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Improving rights of Dalit, Excluded and Indigenous Communities
NU aims to promote rights, cultural diversity and improve the quality of life of the most excluded and marginalized communities of Bangladesh, including Dalits and indigenous peoples. Around 6.5 milions of Dalit peoples in Bangladesh are facing discrimination in all aspects of life though they have a significant role in the country's economic, environment and social development. Along state's recognition of their identity, this community lacks basic provisions like food, water, shelter and education. NU supports Dalit led CSOs and individuals to their struggle and movement for realizing their rights and entitlements. NU helped organizing a national platform of Dalit led CSOs – Bangladesh Dalit and Excluded Rights Movement (BDERM), for collective movement for the rights across the country. NU also helped BDERM to gain international recognition and support to their cause as well as advocacy at UN level. NU also has specific intervention for the rights of other marginalized community like Indigenous Peoples of the plain land and Linguistic Minority.
Provisions and Strategies
Advocate and lobby government to formulate and implementation of laws and policies and improve facilities for excluded communities
To strengthen the capacity, sustainability and welfare of CSOs and individuals of excluded groups
Provide enabling condition for the CSOs to communicate with government and non-government agencies to promote their rights
Promote Human Rights Defenders among the excluded community to fight for their rights
Advocacy and lobby at international and UN level
Support conservation of language, traditions, and culture of excluded
Create positive attitude towards Dalits and indigenous peoples in the public sphere though education and awareness campaigns


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By Jan Hoek
The purchase of my first digital camera meant the sudden end of any inhibitions I still had when it comes to taking pictures. It marked the beginning, however, of my transformation into a full-time Japanese tourist, relentlessly clicking at the sight of anything even remotely close to being interesting. It resulted in an endless amount of photos of endearing kitties in the streets, women with big butts walking ahead of you, of yourself in every setting imaginable in this world, of everybody you have talked to for longer than five minutes and of your own legs on the bed of your hotel room. Suddenly I had a picture of everything. Which, of course, seems very nice, but isn't.
I remember only taking two 24-shot film rolls with me for a month's vacation. Was the rice served on our plates in the shape of a little bear worth a picture or not? Now I thoughtlessly take twenty in one go, assuming that the ideal picture will surely be among them in due time. The euphoria of taking as many pictures as you like has long faded now, although I shall never again be able to go back to limited photographing with film rolls, it's simply too late for that. What I had to figure out, then, was a new way of handling my digital camera.
My first priority was to bring some order into my picture archive, which already consisted of thousands of photos. I decided upon a Flickr account. For all of you who have been living underneath a rock: Flickr is a website on which people manage and share their photo collections, making it also the world's biggest online photo archive. About five thousand new pictures are uploaded every second and the total amount of photos is estimated at around 300.000.000.
Putting my archive online, thereby making it freely accessible to anyone, even my potential future loved one (you never know), made me look at my pictures critically again, eventually uploading only my best photos. A collection appeared that, with regards to selectivity, equaled the one that would have resulted if I had shot on film.
But something else happened as well. Pictures that I had shot out of sheer boredom, such as the photo of my own hairy legs, on a bed with a pink flowered sheets in a sad hotel (in which I stayed all by myself since I had to attend a boring congress in Bergen op Zoom), appeared to have survived the selection process.
It was a picture I would have never shot if it had required any thought, but which I found interesting nevertheless by virtue of the immense sadness that spoke from it.
A couple of days later I received an email. On Flickr there are different groups that gather photos around a theme. I was emailed by the administrator of the group 'Sitting in my Hotel Room' asking me if I would add the photo to the group. I took a look first, finding almost two thousand pictures taken by people alone in their hotel rooms. Most of these were very ugly, uninteresting pictures by themselves. For example, some show only a television screen with a painting of a mountain landscape above it, or a view of a city full of skyscrapers, captured from the hotel window. Pictures that look like you have seen them a thousand times before, and many of them are of very poor quality.
Nevertheless, something magical happened when I saw all these photos together. All of a sudden I could see the thousands, millions of people before my eyes who spend every night somewhere in an anonymous hotel, alone in the world except for the company of their digital cameras. By seeing all these photos together the sadness was enormously magnified, for in this photo archive the world seems to contain lonely hotel guests solely. At the same time it consoles: all these people are not alone, but convene on this site.
I found another group that fit the same picture: 'Bored Leg Cult'. In this group one mainly finds photos of people who took pictures of their legs everywhere in the world, sometimes standing, mostly lying down and, for obvious reasons, always without torso. Interesting was how this group completely changed the context of that same picture. In the midst of all the hotel pictures it became a sad picture, but in this group, among all those other legs severed from their bodies, it became happy and funny.
It quickly transpired that I could find groups for almost all my photos. There are groups for pictures of dogs photographed as humans; deserted shopping carts; food items eating themselves; cats with hats; the colour red; people with aids; you name it and there's a group for it. And the strange thing is that every time I added a photo, the context changed completely. The photo is no longer autonomous, but part of a series. How else to interpret my picture of a shopping cart left behind in a field when seen among more than a thousand pictures of carts in deserts, marshy canals, gorgeous beaches or hanging from trees?
And thus a collection emerges that a sole photographer would have never been able to make, because who manages to find so many shopping carts? A collection that consists only out of pictures that might have been shot without much thought, and yet all of them together create something bigger.
Tags: visual research,	collections,	Flickr,	snapshots
Related: Wrapped buildings,	Feet on photos
By Gilles de Brock & Ruben Verkuylen
Imagine, you live in the 14th century, and somebody tells you the printing press will be a catalyst in a scientific revolution. You would probably think this person is exaggerating. You do understand the principle of reproduction and distribution of thought, that's not the problem. However, you can't imagine that such a simple thing as a change in medium can have such a profound impact.
The inability to understand the transition to a newer medium can have severe consequences. From the moment the printing press made its first appearance a new group of disadvantaged became apparent, the illiterate. This group was unable to read, spell and write and could therefore not interpret the new medium. For them the world became more and more a place they could not understand.
In the 21st century not only the illiterate are the ones that are unable to understand the new current medium. A new group is created, those who cannot understand an ever changing medium. With the arrival of the internet it becomes relevant to ask if a human being and the graphic designer can really cope with an ever such changing medium.
The modern illiterate
There is a new group of disadvantaged because of the nature of a developing or established medium. This, in essence, is what happens with every new medium, as it asks of its user to undergo a process of unlearning and learning. Besides vocal language, people had to learn how to interpret written language, they had to unlearn to write the same as they spoke, not to mention any refinements that were expected along the way .
What happens if a new medium is introduced that is not only different from its predecessor but also constantly changing? The process of learning and unlearning becomes a constant state. Alvin Toffler wrote the following about this:
If we take a look at which medium might be the biggest change for the printed word, the internet is likely to be picked. Our environment is more and more designed for quick communication in which we are hardly limited to geographical location; our social relations are maintained by platforms and applications, and the amount of people that use smartphones, tablets and laptops is growing exponentially. All developments largely dependent on the internet.
With our daily and sometimes even uninterrupted use we'd like to think that we also understand. We use a smartphone so we "are" on the internet, we use google so we use the internet. But do we truly understand what internet is? Is using applications that are on the internet the same as understanding? Maybe we are fooling ourselves, and maybe we are the new generation that does not understand its environment. And perhaps worse: we aren't even noticing it.
From solid to liquid
An important cause of if we do or do not understand the internet is most likely the wrong interpretation of its nature. Up until we had internet all our media was invariable, as soon as they were produced. A book, newspaper, flyer or poster: as soon as they are produced they are solid. The internet on the other hand is not solid at all. For example news-websites can add and change content at any moment of the day. If you look at a news website you merely see a snapshot of an ever changing image. But if internet knows no solid state which state does it have then? Maybe liquid?
In core the difference between solid and liquid is easily described, however it is very clearly defined by Zygmunt Bauman "[...] in simple language [...] liquids, unlike solids, cannot easily hold their shape. Fluids, so to speak, neither fix space nor bind time. While solids have clear spatial dimensions but neutralize the impact, and thus downgrade the significance, of time (effectively resist its flow or render it irrelevant), fluids do not keep to any shape for long and are constantly ready (and prone) to change it; and so for them it is the flow of time that counts, more than the space they happen to occupy: that space, after all, they fill but 'for a moment'."
Not only the visual qualities but also time plays an indispensable role. A picture of a liquid form needs a time indication, because when the picture is taken, the liquid form has already changed. A solid shape however is hardly affected by time. As easy as liquid shapes change they manoeuvre around solid shapes and hardly feel impact. They can 'flow', 'spill', 'run out', 'splash', 'pour over', 'leak', 'flood', 'spray', 'drip', 'seep' and 'ooze'. Even better, just as it takes energy to hold a liquid form stationary, it takes energy to make a solid form move.
The comparison between solid and liquid is highly relevant when we are talking about internet. The internet doesn't know the solidness as we have known in media up to now. The internet does not feel any friction when being moved: it flows from one side of the world towards the other in a fraction of a second. Images can be duplicated with a friction that is almost negligible. News-reports don't have a specific moment in time: they are only snapshots of a liquid form.
The underestimation of changes and their impact, and the wrong interpretation of the nature of the internet, can have profound effects, as Toffler indicated: the rise of a new generation that can't interpret the media around itself. Especially because of these factors it is very important to address a group that is extremely dependent on the medium of this time and its interpretation: the graphic designer.
The printing press was on its own nothing more than a technique; it was the human who by a (specific) implementation gave value to it. He duplicated documents, made books, made posters, flyers and derivatives. From this development the graphic designer evolved, a person who has the task to visualise a message in the media of its time.
Here arises a paradox: the graphic designer is rooted in history of solid forms, but it's his task to use the medium of nowadays which is mainly liquid. Because the medium is so different, omnipresent and growing, it is the graphic designer who should critically review himself. The graphic designer must go from solid (static) design towards liquid design. We shouldn't learn to write and read differently in order not to become subordinated; we need to learn a skill to handle the constantly changing state of our new media. This is not a simple task for a graphic designer, because he is inclined to think in terms of solidity, rules and grids. It is almost an inhumane transition. It is in our nature to think in heuristics in order to make our daily life manageable: who are and are not our friends, what I do and do not like, etc.
Maybe the transition to liquid design is still ungraspable and we should take a step back and realise that we underestimated the internet, it's nature and impact. Even language limits us.
Comprehending, grasping, materialising are conceivable descriptions of a change in thinking in which statements are still made in terms of solidity.
Factors like these make it an excellent task for a graphic designer to rove the internet in a visual way. By not only understanding it and holding it down but also by letting it 'flow', 'drip' and 'ooze'.
Liquid Design resulted out of his graduation project The New Public Space where he researches the interesting interaction between the rapidly changing media and graphic design which depends so heavily on it. The text is researched by Gilles and written together with Ruben Verkuylen.
Alvin Toffler, Rethinking the Future, London, 2008
Zygmunt Bauman, Liquid Modernity, Cambridge, 2000
Tags: control,	digital innovation ,	media avalanche,	internet,	snapshots
By Hanne Hagenaars
During the sixties and seventies, many Surinamese people made their way to The Netherlands. One of these was Clifton.
In Holland, the Surinamese introduced us to a whole range of novelties: besides peanut soup, an exotic new vocabulary, different perspectives on life, swinging rhythms; moreover, they presented us with a remarkable fashion sense. I became acquainted with Clifton the through the visual artist Saskia Jansen. At the time, he was living on the streets and always carried a bag under his arm in which he kept his photo albums. He entered the room carrying his brown briefcase, unzipped it and placed five photo albums on my desk.
In every photo, Clifton was to be seen striking a pose with great care, in various settings from his first communion to a party in the homeless shelter a few months earlier.
The photos document his life like a sample card of the fashions and music genres of the last decades.
Clifton as Ray Charles, Boney-M's Bobby Farell, as Lenny Kravitz, Michael Jackson, Milli Vanilli. Wearing a high-tech sliver body warmer with built-in speakers, or a bright yellow shirt standing next to a bright yellow mailbox.
Clifton wears a different outfit every day, and he's been doing so for his whole life; as a child, as a visitor to Paradiso, regardless of whether he had a roof over his head. Always a different outfit, without fail.
Tags: Surinam,	snapshots,	black style,	clothing

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: VS 2008 MULTI LAYERS C# project gives error on opening I have a [MULTI LAYERS] project built on VS2008, Last week the project was running and opening without any problem, But now when I try to open it, an error message appear:

If I click OK or close the message box, no projects in the solution will load like this:

And in the Registry, The path 'HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\MSBuild' contains:

Please Help me and thank you.

A: Tools Version 14 refers to the version used by Visual Studio 2015 - sounds as though the project file has been upgraded to a 2015 project.

A: After many attempts I found the solution by download and install MSBuild Tools for VS 2015 from the following link
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/download/confirmation.aspx?id=48159

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Willard Boepple Sculpture: The Sense of Things surveys the mature work of one of the most original and compelling abstract sculptors working today. The art Boepple has produced since the 1970s focuses on corporeal proportions and allusions, evoking the human body metaphorically rather than via direct figuration.
This, the first monograph on Willard Boepple, locates the artist's work within the context of modernist constructed sculpture. It pays particular attention to Boepple's chosen ancestors and sources and his relationship with his peers, in order to emphasize the originality of his sculpture. An in-depth, illustrated exploration of Boepple's most achieved abstract sculptures in various media and scales, from the 1980s to the present, is complemented by discussion of pivotal earlier works and a recent series of monoprints, highlighting the persistence of particular themes and motifs and the full, broad range of Boepple's artistic concerns.
This insightful yet accessible book will appeal to all those interested in sculpture and contemporary manifestations of modernism, including collectors, museum professionals and visitors, students and artists.


I stopped smoking about a year ago and have picked up lots of weight. I am now exercising and not seeing any results.
I do a hour cardio every day and eat healthy, but still no results.
I am not expecting results in a flash, but after 3 weeks of cardio i should have atleast lost 1kg or 2.
I eat 6 small meals a day, drink lots of water and i am on the run all day long.
Not necessarily, you might be setting the wrong goal for yourself, because a lot of people find that they don't lose weight in the first 4 to 6 weeks. It's quite difficult actually, to do this, because you'll be gaining muscle at the same time and if you simply weigh yourself, you miss the changes.
Other than this, which i explain more below, it's impossible to say because I don't know what you're doing in training, or how it's going. So I can only speak in general terms.
In terms of diet, be aware that people often subconsciously increase the energy intake when training harder. Let's say you train harder and use a few hundred more calories a day - you have a little more to eat or drink, and it means that the balance is still there as if you didn't train harder. I am not saying you should count calories, I think that is risky and hazardous at best, but I would say be aware of what you are eating. The other thing that often happens, is that because you are now exercising every day, you might take it a little easier during the rest of the day. In otherwords, you may be a little less active outside of the gym, either because you are subconsciously trying to save energy, or because you are actually very tired from training and don't get around as much. Either way, you are likely to use less energy, and that may even cancel out the effect of training.
Finally, the most likely issue - any form of training will increase muscle mass. People seem to have a conception that weight training causes muscle mass to rise, and cardio training burns fat. While this is largely true, you must remember that there is considerable overlap. So, let's say you are cycling, this means that if you are cycling along at 90 revs per minute this basically means that you are doing 90 contractions of the muscle per minute. Do this for 10 minutes and you have 900 muscle contractions, and so even though the force per contraction is low, you will still build some muscle. What i am saying is that even though you are not doing only weight training, it's still feasible that you will gain some muscle by doing cardio.
Very importantly though, this is nothing to worry about. In fact, it's a good thing, and I guess the bottom line is that you must really focus on how fit you are, how you are feeling and perhaps how you are looking, rather than on the scale. Even aiming for centimeters can be misleading, especially early on, because it takes much longer and can be a little bit of a futile and very frustrating goal. So my advice is really to go for fitness - try to get faster and fitter on those cardio sessions and the results will take care of themselves.
I known it is frustrating but just be patient. I only do cardio as well and didn' t see results in the beginning. Just keep on doing what you' re doing.
If I may give you the best tip for slimmers, I would tell you to chuck your scale.
I have personally lost 17kg' s over a period of 9 months. I weighed myself in the begining when I started in April of last year, and since then I have only seen my weight once when I went to the clinic. Be careful of getting obsessed with the scale.
Carry on with what you are doing, and you will notice the difference as your clothes become too big for you, and fall off you. It' s an awesome feeling.


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Fire weapons in this day and age, have become a common sight to many armies of the world. Heavily used by the Shogun empire, it is quite obvious to see the pure destructive power of a flammable jet-stream to infantry and light vehicles.
However, the United republic for a period of time, did not want to use such a hideous weapon on its enemies due to the agonizing pains a soldier feels when being burned alive. This was of course changed drastically during the offset of the Latin Junta revolts, when the Federal army had to trudge through nightmarish jungles with all sorts of crazy plants, insects, and extremely thick trees. The Final straw that resulted in the development of a Fire tank was the Junta's Use of Chemical Buses.
Using the chassis of the "Sherman" battle tank, the Zippo was basically a revised Sherman battle tank with its 75mm cannon replaced with a british "ronson" Flamethrower. It also mounted a pair of Armored fuel tanks on top of its engine filled with Compressed Nitrogen in one and a mix of Petroleum and resin in the other to create a Highly flammable liquid that sticks and burns to anything it touches.
It unfortunately came at a great cost.
Despite being only slightly more expensive than a Sherman, The Sherman "zippo" was extremely expensive to maintain because of its Flammable mixture; at least 5 times more costly than maintaining 8 battle tanks. Coupled with the public actively denouncing its use much like the Bell's Nerve gas, the republic wanted to scrap the idea. However, the Federal army could not deny its soldiers need for Zippo or the Power of the one they developed, so it was instead manufactured at its bare minimum, not utilizing the powerhouse of civilian factories, and shipped in secret.
To this day, it remains a rare tank for purchase by Republic commanders,waiting for the day that the Zippo becomes Standardized.
The Zippo, is a Rare unit fielded by UR commanders for its obvious ability to spit the fires of hell at its enemies. While not as great compared to Crocodile Tanks, or Shogun Flame tanks. It is No doubt, a Armored tank with the ability to Burn infantry, light vehicles, and beasts.
Because of its rarity, There is no actual standard price, and can only be obtained as a "daily deal." But once you get it, it is worth every bit of gold sunk into obtaining it.
Costing 4 gears, and 4 commands, this unit is not cheap to field either.
So keep in mind how you use it. Its Mobility is somehow greater than a standard battle tank, probably because of its short range being similar to a G.I. Its Pure destructive power is deadly to infantry, Beasts, and Light vehicles similar to rending damage but afflicting beasts more. However it is exactly the same health as a Regular Battle tank. 250 HP, so it WILL be destroyed very easily should it come in contact with dedicated Anti tank. And should it be destroyed, it leaves a pool of fire and damages anything around it so its best not to be next to it at all times.
My strategy is that you should utilize the Zippo's mobility to be able to close the distance and chase down light vehicles that attempt to run, however you should always maintain a scout for the Zippo, a pair of bells or a Jeep so that if you decide to charge the Zippo into your enemies, you can determine if they have Anti tank infantry or Tanks to ruin this expensive unit. However, if its really about to die... Don't be afraid to charge it in to your enemies lines, if your opponent is experienced, he will move and open up holes in his defense for you to exploit before he destroys your tank. If not...then he might just shoot the tank and kill/damage anything around it...AND have to deal with a fire wall.


InterClimate Network delivers messages from young people across the UK to decision-makers about action on climate change. Creative, ambitious, hopeful or angry, these voices are a vital contribution to the debate and urge decision-makers of today to take action to keep global temperature rises below 2°C.
The simple and versatile Speak Up! resource helps young people creatively gather their visions for a sustainable future, and their views about how decision-makers should act.
Download our free (PDF) Speak Up! resource here, and simply follow the steps.


My sister and her husband, Joe, came to visit us.
We had our "halfway" ultrasound and discovered that baby #2 is a girl!
Cooper discovered the joys of Halloween and helped us not feel so curmudgeonly about the holiday.
Not even the uncharacteristic amounts of snow were able to get us down this past month. Perhaps October is making a comeback.
I am glad that you have enjoyed your October! We sure enjoyed it!