text:
"Butlers" redirects here. For other uses, see Butler (disambiguation).
A butler is a person who works in a house serving and is a domestic worker in a large household. In great houses, the household is sometimes divided into departments with the butler in charge of the dining room, wine cellar, and pantry. Some also have charge of the entire parlour floor, and housekeepers caring for the entire house and its appearance.[1] A butler is usually male, and in charge of male servants, while a housekeeper is usually a woman, and in charge of female servants. Traditionally, male servants (such as footmen) were better paid and of higher status than female servants. The butler, as the senior male servant, has the highest servant status. He can also sometimes function as a chauffeur.
A butler in the White House Butler's Pantry.
In older houses where the butler is the most senior worker, titles such as majordomo, butler administrator, house manager, manservant, staff manager, chief of staff, staff captain, estate manager, and head of household staff are sometimes given. The precise duties of the employee will vary to some extent in line with the title given, but perhaps, more importantly in line with the requirements of the individual employer. In the grandest homes or when the employer owns more than one residence, there is sometimes an estate manager of higher rank than the butler. The butler can also be assisted by a head footman or footboy called the under-butler.[2]
2 Origin and history
2.1 Ancient through medieval eras
2.2 Elizabethan through Victorian eras
2.3 In the early United States
2.4 The modern butler
4 Gender and butlering
5 Notable butlers
6 In visual art
7 In fiction
7.1 Examples
11 Further reading
BackgroundEdit
Butler c. 1922
The word "butler" comes from Anglo-Norman buteler, variant form of Old Norman *butelier, corresponding to Old French botellier "officer in charge of the king's wine bottles", derived of boteille "bottle" (Modern French bouteille), itself from Gallo-Romance BUTICULA "bottle". For centuries, the butler has been the attendant entrusted with the care and serving of wine and other bottled beverages, which in ancient times might have represented a considerable portion of the household's assets and led to the position becoming chief steward of a household.
In Britain, the butler was originally a middle-ranking member of the staff of a grand household. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the butler gradually became the senior, usually male, member of a household's staff in the very grandest households. However, there was sometimes a steward who ran the outside estate and financial affairs, rather than just the household, and who was senior to the butler in social status into the 19th century. Butlers used always to be attired in a special uniform, distinct from the livery of junior servants, but today a butler is more likely to wear a business suit or business casual clothing and appear in uniform only on special occasions.
A silverman or silver butler has expertise and professional knowledge of the management, secure storage, use and cleaning of all silverware, associated tableware and other paraphernalia for use at military and other special functions.
Origin and historyEdit
A slave in charge of wine in ancient Rome.
The modern role of the butler has evolved from earlier roles that were generally concerned with the care and serving of alcoholic beverages.
Ancient through medieval erasEdit
For butlers in Anglo-Saxon England, see Dish-bearers and butlers in Anglo-Saxon England.
From ancient through medieval times, alcoholic beverages were chiefly stored first in earthenware vessels, then later in wooden barrels, rather than in glass bottles; these containers would have been an important part of a household's possessions. The care of these assets was therefore generally reserved for trusted slaves, although the job could also go to free persons because of heredity-based class lines or the inheritance of trades.
The biblical book of Genesis contains a reference to a role precursive to modern butlers. The early Hebrew Joseph interpreted a dream of Pharaoh's שקה (shaqah) (literally "to give to drink"), which is most often translated into English as "chief butler" or "chief cup-bearer."[3]
In ancient Greece and Rome, it was nearly always slaves who were charged with the care and service of wine, while during the Medieval Era the pincerna filled the role within the noble court. The English word "butler" itself comes from the Middle English word bo(u)teler (and several other forms), from Anglo-Norman buteler, itself from Old Norman butelier, corresponding to Old French botellier ("bottle bearer"), Modern French bouteiller, and before that from Medieval Latin butticula. The modern English "butler" thus relates both to bottles and casks.
A pincerna depicted in service to a noble court during the Medieval Era.
Eventually the European butler emerged as a middle-ranking member of the servants of a great house, in charge of the buttery (originally a storeroom for "butts" of liquor, although the term later came to mean a general storeroom or pantry).[4] While this is so for household butlers, those with the same title but in service to the Crown enjoyed a position of administrative power and were only minimally involved with various stores.
In a large house, the butler (centre-left) is traditionally head over a full array of household servants. This is the servant staff at the Stonehouse Hill of Massachusetts, the estate of Frederick Lothrop Ames, 1914.
Elizabethan through Victorian erasEdit
The Steward of the Elizabethan era was more akin to the butler that later emerged.[5] Gradually, throughout the 19th century and particularly the Victorian era, as the number of butlers and other domestic servants greatly increased in various countries, the butler became a senior male servant of a household's staff. By this time he was in charge of the more modern wine cellar, the "buttery" or pantry (from French pain from Latin panis, bread) as it came to be called, which supplied bread, butter, cheese, and other basic provisions, and the ewery, which contained napkins and basins for washing and shaving.[6] In the very grandest households there was sometimes an Estate Steward or other senior steward who oversaw the butler and his duties.[7] Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management, a manual published in Britain in 1861, reported:
The number of the male domestics in a family varies according to the wealth and position of the master, from the owner of the ducal mansion, with a retinue of attendants, at the head of which is the chamberlain and house-steward, to the occupier of the humbler house, where a single footman, or even the odd man-of-all-work, is the only male retainer. The majority of gentlemen's establishments probably comprise a servant out of livery, or butler, a footman, and coachman, or coachman and groom, where the horses exceed two or three.[7]
Glanusk Park in Powys, U.K., in 1891. The residence had 17 servants in residence. The largest stately houses could have 40 or more.
Butlers were head of a strict service hierarchy and therein held a position of power and respect. They were more managerial than "hands on"—more so than serving, they officiated in service. For example, although the butler was at the door to greet and announce the arrival of a formal guest, the door was actually opened by a footman, who would receive the guest's hat and coat. Even though the butler helped his employer into his coat, this had been handed to him by a footman. However, even the highest-ranking butler would "pitch in" when necessary, such as during a staff shortage, to ensure that the household ran smoothly, although some evidence suggests this was so even during normal times.[8]
The household itself was generally divided into areas of responsibility. The butler was in charge of the dining room, the wine cellar, pantry, and sometimes the entire main floor. Directly under the butler was the first footman (or head footman), although there could also be a deputy butler or under-butler who would fill in as butler during the butler's illness or absence. The footman‒there were frequently numerous young men in the role within a household‒ performed a range of duties including serving meals, attending doors, carrying or moving heavy items, and they often doubled as valets. Valets themselves performed a variety of personal duties for their employer. Butlers engaged and directed all these junior staff and each reported directly to him. The housekeeper was in charge of the house as a whole and its appearance. In a household without an official head housekeeper, female servants and kitchen staff were also directly under the butler's management, while in smaller households, the butler usually doubled as valet. Employers and their children and guests addressed the butler (and under-butler, if there was one) by last name alone; fellow servants, retainers, and tradespersons as "Mr. [Surname]".
Butlers were typically hired by the master of the house but usually reported to its lady. Beeton in her manual suggested a GBP 25–50 (US$2,675‒5,350) per-year salary for butlers; room and board and livery clothing were additional benefits, and tipping known as vails, were common.[9] The few butlers who were married had to make separate housing arrangements for their families, as did all other servants within the hierarchy.
In the early United StatesEdit
Robert Roberts's The House Servant's Directory, 1827.
From the beginning of slavery in the United States, in the early 17th century, African Americans were put to task as domestic servants. Some eventually became butlers. Gary Puckrein, a social historian, argues that those used in particularly affluent homes authentically internalised the sorts of "refined" norms and personal attributes that would reflect highly upon the social stature of their masters or mistresses. One of the first books written and published through a commercial U.S. publisher by an African American was by a butler named Robert Roberts. The book, The House Servant's Directory,[10] first published in 1827, is essentially a manual for butlers and waiters, and is called by Puckrein "the most remarkable book by an African American in antebellum United States". The book generated such interest that a second edition was published in 1828, and a third in 1843.[11]
European indentured servants formed a corps of domestic workers from which butlers were eventually drawn. Although not the victims of institutionalised slavery, many of them had not volunteered for domestic service, but were forced into it by indebtedness or coercion. As with African American slaves, they could rise in domestic service, and their happiness or misery depended greatly on the disposition of their masters.
The modern butlerEdit
Beginning around the early 1920s (following World War I), employment in domestic service occupations began a sharp overall decline in western European countries, and even more markedly in the United States. Even so, there were still around 30,000 butlers employed in Britain by World War II. As few as one hundred were estimated to remain by the mid-1980s.[12] Social historian Barry Higman argues that a high number of domestic workers within a society correlates with a high level of socio-economic inequality. Conversely, as a society undergoes levelling among its social classes, the number employed in domestic service declines.[13]
Following varied shifts and changes accompanying accelerated globalisation beginning in the late 1980s, overall global demand for butlers since the turn of the millennium has risen dramatically. According to Charles MacPherson, President of Charles MacPherson Associates and owner of The Charles MacPherson Academy for Butlers and Household Managers, the proximate cause is that the number of millionaires and billionaires has increased in recent years, and such people are finding that they desire assistance in managing their households. MacPherson emphasises that the number of wealthy people in China has increased particularly, creating in that country a high demand for professional butlers who have been trained in the European butlering tradition.[14][15] There is also increasing demand for such butlers in other Asian countries, India, and the petroleum-rich Middle East.[16][17]
Higman additionally argues that the inequality/equality levels of societies are a major determinant of the nature of the domestic servant/employer relationship.[18] As the 21st century approached, many butlers began carrying out an increasing number of duties formerly reserved for more junior household servants. Butlers today may be called upon to do whatever household and personal duties their employers deem fitting, in the goal of freeing their employers to carry out their own personal and professional affairs. Professional butler and author Steven M. Ferry states that the image of tray-wielding butlers who specialise in serving tables and decanting wine is now anachronistic, and that employers may well be more interested in a butler who is capable of managing a full array of household affairs‒from providing the traditional dinner service, to acting as valet, to managing high-tech systems and multiple homes with complexes of staff. While in truly grand houses the modern butler may still function exclusively as a top-ranked household affairs manager,[19] in lesser homes, such as those of dual-income middle-class professionals,[17] they perform a full array of household and personal assistant duties,[20] including mundane housekeeping.[21][22] Butlers today may also be situated within corporate settings, embassies, cruise ships, yachts, or within their own small "Rent-a-Butler" business or similar agency.[23]
Along with these changes of scope and context, butlering attire has changed. Whereas butlers have traditionally worn a special uniform that separated them from junior servants, and although this is still often the case, butlers today may wear more casual clothing geared for climate, while exchanging it for formal business attire only upon special service occasions. There are cultural distinctions, as well. In the United States, butlers may frequently don a polo shirt and slacks, while in Bali they typically wear sarongs.[24]
In 2007, the number of butlers in Britain had risen to an estimated 5,000.[25] That number rose to 10,000 by 2014, consistent with increased worldwide demand.[26]
TrainingEdit
Butlers traditionally learned their position while progressing their way up the service ladder. For example, in the documentary The Authenticity of Gosford Park, retired butler Arthur Inch (born 1915) describes starting as a hall boy.[27] While this is still often the case, numerous private butlering schools exist today. Additionally, major up-market hotels such as the Ritz-Carlton offer traditional butler training, while some hotels have trained a sort of pseudo-butler for service in defined areas such as "technology butlers", who fix guests' computers and other electronic devices, and "bath butlers" who draw custom baths.[28]
Gender and butleringEdit
Butlers have traditionally been male, and this remains the norm. Probably the first mention of a female butler is in the 1892 book Interludes being Two Essays, a Story, and Some Verses by Horace Smith. In it Smith quotes the noted writer and Anglican clergyman Sydney Smith, who between 1809 and 1829 struggled to make ends meet in a poorly paid assignment to a rural parish in Yorkshire:
"I turned schoolmaster to educate my son, as I could not afford to send him to school. Mrs. Sydney turned schoolmistress to educate my girls as I could not afford a governess. I turned farmer as I could not let my land. A man servant was too expensive, so I caught up a little garden girl, made like a milestone, christened her Bunch, put a napkin in her hand, and made her my butler. The girls taught her to read, Mrs. Sydney to wait, and I undertook her morals. Bunch became the best butler in the country.[29]
Today, female butlers are sometimes preferred,[21] especially for work within West Asian and Southeast Asian families where there may be religious objections for men to work closely with women in a household.[30] Western female celebrities may also prefer a female butler, as may households where the wife is driving the decision to hire a butler.[17] Despite these trends, the Ivor Spencer School asserts that female butlers are not easily placed, on the whole.
In ancient times, the roles precursive to butlering were reserved for chattel or those confined within heredity-based class structures. With the advent of the medieval era, butlering became an opportunity for social advancement‒even more so during Victorian times. Although still based upon various antecedent roles as manifested during different eras, butlering today has frequently taken over many of the roles formerly reserved for lower-ranking domestic servants. At the same time it has become a potentially lucrative career option.[31]
Notable butlersEdit
Eugene Allen, White House butler who served under seven U.S. presidents
Leslie Bartlett, butler, toastmaster; and founder of The London School of British Butlers
Paul Burrell, butler to Diana, Princess of Wales
Alonzo Fields, White House chief butler from 1932 to 1953
Grant Harrold butler to Charles, Prince of Wales from 2004 to 2011
In visual artEdit
Heads of Six of Hogarth's Servants
Butlers have been occasionally depicted in visual art. A famous painting, Heads of Six of Hogarth's Servants (c. 1758), is unique among such works. In it, the 18th-century English artist William Hogarth depicted his household servants, all surrounding the butler. In showing the group in a close-knit assemblage rather than in the performance of their routine household duties, Hogarth sought to humanise and dignify them in a manner akin to wealthy-class members, who were the normal subjects of such portraits. While this was a subversive act that certainly raised many eyebrows in his day‒Hogarth conspicuously displayed the work in his estate home in full view of guests‒at the same time he had painted his servants' facial expressions to convey the sincerity and deference expected of servant-class members.[32]
In contemporary art, "The Butler's in Love" series by U.S. artist Mark Stock is especially poignant. In the series, Stock portrays the butler as sick with love, but the possibility of fulfillment is hopeless: the love is a forbidden love, perhaps felt for the lady of the house, and so it must be suffered alone in silent concealment. In addition to the ongoing mannerisms and facial expressions of the butler, a seated lady once appearing in a curtained room and a recurring lipstick-stained absinthe glass over which the butler obsesses provide the interpretive clues. In selecting a butler as his subject, Stock sought to provide a "universal character", a pathos-laden figure that could be widely related to and that could depict the universality of loneliness felt by someone who can only look in from the outside. Stock began the series in 1985 to express his difficult feelings during a personal experience of unrequited love. One of the paintings was inspiration for a 3-D short film, "The Butler's in Love" by actor/director David Arquette, shot in 2008 at San Francisco's historic Westerfield Mansion.[33][34][35][36]
In fictionEdit
The real-life modern butler attempts to be discreet and unobtrusive, friendly but not familiar, keenly anticipative of the needs of his or her employer, and graceful and precise in execution of duty. The butler of fiction, by contrast, often tends to be larger than life and has become a plot device in literature and a traditional role in the performing arts. Butlers may provide comic relief with wry comments, clues as to the perpetrators of various crimes, and are represented as at least as intelligent and moral as their "betters," or even more so. They are often portrayed as being serious and expressionless and in the case that the wealthy hero is an orphan‒such as Batman, Chrono Crusade's Satella Harvenheit, or Tomb Raider's Lara Croft‒may be a father figure to said hero. Regardless of the genre in which they are cast, butlers in fiction almost invariably follow the "British butler" model and are given an appropriate-sounding surname. The fictional butler tends to be given a typical Anglo-Celtic surname and have an English accent. The Asian, African American, or Caribbean houseboy is a variant, but even these major-domos are based on the British icon.
Today, butlers are usually portrayed as being refined and well-spoken. However, in 19th century fiction such as Dracula, butlers generally spoke with a strong Cockney or other regional accent.
"The butler" is integral to the plot of countless potboilers and melodramas, whether or not the character has been given a name. Butlers figure so prominently in period pieces and whodunits that they can be considered stock characters in film and theatre, where a catchphrase is "The butler did it!"
The best-known fictional manservant, and the archetype of the quintessential British butler, is himself not a butler at all. Reginald Jeeves, the iconic creation of author P. G. Wodehouse is a "gentleman's gentleman" and general factotum. Probably the best-known fictional butlers are Alfred from the Batman comic and films; Hudson of Upstairs, Downstairs television fame; Mr Carson from the Downton Abbey television series; and Crichton from J. M. Barrie's The Admirable Crichton. Lesser-knowns include Mr. Belvedere from the novel Belvedere, which was adapted into a feature film with sequels and later a television series; Lurch, from the television series The Addams Family, based on Charles Addams' The New Yorker cartoons; Beach, from the Wodehouse series about Blandings Castle; Niles, the butler at the Sheffield house in American sitcom The Nanny, Geoffrey from The Fresh Prince of Bel Air, Bailey (an English canine butler) from the children's animated television series Arthur and Benson from the two series Soap and Benson.
Not all fictional butlers portray the "butler stereotype", however. Alan Bates, who played the butler Jennings in the film Gosford Park was coached in brooding detail by Arthur Inch, a longtime real-life butler.[37] Mr. Stevens, the butler played by Anthony Hopkins in the film Remains of the Day, was also acted with remarkable realism. A female butler, Sarah Stevens, is the principal character in Linda Howard's 2002 Dying to Please, a murder/romance novel. Howard gives detailed and generally accurate descriptions of butlering in the work.[38]
ExamplesEdit
See also: List of fictional butlers
Alfred Pennyworth, Bruce Wayne's butler from Batman
Angus Hudson, from the television show Upstairs, Downstairs
Austin, from the game Gardenscapes
Benson DuBois, the Tate butler in the hit 1970's sitcom, Soap
Butler, the butler for Prince Salde Canarl Shellbrick III off of the puzzle game Puyo Puyo Fever 2
Cadbury, butler to Richie Rich
Chadwick, from Jamaica Inn
Charles Carson, butler to the Crawley family in Downton Abbey
Charley Raunce, who succeeds to the position from footman when Eldon the Butler dies, in the novel Loving by Henry Green.
Cogman, a human-sized sociopathic Autobot Headmaster who acts as Sir Edmund Burton's butler.
Domovoi Butler, butler/bodyguard to Artemis Fowl in Eoin Colfer's Artemis Fowl book series.
Edmund Blackadder, butler to Prince George the Prince Regent, in the TV Series Blackadder the Third
Edwin Jarvis, Tony Stark's butler from Iron Man
Giles, the butler for ABC's Whodunnit? TV series
Hayate Ayasaki, The titular protagonist of Hayate the Combat Butler
Higgins, from the sitcom Our Man Higgins and the radio comedy on which it was based, It's Higgins, Sir
Hugh Edgar, a butler in The Edwardian Country House, 2002 British historical recreation TV series
John Lawless, a central character in the 1967 Sherman Brothers' musical movie The Happiest Millionaire played by 60 teen idol Tommy Steele.
Nestor, the butler of Marlinspike Hall in The Adventures of Tintin
Niles, the butler in the TV Series The Nanny
Ronove, the demon butler and highest-ranking furniture of the Golden Witch; Beatrice and the Endless Sorcerer, Battler from Umineko no Naku Koro ni
Sebastian Beach, from the Blandings Castle stories by P. G. Wodehouse, frequently conspires with the clever Gally Threepwood
Sebastian Michaelis, a demon disguised as a man bound by contract to his master in the Black Butler manga and anime series
Smithers, Veronica Lodge's fictional butler
Spencer, butler in Power Rangers Operation Overdrive
Mr. Stevens, the protagonist of Kazuo Ishiguro's Booker Prize-winning novel, The Remains of the Day and movie of the same name
Subaru Konoe, the female butler of Kanade Suzutsuki who is disguised as a male in the Mayo Chiki! anime, manga and light novel
Underling, the butler in the 2006 Broadway Musical The Drowsy Chaperone
Wadsworth, the protagonist in the movie Clue
Willikins, butler to Samuel Vimes in the Discworld series by Terry Pratchett.
Butler of Scotland
Footman
^ Post, Emily (2007). Emily Post's Etiquette. Echo Library. ISBN 978-1-4068-1215-2.
^ Michelle Jean Hoppe's article 046: Servants: Their Hierarchy and Duties.
^ Genesis 39-40.
^ This was most likely from a loss of the original Latin meaning and the mistaken belief that buttery related to "butter".
^ Anthony-Maria Browne, 2nd Viscount Montagu; Lord Montagu's Book of Rules and Orders, 1595.
^ Nancy Scanlon (2006). "The Development of the Kitchen in the English Country House 1315–1864". Journal of Culinary Science and Technology. 4 (2/3): 79–92.
^ a b Beeton, Isabella (2000) [1861]. Mrs Beeton's Book of Household Management. Oxford University Press. p. 393. ISBN 978-0-19-283345-7.
^ Steedman, Carrolyn (February 2004). The servant's labour: the business of life, England, 1760–1820. Social History. Vol. 29. Taylor & Francis.
^ Marshall, D. (April 1929). "The Domestic Servants of the Eighteenth Century". Economica (25): 15‒40. doi:10.2307/2548516. JSTOR 2548516.
^ Robert Roberts. "The House Servant's Directory". digital.lib.msu.edu. Munroe and Francis; New York: Charles S. Francis, 1827. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 10 January 2022.
^ Gary Puckrein (October–November 1998). "The Science of Service". American Visions. 13 (5).
^ J. Lee (1988). "Steady, Jeeves‒you've got company!". U.S. News & World Report. 104 (17).
^ Higman, Barry (2002). Domestic Service in Australia. Melbourne University Publishing. ISBN 978-0-522-85011-6.
^ MacPherson, Charles (10 February 2007). "By Jeeves, We're Having a Butler Shortage" (Streaming Audio). Weekend Edition Saturday (Interview). Interviewed by Scott Simon. NPR News. Archived from the original on 4 February 2008. Retrieved 13 August 2007.
^ Kolhatka, Sheelah (September 2006). "Inside the Billionaire Service Industry" (PDF). The Atlantic. pp. 97‒101. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2013. {{cite magazine}}: Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
^ Chadha, Monica (17 February 2003). "Royal tips for Indian butlers". BBC News. Archived from the original on 20 May 2020.
^ a b c Gerard, Jasper (15 November 2007). "Butlers: A Jeeves of my very own". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 13 November 2012. Archived 14 January 2013 at archive.today
^ Higman (2002).
^ Ferry, Steven M (2002). Butlers & Household Managers: 21st Century Professionals. BookSurge Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-59109-306-0.
^ William Loeffler (15 April 2007). "The butler does it". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review.
^ a b James Woodford (5 October 2002). "Move over, Jeeves, a new breed of butler is working her way up". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Ms Camille, who is the Australasian representative to the Butler's Guild: "I still make beds, clean toilets and peg out washing," she says. "It's not all as glamorous as people perceive it to be".
^ Dube, Rebecca (20 July 2007). "Desperately seeking Jeeves". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on 12 January 2022. Lynda Reeves, president of the Toronto-based House & Home Media, for the term "butler" says: "it's a pretentious name for a housekeeper".
^ Harvey, Jones (15 December 2001). "More money than time? Rent a butler". The Independent. United Kingdom. Archived from the original on 13 November 2013.
^ Patrao, Michael (27 July 2007). "The alter ago of Jeeves". Deccan Herald. Archived from the original on 9 April 2008.
^ Sapsted, David (30 May 2007). "Shortage of Butlers Has World's Wealthy Facing a Crisis". The New York Sun. Archived from the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 16 March 2020.
^ Katz, David (8 May 2014). "What It's Like to Be a Billionaire's Butler". GQ. Archived from the original on 3 October 2021. Retrieved 4 July 2021.
^ The Authenticity of Gosford Park, Documentary featurette in Gosford Park Collector's Edition DVD, Universal Studios, 2002.
^ Alex Witchel (20 August 2000). "At Hotels, the Butlers Are Doing It". New York Times. 149 (51486): 2.
^ Smith, Horace; Lehtonen, Joel (14 November 2005) [1892]. Interludes being Two Essays, a Story, and Some Verses. MacMillan & Co. ISBN 1-4069-1965-9. Archived from the original on 28 December 2008. Joel Lehtonen is a contributor, translator of the book
^ "Unique Rosewood Ladies Floor could start trend in Saudi, Middle East Hotels". 10 December 2007. Archived from the original on 25 February 2021.
^ In Loeffler (15 April 2007), Nathalie Laitmon of The Calendar Group in Stamford, Connecticut, states that skilled butlers within the grandest households can make USD 200,000 (GBP 101,500). She states, "The bigger the lifestyle of the family, the more they can earn".
^ Waterfield G.; A. French; M. Craske, eds. (2003). Below stairs, 400 years of servants' portraits. London: National Portrait Gallery. ISBN 978-1-85514-512-2.
^ Croft, Karen. "Butlers in Love", Salon, 24 May 2001.
^ The World of Marck Stock.
^ Garchik, Leah (14 May 2008). "San Francisco Chronicle". Archived from the original on 16 January 2009.
^ "San Francisco's historic Westerfield Mansion". Archived from the original on 31 July 2010.
^ "The man who got it right for Gosford Park and told Richard E Grant what was wrong". Mid Sussex Times. 2002. Also see: The Authenticity of Gosford Park {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)[dead link]
^ "Linda Howard - Dying To Please". Archived from the original on 20 February 2008. Retrieved 24 January 2010. A synopsis of Linda Howard's 2002 Dying to Please book, archived copy
This article is based on material from "A Brief History of Butlers and Butlering[permanent dead link]" by Stephen Ewen, which is licensed under the Creative Common Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.
This article incorporates material from the Citizendium article "Butler", which is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License but not under the GFDL. The article there is a mirror copy of "A Brief History of Butlers and Butlering" by Stephen Ewen.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Butlers.
Ager, Stanley; Aubyn, Fiona St. (2012). The Butler's Guide to Running the Home and Other Graces. Potter Style. ISBN 9780385344708.
Clayton, Nicholas (2017). A Butler's Guide to Table Manners. National Trust. ISBN 978-1905400485.
Ferry, Steven (2009). Hotel Butlers, The Great Service Differentiators. BookSurge Publishing (reprint). ISBN 978-1439226483.
MacPherson, Charles (2013). The Butler Speaks: A Return to Proper Etiquette, Stylish Entertaining, and the Art of Good Housekeeping. Toronto: Random House. ISBN 9780449015919.
Redding, Cyrus (1839). Every Man His Own Butler. London: Whittaker & Co. OCLC 25057151.
Starkey, Mary Louise (1989). Mrs. Starkey's Original Guide to Private Service Management. Mansion Publishing. ISBN 978-0966480726.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Butler&oldid=1127770967"


Motorists have fallen foul of poor weather conditions, with ice on the roads yesterday causing crashes in two separate locations.
Police said two accidents occurred almost simultaneously at Gulberwick yesterday.
A car came off the road in icy conditions, immediately before another car also skidded off on the ice.
There were no injuries to the occupants of either car.
Meanwhile, a Mitsubishi pick-up hit ice north of Lerwick and came off the road, before rolling onto its roof.
Again, no injuries were reported.
The crashes came as council gritters were out in force in all main routes.


text:
Longmont contemplates charging residents,…
Longmont contemplates charging residents, businesses that don't respond to snow removal warnings
By Matthew Bennett | mbennett@prairiemountainmedia.com |
PUBLISHED: January 23, 2023 at 6:21 p.m. | UPDATED: January 23, 2023 at 6:24 p.m.
A snow covered sidewalk in front of a home on the 1400 Block of Venice Street is seen in Longmont on Monday. The city is having trouble with residents and business owners failing to clear sidewalks within 24-hours after snowfall. The city is considering an abatement program where a contractor would be hired to clear sidewalks and the city would then bill the property owner after. (Matthew Jonas/Staff Photographer)
The city of Longmont may take a new approach to how it enforces snow and ice removal from public sidewalks on private property beginning next winter.
City code requires businesses, homeowners and tenants to remove snow and ice from public sidewalks abutting their property 24 hours after a winter storm moves through the area.
"Typically, we'll first go out and post a warning, which will give them … until the next day or 24 hours to clear the walk," Dane Hermsen, Longmont code enforcement manager, said Monday. "Then if they're still not complying with that and not making any effort to get it taken care of, we can go to fines."
First-time offenders receive a $100 fine, second-time offenders a $200 fine, and every subsequent offense after that amounts to a $500 infraction, Hermsen said.
However, even hefty fines don't always result in sidewalks getting clear, which can lead to safety hazards for pedestrians.
If approved, the new policy would allow the city to hire a contractor to remove snow and ice from sidewalks abutting non-compliant businesses and residences and then send the property owner the bill.
"A number of other jurisdictions already do it this way," Hermsen said. "We want to get the snow off the sidewalk and get it cleared for people. So, this would allow us to do that."
It isn't immediately clear how many fines the city has issued so far this winter in Longmont for snow and ice removal infractions.
Hermsen made clear that complaints about snow and ice accumulation on public sidewalks are not exclusive to one neighborhood or commercial area in the city but instead originate from "all over."
The city plans to implement the new snow and ice removal policy next winter, pending City Council approval.
"Right now, we've really been reliant on just penalties," Hermsen said. "We've had to continue to penalize people until they get it under control."
Cultivate's SnowBusters program, which connects volunteers with seniors who might not be able to clear sidewalks of snow and ice on their property, often don't have enough resources to keep up with their demand.
"(SnowBusters) is our most sought-after program for good reason; it's no cost to the client, which … in and of itself is huge," Cultivate Executive Director Chrysti Britt said Monday.
Cultivate is a nonprofit that serves seniors in Boulder and Broomfield counties "by connecting them — as recipients and contributors — with their surrounding communities," according to Cultivate's website
Enrollment for SnowBusters has closed for the 2022-2023 season.
"We serve close to 200 clients a year, but I can tell you we probably get triple the amount of requests," Britt said of the organization's SnowBusters program.
Matthew Bennett

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Basketball Leagues and competitions
British Basketball League (BBL) Championship
Basketball Team Position and Roles
Greatest Basketball Players of all Time
Basketball Betting: Types and Strategies
Basketball Sponsorship Overview
Basketball Sponsorships
How Companies Benefit from Basketball Sponsorship
Basketball Teams
Four Best International National Basketball Teams
Top Five European Basketball Leagues
In every sport, there are great players that leave a mark in the sport. They have huge contributions and the records they set are hard to break. Basketball has such players as well. This article focuses on some great players in recent basketball history.
Born in 1963, Jordan is one of the greatest basketball players and he is actually considered a living legend. He was a shooting guard at Chicago Bulls and he made the team dominant in NBA.
He is another great basketball player who was a point guard at Los Angeles Lakers who was born in 1959. He had great strength and abilities and is known for his excellent passes.
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar because
Born in 947, Kareem was a centre at Milwaukee Bucks. He is incredibly tall and his shots were hard to block. He shot incredibly accurate shots and had a dedication to the game. His contribution to the NBA is unmatched.
Larry Joe Bird
Born in 1956, he was a small forward as well as power forward at Boston Celtics and was among the NBA's greatest three-point shooters and was a great dribbler as well.
Hakeem was born in 1963 and was a Centre Houston Rockets. Due to his prowess, he was the force behind the Houston Rockets NBA dominance for years. He was great at grabbing rebounds and perimeter shooting.
Wilton Norman Chamberlain
Wilton, who was born in 1936 was a centre for Philadelphia Warriors. Wilton was very famous during the years he played basketball. He was a great scorer and at some point, he scored 100 points in one game.
Shaquille Rashaun O'Neal
Shaquille was born in 1972 was a centre at Orlando Magic. He always dominated the game because of his height and strength. He was a great defender and he could block any careless shot.
londonlionsbasketball.co.uk Copyright © 2021.


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You are at:Home»Featured»Dividend ETFs: Aristocrats vs. Achievers
Dividend ETFs: Aristocrats vs. Achievers
By Tom Lydonon March 5, 2010
Yields are in the tank, so dividend payouts may be the next best thing to finding easy money right now. It may even improve as the recovery deepens and companies boost their payouts. Dividend exchange traded funds (ETFs) are an ideal way to get exposure to the different dividend types available.
There are two types of dividend-paying stocks: aristocrats and achievers.
The so-called dividend aristocrats are S&P 500 companies that have increased their payouts for 25 consecutive years without missing a beat, reports Gary Gordon for ETF Expert. The numbers say that aristocrats have bested the S&P 500 over five, 10, 15, 20 and 25 years with less beta volatility, Gordon notes. [Dividends Are Making a Comeback.]
SPDR S&P Dividend Fund (NYSEArca: SDY) is the main aristocrat-only ETF that seeks to replicate the price and yield of the S&P High Yield Dividend Aristocrats Index. Only the 50 highest yielders are included. It's one of the top domestic dividend ETFs year-to-date, up 3.6%. It's also up 72.9% in the last year and yields 3.8%. [ETF Spotlight on SDY.]
Vanguard Dividend Appreciation (NYSEArca: VIG): This ETF tracks the the Mergent Dividend Achievers Select Index. To earn the "achiever" moniker, a company has to increase its dividends for at least 10 consecutive years and meet trading volume minmums. This fund did outdo the S&P 500 over the past four-year period. It's up 1.7% year-to-date and up 51.7% in the last year. It yields 2.1%.
Other notable dividend achiever ETFs include PowerShares Dividend Achievers Portfolio (NYSEArca: PFM) and the PowerShares High Yield Equity Dividend Achievers Portfolio (NYSEArca: PEY). PFM yields 2.4%, while PEY yields 4.6%.
For more stories about dividends, visit our dividend ETFs category.
The opinions and forecasts expressed herein are solely those of Tom Lydon, and may not actually come to pass. Information on this site should not be used or construed as an offer to sell, a solicitation of an offer to buy, or a recommendation for any product.
DVYETF 101PEYPFMVIG


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In Touch with the Throne
by T. Austin-Sparks
Chapter 1- The Divine Basis of All Acceptable Prayer
As we contemplate the great ministry of prayer, I think it would be most helpful if at the outset we were reminded of the Divine basis of all acceptable prayer. Before we come to what may be more technical we must recognize the spiritual foundation of prayer, and that has to do with the ingredients and the sacredness of the incense which was to be burnt upon the golden altar referred to in Exodus 30, verse 34 onwards.
It is not my intention to take up these ingredients for exposition, but simply to note that the Lord stipulated certain things for the sweet spices, and then made a very strong statement in relation to them: "...ye shall not make to yourselves according to the composition thereof; it shall be unto thee holy for the Lord. Whosoever shall make like unto that, to smell thereto, shall even be cut off from his people." That is the basis of all acceptable prayer. As we know, the sweet spices, the ingredients of the incense, typify the moral excellencies of the Lord Jesus: His graces, virtues, merits and worthiness. The incense is not the prayers of the saints, but the merit and worthiness of the Lord Jesus put into the prayers, mingled with the prayers, and becoming that which brings the prayers in effectiveness and acceptance to the presence of God. There is completeness here, inasmuch as the ingredients are fourfold: the completeness of the graces and virtues and moral excellencies of Christ. And then, as you notice, salt (which always speaks of preserving things in life) is to be mingled with these other ingredients, and that seems to me to suggest that even the presentation of the moral excellencies of the Lord Jesus is always to be free from merely cold formality, which means death, and must remain a living and vital thing. It is so possible for a contemplation of the Lord Jesus to become a mechanical and formal thing, something which we accept in our minds as necessary and true, so that we come mechanically upon the merits of the Lord Jesus, when the Lord wants the thing to be continuously alive. With every fresh coming to the Lord there should be a fresh appreciation in life of the Lord Jesus. The salt is to keep things from death, to keep them in life, to keep them fresh and to keep them keen, and we are required to have an abiding keenness and aliveness of appreciation of these excellencies of the Lord Jesus. If it is so, then prayer is acceptable and effectual. The salt is not one of the ingredients, but something added in, and that something is that which is incorruptible.
Then we have the very definite stipulation that nothing like this was to be made by man himself or for himself. There was to be no imitation of this, and there was to be no private and personal appropriation of it by man. It was to be held always unto the Lord and to be holy to the Lord, and an infringement of that rule meant death. As we know, on one occasion the offering of false fire resulted in judgment and death. So here we are told that if this thing were made by man, an imitation of it made for himself and for his own personal ends, he would be cut off from among his people. The moral excellencies of the Lord Jesus cannot be imitated. Man cannot have them in himself, and anything feigned is unacceptable to God. There are no excellencies, and there are no glories like those of the Lord Jesus.
Here we have God most definitely and positively saying in effect that there is a uniqueness, an exclusiveness about the character of the Lord Jesus which is unapproachable by man and altogether apart from the very best that man can make of himself. God sees in the Lord Jesus that which is not anywhere else, and for any man to come imitating the merits of the Lord Jesus means death for that man. There is no ground of approach to God in our moral glories, and it is an awful blasphemy to talk about the sacrifice and the laying down of life on the part of men for their fellow-creatures being on a par with the laying down of His life by the Lord Jesus. That is utter blasphemy, and it must come under the most utter judgment of God. No! God sees nothing equal to the moral excellencies of His Son and forbids us to try to bring anything which is an imitation of those, a man-made thing, which does not recognize the uniqueness of the Lord Jesus.
So the ground of all acceptable prayer upon which we approach the Father is that of the moral excellencies and glories, and graces, and virtues, and merits, and worthiness of the Lord Jesus. That is very simple, but it is basic, and we do have to recognize that before we can get anywhere in the matter of prayer.
The Five Aspects of Prayer
Now we are able to go on with the subject of prayer itself. In the first place I want to say a little about the nature of prayer, or that which makes prayer, from its different standpoints. And while there may be many other aspects, I think we may say that prayer has five main aspects: communion, submission, petition, co-operation and conflict. Prayer is each one of these, and prayer in its fullness requires or involves all of them.
Prayer as Communion
Firstly, prayer is communion, prayer is fellowship, prayer is love opening the heart to God, and that is the foundation of all true forms of prayer. We may liken it to the two main activities of our human bodies. When we speak of the activities of these physical bodies we speak of what is organic, and then of what is functional. Organic trouble is a very serious thing, but a functional trouble may not be so serious, and prayer as communion takes the place of the organic in our bodies. One part of our organic make-up is our breathing, which we call respiration. Now, you never stop to think about that! You never reason that out and say: 'Shall I take another breath?' 'Shall I breathe?' or 'How many more breaths shall I take today?' You may do that over a meal, for that is functional, but you never do it over your respiration, for that is organic. You may discuss whether you will walk, or talk, or think, and you may tell yourself that you will stop thinking, or walking, or talking. That is functional. It is controlled and deliberate, but you do not do that over your breathing. That goes on. But if your respiration should give out, your walking, talking and thinking would give out, so that respiration is basic to everything else.
And prayer as communion is in the spiritual life what respiration is in the physical. Communion with God is a sustained thing, a thing like breathing which goes on, or should go on. It differs altogether from those periodical functional activities such as feeding. Respiration is quite involuntary and not just deliberate. We may call it a habit, and a habit is something which easily eludes the full consciousness of the one who is addicted to it. We do things habitually without being aware at the time that we are doing them. When a habit is fully formed it is just an unconscious part of our procedure, and communion with God is that - something that goes on. Prayer as communion is just that: we are in touch with the Lord and we spontaneously and involuntarily open our heart to Him. That is the first foundational thing in all prayer, and that is something to which we shall have to give attention. While we never discuss the question as to whether we will breathe or not, there is such a thing as developing right breathing, and in this sense we shall have to give attention to our breathing.
I think that of all the people I ever met who exemplified this organic life in fellowship with God, Dr. F. B. Meyer was outstanding. It did not matter where he was or what the circumstances were, he would suddenly stop, perhaps in dictating a letter, or in a conversation, or in a business meeting, and just say: 'Stop a minute!' and he prayed. And that was his habit in life. He seemed at any moment to be in touch with the Lord. It was like breathing to him, and I believe it represented one of the secrets of the fruitfulness of his life and the value of his judgment in the things of the Lord. Only those who had close touch with him, especially in difficult executive meetings, knew the value of that spiritual judgment which he brought to bear upon situations, and it seemed to come to him just like that, as out from the Lord.
Well, that is prayer in its foundation. It is communion, it is fellowship and the spontaneous opening of the heart to the Lord. It is not the whole range of prayer, but it is life lived at the back of all deliberate activities, life in touch with the Lord, and it is a very, very valuable thing. All other prayer is so much more effective if we have that. It is so different from life being just a matter of prayer in emergencies, and emergencies are very often much more critical than they need be because we have to find our way back to God instead of being there. I think that very often the Lord allows emergencies to come to us in order to restore fellowship with Himself which has been lost, and in the Lord's mind the abiding fruit of such an emergency is that we should not lose that fellowship again. We should keep hold of it.
Prayer as Submission
Then, secondly, prayer is submission, and here we must be aware of the possibility of a contradiction in terms. Prayer is submission. Passive inaction in what is called trust is not prayer. We have heard people speak of trust, which for them means just passivity and inaction, but it is not prayer. Submission is always active, not passive. Submission always involves the will; it does not dismiss the will. Now carefully keep hold of that. Many people think that just trustfully leaning on the Lord is submission, and their address to the Lord takes its character from such a state, but that is not prayer. Unquestioning acquiescence in things as we find them is not submission, and it is not prayer. Submission means getting into line with the Divine mind. That may mean conflict, it will almost invariably mean action, and it will bring in the volition. Prayer, from whatever standpoint you regard it, is always positive. It is never passive. Trust is another thing and does not come into the realm of prayer. Faith comes into the realm of prayer, but faith is always an active thing and never a passive thing. Faith may require a battle, and it very often does, to get to a place of rest, but the 'rest of faith' is not what we have called unquestioning acquiescence. The 'rest of faith' means that the last stage of adjustment to the Divine mind has been reached. Submission is not merely the suppression of desire, but the bringing of desire into line with the Divine will, and, if needs be, changing desire. Desire may be a very strong thing, a mighty propelling force, but a propelling force ought to be so much under control that it can be switched into the direction of an arresting force. To propel a train, a tremendous amount of power and force is required, but a modern train is so arranged that the mighty propelling force which carries it forward can in a moment be switched to its brakes to pull it to a halt. In prayer, where submission is in view, that is very often what has to be done. That strength of desire has to be arrested in one direction and brought into another direction, perhaps from propelling us forward to bringing us to a standstill in the will of God. That is submission. You see, submission is an active thing, a positive thing.
I anticipate that there will be many questions in this connection, but it is very important to recognize that prayer in its second aspect is submission, which is a positive thing. It is not just collapsing before God and saying: 'Well, I trust that everything will turn out all right. I just acquiesce in things as they are and leave it with the Lord.' Submission is coming positively into line with God's will, God's desire and God's mind. That very often means the deepest conflict, and sometimes heartbreak, but it is necessary. We will touch that again later.
Prayer as Petition
Thirdly, prayer is petition, request, or asking. That is all the same, whichever word you prefer. Here we touch what is perhaps the major aspect in the activity of prayer. Undoubtedly it has the largest place in Scripture, and it really defines the meaning of the word 'prayer.'
From a scriptural standpoint prayer is rightly taken to mean petition, and if you go through the Word of God you will find that prayer represents petition in an overwhelming measure. Perhaps we do not need very much argument along that line to prove or persuade that it is so, but I am quite sure that before we are through we shall see that a note of emphasis is necessary, for, after all, our main problems arise in the direction of asking, in the realm of petition. We shall go on praying, of course, and we shall go on asking, in spite of them all. I trust that we shall, but it is as well for us to have the ground well laid for petition, for request, for asking, and for us to recognize clearly, and be fully assured, that there is an objective efficacy in prayer. I do not doubt but that all of us at some time or other have a little catch in our prayers of request and asking because of a little mental something that comes in and undermines certainty. What I am talking about is the objective efficacy of prayer, that is, prayer which has power to change things objectively and not merely have an influence upon us inwardly, prayer which brings answers outside of ourselves. Petition, request, asking, as set over against all false arguments, such as: Divine omniscience makes prayer unnecessary; God knows everything; He knows what He will do, how He will do it, and He knows the end of all things from the beginning, so why pray? Or again: Divine goodness makes prayer superfluous. God is good, compassionate, merciful and longsuffering. He will only do the best, for He is love, so prayer is superfluous. Why petition the Lord to do good, to be gracious, to show kindness and to do the best for us? Why not trust the goodness of God? Prayer is superfluous. Or once more: Divine foreordination makes prayer useless. If God has settled things eternally, predestination holds good, so it is useless to pray. Or, running alongside of that, Divine sovereignty - the fact that God rules and overrules, He is in the throne of government and has all things in His hands and in His power - makes prayer lack of faith. Why ask, why pray, why petition, why request, when all things are in God's hands and He is ruling and over-ruling, governing and directing in His sovereignty? Once more: the Divine vastness of law and purpose makes prayer presumptuous. It is presumption to ask God to change things when He has fixed everything according to His eternal laws and things are moving in correspondence with a set order. It is presumption to expect the Lord to go out of His order, or to ask Him to do so. (See chapter 4.)
Now, you may not have put things like that, and those questions may never have arisen in your minds in that way, but I venture to suggest that, whether those words have been in your mind or not, whether you have put things like that or not, what is contained in them has from time to time crept subtly into your prayer-life, has affected it and taken some of the grip out of it. When you have been praying an indefinable something has crept in: 'Well, the Lord knows what He will do so why should I beseech Him? The Lord is good and gracious, so why should I ask Him? The Lord knows the end from the beginning, so why should I not just trust Him? The Lord's purposes are fixed, so why should I begin to wrestle with Him to change things? He will work out His purpose and He is of set mind, so who can change Him?' Prayer is affected, if not by the actual framing of the language mentally, by that sense of contradiction which comes in. All these things creep into the mind or heart and have a tendency to deter or weaken in the matter of prayer, and we have to deal with these more fully as we go on. We must recognize that the modernism of our time does set aside the objective efficacy of prayer and only gives to it the place of a subjective value, that is, its salutary influence upon the one who prays in making a change of, perhaps, demeanour, or mind, or reason, by certain qualities of reverence and such like.
Before we take up some of these things more fully, let me say that there are two things to bear in mind always in petitional prayer. The first is the basic need of the other two aspects, communion and submission. For petitional prayer, in which, after all that I have said, we believe, and with which, after all, we shall go on, nevertheless the basic need is communion with the Lord so that prayer does not resolve itself into merely asking God for things, but comes out of a heart-fellowship with Him. And it needs submission, so that our petitions are not for our own ends or personal desires, but, having been brought by submission into line with the Divine will, are based upon oneness with the mind and will of God. You will find that I am only putting in another way what is made perfectly clear in the Word of God, namely: "If you shall ask anything according to His will." That is submission.
Then the other thing to bear in mind in petitional prayer is that, in view of all the mental difficulties which I have mentioned, it becomes pre-eminently an act of faith. It is these mental difficulties which very largely make petitional prayer an act of faith. Yes, argue if you will along all these lines, about the sovereignty of God, and predestination, and so on; nevertheless, we believe that God will change things. In spite of all the arguments which would undercut and weaken prayer, we are going on asking. That makes petitional prayer pre-eminently an act of faith. You may say that is a very cheap way of getting out of it. Well, we have not finished yet, but that is the conclusion at which we have to arrive. We do not want to get out of this cheaply.
Prayer as Co-operation
There are yet two other aspects of prayer, one of which we will deal with in this chapter, and the other we will leave for later.
The fourth aspect is co-operation, and this is the governing object of prayer. It gets behind everything else and will set us right as to praying and to prayer in all its aspects. Communion, submission, petition and conflict are all adjusted and set right when we recognize that prayer is co-operation, for all these other aspects and phases of prayer are for co-operation. Co-operation is the motive, the truth, the life, the liberty, the power and the glory of prayer. The motive of prayer is co-operation with God. What prayer is in truth is cooperation with God. To have life in prayer we have to recognize that it is co-operation with God, and we get life when prayer is entered into as co-operation with God. If we are not in co-operation with God we may be sure that we shall have no life in prayer. If we are really cooperating with God we shall know we have life in prayer.
Liberty in prayer comes along the line of co-operation with God, and it is not until we get that adjustment, that coming into line with God's purpose, that we 'get through,' as we say. Immediately we get into line with the purpose of God and actively co-operate, then we get movement and there is liberty.
In the same way the power of prayer is related to co-operation with God. Co-operation with God is power in prayer. Think of Elijah, and others, coming into co-operation with God and the resulting effectiveness of their prayer. What is accomplished!
And then the glory of prayer. Prayer becomes a glorious thing when it is really intelligently and spiritually a matter of co-operation with God. Co-operation eliminates selfishness and everything that is merely personal. That is one of its chief values, for it means that prayer should bring us into the Divine plan, the Divine method, the Divine time and the Divine spirit, or disposition. All these things are important - not only to know the plan, but God's method of fulfilling His plan; not only to know the plan and the method, but to come into God's time; and then, not only to be on that executive side, but to be in a right spirit for the thing when the time has come, to do it in the Spirit, in the demeanor of the Lord. All that is co-operation. We may be in a right thing, in a right way, at a right time, and yet not be helping the Lord because we are in a wrong spirit that is not the spirit of the Lord. Prayer in co-operation with God is to make adjustment in all these matters.
There are three factors which are essential to prayer. Firstly, desire; secondly, faith; and thirdly, volition, or will. I just make that statement and leave it as it is.
Then when we put together communion, submission and petition we have co-operation. When they go together and are adjusted to each other, in line with each other and with the Divine will, then you have co-operation.
Perhaps, in closing that phase of things, we might remind ourselves that very often the Lord calls for an initial exercise on our part before He comes in on His side. He very often requires an initiative from us in the matter of desire, of faith and of volition. It is like the drop of water that has to be put into the old-fashioned pump to produce the stream, and you do not get the flow until you have given the pump something. And the Lord just calls for that on our part which may be, in comparison, a very little, but which makes it possible for Him to come out in His fullness. Very often prayer at its commencement represents exercise of will, faith and desire on our part, and then the Lord responds to that. It may be that the Lord does not respond until He sees the desire put into faith's deliberate action of the will to get through to Him. There is very often a good deal of discouragement met with at the commencement of prayer, and the danger is that we should give up too soon because we do not seem to be getting anywhere. The Lord is just asking for that drop of water to start the flow!
So far we have only mentioned four aspects of prayer, and have referred to some of the difficulties which arise in connection with them, but we have not cleared up those difficulties. We shall give two whole chapters to the fifth aspect of prayer, and then proceed to deal at greater length with the difficulties by way of seeking to answer them. These difficulties, however, are really only in the realm of the mind, and while they may sometimes get in the way of faith, faith will triumph over them, and leave behind a history of mighty things in spite of them.
[ Contents ] [ Next Chapter ]


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By David Murray in Features, Turntables & Tech December 14, 2020
New turntables for every budget.
In 2020, an increased amount of time at home saw people around the world diving into a tonne of music to make things feel better. For many, listening to beloved songs while commuting to and from work used to be the norm. Now that we're confined to the house more than ever before, new territories of home listening sonic consumption have arisen, making your audio set-up an essential consideration.
Few things can compare to placing a record on a turntable, and having a refined listening experience like no other. Vinyl has also been back for a while, and it's very much here to stay. As the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) reported that vinyl sales surpassed CDs for the first time since the 1980s, it reconfirmed this trend.
This growing popularity has seen some negative outcomes. The influx of cheaper made, all-in-one turntable systems are more prevalent than ever. Yes they may seem more accessible, and yes they may seem convenient. However, they are terrible for your records, destroying the vinyl grooves each time you play them, and hurting your overall experience in the long run. We strongly recommended you stay away from these models.
On the other hand, a lot of positives can be attributed to the increased attention placed on vinyl. An influx of modernly designed, audiophile centered, future-ready turntables can be found across all price brackets. Additionally, features such as high-quality Bluetooth and WiFi capabilities can now be found already built into some decks.
Whether you're new to vinyl or a seasoned hobbyist, it's the perfect time to get a new turntable.
Below, we look at our favourite budget, mid-range, and high-end turntable models released in 2020. Stay tuned for our next tech round-ups this week featuring the best headphones, speakers and amplifiers from the past 12 months.
Audio Technica LP120XBT-USB
Pros: USB input, Bluetooth, 33-1/3, 45, and 78 RPM speed options, built-in phono pre-amplifier, removable headshell
Cons: Not suitable for serious DJing
Verdict: The LP120XBT-USB is an easy to use, Bluetooth ready, feature-loaded turntable – perfect for those looking for an entry point into the world of vinyl.
At £290, Audio Technica delivers a more than suitable budget-friendly turntable that is packed with features. Not only does the LP-120XBT-USB offer a three-speed, direct-drive experience, it has built-in Bluetooth to pair the turntable with speakers, USB out for digital recordings of your records, a built-in phono pre-amplifier, and a pitch change slider that is equipped for those who want to dabble into vinyl DJing. It also includes Audio Technica's versatile AT-VM95E cartridge, which allows you to easily upgrade to any VM95 series stylus without the need to replace the entire cartridge.
Pro-Ject Debut Carbon Evo
Pros: 2M red Cartridge, belt driven, three-speed, speed control button
Cons: No built in phono pre-amplifier
Verdict: Pro-ject's Debut Carbon Evo is a well-deserved evolution of the original Debut Carbon's audiophile-orientated, first foundation.
The Debut Carbon was a fabled turntable known for its top of the line, entry-level audiophile experience. All the traits that made the original model great, like its minimal design, carbon fiber tonearm, and ease of use, are still here. What's new is a redesigned motor suspension system, damped and height-adjustable aluminum feet, and a refined platter. These come together to give you a clearer sound than ever before. A speed control button is included as well, meaning you can easily switch between 33, 45, and 78 rpm.
VPI Prime 21/21+
Price: £4,500 / £6,500
Pros: Unique, 3D-printed unipivot tonearm, record clamp included
Cons: Phono pre-amplifier needed
Verdict: The Prime 21/21+ turntables offer a tailored audiophile experience in a package that is easy to assemble
VPI brings ease of use to the high-end, audiophile world. The new Prime 21/21+ offers a uniquely designed, 3D-printed unipivot tonearm that helps reduce unwanted distortion and response, top of the line aluminum platter, and a screw-down stainless steel/Delrin clamp. (Clamps are usually sold separately for many decks.) The Prime 21/21+ isolation feet are borrowed from its older sibling, the £15,000, VPI HW-40 anniversary edition, so rest assured that you'll also be getting some of the best isolation feet out there to aid in balancing and dampening unwanted vibrations on this deck. The entire thing can also be easily assembled in 21 minutes too.
Audio-Technica AT-LP5x
Pros: Direct Drive, Removable headshell, built in phono stage
Cons: No Bluetooth
Verdict: The AT-LP5X offers a refined experience that's a little bit more robust and straight to the point than the LP120XBT-USB, perfect for those who want a more streamlined experience and a sleeker-looking, budget-friendly turntable.
The LP5X is Audio Technica's newly upgraded model of their top-selling AT-LP5. For £350, you're getting a robust, three-speed direct-drive turntable that is extremely easy to use and set-up. A removable headshell makes it possible to upgrade to higher quality cartridges for improved sound. It also includes a built-in phono pre-amplifier (that you can switch on or off), and a newly added pre-amplifier gain switch for moving coil or moving magnet cartridges, making this turntable both accessible and adaptable. This deck is recommended for those who want something in between both the price range, and the overall experience, of the AT-LP120XBT-USB and Debut Carbon EVO mentioned above.
Artwork by Patrick Savile.
More by David Murray
MasterSounds collaborates with artist Nicolas Dixon on new turntable weight and slipmat
Pioneering blind synthesist Pauline Anne Strom has died, aged 74
Our 10 favourite new vinyl releases this week (15th January)
Cuban jazz, funk, and disco from 1975-1985 collected in new compilation
David Bowie celebrated in new covers album, Modern Love
Romanian sound artist Alina Kalancea fuses gothic vocals with dark ambient on Impedance
"Underground punk porn classic", Bonking Berlin Bastards' soundtrack gets first vinyl release
Gilles Peterson and Jean-Paul Maunick channel DIY funk on new STR4TA album
Asha Puthli's cosmic disco album The Devil is Loose returns
Somali group 4 Mars' music collected in Super Somali Sounds from the Gulf of Tadjoura
The Vinyl Factory Newsletter
New releases, VF exclusives, features, films and more.
Our favourite music books of 2020
The best amplifiers of 2020
Our favourite soundtracks of 2020
Bandcamp expands vinyl pressing service for artists
Don Cherry's Cherry Jam EP gets new vinyl release
Saxophonist and composer Nubya Garcia explores her creative process in new film


text:
Q: Regex matching HTML option tags which are unselected and also selected Can some recommend a regex to return the value when an item is selected as well as unselected as seen below.
<option value="32_1002_ACCT1001" selected="selected">ACCT1001 -- Accounting 1a</option>
<option value="32_1002_ACCT1002">ACCT1002 -- Accounting 1b</option>

My regex currently works only for the unselected option seen below.
(<option value="([^"]+)">([^<]+)<\/option>)

EDIT:
Thanks for the great responses guys, however I should have been a bit more detailed and specific.
I am using it in a screen-scraper extractor pattern as follows:
<option value="~@COURSE_ID@~">~@COURSE_CODE@~ -- ~@COURSE_NAME@~</option>

where ~@COURSE_ID@~ specifies the following regex query:
([^"]+)

Works fine for all option tags EXCEPT the first one which is already selected.
I am testing out your suggestions at the moment, but if anyone wants to jump in with a sure fire solution that would be great.
I'm really struggling with this one, nothing seems to be working!

A: First, its bad idea to use regex for parsing HTML. Use some html parser. (I am tired of writing this, but I just put it as a first sentence as people tend to downvote immediately without this statement :) )
Anyways, just modify your regex to account for all attributes like this
(<option[^>]*?>([^<]+)<\/option>)

Well, I dont say its an optimal one, its just with minimal modifications to yours

A: I agree with Kobi but if you really want to use regex here is a solution in perl :
#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;

while (<DATA>) {
    print $_;
    if (/^(<option value="([^"]+).*?(?:selected="selected")?.*)$/) {
        print "match\t value=$2\n";
    } else {
        print "NOT match\n";
    }
}

__DATA__
<option value="32_1002_ACCT1001" selected="selected">ACCT1001 -- Accounting 1a</option>
<option value="32_1002_ACCT1002">ACCT1002 -- Accounting 1b</option>

output :
<option value="32_1002_ACCT1001" selected="selected">ACCT1001 -- Accounting 1a</option>
match    value=32_1002_ACCT1001
<option value="32_1002_ACCT1002">ACCT1002 -- Accounting 1b</option>
match    value=32_1002_ACCT1002

A: Here's an alternative way to load these values in C# using the Html Agility Pack:
HtmlWeb web = new HtmlWeb();
HtmlDocument doc = web.Load("http://jsbin.com/unasu/");
HtmlNodeCollection options = doc.DocumentNode.SelectNodes("//option[@value]");
IEnumerable<string> values = options.Select(o => o.Attributes["value"].Value);

Loading a local file, for completeness, is done using:
HtmlDocument doc = new HtmlDocument();
doc.Load(@"c:\file.html");

As clearly seen, this solution is a lot more robust than a regex - it won't fail with most code, doesn't care about attributes order, quote formats (single double or none), and many, many more common cases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


No country is sheltered and secure; no piece of land is placid and tranquil. Where we are going, do we know?
Is this the same devout and charismatic land of Buddha, Mahavir, Gandhi and Mother Teresa who taught us the profound way of life?
Soni is a Life Coach author, who works for one mission and one purpose, i.e, to touch and transform myriad lives through the might of her pen.
Soni has authored "Wise Up" (No Learning is as big as Life itself). A semi Biography, brimming with life lessons of worldliness and wisdom that heaped upon her soul, as she walked hand in hand with life, breathing, feeling and touching it, moment by moment. The book is a worldwide success and has got rave reviews.
As an author, she is bold and not afraid of thinking out of the box and presenting it before the readers. Like any other author, she has her distinctive style of writing, in dressing up her thoughts, thereby, expressing her story in an individualistic manner. First person is her favorite flavor of writing, though a difficult concept in writing, she swims comfortably.
Her new venture happens to be a work of fiction, intertwined beautifully in a single story, formulated out of a burning issue, amidst the banner of life coaching. She is trying to create her own niche of life coaching, hitting upon important and contemporary issues.
"Why have terrorists chosen Mumbai, just because Mumbaikars are audacious and adventurous? Is it an easy access? Are they jealous of "Care a Damn" attitude of the Mumbaikars? Are they scared of the beautiful mingling of various religions and cultures under one roof? No matter what the reason may be; religion called "Terrorism" is the most aggressive and alarming philosophy giving impulse to reign of terror in the entire world.
Is this the same land, where love, compassion and care were the consciousness of people? No religion promotes terrorism instead terrorism has become the sharp cut religion of the world.
The book is all about Cynicism of People at large, across the world about followers of the faith of Islam, which exposes Muslims to prejudice of the society. Most of the time such prejudices results in numerous troubles and tribulations, ostracization, misery and torture. The author has woven a beautiful emotional story around this stark realty of the world, where an innocent soul is exploited by heartless manipulators, who play with his sentiments, use him and throw him in the dumps when their purpose is served. The system and the society are not able to see through what is obvious.
One of its kind. Not to be missed.
4) Be innocent but not naive.
A complete masterpiece by Soni Shalini titled "BOMBay- Tryst with terrorist"
A must for the young minds.
A complete Blockbuster. Amazing art of story telling. Kudos to the author. I recommend. It's a collector's pride. Heartiest congratulations Soni Shalini.


This procedure, in which an artificial hip joint is implanted is usually recommended for patients with hip arthritis or other disorders that have tried managing the condition with other approaches without success. Candidates are those for whom pain and discomfort in this region seriously hinder day to day activities.
· Difficulty walking up stairs and standing up after sitting.
· Persistent moderate to severe pain in the hips.
· Hip pain sometimes or often affects sleep.
· Degradation at the hip joint causes stiffness and affects range of motion.
· Discomfort can lead to limping.
· Other means of management of the condition, including taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), steroid injections, physical therapy sessions, or the use of a cane or walker have not alleviated the condition.
· Patient is fully grown, between the ages of 19 and 90.
· An existing infection, or a patient being prone to them, serve as a contraindication for this procedure. Among the dangers are that the artificial hip will become infected and need to be removed.
· Tobacco smokers and users of other sorts of nicotine products face higher risk of complication as well as the need for revision surgery. Doctors will advise that potential patients quit or severely cut down on the habit.
· Patients that have severe osteoporosis, a progressive degeneration of bone mass, may not be good candidates for total hip replacement. This is because bones become brittle and may not be able to support the prosthesis. Milder cases may not be a huge issue but will affect how the surgeon approaches the procedure.
· Other conditions like dementia or alcoholism may render the patient unable to follow pre and post-surgical instructions. Since falls are more common in these populations, there's an increased risk of failure or further damage after the procedure.
· Obesity can hinder the efficacy of total hip replacement. While it's not a deal-breaker, patients may be advised to lose weight prior to surgery.
Ultimately, the decision to undergo total hip replacement lies with the doctor and patient. Medical staff will weigh medical history and current condition as they assess the benefits and drawbacks of surgery.
If you're thinking about a total hip replacement, there's no better team to work with than the one at Onward Orthopedics. The experts here employ the latest in techniques and technologies to ensure the best possible results for their patients. Learn more about what they do by calling (800) 577-1693 today!


text:
Rep. Giarrusso Defends Town Leaders; Decries 'Progressives'
by Elizabeth McNamara | May 21, 2018
By Elizabeth F. McNamara
In recent weeks, state Representative Anthony Giarrusso (Dist. 30) sent out a letter to registered fellow Republicans in East Greenwich, urging them to support the Town Council majority, saying that to do otherwise would be to risk a "hostile takeover" by progressives and special interests.
"One of RI's best-run communities for years under Republican leadership, the town is now under siege from the "progressive" left and special interest groups eager to change the political landscape. They aren't interested in facts. They prefer to shout down those who stand to speak at Town Council or School Committee meetings, skew the facts to suggest wrongdoing and ignore the advice and assessments of professionals who focus only on the facts, not the politics."
Read the full letter here: Giarrusso letter April 30.
There has been a marked uptick in attendance at Town Council meetings over the past 12 months, since last year's budget was passed without what had become the regular budget-vetting process, and giving the schools a third of what they had asked. Then there was the swift departure of then-Town Manager Tom Coyle, who was replaced by town consultant Gayle Corrigan. Just days into her tenure, Corrigan fired three staff members, replacing one with a close business associate.
Since that time, the mood at council meetings has been tense at times and occasionally rowdy. The vast majority of people who address the council during public comment have spoken out against the actions of the council majority. Council members have been mocked by some in attendance; some in the audience have been mocked by the council.
(School Committee meetings have not seen a marked change in attendance this year. The vitriol seen at council meetings has not carried over to the School Committee.)
Giarrusso himself has not been a regular attendee at Town Council or School Committee meetings and, until now, had stayed quiet on town issues, saying he had no role to play.
For instance, after Superior Court Judge Susan McGuirl ruled against the town last November, overturning the appointment of Town Manager Gayle Corrigan among other issues, resident Brian Franklin reached out to Giarrusso, questioning what he called Giarrusso's "absence of leadership."
Giarrusso responded to Franklin saying his role was to "represent the people of Rhode Island and my district and has nothing to do with town level politics."
Giarrusso's recent letter does not suggest he has sway over events in East Greenwich but he does paint a picture of what he sees as what could happen under "progressive liberal" control:
"Higher spending as we extend all manner of benefits without regard to their financial impact. Public employee unions that write their own contracts and consider the town to be their union ATM. And if experience elsewhere is any indication, town government will be involved in all manner of social engineering projects that distract us from the basic role of town government: managing public services and public finances well."
He uses his position as an elected official to put out a call to arms:
"Raise your hand and do your part. East Greenwich needs the support of its best citizens now more than ever before."
East Greenwich Republican Kevin Roberts was not impressed with the letter, particularly since he did not receive it initially. (Giarrusso's letter appears to have gone out in two separate mailings, missing some registered Republicans in the first go-around.)
"I'm put off with how he wants to re-engage," Roberts said in an interview. "He hasn't been involved in what been happening in East Greenwich. Sending out this letter is not the way to try to re-engage."
"I think Mr. Giarrusso missed an opportunity here," resident Camille Speca, a Democrat, wrote on the Facebook page, East Greenwich Parents for Excellence. "Instead of sending out a negative accusatory email, he could have sent one out to all constituents that acknowledges the unhappiness in town and encourages everyone to work together. Isn't that what we all want in the end?"
Giarrusso has not said whether he is running for re-election and candidates don't file their intent to run for another month, but Justine Caldwell, a Democrat, has said she is running for the District 30 seat.
In a press release about Giarrusso's letter, Caldwell wrote, "We need a representative who is bringing people together, not tearing them apart. Democrats don't believe we should 'extend all manner of benefits without regard to their financial impact.' And if Democrats win office in a town, that's not a 'hostile takeover.' That's politics. Finally, Republicans aren't our town's 'best citizens,' Rep. Giarrusso. We have great citizens of every political affiliation in this town, and that's why my door-to-door campaign talks to every voter: Republican, Democrat, or otherwise."
Support local news – donate to East Greenwich News! Click on the Donate button below. We can't do it without your help.
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WS-I: (BP2120) A binding has operations that are not unique.
Though our example is perfectly aligned with code-reusability principal and for very large projects, it is the best approach to follow but the WSDL conventions expect you to have distinct element declared corresponding to every message in WSDL.
Yea, I agree with you that it is a debatable topic!
WS-I: A problem occured while running the WS-I WSDL conformance check: org.eclipse.wst.wsi.internal.analyzer.WSIAnalyzerException: The WS-I Test Assertion Document (TAD)document was either not found or could not be processed.The WSDLAnalyzer was unable to validate the given WSDL File.
It comes when Eclipse is unable to download TAD libraries because of various reasons.


Egypt Suez Canal Authority signed a memorandum of understanding with Italian equipment supplier Danieli, building a steel plant in the Suez Canal Economic Zone.
According to the agreement signed on August 17th, the plant will be located at Ain Sokhna, whose steel rebar production will reach 1.2 million tons annual.
The steel plant is expected to begin operation from the end of this year, with an initial production capacity of 600,000 tonnes annual.
Suez Canal Authority said that in the second phase of investment, that is, after the first phase completion of seven months, the plant will increase the additional 600,000 tons of rebar production capacity, as well as supporting the smelting and casting equipment.
In early June, Egypt imposed provisional anti-dumping duties on rebar imported from China, Turkey and Ukraine. So since then, its domestic demand for steel rebar had become very strong.


text:
Rauschnick ist

 der deutsche Name einer Gemeinde im ehemaligen Kreis Heiligenbeil, Ostpreußen, heute russisch: Timirjasewo (Kaliningrad, Bagrationowsk), Siedlung im Rajon Bagrationowsk, Oblast Kaliningrad, Russland

Rauschnick ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Gottfried Peter Rauschnick (1778–1835), deutscher Schriftsteller

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
New Acting Managing Director at Defence Housing Australia appointed
by Rachael Whiteley-Black | Nov 02, 2015
Accomplished senior public servant Ms Jan Mason has been appointed as Acting Managing Director of Defence Housing Australia (DHA).
DHA Chairman the Hon Sandy Macdonald said that the DHA Board was very pleased to have appointed Ms Mason—a former Deputy Secretary of the Department of Finance and a distinguished public sector leader—as Acting Managing Director effective from today.
Ms Mason's appointment follows the departure of Mr Peter Howman, who is pursuing other opportunities.
'Ms Mason comes into the role with significant experience in both the public and private sector, particularly in her recent role at the Department of Finance. She is highly respected and has overseen a range of major projects that have been successfully delivered for Government,' Mr Macdonald said.
'Ms Mason will help DHA build on our track record of success. The outstanding service we provide to our clients, customers and contractors, as well as the support we provide our 600 staff across Australia, will continue and improve under her leadership.
'We will continue to support the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and its operations, and deliver high quality housing through our growth as an award-winning residential developer. Our highly successful Sale and Leaseback Program will also remain an integral part of our operations and capital raising.'
Find out more about Ms Mason by reading her biography.


Doors open, and doors close. There is one door in my life that I seemingly have cared about over all others that occasionally peeks open, as if wedged outward upon its tight hinges and overly-secure lock. Light peeks out, love even, if only for a moment. And then, it inevitably closes, tightly, lips pursed, as if the opening never occurred. At this time in my life, it is the first time that I have felt that its closing is not my fault.
We took a walk on the beach one day, in the summer. It must have been late summer because I remember the slanting sunshine: the warmth of it. We walked along the beach in Salisbury Cove: the part of the cove that would later be left behind for the quieter end, off Old Bar Harbor Road. My father and I, probably five or six years old, walked the beach.
The beach in that part of the world is gray with shale and rusty with ironstone. The stone forms in thin layers and is cracked into a thousand million pieces with the roots of trees. While they crack the stone, the root hairs also hold its myriad pieces in space, braving winter's storms and the shrinking-expanding process of freeze and thaw. The beach itself is made of tiny to large pieces of stone, too many to count. There is no sand here; the closet thing is tiny pieces of basalt that have been tumbled and thrashed for eons. Here and there are pieces of kelp, ends of rope, bottles, a jellyfish or two, sea urchin skeletons and so many mussel shells. Mussel shells are demure on top: brown, black and white, but reveal indigo or lavender pearl inside. I have always loved them and they were my brother's favorites when he was a little boy. I have many memories of Carew carrying mussel shells by the dozen back to our cottage.
On the day of the walk, my father and I sat on the top of what seemed like a very tall rock, out on the edge of the beach. I don't know how long we sat there, only that it was warm. Over time, the tide came in and separated us from the beach. In reality, the water was probably 2 or 3 feet deep, but I couldn't cross, and my dad hoisted me onto his shoulders and carried me to the beach, to safety.
My father has many stories. When I was studying for the GRE, which I never used for graduate school, I learned a word, legerdemain. Meaning slight of hand, I always thought it applied very well to my father. He is a gifted storyteller who holds his own cards tight to the chest. He plays no personal hand: very little is divulged. He is like the Wizard of Oz, hidden behind a curtain.
During the process that I related to readers here, I realized that I had held guilt as my definitive characteristic for twenty years. It took hard and heavy realizations to see that I had to let that go in order to be happy and be in my present reality. It took risk and resulted in reward, but the path was frightening and new. I think that guilt such as this is ultimately useless, and a barrier between ourselves and those who would really love us. Nothing anyone has done, save very few barbarous actions, could result in someone not being worthy of love from those who choose to do so.
When I think of my father and his life, I can see a life of a world traveler, an instructor, a bridge jumper, an oil man, a golf player, a Mercedes lover, an eldest son, a highly sensitive person, a Vietnam veteran, an alcoholic, a rage-oholic, and a depressive. But despite all of that, my father is worthy of love. However, it would seem that he believed he was not, and so acted out so intensely as if to prove that fact. My mother, my brother, myself, his friends and his family are here to prove that otherwise, despite his faults.


text:
With this album Mick Kolassa has once again returned to his acoustic roots. No amplified instruments were used on any track, making this album purely acoustic. Once again working with producing partner Jeff Jensen, they have assembled a true Free-Range Blues experience! Opening with Bo Carter's 1931 gem "My Pencil Won't Write No More" Mick let's everyone know that this album is about fun! The second track is a remake of Mick's song "Wasted Youth", this acoustic version features the one and only Bobby Rush on harmonica. The great John Prine's "Daddy's Little Pumpkin" is next, followed by Mick's "Used to Be" which features Doug McLeod on guitar. Continuing Mick's hobby of "uncovering" songs that fit well into a blues form, Hank William's "I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry" is presented in a very different way. Doug McLeod also played on Mick's original "My Woman She's SO Mean" - a song about a very troubled and troubling lady. Next, he is joined by the one and only Watermelon Slim as they celebrate a very bluesy version of Joni Mitchell's "Woodstock" - a song they've played together often. Mick's song "Why?" asks a critical question of an overly critical friend. The old standard "Sunny Side of the Street" lightens the mood, and the lightness continues with Mick's song "Bless His Heart" - which is built around the classic southern put down. The album closes with Mick's homage to cheese - of all kinds
Label: ENDLESS BLUES
They Call Me Uncle Mick
Artist: Mick Kolassa
1. My Pencil Won't Write No More
2. Wasted Youth
3. Daddy's Little Pumpkin
4. Used To Be
5. I'm So Lonesome I Could Cry
6. My Woman She's So Mean
7. Woodstock
8. Why
9. Sunny Side of the Street
10. Bless His Heart
11. The Cheese Song


H.R.2387 To establish an Employee Ownership and Participation Initiative, and for other purposes.
Sponsored by Jared Polis (D). Introduced on May 4, 2017 in the House Education and the Workforce Committee. The last major action was Referred to the House Committee on Education and the Workforce which took place on May 4, 2017.
This legislation was co-sponsored by Mark Pocan (D) and John Delaney (D).


text:
Daniel Høegh (Odense, Dinamarca, 6 de enero de 1991) es un futbolista danés que juega de defensa en el Randers FC de la Superliga de Dinamarca.

Selección
Ha sido internacional con la  en una ocasión.

Clubes

Palmarés

Títulos nacionales

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Ficha en Transfermarkt.es
 Ficha en Eredivisie.nl

Futbolistas de Dinamarca
Futbolistas del Odense BK
Futbolistas del Fútbol Club Basilea
Futbolistas del Sport Club Heerenveen
Futbolistas del Midtjylland
Futbolistas del Randers FC
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-18 de Dinamarca
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-19 de Dinamarca
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-20 de Dinamarca
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-21 de Dinamarca
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol de Dinamarca en los años 2010
Nacidos en Odense