text:
from tastypie.resources import Resource, DeclarativeMetaclass, ResourceOptions
from tastypie import fields
from tastypie.paginator import Paginator
from tastypie.exceptions import InvalidFilterError, InvalidSortError
from haystack.query import SearchQuerySet, AutoQuery, SQ
from .utils import stemmer, uclean
from django.db import connection
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse

class UCharField(fields.ApiField):
    dehydrated_type = 'string'
    help_text = 'Unicode string data. Ex: "Hello World"'

    def convert(self, value):
        if value is None:
            return None

        return uclean(value)

class IDPaginator(Paginator):

    def get_slice(self, limit, offset):
        if limit == 0:
            return list(self.objects.order_by('id').filter(id__gte=offset))

        return list(self.objects.order_by('id').filter(id__gte=offset)[:limit])

    def get_count(self):
        query = self.objects.query

        query, params = query.sql_with_params()
        query = 'EXPLAIN %s' % query

        cursor = connection.cursor()
        cursor.execute(query, params)
        count = cursor.fetchone()[-2]

        return count

    def get_next(self, limit, offset):
        return self._generate_uri(limit, offset)

    def page(self):
        limit = self.get_limit()
        offset = self.get_offset()
        count = self.get_count()
        objects = self.get_slice(limit, offset)
        next_offset = objects[-1].id
        meta = {
            'offset': offset,
            'limit': limit,
            'total_count': count,
        }

        if limit:
            meta['next'] = self.get_next(limit, next_offset)

        return {
            self.collection_name: objects,
            'meta': meta,
        }

LOOKUP_SEP = '__'

class SearchOptions(ResourceOptions):
    resource_name = 'search'
    object_class = SearchQuerySet
    object_query = SQ
    detail_uri_name = 'django_id'
    index = None
    model = None
    autoquery_fields = []
    autocomplete_fields = []
    stem_fields = []
    max_limit = 100

class SearchDeclarativeMetaclass(DeclarativeMetaclass):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs):
        new_class = super(SearchDeclarativeMetaclass, cls).__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs)
        opts = getattr(new_class, 'Meta', None)
        new_class._meta = SearchOptions(opts)
        include_fields = getattr(new_class._meta, 'fields', [])
        excludes = getattr(new_class._meta, 'excludes', [])
        excludes.append('text')
        field_names = new_class.base_fields.keys()

        if getattr(new_class._meta, 'index', None):
            new_class._meta.model = new_class.Meta.index.get_model()

        for field_name in field_names:
            if field_name == 'resource_uri':
                continue
            if field_name in new_class.declared_fields:
                continue
            if len(include_fields) and not field_name in include_fields:
                del(new_class.base_fields[field_name])
            if len(excludes) and field_name in excludes:
                del(new_class.base_fields[field_name])

        new_class.base_fields.update(new_class.get_fields(include_fields, excludes))

        if getattr(new_class._meta, 'include_absolute_url', True):
            if not 'absolute_url' in new_class.base_fields:
                new_class.base_fields['absolute_url'] = fields.CharField(
                    attribute='get_absolute_url', readonly=True)
        elif 'absolute_url' in new_class.base_fields and not 'absolute_url' in attrs:
            del(new_class.base_fields['absolute_url'])

        return new_class

class BaseSearchResource(Resource):
    __metaclass__ = SearchDeclarativeMetaclass

    django_id = fields.IntegerField(attribute='django_id')

    @classmethod
    def api_field_from_haystack_field(cls, f, default=fields.CharField):
        result = default

        internal_type = f.__class__.__name__

        if internal_type in ('DateTimeField', 'DateField'):
            result = fields.DateTimeField
        elif internal_type in ('BooleanField',):
            result = fields.BooleanField
        elif internal_type in ('FloatField',):
            result = fields.FloatField
        elif internal_type in ('DecimalField',):
            result = fields.DecimalField
        elif internal_type in ('IntegerField',):
            result = fields.IntegerField

        return result

    @classmethod
    def get_fields(cls, fields=None, excludes=None):
        final_fields = {}
        fields = fields or []
        excludes = excludes or []

        if not cls._meta.index:
            return final_fields

        for f, f_class in cls._meta.index.fields.items():

            if f in cls.base_fields:
                continue

            if fields and f not in fields:
                continue

            if excludes and f in excludes:
                continue

            api_field_class = cls.api_field_from_haystack_field(f_class)

            final_fields[f] = api_field_class(**{'attribute': f})
            final_fields[f].instance_name = f

        return final_fields

    def detail_uri_kwargs(self, bundle_or_obj):
        kwargs = {}
        if isinstance(bundle_or_obj, SearchQuerySet):
            kwargs[self._meta.detail_uri_name] = getattr(bundle_or_obj, self._meta.detail_uri_name)
        else:
            kwargs[self._meta.detail_uri_name] = getattr(bundle_or_obj.obj, self._meta.detail_uri_name)
        return kwargs

    def check_filtering(self, field_name, filter_type='contains'):
        if not field_name in self._meta.filtering:
            raise InvalidFilterError("The '%s' field does not allow filtering." % field_name)

        if not filter_type in self._meta.filtering[field_name]:
            raise InvalidFilterError("'%s' is not an allowed filter on the '%s' field." % (filter_type, field_name))

        return True

    def filter_value_to_python(self, filter_type, value):
        if value in ['true', 'True', True]:
            value = True
        elif value in ['false', 'False', False]:
            value = False
        elif value in ('none', 'None', None):
            value = None

        if filter_type in ('in', 'range') and len(value):
            value = value.replace('[', '').replace(']', '')
            value = value.split(',')

        return value

    def build_filters(self, filters=None, stem_lang=''):
        if filters is None:
            filters = {}

        applicable_filters = {}
        for filter_expr, value in filters.items():
            lookup_bits = filter_expr.split(LOOKUP_SEP)
            field_name = lookup_bits.pop(0)
            filter_type = lookup_bits.pop() if lookup_bits else 'contains'
            filter_expr = LOOKUP_SEP.join([field_name, filter_type])
            filter_value = self.filter_value_to_python(filter_type, value)

            if field_name in self._meta.stem_fields and stem_lang:
                filter_value = stemmer.stem(filter_value, stem_lang)

            if field_name in self._meta.autoquery_fields:
                filter_value = AutoQuery(filter_value)

            if self.check_filtering(field_name, filter_type):
                applicable_filters[filter_expr] = filter_value

        return applicable_filters

    def apply_filters(self, request, filters=None, join_op='and'):
        SQ = self._meta.object_query
        query = SQ()

        if join_op == 'and':
            for fltr, val in filters.items():
                query = query & SQ(**{fltr: val})

        if join_op == 'or':
            for fltr, val in filters.items():
                query = query | SQ(**{fltr: val})

        if join_op == 'not':
            for fltr, val in filters.items():
                query = query & ~SQ(**{fltr: val})

        result = self.get_object_list(request).filter(query)

        return result

    def apply_sort(self, obj_list, sort_expr):
        field_name = sort_expr[1:] if sort_expr.startswith('-') else sort_expr

        if not field_name in self.fields:
            raise InvalidSortError("No matching '%s' field for ordering on." % field_name)

        if not field_name in self._meta.ordering:
            InvalidSortError("The '%s' field does not allow ordering." % field_name)

        return obj_list.order_by(sort_expr)

    def get_object_list(self, request):
        return self._meta.object_class().models(self._meta.model)

    def obj_get_list(self, request=None, **kwargs):
        filters = {}
        request = kwargs['bundle'].request

        if hasattr(request, 'GET'):
            filters = request.GET.copy()

        and_filters = {}
        or_filters = {}
        not_filters = {}

        sort_expr = filters.get('order_by')
        if sort_expr: del filters['order_by']

        del filters['format']
        if 'offset' in filters.keys(): del filters['offset']
        if 'limit' in filters.keys(): del filters['limit']

        autocomp_filters = {}
        for fltr, val in filters.items():
            if fltr in self._meta.autocomplete_fields:
                autocomp_filters[fltr] = val
                del filters[fltr]

        for fltr, val in filters.items():

            if fltr[0] == '|':
                or_filters[fltr[1:]] = val
            elif fltr[0] == '~':
                not_filters[fltr[1:]] = val
            else:
                and_filters[fltr] = val

            del filters[fltr]

        result = self.get_object_list(request)

        if autocomp_filters:
            for fltr, val in autocomp_filters.items():
                result = result.autocomplete(**{fltr: val})

        if and_filters:
            stem_lang = and_filters.get('lang') or ''
            applicable_filters = self.build_filters(and_filters, stem_lang)
            result = self.apply_filters(request, applicable_filters)

        if or_filters:
            applicable_filters = self.build_filters(or_filters)
            result = result | self.apply_filters(request, applicable_filters, 'or')

        if not_filters:
            applicable_filters = self.build_filters(not_filters)
            result = result & self.apply_filters(request, applicable_filters, 'not')

        if sort_expr:
            result = self.apply_sort(result, sort_expr)

        return result

    def obj_get(self, request=None, **kwargs):
        pk_fld = self._meta.detail_uri_name
        pk = kwargs.get(pk_fld)
        sqs = self.get_object_list(request)

        if pk:
            sqs = sqs.filter(**{pk_fld: pk})

            if sqs:
                return sqs[0]
            else:
                return sqs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
USA falls to Japan at General Tire World Cup of Softball
By Codi Warren | July 13, 2013, 12 a.m. (ET)
2013 Team USA Cumulative Stats
OKLAHOMA CITY – Yukiko Ueno made her return to the World Cup of Softball Saturday evening as Team Japan downed Team USA 7-4 the Amateur Softball Association (ASA) of America and USA Softball announced today. Ueno went the distance for Japan, allowing four runs on eight hits and one walk while striking out eight.
"We responded really well against one of, if not the, best pitcher in the world," said Head Coach Ken Eriksen. "We weren't overmatched. Every time they scored a run we responded offensively. We just ran out of time tonight, and it ended up that they had more points at the end of the game than we did."
Leadoff hitter Misato Kawano led Japan, going 3-for-4 with one run scored. Misa Okubo also went 3-for-4, while Yukiyo Mine was 2-for-4. Lauren Gibson (Pasadena, Md.) and Valerie Arioto (Pleasanton, Claif.) each went 2-for-3 for Team USA, while Amanda Chidester (Allen Park, Mich.) delivered a two-run home run late in the game.
Japan jumped out to a 3-0 lead in the top of the first inning. Kawano led off the game with a solo shot to right field off Team USA starting pitcher Aimee Creger (Yukon, Okla.), and Japan added two additional runs with two outs in the inning. Mine reached on a single and Okubo gave Japan runners at the corners. Following a Team USA pitching change, Mine capitalized on a wild pitch from Cheridan Hawkins (Anderson, Calif.) and Okubo scored on a passed ball as Japan led 3-0 after a half inning.
Team USA responded in the bottom half of the inning as Michelle Moultrie (Jacksonville, Fla.) lined a single to center and moved to second on a sacrifice bunt from Raven Chavanne (Thousand Oaks, Calif.). Gibson reached on a single and Chidester loaded the bases after being hit by a pitch. Arioto's single scored Moultrie and re-loaded the bases for Team USA. Ueno retired the next two batters to end the threat.
Hawkins returned to the circle in the second and retired Japan in order. In the bottom of the inning, Team USA added an unearned run as Rhea Taylor (Atlanta, Ga.) reached on an infield single and moved to second on a throwing error before coming around to score when Chavanne reached on Japan's second error of the inning. Ueno sat down Gibson on strikes as Japan led 3-2 after two.
After both teams went down in order in the third, Japan added three runs in the fourth as Okubo, Sonoka Kuniyoshi and Nozomi Shimasaki all came around to score as Japan got five hits in the inning of Hawkins and Sara Nevis (Pinellas Park, Fla.).
Ueno sat the US down in order in the bottom of the fourth and Japan had a runner reach second in the top of the fifth before Team USA cut the deficit to two in the bottom of the fifth.
Gibson reached on a two-out walk to give Team USA its first baserunner since the second inning. Ueno retired nine straight before Gibson reached. Chidester came through with a two-run home run in the next at-bat to trim Japan's lead to 6-4.
Japan got one run back in the top of the sixth to lead 7-4 as Rie Nagayoshi led off with a walk and came around to score on a groundout from Rei Nishiyama. Team USA sent a pair of pinch hitters to the plate in the sixth but came up empty-handed as Japan continued to lead 7-4 heading to the seventh.
"We had a lot of hits tonight," said USA first baseman Valerie Arioto. "We learned a lot about the Japanese team, a lot of the girls haven't seen them at all, so we learned a lot about their game."
Nevins gave up a one-out single in the seventh but Japan left the runner stranded at second to end the frame. Team USA rallied in the seventh with a single and double but left Gibson standing on second to end the game.
Creger picked up the loss, pitching two-thirds of an inning and allowing three runs on three hits.
The USA Softball Women's National team will return to World Cup action on Sunday afternoon with a match up against Puerto Rico at 12 p.m. CT. For more information visit USASoftball.com.
Other action at the General Tire World Cup:
GAME ONE: Japan 4, Puerto Rico 0
Kana Nakano and Miki Kozono combined to throw a three-hit shutout as Japan blanked Puerto Rico, 4-0, Saturday morning at the World Cup of Softball. Misato Kawano, Mana Atsumi and Rie Nagayoshi each went 1-for-2 with a run scored, while Natsuko Ono went 1-for-3 with a run scored. Three of Japan's four runs came in the third inning.
Nagayoshi was hit by a pitch to start the inning and scored on a double from Kawano before Kawano and Atsumi scored on a throwing error to give Team Japan the 3-0 lead. Ono reached out on a one-out triple in the sixth and scored on a sacrifice fly by Haruka Agatsuma.
Lissette Garay allowed the three runs on two hits and four walks in five innings pitched. She struck out three before yielding to Courtney Rivera at the start of the sixth.
GAME TWO: Australia 6, Puerto Rico 2
Georgia Casey and Stacey McManus drove in two runs each as Australia defeated Puerto Rico, 6-2, in Saturday's second game. McManus went 2-for-2, while Casey was 2-for-3. McManus scored the first run of the game in the second on a single from Kate Sternes.
Australia added two runs in the third as Stacey Webber came around on a single from Casey who later scored on a double from McManus. Puerto Rico trimmed the lead to one in the top of the fifth as Yahelis Munoz and Dayanira Diaz scored to cut the lead to 3-2.
Australia added an additional three runs in the fifth as Clare Warwick scored on a Casey single. Casey and McManus later came around on a McManus two-run shot to left field.
Jailynn Jackson gave up three earned runs on five hits, while Amy Murch earned the win for Australia. Murch held Puerto Rico to two runs on five hits.
GAME THREE: Canada 2, Australia 0
Canada scored in the bottom of the first and held on to defeat Australia 2-0 Saturday afternoon. Heather Ebert reached on a fielder's choice and scored on Jennifer Gilbert's double to give Team Canada the early 1-0 lead. Canada added an insurance run in the fifth as Meghan Rumpf reached on a one-out walk and stole second before coming around on a single by Joey Lye.
Australia went down in order in the first three innings and threatened in the fourth after Clare Warwick reached n an error and made it to third before Canada got out of the jam. The Australians went quietly in the fifth and sixth, allowing just one base runner in each of those innings before attempting a comeback in the latter innings.
Georgia Casey led off the seventh inning with a walk but was retired on a fielder's choice. Australia had runners at first and second with two outs in the inning but a groundout ended the game.
Chelsea Forkin led Australia at the plate, going 2-for-3. Stacey McManus continued her impressive performance at the World Cup of Softball, finishing the game 1-for-3.
Caitlin Lever went 2-for-3 at the plate for Canada. Sara Plourde picked up the win, pitching 4.2 innings and holding Australia to three hits and two walks. Jenna Caira earned the save, pitching the final 2.1 innings and giving up two hits and one walk.
Sandra Holden allowed one earned run on two hits in 2.1 innings pitched for Australia.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Q: Can't get AllegroServe / Ironclad to work (ql:quickload "aserve") fails
I'm trying to install AllegroServe. According to http://quickdocs.org/portableaserve/ and to this SO thread the simplest way to get aserve would be to get it with quicklisp: (ql:quickload "aserve")
But (ql:quickload "aserve") fails yielding the following error in the debugger buffer:
COMPILE-FILE-ERROR while compiling
   #<IRONCLAD-SOURCE-FILE "ironclad" "src" "digests" "digest">
   [Condition of type UIOP/LISP-BUILD:COMPILE-FILE-ERROR]

Whereas in the REPL it says:
; Loading "aserve"
; caught ERROR: READ error during COMPILE-FILE: Symbol "BIGNUM-TYPE"
;   not found in the SB-BIGNUM package.  Line: 53, Column: 52,
;   File-Position: 2151 Stream: #<SB-INT:FORM-TRACKING-STREAM for
;   "file
;   C:\\Users\\user\\AppData\\Roaming\\quicklisp\\dists\\quicklisp\\software\\ironclad_0.33.0\\src\\digests\\digest.lisp"
;   {25AFCD91}>

What I've tried so far
Apparently ironclad is another package, a "cryptographic toolkit written in pure Common Lisp". I downloaded ironclad-v0.34 from http://quickdocs.org/ironclad/ and even found digest.lisp and digests.lisp in the ironclad folder which made me think that I am on the right track.
My problem is I don't no where to go from here. How and where do I "install" ironclad?
Quickdocs says

[ironclad] comes with an ASDF system definition, so (asdf:oos 'asdf:load-op
  :ironclad) should be all that you need to get started. The testsuite
  can be run by substituting asdf:test-op for asdf:load-op in the form
  above.

but since I'm not familiar with asdf I don't know what to make of it.
Am I even on the right track? Is installing the ironclad package the right way to make the error COMPILE-FILE-ERROR while compiling #<IRONCLAD-SOURCE-FILE "ironclad" "src" "digests" "digest">go away? If so what do I do with the ironclad-v0.34 folder?
(I'm using sbcl on a windows 10 machine.)

A: Thanks to @jkiiski leading me down the right path I was able to install aserve. The problem was indeed an old version of ironclad which, as @jkiiski pointed out, was using SB-BIGNUM:BIGNUM-TYPE which had been removed from SBCL.
However, the way I updated ironclad is probably NOT(!) a good way because I did it all manually (error prone).
Not knowing how quicklisp works exactly I searched for every occurence of ironclad-0.33.0 and replaced it with ironclad-v0.34, which meant replacing

*

*the .../dists/quicklisp/software/ironclad-0.33.0 folder with .../dists/quicklisp/software/ironclad-v0.34

*the irconcladd-0.33.0 tgz in .../dists/quicklisp/archives/ with ironclad-v0.34.tgz

*the entry dists/quicklisp/software/ironclad-0.33.0/ in .../dists/quicklisp/installed/releases/ironclad.txt with dists/quicklisp/software/ironclad-v0.34/.

*I also updated ironclad.txt and ironclad-text.txt in .../dists/quicklisp/installed/systems/
Well, it worked, but I only did it this way because I don't know any better (but am sure there has to be a better way).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Q: WPF: Image Path doesn't work after publishing I have a trayicon in my WPF App. When I was debugging in Visual Studio, it works well:
System.Windows.Forms.NotifyIcon ni = new System.Windows.Forms.NotifyIcon();
ni.Icon = new Icon("../../logo,ico");
But after I published it, the App threw an exception saying it could find the path of the image of the trayicon. I've search a lot resources on online, I saw many solutions use pack, but it seems pack only accept Uri variable and the path for trayicon must be string. I also tried to create a folder called Resource under the project solution and put the image file into it. This was the same: worked while debugging but would not work after publishing..
So based on @WPF Germany's suggestion, I solved the path issue after publishing the App by Clickonce. However, if I copy a App shortcut to system startup folder, it would find the ico in C:\WINDOWS\system32, which is not easy to workaround since systems32 usually requires admin right to access. Any idea for that?

A: Did you check, that your logo.ico file is copied to output path?
In VS you have multiple options to provide your Resource files.
First option:
Select your logo.ico file in solution explorer and choose None as Build Action and Copy always at Copy to Output Directory (at file properties).
After compiling you will find the file in a subdirectory of our OutputPath.
use (if logo.ico is placed in your projects root):
ni.Icon = new Icon("logo.ico");

other option:
Use Resource as Build Action and build your Icon using a Stream created from Resources.logo...


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Kim Young, this week's Educator of the Week, engaged her students in exploring their own and others' stories of migration through the Out of Eden Learn platform. This learning community connects to National Geographic Explorer Paul Salopek's journey to retrace the path of our human ancestors. Kim's 9th grade world history class took part in cross-cultural dialogue with peers from five countries, participating in a combination of experiential learning and skill development that helped them gain empathy for refugees.
Reading news headlines about refugees and migration inspired your choice of the Stories of Human Migration curriculum, which you used as your capstone for the Nat Geo Educator Certification Program. How do you hope your students will interact with and think about news stories?
My hope is that students become independent learners and informed news consumers, understanding not only the latent content of a news article, but also seeing how those facts are being portrayed through recognizing biases and subjectivity. The biggest change I've seen in my students as a result of this project is the way they read news with a greater critical eye and informed perspective. They notice word choices associated with headlines and captions along with angles, framing, and content of images; they notice the types of terms the news outlet used to discuss the story (for example, migrant vs. refugee vs. asylum seeker); and they are able to formulate an opinion on how these choices may have an impact on how the story is understood by readers.
What surprised you about the way students engaged with this project?
I was surprised by the really amazing personal stories students were willing to share on the digital platform. For students who had recent migration stories themselves, or those who were less aware of the migration stories in their family history, the platform provided a safe place to share their journeys. They got positive feedback and validation not only from their classmates, but also from students across the world–global peers as well as local peers.
What advice do you give colleagues who want to engage students in thinking about the world?
My first piece of advice is to practice being globally competent yourself. If you're interested in trying new global skills, dispositions, and frameworks with students, you're going to gain greater comfort with it if you test it out on yourself first. Begin by putting yourself in a new cross-cultural situation, or a situation where you have to step outside your comfort zone. You can do that locally: going to a part of town you're less familiar with without a map (or smartphone), or trying out different types of food.
In the classroom, I would say to start small and just do it. Often as educators, the scale of the changes we want to make is so big that we get stymied. Instead, we should just think of one small way we could make a change, and even if we're not sure it's going to work, just do it and embrace the failure. The Out of Eden Learn curriculum was very overwhelming at some points, but I did it anyway, and I'm going to improve upon it and learn from it next year. It was really empowering to do something totally new and give myself permission to fail.
You recently returned from your expedition to Arctic Svalbard as a Grosvenor Teacher Fellow. What are you most excited to bring back into your classroom?
The biggest way the fellowship has impacted me so far is by reminding me of the importance of discovery, inquiry, and exploration. It has recommitted me to incorporating not just those skills but also those feelings into my classroom, knowing how critical the feeling and spirit of discovery is to learning. I'm thinking about how to incorporate discovery and inquiry in an authentic manner into my classroom, so that my students continue to be explorers and learners. School should be an adventure. I want to capture that spirit in my classroom.
If any educators are interested in curriculum related to teaching about #humanrights using #designthinking please contact me directly and I can digitally share additional resources.


text:
EU Reference Laboratory for alternatives to animal testing (EURL ECVAM)
Alternative methods for toxicity testing
Validated test methods - health effects
Skin Irritation
Skin Irritation: EpiDerm Skin Irritation Test (SIT)
The EpiDerm Skin Irritation Test (SIT) method can be used to predict the skin irritation potential of chemicals/substances.
The method has previously been validated in a series of validation studies and has now received regulatory approval as a full replacement method for equivalent in vivo test methods for skin irritation potential.
The results of the validation study, the peer review of ESAC and our recommendation can be found on TSAR, the Tracking System for Alternative methods towards Regulatory acceptance.
Read more about the EpiDerm Skin Irritation Test (SIT) on TSAR
[collapsed]Skin irritation is a local inflammatory response of normal skin that occurs upon exposure to a chemical or substance that has irritant properties.
Potential irritant chemicals penetrate the barrier that is the outer most layer of cells of the skin (the stratum corneum) and disrupt cell integrity.
Damage may be caused directly through the physicochemical properties of the chemical. In this case, the irritant may be a surfactant that can destabilise lipid bilayers to create pores and disrupt proteins in skin cells.
Alternatively, damage might occur indirectly where the chemical induces release of reactive oxygen species which in turn disrupt membranes and proteins.
In either case the outcome is eventually cell death and an inflammatory response in exposed tissues.[/collapse]
EpiDerm Skin Irritation Test (SIT)
[collapsed]The EpiDerm Skin Irritation Test (SIT) utilises the cellular outcomes of skin irritation (cell death/inflammation) as biomarkers for the potential of chemicals/ substances to cause skin irritation.
Specifically, the test method is based on a one hour topical exposure of a chemical to the reconstructed human epidermis model EpiDerm EPI-200 followed by a test for cell viability via MTT reduction.
A secondary outcome that can also be measured is the release of inflammatory cytokines as represented by the cytokine IL-1α.
Based on the cell viability outcome, a chemical is classed as an irritant if ≤50% are viable after the exposure time in comparison to a negative control (exposure to water). Conversely a chemical is classed as a non-irritant when >50% are viable after exposure.
The method can be used to test a wide range of chemicals, chemical classes and substances. This includes solids, liquids, semi-solids and waxes.
The approach has not been evaluated for testing gases, aerosols or highly volatile compounds. Certain chemicals that are either highly coloured or directly reduce MTT may interfere with cell viability measurements.
In these cases, specific steps can be taken to improve accuracy of the measurements.
A video demonstration of the method is available via the Journal of Visualized Experiments.[/collapse]
Animal testing replacement?
[collapsed]The EpiDerm skin irritation test was granted regulatory approval as a full replacement method for the in vitro Draize rabbit skin irritation test under the EC test method regulation (method B.46) and OECD test guideline No.439.
For full characterisation of irritation/corrosion potential, the method should be used as part of a sequential dermal irritation/corrosion testing strategy.[/collapse]
Validation studies
[collapsed]Validation of the EpiDerm skin irritation test is the result of a series of formal validation studies involving both EURL ECVAM and a number of other organisations.
Initially the EpiDerm method was evaluated alongside the EpiSkin skin irritation test method in the ECVAM Skin Irritation Validation Study (2003-2007).
In the case of EpiDerm both the management team and ESAC concluded that the method could identify irritants but that, due to a series of false negatives, it could not at this stage be used as a standalone method to correctly identify irritants and non-irritants - other approaches (such as in vivo skin irritation tests) would still be needed to verify the outcomes.
ESAC went further and recommended that the method should be optimised to increase sensitivity.
In 2006 and 2007, MatTek Corporation (the manufacturer) did further optimise the method and concluded that a longer incubation time (increased to 1 hour) and some other minor modifications improved the sensitivity.
Following this, a further validation study was carried out by MatTek and another four laboratories. EURL ECVAM Performance Standards were used to evaluate the method.[/collapse]
Validation study outcomes
[collapsed]The initial analysis from the ECVAM Skin Irritation Validation Study indicated that the within- and between-laboratory reproducibility over three experiments was high.
However, while specificity of the method was high (83.3%), sensitivity was much lower (57.3%) indicating that the method was likely sufficient for predicting irritants but not non-irritants.
For this reason, a recommendation was made to optimise the method for subsequent validation studies were considered.
After modifications were made (see above), the method was re-evaluated in a further validation study and in this case the method met all pre-defined performance standards with regards to the predictive capacity of the method.[/collapse]
EURL EVCAM recommendations
[collapsed]As a result of the validation studies, ESAC and EURL ECVAM recommended that the EpiDerm Skin Irritation Test (SIT) method was scientifically validated as a stand-alone method to replace the equivalent in vivo Draize skin irritation test.
Subsequently, EpiDerm Skin Irritation Test (SIT) was included in the relevant EU Test Method Regulation (440/2008/EC) and also as OECD Test Guideline No 439. As well as regulatory documents being available, an SOP and DB-ALM protocol are also available.[/collapse]


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text:
ITALIAN MOSAIC
Tour: LI ROME ROME
On this Italy tour—our most popular holiday—not only will you visit the main Italian cities—Rome, Florence, Venice, and Assisi—you'll also get to enjoy some of the smaller towns and scenic attractions. Visit the must-see sights in the cities, such as the Vatican Museums in Rome, Michelangelo's David in Florence, St. Mark's Square and Basilica in Venice, and much more. One tour highlight is Pompeii, which was completely buried during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD. This preserved town gives you an amazingly detailed look into life at the peak of the Roman Empire. Admire the paintings still on the walls, and look for the early fast-food restaurants beloved by ancient Romans.
You'll have an opportunity to relax in the laid-back town of Sorrento, where you'll stay for two nights. Explore the cobblestone streets lined with shops and restaurants, delight in the amazing views, watch the sunset dip into the sea, and see Mount Vesuvius across the bay. You'll also have time in beautiful Capri, where the celebrities go to "get away from it all."
On this Italy tour, Globus has also arranged some special experiences for you, such as an excursion to Cinque Terre, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and a visit to the Gardens of Augustus in Capri where you'll have incredible views of the Tyrrhenian Sea from the tranquil gardens. At Lake Maggiore, enjoy an exciting boat ride to Isola dei Pescatori, with dinner at a local restaurant; you'll also cross the Swiss border and have a relaxing stop in lakeside Lugano.
From the relaxing towns of Sorrento and Stresa on Lake Maggiore to the faster-paced cities, this tour of Italy offers it all. You're sure to have plenty of stories and photos to share with friends and family back home.
Leisurely On the go
Breakfast:12
Lunch:0
Dinner:5
Touring by private, air-conditioned motorcoach. Free Wi-Fi (where available)
First-Class or Superior First-Class with private bath or shower. Includes hotel taxes, porterage, tips and service charges
See Dates and Prices
*Price per person, based on double occupancy for 29 March 2020 departure
PARKS & CANYONS SPECTACULAR
DENVER LAS VEGAS
15 days,1 Country
Tour: APQ
Marvel at the West's premier natural wonders on this multi-state holiday. Your National Parks tour starts in Denver and ends in Las Vegas with overnights along the way in Rapid City, Sheridan, Cody,...
PACIFIC COAST ADVENTURE
SEATTLE SAN FRANCISCO
9 days,1 Country
Tour: AQ
A sampling of Seattle, the beautiful Oregon coast, and San Francisco make this magnificent journey along the Pacific Coast one you'll remember. Start your Pacific Coast tour in charming Seattle, end...
EXPLORING AMERICA'S GREAT PARKS
Tour: AR
Mother Nature has produced some remarkable scenery, and on this National Parks tour, you'll have the opportunity to experience some of nature's finest. This tour focuses on the West's great national...
GRAND HAWAII VACATION
HONOLULU MAUI
Tour: EK
Whether you're snorkeling in Hawaii's tranquil waters, admiring the spectacular beauty of Kauai, or just relaxing on the warm sands of Waikiki Beach, no one brings out Hawaii's best like Globus. From...


Live in one of the highest appreciating neighborhoods in Boulder. Beautifully renovated farmhouse on a huge corner lot in desirable Newlands with Flatrion views. Gourmet kitchen with granite counters, custom cabinets and SS appliances. Hickory wood floors, Marvin windows and 11' ceilings. Full basement with outside entrance. Storage, walk-in closet and oversized garage with artists studio above. Large back patio, yard and garden. Close to trails, parks, shopping, and a short walk to Pearl St. Mall.


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text:
Greenland Reels In Wake Of Shootings
New Hampshire Public Radio | By Roger Wood
The sign outside Greenland's Town Offices reads, "Our condolences to the Maloney Family." Early this morning The flags were already flying at half staff to honor 48 year old Police Chief Michael Maloney. The 12 year veteran of the police force was killed just a week before he was sent to retire.
Four other officers were wounded in the shooting. The gunman 29 year old Cullen Mutrie and unidentified female also died, under circumstances still under investigation. Speaking at town hall, Attorney General Michael Delaney's main focus was on comforting a shaken town.
"There will be extensive efforts to insure that the community, the police departments and all the citizens that have been affected by this have the peer to peer support, the counseling, and any assistance that they need in coping with this tragedy."
Delaney wouldn't comment on why Chief Maloney accompanied the drug task force or discuss the tactics it used. And while those questions swirl, local officials say it's hard to believe their admired Police Chief is gone..
"Its a crisis for the Town. It's devastating."
Karen Andersen is Greenland's town manager
"Our thoughts are with the family, our staff and our employees. The State has provided a the D-Bart team, which is like a debriefing help for the community, so we'll so we'll know to deal with the community, and help them as well."
Nearby a sail making business had a string of flags at half staff. Owner Jeff Anderson said that
he never would have imagined so much violence would visit his town.
"We have been here 30 years, and couldn't believe that it would happen in this place, of all places. But, it just shows you that there are bad apples everywhere.
Anderson added that seen Maloney and the department he managed as models of small town policing.
"He was such a good guy. We enjoyed working with him. If somebody left their keys in the car, they would come over and help us and we always waved to and at each other when we passed by. So, it really is mindboggling."
The sailmaker said that he expected the town to recover from the tragedy eventually.
How fast may depend in part on what is learned about how things ended up going so wrong. Governor John Lynch and state safety officials visited Greenland today to meet with town leaders at the local elementary school, which was closed for the day. Lynch drove away without speaking to the reporters who'd gathered outside.
NH NewsGreenlandGreenland shootings
Roger Wood
See stories by Roger Wood
Official: 1 officer killed, 4 injured in Greenland shooting
Sam Evans-Brown
GREENLAND, N.H — Attorney General Michael Delaney says 48-year-old Greenland Police Chief Michael Maloney was the officer killed during a drug…
Details Slowly Emerging In Greenland Shootings
Brady Carlson
The shootings in Greenland remain under investigation. Law enforcement say the shooter that killed Chief Michael Maloney and wounded four others was 29…


text:
Q: Its possible to cast an Collections.synchronizedList() from object read from file? I want to read a Collections.synchronizedList(ArrayList<>()) from a file where I saved that list before (It's that even possible?). And I get this error:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: java.util.Collections$SynchronizedRandomAccessList cannot be cast to java.util.ArrayList
    at RMIServerImpl.loadAuctions(RMIServerImpl.java:247)
    at RMIServerImpl.rmiStart(RMIServerImpl.java:293)
    at RMIServerImpl.main(RMIServerImpl.java:323)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain.main(AppMain.java:147)

My code:
private List<User> users;

public RMIServerImpl() throws java.rmi.RemoteException{
    super();
    auctions = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
}
public void saveAuctions(){
    ObjectFile file = new ObjectFile();
    try {
        file.openWrite("auctions");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("Problem opening auctions file(WRITE MODE).");
    }
    try {
        file.writeObject(this.auctions);
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("Problem saving auctions");
    }
    try {
        file.closeWrite();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("Problem close auctions file(WRITE MODE).");
    }
}
public void loadAuctions(){
    ObjectFile file = new ObjectFile();
    try {
        file.openRead("auctions");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("Problem opening auctions file(READ MODE)(No auctions found)");
    }

    try {
        this.auctions= (ArrayList<Auction>) file.readObject();//PROBLEM OCCURS HERE
    } catch (IOException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
        System.out.println("Problem loading auctions");
    }

    try {
        file.closeRead();
    } catch (IOException e) {
        System.out.println("Problem closing auctions file(READ MODE)");
    }
}

A: casting it to (List) instead of (ArrayList) solved it


text:
Q: Error in camera App / Type error: null on 'getContext' I have a b-modal with a camara app.
First I had my <video> and my canvas seperate - but now I want to have them overlapping each other. So first I want to show my video with my button make photo - if I press this my canvas with the taken photo and the other two buttons delete upload should be shown.
But I always get following error (I made a comment in my code where the error is):
[Vue warn]: Error in v-on handler: "TypeError: Cannot read properties of null (reading 'getContext')"
How can I handle this? Thanks!
<template>

Make photo

        <video v-if="hide" class="mb-4" ref="video" id="video" width="100%" height="100%" autoplay />
        <canvas v-if="!hide" class="mb-4" id="responsive-canvas"></canvas>

             Make Photo

             Delete

             upload photo

</template>

A: If you carefully observe the below function,
 takePicture() {
      if(this.hide == true) {
      const picture = document.querySelector("canvas"); //ERROR IN THIS LINE!
      const ctx = picture.getContext("2d");
      ctx.imageSmoothingEnabled = true;
      ctx.imageSmoothingQuality = "high";
      ctx.drawImage(document.querySelector("video"), 0, 0, picture.width, picture.height);
      }
      this.hide = false;
    },

the above gets triggered on clicking the below button
 Make Photo

Note the condition v-if="hide", at this instant you canvas is hidden from the Dom because of the below condition that you have used
<canvas v-if="!hide" class="mb-4" id="responsive-canvas"></canvas>

Thats the reason why when you try to query it, its showing error.
Modify your condition so that its available on DOM and then try to access it


*FiveThirtyEight's Career-Arc Regression Model Estimator with Local Optimization (CARMELO) is a system that forecasts a player's future performance. The similarity score is an index measuring how comparable one player is to another, scaled such that a score of zero is average similarity and 100 is the highest possible degree of similarity. Plus-minus is derived from Box Plus/Minus, a measure of the number of points per 100 possessions that a player contributed to his team, relative to an average NBA player. All player ages are as of Feb. 1, 2018.


all the great officers, and those most in affairs, have been removed and changed no less than four, five and six times over; and yet neither have complaints lessened, nor ... affairs at all mended.
that great familiarity and access, which the ministers of foreign princes and more especially those of France [have] unto His Majesty's privacies and solitudes.
it must be ... the steady endeavours of this House to make things so much more uneasy to the Papists after the King's death than they are whilst he is living, that it shall be the interests of all the Papists, and of the Duke himself, to wish the continuance of the King's life.
so full of inconvenience that we ourselves should not agree to it: for besides that there are many doubting men that will question the very validity of such an Act of Parliament; so if we put by the Duke, whom shall we give the sceptre to?
I have some reason to hope there will be changes both in the persons and the minds of those that compose the next House of Commons, that they may act more according to the sense of the nation than did some of our late representatives ... I now hope the whole nation will find that an honest loyalty is the best policy, and that the way to prevent all fears from the growth of our neighbours is not to pinch and straiten His Majesty's affairs, but to support him with such cheerful supplies as may let the world see he is master of their hearts and purses.
As I never used previous meetings to lead my votes, so I always voted as I thought upon hearing the debate, and therefore cannot give a certain answer to the question undiscussed. ... It is still more difficult to know how another man will give his vote. I shall endeavour to choose such Members as will act and vote as I myself would do. ... No man can differ more in opinion from myself than I differ at the same time from him, and in equal causes the living fairly seems to me a debt so justly due to human nature [that] I must think meanly of anyone [who] should either slacken his kindness or other friendly office merely on account of religion or opinion.
1. This biography is based on Sir Hugh Cholmley, Account of Tangier (1787).
2. Pepys Diary, 6 Aug., 27 Oct. 1662; R. B. Turton, Alum Farm, 187, 191; CJ, ix. 457; Williamson Letters (Cam. Soc. n.s. ix), 149; E. M. G. Routh, Tangier, 348, 354; Sel. Charters (Selden Soc. xxviii), 198.
3. Add. 41254, ff 5, 28v; HMC Var. ii. 169; PC2/72/640; Fenland N. and Q. vi. 215.
4. VCH N. Riding, ii. 496, 503, 517; Cal. Comm. Comp. 2062; CSP Dom. 1658-9, p. 576; Cal. Cl. SP, iv. 560.
5. Adm. 2/1745, f. 2; Pepys Diary, 6 Mar., 21 June, 12 July, 9 Aug. 1667; Routh, 37, 343-54; Turton, 183.
6. Add. 29557, f. 94; Grey, vi. 434; vii. 139-40, 189-90, 191, 244; HMC Ormonde n.s. v. 84; BL, M636/33, John to Sir Ralph Verney, 11 Aug. 1679.
7. CSP Dom. July-Sept. 1683; Grey, viii. 357, 367; HMC Var. ii. 404; Clay, Dugdale's Vis. Yorks. ii. 256.


text:
Q: jQuery Tabs and Button in IE6 I have an issue in IE6 (no surprise) where button elements are hovering in IE6 rather than being positioned correctly in Firefox, Chrome and Opera. This seems only to occur when clicking a non-selected tab.
The CSS and JS are the latest versions of JQuery UI.
Has anyone experienced this issue?
[Edit] My apologies, I forgot to add a screenshot :)

The issue seems to arise when the content is dynamically generated and I select another tab. When the content generates again (cookie keeps the current selected tab on page refresh), the content moves to the correct place.

A: Are the button elements hovering on the jQuery UI tabs demo on the website? (In IE6)
Things that help with solving this are,

*

*What other javascript files you are using?

*What other css you are using?

EDIT: (After accepted)

It is recommended to load CSS files before Javascipt files, but it rarely
  makes a difference.
jquery.js should always be loaded
  FIRST, before anything else that
  depends on jQuery. Similarly, you
  should always load jquery.ui.js before
  any ui widgets, like ui.tabs.js.
  Layout utilizes jquery.ui, but is not
  a ui widget, so it really doesn't
  matter whether it loads before or
  after jquery.ui.

A: Seems to be the order in which the JS is called is the issue!


Diwan-E-Khas chocolate hookah flavor is a favorite of hookah newbies and veterans. It's available everywhere, everyone has tried it. A delicious mix of chocolate flavors, this is something great you can try if you're newbie hookah lover.
Chocolate flavor is the flavor of choice for traditional hookah smokers and is likely the most popular flavor. This is a flavor that takes hookah smokers back with each puff. Most of the hookah smokers endorse and praise their first experience with Diwan-E-Khas chocolate hookah flavor. This light flavor is the epitome of what a classic hookah experience should taste like.
The taste of mix fru..


An assemblage of twelve sheets of paper, Composition (Overlooking Cape Dorset) is an anomaly among the hundreds of thousands of drawings produced in Kinngait. Shuvinai Ashoona began this black and white, bird's-eye depiction of her community in 2003. She connected large sheets of paper (each 50 by 66 centimetres) to expand the composition and include more details than she would otherwise have been able to on a smaller surface. She did this intuitively, pinning pieces while she drew in order to form her vision of Cape Dorset.
Annie Pootoogook, Cape Dorset Freezer, 2005, coloured pencil, black metallic ballpoint pen, and graphite on wove paper, 111.5 x 233.1 cm, National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa.
When assembled on the wall, Composition (Overlooking Cape Dorset) is more than three metres wide. Although a few large-format watercolours were produced at the West Baffin Eskimo Co-op before 2003 (for example, the watercolour Rendered Oil, 2002, by Arnaqu Ashevak [1956–2009]), this work predates the 2006 introduction of large-scale coloured pencil and ink drawings produced and facilitated by Kinngait Studios, such as Cape Dorset Freezer, 2005, by Annie Pootoogook (1969–2016). The larger format vitalized the studio as collectors of contemporary art and museums sought them out.
Composition (Overlooking Cape Dorset) depicts the view from the crest of the hill overlooking the part of town where the artist grew up. Many aspects of this vista are true to life—the houses, power lines, and roads—but this is not strictly an exercise in mapping: she adds details that are imaginary or perhaps memories of how the town used to look. Unlike most Inuit drawings, Composition (Overlooking Cape Dorset) has been exhibited, almost exclusively, in mainstream contemporary art venues. Its size allows it to sit comfortably in a contemporary art exhibition space, and the bird's-eye view and innovative construction make it a unique piece. It was first exhibited in 2008 at the Western Front Gallery in Vancouver as part of Never let the facts get in the way of the truth, a group show featuring the work of Shuvinai Ashoona, Nadia Myre (b. 1974), Allan Packer (b. 1956), and Tania Willard (b. 1977). This exhibition was curated by Candice Hopkins and dealt with issues of mapping and memory.
This landmark work was also included in the 5th Moscow Biennale, 2013, curated by Catherine de Zegher, followed two years later by SITE Santa Fe's Unsettled Landscapes: SITElines: New Perspectives on Art of the Americas, 2014–15. Shuvinai is one of the few artists from Kinngait who has successfully straddled the worlds of contemporary art and Inuit art and gained international recognition for her drawings.


text:
Following its relief from the Aisne line in the Chemin des Dames sector, the main element of the 26th Division marched to Soissons where it came under severe concentrations of long-range artillery fire while boarding trains to Bar-sur-Aube. On March 21 the entire Division began a four-day march from Bar-sur-Aube (Point A) to the East at a pace of about 20 miles per day, passing thorugh Doulevant-le-Chateau, Soulaines, Andelot, Vignon and Joinville-sur-Marne.
26th Div. Troops On Trains Near The Front, 1918
26th Div. Troops On The March, 1918
26th Div. Troops Arriving in Toul Sector, 1918
The Division arrived in the area of Reynel (Point B) where it remained for two days before continuing to the Toul Sector where it relieved the First Division. Troops billeted in villages around Reynel and Grand (Point C) with Division HQ established at Reynel on March 26.
CHANGES IN THE RANKS
Then began a period of internal transition in leadership as numerous officers and non-commissioned officers (NCOs) were taken from the ranks and returned to the United States as instructors. A large number of replacement officers were received who needed to acclimate to combat conditions.
Around this time at the end of March in the 103rd Infantry, Hdq. Co.'s Captain Carl H. Tobey was relieved of command and First Sergeant Sam Avery also found himself reduced to a Private through "no fault" of his own. The specific reason for Captain Tobey's transfer and Sam's reduction has been lost to history, but a careful reading between the lines in Sam's letters at this time implies that Captain Tobey was removed from command for cause. Sam's own demotion could have been collateral damage due to his close association with Tobey, or simply at the prerogative of the new company commander. There are no existing military records that provide any further information on this matter.
As Sam states, it was indeed a "common occurrence" for officers of all ranks in the 26th Division to be abruptly removed from their commands and reassigned either to rear Services of Supply (S.O.S.) areas in France and England or to training bases in the United States. Frequently, the original National Guard officers were replaced with Regular Army officers deliberately inserted into the organizations so they could both acquire the combat experience necessary to advance their professional military careers, and also to provide what was widely assumed to be a superior quality of combat leadership. As the First Sergeant was a company-level grade, whoever served in that capacity did so at the prerogative of the company commander. Although unusual, it is certainly possible that depending on circumstances a new Captain might either bring or appoint a different First Sergeant for the company upon assuming his command. While transfers and reductions of this sort did not necessarily imply punishment for any misconduct or dereliction of duty, they certainly did cause humiliation and bitterness for conscientious soldiers on the short end of these decisions.
According to the Complete United States Infantry Guide (1917);
"A noncommissioned officer may be reduced to the ranks… on the recommendation of the company commander or by the order of the commander having final authority to appoint such noncommissioned officer… The transfer of a noncommissioned officer from one organization to another carries with it reduction to the ranks, unless otherwise specified in the order by authority competent to issue a new warrant…
When a company is serving in a different department from its regimental headquarters and at such a distance therefrom that more than 15 days are required for exchange of correspondence by mail, a noncommissioned officer may be reduced to the ranks… by the order of the battalion commander, if such commander be in the same department as the company." {Page 72}
In Sam Avery's case, the evidence of reorganization in the 103rd's Headquarters Company is marked by changes in the Censor's seals on his outgoing correspondence: Where previously Sam's letters had been reviewed and cleared directly by Capt. Tobey, now they were censored either by a 1st Lieutenant (A.F. Coulter) or 2nd Lieutenant (P.H. Roger) who may possibly have been either new or temporary appointments to the Company (neither of these officers appear on the final Regimental casualty list nor the roster at Camp Devens in 1919).
A later letter from Sam indicates that Capt. Tobey was placed on detached service for a period of almost two months before returning to the Regiment in a different assignment (records indicate he was appointed to an administrative role as the 103rd Personnel Officer on 5/4/18, transferred to AEF General Headquarters on 8/28/18, and finally appointed as Divisional Personnel Adjutant for the 80th Division on 9/9/18). At the time, many company-grade officers deemed "inefficient" (untrained, unfit or unsuited for their responsibilities) were sent to the Casual Officers Depot and Reclassification Center in Blois for evaluation pending reassignment. Apparently Capt. Tobey was found to be somehow lacking as an infantry combat officer, and was reassigned to an administrative role in which he succeeded and later advanced to the rank of Major. Much to Sam's disappointment, Capt. Tobey never resumed command of Hdq. Co: Records indicate that Captain Donald C. Metcalf was promoted and placed in command of Hdq. Co. in mid-August, 1918. Capt. Metcalf remained in command for the duration of the 103rd Infantry's deployment, thereby dashing any further hopes Sam had of being reinstated to the position of 1st Sergeant.
"Thinking About It" by Joseph Chase
Ironically, Sam's loyalty to Captain Tobey had been unquestioned since they served together in the old 8th Mass. Infantry: Sam writes about how he and other Sergeants had even insisted on remaining with Captain Tobey during the time of the 26th Division's original organization at Westfield. Now the chain of command made it painfully clear that there was no room for any personal or regional National Guard loyalties in the new U.S. Army. But once again, Sam kept his head up and soldiered on.
The weather was cold with an ongoing mix of rain and snow…
"Toul Sector: Waiting for Something" by C. LeRoy Baldridge, 1918
Published on November 10, 2008 at 5:25 pm Leave a Comment
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