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Nigeria vs Argentina
On paper, federations generally seem like a good idea. A federal state can pool the resources of what would otherwise be separate economies to provide public goods more efficiently, which is what states are there for, at least from an economist's perspective. Public goods, to expand Samuelson's 1954 definition a little bit,1 are those which can be enjoyed in common, either because they can be consumed by each individual without detracting from anyone else's consumption (e.g. national defence or clean air), or because one individual's consumption of them makes everyone else better off through positive externalities, even if not everyone can consume that good or use that service at the same time (e.g. highways or public, free-at-the-point-of-access healthcare).2
A federal state is efficient at providing those public goods because it benefits from economies of scale, as fixed and initial costs to set up the bureaucracy and infrastructure needed can be very high and so the marginal cost of expanding the provision tends to decrease with scale (think about the cost of creating a judicial system, and how adding every additional judge afterwards is cheaper once you have the system up and running). Large federal states (NB: not big federal governments necessarily!) also appeal to economists because they provide the legal and political framework for market integration: without internal tariffs for commodities or restrictions to the movement of factors, the allocation of capital and labour should be more efficient, encouraging specialization in the comparative advantage of each province (because, as Adam Smith said and Brexit will perhaps prove once again, the extent of the division of labour is limited by market size).
Federations are also machines of spatial redistribution. They redistribute fiscal resources generated in one province3 either individually to another province (via federal subsidies or transfers) or to all of them (when using those resources to support federal-level public goods, as in defence or monetary policy, from which the rich provinces get less utility relative to the share they've paid for). Federations redistribute policy responsibility spatially as well, when they decide which level of government should organize the provision of the public goods in question.
The problem with federations, then, is that sharing is difficult, as most kids learn early on (and a particularly difficult lesson that is when, like me, they don't have siblings). By sharing I mean really sharing—economic solidarity as opposed to charity: giving a non-negligible part of your income, enough to make you less well-off significantly, to someone poorer. When I was a kid for some reason the inner joy brought about by the warm glow of giving wasn't enticing enough: if, through no fault of my own, I happened to get better gifts than my cousin, then why should I compromise and lend him my shiny new Batmobile for a whole weekend? To put in terms of today's World Cup match: if you're 1900s Buenos Aires and happen to have the best seaport in the country and a very productive export agriculture, why should you not be allowed to keep most of Argentina's tariff revenue? And if oil reserves are concentrated in the Niger delta, why should the majority of oil revenue be spent elsewhere in Nigeria? Also, many economists would say, making very productive regions pay disproportionally (via increased taxes) for the costs of a federation could distort incentives to invest in them, thereby affecting the regional engines of national economic growth.
Belle époque Argentina (c. 1870-1913) and post-civil war Nigeria (since 1970) faced these problems, compounded by challenging population geographies. By 1869, half of the Argentine population lived far from the littoral areas, where most of the capacity for raising public revenue was concentrated. Buenos Aires and Entre Ríos had been home for decades to an extremely productive livestock export economy, and Santa Fe became the centre of a rapidly growing grain agriculture, which would eventually make Argentina the world's largest exporter of corn and linseed, and one of the three largest wheat producers in the world. The inner provinces, in the west (the region known as Cuyo) and the north, were largely disconnected from the agricultural export-led boom, but they were home to comparatively large populations, which reflected the preceding history of the River Plate in the colonial period, when the gravitational pull of the economy came from the Potosí mines to the north-west (already by 1809 more than half of the 'Argentine' population was in the north). Looking at this pattern, and comparing it to Australia's population geography concentrated in the most productive states (New South Wales and Victoria), Gerchunoff and Torre have argued that the Argentine population was in the wrong place.4 Until 1890, each provincial government was responsible for raising its own taxes, whilst the federal government kept all the tariff revenue. The classic problem of instability of fiscal revenue based on taxing foreign trade led the federal government to create some new internal taxes, superimposed on provincial ones, but tariffs still accounted for three quarters of revenues to the federal coffers, and fiscal federalism remained very limited. Inflows of capital and labour (in the form of hundreds of thousands of mostly southern Europeans) were therefore concentrated in Buenos Aires (both the city and the surrounding province), which became home to almost half of Argentina's population by 1914, whereas the west and north's combined share dropped to under 30%.
In 1970s Nigeria, the demographically largest regions were geographically, and to a large extent, ethnically separated from the comparatively more sparsely populated delta states which held the oil reserves ultimately responsible for more than 80% of national fiscal revenue. Until 1970, fiscal federalism in Nigeria had been limited by the derivation principle established during British rule as early as 1946, under which allocation of fiscal resources benefited almost solely the region where revenue was generated, which greatly benefitted the south-west in the 1950s during its cocoa export boom. Derivation was progressively abandoned in favour of the Distributable Pool Account (DPA) as the allocation principle over the late 1960s, and once the (perhaps related?) civil war was over in 1970, the military regime reduced the share of allocation based on derivation to 50%, which meant that half of the oil-fuelled DPA was allocated to states on the bases of their population.5 In 1971, the federal government itself started collecting oil receipts, of which only 20% were devolved to the oil-producing states. During the oil boom the mid-west Niger delta was still the region with more fiscal expenditure per capita, but its share was almost eight times smaller than it would have been under the derivation principle. Furthermore, as Olowononi argued, the fact that states depended so significantly on oil revenues which reached them only through the federally administered DPA weakened federalism in a deeper sense, creating a fiscal landscape more resembling a unitary system.6
Let's add just a few numbers to the comparison. If we divide each country intro four large regions, and define a very simple per capita fiscal share indicator, dividing each region's share of total national fiscal expenditure over that region's share of total national population, Nigeria's 1970s fiscal federalism seems to have been much stronger than 1910s Argentina's, as all major regions had at least 90% of the fiscal revenue that would correspond to them on the basis of their population sizes (which is the single best indicator of the scale of the public goods they had to provide). Argentina's north, on the other hand, got only about two-thirds of what it would have received on a per capita basis.
Pop share
Public spending share
Spending share/Pop share
East, Nigeria 22.3 24.3 1.09
West, Nigeria 19.7 17.6 0.90
North, Nigeria 53.5 47.0 0.88
Mid-west, Nigeria 4.6 11.1 2.44
Buenos Aires, Argentina 48.2 58.9 1.22
Rest of litoral, Argentina 22.1 18.2 0.82
North, Argentina 22.9 15.8 0.69
Cuyo (West), Argentina 6.8 7.1 1.04
NB: for Nigeria population shares for 1963 and fiscal shares for 1977; for Argentina population shares for 1914 and fiscal shares for 1916. Sources: Nigeria: Population Census of Nigeria, 1963, and Mbanefoh and Egwaikhide (1998). Argentina: Censo nacional, 1914, and Porto (1990).
Economies are also polities, and sharing tends to be good politics: Argentina and Nigeria both endured civil war after their independence, and in both cases many contemporary observers doubted that these federal countries would remain united as such. An imperfect but still consequential fiscal federalism possibly played a part in that. But sharing can also be good economics. First, it can be an effective antidote to the changing fortunes of economic cycles: provinces which once were net recipients of federal monies can later on become net contributors (such as Western Australia after the mining boom). Second, and more importantly, since economic development is ultimately about improving people's material welfare, the strongest economic argument for intra-federal fiscal transfers is that they have the potential to create greatest happiness for the greatest number, even if they are not Pareto-efficient. The decision to share or not to share fiscal resources and economic prosperity also translates into population geography: if people can't get richer where they are, they will try to go to a place where they can.7 When fiscal federalism suffers, either by policy choice or because the fiscal muscle for intra-federation transfers is not as strong, large-scale internal migration often occurs. In 1930s Argentina, when the agricultural export economy stagnated in the 1930s and imports (and therefore the tariffs providing most of the fiscal revenue) contracted further crippling the already very limited fiscal federalism, hundreds of thousands of internal migrants moved towards the capital, creating the greater Buenos Aires as we now know it. In so doing the also gave Peronism a social base, but that is a topic for another matchday.
His definitions could generally do with expanding, and this one isn't an exception. P. A. Samuelson, "The Pure Theory of Public Expenditure," The review of Economics and Statistics (1954).[return]
It's a shame the US didn't make it to the World Cup, if nothing else because it would have provided us with many opportunities to discuss the economics of healthcare, but I guess given the current state of the NHS we might get to it as England progresses to the next round.[return]
By "province" I mean the second-level government structure below the national state in a federal country (known as states in most cases, e.g. Nigeria, Mexico, the US, Australia, Brazil, etc.). In Argentina they're called provinces, which I find more convenient as it allows me to reserve the word "state" for the national state.[return]
P. Gerchunoff and I. Torre, "¿Estaba la población argentina en el lugar equivocado? Un enfoque de economía política sobre las migraciones (1880-1914)," Desarrollo económico (2014).[return]
The distributional logic of the DPA under Gowon and beyond also encouraged pressures for the creation of more states, as each state was guaranteed a minimum of oil-derived fiscal transfers regardless of its population. T. Forrest, Politics and Economic Development in Nigeria (Boulder: Westview Press, 1995), 134[return]
G. D. Olowononi, "Revenue allocation and economics of federalism," in Federalism and Political Restructuring in Nigeria, ed. Kunle Amuwo, et al (Ibadan Nigeria: IFRA, 1998).[return]
This is also true for the international economy, as Milanovic argued in one of our (I'm sure Tom agrees) favourite papers ever: B. Milanovic, "Global Income Inequality in Numbers: in History and Now," Global policy 4, no. 2 (2013).[return]


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Sam Ash Music Corp. was founded in 1924, and is the largest family-owned chain of musical instrument stores in the United States. Sam Ash sells musical instruments, recording equipment, DJ and lighting equipment, and professional sound equipment. The parent company, Sam Ash Music Corporation, also owns several major long-standing brands in the music industry, including Groove Percussion (drums and percussion), the Brownsville NY (guitars and amps), Carlo Robelli (stringed instruments, guitars, and accordions), and Jean Baptiste (brass and woodwinds). Some of Sam Ash's products, such as the Sam Ash Fuzz Boxxx and Sam Ash Guitar Amps, have become collector's items.
Their flagship store has been located at 333 West 34th Street in Manhattan since 2013, with 30,000 feet of retail space. Previously, Sam Ash had a major presence with multiple storefronts on 48th St. in Manhattan.
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In the United States, an estimated 8 million health care workers are potentially exposed to hazardous drugs or drug waste at their worksites, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Exposure may occur when a worker handles drug vials; compounds, administers, or disposes of hazardous drugs; cleans spills; or touches contaminated surfaces. Possible routes of exposure include inhalation, ingestion, (from hand to mouth), injection with a sharp, and transconjunctival or skin absorption.
In a new publication, NIOSH recommends that employers provide appropriate personal protective equipment to protect workers who handle hazardous drugs in the workplace. The prevention measures outlined by NIOSH consist of engineering and administrative controls; gloves; gowns; respiratory protection; eye and face protection; sleeve, hair, and shoe covers; and proper PPE disposal.
For detailed information on the prevention measures recommended by NIOSH, visit www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/wp-solutions/2009-106/.


Jordan is continuing his dominance over opposing offensive lines, earning another sack in the New Orleans Saints' 51-14 rout of the Cincinnati Bengals.
It wouldn't be a proper Pro Bears recap without Goff taking the spotlight. Even in the Rams' first loss of the season, 45-35, to the New Orleans Saints on Sunday, Goff still managed to complete 28 of his 40 pass attempts for 391 yards and three touchdowns.
Two of the league's premier duos, Kansas City's Patrick Mahomes/Andy Reid and Los Angeles' Jared Goff/Sean McVay, have led their teams to perfect 5-0 starts.
2018 NFL primer: Who's at the top?
We've survived more than seven months without regular season NFL, and the Falcons vs. Eagles game should be a wonderful preview of the drama and intrigue to come.


Ringing reduces the working memory needed during the rendering of subdivision curves, surfaces, and animations. For example, it only stores 4D vertices when rendering the dth level of subdivision of a polygon using four-point, cubic, or quintic B-spline subdivision masks. Ringing can be used on CPUs and GPUs.


I think it continues to be one of those best kept secrets. Did you know that Thunder Bay has a thriving farmer's market called the THUNDER BAY COUNTRY MARKET. Home to some of Thunder Bay's best bakers, makers and producers who bring a wonderful selection of made, baked and grown goods to their market tables every Saturday from 8 a.m. - 1 p.m. Did ya know, huh, huh, huh . . .
Well if you didn't, now you do! One of my favorite market vendors is Renata of MILE HILL FARM. I swear she grows the best lettuce and seasonal greens mix around. When in season, I get my fix every Saturday and knowing that what I bring home and put on our plates is grown locally, naturally in and on land that continues to be worked by Renata and her family, and by the way also tastes really incredible, is a nice feeling.
Renata and no - not Moe!
Renata's farm is a family run farm committed to providing natural meat and naturally grown produce for people who are concerned not only about what they eat, but also about the health and well being of the world around them. You can catch Renata in the market garden of the Country Market every Saturday and to learn more about her wonderful and by the way beautiful farm, go here.
If you visit Renata at the market these days you'll find her fantastic garlic, beautiful sweet onions which will be making their way into my salsa this week, and 'working' right along beside her -- a little farmer in the making.
'free with a 50 cent donation'!
one gouda cheese curd and a yummy, sweet cherry tomato.
Just the smile was worth 50 cents.


If you're into these tiny and small dog breeds, the Miniature Dachshund is perfect for you. They're playful, loyal and loving, but they also need due attention and love. So, if you're thinking of getting one, here's a rundown of facts about this cute dog.
Is A Miniature Dachshund The Perfect Family Pet?
Miniature Dachshunds are great family dogs. They are curious and attention-loving. These comical clowns want to be in everything, and they clamor for attention. When they want to be noticed, they do everything they can to get your attention, especially when you have visitors at home.
Dachshunds have a reputation for being fearless and entertaining, but what they want most is to cuddle with their humans, especially kids. They have a great number of devoted followers. Once you own one, you'll never want to adopt any other breed of dog.
Miniature Dachshunds are good for families, even those with small kids. In fact, they're perfect for apartment living as long as you train them very well.
A Miniature Dachshund is loyal, witty and playful – making them a great family dog. However, like most other small dog breeds, they tend to want to take on other dogs – yapping uncontrollably. Moreover, they don't like to share attention and can be quite possessive of their toys.
Though bright and smart, this dog breed like to do things on their own terms – they are stubborn! You can train them through giving rewards and praise (they love being praised), but they can be snappy when pushed too far, teased or handled harshly.
They come in two sizes – Standard and Miniature. The Miniature Dachshund weighs about 11 pounds and under. They stand at about six inches at the shoulder.
The Miniature Dachshund looks low, long and short with a body that is balanced despite its squat frame. Dachshunds come in three varieties – long-haired, smooth and wirehaired. The Smooth Dachshund's coat is short, shiny and smooth and comes in various colors and patterns. Moreover, Wirehaired Dachshunds have a soft undercoat and a thick topcoat. On the other hand, Longhaired Dachshunds have long and wavy hair.
Their colors vary from solid and single colors of red, tan or yellow. Some come in combinations of black, gray and chocolate.
Dachshunds have been bred with a deformity dubbed as chondrodysplasia or dwarfed legs and long back. Thus, they are prone to orthopedic problems. The most serious condition is intervertebral disk disease.
The most common health problems in Miniature Dachshunds are back problems. Sometimes, they may suffer from such severe damage to their spine that they end up paralyzed. However, in less severe cases, there is a possibility of recovery by treatment and complete rest. One in every four Dachshunds falls victim to this condition.
Hip Dysplasia is a genetic disorder and may cause rear leg lameness in dogs. It usually affects large dog breeds but may also affect Dachshunds.
Dachshunds may overeat and as a result, become obese. You should watch over your dog's diet because gaining extra pounds may take a toll on their back and spine.
Seizures may also affect Miniature Dachshunds. If a seizure happens more than once, it may be diagnosed as Epilepsy.
Dachshunds have low-slung spines and jumping off the sofa may result in a slipped or ruptured disc. Prevent your dog from jumping off high areas and make sure you handle them with extra care. When there is disc injury, it can affect the rear or front limbs or even their ability to defecate and urinate. In worse cases, they may spend the rest of their life in a canine wheelchair.
Miniature Dachshunds are generally healthy, but they can be allergic to certain foods and products. When your dog has an allergy, they may scratch more than usual. Another cause of itching is allergic dermatitis. This may cause irritation and bumps on your dog's skin.
However, there are diseases that you need to be wary about, especially those affecting vital organs, such as hypothyroidism, eye problems, diabetes, Cushing's disease, hip dysplasia and urolithiasis.
Miniature Dachshunds have a life expectancy of 12 to 15 years, the same with other small dog breeds.
Dachshunds love to eat. It's your duty to make sure your lovely dog is eating right – not overeating. Most owners feed commercial dog food to their pet dog, but others feed their dachshunds a homemade diet.
Always follow instructions on how much food you're allowed to give your dog. Commercial dog food contains instructions on how often you should feed your dog and the amount that's recommended.
Shorthaired Dachshunds require the least brushing because very few things cling to their coats. However, wirehaired Dachshunds need more frequent brushing. Brushing helps remove dead and loose hair. Shorthaired Dachshunds require the least grooming because very few things cling to their coats. A regular brushing with a soft bristle brush is sufficient.
When cleaning your dog's ears, it is important to use a damp washcloth or cotton ball. Never use a Q-Tip to clean further down the ear because this may result in more damage. If you suspect an ear infection, visit your vet immediately.
Bathe your dog occasionally but not too often. Dachshunds like to roll over in stinky and messy things. Often, rules say that you don't need baths more often than every six weeks or so, but when your Dachshund is extra active, like always, you should make sure they're clean all the time. Also, make sure that your dog's teeth are clean.
How Much Does A Miniature Dachshund Cost?
Considered it's the 10th most popular dogs in the United States, a Miniature Dachshund costs about $300 to $600 each. However, if you're looking for a show quality puppy, they may cost around $1,500.
You would be surprised to know that Dachshunds are scent hound dogs who were bred to hunt badgers and other animals like rabbits and foxes. That's why its name Dachshund stands for "badger dogs" in German.
The first dachshund registered with the Americana Kennel Club (AKC) was in 1885. The dog's name was Dash, he was black and tan and owned by Dr. G.D. Stewart.
Now, do you want this small dog breed as a pet at home? Miniature Dachshunds are great family pets – they're loyal, witty, comical, fun to play with and loving. Plus, they're easy to groom and take care of. They just need extra care because of potential back problems, but overall, this dog is one of the most popular dog pets in the world.
Do you want to own a Miniature Dachshund as a family dog? Share your insights in the comments section below.


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Q: c++ operations with file streams: when to check for error? Let's say I need to perform several read or write operations on a stream and throw an exception if any of them ended with an error. Is there any difference between the following two ways:
{
  std::ifstream ifs("filename");
  int i;
  std::string s;
  long l;
  //all variables are local, so I'm not interested in them in case of exception

  //first way
  if(!ifs >> i) throw runtime_error("Bad file");
  if(!std::getline(ifs, s)) throw runtime_error("Bad file");
  if(!ifs >> l) throw runtime_error("Bad file");

  //second way
  ifs >> i;
  std::getline(ifs, s);
  ifs >> l;
  if(!ifs) throw runtime_error("Bad file");

  //do something with variables
}

If there is no difference, then are there any pitfalls in similar cases which I should know?

A: You can enable exceptions:
ifs.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);

In this case an exception of std::ios_base::failure type will be thrown if stream fails to read something properly.

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The Iranian Islamist government has maintained an antagonistic relationship with American and European states since the revolution in 1979. Inspite of this, post-revolutionary Iran has been internationaly reknown for its films, turning out a galaxy of distinguished film directors, including Abbas Kiarostami and Mohsen Mahmalbaf. There are many Iranian Cinema fans among the Japanese. In addition, jointly produced or collaborated movies between Iran and Japan are increasing. However, the academic study to introduce the film policy and social change surounding Iranian films has not yet appeared in Japan despite growing interests among the Japanese audiences. This research project aims to conduct an interdisciplinary Iran-Japan collaborative study to understand 'Post-revolutionary Iranian Cinema and Society' from various aspects, such as history, sociology, economics, gender studies, literatures, and comparative cultural studies. Post-revolutionary Iran has experienced dramatic change from a secular monarchy to the Islamic Republic, where Islamic values have regulated an entire system of politics, society and culture. This study will analyze rapidly changing Iranian society in the globalization in three decades after the revolution through Iranian Cinema.


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SNES Classic – Some Quick Thoughts
The UK box had a bit of a rough ride across the Atlantic, it would seem.
So the SNES Classic is out and has been for a week. As expected, it's been rather difficult to get one if you weren't fortunate enough to land a pre-order (which was also rather difficult to obtain). Scalpers are out in full force, and based on the few bits of feedback I've received from some of those who waited in line on launch day, it's the scalpers who are making up the largest portion of the buyers. That's too bad, because this is a rather awesome gaming device. Niche it may be, it still contains some of the greatest games ever developed. I was fortunate enough to land two pre-orders: one for the SNES Classic and one for the UK SNES Classic. It took my UK version an extra week to make it to my door, but I'm now ready to offer up some thoughts.
If you're unfamiliar with the UK version of the Super Nintendo, it's basically the same as the Japanese Super Famicom. Nintendo of America felt it needed to market the original NES as more of a secondary entertainment platform as opposed to a toy, and thus they redesigned the look of the machine for release in the US. For the Super Nintendo, they too also went with their own case design, though this one was far more in-line with the Japanese version as the carts were basically the same. I don't know why they did this, and some speculate it was an ego thing, but I've always been partial to the Super Famicom design. When I first saw the Super Nintendo, I was underwhelmed as a child as I didn't think it looked too "super." Boxy with purple accents, it was kind of ugly. I got over it, of course, when I played Super Mario World, but I always wondered why some of those early games have a diamond shaped logo featuring three circular colors: blue, red, green, and yellow. Years later I'd come to know that was the logo for the Super Famicom and it referred to the colored face buttons on the controller. I've never gone the extra mile and acquired a Super Famicom, but when I saw the UK SNES Classic, which is identical to the US one aside from the case and controllers, I knew that was the version for me.
Both editions of the SNES Classic are, naturally, pretty cute. Like the NES Classic they're tiny and are closer in size to a game cartridge for the original system than the old system itself. They're light, and pretty simple devices. Both feature working power and reset buttons that function the same as the ones on the original consoles. The eject buttons and cartridge door are non-functioning, and the there's a little snap-off piece where the controller "ports" are that pop off to reveal the actual controller ports for the Classic edition. In the box, both units come with two controllers, an HDMI cable, and a micro USB cable. The US version has a USB to wall adapter that the UK one lacks, but any such adapter will work. The US version also comes with a poster with instructions on the reverse side while the UK version comes with an instruction manual designed to mimic the original. The UK version also comes with My Nintendo reward points, I'm not sure why the US version does not.
The software for both systems is the same. If you go out and import a Japanese unit you'll get a few different games, but the UK and US get the same ones. The dashboard is slightly different as each one is mean to resemble the visual style of the actual unit, so the US dashboard has purple accents and the UK one has a power light in the bottom right hand corner. The little graphic of a controller beside a game is also updated to reflect the proper controller for each unit, so purple buttons for the US and multi-colored ones for the UK. Other features, like CRT mode, widescreen, and so on are all the same.
I've only had time to play a little, but the first game I fired up was Super Mario World. I wanted to test the game out and see if it felt like how I felt it should. Testing for things like input lag and any graphical stretching, I found the game to be picture-perfect. The emulation Nintendo has pulled off with both the SNES Classic and the NES Classic is fantastic and miles ahead of what the company did on the Virtual Console. It's why whenever someone poo-poos these things and suggests just getting a Raspberry Pi I laugh at them. I think the Raspberry Pi is great, but games on that do not look and play as well as they do on these devices. There's also something to be said for having an actual Nintendo controller in hand to play these things, which just feels right.
Following Super Mario World I made sure to play and beat the first level of Star Fox. I may want to redo my rankings and kick Star Fox to the end of the line because that game is a tad rough to play these days. I played it though because you have to beat the first level in order to unlock Star Fox 2. Truth be told, I don't look really look forward to playing Star Fox 2 for any reason other than sheer curiosity. I suspect it has aged just as poorly, if not worse since it attempts to do more than just be a flight sim, and probably isn't nearly as enjoyable an experience as most of the other titles on this collection. If I see fit to do so, I'll post a review of it. Some day.
If you're still unsure I can safely say the SNES Classic is worth the 80 dollar price tag Nintendo has placed on it. It's a great little machine full of some truly excellent games, some of which would cost you hundreds to purchase on the secondary market. Like the NES Classic, it's also not something you need to drop hundreds of dollars on to own so if you're still looking for one I encourage you to be patient and not feed the scalpers. For now, Nintendo is claiming these will be shipped in abundance so hopefully they're sincere and these are attainable for everyone who wants one. They'll probably remain hard to get through the holidays, but if Nintendo keeps supplying them past 2017 they should get a bit easier to track down. If you live in an area with Amazon Prime Now, keep an eye on their social media accounts as it seems like they'll be selling these exclusively through that service as well through their few retail locations and that truck thing they do. Supposedly, people who were able to pre-order through the US Amazon site are still waiting for them to be fulfilled. Meanwhile, Amazon's European web stores seem to be getting stock regularly for their versions and most ship to the US. Sometimes they claim not to (when I pre-ordered my UK edition it said UK only, but it still went through), but will ship anyways. Just make sure to select the global shipping option, if offered. You'll pay a few more bucks, but it might be worth your while, especially if you're like me and prefer the UK look of the console.
As for my two units, I only wanted one. I plan to keep the UK version and gift the US one to my best friend who was not as fortunate as I. If you were concerned I'd betray my fellow retro-gaming enthusiasts and flip it on eBay, rest assured I have no plans to do so. I also do not need to collect mini systems and have a version of each. Hopefully who ever wants one will be able to get one because this thing is pretty cool. Don't screw over your fans, Nintendo, and discontinue it while demand remains high.
This entry was posted on Friday, October 6th, 2017 at 4:44 pm and tagged with nes, nes classic, nintendo, retro gaming, snes, snes classic, super famicom, super nintendo and posted in Video Games. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed.
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Stretching the Exquisite: Why Hearing Black Women's Voices in Theater Is a Revolutionary Act
Angela Helm
Filed to:50in50
Phyllis Yvonne Stickney in '50in50'
Photo: Hollis King for The Billie Holiday Theatre
Big things were bubbling in Brooklyn two years ago.
The year 2017 marked the 50th anniversary of Bedford-Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation, the first community development entity established in the United States. The nonprofit outfit has provided housing, employment, training and culture to residents of Bed-Stuy since 1967; 2017 was also the year the Restoration's Billie Holiday Theatre reopened after a multi-million-dollar renovation.
And it was in that capstone year that Dr. Indira Etwaroo, executive director of the Billie Holiday, realized that the very voices of black women on stage were but mere whispers.
"In looking back on the history of our theatre, particularly black theatre, with the incredible diversity that we put on our stages, it seemed that we were still struggling with presenting the voices of women playwrights," Dr. Etwaroo told The Root.
And so, as it was the 50th anniversary of Restoration, Etwaroo played with the idea of getting 50 stories from 50 black women. She reached out to genius playwright (and recent MacArthur Fellowship winner) Dominique Morisseau and asked her to craft a curatorial statement with a call for writers. That, coupled with a social media push, netted more than 200 stories from black women from across the world, which was subsequently culled to 50.
"I didn't go in with the lens 'what is the best story,' but rather which 50 stories best represent the exquisite diversity of black womanhood and our voices?" explains Etwaroo, who conceived of and directed that inaugural production, 50in50, which unpacks the monolith that is black womanhood by pairing the words of black women writers with the actresses who speak them.
Each year, the theme changes. Initially, it was 50in50: Writing Ourselves into Existence; in 2018, it was 50in50: Where Do We Belong in the Movement— speaking to the #MeToo Movement, the Civil Rights Movement, the Women's Right movement and the 100th anniversary of the Suffrage Movement of 1918.
"Somehow in all those movements, the voices of black women were fairly invisible..."
"Somehow, in all those movements, the voices of black women were fairly invisible," muses Etwaroo. And that is not only an issue but a travesty, because black women are the "very fiber and fabric of what it means to be American," she says. And, as she notes, 2019 is an auspicious year.
"You know, this year hit me in a very unique way because it's the 400th anniversary of 1619 when the first African citizens were brought to American soil shackled," says Etwaroo. "And for almost 200 years and more of that time, it was illegal for us to know how to read, and how to write."
'50in50: Letters to Our Daughters' cast: from left: Terria Joseph, Pauletta Washington, Celestine Rae, and Michele Shay
"So, for black women to write their own stories and not have their stories told by someone else or written for them, and to have black women read those onstage? It is a revolutionary act unto itself. And then to put forth the diversity in those stories and our womanhood becomes even more revolutionary."
In 2019, the title was 50in50: Letters to Our Daughters. Etwaroo has two daughters, ages 22 and 16, and tried to find work that would resonate with their age group. This year, the production moved from the Billie Holiday to downtown Brooklyn's Kumble Theatre; the next week, it played two sold-out shows at Los Angeles' Waco Theater Center (founded by Richard Lawson and Tina Knowles-Lawson). The production is looking to expand to a multi-city tour next year.
For the last three years, actresses such as Pauletta Washington, Phyllis Yvonne Stickney, Marsha Stephanie Blake and Celestine Rae have taken part. This year's New York run also featured Angelica Ross, Jasmine Cephas Jones, Ebony Jo-Ann, LaChanze, Terria Joseph, and Michele Shay. The Los Angeles run starred: Nicole Ari Parker, Vanessa Bell Calloway, Angela Gibbs, Xosha Roquemore, Courtney Nichole, Marla Gibbs, and Terria Joseph, among others.
Dr. Indira Etwaroo
Photo: Hollis King
50in50: Letters to Our Daughters was an emotional journey. There were moments that elicited laughter, tears, song (three-time musical director Maritri Garrett, a pianist, guitarist and percussionist, made it more than easy). There were stories of love, of loss, of heartbreak, of wanting babies, of not wanting them, of regret, and of wisdom. For the first time, the production cast a trans woman actress, Angelica Ross, (Candy Abundance in Pose), who read cis as well as trans stories.
Dr. Etwaroo says as the production evolves, it will continue to open up space for what black womanhood is. This year, the 50in50 featured a white woman for the first time.
"That was the first time we included that identification in the space," says Etwaroo, of Terria Joseph, Alicia Keys' mother. "Because there are numerous, thousands, millions of women, who are raising our black girls but who are living in a different social space."
"And so I think 50in50 is going to take the position that it's going to remain open to how do we best express and tell the story of black womanhood? And that may at some point be a trans man. That may at some point be a cis man. We're open to figuring out how do we best express the story of black womanhood. And at this moment where we are in our journey, I think we're at a place where that is always going to constantly be evolving."
For people who want to participate or learn more about 50in50 next year, check out the Billie Holiday Theatre.
For Colored Girls, Forever: With a Stunning Revival and New Work, Ntozake Shange's Words Remain Timeless
'Racism Is a Soft Target': Pulitzer Prize-Winning Playwright Lynn Nottage on the Prescient Moment That Became Sweat
Black on the Great White Way: Actors Are Breaking Barriers, But Broadway Still Has a Long Way to Go On Diversity
Ms. Bronner Helm is a Contributing Editor at The Root. Mouthy Black Girl. Rosalynn Carter Mental Health Fellow. Shea Butter Feminist. Virgo Sun, Aries Moon.


text:
var Preferences = require('./../config/Preferences.js'),
    User        = require('./../modules/user.js');

var _         = require('underscore'),
    cache     = require('memory-cache');

module.exports = {
    main: function (req, res) {
        if(req.query.ticket) { //if there is a ticket in the URL
            if(req.session.savedUrl) {
                res.redirect(req.session.savedUrl);
            } else {
                res.redirect(Preferences.path_on_server); //redirect to the base
            }
            return;
        }
        var currentUser = _.findWhere(cache.get('storeStaff'), { 'username': User.getUser(req) });
        if(_.isUndefined(currentUser)) { //the user is not in the staff database
            res.render('notStaff', {cas_user: User.getUser(req)});
        } else {
            res.render('index', {
                app: req.app,
                username: currentUser.username,
                permission: currentUser.level,
                staffname: currentUser.name,
                gCalIsActive: User.gCalIsActive(req)
            });
        }
    },
    login: function(req, res) {
        res.redirect(Preferences.path_on_server);
    },
    user: function(req, res) {
        //req.session.cas_user
        res.json({'username':User.getUser(req), 'permission':User.permission(req)});
    }
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


I finally made it over to the forums. Just wanted to say hi to everybody and look forward to doing battle with y'all in game. I live down in Florida. Served in the Marines a long time ago and before you ask, yes, I do go paint balling with my boys. They call me the terminator because I go charging around the woods lighting everybody up. I love the action out there and it's a lot of fun going up against my boys. Although these days, my oldest boy usually gets the best of me. He's a SEAL wanna be.
Welcome to the forums and thank you for your service.
Semper fiddle yer balls. Welcome, no need to put your bell hop outfit on fatigues are SOP.
welcome paintballer i too am old jarhead...semper fi enjoy playing alone side of u when i can im 100% vietnam vet..


Editor's Note: The "V&V Q&A" is an e-publication from The Center for Vision & Values at Grove City College. This latest edition of "V&V Q&A" is an intriguing look at media coverage during the Vietnam War with longtime journalist Charles Wiley. Wiley is a veteran reporter who has been lecturing about journalism and other subjects for many years. He is currently involved in Home with Honor—a project about the home front in the United States during the Vietnam War.
Vision & Values (V&V): Charlie, some people have asked you why you're bringing up "sad events" that happened so long ago. They've told you that the Vietnam War is a "shameful" episode in U.S. history that is better forgotten. Why not leave such events alone?
Charles Wiley (CW): Because the Vietnam War had a very powerful influence on U.S. foreign and military policies for decades. But more important, the American psyche and our self-image have been severely damaged by a totally false picture of what happened.
States during Vietnam didn't actually happen. As a consequence, subsequent "history" about the period is simply wrong.
V&V: That seems like a big claim to make.
CW: It is a big claim to make. But I'm not stupid enough to say something that seems to be so outlandish if I can't prove it without a doubt. Everything I say is completely authenticated at the Home with Honor project website.
V&V: What sorts of things are you talking about?
CW: We've taught two generations that the American people were unkind to our sons and daughters who served our nation in Vietnam.
And that's what nearly everyone believes. But it isn't true.
Opposition to the Vietnam War was widely known and there was almost no indication of public support for our troops. This picture has been taught as history ever since.
And that's what nearly everyone believes. But that's not what happened.
after World Wars I and II. And that's what nearly everyone believes. But it's nonsense.
V&V: That seems like a lot of people to prove wrong.
CW: No problem. Those who look at our website quickly become believers.
V&V: It certainly sounds like an interesting project. Are you finding that those in the military and academia are supportive of Home with Honor?
V&V: Exactly what are you trying to accomplish? What is the goal of the Home with Honor project?
crucial need for objective news reporting. We want to reach the news media, historians, veterans, social activists—everyone.
It's time that everyone knows the truth.
V&V: It is indeed. The website is beautiful, Charlie. We strongly urge our readers to click it and share it with others, especially those with family members who were Vietnam vets and who were cheated or dishonored. Great work, Charlie. Thank you.
Note: Charles Wiley can be reached at NCRPUSA@gmail.com.
This entry was posted in American History & Presidents, Feature, Media & Culture, Military & Foreign Policy by Charles Wiley. Bookmark the permalink.


If we're buds over on Instagram, you know of my recent efforts to get healthy. I'm trying to make this a slower, longer change than diets or trends I've grabbed onto in the past. My husband has turned to a mode of "training for life" in which he exercises daily and eats balanced meals. And maybe.. just maybe.. it's inspired me to get a move on.
I assumed that these three steps would be the first of a series. Baby steps, right? But in the process I've become very aware of my need for sugar. It seems that I rely on it for energy (in small bursts), joy, interest (life is better with a bar of dark chocolate by your side), reward, and basically every other emotion that you can attach to it.
I'm not shocked at this realization. Since adolescence and a freedom to make my own eating choices, I've often gone for the quick, the easy, and by, happenstance, the caloric. But I was surprised by how a reduction in my sugar intake really affected the rest of my life. I was moody (more than my usual emo), tired, bored and boring.
Some studies suggest that sugar affects our brain in similar ways to high powered drugs like cocaine and perhaps more frightening to me is that nearly 80% of our American diet contains either natural sugars or high fructose corn syrup.
And I felt it. I've never done drugs other than caffeine (and sugar, apparently), and with the withdrawal of most of my sugars (not even all), I felt the urges to binge and the "need" to fill myself. It wasn't pretty.
Be Aware - Take a pause before eating or drinking. Am I hungry? Is this the best choice? Start simple.
Drink, drink - Much of my hunger is satiated with hydration. Beyond that, I need to be sure that I'm staying hydrated to keep my energy levels and moods on an even keel.
It won't last forever - If I can keep off of artificial sugars for 3-4 days, they are mostly out of my system, and I can return to a steady and happy place.
Move it, move it - The more I can move and stay active, the better I'll be.
Are you addicted to sugar? Let's do this together. Follow #parscaeli_healthy and chime in!


text:
CNS Reference Publications
Cyclerion Publications and Presentations
CY6463/MELAS
CY6463/ADv
CY6463/CIAS
Other Clinical Assets
CNS is a high reward space where the large unmet needs are growing, given aging patient populations and the dearth of approved and effective treatments.
NO-sGC-cGMP and Brain Health
In the CNS, NO-sGC-cGMP signaling underlies multiple physiological processes that contribute to overall brain health, including neurotransmission, neurovascular function, cellular bioenergetics, and inflammation. Nitric oxide is a gas with a short half-life (0.5-5s) that acts locally (100-200μm range). These properties enable the precise and dynamic spatial and temporal regulation seen with NO and other neurotransmitters.
NO-sGC-cGMP signaling underlies multiple physiological
processes that contribute to overall brain health
Our systems biology approach combines genetic and proteomic data to identify CNS diseases in which the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway plays a central role. This approach identified a broad range of both neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's Disease) and neuropsychiatric diseases (e.g., schizophrenia) – with dysfunctional NO-sGC-cGMP signaling as the common pathophysiologic thread.
sGC stimulators, like CY6463, are allosteric modulators of sGC and amplify endogenous NO signaling. In diseases associated with deficits in the NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, CY6463 has the potential to address the underlying pathophysiology by restoring appropriate endogenous signaling and maintaining the precise spatial and temporal control that is the hallmark of this signaling pathway.
CY6463 is the first CNS-penetrant sGC stimulator designed and in development for neurodegenerative diseases. In preclinical studies, CY6463 showed benefits in multiple animal models and across four domains of human neurodegenerative diseases.
Preclinical data demonstrate sGC stimulator effects across multiple CNS domains
Neuronal
Enhanced memory performance & spine density in aged animals; increased LTP in neurodegenerative disease models
Neuro-
Decreased markers of LPS-induced neuroinflammation (ICAM1, VCAM1, IL6) in vitro
Increased ATP and restored gene expression in cells from patients with mitochondrial diseases
Increased blood flow in areas associated with memory and arousal by fMRI BOLD imaging
CNS Opportunities
CNS is a high-reward space with large and growing unmet need due to an aging population and a dearth of approved and effective treatments. Rapidly evolving science, including both genetic insights and technologies, is accelerating the discovery and development of new CNS drugs.
The sGC mechanism has the potential to create a meaningful medical breakthrough by stimulating a previously undrugged neurotransmitter system in the CNS. Other successfully drugged neurotransmitter systems opened entirely new therapeutic categories and created significant market opportunities. This type of therapeutic potential creates broad opportunity to help a wide range of patients suffering from CNS diseases, and thus makes our CNS program an exciting strategic focus today and a core part of Cyclerion going forward.
NO-sGC-cGMP signaling in the CNS
Garthwaite, John. "Nitric oxide as a multimodal brain transmitter." Brain and neuroscience advances vol. 2 2398212818810683. 4 Dec. 2018
This review outlines the discovery and growing understanding of nitric oxide (NO) as a brain transmitter and soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) as its primary receptor, including a description of the synaptic location of sGC and the NO-sGC binding and conformational changes that lead to cGMP production. The author notes that NO operates across brain regions and is involved in learning and memory formation, moving, feeding, sleeping, reproduction, pain and anxiety, brain development and synaptogenesis. This broad role reflects the nature of NO, which is a versatile transmitter. NO can act in different ways depending on its source (NOS) location, which is largely but not exclusively in neurons and can be pre- or postsynaptic, and its receptor location, which can be postsynaptic or presynaptic in neurons, in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and vascular cells. Three modes of NO signaling are described that differ in the reach of their communication (single synapse, synaptic spillover, and volume transmission) and are determined by differences in the location(s) of the NO source(s) and the rate/volume of NO production across single to multiple sources.
Kleppisch T, Feil R. cGMP signalling in the mammalian brain: role in synaptic plasticity and behaviour. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;(191):549-79.
This review (co-authored by our collaborator Dr. Feil) summarizes biochemical and functional data on the role of the cGMP signaling pathway in the mammalian brain, with a focus on the regulation of synaptic plasticity, learning, and other complex behaviors. The expression and role of central players in the pathway (including NOS-NosGC-cGMP-PKG-PDE) in the specific areas of the CNS, as well as downstream targets relevant for pre- and post-synaptic CNS function (including CNG, HCN, AMPA, NMDAR, CREB) are discussed.
Ben Aissa M, Lee SH, Bennett BM, Thatcher GR. Targeting NO/cGMP Signaling in the CNS for Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem. 2016;23(24):2770-2788.
This review focuses on CREB as a relevant target of NO-sGC-cGMP signaling in the CNS. The central role of CREB in synaptic plasticity is described, as is the role of NO-cGMP in neurodegeneration. Disease-modifying pharmacological approaches to treat cognition and memory dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases (with a focus on AD) by targeting the NO-sGC pathway (with NO donors, sGC stimulators, PDE inhibitors) are discussed.
Hollas MA, Ben Aissa M, Lee SH, Gordon-Blake JM, Thatcher GRJ. Pharmacological manipulation of cGMP and NO/cGMP in CNS drug discovery. Nitric Oxide. 2019 Jan 1;82:59-74.
This review highlights the central role played by NO-cGMP in learning and memory, and the substantial evidence that the NO-cGMP signaling pathway is perturbed in neurodegenerative disorders (including AD). The disease-modifying effects of NO-chimeras/nitrates and PDE inhibitors in preclinical animal models are discussed, as are the downstream mechanisms (eg, via GABAA and NMDA receptors) mediating these effects on synaptic and neuronal dysfunction. Finally, the more recently recognized potential for allosteric modulation of sGC in the brain is described, especially in light of the lack of success of PDE inhibitors in clinical trials of brain disorders.
qEEG spectral frequency analysis
Ishii et al. Healthy and Pathological Brain Aging: From the Perspective of Oscillations, Functional Connectivity, and Signal Complexity. Neuropsychobiology, 2018
This comprehensive review of neurocognitive aging from a neurophysiological perspective highlights the value of EEG in understanding physiological mechanisms associated with brain aging. For example, EEG is noninvasive and measures brain electromagnetic activity with high temporal resolution (ms). Physiological and pathological aging affects EEG alpha rhythm (refer to Table 1 in paper) including reductions in amplitude of resting alpha, decrease in posterior cortical alpha magnitude, decrease in occipital lobe alpha power, and decrease in alpha rhythm reactivity. These age-related findings in alpha, as well as other EEG changes, have been variously linked to poor cognitive performance (including memory performance), genetic factors (ie, CLU and APOE4), hippocampal and cortical atrophy, AD and AD biomarkers (Aβ42 and tau), and brain network organization. Rich reference list.
Babiloni, et al. Resting-state posterior alpha rhythms are abnormal in subjective memory complaint seniors with preclinical Alzheimer's neuropathology and high education level: the INSIGHT-preAD study. Neurobiol Aging. 2020;90:43-59.
Cognitive reserve represents an individual's resilience in maintaining cognitive function despite age- or disease-related neuropathic and neurodegenerative changes as measured by markers in CSF, PET tracers, MRI, etc. Older adults with high educational attainment, lifespan intellectual activity, etc., demonstrate cognitive reserve, which may confer neuroprotective and compensatory mechanisms. qEEG spectral analysis may offer a noninvasive, low-cost alternative to expensive and invasive neuroimaging for monitoring neuropathy and neurodegeneration; abnormalities in posterior alpha rhythms with ADMCI, AD, and MCI due to Parkinson's and Lewy Body disease have been demonstrated. In this retrospective study, the authors tested the hypothesis that subjects with subjective memory complaint with preclinical AD pathology (SMCpos) (as demonstrated by PET) and high education level may show abnormalities in resting state posterior alpha rhythms (quiet wakefulness) consistent with the idea of cognitive reserve. The study demonstrated that SMCneg seniors with high (relative to low) education level had higher power density (amplitude) posterior alpha rhythms (possibly neuroprotective). SMCpos with high education showed higher power temporal alpha (possibly neuroprotective) and lower power posterior alpha rhythms (possibly compensatory). These differences may represent cognitive reserve as subjects had no differences in cognitive function or brain gray-white matter.
Marin et al. Peak alpha frequency and N200 latency as predictors of neuropsychological performance in a memory disorders clinic. Alzheimer's Association International Conference 2021.
This poster from the laboratory of Dr. Andrew Budson and Dr. Katherine Turk in the Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine and Center for Translational and Cognitive Neuroscience, VA Boston Healthcare System is a Cyclerion sponsored study on peak alpha frequency and N200 latency as predictors of neuropsychological performance in a memory disorders clinic. This pioneering work provides insights into the relationships between electrophysiological measures and cognitive performance in patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.
Event-related potential (ERP): N200 and P300
Bennys K, Portet F, Touchon J. Diagnostic value of event-related evoked potentials N200 and P300 subcomponents in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. J Clin Neurophysiol 2007;24:405–12.
The introduction concisely describes how ERP study conditions relate to cognitive phenomena and how the N200 and P300 components are thought to relate to specific cognitive processes. For example, N200 may be linked to the detection of the target stimulus and be the reflection of the selective attention processes coming into action. This study assessed N200 and P300 (ERP oddball paradigm) in 3 groups: 30 mild to moderate potential AD, 20 MCI, and 10 healthy subjects. N200 and P300 latencies differentiated AD from MCI, AD from healthy, and MCI from healthy; P300 latency was 100% specific to AD vs MCI. Figure 2 shows latencies in the 3 groups at different regions. N200 and P300 latencies in frontal and parietal regions negatively correlated with MMSE and positively correlated with executive and attention functions (highest latency, lowest performance). The authors conclude: "These noninvasive examinations are able to point at an early stage an alteration of the cognitive functions and can contribute to the diagnosis for Alzheimer's disease with both good sensitivity and specificity."
Fruehwirt et al. Associations of event-related brain potentials and Alzheimer's disease severity: A longitudinal study. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 92 (2019) 31-38.
There are no cost-efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis of early AD in clinical practice. This study investigated the correlation of ERP P300, N200, and P50 (oddball paradigm) with AD severity by MMSE at baseline (BL) and then followed the ERP components for 18m in 63 subjects [31 possible AD, 32 probable AD; 39 ApoE ɛ4 allele carriers; 39 on anti-dementia treatment (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists); 38 females; mean age 75.92y]. P300 and N200 latency correlated with disease severity in the group of all AD patients, as well as the subgroup of probable AD patients at BL, whereas P50 amplitude did not show significant correlations in any group. P300 latency, which showed the strongest association with MMSE at BL, significantly increased over the 18m but the change did not correlate with MMSE score change.
Saccadic eye movement (SEM)
Wilcockson et al. Abnormalities of saccadic eye movements in dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Aging 2019, Vol.11, No.15.
68 AD subjects, 42 with amnesic MCI (aMCI), 47 with non-amnesic MCI (naMCI), and 92 healthy elderly subjects completed antisaccade (AS) and cognitive testing. The objective of the study was to determine whether SEM could distinguish between aMCI and naMCI subjects, since aMCI subjects are at greater risk of conversion to AD. AS latencies and AS errors for AD and aMCI were greater than naMCI and controls, but AD and aMCI were not different and naMCI and controls were not different. The AS error rate was found to correlate with the FCSRT free recall score, where increasing errors were associated with poorer cognitive performance. Therefore, the authors conclude that AS measures can distinguish aMCI from naMCI and have potential as a biomarker for dementia.
James A. Sharpe & David H. Zackon (1987) Senescent Saccades: Effects of Aging on Their Accuracy, Latency and Velocity, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 104:5-6, 422-428
12 young, 11 middle-aged, and 11 elderly normal subjects completed SEM tasks involving stimuli with 1. Predictable amplitude, directions, and timing, 2. Unpredictable amplitudes and directions at regular intervals, or 3. Unpredictable timing of predictable amplitude and direction. Latencies were greater in elderly subjects for all testing types. Peak velocities were reduced in elderly when target amplitude and direction were predictable (conditions 1 and 3). Elderly subjects also had increased errors (conditions 1 and 2). In the discussion, the authors speculate about cell types, brain regions, and aspects of cognition that may be involved in explaining their findings. In conclusion, aging does impact SEM measures and should be considered as a variable.
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text:
/* -*- Mode: C++; tab-width: 4; indent-tabs-mode: nil; c-basic-offset: 4 -*- */
/*
 * This file is part of the LibreOffice project.
 *
 * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public License,
 * v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this file, You can
 * obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
 */

package org.libreoffice.ci.gerrit.buildbot.webui;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

import org.libreoffice.ci.gerrit.buildbot.commands.ScheduleCommand;
import org.libreoffice.ci.gerrit.buildbot.config.BuildbotConfig;
import org.libreoffice.ci.gerrit.buildbot.config.BuildbotProject;
import org.libreoffice.ci.gerrit.buildbot.logic.BuildbotLogicControl;
import org.libreoffice.ci.gerrit.buildbot.model.GerritJob;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.ResourceConflictException;
import com.google.gerrit.extensions.restapi.RestModifyView;
import com.google.gerrit.extensions.webui.UiAction;
import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.client.Change;
import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.client.PatchSet;
import com.google.gerrit.reviewdb.server.ReviewDb;
import com.google.gerrit.server.ChangeUtil;
import com.google.gerrit.server.CurrentUser;
import com.google.gerrit.server.IdentifiedUser;
import com.google.gerrit.server.change.RevisionResource;
import com.google.gwtorm.server.AtomicUpdate;
import com.google.gwtorm.server.OrmException;
import com.google.inject.Inject;
import com.google.inject.Provider;

public class ScheduleAction implements UiAction<RevisionResource>,
    RestModifyView<RevisionResource, ScheduleAction.Input> {
  private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory
      .getLogger(ScheduleCommand.class);

  private final Provider<CurrentUser> cu;
  private final BuildbotLogicControl control;
  private final BuildbotConfig config;
  private final Provider<ReviewDb> dbProvider;

  @Inject
  public ScheduleAction(Provider<CurrentUser> cu,
      BuildbotLogicControl control,
      BuildbotConfig config,
      Provider<ReviewDb> dbProvider) {
    this.cu = cu;
    this.control = control;
    this.config = config;
    this.dbProvider = dbProvider;
  }

  @Override
  public UiAction.Description getDescription(RevisionResource rcrs) {
    synchronized (control) {
      // check if the project is supported
      String p =
          rcrs.getControl().getProjectControl().getProject().getName();
      if (!config.isProjectSupported(p)) {
        log.debug(String.format("getDescription: empty, project: %s is not supported", p));
        return new Description().setVisible(false);
      }
      GerritJob job = findBuild4Revision(rcrs);
      return new Description()
          .setVisible(isVisible(rcrs))
          .setEnabled(job == null)
          .setLabel("Schedule...")
          .setTitle(job == null
              ? "Schedule a build"
              : String.format("Build job was already scheduled at %s",
                  time(job.getStartTime())));
    }
  }

  private boolean isVisible(RevisionResource rcrs) {
    log.debug("-> isVisible()");
    PatchSet.Id current = rcrs.getChange().currentPatchSetId();
    // only current revision
    if (!rcrs.getPatchSet().getId().equals(current)) {
      return false;
    }
    CurrentUser user = cu.get();
    // check if the user is logged in
    if (!(user instanceof IdentifiedUser)) {
      log.debug("negative: user not logged in");
      return false;
    }
    // check if the project is supported
    String p =
        rcrs.getControl().getProjectControl().getProject().getName();
    if (!config.isProjectSupported(p)) {
      log.debug(String.format("negative: project %s is not supported", p));
      return false;
    }
    // check if the user has the ACL
    if (!user.getEffectiveGroups().contains(
        config.findProject(p).getBuildbotUserGroupId())
        && !user.getEffectiveGroups().contains(
            config.findProject(p).getBuildbotAdminGroupId())) {
      log.debug("negative: user is not allowed to schedule a job");
      return false;
    }
    // check if the patch set is NEW
    if (rcrs.getChange().getStatus() != null) {
      if (Change.Status.NEW != rcrs.getChange().getStatus()) {
        log.debug(String.format("negative: status of patch set %s is not NEW",
            rcrs.getChange().getId().toString()));
        return false;
      }
    }
    final BuildbotProject buildbot = config.findProject(p);
    // check if the branch is enabled
    if (!buildbot.getBranches().isEmpty()) {
      if (!buildbot.getBranches().contains(
          rcrs.getChange().getDest().getShortName())) {
        log.debug(String.format("negative: branch not match %s", rcrs
            .getChange().getDest().getShortName()));
        return false;
      }
    }
    // TODO: check if the ps was already successful built
    log.debug("<- true");
    return true;
  }

  @Override
  public Object apply(RevisionResource rcrs, Input in)
      throws OrmException, ResourceConflictException {
    synchronized (control) {
      final GerritJob job = findBuild4Revision(rcrs);
      String msg;
      if (job != null) {
        msg =
            String.format("Build job was already scheduled: %s, at: %s",
                job.getId(), time(job.getStartTime()));
      } else {
        Change change = rcrs.getChange();
        log.debug("dispatch event branch: {}, ref: {}", change.getDest()
            .getShortName(), rcrs.getPatchSet().getRefName());
        control.startGerritJob(rcrs.getControl().getProject().getName(),
            change, rcrs.getPatchSet());
        msg =
            String.format("Build job scheduled: %s", rcrs.getPatchSet().getId()
                .toString());
        ReviewDb db = dbProvider.get();
        db.changes().beginTransaction(change.getId());
        try {
          change = db.changes().atomicUpdate(
            change.getId(),
            new AtomicUpdate<Change>() {
              @Override
              public Change update(Change change) {
                ChangeUtil.updated(change);
                return change;
              }
            });
          db.commit();
        } finally {
          db.rollback();
        }
      }
      return msg;
    }
  }

  private GerritJob findBuild4Revision(RevisionResource rcrs) {
    return control.findJobByPatchSet(rcrs.getControl().getProject().getName(),
        rcrs.getPatchSet());
  }

  private static String time(final long now) {
    final Date when = new Date(now);
    return new SimpleDateFormat("MMM-dd HH:mm").format(when);
  }

  static class Input {
  }
}


DG Locksmith is dedicated to giving you the very best locksmithing services in the industry. Whether you are concerned with securing your home, your office, your car, or even simply seeking out professional advice, we take pride in providing you with the best and the most efficient service in the industry. With our round the clock service hours you can guarantee that no matter when you call a technician will be on hand to reach you. In addition, our 30 minute response time allows for one of our dedicated professionals to be at your side within one-half hour of your call to offer their experience and expertise. Our long list of company certifications speaks strongly to our reliability and our professionalism when dealing with whatever your locksmithing needs may be.
In everything that we do we strive for complete customer satisfaction, and with 15 years of professional experience to pull from, you can rest easy, knowing that the job will be done right and within a time frame that suits your specific schedule. It is through our years of tireless dedication that DG Locksmith has become the most trusted name in Brisbane for any and all locksmithing services. For the best, the most reliable, and the most efficient service possible, DG Locksmith is only one easy call away at any time.


Centrepoint is happy to give our delegates a 10% discount on the room rates.
When booking you need to tell the receptionists that you will be attending the Sunnybroms Conference. Centrepoint booking system will be set up to deduct the correct amount.


Axis Europe Plc has made every effort to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this site. Whilst every effort is made to produce up to date services and information, this site should not be regarded as an infallible guide to our business.
All rights, including copyright and database right, in the website and its contents, are owned by or licensed to Axis Europe Plc, or otherwise used by Axis Europe Plc as permitted by applicable law or the copyright holder. You may not copy, reproduce, republish, download, post, broadcast or transmit any text, images, graphic, logo, button, icon, image and their selection and arrangement thereof, and any underlying source code and software, for any commercial or public purpose without prior written permission from Axis Europe Plc or the copyright holder.
You may not adapt, alter or create any of the material or information in this site or use it for any other purpose other than for your personal non-commercial use. You agree to use this site only for lawful purposes. Axis Europe Plc reserves the right to use for its own purposes any material submitted to the site, including text and images, either on the site or in any other form, including for publicity purposes. Axis Europe Plc reserves the right to monitor submissions to the site and to edit or reject any submissions.
We try to ensure that information on our site is accurate, complete and up-to-date. In using this site, however, you agree to be bound by the Terms & Conditions, which take effect on the date when you first use the site. Without prejudice to your statutory rights, the site and all information, text, names, images, pictures, logos, links and icons and other materials (without limitation) are provided 'AS IS' and on an 'IS AVAILABLE' basis without representation warranty or endorsement, express or implied.
In particular, we do not warrant or represent the accuracy or completeness of information provided on this site nor do we guarantee that use of this site will be uninterrupted or error-free, or that the site and its servers are free of computer viruses or bugs. In no event will Axis Europe Plc be liable to any person for any damage or loss that may arise from the use of any information contained in our site or products displayed on our site, including, without limitation, indirect or consequential damages, or any damages whatsoever arising from use or loss of use, data, or profits, whether in action of contract, negligence or other tortious action, arising out of or in connection with the use of the site.
All names, images, logos identifying Axis Europe Plc are proprietary marks of Axis Europe. All third party brand, product, service and company names contained on this site are the trademarks, service marks and trade names of their respective holders. Axis Europe Plc does not give permission for their use by any person other than the holders. Any such use may constitute an infringement of the holders' rights.
Axis Europe Plc does not represent, warrant, endorse or hold responsibility over any external sites that may be linked to and from this site. Any external site that you visit by clicking through a link on this site is outside the control of Axis Europe Plc and you visit entirely at your own risk.
The software downloads from this site have been thoroughly scanned and tested at all stages of production, but – as with all new software – we still recommend that you run a virus checker before use. We also recommend that you have an up-to-date backup of your hard disk before using the software.
Axis Europe Plc cannot accept responsibility for any disruption, damage and/or loss of data on your data or computer system that may occur while using the software. Consult your network administrator before installing any software on a networked computer.
Cookies may be placed upon your computer, phone or other Internet device in order to provide essential site features such as completing enquiry forms quickly.
(b) the person requires another person to perform forced or compulsory labour and the circumstances are such that the person knows or ought to know that the other person is being required to perform forced or compulsory labour.
(2) In subsection (1) the references to holding a person in slavery or servitude or requiring a person to perform forced or compulsory labour are to be construed in accordance with Article 4 of the Human Rights Convention.
(3) In determining whether a person is being held in slavery or servitude or required to perform forced or compulsory labour, regard may be had to all the circumstances.
(5) The consent of a person (whether an adult or a child) to any of the acts alleged to constitute holding the person in slavery or servitude, or requiring the person to perform forced or compulsory labour, does not preclude a determination that the person is being held in slavery or servitude, or required to perform forced or compulsory labour.
(b) on summary conviction, to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 12 months or a fine or both.
Axis recognizes the Modern Slavery Act 2015, we understand modern slavery risks and ensure that there is no modern slavery in our business and supply chains.
In order to ensure that our Supply Chain recognizes, understands and operates as the Act dictates, they all have to sign a disclosure confirming that Modern Slavery is not happening in the subcontractors' business. We will not knowingly support and work with any business who is involved with slavery and/or human trafficking.
In order to promote the act within Axis, we have uploaded our Modern Slavery Act statement in our Company website and Intranet, we have provided employees with this statement in our Inductions and we are currently in the process of arranging tool box talks.
Our employees do not have to work for more than 48 hours a week on average over 17 weeks, including normal working hours and overtime, unless our employee agrees to do so.
In relation to our Supply Chain: This falls under Axis' Operations Director, who is ensuring that our Supply Chain abides to the Act. In relation to Axis as a whole, the responsibility lies into various Departments. The HR Department always ensures that all letters and contracts of employment meet the law in relation to working hours and salaries. The Payroll Department ensures that all the employees and third parties are paid in time as per the terms and conditions of their associated contracts, and a detailed payslip is provided to all employees outlining what has been included in the pay. The Operations teams ensure that the employees are aware of the Act and its contents via Tool box talks that offer across Axis and finally the Marketing team provides communication both externally via the company's website and internally via the Intranet.
Axis has a zero tolerance approach to cases of discrimination, bullying and harassment and immediate action will be taken in case of such events.


Daniel Grant might just be the most entertaining rider on the planet. This duel-sport wakeboarder and wakeskater is viewed as a competition threat, no matter if he's strapped in or not. Known as the Candy Man or Turtle (Tao), Daniel is a 14-year-old globetrotter; this Thai rider started traveling the world alone in 2011 and expanded on his travel in 2012. Daniel set the record for youngest professional world champion in WWA history by taking the 2010 WWA Wake Park World Championship; and he's won multiple WWA Wake Park World Series stops in Pro Men, Pro Features, and Pro Wakeskate as well. Tom Fooshee, James Windsor, and Nick Davies have their eyes set on Daniel, in fact all three believe that he's going to podium in at least one division at the 2012 WWA Wake Park World Championships hosted by Al Forsan International Sports Resort.
Daniel Grant @republ1cwakepark from 21Rope.com kimyongil.net on Vimeo.
Progression and legitimacy are Daniel's two most valued aspects; he's landed tricks that are simply mind-boggling such as melon toeside backside 180 rewind backside 540s and melon toeside backside 540 rewind backside 180s. At the 2nd stop of the Monster Energy WWA Wake Park Triple Crown, Daniel landed a heelside backside 900 then followed it up on the next pass with a heelside frontside 1080. This is just Daniel's wakeboarding, there's a whole different list regarding his wakeskating.
• Home riding spot: Thai Wakepark, Bangkok – Thailand.
WWA: Tell us about yourself.
Daniel Grant: I have been wakeboarding and wakeskating since the last 6 years and am motivated by progression and pushing the sport forward.
WWA: How did you get into the sport?
Daniel: Transition from skateboarding, which I was doing since I was 3 years old.
WWA: Who has been most influential in your development of wakeboarding?
Daniel: From the start in terms of teaching me the basics, for sure is a local rider by the name of Didi Anwar, and of course Aum and Oye, the owners of Thai Wakepark who have supported me from the start.
WWA: How has the 2012 season been so far?
Daniel: 2012 has been awesome; I have spent basically 7 months travelling all over the world.
WWA: What has been your favorite trip this year and why?
Daniel: Difficult to say, I love riding at Thai Wakepark (home cable) so when travelling a lot, coming home was sweet. Texas was a lot of fun, I enjoyed staying in Orlando, had also a lot of fun on the U.S Wakeskate Tour, then events in Europe such as Wake the Line, Wake & Country. To many events to mention!
WWA: What is your mindset coming into the 2012 Wake Park World Championships?
Daniel: Have fun, progress the sport, don't sandbag, go big and with style or stay home.
WWA: Al Forsan has a plethora of new features including rails and kickers; how will they play a role in this year's championships compared to the 2011 contest?
Daniel: I heard they would have more obstacles this year and make use of both lakes, which will be much better.
WWA: This year's contest is on the opposite cable from last year (Clockwise cable); how will you adapt your riding to accommodate to this cable?
Daniel: Is no problem, I am used to both directions and it's just part of a comp.
WWA: What rider will you be most prepared to compete against?
Daniel: I focus on my own riding not the others, who I am up against is not something I really think about until I am at the dock.
WWA: Who will be the top 3 finishers in your division?
Daniel: Tom should win the Tour; he's on fire right now. After that is tough to call, but for sure well represented by Liquid Force.
WWA: Any particular person that you'll have your eyes set on to beat in the karting race?
Daniel: Anyone in front of me.
WWA: What about in the paintball arena? Who do you want to shoot?
Daniel: I'll make a short list when I am there.
WWA: Who would you like to thank?
Daniel: I would like to thank all my sponsors and supporters, including Liquid Force, Monster Energy, Rip Curl, Thai Wake Park, Spy, Razer, Boon Rawd, Sesitec, The Flow House – Bangkok, Intensity Pro Shop.


text:
Legal & General Group Plc
ONE COLEMAN STREET, LONDON, EC2R 5AA
Other Insurance Services
Insurance: Life & Health
Pension Funds & Sovereign Wealth
Trusts & Funds
Investment Services & Portfolio Management
Legal & General Group Plc engages in the provision of risk, savings and investment management products and services. It operates through the following segments: Legal & General Retirement (LGR); Legal & General Investment Management (LGIM); Legal & General Capital (LGC); and Legal & General Insurance (LGI). The LGR segment works with companies, pension fund trustees and its advisers to provide risk transfer solutions. The LGIM segment manages investments for defined benefit plans. The LGC segment develops direct investments and increase the risk-adjusted returns on shareholder assets. The LGI represents UK retail protection, group protection and network business. The company was founded on September 19, 1836 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.
http://www.legalandgeneralgroup.com
Trying to get in touch with decision makers at Legal & General Group Plc? Subscribe today to access their professional contact information and receive a one time promotion of free Contact Data credits!
L&G agrees £30mn bulk annuity deal with Marie Curie scheme
MetLife (MET) Unit to Reinsure Legal & General's Longevity Risk
MetLife inks four longevity reinsurance transactions with L&G
City AM
Divorce Day: Women more likely to waive pension rights
European Stocks Close Mixed After Lackluster Session
Nigel David Wilson
Executive Director, Chief Executive Officer
Mark Zinkula
Executive Director, Chief Executive Officer, Legal & General Investment Management
Kerrigan William Procter
Executive Director, Chief Executive Officer, LGC
Jeff Davies
Group Chief Financial Officer & Executive Director
Michelle Sylvia Scrimgeour
Tim Breedon
Executive Director, Group Chief Executive
Geoffrey Julian Timms
Secretary & Group General Counsel
Paul Stanworth
Chief Executive Officer, Legal & General Capital
Nick Frankland
Managing Director, Fintech, Legal & General Insurance
Managing Director, Retirement & Retail Customer Division
Paths to Legal & General Group Plc
Owners & Shareholders
FIL Investment Advisors (UK) Ltd.
FIA-UK is an active manager which aims to achieve long-term capital appreciation through a bottom-up approach. They focus on individual companies that seek to identify fundamental value in stocks. They use a wide variety of investment strategies in managing client assets. FIA-UK conducts fundamental research, focusing on business franchise, trading environment, valuation, and management. Top-down considerations complement their approach, with particular attention paid to political, environmental and social issues likely to impact a company's potential. Positions are usually significant in size and long-term in duration. FIA-UK is heavily research-oriented and does not rely on sell-side research.
Hargreaves Lansdown Stockbrokers Ltd.
Hargreaves Lansdown Stockbrokers Ltd., a subsidiary of Hargreaves Lansdown Plc, is a British company located in Bristol that provides brokerage services. The firm was founded in 1981 by Peter Kendal Hargreaves.The company says this about itself: Hargreaves Lansdown Stockbrokers Ltd is a member firm of the London Stock Exchange and PLUS, and is regulated as an independent agency stockbroker, in the provision of both stockbroking and other investment services.
Columbia Threadneedle Investments
Threadneedle AM is an active, client-focused and performance driven manager which follows a variety of strategies not limited to any particular investment approach, style or focus. They invest in equity, debt, cash instruments, real estate and other alternative asset classes. They believe that outperformance is created by the quality of their thinking about economics, markets and securities. The firm is responsive to market conditions and believes in conviction-based decision making. Threadneedle AM's investment process is structured to facilitate the generation, assessment and implementation of investment ideas. They invest in equity worldwide, including in emerging markets, and across market-caps. Investment decisions are based on in-house fundamental research underpinned by rigorous reviews of individual stocks based on thematic research, sector knowledge and a sharing of ideas within and across teams. Threadneedle AM invests in fixed-income across the market spectrum, with portfolios focused on emerging markets, high yield, governments, investment grade, money markets and ABS. Investment decisions are based on team views and are supported by quantitative analysis.
Allianz SE, Allianz Holdings Plc purchase Legal & General Insurance Holdings Ltd. from Legal & General Group Plc
Legal & General Group Plc purchases Finovation Ltd. from Enterprise Ireland, National Digital Research Centre Ltd. (Venture Capital)
Warburg Pincus LLC, Warburg Pincus & Company US LLC purchase IndiaFirst Life Insurance Co. Ltd. from Legal & General Group Plc
Arlington Business Parks Partnership
Advised on Goodman Property Trust, Arlington Business Parks Partnership purchase Akeler Holdings Plc from Lend Lease Corp. Ltd.
Trident Components Group Ltd.
Advised on Trident Components Group Ltd. purchases Unitech AG from UniCredit Bank Austria AG
Advised onLegal & General Group Plc purchases Cala Group Limited from Patron Capital Advisers LLP
Fenchurch Partners Ltd.
Advised onCurtis Banks Group PLC purchases Suffolk Life Group Ltd. from Legal & General Group Plc
Advised onSwiss RE AG purchases from Legal & General Group Plc
Robert Chaplin
Advised onEpiris Managers LLP, Legal & General Group Plc, Patron Capital Advisers LLP, CALA Group Ltd. /Private Group purchase Cala Group Limited from Lloyds Banking Group Plc
Harriett Clover
Advised onLegal & General Assurance Society Ltd., Legal & General Group Plc purchase Lucida Plc from Cerberus Capital Management LP
Katherine Coates
Partner at Clifford Chance LLP
Mark Gregory
Associate at Institute of Chartered Accountants in England & Wales
Jane Edwarde
Partner at Slaughter and May
Nationwide Building Society engages in the provision of personal financial services. It provides current accounts, credit cards, individual savings accounts, and personal loans. The company was founded in 1846 and is headquartered in Swindon, the United Kingdom.
Key Stats and Financials As of 2019
Enterprise Value / Sales
TEVNet Income
Debt TEV
Three Year Compounded Annual Growth Rate Of Revenue
$85B
Congenica Ltd.
Congenica Ltd. develops genome-based discovery and diagnostic technologies. It uses SAPIENTIA technology platform, which allows genome scale DNA sequence data to be presented within a clinically actionable diagnostic report. The company was founded by Matthew Hurles, Richard Durbin and Philip Beales in 2013 and is headquartered in Hinxton, the United Kingdom.
Current Health Ltd.
Current Health Ltd. develops continuous monitoring software platform backed by wearable device. The company was founded in 2015 by Christopher McCann, David Bowie and Stewart Whiting and is headquartered in Edinburgh, the United Kingdom.
Salary Finance Ltd.
Salary Finance Ltd. provides employee benefit program. It collects repayments from payroll based on the repayment plan. The company was founded by Daniel Owen Cobley, Asesh Sarkar and Daniel Shakhani in 2015 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.
Jeffrey Maurice Sterling
Co-Founder at Motability
John Roundell Palmer
Former Hereditary Peer at United Kingdom House of Lords
Frederick Matthew Thomas Ponsonby
Life Peer at United Kingdom House of Lords
eg solutions Ltd. Computer Software | Stafford, United Kingdom
eg solutions Ltd. provides information technology and software support services. It is a back office optimization software company, which is specialized in two core solutions: eg operational intelligence and eg operational management implementation. The eg operational intelligence software suite provides historic, real-time, and predictive management information about all the factors affecting operational performance. The eg operational management implementation and training services deliver a consistent approach to actively managing work, people and processes anywhere in the world. eg Solutions was founded by Elizabeth Gooch in January 1988 and is headquartered in Stafford, the United Kingdom.
The Innovation Group Ltd. Holding Companies | Whiteley, United Kingdom
Innovation Group Ltd. provides business process outsourcing and software solutions to the insurance, fleet, automotive and property industries. It provides contact centres, repair networks, process management, supply chain and technology operations and decision support analytics to support accident management, repair and estimation and claims management services. The company was founded in 1996 and is headquartered in Whiteley, the United Kingdom.
Kin + Carta Plc Advertising & Marketing | London, Gbr
Kin + Carta Plc engages in the provision of digital transformation services that apply creativity, data, and technology to help clients invent, market, and operate new digital products and services. It operates through the Connective model which fuses three specialisms such as strategy, innovation, and communication. The company was founded by Robert Gavron and Baron Gavron in 1981 and is headquartered in London, the United Kingdom.
This web site is not endorsed by, directly affiliated with, maintained, authorized, or sponsored by Legal & General Group Plc. The use of any trade name or trademark is for identification and reference purposes only and does not imply any association with the trademark holder. The Presence of Legal & General Group Plc's profile does not indicate a business or promotional relationship of any kind between RelSci and Legal & General Group Plc.


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nick mundy
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Philadelphia-born, self-taught musician Nick Mundy started his musical odyssey at the young age of 17 as lead singer and guitarist for London Records' family group, "The Beck Family." Nick continued his journey with another Philadelphia family group, "Sister Sledge," as their Musical Director and Guitarist. He performed on their album titled "My Guy."
Nick left the East Coast for Los Angeles to pursue his artistry. Armed with only one hundred dollars and 14 songs, he promptly landed himself a publishing deal with MCA Publishing and Warner Chapell Music. It wasn't much time before Nick was signed to Warner Brothers by Benny Medina. He released his first solo album in 1985 titled, "Your Kind of Guy."
Nick is a Grammy Nominated and Platinum Selling songwriter and Producer. He has co-written and produced songs such as "Talk to Me" for Chico DeBarge; "Trade Him In" with Janice Ian; "Working Wonders with Jody Mowatt; "What Comes Naturally" for Sheena Easton; "This Song" for Jeffrey Osborne; "Roll The Dice" for Color Me Badd; "Personality" for Kashif, Gina Go Go Gomez, Alexander O'Neal and John Pagano; "Let's Get To It" for Wild Orchid and Fergie; "All About You Boy" for Eric Benet; "Christmas Mom" for LaToya Jackson with Cerrone; "Oops, Oh, No!" for Phil Perry; "Who You Love" for Carl Thomas Motion and Tony Terry; and "Try My Love" for Jeremy Jordan… just to name a few.
Naturally, it was only a matter of time before Nick returned to doing exactly what he was meant to do – crafting song after heartfelt song for himself for his self-released CD titled "Just Songs." In this album he finally is able to release himself from the shackles of having to write an album of cuts in just one style or another. With this CD, Nick's fans can truly appreciate his multi-faceted, genre-crossing artistry.
Nick is currently performing around the Los Angeles area. He has had solo shows at Genghis Cohen, Room 5 Lounge, Renaissance Hotel Lobby Lounge, Blue Café, The Joint and Charlene's Urban Tapas & Wine. He has opened for Howard Hewitt at The Vibrato Grill Jazz…Etc.
http://www.nickmundy.com
artist, industry professional
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Mrs Stella.
nick mundy's SmallWorlds
nick mundy's Ustream.tv