text:
Indian Journal of Medical Microbiology Home
EDITORIAL [Download PDF]
Year : 2019 | Volume : 37 | Issue : 1 | Page : 1--4
Vaccines as a tool to contain antimicrobial resistance
Rajesh Bhatia
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia Region, New Delhi - 110 002, India
WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia Region, New Delhi - 110 002
Bhatia R. Vaccines as a tool to contain antimicrobial resistance.Indian J Med Microbiol 2019;37:1-4
Bhatia R. Vaccines as a tool to contain antimicrobial resistance. Indian J Med Microbiol [serial online] 2019 [cited 2020 Jan 19 ];37:1-4
Available from: http://www.ijmm.org/text.asp?2019/37/1/1/264493
Antimicrobial agents, commonly called as antibiotics, and vaccines have been two cost-effective and proven technological tools that revolutionised humanity's battle with infectious diseases. The impact of these interventions has been phenomenal in reducing mortality and morbidity across the world. These are widely hailed as the two greatest accomplishments of modern medicine which have saved the most lives globally.[1]
Both the vaccines and the antibiotics act against causative agents of infectious diseases. However, their mechanisms of action and some other characteristics differ. Antibiotics are therapeutic tools, and vaccines are preventive that have been responsible for elimination/eradication. Antibiotics are short-acting tools and vaccines accord long-duration memory. The combination of these tools has been phenomenally successful in containing infectious diseases.
These two tools, along with sanitation and safe water, brought down significantly the incidence of infectious diseases during the last century in many developed countries. The success was mainly due to the continuous development of newer and efficacious antibiotics during the 1960s. Impressed with the impact of antibiotics, the then Surgeon General of the USA made a famous statement[2] that the 'time has come to close the book on infectious diseases.' However, as we know, it was not to be. Infectious diseases continue to be major individual and public health challenges in most countries of the world. Two reasons for this are survival instinct of bacteria and indiscriminate the use of antibiotics, which is the greatest driver of making bacteria resistant.
The survival instinct in bacteria generated several mechanisms in bacteria that conferred resistance to antibiotics.[3] The resistance also started appearing rapidly and cumulatively giving rise to multi-antibiotic-resistant variants. Although a large number of antibiotics were discovered during the past eight decades, resistant has emerged to almost all of these.[4]
Antimicrobial Resistance and Its Implications for Human Health and Development
This antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been defined as unresponsiveness to antibiotics when administered in standard doses. It has serious implications for a patient,[5] treating physician and health system as management of diseases due to resistant pathogens is difficult, expensive, prolonged and negates the impact of modern complex surgeries [Table 1].{Table 1}
The implications of AMR are huge at global level, adversely impacting the human development. The cost of inaction to contain AMR has been quantified. As compared to current estimated 700,000 annual deaths due to resistant pathogens,[6] around 10 million people will succumb annually to diseases due to resistant pathogen by 2050[7] if no concerted actions are initiated now. This number shall be greater than those who will die due to road accidents and cancers put together. Within the same time frame, global gross domestic product will decrease by 3.5% and a cumulative financial loss of USD 100 trillion is anticipated.[7] The World Bank[8] has warned that AMR has the potential to reduce livestock production by 7.5%, thus impacting global food security. An additional 28 million people will be pushed below the poverty line, and global exports will also suffer a serious setback of reduction of 3.8% by 2050.[8]
The global action plan on AMR,[9] developed by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and endorsed by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,[10] World Organization for Animal Health[11] and the United Nations General Assembly,[12] proposes a strategic road map to combat AMR. It includes surveillance, awareness, rational use of antibiotics, infection prevention and control and research. It also emphasises on implementing all those measures that reduce the burden of infectious diseases. Vaccines can play a critical role in reducing the burden of diseases as well as that of resistant pathogens.
Potential Role of Vaccines in Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance
Vaccines have huge potential in reducing AMR [Figure 1] directly and indirectly by reducing the burden of pathogens including the resistant subpopulations, the transfer of genetic material encoding resistance between different organisms, diminishing the virulence of few pathogens (e.g., Bordetella pertussis) and at times conferring herd protection even in the unvaccinated population. Thus, the spread of antimicrobial-resistant infections is also restricted.[13]{Figure 1}
Through these actions, vaccines significantly reduce the use of antibiotics by preventing bacterial infections and viral infections (such as measles, influenza and varicella), for which bacterial secondary infections are common. Vaccines also reduce the misuse of antibiotics by preventing viral diseases, for which antibiotics are inappropriately prescribed, including influenza and rotavirus diarrhoea.
Extensive use of several of these vaccines has successfully demonstrated above-mentioned benefits of vaccination against bacterial and viral diseases.
Impact of Bacterial Vaccines on Disease Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance
Bacterial meningitis and related diseases due to Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae have been dramatically reduced in several countries with significant coverage with respective polysaccharide vaccines that have been conjugated with products of diphtheria or tetanus bacteria to induce longer and stronger immunity.
A meta-analysis of AMR in meningococci in Africa had shown the prevalence of resistance to penicillin (17.9%), chloramphenicol (4.6%) and co-trimoxazole (50.1%).[14] A vaccine was created using the diseases causing strain of meningococcus serogroup A and used extensively in several African countries. It reduced meningitis due to the serogroup A N. meningitidis by 99% in the countries that opted to use it to immunise younger children.[15] The number of meningitis epidemics at district level reduced by 60% following vaccination.[16] This vaccine also decreased bacterial carriage and induced herd immunity.[15] Before 1990, H. influenza e Type b had started exhibiting resistance to commonly used antibiotics, especially ampicillin, forcing the use of chloramphenicol and cephalosporins for empirical treatment of meningitis. The vaccination not only reduced disease burden but also pre-empted the continuing evolution of AMR, including a major impact on unvaccinated persons through herd immunity.[17]
Meningitis and related bacterial infections due to H. influenzae Type b were also substantially reduced in several countries with the introduction and extensive coverage of its vaccine.[18] In Italy, H. influenzae Type b conjugate vaccine with an uptake of >95% by 2011 could reduce the rate of hospitalisation due to invasive disease from 2.3 in 2001 to 0.9 × 100,000 among children 1–4 years and from 5.4 in 2001 to 2.4 × 100,000 among infants.[18] In Gambia, invasive disease due to H. influenzae Type b was almost eliminated following the introduction of the H. influenzae Type b conjugate vaccine.[19]
Extensive work has been documented to demonstrate the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) in reducing the prevalence of diseases due to this organism, reduction in the use of antibiotics and drug-resistant pathogens. With a vaccine coverage of 94%, Iceland showed a high efficacy of the vaccination on vaccine serotypes. It also demonstrated a milder effect on vaccine-associated-serotype 6A. Importantly, there was a significant herd effect on vaccine types in older non-vaccine-eligible children. Overall, antimicrobial non-susceptibility was also reduced.[20]
In Northern California, introduction of a PCV prevented 35 antibiotic prescriptions per 100 vaccinated children, suggesting that 1.4 million antibiotic prescriptions per year are preventable with PCV in the USA.[21] Similarly, in the USA, after the introduction of PCV into the routine childhood immunisation programme, the incidence of penicillin non-susceptible invasive pneumococcal disease decreased by 81% in children younger than 2 years.[22]
Using PCV9, invasive pneumococcal disease due to penicillin-resistant pneumococci and co-trimoxazole-resistant pneumococci was reduced in South Africa by 67% and 56% as compared to unvaccinated control population.[23] With PCV7, Japan could reduce the proportion of penicillin-resistant isolates of pneumococci by 54.7%.[24]
Typhoid fever continues to be a major global public health problem, especially in developing countries. Appearance and accumulation of resistance to commonly used and affordable antibiotics are making its management challenging. It is estimated that around 15 million cases of typhoid fever occur every year.[25]
Multidrug resistance has been rampant in typhoid bacilli[26] and is likely to accentuate in days to come. The WHO opines that the multidrug-resistant typhoid bacilli cause more severe illness, greater mortality and prolonged asymptomatic carrier status.[27]
Three vaccines are currently available against typhoid fever. These include an oral Ty21a vaccine and an injectable which comprises Vi polysaccharide. A tetanus toxoid conjugated Vi vaccine that has recently been produced in India and prequalified by the WHO in 2017 can be administered even to children in 6 months–2 years age group.[28] The reason ascribed for their limited use in the developing countries is their not-so-optimal efficacy which ranges between 50% and 60%. However, recent mathematical models have shown that a vaccine coverage of around >80% with vaccination of populations such as 9 months, 6 years and 12 years old should lead to a >85% reduction in typhoid incidence.[28] In another study, it has been postulated that with 80% vaccination coverage, 44% of the total cases were averted over 10 years. Vaccination also decreased both the total number and proportion of chronic carriers of antimicrobial-resistant infections.[29]
There is obviously a great need to rethink and deploy these vaccines in the national immunisation programmes in enteric fever endemic countries to reduce the burden of typhoid fever as well as drug resistance associated with it.
Impact of Viral Vaccines on Disease Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance
Measles has been responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, mainly because of secondary bacterial infections of the gastrointestinal and respiratory tract, many of which may be due to antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Measles vaccination is one of the most cost-effective health interventions ever developed. Without the vaccine, five million children would die each year from measles, assuming an estimated case, fatality rate of 2%–3%.[30]
Measles vaccine has averted ≥21 million deaths of children between 2000 and 2017.[31] In a multicountry study, measles vaccination was associated with reduction in acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases by 15%–30% in India and Pakistan, and diarrhoea cases by 12%–22% in the Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Nigeria and Pakistan.[32] Prevention of superinfections has reduced burden of bacterial infections and associated AMR.
Viral ARIs influenza vaccines not only prevent viral pathogenesis but also prevent secondary bacterial infections as well as the administration of antibiotics. A study conducted in Canada demonstrated that influenza-associated antibiotic prescriptions declined by >64% after the introduction of influenza vaccination in Ontario.[33] Similarly, in a multicentric trial in Europe, 50% reduction in antibiotic use was observed in children receiving influenza vaccine vis-a-vis unvaccinated controls.[13] The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) estimates that for the 2016–2017 flu season, influenza vaccination of 47% population prevented an estimated 5.3 million illnesses in the USA. An addition of 5% coverage in vaccination rate could have prevented another 483,000 influenza illnesses in the USA.[34]
Rotavirus vaccines are now available across the world. Their efficacy has been estimated to be 70%.[35] India has also launched the vaccination of children in selected areas. It is hoped that it will reduce not only hospitalisation, morbidity and mortality due to rotavirus infections, but also have an impact on reduction in the use of antibiotics for acute diarrhoea in children.
Challenges and Way Forward
Role of vaccines in reducing the burden of infectious diseases and antibiotic-resistant pathogens has been well established. However, vaccines are not available for several important pathogens. The WHO and CDC have identified several pathogens which are important causes of community-acquired or healthcare-associated infections including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter, Klebsiella, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Clostridium difficile, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis and requires research, discovery and development of new tools on priority.[36],[37] Unfortunately, no vaccine is available against any of these pathogens, while few are in varying stages of development and clinical trials.[7]
Better use of available vaccines is also a challenge. Community awareness is not optimal because of lack of awareness, social resistance and unfounded apprehensions of adverse reactions.[38] The improvement in coverage, expansion of spectrum of vaccines package and active engagement with communities is key to success in reducing disease burden and AMR. This needs a multipronged action by policy makers, professionals, researchers and communities and will go a long way in the global fight against AMR.[39]
1 Lipsitch M, Siber GR. How can vaccines contribute to solving the antimicrobial resistance problem? MBio 2016;7:e428.
2 Upshor R. Ethics and infectious diseases. Bull World Health Organ 2008;86:654.
3 Dever LA, Dermody TS. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Arch Intern Med 1991;151:886-95.
4 Ventola CL. The antibiotic resistance crisis: Part 1: Causes and threats.PT 2015;40:277-83.
5 Bhatia R, Narain JP. The growing challenge of antimicrobial resistance in the south-East Asia region – Are we losing the battle? Indian J Med Res 2010;132:482-6.
6 Jasovský D, Littmann J, Zorzet A, Cars O. Antimicrobial resistance-a threat to the world's sustainable development. Ups J Med Sci 2016;121:159-64.
7 The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance. The Antimicrobial Resistance: Tackling a Crisis for the Health and Wealth of Countries; 2014. Available from: https://amrreview.org/sites/default/files/160525_Final%20paper_with%20cover.pdf. [Last accessed on 2018 Oct 11].
8 World Bank. 2016. Available from: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2016/09/18/by-2050-drug-resistant- infections-could-cause-global-economic-damage-on-par-with-2008 -financial-crisis. [Last accessed on 2018 Oct 10].
9 WHO. Global Action Plan on AMR; 2015. Available from: https://www.who.int/antimicrobial resistance/global-action-plan/en. [Last accessed on 2019 Mar 12].
10 The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Antimicrobial Resistance. Available from: http://www.fao.org/antimicrobial-resistance/en. [Last accessed on 2018 Oct 02].
11 World Organization for Animal Health. Available from: http://www.oie.int/fileadmin/Home/fr/Our_scientific_expertise/docs/pdf/AMR/Survey_on_monitoring_antimicrobial_agents_Dec2016.pdf. [Last accessed on 2018 Oct 23].
12 World Health Organization. At UN, Global Leaders Commit to Act on Antimicrobial Resistance. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/commitment-antimicrobial-resistance/en. [Last accessed on 2018 Oct 13].
13 Klugman KP, Black S. Impact of existing vaccines in reducing antibiotic resistance: Primary and secondary effects. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018;115:12896-901.
14 Bernabé KJ, Langendorf C, Ford N, Ronat JB, Murphy RA. Antimicrobial resistance in West Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2017;50:629-39.
15 MenAfriNet. Meningococcal Vaccine. Available from: http://www.menafrinet.org/en-us/What/Meningitis/Vaccines. [Last accessed on 2019 Apr 01].
16 Stuart JM. Impact of serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine for Africa. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018;14:1116-7.
17 Peltola H, Aavitsland P, Hansen KG, Jónsdóttir KE, Nøkleby H, Romanus V, et al. Perspective: A five-country analysis of the impact of four different Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugates and vaccination strategies in Scandinavia. J Infect Dis 1999;179:223-9.
18 Martinelli D, Azzari C, Bonanni P, Esposito S, Franco E, Icardi G, et al. Impact of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination on hospitalization for invasive disease in children fifteen years after its introduction in Italy. Vaccine 2017;35:6297-301.
19 Adegbola RA, Secka O, Lahai G, Lloyd-Evans N, Njie A, Usen S, et al. Elimination of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease from the Gambia after the introduction of routine immunisation with a hib conjugate vaccine: A prospective study. Lancet 2005;366:144-50.
20 Sigurdsson S, Erlendsdóttir H, Quirk SJ, Kristjánsson J, Hauksson K, Andrésdóttir BDI, et al. Pneumococcal vaccination: Direct and herd effect on carriage of vaccine types and antibiotic resistance in Icelandic children. Vaccine 2017;35:5242-8.
21 Fireman B, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Lee J, Lewis E, Ray P, et al. Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2003;22:10-6.
22 Kyaw MH, Lynfield R, Schaffner W, Craig AS, Hadler J, Reingold A, et al. Effect of introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 2006;354:1455-63.
23 Klugman KP, Madhi SA, Huebner RE, Kohberger R, Mbelle N, Pierce N, et al. A trial of a 9-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children with and those without HIV infection. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1341-8.
24 Chiba N, Morozumi M, Shouji M, Wajima T, Iwata S, Ubukata K, et al. Invasive pneumococcal diseases surveillance study group changes in capsule and drug resistance of pneumococci after introduction of PCV7, Japan, 2010-2013. Emerg Infect Dis 2014;20:1132-9.
25 GBD 2017 Typhoid and Paratyphoid Collaborators. The global burden of typhoid and paratyphoid fevers: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet Infect Dis 2019;19:369-81.
26 Joshi S. Antibiogram of S. enterica serovar Typhi and S. enterica serovar Paratyphi A: A multi-centre study from India. WHO South East Asia J Public Health 2012;1:182-8.
27 WHO. Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2008;83:49-59.
28 Pitzer VE, Bowles CC, Baker S, Kang G, Balaji V, Farrar JJ, et al. Predicting the impact of vaccination on the transmission dynamics of typhoid in South Asia: A mathematical modeling study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014;8:e2642.
29 Kaufhold S, Yaesoubi R, Pitzer VE. Predicting the impact of typhoid conjugate vaccines on antimicrobial resistance. Clin Infect Dis 2019;68:S96-S104.
30 Perry RT, Halsey NA. The clinical significance of measles: A review. J Infect Dis 2004;189 Suppl 1:S4-16.
31 WHO. Measles. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/measles. [Last accessed on 2019 Apr 13].
32 Bawankule R, Singh A, Kumar K, Shetye S. Does measles vaccination reduce the risk of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and diarrhea in children: A multi-country study? PLoS One 2017;12:e0169713.
33 Kwong JC, Maaten S, Upshur RE, Patrick DM, Marra F. The effect of universal influenza immunization on antibiotic prescriptions: An ecological study. Clin Infect Dis 2009;49:750-6.
34 CDC. Vaccination Remains Your Best Bet. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/features/flu/index.html. [Last accessed on 2019 Apr 12].
35 CDC. Rotavirus Vaccination. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/rotavirus/index.html. [Last accessed on 2019 Apr 07].
36 WHO. Global Priority List of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria to Guide Research, Discovery and Development of New Antibiotics. Available from: https://www.who.int/medicines/publications/WHO-PPL-Short_Summary_25Feb-ET_NM_WHO.pdf. [Last accessed on 2019 Apr 14].
37 CDC. AMR, Biggest Threats and Data. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest_threats.html. [Last accessed on 2019 Apr 14].
38 Gurnani V, Haldar P, Aggarwal MK, Das MK, Chauhan A, Murray J, et al. Improving vaccination coverage in India: Lessons from intensified mission Indradhanush, a cross-sectoral systems strengthening strategy. BMJ 2018;363:k4782.
39 Bhatia R. Antimicrobial resistance: Threat, consequences and options. Natl Med J India 2018;31:133-6.


In 2016 I had the pleasure of translating this exhibition catalog for "Donauschwäbisches Zentralmuseum" in Ulm, Germany. The exhibition features photos by Dragoljub Zamurović and the stories of so called "Danube Swabians" he photographed, Swabians or their descendants who emigrated to Eastern European countries.
It was an interesting task, both because the stories are fascinating and because there is a lot of terminology used by the "Danube Swabians" that simply doesn't have an English equivalent. The book also includes some German poetry that needed to be transferred to English. I simply enjoy doing that very much.


text:
package org.yoqu.cms.admin.modules.menu;

import com.jfinal.aop.Before;
import com.jfinal.core.ActionKey;
import com.jfinal.ext.interceptor.POST;
import com.jfinal.kit.JsonKit;
import org.json.JSONArray;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
import org.yoqu.cms.core.aop.SiteTitle;
import org.yoqu.cms.core.config.Constant;
import org.yoqu.cms.core.config.FinalBaseController;
import org.yoqu.cms.core.model.Menu;
import org.yoqu.cms.core.model.MenuType;
import org.yoqu.cms.core.util.StringUtils;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author yoqu
 * @date 2016/5/9 0009
 * @description
 */
public class MenuController extends FinalBaseController {

    public void index() {
        if (getPara() != null) {
            if (!StringUtils.isNumbervalue(getPara())) {
                renderNotFound();
            } else {
                MenuType menuType = MenuType.dao.findById(getParaToInt());
                if (menuType == null) {
                    renderNotFound();
                    return;
                }
                setAttr("menuType", menuType);
                List<Menu> menuList =Menu.dao.findAllMenuByType(menuType.getId());
                if (menuList == null) {
                    setAttr("site_title", "无数据");
                } else {
                    setAttr("site_title", menuType.getName());
                    setAttr("menuList", Menu.dao.sortMenu(menuList));
                }
                render("/admin/menu/menu.html");
            }
        } else {
            List<MenuType> menuTypeList = MenuType.dao.find("select * from menu_type where is_delete=0");
            setAttr("site_title", "菜单管理");
            setAttr("menuTypeList", menuTypeList);
            render("/admin/menu/menuList.html");
        }
    }

    public void loadMenus() {
        MenuType menuType = MenuType.dao.findById(getParaToInt("menuType"));
        List<Menu> menuList = Menu.dao.find("select * from menu where is_delete=0 and type=?", menuType.getId());
        List<Menu> newMenus = Menu.dao.sortMenu(menuList);
        JSONArray array = new JSONArray();
        newMenus.stream().forEach(item -> {
            try {
                JSONObject obj = new JSONObject(JsonKit.toJson(item));
                array.put(obj);
            } catch (JSONException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
        renderJson(array.toString());
    }

    @SiteTitle("菜单创建")
    public void create() {
        render("/admin/menu/create.html");
    }

    @Before(POST.class)
    public void doCreate() {
        MenuType menuType = getModel(MenuType.class);
        menuType.setIsDelete(0);
        if (menuType.save()) {
            redirect("/admin/menu");
        } else {
            renderJSONError("保存失败");
        }
    }

    public void doDelete() {
        if (isParaIsNumberBlank()) {
            renderJSONError("必须要带ID进来哟");
            return;
        }
        int id = getParaToInt();
        if (MenuType.dao.deleteById(id)) {
            redirect("/admin/menu");
        } else {
            renderJSONError();
        }
    }

    public void edit() {
        if (isParaIsNumberBlank())
            return;
        int menuTypId = getParaToInt();
        MenuType menuType = MenuType.dao.findByIdFirst(menuTypId);
        setAttr("menuType", menuType);
        setPageTitle(menuType.getName());
        render("/admin/menu/menuEdit.html");
    }

    public void doEdit() {
        MenuType menuType = getModel(MenuType.class);
        if (menuType.getId() != null) {
            menuType.update();
            redirect("/admin/menu");
        } else {
            renderJSONError("更新失败");
        }
    }
    /***************************菜单item操作start*************************/

    /**
     * 保存菜单排序..
     */
    public void sortMenuItem() {
        String jsonData = getPara("data");
        try {
            JSONArray arrays = new JSONArray(jsonData);
            MenuInvoke.getInstance().sortMenuItem(arrays, -1);
        } catch (JSONException e) {
            renderJSONError("json数据格式不正确.");
        }
        String id = getPara("menuType");
        renderJSONSuccess();
    }

    @ActionKey("/admin/menu/item/create")
    @SiteTitle("添加菜单项")
    public void itemCreate(){
        List<MenuType> menuTypes =MenuType.dao.findAllMenuType();
        setAttr("menuTypes",menuTypes);
        render("/admin/menu/menuItemCreate.html");
    }

    @ActionKey("/admin/menu/item/doCreate")
    @Before(POST.class)
    public void itemDoCreate(){
        Menu menu = getModel(Menu.class);
        menu.setIsDelete(0);
        menu.setFid(-1);
        if (MenuInvoke.getInstance().saveMenuItem(menu)){
            redirect("/admin/menu/"+menu.getType());
        }
        else{
            renderJSONError("保存失败");
        }
    }

    @ActionKey("/admin/menu/item/edit")
    public void itemEdit() {
        if (isParaIsNumberBlank())
            return;
        int id = getParaToInt();
        Menu menu = Menu.dao.findById(id);
        List<MenuType> menuTypes = MenuType.dao.findAllMenuType();
        setPageTitle(menu.getName());
        setAttr("menu", menu);
        setAttr("menuTypes", menuTypes);
        render("/admin/menu/menuItemEdit.html");
    }

    @ActionKey("/admin/menu/item/doEdit")
    @Before(POST.class)
    public void doItemEdit() {
        Menu menu = getModel(Menu.class);
        if (menu.getId() != null) {
            MenuInvoke.getInstance().updateMenuItem(menu);
            redirect("/admin/menu/" + menu.getType());
        }
    }
    /***************************菜单item操作end*************************/
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hello and Welcome! If you are looking at our web site it is highly likely you are engaged to be married and have started on one of life's great adventures…congratulations x.
Working primarily on weddings we provide gorgeous flowers and venue decorations for very special days. You may already have clear ideas on how you would like your wedding flowers to enhance your day so let the team at Love & Light* turn those ideas into reality.
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Love & Light, Proudly powered by WordPress.


text:
SAINT MARK'S EPISCOPAL CHURCH
Episcopal Church in Charleston, SC
The Diocese of South Carolina
Welcome Statement
Charleston Area Justice Ministry
Our Priest In Charge
Vestry & Staff
Charleston Ronald McDonald House
Feeding of the Multitude
Ministry Outreach
Do You Want To Make A Difference In The Lives Of Others?
We are looking for volunteers who can help us with our mission. Our church is dedicated to serving those in need and we would love your help! You will be able to make a real impact on someone's life by lending them an extra hand.
Saint Mark's made its covenant with the Charleston Area Justice Ministry (CAJM) in 2014 and has been active ever since. https://charlestonareajusticeministry.org
CAJM is an affiliate of DART, a faith-based organization dedicated to bringing about justice in 28 communities throughout 9 states. https://thedartcenter.org
In 2021, CAJM was named the number 1 DART affiliate.
On October 25, 2021, the membership voted to concentrate this year on "Care for Our Creation," which includes environmental racism, food deserts, flooding, etc. as our major concerns.
Other ongoing issues (police reform, education, affordable housing, transportation, and affordable medical care) will continue to receive the attention of the organization.
Questions? Call Minerva T. King at (843) 452 6283.
"And what is it that the Lord asks of you: to do justice, love mercy and walk humbly with your God." Micah 6:8
Saint Mark's will once again be hosting brunch for the families who are staying at the Ronald McDonald House during their children's medical treatment.
Quarterly, we will prep and serve brunch on Saturdays, from 8:30 am -12:30 pm. If you are interested in volunteering please contact Gin Waters at 843-697-0009.
Also, save your pop tabs and bring them to Saint Mark's (there is a container on the table in the Narthex). To many, a pop tab is just a piece of aluminum, but to the Ronald McDonald House of Charleston, the tab from each can is a valuable resource.
Collected pop tabs are recycled; generating much-needed funds to support the House and the more than 800 families that they serve each year!
WEEKLY ONLINE SERVICE: Please Click Here
16 Thomas St
Weekly Online Service: Sunday Holy Eucharist 10:00 am Parish Office Hours: M-W-TH-F 10:00 am - 5:00 pm
©2022 By Saint Mark's Episcopal Church | Designed & Powered by Brand U Media

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Dear Philomena,
I've been in love with a man for two years. He's a complete basket case, with nothing practical to offer me. Oliver is still (technically) married. He has two repulsive daughters, three cats, a miniature schnauzer, and a minivan on its last legs. His wife got tired of his habitual unemployment and moved in with the rich man next door. I don't know why I fell in love with him and have no sensible excuse to offer for continuing to love him. He doesn't even know how I feel or at least he refuses to believe it. It would be way too inconvenient for him. No, all Oliver wants is a passionate affair. Short, sweet. No commitment. No future.
I'm 28, Philomena. I want to be married. I want children. Did I mention his vasectomy? I want love. I want stability. I want a normal relationship. Did I mention his bipolar disorder? I don't want passion. I don't want an emotional joy ride that ends in a muddy ditch upside down instead of in a honeymoon suite. Guess what the "good" Lord gave me?
Lovelorn in Little Hell
Dear Lovelorn,
My advice? Enjoy the joy ride. I think passion is underrated. We humans assume passion is something distinct from love. One has a "passionate affair," not a "passionate marriage." Passion is tolerated in the first few weeks of a relationship, but not in the marriage itself. Passion is for nightfall, for dreams, for evaporating sighs. It's not real. It has nothing to do with love.
I stand (I do not beg) to differ. Passion can only come from love. There is love and there is lust, but passion, true passion, is only realized, embedded, in love.
Three years ago, on a rainy night in the middle of December, I met a man…let's call him Jack. I felt immediately, irredeemably, passionate about him, despite all my friends' fervent warnings. They called him a salesman, a politician, a glad-hander. Cynical, superficial, shallow, and cold. And they were right. He was the kind of man who would sidle up to the desk clerk and talk to her in an intimate whisper as though they'd been friends for ages. You'd usually find him in a crowd of acquaintances, usually at a bar, calling the bartender by name. Or handing out cigars at some candidate's rally. Or gazing soulfully into his latest victim's eyes.
The victim, of course, being a woman.
Women were always taken in because Jack listened. Even on the first date, his prey would find herself telling him all sorts of secrets. He'd look deeply, with remarkably authentic sympathy, into her eyes, and before she knew it, she'd be feeding him tidbits from her plate. With any luck, she'd recognize him for the hollow creature he was before it went too far. Jack wasn't even an empty suit—he was more like an empty polo shirt that he'd picked up as a freebie at a celebrity golf tournament.
I left Jack before he could finish eating my soul. I pretended to believe his self-serving observation that I didn't love him, that I couldn't possibly love him. I thought it would make it easier to forget him.
I was wrong. He was wrong. The passion came from love. Dear Lovelorn, know this, that passion is the beginning of true love and the physical manifestation of a profound and unique yearning for another. You cannot feel passion for someone you don't love. You can love someone without passion. But you cannot be passionate without love.
So, my dear Lovelorn, do not condemn passion, and do not attempt to hold it in check. It is the essential conductor that brings two people together forever. Even more, it prods society to progress. Love and comfort keep the world humming, but our great lurches forward in human development came only in the grip of passion. Passion goosed Galileo, pinched Henry Ford, and gave me the courage to write this.
Your friend, Philomena
The telephone rang. Since no one but solicitors used the land line, Dagne took her time answering. On the fourth ring she picked up. "Hello?"
"Dagne? It's me."
"Oh." Her heart lurched. She wished she could swill down some wine to give her strength. Telephones always made her nervous, and Jack at the other end of the line made her doubly so. "Yes?"
"Great, glad I caught you. Marian told me you were leaving town soon. Listen, you remember that purple sweatshirt of mine? The one with the picture of Maxie on it barking 'Dad's Little Princess'?"
Maxie, his Chihuahua, the only perpetually precious thing in his life. "What about it?"
"Well, Samantha wants me to wear it to the doggy play group. Can I come by and get it?"
"Sure." It'll be in a plastic bag so you won't realize it's covered in dog shit until you're already in the car. "I'll leave it on the front porch."
"Great. Oh, and would you mind throwing in those black boxers with the red letters that flash 'Yes, Yes, Yes?' I'm pretty sure I left them there."
"Not a problem." For me anyway. Wait'll Samantha smells them.
Dagne resisted the urge to throw the phone across the room, poured a glass of water, and sat down on the kitchen chair to torture herself once again. Jack. Talk about a catch. Not. When she met him, he had no job, no money, no goals, not even a car. He'd depended all his life on "the kindness of strangers"—strangers, as she'd explained to poor Lovelorn, meaning women. Oh, Jack had a way with him. In the early months of their relationship they made love like rabbits, each coupling holding fresh delights. Dagne had never before felt so alive, so much a woman, as she did with him. She took to buying sexy lingerie for the first time in her life, just to please him, even though he insisted she bought them for herself. He believed it, too. She only understood afterward that he couldn't conceive of a person doing something solely for the sake of another.
She loved him. She still loved him. But as crisis followed crisis, as need appeared, he didn't. Oh yes, he wrote sympathetic emails galore, vomiting advice in a self-satisfied way. Then, regrets, he had a standing happy hour he must attend.
Prick.
Her mind went back even earlier, to the time after her divorce became final. She remembered it as such a joyous period—only thirty-one, free as a bird, plenty of money, ready to fly. She talked her friend Polly into offering her a gig with the Alexandria Observer for an advice column. "Dear Philomena" proved to be a winner for the paper, not to mention for her bank account. She had her mother to thank for that. The little angel—Dagne used that term advisedly—had straightened to her full five feet, slapped her tiny beringed hands together in a typically Gallic gesture, and nagged, "I'm tired of you moping around, ma petite. Get off your bum and do something useful. Something salutaire for mankind—and more profitable than those trashy novels of yours."
One day her neighbor, Marian, asked her to come along to a bar and meet her gang. "Now, Dagne," she explained before they entered, "these kids are all singles and all wanting to be. No one's allowed to bring a date. You know, leave the main squeeze at home so we can be ourselves and relax."
It struck Dagne as a trifle adolescent, but after all, she told herself, "I'm single, too, aren't I? And loving it too, right?" So she walked into the Pines of Tyrol that evening prepared for a good time. This guy Jack swiveled on his barstool to check her out and was all over her before she even had a chance to sit down. The lines poured out of him as thick and fast as buckshot from a blunderbuss. She stifled the urge to roll her eyes and instead batted her lashes at him. Go ahead, mate. Drool over me.
At first, it didn't matter what kind of man she'd taken up with, since it wasn't actually Jack who obsessed her, but the idea of escape, of finding—by some miracle—a lover who would take her under his wing and free her from all her old phobias. She clung to Jack to avoid the abyss of terror she scrabbled frantically to keep from tipping into—the one she opened up when she walked out of her marriage. She took one look at the sudden emptiness of her life and flung herself at him like a whore in a Fifth Avenue boutique with a rich man's wallet. She pretended to her friends and relatives, and especially to herself, that she loved him.
"You insisted you loved him," her mother accused. "You expected me to believe you. Ha. I knew better — you figured you'd found a ledge to land on, didn't you? But you know and I know — not to mention two thousand other women, that Jack's a—"
"Mother! Okay, okay. Yes, that was true at first. Trouble is, my plan didn't work, did it?"
Unfortunately for Dagne, Jack fell into the class of Lothario whose unwavering pursuit lasts right up to the minute he reels the fish in. And he sure reeled you in, didn't he, Dagne my girl? Tossed her, the hook, the line, and the sinker into his creel and promptly lost interest. She didn't, though. Not a minute went by since then when she didn't think of him.
"Yes," her mother would remark in an offhand little murmur that always grated on Dagne, "but with pain, always with pain."
Which was why, three years and six months later, Dagne still found herself conjuring up whimsical visions of nuptial bliss while meticulously pouring Tabasco sauce on Jack's underwear, which she would then swish around with his sweatshirt for Samantha's benefit.


text:
Major bid to rescue Ashbourne's ailing market
A company hopes to restore the Saturday market to a busy central hub
Gareth Butterfield
Ashbourne's Saturday market is due to be given a new lease of life under a Community Interest Company called AshCom
A major bid has been made to take Ashbourne's ailing Saturday market out of public hands and relaunch a "completely remodelled" market, run by a newly-formed, community-based company.
Around 30 people have come together to form a Community Interest Company, a social enterprise which uses its profits for community benefit, and this new venture is setting out to take over control of the market from Derbyshire Dales District Council.
The company, called AshCom, has announced its plans this week in response to last week's news that the town's monthly Artisan Market would be calling it quits after just one year.
Denise Valente, who ran the Artisan Market alongside several highly successful markets in other towns, has been drafted in to help the Community Interest Company set out its vision for a reinvigorated Saturday market and to reinforce the fact that Ashbourne remains a market town.
AshCom's chairman Jeffrey Phillips says the plan has everything in place to succeed, but it will need the community's support.
He said: "Following initial discussions with the current Saturday traders, Denise Valente of the Market Company that ran the Artisan Market and following visits to other successful markets and market operators, AshCom is currently in early discussions with Derbyshire Dales District Council with the view to taking on the responsibility of operating the Saturday Market.
Jeffrey Phillips, chairman of the newly-formed Community Interest Company AshCom
"AshCom's plan is to reach out to the wide community for its involvement and support, to research fully what Market models will work in Ashbourne and then to re-launch a completely remodelled Market creating a new offer that meets the needs of local people, traders and Ashbourne's retailers - helping to make Ashbourne the destination of choice to live, work and visit.
"Last week's Ashbourne News Telegraph front page headline – 'Artisan market closes – after a year' painted a very bleak future for market trading in Ashbourne.
"I am sure we all share this picture that street market trading is on its last legs in Ashbourne with the impending closure of the Thursday Shrovetide Walk market, the declining number of traders on the Market Square every Saturday and the District Council's plans to move the Saturday Market to Shrovetide Walk and now the end of the Artisan market. But it need not be this way.
Pubs and businesses in Ashbourne
Wine bar bid
Market revival
Family farming fun
Bike barn opens
"If we believe in not being swallowed by national and international retailers, if we believe that communities need their own local identities then we need to support our local suppliers of food, drink and other products.
"Ashbourne is blessed with range of independent shops which supply all that.
"The market can add more suppliers that support our existing retailers and increase the number of people visiting and spending in Ashbourne."
Mr Phillips says the revival of the town's market is just one of the irons it has in the fire, and he has promised that other projects will be announced which will benefit the town in the coming weeks and months.
Derbyshire town markets to stop due to 'lack of support'
He said: "AshCom has ambitious plans to address a variety of issues of concern for the community and Ashbourne's wellbeing.
"It will soon hold a public meeting to expand and involve more local people as well as businesses and by issuing community shares give the community ownership of regeneration across Ashbourne.
"We will let you know about our discussions with Derbyshire Dales District Council on the future of the Saturday Market and what happens next."
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Covid hot-spots revealed across Derby and Derbyshire
HealthThe highest of these is in the Rose Hill and Castleward area
Peak DistrictDramatic rescue as driver plunges 60ft down embankmentDerbyshire firefighters described the rescue as 'challenging'
People caught drug or drink-driving and how long their road ban is for
CourtsDo you know anyone on our latest named and shamed list?
'Put the team first' - How the national media reacted to Wayne Rooney's Derby County appointment
Derby CountyThe former England international, who has signed a two-and-a-half-year deal, has brought his glittering playing career to an end


We're so glad we made the switch to Amalgamated after a bad experience with someone else.
Our local branch is always extremely thorough and mindful of our small family. They give us all the information on what they've found and choices on how to get rid of it.
We've been using Amalgamated for several years now and will continue to do so for many years more, thanks again!


Oh lucky me – my third retreat at this very special place. And yet again, I cried on the last day because I didn't want to leave – oops, so much for non-attachment! Looking forward to the next time.
Wonderful to come back here again to find some clarity. Thanks and hoping for another visit.
Kathrin, Brian and Shanti, thanks again for a lovely week (and we didn't just talk about wind-generators).
Can't gather all my thoughts together yet. It has been wonderful for me here and all my hopes realised. Thank you for this special week and booking the lovely weather.
Had a fantastic time in such a tranquil place…unlike anything I've ever seen. Thank you!
Thank you so much for another (3rd) wonderful retreat. I feel refreshed and invigorated – healthier than I've felt in two years – and will try and keep up the regime!
Music very good, and so was the food…a truly wonderful experience and great company.
What a wonderful week! Brian you have taught me so much, I feel really inspired – just what I needed, and Kathrin you've been such a lovely host – we all feel so cared for. Thanks so much.
Wow – this week was the kick up the arse that I needed! Am leaving here inspired in many areas.
Kathrin, Thank you so much for this excellent meditation retreat. I had a wonderful time, meditating, practising yoga, learning new recipes, cooking and talking with you. A unique experience in a unique setting, peace and quiet, kindness and simplicity, just what I like and what I needed…Merci beaucoup!
Loved the course, loved the food, loved the company, loved the peace!


"The Australia Medical Association and Australia Dental Association claim there is new evidence in support of fluoridation," Cr Dobie said.
"In 2014, there was a survey taken of those residents connected to the reticulated water system.
"While there was only a 30% response to the survey, over 50% of the respondents were in favour of removing the fluoride from the reticulated water system.


Manufacturers are getting rid of older, inefficient engines and replacing them with cleaner, more efficient, smaller-capacity units to meet stringent emission norms. Volkswagen has done just this on the Polo hatchback and replaced the 1.2-litre, three-cylinder petrol engine with an all-new 1.0-litre, three-cylinder unit, codenamed EA211.
This naturally aspirated 999cc may be smaller but it still makes a similar 76hp. But where the new engine loses out is torque; it pushes out only 95Nm compared to the earlier 1.2's 110Nm.
The kerb weight of the new Polo is down by 14kg, but performance still isn't effortless. There's a bit of a delay when you tap the accelerator and the engine takes its time to get moving. Overtaking needs planning and even the mid-range isn't punchy. It will spin all the way to its 6,500rpm redline, with power and performance being built in a linear manner; but getting there takes a long time.
Outright acceleration is close to the 1.2 Polo's, taking 16.5sec to reach 100kph from standstill. However, at idle, this engine is as silent as the Maruti Swift petrol. When it comes to first impressions, the refinement is remarkable. Get on the move, though, and there's a hint of a rattle from the engine; spin it hard and it emanates a three-cylinder thrum, like before. Fuel efficiency is said to have improved by 2.31kpl, to a claimed 18.78kpl.
The new five-speed gearbox is effortless and has short throws. Also, reverse gear isn't up and away from the first anymore. It is in a more conventional place, beside the fourth (under fifth). The clutch pedal has a long travel with a springy action, requiring a bit more effort than usual. The steering, however, is direct and nicely weighted. And, as before, ride and handling are excellent.
The Highline Plus that we drove is the top-spec variant and gets an all-black theme with new brown-and-black leatherette seat upholstery. The seats are very comfy and there's even a driver armrest now, but it fouls with the driver's hand when shifting gears. Quality of bits remains top notch and the interiors are superbly put together too. This variant is well equipped and gets kit like dual airbags, ABS with EBD, an auto-dimming mirror, cruise control, touchscreen with Android Auto, Apple CarPlay and MirrorLink, one-touch up/down windows, rear air-con vents, climate control, rear wiper/washer, parking sensors, and 16-inch alloy wheels with wide 195mm tyres. Still, it misses out on certain bits like navigation, reversing camera, projector headlamps and keyless entry-go.
This is the first major update that the petrol Polo has received in a long time, and, quite honestly, it isn't something to look forward to. If anything, the Polo has hardly moved forward, and Maruti and Hyundai offer far superior petrol engines and for a car that's been on sale for over eight years, the Polo has started showing its age. It isn't the segment-best in terms of features and nor is the cabin as spacious as the competition. And, if you really want a petrol Polo, the 1.2-litre turbo-petrol GT TSI (that's priced Rs 2 lakh higher) is still the one to go for.


We have been hearing again how hard up authors are becoming. The Guardian's article sets out the recent debate quite clearly.
I dare say the evidence being used doesn't lie. It's just that I don't think the evidence being used is the right evidence. Authors (tend to) work on a royalty basis, a percentage payment made for each copy sold. If authors are really earning less than they used to, this must surely mean that either the royalty rate has been reduced, or fewer copies have been sold. I don't believe that royalty rates have been reduced, and the fact that nobody seems to be making that argument rather supports this belief, so only one conclusion remains — one that we all already know. Books now sell in smaller quantities than in the past — with the possible exception of bestsellers.
The fact that royalty payments represent this or that percentage of a publisher's profit or turnover is irrelevant. Profit is made in various ways, and short-changing the author is not usually one of them. Apart from the morality of cheating your authors, it tends to be bad for the future as word gets out and new writers become reluctant to sign up with you. Like selling books, signing authors is a competitive market. The people working for publishing houses might consider a similar calculation as to the relationship between wages and profit to be even more interesting — it would at least be more relevant, wages having a greater effect on profitability than royalties. Nobody imagines that authors, when they decide to become writers, are signing on for the security of a middle-class income: in all probablity most of them have eschewed that option and gone for the freedom of making their own way. Some play for the big time seeing success as massive sales, while others aim more for an interesting and fulfilling life. I'd love for them all to make more money, but the harsh reality of the marketplace governs.
As the market flattens, and as trade conditions toughen, publishers have begun to look at those advances which used to be thrown around as bargaining chips in competition for this or that "big" book. Many of these advances did not earn out, and it's not too surprising that publishers have begun to reevaluate their advance positions. If, instead of using blue-sky forecasts to fix on the advance, you make rather pessimistic sales forecasts, then naturally the size of advances will come down just as the percentage which don't earn out will fall. From the point of view of the generality of authors this will appear as a reduction in earnings (even if the earnings were actually royalties for books which were never sold). For publishers it will lead to an increased profit margin. Does the Society of Authors really want to argue that publishers should be ashamed of not making large unearned royalty payments any longer?
Now one could envisage a system which mandated that books should be sold at X times their page count, and that the authors should get W% of that, the booksellers Y%, and the publishers Z%. That however is not the system we live with, and I doubt any legislature anywhere would be willing even to debate such an idea. We live in a system where the author's remuneration is based on the number of copies sold. The brutal fact is that fewer copies of more titles are now being sold than hitherto. Naturally the size of the pot for each author is smaller. If as an author you are fed up with that deal, there is now the wonderful option of self publishing.
See also How to boost your sales?


Aspen Siding And Windows has been able to remain on the top of the home remodeling industry in Denver, CO because of our ability to customize. The time for generalized home remodeling services has come to an end, at least from our perspective. You no longer have to sit by and hope that your home remodeling contractor understands your taste and performs a satisfactory job. Working with our technicians, you become the integral hub of the creative process. We listen to your suggestions and enact them.
Many customers have a distinct vision for home remodeling, but few are every lucky enough to have these visions realized. With one simple phone call to Aspen Siding And Windows, your home remodeling dreams can and will come true. Our technicians in home remodeling are incredibly skilled and experienced; they possess the wherewithal to adjust their craft in order to best suit you. Our team has worked on hundreds of projects; nothing excites our technicians more than the ability to cater to a specific client.
Rather than impose our own style onto any given project, as is the habit of most home remodeling contractors, Aspen Siding And Windows approaches every single new project with a fresh perspective and renewed enthusiasm for customer service. We have become synonymous with fantastic home remodeling in Denver, CO because we treat every customer like he or she is our first and last customer, our only customer. We treat every job like a make or break opportunity to earn our reputation, and we always come through!
For customized service that will provide the home remodeling service you have previously only dreamed of, get in touch with Aspen Siding And Windows of Denver, CO today!


Each time a new year comes along, we prepare ourselves with goals and lifestyle changes that we all hope to achieve. In reality most of these goals become lost in our day to day lives and become an idea from the past. The cause of this is mostly because our goals aren't realistic, some almost unattainable. While I believe this, I do believe that creating these goals is helpful in creating your best self.
One of the most common resolutions is to have a healthier lifestyle. Many people write down goals such as to run three miles a day, or to workout for a certain amount of time. As for dieting, in our society its viewed as almost shameful to have any bit unhealthy food while dieting. The key to having a healthier lifestyle is the balance between health conscious and indulgence. If you want to have a workout in the morning, it wouldn't kill you to go grab brunch afterwards with friends.
Get happier. Yes, it is the first Monday of the new year and you are super tired after winter break, but it's not the end of the world. Create a playlist of your favorite songs that boost your mood, or compliment one person a day. Simple things like this will instantly make you happier.
Clean your room. As your mom has probably been telling you recently, clean your room. Any added stress of having to clean it later will be lifted off your shoulders and you can start the year off with, literally a 'clean slate'. Donate or sell used clothes, and revamp your space. I love the app Vinted; It allows you to simply take a picture of the item you want to sell, and instantly post it to the app. You're guaranteed to make a profit.
Set aside personal goals. While how you appear on the outside is important, your mental health is extremely important. I like to pick up a few books to inspire me. My favorites are: The Power of Now by Eckhart Tolle, Daring Greatly by Brene Brown, and Big Magic by Elizabeth Gilbert.
Lastly, take time for yourself. While this might be obvious to some people, sometimes your day to day life can consume you. Take a bath and throw in some Lush Bath Bombs. Maybe even have a sip of your favorite drink while lounging in a new pair of silk pajamas.


Their names are nailed on the wall above the hostel sign. Also, I have attached a photo of myself at the Western Wall. Please see Facebook page for photos. Just click the f in the circle above on this page.
To me it is very thrilling but also very emotional to be in such a sacred place. Here is the letter.
It was such a nice surprise when I saw the gracious donation your parents MARTIN AND THALIA RESNICK made to the STATE OF ISRAEL as written on the building in the sacred Jewish section in Old Jerusalem by the Golden Menorah.
You know me as SARA PENN and we went to Pikesville Jr. High and High Schools together and our senior class prom was at your Martin's West facility.
I was sorry to hear your father passed away as you are approaching his third year yahrzeit. I remember him and how gracious he was to allow our senior class to have our prom at his Martin's West facility.
WAYNE, I read on your company website and on the internet that you are married, have two wonderful children and four grandchildren and you have risen through your family business and are now the President and CEO. These are wonderful mitzvahs and you must be very proud.
I also have made many important accomplishments however; I have not seen my three children for about ten years whom I raised with a lot of love and care as the full time, stay-at-home Mother.
This sudden alienation is due to the epidemic problem of terror, torture, abuse and oppression called Parental Alienation WHICH IS BEING PROMOTED BY JEWISH LEADERS, JEWISH ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR MEMBERS who work with crooked Jewish and other Judges, Lawyers, the court-appointed Therapist, Executives, many Nonprofits [501(c)(3) and others], the Press and others.
Mark and I had a wonderful marriage for about twenty years until he wanted to use his Harvard business school education, certified public accountant license and years of CEO experiences, including taking Jiffy Lube public at the beginning of our marriage, to operate a fraudulent Student Loan Fraud Scheme using our children's social security numbers. He wanted to request student loan grants and invest the low interest rate money for his own purposes for "the family," even though we did not need any student loans as tax returns and many other documents prove. I refused to go along with this corruption so the divorce and his acts of Parental Alienation began.
WAYNE, even though Parental Alienation is an epidemic problem in the U.S. and throughout the world; it has been kept a secret. This is because those like me who have ACTED LIKE JEWS or other honest religious or reasonable people by using our education, skills and experiences to end this terror have been emotionally and financially devastated.
It is truly a miracle of GOD, Wayne, that all my educational skills have returned enough since I have been enduring this terror for over ten years now. I have filed lawsuits to try to restore Love, Freedom, Equal Rights and Justice for All as well as set legal precedent for FUTURE GENERATIONS. I reasonably believe my actions should be respected and I should not be terrorized and emotionally tortured because BOTH JUDAISM AND DEMOCRACY promote Family, Love, Truth, Equal Rights and Justice; not trying to DESTROY the one trying to promote these important values and basic commandments of Judaism regarding lying, cheating, stealing, abuse and other criminal, immoral and evil acts.
Both Judaism and Democracy promote HONESTLY AND LOVINGLY helping children and others reach their special potential; not abusing them so they are forced to become obedient, unthinking, criminal slaves. They even use lies, restraining orders and other evil schemes to convince the children that their alienated Mother (or Father) does not love them anymore. As evil as Adolph Hitler was; he never did that.
PARENTAL ALIENATION commonly involves turning the children at the time of divorce against their loving, law-abiding Mother (or Father) so the crooked evil father can intentionally put his wife in a state of emotional distress (like Hitler did when he ripped children from the loving arms of their parents).
Then they bribe her lawyers and the judges to sanction the fraudulent divorce judgment which proves on its face that the Mother (or Father) was criminally and immorally denied her Constitutional Rights to custody, visitation and to receiving her fifty percent (50%) interest in the marital assets. Who do you think is secretly sharing the loving Mother's assets she never received as the divorce decree proves on its face? This is such an evil parental alienation and racketeering conspiracy which these so-called JEWS are profiting from.
Wayne, remember STEVE HURWITZ from the class ahead of us who was very religious? It appears that his relative JUDGE LON HURWITZ granted the emergency request made by my husband MARK HASSMAN through his crooked and evil lawyers that I be denied custody and visitation and have a restraining order granted against me so I cannot go near my husband…This meant I could not attend our children's graduations, birthday and other celebrations because he was present.
To make matters more evil, criminal and immoral, no tests were ever performed and there is no credible evidence proving that I am a danger to anyone and need to have a restraining order. I am and continue to be a loving, honest, law-abiding Woman and Mother and there was no legal or rational basis to request, grant, make permanent and extend this emergency restraining order until 2032.
Shamefully, several of our classmates are on the Board of Directors of BETH TFILOH. One is RONNIE DAVIS. So is STEVE HURWITZ who is married to my cousin LINDA ADLER. My sister RUTHIE PENN who married her classmate DAVID CARLINER were both three years behind us are also on this board and all of them claim to be very religious JEWS but are promoting and profiting from the terror of Parental Alienation.
Do you remember GLEN WEINBERG who was a year or two ahead of us and I also went to law school with him? He is also on BETH TFILOH'S board. Glen inherited millions from his uncle Harry Weinberg and established the HARRY AND JEANETTE WEINBERG FOUNDATION. This Foundation has also made contributions to Israel.
About six years ago I contacted Glen and asked him to use some of his Foundation money to help me end this epidemic problem of Parental Alienation by: 1) helping millions like me reunite with our children; 2) receive a legal divorce decree which complies with our laws of Democracy and; 3) bring awareness to this epidemic problem which the JEWS ARE PROMOTING by hiding and stealing marital assets which belong to the alienated Mother or Father and BRAINWASHING THE CHILDREN using lies, restraining orders and other schemes so the children believe their alienated Mother (or Father) does not love them anymore.
Disgracefully, GLEN told me that the Foundation was not to be used for such purposes but could never reasonably explain why it could not be used to promote the commandments and values of Judaism and Democracy including Love, Family, Truth, Equal Rights and Justice.
So, I am reaching out to you WAYNE. Will you please help me? I came to Israel a few days ago on January 22, 2019 to make Aliyah. I want to live in peace among those who live the life of JEWS promoting Love, Family, Truth, Equal Rights and Justice.
However, I was deprived of my fifty percent interest of the community estate which includes millions of dollars of assets like: properties, corporations, retirement and profit sharing plans, annuities, trust assets and savings which tax returns and other documents prove were never disclosed and stolen from me. I have also been denied my legal right to alimony.
Consequently, I do not know if I will be able to afford to make Aliyah and obtain my JEWISH BIRTHRIGHT to live and work in Israel. I had been living and working in Los Angeles and was able to save enough for my flight and some other travel expenses.
Wayne, as the famous Holocaust survivor, author and activist ELI WIESEL said: To remain silent only helps the evil predators, not those suffering.
Also, please feel free to check out my website at www.PAlienation.org.


Comparison between color matching functions by the Maxwell method and those by the maximum saturation method obtained by a single observer, Proceedings of the CIE Symposium on Advanced Colorimetry, 85-87 (1993).
The temporal characteristics of brightness and chromatic perception, Proceedings of 5th International Conference on High Technology: Imaging Science and Technology, 392-397 (1996) Y.Itoh, S.Shioiri and H.Yaguchi.
Neon color spreading in a figure without subjective contours, AIC Color 97, Proceedings of the 8th Congress of the International Color Association, pp.227-230 (1997), N.Yanase, S.Shioiri and H.Yaguchi.
Adaptation of a purely binocular color system, AIC Color 97, Proceedings of the 8th Congress of the International Color Association, pp.270-273 (1997), K.Shimono, J.Hashimoto, S.Inoue, S.Shioiri and H.Yaguchi.


text:
Letter CII. to Bishop Basilius
Theodoret's letters are a mine of information for the history of the fifth century, of the author's life and of the history of dogma in general. This large correspondence is distinguished for its unpretentious learning, felicitous diction and perfect grace of style. (Quasten) In this letter his reproaches a fellow bishop for failing to defend him against the slander of his enemies.
Theodoret of Cyrus (c. 393-466), the wise and zealous bishop of Cyrus, a small town near Antioch, was the last great theologian of the school of Antioch. Although he first considered Alexandrian Christology dangerous, and refused to condemn Nestorius until the Council of Chalcedon, his commitment to the correct doctrine of the Incarnation should not be questioned. As late as the 14th century more than 500 of his letters were extant, of which we still have 232. Letters LXXIX-CXI date from 448 and 449, and chronicle the growing agitation in the Eastern Church during the Monophysite crisis, including the slanders that led to Theodoret's illegitimate deposition at the "Robber-Council" of Ephesus in 449. Among these, most or all of XCII-CIX were sent with a group of Antiochene bishops who had gone to Constantinople to defend themselves and especially Theodoret against charges of heresy.
by Theodoret in c. 449 | translated by Blomfield Jackson
There is nothing remarkable in the reproaches that are directed against me being heard in silence by men who do not know me; but that your holiness should not refute the lies of my revilers, or at least should do so only to a certain extent, and with no great heartiness, passes the belief of any one who knows your character and conduct. And I say this not because friendship ought to be preferred to truth, but because the witness of truth is on the side of friendship. Your reverence has very often heard me preaching in church, and, in other assemblies where I have spoken on doctrinal questions; you have listened to what I have said, and I do not know of any occasion on which you have found fault with me for expressing unorthodox opinions. But what is the case at the present moment? Why in the world, my dear friend, do you not utter a word against falsehood, while you allow a friend to be calumniated and the truth to be assailed? If this is because you disregard the helpless and insignificant, remember the plain proclamation of the commandment of the Lord "Take heed that ye despise not one of these little ones which believe in me, for I say unto you that in heaven their angels do always behold the face of my Father which is in heaven." If however it is the influence of my calumniators which imposes silence upon you, you must listen to the other law which says "Thou shalt not honour the person of the mighty" and "Judge righteous judgment" and "Thou shalt not follow a multitude to do evil" and "He that shutteth his eyes from seeing evil and stoppeth his ears from hearing of blood." You may find innumerable similar passages in holy Scripture, which I have thought it needless to collect when writing to a man brought up in the divine oracles, and watering Christian people with his teaching. But this I will say, that we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ, and shall give account of our words and deeds. I, who for every other reason dread this tribunal, now that I am encompassed with calumny, find my chief consolation in the thought of it.


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text:
Vanderbilt faces 'great duel' of returners
Vanderbilt still struggles to get Darrius Sims the ball
Vanderbilt faces 'great duel' of returners Vanderbilt still struggles to get Darrius Sims the ball Check out this story on Tennessean.com: http://tnne.ws/1wn0waJ
Adam Sparks, asparks@tennessean.com Published 1:31 p.m. CT Oct. 23, 2014 | Updated 1:47 p.m. CT Oct. 23, 2014
Vanderbilt's Darrius Sims and Missouri's Marcus Murphy will square off on Saturday as two of the nation's most dangerous kick returners.(Photo: Jae S. Lee / The Tennessean and Kim Klement / USA TODAY Sports )
Vanderbilt's Darrius Sims and Missouri's Marcus Murphy will square off on Saturday as two of the nation's most dangerous kick returners.
But only Sims has to wonder if he will get the ball enough to make an impact on the game (3 p.m., SEC Network).
Vanderbilt coach Derek Mason has repeatedly said for the past month that he planned to implement Sims into the offense, but it has rarely come to fruition. And now Mason is tired of the topic.
"I have talked enough about trying to get Darrius and (freshman receiver) Trent Sherfield touches," Mason said. "Those guys haven't been able to get the touches that we wanted those guys to get. Some of it is based on situation. Some of it has been what's happened with the ebb and flow of the game.
"… I am worried about points right now. So let's score points and be a little less worried about who's getting touches."
Related: Vandy goal: Keep Missouri's Maty Mauk making poor decisions
Related: Vanderbilt to start Johnny McCrary at QB vs. Missouri
Murphy and Sims rank fourth and fifth, respectively, in kick return average in the Football Bowl Subdivision, and they are tied for the national lead in kick return touchdowns with two apiece.
But while Sims, also a nickelback, has scored his team-high three touchdowns on special teams (two kick returns) and defense (interception return), Murphy gets the ball plenty on offense as a running back and sometimes slot receiver. He leads the SEC in all-purpose yards (1,044) with 79 carries, 12 catches and a combined 24 kick/punt returns.
But Sims' limited role in the offense has been a non-factor, and teams have successfully kicked away from him lately. He has only three kick returns for 66 yards since tying an NCAA record with two kick return touchdowns against South Carolina a month ago.
Mason said he will "make a concerted effort" to get Sims the ball more, which will include putting him at punt returner at Missouri. It's a role Sims has not held since fumbling a punt in a season-opening loss to Temple.
"You can't punt away from him," Mason said. "If you do, you wind up giving us field position."
Related: How can Vanderbilt win its final five games?
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Sims said he is still practicing with the offense, defense and special teams. He also remains on the kick coverage team, where he will try to keep his counterpart, Murphy, from breaking a long return.
"It's crazy. I'm everywhere now," Sims said. "(In practice) I get the plays that they think I should get (on offense), but I never count my reps in the game. I just play, and if they feel like they should call on me then they'll call on me. They know the situation better than I do, so I just believe in what they believe in."
Mason said the matchup of Sims and Murphy "is going to be a great duel between two guys wearing 6's (as jersey numbers) who can put points up. They're both magic with the ball in their hands."
But Vanderbilt's biggest test may come in figuring out how to get that ball in its top scorer's hands enough to match the opponent's best play-maker.
Reach Adam Sparks at 615-259-8010 and on Twitter @AdamSparks.
Top 5 Kick Returners in FBS
1. Alex Ross (Oklahoma) 38.0 AVG, 2 TD
2. Trevor Davis (Cal) 36.9 AVG, 2 TD
3. Mario Alford (West Virginia) 34.8 AVG, 2 TD
4. Marcus Murphy (Missouri) 34.3 AVG, 2 TD
5. Darrius Sims (Vanderbilt) 30.8 AVG, 2 TD
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Cleveland Indians catcher Roberto Perez to miss 8 to 12 weeks following thumb surgery
Updated: Jan. 11, 2019, 7:37 p.m. | Published: May. 06, 2016, 6:25 p.m.
By Zack Meisel, cleveland.com
Roberto Perez
Roberto Perez will be sidelined for several months following thumb surgery.
(Chuck Crow/The Plain Dealer)
CLEVELAND, Ohio -- Chris Gimenez booked a one-way flight to Cleveland. The Indians will need his services for a while.
Roberto Perez, the Indians' normal backup catcher, underwent surgery on his fractured right thumb on Friday morning in Akron. He is expected to miss eight to 12 weeks.
Perez suffered an avulsion fracture on April 30 on a play at home plate in Philadelphia. During Friday's operation, Dr. Thomas Graham stabilized and repaired the ulnar collateral ligament in his thumb. The type of fracture indicates that a chunk of the bone that was attached to the ligament was pulled away from the main part of the bone.
"You feel bad for him," said Indians manager Terry Francona. "He was walking around [Thursday] and I was talking to him before he left, reassuring him that he's going to be OK, that once he gets through the surgery and gets it out of his system, he can start moving around a little bit, and when he wants to, he can try to make something better that he wouldn't maybe have time to do while he's playing. We're always trying to figure out a way to turn something that could be perceived as a negative into a positive."
Graham examined Perez's injury on Thursday and both sides determined that surgery was the proper route. Francona said earlier this week that with or without an operation, Perez would likely miss a similar period of action, though surgery could provide a more reliable timeline.
The club initially added Adam Moore to the roster to take Perez's place. On Wednesday, the Indians acquired Gimenez, a veteran backstop who is now on his third tour with the Tribe. Gimenez clubbed a solo home run in Thursday's victory against the Tigers.
In four games this season, Perez drew six walks. He did not register a base hit. On the play in which he suffered the injury, Perez tagged out Philadelphia's Odubel Herrera at the plate on a pitch that bounced in the dirt.


Ceiling fan rotation cuts energy costs. Learning which way ceiling fans should turn is easy with this guide; it explores summer fan rotation, how to reverse ceiling fans in winter, and which ceiling fan direction is clockwise or Ceiling fans have long been used to create a breeze in summer months, but their usefulness in the winter often goes overlooked. By simply adjusting the direction of its rotation, a ceiling fan can become a great asset in warming the home. In order for this adjustment to be effective, the fan must be set to rotate in the appropriate direction. This guide will teach you how to select the correct ceiling fan direction in summer or winter alike.
Most fans are built for year-round use, and taking advantage of this can help homeowners improve their energy savings. According to estimates by the U.S. Department of Energy, correctly using a ceiling fan can save on both cooling and heating costs. When used in conjunction with air conditioning in summer, you can raise the thermostat 4 degrees with no loss of comfort and recoup up to 30 percent on your energy bills; in winter, you can expect to cut costs by up to 15 percent.
To fully realize the savings, you must get in the habit of turning off the ceiling fan when all the occupants have left a room. The fan operates by making people in the room feel cooler or warmer, rather than changing the temperature of the air itself. Therefore, shutting the fan off when the room is empty ensures no electricity is wasted. Installing a ceiling fan with a remote control or a ceiling fan switch makes it much easier to control the ceiling fan operation, and many remotes offer fan direction changes at the tap of a button. Absent a remote or wall switch, ceiling fans have a reverse switch on the motor housing. Check the location of that switch before you purchase a new ceiling fan to be sure that it is easy to reach.
Ceiling fans should hang between seven and nine feet from the floor with a minimum 10-inch clearance between the ceiling fan blades and the ceiling. If you have vaulted ceilings, hang the vaulted ceiling fan from a downrod to get the appropriate positioning. If your ceilings are somewhat low, you may be able to use a flush mount ceiling fan. See our ceiling fan buying guide for more information.
Tip: Remember that indoor ceiling fans cannot be installed outdoors.
A ceiling fan should rotate counterclockwise in the summer so that the blades push cooler air down in a column. The counterclockwise rotation is typically set by pushing the directional switch on the side of the motor housing down, but you may need to check your fan's instruction manual to confirm. If you are unsure if your fan is turning the correct direction, stand directly under the fan and look up: if the fan is moving counterclockwise and you feel a rush of air, it's in the correct setting for summer.
If you don't feel much air movement, it's possible that the fan is spinning in the wrong direction. Turn off the fan and wait for it to completely stop rotating, then switch the fan rotation by flipping the direction switch. If there is still no air movement when you turn the fan back on, or it is very weak, your fan may have a failing motor or the pitch of the blades may be too flat. Consider upgrading to a newer ceiling fan.
Remember, while a good ceiling fan can take the edge off of a very hot summer, it does not actually cool the air in the room. The ceiling fan improves air circulation and creates a breeze that you feel on your skin, a "wind chill" effect. To maximize the effect, the fan should be turned on to its highest speed. If this produces instability in the fan, see our guide on how to balance a ceiling fan.
Being advised to turn a fan on in winter may seem like the opposite of help, but even in winter ceiling fans can be used to help manage the interior climate.
Ceiling fan rotation in winter should be clockwise and the fan should run at the lowest speed. This pulls cool air up toward the ceiling, which in turn displaces the warm air that rises and collects near the ceiling. The warmer air disperses down toward the floor and along the walls to make the room feel warmer, allowing you to lower the thermostat. The low speed prevents any drafty "wind chill" and keeps the airflow steady and consistent. When standing under the fan, look up and double-check that the blades are rotating in a clockwise direction.
There are a few exceptions and modifications to the ceiling fan summer and winter rules that you can use to control the air flow in your home.
Vaulted ceilings. Leave the fan on the counterclockwise setting year round since the height of the fan mount makes it unlikely you'll feel any wind chill.
Dining Rooms. To keep the fan from cooling your food too quickly, set it to turn clockwise at a medium or low speed. There will still be air circulation to cool you, but it won't be as intense. The same can be said if you are working on paperwork at the table or perhaps playing cards. A fan set to medium and turning clockwise will keep things from blowing everywhere.
Smokers. Set your ceiling fans to run clockwise when you have a family member or guest who smokes indoors. This will draw the smoke up and away. If possible, open a few windows or turn the AC fan to exhaust to help the smoke leave the room.
Outdoor Pest Control. An outdoor ceiling fan on a porch or covered patio will follow many of the same rules as above for cooling or ventilation. You can also use it on summer evenings to help with insect control. Turn the fan on and have it rotate counterclockwise at high speed. The force of the air will help to keep mosquitos and other flying insects away.


Engineer your IoT, bit by bit!
Let's start with a little on the ESP32 partitions. If you have worked with the ESP8266 before, you already know that ESP8266 flash required files such as boot.bin, user1.bin and blank.bin, etc. All of them were stored in specific locations depending on the flash memory size. The locations and size of the BINs could be set in the LD (linker script) files.
This has changed and become a litle more convenient in the ESP32. You can now change the offsets and locations of your flash partitions using the menuconfig, which can be accessed using $make menuconfig command.
When to edit partition table?
You will have to edit the partition table when your app tends to exceed the maximum size of the default ESP-IDF partition sizes. For example, in the single non-OTA factory app configuration mode, the partition table allows the user app to take up 1MB of flash space, starting from 0x10000.
So how do you increase a partition size to fit in a larger app BIN?
Make sure to save this new sdkconfig before your exit menuconfig.
We are using the AudioBit driver code, which stores a lot of audio data for digital audio playback and the app BIN needs over 1MB space in the flash.
So we have the factor app partitions which starts at 0x10000 and is of 1M size. You can now edit that and also add new partitions if you need to.
as always to compile your project and generate the BIN files for flashing on to ESP32.
Surely, you could go around storing data in a separate partition (which would make sense in OTA type firmware if your data does not need to change).
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The Solgar Liquid Vitamin D3 provides 2500 IU in liquid form and is quicker and more easily absorbed. Nearly all cells in the immune system depend on Vitamin D to function effectively. Vitamin D is produced in your skin upon exposure to sunlight and given the lack of sunlight exposure during these dark and gloomy Winter days, it is impossible to maintain your required levels of this vital vitamin, which cannot even be met through diet alone.
Take Solgar Vitamin D3 preferably during mealtimes each day to ensure you obtain vital immune-enhancing vitamin D3 and better your chances of fighting off colds and flu's this Winter.
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