text:
\section{#1}}
\renewcommand{\theequation}{\thesection.\arabic{equation}}
\begin{document}
\title{ On the effective action of the vacuum photon splitting in Lorentz violating QED through Krein space}
\author{A. Refaei$^{}$ \thanks{e-mail:
refaei@iausdj.ac.ir}}

\maketitle \centerline{\it Department of Physics,  Sanandaj branch, Islamic Azad
University, Sanandaj, Iran.}

\begin{abstract}
The finding of an explicit effective action describing amplitude of photon triple splitting is investigated through Krein space quantization and quantum metric fluctuation. Using the derivative expansion method, the one-loop radiative corrections from Lorentz- and CPT- violating extended Krein QED shows that it is not possible to find a nonzero effective action.
\end{abstract}
\emph{Keywords:} Krein space, Effective action, Regularization, Lorentz violation.

\section{Introduction}
Violation of Lorentz and CPT symmetry in relativistic quantum field theory has not been seen yet. But, if it exists, our understanding about the nature and its symmetry will be disarranged and special relativity will encounter to a serious challenge. However, recently some attempts have been carried out to analyze the several aspects of this possibility, breaking of Lorentz invariance and CPT too \cite{cfj,coko1,coko2,cogl,kospic}. The study of the induction of a photon triple splitting term is an important result in the investigation of the Lorentz symmetry violation\cite{kospic}. In this article, finding the amplitude for vacuum photon splitting in the one-loop radiative corrections from the context of the Lorentz- and CPT- violating QED extension, is investigated by using the derivative expansion of fermion determinants. We will follow the lines and recipes which have been presented in \cite{fapasa}. A nonzero effective action has not been isolated and it has still remained as an open problem. Our method is based on Krein space quantization with quantum metric fluctuation for a spinor field. Through our searching for generating quantum radiatively a nonzero term responsible for the amplitude of splitting, we find the same result for the induction of a photon triplet splitting action.

  Several problems in QFT have been analysed in this manner and some interesting results have been gained \cite{reta1,reta2,foza,fo,paym,payf,re3}. The physical important results, such as one-loop QED effective action, lamb-shift, magnetic anomaly and Euler-Hiesenberg Lagrangian, which have gained in this way, are found in the references \cite{reta1,reta2,foza,re3}. In this research, beside its association with the normal QED, its ability to preserve the gauge invariance is an important problem. Krein space quantization has been appeared as a regularized method and the presence of the negative norm states (proposed by Dirac in 1942 \cite{dir}) although they do not propagate in the physical space, play a renormalizing role \cite{gazeau00,ta3,ta4,rota,gagarota,gaj,sb,derotata,taj}. This quantization method, for the first time, was applied to the minimally coupled scalar field in de Sitter space . It was proved that a covariant quantization of the minimally coupled scalar field in de Sitter space demands addition of the negative frequency solutions of the field equation (or negative norm states) in order to eliminate infrared and
ultraviolet divergences, which maintain causality\cite{gazeau00}.

The organization of this work is as follows:
In section 2, we discuss photon triple splitting and evaluation of its effective action as a theoretical supporting of the discussion. The successor propagator via Krein quantization in metric fluctuated is found in section 3. In section 4, as the final goal of this work we see that a nonzero photon triple splitting effective action can't be isolated.
\section{Photon triple splitting effective action}
We work within the sector of the general QED for a single Dirac field $\psi$ of mass $m$ with an axial vector term
\b {\mathcal{L}}=\overline{\psi}(i\not{\partial}- m -\not{b} \gamma_5-e \not{A})\psi, \e
where $b_{\mu}$ is a constant four-vector with a fixed orientation in space-time \cite{fapasa,kospic,alt}. The term $\overline{\psi}\not{b}\gamma_5\psi$ is gauge invariant and violates Lorentz- and CPT- symmetries explicitly, since $b_{\mu}$ picks up a preferred direction in space-time.
By integrating out the fermion field $\psi$ in the functional integral, the effective action for the gauge field $A_{\mu}(x)$ reads
\b \Gamma[b, A]=-i Tr\ln[\not{p} -m-\not{b}\gamma_5-e\not{A}]. \e
The symbol Tr stands for the trace over Dirac matrices, trace over the internal space as well as for the integrations in momentum and coordinate spaces. One can write
$$ \Gamma[b, A]=\Gamma[b]+\Gamma^{(n)}[b, A], $$
where
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eff1} \Gamma^{(n)}[b, A]&=& -i Tr\ln[1-\frac{e\not{A}}{\not{p} -m-\not{b}\gamma_5}]\nonumber\\
&=&-iTr\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\frac{1}{n}\left[-ieG^{b}(p)\not{A}(x)\right]^n .\end{eqnarray}
All of the terms in the expansion are one loop contribution, but we focus on the fourth term as the one that will search for an induced photon triple splitting term in the effective action. Then
\b \Gamma^{(4)}[b, A]=-\frac{ie^4}{4}$$$$Tr\Big[G^{b}(p)\not{A}(x)G^{b}(p)\not{A}(x)  G^{b}(p)\not{A}(x)G^{b}(p)\not{A}(x)\Big].\e
By applying properties of derivative expansion, using some techniques of calculation as presented in \cite{fapasa},
in order to keep the full dependence on $b_{\mu}$ it may be rationalized to obtain\cite{fapasa,per},
\begin{eqnarray}
  G^{b}(k)&=&i\frac{(\not{p}-m-\not{b}\gamma_5)(p^2-m^2-b^2+[\not{p},\not{b}]\gamma_5)}{(p^2-m^2-b^2)^2+4(p^2b^2-(p.b)^2)},
\end{eqnarray}
where we use a hermitian $\gamma_5$ with $tr\{\gamma^{\mu}\gamma^{\nu}\gamma^{\rho}\gamma^{\sigma}\gamma_5\}=4i\epsilon ^{\mu\nu\rho\sigma}$ and $g_{\mu\nu}=diag\{1,-1,-1,-1\}$. This form represents one of the ways in which the presence of $b$ will affect the photon splitting effect. By applying of this exact form into the calculation procedure, one expands $G^b$ and take the leading order in $b$ as in the form
 \begin{eqnarray}
  G^{b}(k) &=& G(p)+G(p)(-i\not{b}\gamma_5)G(p)+\cdots,
\end{eqnarray}
where $G(p)=\frac{i}{\not{p}-m}$. So, the trace of gamma matrices to isolate the effective action is
\b \label{eff2} \Gamma_{eff}^{(4)}[b,A]=2\int d^4x\Pi^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}_{abcd}(\partial_\rho A_\mu)A_\nu A_\alpha A_\beta,
\e
where$$\Pi^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}_{abcd}=\Pi_{a}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}+\Pi_{b}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}
+\Pi_{c}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}+\Pi_{d}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta},$$ and $\Pi_{a}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta},\Pi_{b}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}
,\Pi_{c}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta},\Pi_{d}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}$ are self-energy tensors written as below
\begin{eqnarray}
\Pi_{a}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}&=& 5ie^4b_\lambda\epsilon^{\mu\rho\nu\lambda}\int \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{(p^2-m^2)\eta^{\alpha\beta}-6p^\alpha p^\beta}{(p^2-m^2)^4},\nonumber\\
\Pi_{b}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}&=& 6ie^4b_\lambda\epsilon^{\mu\sigma\rho\lambda}\int \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{3(p^2-m^2)p_\sigma p^\nu\eta^{\alpha\beta}-8p_\sigma p^\nu p^\alpha p^\beta}{(p^2-m^2)^5},\nonumber\\
\Pi_{c}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}&=& 6ie^4b_\lambda\epsilon^{\sigma\nu\rho\lambda}\int \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{3(p^2-m^2)p_\sigma p^\mu\eta^{\alpha\beta}-8p_\sigma p^\mu p^\alpha p^\beta}{(p^2-m^2)^5},\nonumber\\
\Pi_{d}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}&=& 6ie^4b_\lambda\epsilon^{\mu\mu\sigma\lambda}\int \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{3(p^2-m^2)p_\sigma p^\rho\eta^{\alpha \beta}-8p_\alpha p^\rho p^\alpha p^\beta}{(p^2-m^2)^5}.
\label{111}
\end{eqnarray}
It has been shown that these tensors independently vanish. Then, a nonzero photon triple splitting effective action cannot be isolated \cite{fapasa}.

\section{Krein space and Dirac propagator }
As a well-behavior alternative in the quantization methods, we introduce the Krein space quantization. The essential point in this structure is the unavoidable presence of the negative norm states which was proposed by Dirac in 1942 for the first time. They do not propagate in the physical space but they are auxiliary states playing a renormalizing role. Krein space has been constructed by the combination of Hilbert, ${\mathcal{H_{+}}}$, and anti-Hilbert, ${\mathcal{H_{-}}}$, spaces ($\mathcal{H}=\mathcal{H_{+}}\oplus \mathcal{H_{-}}$), where plus and minus indices stand for the positive and negative frequency solutions respectively.

 Let us start with Dirac equation
  \b \label{eq1}
(i\gamma^{\mu}\partial_{\mu}-m)\psi=(i\not{\partial}-m)\psi=0.\e
 Two sets of solutions are given by:
\b u_\alpha(k,x)=\sqrt{\frac{{m}}{{k_0}(2\pi)^3}}u_\alpha(k)e^{-ik.x},\e
\b v_\alpha(k,x)=\sqrt{\frac{{m}}{{k_0}(2\pi)^3}}v_\alpha(k)e^{ik.x},\e
 where $ k^0=(\vec k .\vec k+m^2)^{\frac{1}{2}} \equiv w(\vec k)\geq 0$, note that $v_\alpha$ has the
negative norm.
In Krein QFT we can decompose the spinor field into positive and negative norm parts:
 \b \psi(x)=\frac{1}{\sqrt
2}[\psi^p(x)+\psi^n(x)],\e
where $$ \psi^p(x)=\int d^3\vec k \sum_{\alpha=1,2}\Big[a(\vec k)u_\alpha(k,x)+a^{\dag}(\vec
k)u^{*}_\alpha(k,x)\Big],$$ $$ \psi^n(x)=\int d^3\vec k \sum_{\alpha=1,2}\Big[b(\vec k)v_\alpha(k,x)+b^{\dag}(\vec
k)v^{*}_\alpha(k,x)\Big].$$  $a(\vec k)$ and $b(\vec
k)$ are two independent operators. Creation and annihilation operators are constrained to obey the
following commutation rules
\begin{equation}
[a(\overrightarrow{k}),a(\overrightarrow{k^{'}})]=0,\quad[a^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k}),a^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k^{'}})]=0,
\label{9}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
[b(\overrightarrow{k}),b(\overrightarrow{k^{'}})]=0,\quad [b^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k}),b^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k^{'}})]=0,$$$$
[a(\overrightarrow{k}),a^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k^{'}})]=
-[b(\overrightarrow{k}),b^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k^{'}})]=
\delta^3(\overrightarrow{k}-\overrightarrow{k^{'}}),
\label{10}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
[a(\vec{k}),b(\overrightarrow{k^{'}})]=0,\quad[a^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k}),b^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k^{'}})]=0,$$$$
[a(\overrightarrow{k}),b^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k^{'}})]=0,\quad [a^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k}),b(\overrightarrow{k^{'}})]=0.
\label{11}
\end{equation}
The vacuum state, $|0>$, is then defined by
$$ a^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k})|0>= |1_{\overrightarrow{k}}>;  \quad   a(\overrightarrow{k})|0>=0  ,\forall \overrightarrow{k}$$
$$ b(\overrightarrow{k})|0>=0;\quad  b^\dagger(\overrightarrow{k})|0>=|\bar{1}_{\overrightarrow{k}}>,
\forall \overrightarrow{k} $$
\begin{equation}
  b(\overrightarrow{k})|1_{\overrightarrow{k}}>=0;
\quad a(\overrightarrow{k})|\bar{1}_{\overrightarrow{k}}>=0,\forall \overrightarrow{k}
\label{14}
\end{equation}
where $| 1_{\vec{k}} >$ is called a one ''particle state'' and $|\bar{1}_{\vec{k}} >$ is called a one ''unparticle state''. These
commutation relations, together with the normalization of the vacuum $$<0|0>=1,$$ lead to positive (resp. negative) norms on the physical (resp. unphysical) sector:
\b
<1_{\overrightarrow{k^{'}}}|1_{\overrightarrow{k}}>
=-<\bar{1}_{\overrightarrow{k^{'}}}|\bar{1}_{\overrightarrow{k}}>=\delta^3(\overrightarrow{k}-\overrightarrow{k^{'}}).\e
The time-ordered product for the spinor field is
\b <S_T(x-x')>\equiv(i\not{\partial}+m)<G_T(x,x')>, \label{sp}\e
where
 \b iS_T(x,x')=<0\mid T\psi(x)\bar{\psi}(x') \mid 0>.\e
In this case we can write
  \b G_T(x,x')=\frac{1}{2}[G_F(x,x')+(G_F(x,x'))^*]=\Re G_F(x,x'),\e
where the Feynman Green function is defined by \cite{bida}
\b G_F(x,x')=\int \frac{d^4 p}{(2\pi)^4}e^{-ip.(x-x') }\tilde
G_F(p)$$$$=\int \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{e^{-ip.(x-x')}}{p^2-m^2+i\epsilon} \label{eq:2}
=-\frac{1}{8\pi}\delta
(\sigma_0)$$$$+\frac{m^2}{8\pi}\theta(\sigma_0)\frac{J_1
(\sqrt{2m^2\sigma_0})-iN_1 (\sqrt{2m^2\sigma_0})}{\sqrt{2m^2
\sigma_0}} $$$$-\frac{im^2}{4\pi^2}\theta(-\sigma_0)\frac{K_1
(\sqrt{-2m^2\sigma_0})}{\sqrt{-2m^2 \sigma_0}},\e
 where
$\sigma_0=\frac{1}{2}(x-x')^2 .$ So we have \b G_T(x,x')=\int
\frac{d^4 p}{(2\pi)^4}e^{-ip.(x-x')}{\cal
PP}\frac{1}{p^2-m^2}$$$$ =-\frac{1}{8\pi}\delta
(\sigma_0)+\frac{m^2}{8\pi}\theta(\sigma_0)\frac{J_1
(\sqrt{2m^2\sigma_0})}{\sqrt{2m^2 \sigma_0}},
\label{28}
\e
$x\neq x',$ and ${\cal PP}$ stands for the principal parts. Contribution of the
coincident point singularity $(x=x')$ merely appears in the
imaginary part of $G_F$ (\cite{ta3} and equation (9.52) in \cite{bida})
$$ G_F(x,x)=-\frac{2i}{(4\pi)^2}\frac{m^2}{d-4}+G_F^{\mbox{finit}}(x,x),$$ where $d$ is the space-time dimension and
$G_F^{\mbox{finit}}(x,x)$ becomes finite as $d\longrightarrow 4$.
Note that the singularity of the Eq.(\ref{28}) takes place only on
the cone \emph{i.e.,} $x\neq x', \sigma_0=0$.

It has been shown that the quantum metric fluctuations remove the
singularities of Green's functions on the light-cone \cite{ford97}.
Therefore, the quantum field theory in Krein space, including the
quantum metric fluctuation $\left(
g_{\mu\nu}=\eta_{\mu\nu}+h_{\mu\nu}\right)$, removes all the
ultraviolet divergencies of the theory \cite{rota,ford97}, so one
can write: \begin{eqnarray} \label{a.210}\langle G_T(x,x')\rangle &=& -\frac{1 }{8\pi}
\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2\langle\sigma_1^2\rangle}}
\exp\left(-\frac{\sigma_0^2}{2\langle\sigma_1^2\rangle}\right)\nonumber\\&+&
 \frac{m^2}{8\pi}\theta(\sigma_0)\frac{J_1(\sqrt {2m^2
 \sigma_0})}{\sqrt {2m^2 \sigma_0}},\end{eqnarray}
where $2\sigma= g_{\mu\nu}(x^{\mu}-
x'^{\mu})(x^{\nu} - x'^{\nu})$ and $\sigma_1$ is the first order shift in $\sigma$, due to
the linear quantum gravity ($\sigma=\sigma_0+\sigma_1+\emph{O}(h^2)$). The average value is taken over the quantum metric fluctuation and in the case of $2\sigma_0 =\eta_{\mu\nu}(x^{\mu}- x'^{\mu})(x^{\nu} - x'^{\nu})=0$ we have
$\langle\sigma_1^2\rangle\neq 0$. So, we get \b \langle
G_T(0)\rangle = -\frac{1 }{8\pi}
\sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2\langle\sigma_1^2\rangle}} +
 \frac{m^2}{8\pi}\frac{1}{2}.\e
It should be noted that $ \langle\sigma_1^2\rangle $ is related to
the density of gravitons \cite{ford97}.

By using the Fourier transformation of Dirac delta function,
$$ -\frac{1}{8\pi}\delta(\sigma_0)= \int \frac{d^4
p}{(2\pi)^4}e^{-ip.(x-x')}{\cal PP}\frac{1}{p^2},$$or equivalently
$$\frac{1}{8\pi^2}\frac{1}{\sigma_0}= -\int \frac{d^4
p}{(2\pi)^4}e^{-ip.(x-x')}\pi\delta(p^2),$$ for the second part of
Green function in (\ref{a.210}), we obtain \b
\int \frac{d^4
p}{(2\pi)^4}e^{-ip.(x-x')}{\cal PP}\frac{m^2}{p^2(p^2-m^2)}\e
and for the first part we have $$
\int \frac{d^4
p}{(2\pi)^4}e^{-ik.(x-x') }  \tilde{G}_1(p),$$
 where $\tilde{G_1}$ is fourier transformation of the first part of the Green function (\ref{a.210}). Therefore, we
obtain \b \label{eq:22}<\tilde G_T(p)>=\tilde{G}_1(p)+{\cal
PP}\frac{m^2}{p^2(p^2-m^2)}.\e It has been proved
that in the one-loop approximation, the Green function in Krein
space quantization, which appears in the transition amplitude is: \begin{eqnarray} <\tilde G_T(p)>\mid_{\mbox{one-loop}}&\equiv & \tilde
G_T(p)\mid_{\mbox{one-loop}}\nonumber\\&\equiv &{\cal PP}
\frac{m^2}{p^2(p^2-m^2)}.
\label{213} \end{eqnarray}
 That means in the one-loop
approximation, the contribution of $\tilde{G_1}(p)$ is negligible.
It is worth mentioning that in order to improve the UV behavior in
relativistic higher-derivative correction theories, the propagator
(\ref{213}) has been used by some authors \cite{bach,ho,ka}.

Therefor, from equations (\ref{sp}) and (\ref{213}), the Fourier transformation of spinor propagator becomes
\begin{eqnarray} (\not{p}+m)\Big[{\cal PP}
\frac{m^2}{p^2(p^2-m^2)}\Big].
\end{eqnarray}
\section{ Effective action in Krein space}
By preparing the new propagator, we are ready to evaluate the photon self-energy tensors in our new approach. In the equations (2.8), $\frac{1}{p^2-m^2}$ term can be replaced by, $\frac{m^2}{p^2(p^2-m^2)},$ as a Green function in Krein space quantization with metric fluctuation (${\mathcal{PP}}$ symbol has been vanished because the $\epsilon$ value has been equaled to zero). Consequently, the self-energy tensors in the new approach and in a compact form become
  \begin{eqnarray}
\Pi_{K,a}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}&=& 5im^6e^4b_\lambda\epsilon^{\mu\rho\nu\lambda}\left(\eta^{\alpha\beta}I_3-6m^2I^{\alpha \beta}_4\right),
\nonumber\\
\Pi_{K,b}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}&=&6im^8e^4b_\lambda\epsilon^{\mu\sigma\rho\lambda}\left(3\eta_{\theta\sigma} \eta^{\alpha\beta} I^{\theta\nu}_4-8m^2\eta_{\theta\sigma}I^{\theta\nu \alpha \beta}_5\right),
\nonumber\\
\Pi_{K,c}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}&=& 6im^8e^4b_\lambda\epsilon^{\sigma\nu\rho\lambda }\left(3\eta_{\theta\sigma} \eta^{\alpha\beta}I^{\theta \mu}_4-8m^2\eta_{\theta\sigma}I^{\theta\mu\alpha\beta}_5\right),
\nonumber\\
\Pi_{K,d}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}&=& 6im^8e^4b_\lambda\epsilon^{\mu\nu\sigma\lambda}\left(3\eta_{\theta\sigma}\eta^{\alpha\beta}I^{\theta \rho}_4-8m^2\eta_{\theta\sigma}I^{\theta \rho \alpha \beta}_5\right),
\label{tensap1}
 \end{eqnarray}
where we have
 \begin{eqnarray} I_3&=& \int \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{1}{[p^2(p^2-m^2)]^3},\nonumber\\  I_4^{\lambda\nu}&=&\int \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{p^\lambda p^\nu}{[p^2(p^2-m^2)]^4},\nonumber\\  I_5^{\sigma\mu\alpha\beta}&=&
\int \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{p^\sigma p^\nu p^\alpha p^\beta}{[p^2(p^2-m^2)]^5}.\label{is}\end{eqnarray}
Now, we may calculate the above integrals explicitly. The argument of denominators may be changed to a complete square and in 4-D Minkowski space by Wick rotation, $p_0\rightarrow ip_0$, we can write $d^4p=i2\pi^2p^3dp.$ Also, one can take $k=p^2+\frac{m^2}{2}$ and $dk=2pdp.$ The expressions in (\ref{is}) are decomposed as

 \begin{eqnarray} I_3&=& \int i\frac{2\pi^2p^3dp}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{1}{[(p^2+\frac{m^2}{2})^2-\frac{m^4}{4}]^3}\nonumber\\&=&\int i\frac{(k-\frac{m^2}{2})dk}{16\pi^2}\frac{1}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^3}\nonumber\\&=& \frac{i}{16\pi^2}\int \frac{kdk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^3}- \frac{im^2}{32\pi^2}\int \frac{dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^3},\label{i1}\end{eqnarray}
 in the numerator of the symmetric integrand we replaced $p^\lambda p^\nu$ by $\frac{1}{4}\eta^{\lambda\nu}p^2,$ then
\begin{eqnarray}I^{\lambda\nu}_4&=& \int i\frac{2\pi^2p^3dp}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{-\frac{1}{4}\eta^{\lambda\nu}p^2}{[(p^2+\frac{m^2}{2})^2-\frac{m^4}{4}]^4} \nonumber\\ &=& -\frac{i}{4}\int \frac{(k-\frac{m^2}{2})dk}{16\pi^2}\frac{\eta^{\lambda\nu}(k-\frac{m^2}{2})}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^4}\nonumber\\
&=& -\frac{1}{4}\frac{i\eta^{\lambda\nu}}{16\pi^2}\Big(\int \frac{k^2dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^4}-m^2\int \frac{kdk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^4}\nonumber\\&+&\frac{m^4}{4}\int \frac{dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^4} \Big),\label{i2}\end{eqnarray}
also, in $I^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}_n$, we will substitute $p^\sigma p^\nu p^\alpha p^\beta=\frac{1}{24}G^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}p^4$ and after all the changes we have
\begin{eqnarray}\label{i3} I^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}_5&=&\int \frac{d^4p}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{p^\sigma p^\nu p^\alpha p^\beta}{[p^2(p^2-m^2)]^5}\nonumber\\&=& \int i\frac{2\pi^2p^3dp}{(2\pi)^4}\frac{\frac{1}{24}G^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}p^4}{[(p^2+\frac{m^2}{2})^2-\frac{m^4}{4}]^5}\nonumber\\ &=& \int i \frac{dk}{16\times 24\pi^2}\frac{G^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}(k-\frac{m^2}{2})^3}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^5}\nonumber\\ &=&\frac{iG^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}}
{16\times 24\pi^2}\Big(\int \frac{k^3dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^5}-\frac{3m^2}{2}\int \frac{k^2dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^5}\nonumber\\ &+&\frac{3m^4}{4}\int \frac{kdk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^5}-\frac{m^6}{8}\int \frac{dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^5} \Big).\end{eqnarray}
where $G^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}=\eta^{\sigma\nu}\eta^{\alpha\beta}+\eta^{\sigma\alpha}\eta^{\nu\beta}+\eta^{\sigma\beta}\eta^{\nu\alpha}.$ Evaluating of the equations (\ref{i1}), (\ref{i2}) and (\ref{i3}) have a lot of details, hence, one can rewrite these expressions in a compact form as
 \begin{eqnarray}\label{a.14} I_3&=& \frac{i}{16\pi^2}\Big(J^1_3- \frac{m^2}{2}J^0_3\Big).\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{a.15}I^{\lambda\nu}_4
 &=&-\frac{1}{4}\frac{i\eta^{\lambda\nu}}
{16\pi^2}\Big(J^2_4-m^2J^1_4 +\frac{m^4}{4}J^0_4 \Big).\end{eqnarray}
\begin{eqnarray}\label{a.16}I^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}_5&=&\frac{1}{24}\frac{iG^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}}
{16\pi^2}\Big(J^3_5-\frac{3m^2}{2}J^2_5+\frac{3m^4}{4}J^1_5-\frac{m^6}{8}J^0_5 \Big).\end{eqnarray}
where
\b J^j_{n}=\int \frac{k^j dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^n}, \quad \begin{array}{c}
        n=3  \\
         j=0,1
       \end{array},\quad \begin{array}{c}
        n=4  \\
         j=0,1,2
       \end{array},\quad \begin{array}{c}
        n=5 \\
         j=0,1,2,3
       \end{array}.\e
In appendix we have taken solutions of $J^j_{n}$ in different values of j, and $I_3, I^{\lambda\nu}_4$ and $I^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}_5$ expressions have obtained as
\b I_3=\frac{3i}{16\pi^2m^8}\ln\frac{m^2}{\mu^2},\quad I^{\lambda\nu}_4=-\frac{i\eta^{\lambda\nu}}{16\pi^2m^{10}}\ln\frac{m^2}{\mu^2}
,\quad I^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}_5=\frac{5i G^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}}{16\pi^2 \times 24 m^{10}}\ln\frac{m^2}{\mu^2} \label{i},\e
where $\mu^2$ is the scale of energy and tends to zero. We notice that, by using the items of equations (\ref{i}) into equations (\ref{tensap1}), the self-energy tensors become
\b
\Pi_{K,a}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}=-\frac{45e^4b_\lambda\epsilon^{\mu\rho\nu\lambda}\eta^{\alpha\beta}}{16\pi^2m^2}\ln\frac{m^2}{\mu^2},\quad
\Pi_{K,b}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}=\Pi_{K,c}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}=\Pi_{K,d}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}= -\frac{9e^4b_\lambda\epsilon^{\mu\rho\nu\lambda}\eta^{\alpha\beta}}{\pi^2m^2}\ln\frac{m^2}{\mu^2},
\label{tensap2}
 \e
 and the sum all of the tensors is
 \b
\Pi_{K,a,b,c,d}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}=-\frac{189e^4b_\lambda\epsilon^{\mu\rho\nu\lambda}\eta^{\alpha\beta}}{16\pi^2}\frac{1}{m^2}\ln\frac{m^2}{\mu^2}.
\label{tensap3}\e
 At low energy, $p^2=0$, and to avoid the gauge invariant breaking and the lack of divergency in the theory, it should be applied the large $m$ limit or equivalently, $m^2 \rightarrow \infty.$ It is clear that
 \b
\lim_{\begin{array}{c}
         \mu^2\rightarrow 0, \\
         m^2\rightarrow \infty
       \end{array}}\frac{1}{m^2}\ln\frac{m^2}{\mu^2}=0,
\label{tensap0}
 \e
    which leads to
  \b
\Pi_{K,a,b,c,d}^{\mu\rho\nu\alpha\beta}=0.
 \e

Then a nonzero photon triple splitting effective action can not be isolated which is in line with the results in \cite{kospic} and \cite{fapasa}. One may find the Krein regularization in quantum metric fluctuated as a reliable way in obtaining physical results. As we know, the negative norm states and quantum fluctuation of the metric especially play the main role in this research and the outstanding advantage of the method is the preservation of gauge invariance.

\section{Conclusion}
In summary, we have discussed the Lorentz- and CPT violating extended QED to investigate the induction of an amplitude for vacuum photon splitting by using the derivative expansion of fermion determinants through Krein regularization. An effective action describing amplitude of photon triplet splitting can not be found in the presented method. One of the noticeable point of this method is its flexibility in the preserving of the gauge invariance. Our result is the same as the one which was investigated in the usual QED. The combination of the negative norm states and metric fluctuated in QFT, provides not only a regularized theory but also its consequences coincide with the normal theory results, at least in this study.
\vskip 0.5 cm

\noindent {\bf{Acknowledgments}}: I would like to thank Prof. M. V. Takook and Prof. F. Kheirandish for very useful discussion.

\begin{appendix}
\setcounter{equation}{0}
\section{Some details of calculations}
Here we give the solutions of $J^i_n$ in (\ref{a.14}), (\ref{a.15}) and (\ref{a.16}) equations and finally we find the expressions of $I_3$, $I^{\lambda\nu}_4$ and $I^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}_5$
\begin{eqnarray}  \nonumber J^0_3 &=& \int \frac{dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^3}=
\frac{96k^3}{m^8\big(4k^2-m^4\big)^2}-\frac{40k}{m^4\big(4k^2-m^4\big)^2}
-\frac{6}{m^{10}}\ln\frac{k+\frac{m}{2}}{k-\frac{m}{2}}\\ \Rightarrow
\lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}J^0_3&=& -\frac{1}{2m^6p^4}-\frac{6}{m^{10}}\ln(1+\frac{m^2}{p^2}).\\  J^1_3&=&\int \frac{kdk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^3}=-\frac{4}{\big(-4k^2+m^4\big)^2}\Rightarrow\lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}J^1_3=-\frac{1}{4m^{4}p^4}.
 \\ I_3 &=& \frac{i}{16\pi^2}\lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}\big(J^1_3-\frac{m^2}{2}J^0_3\big)=\frac{3i}{16\pi^2m^8}\ln\frac{m^2}{p^2}.\end{eqnarray}

\begin{eqnarray}\nonumber J^0_4&=&\int \frac{dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^4}=\frac{8\times 160 k^5}{m^{12}\big(-4k^2+m^4\big)^3}-\frac{8\times320 k^3}{3m^{8}\big(-4k^2+m^4\big)^3}\\ \nonumber&+&\frac{8\times 22 k}{m^{4}\big(-4k^2+m^4\big)^3}+\frac{20}{m^{14}}\ln\frac{k+\frac{m}{2}}{k-\frac{m}{2}} \\ \Rightarrow\lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}J^0_4&=&-\frac{1}{3m^{8}p^6}+\frac{20}{m^{14}}\ln(1+\frac{m^2}{p^2}).\\ J^1_4&=&\int \frac{kdk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^4}=-\frac{1}{6\big(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4}\big)^3}\Rightarrow\lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}J^1_4=-\frac{1}{6m^{6}p^6}.\\ \nonumber J^2_4&=&\int \frac{k^2dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^4}=-\frac{64 k^5}{m^{8}\big(-4k^2+m^4\big)^3}+\frac{128 k^3}{3m^{4}\big(-4k^2+m^4\big)^3}\\ \nonumber &+& \frac{4 k}{\big(-4k^2+m^4\big)^3}
-\frac{1}{m^{10}}\ln\frac{k+\frac{m}{2}}{k-\frac{m}{2}}\\
\Rightarrow \lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}J^2_4&=&-\frac{1}{12m^{4}p^6}-\frac{1}{m^{10}}\ln(1+\frac{m^2}{p^2}).\\ I^{\lambda\nu}_4 &=&-\frac{i\eta^{\lambda\nu}}{64\pi^2}\lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}\big(J^2_4-m^2J^1_4+\frac{m^4}{4}J^0_4\big)=-\frac{i\eta^{\lambda\nu}}{16\pi^2m^{10}}\ln\frac{m^2}{p^2}.\end{eqnarray}

\begin{eqnarray} \nonumber J_5^0 &=&\int \frac{dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^5}=\frac{8}{3}\Big(\frac{ 6720 k^7}{m^{16}(-4k^2+m^4)^4}-\frac{6160 k^5}{m^{12}(-4k^2+m^4)^4}\\ \nonumber &+&\frac{2044 k^3}{m^{8}(-4k^2+m^4)^4}-\frac{279 k}{m^{4}(-4k^2+m^4)^4}\Big)-\frac{70}{m^{18}}\ln(1+\frac{m^2}{p^2})\\ \Rightarrow\lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}J^0_5&=&-\frac{1}{4m^{10}p^8}-\frac{70}{m^{18}}\ln(1+\frac{m^2}{p^2}).\\ J_5^1&=&-\frac{32}{(-4k^2+m^4)^4}\Rightarrow\lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}J^1_5=-\frac{1}{8m^{8}p^8}. \\ \nonumber J_5^2&=&\int \frac{k^2dk}{(k^2-\frac{m^4}{4})^5}=\frac{2}{3}\Big(-\frac{960 k^7}{m^{12}(-4k^2+m^4)^4}+\frac{880 k^5}{m^{8}(-4k^2+m^4)^4}\\ \nonumber
&-&\frac{292 k^3}{m^{4}(-4k^2+m^4)^4}+\frac{15 k}{(-4k^2+m^4)^4}\Big)+\frac{5}{2m^{14}}\ln(1+\frac{m^2}{p^2})\\ \Rightarrow\lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}J^2_5&=&-\frac{1}{8m^{6}p^8}+\frac{5}{2m^{14}}\ln(1+\frac{m^2}{p^2}).\\ J_5^3&=&\frac{8(-16k^2+m^4)}{3(-4k^2+m^4)^4} \Rightarrow\lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}J^3_5=-\frac{1}{8m^{4}p^8}.\\ \nonumber I^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}_5&=&\frac{1}{24}\frac{iG^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}}
{16\pi^2}\lim_{p^2\rightarrow 0}\Big(J^3_5-\frac{3m^2}{2}J^2_5+\frac{3m^4}{4}J^1_5-\frac{m^6}{8}J^0_5 \Big)\\
I^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}_5&=&\frac{5i G^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}}{16\pi^2 \times 24 m^{10}}\ln\frac{m^2}{p^2}.\end{eqnarray}

\end{appendix}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Mundo Azteca
The Back Page
The Daily Aztec
Muslim students stand in solidarity with victims of New Zealand shooting
A student placed post-it with words of support on a wooden board in the student union on March 25.
Bella Ross
by Bella Ross, News Editor
In a display of solidarity following the shooting at a mosque in New Zealand, San Diego State's Muslim Student Association took a few hours to honor those who lost their lives by praying and spreading notes of support.
What group members cited as a last-minute effort ended up being a huge success, as the event's location in the middle of Conrad Prebys Aztec Student Union after 10 a.m. Monday attracted many passersby.
The main attraction was three wooden boards in the middle of space, featuring post-its with words of support written by students as well as the faces of those who lost their lives in the New Zealand, Pittsburgh and Charleston shootings.
"I am not Muslim, but I have felt the pain of being hated for my religion," one of the post-its read. "I stand with you."
Muslim Student Association President Leena Elmaleh said part of the intent in including information about shootings other than just the one in New Zealand was to show the scope of the issue and how endangers those of many religions.
"Our members really just wanted to honor the New Zealand victims after the tragic events and just bring to light the bigger problem of attacks on places of worship," Elmaleh said. "So, we decided to also incorporate other attacks on places of worship such as the Charleston church shooting and the Tree of Life synagogue shooting in Pittsburgh."
While New Zealand is thousands of miles from San Diego, interdisciplinary studies senior and member of the Muslim Student Association Subrein Damanhoury said one of the primary goals of the event was showing these kinds of issues are still close to home.
"A couple of weeks ago at the New Zealand attack that had happened, more than 51 people lost their lives," Damanhoury said. "So, we didn't really want to make the event just about us, about Muslims and how we were affected by it because we felt like this was much bigger than just us. This was not an isolated incident."
Aside from the display, the event also featured a few speakers and a moment of prayer.
As most students walked past the event without breaking their gazes from their phones, participants in the event said these people are part of the problem. SDSU freshman Mawadda Ismail said she thinks the Muslim community deserves better.
"Not to be harsh, but silence is complacency," Ismail said. "And at the end of the day, if something happens to another student on this campus, obviously everybody would want all of the students to show their support. I just feel like on this campus we lack unity."
Aside from a March 15 campus-wide email from Chief Diversity Officer Luke Wood announcing the university's solidarity with the Muslim community in light of the shooting, the campus has been mostly silent on the issue.
Neuroscience senior Maryam Dakhil said this is an issue she sees not only on campus but in the larger San Diego community.
"I just felt like this is the only outlet," Dakhil said. "I live in San Diego. I'm a local. And this is an outlet where the students are involved, where we can talk about what happened with New Zealand and stuff and have it brought to our fellow students."
Editor-in-Chief Will Fritz contributed to this story.
muslim student association
Commenting on our site is a privilege. We want our readers to add their point of view to every story but ask that they keep their comments relevant to the topic at hand. We will remove comments and possibly ban users who do the following: (1) Use vulgar or racist language, (2) Threaten harm of any sort to staff, commenters or the subject of an article, and (3) Leave spam in their comment. If you have questions about these rules, please contact our Editor in Chief at: editor@thedailyaztec.com
New details come forth about investigation into death of SDSU freshman
Feagin's season-high scoring keeps Aztecs undefeated in win over Boise State
Four more fraternities placed on interim suspension following alcohol, hazing, health violations
Aztecs stay undefeated at 19-0 behind Wetzell's double-double
Rocky Long retires as Aztecs' head coach, Brady Hoke to take over
What is SDSU doing to prepare for an active shooter?
Student advocates call for financial aid reform in governor's budget
San Diego State unveils final Environmental Impact Report, new park renderings ahead of critical week of city, state meetings
Fourth annual Women's March takes place in Downtown San Diego
Anti-semitic leaders invited to speak at SDSU slavery reparations summit
Emergency repairs planned for campus steam system
College of Extended Studies changes name to better reflect university vision
Police searching for man suspected of indecent exposure on campus
Vigil hosted to honor the memory of Dylan Hernandez

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
State aid running out of control
Alec Burnside argues that despite the Directorate-General for competition's good intentions, its results continue to fall short of expectationsTHE European Commission's school report for merger control reads 'very good'.
Its track record in combating cartels, restrictive agreements and abuse of market dominance has consistently been judged as 'fair', although its parents have been asked why the pupil's outstanding performance in merger control has not been repeated in these other areas.
When it comes to control of state aid, however, there is considerable cause for concern. The report reads 'tries hard, but results are poor'. Despite the Directorate-General for competition's (DGIV) will to achieve, its results continue to fall short of expectations.
Undeniably, the pupil has made progress in recent years. But the ad hoc adoption of various guidelines and notices, and the accretion of some case-law, have not been sufficient to keep up with the ever-increasing demands on the system caused by factors such as enlargement, the reunification of Germany, recession and unemployment.
As a result, and as the Commission's own fifth state aid survey published last year recognised, overall levels of state aid are not falling and may even be rising. Individual amounts of aid are increasing and more aid is granted by the wealthier member states, increasing disparities between EU countries in direct conflict with the 'cohesion principle'.
There have been a number of high-profile débâcles such as the Crédit Lyonnais case, and various examples in the airline industry (covered by the Directorate-General for transport) in which political expediency is the only credible explanation for allowing member states repeatedly to step in and rescue ailing, or terminally ill, national champions.
It is true that state aid control is very different from DGIV's other tasks, which tend mainly to involve the interests of private companies. State aid, on the other hand, pits the Commission directly against member states.
This is the most obvious but not the only explanation for the lower success rate. Another is the open-ended character of the prohibition in the treaty, which has remained the only formal legal text in this area.
In other words, state aid law has for far too long been 'soft' law. A serious effort needs to be made to convert it into 'hard' law.
At present, the rules exist only as general statements of principle into which arrangements based on political expediency can all too easily be made to fit.
The result has been inconsistent decisions, each one based on the political needs of the moment, which together do not amount to a coherent body of principle.
This is in contrast to the EU treaty Articles 85 and 86 concerning anti-competitive agreements and abuse of a dominant position. Their meaning has been highly refined by the Commission and the Courts so as to form a more or less consistent framework.
This is not to suggest that political considerations can ever be completely expunged from a system of state aid control. This is not the case even in other areas of competition law in which countries have less directly at stake. Nevertheless, they should cease to wield the clout they have at present.
It is widely agreed in this context that the Commission's 18 February proposal for a procedural regulation is, or could have been, an extremely significant event.
'Procedural' here does not mean merely administrative and technical. Rather, it is a regulation which could play a large part in determining the future direction of state aid policy by giving the system teeth. In the event, the Commission's proposal does little more than codify the existing order, which is an opportunity missed.
As far as time-limits are concerned, the adoption of a procedural regulation in principle offers a choice between two distinct approaches already found in DGIV.
One is the approach taken under Articles 85 and 86, characterised by an absence of deadlines and long periods of uncertainty for those involved. The other approach is seen in merger control. Here there are not only strict deadlines, but the time allowed is as short as is reasonable given the consultation requirements and the complexity of the issues concerned. The former procedure is much criticised; the latter has contributed to a system which generally enjoys the respect and support of the business community.
The Commission's proposal on state aid, by affirming the status quo, falls somewhere between these two, and as such will do little to diminish political pressures.
The existing two-month 'Lorenz period' for initial consideration is to be formalised, with an official decision to be taken at the end of that period. However, no time-limit has been set for completion of any in-depth investigation. This not only perpetuates the long periods of uncertainty, but it also allows politically delicate issues to be shelved indefinitely and provides more time for political pressure to be brought to bear.
Nor does the new proposal deal satisfactorily with the involvement of third parties. Given the considerable political pressure from member states to approve state aid, consistent and predictable decisions based on legal and economic principles can only be ensured if third parties play an active, counterbalancing role. This may be direct, through representations to the Commission, or via national or European Court actions.
It would be useful for the Commission to have powers to request information directly from third parties – including aid beneficiaries – in relation to both notified and non-notified aid. This might also have the beneficial side-effect of making member states more forthcoming with information themselves.
Transparency is also currently lacking at a number of levels. There is insufficient information available in a timely manner on what aid is being granted, what procedures are followed and precisely what substantive rules are to be applied. It would be very simple for a notice of all proposed aid over given thresholds to be published in the Official Journal or on DGIV's website.
If transparency is increased, a virtuous circle will be set up.
It will be harder for political pressure to be exerted. A reduction in political pressure will in turn lead to greater consistency of decisions which, likewise, will improve transparency.
Successful procedural reform could open the way for effective action on several fronts where the Commission has been hamstrung by political pressure.
Cases involving rescue and restructuring aid often involve national champions and so tend to be highly politicised: Crédit Lyonnais is the archetypal example. To allow the bank to collapse was unthinkable for France, and the Commission gave every appearance of having caved in under French pressure.
Similar examples could be given involving most, if not all the member states. New guidelines on rescue and restructuring aid are to be adopted, but policy is unlikely to change unless the Commission's hand is considerably strengthened.
Another delicate proposal likely to be fiercely resisted by some member states is that of using the state aid rules to combat tax competition between member states.
Because of the notorious difficulty in achieving the necessary unanimity on tax issues, the Commission is threatening to bring state aid proceedings against countries which attempt to attract investment through favourable tax regimes. This may well be a good idea, but the prospect of success would be altogether greater under a hard law system.
The Commission seems to be letting the opportunity to obtain substantive changes to its powers slip through its fingers. If it does, then we will not have seen the last of the institution's state aid fiascos.
Alec Burnside is the head of the Brussels office of the international law firm Linklaters, which is assisting the British Chamber of Commerce in organising a seminar on state aid on 26 March at the Sheraton Hotel in Brussels.
France	Germany


text:
Colorado/
Title 13. Courts and Court Procedure/
§ 13-21-111
Colorado Revised Statutes Title 13. Courts and Court Procedure § 13-21-111. Negligence cases--comparative negligence as measure of damages
Search Colorado Revised Statutes
(1) Contributory negligence shall not bar recovery in any action by any person or his legal representative to recover damages for negligence resulting in death or in injury to person or property, if such negligence was not as great as the negligence of the person against whom recovery is sought, but any damages allowed shall be diminished in proportion to the amount of negligence attributable to the person for whose injury, damage, or death recovery is made.
(2) In any action to which subsection (1) of this section applies, the court, in a nonjury trial, shall make findings of fact or, in a jury trial, the jury shall return a special verdict which shall state:
(a) The amount of the damages which would have been recoverable if there had been no contributory negligence; and
(b) The degree of negligence of each party, expressed as a percentage.
(3) Upon the making of the finding of fact or the return of a special verdict, as is required by subsection (2) of this section, the court shall reduce the amount of the verdict in proportion to the amount of negligence attributable to the person for whose injury, damage, or death recovery is made; but, if the said proportion is equal to or greater than the negligence of the person against whom recovery is sought, then, in such event, the court shall enter a judgment for the defendant.
(3.5) Repealed by Laws 1986, S.B.70, § 6, eff. July 1, 1986.
(4) Repealed by Laws 1986, S.B.67, § 5, eff. July 1, 1986.
Cite this article: FindLaw.com - Colorado Revised Statutes Title 13. Courts and Court Procedure § 13-21-111. Negligence cases--comparative negligence as measure of damages - last updated January 01, 2019 | https://codes.findlaw.com/co/title-13-courts-and-court-procedure/co-rev-st-sect-13-21-111.html
Read this complete Colorado Revised Statutes Title 13. Courts and Court Procedure § 13-21-111. Negligence cases--comparative negligence as measure of damages on Westlaw


The Lentil is an edible legume. It is a bushy annual plant known for its lens-shaped seeds. It is about 40 cm (16 in) tall, and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each. In South Asian cuisine, split lentils (often with their hulls removed) are known as dal. Usually eaten with rice or rotis, the lentil is a dietary staple throughout regions of India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. As a food crop, the majority of world production comes from Canada, India, and Australia.
The Lentil (Lens culinaris or Lens esculenta) is an edible legume. It is a bushy annual plant known for its lens-shaped seeds. It is about 40 cm (16 in) tall, and the seeds grow in pods, usually with two seeds in each. In South Asian cuisine, split lentils (often with their hulls removed) are known as dal. Usually eaten with rice or rotis, the lentil is a dietary staple throughout regions of India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. As a food crop, the majority of world production comes from Canada, India, and Australia.
Lentils are the oldest pulse crop known, and among the earliest crops domesticated in the Old World, having been found as carbonized remains alongside human habitations dating to 11,000 BCE in Greece. The origins of lentils are in the Near East and Central Asia. Many different names in different parts of the world are used for the crop lentil; lentil (English), adas (Arabic), mercimek (Turkish), messer (Amharic), masser or massur (Hindi) and hiramame (Japanese) are the most common names.


A Waterloo man, wanted on several Black Hawk County arrest warrants, has been taken into custody in Fayette County.
On Wednesday (March 27), the Fayette County Sheriff received a tip that a person wanted by authorities was at an apartment complex in West Union.
Following the investigation, 61 year old Michael Rhoads of Waterloo, was arrested on 3 Black Hawk County warrants: Drug Possession with Intent to Deliver, Driving While Revoked and OWI 1st Offense. The total bond on Rhoads had been placed at $80,000.
After the arrest, officers conducted a search of the apartment, where they found methamphetamine, marijuana packaged for distribution, and drug paraphernalia.
Rhoads was held in the Fayette County jail on charges of Possession of methamphetamine with the intent to deliver, possession of methamphetamine and Marijuana third offense and possession of drug paraphernalia.
The Sheriff's office was assisted by the West Union Police Department.
The sheriff is reminding the public to report any suspicious activity.


text:
Q: Finding current page number in jqGrid How can I find the current page number in jqGrid (using jQuery of course). Also how do I know how many pages are there in total.

A: this is an old question but it might help someone,
$("#"+gridId).getGridParam('lastpage')

will give the last page, which is the total too.  Its useful to use firebug and
console.log($("#"+gridId).getGridParam());

which will show all the gridParams accessible.

A: This should do it:
$("#sp_1").text(); // total pages

$(".ui-pg-input").val(); // current page

Edit: I found a better way in the docs for the current page but I didn't see anything for the total page count. (Click Manipulating -> Get Methods)
$('#your_grid').getGridParam('page'); // current page

A: About last page in grid, the best way is to use jqGrid - docs.
In this case:
jQuery("#gridID").getGridParam('pgtext');

And if you have only 1 page, the result should be
"Page {0} of {1}"

from jqGrid wiki:

pgtext -> string -> Show information about current page status. The first value is the current loaded page. The second value is the total number of pages.

Another way is to get all records and divide to records on page:
var rowNum = jQuery("#gridID").getGridParam('rowNum');
var allRecords = jQuery("#gridID").getGridParam('records');
var totalPages = parseInt((allRecords / rowNum) + 1);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Trident Center Modernization Project
Los Angeles, City of (City of Los Angeles)
EIR - Draft EIR
General Commercial/C2-1
The project involves the redesign of two existing office towers, including a horizontal expansion to connect the towers on levels 5, 7, and 9 and a 2-story podium element that would connect the towers on floors 2 and 3; the addition of ground floor dining uses; updated outdoor and recreational amenities, including roof gardens and outdoor recreation deck; and pedestrian improvements along Olympic Blvd. The project site is 3.58 acres in size and is bounded by Purdue Ave, Mississippi Ave, Corinth Ave, and W. Olympic Blvd. The existing buildings on the site consist of two 10 story office towers connected by a parking structure that includes 3 levels of above grade and 2 levels of subterranean parking. The project would add 115,000 gsf of office and 5,000 gsf of restaurant use, resulting in an FAR of 3:1.
Kathleen King
200 N. Spring Street, Room 750
Los Angeles Los Angeles, City of
W Olympic Blvd., Corinth Ave., Purdue Ave.
I-405; I-10
Nora Sterry ES
Office (115,000 Sq. Ft.) Commercial (5,000 Sq. Ft.)
General Plan Amendment Site Plan Rezone Use Permit Subdivision
Biological Resources Noise Public Services Sewer Capacity Solid Waste Traffic/Circulation Tribal Cultural Resources Water Supply Growth Inducing Land Use Cumulative Effects
California Baldwin Hills Conservancy California Department of Fish and Wildlife, South Coast Region 5 California Department of Parks and Recreation California Highway Patrol California Native American Heritage Commission California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Los Angeles Region 4 Department of Water Resources Office of Emergency Services, California Office of Historic Preservation Resources Agency Santa Monica Bay Restoration State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water California Department of Transportation, District 7


text:
Economic Empowerment: The Right Choice for Black America
Richard Johnson III, Ed.D. | Oct 08, 2020
AP Photo/Carolyn Kaster
With all the talk about seemingly irreconcilable differences between Americans of varying races, it might be helpful to focus on something that unites us all—the American dream of creating a better life for ourselves and our families.
What every American has in common is not just that goal, but also the pathways—education and job training. Still, it's true that the Black community has faced unequal challenges along both pathways. Instead of fruitless and divisive demands for reparations, we must work together to ensure that all Americans have equal access to those paths forward.
President Trump's policies pursue just that.
First, let's look at education. Too many Black students are trapped in underperforming school districts. Black parents overwhelmingly want school choice (even if they're Democrats). According to USA Today, 89% of Black respondents who voted in Democratic primaries support expanding "access to more choices and options within the public school system, including magnet schools, career academies and public charter schools."
And 72% of Black parents were in favor of vouchers, the newspaper reported. Vouchers (as defined in the survey) would allow tax dollars to follow the student, enabling parents to choose their child's school—even if it's a private school.
"A child's zip code in America should never determine their future, and that's what was happening," President Trump said in June. "So we're very, very strong on school choice."
American schools shut down last spring because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and many have yet to open for in-person schooling. We know that's hard on all U.S. families, but harder still on Black students and other students of color. Online-only learning has widened the gaps between white students and minority students.
That's why President Trump has urged schools to safely reopen for in-person learning.
"A recent analysis found that if in-person classes don't resume until January 2021, Hispanic, Black, and low income students will lose 9.2, 10.3, and 12.4 months of learning, respectively," the White House pointed out in August.
The president's support for Black education doesn't stop at high school graduation.
He worked to restore funding for historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) in December 2019, after Congress allowed it lapse. And while Congress made sure wealthy private schools like Harvard University could receive funding from the CARES Act, President Trump insisted that HBCUs get the help they need to stay afloat.
Over the past two centuries, private HBCUs have struggled to survive while providing a quality education to one of our nation's most vulnerable populations. They receive very little support from the states and are almost 100 percent tuition-driven. The $450 million included in the CARES Act has been a lifeline.
Arguably, the most famous HBCU is Tuskegee University, formerly known as the Tuskegee Institute. It was founded by Booker T. Washington—the man whose name and vision grace the institution I lead. As Washington himself said, "Nothing ever comes to one, that is worth having, except as a result of hard work."
That's why Washington insisted that Tuskegee teach vocational skills alongside book-learning: "No race can prosper till it learns that there is as much dignity in tilling a field as in writing a poem," he said.
Job training is the other pathway to success—for all Americans, not just Black Americans. Yet Black families have bought into the myth that all children should go to college and pursue a baccalaureate degree. They have overlooked the good jobs and bright futures offered by the skilled trades.
Workforce development has been a focus of President Trump's. In his 2018 State of the Union address, the president called for a renewed commitment to career and technical education (CTE).
"Let us invest in workforce development and job training," he said. "Let us open great vocational schools so our future workers can learn a craft and realize their full potential."
He followed up that call with a commitment of his own; and the private sector answered his call, as well. He followed up that call with a commitment of his own; and the private sector answered his call, as well. More than 450 organizations have pledged to create 16.3 million new training opportunities in the next five years.
I am a Black American. I am also a father. And because I am a father, I have a connection to every other father—white, Black, Hispanic or Asian. We are all united in our goal of ensuring a better future for our kids.
In these days of great division, let's not lose sight of that. We all share that American dream.
Richard Johnson III, Ed.D., is the director of the Texas Public Policy Foundation's Booker T. Washington Initiative which examines the effects of public policy on African-American communities.
Editor's note: This column has been updated.
Tags: JOE BIDEN AFRICAN AMERICAN ECONOMY TRUMP ADMINISTRATION PRESIDENT TRUMP


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Stadiums host some of our favorite spectacles, from concerts to football games; incredible rituals on a massive scale. The best manage to celebrate their size and simultaneously talk to the urban fabric. Below, we chose a bunch that do just that.
Can a stadium become part of the public realm?
The roof canopy of Kiev's Olympic Stadium is made of PTFE-coated glass-fiber textile and is dotted with 640 domed skylights supported by flying masts.
A 1960s rationalist landmark stands the test of time.
German architecture firm GMP renovated the stadium in time for the UEFA Euro 2012, a soccer championship. The stadium's lower tier was built in 1936; the upper prestressed concrete tier in 1968. GMP saved the upper tier by enclosing it with a glass facade.
The process took 9 years, 7 stadium designs, and 7 sites. on Vimeo.
The process took 9 years, 7 stadium designs, and 7 sites.
Peter Eisenman, University of Phoenix Stadium
The Barclays Center is clad in 12,000 rusted steel panels—no two are alike.
Just your neighborhood stadium.
Barclays Center in downtown Brooklyn, designed by SHoP Architects, quickly became part of the surrounding neighborhoods. Partly this is due to its glazed, street-level facades and a generous plaza shaded by an enormous doughnut-shaped canopy.
The Georgia Dome's hypar tensegrity roof is light and structurally efficient.
Just look up.
"The best way to describe the roof structure is like a bicycle wheel with three concentric rings of spokes," said the Dome's lead architect Scott Braley, of Heery International. Teflon-coated glass-fibre reinforced fabric is draped over a net of tensioned cables.
For the University of Phoenix's stadium in Glendale, Arizona, New York architect Peter Eisenman worked with Populous to design a stadium inspired by and sectioned like a barrel cactus. Its most ingenious feature is a motorized, retractable grass field that can be rolled out at game time.
Seahawks fans break record for loudest stadium on Vimeo.
Seahawks fans break record for loudest stadium
Seattle's CenturyLink Field, home to the Seahawks, set the record for the loudest outdoor stadium twice in 2014. Designed by AECOM, it achieves its decibels by being relatively compact (its footprint is the smallest of any NFL stadium) and having roof coverage over 70 percent of the seats, which deflects sound back into the stadium. Hear the fans roar below.
Rendering courtesy of Chris Morris/Rockwell Group
Megastructure of our dreams.
In 2000, Rockwell Group developed a plan for a super stadium in Manhattan that would house city's professional sports teams and accommodate the Olympic Games. Though it was not realized, we loved coming up with this scheme for a 60-story structure covering an entire block.
Rafael Viñoly's football stadium for Princeton University is hugged by a load-bearing pre-cast concrete building that houses concessions, restrooms, and offices.
A stadium conceived like a Roman aqueduct.
Writing in The New York Times, the late architecture critic Herbert Muschamp compared the stadium to a Balanchine dancer: "thoroughbred, stripped-down, in the zone." The U-shaped, 30,000-seat stadium was completed in 1998. Muschamp called its two tiers of seating "exhilarating."


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Bill Richardson's Blueprint For Victory In Iowa
By Marc Ambinder
Convinced he's on an upswing to a strong Iowa finish, BIll Richardson plans to emphasize his record on domestic policy issues during the final four weeks.
"I think we've done a great job establishing on his policy bona fides. Despite what Hillary Clinton says, Richardson clearly has the most foreign policy experience," says Tom Reynolds, Richardson's aide, in a telephone interview from Council Bluffs, Iowa
So -- the campaign will focus on bread and butter issues, highlighting Richardson's record as a steward of New Mexico's economy, his proposals on education and health care, the environment and energy.
Today, Richardson unveils his agriculture polocy, giving a speech he's titled "A New Direction for American Agriculture." An excerpt: "Fairness has been corrupted by campaign financing. President Bush signed away the family farm to big agribusiness. We can do better. We need a new direction for American agriculture. One that seizes the opportunities presented by renewable fuel possibilities, that makes conservation a real priority, and levels the playing field for family farmers and independent producers."
The campaign is also adding a new ad to their rotation. It's about education and refers to his support for a complete scrap of "No Child Left Behind." Richardson wants teachers to earn at least $40,000 at the start of their career. He'd pay for more education spending, he says, by cutting weapons programs.


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FOUR PAWS in EuropeOur StoriesEuropean Blog & NewsFOUR PAWS welcomes the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union
FOUR PAWS welcomes the Slovenian Presidency of the Council of the European Union
Slovenia takes over on the 1st of July as the last member of a trio with Germany and Portugal
Under the slogan "Together.Resilient.Europe.", Slovenia takes over in a time where the European Union is focused on rebuilding and recovering after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Slovenia names "strengthening the resilience of the European Union" as one of its priorities and wants to encourage reflection on the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Since COVID-19, just like three out of four emerging diseases, was of zoonotic origin, FOUR PAWS hopes that this reflection will include reconsidering the way we treat farmed and wild animals in the European Union. Several outbreaks of COVID-19 on fur farms have shown that those places pose an immense threat to public health and safety and we hope that the presidency will focus on eliminating these risk factors.
However, not only fur farms can become a danger to humans! Other diseases like BSE, Swine Flu and Bird Flu emerged in farmed animals. Intensive, industrial farming played an important role in the spreading of these diseases. FOUR PAWS hopes that the Slovenian Presidency will focus on improving the keeping conditions that farmed animals are exposed to in the European Union as part of their programme on strengthening Europe's resilience against any future disease outbreaks. FOUR PAWS urges the Slovenian presidency to join the Commission and the Parliament in their pledge to ban caged farming after the successful #EndTheCageAge ECI. Furthermore, results of the ANIT committee need to be taking seriously and lead to changes in the transport regulation. Making our food systems more resilient to climate change protecting biodiversity by reducing meat production and consumption also need to be prioritized and we call on the Slovenian presidency to put these topics on the agenda at the UN Food Systems Summit, COP26 and COP15 This would not only be an important step towards making the EU a safer place, but it would also be in line with the Green Deal.
FOUR PAWS hopes that the Slovenian Presidency will acknowledge the way that human, animal and environmental health are connected and move the European Union towards the One Health, One Welfare approach. Only if we reconsider the way we interact with animals and the environment do we have a chance at tackling major global challenges.
The Slovenian Presidency also wants to focus on strengthening cyber resilience in the European Union since much of life and work moved online during the pandemic. But not only life and work moved, but online trade also boomed and with it the illegal trade in pets. FOUR PAWS hopes that the presidency will acknowledge this problem and focus on identification and registration of companion animals to increase traceability and transparency in the European pet trade.
FOUR PAWS welcomes the Slovenian Presidency of the European Council and hopes for a successful six months that set the European Union on a path out of this difficult situation and into a future that is safer and kinder for humans and animals alike.
Pierre Sultana
Director of European Policy Office
Pierre grew up on a horse farm in France. He graduated from the Law School with a speciality in European Union and World Trade Organisation Laws. He worked for different institutions and non-profit organisations in France and in Brussels before he joined FOUR PAWS in October 2014.
In Brussels, Pierre is in charge of the European Policy Office, which monitors EU and International policy developments and implements FOUR PAWS' strategies to achieve better legal protection for wild, companion and farm animals.


The wait is finally over for fans of The Superjesus! 2016 brought the release of the 'Love and Violence' EP following a stellar return to the live circuit over the past 12 months.
Following an overwhelming reaction to a one-off reunion show in their hometown of Adelaide, The Superjesus have since completed a sold out national headline tour, sold out national co-headline tours with Baby Animals and The Tea Party, and shared festival stages with Van Halen, Aerosmith and Bryan Adams.
With 3 x ARIA Awards and multi platinum albums; Sumo, Jetage, Rock Music and hit singles Gravity, Secret Agent Man, Shut My Eyes, Down Again and more, The Superjesus are no doubt one of Australia's most successful and respected rock bands who remain a staple on Aussie rock radio. They have expertly managed to bridge the gap between their instantly recognisable late 90s hits and their current melodic rock sound – bringing together new fans and those who've been loyal for 20 years.
In March 2017, The Superjesus were inducted into the South Australian Music Hall of Fame.
2018 then kicked off with a mighty bang seeing the band touring the country alongside Jebediah, Killing Heidi, Dallas Frasca and Grinspoon on the Hotter Than Hell Tour.
This was closely followed by Sarah starring in Green Days American Idiot the Musical, sharing the role of St Jimmy with Magic Dirts Adalita and Grinspoons Phil Jamieson to rave reviews around the country.
Today The Superjesus have announced they are playing with fellow 90's rockers Spiderbait at Luna Park in Sydney June 10th and at the NightQuarter bar on the Gold Coast June 20th, 2018 for the Come Together Festival.


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Q: How do I call a previously constucted class in a new constructor? Creating a program for my CS class and basically a program (created by my instructor) created a program that makes book titles and authors, the code will then run through my program which will construct a Book Class and and Author Class to make sure that they are operational my problem is that on line 12 of my instructor's code "a3" which is an author is called in my book Class and I don't know how to call my first class in my second class constructor.
As is I get an error that says "expecting triple dot."
//my code

public class Author {
  String firstName;
  String lastName;
  //variables
  public Author (String a) {
    firstName = a;
  }
  public Author (String a, String b) {
    firstName = a;
    lastName = b;
  }
}

public class Book {
  String Title;
  String a;
  //variables
  public Book (String c, Author) {
    Title = c;
  }
  public Book () {
  }
}

// instructor's code

  void setup() {
  Book [] allTheBooks = new Book[30];
  int score = 6;
  int tScore = 0;

  System.out.println( "Attempting constructors:" );

  Author a1 = new Author( "Ballard", "J.G." );
  Author a2 = new Author( "Eggers", "Dave" );
  Author a3 = new Author( "Catton", "Eleanor" );
  Author a4 = new Author( "Adler", "Renata" );

  System.out.println( "  - Author constructors seem functional:  3/3" );

  allTheBooks[1] = new Book( "The Circle" );
  allTheBooks[2] = new Book( "The Luminaries", a3 );
  allTheBooks[3] = new Book();
  allTheBooks[4] = new Book( "Pitch Dark" );
  allTheBooks[5] = new Book( "Speedboat" );
  allTheBooks[6] = new Book();
  allTheBooks[7] = new Book( "The Dissident Gardens" );

  System.out.println( "  - Book constructors seem functional:    3/3" );
}


Sermons are recorded each week. You are able to click on the link below to take you to the sermons page. Sermons are listed all the way back to early 2015 and on a range of topics. We hope you enjoy the sermons and will reach out to us with any questions you might have.


I'm really looking forward to this weekend! Tonight I have book club with my girls and it's our 2 year anniversary! I can't believe we've lasted this long but I'm so glad for it because it is something I look forward to each month. It's just a fun time to indulge a little in yummy food, wine, and especially good company! You can read more about why I love book club and how to start one of your own book clubs HERE! So, number one on my list of 5 things I am really loving right now is gonna be my book club!
Two more thing I'm really loving right now are my new facial cleanser and moisturizer. I've always just bought facial cleansers and moisturizers at CVS or Target. Nothing fancy. However, as I'm getting older I thought it would be a good idea to invest a little more in my face, being it's the first thing people see, right? I went to Sephora a few weeks ago and although I felt quite overwhelmed, I ended up purchasing the Philosophy Purity Made Simple Cleanser. I normally would buy cleansers with some sort of exfoliation because I felt they got a better clean, but like I said, I'm getting older and I thought something a little more gentle on my skin would be best. I really love that it's a one-step cleanser. It is great at removing makeup and it's gentle enough to use everyday after my workouts. The best thing is that my skin doesn't feel dry or tight after using it, like other cleansers I've tried. I stuck to Philosophy and also purchased their Hope in a Jar moisturizer. So far, I'm really liking it too! It's light and airy and hasn't made me break out! YAY :) I purchased the original, but I'll be sure to get the one with SPF next time.
Another thing I can't get enough of lately is Vita Coco Cafe. This stuff is so refreshing. It's made with coconut water so it's packed with electrolytes. Add a shot of espresso and a splash of milk and it makes for a great pick-me-up! I like to have one before/after a long run or well, just because they are delicious! If you haven't tried it, you must!
Lastly, I'm really diggin' my Garmin Forerunner 15 with hear rate monitor! It was an anniversary gift from my mom & sister in August and it totally rocks. It gives me all the stats I need for my runs and workouts (when used in Indoor mode) and also serves as a step counter during the day. I promise to give a full review soon!
Posted in Beauty, Fitness, Fitness Friday, Health, Product Reviews and tagged with friday five, fitfluential, fitness friday, random.
October 24, 2014 by Jessie Emeric.


For the last 20 years we have held our famous 'Jazz Lunch' in the gardens of the Fortaleza. This takes place from 12.00 – 3pm, (March to November).
Relax and listen to wonderful live music from our house band, playing your favourite cool Swing and Latin Jazz and standards you love.
This is surely the most relaxing way to while away a Sunday afternoon in the Algarve.
Remember to book early to get a good table!!!
Wednesday night is party night!
Every Wednesday evening we have a dinner dance with talented live bands playing hits from various backgrounds including, Latin Jazz, Cool Swing, Standards, Cha Cha Cha, Blues… and many more of your favourite pop hit songs.
We also have evenings with traditional Portuguese guitar music and Fado.
We guarantee you will be enchanted.
Remember to book early to get a good table.


Night-Gaunt - Page 4 - A Picnic in Arkham - BPAL Madness!
A really neat scent. It starts off strong citrus with a nice toothy bite, though it is already fading somewhat and smoothing out.
Wet on Me: touches of the white grapefruit over the yuzu and aquatic flowers.
more to the forefront now.
Dry: kumquat receded now and I get the yuzu and light floral. Very nice.
Haunting and ethereal. I like it.
In the imp: Juicy grapefruit mainly with underlying florals.
Wet on skin: The grapefruit backs off a bit, and it's more generally tart citrus and aquatic florals. Ooh, and the florals have the throw.
Drydown: The citrus makes way for frosty florals, but it's still there.
Dry, a while later: The florals definitely sharpen on me (which is good, because for a while I was afraid they'd go powdery), and I think the citrus notes help that impression.
Not what I expected, but I like it. I can tell, however, that it's not going to last the day; it's fading quite fast.
ETA: Tthree hours later, and what was applied to my wrists is now quite faint. However, behind my ears and what ended up in my hair is still fairly strong and a nice even balance of grapefruit and aquatic florals.
In Imp: Grapefruit, yuzu and kumquat are up front with a touch of florals backing them. Very citrusy, crisp and clean in the bottle. This is not at all what I expected from the name, but I should learn by now that I can't judge a scent by its title.
On Skin: The grapefruit and yuzu are way up front taking over the whole scene. It's still very crisp, makes me feel clean and I adore the strong citrus scent this gives off. The florals are still there but they are very subdued.
Dry Down: Florals are coming up now and the citrus is mellowing out a little but still remains up front. Kumquat seems to have vanished on me but perhaps it's just so blended in with the grapefruit that I can't detect it. This scent is really pleasant definitely a keeper.
Night-Gaunt is a fanciful, highly unusual blend. I can't get over the boldness of the combination of notes in this. The kumquat (which is just the most bizarre fruit scent I've ever encountered) that I love in Tweedledee is alive and kicking in this blend. In addition to that there's a swirl of citrus, but more like the zesty oil that sometimes sprays from the rind-- very concentrated and confident. And there's a few underlying notes that keep emerging and then hiding: lemongrass? and something that's almost... fir needle? But like a sweet, cool evergreen that's not at all stereotypical.
It's really effervescent and alive-- it makes me think of apple-green potion bubbling away. And then the whole thing slowly dissolves (over a matter of hours) to paper thin, gossamer flowers: white, dewy and sparkling. Very sophisticated floral.
can see wearing often. It is very uplifting though. I'm really tempted to keep my imp just to sniff when I need a pick me up.
Night -Gaunt despite of its name its a morning blend for me, with the grapefruit and the yuzu deliciously citrusy and the flowers blooming after without overpowering all. Aizen Myoo and Baobhan Sith fans will like it a lot. Stay is minimal like for every citrus blend, so it`s a slatherer for sure. It makes me want to eat grapefruits every time I put!
With a name like Night-Gaunt I expected something darker, but I'm not disappointed with the light, happy feel of this blend.
Another one from the Lovecraft series. Miskatonic University had all the arcane supernatural menace of a cartoon kitty daycare, so let's see how this one performs.
In bottle: Citrus and florals.
On me, wet: Bottle got spilly when I opened it, so I'm wearing more of this than I might have chosen to. It smells… okay. I love citrus smells, but I'm not crazy about the way this scent blends citrus and flower smells. I feel like the citrus is being oppressed and strangled by perfumey flowers.
On me, drying: The floral smell seems to have receded some. The remaining scent is an okay citrus blend with floral underpinnings. Smells kind of commercial to me, kind of intrusively perfumey.
This is one of my favorite GC scents. I definitely wear this one fairly often, especially when I'm feeling sweaty.
In bottle: so much citrus. mmmm. yummmmmmm. definitely smell the yuzu and i think i smell grapefruit. not sure about kumquat.
Wet on me: Just like in bottle, but a bit of floral coming out.
Dry on me: citrus and floral -- nicely blended. i love how delicate it seems but somewhat bold as well.
Oil Lamp Burning: makes my room smell so great. I just use a few drops and it helps me concentrate so much more. LOVE IT TO DEATH!
Sharp at first, but now it's calming down and going to...kumquat? Is that the sweetness lurking in the background? Juicy and slight crisp, flowers and citrus of equal proportion.
Inside the imp, hello grapefruit.
Wet on the skin, white grapefruit exclusively at first. As it dries, grapefruit scent mixes with florals.
Dries down to a vague floral citrus scent.
Wet, this is kind of fruity and musky. As it dried, the blend becomes more citrussy. I like citrus and will enjoy this imp, though I don't think I need a bottle. It is pretty faint, and disappears quickly.
This is extremely tart grapefruit in the imp and immediately upon applying. However, it starts to turn to shrieking white florals, and I get scared. Luckily, it stops after about 10 minutes, and shifts to a nice mix, with florals that behave and bright, tart citrus.
Floral, without the overpowering feeling that this should go on a more mature wrist. I don't have any grapefruit which is disappointing but not a hideous scent at all.
Later: Extremely pretty fruity-floral blend. I'm putting this on my eventual bottle list.
A lovely frimp from the ever so lovely Beth!
My skin amps citrus like you wouldn't believe so this is basically all grapefruit with the kumquat to calm it down. Lots of throw and it lasts and lasts. Very fresh, fruity and clean, but not something I'd wear. Still, I want to try all the Lovecraft blends at least once, so I'm happy I had a chance to try this one, even if it's not my thing.
On the skin: Whoa, grapefruit and kumquat! Citrus overload! Very nice! This seems like a very true to life citrus scent and would be great in spring and summer!
After a bit, the citrus mellows out a bit, but it is still definitely all I can smell.
This is not what I was expecting from something called Night Gaunt. It is quite pleasant, but I don't think I will ever need any more than an imp. I guess we shall see.
Fruity yummiess! Like catseyes said, I was definitely expecting something a lot darker and heavier. I'm beginning to think I amp grapefruit as the more this dries the more the grapefruit I can smell.
I recommend this for people who are interested in the Lovecraft blends but maybe afraid of ordering one for fear it will smell like seaweed or fish. Night-Gaunt starts out as all grapefruit and kumquat, bright but not in your face. The citrus drifts away quickly, leaving musky white flowers that last. This could be considered Whitechapel's country cousin.
Imp: Citrus. Mostly grapefruit. Grapefruit loves my skin almost irrationally.
Wet: It smells exactly like the grapefruit body wash the Body Shop (used to?) sell(s). Really, really strong grapefruit and yet kind of boring because it is grapefruit and only grapefruit.
Dry: Still a strong sharp citrus mainly led by the grapefruit but a bit more floral now. Mild and skin close and not at all interesting on my chemistry. It smells like face wash.
Overall: I don't know why I'm surprised by this one. My skin just doesn't seem to do much with citrus-y scents other than amp them.
- the citrus is first to fade, and that's what I like the best about it.
But I'll keep wearing it and I'll just keep reapplying. I like this best about an hour into it. It smells terrific on me, I just wish it would LAST!
On: Yummy, slightly tart, tropical fruits.
Half an hour in: Sightly spoiled fruit.
1 hour in: Powdery, tart fruits.
1.5 hours in: Powdery fruit.
2 hours in: Very faint. Powdery and vaguely floral, with a hint of fruit.
2.5 hours in: Powdery and a bit tart.
Overall: This is just OK on me.
Wet: citrusy and lightly floral in a good way, not in any of the typical "dreaded florals" way, and not like the usual "white florals".
After it has a chance to settle - Citrusy and perhaps even resin-y? This stays surprisingly good. It holds up pretty well over the day. It's particularly unexpected here, because such light notes typically fade on me and leave nothing remarkable. This time, they have settled back into what is still a very pretty, golden scent on my skin. Nice! Night-Gaunt is definitely a top-quality scent, from the very first moment on, until the end of the day.
Comparisons to other scents: It doesn't really seem snowy to me (as other reviewers had said), but it does remind me of Manhattan, which in turn reminds me of Cloister Graveyard in the Snow, so I can see a relationship there. It's fruitier & sweeter / more carefree than Manhattan. And, it's not really like Mag Mell (especially since MM has a vanilla note that is not present in N-G), but it is in the same light-bright-golden family.
This had real promise in the imp. It was a bright, refreshing grapefruit. On my skin, it turned into grapefruit soap or laundry detergent. Damned snow-dusted florals! This would have been perfect if it was grapefruit-citrus blended with a shimmering white musk rather than florals.


Mothering my Lily-girl looks like tidying her grave and getting new decorations for each holiday and fresh season. It looks like sharing her story at banquets and churches. It looks like creating things, like scrapbooks and a garden. It looks like purchasing or being gifted things that are reminders of her. It looks like candlelight ceremonies, butterfly releases, and remembrance walks. It looks like her name in the sand all over the world from friends, family, acquaintances, and strangers. It looks like projects and remembering other babies in her honor. It looks like putting together comfort boxes, attending funerals for babies, editing photos for parents who've lost their babies, emailing, texting, and talking on the phone with other mamas missing their babies.
I find purpose and healing and joy in all these things. I find connection with Lily and feel Jesus smiling as I learn to comfort others with the comfort I have received. I find honor in being called to treasure life and speak about the sanctity of life in all these ways. And more than anything, I love Lily and most especially Jesus in all these things. I never want to stop... but honestly my heart feels a little weary some days more than others.
After all these years, I'm usually rather content with my "relationship" with Lily now and the ways I mother her. But some days, like today, my heart longs to mother more than a grave and legacy.
7+ years feels like it should have been enough time for God to teach me whatever it is I need to learn in order to be "ready" for marriage and more babies I get to bring home from the hospital. It's hard to hear of others getting married and having children and rainbow babies who are much younger than me and have not waited as I have. It's difficult to not compare and doubt, to not feel like there's something especially wrong with me that is taking God longer to work on than others. This is such a warped way of thinking. We.... I... must reframe my thoughts and heart and realize that we are given good gifts not because of some merit or worthiness or our own, and these gifts are not withheld because of some lack of our own.
There isn't a "destination" that I am failing to arrive at in order for God to finally give me these things. I am not lacking. I am not failing. These are all gifts, freely given by the good gift-giver.
Don't these lies creep into our hearts and penetrate our thoughts so sneakily? We must be on guard and continue holding our all out to Jesus with open hands and a surrendered heart, full of trust. We cannot see and understand everything He is doing and the "why" behind it. There's no way we can figure Him out. He is good even when He isn't doing what I would define as good. He knows what He's doing even when I think His glory would be best displayed by writing my story a certain way, a different way.
I can continue living a full and purposeful life, even if it is not like anything I would have chosen. Even if i never mother another child here on Earth, my child waits for me in the Kingdom of Heaven, and that is more than I could ever deserve.
At just the right time, the Lord brought me across a video testimony that has encouraged me, built up my faith, and left me in a puddle of hopeful tears. Watch the video below (email subscribers click here). I'll share my thoughts below the video.
Although our stories are different, many of the things they shared in the video are things I can relate to and feelings I'm wrestling with. Their story ministered directly to my heart.
The gist of the story is this couple grows up together, even living across the pasture from each other part of their childhoods. The husband is older than the wife, so as they are growing up, he thought she was a squirt and she always thought to herself that one day she'd want to marry someone like him. Little did she know, one day the Lord would bring them together as husband and wife.
When he was 12 years old, God gave him a vision of a little girl with dark skin and eyes. He showed him that this was going to be his daughter and her name would be Chloe. He kept this tucked away in his heart for years. He had assumed that he'd marry someone with a dark complexion.
One day they are sharing their hopes and dreams with one another and she tells him that she already has a name picked out for a hoped-for daughter... Chloe.
When they were married, they decided they were ready to have children. Only, they couldn't conceive for 4 1/2 years, which was understandably extremely painful for them. She put into words something that I too am feeling right now, but didn't even realize it until I heard her speak the words. She said as they were longing for a baby and not getting pregnant, she struggled with questioning God's goodness because she felt like it was such a mean thing to do, for God to withhold children. She wondered if God is good even when He's not doing things that she would define as good? I am not dealing with infertility, but I am weary from all these years of missing Lily and all these years of praying for a godly husband and the circumstances where I am able to have another baby. I must confess that it feels like God is being mean to me and treating me differently than His other children. He took my daughter away from me and is leaving me isolated and lonely. In my mind, it seems that His goodness would be displayed by writing a story of redemption, in bringing me together with a husband and having children to raise in the ways of the Lord.
They were talking about their hopes and dreams for the future and she said she felt like God made her to be a mother, that was her dream... They prayed that God would take the desire away if they weren't meant to be parents, but instead it seemed to only grow stronger. That is my dream too and I wonder, why won't God take this dream away if I am not meant to mother a child on Earth? The ache and longing almost feels too much to bear at times.
All their friends were having kids and she "had to just wait and put on this cheesy, fake smile and say we're happy for you." Each time they'd hear of someone getting pregnant, they would be devastated and think they were "fools who want kids and it's never going to happen." Oh man, can I relate to this. Literally day in and day out, I am surrounded by so many people getting into relationships, getting engaged, getting married, getting pregnant, having babies, having more babies... and I feel like I have to put on this cheesy smile and say I am happy for them. Now don't get me wrong, I truly am happy for those who have these gifts. But it hurts so badly wondering why God won't give me these good gifts too. Am I a fool who thinks I'll have a family of my own one day? Each time I see another person close to a decade younger than me in a relationship or someone who announces they are pregnant with their "rainbow" (a baby born after a loss) though I am many years further out from losing Lily, I can't describe the ache. I literally have to "unfollow" people because it just is a bitter reminder of what I am missing out on each time I see their photos and updates.
The Lord led them to pursue adoption (though the father was adamantly against it at first) and they got an email that a birth mother had chosen them to adopt her baby. Get this, the little girl was due in March 2010, when Lily was due and born. They went to meet the birth mother and she shared that before she even knew the gender, she had been calling the baby... Chloe. God had given that name to all three of them. It is precious to see the actual video footage documenting that time in their lives. Hearing this reminds me of how the Lord spoke so clearly to my heart very early in my pregnancy that my baby was a girl and her name was Lily. He so evidently knows our babies by name and has a plan and purpose for their lives.
She shared during their years of infertility and longing for a baby that God shifted her perspective and she realized she could live a full and happy life and be satisfied in the deepest way a human can be satisfied, even without having a child. I am praying that the Lord will give me the peace and contentment in knowing that I too can be fully satisfied and live a beautiful life, even if I never get married or have another baby. It's a painful possibility to even consider, but I know that it's true that my fulfillment comes in Christ alone.
These are some things spoken in the video that deeply touched my heart... After the Lord led them to adopt Chloe: "This surreal presence of God was all around us and I felt Him saying to me, 'see how much I love you? Do you see this, do you see what I've done? I've been writing this story. You had no idea. I've been writing this story for years, since Walt was a kid, I've been writing it.' I realized how foolish I was, how my perspective was so skewed in my own pain that what I saw as Him not loving me was in fact Him being the most loving He could have been.... It was like He was whispering to me in that moment, 'I've been here this whole time. You didn't know, but I've been here this whole time. I've been walking this thing with you and I was just saying, 'trust Me, trust Me, trust Me.' I've got something good up ahead."
"It's a constant struggle to just sit in His sovereignty and when everything is falling apart in your mind, just to wait.... He doesn't leave anything to chance. It's not random."
"I think God is just incredible. I think it's incredible the way He flung the stars into space and that same God, the same God who keeps the world from falling apart, He loves me, with or without us ever having a child. That's what He's taught me through this. He loves me and I can be so secure in that love. To be able to trust that and rest in that is the greatest gift."
Their words and story are a reminder to trust my Father's plan for my life. He walks with me. He is writing my story, even when I don't see Him doing so. My perspective is skewed by my pain, but I know He is still there. He is asking me to trust Him. I am to wait. Every small detail is in His hands. As the saying goes, "hindsight is 20/20." I believe one day I will look back and clearly see God's fingerprint on each season of my life, in everything.
It is comforting to meditate upon this truth, that my God knows what He is doing. I can only see my immediate circumstances and concerns, but He sees the entire picture, my entire life. Even though I don't always understand what He's doing or why, I know I can trust Him. He is in absolute control over everything that touches my life.
Please pray for me at this time, that I will keep turning to the Lord and not give into listening to the doubts and discouragement that the enemy keeps whispering in my ear.


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Ghanaian Music
FreeBeat/Instrumental
MMM founder Sergey Mavrodi Died Of Heart Attack
Bywise
Mar 26, 2018 Died Of Heart Attack, MMM founder, Sergey Mavrodi
MMM founder Sergey Mavrodi DIES at 62!
Sergey Mavrodi, the founder of MMM, a Russian company that ran one of the world's largest Ponzi scheme, is dead.
According to a report by Moskovsky Komsomolets, the founder of the MMM series of financial pyramid schemes, Mavrodi, died in Moscow at the age of 62.
Mavrodi was taken to a city hospital from a bus stop overnight Monday, March 26, after he felt weakness and pain in the chest area.
"The emergency team has failed to save his life. He died this morning," the report said.
Sergei Mavrodi created the company "MMM" in 1992. It quickly gained popularity and became the largest financial pyramid in the history of Russia.
The income of the members who joined it was paid out of the contributions of new arrivals, and when the flow of customers ceased to grow, non-payments began.
According to various estimates, the number of victims of MMM has reached 10-15 million people.
In 1994, Mavrodi became a member of the Russian parliament. Then he announced that he was giving up his privileges: salaries and cars. Mavrodi stressed that he became a deputy only for the sake of immunity.
Two years later, before the presidential elections in 1996, he was stripped of his mandate.
In 2007, Mavrodi was sentenced to 4.5 years in prison for defrauding 10,000 investors out of 110 million rubles ($4.3 million).
All this time, he left during the preliminary detention while the investigation was conducted.
Mavrodi claimed he is not the beneficiary of the donations and he is not used to flamboyant lifestyle.
His true charges of which he was later convicted of is tax fraud though he claimed that MMM scheme is not a business, but a mutual donation programme of which there is no law against such.
The post MMM founder Sergey Mavrodi DIES at 62!
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Lucia - Merrylands,New South Wales : Native Italian teacher for all levels. Skilled and experienced. Master Degree in teaching Italian to foreigners. Let's find out toghether the best learning strategy that it suites you!
One of my strengths is mastering the different teaching method: I am really sensitive to suiting various learning styles because every student is different and deserve the best personalized teaching approach!
I think that using new technologies to foster interactive learning is a really good option to encrease the interest and the storage of the language.
I like to design and manage projects and activities made specifically for the student to whom I have to teach.
I usually focus on a more communicative and pragmatic teaching at the beginning, and then focus on setting the grammar, but it really depends from the needs of my student.
I start working as a teacher 10 years ago as a volunteer for the afterschool programs and I found my passion! Since then I have no stoped and I experienced very different kind of students and, of course, strategies of teaching. I worked in Italy in specialized school of Italian language for adults and even overseas as a private teacher.
I really want to put the student in a position to find the best personalized path in such a way that it is the student himself who is the proponent of his learning. And, of course, I am always present to help and guide!
Bachelor's degree in "Foreign Languages and literatures" - " Teaching training in teaching italian as foreign language"
Ministerial project for the European Integration (FEI).
-Teaching of italian language to foreign womam: 150 hrs intermediate livel (B1-B2) and 150 hrs first livel (A1-A2).


The Baptist Union of Great Britain : Where is your faith?
"Where is your faith?" This is the searching question that Jesus asked His disciples after He had calmed the storm (Luke 8:25) and this is the question that I have been meditating on recently. As I shared in my Advent Message, 2016 was a year in which we have witnessed some significant shifts in our global, political and economic landscape. This, in turn, creates challenges for us as Baptists Together for 2017 and beyond.
"Where is your faith?" And so, as we stand at the beginning of another year, the first and most important thing for all of us to do is to keep our focus on Jesus in worship and mission! Above all we need to make sure that "the main thing", remains "the main thing"! In faith, we must not let our challenges deflect us from who God is and His call to us.
"Where is your faith?" In 2015 I offered a call to prayer, Beacons of Prayer, and I have been amazed and encouraged to see how God has been moving churches to pray, seeking God and making space for Him to do what He wants to do. Now 18 months later, we are seeing God at work amongst us and across the U.K. in incredible ways and Beacons of Prayer is developing into a call for our churches to be Beacons of Hope, sharing the good news of Jesus in the places He has put us! There are so many in our communities who are longing for hope and we are called to be witnesses to the love, light and life of Jesus. I am praying that the Lord would increase our faith in Him in this coming year so that our witness becomes the overflow of our vibrant and authentic relationship with Him. Will you pray with me?
"Where is your faith?" We are called not only to be Beacons of Hope in the places God has put us but ALSO in the places where He is and we are not! In times where the gap between rich and poor in our own country is widening we need to be following our Lord who came to preach good news to the poor. In times when many people under the age of 40 know very little, if anything, about Jesus, we need to be connecting and communicating the good news of Jesus to unreached generations. Our vision is growing healthy churches in relationship for God's mission and that doesn't mean simply strengthening our existing churches or even replicating them; we also need to be creating new Beacons of Hope in places, and with people, where hope is most needed. Will you nurture the faith that believes that where God calls, He equips?
"Where is your faith?" As we head into 2017, will you follow Jesus with me, hard on His heels, and will you be willing to go where ever He takes us? Will your church be a Beacon of Hope in the place where God has put you? Will you be open to seek a vision from the Lord for creating new Beacons of Hope? I am praying that the Lord would increase our faith in 2017 and I am praying that as we are on fire for Jesus, He will be seen ever more clearly in us and through us.


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Dhogs é um filme independente galego en língua galega dirigido pelo meirense Andrés Goteira que foi estreado no ano de 2017. Trata-se do primeiro filme do diretor, e é protagonizado por Carlos Blanco Vila, Antonio Durán "Morris", Miguel de Lira, Melania Cruz, Iván Marcos e María Costas.
Estreou no Festival Internacional de Cine Independente de Buenos Aires (BAFICI) em 19 de abril de 2017, competindo dentro da seção de Vanguarda e Gênero deste evento. Trata-se do primeiro filme rodado em galego estreado no Festival de Cinema de Sitges, em 9 de outubro de 2017. Na Galícia, a estreia se passou no Festival de Cine Internacional de Ourense em 21 de outubro de 2017.

Produção
O filme contou com financiamento da Agência Galega das Indústrias Culturais e da Deputação de Lugo, mas também conseguiu parte do orçamento do filme a partir da plataforma Verkami, com mais de 400 contribuintes. Foi filmado em várias localidades da Galiza, como Viveiro, As Pontes, Oleiros e A Coruña, assim como no Deserto de Tabernas, en Almería.

Prêmios e indicações
Os Prêmios Mestre Mateo de 2017 indicaram Dhogs a dezessete prêmios em quinze categorias, das quais ganhou treze:

Filmes da Espanha de 2017
Filmes da Galiza de 2017
Filmes de suspense da Espanha
Filmes de comédia da Espanha
Filmes em língua galega
Filmes da Galiza
Filmes da Espanha
Filmes de suspense da década de 2010
Filmes de comédia da década de 2010
Filmes gravados na Galiza

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Cover letters are a necessary evil: terribly boring to write, but an essential first impression for a potential employer. The person reading your cover letter knows nothing about you, and will have a pile of other letters to sift through, so how do you get their attention?
When it comes to groceries, US Latino Millennials recognize their seasoning. They are faithful to their heritage, attracted by the smell, taste and familiarity, surely formed in their home experiences.
For the more anxiety-prone among us, job interviews can be a total nightmare.
You're sitting across from the hiring manager, trying desperately to convince her that, despite your sweaty palms, shaky knees, and palpitating heart, you are in fact the perfect person for this position.