Technique for reducing start-up time of a computerized system comprising a computer application with a data base DB and one or more functional blocks with respective memories; the system comprises a communication network being managed by the computer application. The technique comprises providing each of said functional blocks with basic information about the communication network; updating the functional blocks about changes whenever take place in the network; updating objects in the base DB by the updated functional blocks; creating an image of at least one functional block of the blocks in a persistent memory, building a changes log and to in case of failure of the mentioned functional block, promptly restoring thereof by using the image in the persistent memory and the changes log.
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1. A method for reducing start-up time of a computerized system associated with a communication network interacting with and being managed by a computer application, the method comprising: providing information to a plurality of functional blocks being executable processes associated with the computer application, wherein the information is associated with a topology of and is configured to enable the plurality of functional blocks to perform functions; providing updates to the plurality of functional blocks regarding changes associated with at least one network element in the communication network after the changes have taken place; storing, in at least one persistent memory associated with the plurality of functional blocks, an image associated with a current topology of the communication network; updating a changes-log stored in a main memory associated with the computer application; and in case of failure of a functional block, the method further including updating the image stored in the at least one persistent memory associated with the failed functional block with changes stored in the changes-log, including one or more changes induced by other functional blocks that remained alive during the failure, wherein the one or more changes have timestamps associated with a time later than a time of the failure.
2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising creating the image by using serialization of data of the at least one functional block, building a backup using the serialized representation of the data, and providing the image with an indication of time or of a number of change indicating last update of the at least one functional block.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step of updating the changes-log comprises one or more of the following: collecting notifications issued from said communication network, and exchanging of information concerning the changes between the plurality of functional blocks.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein updating the changes-log comprises providing each entry in the changes-log with a timestamp being an indication of time or a number of changes counter, and an indication of objects relevant to the changes.
5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: restoring of the failed functional block by reloading to it a suitable image having a latest timestamp and by updating the failed functional block by utilizing relevant entries registered in the changes-log as of the time indicated as the timestamp of the suitable image.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the computer application is a Network Management System (NMS) of the communication network.
7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of functional blocks are responsible for respective technological processes for control of an under-laying communication network comprising network elements.
8. The method according to claim 1, further comprising a preliminary operation of loading to the persistent memory of each specific functional block part of information stored in the computer application's database, while suitably transforming the information being loaded.
9. A software product stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which, when loaded and executed by a computer system associated with a communication network, causes at least one processor to: provide information to a plurality of functional blocks being executable processes associated with a computerized application, wherein the information is associated with a topology of the communication network and enable the plurality of functional blocks to perform functions; provide updates to the plurality of functional blocks regarding changes associated with at least one network element in the communication network after the changes take place; store, in at least one persistent memory associated with the plurality of functional blocks, an image associated with a current topology of the communication network; update a changes-log stored in a main memory associated with the computerized application; and in case of failure of a functional block, the at least one processor is further configured to update the image stored in the at least one persistent memory associated with the failed functional block with changes stored in the changes-log, including one or more changes induced by other functional blocks that remained alive during the failure, wherein the one or more changes have timestamps associated with a time later than a time of the failure.
10. A Network Management System (NMS) of a communication network associated with at least one network element, the NMS comprising: a main memory; and a processor in communication with the main memory, wherein the processor is configured to: provide information to a plurality of functional blocks being executable processes associated with the NMS, wherein the information is associated with a topology of the communication network and enable the plurality of functional blocks to perform functions; provide updates to the plurality of functional blocks regarding changes associated with at least one network element in the communication network after the changes take place; store, in at least one persistent memory associated with the plurality of functional blocks, an image associated with a current topology of the communication network; update a changes-log stored in the main memory; and in case of failure of a functional block, the processor is further configured to update the image stored in the at least one persistent memory associated with the failed functional block with changes stored in the changes-log, including one or more changes induced by other functional blocks that remained alive during the failure, wherein the one or more changes have timestamps associated with a time later than a time of the failure.
The present invention relates to the field of operating computerized systems, especially--distributed systems which comprise computer programs responsible for treatment/monitoring/controlling of some underlying network elements. In one implementation, the invention may relate to management systems for telecommunication networks.
The topic of monitoring and/or controlling of real objects in real time by computerized systems is quite well known, and problems related to such applications have been studied at least during the recent decade.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,905,196.beta. In order to reduce the down time of a computer caused by a fault or interrupt in the program run, program recovery points are provided which are time-dependent or can be preset in the main program of a useful program, and when these recovery points are reached, the computer status is stored in at least one fault-tolerant archival memory. The computer status includes the status of the variables of a useful program being executed, the register status of the processor and the register status of the input/output devices of the computer. During execution of the useful program, at least a part of the current computer status is stored in a main memory and copied into an archival memory when a program recovery point is reached. By using a small, fast cache memory between the processor and the main memory, the write cycles in the archival memories may be reduced since a variable is replaced in the main memory only when it is displaced from the cache memory by a variable which may have been updated several times. A further improvement is achieved by using an associative stack on the bus) as the main and the two archival memories. All modifications in the main memory) are simultaneously entered into the stack and into an archival memory without involving the processor. In the stack, address data pairs are entered in the order of occurrence, a character recording the respective state of the stack and allocating locations to new address/data pairs. At the recovery point, only updated data need to be transferred into the archival memory. The main memory can be integrated into an archival memory having a read/write memory area and a fault-tolerant tributary memory area. A cascaded memory or a virtual memory of the computer can also be used for saving the computer status.
US2006085418.beta. describes a system and method for providing a shared RAM cache of a database, accessible by multiple processes. By sharing a single cache rather than local copies of the database, memory is saved and synchronization of data accessed by different processes is assured. Synchronization between the database and the shared cache is assured by using a unidirectional notification mechanism between the database and the shared cache. Client APIs within the processes search the data within the shared cache directly, rather than by making a request to a database server. Therefore server load is not affected by the number of requesting applications and data fetch time is not affected by Inter-Process Communication delay or by additional context switching. A new synchronization scheme allows multiple processes to be used in building and maintaining the cache, thus reducing the start up time.
To the best of the Applicant's knowledge, there is no suitable and effective techniques for shortening start-up time of a computerized system that performs monitoring/control of a real (i.e., large and complex) communication network. Still, there is a long felt need in such a technique.
The Inventors propose a new technique for reducing start up time of a computer application, such as a computerized control and/or management system--for example a network management system (NMS).
the method comprising: providing each of said functional blocks with basic information about the communication network, required for performing functions of said functional block, --updating each of said functional blocks (for example by collecting and processing notifications issued from said communication network) about changes whenever take place in the network; updating objects (records) in said data base DB by the updated functional blocks; the method further comprises performing the following operations: periodically (or from time to time) creating an image of at least one functional block of said blocks in a persistent memory, by mapping at least the memory of said at least one functional block in said persistent memory; building a changes log by immediately logging to it updates of the updated objects of the data base DB; and in case of failure of said at least one functional block, promptly restoring thereof by using said image in the persistent memory and said changes log, thereby safely maintaining control/management of the communication network.
It should be explained that the memory of each specific functional block is intended for in-memory data storage where its data is a part of the information stored in the application's disk storage (such as database DB of the NMS). The data is initially loaded from that storage, while is suitably transformed to become part of the specific functional block. It should be kept in mind that loading and transforming of the information when loading to the functional block(s) usually takes quite a lot of time, and the proposed invention is going to solve such a problem in cases when one or more of the functional blocks fail, or the whole application has to be restarted for any reason--and therefore require reloading of the suitable data.
For example, the functional blocks with their in-memory data are responsible for respective physical/technological processes for control and/or management of an under-laying communication network comprising network elements.
The step of providing each of said functional blocks with basic information may comprise an operation of loading topological data about the network to the functional blocks and, there-from, to the data base DB of the computerized application.
In case of restarting the application due to crash of one of its functional blocks, the method may comprise loading, to the memory of the failed functional block, said image of the failed functional block, and correcting the loaded image using changes stored in said changes log, including changes induced by other functional blocks if remain alive during the crash.
Updating the functional blocks comprises updating of their memory and may comprise one or more of the following: collecting and processing the notifications, exchanging information concerning the changes, such as the processed notifications, between the functional blocks. Exchange of the information may allow updating of the functional blocks not only about direct changes in the networks but also about some relations/updates which have been altered due to the changes. However, update of the functional blocks may be caused by other reasons/orders, for example by the computerized application itself (say, by orders within NMS or from an operator). As has been mentioned, updates of the functional blocks are quite immediately reflected in the data base DB.
The mentioned image should be created in some persistent memory block which does not drop data when detached from a power source, and may be created by mapping or serializing data of said at least one functional block from time to time, and by building a backup (a backup file or a memory dump/section) using the serialized representation of the data, thus obtaining the mentioned image; providing said image with time indication of last update of the memory of the functional block.
When speaking about serializing data of the functional block, we mean at least serializing the data from memory of the functional block.
The operation of building the changes log comprises providing each entry to the log with a timestamp (say, in the form of indication of time or in the form of counter of updates) and identification of the relevant objects (i.e., of the DB records) which is/are affected by the specific entry concerning the change.
When re-loading the memory of the functional block, all such objects should be identified using the log, and the functional block's memory should be then updated using the identified objects, up to the latest update of the data base.
In case of an expected or unexpected shutdown of a specific functional block in the system (i.e., said at least one functional block which has been provided with backup according to the proposed invention), the method further comprises: restoring said specific functional block by using said image having the latest timestamp (time indication/counter of updates, in the preferred case, since the last serialization) and by updating said image by utilizing objects of the DB which IDs are registered in the changes log since the time indicated as the latest time indication of said image.
It is understood to those skilled in the art that, during a normal course of operation, the computer application is being dynamically updated due to dynamic processes taking place in the under-laying communication network. Actually, the authors propose periodically serializing memory of the functional blocks while registering the dynamic changes/updates in the changes log in a systematic manner, with indication of time and relevant objects in the DB, to allow using these updates for accelerating restart of the computerized application.
In other words, to achieve decreasing the computerized application's start-up time upon failure of the application, when re-staring the application, the method may comprise the following practical steps: 1. Loading so-called main required data (say, all topological data about the network) to the memory of functional blocks from a regular data base DB of the computerized application); the data may be transformed while loading; Dynamically managing changes of the main data by updating the functional blocks and then saving the updates in the changes log (a block of persistence memory), with a "timestamp"/index of each change. The log of changes can be fed/maintained by more than one functional blocks (i.e., software supported processes, executable processes) in the system, or other components of the system (such as NMSTM, NMSTO, NMSEvMS) NMSEvMS--is a process that serves as the interface to notifications received from EMSs (Element Management systems), being responsible for writing the network changes to the DB. NMSTM/NMSTO--examples of processes that write, for example, so-called top down changes to the DB (i.e., changes that are triggered by the operator). 2. Dynamically managing changes of the main data by updating the functional blocks, the DB and then saving the updates in the changes log (say, a block of persistence memory), with a "timestamp"/index of each change. The log of changes can be fed/maintained by participation of more than one functional blocks (i.e., software supported processes, executable processes such as TM, TO, EvMS), or other components of the system. 3. When saving some changes in the memory of functional blocks (in the course of the above-mentioned managing and updating), performing the following operations by the functional blocks: Registering these changes in the regular DB of the application by updating suitable objects (records) in the DB; Saving identification of the changed objects/records, with their suitable timestamps, in the changes log; sending updates from a specific functional block to other functional block(s) if appropriate. 4. Periodically mapping/serializing the main data (located at least in the memory of the functional block) with a current "timestamp"/index to create the image of the functional block in the mentioned backup file or in another persistent memory device (file or DB, disc, etc.); 5. Reloading the stored image (i.e., the last serialized data) in case of the application's (NMS) or the functional block's crash, when restart is required; 6. Updating the reloaded data by the logged changes, beginning from the latest "timestamp"/index of the serialized/stored image and updating it with all relevant changes available in the changes log, beginning from the timestamp of the last serialization up to the latest timestamp of the changes. These updates may be stored in the changes log by participation of other functional blocks as well as by components/processes of the system, which remain alive during the crash.
The inventive concept covers the above-described method, its various versions, a computerized application capable of implementing the inventive method, a combined system comprising the computerized system and a communication network controlled and maintained by the computerized system, and a suitable software product.
the computerized application being also adapted, in case of failure of said at least one functional block or restart of the application, to allow fast restoration of the functional block by using said image and said changes log, thus rendering fast re-start of the computerized application.
The proposed system may comprise the above-described application (preferably NMS) and an underlying communication network which is being controlled/managed by the application (NMS).
A software product proposed by the Inventors comprises computer implementable instructions and/or data for carrying out operations according to the above-described method, stored on an appropriate computer readable storage medium so that the software is capable of enabling operations of said method when used on a computer (processor). The software product is accommodated in the computerized application, in a specific example--in NMS.
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a computerized system (for example, NMS) being part of the newly proposed technique.
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the system proposed by the inventors, capable of urgently self-recovering in case of failure of one or more elements thereof.
FIG. 1 shows an example where a network management system NMS 10, comprising a Data Base 12 and a number of functional blocks shown as software processes/programs (four of them P1-P4 are shown), interacts with a number of Element Management Systems (EMS1-EMS100 are shown). Each of the EMSs governs one or more network elements NEs of an under-laying communication network (not shown). Let all the processes P1-P4 run independently from one another and interact with the Data Base DB 12. Note that each EMS receives from the NMS commands (downstream arrows between NMS and EMS, such as commands "set", "get", etc), and sends to the NMS all required information about EMSs and the whole network of NEs, and also sends notifications about changes in its under-laying network of NEs. The notifications arrive to the NMS and are directed to one or more respective processes P1-P4, and each of the P1-P4 may forward a specific notification to a suitable another process, thereby selectively exchanging notifications there-between. Notifications are shown by dashed arrows in FIG. 1. From time to time, processes write down their internal updates to the DB 12 (see solid arrows towards the DB shown in FIG. 1).
All required information collected from the EMS-s is sufficient to form an image of topology of the network (sometimes not only of topology, for example--of states of the network elements NEs), and is stored in the data base DB 12. In case of any failure in the NMS or one or more of its processes P1-PN, followed by restarting the failed process or the whole system,--upload of the information from DB 12 will take quite a lot of time. It should be noted that data stored in and utilized by any one of the processes P1-P4 cannot be recovered when the process is crashed--in other words, the memory of the software process is normally not persistent and drops data when the software application is shutdown. It should be noted, that the process(es) may update themselves (see dashed arrows closed to their own blocks Pi).
Prior art references recognize that changes in a network which are reported by notifications should be stored as well, but such a process may be performed in many different ways, and not all are effective.
The Inventors propose an effective new method. The process/technique for performing the above task is schematically illustrated in FIG. 2.
FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a sub-system 20 proposed by the Inventors, which comprises a so-called regular mode plane 22 and a so-called backup memory 24. Actually, the sub-system 20 comprises the discussed computer application such as a Network Management System NMS, and the complete proposed computerized system also includes a communication network (not shown but comprising network elements NEs and their management systems EMSs similar to those shown in FIG. 1).
The regular mode plane 22 comprises at least one first (main) functional block, for example the software process P1 described above in FIG. 1. The process communicates with the above-mentioned network (N) by obtaining notifications about changes there-from. Upon processing the notifications inside the functional blocks, and upon processing their own changes/updates, the processed changes may be written down in a changes log 26, wherein each such entry in the log 26 should be accompanied with an indication of time/time counter/timestamp and an indication (ID) of the relevant object in the DB. The Inventors propose that the log 26 be a part of the data base 12', but log 26 may be a separate memory unit.
The application object/process/block P1 is initially fed by so-called main data of the network (data about network elements and connections there-between which forms a so-called "image of the network" 25 in the application P1. For the first time, the main data (say, on topology) is provided to P1 directly from EMSses or preferably, via the data base DB; connections/rules are created in each of the Pi for its own purposes.
(As we remember, in the prior art data base DB served as backup for information used by the software processes. In case of any crash in the system, recovery of information from the DB was usually very slow).
In our proposed case, when the processes/applications (P1-PN in this example) and the whole NMS work without problems, notifications 27 about changes in the network will reach the relevant processes P1-PN and then, upon processing in the P1-PN, will be posted in DB and there-from--the changes log 26. Each entry in the log 26 will be provided with a timestamp and indication (ID) of the relevant object in the DB. This will allow, if recovery becomes necessary, reading from the DB only the objects which have been changed according to the information posted in the log 26. It should be noted that the processes (functional blocks P1-PN) should be updatable also by exchange of information there-between and by commands of the NMS and/or of the operator. DB of the application should also be updated about such changes in the P1-PN.
The second plane 24--a so-called backup memory--comprises a persistent (temporary or constant) memory 28 for providing quick backup to one or more application objects/processes of the NMS.
All information from at least one (and preferably, each) specific block/process P1 is stored from time to time (say, periodically mapped) to the persistent shared memory 28 (log, file) which cannot be erased when the process P1 is shutdown. Preferably, the information is stored in the serialized form, and the information--each time when being stored--is accompanied with a suitable timestamp (indication of the time of storing/save, or just a number of the change in the relevant counter) for the process Pi.
The memory 28 accommodates so-called reflection 25' which is something like a mirrored image 25' of the first process P1; actually, it may be a second process P1-2 being a copy of the application P1 stored in the persistent shared memory 28. The reflected/mirrored image 25' in 28 is preferably formed by periodically serializing and storing image 25 in the memory 28. The data is just streamed to be stored in the P1-2. In 28, the whole process P1 or at least its memory is stored.
The process of "mirroring" may be performed, for example, according to a previous Applicant's invention (US2002059414 AA or EA004193 B1, EP1213651 B1), which documents are incorporated herein by reference.
Since the reflected information is transferred and preferably stored in a serialized form, it can be restored from the persistent memory 28 quite fast,--in any case, much faster than from the DB 12.
The changes which continue taking place in the network, and due to that (but not only due to that) also in the functional blocks P1-PN between such "serialization and storing actions", are to be preserved in the above-mentioned persistent log 26 of changes. Changes in the network are notified to the blocks P1-PN by network notifications 27 (27' . . . , dashed arrows), and processed therein. The blocks may exchange information about various changes there-between (dashed arrows between the blocks). The updates/changes are entered by the blocks P1-PN into the DB 12', from the DB--into the log 26, and each change is provided with its ID (indicating the object in the DB in which the change is reflected), and with its unique timestamp indicating time or serial number of the change.
It should be mentioned, that the discussed changes of the P1-PN are either periodically (or quite immediately) entered into the regular DB (12') of the computer application.
Owing to that, if a system crash happens between two updates of the Data Base 12 and even between two adjacent "serialization moments" performed for a specific application object/software process P1-PN, the persistence log of changes will be capable to store the latest changes available for any of the processes. When the serialized data about a specific process Pi (having the latest timestamp, i.e., the latest stored version) is to be recovered from the serialized image, the Inventors suggest updating it with the last changes indicated in the persistence log 26 and having timestamps later than the latest timestamp of the relevant serialization/storage. Thus all available (stored) changes will be taken into account for maximally full restoration of the status of a specific software process, the NMS and finally, of the network status in the NMS.
If one of the processes fails, receipt of notifications to the log 26 from the underlying network may still be continued (since other processes will store any changes to the DB and the log), so that record of changes in the network will still be performed.
We consider that the log L (26) is part of the backup memory. In the drawing, log 26 is shown a part of the Data Base 12, but it may be a separate persistent memory for registering network/elements/process changes. The log always collects data from the network and stores any changes in its memory. The log is intended for updating the main data in the processes, but when, say the application process P1 is shut down for any reason, or when changes were not processed before P1 failed, or when they were not saved to the image, the stored/reflected or "mirrored" copy of the information in the 28 is re-loaded to the process P1 upon its restart, and thereupon the log L is being used to find out which changes had occurred from the time of the last saved image, in order to reload these changes from the DB.
It should be noted that when Application P1 is shut down, the log 26 should still be capable of receiving and storing changes. The log will still be able to work and can always be recovered from the memory of DB when trying to restart the NMS. Even if a number of processes/functional blocks of the computer application (say, such as NMS) fail, the proposed invention allows collecting (in the changes log) of information about notifications relevant to the failed blocks. Since the blocks exchange data about notifications there-between, the DB will be at least partially updated about the failed blocks. The process of handling change notifications is shown in FIG. 2 by dashed arrows, and the process of updating DB and the changes log 26 is shown by solid arrows (write). Stages of updating the functional block P1 are shown by the arrow READ1 (reading changes IDs from the changes log 26), and by the arrow READ2 (reading actual changes from identified objects in the data base 12').
It should be understood that other embodiments and versions of the described technique can be proposed and that such modifications should be considered part of the invention as far as being covered by the claims which follow.


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A Very Special Episode: Twin Peaks, "Zen, Or The Skill To Catch A Killer"
Noel Murray
In my friend and colleague Keith Phipps' "TV Club Classic" write-up of Twin Peaks' third episode, he calls it "one of the most peculiar hours of television ever to air on a network," and then asks the question that nearly every Twin Peaks fan was asking back in 1990: "What kind of show are we watching?"
It's a question that still dominates any discussion of Twin Peaks. Some consider the show's first season (the two-hour pilot plus seven one-hour episodes) to be a marvelously entertaining puzzle retroactively ruined by its lack of resolution and by its bizarre second season. But there are others for whom the untethered oddity of Twin Peaks' season two was where the show really got cooking. By and large, the two factions are divided by whether they watched Twin Peaks because they were fans of pop-surrealist filmmaker David Lynch, or because they were fans of quality television.
Myself, I was a Lynch fan when I started watching Twin Peaks in April 1990. I was a sophomore in college at the time, and I remember forcing my roommates to watch the pilot with me on the Sunday that it aired. I wouldn't have to force them again. We all became obsessed with Twin Peaks that spring, and by the end of the first season we were getting together with our friends every week to watch the show and pick through the clues to the mystery of who murdered small-town homecoming queen Laura Palmer. And all along, I was fairly giddy at idea that so many people were hooked on a TV show suffused with the sensibility of the guy who made Eraserhead and Blue Velvet. Even my mom, hardly a devotee of art films, called me up a few weeks into the run and asked, "So what do you think that dream about the dwarf means?"
Mom was referring to that curious third episode, titled on the DVDs as "Episode Two," because it was the second episode after the pilot, though also known in some quarters as "Zen, Or The Skill To Catch A Killer" (which is what I'm going to call it here, because it's less confusing). In the pilot episode, directed and co-written by Lynch, the audience had been introduced to the peculiar residents of a Washington logging/resort community: town bigwig Ben Horne and his sexpot daughter Audrey; mysterious sawmill owner Josie Packard, her bumbling right-hand-man Pete Martell, and Pete's scheming wife Catherine; rough-hewn trucker/drug dealer Leo Johnson, his abused waitress wife Shelly Johnson, and Shelly's bad-boy lover Bobby Briggs; gas station owner Big Ed Hurley, his one-eyed weirdo wife Nadine, and his troubled nephew James; diner owner (and Ed Hurley mistress) Norma Jennings and James Hurley's secret girlfriend Donna Hayward; creepy psychiatrist Lawrence Jacoby and roaming mystic Margaret "Log Lady" Lanterman; upright sheriff Harry S. Truman and his dizzy receptionist Lucy Moran; and lawyer Leland Palmer, his psychic wife Sarah, and their golden girl daughter Laura, who kicks Twin Peaks' plot into motion when she turns up at the start of the pilot "dead… wrapped in plastic."
The first hour-long Twin Peaks after the pilot foregrounds the mystery of Laura Palmer's murder, re-establishing the facts of the case while underlining how all the town's secret affairs and backroom deals make nearly everyone a viable suspect. The episode also amps up the absurdist comedy, often to an excessive degree, though probably not enough to turn off anyone who had been bewitched and unnerved by the pilot. Early on, Twin Peaks established a specific mood, largely tied to its setting. Lynch, when describing what he was going for on the show, often cites the wind whistling through enormous trees, and flutters his fingers for emphasis. (A year before rock music was transformed by the Seattle sound, Lynch and company were already taking America deep into the Pacific Northwest.) Even at Twin Peaks' oddest in its first season, the atmosphere was heady enough to keep calling viewers back.
It's the third episode, "Zen," that makes the best use of Twin Peaks' setting, and pushes the show into previously unexplored television territory. "Zen" begins in the home of the Hornes, where the whole family has gathered for dinner—including the mentally handicapped Johnny, sporting an Indian headdress—when Uncle Jerry comes tearing in, back from Paris with a stack of his favorite sandwiches.
Ben and Jerry leave the house and head across the border to brothel/casino One Eyed Jacks to spend some time with the new girl there. Ben wins the right to go first, and disappears with the frightened young lady into One Eyed Jack's plush, womb-like back rooms.
From there, the episode proceeds in fairly typical primetime soap fashion, catching up incrementally with what the various characters are up to. We see a little tedious romantic chitchat between James and Donna, and see Bobby interrupt Shelly while she's watching the curious soap opera Invitation To Love. We see Pete give Josie what she needs to access the mill's secret ledgers, and see Bobby and his friend Mike get hassled by Leo when they go looking for a cocaine-filled football under a tree in the dark, dark woods.
Twin Peaks is often described as arriving from out of nowhere, but its interest in illicit romance in pure Peyton Place and its deadpan freakiness isn't that far removed from Norman Lear's soap parody Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman. What set Twin Peaks apart is what-the-hell? moments like the this one, where Nadine demonstrates superhuman strength after her husband spills grease on her cotton-ball-stuffed drape-runners…
…and sublimely sexy scenes like this one, where Audrey talks to Donna about coffee and clues and "dreamy" music, then does a little dance.
Audrey's dance mirrors another dance toward the end of the episode: Leland Palmer, cavorting with his daughter's photo to the strains of big-band music. But where Audrey's dance was seductive, Leland's is disturbing.
The most memorable scenes in "Zen" involve FBI Agent Cooper, in town to investigate the Laura Palmer murder and setting Twin Peaks abuzz with his cheery disposition and unconventional methods. Cooper dictates nearly every fleeting thought into a tape recorder for the benefit of a woman named Diane back at the home office (or perhaps just for himself), and seems genuinely delighted by the infinite varieties of human behavior, even when a person is as "lacking in some of the social niceties" as FBI forensics expert Albert Rosenfield.
Prior to Rosenfield's arrival, Cooper uses rocks, a bottle, and a dream about Tibet to help narrow down the suspects in the Palmer case.
And at the end of the episode, he has a bizarre dream, which makes the offhand strangeness of the earlier scenes look like mere whimsy. (When the dwarf known as The Man From Another Place shudders and makes a sound like a bird's wings flapping, it's clear we're in the middle of the freakiest-ever five-minute stretch of a hit primetime TV show.)
That climactic dream sequence is the signature moment in the entirety of Twin Peaks, even more than Cooper repeatedly praising the town's superior pie and coffee. Lynch has said he came up with most of the dream while leaning against a warm car on a chilly night and free-associating. The scene made it into an early version of the Twin Peaks pilot, back when Lynch and his co-creator Mark Frost thought they might wind up with a TV movie with a fixed ending rather than a series. In reviving the dream for "Zen," Lynch signaled that the show's central mystery wasn't going to be solved neatly, but was instead going metaphysical, involving supernatural beings known as Bob and Mike, former partners in evil who now work against each other (similar in some ways to Jacob and The Man In Black on Lost). But "Zen" also masks Lynch's intentions with the way it ends, as Cooper sits upright in bed and calls Sheriff Truman to say, "I know who killed Laura Palmer."
Of course he doesn't really know—at least not yet. The next episode of Twin Peaks opens with Cooper telling an anxious Sheriff Truman that his dream is "a code waiting to be broken… Break the code, solve the crime." In other words, Lynch and company were settled their audience back down immediately, making it clear that this mystery would remain a mystery for the immediate future. But if that audience felt frustrated at being jerked around, they didn't rebel right away. The Twin Peaks phenomenon stayed strong right up to its first season finale roughly a month later, and even though there was a fair amount of outrage that season one ended with multiple cliffhangers rather than revealing who killed Laura Palmer, Twin Peaks remained the pop culture conversation-piece over the summer of 1990, to the extent that even Lynch's violent, stylized feature film Wild At Heart became a minor hit, and Agent Cooper himself, Kyle MacLachlan, was tapped to host the season première of Saturday Night Live, the day before Twin Peaks' second season debuted.
Then the second season started and the backlash hit. Hard.
What happened? Well, that's a question as confounding and important to understanding Twin Peaks as "What kind of show are we watching?" It's not like the show changed its style or approach considerably; it's more like the audience seemed to lose its taste for it. Lynch and Frost were away for large portions of the second season, but the parts of the show that turned people off the most—the mysticism, the multiple dream sequences, the exceedingly dry attempts at humor—were also the most Lynch-like. Mainly, many fans seemed upset by the creators' reluctance to reveal, once and for all, who killed Laura Palmer. In David Hofstede's book What Were They Thinking? The 100 Dumbest Events In Television History, the author writes:
[Frost and Lynch responded] that the series was never supposed to be about Laura Palmer, and that the media fixated on that story while ignoring their overall "vision." A ridiculous argument. You introduce a murder victim in the first scene, you follow that up with a detective, suspects, clues and an investigation, but it's not a murder mystery?
In December of 1990, Twin Peaks finally solved its first big mystery, though in a way so oblique that it struck a lot of the dwindling audience as essentially meaningless. Myself, I'd quit watching early in the second season, for a number of reasons. In the spring, my roommates and I loved Twin Peaks so much that we recorded an answering machine message that aped the backwards-speech of The Man From Another Place. By the fall, we were all busy with new classes, and I had a part-time job that took up a lot of my spare time. Also, frankly, after Wild At Heart, I was a little over-Lynched. I liked Wild At Heart at the time—and it held up well for me when I took another look at it recently—but that movie is so much more of an unfiltered shot of Lynch that it makes Twin Peaks look like a trifle. ("Lynch Lite," if you will.)
In fact I was so burned out on the whole Twin Peaks experience that I didn't even bother to see the prequel movie Fire Walk With Me when it was released in 1992. I finally watched it for the first time earlier this year, and while it was better than I'd heard, it was so psychologically squishy and aggressively off-putting that it made me wonder how Twin Peaks ever became a phenomenon in the first place. So a day or two after watching Fire Walk With Me, I took another look at the Twin Peaks pilot movie, which I hadn't seen in 20 years. And it all made sense again.
It's astonishing how effective the Twin Peaks pilot is, even now. When I interviewed Miguel Ferrer (a.k.a. Agent Rosenfield) last year, he said that when he got his first Twin Peaks script in the mail, he didn't understand it at all, until the producers showed him the pilot, at which point everything made sense. Cinematographer Ron Garcia has said that even while shooting the pilot, he didn't know what Lynch was going for, until he saw the whole movie cut together, with music. Angelo Badalamenti's score played a huge role in defining Twin Peaks' tone—at once retro and, yes, "dreamy"—and Julee Cruise's cooing, indistinct vocals sounded au courant in an era where acts like Enya, Hugo Largo, and Cocteau Twins were bubbling up from the underground. In 1990, before the simultaneous indie-film and alt-rock booms livened popular culture up considerably, the mainstream was at a fairly low creative ebb, and because of that Twin Peaks' mix of small-town scandal, creeping nightmarishness and screwball humor seemed especially sophisticated and vital—so much so that even the average TV viewer couldn't deny it. Harley Peyton, who became one of Twin Peaks' producers in its second season, recalls watching the pilot at a party and thinking, "What just happened to TV?"
Lynch is always quick to credit Frost for Twin Peaks' success. Frost's pre-1990 résumé is littered with credits like The Six Million Dollar Man and The Equalizer, while in recent years he's worked on projects like the Fantastic Four movies and the Disney golf movie The Greatest Game Ever Played. Hardly Lynchian fare, to be sure. But Frost's more conventional sensibility may have helped make Twin Peaks so inviting to so many. The show has such a rich environment and such a full cast of characters that it's easy to get happily lost in its world. And in the early going at least, Lynch and Frost kept the surreal elements and the soap opera/mystery elements in the proper proportion, so that a wide range of people could enjoy the show for different reasons.
Even at that though, no one expected Twin Peaks to take off the way it did. ABC promoted the show very cleverly, with ads that read, "If you miss it tonight, you won't know what everyone's talking about tomorrow." But even after the cast started showing up on magazine covers and talk shows, and Twin Peaks started getting parodied by Sesame Street and The Simpsons, neither the network nor the producers seemed exactly sure what they had, or how to make the most it. Hofstede cites Brandon Tartikoff's memoir, where the legendary TV exec says, "Lynch and Frost were like weekend fisherman, who when they tossed their lines into the water, hooked Jaws. But they couldn't hold on to that big a fish."
And so we come back to that first big question: What kind of show is this? What kind of show should it be? An entertaining mystery-soap with elements of surrealism and subversion? Or a show so surreal and subversive that it chases the audience away and gets canceled? On the "Gold Box" DVD set, there's a special feature about the show's rabid fans, and when asked to talk about what they loved about Twin Peaks, those fans return over and over to the idea that the show was "unlike anything else on TV." But is that a good enough reason to like something?
Not everyone was into Twin Peaks in the spring of 1990, and for those skeptics, the show's ultimate crash was a vindication. For all those who complain about the creators of Lost "making it up as they go along," at least Lost has shown consistency in its broad outline, even if the details sometimes seem to change on the fly. Twin Peaks really was an episode-to-episode creation, by design. Even now, watching "Zen," it's hard to get too excited by the clues Agent Cooper finds, knowing that Lynch and Frost themselves didn't really have any idea at the time what they meant. They were much more interested in exploring where they could go with an ever-evolving story than they were in coming up with definitive answers.
Lynch has said that solving the mystery of Laura Palmer's murder—even in the hazy way they did it—"killed the golden goose" and made the show both less popular and, for him, less fun to make. On the other hand, not solving the murder would've shown contempt for that part of the audience who got hooked by the mystery. It also would've been completely in keeping with Lynch's aesthetic, which frequently expresses contempt for artforms and their audiences. Lynch is an artist who works in cinema, not a cineaste per se. He's the kind of filmmaker who's boasted about never going to the movies, and doesn't appear to be much of a TV buff. (In a conversation with Mädchen Amick on the "Gold Box," Lynch says, "Now tell me about Baywatch. What is that?") Twin Peaks has a lot in common with the florid melodramas of Douglas Sirk and Mark Robson, but Lynch only draws on those influences sporadically, and mixes them in with the flatness of a primetime soap, more by necessity than choice. He clearly doesn't know enough about how television works to use the medium to its best advantage at all times. Watching a Twin Peaks episode like "Zen," it's surprising how dry and normal a lot of it looks in retrospect, even when the dialogue is bizarre and the characters are flipping out.
A lot of what Twin Peaks tried to do has been appropriated and repurposed by other shows over the years. Sometimes badly (see: Happy Town), but often well. Northern Exposure, Picket Fences, Desperate Housewives, Lost… they all learned significant lessons from Twin Peaks' rise and fall, and have kept Lynch and Frost's eccentric communities, scandalous mysteries, and mind-bending weirdness in play, albeit in a more audience-friendly context.
Still, there's something poignant about the moment in "Zen" where the dwarf tells Cooper, "That gum you like is going to come back in style." The fleeting success of Twin Peaks was like The Man From Another Place's prophecy coming true: For a while, pop culture was all about Lynch's kind of gum. And watching "Zen," it's hard not to wish that Lynch and Frost had been more prepared for Twin Peaks to be a smash, and had found a way to concede a little more to the mass audience—just enough to allow Lynch the space to keep parading his vivid American nightmares and creepy artificiality in front of millions, week-to-week. Because there's still something appealingly feverish and gripping about the storytelling style of "Zen," and the way it feels like it could keep digging forever, deeper and deeper. It's all just clues leading to more clues. Wrapped in plastic.
Note: Comments about Twin Peaks taken from the special features of the "Gold Box" DVD set, except where noted.
Next time on A Very Special Episode: Mystery Science Theater 3000, "City Limits."
TVFeaturesA Very Special Episode

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Edu Walkers Lifeskills LLP- Formerly known as Brainsmaart Lifeskills LLP is a leading lifeskills development company working in the field of holistic lifeskills development. Edu Walkers is working with vision & mission to provide lifeskills coaching to individuals & families for their holistic development & peaceful progressive coexistence. Edu Walkers also caters to corporate Sector with respect to enhancing the human resources & increasing the productivity & satisfaction quotient of the employees.We at Edu Walkers believe that mere formal education or jobskill based education gives us abilities to live but falls short to give us life. The various lifeskills required to lead a healthy & successful life have been missing in the structured education system so far in India for over 10 decades. We all have realized this fact for years now but were clueless about the alternative or a solution. The wait is over. Edu Walkers comes to you with various lifeskills development solutions & services. Do spend some time on our website to know how our services can benefit you.
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Sci-fi writer rolls into Fermilab
April 18, 2012 | Sarah Charley
Bestselling science fiction author James Rollins visited Fermilab on April 16 seeking inspiration for his next novel.
"I'm always looking for a piece of science that I can play with and extrapolate into something exciting," Rollins said. "I always have my antenna up, watching, making notes, looking for new ideas and information. Then I look for connections between bits of science and history I've collected and I formulate a story around it."
Rollins came to Fermilab after a friend recommended he visit the laboratory to learn about new physics.
"I was going to Chicago for a writer's conference and one of my friends is acquainted with people at Fermilab and suggested I come here. She thought it would be a good source of inspiration," Rollins said.
Rollins was given a full Fermilab tour, visiting sites such as the LINAC, main control room, NOvA near detector and DZero. He will draw upon these experiences to help fuel his next novel.
"I write science fiction, and I like to cycle between different subjects. This next novel is going to be about physics, probably dark matter and dark energy," Rollins said. "Fermilab is a great place to learn about these things."
—Sarah Charley


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Johannes Balthazar Zehngraff [Parents] was born on 31 Oct 1788 in Nyborg, Odense, Denmark. He died on 27 Jul 1873. He married Christiane Christiansdatter Jensen on 23 Jun 1816.
Christiane Christiansdatter Jensen [Parents] was born on 12 Feb 1794 in Svendborg. She died on 28 May 1859 in Svendborg. She married Johannes Balthazar Zehngraff on 23 Jun 1816. Christiane was employed as (3).
M i Antoni Zehngraff was born in 1816 in Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark. Antoni was employed as (3). [Notes]
F ii Petrea Christine Zehngraff was born in 1822 in Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark. Petrea was employed as (3). [Notes]
M iii Witalis Zehngraff was born in 1824 in Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark. Witalis was employed as (3). [Notes]
F iv Josephine Marie Zehngraff was born on 19 Jun 1834.
Thomas Christensen was born in of Vadum, Aalborg, Denmark. He married Mette Katrine Hansdatter. Thomas was employed as (3).
Mette Katrine Hansdatter was born in of Vadum, Aalborg, Denmark. She married Thomas Christensen. Mette was employed as (3).
F i Nicoline Kirstine Pedersen Thomasdatter was born on 13 Feb 1838.
Hans Holm [Parents] was born on 24 Jul 1783 in Nykobing F, Maribo, Denmark. He died on 27 May 1854 in Nykobing F. He married Hanne Marie Bering. Hans was employed as (3).
Solling, Jacobine
Hanne Marie Bering was born in of Nykobing F, Maribo, Denmark. She married Hans Holm. Hanne was employed as (3).
M i Lars Holm was born on 4 Apr 1816 in Nykobing F, Maribo, Denmark. He died on 12 Nov 1883 in Naestved, Denmark. Lars was employed as (3). [Notes]
M ii Jacob Niels Holm was born in 1818 in of Nykobing F, Maribo, Denmark. Jacob was employed as (3). [Notes]
F iii Marie Dorthea Holm was born in 1819 in of Nykobing F, Maribo, Denmark. Marie was employed as (3). [Notes]
Heinrich IV van der Smissen [Parents] was born in 1774 in Altona. He married Dorothea Augusta Hartog.
Dorothea Augusta Hartog.Dorothea married Heinrich IV van der Smissen.
F i Helene Sophia van der Smitten was born on 26 Mar 1798.
Niels Jacobsen Solling was born in 1760 in Nykobing F, Maribo, Denmark. He married Maren Larsdatter. Niels was employed as (3).
Maren Larsdatter was born in 1760 in of Nykobing F, Maribo, Denmark. She married Niels Jacobsen Solling. Maren was employed as (3).
F i Anne Solling was born in 1786 in Nykobing F, Maribo, Denmark. Anne was employed as (3). [Notes]
F ii Kristine Solling was born in 1796 in Nykobing F, Maribo, Denmark. Kristine was employed as (3). [Notes]
F iii Grete Solling was born in 1798 in Nykobing F, Maribo, Denmark. Grete was employed as (3). [Notes]
F iv Jacobine Solling was born on 8 Aug 1800. She died on 18 Aug 1868.
Hans Laursen was born in 1737 in of Falsted, Svanninge, Svendborg,Denmark. He married Kirsten Hansdatter. Hans was employed as (3).
Kirsten Hansdatter was born in 1733 in of Falsted, Svanninge, Svendborg,Denmark. She married Hans Laursen. Kirsten was employed as (3).
M i Hans Jacob Hansen was born on 4 Dec 1768 in Falsted, Svanninge, Svendborg, Denmark. Hans was employed as (3). [Notes]
M ii Lauritz Hansen was born on 13 Feb 1771 in Falsted, Svanninge, Svendborg, Denmark. Lauritz was employed as (3). [Notes]
F iii Johanne Hansen was born on 20 Sep 1772 in Falsted, Svanninge, Svendborg, Denmark. Johanne was employed as (3). [Notes]
F iv Anna Hansen was born on 26 Dec 1774.
Christian Petersen was born in of Notmark, Sonderborg, Denmark. He married Margaretha Clausen in Not Married. Christian was employed as (3).
Margaretha Clausen [Parents] was born on 6 Jun 1803 in Notmark, Sonderborg, Denmark. She married Christian Petersen in Not Married. Margaretha was employed as (3).
M i Christian Petersen was born on 30 Jan 1820 in Notmark, Sonderborg, Denmark. Christian was employed as (3). [Notes]
Johannes Balthazar Chilianus Zehngraff was born in 1760 in of Nyborg, Odense, Denmark. He died on 14 Mar 1810 in Nyborg. He married Christine Andersdatter Baiche on 28 Oct 1788 in Nyborg, Odense, Denmark. Johannes was employed as (3).
Christine Andersdatter Baiche was born in 1765 in Fra Nyborg, Fyn. She married Johannes Balthazar Chilianus Zehngraff on 28 Oct 1788 in Nyborg, Odense, Denmark. Christine was employed as (3).
M i Johannes Balthazar Zehngraff was born on 31 Oct 1788. He died on 27 Jul 1873.
M ii Peter Zehngraff was born in 1790 in Nyborg, Odense, Denmark. Peter was employed as (3). [Notes]
F iii Ane Dorthe Zehngraff was born in 1796 in Nyborg, Odense, Denmark. Ane was employed as (3). [Notes]
F iv Margrete Zehngraff was born in 1799 in Nyborg, Odense, Denmark. Margrete was employed as (3). [Notes]
Christian Jensen was born in 1757. He died after 1816. He married Christine Rasmusdatter. Christian was employed as (3) Skrædder in Svendborg.
Christine Rasmusdatter was born in 1754/1755. She died after 1801. She married Christian Jensen. Christine was employed as (3).
M i Hans Christian Lang was born on 13 Feb 1784 in Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark. Hans was employed as (3). [Notes]
F ii Birgitte Lang was born in 1787 in Svendborg, Fyn. Birgitte was employed as (3). [Notes]
M iii Christian Jensen Lang was born on 6 Apr 1788 in Svendborg, Fyn. Christian was employed as (3). [Notes]
M iv Lorentz Jensen Lang was born on 7 Jun 1790 in Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark. Lorentz was employed as (3). [Notes]
M v Lorentz Jensen Lang was born on 4 Mar 1792 in Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark. Lorentz was employed as (3). [Notes]
F vi Christiane Christiansdatter Jensen was born on 12 Feb 1794. She died on 28 May 1859.
F vii Anna Cathrine Lang was born in 1797 in Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark. Anna was employed as (3). [Notes]
F viii Marie Cathrine Lang was born in 1800 in Svendborg, Svendborg, Denmark. Marie was employed as (3). [Notes]
Johan Simon Bejer was born on 4 Feb 1700 in Jena, Baden, Germany. He died about 1759 in Nykøbing Falster. Johan was employed as (3).
Bang, Cathtine
F i Maria Bejer was born on 17 Feb 1742 in Nykobing F, Maribo, Denmark. [Notes]


Though I am in alliance of 10, he is alone in his Kd, but he is allied to other 15 people, so a fair fight just to explain that part.
The people of this city has not heard from it's ruler in a very long time!
He kept sending 2k and 5k armies from up north, kept coming to his city all day, I was preparing for almost 24 hours on his armory, because he also casted locust at least 10 times, quite successfuly.
So he was around yesterday, or I would say at least 20 hours ago.
So his town is almost 70k buildings, how is it possible that he quit, he should be "too strong to quit" I think that is the error that we get when you try to restart. You cant even restart when you have a scout and possiblity to settle a city.
I am not too familiar with the resign mechanics as I hardly ever resign in an era while still having a city left.
But one thing I know for sure is that you can't resign with the resign button if you are in protection or have too many cities left.
"The people of this city has not heard from it's ruler in a very long time!" <<<< As for this, this is referring to the native people. It isn't referring to the player that has just resign.
I think it goes by number of cities, instead of land. Not entirely sure. if thats the case id assume you could build 1 200ker as human and have no troops and be about to resign.
But either way, having that much land as he does.. he shouldnt be allowed to resign.
it goes by number of cities and number of armies, not size of cities and size of armies.


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Gaffer Previews Crawley Town
Lewis Richards
Michael Brown says he is looking forward to Saturday's season opener at Crawley Town labelling it as "exciting times" for the football club.
Vale will make the long journey down South this weekend to open up the League Two campaign in hope of getting a positive result after a solid pre-season.
Talking to the media before Saturday's game, the gaffer reminisces on his time as a player describing his feelings and emotions for the opening day of any football season, he said: "It's exciting times. I will always remember it as a player when you stood there on the first day with the crowd back; for me, it was always when you were in the tunnel as you're about to walk out onto the pitch for the first time of the season.
"It was always special. For me, standing there in a different way and a different capacity – I'll certainly look forward to that.
"We're ready. It's a new team and we're looking to see how they gel. It'll take a bit of time for us but we're looking forward to it and a plan is in place."
With a fresh start for Brown awaiting this weekend, it's also a clean slate for Reds' manager Harry Kewell as he prepares for his official start with Crawley.
The gaffer is expecting a tough match against the Australian's squad and is aware of the abilities they carry: "It'll be a difficult game. I think they will want to play good football; Harry [Kewell] will want them to do that.
"They will play out from the back but they will certainly have an alternative but it will be a good match for us and we're looking forward to it."
Despite the drop down to League Two, Brown says that there isn't much difference between the two divisions and Vale will face several types of opponents with many different styles of play, for the upcoming campaign.
He said: "There will be different challenges, I think the quality might not be as good but the gap isn't a huge difference.
"There will be teams who play nice football and teams who 'go long'. There will be some good footballers and the lower down you go it's about being consistent in decision making, so you will certainly get teams playing well but can they do it all the time?
"We're looking for consistency and to be better defensively – then we can build from there."
First Team Manager


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Category Archives: Amy Herzog
Personal is political in Aurora's fiery Revolution
Posted on September 6, 2013 by Chad Jones
EXTENDED THROUGH OCT. 6
Rolf Saxon is Ben Joseph and Jessica Bates is Emma Joseph in Aurora Theatre Company's production of After the Revolution by Amy Herzog and directed by Joy Carlin. Below: Bates' Emma is comforted by Adrian Anchondo's Miguel. Photos by David Allen
Berkeley's Aurora Theatre Company opens its 22nd season with Amy Herzog's smart, moving drama After the Revolution, an ambitious play that juggles American history, the cost of political idealism and how one generation affects another – for good and ill – in a tight-knit family.
This is the same Herzog whose 4000 Miles was so good at American Conservatory Theater earlier this year (read my review here), and this play, which predates 4000 Miles, also features the character of Vera Joseph (who is based on Herzog's own grandmother). Vera is the widow of Joe Joseph, a member of the Communist party and a blacklisted victim of the McCarthy witch hunts in the 1950s, and though she's younger in this play (by about a decade), she's just as irascible – a crusty, Leftie granny with lots of bite left in her.
But Vera isn't the focus here. The spotlight belongs to Vera's granddaughter, Emma Joseph (Jessica Bates), a brilliant, recently graduated lawyer who runs the Joe Joseph Fund, a nonprofit aiming to release Mumia Abu-Jamal, the former Black Panther who was given the death sentence for the murder of a Philadelphia policeman. The year is 1999 (before Mumia's sentence was commuted to life in prison), and Emma and her group feel that Mumia, because of his outspoken political views and the fact that he's black, led to a farce of a trial and an overly harsh, even racist sentence. In other words, Emma feels she is carrying on her grandfather's legacy by not giving in to governmental abuse of power.
Emma is the pride and joy of her family. Her dad, Ben (Rolf Saxon) can barely contain the tears when he toasts his daughter, who is so proudly carrying the banner for the family's history and politics. Ben's brother, Leo (Victor Talmadge) is equally proud and somewhat chagrined that his own three children, whom he calls "jocks," don't care at all about politics, blacklists or Communists. And then there's Vera (Ellen Ratner), who is disappointed that all of her grandchildren, except Emma, have so little political intelligence or ambition.
When a deep, dark secret from decades past emerges, as such secrets often do, the Joseph family splinters. Emma suffers the most from the news, and everyone is left to deal with her implosion. It seems Joe wasn't exactly the stand-up-and-fight-the-power Commie Emma thought he was. He was the "share government secrets with the Soviets during World War II" kind of Commie, and to Emma, that is dishonest and dishonorable. Vera sees it differently, that Joe was working for Stalin, in whom he believed more than Roosevelt, and it was before we knew everything we later knew about what Stalin was actually doing in Russia.
Whatever, this revelation makes Emma question everything about her choices in life, especially the work she's doing in her grandfather's name. The revelation also threatens to destroy Emma's relationship with her father, whom she revered as an inspiring Marxist public school teacher. Not a liar who kept vital information from her and arguably let her take money from donors to the Fund under somewhat false pretenses.
When it comes right down it, After the Revolution is really a father-daughter drama, and a bracingly good one. As Emma retreats from the world and wallows in self-pity and seems incapable of showing any shred of compassion for anyone (especially her father), Ben keeps trying to reach out to her and heal their rupture. The scene when they finally do meet, each prepared as if for a lecture demonstration, is alive with humor, regret, deep sadness and even deeper love. It's a marvelous scene, beautifully played by Bates and Saxon. We never doubt Ben's love for his daughter or his torment over not sharing the truth about his father sooner. But the scene allows Bates' Emma to show that she has grown and expanded as a human, that she is capable of compassion.
Perhaps because that scene is so emotionally rich and rewarding, it's disappointing, then, that the play shifts attention away from Emma, who is the protagonist, and to Vera, who is but a key supporting player. Vera makes an important point about Emma's choices as they relate to her grandfather, but the play suffers from the shift in focus.
Director Joy Carlin navigates these tricky dramatic waters with aplomb and sensitivity. Politics are important here, but they never overtake the emotional lives and connections of the characters. The excellent supporting cast includes Adrian Anchondo as Emma's boyfriend, who also works at the Fund; Pamela Gaye Walker as Ben's wife (who has one of the play's best scenes in a late-night phone call to a suffering Emma); Peter Kybart as a wise (and loaded) donor to Emma's Fund; and Sarah Mitchell as Emma's sister, who is fresh from another round of rehab.
Herzog creates a broad canvas here that allows money, history, truth and family to ratchet up the stakes and provide the ultimate reward. After the Revolution
isn't exactly revolutionary, but as a family drama it surges with power and heart.
I talked to After the Revolution director Joy Carlin for a story in the San Francisco Chronicle. Read the feature here.
Amy Herzog's After the Revolution continues an extended run through Oct. 6 at Aurora Theatre Company, 2081 Addison St., San Francisco. Tickets are $32-$50. Call 510-843-4822 or visit www.auroratheatre.org.
Posted in Amy Herzog, Aurora Theatre Company, Joy Carlin, local theater, plays, theater review	| Leave a reply
ACT's 4000 Miles a journey worth taking
Posted on January 25, 2013 by Chad Jones
Reggie Gowland is Leo Joseph-Connell and Susan Blommaert is Vera Joseph, his grandmother, in Amy Herzog's 4000 Miles now at American Conservatory Theater's Geary Theater. Below: Gowland's Leo wrangles over matters of the heart with Julia Lawler as Bec. Photos by Kevin Berne.
How do you make a hug between grandmother and grandson a high point of a play without making it corny or sentimental? That's the trick playwright Amy Herzog and director Mark Rucker pull off in the compelling drama 4000 Miles now at American Conservatory Theater's Geary Theater.
The moment comes fairly early in this 90-minute one-act after 21-year-old Leo (Reggie Gowland) has surprised his 91-year-old grandmother, Vera (Susan Blommaert) by showing up in the middle of the night after completing a cross-country bicycle trip from Seattle to Manhattan.
There's a lot they need to talk about, like why Leo disappeared for months after his bicycle trip with his best friend Micah went horribly awry or why stubborn Vera doesn't reach out for help as often as she should as she navigates old age with mixed success. But first these two just need to connect.
She's an old Leftie, a card-carrying Communist whose second husband wrote books about Cuba. He's a vaguely New Age hippie. Neither of them is as well versed in their manifestos as they should be, but they both live with the conviction of true believers. Theirs isn't so much a cultural or generational clash as it is a bumpy reunion of like minds and hearts.
The hug comes when Vera is upset but doesn't readily take comfort from the rare warm body in her Greenwich Village apartment. The raggedy, bushy-haired Leo, who towers over his grandmother, opens his arms and says, almost jokingly, "How about a hug from a hippie?" Vera, in her slightly doddering way, waves him away. Then she re-thinks the option, turns around and falls into her grandson's arms. They both seem a little surprised by how much the hug ends up meaning.
The fact is, these two find each other when they most need each other. Theirs is not a stereotypical clash of the older and younger generations, with each railing against the other's foreign ways and then coming to a begrudging, ultimately loving understanding by the final curtain. These two love each other from the start. Their ways are rather foreign, but they also have a great deal in common.
The real pleasure of Herzog's script and Rucker's sensitive production is that it feels real. The rhythms aren't theatrical. Some scenes are long, others are quite short. And that's a difficult thing to pull off in the giant Geary.
Set designer Erik Flatmo has created a strikingly lifelike apartment with the focus on the living room (where there's a working rotary dial phone to give you an idea of the design sense), although the size of the stage allows glimpses into the kitchen, Vera's room and the hallway outside the apartment's front door.
In spite of the finely detailed set, the sheer size of the theater swallows up some of the naturalism. Nuances, both vocal and physical, tend to get lost, and some of the scenes, especially the quiet ones like Leo's soliloquy about his bike trip, don't connect in the way they should
The performances are lovely, though. Blommaert's Vera conveys a believable tussle with the horrors of aging, like not being able to remember words, the luxury to say whatever is on your mind (even if it involves telling your grandson that he sounds stupid) and the, in her words, "disgusting" physical deterioration that accompanies her advancing years. Vera gets a lot of laughs, but they are not in any way "Golden Girls" laughs. This is a smart, political woman who doesn't put up with a lot of nonsense, and Blommaert is sharp and compassionate in the role.
Gowland's Reggie is just as believable at the opposite end of the aging spectrum. He's 21 going on 16. We see him interacting with two women, his girlfriend Bec (Julia Lawler) and an art student he brought home for a fling (Camille Mana). In his dealings with these two very different women, we see that he's honest and sincere (almost to a fault) but immature. He's been through a rough time, but it's time for him to stop behaving like a teenager and step up to manhood. Gowland is loveable but he has some sharp edges, which is good.
4000 Miles is, in the end, a story of transitions, of family members being there for one another to help, not in a sappy way but more of a being there and listening way. Vera and Leo are better for having spent some time together, both ready to add a few more miles onto their respective journeys.
I talked to playwright Amy Herzog for a feature in the San Francisco Chronicle. Read the story here.
Amy Herzog's 4000 Miles continues through Feb. 10 at American Conservatory Theater's Geary Theater, 415 Geary St., San Francisco. Tickets are $20-$105 (subject to change). Call 415-749-2228 or visit www.act-sf.org.
Posted in American Conservatory Theater, Amy Herzog, local theater, Mark Rucker, plays, San Francisco Chronicle, theater review	| 1 Reply


text:
Home Celebrities Kim Kardashian SKIMs x Fendi Partnership Makes $1 Million In A Single Minute
Kim Kardashian SKIMs x Fendi Partnership Makes $1 Million In A Single Minute
Kim Kardashian SKIMs x Fendi makes a whooping $1million in few minutes.
On Tuesday, Kim Kardashian unveiled the highly-anticipated SKIMS x Fendi collaboration, offering a unique variation on the staples of shapewear like bras and bodysuits, sculpting shorts and underwear. What makes this collection more appealing is that it includes ready-to-wear pieces like cardigans and the leather dress Kim was seen wearing for the WSJ's 2021 Innovator Awards.
According to TMZ sources, that the collaboration made one million dollars in sales in the first few minutes that makes sense because prices range from $100 to $4,200.
However, this also means that this collection could be the largest launch day for SKIM ever, which is not surprising considering that over 300,000 people registered for the waitlist before the launch. While the collection is almost gone, we're hoping it will see a follow-up release shortly.
In an interview conducted by WSJ Magazine last month, KKW announced an exclusive collaboration with an Italian fashion house in advance of the Innovator Awards.
Magazine 2021 November Issue The Keeping Up with the Kardashians actor started collaborating with Fendi creative director Kim Jones after hearing women at his office loved her clothes, as she explained within the WSJ. Then, she explained that she "sent him a bunch." Issue Innovator.
A post shared by Kim Kardashian (@kimkardashian)
They began discussing the partnership in December of the previous year. KKW, the fashion model to the collections, met Jones in Mexico during March for fitting sessions.
"I really like to be a fit model … I need to feel it," she added. "I probably do so much more work than people assume, that might not even be necessary at this point. But I do it."
In September 2019, Kim Kardashian launched SKIMs. In June 2021, it was valued at $1.6billion. This is the reason the mogul was honoured in each year's Innovator Awards.
The SKIMS founder was seen at the night of the November 1 award ceremony in a leather outfit that was part of the latest Fendi collaboration and was raving about the progress she's made in her career.
"Fifteen years ago, when I was starting my career, I could have never dreamed that I would have been getting an innovator award for brands," she said. "Back in the day, I would have been the face of any brand if they would have asked me."
In a retrospective of the previous brands she worked with before creating her brand, Kardashian West said, "I did cupcakes to weight loss pills all at the same time. I'm just so grateful that I have my own brand now. I would do all of that and then wear shapewear on top. It was all contradictory."
She added, "I've always liked to come up with solutions, and I'm just really thankful."
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Jason Hartzenberg dreamt of being a policeman and had just passed his entrance exam.
But the 21-year-old's dream died in the blink of an eye on Monday when he was killed, along with several others, in an explosion at the Rheinmetall Denel munitions factory in Macassar' near Somerset West.
Hartzenberg's aunt' Marilyn Hartzenberg' and his one-yearold child's grandmother' Beverley January' stood weeping at the factory gate on Tuesday as a large contingent of the Macassar community – which relies on the plant for 2'200 jobs – held a church service.
January clutched a picture of her nephew and said he had been planning to leave his parttime job to follow his dream of becoming a policeman.
Marilyn said Mario and his mother had just returned from a hospital check-up on Monday when Hartzenberg's friend' whom he had just relieved on his shift' called with news about the massive explosion.
"She was just recovering from Mario being shot and then she received this news'" Marilyn said.
Hartzenberg was one of a team of 10 people mixing propellant for 155mm artillery shells at the time of the blast.
At about 3.30pm' an earthshaking explosion destroyed the roof and severely damaged the blast wall of the building where they were working.
The blast produced tremendous heat' Schulze said, after joining state security minister Dipuo Letsatsi-Duba in comforting families of the victims.
None of the dead workers' bodies had been retrieved yet.
"We are not able to access the site yet' it's not safe yet.
"There are falling rocks and stones and propellant' and extreme heat'" Schulze said.
The City of Cape Town Fire and Rescue Services said on Monday that eight people had been reported killed in the blast' but Schulze said he could not give an estimate of fatalities because no remains had been recovered.
He said the plant was one of the largest of its kind in the world' and the only large-calibre munitions production facility in SA.
The complex contained 400 buildings' each contained with blast walls to prevent a chain reaction in the event of an explosion like Monday's.
The EFF has called for compensation for the victims' families, while Pieter Groenewald of Freedom Front Plus called on Denel to be honest about the cause of the explosion.
"The explosion raises serious questions about the operational safety at the plant," Groenewald said.


text:
"""

Copyright (c) 2016 Civic Knowledge. This file is licensed under the terms of
the Revised BSD License, included in this distribution as LICENSE.txt

"""

from .core import *
import re
from datetime import date, time, datetime
from  dateutil.parser import parse

def cast_date(v, header_d, errors):

    if v is None or v is NoneValue or v == '':
        return None
    elif isinstance(v, FailedValue):
        pass
    elif isinstance(v, date):
        return v
    elif isinstance(v, ValueType):
        return v.__date__()
    elif isinstance(v, str):
        return parse(v).date

    errors[header_d].add(u"Failed to cast '{}' ({}) to date in '{}': {}".format(v, type(v), header_d, v.exc))
    count_errors(errors)
    return None

def cast_datetime(v, header_d, errors):

    if v is None or v is NoneValue or v == '':
        return None
    elif isinstance(v, datetime):
        return v
    elif isinstance(v, ValueType):
        return v.__datetime__()
    elif isinstance(v, str):
        return parse(v)
    elif isinstance(v, Exception):
        errors[header_d].add(u"Failed to cast '{}' ({}) to datetime in '{}': {}".format(v, type(v), header_d, v.exc))
        count_errors(errors)
    else:
        raise Exception("Unknown value! type={} value={}".format(type(v),v))

    return None

def cast_time(v, header_d, errors):
    if v is None or v is NoneValue or v == '':
        return None
    elif isinstance(v, time):
        return v
    elif isinstance(v, ValueType):
        return v.__time__()
    elif isinstance(v, str):
        return parse(v).time

    errors[header_d].add(u"Failed to cast '{}' ({}) to time in '{}': {}".format(v, type(v), header_d, v.exc))
    count_errors(errors)
    return None

class TimeVT(TimeValue, TimeMixin):
    role = ROLE.DIMENSION
    vt_code = 'dt/time'
    desc = 'Time'
    lom = LOM.ORDINAL

class DateVT(DateValue, TimeMixin):
    role = ROLE.DIMENSION
    vt_code = 'dt/date'
    desc = 'Date'
    lom = LOM.ORDINAL

    def __init__(self, v):
        super(DateVT, self).__init__(v)

class DateTimeVT(DateTimeValue, TimeMixin):
    role = ROLE.DIMENSION
    vt_code = 'dt/datetime'
    desc = 'Date and time'
    lom = LOM.ORDINAL

class YearValue(IntValue, TimeMixin):
    """Time interval of a single year"""
    role = ROLE.DIMENSION
    vt_code = 'year'
    desc = 'Single year Interval'
    lom = LOM.ORDINAL

    year_re = re.compile(r'^(\d{4})$')

    def __new__(cls, v):
        if v is None or (isinstance(v, str) and v.strip() == ''):
            return NoneValue

        return IntValue.__new__(cls, v)

    @property
    def start(self):
        return int(self)

    @property
    def end(self):
        return int(self) + 1

class MonthValue(IntValue, TimeMixin):
    """A month"""
    role = ROLE.DIMENSION
    vt_code = 'month'
    desc = 'A month'
    lom = LOM.ORDINAL

class YearRangeValue(StrDimension, TimeMixin):
    """A half-open time interval between two years"""

    vt_code = 'year/range'
    desc = 'Year range interval'
    lom = LOM.ORDINAL

    y1 = None
    y2 = None

    year_range_re = re.compile(r'(\d{4})(?:\/|-|--)(\d{4})')  # / and -- make it also an ISO interval

    def __new__(cls, v):

        if v is None or (isinstance(v, str) and v.strip() == ''):
            return NoneValue

        o = StrValue.__new__(cls, v)

        if isinstance(v, (int, float)):
            o.y1 = v
            o.y2 = v + 1
            return o

        if isinstance(v, str):
            v = v.strip()

        m = YearValue.year_re.match(v)

        if m:
            o.y1 = int(m.group(1))
            o.y2 = o.y1 + 1

            return o

        m = YearRangeValue.year_range_re.match(v)

        if m:
            o.y1 = int(m.group(1))
            o.y2 = int(m.group(2))

            return o

        return FailedValue(v, ValueError("YearRangeValue failed to match year range"))

    @property
    def start(self):
        return int(self.y1)

    @property
    def end(self):
        return int(self.y2)

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.y1) + '/' + str(self.y2)

class IntervalValue(StrDimension, TimeMixin):
    """A generic time interval. A single year, year range, or an ISO Interval"""
    vt_code = 'interval'
    desc = 'Time interval'
    lom = LOM.ORDINAL

    year_range_re = re.compile(r'(\d{4})(?:\/|-|--)(\d{4})')  # / and -- make it also an ISO interval

    def __new__(cls, v):

        if v is None or (isinstance(v, str) and v.strip() == ''):
            return NoneValue

        # P1Y1D: This is probably

        if isinstance(v, (int, float)):
            return IntervalIsoVT('{}/{}'.format(int(v), int(v) + 1))

        if isinstance(v, str):
            v = v.strip()

        m = YearValue.year_re.match(v)

        if m:
            return IntervalIsoVT('{}/{}'.format(int(m.group(1)), int(m.group(1)) + 1))

        m = cls.year_range_re.match(v)

        if m:
            return IntervalIsoVT('{}/{}'.format(m.group(1), m.group(2)))

        return IntervalIsoVT(v)

class IntervalIsoVT(StrValue, TimeMixin):
    role = ROLE.DIMENSION
    vt_code = 'duration/iso'
    desc = 'ISO FOrmat Interval'
    lom = LOM.ORDINAL

    interval = None

    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        v = args[0]

        if v is None or (isinstance(v, str) and v.strip() == ''):
            return None

        return StrValue.__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

    def __init__(self, v):
        import aniso8601

        self.interval = aniso8601.parse_interval(v)

    def __str__(self):
        return str(self.interval[0]) + '/' + str(self.interval[1])

    @property
    def start(self):
        return self.interval[0]

    @property
    def end(self):
        return self.interval[1]

times_value_types = {
    'date': DateVT,
    'datetime': DateTimeVT,
    'time': TimeVT,
    'year': YearValue,
    'month': MonthValue,
    'year/range': YearRangeValue,
    "interval": IntervalValue,
    "interval/iso": IntervalIsoVT,
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Discussion in 'Kentucky' started by talob, Mar 30, 2019.
I'm not from Kentucky, but welcomd from Alaska!
Not from Kentucky either, but welcome from Central Florida.
Why thank you guys, there are a few of us around though we are scattered aren't we.
Hi randyt, is years ago as in the past and not now?


One or One Hundred....Everyone loves a birthday cake! Today they can be a basic addition to your party or a personal art piece that will be the center of attention. Your only as old as you feel right?
**If you have set a date and know you want us to design a cake for your event, call us and get your date saved with a deposit. You do not have an order with us until that is made!


How the American public understand gerrymandering and collect data that could lead to fairer, more representative voting districts across the US? Speaking today at CITP are Ben Williams and Hannah Wheelen of the Princeton Gerrymandering Project.
Rather than removing the need for trust, blockchain offers a new architecture of trust, according to Kevin Werbach, today's speaker at CITP.


text:
@interface ViewController : UIViewController<UIDocumentInteractionControllerDelegate,UIWebViewDelegate>

{
    DocumentView *subview;
}

@property(nonatomic,strong) UIDocumentInteractionController *_docController;
@end


text:
LC Bulletin: NMSU to host forum on the economy
By cobadmin | Published February 11, 2013
February 8, 2013 . Retrieved online February 11, 2013 from Alta LeCompte , Las Cruces Bulletin
Conference set for Feb. 21
Jim Peach, New Mexico State University economics professor, won't produce a crystal ball during his Thursday, Feb. 21, presentation at the College of Business Economic Outlook Conference.
He doubts his partner on the dais, Eugenio Alemán of Wells Fargo & Co., will, either. But both will bring to their presentations facts and insights to help Las Crucens better understand the economic context in which business decisions will be made.
The conference from 3:30 to 5:30 p.m. in the Health and Social Services Auditorium on the NMSU campus will be its second annual held in southern New Mexico.
Peach is regents professor of economics and international business. He holds a doctoral degree from the University of Texas at Austin. Alemán, senior economist and vice president of Wells Fargo, holds a doctoral degree from Florida International University. Both economists include Mexico among their areas of expertise.
They intend to discuss historical trends that could affect the events of 2013.
The audience will include guests of Wells Fargo and students and alumni of the NMSU College of Business.
NMSU College of Business Dean Garrey Carruthers said both Wells Fargo and the university want the event will grow in the way the annual Domenici Public Policy Conference has evolved.
He said there's great chemistry between the two preeminent economists, both of whom have "a great sense of what a popular audience wants to hear."
"It's great fun," Peach said of the event. "Last year I had not met my Wells Fargo partner until five minutes before we went on stage, but our presentations dovetailed very nicely. The banter back and forth between us was swell." His banter belies the assertion economics is the dismal science, but his comments contain a note of dark humor. "If the sequester goes through, we're toast," he said of the federally dependent New Mexico economy.
Carruthers said Wells Fargo has shown a "real interest" in working with NMSU, which has two sources of dialogue with outside experts.
One source is a bank such as Wells Fargo that is committed to bringing in their top people, and the other is the Federal Reserve Bank of El Paso and occasionally Dallas, he said.
To register online and print a free parking pass, go to http://business.nmsu.edu/events or call Judy Wetzel at 521-6849 by Friday,
Read the Las Cruces Bulletin article
This entry was posted in News and tagged Alumni, Domenici Conference, Economic Outlook Conference, Economics, Economics-ASTAT-International Business Department, Economy, Eugenio Aleman, Faculty, Federal Reserve, Florida International University, Garrey Carruthers, International Business, International Economy, Jim Peach, Las Cruces NM, Local Economy, Mexico, National Economy, New Mexico, Recession, Regents Professors, Regional Economy, Students, University of Texas-Austin, Wells Fargo Bank. Bookmark the permalink. Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post. Both comments and trackbacks are currently closed.
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text:
Prince Andrew heckler will not face court
The 22-year-old was arrested and charged with breach of the peace after shouting at the Duke of York on the Royal Mile on 12 September.
Tuesday 22 November 2022 15:56, UK
Moment man shouted at Prince Andrew
A man charged for heckling Prince Andrew as he walked behind the Queen's coffin in Edinburgh will not face court, prosecutors have said.
All the Queen's children, including the King, were walking behind her coffin when the man shouted: "Andrew, you're a sick old man."
He was removed from the crowd and detained by police.
The Crown Office has said the case has been dealt with "by way of an offer of an alternative to prosecution".
A spokesman said: "The procurator fiscal received a report concerning a 22-year-old male in connection with an alleged incident on September 12, 2022.
"After full and careful consideration of all facts and circumstances, the case was dealt with by way of an offer of an alternative to prosecution."
More on Prince Andrew
Ghislaine Maxwell believes Jeffrey Epstein was murdered - and wishes she 'never met' him
Ghislaine Maxwell says Jeffrey Epstein's victims should take 'upset out' on authorities in new prison interview
Ghislaine Maxwell repeats claims Prince Andrew photo with Virginia Giuffre is 'fake' in prison interview
Alternatives to prosecution can involve warnings, work orders, fines and compensation orders.
The Crown Office did not disclose what alternative was used in this case.
Image: Prince Andrew was walking behind the hearse when the man shouted out
Prosecutors added that no action would be taken at this time against a 22-year-old woman who held an anti-monarchy sign ahead of the accession proclamation of King Charles III in Edinburgh.
She was arrested outside St Giles' Cathedral on 11 September.
The Crown Office said: "The procurator fiscal received a report relating to a 22-year-old female and an incident said to have occurred on September 11, 2022.
"After careful consideration of the facts and circumstances of the case, including the available admissible evidence, the procurator fiscal decided that there should be no proceedings taken at this time.
"The Crown reserves the right to proceed in the future if it is appropriate and in the public interest to do so."