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text:
Wacha (auch: Ouacha, Watcha) ist eine Landgemeinde im Departement Magaria in Niger.

Geographie

Wacha liegt südöstlich der Regionalhauptstadt Zinder und befindet sich am Übergang der Großlandschaft Sudan zur Sahelzone. Die Gemeinde grenzt im Norden und Westen an das Departement Mirriah, im Osten an die Gemeinde Gouchi und im Süden an die Gemeinde Dungass. Bei den Siedlungen im Gemeindegebiet handelt es sich um 69 Dörfer, 125 Weiler und zwei Lager. Der Hauptort der Landgemeinde ist das Dorf Wacha. Es liegt auf einer Höhe von  und hat den Charakter einer Oase. Durch das Gemeindegebiet verläuft das Trockental Korama.

Geschichte
Wacha wurde 1836 unter Djibril Dodo, den der Sultan von Zinder als Sossébaki-Herrscher eingesetzt hatte, als Herrschaftssitz erbaut. Die Hausa-Dynastie der Sossébaki führte ihre seit mehreren Jahrhunderten bestehende Herrschaft auf einen Prinzen aus Bornu zurück. Zwei weitere Sossébaki-Staaten befanden sich in Mirriah und Takaye. James Richardson berichtete von seiner Afrikareise in den Jahren 1850 und 1851 über "Washa" als felsige Stadt auf der Route von Zinder nach Kano und als Sitz eines "Sultans".

Aus Altersgründen wurde Djibril Dodo 1864 von seinem Sohn Mohamed als Herrscher von Wacha ersetzt. Mohamed zog zwar für Zinder in den Krieg gegen Kano, wurde aber 1878 von Sultan Ténimoun dan Sélimane abgesetzt. Abhängig vom Willen des jeweils regierenden Sultans von Zinder waren in weiterer Folge, einander abwechselnd, Mohameds Söhne Harouna und Yacoubou die Herrscher von Wacha.

Der Ort fiel Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts an Frankreich. Der Markt von Wacha war einer der großen Märkte in der Region, die damals von der französischen Verwaltung zugelassen wurden.

Die Landgemeinde Wacha ging 2002 bei einer landesweiten Verwaltungsreform aus dem Kanton Ouacha hervor.

Bevölkerung
Bei der Volkszählung 2012 hatte die Landgemeinde 93.492 Einwohner, die in 15.046 Haushalten lebten. Bei der Volkszählung 2001 betrug die Einwohnerzahl 48.020 in 9175 Haushalten.

Im Hauptort lebten bei der Volkszählung 2012 5162 Einwohner in 793 Haushalten, bei der Volkszählung 2001 3716 in 708 Haushalten und bei der Volkszählung 1988 1941 in 334 Haushalten.

In ethnischer Hinsicht ist die Gemeinde ein Siedlungsgebiet von Sossébaki und Fulbe. Die Sossébaki betreiben vor allem Ackerbau, während die Fulbe-Untergruppe Daourawa auf Agropastoralismus und die Fulbe-Untergruppen Bornanko'en und Katchinanko'en auf Fernweidewirtschaft spezialisiert sind.

Politik
Der Gemeinderat (conseil municipal) hat 23 gewählte Mitglieder. Mit den Kommunalwahlen 2020 sind die Sitze im Gemeinderat wie folgt verteilt: 12 PNDS-Tarayya, 5 ARD-Adaltchi Mutunchi, 2 RDR-Tchanji, 1 AMEN-AMIN, 1 CPR-Inganci, 1 MPR-Jamhuriya und 1 RPP-Farilla.

Jeweils ein traditioneller Ortsvorsteher (chef traditionnel) steht an der Spitze von 58 Dörfern in der Gemeinde, darunter dem Hauptort.

Wirtschaft und Infrastruktur
Im Dorf Gayi wird ein Viehmarkt abgehalten. Der Markttag ist Donnerstag. Das staatliche Versorgungszentrum für landwirtschaftliche Betriebsmittel und Materialien (CAIMA) unterhält eine Verkaufsstelle im Hauptort.

Gesundheitszentren des Typs Centre de Santé Intégré (CSI) sind im Hauptort sowie in den Siedlungen Bakafa und Marékou vorhanden. Das Gesundheitszentrum im Hauptort verfügt über ein eigenes Labor und eine Entbindungsstation. Der CEG Wacha und der CEG FA Wacha sind allgemein bildende Schulen der Sekundarstufe. Das Kürzel CEG steht dabei für Collège d'Enseignement Général und das auf einen Schwerpunkt auf die arabische zusätzlich zur französischen Sprache hinweisende Kürzel CEG FA für Collège d'Enseignement Général Franco-Arabe.

Im Hauptort werden zwei Niederschlagsmessstationen betrieben, die seit 1981 beziehungsweise 1986 bestehen.

Persönlichkeiten
 Laouali Chaibou (* 1960), Manager und Politiker

Literatur

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Ort in Niger
Zinder (Region)
Ort in Afrika

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
wikispooks.com » Port Arthur Massacre
commons.wikimedia.org » User talk:GRuban/Archive 2
fr.wikipedia.org » Utilisateur:SniperMaské

 Port Arthur massacre (Australia) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 archived 10 Jan 2015 19:23:27 UTC
{{cite web | title = Port Arthur massacre (Australia) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | url = https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_Arthur_massacre_(Australia) | date = 2015-01-10 | archiveurl = http://archive.today/LtLy5 | archivedate = 2015-01-10 }}
Port Arthur massacre (Australia)
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2010)
Port Arthur Massacre
Location of Port Arthur, where the majority of the shootings occurred
Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia
43°8′12″S 147°51′10″E / 43.13667°S 147.85278°E / -43.13667; 147.85278Coordinates: 43°8′12″S 147°51′10″E / 43.13667°S 147.85278°E / -43.13667; 147.85278
28–29 April 1996
11:45 a.m.–c. 8:00 a.m. (UTC+10)
Port Arthur Historic Site
Attack type
Mass murder, carjacking, arson
Colt AR-15 SP1 Carbine (.223)
L1A1 SLR battle rifle (.308)
Non-fatal injuries
24 (including the perpetrator)
Perpetrator
Martin Bryant
The Port Arthur massacre, of 28–29 April 1996, was a killing spree in which 35 people were killed and 23 wounded, mainly at the historic Port Arthur prison colony,[1] a popular tourist site in south-eastern Tasmania, Australia.[2] Martin Bryant, a 28-year-old from New Town, a suburb of Hobart, eventually was given 35 life sentences without possibility of parole.[3] He has significant intellectual disabilities and is now imprisoned in the Wilfred Lopes Centre near Risdon Prison Complex.[4]
The Port Arthur massacre remains one of the deadliest shootings worldwide committed by a single person and remains the deadliest in the English-speaking world.[5]
2 28 April 1996
2.1 Morning events
2.2 Port Arthur Historic Site
2.3 Broad Arrow Café murders
2.4 Gift shop murders
2.5 Car park murders
2.6 Toll booth murders and carjacking
2.7 Service station murder and abduction
2.8 Seascape roadway
2.9 Police arrival
2.10 Capture
3 Fatalities
4 Prosecution
5 Community and government reaction
7 Aftermath and analysis
7.1 Community response
7.2 Conspiracy theories
See also: Martin Bryant
Martin Bryant inherited about $570,000 AUD (£300,000 GBP or $450,000 USD) worth of property and other assets from a friend, Helen Harvey, who left her estate to him.[6] He used part of this money to go on many trips around the world from 1993 onwards.[7] Bryant also withdrew many thousands of dollars during this period. He used at least some of this money in late 1993 to purchase an AR-10 semi-automatic rifle through a newspaper advertisement in Tasmania. In March 1996, he had his AR-10 repaired at a gun shop and made enquiries about AR-15 rifles in other gun shops. In April 1995, he also purchased cleaning kits for a .30 calibre weapon and a 12 gauge Daewoo shotgun. He purchased a sports bag and told a shop attendant that it would need to be strong enough to carry large amounts of ammunition. He told his girlfriend, Petra Wilmot, a different story about the purpose of the bag. He also hid the weapons and a large amount of ammunition at his house. At the time of purchase, no firearms licence, nor registration of all purchased firearms, were required in Tasmania.
Bryant's father had tried to purchase a bed and breakfast property called Seascape, but David and Noelene (also known as Sally) Martin bought this property before his father could ready his finances, much to the disappointment of the father who often complained to his son of the "double dealing" the Martins had done to secure the purchase. Bryant offered to buy another property for the Martins at Palmers Lookout Road, but they declined the offer. Bryant apparently believed the Martins had deliberately bought the property to hurt his family and believed this event to be responsible for the depression that led to his father's suicide, which in turn led to their own murders. Bryant described them as "very mean people" and as "the worse people in my life" [sic].[8]
28 April 1996[edit]
The events of this day were pieced together after investigation by police. The facts were then presented in court on 19 November 1996.[9]
Morning events[edit]
Bryant was awakened at 6:00 a.m by his alarm clock. His girlfriend and other family members said he had never been known to use it since he did not work and had no other commitments. At 8:00 a.m., his girlfriend left the house to visit her parents. Bryant left the house and engaged the burglar alarm, which registered the time as 9:47 a.m.
Bryant travelled to Forcett Village, arriving some time around 11:00 a.m. He continued down to Port Arthur and was seen driving into Seascape down the Arthur Highway around 11:45 a.m. He stopped at the Seascape guest accommodation site that his father had wanted to purchase, owned by David and Noelene Martin. Bryant went inside and fired several shots, then gagged David Martin and stabbed him. Witnesses testified to different numbers of shots fired at this time. It was stated in court that it was believed that this was the time that Bryant killed the Martins, his first two victims.
A couple stopped at Seascape. Bryant appeared outside. When they asked if they could have a look at the accommodation, Bryant told them that they could not because his parents were away and his girlfriend was inside. His demeanour was described as quite rude and the couple felt uncomfortable. They left at about 12:35 p.m. Bryant's car was seen reversed up to the front door. It is assumed he unloaded ammunition.[9]
Bryant drove to Port Arthur, taking the keys to the Seascape properties after locking the doors. Bryant stopped at a car which had pulled over from overheating and talked with two people there. He suggested that they come to the Port Arthur café for some coffee later.[citation needed]
He travelled past the Port Arthur historic site toward a Palmer's Lookout Road property owned by the Martins, where he came across Roger Larner driving out of his driveway. Larner had met him on some occasions more than 15 years before, but did not initially recognise him. Bryant told Larner he had been surfing and had bought a property called Fogg Lodge and was now looking to buy some cattle from Larner. Bryant also made several comments about buying the Martins' place next door. He asked if Marian Larner was home, and asked if he could continue down the driveway of the farm to see her. Larner said OK, but told Bryant he would come also. Bryant changed his mind and left, claiming he was going to return in the afternoon.[citation needed]
Port Arthur Historic Site[edit]
Port Arthur Bay, Port Arthur, was the location of most of the shootings
At around 1:10 p.m., Bryant got in line at the toll booth at the entrance to the historic site. Upon getting close to the toll booth, he left the line and moved to the back again. Eventually getting to the front of the line, he claimed someone had almost reversed into him. He paid the entry fee and proceeded to park near the Broad Arrow Café, near the water's edge. The site security manager told him to park with the other cars because that area was reserved for camper-vans and the car park was very busy that day. Bryant moved his car to another area and sat in his car for a few minutes. He then moved his car back near the water, outside the café. The security manager saw him go up to the café carrying a large bag and a video camera, but ignored him.
Bryant went into the café and purchased a meal, which he ate on the deck outside. He started conversations with several people about European wasps in the area and the lack of Japanese tourists, but seemed to be mainly mumbling to himself. He appeared nervous and continually looked back to the car-park and into the café.
Broad Arrow Café murders[edit]
Bryant finished his meal, walked into the café and returned his tray, assisted by some people who opened the door for him. He put down his bag on a table and pulled out a Colt AR-15 SP1 Carbine with a Colt scope and one 30-round magazine attached. He left the bag which contained, among other things, the knife with which he had stabbed Martin, on the table. It is believed the magazine was partially emptied from the shootings at Seascape.
The café was very small, with the tables very close together. It was particularly busy that day as people waited for the next ferry. The events happened extremely quickly. Bryant took aim from his hip and pointed his rifle at Moh Yee (William) Ng and Sou Leng Chung, who were visiting from Malaysia,[10] who were at a table beside Bryant. He shot them at close range, killing both instantly. Bryant then fired a shot at Mick Sargent, grazing his scalp and knocking him to the floor.[10] He fired a fourth shot, a fatal one that hit Sargent's girlfriend, 21-year-old Kate Elizabeth Scott, in the back of the head.[10]
A 28-year-old New Zealand winemaker, Jason Winter, had been helping the busy café staff.[10] As Bryant turned towards Winter's wife Joanne and their 15-month-old son Mitchell, Winter threw a serving tray at Bryant in an attempt to distract him. Joanne Winter's father pushed his daughter and grandson to the floor and under the table.[11]
Anthony Nightingale stood up after the sound of the first shots, but had no time to move. Nightingale yelled "No, not here!" as Bryant pointed the weapon at him.[10] As Nightingale leaned forward, he was fatally shot through the neck and spine.[10]
The next table had held a group of ten friends,[10] but some had just left the table to return their meal trays and visit the gift shop. Bryant fired one shot that hit Kevin Vincent Sharp, 68, killing him.[10] The second hit Walter Bennett, passed through his body and struck Raymond John Sharp, 67, Kevin Sharp's brother, killing both.[10] The three had their backs towards Bryant, and were unaware what was happening. One of them even made the comment "That's not funny" after hearing the first few shots, not realising they were real. The shots were all close range, with the gun at, or just inches away from, the back of their heads. Gerald Broome, Gaye Fidler and her husband John, were all struck by bullet fragments, but survived.[10]
Bryant then turned towards Tony and Sarah Kistan and Andrew Mills.[10] Both men stood up at the noise of the initial shots, but had no time to move away. Andrew Mills was shot in the head. Tony Kistan was also shot from about two metres away, also in the head, but had managed to push his wife away prior to being shot. Sarah Kistan was apparently not seen by Bryant, as she was under the table by that time.
Thelma Walker and Pamelia Law were injured by shrapnel before being dragged to the ground by their friend, Peter Crosswell, as the three sheltered underneath the table.[10] Also injured by fragments from these shots was Patricia Barker.[10]
It was only then that the majority of the people in the café began to realise what was happening and that the shots were not from a reenactment at the historical site. At this point, there was great confusion, with many people not knowing what to do, as Bryant was near the main exit.
Bryant moved just a few metres and began shooting at the table where Graham Colyer, Carolyn Loughton and her daughter Sarah were seated. Colyer was injured in the jaw, nearly choking to death on his own blood.[10] Sarah Loughton ran towards her mother, who had been moving between tables. Carolyn Loughton threw herself on top of her daughter.[10] Bryant shot Carolyn Loughton in the back; her eardrum was ruptured by the sonic boom from the gun going off beside her ear.[10] She survived her injuries, but learned after she came out of surgery that, despite her efforts, Sarah had been fatally shot in the head.[10]
Bryant pivoted around and shot Mervyn Howard, a football administrator, who was still seated.[10] The bullet passed through him, through a window of the café, and hit a table on the outside balcony.[10] Bryant quickly followed up with a shot to the neck of Mervyn Howard's wife, Mary.[10] Bryant then leaned over a vacant baby stroller and pointed the gun at her head and shot her a second time.[10] Both of the Howards' injuries were fatal.[10] Several people outside then realised there was real danger and began to run away.
Bryant was near the exit, preventing others from attempting to run past him and escape. Bryant moved across the cafe towards the gift shop area. There was an exit door through the display area to the outside balcony, but it was locked and could only be opened with a key. As Bryant moved along, Robert Elliott stood up, perhaps hoping to distract him.[11] He was shot in the arm and head, left slumping against the fireplace but alive.[11]
All of these events, from the first bullet that killed Ng, took approximately 15 seconds, during which 12 people were killed and 10 more were wounded.[10]
Gift shop murders[edit]
Bryant moved toward the gift shop area, giving many people time to hide under tables and behind shop displays. He fatally shot the two local women who worked in the gift shop, 17-year-old Nicole Burgess in the head, and 26-year-old Elizabeth Howard in the arm and chest.[11]
Coralee Lever and Vera Jary hid behind a hessian screen with others.[11] Lever's husband Dennis was shot in the head and died.[11] Pauline Masters, Vera Jary's husband Ron, and Peter and Carolyn Nash had attempted to escape through a locked door but could not.[11] Peter Nash lay down on top of his wife to hide her from Bryant.[11] Bryant moved into the gift shop area where people, trapped with nowhere to go, were crouched down in the corners.[11] Gwen Neander, trying to escape through the door, was shot in the head and killed.[11]
Bryant saw movement in the café and moved near the front door. He shot at a table and hit Peter Crosswell, who was hiding under it, in the buttock.[11] Jason Winter, hiding in the gift shop, thought Bryant had left the building and made some comment about it to people near him before moving out into the open. Bryant saw him, with Winter stating "No, no" just prior to being shot, the bullet hitting his hand, neck and chest.[11] A second shot to the head proved fatal to Winter.[11] Fragments from those shots struck American tourist Dennis Olson, who had been hiding with his wife Mary and Winter.[11] Dennis Olson suffered shrapnel injuries to his hand, scalp, eye and chest, but survived.[11]
It is not clear what happened next, although at some point, Bryant reloaded his weapon. Bryant walked back to the café and then returned to the gift shop, this time looking down to another corner of the shop where he found several people hiding in the corner, trapped. He walked up to them and shot Ronald Jary through the neck, then Peter Nash and Pauline Masters, killing all three.[11] He did not see Carolyn Nash, who was lying under her husband.[11] Bryant aimed his gun at an unidentified Asian man,[12] but the rifle's magazine was empty.[11] Bryant then quickly moved to the gift shop counter, where he reloaded his rifle, leaving an empty magazine on the service counter, and left the building.[11]
Twenty-nine rounds had been fired in the café and gift shop areas in approximately 90–120 seconds[citation needed]. Up to this time, Bryant had killed 20 people and injured 12.
Car park murders[edit]
During the café shooting, some staff members had been able to escape through the kitchen and alert people outside. There were a number of coaches outside with lines of people, many of whom began to hide in the buses or in nearby buildings. Others did not understand the situation or were not sure where to go. Some people believed there was some sort of historical reenactment happening, and moved towards the area.
Ashley John Law, a site employee, was moving people away from the café into the information centre when Bryant fired at him from 50–100 metres (50–110 yards) away. The bullets missed Law and hit some trees nearby.
Bryant then moved towards the coaches. One of the coach drivers, Royce Thompson, was shot in the back as he was moving along the passengers' side of a coach.[11] He fell to the ground and was able to crawl, then roll under the bus to safety, but he later died of his wounds.[11] Brigid Cook was trying to guide a number of people down between the buses and along the jetty area to cover. She had only been informed of what was happening and was worried that she was making a fool of herself in overreacting[citation needed]. Bryant then moved to the front of this bus and walked across to the next coach. People had quickly moved from this coach towards the back end, in an attempt to seek cover. As Bryant walked around it, he saw people scrambling to hide and shot at them. Brigid Cook was shot in the right thigh, causing the bone to fragment, the bullet lodging there.[11] A coach driver, Ian McElwee, was hit by fragments of Miss Cook's bone. Both were able to escape and survived.
Bryant then quickly moved around another coach and fired at another group of people. Winifred Aplin, running to get to cover behind another coach, was fatally shot in the side.[11] Another bullet grazed Yvonne Lockley's cheek, but she was able to enter one of the coaches to hide, and survived.[11]
Some people then started moving away from the car park towards the jetty. But someone shouted that Bryant was heading that way, so they tried to double back around the coaches to where Brigid Cook had been shot. Bryant doubled back to where Janet and Neville Quin, who owned a wildlife park on the east coast of Tasmania, were beginning to move toward Mason Cove and away from the buses.[11] Bryant shot Janet Quin in the back, where she fell, unable to move, near Royce Thompson.[11]
Bryant then continued along the car park as people tried to escape along the shore. Doug Hutchinson was attempting to get into a coach when he was shot in the arm.[11] He quickly ran around the front of the coach, and then along the shore to the jetty and hid.
Bryant then went to his vehicle, which was just past the coaches, and changed weapons to the FN FAL.[11] He fired at Denise Cromer, who was near the penitentiary ruins. Gravel flew up in front of her, as the bullets hit the ground. Bryant then got in his car and sat there for a few moments before getting out again and going back to the coaches. Some people were taking cover behind cars in the car park, but because of the elevation, Bryant could see them and the cars did not provide much cover. When they realised Bryant had seen them, they ran into the bush. He fired several shots. At least one hit a tree behind which someone was taking cover, but no one was hit.
Bryant moved back to the buses where Janet Quin lay injured from the earlier shot. Bryant shot her in the back, then left; she later died from her wounds.[11] Bryant then went onto one of the coaches and fired a shot at Elva Gaylard who was hiding, hitting her in the arm and chest and killing her.[11] At an adjacent coach, Gordon Francis saw what happened and moved down the aisle to try to shut the door of the coach he was on.[11] He was seen by Bryant and shot from the opposite coach. He survived, but needed four major operations.[11]
Neville Quin, husband of Janet, had escaped to the jetty area, but returned to look for his wife. He had been forced to leave her earlier after Bryant shot her. Bryant exited the coach and, spotting Quin, chased him around the coaches. Bryant fired at him at least twice before Quin ran onto a coach. Bryant entered the coach and pointed the gun at Neville Quin's face, saying, "No one gets away from me".[11] Mr Quin ducked when he realised Bryant was about to pull the trigger. The bullet missed his head but hit his neck, momentarily paralysing him.[11] After Bryant left, Quin managed to find his wife, although she later died in his arms.[11] Neville Quin was eventually taken away by helicopter and survived.
As Bryant left the coach, James Balasko, an American citizen, filmed Bryant with his video camera. Bryant saw him and fired at him, hitting a nearby car. By now, many people, unable to use their parked cars, were hiding or running along Jetty Road or the jetty itself. Most people did not know where Bryant was because the gunfire was extremely loud and difficult to pinpoint. It was not clear that Bryant was mobile, nor was it even clear from which direction the shots were coming.
During this time, Bryant had killed 24 people and injured 18.
Toll booth murders and carjacking[edit]
Bryant then got back into his car and left the car park. Witnesses say he was sounding the horn and waving, others say he was also firing. Bryant drove along Jetty Road towards the toll booth where a number of people were running away. Bryant passed by at least two people.
Ahead of him were Nanette Mikac and her children, Madeline, 3, and Alannah, 6.[13] Nanette was carrying Madeline, and Alannah was running slightly ahead. By this point, they had run approximately 600 metres (660 yd) from the car park.[13] Bryant opened his door and slowed down. Mikac moved towards the car, apparently thinking he was offering them help in escaping. Several more people witnessed this from further down the road. Someone then recognised him as the gunman and yelled out "It's him!"[13] Bryant stepped out of the car, put his hand on Nanette Mikac's shoulder and told her to get on her knees.[13] She did so, saying, "Please don't hurt my babies".[13] Bryant shot her in the temple, killing her, before firing a shot at Madeline, which hit her in the shoulder, before shooting her fatally through the chest.[13] Bryant shot twice at Alannah, as she ran behind the tree, missing.[13] He then walked up, pressed the barrel of the gun into her neck and fired, killing her instantly.[13]
Bryant fired at some people hiding in a bush, but missed. Having seen the murders of the children, some people further up the road began running. They told drivers of cars coming down the road to go back. The people thought Bryant would head up the road, so instead they proceeded on foot down a dirt side road and hid in the bush. The cars reversed up the road to the toll booth.
Bryant drove up to the toll booth, where there were several vehicles, and blocked a BMW owned by Mary Rose Nixon.[13] Inside were driver Russell James Pollard and passengers Helene and Robert Graham Salzmann.[13] An argument with Robert Salzmann ensued, and Bryant took out the FAL and shot Salzmann at point-blank range, killing him.[13] Pollard emerged from the BMW and went towards Bryant, who shot him in the chest, killing him.[13] More cars then arrived, but seeing this, the drivers were quickly able to reverse back up the road. Bryant then moved to the BMW and pulled Nixon and Helene Salzmann from the car and shot them dead, dragging their bodies onto the road.[13] Bryant transferred ammunition, handcuffs, the AR-15 rifle and a fuel container to the BMW. Mary Nixon, Russell Pollard, Helene Salzmann and Graham Salzmann, are the people Bryant was charged with killing at the toll booth.[14]
Another car then came towards the toll booth and Bryant shot at it.[13] The driver, Graham Sutherland, was hit with glass. A second bullet hit the driver's door. The car quickly reversed back up the road and left. Bryant then got into the BMW, leaving behind his Volvo, including his Daewoo shotgun and hundreds of rounds of ammunition.
Bryant had killed 31 and injured 19.
Service station murder and abduction[edit]
Graham Sutherland, who had just been shot at in his car, reversed back up the road and drove to the service station close by, where he tried to inform people what was happening. Bryant drove up to the service station and cut off a white Toyota Corolla that was attempting to exit onto the highway. Glenn Pears was driving, with girlfriend Zoe Hall in the passenger seat.[13] Bryant quickly exited the car with his rifle in hand and tried to pull Hall from the car. Pears got out of the car and approached Bryant. Bryant pointed the gun at Pears and pushed him backwards, eventually directing him into the now open boot of the BMW, locking Pears inside.[13]
Bryant then moved back to the passenger side of the Corolla as Hall attempted to climb over to the driver's seat.[13] Bryant raised his rifle and fired three shots, killing her.[13] Many people around the service station saw this and ran to hide in nearby bushland. The service station attendant told everyone to lie down and he locked the main doors. He grabbed his rifle, but by the time he could retrieve some ammunition and load his gun, Bryant was back in the BMW and gone. A police officer arrived several minutes later and then set out in pursuit of Bryant.
Zoe Hall was the 32nd victim killed.
Seascape roadway[edit]
As Bryant drove down to Seascape, he shot at a red Ford Falcon coming the other way, smashing its front windscreen.[13] Upon arriving at Seascape, he got out of his car. A Holden Frontera 4WD vehicle then approached Seascape along the road. Those in the vehicle saw Bryant with his gun, but believed him to be rabbit hunting and actually slowed down as they passed him. Bryant fired into the car; the first bullet hit the bonnet and broke the throttle cable.[13] He fired at least twice more into the car as it passed, breaking the windows. One bullet hit the driver, Linda White, in the arm.[13] The car was going downhill so it was able to roll down the road out of sight around a corner. White swapped seats with her boyfriend, Michael Wanders, who attempted to drive the car, but was unable to, because of the broken throttle cable.[13]
Another vehicle then drove down the road, carrying four people. It was not until they were almost adjacent to Bryant that they realised he was carrying a gun. Bryant shot at the car, smashing the windscreen. Douglas Horner was wounded by pieces of the windscreen.[13] The car proceeded ahead where White and Wanders tried to get in, but Horner did not realise the situation and drove on. When they saw that White had been shot, they came back and picked them up. Both parties then continued down to a local establishment called the Fox and Hound, where they called police.[13]
Yet another car drove past and Bryant shot at it, hitting the passenger, Susan Williams, in the hand.[13] The driver, Simon Williams, was struck by shrapnel.[13] The driver of another approaching vehicle saw this and reversed back up the road. Bryant also fired at this car, hitting it but not injuring anyone. Bryant then got back into the BMW and drove down the Seascape driveway to the house.
Sometime after he stopped, Bryant removed Pears from the boot and handcuffed him to a stair rail within the house.[13] At some point, he also set the BMW on fire with fuel.[13] He is believed to have arrived at the house by about 2:00 p.m.
Up to this time, Bryant had killed 35 and injured 23.
Police arrival[edit]
This section does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2010)
The only two police officers stationed on the peninsula (at Nubeena and Dunalley) were attending a fake emergency call at Saltwater River when they received a radio message at 1:32 p.m. to attend Port Arthur and be on the look out for a yellow Volvo. They headed to Port Arthur in different cars and taking different routes. On the way, they were informed to look for a BMW and eventually they were informed of people at the Fox and Hound who had been shot.
One police officer then drove down the road past Seascape and past the disabled car of Mrs. White. He looked at it for a moment and continued down to the Fox and Hound. After he informed his partner, they proceeded back to Seascape. At about 2:00 p.m., they were back at Seascape and could see the BMW on fire. At some point, they were fired upon, and eventually had to hide in a ditch at the side of the road. Bryant fired at them whenever they tried to escape, and they were not able to move from that position for many hours.
At around 2:10 p.m., Bryant received a call from a woman from the ABC who had been ringing local businesses randomly trying to receive information about what was occurring. Bryant informed her his name was Jamie, and when she asked what was happening he replied "Lots of fun". Bryant then told her that if she phoned him again, he would shoot Glenn Pears.
At about 3:00 p.m., shortly after forcing the police officers to take cover in the ditch, Bryant rang the local police station. The girlfriend of one of the police officers answered the phone. Bryant asked who she was and if she knew where her husband was. He again called himself Jamie. He asked if she knew whether or not her husband was okay, and when she did not answer, Bryant then told her he was okay and that he knew where her husband was.
Around 9:00 p.m. a team from the Special Operations Group of the Tasmania Police had arrived and were eventually able to assist in extracting the policemen from the ditch to safety under cover of darkness, riot shields and bulletproof jackets. They did not provide cover fire for fear of hitting hostages.
An 18-hour standoff ensued during which time the police talked over the phone to Bryant, still calling himself Jamie. He requested a helicopter, saying that he wanted to be flown to a plane and then onto Adelaide, South Australia. He said that if the helicopter arrived, he would release Pears and only keep Noelene Martin. Bryant could see the movements of SOG officers, and continually demanded their retreat each time they began to approach the house. As he appeared to have excellent awareness of the events unfurling around him, despite the pitch black of night, the police believed he had some kind of visual aid device; none was ever found, however. A man was spotted on the roof of an adjacent building at one point, believed to be Bryant. Later in the night, the cordless phone Bryant was using began to run low on batteries. Police tried unsuccessfully to get him to return the phone to the charger, but it went dead and there were no further communications.
Capture[edit]
Bryant was captured the following morning, when a fire started in the guest house, presumably set by Bryant. Bryant taunted police to "come and get him", but the police, believing the hostage was already dead, decided that the fire would eventually bring Bryant out. A large amount of ammunition had also ignited[citation needed] and was exploding sporadically as the house burned. Bryant eventually ran out of the house with his clothes on fire and tore off his burning clothes. He was arrested by the police, and taken to hospital for treatment.
It was found that Glenn Pears had been shot dead during or before the standoff and had died before the fire. The remains of the Martins were also found. It was also determined they had been shot, and in the case of Noelene Martin, she suffered blunt-force trauma. They both died before the fire; witness accounts of the gunfire, as presented to the Supreme Court of Tasmania, place the time of death of David and Noelene Martin as being approximately noon on 28 April. One weapon was found burnt in the house, and the other on the roof of the adjacent building where police believed they had seen Bryant the night before. Both weapons had suffered from massive chamber blast pressure, possibly from the heat of the house fire.
Fatalities[edit]
The following is a list of those killed in the Port Arthur massacre.[14]
Winifred Joyce Aplin, 58
Walter John Bennett, 66
Nicole Louise Burgess, 17
Sou Leng Chung, 32
Elva Rhonda Gaylard, 48
Zoe Anne Hall, 28
Elizabeth Jayne Howard, 26
Mary Elizabeth Howard, 57
Mervyn John Howard, 55
Ronald Noel Jary, 71
Tony Vadivelu Kistan, 51
Leslie Dennis Lever, 53
Sarah Kate Loughton, 15
David Martin, 72
Noelene Joyce Martin, 69
Pauline Virjeana Masters, 49
Alannah Louise Mikac, 6
Madeline Grace Mikac, 3
Nanette Patricia Mikac, 36
Andrew Bruce Mills, 49
Peter Brenton Nash, 32
Gwenda Joan Neander, 67
Moh Yee Willing Ng, 48
Anthony Nightingale, 44
Mary Rose Nixon, 60
Glen Roy Pears, 35
Russell James Pollard, 72
Janette Kathleen Quin, 50
Helene Maria Salzmann, 50
Robert Graham Salzmann, 57
Kate Elizabeth Scott, 21
Kevin Vincent Sharp, 68
Raymond John Sharp, 67
Royce William Thompson, 59
Jason Bernard Winter, 29
Prosecution[edit]
See also: Martin Bryant § Imprisonment
In his police interview, Bryant admitted to having carjacked the BMW, but claimed it only had three occupants and denied shooting any person. He also claimed he did not take the BMW from the vicinity of the toll booth and that his hostage was taken from the BMW. He said that he thought the man he took hostage must have died in the boot when the car exploded. He did not distinguish between the car fire and the later house fire. He also denied visiting Port Arthur on that day, despite vague identification by several people,[citation needed] including the toll attendant, of a man matching a similar description being at the diner. Such discrepancies indicate that Bryant was either lying during the police interview or was mentally incapable of recalling events accurately.[citation needed] Bryant also claimed that the guns found by police were not his, but admitted to owning the shotgun that was found with his passport back in his own car near the toll booth.
Initially Bryant pleaded not guilty to the 35 murders and did not provide a confession. Shortly afterwards, according to Tasmanian reporter Mike Bingham, Martin Bryant's mother Carleen, unable to face the stress of a public trial, paid a visit to Bryant at Risdon Prison and told him that if he did not plead guilty, she and his younger sister Lindy would commit suicide and he would never see them again. With this, and despite having no fingerprints nor hard evidence, Martin Bryant changed his plea to guilty for a court hearing on 19 November 1996, where he was found guilty of all charges. The judge then ordered that all evidence for the case be sealed.
On 22 November, Bryant was sentenced to 35 sentences of life imprisonment plus 1,035 years (as a cumulative penalty for various charges including murder, attempted murder and grievous bodily harm for shooting at, and injuring, numerous people) in Hobart's Risdon Prison where he remains in solitary confinement and, apart from immediate family, is not permitted to have any visitors.[15] His prison papers indicate that he is never to be released. He continues to serve his term without possibility of parole. This is very rare in Australia, where the majority of murder sentences allow for the possibility of parole after a long prison term.
Community and government reaction[edit]
See also: Gun politics in Australia
Australians reacted to the event with widespread shock and horror, and the political effects were significant and long-lasting. The Federal Government led state governments, some of which (notably Tasmania itself and Queensland) were opposed to new gun laws, to severely restrict the availability of firearms. While surveys showed up to 85% of Australians 'supported gun control', many people strongly opposed the new laws. Concern was raised within the Coalition Government that fringe groups such as the 'Ausi Freedom Scouts',[16] the Australian League of Rights and the Citizen Initiated Referendum Party, were exploiting voter anger to gain support. After discovering that the Christian Coalition and US National Rifle Association were supporting the gun lobby, the government and media cited their support, along with the moral outrage of the community to discredit the gun lobby as extremists.[17]
Under federal government co-ordination, all states and territories of Australia banned and heavily restricted the legal ownership and use of self-loading rifles, self-loading and pump-action shotguns, and heavily tightened controls on their legal use. The government initiated a "buy-back" scheme with the owners paid according to a table of valuations. Some 643,000 firearms were handed in at a cost of $350 million which was funded by a temporary increase in the Medicare levy which raised $500 million.[18] Media, activists, politicians and some family members of victims, notably Walter Mikac (who lost his wife and two children), spoke out in favour of the changes.
Much discussion has occurred as to the level of Bryant's mental health. It is generally accepted that he has a subnormal IQ (estimated at 66, and in the lowest 2% of his age group[19]) and at the time of the offences was in receipt of a Disability Support Pension on the basis of being mentally handicapped. Reports that he was schizophrenic were based on his mother's misinterpretation of psychiatric advice; Bryant had never been diagnosed with schizophrenia, nor any major depressive disorder.[citation needed] Media reports also detailed his odd behaviour as a child. However, he was able to drive a car and obtain a gun, despite lacking a gun licence or a driver's license.[20][21][22] This was a matter which, in the public debate that followed, was widely regarded as a telling demonstration of the inadequacy of the nation's gun laws.
Bryant was assessed as fit to stand trial as a mentally competent adult.[citation needed] There were no indications that he could be regarded as criminally insane at the time of the offences; as he clearly knew what he was doing. See the M'Naghten rules for more information.
After Bryant's imprisonment, several other prisoners boasted of their intention to murder him in jail. For his own safety, Bryant was held in near-solitary confinement in a specially built cell from his sentencing in November 1996 until July 1997.
Motivation[edit]
His motivation for the massacre remains a closely guarded secret,[21][22] known only to his lawyer, who is bound not to reveal confidences without his client's consent. The lawyer later released a book outlining that Bryant was motivated largely by the media surrounding the then recent Dunblane school massacre. From the moment he was captured, he continually wanted to know how many people he had killed and seemed impressed by the number. Bryant is only allowed to listen to music on a radio outside his cell, and is denied access to any news reports of his massacre. Photographers allowed in to take pictures of him in his prison cell were forced to destroy the film in his presence when the Governor found out.[23]
Aftermath and analysis[edit]
The Port Arthur tourist site reopened a few weeks later, and since then a new restaurant has been built. The former Broad Arrow Café has been converted into a "place for quiet reflection", and the surrounding grounds made into a memorial garden. The staff of Port Arthur do not like to talk about the event and prefer to concentrate on the site's rich cultural history.[24]
The massacre at Port Arthur created a kinship with the Scottish town of Dunblane, which had suffered a similar event, the Dunblane school massacre, only weeks previously. The two communities exchanged items to place at their respective memorials.
Professor Paul Mullen, a forensic psychiatrist with extensive involvement following the string of massacres in Australia and New Zealand, attributes both the Port Arthur Massacre and some of the earlier massacres to the copycat effect.[25] In this theory the saturation media coverage provides both instruction and perverse incentives for dysfunctional individuals to imitate previous crimes. In Tasmania, a coroner found that a report on the current affairs programme A Current Affair, a few months earlier had guided one suicide, and may have helped create the expectation of a massacre.[26][27][28] The coverage of the Dunblane massacre, in particular the attention on the perpetrator, is thought to have provided the trigger for Bryant to act.[29]
Community response[edit]
A substantial community fund was given for the victims of the Port Arthur massacre. The murder of Nanette Mikac and her daughters Alannah and Madeline inspired Dr Phil West of Melbourne, who had two girls similar in age to the murdered children, to set up a foundation in their memory. The Alannah and Madeline Foundation supports child victims of violence and runs a national anti-bullying program.[30] It was launched by the Prime Minister on the first anniversary of the massacre.
In 2007, Tasmanian playwright Tom Holloway dealt with the massacre in his play Beyond the Neck.[31] Tasmanian composer Matthew Dewey also deals with these issues in his first symphony.[32][33]
Conspiracy theories[edit]
At least two variants of a conspiracy theory about the massacre have been promoted.[34] As there was no dispute that Bryant was responsible for the Seascape murders, police made little effort to separately identify him for Port Arthur.[citation needed]
Interviewed in 2006, Tony Rundle, Premier of Tasmania from 1996 to 1998, admitted that because there was no trial the evidence made public was possibly insufficient to support that Bryant had been the gunman: "At the time, the view was that a trial could do no good for the victims and their families. Now I think maybe that wasn't the case. If all the evidence was heard, then maybe it would have provided some closure and stopped the proliferation of conspiracy theories that sprang up over the years."[35]
List of massacres in Australia
Timeline of major crimes in Australia
List of events named massacres
List of disasters in Australia by death toll
Citations[edit]
Jump up ^ UNESCO's World Heritage "Australian Convict Sites" webpages Accessed 31 December 2010
Jump up ^ Hester, Jere (30 April 1996). "Aftermath of Horror Death Toll Climbs to 35; Tasmaniac is Charged". New York Daily News. Retrieved 26 September 2013.
Jump up ^ "Australian gunman laughs as he admits killing 35". CNN. November 7, 1996. Archived from the original on 28 Sep 2013. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Wilfred Lopes Centre". DHHS, Tasmania.
Jump up ^ Wainwright, Robert; Totaro, Paola (27 April 2009). "A dangerous mind: what turned Martin Bryant into a mass murderer?". The Age. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
Jump up ^ Milliken, Robert (1 May 1996). "City feels killer's legacy of bitterness". The Independent. Retrieved 26 September 2013. When Miss Harvey died in a car crash near Copping about four years ago, she left Bryant property and other assets valued at about £300,000. (Amount converted using Historical currency rates of $1.8971 AUD to GBP on 1 May 1996)
Jump up ^ Bellamy, Patrick. "Martin Bryant". TruTV. Turner Entertainment Company, Inc. p. 2. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
Jump up ^ Mullen, Paul E. (4 May 1996). "Psychiatric Report Martin Bryant". Victorian Forensic Psychiatry Services. Retrieved 15 August 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b The Queen v. Martin Bryant (Supreme Court, Salamnaca Place, Hobart 19 November 1996). Text
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Altmann, Carol (2006). "The Massacre". After Port Arthur. Allen & Unwin. pp. 9–11. ISBN 1-74114-268-7.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Altmann, Carol (2006). "The Massacre". After Port Arthur. Allen & Unwin. pp. 11–15. ISBN 1-74114-268-7.
Jump up ^ The identity of this man was suppressed by the DPP
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Altmann, Carol (2006). "The Massacre". After Port Arthur. Allen & Unwin. pp. 15–23. ISBN 1-74114-268-7.
^ Jump up to: a b "The new charges against Bryant". The Advocate. 9 July 1996. Retrieved 8 December 2008.
Jump up ^ Williams, Patrick (19 December 2010). "Martin Bryant had me in his sights". Sunshine Coast Daily. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
Jump up ^ Farquarson, John (12 November 2002). "Counter-insurgency jungle warrior: Brigadier Ted Serong, Military tactician 1915–2002". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Reynolds, Christopher Dr. "Issue Management and the Australian Gun Debate: A review of the media salience and issue management following the Tasmanian massacre of 1996". Retrieved 31 July 2011.
Jump up ^ Firearms Regulations FAQ Attorney General's Department.
Jump up ^ "Psychiatric Report". The Port Arthur Massacre Conspiracy.
Jump up ^ When police questioned him as to why he didn't have a car licence, he replied. "Ahh, I didn't think I'd ever pass or get through the courses 'cos I'm not that bright."
^ Jump up to: a b "A Transcript Of The Police Interview With Martin Bryant". Ned Wood.
^ Jump up to: a b "A Transcript Of The Police Interview With Martin Bryant". Love for Life.
Jump up ^ "Managing Martin: The Jailing of Martin Bryant". Radio National. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
Jump up ^ http://www.portarthur.org.au/index.aspx?id=12781
Jump up ^ Mullen, Paul quoted in Hannon K 1997, "Copycats to Blame for Massacres Says Expert", Courier Mail, 4/3/1997
Jump up ^ Hansen, Jane 1995. "Tassie Guns", A Current Affair 2 October 1995, featuring Roland Browne and Rebecca Peters of the Coalition for Gun Control. Nine Network broadcast.
Jump up ^ Lovibond J. 1996. 'Hobart gun death related to TV show', Hobart Mercury, 21 May 1996, Ed: 1, Pg: 2, 511 words. Newstext
Jump up ^ Allen, C (2006). "Ideas Kill: Science Sheds New Light on Port Arthur Massacre". [dead link]
Jump up ^ Wainwright, Robert (28 March 2006). "Inside the mind of a mass murderer". The Sydney Morning Herald.
Jump up ^ Alannah and Madeline Foundation
Jump up ^ Department of Education : Beyond The Neck – Tasmania Performs Production[dead link]
Jump up ^ "Matthew Dewey, Composer and Singer". Matthewdewey.com. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
Jump up ^ "ABC, Stateline". Abc.net.au. Retrieved 31 January 2010.
Jump up ^ "Port Arthur conspiracy theory still upsets Tasmanians". The World Today. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 21 February 2001.
Jump up ^ "Making of a monster". The Bulletin. 4 April 2006.
Bingham, M (1996) Suddenly One Sunday. Sydney: Harper Collins
Ludeke, M (2006) Ten Events Shaping Tasmania's History. Hobart: Ludeke Publishing
Scott, M (1996) Port Arthur: A Story of Strength and Courage. Australia: Random House
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First is that I fell in love. A strong love. An honest love. I could feel my priorities in life completely shift when love showed up like it did… unexpected but at the perfect time. The lakes allowed me to be closer to that love, and that love washed away any doubts that were lingering about moving away from what was familiar to me. Love is a powerful thing and it made me feel safe. The second is pretty simple… I grew up. I have developed amazing friendships that have an unspoken mutual understanding that being an adult is not for sissies and life sometimes can keep us apart for a significant amount of time, but we truly cherish every moment that we now have together. Yes, I miss them every day, but at this age I have been blessed with such a solid foundation of true friends… friends that are constant no matter what life deals out. Third, I enjoy the slower pace of life here, and every single time I say it I shake my head and smile, because I hear my 70 year old neighbor say the same exact thing. I love the little bar on the corner where "everyone knows your name," knowing that I can look up at night and see so many stars that are not faded by the lights of a busy city, having friends visit so they can relax, living near a one stop light town that still celebrates its settlement days with a beer tent and live music, cooking dessert over a campfire, and losing track of time with friends out on the water. The last significant piece to all of this is my little brother. He continues to teach me things about life, even after he passed away a little over two years ago. This lake is his final resting place, and the feeling of being close to him makes me feel more at home than anything else. It has brought a new calmness to this beautiful body of water that I wake up to every morning. It is a calm that I did not feel before, but it is real and I know Eric would want that for me… he would want that for all of us.
I have come to realize that it is the people, the love, your frame of mind, it is life, it is loss, and it is the experiences… however large or small that make a house your home, and each spot where we land is like a stepping stone through life. The stone I am on right now is a good one and the view is not too shabby. So, for right now I'm going to keep rolling my figure 8, and waving at people that I have yet to meet, and singing along with my music, and writing about my life… and always trying to find that "different kind of pretty" every single day.
When I was a little girl, I had my life all planned out. I was going to be a monkey trainer, married, two kids, and riding horses in the mountains with the gobs and gobs of free time I would have because my personal cook would have dinner ready every evening, and my responsible children would finish their homework every day without being asked, and they would have a weird obsession of picking up after every mess they made.
"Life goes on….." You know, it was a phrase that I never really liked. Yes, it is the truth, but it seems so insincere, so blunt, and so lacking of any emotion or empathy. Now, at the ripe age of 35, I am sitting here in my wheelchair, at the end of the dock, writing down my thoughts, looking across a gorgeous lake, and watching "life go on." I have come to accept that phrase.
I am not heartbroken about those dreams I had as a little girl not working out. There have been many points throughout my life where I thought I had it all planned out, but the forces that be shook their heads and thought otherwise. Every single time my plans completely got thrown into the blender in regards to how I thought my life was supposed to be, there was always one thing that was guaranteed… Life goes on.
Maybe you just need to coast on that detour, just for a little bit. I have learned to look at the detours of life from the perspective of relating them to real "detours." Yes, some detours absolutely throw you for a loop, and get you so lost that you have to use every lifeline necessary to find your way. Sometimes though, there are detours that may in fact make it a longer ride to reach that final destination, but if you truly open your eyes, that ride is more beautiful, and it would have been something that you never would have experienced otherwise. It may be a blessing in disguise, it may scare the crap out of you, it may open doors to amazing opportunities, it may shut doors that you never thought would close, you may meet the love of your life, you may lose the love of your life, but it is life, and it is yours, and it is unpredictable.
I by no means claim that I have it all figured out. So, until it is my turn to see the ones I have lost throughout this journey of life again, I will put my seatbelt on every morning and keep rolling with life as it "goes on," doing my best to embrace the detours and wherever they lead me to, and holding on to the belief that hearts that are meant to be together will always find their way.


Seaside Palm Beach's luxury detox program was designed to safely and effectively guide patients through this critical first phase of treatment. The process of detox involves the expulsion of all addiction-related chemicals from a patient's system so they are able to start rehab with a clear head and renewed energy. We administer safe and compassionate luxury detox from drugs and alcohol in a sterile, comfortable, and supportive environment. Patients are monitored around the clock by doctors and nurses who are specially qualified to mitigate withdrawal symptoms and address any medical emergencies. It's so important to undergo a detox with the proper medical resources as complications can very easily occur, and our patients deserve the very best luxury detox for their recovery.
Our luxury detox program is administered in a designated area right on campus, relieving patients of having to travel offsite for different phases of treatment. Many facilities are not licensed to perform detoxification at their own facility, and must have their patients detox elsewhere before they can start rehab. Our program, on the other hand, is fully staffed with qualified medical personnel to administer the entire process to ensure a safe detoxification experience. A detox at our facility is not only the best luxury detox, but it is a true medical detoxification with comprehensive medical support.
The medical and clinical staff that welcomes you to our facility will remain with you through the course of treatment. We recognize that patients are extremely vulnerable during their detox period and place an extremely high importance on their comfort and continued positivity. Every effort is made to diminish withdrawal symptoms and keep patients focused and energized toward their recovery. We even offer medication-assisted detox to qualifying patients.
Seaside Palm Beach knows that if a patient can't make it through detox, they will not be successful in the rest of their recovery. We have created a program geared toward patient comfort and compassionate withdrawal symptom management. The safety and trust of our patients comes before anything else; and perhaps nowhere is this demonstrated more clearly than during the ever-crucial detox process.
Seaside Palm Beach boasts an exclusive detox facility, discreetly settled next to the Atlantic Ocean. Well-appointed, semi-private suites offer two bedrooms, a lounge area complete with kitchenette, and a 42" flat screen TV. Luxury high-end bedding and linens ensure that you do not compromise your personal standards during your journey to complete wellness. Our housekeeping and laundry personnel keep your living space spotless and inviting. You won't be able to find these amenities elsewhere and this is the perfect place to begin your recovery journey.
Seaside Palm Beach offers massage therapy, gourmet food and more to alleviate the physical pressures of detox. We provide 24-hour nursing care and daily visits with expert medical staff to ensure that you heal in an environment conducive to your overall wellness.


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Places, Loved Ones by Philip Larkin
'Places, Loved Ones' by Philip Larkin is a three-stanza poem that is separated into sets of eight lines, or octaves. Each of these octaves follows a specific rhyme scheme. They conform to the pattern of ABABCDCD. The lines are less structured when it comes to meter. They are all relatively the same length, but each stanza follows its own pattern, ranging from four to eight syllables per line.
Explore Places, Loved Ones
1 Summary of Places, Loved Ones
2 Tone and Theme
3 Analysis of Places, Loved Ones
Summary of Places, Loved Ones
'Places, Loved Ones' by Philip Larkin describes the nature of marriage and how one must accept that it won't be perfect.
The poem begins with the speaker describing how he has yet to find the person (he thinks) will make him the happiest. The same can be said for a particular place. Whatever situation he is in now, he thinks there's a better one out there for him.
This is the basis of the poem and the problem that Larkin's speaker sees with the institution of marriage in general. One will always be searching for something better. The feeling of possibility does not leave, and the speaker does not want it to.
He desires the freedom to love who and where he wants. By the end of the poem though he has come to the conclusion that the best choice is to not look for something better. Instead one should try to be happy with what they have.
You can read the full poem here.
Tone and Theme
The speaker's tone in this piece changes from beginning to end but throughout he sounds generally skeptical and mistrustful of social customs. From stanza to stanza his words move from resonating as dejected, to empowered and then finally resolved. He expresses a complicated but well thought out opinion on what marriage is and what it can be. It is one of the major themes of this piece, as is a feeling of alienation.
The latter comes through the clearest in the last lines as the speaker tries to find a way to enter into normal social life without continually worrying over the choices he makes. This part of the speaker's personality is connected to Larkin's own experiences. He was often on the fringes of society, never fully committing to a relationship.
Analysis of Places, Loved Ones
Stanza One
No, I have never found
The place where I could say
On everything I own
Down to my name;
In the first stanza of this piece the speaker begins with a negative, "No." This is a striking way to start a poem as a reader is immediately sucked into the speaker's pessimistic outlook on life. In particular, the speaker is passing judgment on marriage and the way it transforms one's life for the negative. He continues on to explain that he has,
[…] never found
The place where [he] could say
This is [his] proper ground
The speaker has been looking, as we all do, for some kind of stability, at least in his own happiness. So far, this state of mind has not come to him. He has not found it in a location, or in a person, as will be revealed in the next lines. The speaker seems somewhat transitory in these lines, as if he is wandering from place to place looking for his life.
The third and fourth lines of the stanza are in italics. This choice was made by Larkin in order to emphasize their importance to the speaker. If he was ever able to say these lines, they'd be said with conviction.
In the next four lines, he explains that his lack of "place" is connected to his lack of "person." There has yet to be someone in his life "Who has an instant claim" over him. He is seeking an immediate connection that makes him want to discard his whole way of living and give himself over wholeheartedly to another. They would even own his name.
Stanza Two
To find such seems to prove
You want no choice in where
Should the town turn dreary,
The girl a dolt.
In the next octave, the speaker admits to the rider that he does not really want to find his "place" or his "person." He believes that the societally imposed necessity of these decisions is detrimental. The speaker does not want to be tied down to one way of living, in a specific town, with only one person for the rest of his life.
He explains why he thinks this is a bad idea. If one does turn themselves over to someone, in every way including their name, then they are saying that they,
[…] want no choice in where
To build, or whom to love;
Another person, or more broadly, society, dictates who you are and who you will become. He is pushing back against the disappearance of his own personal freedom. The speaker wants to remain an individual who does not feel compelled to blame the boring days of their life on another.
He sees this as very common, the decision to blame the "dreary" town or the dumb girl for the way one's life has turned out. This might be the case, but it was "your fault" that "you" are stuck in these situations
Stanza Three
Yet, having missed them, you're
Bound, none the less, to act
Uncalled-for to this day
Your person, your place.
In the last eight lines of 'Places, Loved Ones', the speaker complicates his already split emotions on the subject of marriage. He knows that if one does not get married, or try to find happiness somewhere, they will be just as unhappy.
He thinks that in reality, people should make the best of the way society is structured. It does no good to dwell on the possibility that there might be someone or someplace better for you. One's life might not turn out perfectly, but it's better than not trying at all.
This reveals the speaker's underlying desire to belong to something. If he thought that he really had a possibility of being happy with someone else, someone he really loved, then he probably wouldn't have these opinions in the first place. It is his own felt separateness that keeps him from wanting to engage in social practices and customs.
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Nothing To Be Said by Philip Larkin
Spring by Philip Larkin
Emma Baldwin
Emma graduated from East Carolina University with a BA in English, minor in Creative Writing, BFA in Fine Art, and BA in Art Histories. Literature is one of her greatest passions which she pursues through analysing poetry on Poem Analysis.
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Park Hyatt St. Kitts
The Cabrits Resort & Spa Kempinski, Dominica
Six Senses La Sagesse, Grenada
About Range Developments
Range Developments Team
Passport to Citizenship Podcast
CBI Is The Perfect Hedge From Social, Economic And Political Storms
The following is an interview between Bennett Oghifo and Mohammed Asaria, Managing Director of Range Developments. Range Developments is an investment and hospitality firm operating in the eastern Caribbean.
Q: The citizen by investment programme looks interesting, particularly with the ultra-luxury resorts. What are the house types?
A: In Grenada at the Six Senses La Sagesse, we are building an ultra-luxury resort. It will compromise 100 rooms spread over 28 acres. The hotel will have a number of restaurants, a feature Spa as well as access to two beaches. It will be something special that all Six Senses resort are. Six Senses is the leading brand of the Intercontinental Brand. The resort will also include a number of exclusive villas that will be built in the same style as the main hotel. They will share the facilities and will be available to be used by the hotel.
Q: What should a Nigerian interested in the programme do?
A: Grenada has emerged as the leading CBI option due to its multiple benefits and access to the E2 USA visa. Citizenship of Grenada may be obtained in a cost-effective manner expeditiously within a 90-day period following a detailed due diligence process on the applicant. This is also a very cost effective-jurisdiction in comparison with the range of other existing citizenship programmes.
Q: What's the expected return on investment, besides citizenship?
A: The investor must hold the investment for 5 years. Thereafter, they can resell the investment to another investor who can also apply for citizenship of Grenada. The original investor keeps their citizenship in perpetuity. In addition, an investor will also receive a profit from the operations of the hotel. The projected yield is from 2% to 4% once the hotel opens.
Q: What arrangement is there for a Nigerian investor to use his home during their vacation or at any other time?
A: The investors are acquiring an interest in the hotel rather than a specific home. This is the way the Grenadian CBI programme is structured. Investors are welcome to spend two weeks a year on a complimentary basis at the Six Senses Hotel and during construction we invite them to spend two weeks a year at one of our other Caribbean Resorts (either the Park Hyatt St Kitts or Kempinksi Dominica).
Q: How secure is the investment from economic and political storms?
A: Investment in a CBI programme offers the best refuge from economic and political storms, because it gives mobility and security. Once you have second citizenship, you are free to travel wherever you choose. It is the perfect hedge from social, economic or political storms. Combining this with the ability to live in the United States – ensures CBI is not just a luxury, it has become a necessity.
Q: What's the payment structure?
A: To secure Grenadian citizenship, investors must first invest US$220,000 (plus government fees based on the composition of the family) in a government-approved real-estate project, such as Six Senses La Sagesse, Grenada and apply for citizenship of Grenada. The level of government fees depends on the number of family members the main applicant is planning to include into a citizenship application. So, for a family of four, there will be an additional US$80,000 of government fees. At the outset, a deposit of 10 per cent of the investment amount is taken, the balance on approval (expected within 3 months) of the application.
Q: What percentage of Range Developments' is available for investors?
A: Both the Park Hyatt St Kitts and Cabrits Resort Kempinski are fully sold. There is still availability for investors in the Six Senses La Sagesse, Grenada.
Q: Do you have representatives in Nigeria?
A: Our activities in Nigeria are managed through our offices in Dubai.
Q: What's the interest or role of the Grenadan government in these projects?
A: Grenada wants to encourage investment, create jobs, and bring tourists to the island. All these criteria are met by the Six Senses La Sagesse, Grenada, which will be Range Developments' third development in the Caribbean. It will comprise 100 rooms spread over 28 acres. Six Senses has been named as the number one hotel brand globally for the past three years by Travel & Leisure magazine. Its construction is funded in part through Citizenship by investment. Demand for the Grenada offering has been buoyed by the recent changes in US immigration law, especially the exponential price increases to the EB5 Programme. The Grenadian Government has undertaken full due diligence on Range Developments and only then were Range permitted to attract investors under their citizenship by investment programme.
Q: At what stage can a prospective investor inspect the resorts?
A: At any stage they choose. Range Developments will be happy to show any prospective investor around the resorts, or help facilitate their stay in the Caribbean in any way possible.
A leading developer for Citizenship by Investment in the Caribbean
What is CBI?
Cost of CBI
Family as the Building Block of Society
Range Developments © 2020. All rights reserved | Privacy Policy | Terms & Conditions
Khmer (Khmer)


text:
America's Shasta Is Reborn With Their Capable and Affordable Phoenix Fifth Wheels
The Moment When Koenigsegg's Range Hits the Track: Regera vs. One:1 vs. Agera RS
Stories about: Nicole Scherzinger
Home > News > Stories about: Nicole Scherzinger
Nicole Scherzinger Poses with Oldsmobile for Missguided
26 Mar 2014, 14:32 UTC · By: Liana Nastase / When it comes to advertising, an old-school car will always attract attention even if we're talking about a campaign for clothes. This is the case of the beautiful singer Nicole Scherzinger th...
Hamilton Takes Time Off with Nicole
21 Nov 2012, 14:06 UTC · By: Ovidiu Panzariu / Finally, following some intense days after winning his maiden Formula 1 title, Great Britain's sensation Lewis Hamilton took some time of his own and spent a quiet, pleasant night out with gir...
Lewis Hamilton Will Still Be a Free Man
21 Nov 2012, 14:06 UTC · By: Dragos Rusu / Lewis Hamilton is right now a British hero. He came to a hero's welcome in the UK after becoming the first British pilot to take home the F1 driver world title since Damon Hill won it in 1996. ...
F1 and Music Mix: Lewis Hamilton and Nicole Scherzinger Engaged
18 Jul 2011, 07:05 UTC · By: Mihnea Radu / Who says there's no merit to being an F1 driver these days. We have trouble thinking up something cooler than having a singing siren like Nicole Scherzinger engaged to you, but that's ex...
The X FACTOR Gets Chevrolet Sponsorship
10 Jun 2011, 13:51 UTC · By: Alina Dumitrache / With The X FACTOR set to debut on FOX this fall, Chevrolet is taking advantage of the occasion and becomes the exclusive on-air, off-air and online automotive sponsor of successful talent-seeking TV...
Hamilton to Be Banned from Swiss Roads?
24 Jun 2010, 09:16 UTC · By: Ovidiu Panzariu / Lewis Hamilton's multiple road offenses in the last couple of years could get his Swiss driving license revoked in the near future. According to several media in the country, who have cited a r...
Nicole Drops Porsche from Hamilton, Goes Back to Bentley
26 Mar 2010, 11:25 UTC · By: Alina Dumitrache / We know break-ups can be hard sometimes, especially when there have been marriage plans involved, and giving back gifts to your ex happened to everybody, even to celebrities like Nicole Scherzinger ...
Lewis Hamilton and Nicole Scherzinger Break Up - Official!
11 Jan 2010, 08:58 UTC · By: Ovidiu Panzariu / Although there were several rumors about a potential split between former Formula One champion Lewis Hamilton and pop singer Nicole Scherzinger, the news had never been confirmed until now. However,...
Hamilton Denies Breaking Up with Nicole
14 Sep 2009, 13:36 UTC · By: Ovidiu Panzariu / Lewis Hamilton denied the recent reports in the British media that he and Pussycat Dolls lead singer Nicole Scherzinger broke up prior to the Italian Grand Prix. Talking to the Italian media shortly...
Lewis Hamilton Breaks Up with Nicole Scherzinger
14 Sep 2009, 06:32 UTC · By: Ovidiu Panzariu / Lewis Hamilton's bad luck did not only struck only in the Italian Grand Prix yesterday, but also in his personal life. According to Great Britain's Sunday Mirror newspaper, Pussycat Dolls ...
Hamilton and Button Spent Summer Break with Girlfriends
21 Aug 2009, 08:43 UTC · By: Ovidiu Panzariu / While young drivers (Jaime Alguersuari) and Formula One veterans (Luca Badoer) were preparing themselves for the European Grand Prix at Valencia, Lewis Hamilton and Jenson Button admitted they have ...
Hamilton Buys Nicole a Porsche for Her Birthday
1 Jul 2009, 14:52 UTC · By: Alina Dumitrache / He is the F1 world champion and one of the most wanted bachelors (yet) in the world. She is one sexy Pussycat Doll. He got her a Porsche Cayman for her 31st birthday... He is seven years younger tha...
F1 Champ Lewis Hamilton to Get Engaged?
19 May 2009, 09:45 UTC · By: Alina Dumitrache / This is one of those news that can get both men and women to sigh deeply. Female fans of the McLaren driver Lewis Hamilton and male fans of American pop group Pussycat Dolls singer Nicole Scherzinge...


text:
NewsWest
No More Bullying
WAARN
Announcements > 20181202 - VK6WIA NewsWest for Sunday, 2 December 2018 - Club Focus Edition >
20180311 - Next Week - John Moyle Memorial Field Day
posted Mar 10, 2018, 12:02 AM by News Team
The John Moyle Memorial Field Day is next weekend, starts 0100 UTC on Saturday, that's 9:00am Perth time and runs for 24 hours.
There are already several stations committed to be on-air, the Hills Amateur Radio Group, the WA VHF Group, the Northern Corridor Radio Group, the WA Amateur Radio News Team and no doubt there will be many other stations getting on air and making noise.
You can participate for as much or as little as you like, awards exist for both home and portable stations and for 6 hour or 24 hour operations. A link to the rules can be found on the vk6.net website.
[http://www.wia.org.au/members/contests/johnmoyle/]
One thing to note is that the contest runs in three hour blocks, so you can speak to the same station on the same band every three hours, check the rules for specific requirements.
As a bonus, you can work any station on the planet and claim points. If you're outside of VK, ZL and P2, that's Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea, then you too can play, but you'll have to talk to a station in one of those three countries to make any points.
Martin VK6ZMS who has been actively promoting the contest suggests that in VK6 we operate a liason frequency to keep each other awake, 7105 during the day and 3610 at night. The 2m and 70cm calling frequencies are also a great place to hang out. More details on the vk6.net website.
[2m: 144.100 SSB, 146.500 fm]
[70cm: 432.100 SSB, 439.00 fm]
[http://www.vk6.net/announcements/posts/20150719-rdcontestvhfuhffrequencies]
Becoming an Amateur
DX and Contests
PerthTech 2019 and Raffle
Stolen Gear
We send out an alert with news updates every week and if there is any breaking news, we'll also post that.
Subscribe to News Alerts
The news is heard across many frequencies and can also be downloaded.
There is no on-line facility at this time.
Foundations of Amateur Radio
The "Foundations of Amateur Radio" segment that was broadcast by Onno VK6FLAB on WA Amateur Radio News can now be found at http://ftroop.vk6flab.com/, or on iTunes.
If you're interested in participating in the production of the news you can get in touch with the team. We'll walk you through the process, show you how to create quality audio, help you write scripts and produce the amateur radio news for vk6.
newswest@vk6.net
The original vk6.net site was maintained by Christine VK6ZLZ and hosted by Robyn VK6XRE. It's still available online for historic purposes. (Note that the information is likely out of date.)
© WA Amateur Radio News (Inc.)


Short film Ghosted, starring Alice Lowe, is now available to watch online.
Ghosted follows Rebecca (Alice Lowe), a widowed artist who is trying to get back into the dating scene after the loss of her husband. But when Rebecca heads out on her quest for new love, she finds herself being literally haunted or 'ghosted' on dates by the spirit of her dead partner.
Excellent. Cannot wait to see this. Lowe's a flipping comic-horror genius.


Hi, we are looking for a talented designer to help us develop a wordpress web site design for a top of the bill notary in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. We are looking for a design partner who can work with us by the hour. We are pixel-fuckers, so please only apply if you have real skills. If you contact us, please send along a portfolio. The portfolio should not have any amateur-quality, otherwise you will be rejected immediately.
We are not planning to take the lowest bidder, but we need a reliable partner who will work with us by the hour (so no milestones please!) until it is perfect! I expect to have you on board for at least 3 weeks full time.
We are looking for a new look for a Notary: a strongly visual web site (lots of stockphoto's) in Rotterdam. The web site will be in Dutch. It's okay if you also make a configured wordpress site.
Ideally, we also want a timeline on each entry page.
We also want a cool "about us" page, with all staff members with pictures. Can you please add one of those effects, where on a mouse-over our CEO gets something like an artsy mustache to add something casual to the site? Only for some members of staff, just to keep people interested.
Here we also have 4 paragraphs of text describing the company.
We have 3 paragraphs of text describing the person. We also want to add phone, linkedin, email per person. Please come up with a cool design for this.
•	55% of all our customers make decisions based on a phone view of the web site. We therefore want the mobile version to get as much attention as the desktop version.
•	We want to open with strong visuals (again, like [login to view URL]) and then continue onwards to text.
•	The topics are auctions, real estate, and corporate law as specialties.
•	What makes us unique is that we are innovative and use a lot of IT.
We have a color scheme as well, please find attached.


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Home / Special Features / Regular Features / Building Blocks / Building Blocks – Thresher Square
The orange brick building, situated between the Guthrie Theater and the Metrodome, is actually a combination of two structures of different heights that were built four years apart.
Building Blocks – Thresher Square
By: Frank Jossi	July 7, 2011 2:34 pm	0
The terra cotta decorating the street-level front on Third Street gives the buildings an ornate splash of Classicism. (Staff photos: Bill Klotz)
Location: 700 S. Third St., Minneapolis
Year built: 1900 and 1904
Square feet for lease: 117,144
Occupancy: 35 percent
Lease costs: $11.50-$12 per square foot (net)
Owner: Investors Real Estate Trust (IRET)
Thresher Square is a combination of two structures of different heights that were built four years apart. The older Advance Thresher Co. has six floors while its adjoining neighbor, the Emerson Newton Implement Co., offers seven. (Staff photos: Bill Klotz)
Building description: The orange brick building, situated between the Guthrie Theater and the Metrodome, is actually a combination of two structures of different heights that were built four years apart. The older Advance Thresher Co. has six floors while its adjoining neighbor, the Emerson Newton Implement Co., offers seven. Despite the one-floor differential, the roofline is united under a cornice, and the appearance of both buildings is so similar it is hard to tell the difference but for the signs below the cornice displaying the names of two companies that originally built them.
The block falls under the "Chicago Commercial" style of architecture, whose primary inspiration is that of Louis Sullivan. The terra cotta decorating the street-level front on Third Street gives the buildings an ornate splash of Classicism. Inside, it's hard not to think of the Thresher as a crosstown version of Butler Square because of its exposed timber beams and soaring atrium, a result of renovation in the 1980s. The interesting lobby has a fountain, terrazzo floors mixed with vibrant carpet patterns, and tall, square artistic stands that glow with light on each side and have a sculpture on top.
Tenant mix: The retail marketing agency John Ryan takes up nearly an entire floor of Thresher. Other large tenants include the Veterans Administration, the Angel Foundation and artist Leon Hushcha.
Intriguing tidbits: Both buildings once served as manufacturing facilities for construction of agricultural equipment. It's hard to see that at all today. Though the buildings share a lobby, the floors of each one are not accessible to the other, requiring two sets of elevators for the east and west side. The floors are unusual — the Emerson Newton side has balconies overlooking the atrium leading to offices.
It's difficult to find much information on the original tenants, especially Emerson Newton. Advance Thresher built agricultural machinery including, of course, threshers. Rumely, along with two other companies, purchased the building in 1911. Rumely also went on to purchase the Northwest Thresher Co. in Stillwater. By 1930, Rumely actively sought a buyer and found one in Allis Chalmers, which filed for bankruptcy in the 1980s, long after Advance Thresher had become a distant memory.
Despite its beauty the Thresher has been a challenge to fill because of its location in an undeveloped part of town, though that is changing "as the Mill District matures," said Jim Montez, the Northmarq broker leasing agent for Thresher. "It's bringing in tenants we haven't seen before."
2:34 pm Thu, July 7, 2011 Finance & Commerce
Frank Jossi
About Frank Jossi
July 18, 2019 Digital Edition