, and Pleasure of Reading and Writing by:Stephanie Stokes Oliver
Spanning over 250 years of history, Black Ink traces black literature in America from Frederick Douglass to Ta-Nehisi Coates in this masterful collection of twenty-five illustrious and moving essays on the power of the written word.
Throughout American history black people are the only group of people to have been forbidden by law to learn to read. This unique collection seeks to shed light on that injustice and subjugation, as well as the hard-won literary progress made, putting some of America's most cherished voices in a conversation in one magnificent volume that presents reading as an act of resistance.
Organized into three sections, the Peril, the Power, and Pleasure, and with an array of contributors both classic and contemporary, Black Ink presents the brilliant diversity of black thought in America while solidifying the importance of these writers within the greater context of the American literary tradition. At times haunting and other times profoundly humorous, this unprecedented anthology guides you through the remarkable experiences of some of America's greatest writers and their lifelong pursuits of literacy and literature.
The foreword was written by Nikki Giovanni. Contributors include: Frederick Douglass, Solomon Northup, Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. Du Bois, Zora Neale Hurston, Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, Malcolm X, Maya Angelou, Martin Luther King, Jr., Toni Morrison, Walter Dean Myers, Stokely Carmichael [Kwame Ture], Alice Walker, Jamaica Kincaid, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., Terry McMillan, Junot Diaz, Edwidge Danticat, Colson Whitehead, Marlon James, Roxane Gay, Ta-Nehisi Coates, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, and Colson Whitehead.
The anthology features a bonus in-depth interview with President Barack Obama.
Tempest by:Beverly Jenkins
From USA Today Bestselling Author Beverly Jenkins comes a new novel in a mesmerizing series set in the Old West, where an arranged marriage becomes a grand passion . . .
What kind of mail-order bride greets her intended with a bullet instead of a kiss? One like Regan Carmichael—an independent spirit equally at home in denims and dresses. Shooting Dr. Colton Lee in the shoulder is an honest error, but soon Regan wonders if her entire plan to marry a man she's never met is a mistake. Colton, who buried his heart along with his first wife, insists he only wants someone to care for his daughter. Yet Regan is drawn to the unmistakable desire in his gaze.
Regan's far from the docile bride Colton was expecting. Still, few women would brave the wilds of Wyoming Territory for an uncertain future with a widower and his child. The thought of having a bold, forthright woman like Regan in his life—and in his arms—begins to inspire a new dream. And despite his family's disapproval and an unseen enemy, he'll risk all to make this match a real union of body and soul.
Click to purchase: (Kindle) or (Mass Market Paperback)
The Family Business 4 by:Carl Weber w/ La Jill Hunt
National bestselling author Carl Weber returns with Essence bestseller La Jill Hunt in the latest installment in the wildly popular Family Business series.
LC Duncan, patriarch and leader of the Duncan clan, is alive and well after being shot by a mysterious gunman. His near death experience has caused him and his wife Chippy to reflect on both the past and present, and together they decide that it's time to return to Waycross, Georgia for a long overdue family reunion.
Wherever the Duncans go, trouble is never too far behind, and this time it comes in the form of longtime Duncan enemy Vinnie Dash and Orlando Duncan's baby momma, Ruby. Vinnie and Ruby are back to seek revenge on the Duncan family, and they continue to deny Orlando the opportunity to meet his only child, who has been named after his family's sworn enemy. Orlando takes things into his own hands and sets out to Jamaica to get his son.
The beautiful Paris Duncan is being haunted by recurring nightmares of her true love, Niles Monroe. She blew up his private plane when he became a threat to her family; however, there have been signs that suggest he may still be alive. On top of this, Darryl Graham, a long lost family friend, has returned and reignited a feud between Paris and London. Will the sisters have it out once again over the attention of a man?
Get ready for another roller coaster ride with the Duncan family.
Foolish by:Anna Black
After building her life and watching it fall down around her, November finally seems to have broken her bad luck streak when she meets Tracy Stone. But when his true personality comes to light, can November find her happy ending?
November is on the right track to success, and she looks forward to living the lifestyle she always dreamed she'd have as an advertising agent. After suffering through countless roommates and ending up in and out of her parents' home while in school, her dream condo is within her grasp; but a few weeks before closing, she totals her car. She is sure bad luck has returned to her life, until she meets Tracy Stone, who offers her a solution. That offer leads to a whirlwind romance that takes November by surprise.
Charming, dark, handsome, and well-off, Tracy seems to be the perfect man, until he reveals himself to be a little more jealous and controlling than November would like. Excusing his behavior as deep love for her, she marries him, only to learn that this tall, dark, and handsome guy has some demons that could eventually ruin their marriage and derail her happily-ever-after for good.
Click to purchase: (Kindle), (Paperback), (Audiobook)
Love, Lies, and Consequences by:Blake Karrington and Genesis Woods
Savannah Zaher has always prided herself in making the right decisions in her life. From the time she packed up her things to attend college and law school in California to her coming back home ten years later grown, focused, and with a career she's always dreamed of. No one ever knew the real reason behind her moving across the country all those years ago except her best friend Reign and the one man she was trying to distance herself from in the first place.
Lyfe Simmons is on top of the world. With an empire that has been growing bigger everyday and a family of friends who would die for each other at any minute, what could he possibly be missing? He has a wife who is down for whatever, two beautiful children, and basically anything he could ever want right as his feet. Well, everything except the woman he fell in love with and hasn't stopped loving since he first laid eyes on her.
With so many obstacles and bitter people in the way, can love really conquer all? Or will the consequences of loving a man who belongs to someone else cost you everything you've worked so hard for?
Click to purchase: (Paperback) or (Kindle)
Best Laid Plans: A Hood Misfits Novel by:Brick & Storm
Journey with street lit authors, Brick & Storm as they tell another tale of the Hood Misfits' urban world.
Dr. Antonio "Tone" Ortiz is an ordinary single father in Miami, trying to ignore what flows through his veins, until his daughter, Jewel, goes missing. With all his options failing, it's up to Tone to find his daughter by any means necessary, even if that means signing his soul over to the devil himself: his father, Caltrone Orlando.
Co-parenting has never been easy, and Kenya Gates will learn just how hard it is with the kidnapping of her daughter, Jewel. Even through all the sacrifices, secrets, lost love, drama, pain, and manipulation, these two fighting parents will come together with one agenda in mind: to save their daughter at all costs. But will Kenya also be willing to join up with Tone's dangerous father, or will she allow her emotions to get in the way?
Behind the scenes, a legacy had been founded, one ushering in legendary murders and mayhem. Now it's time to understand the Orlandos, the seductive, lethal, and notorious family known for taking and leaving bodies behind.
This Will Be My Undoing by:Morgan Jerkins
From one of the fiercest, most eloquent critics writing today, Morgan Jerkins' highly-anticipated collection of linked essays interweaves her incisive commentary on pop culture, feminism, black history, misogyny, and racism with her own experiences to confront the very real challenges of being a black woman today—perfect for fans of Roxane Gay's Bad Feminist, Rebecca Solnit's Men Explain Things to Me, and Chimamanda Ngozie Adichie's We Should All Be Feminists
Morgan Jerkins is only in her twenties, but she has already established herself as an insightful, brutally honest writer who isn't afraid of tackling tough, controversial subjects. In This Will Be My Undoing, she takes on perhaps one of the most provocative contemporary topics: What does it mean to "be"—to live as, to exist as—a black woman today? This is a book about black women, but it's necessary reading for all Americans.
Doubly disenfranchised by race and gender, often deprived of a place within the mostly white mainstream feminist movement, black women are objectified, silenced, and marginalized with devastating consequences, in ways both obvious and subtle, that are rarely acknowledged in our country's larger discussion about inequality. In This Will Be My Undoing, Jerkins becomes both narrator and subject to expose the social, cultural, and historical story of black female oppression that influences the black community as well as the white, male-dominated world at large.
Whether she's writing about Sailor Moon; Rachel Dolezal; the stigma of therapy; her complex relationship with her own physical body; the pain of dating when men say they don't "see color"; being a black visitor in Russia; the specter of "the fast-tailed girl" and the paradox of black female sexuality; or disabled black women in the context of the "Black Girl Magic" movement, Jerkins is compelling and revelatory.
No Slam Dunk by:Cheryl Cooky & Michael A. Messner
In just a few decades, sport has undergone a radical gender transformation. However, Cheryl Cooky and Michael A. Messner suggest that the progress toward gender equity in sports is far from complete. The continuing barriers to full and equal participation for young people, the far lower pay for most elite-level women athletes, and the continuing dearth of fair and equal media coverage all underline how much still has yet to change before we see gender equality in sports.
The chapters in No Slam Dunk show that is this not simply a story of an "unfinished revolution." Rather, they contend, it is simplistic optimism to assume that we are currently nearing the conclusion of a story of linear progress that ends with a certain future of equality and justice. This book provides important theoretical and empirical insights into the contemporary world of sports to help explain the unevenness of social change and how, despite significant progress, gender equality in sports has been "No Slam Dunk."
Release: 2/1/18
Click to purchase: (Kindle), (Hardcover), (Paperback)
Love Notes (Equilibrium Book 1) by:Christina C. Jones
Love that says something, instead of just looking like it.
Love you can always trust to feel like home.
For both of them, it's something that has always been just outside of their peripheral, something to be observed rather than experienced. A depth of feeling reserved for people who were "into" that, those with a different outlook, those more… deserving.
Until their paths cross.
Lines are crossed.
And maybe the stars are crossed too, because the connection and chemistry are so off the charts that they can't stay away from each other, can't avoid it… even if they think they should.
Click to purchase: (Kindle)
Blacksmith's Song by:Elizabeth Van Steenwyk
The son of an enslaved blacksmith learns that his father is using the rhythm of his hammering to communicate with travelers on the Underground Railroad.
When Pa falls ill, it is up to him to help others along the journey and also lead his family's escape. Pa works hard as a blacksmith. But he's got another important job to do as well: using his anvil to pound out the traveling rhythm–a message to travelers on the Underground Railroad. His son wants to help, but Pa keeps putting him off. Then one day, Pa falls ill and the boy has to take over.
Age Range: 6 – 10 years
Grade Level: 1 – 2
Click to purchase: (Hardcover)
Hidden Women: The African-American Mathematicians of NASA Who Helped America Win the Space Race (Encounter: Narrative Nonfiction Stories) by:Rebecca Rissman
Tells the gripping story of four female African-American mathematicians who literally made it possible to launch US rockets–and astronauts–into space. Tells the thrilling tale of how each woman contributed, the struggles and resistance each experienced, and the amazing results. Consultants currently works for NASA.
Ages: 9 to 12, Grades: 4 to 7
Click to purchase: (Kindle), (Library Binding), (Paperback)
Marley Dias Gets It Done And So Can You! by:Marley Dias
Marley Dias, the powerhouse girl-wonder who started the #1000blackgirlbooks campaign, speaks to kids about her passion for making our world a better place, and how to make their dreams come true!
In this accessible guide with an introduction by Academy Award-nominated filmmaker Ava DuVernay, Marley Dias explores activism, social justice, volunteerism, equity and inclusion, and using social media for good. Drawing from her experience, Marley shows kids how they can galvanize their strengths to make positive changes in their communities, while getting support from parents, teachers, and friends to turn dreams into reality. Focusing on the importance of literacy and diversity, Marley offers suggestions on book selection, and delivers hands-on strategies for becoming a lifelong reader.
Ages: 10 And Up, Grades: 5 And Up
If It Ain't About The Money by:Saundra
Three friends. One slim chance to beat the streets. But even when you fight your way out by any means necessary, cold hard cash is still no guarantee you'll escape . . .
Secret. Penny. Isis. Two sisters, one best friend. Between neglectful parents and growing up in Miami's worst neighborhood, the three have had each others' backs since forever. So there's nothing Secret won't do to grab the cash flow and glamorous lives she, innocent Penny, and idealistic Isis surely deserve. And she and lowlife fixer Kirk have the perfect plan: transfer rich folks' wealth to new accounts, cleverly make withdrawals, and line their pockets . . .
Soon it's raining money, exclusive condos, fast cars—and major bad-news trouble. 'Cause Isis just found real love and now wants out of the game for good. And when a merciless enemy, a disastrous old scam-gone-bad, and unexpected betrayal turn the girls' glittering world inside out, how far will they game each other—and risk their friendship—to survive?
A More Beautiful and Terrible History by:Jeanne Theoharis
"A bracing corrective to a national mythology" (New York Times) that has been created about the civil rights movement
The civil rights movement has become national legend, lauded by presidents from Reagan to Obama to Trump, as proof of the power of American democracy. This fable, featuring dreamy heroes and accidental heroines, has shuttered the movement firmly in the past, whitewashed the forces that stood in its way, and diminished its scope. And it is used perniciously in our own times to chastise present-day movements and obscure contemporary injustice.
In A More Beautiful and Terrible History award-winning historian Jeanne Theoharis dissects this national myth-making, teasing apart the accepted stories to show them in a strikingly different light. We see Rosa Parks not simply as a bus lady but a lifelong criminal justice activist and radical; Martin Luther King, Jr. as not only challenging Southern sheriffs but Northern liberals, too; and Coretta Scott King not only as a "helpmate" but a lifelong economic justice and peace activist who pushed her husband's activism in these directions.
Moving from "the histories we get" to "the histories we need," Theoharis challenges nine key aspects of the fable to reveal the diversity of people, especially women and young people, who led the movement; the work and disruption it took; the role of the media and "polite racism" in maintaining injustice; and the immense barriers and repression activists faced. Theoharis makes us reckon with the fact that far from being acceptable, passive or unified, the civil rights movement was unpopular, disruptive, and courageously persevering. Activists embraced an expansive vision of justice–which a majority of Americans opposed and which the federal government feared.
By showing us the complex reality of the movement, the power of its organizing, and the beauty and scope of the vision, Theoharis proves that there was nothing natural or inevitable about the progress that occurred. A More Beautiful and Terrible History will change our historical frame, revealing the richness of our civil rights legacy, the uncomfortable mirror it holds to the nation, and the crucial work that remains to be done.
Click to purchase: (Kindle), (Hardcover), (Audiobook), (Audio CD)
An African American and Latinx History by:Paul Ortiz
Spanning more than two hundred years, An African American and Latinx History of the United States is a revolutionary, politically charged narrative history arguing that the "Global South" was crucial to the development of America as we know it. Ortiz challenges the notion of westward progress, as exalted by widely taught formulations such as "manifest destiny" and "Jacksonian democracy," and shows how placing African American, Latinx, and Indigenous voices unapologetically front and center transforms American history into the story of the working class organizing against imperialism.
In precise detail, Ortiz traces this untold history from the Jim Crow-esque racial segregation of the Southwest, the rise and violent fall of a powerful tradition of Mexican labor organizing in the twentieth century, to May 1, 2006, International Workers' Day, when migrant laborers—Chicana/os, Afro-Cubanos, and immigrants from nearly every continent on earth—united in resistance on the first "Day Without Immigrants."
Incisive and timely, An African American and Latinx History of the United States is a bottom-up history told from the viewpoint of African American and Latinx activists and revealing the radically different ways people of the diaspora addressed issues still plaguing the United States today.
#1000blackgirlbooks, @AtriaBooks, @authorMsBev, @AuthorSaundra, @beingmrsjones, @Blakekarrington, @HarperPerennial, @IamCarlWeber, @iamgenesiswoods, @iammarleydias, @IyanlaVanzant, @JasonOverstreet, @JeanneTheoharis, @LLcoolJill, @MorganJerkins, @RebeccaRissman, @VanessaRiley, A More Beautiful and Terrible History by:Jeanne Theoharis, Alice Walker, An African American and Latinx History by:Paul Ortiz, Beneath The Darkest Sky by:Jason Overstreet, Best Laid Plans: A Hood Misfits Novel by:Brick & Storm, Beyonce, Black Fortunes by:Shomari Wells, Black Ink: Literary Legends on the Peril, Blacksmith's Song by:Elizabeth Van Steenwyk, Booker T. Washington, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Colson Whitehead, Edwidge Danticat, Foolish by:Anna Black, Frederick Douglass, Get Over It! by:Iyanla Vanzant, Henry Louis Gates, Hidden Women: The African-American Mathematicians of NASA Who Helped America Win the Space Race (Encounter: Narrative Nonfiction Stories) by:Rebecca Rissman, If It Ain't About The Money by:Saundra, Jamaica Kincaid, James Baldwin, Jay Z, Jr., Junot Diaz, Langston Hughes, Love Notes (Equilibrium Book 1) by:Christina C. Jones, Malcolm X, Marley Dias Gets It Done And So Can You! by:Marley Dias, Marlon James, Martin Luther King, Maya Angelou, Michael Jordan, No Slam Dunk by:Cheryl Cooky & Michael A. Messner, Oprah Winfrey, Power, Roxane Gay, Solomon Northup, Stokely Carmichael [Kwame Ture], Ta-Nehisi Coates, Tempest by:Beverly Jenkins, Terry McMillan, The Bittersweet Bride (Advertisements for Love) (Volume 1) by:Vanessa Riley, The Family Business 4 by:Carl Weber w/ La Jill Hunt, Toni Morrison, W. E. B. Du Bois, Walter Dean Myers, Zora Neale Hurston
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'A society that facilitates anti-Semitism has no moral credibility'
FREEDOM THREATENED: "A society, or a political party, that tolerates anti-Semitism or any hate, has forfeited all moral credibility. You cannot build a future on the malign myths of the past. You can sustain freedom on the basis of hostility and hate." – Rabbi Jonathan Sachs on a debate on anti-Semitism in the House of Lords. Picture courtesy of Cooper Niall.
A MEMBER of the House of Lords and former Chief Rabbi claims the spirit of anti-Semitism has returned and the country had forgotten its recent history.
Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, who served as Chief Rabbi to the United Hebrew Congregations of the Commonwealth, was speaking in a debate in the House about the unwanted global resurgence of anti-Semitism on 20 June.
'Rabbi didn't know Ghetto was in centre of Warsaw'
The Rabbi recently went to a conference in Warsaw, a city he didn't know particularly well, was unaware that the Warsaw Ghetto, which existed between November 1940 and May 1943, was pretty much in the centre of town.
He told fellow peers: "With its nine foot high walls, topped by barbed wire, holding 400,000 Jews, its existence must have been known by everyone in Warsaw. It was there that Jews were systemically starved and enslaved in the summer of 1942 – 254,000 of them were sent by train to their deaths by gas in the extermination camp called Treblinka.
'This happened in open view and no one spoke out'
"In April and May 1943, the Germans set about the destruction of the ghetto and the extermination of its population, 300, 000 of them killed by bullet or gas and 92,000 died through typhoid and starvation. This happened in open view in one of the great cities of Europe and no-one protested."
The Chief Rabbi put these words into context by singling out Lord Singh of Wimbledon in the chamber to imagine his own community being within a ghetto in London whilst they were being eliminated with no-one outside knowing what was happening.
He said: "Try to imagine 400,000 Hindus or Sikhs within ghetto walls in the middle of London. Imagine passing those walls every day knowing that behind them thousands were dying or sent to their deaths and no one saying a word. How did it happen?
'It has reborn and mutated and then been tolerated'
"It happened because in the heart of emancipated Europe, anti-semitism was dismissed as a primitive prejudice of the Middle Ages, it was reborn, was mutated and was promoted and tolerated throughout Europe.
"By no means was it confined to Germany. If you had asked at the beginning of the 20th Century, where were its epicentres? A reasonable answer would have been the Paris of the Dreyfus trial and Vienna under its mayor Karl Lueger.
"People who should have known better gave it respectability and that created the climate for a great crime against humanity. And that is where we are today."
Antipathy and complacency, he said, has enabled it to return as it had in the 19th Centuries despite the fact that most Western societies had eliminated the hatreds of the pasts.
'Jews not safe in any European country'
He said: "Today there is hardly a country in the world, certainly not a single country in Europe, where Jews feel safe.
"It is hard to emphasize how serious this is, not just for Jews but for our shared humanity, and not for what it just represents now, but the danger it signals for the future.
"A society, or for that matter a political party, that tolerates anti-Semitism or any hate, has forfeited all moral credibility. You cannot build a future on the malign myths of the past. You can sustain freedom on the basis of hostility and hate."
SOME of the Jewish community believe wider society should observe the Noahide Laws which they claim are "pillars of human civilization" and as they say everyone is "descended from Noah", the Seven Laws of Noah should be for everyone. There is more information listed here.
Tagged as: Anti-semitism, Europe, Lord Singh of Wimbledon, Noahide Laws, Rabbi Jonathan Sacks, Warsaw Ghetto
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