text:
Madison, Ind.; The town that slept for a century - and the man who woke it up
By Maggie Lewis Staff correspondent of The Christian Science Monitor
Madison, Ind.
In 1848, the Rev. Thomas Craven founded the integrated Eleutherian College, a college for men and women, black and white. The college only lasted until the 1880s, presumably because it had no endowment, most of the alumni having been killed in the Civil War.
But back on a hill behind of the town of Madison, Ind., there is an old yellow stone building. On its front lawn sits a more recent but shabbier house. The stone building, the only leftover of Craven's enlightened effort, looks elegantly out of place in this overgrown back lot. The windows are vacant and the bell in the tower has not rung for 100 years, but it is not forgotten.
John Windle remembers it. Windle is president emeritus of Historic Madison Inc. HMI owns Eleutherian College, among other old Madison buildings. Windle himself lives in Shrewsbury House, one of Madison's first mansions, down by the Ohio River, and he doesn't seem to have forgotten anything that went on in the old houses of Madison since they started putting them up in 1806.
John Windle and Madison seem made for each other. Madison is a town time forgot, and Windle, an architecture expert and former librarian, is a history buff's history buff. It is hard to say whether Windle made Madison what it is today or Madison made Windle who he is today. It is easier to say they are both unique and that to meet up with one is to be introduced to the delights of the other.
He is white-haired and hawk-nosed, and is wearing, for the visit to Eleutherian College, a little black boatman's cap and blue blazer. On this outing, he is our captain. Windle had John Galvin, present president of HMI, stop the car on our way over. ''Look up,'' he instructed us, ''just above a place where a creek cuts through the hill. That was the men's dormitory. Can't think why they were so far away.'' We can't find it, but Windle won't be corrected. If there is a creek, it's there. Sure enough, after gazing into thick trees that grow on the hillside, the straight outlines of a stone pediment over a window could just be seen peeking out of the confusion of twigs and shrubs. Windle nodded as we excitedly announced this and we drove on.
Windle had always wanted to be an architect but didn't have the mathematical ability. ''Today it doesn't matter at all,'' he chuckles, ''you're probably better off.'' Instead, he became director of the reading room at the Newberry -Library, a humanities archives in Chicago. He was second in command, in charge of 50,000 volumes and artifacts. He ''had the fun,'' as he puts it, of organizing some of the first concerts of Renaissance music since the Renaissance using some of the old manuscripts in the collection and some of the best musicians in Chicago. In the 1940s, he was one of the few who acknowledged that there was any music before Bach.
Likewise, he bought the Shrewsbury House in 1948 and opened it as a house museum in Madison in 1950, before anyone had given much thought to restoration. The town was known by architecture scholars, but its only other house museum was the James F. D. Lanier mansion, given to the state by Lanier's granddaughter in 1925. Windle organized Historic Madison Inc. in 1960 to buy the Sullivan House, a Federal style mansion, which was in peril of being redone. HMI now owns a former pork-packing plant, an old herb warehouse, and several houses; it has a nationwide membership of 700 people, and cash assets of $600,000.
Visiting Eleutherian College with Windle, Galvin, and Frank Hurdis, who is just starting as director of HMI, you can see that the great love for the town's history that moved Windle to come down here in the first place still thrives. Madison was named a ''Main Street Town'' in 1977 -- part of a federal program run by the National Trust for Historic Preservation to revitalize the economies of three small historic towns by restoring their downtown areas and fighting the predations of out-of-town shopping malls on their revenues. In Madison, the National Trust didn't send a director; it hired HMI to do the work. Tom Moriarty , already recruited by Windle to direct HMI, ran it. The three-year federal program ended in 1980, and Moriarty joined the National Trust. HMI continues, and though Windle is president emeritus, he is still the dean of historic activities in Madison.
And if Windle represents the powers that be, Galvin, who sprints up the bell tower of the college to make sure it isn't ''taking water,'' is being curried to take over, and Hurdis, who is a Main Street employee but is also directing HMI, is so far still an observer.
John Windle walks up to the disused college the way a man might approach his racehorse. He seems to savor the very air around it with a quietly exultant look on his face, as though this relic of an idea whose time hadn't come makes him feel rich. It is a treasure to him, and if you look at him and then at the building, it glitters for you, too. You see the nice, true lines of the corners. This shows good craftsmanship, even though the building is just ''crick stone,'' Windle says. You admire the still-level front steps and the handsome tall doorway; and the dusty windows and grass growing on the doorstep don't matter. The yellowish stone glows quietly in the thin sunlight. Galvin and Hurdis range around, yelling out when they have found something interesting. Windle stands in the foyer, taking it all in contentedly.
Seeing something so old without helpful signs describing it and restrooms around the back, you feel the thrill of discovery. You have to figure out what they did here, and when you get close enough to see, you are enthralled. This is history in the rough. The big assembly room is empty except for some wrecked desks, county ledgers, and two little stoves, cast in Madison, which say ''Frost Killer'' on them. The windows are high, narrow, and graceful, expressions, no doubt, of Craven's hopes to give the illumination of a classical education to his integrated student body.
''It has a nice profile,'' says Windle with stolid affection as we trudge back to the car, turning our backs on this almost-lost memento of an era that just barely happened.
As we return from the expedition down a broad asphalt road that cuts through the strip of light industry and fast-food joints, he mentions in passing that this was the Michigan Trail -- a trail already beaten across Indiana by the Indians when the pioneers first struggled up the bluffs of the Ohio in the late 1700s. An ordinary-looking little house on the side of the road with an aluminum front door and a swing set was the first stone house in the area. Windle can't see very well anymore, so he doesn't bother to look out the window as he mentions what went on here. But he seems to be equipped with X-ray vision. Sitting with him as we speed along the back roads, you begin to see the 20th century as something you can peel back as easily as you could open an aluminum door. The place seems heaped with the leftovers of a century before.
Madison is particularly well endowed with old things. From its founding in 1809 until the 1850s, it boomed. Pioneers came down the Ohio River and got outfitted here before striking northwest along the Michigan Trail. An important river port, it was bigger than Indianapolis at one time. Then the railroads took over. In the 1840s, the population was around 40,000. Now the town has about 15,000 residents, and, still snuggled under the bluffs of the Ohio River in a finger of warmth that seeps up the valley from the South and allows magnolias to grow, it seems sleepy and Southern. Kentucky is just across the river.
It is not a bustling, thriving, go-getter of a town, and it is hard to say, from looking at it, how much effect the Main Street program has had here. The program is similar to downtown revitalization in cities. In small towns, ''downtown'' is usually just Main Street. The threat is not crime or urban blight but the ubiquitous shopping malls which have been drawing shoppers and their dollars out to their preserves at the intersections of large highways. If allowed to fall into disuse, the Main Streets and the towns themselves lose their value as social centers. The Main Street program encourages towns to fight back, using the same tactics as the malls to compete with them. A National Trust brochure explaining the program points out that malls have unified advertising promotions and sign design, coordinated hours, and security. A single management decides on a proper mix of stores. The unified management is seen as the answer for Main Street as well. And public relations plays a big part. ''Image -- the crucial factor in selling anything. The mall has to manufacture it. Main Street already has it!'' the brochure enthuses. ''Variety. Local tradition. The most effective image for Main Street is its own past.''
Thanks to Windle, Madison's ''own past'' was already important to it when the project began. In fact, Windle's influence has kept the accent on history, not on commerce. To some, he is the genius who saved Madison. Others feel too much emphasis on preservation has kept the town as quiet and slow as a museum. The all-important image the brochure touts is also a mixed one.
Madison's Main Street is broad, edged in old brick buildings, and washed in sugary sunlight. There are some new small signs that don't get in the way of the architectural details. The fancy brickwork has been treated kindly, and ironwork tendrils twine everywhere. The buildings' facades are all dressed up in brick garlands and gewgaws and plaster flower bunches and rosettes, as if they were all going to a fancy Victorian ball. But people around here stopped carrying on like that in the 1870s. In a lofty glass window surrounded by elegant pilasters and topped with ornate capitals hangs an immense pair of denim overalls -- the standard sign for a work clothes store. This is not a tourist town by any means. There are few boutiques. There is an appliance store, some drugstores, a five-and-ten, and so on. Serving several rural counties in Kentucky and Indiana, it offers good, solid, inexpensive items such as appliances and distressed freight.
Working all day between such elegant pilasters, you would expect the shop attendants to wear white gloves, high collars, and top hats, but mostly they're in polyester and Caterpillar caps and don't seem the slightest bit distracted by the finery around them. They are the heirs of a town built in a spurt of wealth by a new aristocracy that faded out as quickly as it sprang up. Likewise, the economic challenges of 1980s Madison contrast with the 1850s, when Madison got rich quick; the steamboat era when America was still hurtling toward what looked to the pioneers like a limitless frontier.
John Galvin, besides taking over the running of Historic Madison Inc., owns the movie theater. He sits in his office overlooking the street, the venetian blinds drawn against the afternoon light. ''What did you think when you first came in?'' he asks. ''Did you wonder what all the fuss was about?'' I admit I did. That's just what he wants to hear.
''When you first come in and look at it, you don't see anything unusual. It's not cutesy,'' he says. What I see as a mix of the mundane and the glorious, he calls ''the purity of the place. This is not a Williamsburg.''
Galvin is a businessman, not a history buff. He points out how it made sense for him in terms of ''sheer economics'' to keep his movie theater on Main Street rather than build a bigger one on the ''strip'' up on the bluff -- where all the chain stores, fast-food outfits, and industry in Madison have developed. For one thing, building costs are too high. For another, business with Kentucky, right across the river, might be lost if he removed to the bluff. The third reason is that powerful image of the past. To Galvin, aesthetics is fine, but this makes sense in a practical way. ''Cincinnati has its riverfront stadium; Columbus, Indiana, has its 'Athens of the prairie'; Greensburg (Ind.)m has its tree growing out of the courthouse roof. . . . So what does Madison have? Madison has significant architecture, so let's utilize that, tell people about it, and hopefully they will find it's a more pleasant place to shop. . . .''
There are those who say this practical attitude has been too long in coming, that Madison has been in John Windle's pocket for too long and that the historical image is thriving at the expense of business. Harold Gossman, executive vice-president of Madison's Chamber of Commerce, says HMI's policies are too conservationist, too binding on businesses and homeowners. The city's new master plan, he complains, doesn't allow enough flexibility in tearing down or reusing old buildings. Having been the vice-president of Indiana's Historic Landmarks Commission, he says, ''I came to Madison to learn from them.'' In Indianapolis, he says, he was considered a conservationist, keeping valuable buildings from being torn down. Here, he feels the opposite. ''I don't think too many people have thought about the economic side'' of the Main Street project, he says. He feels that Madison's high unemployment rate -- like that of many other Midwestern towns -- has been ignored too long. There is a Cummins -Engine Company plant coming next month, but Madison could have used it a year ago. Madison works too slowly, he says, losing all its young people because of lack of opportunity.
''The town was dormant for 100 years,'' says Tom Moriarty. Poverty hit Madison in the 1870s when the railroads passed it by, and again with the 1930s' depression. This was provident for historians -- there just wasn't enough money to tear down all the lovely brick storefronts and old houses with their curlicues of iron, even if people had wanted to. A doctor's office was closed in 1903, when the doctor died, by his daughters. It stayed closed until 1973, when HMI opened it as a museum. It displays hand-woven linen sheets and wool blankets , medicines, and equipment, all of which had merely to be unpacked.
But Madison could never hold its young people. Now, they are beginning to come back, partly because of the Main Street project, partly because they, like others across the country, don't want to live in big cities. Jeff Garrett, who came back to work with his father in a TV and appliance store from a job in hotel management in West Lafayette, Ind., took an 80 percent cut in pay to do so. He's glad he did. He's happy that he has so many friends that it takes him an hour to get to the bank. He says he and his wife get along better now they are back in their hometown and involved in church and civic activities. In Tom Moriarty's opinion, Windle's generation is passing the power to Garrett's.
Garrett's friend Kevin Walker, who moved here in 1980, would disagree. At least, he doesn't feel power is being passed. He, like Gossman, feels that the ''old guard'' was interested in getting help for historical efforts in Madison, but not in following the advice of financial and land-use reports that suggested spending money and changing business practices. ''Miller, Wihry & Lee, the consulting firm that did it (the land-use report), came and gave 12 copies to 12 people in town and they just stuffed it in their back pocket or on their shelf and never said high, low, or turkey about it. So basically the community wasn't aware of what was offered to them.''
Tom Moriarty says the Miller, Wihry & Lee study and the economic study were put on file in the library, and that the real reason nothing was done was that there was a hiatus after he left and before Frank Hurdis arrived. He points out that Jeff Garrett and other young businessmen stepped in and took over the tree-planting project and began studying up on the business suggestions. But Walker and Gossman are still exasperated that things haven't moved faster.
Perhaps if you live in the Shrewsbury mansion you have a different sense of time. The mansion, built in the Classical revival style by the architect Francis Costigan, who studied with Benjamin Latrobe (he designed the Washington Monument and built the Capitol Building, among other things), had only been owned by three others in 100 years when the Windles bought it in 1948. It is one of the most important pieces of architecture in the old Northwest Territory. It has a free-standing spiral staircase that curves up three stories to a skylight, which, in the summer when the skylight is open, acts as a chimney for hot air. The fireplaces are designed in the most modern, efficient way -- the way they made them during the Napoleonic era in France. Through a little opening at the back, they draw cold air off the floor and up the ceiling, circulating the heat. On the outside the house is a venerable red brick that was hand polished, brick by brick, to make it impervious to water; so the original paint in the drawing room, which Costigan mixed himself, is still there.
I sit in one of its lofty, dim parlors with John Windle while visitors traipse in and out, look up the stairs and gasp, and tread the red carpeted steps up to the ballroom, with one or the other of the Windles in attendance.
It is a stunning piece of craftsmanship. Rather than adopt a lordly manner, Windle likes to step back and let you admire the details. He is the perfect curator for a house museum, a combination of wise guide and cordial host. He seems to judge by how people come in the door how much they will want to know, and treats one and all with the best of manners, even the ladies who, he remarks after coming back to the other side of the velvet rope and settling back down, ''aren't interested in history'' -- something unimaginable to him.
He is a wonderful teacher, interrupting the interview to take me into the beautiful drawing room and have me stand in it to get a feeling for how high the ceiling is; then he took me out into the hall. Both ceilings were the same height, but Costigan's pilasters lined up in the drawing room make it look at least five feet higher. An optical illusion. I am amazed. Windle smiles. ''He's working, oh, he's working,'' he says.
Living in such a work is ''very exciting. We keep learning what the architect did. The paper work that went into it is prodigious. They knew exactly where they were going, long before they started. We don't anymore. We draw up rough drawings and work from those. . . .'' The doorbell, which still works, has a wire that goes down to the basement and comes back up to ring a bell in the kitchen. The basement walls are 27 inches of masonry, brick, and stone. ''When they were laying those masonry foundation walls there wasn't a stick of wood anywhere in the house, and yet they knew exactly where the wire was going through, and they left a little hole about an inch in diameter for that wire,'' says Windle.
Such delights can be overlooked if you grow up next door to them. ''You see, '' Windle says, ''Madison went through a period of poverty. The poverty lasted until World War I, and it meant that the people living in town up until that time were tired of not being able to buy new things. They were depressed by old things. They wanted something new. And it sort of took a reversal of public opinion to get rid of that feeling of lethargy and discontent to develop an appreciation of what actually is here.''
The house was built at a propitious time. Costigan had at his command 100 highly skilled workers who had learned their trade making riverboats, so they were used to fine, detailed work. And there was so much yellow poplar, Windle says, that builders working on big houses like the Shrewsbury mansion would have a bonfire burning the whole time. Anything a mite less than perfect was tossed in. ''If we had today what went into the bonfire, we'd be so much better off than we are,'' Windle says.
What we do have is 12-foot-high doors that haven't warped, unpainted window frames that are still in good shape, tokens from a brief and glorious past that can still be appreciated. Most important, Madison does appreciate it, and its mansions are still standing.
The town is like Rip van Winkle. But most real-life Rip van Winkles wake up and, as quickly as possible, trade in their old homespun clothes for polyester. Madison stayed old-fashioned, and is still waking up. The Windles convinced Madisonians that they had something here before they got a chance to wreak 1950s havoc on 1850s buildings. ''We have brought in outside speakers from every place over a period of 20 years, and those speakers have talked about what Madison has and what it could do. That whole process, that infiltrating of a 20 -year period, I think probably has been of some use,'' he says, playing down his part in Madison's salvation with the manners of any good host.
Some would say that Windle, far from saving it, kept Madison asleep. But Tom Moriarty says ''He's the only authentic genius I've ever met.'' Windle, he explains, decided a long time ago how he was going to change Madison, and doesn't worry about people's opinions of his methods.
''This was a typical river town,'' says Joe Eckert, a retired sheet-metal worker, or ''tinner,'' as he calls himself, who lives in a little house down by the river. We are sitting in the shed behind his house where he makes copper steamboat models. He remembers the old days: ''Nobody was interested too much in progress, you know. They just went along, take it as she comes. She was a good place to come back to. You'd leave and you'd get away from it, then, no work, and you'd head back to Madison. You couldn't make much money, but you could make a living.'' He misses the times of poverty, because he and his friends were so happy hunting, fishing, and visiting.They always had enough to eat -- ''no frills,'' he says, but that didn't matter.
He doesn't like the way Madison is so ''crowded'' and ''nobody has time for anything.'' But he likes Windle's idea of progress. ''I never did care too much for the new.'' His mother liked old furniture, and ''after you get it in your blood, you have a warm feeling.'' Besides, the old houses gave him work; he put in the first furnaces some of them ever had. ''Until Windle came to town, nobody paid any attention to 'em,'' he says. ''That man came to town, and they were tearing these old houses down, one right after another. He got them interested in preserving them and you'll find right in this town today, guys'll knock him instead of give him credit. He achieved recognition all over the country. We're in the National Register and stuff.''
Everyone always knew Madison was old, he says, ''But as far as anybody doing anything about it, it took Windle to wake 'em up.''
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Shabbat Terumah
Candles 5:16pm
Havdalah 6:13pm
Remember the Gohari and Dror families are giving us a big Kiddush this coming Shabbat. Please bring your friends.
What are we to make of the two golden Cherubs the Torah commanded Moshe to have made to be placed on top of the Ark? The Torah says they faced each other from the edges of the Ark and their wings spread over the cover of the Ark. covered the Ark. Anyone familiar with archaeology will know that throughout the Middle East thousands of years ago, kings, priests and animals were depicted with wings. It is thought that the wings represented rising above the material world or that they indicated Divine power.
But if the Torah is so insistent that we may neither make nor have images of anything on earth, in the Heavens or Seas, why these Cherubs? The Midrash explains that the cherubs represented not gods but the Jewish people under God. When the people were united so too were the Cherubs. But when they were divided, the Cherubs remained apart too.
In early philosophy there was a debate as to how we humans learned things. Augustine said that we are born with a brain like a clean sheet and over time it gets written on as we experience new things. In fact Pirkei Avot says something like this comparing learning in one's youth to writing on a clean sheet.
But if we only learn from what we experience where does instinct come in and imagination? Where do we get the idea of flying unicorns or Dumbo from? The answer is that the brain combines elements it has seen to put together something fantastical.
Precisely because there are no flying human bodies, that is why this image was used to convey the idea that religious experience, too, is quite unlike anything we humans come across in our normal physical lives. In order to appreciate the Divine, we need to soar above the physical world, using our imagination and sense of poetry and wonder. We humans have the spiritual imagination, if only we use it, to rise above the mundane.
Shabbat Tetzaveh, Shabbat Zachor
Shabbat Mishpatim
Shabbat Yitro

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FacultyUP — Universidad del Pacífico Inicio
Centros / Unidades / Programas
Finite mixture of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions using the k-bumps algorithm
Luis Benites, Rocío Maehara, Filidor Vilca, Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos
Resultado de la investigación: Contribución a una revista › Artículo de revista › revisión exhaustiva
Mixture models have received a great deal of attention in statistics due to the wide range of applications found in recent years. This paper discusses a finite mixture model of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions with G components, which is an important supplement to that developed by Balakrishnan et al. (J Stat Plann Infer 141:2175–2190, 2011) who considered a model with two components. Our proposal enables the modeling of proper multimodal scenarios with greater flexibility for a model with two or more components, where a partitional clustering method, named k-bumps, is used as an initialization strategy in the proposed EM algorithm to the maximum likelihood estimates of the mixture parameters. Moreover, the empirical information matrix is derived analytically to account for standard error, and bootstrap procedures for testing hypotheses about the number of components in the mixture are implemented. Finally, we perform simulation studies to evaluate the results and analyze two real dataset to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method.
Número de artículo
Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice
Publicada - jun. 2022
Nota bibliográfica
Note that a pre-print version of this manuscript can be found at https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.00476. The current published article is thus an improved and updated version of that work and should become the key reference relating to that work. The computer program, coded in the R language, is available from the first author upon request. We also thank Alejandro Aybar Flores from Universidad del Pacífico for his help in the Shiny app. The authors thank Joan Gladwyn (https://properwords.co.nz/) for proofreading this manuscript.
© 2022, Grace Scientific Publishing.
https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/18ccefba-fd57-3685-89dd-cf8350bd1e95/
Profundice en los temas de investigación de 'Finite mixture of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions using the k-bumps algorithm'. En conjunto forman una huella única.
Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution Matemáticas 100%
Finite Mixture Matemáticas 85%
Clustering Methods Matemáticas 31%
Finite Mixture Models Matemáticas 30%
Initialization Matemáticas 28%
Testing Hypotheses Matemáticas 28%
Information Matrix Matemáticas 27%
Number of Components Matemáticas 26%
Actividades por año 2021 2021 2021
1 Participación en un evento como expositor, comentarista, panelista
Finite Mixture of Birnbaum-Saunders distributions using the k-bumps algorithm
Rocío Paola Maehara Aliaga (Expositor)
Actividad: Participación en un evento › Participación en un evento como expositor, comentarista, panelista
Publicaciones por año 2017 2017 2017
1 Otra contribución
Publicaciones por año
Finite mixture of Birnbaum-Saunders distributions using the k bumps algorithm
Benites, L., Maehara, R., Vilca, F. & Marmolejo-Ramos, F., 1 ago. 2017, 23 p. Cornell University.
Resultado de la investigación: Otra contribución
Birnbaum-Saunders Distribution 100%
Finite Mixture 85%
Initialization 57%
EM Algorithm 50%
Finite Mixture Models 30%
Benites, L., Maehara, R., Vilca, F., & Marmolejo-Ramos, F. (2022). Finite mixture of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions using the k-bumps algorithm. Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice, 16(2), [17]. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42519-022-00245-z
Benites, Luis ; Maehara, Rocío ; Vilca, Filidor et al. / Finite mixture of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions using the k-bumps algorithm. En: Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice. 2022 ; Vol. 16, N.º 2.
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title = "Finite mixture of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions using the k-bumps algorithm",
abstract = "Mixture models have received a great deal of attention in statistics due to the wide range of applications found in recent years. This paper discusses a finite mixture model of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions with G components, which is an important supplement to that developed by Balakrishnan et al. (J Stat Plann Infer 141:2175–2190, 2011) who considered a model with two components. Our proposal enables the modeling of proper multimodal scenarios with greater flexibility for a model with two or more components, where a partitional clustering method, named k-bumps, is used as an initialization strategy in the proposed EM algorithm to the maximum likelihood estimates of the mixture parameters. Moreover, the empirical information matrix is derived analytically to account for standard error, and bootstrap procedures for testing hypotheses about the number of components in the mixture are implemented. Finally, we perform simulation studies to evaluate the results and analyze two real dataset to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method.",
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author = "Luis Benites and Roc{\'i}o Maehara and Filidor Vilca and Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos",
note = "Funding Information: Note that a pre-print version of this manuscript can be found at https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.00476. The current published article is thus an improved and updated version of that work and should become the key reference relating to that work. The computer program, coded in the R language, is available from the first author upon request. We also thank Alejandro Aybar Flores from Universidad del Pac{\'i}fico for his help in the Shiny app. The authors thank Joan Gladwyn (https://properwords.co.nz/) for proofreading this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, Grace Scientific Publishing.",
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Benites, L, Maehara, R, Vilca, F & Marmolejo-Ramos, F 2022, 'Finite mixture of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions using the k-bumps algorithm', Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice, vol. 16, n.º 2, 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42519-022-00245-z
Finite mixture of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions using the k-bumps algorithm. / Benites, Luis; Maehara, Rocío; Vilca, Filidor et al.
En: Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice, Vol. 16, N.º 2, 17, 06.2022.
T1 - Finite mixture of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions using the k-bumps algorithm
AU - Benites, Luis
AU - Maehara, Rocío
AU - Vilca, Filidor
AU - Marmolejo-Ramos, Fernando
N1 - Funding Information: Note that a pre-print version of this manuscript can be found at https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.00476. The current published article is thus an improved and updated version of that work and should become the key reference relating to that work. The computer program, coded in the R language, is available from the first author upon request. We also thank Alejandro Aybar Flores from Universidad del Pacífico for his help in the Shiny app. The authors thank Joan Gladwyn (https://properwords.co.nz/) for proofreading this manuscript. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, Grace Scientific Publishing.
N2 - Mixture models have received a great deal of attention in statistics due to the wide range of applications found in recent years. This paper discusses a finite mixture model of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions with G components, which is an important supplement to that developed by Balakrishnan et al. (J Stat Plann Infer 141:2175–2190, 2011) who considered a model with two components. Our proposal enables the modeling of proper multimodal scenarios with greater flexibility for a model with two or more components, where a partitional clustering method, named k-bumps, is used as an initialization strategy in the proposed EM algorithm to the maximum likelihood estimates of the mixture parameters. Moreover, the empirical information matrix is derived analytically to account for standard error, and bootstrap procedures for testing hypotheses about the number of components in the mixture are implemented. Finally, we perform simulation studies to evaluate the results and analyze two real dataset to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method.
AB - Mixture models have received a great deal of attention in statistics due to the wide range of applications found in recent years. This paper discusses a finite mixture model of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions with G components, which is an important supplement to that developed by Balakrishnan et al. (J Stat Plann Infer 141:2175–2190, 2011) who considered a model with two components. Our proposal enables the modeling of proper multimodal scenarios with greater flexibility for a model with two or more components, where a partitional clustering method, named k-bumps, is used as an initialization strategy in the proposed EM algorithm to the maximum likelihood estimates of the mixture parameters. Moreover, the empirical information matrix is derived analytically to account for standard error, and bootstrap procedures for testing hypotheses about the number of components in the mixture are implemented. Finally, we perform simulation studies to evaluate the results and analyze two real dataset to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed method.
KW - Birnbaum–Saunders distribution
KW - EM algorithm
KW - Finite mixture
KW - k-bumps algorithm
KW - Maximum likelihood estimation
UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/18ccefba-fd57-3685-89dd-cf8350bd1e95/
M3 - Artículo de revista
JO - Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice
JF - Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice
Benites L, Maehara R, Vilca F, Marmolejo-Ramos F. Finite mixture of Birnbaum–Saunders distributions using the k-bumps algorithm. Journal of Statistical Theory and Practice. 2022 Jun.;16(2):17. doi: 10.1007/s42519-022-00245-z


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Perennial Public Power District
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Continued Rate Reduction for 2023
Matthew Moffitt, General Manager
I am sure one topic we all have in common and can relate to is the continual price increase in almost everything we need or want in our daily lives, not to mention the challenge of procuring these goods and services. The aforementioned was magnified by the storms Perennial Public Power District (Perennial) experienced in 2022. These storms cost Perennial roughly $1.2 million dollars and drastically depleted its material stock levels. Although almost all of Perennial's uncontrollable operating expenses continue to rise to higher levels, and with the addition of the unforeseen expense of the storms, we are proud of the fact that next year will be Perennial's 10th consecutive year without a base rate increase.
I have more good news, in addition to not having to raise base electric rates next year, your board of directors approved continuing to reduce your rates by returning a Production Cost Adjustment (PCA) in 2023. The PCA returned to you in 2023 will be a credit of $0.002450 per kilowatt-hour and reflects 50% of the rate Perennial returned in 2022. Every year Perennial's wholesale power provider, Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD), uses cost projections to set rates and budgets on historic data to predict its revenue and expenses. Many of their assumptions are similar to the assumptions or variables we use to set Perennial's rates and budgets, such as historic revenue, expenses, weather, and work plan to name a few. However, one unique variable NPPD has had over the last few years is the ability to realize surplus margins through the selling of excess power into the regional market, as well as the operation of their power plants and transmission system. Recently, NPPD announced its plan for a one-year refund of surplus margins (PCA) to Perennial and other wholesale customers in 2023. Perennial's 2023 PCA rate that will be credited back to you is closely derived from this plan. The PCA is not a permanent credit, and whether a credit will be seen in 2024 is not certain.
What is certain is that Perennial continues to evaluate, plan, and adjust its operations to minimize the effects of the uncontrollable historic high inflationary environment we are experiencing. The value of stable prices, especially during today's climate, is extremely valuable. I take great pride in delivering this message to you, and that we are here for you to provide a safe and reliable service at a value. Perennial could not have accomplished this no rate increase and rate decrease streak without the dedication of Perennial's employees, the guidance of Perennial's board of directors, and having NPPD as a wholesale power provider. If we could keep the cost of groceries, rent, fuel and other household monthly expenses the same for 10-years, most of us would welcome the stability.
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Fire Prevention & Protection, Firefighting
February 20th Marks 10th Anniversary of Station Nightclub Fire
Shortly after 11pm on Thursday, February 20, 2003 a fire at the Station Nightclub in West Warwick, Rhode Island left 100 dead and many more injured. This fire, which occurred 10 years ago, was one of the deadliest nightclub fires in the history of the United States.
"Inadequate fire protection features were a major contributing factor to the significant number of deaths and injuries," said Chris Jelenewicz, Engineering Program Manager with the Bethesda, Maryland-Based Society of Fire Protection Engineers. "It's uncanny how almost 10 years later we saw similar fire protection flaws at a Brazilian nightclub where over 230 died."
The Station Nightclub was a one-story, wood frame building that regularly hosted live band performances. The fire started on stage while a rock band was playing.
Fire investigators determined the fire started when pyrotechnics used during the band's performance ignited polyurethane foam that lined parts of the nightclub's walls and ceilings. After ignition, the fire spread quickly along the ceiling and throughout the building. Within seconds, conditions in the building became deadly and flames were observed breaking through the roof in less than five minutes after the fire started.
Over 440 people occupied the building at the time of the fire. Most of the occupants tried to exit through the main front doorway. This doorway quickly became jammed with occupants trying to exit the building.
Moreover, the building was not equipped with an automatic fire sprinkler system.
"Because the fire and smoke spread so quickly and the building was not equipped with a fire suppression system, the building occupants just didn't have enough time to get out alive," said Jelenewicz.
As a result of this fire, many building requirements were enhanced to make nightclubs safer from fire. Some of these requirements included provisions for automatic fire sprinklers in new and existing nightclubs and a requirement to have crowd managers present to assist with emergency building evacuations.
The Station Nightclub fire investigation was performed using cutting-edge fire protection engineering tools. After the station nightclub fire, fire protection engineers used computer fire models along with full scale fire tests to analyze how the fire spread through the building. Additional information about this investigation can be found in Fire Protection Engineering magazine at http://magazine.sfpe.org/fire-modeling/nist-station-nightclub-fire-investigation-physical-simulation-fire.
On January 27, 2013 a nightclub fire in Santa Maria, Brazil left over 230 dead. Similar circumstances such as overcrowding, inadequate building exits, indoor pyrotechnics, flammable wall finish and a lack of fire suppression systems played a role in the high number of deaths.
"The Station Nightclub Fire and the recent nightclub fire that occurred in Brazil remind us of the threat that is posed by fire and the importance of designing buildings that that keep people safe from fire," said Jelenewicz.
Jelenewicz cautions that despite the fact that fire protection engineers are working hard to improve nightclub fire safety, it's important to remain vigilant when you enter a nightclub. He offers these fire safety tips.
Situational awareness is important. That is, know and understand what is happening around you.
Your senses can alert you that a fire or other building emergency is occurring in the building. If you hear the building's fire alarm/emergency communication system or people screaming, see smoke or fire, and/or smell smoke evacuate the building immediately.
When you enter a nightclub look for an alternate way to evacuate the building if an emergency occurs. When fires do occur in nightclubs, occupants tend to evacuate by the same way they came into the building. This often causes a condition where the exit doors become jammed and unusable. So knowing an alternative means to evacuate could save your live.
If the nightclub appears to be so overcrowded that you feel uncomfortable leave the building immediately.
During building emergencies always follow the directions that are given by the building's emergency notification system and/or the building staff.
fire dynamics


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Daniel Flynn: What San Francisco Travelers Won't See at the Harvey Milk Airport Terminal
ISI Books
Daniel J. Flynn
San Francisco International Airport officials ask the public to submit photographs for the next two months for consideration for permanent display in the Harvey B. Milk Terminal. The San Francisco Board of Supervisors, the same governing body on which Milk and his assassin once sat, voted to name Terminal 1 in honor of the gay-rights activist earlier this year.
"The images will be reproduced at approximately 14"x 20" and interspersed with informational text," the call for photographs informs. "Each selected contributor will receive an honorarium in the amount of $500 per image selected for Exhibition Phase 2 and will be credited in the exhibition space."
One photograph not likely to find itself included in the exhibit shows Harvey Milk speaking passionately in support of Jim Jones while inside a raucous rally at Peoples Temple in the summer of 1977. When a New West magazine exposé charged Peoples Temple with financially exploiting members, staging fake faith healings, and even ordering the beating of a teenage lesbian for hugging a woman, many politicians ran from Jim Jones. Harvey Milk rushed to his defense. As he had earlier written Jones, "The first time I heard you you made a statement[:] 'Take one of us and you must take all of us.' Please add my name."
Milk, good to his word, remained loyal. But even as interest in his life has exploded along with the success of the gay-rights movement that he once served, this puzzling alliance remains off limits. From the Academy Award-winning Harvey Fierstein-narrated Times of Harvey Milk documentary, which mentions the Jonestown tragedy in passing without noting the supervisor's alliance with Jones, to the Oscar-winning biopic Milk starring Sean Penn, chroniclers of Milk's life delicately avoid the subject of Harvey Milk's relationship with Jim Jones.
In researching Cult City: Jim Jones, Harvey Milk, and 10 Days That Shook San Francisco, I discovered that research institutions overflow with correspondence from Harvey Milk to Jim Jones and to powerful leaders in praise of Jim Jones. Although many San Francisco pols associated with Jones to one degree or another, Milk, along with future San Francisco mayor Willie Brown and local power-broker Carlton Goodlett, acted most zealously and uncritically in promoting the Peoples Temple leader.
"Such greatness I have found at Jim Jones' Peoples' Temple," Milk gushed in a letter to Guyanese Prime Minister Forbes Burnham. To Jimmy Carter, the president of the United States, Milk wrote: "Rev. Jones is widely known in the minority communities here and elsewhere as a man of the highest character, who has undertaken constructive remedies for social problems which have been amazing in their scope and effectiveness." To Joseph Califano, the secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, he remarkably described Peoples Temple as "the first to defend the constitutional rights of others," Jonestown as "a beautiful retirement community in Guyana," and the group, which imported food into its agricultural project until the end, as "alleviating the world food crisis."
Though Milk issued effusive praise for Jones and Jones spoke of Milk as "one of our deepest supporters," the relationship was also transactional.
Jim Jones provided Harvey Milk a printing press, conscripted campaign "volunteers," and free publicity. When Milk needed entertainment for a street fair he had organized, Peoples Temple provided professional-level entertainers. After one of Milk's lovers took his own life, the Temple sent dozens of condolence letters from Guyana with the stated expectation that he might visit or even come to live in the jungle commune.
In exchange, Milk provided Jones legitimacy. When former Peoples Temple members accused the group of fraud, beatings, and other criminal activities, Milk rushed to his patron's defense. He wrote to New West objecting to the magazine's investigation. In his letter to Jimmy Carter, whose wife knew Jones personally, Milk pleaded with the president to not intervene in an intercontinental custody battle that pitted a boy's parents against Jones, his kidnapper. Carter's State Department took Jones's side, and the boy, John Victor Stoen, died in Jonestown without ever seeing his parents again.
The last place in the United States where so many of the poisoned Peoples Temple members stepped foot was San Francisco International Airport. It was here where Tim Stoen plaintively petitioned Jim Jones to deliver his son, instructing him to inform him of "the exact time and flight of John Victor's arrival at San Francisco International Airport." But six-year-old John Victor Stoen never arrived at San Francisco International Airport.
Forty years after his death, the man who judged Stoen's father as guilty of "bold-faced lies" and portrayed his mother as engaging in "blackmail" posthumously graces an SFO terminal with his name. The pictures that soon accompany it will undoubtedly tell only part of the story.
Daniel J. Flynn is the author of Cult City: Jim Jones, Harvey Milk, and 10 Days That Shook San Francisco (ISI Books, 2018).
FaithPoliticsDaniel J. FlynnHarvey MilkJim JonesPeoples TempleSan Francisco


I respect my colleague Trapeze Artist, as an athlete and as a horse. He is a good boy with fine strong teeth, but I disagree with his views on this Opera House controversy.
Ever thought of owning your very own ABC Radio National? How about Costa Georgiadis' beard? Well come on down — the prices have never been better or the impact on national media more undervalued!
With claims that the amount of Liberal women in parliament is the lowest in 20 years, the Liberal Party has drawn up a list of suggested amendments to its policies, including a "700% increase in MPs' cosmetics allowance".
Mark Latham and Alan Jones aren't the only ones releasing a cookbook marketed to men whose Twitter profiles feature Donald Trump.
Something is amiss with people of child-bearing age in Tasmania.
Including an entire subject dedicated to the history of mateship! How to make mates and how to be a mate. Plus great mates throughout history.


This entry was posted in Songs and tagged Aoi Shouta, Aoi Shouta Mini Album: Blue Bird, English, English Translation, Kimi no Tonari de, Male, Male song, Seiyuu, Song, Translation by shyuu. Bookmark the permalink.
I know this post is a few months old now but I wanted to thank you for translating those songs ! I really love Aoi and I'm glad I know what the songs are about now :3 thanks a lot !
It doesn't matter when you reply, everyone finds sites whenever they search for something, not when the pages are actually posted.


For anyone who has had the opportunity to visit Camp Akita, Rachel Carson points out something that we have all experienced. Camp Akita is a natural wonderland containing wildlife, geology and views that make it a sanctuary for all. Located in the Appalachian Plateau, Akita contains a tremendous variety of plants, animals, fungi and rocks. The property is heavily wooded, dominated by hills containing deep bedrock valleys. Some hilltops in the area are 1200 to 1400 feet above sea level. Second growth forest covers most of camp with a mix of Oaks, Hickories, Maples, Beeches and Pines.
Due to the ruggedness of the landscape, Camp Akita contains a greater diversity of plants and animals then many other places in North America. Some very rare plant species can be found growing on the Camp Akita property as well as an array of beautiful wildflowers. Camp is also home to many large animals including: white tailed deer, fox, coyotes, great horned owls, osprey, bats, snakes, opossums and raccoons. The lake and creeks are full of wildlife as too, supporting: crayfish, bass, bluegill, frogs and salamanders.
Several years ago, a nature cabin was created at camp in the old boy's Cabin 2 in the hopes of inspiring young people to contemplate the beauty of earth. Since its inception the nature cabin has grown leaps and bounds and is responsible for sparking curiosity in campers for the natural world around them.
In a day and age where children are spending more and more time indoors, Camp Akita and the nature cabin stand as catalysts for children to experience the great outdoors. The nature cabin offers a safe, up-close, hands on look at the multitude of plants, animals and natural items camp has to offer.
The natural discoveries made by campers during their time at camp will give them a greater appreciation for the natural world and how we as humans fit into the greater ecology of earth. The beauty and awe of Camp Akita has inspired many generations to return to its sanctuary to contemplate the beauty of earth and rediscover its reserves of strength. With the addition of the nature cabin and renewed reemphasis on outdoor education, Camp Akita will continue to inspire generations to come.


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Latest False Fact-checks in New York
stated on January 4, 2022 in an ad:
stated on December 20, 2021 in an interview on MSNBC's "Morning Joe":
"I represent more, or just as many or more, people than Joe Manchin does."
By Louis Jacobson • December 22, 2021
Byron Brown
stated on September 9, 2021 in a debate:
"Three percent is not a modest tax increase, if you own a $100,000 home in the city of Buffalo, that means an extra $300 a year."
stated on September 26, 2021 in a speech:
"My opponent's plan for people who commit sexual assault, sexual predators, is no jail time."
stated on September 13, 2021 in a Facebook post:
Says Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez spent $30,000 to attend the Met Gala and "God knows how much on that dress."
By Ciara O'Rourke • September 16, 2021
stated on August 10, 2021 in a Facebook post:
Says Kathy Hochul is Nancy Pelosi's stepsister.
By Ciara O'Rourke • August 11, 2021
stated on June 15, 2021 in a Facebook post:
"Cuomo opens New York 72 hours before his daughter's wedding."
By Madison Czopek • June 17, 2021
stated on May 18, 2021 in a news conference:
"The one good thing about the antibodies if you've had it, is it actually is even better than the vaccine, and here's why. With the vaccine you can still transmit, with the antibodies you can't transmit."
"Law enforcement violence is the leading cause of death for young Black men and women in the US."
New York "is trying to pass a bill that would allow them to round up non mask wearers and people who don't want to take the vaccine into concentration camps. Then with a court order they can force vaccinate you."
Rick Scott
stated on November 16, 2020 in a television interview:
Says Charles Schumer supports "putting everybody on the Medicare system. He wants the Green New Deal … reduce funding for the police."
stated on October 29, 2020 in a tweet:
Queens voters received pre-marked ballots for Joe Biden.
By Hayat Norimine • November 1, 2020
Michael Caputo
stated on September 13, 2020 in a Facebook video:
"There are hit squads being trained all over this country" to violently oppose a second term for President Donald Trump.
By Bill McCarthy • September 17, 2020
Says a Twitter account for "Scarsdale NY Antifa" tweeted that "chapters of Antifa around Oregon have collaborated to ignite fires around the state."
stated on August 20, 2020 in a speech:
"Cuomo ended cash bail ... and now the crime rate has gone through the roof."
Tom Reed
stated on July 9, 2020 in a news conference:
Opening the schools "is a local determination, but it's not a state determination."
By Jill Terreri Ramos • July 18, 2020
New York state "hospitals reporting thousands of fungus lung infections due to wearing a mask!!"
By Ciara O'Rourke • July 7, 2020
stated on June 17, 2020 in an ad:
"As a lawyer working in Korea, Nate McMurray helped send American jobs to Asia"
By Jill Terreri Ramos • June 20, 2020
stated on June 9, 2020 in a tweet:
"Buffalo protester shoved by Police could be an ANTIFA provocateur. 75 year old Martin Gugino was pushed away after appearing to scan police communications in order to black out the equipment ... Was aiming scanner. Could be a set up?"
By Bill McCarthy • June 9, 2020
stated on May 18, 2020 in a Facebook post:
Texas and Florida have a "balanced budget" while California is "in debt $54 billion and New York is "in debt $6.1 billion."
By Amy Sherman • May 26, 2020
stated on May 7, 2020 in a letter:
"States like New York, Illinois and California have been vocal in their demands for funding to bail out their pension systems, which were failing long before the COVID-19 outbreak, and other programs that aren't related to this crisis."
If masks prevent coronavirus, governors would have given them to prison inmates instead of releasing them.
By Tom Kertscher • May 19, 2020
stated on April 10, 2020 in a Facebook post:
Herd immunity is probably why California has far fewer COVID-19 deaths than New York.
By Tom Kertscher • April 21, 2020
Jerome Adams
stated on March 27, 2020 in a television interview:
"They're furloughing nurses in hospitals in western New York state."
By Jill Terreri Ramos • April 2, 2020
stated on March 24, 2020 in a Fox News town hall:
Says N.Y. Gov. Andrew Cuomo "rejected buying recommended 16,000 ventilators in 2015 for the pandemic, for a pandemic, established death panels and lotteries instead. So, he had a chance to buy, in 2015, 16,000 ventilators at a very low price, and he turned it down."
By Miriam Valverde • March 25, 2020
stated on March 11, 2020 in a blog post:
"NYC man drops dead in middle of street — suspected coronavirus!"
By Ciara O'Rourke • March 12, 2020
stated on March 4, 2020 in a post on Facebook:
"Man visited Albany, N.Y. days before dying from coronavirus."
By Madison Czopek • March 4, 2020
David DiPietro
stated on October 30, 2019 in an interview:
When it comes to how many of the 35 different federal welfare benefits each state can offer, "the average in the country is about 12 to 14. Why are we giving every one?"
stated on November 1, 2019 in a Tweet:
"Tens of thousands" of people leave New York every week.
stated on June 17, 2019 in a Tweet:
Undocumented drivers "have protections that US citizens don't receive under Green light bill."


Tomorrow Thomas and I travel to Rabat for 10 days to attend the Peace Corps In-Service Training (IST). The venue we are staying at is right next to the beach, and I am greatly looking forward to being near the ocean. I can't begin to explain how eager I am to dip my feet in the water, smell the sea air, and to be in a less dry (and less hot) climate for a bit!
Ramadan continues to go well, although I am not sure if I will continue to fast during our time in Rabat. My plan is to decide day by day how to structure my meals as I want to be mentally alert during the IST sessions. My mental acuity during Ramadan has definitely shifted into low-gear, and some days the fasting and the heat make it challenging to concentrate on much of anything. Over the last few days I pushed myself to go for a brief bike ride in the morning, as getting out of the house (and getting some physical activity) helps improve my energy level.
My first tagine, which I made to mark the start of Ramadan. It had potatoes, zucchini, onions, tomatoes and olives.
Our l-ftor for fellow volunteers. I had such a nice time preparing a meal for others.
One of the l-ftor meals we enjoyed with Moroccan friends. And I must note that the harira (soup) at this one was especially delicious!
While the Ramadan experience has been physically challenging at times, socially we have had a really nice couple of weeks. Various Moroccan friends have invited us to break-fast with them, and we have been blessed that each meal included both delicious food and fabulous company. And, we hosted a break-fast meal for several volunteers in our community (a fellow PCV and two women who work for a French organization). It was quite nice to make food for others as part of my Ramadan experience.
l-ftor with our friends Malika and Khadija. This is me and Malika just before we started eating.
With only 17 hours left before our bus leaves town (we leave at 5:00AM on Friday), I am spending the day getting organized and packed to go. Call me over-eager, I don't care! As I think I shared in another post, Peace Corps expects new volunteers to remain in their site for the first three months of service. So other than short day trips to nearby towns we have been pretty rooted to our town. I understand how remaining in one's local community helps establish a consistent presence and fosters integration, but now that this three month travel ban is officially over, I am surprised at how eager I am to leave town for a bit. And I am quite certain that a break from day-to-day life in SE Morocco will give me renewed appreciation for the unique qualities of our community.
I took this photo on an early morning bike ride, and while desert palm trees are not the beach, they are still quite beautiful.
But I am getting ahead of myself…for the moment I just want to enjoy thinking about a walk on the beach. The beach! Can you believe I will actually be on a beach?!
Nice post, Erika, and a lovely photo of you and Malika. Hope you and Tom enjoy your time on the coast.
You will actually be on a beach.


Leven Rambin Net Worth: Leven Rambin is an American actress who has a net worth of $1 million. Leven Rambin was born in Houston, Texas in May 1990. She acted in school plays and studied at the Houston School of Film and Theatre. Rambin moved to New York to pursue her acting career. At 13 years old Rambin made her acting debut on the soap opera All My Children from 2004 to 2010. She starred as Caroline Paxton in the TV series The Book of Daniel in 2006. Rambin made her feature film debut starring as Missy Thaxton in the movie Gigantic in 2008. She starred as Riley Dawson in the TV series Terminator: The Sarah Connor Chronicles from 2008 to 2009. From 2009 to 2010 Rambin starred as Sloan Riley in the TV series Grey's Anatomy. She starred as Heather West in the series Scoundrels in 2010. In 2011 she had recurring roles on the TV series CSI: Miami and Wizards of Waverly Place. Rambin has also starred as Glimmer in the 2012 movie The Hunger Games and as Clarisse La Rue in the 2013 film Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters. She also starred in the Green Day music video "Stray Heart" in 2012. Leven has been nominated for two Daytime Emmy Awards and a Soap Opera Digest Award.


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KFC is selling a massive 80-piece popcorn chicken bucket
Fried chicken fans are about to find themselves in bite-sized heaven, with the news that one of the biggest franchises on the planet has decided to raise the fast-food stakes for everyone. Gone are the days when a 20 McNugget Share Box was the pinnacle of late night poultry bingeing. Thanks to Colonel Sanders and his cronies, we can now buy buckets that have more pieces of popcorn than an Odeon bin liner.
In a move that will infuriate rivals and delight chicken lovers, KFC has unveiled a brand new 80-piece popcorn chicken bucket in the UK. Retailing for just £5.99, the new item is cheaper than several of the restaurant's big sellers, including their signature Zinger meal. Considering that it could potentially cater for an entire squadron of hungry diners/one insanely hungry clubber, that sounds like a pretty good deal.
Unearthed on criminally underrated website Hotukdeals, the deal left some commentators completely stunned. Many were understandably excited at the prospect of a bucket of tiny chicken balls that's this densely populated, while others were slightly more cynical. One wrote, "Do you have to wait ages whilst they count out 80 popcorn chicken?" while another suggested, "Someone needs to actually buy this and count. Then cause a fuss saying it's false advertising when there's less than 80pcs." The news has clearly caused a stir.
Although some diners have already sampled the goods, details of the deal itself are relatively sketchy. According to a tweet sent from KFC UK & Ireland's official Twitter account, the brand are currently trialling the dish at "10 restaurants in Glasgow" in order to test whether it warrants a nationwide rollout. For now, it looks like the rest of us will have to keep our fingers crossed. However, with plenty of delicious photographic evidence confirming its existence, the popcorn chicken bonanza is certainly worth getting excited about.


Interested in licensing the music of Barry Manilow?
Music is BARRY MANILOW's passion -- both in the studio and in the classroom. While he has released over 40 albums, Manilow has also raised millions of dollars through his Manilow Music Project. In response to drastic budget cuts in arts programs across the U.S., the Manilow Music Project is keeping the music alive by ensuring that middle and high school students have instruments in their hands to use in their music classes. In 2013 Manilow's dedication to helping others in need was recognized once again when he was honored with the Dream Foundation's Humanitarian Award.
Manilow's roots are in his native Brooklyn, where music was an integral part of his life. By the age of seven, he was taking accordion lessons and playing on a neighbor's piano. He attended New York College of Music and the Julliard School of Music while working in the mailroom at CBS.
In 1971, Barry Manilow met Bette Midler and became her music director, arranger and pianist. The following year, he signed with Bell Records to record his debut solo album.
In 1974, Clive Davis founded a new label, Arista, along with Columbia Pictures. Davis had the right to choose any artist on the Columbia Pictures-owned Bell Records to bring to Arista. Davis chose Manilow and the rest is history.
Beginning in 2006, Manilow triumphed with his hugely successful series of albums celebrating the great songs of four decades starting with the platinum album, THE GREATEST SONGS OF THE FIFTIES, which entered at #1 on the Billboard 200 album chart.
On May 12, 2012, Manilow released his highest charting live album since 1974, LIVE IN LONDON. LIVE IN LONDON is the highest charting live album since 1977.
Manilow is a member of the Board of Governors of the National Academy of Jazz. In addition to his own foundation, the Manilow Fund for Health and Hope, other involvements include The Prince's Trust, United Way, the Starlight Foundation, and several leading organizations for AIDS prevention and research.
This multi-talented producer, arranger, musician, composer, singer and performer has succeeded with albums focused on 50's Jazz, Techno-Jazz, Big Band Swing, Show Tunes, Sinatra Swing, songs from the Great American Songbook, Christmas music and rock 'n roll. Makes one's head spin. No wonder Rolling Stone dubbed him "The Showman of Our Generation".


We anticipate that most students will take three A Levels, which is line with the updated expectations of university courses. Some of may choose to stretch themselves by taking an additional AS course with an external examination at the end of Year 12, while some may choose to take an EPQ (Extended Project Qualification) during the summer between Years 12 and 13. It should be recognised that the new A Levels place a higher demand on students, and we monitor students carefully to ensure that they are not overloaded. It is expected that an additional AS will only usually be taken by those targeting the most competitive courses at university, such as Medicine, Vet Science or those available at Oxford and Cambridge. In addition, many enrichment opportunities will be available to develop a wider range of skills and support your university application and readiness for work.
For a list of the 23 subjects offered at A Level, please click here.
For information about Personalised Learning please click here.


CHICAGO – War is on the country's mind once again, and in this week's film releases, "The Guest" is coming to theaters. The main creative team behind it – lead actor Dan Stevens, screenwriter Simon Barrett and director Adam Wingard – weave a tale of a soldier that metaphorically reminds us that something is wrong.
CHICAGO – In the latest HollywoodChicago.com Hookup: Film, we have 30 pairs of advance-screening movie passes up for grabs to the new thriller "The Guest" starring Dan Stevens from the director of "V/H/S" and "V/H/S/2"!
CHICAGO – Warner Bros. transfers for their current television shows are the best in the Blu-ray market. Take for example the fourth season of "Fringe," a visually striking show that's even more so on Blu-ray than on its original broadcast. With 1080p and 5.1 audio tracks, the show looks more like film than television. And the wealth of bonus material on what will be the penultimate season of this cult hit is impressive.
CHICAGO – There are very few programs as ambitious or refined as "Fringe." Low ratings have proven that it's not a show for everyone and I'll admit to dipping in and out of it myself over the first two seasons, but I was struck by the confidence on display in season three, recently released on Blu-ray and DVD. In many ways, this program is redefining what it takes to stay on network television with low ratings but impressive numbers in other arenas. Check it out and see why.
CHICAGO – When the second season of "Fringe" premiered, I wrote, "If any show is going to go from mildly popular to breakout hit in its second season, I expect it will be "Fringe"." While that certainly didn't happen in terms of ratings (the show actually dropped 2.5 million viewers from its weekly average), the critical and cultural buzz around the series has grown. It feels more and more like "Fringe" is the current show that's beloved by those who watch it even if it's looking less likely to break through to a wider demographic.
CHICAGO – If any show is going to go from mildly popular to breakout hit in its second season, I expect it will be "Fringe".
CHICAGO – "Deadwood" and "The Wire", two of the best television programs of the last decade, have been given lavish, must-own treatment by HBO with spectacular season sets available just in time for the holidays.


The Dos and Donts of Data Mining; Wolfram Breakthrough Knowledge-based Programming Language - what it means for Data Science? Introduction to Random Forests for Beginners - free ebook; Exclusive Interview with Quentin Clark, Microsoft Data Platform Group.
The Do's and Don'ts of Data Mining - Mar 1, 2014.
Wolfram Breakthrough Knowledge-based Programming Language - what it means for Data Science? - Mar 2, 2014.
Introduction to Random Forests for Beginners - free ebook - Mar 6, 2014.
Why Predictive Analytics Marketplaces are not taking off, and how to fix it - Mar 1, 2014.
KDnuggets Annual Analytics/Data Science Salary/Income Poll - Mar 4, 2014.
KDnuggets Exclusive: Interview with Quentin Clark, CVP, Microsoft Data Platform Group - Mar 6, 2014.
Stanford Data Mining, Finance, and Statistics Courses Online - Mar 4, 2014.
Data Mining Cup 2014 - Student Competition - Starts - Mar 3, 2014.
Top KDnuggets tweets, Feb 28 - Mar 2: Using R with Twitter - great tutorial; The Dos and Donts of Data Mining - Mar 3, 2014.
Paxata automates Data Preparation for Big Data Analytics - Mar 7, 2014.
Book: R for Business Analytics - Mar 5, 2014.
KDnuggets Exclusive: Part 2 of the interview with Quentin Clark, CVP, Microsoft Data Platform Group - Mar 6, 2014.
Book: Ask, Measure, Learn - Social Media Analytics for Customer Behavior - Mar 3, 2014.
etcML Promises to Make Text Classification Easy - Mar 5, 2014.
Best Practice Partners: Data Scientist - Mar 4, 2014.
Adobe: Analytics Engineer / Data Scientist - Mar 1, 2014.
Microsoft: Data Scientist - Feb 28, 2014.
NREL: Data Scientist - Feb 28, 2014.
U. Bristol: Heilbronn Research Fellowships - Mar 7, 2014.
Travelers: Associate, Research and Modeling - Feb 26, 2014.
Method3: Experienced Big Data Software Engineer - Feb 27, 2014.


Payday loans are 100% legal in some states. You can apply for a payday loan in banks, lenders, check cashers and pawnshops in some states but not in Mississippi. While you have the option to apply for the short term payday loan in Mississippi, you can do so only at check cashers.
Payday loans in Mississippi are somewhat legal. One can apply for a payday only at business entities that encash check. It is definitely better than having payday lending prohibited.
If you want to apply for a payday loan, note that that maximum amount varies from person to person because it depends on your paycheck. The loan terms also vary according to the amount. If you borrow $250, you have to pay it in a maximum of 30 days. For loans higher than $250 but not exceeding $500, the maximum payment time may be only 28 days.
Not all check cashers are automatically approved by the state to offer payday loans. They need to be registered with the state's secretary. They also need to apply for a license that costs $750 and $475 to renew. The check cashers also need to provide surety bond or cash worth $10,000, a set of fingerprints, felon-free for the last 10 years, and net worth of at least $20,000.
Since most people would apply for payday loans during financially hard times, it is only reasonable that the finance rates are capped. In Mississippi, the maximum finance rate for loans under $250 is $20 for every $100. The same rate applies for 14-day $100 payday loans that have 520% APR. The rate will be increased to $21.95 for every $100 for loans of $250 to $500.
This helps since the goal of most state laws on payday loans is to cap or limit the interest rates in order to protect the consumers. By limiting the finance rate to $20 to $21.95 per $100 loan, consumers can enjoy better financial help.
If you are not sure that your paycheck will be enough to pay the loan and cover the household expenses, better not apply for a payday loan at all. The laws on payday loans in Mississippi prohibit rollovers and extensions.
Many lenders especially the ones that operate online break the laws on rollovers and extensions. Many of them would automatically extend a payday loan after deducting the interest from the borrower's bank account. Others would roll the loan over to accumulate more loans. Fortunately, there are laws that prohibit these activities among payday loan providers in Mississippi.
Lenders would have to contact collection agencies for default loans. The latter can collect only NSF fees. However, the court may award additional fees.
The payday lending industry in Mississippi is monitored and regulated by the state's Department of Banking and Consumer Finance.
If you need a low quick loan, a payday loan is not a bad option. However, be sure that you or the lender/check casher is not breaking any of the laws on payday loans in Mississippi.


Inverter Air Conditioners save approximately 20-40% energy compared to the normal ones.
Well, it is the latest technology available concerning the motors of the compressors. This technology mainly involves the use of Units which have a variable frequency drive that comprises of an adjustable electrical inverter and a microcontroller to sample ambient temperature.
The inverter is used to convert AC current to DC current. When power is supplied to the air conditioner, the inverter converts the AC current to DC current. Simultaneously, a microcontroller in the Unit is used to monitor the ambient temperature. So when the ambient temperature is below or above the set temperature, the unit produces the desired frequency to adjust the motors of the compressor accordingly. The compressor is always on, but draws power depending on the change in ambient temperature in respect to the set temperature.
Air conditioners have a designed maximum peak load and it varies depending on their size. Normal or Conventional Air Conditioners will always run at peak power requirement when the compressor is running. But with Inverter Technology installed, the running compressor will draw only that much powerr that is required to maintain the set temperature. For example: A 1.5 Ton inverter air conditioner initially works at 1.7 Ton and once the set temperature is achieved it reduces its functional capacity to 1.5, 1 or even 0.3 Ton depending on room conditions.
They also use ozone friendly refrigerants such as R410a. Compared to other refrigerants such as R22 which contain HCFC (Hydro-Chloro-Fluoro Carbons) along with chlorine components, these mainly comprise of HFC's (Hydro-Fluoro Carbons).
Normal A. C. Inverter A.C. Normal A. C. Inverter A.C. Normal A. C. Inverter A.C.
Inverter Air Conditioners are more powerful and maintain better temperatures. They offer great savings (20-40 %) by consuming less energy.


text:
package org.xdi.model;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import org.gluu.site.ldap.persistence.annotation.LdapEnum;

/**
 * Attribute Data Type
 *
 * @author Yuriy Movchan
 * @author Javier Rojas Blum
 *
 * @version September 27, 2017
 */
public enum GluuAttributeDataType implements LdapEnum {

    STRING("string", "Text"), NUMERIC("numeric", "Numeric"), BOOLEAN("boolean", "Boolean"), BINARY("binary", "Binary"), CERTIFICATE("certificate",
            "Certificate"), DATE("generalizedTime", "Date");

    private String value;
    private String displayName;

    private static Map<String, GluuAttributeDataType> MAP_BY_VALUES = new HashMap<String, GluuAttributeDataType>();

    static {
        for (GluuAttributeDataType enumType : values()) {
            MAP_BY_VALUES.put(enumType.getValue(), enumType);
        }
    }

    GluuAttributeDataType(String value, String displayName) {
        this.value = value;
        this.displayName = displayName;
    }

    public String getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    public String getDisplayName() {
        return displayName;
    }

    public static GluuAttributeDataType getByValue(String value) {
        return MAP_BY_VALUES.get(value);
    }

    public Enum<? extends LdapEnum> resolveByValue(String value) {
        return getByValue(value);
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return value;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Southwest Airline's Repurpose with Purpose Program Video Needs Your Vote!
We are thrilled to share our Repurpose with Purpose program video has been entered at the 2018 International Corporate Citizenship Film Festival. We're proud to celebrate our talented Employees and partners who have made this program possible. To reach the final round of the film finalists, we need your help to spread the LUV!


High backrest or low lumbar support backrest.
Cushions made of certified anti-decubitus material, 3D cover with air circulation design, removable and washable.
Derailleur/derailleur shifter: Shimano XT, Shimano ultegra, Sram X9 or Sram FORCE - all 11 speeds - at your choice. Second brake with parking trigger on the frame or lever mounted on the left grip. Adjustable footrest with safety strap and front bar.
Anatomic grips made of rubber and gel or aluminium tube - rise: 32°.
Gear crankset: single, double or triple crankset at your choice with following chainrings: 22-2-26 d, 34-36-38 d, 46-48-50-52 d; not included in our range but also available: 28-32-40-42 d and oval design. Wheel gear available in different SHIMANO and SRAM models - 10 and 11 speeds.
Wheels with black anodized aluminium rim, clincher tyre and quick insertion - 25 mm.
Rear-view mirror mounted on the chainring carter, wireless computer, bumper with safety flag holder, bottle holder on the back of the backrest, safety flag and tyre repair kit.


A concert or an album can unlock another world, if you let it. The Motet respect and revere this time-honored phenomenon. Fusing fiery funk, simmering soul, and improvisational inventiveness, the Denver, CO seven-piece-Lyle Divinsky [vocals], Dave Watts [drums], Joey Porter [keyboards], Garrett Sayers [bass], Ryan Jalbert [guitar], Parris Fleming [trumpet], and Drew Sayers [saxophone]-have continually provided an escape for listeners over the course of seven full-length albums since 1998.


The Bombay High Court today directed the Additional Chief Secretary (Home) of the Maharashtra government to convene a meeting between the Commissioner of Police and Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation to address the issue of lack of coordination while carrying out demolition drive across the city.
When the civic body carries out demolition drive against illegal construction and encroachments the local police has to provide security to the municipal body staff so as to avoid any untoward incident.
A division bench of Justices A S Oka and A K Menon was earlier informed by the BMC that in April this year when the Corporation had gone to suburban Tilak Nagar to demolish encroachments, the local police refused to provide security.
The BMC had in its affidavit told the court that state cabinet minister Prakash Mehta had allegedly tried to interfere in the matter and had in fact even visited the local Tilak Nagar police station on April 15 when demolition was to be carried out.
The court today said there was a need to be put an end to such issues.
"This cannot go on. There is complete lack of coordination between the police and civic body. In such cases of demolition drives only the local police will be aware of who are the troublemakers in that particular area," the court said.
"This has to be sorted at a senior level. We direct the Additional Chief Secretary of the State Home department to immediately convene a meeting with the Commissioner of Police and Commissioner of BMC and work out a scheme by which proper coordination is established between the two authorities," Justice Oka said.
The court directed the Additional Chief Secretary to take appropriate decision and file an affidavit by June 22.
"The Additional Chief Secretary shall also lay down a protocol for all actions that will be taken by the BMC in future in compliance with the High Court orders in this case," the court said.
The bench was hearing a Public interest Litigation filed by NGO Janhit Manch, seeking that the encroachments along all major water pipelines that run through the city must be removed considering the security threats and the risks of contamination of water that they pose.
The court had earlier directed the civic body to demolish all such encroachments on the city's pipelines.