National data shows a major shift in eye surgeries from hospitals to less expensive ambulatory surgery centers where care may be delivered faster and closer to home for some patients.
Over the past decade the proportion of cataract surgeries performed at surgery centers increased steadily, reaching 73 percent in 2014, compared to 43.6 percent in 2001.
University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center researchers revealed the increased use of surgery centers for cataract surgery, but say more research is needed to determine if there's a difference in safety between hospitals and surgery centers.
The large study using claims data for 369,320 enrollees age 40 and older in a nationwide managed care network who had cataract surgery was published Nov. 22 in JAMA Ophthalmology.
"The increase in utilization occurred in many U.S. communities such that in some places nearly every cataract surgery took place in an ambulatory care center," says senior author Joshua Stein, M.D., associate professor of ophthalmology and eye policy researcher at the U-M Institute of Healthcare Policy and Innovation.
Cataract surgery is extremely effective in restoring focusing power that can deteriorate with age. It carries little risk. But well-equipped hospitals are more prepared than a surgery center if medical complications happen.
Still the reasons for the increasing popularity of ambulatory surgery centers compared to hospital-based care include convenience, lower out-of-pocket costs for patients and decreased cost-per-case for insurers.
Consumers save from the shift to surgery centers where average cataract co-pay in 2014 was $190 compared to $350 at a hospital outpatient department, authors write.
Patients were more likely to undergo cataract surgery at an ambulatory surgery center if they were younger age, had higher income, and lived in states without certificate-of-need laws. CON laws regulate the number of ambulatory care centers permitted to operate.
More affluent people were more likely to live in communities with more ambulatory care centers. This may have the indirect impact of limiting access to cataract surgery for less affluent patients.
"The increased use of ambulatory care centers raises questions about access and the effect on surgical outcomes, patient safety and patient satisfaction," says Brian Stagg, M.D., the study's lead author and a clinical scholar at the U-M Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation.
The shift is happening beyond cataract surgery and includes cornea, glaucoma, retina and strabismus surgery.
The rate of increase in ambulatory surgery center use for cataract surgery of 2.34% a year was similar to the rate of increase for strabismus surgery and retina surgery.
The rate of increase for glaucoma surgery was faster than cataract surgery. The rate of increase for cornea surgery was slower than cataract surgery.


I'll never make a feeling of true safety by seeing my self-image in terms of my character defects. To give my shortcomings such power is to make sure that I will never have enough faith or strength to continue forward; I am either condemned to live in the past, trying to change it, or to the future, trying to control it.
The only safety is in the present, affirming the positive qualities I have. Even if I'm in deep sorrow this moment, I can feel safe by appreciating that I can to grieve, which takes courage and passion for life. Appreciating my many good points is a way for me to counteract the fear that eats away at my security.


Norse mythology represents the early pre-Christian religion, beliefs and legends of the Scandinavian people, also known as the religion of �satr� or Odinism.
Most of this mythology was passed down orally, and much of it has been lost. Happily, some of it was captured and recorded by enlightened Christian scholars such as (particularly) Snorri Sturluson in the Eddas and Heimskringla, who rejected the idea that pre-Christian deities were devils. Similar mythologies were held by more southerly Germanic tribes.
Exceptions to this shortfall in documented resources relating to the mythologies of early Germanic societies can be found in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Beowulf sagas and the Gesta Danorum by Saxo Grammaticus. Limited information exists in the Germania of Tacitus, but the Eddas remain our main source of information.
The Elder Edda (also known as the Poetic Edda) was probably written down circa 1275 by the scribe Saemund. It contains 29 long poems, of which 11 deal with the Germanic deities, the rest with legendary heroes like Sigurd the Volsung (the Siegfried of the medieval Nibelungenlied). Scholars are inclined to think it was written down later than the other Edda, but because of the antiquity of the contents, we know it as the Elder Edda.
The Prose or Younger Edda was written about 50 years earlier. It may be thought of primarily as a handbook for aspiring poets, which lists and describes traditional tales which formed the basis of standardised poetic expressions, such as "kennings". We know the author of the Prose Edda to be Snorri Sturlusson, the renowned Icelandic poet and diplomat whose other masterpiece is the Heimskringla, a history of the Norwegian kingdom.
The Scandinavians recognized two "families" of deities, the Aesir and the Vanir. The distinction is relative, for the two were said to have made peace, exchanged hostages, intermarried and reigned together after a prolonged war, which the Aesir had finally won. Some gods belonged in both camps. Some scholars have speculated that this tale symbolized the way the gods of the invading Germanics supplanted the older nature-deities of the aboriginal peoples, although it should be firmly noted that this is conjecture.
Against the gods were arrayed the iotnar (singular: iotunn or Jotun), generally translated as "giants", although "trolls" and "demons" have been suggested as suitable alternatives. Some of these are mentioned by name in the eddas, but they are generally symbolic representations of natural phenomena or psychic states. There were thought to be two general types of giant: the frost-giants, who symbolised the severe winters of the area, and the hill-giants, who symbolised the mountains.
The ancient Scandinavians also believed in the existence of elves and dwarfs, whose role is shadowy but who were generally thought to side with the gods.
More benevolent creatures were Hugin and Munin (thought and memory), the two ravens who kept Odin the chief god appraised of what was happening on earth, and Ratatusk, the squirrel which scampered in the branches of the world ash, Yggdrasil which is central to the conception of this world.
The gods lived in a place called Asgard, the location of which is unclear but which might have been located in the sky, since it was reached by means of the rainbow (the Bifrost bridge). The Giants lived in an equivalent abode called Jotunheim (giant-home). A cold, dark underground abode called Niflheim, was ruled by a goddess called Hel, who was another monstrous child of Loki's. This was the eventual dwelling-place of most of the dead. In between these was Midgard, the "middle paddock", the world as we know it.
The origin and eventual fate of the world are described in Voluspa ("The sybil's prophecy"), one of the most vivid poems in the Poetic Edda. These haunting verses contain one of the most vivid creation accounts in all of religious history and an account of the eventual destruction of the world that is unique in its attention to detail.
In the Voluspa, Odin, the chief god of the Norse pantheon, has conjured up the spirit of a dead sybil (a prophetess or witch) and commanded this spirit to reveal the past and the future. She is reluctant: "What do you ask of me? Why tempt me?"; but since she is already dead, she shows no fear of Odin, and continually taunts him: "Well, would you know more?" But Odin insists: if he is to fulfil his function as king of the gods, he must posses all knowledge. Once the sybil has revealed the secrets of past and future, she falls back into oblivion: "I sink now".
The world was created by obscure deities called "Bur's sons" who lifted it out of Ginnungagap, a "grinning (or yawning) gap" in which nothing lived but a giant cow and a primordial giant.
The gods regulated the passage of the days and nights, as well as the seasons. The first human beings were Ask (ash) and Embla (elm), who were carved from wood and brought to life by the gods Odin, Honir and Lodur (Loki), and this world-view bears close comparison with the Norse take on creation.
Sol was the goddess of the sun, a daughter of Mundilfari, and wife of Glen. Every day, she rode through the sky on her chariot and this passage was known as Alfrodull, meaning "glory of elves", and this in turn was a common kenning for the sun, pulled by two horses named Alsvid and Arvak. She was chased during the day by Skoll, a wolf that wanted to devour her. Solar eclipses signified Skoll had almost caught up to her. It is fated that Skoll will eventually catch Sol and eat her; though she would be replaced by her daughter. This parallels her brother, the moon, Mani, who was chased by Hati, another wolf.
The earth was protected fom the full heat of the sun by Svalin, who stood between the earth and Sol. In Norse belief, the sun did not give light; this was caused by the manes of Alsvid and Arvak.
The sybil describes the great ash tree Yggdrasil and the three norns (female symbols of inexorable fate; their names indicate the past, present and future) who weave the cloth of fate beneath it. She describes the primeval war between Aesir and Vanir and the murder of Baldur. Then she turns her attention to the future.
The gods, aware of this, were gathering the finest warriors to fight on their side when the day came, but in the end they would be powerless to prevent the world from descending into the chaos out of which it had once emerged; the gods and their world would be destroyed. Odin himself would be swallowed by Fenrir the wolf, the very embodiment of evil. Still, there would be a few survivors, both human and divine, who would populate a new world, to start the cycle anew. Or so the sybil tells us: scholars are divided on the question whether this is a later addition to the myth that betrays Christian influence.
An interesting aspect of this mythology is that it (along with many other polytheistic religions) is utterly lacking in dualism. Though often portrayed as the "bad guy", Loki is not primarily an adversary of the gods. In fact he is often an ally and resource for Asgard. He is also one of the four gods (under his alternate name of Lodur) that create mankind, along with Odin, Vile and Ve. And even though the giants are generally opposed to the gods, they are possible to parley with (and even to party with!). The problem with giants is just that they are rude, boisterous, malignant, treacherous, uncivilized and homicidal. Not evil per se. This may reflect a pragmatic and empirical approach to life that contemporaries might label as "existentialist" or "Darwinian." In his work "The Religious Attitudes of the Indo-Europeans," Hans Gunther links it to the "naturalistic" views of Thomas Jefferson and other scholars of the Enlightenment.
An important insight into the laconic and pragmatic character of Norse mythology often neglected in encyclopedic works is that the Nordic peoples evolved in very harsh frost-zone environments of this planet, much like the Eskimos, and were very dependent on developing forms of technology to clothe themselves and survive cruel winters and fish in violent oceans in nasty weather. For fishermen (a relatively high proportion of the Scandinavian population) the outlook was bleak; they stood a much greater chance of dying at sea than living to a ripe old age. (This is reflected in the dearth of middle-aged and elderly men buried in old cemeteries of Norwegian fishing villages relative to old women or young children of both sexes who died from disease). The Viking ship, referred to as "a poem carved in wood," was "high tech" for its era, as was Viking navigation. The Viking sword reflected advanced metallurgical skills. The Germanic peoples developed their own "runic" alphabet called the "futhark." Relative to other societies of the time, the Norsemen were an innovative "techno" people, and their attitude towards religion reflected a "technological" approach to life. To this day, Norwegians, Icelanders, and other Scandinavians (to include the Finns, who are actually more "Finno-Ugric" than "Nordic") have one of the highest literacy rates and book, magazine, and newspaper consumption rates per capita compared to other peoples on the planet. Scandinavia is also ahead of most other areas of the world in terms of the number of high tech companies per capita and has always produced a disproportionate number of agnostics, atheists, and free thinkers.
The stories that comprise what is left of Norse mythology depict the gods and giants as colourful characters, much like archetypes for human behaviour and abilities. For example Odin embodies wisdom and magic, Bragi is the "super-poet", Freya is every man's desire and so on. The gods are also given very human fallacies and interests. Icelandic scholar Magnus Magnusson, author of "Viking: Hammer of the North," suggests that there was a stoic, pragmatic, rationalistic side to the Nordic character that tended to treat the mythological figures as allegorical rather than as literal entities, aware that questions of ultimate meaning required a more poetic, intuitive approach. They were capable, much like ancient Roman and Greek historians, of dissociating the secular from the religious.
The form of worship practiced by the ancient Scandinavians closely resembled that of the Celts: it occurred mostly in grovess and forests. Some recorded accounts mention occasional instances of human sacrifice such as an Arab account of a girl in Russia who chose to die so that she could accompany her Viking lover to the afterlife, or Swedish King On in the Heimskringla who sacrificed nine of his sons in an effort to prolong his life until his subjects stopped him from killing his last son (there is no indication that this was an institutionalized practice or more than the twisted whim of a particularly cruel and selfish king). A possible example of Odinic sacrifice is Tollund Man. Archaeological evidence for this practice might consist of bodies perfectly preserved by the acid of the Danish peatbogs into which they were cast after having been strangled.
One problem with interpreting death by unnatural causes in primitive societies is that what ancients may have called "human sacrifice" in their day may have fulfilled the same function as such modern terms as "capital punishment," "ethnic cleansing", and "assassination." As an example, there are accounts in ancient Sweden that when things started to go really badly, there were instances where the people would rise up and turn their king into a human sacrifice. Is this really "human sacrifice," or a primitive form of "Cromwellian" or "French Revolutionary" republicanism in disguise?
Another problem is the lack of quantitative data on the degree of certain behaviors relative to other societies. The Norsemen had slaves, but so did everyone else; what is significant is that they had a large free farmer or "bonder" class which participated in parliamentary "things", later reflected in the large English yeoman class of the Middle Ages, and never had a large peasantry, slave class, or pyramidal social structure as did societies further to the south. This was a very "middle class" society. Most men in Norse society were free men and were expected to carry a weapon such as a sword or spear as a mark of their manliness (recorded by the Roman writer Tacitus in his work "The Agricola and the Germania.") Their indulgences in human sacrifice were generally more sporadic and less characterized by institutionalized "superstition" relative to other societies of their day. The thought patterns of their leaders were very similar to the secular writers of ancient Rome and Greece. (The Sabine and Oscian tribes that formed the Roman Republic and Patrician class, and the Ionian and Dorian peoples who formed Greece of the heroic and classical eras were Nordic peoples who migrated from the north). Getting back to the Tollund man, we have no written accounts that explicitly interpret the cause of the hanging. It could have been no more "Odinic" (or more accurately, related to "Tyr," as explained later) than the hanging of outlaw horse thieves and bank robbers in the old American West. Truth be told, we just do not know what the real motivation was, and the scholars who associate Tollund man with "Odinic sacrifice" simply because Odin was associated with death by hanging (among dozens of other associations) may be telling us more about their biases than about the real Tollund man.
Another important problem in interpreting indigenous religious mythologies is that often the closest accounts that we have to "pre-contact" times were written by Christian missionaries or Christian converts who were obviously biased against the former faith, and even taught to refer to it as the work of the Devil. This is true whether we are talking about Native Hawaiian and Native American religions or the old Norse religion. As a case in point, the prose Edda and Heimskringla were written by Snorri Sturlusson over two hundred years after Iceland became Christianized around 1000 AD. The anti-pagan political climate in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark was so oppressive that virtually all of the saga literature ended up coming out of relatively tiny Iceland, and even there Sturlusson had some Christian "political correctness" constraints that he had to work around. The Heimskringla, which is owned today by as many families in Norway as the Bible, provides some interesting insights into this issue. Snorri Sturlusson introduces Odin as a mortal war lord in north central asia who acquires magical powers, and becomes a demi-god following his death. Having undercut Odin's divinity, Sturlusson then provides the story of the pact by Swedish King On with Odin to prolong his life by sacrificing his sons. This does not make Odin look good. Perhaps Sturlusson front-loaded the Heimskringla with some negativity towards Odin as a sop to the Christian establishment in Iceland. Later in the Heimskringla, Sturlusson records in detail how Viking converts to Christianity such as "Saint" Olaf Haroldsson used ruthless campaigns of repression to forcefully convert Scandinavians to Christianity, using such means as burning down homes, gouging out eyeballs, and resorting to mass drownings. Odin is treated more sympathetically and appears as an old grey bearded travelor (somewhat similar to the human form that Zeus takes in Greek mythology) with a broad-rimmed hat who reminds Nordic folk of the "good old days."
When one reads through the Heimskringla and other histories of the Viking era and its aftermath, and counts up who commits what atrocities, one does not necessarily get an impression of Christian moral superiority. The Vikings go from raiding and harrying each other as pagans in "intramural" tribal contests to William the Conqueror's utterly brutal conquest and consolidation of Britain as a "Christian." We see the Crusades where Christianized Germanic peoples massacre Islamic peoples in the name of Jesus who they previously peacefully traded with as pagans. "Christian" government also seems to be less decentralized and more intolerant, idelogically driven, and bureaucratic than in pagan times. In some instances we go from occasional "pagan" human sacrifices to massive "Christian" witch hunts and witch burnings. Is this progress? With the advent of Christianity we do not necessarily get rid of aggression, social injustice, and immorality, we simply rearrange and skew the style, motives, subtlety, and ideological nature of these things.
Last but not least, another problem with interpreting Norse mythology is that the religion may have been distorted during the era in which was recorded by the fact that during the Viking Age, Norse society was under considerable stress while at war with Christians for hundreds of years, on an ideological as well as physical level. Hans Gunther argues in "The Religious Attitudes of the Indo-Europeans" that the more militant and warlike deity Odin may have gained ascendancy as a supreme deity compared to Tyr, who may have been more prominent in an earlier, more normal and peaceful setting. This is analogous to how Christian theology changed during the Crusades or during the America's horrific Civil War, when Northerners grimly sang about the "terrible swift sword (of the Lord)" while watching seemingly endless streams of loved ones come home in coffins or permanently maimed, compared to the brand of Christianity practiced in more normal times.
Some scholars believe that at a very late stage did a temple cult appear in the more urban areas -Christian missionaries reported seeing a magnificent temple in Uppsala that housed wooden statues of Odin, Thor and Tyr. The lateness of architectural development may have been due to a feeling that the spirit of a supreme being was so great that it could not be adequately contained within or defined by walls. Indeed, the Norse historically would utilize a simple altar of piled stones known as a "horgr". The beautiful old stave churches that still exist in Norway (a replica exists at Disney World!), with dragon heads and carvings of pagan heroes in the woodwork, may have pre-existed the introduction of Christianity. Some scholars argue that Norse mythology never really died out, but simply became blended with Christianity. (For example the "trinitarianism" often found in pagan Indo-European religion went from Odin, Thor, and Frey to emphasizing a Christian Father, Son, and Holy Ghost. The cross, which resembles Thor's Hammer, became more popular than the fish symbol for Christianity more widely used elsewhere, and "Ragnorak" morphed into end-world interpretations of the Book of Revelations). The blending was particularly true in Iceland, where under the threat of an armed Norwegian Christian invasion, the Icelandic parliament voted in Christianity, but tolerated paganism in the privacy of ones home. Hence the more tolerant atmosphere that allowed the development of saga literature which has been a vital window to help us better understand the pagan era.
While a kind of priesthood seems to have existed, it never took on the professional and semi-hereditary character of the Celtic druidical class. The head of a cult was called a godi, who was like the head of a kindred group of families. There was not the feeling that one had to go through a priest or prostrate oneself to have a valid religious experience, but that each individual had enough worth and dignity to experience the gods on his or her own terms. One Icelandic writer referred to Icelanders as "an aristocratic people with egalitarian tendancies," and these traits were reflected in the style of Norse pagan worship.
The Romance languages, on the other hand, used Graeco-Roman deities to partition their week.
Nore mythology also influenced Richard Wagner's use of literary themes from it to compose the four operas that comprise The Ring of the Nibelung.
J. R. R. Tolkien borrowed extensively from Norse mythology in the fantasy fiction work Lord of the Rings. In the Marvel Universe, the Norse Pantheon and related elements play a prominent part, especially Thor who has been one of the longest running superheroes for the company.
More recent have been attempts in both Europe and the United States to revive the old pagan religion under the name Asatru or Heathenry. In Iceland Asatru was recognized by the state as an official religion in 1973, which legalized its marriage, child-naming and other ceremonies.
A common problem when researching things Norse is that the spelling of names varies much depending on one's country of origin. In the articles presented here, several common forms of the names will be presented. For more information see Old Norse orthography.


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Brazil Cotton Case Requires U.S. Leadership
Ross Korves March 12, 2010 0 views
Barriers, Market Access, Other IssuesWorld Trade Organization0 Comments0 views 0
Eight years have gone by since Brazil filed its case at the WTO against the U.S. for not meeting its commitments on cotton programs and export subsidies, and six years since a WTO panel first ruled against the U.S. The U.S. is obligated to comply with the original WTO ruling, make a counter offer or accept the retaliation of $591 million of increased tariffs and $238 million of cross-retaliation on intellectual property as proposed by the Brazilian government. The U.S. and Brazil have too much at risk in trade to not achieve a negotiated settlement. As Brazilian President Lula has said according to a Reuters report, "Brazil is not interested in confrontation. We're interested in respect for the decisions of the WTO. Either we respect institutions or the world will fall into disarray."
The WTO ruling was based on market conditions and government programs in place in 1999-2002. This was a period of low worldwide prices for virtually all agricultural commodities and large government payments to U.S. producers of cotton and other crops. Government export credit programs were used to assist export sales and U.S. cotton had an export subsidy called Step-2 that offset the difference between higher priced domestic cotton and a world cotton benchmark price. After the WTO dispute panel ruling against the U.S. was finalized in 2005, the Step-2 program was removed by Congress and the export credit programs were changed so the interest rates charged better reflect the true risk of loans. Government price and income support programs for cotton farmers were not substantively changed.
In August of 2009 the WTO ruled on the amount and type of annual sanctions that Brazil can place on U.S. products. The $591 million of tariffs will be applied to 102 different products spread across many industries. Tariffs on agricultural products like wheat are increased from 10 percent to 30 percent, fresh and dried fruits have the same tariff increases and cotton and cotton products are faced with tariffs of 100 percent. Tariffs on lawn mowers will double from 18 percent to 36 percent, portable cell phone tariffs double from 16 percent to 32 percent, and tariffs on automobiles increase from 35 percent to 50 percent. These will go into effect unless an agreement is reach within 30 days (April 7). On March 23rd Brazil will announce $238 million in cross-retaliation on intellectual property rights. This will include "breaking patents" on pharmaceuticals and other products. For example, Brazil may choose to not pay royalties on drugs used in public health programs.
Some policy makers in the U.S. have implied that they expect Brazil to make a proposal for negotiating a solution, but there is no need for Brazil to do that. The U.S. government has that responsibility. Brazil's position is that the U.S. should document that the offending subsidies have been eliminated or pay the tariffs as proposed. Brazil has indicated they are willing to discuss alternative solutions.
Much has changed in cotton production since 1999-2002. For those years, the U.S. harvested an average of 13.2 million acres of cotton per year, 16.6 percent of world harvested acres, produced 17.9 million bales of cotton, 19.5 percent of the world total, exported 9.1 million bales, 32.3 percent of the world total, and had domestic utilization of 8.5 million bales, 9.0 percent of world use. Government outlays for the cotton program averaged $3.0 billion per year in 1999-2002.
For the 2009 cotton crop now being marketed, U.S. cotton harvested fell to 7.7 million acres, 10.3 percent of world cotton acres, as corn and soybeans have been more profitable crops to grow in recent years. Total U.S. production was 12.4 million bales, 12.1 percent of world production, as U.S. production declined and production increased in countries like India due to improved cotton varieties. U.S. exports for this crop marketing year are forecast at 12.0 million bales, up from 9.1 million bales exported on average in 1999-2003 and 35.3 percent of world exports this marketing year. U.S. domestic use declined to 3.6 million bales, 3.1 percent of world use, as the ending of the Multi-Fiber Agreement on December 31, 2004 opened the U.S. market to more cotton products made outside the country.
Total domestic use and exports of U.S. cotton declined from an average of 17.6 million bales per year in 1999-2002 to an expected 15.6 million bales in the current marketing year. At the same time, total world use of cotton increased from an average of 94.0 million bales in 1999-2002 to an estimated 115.7 million bales in 2009, a 23 percent increase. Utilization of U.S. cotton at 15.6 million bales this year is only possible because U.S. carryover stocks will have been reduced from 10.0 million bales at the end of the 2007 marketing year to only 3.2 million bales by the end of this marketing year. Use of U.S. cotton will be a smaller part of the world market next year unless U.S. acreage increases much more than expected and yields per acre are large. According to the latest estimates from the Food and Agricultural Policy Research Institute, net government outlays for the cotton program in fiscal year 2010 are estimated at $1.7 billion, including payments on land that no longer produces cotton.
U.S. cotton production's influence on world markets has declined; what Brazil sought has been partly achieved by market forces. U.S. cotton production is more responsive to market demands. U.S. government payments to cotton producers have declined, but not as much as the Brazilian government had hoped.
The responsibility for offering a settlement for the dispute lies with the U.S. The WTO has ruled that the U.S. did not meet its commitments and the appeals process has run its course. If the WTO's creditability is to be maintained, the U.S. government must step forward with a proposal. U.S. groups have rightly criticized other countries for not resolving some disputes and the U.S. must not do the same.
Brazil has indicated that a settlement must include U.S. government programs related to cotton. That is a reasonable request. Speculation has been that transfer of cotton growing technology could be part of a settlement. Reductions in tariffs on Brazilian agricultural exports like ethanol, beef and orange juice are a possibility. Non-agricultural products could be part of a deal. Whatever is proposed will need the support of the House and Senate to change U.S. programs. It is time for the U.S. government to meet its obligation to find a way to resolve this dispute.
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Home »Cardiff
Cardiff (in Welsh Caerdydd) is a city of 324,800 inhabitants and the capital and largest city in Wales. It is its chief commercial centre and is home to most of the national cultural and sporting institutions and to the Welsh national media. The city made notable measures for a well balanced modal split.
According to 2008 figures (for journeys to shopping), Cardiff demonstrates a modal split of 50 percent car/taxi; 19.4 percent pedestrians; 24.5 bus; 2.3 percent bicycle; 3.0 percent train; and 0.8 percent other.
The city's approach to transport management is currently defined by a transport strategy. Its main targets include widening travel choices by ensuring that a range of real and attractive travel options are available for most trips, and that people know about them. To reinforce this strategy, in March 2009, the Welsh Assembly Government announced that Cardiff would be the first Sustainable Travel City (STC) in Wales. Cardiff's two-year STC programme (2009 to 2011) includes a range of measures that support the transport strategy. Improvements to the city's transport infrastructure are underway which will ensure the facilities and options for increasing public transport use are in place, as well as walking and cycling. An accompanying programme of soft measures, or Smarter Choices, will provide citizens with information, incentives and encouragement to change their travel behaviour.
Good progress has been made. Achievements to date include improved bus access to the city center, pedestrian zones in the city center, an expanded cycling network, a new bridge, completion of a cycle route around the bay and greater opportunities for walking and cycling into the city from surrounding areas. Bus corridors and other public transport infrastructure have been installed, a new Park and Ride/Park and Share scheme has been introduced and civil parking enforcement (CPE) is in place. All the city's traffic wardens have been transferred under the responsibility of Cardiff Council from South Wales Police. A Smart City Hub will help to keep transport flowing in the city.
As yet, no special emphasis has been demonstrated on clean vehicles and alternative fuels. Future phases of the initiative are still to be determined and the council is in discussions with the Welsh Assembly Government to secure the continuation of funding for the Cardiff STC initiative for the next three years.
The city of Cardiff works on the implementation of sustainable urban transport measures in cooperation with the Welsh Assembly Government, Sewta (the regional transport consortia for South East Wales), public transport operators, the public transport information provider Traveline Cymru, and the sustainable transport charity Sustrans. A Programme Board that represents many stakeholders has been established to support the Sustainable Travel City project.
Summary finalized: June 2010
Cheryl Owen
chowen@cardiff.gov.uk
City Representative
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Samuel Called by God in the Tabernacle
And the boy Samuel was ministering to Yahweh in the presence of Eli (3:1).
Shiloh was the home of the tabernacle in these days (circa 1080 BC). The tabernacle appears to have been located at Shiloh already for some three centuries, ever since it was installed there in the days of Joshua (Josh 18:1). The location of Shiloh has been established based on both geographical clues and on later (mostly Byzantine) inscriptions found at the site. This photo was taken in 2006, before the most recent excavations.
Ancient Beds
At that time Eli was lying down in his own place (3:2).
It becomes clear in the course of this narrative that both Samuel and Eli were sleeping somewhere within the confines of the tabernacle. There are repeated references to both of them lying down to sleep. It is not stated whether they slept on the ground or had some kind of bed to sleep on. Wood-framed beds had been used for many centuries prior to this time, so could have been used by Eli and Samuel as well. The bed shown here comes from a rare non-royal tomb in Egypt, KV 46 in the Valley of the Kings.
The Lampstand
The lamp of God had not yet gone out (3:3).
This model of the lampstand (menorah) in the tabernacle is based on the description given in Exodus 25:31-40. A lamp was kept burning continually, "from evening to morning" (Lev 24:2), but it was apparently allowed to go out during the daytime. The reference to the lamp having "not yet gone out," then, is an indication that this event took place during the dark hours. This lampstand was photographed at the tabernacle model in Timna Park.
Yahweh's Call
Then Yahweh called Samuel, and he said, "Here I am" (3:4).
"Yahweh" is the personal name of Israel's God. Although the divine name has not been written or pronounced by observant Jews since the Hellenistic period, it was used with some frequency prior to that, both in personal names and in daily conversation and correspondence. An example is this ostracon from the 6th century BC. This ostracon is now badly faded. More of it was visible at the time of its discovery in 1935. The first line begins, "May Yahweh cause my lord to hear, this very day, tidings of good." This ostracon was photographed at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem.
The Doors of Yahweh's House
And Samuel lay until the morning; then he opened the doors of the house of Yahweh (3:15).
Both the word "doors" (Heb. deleth, דֶּלֶת) and the word "house" (Heb. bayith, בַּיִת) here are suggestive of a more permanent structure at Shiloh. It is not difficult to imagine that such a structure would have been built in the centuries during which the tabernacle was at Shiloh. The Mishnah says that "When they came to Shiloh, high places were forbidden. There was no [fixed] roof, but a structure of stones beneath and curtains above them" (Zevachim 14:6). This photo shows the view from the outer entrance of the tabernacle toward the sacrificial altar and the tabernacle itself. This was photographed at the tabernacle model located in Timna Park in southern Israel.
1 Samuel (Photo Companion to the Bible)


Learning about the experiences of air navigation service providers deploying digital air traffic control towers globally is an important step as we work to implement the technology in New Zealand.
Airways has awarded a contract to Austrian technology provider Frequentis to design and install a digital tower solution at Invercargill Airport. The tower is due to go live in 2021, following operational tests, and will operate on-site before moving to a centralised hub in the future. Plans are also being developed to install a contingency digital system at Auckland International Airport, laying the foundation for the full replacement of the existing tower.
Fully operational digital towers are in place worldwide, with trials underway at airports including London City and Changi. Jersey Airport in the Channel Islands is likely to have the UK's first fully certified digital tower, with operational trials underway.
Jersey's digital system will provide a contingency service for the airport, with remote services for other locations to come later. Airways GM Air Traffic Services Tim Boyle and Chief Information Officer Ed Overy visited recently to see the trials.
Jersey Airport handles around 450 aircraft movements daily, with a similar mix of traffic to Auckland International Airport. There are 27 air traffic controllers working in the current tower, who are multi-validated to work across tower, approach and area sectors. All controllers have completed training in the digital tower and are reporting positively about the transition. The visit provided important insights that will be helpful in guiding Airways' plans to deploy digital services.
We will be keeping a close watch on the digital transition at Jersey Airport.


Hoo boy, have I got a problem!
Here's what's driving me up the wall – and without my webbing! Something incredibly exciting just happened in the might world of Marvel! I wanna be the first to tell you about it. But I'm penning these pandemonious words on December 3rd, 1986. You won't be able to read this till February '87 or even later! By then, you may have heard all about my wonderful news! You see, my "present time" is really a few months into your "past." In fact, even now while you're reading these woebegone words, I'm writing another Soapbox column which won't be printed till April or May! So, in this case, I guess my "present" is your "future!" And you though you had troubles!
That's right. The whole ball of wax! The comic book bullpen in New York, our publishing company in London and our animation studio in Los Angeles – they've all been bought and paid for by New World Pictures, one of the greatest new movie and television companies in California – or the whole galaxy for that matter!
The young, hip, fun-loving guys who run New World dig Marvel Comics as much as you do! That's why they bought us! They want to make some real dynamite movies and TV shows based on all your favorite characters, plus any new, original ideas we come up with. And they know how to put excitement on the screen. I don't wanna sound like I'm trying to snow you, so I'll just mention two of their latest smashes – the movie Soul Man and the TV series Sledge Hammer. 'Nuff said?
I guess you can imagine how excited the whole blushin' bullpen is to finally have a fast-moving, dynamic movie and TV company in our corner. Now we won't have to merely license our characters for other people to produce – now we'll be producing them ourselves, the way they should be done!
Well, we'd better wrap this up for now. It's time for me to find Spielberg and Lucas and try to comfort them. I mean, now that Marvel's gonna be a big-time player in the movie biz, the poor guys must be shiverin' in their boots!
So, till McDonald's and Burger King buy their franchises in Asgard this is Smilin' Stan wishing you health, happiness and hilarity, and reminding you that drugs are for losers, so dare to say "no" – unless you're being offered a Marvel mag, of course!


Join us on Thursday 28th March for our vegan wine dinner to celebrate World Vegan Month. Celebrate all things plant based with a delicious vegan tasting menu and paired wines. Designed to champion the ingredient, we like to keep things simple yet delicious and where possible sourced from our Kitchen Garden. We prepare our vegan tasting menus in the best way possible to showcase the inherent character of each ingredient. If we make you a courgette-based dish, we want that courgette to be the best you have ever and will ever taste!
The evening takes place in the Wine Room and is limited to just 16 guests. Enjoy an aperitif and canapé reception, followed by a five course plant-based tasting menu with matching vegan wines.
Dinner with wine pairings, coffee and chocolates.


What do you think about living in a small house? Is it comfortable? Or is it narrow? Or is it pleasant? What are the reasons to living in a small house? How can we live in a small house? There are some tips that you can do before decide to living in a small house. First, you need to decide the stuffs and conditions that you need to use in the small house. Many people need to stay in a comfortable, dry, and calm place to sleep; a clean bathroom and toilet; a comfortable place to sit and lay in the days; and a place to save and prepare the foods everyday. Just bring the stuffs that you really need.
There are some benefits that you will get if you are living in a small house, such as lower electricity claim, more of times to do activities outdoor, and you are no need to sell your small house when you move (if your small house is a towable). Next, the building cost of a small house is cheaper than the big sized house. You better buy the multi purpose stuffs and put it in your tiny house. They are more expensive than the one purpose stuffs, but they will very helpful to decorate your small house which has small spaces.
Decide: do you want to build your own small house? Or do you want to buy a new small house? The cheapest small house that you can buy is the RV or the small house on trailers. If you are deciding to build the small house by your self, you will retrench your money, but you also get a weakness, such as you can't adjust your house with your interest and requirement.
The other tip to living in a small house is decreasing your stuffs. For example, you can save your films in a hard drive; you can exploit your monitors screen as a TV or use the laptop with TV tuner when you want to watch the TV. The last tip about living in a small house is being creative about the storage furniture and the multi purpose furniture. You can make a clothes drawer under the bed platform. If you choose the sofa built in, you can use the space under the sofa as storage. You also allowed making a table with some drawers under it. There are many storage ideas that you can exploit to living in a small house.
Posted by Cons at Friday, July 27, 2012 06:41:12 AM. Category: House.
This Living In A Small House is being categorized within trailers area plus small spaces topic also Living In A Small House idea plus comfortable place subject plus multi purpose niche .


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Bad Waitress, Blind Matty, Bloodshot Bill to Play Exclaim! Stage at the Roundhouse Craft Beer Festival
By Matt Bobkin
Every summer, Steam Whistle Brewing's annual Roundhouse Craft Beer Festival brings dozens of Ontario's craft breweries and food trucks to Toronto's Roundhouse Park. Last year, we added some tunes to the mix with the Exclaim! Stage, and this year we've brought it back — after all, what goes better with beer than some great music?
For the seventh edition of the festival, which runs on August 11 and 12, we've assembled seven spectacular acts from Toronto and beyond, covering rock, pop, blues, rockabilly and more. Here are this year's Exclaim! Stage performers.
Saturday August 11, 2:45PM
As the above video shows, Toronto-based quintet Good Kid are no stranger to squeezing into tight spaces, and they take a similar approach to their music, packing as many hooks and riffs into speedy indie rock tracks as they can. They just released their self-titled debut EP.
Bueller
Toronto indie pop quartet Bueller, like their namesake, are ready to cut loose, have a good time and cause some trouble. Blending indie pop, punk and fuzzy garage rock, Bueller deliver songs that are easy to both dance and rock out to.
Bad Waitress
Though this punk quartet cut their teeth as the Nude Dogs, their recent name change to Bad Waitress and signing to Royal Mountain Records hasn't changed their aggressive, in-your-face approach to music and desire to "fuck shit up," which you can hear on their latest EP, Party Bangers: Volume I. Learn more with our feature profile.
Bluegrass Brunch featuring Dirty Dishes
Sunday August 12, 11:30AM
The Sunday kicks off with beers, brunch and bluegrass courtesy of Toronto-based outfit Dirty Dishes, who will be delivering two sets of their signature country- and gospel-infused bluegrass tunes. Featuring three-part harmonies and backing band the Plate Rails, the Dishes will have you laughing, singing and dancing along before you've finished your meal.
Sunday August 12, 1:30PM
Bullit EP by Bullit
This fresh four-piece are a twangy, wall of sound instrumental surf band from Toronto, with a penchant for overdriven amps and fuzzed out tones. Their self-titled debut EP is out now.
Twenty years ago, roots rock'n'roller Bloodshot Bill started out in Montreal with little more than a guitar and a stomp board. Now, with over 35 releases to his name, he's spread his rockabilly gospel all over the world.
Blind Matty
Matt Delong cut his teeth as a member of pioneering hardcore band No Warning, but his latest project couldn't be further from it. As Blind Matty, Delong is the consummate cowpunk, as he and his large cohort of collaborators create what he describes as "a country-western version of Funkadelic." Learn more with our feature profile.
For more information, check out our Facebook event here.
More Bad Waitress
More Blind Matty
More Bloodshot Bill
More Bueller
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Promotional consideration provided by POP Montreal. POP Montreal is full of amazing pop — it's right there in the title. From the celesti...
Bad Waitress Party Hard in "What Do I Want" Video
Toronto punks Bad Waitress have just unleashed a new video for "What Do I Want." The track appeared on the band's 2018 EP Party Bangers:...
Toronto Venue Jasper Dandy Opens with Shows by Sam Coffey & the Iron Lungs, Zeus, Single Mothers
In surprisingly good news, Toronto will be getting a brand new live music venue later this week. Jasper Dandy is slated to officially open o...
Hollowfest Gears Up for 2018 Edition
DIY music and arts event Hollowfest is returning to Ontario this year, and organizers are getting ready for its fast-approaching 2018 editio...
Meet Blind Matty, the No Warning Guitarist-Turned-Cowpunk
Though long-removed from their heyday, blues and country scenes thrive all around the world, including in Toronto. One of the city's more in...
Exclaim! and Ticketfly Present the Class of 2018 Concert Series with Fleece, WHOOP-Szo, Soul Motivators
As 2017 draws to a close, another great year in music is about to begin. Once again, Exclaim! is teaming up with Toronto concert promoter Da...
Bloodshot Bill Come Get Your Love Right Now
If you're trying to get a read on Bloodshot Bill as an artist, look no further than some of his previous album titles. With names like Guita...
Bloodshot Bill Fogtown Barber and Music Shop, St. John's NF, April 21
Clippers buzzed and scissors snipped at the Fogtown Barber and Music Shop for Bloodshot Bill's intimate, surprise Sunday afternoon show. It...
Bloodshot Bill Bus Stop Theatre, Halifax NS May 31
Solo Montreal act Bloodshot Bill didn't just help kick off the OBEY Convention V, he stomped it into a blissful ruck of dancing, thrashing a...
Bueller Silver Dollar, Toronto ON, April 21
Bueller's name hews '80s, but this Toronto quartet are otherwise a '90s animal. Mixing '60s surf and garage with '90s lo-if and songs about...
Bueller "Cheater"
Toronto surf-rockers Bueller have been making waves since the release of their debut EP, Forever, last year. Now, they've returned with a sp...


We offer flexible consultations to help educate, empower, and inform library trustees.
You can help libraries across New York State by signing up as Library Advocate with the New York Library Association (NYLA).
PLS is available to offer library staff support through project assistance, continuing education, technology aid, outreach, and general library development.
The Mobile Maker Kits, Outreach Items and OWWL promotional materials are available for member libraries to borrow and use in their programs.
The State Aid for Public Library Construction Grant Program is a matching grant program that helps libraries fund building projects.
The Pioneer Library System is a New York State chartered, cooperative public library system serving the forty-two public libraries in Livingston, Ontario, Wayne and Wyoming counties.


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We have decades of experience in Canada, with strategic and operational leaders who are renowned as top management executives in the industry.
Michael Diao
John H.V. Gilbert
Stanley Kwok
Don Ho
MichaelDiao@elementliving.com
Michael is an entrepreneurial talent with ten years running a highly successful media company as President and Founding Director. He has a special talent for multicultural management and communication. His educational background is in business administration, business management and hotel management, with degrees from Beijing, China as well as Simon Fraser University in Vancouver, Canada.
In the past 10 years, Michael has held various senior management roles, including Vice President, President, and CEO, of media and business consulting companies, as well as universities and colleges, both in Canada and in China. His defining qualities are his passion for community service, leadership skills, strategic vision, and his ambitious drive and energy.
Independent Director; Professor Emeritus, C.M., Ph.D., FCAHS
Dr. John Gilbert has been a seminal leader in the education of health professionals in British Columbia, Canada and internationally. In the early part of his career he pioneered linguistics and psychology as the basis of practice for speech-language pathologists and audiologists. In the latter part of his career it was his vision and leadership that led to the concept of interprofessional education being developed as a central tenet of team-based collaborative patient-centred practice and care.
Dr. John Gilbert is founding Principal & Professor Emeritus, College of Health Disciplines, University of British Columbia where he was also founding Director of the School of Audiology and Speech Sciences, and Director of the School of Rehabilitation Sciences.
At Dalhousie University, he is Senior Scholar, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre on Health Workforce Planning and Research, and Adjunct Professor, Faculty of Graduate Studies. He has served as a visiting Adjunct Professor at the National University of Malaysia; as an advisor to the International Institute for Leadership in Interprofessional Education at Manipal University, India; was Co-Chair of the WHO Study Group on Interprofessional Education and Collaborative Practice, and currently serves on the Advisory Committee on social determinants of health at the WHO.
He was elected a Fellow, Canadian Academy of Health Sciences, in 2008. He was awarded the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal in April 2012, and in October 2013 received the Outstanding Lifetime Contribution to International Allied Health Development Award from the International Chief Health Professions Officers Organization.
Dr. Gilbert was appointed a Member of the Order of Canada, in July 2011 for his leadership in the development of interprofessional education as a central tenet in team-based collaborative patient-centered practice and care, nationally and globally. At the Convocation of Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia in May 2016 he received the honorary Degree, Doctor of Laws, honoris causa in recognition of his work.
Independent Director; A. A. Dip. (London, England), B. Sc. (Arch) (Shanghai, China)
Stanley Kwok is an architect and urban planner by profession, with visionary and strategic business leadership experience spanning over more than 50 years, in roles of President, CEO, Deputy Chairman, Principal and Director of various companies. Currently he serves as Director of numerous corporations and associations, including but not limited to Husky Energy (since year 2000), CTBC Bank of Canada, and CK Hutchison Limited Hong Kong. A few of his past significant directorships have included Bank of Montreal, BC Hydro, Bannister Foundation Construction Limited, BC Place, Pacific Rim Council on Urban Development, and Urban Development Institute of which he was also Founding Director. To name just two of his notable contributions to Canadian development and urban planning, he was Director of Expo '86 Vancouver, and Deputy Chairman of Concord Pacific Developments Ltd.
He has been keynote speaker and panelist at many international governmental, business and academic conferences on urban planning and development, through numerous countries across the world.
He is a Member of Royal Institute of British Architects and Royal Institute of Canadian Architects.
DonHo@elementliving.com
Mr. Ho moved to Vancouver from Hong Kong in 1983. He is recognized as an innovative, visionary pioneer and leader in both the general real estate development industry, and the specialized area of retirement residence development and operations. He has a reputation for his fairness, honesty and integrity in his approach with the community, residents, employees and partners.
From 1987 to 1995, he undertook general real estate development in Vancouver as investor, financier, developer, general contractor, and registered builder.
In 1993, after 10 years of personal frustration in his attempts to seek appropriate accommodation for his parents and in-laws, Don Ho recognized that beyond his own immediate experience, retirement living was a socio-demographic issue. There was a significant immediate and growing need for more desirable, dignifying and empowering living options for seniors. (Also see Company History)
The innovative Aging in Place concept has come to be viewed as an exemplary model in the industry. Don is widely accepted as the pioneering leader in the development and operation of retirement communities. In recognizing his contribution to the seniors care industry, Don received the honour of National "Entrepreneur of the Year" Finalist Award from Ernst and Young in 2002. Also in 2002, Don and other community leaders founded British Columbia Retirement Community Association. Don was elected as a founding director. Today, the organization is a vibrant association with over 130 organizations. (See www.bcsla.ca)
By profession, Mr. Ho is a Civil Engineer, Structural Engineer and Architect.
Don H.C. Ho, B.Sc. (Eng). C.Eng., M.I.C.E., M.I.Struct.E
Founder, President and CEO of Trans City Group of Companies, 1987 to present. Specializing in financing, planning and development of multi-family residential projects in the Lower Mainland, British Columbia.
Founder, President and CEO of CPAC (Care) Holdings Ltd., 1995 to 2005. A group of companies specialized in the operation of Continuum-of-Care senior retirement communities that provided Independent Living, Assisted Living and Licenced Care in British Columbia.
Senior Lecturer in Structural Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, in charge of undergraduate studies in Structural Engineering as well as creating curriculum for post graduate students to undertake professional qualifications to be Chartered Structural Engineers of the Institution of Structural Engineers, United Kingdom, 1973 to 1977. During the same period, also served as the Honorary Secretary for the Hong Kong Branch of the Institution of Structural Engineers of the United kingdom.
Founder and Principal Partner of Associated Architects and Engineers, 1977 to 1986. A partnership of professional architects and Civil and Structural Engineers in Hong Kong, specialized in professional consulting services to Building and Development Projects in Hong Kong and Taiwan.
Engineer with Scott Wilson Kirkpatrick & Partners Consulting Engineers, United Kingdom, 1966-1973. Responsible for design and construction of major Civil and Structural Engineering Projects in Hong Kong, including the Plover Cove Water Scheme, Cross Harbour Tunnel, Hong Kong Airport Runway Extension and various highways and road interchanges in Hong Kong.
Main Qualifications, Professional Memberships and Appointments
Bachelor of Science in Engineering (Honors), University of Hong Kong, 1966.
Member, Institution of Civil Engineers, United Kingdom, since 1971.
Gazetted and Licenced Architect, Hong Kong, 1973 – 1986.
Member, Institute of Structural Engineers, United Kingdom, since 1974.
Founding Director and Member, British Columbia Retirement Communities Association (BCRCA), 2002. A non-profit organization of owners and operators of senior accommodations in BC.
Industry and Academic Experiences
Senior Lecturer in Structural Engineering in Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 1973-1977. Lectured to graduate and post-graduate students and preparing them for the Institution of Structural Engineers' Professional Examination.
Member of the Steering Committee on the Formation of the Registrar of Assisted Living, a governing body for Assisted Living in British Columbia, Spring and Summer of 2003.
Delivered lectures on the topic of retirement community development and operations, including:
BC Pricare 2001 Annual General Meeting & Conference, "Community Care, Soaring to New Heights", June 3-5, 2001
Canada Forum, "Building a New Retirement Community", May 1, 2001
Athabasca University, Centre for Innovative Management, "Visionary and Entrepreneurial Thinking", November 2001
The Phoenix Group, "The Concept of Aging in Place", October 2001
inSIGHT, Conference on Emerging Opportunities in Seniors' Housing, "Beyond Housing: Building Healthy Communities", February 29, 2000
Entrepreneur of the Year, Finalist 2002. Nominated by Ernst & Young, recognized among Canada's top business founders.
Licenced Builder, Homeowners Protection Office, British Columbia, 2003.
Licenced Care Provider, Community Care Facilities Act, British Columbia, 1997.
Licenced Real estate Agent, British Columbia. 1989.
Major Project Achievements
Independent Consultant to Swire Properties Limited, of the Swire Group, a publicly listed company. Advised on a proposed Retirement Community project to be developed in Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Currently working on the feasibility study for the business viability of the project. Submission of final report in December 2010.
Co-owner and developer of The Cape on Bowen, a 618-acre master planned waterfront estate community on Bowen Island. 2004-present.
As President and CEO of CPAC (Care) Holdings and CPAC (Care) Management Inc., financed, planned, developed, marketed and operated eight Continuum-of-Care retirement communities across British Columbia. 1995-2005.
Founded BC Retirement Communities Association, with the vision to enhance collaborative relationships; promote, enhance and monitor service delivery standards; educate the public on options for support services and retirement living, and advocate for resident choice of these options. 2002.
Conceived of and pioneered the Continuum-of-Care model of retirement communities. 1995.
Developed and marketed Tsatsu Shores, a waterfront residential development project in Tsawwassen. Partnered with Tsawwassen First Nations. Created desalination plant and sewage treatment plant on the reserve, and made these facilities available to other Tsawwassen First Nation members' developments on the reserve at no cost to them. 1995.
Financed, planned, developed and marketed City Crest, one of the first residential towers in Yaletown, downtown Vancouver. 1993.
Financed, developed and marketed Riverside Business Park, a project of 70,000 ft2 of industrial warehouses. 1991.
Financed, developed and marketed St.Albans Court, a condominium development. 1990.
Financed, developed and marketed Marquis Estates, a condominium development. 1989.
Chief architect and engineer of various multi-family highrise residential projects, total volume in excess of 5000 units over 10 multi-phased projects. 1975-1986.
Chief planner and architect of an office tower in Taiwan. 1975.
Chief Architect and Engineer of a Japanese Junior Secondary School. 1974.
Design and construction of Hong Kong Cross Harbour Tunnel. 1969-1972.
Led site investigation of Plover Cove Water Scheme, the largest fresh water reservoire in Hong Kong reclaimed from the sea. 1971.
Engineer participating in the design of Hong Kong international Airport runway extension 1970.
Rotarian. The Rotary Club is an international organization for community services. Twice honored Paul Harris Fellow, recognition as the highest service contributor in 1972 (Hong Kong) and 1984 (Vancouver).


More than $8 million in new federal heating assistance dollars is coming to West Virginia residents.
The $8.2 million program through the Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program will extend a hand to the state's most vulnerable households and help keep the heat on during the winter.
The funding is in addition to $14 million allocated in October.


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Q: How many times a shared library is loaded into memory does any one have an idea how many times a shared library is loaded into memory ?
For example if I execute ProgramA and  ProgramB that both use libmyLib.so, I agree that there is only one copy on disk, but what about memory ?
PS : what about windows ?

A: Its just one instance of shared library is shared among Program A & B
Check the article which says,
Shared libraries can save memory, not just disk space. The kernel can keep a
single copy of a shared library in memory, sharing it among multiple applications.
So, not only do we only have one copy of printf() on the disk, we only have one
in memory. That has a pretty noticeable effect on performance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The DogEden 60A is our "open yard series" doghouse. Perfect for open back yards or where a kennel is not feasible or desired.
Available in the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Japan, Hong Kong, S. Korea and New Zealand.
One of the key features of the DogEden is that it's very compact above ground "footprint", which takes up very LITTLE space and has very low profile in a backyard.
Our underground dog den, ideal for dogs 10-60 pounds. The DogEden 60 includes a sleeping cabin that's 18" by 28". Each step is 4" in height, meaning that even the smallest dog can negotiate the four steps in and out of the DogEden. The door of the DogEden is over 13" high and is 14" wide. The DogEden cabin area is also engineered with 4" of additional space in the bottom for a dog bed or even Cedar Wood chips.


I will be taking my one year old to a child care facility when I go back to work next month. My friends all tell me how their children often got sick within the first year of attending child care. Is there anything I can do to prevent my child from getting sick so much?


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Message to the MSU Board of Trustees and other members of the MSU community
Dear MSU Board of Trustees and other members of the MSU Community,
As academic leaders at Michigan State University, we write to reaffirm our commitment to the University's values and to applying and upholding the University's policies and procedures. We must ensure that our campus is a safe learning and working environment and a vibrant place of discovery for our students, staff, and faculty. This duty is of paramount importance particularly here at Michigan State University given our institutional failures to protect survivors.
We are committed to enacting and upholding the University's core values – integrity, respect, excellence, equity, and collaboration. As academic leaders, it is our responsibility to uphold these values and to equitably apply the policies and practices that are meant to ensure a safe environment. These commitments require courage and vigilance – courage to do what is right even when it is difficult and vigilance to safeguard the wellbeing of all members of our community in every context.
Kendra Spence Cheruvelil, Dean of Lyman Briggs College
Pero Dagbovie, Associate Provost for Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies and Dean of the Graduate School
Prabu David, Dean of the College of Communication Arts and Sciences
Phillip M. Duxbury, Dean of the College of Natural Science
Mary Finn, Dean of the College of Social Science
James Forger, Dean of the College of Music
Thomas Glasmacher, FRIB Laboratory Director
Linda Greene, Dean of MSU College of Law
Steven Hanson, Associate Provost and Dean for International Studies and Programs
Jerlando F L Jackson, Dean of the College of Education
Mark Largent, Associate Provost and Dean of Undergraduate Education
Christopher P. Long, Dean of the College of Arts & Letters and the MSU Honors College
Kelly F. Millenbah, Interim Dean of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources
Terri Miller, Interim Dean of MSU Libraries
Dylan Miner, Dean of the Residential College in the Arts and Humanities
Birgit Puschner, Dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine
Leigh Small, Interim Dean of the College of Nursing
Aron Sousa, Dean of the College of Human Medicine
Judith Stoddart, Associate Provost for University Arts and Collections
Cameron G. Thies, Dean of James Madison College
Laurie Van Egeren, Interim Associate Provost for University Outreach and Engagement
Dave Weatherspoon, Associate Provost of Enrollment and Academic Strategic Planning


The tech 'unicorn' PagerDuty is set to begin trading on the New York Stock Exchange on Thursday.
PagerDuty's initial public offering priced at $23 a share on Wednesday, giving it a valuation of $1.8 billion.
Shares will trade under the ticker PD.
PagerDuty is set to debut on the New York Stock Exchange Thursday with a valuation of $1.8 billion after pricing its initial public offering at $24 a share, above the range of $21 to $23 that had been expected. The cloud-computing company will be the third "unicorn" — or tech company with a valuation of $1 billion or more — to debut on the public markets this year. The IPO will raise up to $250 million if all shares are placed.
The upward pricing revision indicates the IPO market continues to be wide open despite the early trading difficulties of ride-sharing company Lyft, which has seen shares plunge more than 16% from its IPO price of $72. Lyft's share price suffered in the wake of rival Uber's announcement that it was seeking a "conservative" $100 billion valuation for its own IPO.
PagerDuty, which provides early warning signs of disruptions and service outages, is a stand out in the red-hot "software-as-a-service" industry. According to the firm's website, it has over 11,000 clients, including one-third of the Fortune 500.
PagerDuty is a rare unicorn in that it is led by female CEO, Jennifer Tejada. She has run the company since 2016 after joining from Keynote, which she also led and sold to Thoma Bravo.
PagerDuty will trade under the ticker PD.


beyond typical boundaries, giving way to bigger and better opportunities.
At Nuvei, we love merchants. In fact, our mission is to provide you with solutions and services designed to fuel your growth and success.


ClearWater Farm is open to the public for spur of the moment visits on Friday from 3pm to 6pm and on Saturday from 8am to 12pm. Should you wish to organize a visit at another time, please contact us at info@clearwaterfarms.ca.
As an operating farm and event centre, ClearWater Farm hosts dozens of pre-arranged visits and events with a variety of organizations. The following special events are currently scheduled. Click here to be notified when other events are added to this list.


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Q: ordering dates in ggplot bar plot I have a dataframe of birthdays and want to order them by soonest date to furthest date.  They seem not to want to graph in order of date.
Here is the dataframe:
df <- data.frame(name = c("Sara", "Joe", "Matt", "Katie", "Ryan", "Sam"), date = c("2003-03-27", "2004-05-16", "2001-02-02", "2004-05-16", "2002-09-03", "2003-1-17"))

What i have tried so far is:
ggplot(df[order(df$date),]) +
geom_bar(aes(x=name, y=date), color = 'black', fill = 'blue', stat = 'identity')

A: Try:
df$name <- with(df, factor(name, levels = name[order(date, name)]))

ggplot(df) +
  geom_bar(aes(x=name, y=date), color = 'black', fill = 'blue', stat = 'identity')

EDIT:
Solution here https://github.com/tidyverse/ggplot2/issues/3462
ggplot(tt, aes(x = data, y = value, colour = variable)) +
  scale_y_datetime(breaks = tt$value, date_labels = "%H:%M:%S") +
  geom_point()


Flacco has had at least two passes knocked down at the line in four of his six games, including two in Sunday's 21-0 win over the Tennessee Titans.
This hasn't been a major problem for Flacco throughout his career. Since entering the league in 2008, he has had 62 passes batted down at the line, which ranks 18th in the NFL.
In Flacco's previous 10 NFL seasons, he never has ranked higher than 16th in any year in deflected passes.
Bengals aren't seeking contract extension for Andy Dalton this year Call of (double) duty: Patrick Ricard is NFL's top two-way player INF Tim Beckham comes off DL, making Orioles feel complete Cardinals among three teams to push start time changes to help body clocks Doug Marrone hopes Donte Moncrief buys into Keenan McCardell Can Deshaun Watson, Texans WRs repeat torrid pace of 2017?


Three robbery suspects named; Olisa Dominic, Friday Nwali, and Nwanosike Isaac, have escaped from the custody of the Ogidi Police Area Command, under the Anambra state police command.
The suspects were said to have escaped in military uniforms after they disguised to be military personnels.
Their escape comes after few days when they were arrested by a vigilance group over robbery allegation and handed over to the Ogidi police command.
While addressing newsmen, the president of the group, Mr. Oluchukwu Anyaoku, said he got the information of the arrest while at work and had to send his deputy, Chimezie Ononwu, who took the suspects to the community town hall for transfer to Ogidi Police Area Command.
"As the suspects were kept at the hall, waiting for the handover to the Ogidi Police Area Command, the police from Obosi led by one Ovat, a sergeant, with some boys came and took the suspects to Obosi Police Station and since then, we have not known their whereabouts.
"It is the Obosi police that will tell the world the whereabouts of the suspects. We are a non-violent group and do not want to have any misunderstanding with the police and that was why we handed the suspects over to them.
Reacting to the escape of the suspects, the Anambra State Commissioner of Police, Mr Garba Umar, said he had directed an immediate investigation into the matter.
Meanwhile, members of the community had continued to express fear over the escape of the suspects.


Dek-Niyor Entertainment front man "Chinko Ekun" continues in a fabulous way this year by releasing a new Trap infused Street Anthem titled "Eruku De".
Eruku is a Yoruba word which refers to "Ride or Die friends".
#ErukuDe is a track that recognizes and appreciates true friends that has stood the test of time, and you know they've got your back always. Such friends are referred to as ERUKU.
With production credit to #Rexxie (@rexxiepondebeat), and Mixing credit to #Spyritmyx (@spyritmyx), "Eruku De" is faultless from start to end and the lyrical delivery by Chinko Ekun will make you listen to it over and over.


Long Distance podcast and its involvement in the Google Podcasts creator program with PRX were written up by Inquirer.net, Fast Company, and Adobo Magazine.
A Filipino American millennial host, producer and creator of an independent narrative podcast about the Filipino diaspora, together with her Fil-Am co-producer and voice actor for the podcast were among the teams selected for the first cohort of podcasts in the accelerator portion of the Google Podcasts creator program.
Chosen for the program were Paola Mardo, host-producer of "Long Distance", and her co-producer Patrick Epino, who recently starred as the black sheep family member Troy in Fil-Am director H.P. Mendoza's award-winning dark comedy, "Bitter Melon" (an ABS-CBN Cinematografo Original film in collaboration with Ersatz Film and Gravitas Ventures). The six winning teams were chosen from thousands of entries and represent perspectives from around the world.
Previous article Bitter Melon Screening in NORWAY!


The Beach Family: Sprinklers are AWESOME!!!
It was another hot day today, and I spent most of it in my pool. Daddy even set up the sprinkler for me to play in too. Summer is so cool!
I love her facial expressions... and the fact that you seem to capture each one.
My boys have an absolute blast in the sprinkler.


Considered the first downtown transportation project of its kind nationwide due to the large amount of necessary business relocations, the new Sauk Rapids Regional Bridge had an especially large project scope. We were retained to provide the geotechnical evaluation, construction materials testing and quality assurance testing.
This $56 million project had many engineering challenges. To drill additional soil borings and determine the bedrock depth under the bridge alignment, crews had to build rock pads across the Mississippi River and place work bridges between them to gain access. The bedrock formation was also much deeper than originally believed; too deep for the planned 5-foot diameter drilled shafts, so we drilled 50 16-inch pipe piles to reach the bedrock. To inspect the soundness of the underwater bedrock, we invented a unique method consisting of a probe with a special television monitor that allowed our project engineers to see any rock fractures that could cause excessive pier deflections.
Our field technicians also faced challenges. Hot summer temperatures meant they had to conduct extra concrete testing offsite at a local ready mix plant to pour at night when the temperature dropped. The materials testing included concrete batch plant inspections, soil compaction tests, lab testing and concrete testing services for the bridge piers and deck.


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Charles Bronson gets another two years in the slammer for headlock fight
THE man known as Britain's "most violent prisoner" has been sentenced to an extra two years in jail after reluctantly pleading guilty to holding a prison governor in a headlock.
NOTORIOUS: Charles Bronson will serve an extra two years in jail [PA]
Charles Bronson today admitted assaulting the boss of HMP Woodhill, Alan Parkins, gripping him around the neck so tightly that he could not breathe and hitting him several times on the head.
The 61-year-old – whose real name is Michael Peterson – is serving a life sentence for robbery and kidnap and has earned public notoriety with a history of violence both inside and outside jail.
He was sentenced to two years at Amersham Crown Court today after pleading guilty to assault occasioning actual bodily harm, Thames Valley Police said.
When asked for his plea to the attack on February 28 this year, Bronson - who is now known as Charles Salvador - said: "Guilty, but I don't want to."
Detective Sergeant James Shepherd said: "Police were immediately informed following this incident in February and conducted a full interview.
"Bronson declined to make any comment in interviews, stating only that he would save his comments for a jury. We are pleased he decided to plead guilty today."
VIOLENT: Bronson left the guard with a nosebleed and cuts and bruises [YOUTUBE]
After the attack Mr Parkins was left with cuts, bruising and a nosebleed.
In June it was reported that Bronson has raised thousands of pounds for a holiday for his mother through the sale of some of his artwork.
Paintings called Fantasy Impression, which showed Bronson on a beach, sold for £1,000, while two items, Broadmoor Lunatic Asylum and Self Portrait, each sold for £950 when they went under the hammer at the auction.
Auctioneer Jonathan Humbert said Bronson asked for eight pieces to be sold after what was reported to be an attack on 12 guards at HMP Woodhill in Milton Keynes.
It was claimed that furious Tottenham Hotspur fan Bronson went on the rampage in May while smeared with butter after arch-rivals Arsenal won the FA Cup.
He wanted to make up for upsetting his mother by getting involved in the alleged incident by helping her to get away, Mr Humbert said.
Bronson has spent 40 years in behind bars with 36 years of that in solitary confinement.
He has only spent four months and nine days out of prison since being first convicted in 1974.
Prison News
Princess EugeniePrince Harry and Meghan's close royal pal Eugenie 'follows in their footsteps'Princess Eugenie has taken after two of her close royal allies after she revealed that she would be starting her own podcast just weeks after Meghan and Harry signed a £110 million deal with Spotify


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RacingWorld CupCanadian Trail to 2010
FasterSkierJanuary 16, 2008
CALGARY — With just over two years remaining until the 2010 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the world's best cross-country skiers will cut their first Canadian tracks on the trail to Vancouver when the gun blasts to kick off the Alberta World Cup in Canmore, Alta., January 22-26, 2008.
Canada's top cross-country skiers will host nearly 200 athletes, representing 21 countries, for four World Cup races at the recently renovated Canmore Nordic Centre. In addition to lining up beside the world's best in the sport, athletes will have to contend with one of the most challenging courses on the World Cup circuit, which rolls through Alberta's picturesque Rocky Mountains. Athletes will compete in the following disciplines: pursuit; two sprint races (classic and skate-skiing technique); and a skate interval start event.
"As the second of our three-event commitment leading to Vancouver 2010, we are delighted that the Alberta World Cup 2008 races in Canmore mark the beginning of two exciting years of the world's best cross-country skiers battling for gold on Canadian snow," said Robert Hogg, chief of competition, Alberta World Cup, whose organizing committee contributed to staging one of the most successful winter sport World Cup events in Canada in 2005 where more than 20,000 spectators watched the top nordic skiers compete in a series of races in Canmore, Alta. and Vernon, B.C. "We encourage all Canadians to come and watch this exciting winter sport at its best."
The 2008 Alberta World Cup will mark only the third time since the 1988 Olympic Winter Games that the Olympic venue in Canmore, Alta. has hosted a World Cup cross-country ski race — the only other two times came in 1989 and in 2005.
"This World Cup race in Canada will not only help give our team the competitive advantage they need to reach the top of the podium, but will also provide many of our young athletes the opportunity to gain some much-needed World Cup experience," said Al Maddox, executive director, Cross Country Canada, who added the national sport body's long-term partners, Haywood Securities and AltaGas Income Trust provided the sponsorship backing needed to bring the World Cup back to Canada. "Hosting World Cups at home is a critical component to growing our sport across the country, and we hope Canadians will join us in what promises to be an entertaining week of racing."
The Alberta Centennial World Cup in 2005 was the beginning of what led to a breakout season for Canada's men's and women's cross-country skiers. The season culminated with Chandra Crawford and Sara Renner winning Olympic gold and silver medals respectively, while Devon Kershaw became the first Canadian male in more than a decade to win a World Cup medal when he won a bronze in Sweden.
Crawford and Renner, both of Canmore, Alta., along with Kershaw, of Sudbury, Ont., will headline a group of 33 Canadian athletes, including 14 women and 19 men who will suit up for the 2008 nordic spectacle.
Joining the Canadian women will be: Amanda Ammar, of Onoway, Alta.; Tasha Betcherman, of Thunder Bay, Ont.; Jacqui Benson, of Prince George, B.C.; Kate Brennan, of Pakenham, Ont.; Sarah Daitch, of Fort Smith, N.W.T.; Dasha Gaiazova, of Montreal; Brooke Gosling, of Calgary; Rhonda Jewett, of Calgary; Perianne Jones, of Almonte, Ont.; Karl Mika, of Duntroon, Ont.; Shayla Swanson, of Calgary; and Edmonton's Madeleine Williams.
Kershaw will lead a diverse group of Canucks with Olympic, World Championship and World Cup experience that will compete in the men's distance and sprint races including: Mike Argue, of Yellowknife, N.W.T.; Sean Crooks, of Thunder Bay, Ont.; Drew Goldsack, of Red Deer, Alta.; George Grey, of Rossland, B.C.; Chris Jeffries, of Chelsea, Que.; Gord Jewett, of Toronto; Stefan Kuhn, of Canmore, Alta.; Brian McKeever, of Canmore, Alta.; Robin McKeever, of Canmore, Alta.; Brent McMurtry, of Calgary; Ian Murray, of South Harbour, N.S.; Skeets Morel, of Parry Sound, Ont.; David Nighbor, of North Bay, Ont.; Graham Nishikawa, of Whitehorse, Yukon; Dan Roycroft, of Port Sydney, Ont.; Chris Werrell, of Burns Lake, B.C.; Phil Widmer, of Banff, Alta.; and Jesse Winter, of North Bay, Ont.
"This is a unique group of athletes that has been making significant progress, and continues to push harder each day in an effort to climb closer to putting the maple leaf on the podium," said Tom Holland, director of high-performance, Cross Country Canada, who added Sara Renner will be making her second World Cup start since taking a year off to have a baby. "Our team has been dreaming of this event for two years, and we are looking forward to showcasing our sport to all Canadians."
While elite cross-country skiing will headline the week-long Nordic festival, the party will continue into the streets of Canmore. Families will be able to take advantage of a series of activities including face painting, skating, dancing on the streets, and nightly music on the Stampede Stage. Medal presentation ceremonies will also take place each evening on race days.
Cross Country Canada is the governing body of cross-country skiing in Canada. Its 45,000 members are athletes, coaches and officials, including members of the Canadian Cross-Country Ski Team and Canadian Disabled Cross-Country Ski Team. Cross-country skiing is Canada's optimal winter sport and recreational activity with more than one million Canadians participating annually.
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FasterSkier
Regional Race Recap
Norris and Brennan Lead a Strong Showing for APU with Wins at the SuperTour 15k Mass Start Classic
Sun Valley SuperTour Rundown: Brennan and Norris Lead the 10/15k Mass Start Classic
Rachel Perkins
Brennan and Hagenbuch Skate Away with Wins in Sun Valley SuperTour 5/10k Interval Start Free


"Little Bo Peep lost her shape, and doesn't know how to skip count..." Oops, that's not right at all. Your child needs to fix this nursery rhyme, using skip counting to reveal a dot-to-dot clue.
Little maths monkeys will have fun swinging through the trees as they practise skip counting by 5! This is a great way to prepare for multiplication.


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Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapy
Internal Family Systems (IFS) is a popular form of psychotherapy that takes an integrative approach, assuming each individual has a variety of subpersonalities, or "parts" in their system. The goal of IFS is to facilitate healing through a client getting to know, understand, and work with these various parts.
According to IFS Institute, there are five basic assumptions of the IFS model, including:
"It is the nature of the mind to be subdivided into an indeterminate number of subpersonalities or parts.
Everyone has a Self, and the Self can and should lead the individual's internal system.
The non-extreme intention of each part is something positive for the individual. There are no "bad" parts, and the goal of therapy is not to eliminate parts but instead to help them find their non-extreme roles.
As we develop, our parts develop and form a complex system of interactions among themselves; therefore, systems theory can be applied to the internal system. When the system is reorganized, parts can change rapidly.
Changes in the internal system will affect changes in the external system and vice versa. The implication of this assumption is that both the internal and external levels of system should be assessed."
Internal Family Systems can be used to treat individuals, couples, or families, and this evidence-based approach has been shown to effectively treat anxiety, depression, phobias, eating disorders, physical pain and health conditions, substance dependency and addiction, and more.
History of Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapy
Internal Family Systems therapy was founded in the early 1990s by American psychotherapist, Richard Schwartz. Dr. Schwartz developed Internal Family Systems after noticing that in his psychotherapeutic work, clients often described a sense of having various subpersonalities, or "parts," within themselves. He studied this closely with his clients and began to focus on the patterns of interaction and relationships between these internal parts. He then identified and labeled common parts he noticed in many individuals, including "Managers," "Exiles," and "Firefighters," along with the "Self" that everyone has.
Managers are "protective" parts that run the day-to-day life of an individual and may exhibit behaviors of controlling, evaluating, caretaking, and striving.
Exiles are parts that experience anxiety, trauma, or fear, and may become isolated from the rest of the system—often by managers or firefighters—in an effort for an individual to avoid feeling pain.
Firefighters are other "protective" parts that react when exiles are activated and try to prevent a person from experiencing pain. Firefights may attempt to distract exiles in an effort to avoid feeling pain, which can lead to unhealthy behaviors such as substance abuse.
Self is described as "the absence of parts." It is a person's core being—the calm, centered, natural seat of consciousness that each person possesses.
In application, an IFS therapy session may include talk therapy, and may also include an IFS therapist guiding a client to connect with a particular part, which may be experienced as a physical sensation, visual image, or inner awareness. Exercises such as meditation or mindfulness may also be incorporated. As IFS therapy progresses, a client and their therapist will begin to develop a greater understanding of their whole internal family system—all of the parts that come up and interact with each other—while developing new ways of connecting to Self and healing and integrating parts.
Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapy For Addiction and Substance Abuse Treatment
As of 2015, Internal Family Systems has been listed on the National Registry of Evidence-Based Programs and Practices (NREPP), a searchable database of evidence-based mental health and substance abuse interventions that are scored on each outcome, in conjunction with the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA.)
IFS takes a unique approach to treating addiction. For example, IFS trainer and author Cece Sykes, LMSW describes addiction as "a systemic, unremitting inner power struggle or polarity occurring between two extremely oppositional aspects or parts of a person's personality." IFS applies an all-encompassing approach to addiction by working with an individual's parts, through which addictive behaviors and impulses can be better understood.
Addiction Treatment at Oasis Recovery
If you or a loved one is struggling with addiction or mental illness, we encourage you to reach out to the professionals at Oasis Recovery. Our treatment specialists prioritize individualized care, ensuring that every client who seeks our help receives treatment that addresses their specific wants and needs. Contact us today for more information about IFS therapy, or any of our various services. You do not have to struggle alone.
Post Tags: #addiction#internal family systems#therapy
How Dangerous is Combining Opioids and Cocaine?
What is Narcan and Can I Buy it?
What to do in the event of a Heroin Overdose
Heroin overdoses are increasingly common since the synthetic opiate fentanyl exploded onto the market in recent years. If you or someone you love abuses heroin or related opioids and opiates, it is a sensible idea to keep Narcan (naloxone) available at all times. Narcan is a life-saving medication that can revive a person who has…
Read More What to do in the event of a Heroin OverdoseContinue
Who is Most at-risk for Alcoholism?
According to a 2019 study from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 14.5 million Americans ages 12 and older were living with alcohol use disorder — also known as Alcoholism. Although not all people who drink alcohol have alcoholism, research shows that certain demographics are more at risk to develop alcoholism than others….
Read More Who is Most at-risk for Alcoholism?Continue
Is Heroin Or Fentanyl More Dangerous?
All drugs are dangerous in one way or another, but which drug is more dangerous: Heroin or Fentanyl? Keep reading to learn more about the differences between the two opioids, how hard it is to quit, and what withdrawal symptoms both types of opioids can cause. Heroin and Fentanyl: The Basics Heroin and Fentanyl are…
Read More Is Heroin Or Fentanyl More Dangerous?Continue
5 Celebrities who have Struggled with Addiction
It's tempting to judge celebrities more harshly for their struggles with drug abuse and recovery because of their success. When it comes down to it, celebrities have the same problems as everyone else. What can make the life of a celebrity harder is that much of what they do comes under public scrutiny. With people…
Read More 5 Celebrities who have Struggled with AddictionContinue
Purple Drank Haze: The Lean Drink Craze
Purple Drank will " Knock you out, make you fall asleep when you're on them wheels ain't no doubt…" These are a few lyrics from the song "Sippin on sizzurp" by Three 6 Mafia, with over 9 million views on youtube. It is one of many instances in pop culture bringing this new lean craze…
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Maurilia iconica är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Walker 1857. Maurilia iconica ingår i släktet Maurilia och familjen trågspinnare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Trågspinnare
iconica

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia