Plains Game season opens on the 1st of March !
Be sure to contact us for your plains game orders. First Captures have already been sold out so make sure you get your orders in to avoid disappointment.
Contact Stephanie for prices on boma or a delivered quote on 0823396603.
NextWe are busy capturing Blesbok !


If you are looking for a program that will challenge and engage your young child … then nobody does it better. We understand the importance that both strong leadership and off the wall- entertainment go hand in hand at this age and we are the masters of it.
The importance of entering primary school with a confident mind and body cannot be under-stated. If children's gross motor skills are behind when they enter school, they will shy away from engaging in physical games and activities each lunchtime and they will fall further behind the pack. We prepare children in all facets of movement and physical intelligence … from ball skills to landings to swinging to rotating … But more than that, give them the confidence to trust and move their bodies and make it fun so that their first experience with sport carries with them into their primary and hight school adventures. We have three programs for this age group; The Playful tots, The All Round Development Program and the Levels Program. Clink on the link to find out more.


text:
Q: How to reorder rows using SQL (not swap) I need to reorder items in a table as showed in the following example:
Original:
Id    Pos (int)
---------
a     1
b     2
c     3
d     4
e     5

I need this result after moving d to the second row:
Id    Pos (int)
---------
a     1
b     3
c     4
d     2
e     5

As you can see, it is not a simple swap and I need to increase position by 1 after insert position, and leave the rows before insert the same. I tried to resolve it this way:
UPDATE [Table] SET Pos = 2 WHERE Id = 'd'

MERGE INTO [Table] T USING
(
    SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY Pos) AS Position, Id FROM [Table]
) S
ON T.Id = S.Id
WHEN MATCHED THEN UPDATE SET Pos = S.Position;

However after update two rows have the same position. It will probably not be sorted correctly.
You can generate the example data using the script below:
CREATE TABLE [Table] (
  Id char NOT NULL,
  Pos int NOT NULL,
  CONSTRAINT [PK_Table_Id] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ([Id])
)
GO
INSERT INTO [Table] (Id, Pos) VALUES ('a', 1),('b', 2),('c', 3),('d', 4),('e', 5)

A: DECLARE @id CHAR(1) = 'd';
DECLARE @newpos INT = 2;
DECLARE @oldpos INT;

BEGIN TRANSACTION
  SELECT @oldpos = Pos FROM Table WHERE id = @id;
  IF @newpos < @oldpos
    UPDATE #Table SET Pos = Pos + 1
     WHERE Pos >= @newpos AND Pos < @oldpos;
  ELSE
    UPDATE #Table SET Pos = Pos - 1
     WHERE Pos >= @newpos AND Pos > @oldpos;

  UPDATE #Table SET Pos = @newpos
   WHERE Id = @id;
COMMIT TRANSACTION

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


New Zealand has named its men's and women's hockey teams for the Beijing Olympics.
Ryan Archibald will captain the men's side and the women's team by Lizzy Igasan.
New Zealand men: David Kosoof (North Harbour), Blair Hopping (North Harbour), Ben Collier (North Harbour), Steve Edwards (North Harbour), Ryan Archibald (Auckland), Simon Child (Auckland), Dean Couzins (Auckland), Paul Woolford (Auckland), James Nation (Auckland), Gareth Brooks (Auckland ), Casey Henwood (Midlands) , Kyle Pontifex (Wellington) , Phillip Burrows (Wellington) , Shea McAleese (Central) , Bradley Shaw (Canterbury), Hayden Shaw (Canterbury).
New Zealand women: Jaimee Claxton (North Harbour), Lizzy Igasan(North Harbour), Krystal Forgesson (Auckland), Kim Noakes (Auckland), Gemma Flynn (Midlands), Kayla Sharland (Central), EmilyNaylor (Central), Caryn Paewai (Central), Tara Drysdale (Central),Anita Wawatai (Central), Beth Jurgeleit (Wellington), Niniwa Roberts (Wellington), Sheree Horvath (Wellington), Kate Saunders (Canterbury), Stacey Carr (Canterbury), Jo Galletly (Canterbury).


text:
Старі Айбе́сі (, ) — село у складі Алатирського району Чувашії, Росія. Адміністративний центр Староайбесинського сільського поселення.

Населення — 880 осіб (2010; 1061 у 2002).

Національний склад:
 чуваші — 98 %

Джерела

Примітки

Посилання
 На Вікімапії

Населені пункти Алатирського району
Села Чувашії

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Pediatricians Remove Info on Mask Risks, Dangers for Kids
Throughout 2020 and 2021, ever since the declared COVID-19 pandemic, government officials consistently have been inconsistent in their assessments and recommendations for public health. In August 2021, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) joined the ranks when they endorsed the CDC's recommendation for masking.1
Since they did not want to be seen holding inconsistent positions, they removed years of information from their website that explained the importance of facial cues to early brain and child development. The removal of the content culminated August 12, 2021, with the fourth in a series of tweets, in which they said:2
"Babies and young children study faces, so you may worry that having masked caregivers would harm children's language development. This concern is not supported by studies. Children will also use gestures and voice to indicate their feelings.
At the end of the tweet, they provided a link to an article on HealthyChildren.org3 that suggested "... when one sense is taken away, the others may be heightened." The series of tweets was aimed at masking in general, stating:4
Masks work to reduce the spread of COVID-19 among children
Masks are a vital part of keeping kids safe at school this fall
Masks do not compromise children's breathing
Being around adults wearing masks doesn't delay babies' speech or language development
Experts argue over the efficacy and necessity of masking a population that has minimal risk from the virus. You need look no further than the CDC's website,5 which shows that children ages birth to 17 had a death rate of 0.08% in 2021 and 0.05% in 2020. Yet, it was the final statement — that masking doesn't affect children's development — that unleashed a reaction on Twitter from parents, speech therapists and physicians who heartedly disagreed.
American Academy of Pediatrics Caught in a Quandary
To support the unsubstantiated long-term use of masks, the AAP turned their back on years of research and their own information on the importance of facial cues with infants to protect and promote brain growth and development.
The organization removed significant portions of their website regarding early childhood development to make it work. Reuters6 asked why the content was removed the weekend after the tweets were published. The content is currently being transferred to another platform, according to the spokesperson.
A spokesperson told Reuters, "The AAP can confirm that our web content migration has nothing to do with AAP's mask guidance."7 They assured Reuters the content would be republished, but were unsure about the timeline; they expect it to be complete by the end of the year.
In other words, this well-funded and organized group is coincidentally "migrating" one key section of web content that curiously contradicts their new mask guidance, and planned this so it would take months to complete.
According to Reuters,8 any links to this content that come up in the search engine are now redirected to the AAP's homepage. Not all of the content has been removed, as other organisations use AAP documents to help educate clients.
For example, the "Building 'Piece' of Mind" pdf that was pulled as a resource on the AAP website9 is available on the Ohio Bold Beginning! Site and brand with Ohio Chapter AAP.10 You can also download the full document from an Internet archive.11
The now "migrated" document encourages parents to pay attention to their emotional responses to their children, since "Feelings are a language that your infant understands early in life."12 Yet, without facial cues, it's challenging for adults, much less children, to read and understand emotional reactions. In the migrated document, the AAP says:
"As your baby grows, social smiles lead to conversations. For example: When you smile, your infant will smile back … This 'dance' between you and your baby is fun for both of you. It is a great way to encourage your baby's new skills as they appear. For this important dance to work, calmly and consistently meet your baby's needs … and smile!"
But how is that supposed to work if your baby is staring at you and other adults who have two-thirds of their faces covered with masks? How do babies know you're smiling if your entire face is covered up? In response to the AAP, Dr. James Todaro, who runs the website MedicineUncensored, tweeted:13
"AAP in 2018: 'How Do Infants Learn? Infants enjoy looking at you and hearing your voice. Facial expressions and faces are far more engaging than toys. Spend some time singing and laughing. Have fun with peek-aboo and touch, stroking, or touching.
AAP in 2021: 'Babies and young children study faces, so you may worry that having masked caregivers would harm children's language development. This concern is not supported by studies. Other clues that young children use include gestures, tone of voice and gestures.'"
Did Pfizer's Funding of the AAP Influence Their Mask Policy?
Shortly after the AAP took down their facial cue documents and posted their new masking recommendations for children, a retired chief of police questioned the AAP's motives — and in a telling opinion piece for Law Enforcement Today,14 he revealed that Pfizer is one of the AAP's largest funders.
Twitter users15 noticed it too, with several asking what would Pfizer's funding have to do with the AAP's mask recommendations. Finally, one person figured it out, saying, "perhaps the plan is to get parents so fed up with their children having to wear them they break down and get them the vax."
In fact, the AAP itself linked vaccination to mandatory mask-wearing quite clearly when they talked with NBC news,16 which reported: "The AAP said universal masking is necessary because much of the student population is not vaccinated, and it's hard for schools to determine who is as new variants emerge that might spread more easily among children."
When you consider that another COVID vaccine maker, Johnson & Johnson, is also a funder for the AAP — and that Dr. Anthony Fauci made the news September 9, 2021,17 saying that vaccines for children as young as 6 months may be ready as soon as November 2021 — the idea that the AAP would consider setting the stage for parents to come begging for a vaccine doesn't sound so off the wall.
Not Just Children Are Affected
An AAP staffer was quoted in Live From Studio 6B,18 saying, "AAP recommends masks in schools and public settings to protect children. These documents are more about interactions between infants and their parents or primary caregiver, much of which will be in a home setting where masks are usually not needed."
However, masking facial cues affects infants and young children in day care situations and when they are out of their home. This impacts "social referencing," which the AAP finds important to child development and refers to the ability to read the face of a stranger.19
Research20 shows mothers have unique central nervous system responses when they first see the face of their newborn. These findings show the importance of facial cues for bonding mother-baby. However, comments in a thread on Twitter pointed out that infants and kids aren't the only ones who lack facial cues. Twitter user MDaly is a mother and teacher, who commented:21
"I teach English to students who are not native English speakers. Last year, their ability to communicate in English was severely affected due to wearing masks. I had to ask students to repeatedly speak up and repeat themselves which negatively affects their self-esteem as well."
A letter to the editor in The BMJ22 expounds on the challenges faced by adults who are hearing impaired with mandatory masking. For those who have hearing loss, health care is difficult. This is especially true in emergency rooms where there is a high level of noise. Alexandra Dumitru is hearing impaired and commented:23
"Zero common sense. It's tragic what our health institutions have become. First the CDC, now this — even adults benefit from seeing a full face. For someone with hearing loss, masks were a major problem. Kids copy adults; they need to see mouths move."
Data Are Sparse for a Very Good Reason
The AAP stated that there were no studies to support the concern that baby's and young children's development would be impeded by the constant use of masks in the adults who care for them. Yet, as one person on Twitter said, "If you don't study something, you can say there are no studies."24
However, the data are sparse and there are no studies analyzing the effect of masking on young children because before 2020 it would never have passed an ethical review board. Imagine 40 children being gathered. Nearly 20 parents would have to wear masks every interaction with their children from birth. As a comparison group, the 20 remaining parents would wear masks when they had to interact with their children. This was a method that AAP used previously.
These children would be tested by psychiatrists and behavioral psychologists to determine if their brain development, language and recognition of facial cues is stunted after five years of abusive behaviour. And yet, the AAP would like us to believe that won't happen — without testing infant development in an environment known to be detrimental, we cannot extrapolate the information and understand it would be detrimental.
In 1990, the world discovered a carefully guarded secret of the Romanian Communist Party's leader, Nicolae Ceauşescu.25 After his execution the new government brought in Western psychologists and child specialists to help deal with the 170,000 children who were abandoned in orphanages where they received no interaction with adults.
Charles A. Nelson III, a professor of pediatrics and neuroscience at Harvard Medical School and Boston Children's Hospital, recounts his introduction to the environment these children lived in. He recalled:26
"I walked into an institution in Bucharest one afternoon, and there was a small child standing there sobbing. The child was distraught and wet his pants. I asked, 'What's going on with that child?' A worker said, 'Well, his mother abandoned him this morning and he's been like that all day.' That was it. Nobody comforted him or took him home. That was my introduction."
The children in the orphanages of Romania not only didn't have "face time" with their caregivers, but also didn't have any comfort or interaction. It's not hard to imagine how an infant, who relies on cues from other people to learn and grow, could be stunted by having little exposure to facial expressions.
The Still Face Experiment
The horrific environment these children and young adults lived in was the largest human experiment in which children did not receive interaction from other humans. This was until 2020-2021 when children and infants were being taught to ignore facial cues. In this short video, you'll see what happens during the "still face" experiment when the infant does not get a response from the mother.
It was demonstrated that infants can be affected by the emotions or non-emotional reactions of others. The COVID-19 pandemic has left infants and their children without visual facial cues. But, it is expected that the child will continue to have emotional interactions at the same level as before the mask mandates.
Studies have shown that children who are not emotionally available to their parents grow up with more difficulty trusting and managing their emotions.27 However, there has been no data before 2020 to determine if masking facial cues would cause children to grow up with the same issues.
Is it possible to recognize facial cues through masks?
After 2020, research has shown that adults and children struggle to identify emotion when masked. How this will affect overall child development and whether the children can "catch up" if mask mandates are ever removed, is yet to be determined.
For example, in one study28 published by the University of Wisconsin-Madison in December 2020, researchers engaged children ages 7 to 13 and showed them photos of people exhibiting six different emotions. The masks were not necessary, and the children correctly identified 66% of these emotions.29
However, when masks were in place, this dropped to between 18% and 28% for sadness, fear and anger. A second study30 in children ages 3 to 5 years demonstrated that the younger children had even more difficulty.
This was consistent with the past research that showed a face-mask could affect emotions comprehension. The mask had a greater effect on toddlers than it did for adults and older children.31
Similar studies have also been performed with adults. One study32 published in September 2020 with 41 healthy adults aged 18 to 87 years presented the participants with photos of six different expressions.
If the participants were not wearing masks for identification, their overall score was 89.5%. The performance of identifying emotions dropped by a significant amount when masks were used. A second study33 published in Scientific Reports in 2021, analyzed the effects of masking to measure emotion recognition and trust attribution in 122 adult men and women.
Standard masks were found to interfere with the two measures, making it difficult for researchers to locate individuals that they have already seen.
The data from 2020 has demonstrated that while masks are effective at masking emotions and slowing down virus spread, they may not be as efficient in slowing it. It is important to ask the question, "What will be the long-term effects on our emotional and psychological health as children are raised not having full access to facial cues?"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I had to go to Southwest Florida International Airport today to deal with a luggage issue.
I took the camera bag along to see what I could find around the airport to take pictures of. Well, no unusual airlines or aircraft today but, while I waited in the observation area near the General Aviation Terminal, I noticed a lot of other flight activity. I popped the 105mm f2.8 VR Micro-Nikkor on the D90 and used the SB-800 flash on-camera to shoot bugs while waiting for airplanes. There were several butterflies around feeding on the Asters and Spanish Needles so I got down low. Looking under the first Spanish Needle, I found this Midge.
and got an identification in 3 minutes! I'm not sure if that's a record but, it was unbelievably fast. For bug shooters it is an incredible resource. I also found a Dainty Sulphur feeding on an aster and a Jumping Spider. You can click on the images for larger versions.
As to the luggage issue, well, they said I'd hear something in a couple of weeks.
This entry was posted in Bug, Camera Gear, Spider, Wildflower and tagged Micro-Nikkor 105mm f2.8 VR, Nikon D90, Photography, SB-800. Bookmark the permalink.


Good luck on Saturday and have fun!
Good luck on Saturday! So excited for you and I hope you have the race of your dreams.
Good luck Teal, we will be watching and cheering for you!
Good luck! Your blog fans will be cheering you on!!
Go Teal! Can't wait to see how it goes for you, and I'll be following along and playing OT bingo from the Salty Running site.
Your blog has been inspirational and fun to read. I have been here only part of these miles, but since then have also started to log quite a lot more myself, and setting new objectives. Will be following tomorrow from a distance, with interest and support!
Most of all, enjoy it! And keep dreaming big!
Good Luck, Teal!!! I'll be cheering for you on Saturday :) :) Hope you have an amazing run!!!
BEST OF LUCK! Have a blast and enjoy every second of it! Can't wait to hear all about it!
From this slow 4:27 marathoner, best of luck, and run like the wind! I'll be cheering from home!


text:
package com.smartlogic.ses.client;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlAccessorType;
import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlRootElement;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.w3c.dom.Attr;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

@XmlRootElement(name = "noteType")
@XmlAccessorType(XmlAccessType.FIELD)
public class NoteType implements Serializable {
  protected final static Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(NoteType.class);
  private static final long serialVersionUID = -2448957173216646436L;

  // This is required by the XML Marshalling/Unmarshalling
  public NoteType() {
  }

  protected NoteType(Element element) {
    logger.debug("Constructor - entry");

    NodeList nodeList = element.getChildNodes();
    for (int n = 0; n < nodeList.getLength(); n++) {
      Node node = nodeList.item(n);
      if (node.getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
        logger.trace("Unrecognized child node: '" + element.getNodeName() + "'");
      } else if (node.getNodeType() == Node.TEXT_NODE) {
        this.setName(node.getNodeValue());
      }
    }

    NamedNodeMap namedNodeMap = element.getAttributes();
    if (namedNodeMap != null) {
      for (int a = 0; a < namedNodeMap.getLength(); a++) {
        Attr attributeNode = (Attr) namedNodeMap.item(a);
        if ("ID".equals(attributeNode.getName())) {
          setId(attributeNode.getValue());
        } else if ("NAME".equals(attributeNode.getName())) {
          setName(attributeNode.getValue());
        } else {
          logger.trace("Unrecognized attribute: '" + attributeNode.getName() + "'");
        }
      }

    }
    logger.debug("Constructor - exit");
  }

  private String id;

  public String getId() {
    return id;
  }

  public void setId(String id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  private String name;

  public String getName() {
    return name;
  }

  public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The world's biggest cryptocurrency bitcoin is currently trading at $3,494, which is about $7 higher than yesterday.
There has not been much movement in the crypto markets in the last 24 hours. Currently, around 58 of the 100 biggest cryptocurrencies show red numbers.
The market cap of all cryptocurrencies has also remained quite unchanged at around $114 billion.
The biggest cryptocurrencies show green numbers in the last 24 hours. Bitcoin cash (+2,31%), ethereum (+0,69%), eos (+0,48%), bitcoin (+0,27%) and xrp (+0,03%) all show gains.
The world's biggest cryptocurrency bitcoin is currently trading at $3,494, which is about $7 higher than yesterday.
The cryptocurrencies on top 100 that performed the best during the last 24 hours were nexo (+24,90%) and aurora (+14,72%), and the ones that performed the worst were odem (-9,78%) and pundi x (-7,80%).


N left at some ridiculously early hour this morning – something like 6am! – and when I asked him why he was leaving so early (I presumed coz of some stupid early meeting again), I thought he said "phone". But I was half asleep, and no doubt he was too, so I just left it at that cryptic response and went back to sleep.
I'm sick! Boohoo! I have no idea what I have or where I caught it. I woke up with a headache, how does that happen?! A headache and a sore throat. The headache got worse, and I ended up throwing up this afternoon. Isn't that fantastic. But I hadn't eaten much today, so not much came up at all, but still, never a good sign when things are coming back up. The headache subsided, but never truly went away.
I spent pretty much the entire day sleeping, so I didn't get to catch up and say goodbye to my Aussie friends, who were flying back to Sydney today. I hope they had a good time in Singapore.
After dinner, we caught the train to Orchard, and walked down from ION Orchard towards Dhoby Ghaut, stopping by for an ice cream SANDWICH along the way! People have been going on about this ice cream sandwich, and in the three years that we've lived here, I had yet to try it. And since they were game, I figured this was my chance to try it too 😊 We had the choice between a wafer thin biscuit or a slice of bread, and I chose the bread, since that's what people always go on about.
We went to the Night Safari today. It was a good night to go, actually: there weren't too many people there tonight; quite a few of the animals were up and about; and it was also a very pleasant balmy evening (probably why so many of the animals were up and about! 😊).
We skipped Ballroom practice this afternoon, though, because we knew we'd have a late night tonight. It's always tough balancing hanging out with friends while they're here and also continuing to do our usual stuff.
We met up with our Sydney friends for lunch at Lau Pa Sat, and then headed over to Gardens by the Bay (AGAIN! I've gone three times in as many weeks 😆). We didn't really finish going through the Flower Dome before we had to leave to go and watch the lion dance out by the Supertrees. We watched up close and personal today. Not sure if I liked being that close… I think I preferred being a little farther away so that I could appreciate the lion and not be able to see the guys operating underneath.
We were meeting up with other friends for dinner, so we let them return to the Flower Dome to finish it off, and then to also go through Cloud Forest.
After dinner, we then headed over to the Indoor Stadium to watch Russell Peters live! He was great: engaged with the audience and included a handful of audience members into his show. He was great fun. And even the opening act, Jake Johannsen, was awesome. My cheeks were sore at the end of the evening from all the laughing and smiling.
My friends from Sydney and I went to Singapore Zoo today. It's out in the sticks, but it is so totally worth the effort to go out there. The zoo is really well designed, with large enclosures for the animals, and lots of trees to help keep the place relatively cool for visitors. It's clean, and the animals and their homes are also in immaculate condition. We didn't get to visit all the animals today, but what we did see was very impressive.
We also decided to go to the River Safari next door. In contrast to the zoo, this place is very peaceful, with a boardwalk essentially lining the outskirts of the inlet. But the highlight of this place are the pandas! They are just the cutest! They have two giant black and white pandas named Kai Kai and Jia Jia, and these guys are totally worth a visit. There are other animals here, of course, but these giant pandas were definitely the highlight for me.
Jia Jia demolishing this piece of bamboo!
And then we finished the day joining N for dinner at Food Opera at ION Orchard, one of the food courts down on basement level 4 (yes, the malls have multiple basement levels, if you haven't had the pleasure of walking through the rabbit warrens of the Orchard Road malls 😂).
Kitty and I went to the vet again this morning. She's been eating quite a fair bit, more so than she used to, but when the vet weighed her today, she hasn't gained any weight, and hasn't gotten back any of the weight that she lost while we were away late last year. I hope there isn't something else wrong with her 😔 As per usual, we just have to keep monitoring her to see how she goes over the next few weeks. Poor little one.


As May comes to an end, so does the 68th annual Mental Health Month. Mental Health America initiated the first observance of May as Mental Health Month in 1949. According to the National Alliance on Mental Illness, 20 percent of adults in the U.S. will experience a mental health issue, like depression or anxiety, during their lifetime.
To assist those who suffer from mental health issues, WeCAN, a nonprofit social services organization, and ICA Food Shelf collaborated with Relate Counseling Center to offer free, walk-in counseling.
ICA Case Manager Jessie Billiet said this merger, which occurred more than a year ago, was initially funded through a grant from the Minnetonka Collaborative. She said there is a significant need for services for those with unresolved mental health issues.
Outpatient therapists from Relate assist the clients who approach them, Billiet said. There are no prior qualifications for the counseling, and ICA clients only need an appointment and a proof of address to access the food shelf. Clients who are homeless can show a form of ID to staff, she said.
One outpatient therapist comes to WeCAN weekly for about four hours, said Lisa Conway, Relate director of clinical services. At both ICA and WeCAN, the therapists give clients a brief consultation, which can lead to full length therapy sessions.
Aaron Rusnak, a Relate outpatient therapist for ICA, said therapy is helpful because it allows people to be vulnerable and to understand how to live life confidently.
Now, the counseling services are funded exclusively by Relate, Conway said. They are currently pursuing outside funding.
At ICA, he noted, clients do not have to fill out paperwork like they would at Relate. But, at both locations, therapists assess the client to determine how counseling should go.
There are several clients who come in to the food shelf weekly to work with a therapist, Billiet said.
Rusnak said the stigma surrounding mental health and counseling dissipates when people realize everyone is dealing with their own issues and working to regulate their emotions and life.
"When we can be vulnerable, there's a sense of connection," he said.
He also said the response from staff and volunteers has been overwhelmingly positive because, rather than having to refer a client to Relate, there are therapists available on location.
But Rusnak also said he wants ICA to train staff to notice mental health concerns in people. He said it is important to have this educational piece, as well as walk-in counseling, to ensure a comfortable environment for clients.


(ANSA) - Rome, October 28 - Pope Francis will issue an apostolic exhortation on the family based on the conclusions of the synod of bishops, Cardinal Pietro Parolin told ANSA on Wednesday. The closely watched synod on the family ended at the weekend with a slim majority approving communion for divorced and remarried Catholics, with bishops empowered to rule on a case-by-case basis.
However, the word 'communion' was missing from the final statement.
Both conservative and liberal Catholics have sought to portray the outcome of the synod as a victory for their positions.
Francis is set to issue a statement on the bishops' recommendations in the coming months.
"The iron will be struck while it's hot," the Vatican secretary of state added as to the timing of the exhortation.


My estrogen is raging....and so am I. I want to start a campaign to STAMP OUT FIBROIDS. What is the deal with them?
I'm 47...on the verge of perimenopause, and not liking it. My estrogen is at an all time high, and my fibroids are having a field day.
I had a doctor appointment yesterday at a local hospital with an UFE expert. Uterine Fibroid Embolization is the process. They cut off the blood supply to fibroids by injecting small synthetic pellets into the arteries that feed the uterus. Yikes! Who comes up with these things?
I went to explore at the suggestion of the new gynecologist I just switched to. Luckily the UFE guy did not try to do a hard sell. I think he could see I was not going to sign readily on the dotted line. He showed me my MRI films, and it was actually quite enlightening. I saw my uterus on a screen, in all it's fibroid glory. I thought I was looking at a road map with huge glaciers blocking the path. Amazing and alarming at the same time!
We discussed the process, which itself didn't sound like a huge big deal. It's not a major surgery, compared to a hysterectomy. But, it's the uncertain aftermath that concerned me the most. The doctor was quite honest....surprisingly...and refreshingly so...and said that my case wasn't going to be easy. I was likely looking at a year of pain/from the healing, fibroid and uterus shrinking, etc.
Since I'm not hugely symptomatic at this point, I'm not rushing into anything. I am slightly anemic (I take a liquid iron supplement) and have bouts of discomfort from them, but I've lived with them since my 20s. I had a myomectomy years ago (surgery to remove the fibroids) in order to make room for a baby, and it left me with scarring around one tube, and thus fertility challenged. The gynecologist never told me at the time that that could happen.
surgery is nothing to sneeze at. It can lead to immediate menopause, and I'm not 50 yet.
I cross my fingers I can make it until menopause, when the fibroids will start to shrink on their own. Until then, I'll take the supplements (not hormonal) suggested to me by my integrative doctor, and hope for the best.
Do you suffer from fibroids too?
As someone who has had a Uterine Arterial Embolization (aka UFE) for something other than fibroids (post-birth bleeding - it was that or an emergency hyst - at the time, the UAE was experimental for that situation, I was only the 5th person in my state to have it done) I will say do your homework thoroughly.
There are downsides to any procedure that will help the fibroids... but from what I know of fibroids from friends, there comes a point where the downsides of the surgeries are less impactful than the downsides of fibroids themselves.
I'm so sorry you are suffering with fibroids... it is amazing to me how such a pervasive issue still has so little focus or medical study.
I thank you for your thoughtful comments. I hope for the sake of all women that more research will be done in the fibroid treatment arena, but I guess given all the diseases that plague women, there's so much that requires medical attention, unfortunately.


text:
Heading South
West Coast Sailing
Sailing Under the Golden Gate Bridge, and Not Looking Back
By Whye Waite | October 26, 2020 | San Francisco Bay Area | 14
Most Bay Area sailors know the ins and outs of our local sailing grounds. And most of them have probably sailed under the Golden Gate Bridge — perhaps to the Farallones and back, or perhaps just for a look-see and a turnaround. Some, however, make that extra tack and keep going. One local sailor, who goes by the name Whye Wait, sent us this story about when he did just that, aboard his Catalina 470 No Plans.
What it Feels Like to Turn Left
Months, even years, of sailing didn't prepare me for this moment. I'm not sure I'm ready. Not sure the boat is ready. Are there things I've missed? Could I have done more? Should I have done more? Am I irresponsible? These questions are spinning in my head like a circus ferris wheel.
Turning left under the Golden Gate Bridge and sailing off into the sunset has been my dream for years. You've felt the pull, right? Tell me I'm not alone. I'm sure if you have saltwater in your veins, you can relate. You can see the freedom just sitting there, whispering in your ear, waiting for you to make the first move, yet you don't. I'm scared.
Sailing under the Golden Gate has been a goal for many San Francisco Bay sailors over the years, and it's now staring me square in the face. It's a rite of passage, a bucket-list milestone, a new lease on life, and I'm about to do it.
Not all who sail under the bridge are setting off on a circumnavigation, as Philippe Jamotte did recently, but the appeal to keep going is nonetheless very real.
© 2020 Latitude 38 Media LLC / John
Imagine being on a boat, looking up at the orange splendor of this fabled bridge, turning left, and not looking back, feeling the pull of the swirling currents taking you where they want, not where you want — the funneled blast of frigid Pacific wind numbing your ears.
Now imagine sailing your boat under this bridge. Yes, your very own, bought-it-yourself-with-hard-earned-money sailboat. Scary, right? These feelings are hard to describe, but I'll try.
I feel I'm in way over my head as my lovely, smiling bride glances at me for reassurance. Have we made the right decision?
I flash a smile of confidence. Yet inside, I'm twisted in a knot. Hearing the rumbling of cars overhead, I glance up. A tingling wave of accomplishment unties the twisted knot and sends peaceful goosebumps across my neck and down my arms. Tears of satisfaction fill my eyes then race down my cheeks to be cast into the sea by the gusting wind.
We all love this view! Sailing under the Golden Gate Bridge is a must. But why stop there?
© 2020 Monica Grant
I feel alive. The world lies at my feet, open, waiting for me to take the next step, the next breath. I feel free. Free to go faster, or slower, or turn the boat in lazy circles if I want.
I feel humble. How can I be so fortunate? How can I share this moment with my family and friends? These feelings fill me to the brim. If I speak, I'll turn into a puddle on the deck, so I don't say anything for fear of ruining the moment. I feel joy, and smile the biggest shit-eating grin. The world has just shown me one of its secrets.
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Latitude 38 Magazine
What? Another Golden Ticket Winner?
By Monica Grant | October 26, 2020 | San Francisco Bay Area | 0
Christopher Jette is the latest reader to discover a Golden Ticket in his Latitude 38 magazine. Christopher and his wife, Christine, are regular sailors on the Bay and enjoy offshore adventures whenever possible. Christopher learned to sail at the Milwaukee Yacht Club, where he raced Lasers, 470s and Lightnings. Later, while at college, he worked as a sailing instructor at Oshkosh Yacht Club.
Christopher takes up his story …
"We are the proud owners of a plastic classic, a 1977 Allied Wright Princess, Corinna. We got her in 2010 and have just returned to Coyote Point, eight years and eight days after leaving for the 2012 Baja Ha-Ha. We sailed slowly south in August 2012 and returned to the Bay in January 2013. After that our boat was in Alameda for a time, then Brisbane for the past several years.
The Jettes' 36-ft ketch Corinna sits pretty on her mooring off the Pebble Beach Golf Links.
© 2020 Christopher Jetta
"We get out on the Bay once a month for a long weekend and head down the coast to Santa Cruz, Pillar Point or Santa Barbara every year or so. Occasionally we charter, and have been to Brazil, the BVI (where we rode out a hurricane), Florida and Alaska. We were members of the William H. Seward Yacht Club when we lived in Alaska for two years. During this time we commuter-sailed our boat in San Francisco.
"Currently we are learning to sail with a toddler, baby Cai, adding a whole new level of skills to our sailing repertoire. My wife and I love to explore via our moveable adventure unit. I taught her to sail while I was in graduate school at UC Santa Barbara, so the Channel Islands occupy a special place for us. I'm looking forward to building a boat for and with the little one and hopefully sailing a Pacific Loop (or at least starting it) as a family in 2,201 days. So says the timer on my phone. [That would now be around 2,172 days.]
"As a composer I use data as the basis for compositions and am in the process of creating a system for translating the sailing journey into musical works."
Christopher's winning ticket was inside the September issue that he picked up at the Coyote Point Marina office. "A block of ice (yes, we have an icebox) and a Latitude, then off for a weekend of sailing."
Have you found a Golden Ticket? Let us know and we'll not only send you a Latitude 38 T-shirt or hat, we'll also make you famous.
Westwind Boat Detailing Offers Washing, Waxing & Varnishing
Serving the entire Bay Area for more than 30 years.
An America's Cup Course 'Correction'
By Mark Reid | October 26, 2020 | Auckland, New Zealand | 1
Just when you thought everyone was getting along just fine Down Under in New Zealand and everything was just peachy Kiwi keen comes word that either the challengers didn't read the fine print in the America's Cup Protocol Amendments, or Emirates Team New Zealand was trying to pull a fast one, or the Auckland harbormaster was trying to do the right thing in the wrong way.
What has become a huge controversy is that two of the five racecourses that were approved through Mutual Consent Provisions have been struck down by the America's Cup Arbitration Panel in a 2-1 ruling. Anyone hoping to watch the action close to shore, à la 'stadium sailing', is out of luck right now. The two fan-friendly courses were the ones that got the boot.
A graphic of the five proposed racecourse areas for the Prada Cup and America's Cup races. The fan-friendly Courses B and C have been eliminated by the Arbitration Panel — for now. Stay tuned.
© 2020 ETNZ / America's Cup Event
The Arbitration Panel published its decision in response to the application (protest) filed by the Luna Rossa Pirelli Team, the Challenger of Record (CoR). Luna Rossa garnered support from the other two Challengers by challenging the exclusion from the Prada Cup Round Robins and Semifinals of Courses B and C. These were the preferred close-to-shore courses for the Christmas Race, the Prada Cup Final and, ultimately, the America's Cup Presented by Prada, which begins on March 6, 2021.
The Arbitration Panel found that: "If any part of the course area of the Challenger Selection Series (CSS) and the America's Cup Match (e.g. Courses B and/or C) are not accessible with no restriction at any time in accordance with Art. 3.4 of the Protocol, then that part of the course area will be used neither for the CSS nor the Match."
The crux of the controversy was that the Challengers would not be able to compete on the courses that may be used on race days during the America's Cup finals, potentially giving the Kiwis a 'home court' advantage.
"Quite frankly we are outraged by this decision. It has gone against everything we have been trying to achieve over the last three years, with no consideration to the effect this has on the public of New Zealand and the city of Auckland," said CEO Grant Dalton. "ETNZ are now considering if there are any options that are available to remedy this unbelievable decision."
The Italians responded by stating that: "The attacks by ETNZ are intended solely at discrediting the Luna Rossa Prada Pirelli team with populist pretexts that tend to mask the attempt to gain an unfair advantage over the Challengers, who, we repeat, unanimously supported us as CoR by each lodging their own independent submissions."
Friendlier times for (left to right) Grant Dalton of ETNZ, the commodores of the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron and Il Circolo Vela Sicilia, and Patrizio Bertelli (Luna Rossa CoR), when the AC Protocol was released in 2018.
"This decision has considerable and negative repercussions to the accessibility of the event for the public of Auckland and New Zealand, the safety of the event, and the reliability of the racing," continued Dalton, "all of which are elements that have been fundamental to ETNZ since we won the America's Cup in 2017."
American Magic's spanking-new AC75 puts the pedal down: Patriot training in and around the disputed racecourse areas off downtown Auckland.
© 2020 Will Rickertson / American Magic
"The images with Auckland City as a backdrop during racing have always been a critical part of showcasing New Zealand to the world in an event with a significant global audience, and another reason for the original racecourse designs," added Dalton.
New Zealand is hoping to promote their vibrant new Wynyard Quarter in downtown Auckland to a worldwide audience next year during the 36th America's Cup. The teams are based there.
© 2020 Jeff Brass / New Zealand Tourism
"We are disappointed to acknowledge ETNZ's press release," stated the CoR in a press release. "We would therefore like to point out some of the key elements that explain why the Arbitration Panel made the decision to exclude racecourses B and C from the 36th America's Cup.
"In early September, we discovered, without having been previously involved nor informed by the Defender, that the Round Robins and the Semi-Finals of the Challengers Selection Series — the Prada Cup — could not be sailed on Courses B and C, designated as preferred courses for the Final Match. A situation that the Defender (ETNZ) had kept hidden since the end of January/beginning of February."
The Arbitration Panel also stated that this decision does not prevent the CoR and the Defender from making further approaches to the harbormaster and/or any other competent authority in order to attempt to change the current restrictions or look for a different solution by an agreement among all the competitors.
Ugh! Remember those ABCs, boys and girls, because this isn't over by any stretch of the imagination — but then it wouldn't be the America's Cup if there weren't some controversy spilling over somewhere.
We Missed the 2020 Pacific Cup but Look Forward to Transpac 2021
By John Arndt | October 26, 2020 | Pacific Ocean | 0
We're looking forward to the 2021 racing season and events like the upcoming Transpac. While searching our website for some bits of West Coast-to-Hawaii sailing history, we came across a photo Rob Moore used to remind racers that, whether racing upwind or down, it's wise to keep weight out of the ends of the boat.
They say, "You can't take it with you," but that doesn't stop people from trying.
© 2020 Latitude 38 Media LLC / Rob
Rob caught this shot of Chalmers Ingersoll's San Francisco-based Tayana 37 Gaia as she was leaving the Bay at the start of the 2002 Pacific Cup. He also noted the difference between the SoCal Transpac and the San Francisco Pacific Cup, which promotes itself as the "Fun Race to Hawaii," meaning a little dialed-back from the grand prix level of the Transpac. Rob thought this shot was evidence the Pacific Cup message had succeeded.
More emerged from the history pages when we came across the 2008 Pacific Cup overall winner, a Cascade 36, Rain Drop, sailed by Joby Easton and Bill Huseby. She too was an older classic, but, judging by this shot, was a little more careful about sailing with weight in the ends.
The Cascade 36 Rain Drop showed why sailing to Hawaii is fun no matter how you go.
With history behind us and 2021 ahead, we're really looking forward to getting a new year and racing season underway. The first Transpac start is planned for July 13. Forty entries are already signed up, and the first seminar was held this past weekend.
Even though you want to keep weight out of the ends, there are times when you want to move your weight aft. This is Frank Slootman's Pac 52 Invisible Hand, with crew weight aft, surfing into class and overall victory in 2017.
© 2020 Sharon Green
Go racing, do the Transpac, and show a few people your stern in 2021.
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'Lectronic Latitude: Friday, Oct 23
Rare Fogbow Lands on Marin
Al Fricke was sailing aboard his Catalina 36 Jubilee when he snapped these great photos of a 'fogbow'.
A Two-Boat Anchoring Trick
Socially Distanced Buddyboating in the Delta
We've been enjoying our Delta cruise so far along with our friends buddyboating on Twelve Winded Sky. We're currently in Walnut Grove.
Visit Mike's Consignment Marine Supply in Ventura
We will display your item(s) in our store and on our website and eliminate the need for you to meet strangers at your home or place of work.
Find your dream boat
Sweet-Looking Sailboat Priced Right
The owner of this sweet-looking 1974 Cal 3-30 posted it on our website on 9/14. They called to say it was sold on 10/9. Yikes!
The Working Waterfront
The Debate Over Sausalito's Marinship Is Not Over, Part 2
The Marinship generates the lion's share of the city's tax revenues. But the mile-long waterfront is also sinking into a rising sea and in need of massive infrastructure upgrades, the exact costs of which aren't known by city officials.
More 'Lectronics »


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Nolte: Poynter, BBC Break Ranks to Blast Jim Acosta's Unprofessionalism
AP Photo/Evan Vucci
Columnists at two establishment media outlets, Poynter and the BBC, have broken ranks to criticize CNN's Jim Acosta's unprofessional grandstanding.
The White House pulled Acosta's press pass this week after the left-wing anchor made a spectacle of himself at President Trump's Wednesday afternoon press conference. To open the event, the president spoke about his desire to work with Democrats and to cool the campaign rhetoric.
Acosta, however, only wanted to keep things ugly.
Early in the presser, Trump called on Acosta. Rather than ask a question, though, Acosta chastised the president. The migrant caravan is "not an invasion," he lectured.
"They're hundreds and hundreds of miles away, they're not an invasion," he said in a forum where the media is supposed to ask the president questions, not make speeches.
Still, Trump responded; and Acosta argued with him again. Trump responded again; Acosta kept arguing.
By all modern norms, this should have been the end of it. One question, one follow-up, and then you step aside to give your colleagues the opportunity to ask a question.
But Acosta wanted a third question and then a fourth. He wanted to shame, lecture, and debate the president.
Things got especially ugly when Acosta got physical with a much smaller, female intern who was just doing her job. Asked by her boss, no less than the president of the United States, to give the microphone to another reporter, assuming he would, she reached for it, and Acosta responded by twice whacking her arm. He probably would have continued hitting her had she not given up.
To make matters worse, CNN and Acosta then proceeded to not only lie about Acosta not touching the intern, the far-left network falsely claimed the White House had "doctored" video it released that conclusively proved Acosta had gotten physical with the young woman.
And so, Acosta loss his press pass and despite his objectively unprofessional behavior and physical aggressiveness, the establishment media rallied around Acosta — even though he eats up their time to question the president, even though he makes them all look bad as he forces them to huddle together like a demented cult and defend the indefensible.
Two members of the establishment media, though, do deserve credit for breaking ranks, beginning with the BBC's Emily Maitlis, who took Acosta to task for his appalling behavior.
Even the title of her piece — "The Acosta affair: An unpopular opinion" — acknowledges that calling Acosta out is the "unpopular" thing to do in the media cult; and while she does not defend the White House revoking Acosta's press pass, she tells a truth all the media should be telling about this rude, unprofessional heckler:
Jim Acosta was called on by the president to ask a question.
I'll say that again. He was called on by Donald Trump to ask whatever question he liked. And when he'd finished asking one, he then asked another – with interruption follow-ups in between.
It was only when he attempted his third question – or possibly fourth depending on how you define the follow-ups – that the president got angry and asked him to sit down.
What happened in that room was not the ultimate fight for press freedom. This wasn't someone risking life and limb against a regime where freedom of speech is forbidden. This was a bloke sitting in a room full of colleagues who were all trying to ask questions too.
This was a man who'd had his turn and had been told he couldn't hog the whole time.
The president took CNN's question and then took more. And when he tried to move on, he couldn't. Once the Acosta incident was over, he went on to take questions from journalists from all over the world – for a total of 90 minutes.
Over at Poynter, Al Tompkins and Kelly McBride saw it pretty much the same way as they bored down on the fact that Acosta was not asking questions, he was making partisan, political statements:
Jim Acosta's encounter Wednesday at a White House press conference was less about asking questions and more about making statements. In doing so, the CNN White House reporter gave President Donald Trump room to critique Acosta's professionalism.
Acosta asked the president if Trump had demonized the caravan of Central Americans trekking toward the United States, ending his exchange by stating, "It is not an invasion."
If Acosta had asked "What about that seems like an invasion?" he could have both sought an answer and avoided becoming bigger than the event he was covering.
If you look closely at the video, when Acosta was asking questions, his exchange with the president was on track and normal. Acosta asked. "Do you think that you demonize immigrants?" To which the president answered, "No." A better question might have been, "How do you respond to the criticism that you are demonizing certain types of immigrants, namely poor immigrants?"
But then Acosta's questions ended and his statements began.
"Your campaign had an ad showing migrants climbing over walls," he said. And then, "They are hundreds of miles away, that's not an invasion." The heated exchange grew from there.
A briefing is not the same as a cable news wrestling match, where sides shout at each other.
Acosta should have handed over the microphone.
What Acosta needs, for his own good and the good of the White House Press Corps, is the equivalent of a metaphorical blanket party. In the military, a screw-up making like hard for the rest of the platoon, gets covered in a blanket and roughed up. This is how a platoon disciplines itself.
I am certainly not arguing for anyone to get physical with Acosta, but the concept still applies. If there are any adults left in the press corps (a dubious prospect), they need to take Acosta aside and tell him to knock it off. This can be done privately while still showing public solidarity. But if they care anything at all about their credibility with the public, that is what needs to be done.
Follow John Nolte on Twitter @NolteNC. Follow his Facebook Page here.
London / EuropeMediaPoliticsBBCCNNDonald TrumpEmily MaitlisJim AcostaJohn NolteMedia BiasPoynter Institutepress conferenceWhite House Press Corps


I tore through the beginning of this book, and would have continued to finish it in no time had the Olympics not intervened and drawn my attention.
It was a very good "locked room" mystery. It was well-written and quick-moving, with little unneeded embellishment or back-story. Sometimes it's refreshing to read a story that is simple the event and the fall-out, nothing before or after. Not everything in the world needs to be a continuing series.
I'd definitely recommend this book to anyone who likes cozy mysteries. There was no sense of terror or impending doom, and it was a light gentle, easy read.


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When Big Brother took charge of Orwell's Farm
Orwell Subverted
There was always something about communism after 1941 that touched a raw, hysterical nerve in the American constitution, whether formal or emotional. There has also long been an impressive quantity of serious American research into the manifestations of this, whether the history of McCarthyism in the capable hands of Victor Navasky, or the far more shadowy histories of cultural propaganda and "covert operations", led by Christopher Lasch and Noam Chomsky.
Daniel Leab's book is a contribution to this latter line of inquiry, pausing somewhere on the path that led, once the Marshall Plan began to pour its limitless dollars into Europe in 1947, from the CIA to the Congress for Cultural Freedom and the European Co-operation Administration, which commissioned, in its impossibly elusive way, the film of Animal Farm .
Naturally, George Orwell's classic fable was to be adjusted - it didn't take much - to show the Stalinist pigs as being as hateful and monstrous as the old tyrant was, and the portrayal of Trotsky (Snowball in the story) was slanted away from that of fluent and attractive demagogue towards officious and ruthless organiser.
One's sympathies go out to Leab when he has to describe the origins of the decision to pay for the film. He has been unable to see far into the CIA's "impenetrable files"; he discovers a small cast of officials in the junior unit, the Office of Policy Co-ordination (these bland, blank mirror-names merit critical study in themselves), who seemed to be those with money and executive powers. He gives us brief biographies of those who then took up the enterprise and made the film: the producer, the animators (an English beauty called Joy Batchelor and a handsome Jewish Hungarian called John Halas), and Orwell's widow, Sonia, who in a very thin chapter has to be abandoned without a role in the narrative.
Leab is best on the small details of the five revisions of the script that, in a repellent though doubtless authentic CIA solecism, "psywar" principles required. All this really meant was that Orwell's dedication to democratic socialism was suppressed and the vilification of all things communist stepped up high. If, in the earlier script, Snowball seemed brave and intelligent, by the final one he had to be impractical and fanatical. Orwell's grim vision at the very end of pigs and men as indistinguishable was radically muted, and the farm fence turned into a metaphor for the Iron Curtain, with tyranny on that side and good guys (whether animal or human) on this.
At this distance from the release of the film, endlessly delayed until late December 1954, one is less struck by the surely not-very-important struggles over the shades of meaning. All adaptations violate aspects of the original; the film is a triumph of propaganda art, the line of its drawings bold and beautiful, those animals on the right side of endearing but never cute, and its villains entirely fearsome, its anti-tyrannical message rousing and unmistakable to the countless schoolchildren (as Leab gratifyingly reports) who watch it as part - probably the most memorable part - of their curricular study.
At a time when the CIA has become a byword for incompetence and stupidity, this book bears decidedly compelling witness to its once judicious absorption of George Kennan's policy towards the Soviet Union of "containment", and the impressiveness with which it planned a short propaganda cartoon to help, however slightly, that sensible policy along.
It's a worthy enough little book, if a bit disfigured by cliche and clunking prose, as well as by some rather blurred narrative - not only about the CIA, which lives in and behind a blur, but also as to the relevance of some of the more transient characters on the fringes of the tale.
Yet it remains a tale worth the telling, not least for its excellent and copious notes. It might presage a useful genre in mythopeia. Richard Howells' bigger-visioned, better written The Myth of the Titanic might, one imagines, be joined to Leab's monograph in a little series that would include, say, studies of Colonel Blimp (and Churchill's attitude to it), The Magnificent Seven (and the war in Vietnam), and Brassed Off (and the still unwritten history of the 1984-85 miners' strike).
Such essays would have more grip than the heavy-duty theory in old numbers of Screen .
Fred Inglis is emeritus professor of cultural studies at Sheffield University.
Orwell Subverted: The CIA and the Filming of Animal Farm
Author - Daniel J. Leab
Publisher - Penn State Press
Price - £36.50
ISBN - 98701029786
British professor quits as external examiner over passport check
UCL academic 'staggered by the levels of mistrust' shown as institutions 'over-comply' with Home Office policy
Inventing Tomorrow: H.G. Wells and the Twentieth Century, by Sarah Cole
Charlotte Jones enjoys an account of a hugely ambitious writer who challenges many of our assumptions about studying literature
By Charlotte Jones
Filmed Thought: Cinema as Reflective Form, by Robert B. Pippin
Lucy Bolton enjoys a sharp new analysis of getting philosophical about the cinema
By Lucy Bolton
The New Slave Narrative: The Battle over Representations of Contemporary Slavery, by Laura T. Murphy
Bryan Cheyette considers an intriguing account of the stories we tell ourselves about slavery
By Bryan Cheyette
Cranfield University Research Ethics Committee
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D&D Player's Handbook 4th Ed.
The Dungeons & Dragons Roleplaying Game has defined the medieval fantasy genre and the tabletop RPG industry for more than 30 years. In the D&D game, players create characters that band together to explore dungeons, slay monsters, and find treasure. The 4th Edition D&D rules offer the best possible play experience by presenting exciting character options, an elegant and robust rules system, and handy storytelling tools for the Dungeon Master. The Player�s Handbook presents the official Dungeons & Dragons Roleplaying Game rules as well as everything a player needs to create D&D characters worthy of song and legend: new character races, base classes, paragon paths, epic destinies, powers, magic items, weapons, armor, and much more. 320 page hardcover. Regular price $34.95.
The Dungeon Master�s Guide gives the Dungeon Master helpful tools to build exciting encounters, adventures, and campaigns for the 4th Edition Dungeons & Dragons Roleplaying Game, as well as advice for running great game sessions, ready-to-use traps and non-player characters, and more. In addition, it presents a fully detailed town that can serve as a starting point for any D&D game. Regular price $34.95.
The Monster Manual presents more than 300 official Dungeons & Dragons Roleplaying Game monsters for all levels of play, from aboleth to zombie. Each monster is illustrated and comes with complete game statistics and tips for the Dungeon Master on how best to use the monster in D&D encounters. Regular price $34.95.
This gift set features a handsome slipcase containing all three of the hardcover 4th Edition D&D Roleplaying Game core rulebooks: the Player�s Handbook rulebook (320 pages), the Monster Manual rulebook (288 pages), and the Dungeon Master�s Guide rulebook (224 pages). Regular price $104.95.
This roleplaying game accessory includes a complete set of official dice for your Dungeons & Dragons game. Use these dice to help decide your fate as you battle fearsome monsters, explore ancient dungeons, and claim magnificent treasure. This product contains a Dungeons & Dragons dice bag and a complete set of dice for use in the Dungeons & Dragons Roleplaying Game: one 4-sided die, four 6-sided dice, one 8-sided die, one 10-sided die, one percentile die, one 12-sided die, and one 20-sided die. Regular price $12.95.
Encased in a handy pocket folder, these official Dungeons & Dragons character sheets contain all the information players need to build, run, and track their 4th Edition D&D Roleplaying Game characters. Each character sheet is designed for optimal playability. In addition, these character sheets support characters of all classes and levels. Regular price $9.95.
This four-panel cardstock screen features new full-color artwork and allows Dungeon Masters to keep their campaign notes and die rolls private, without blocking their view of the game table. Easy-to-reference rules and tables appear on the inside panels of the screen; these are designed for the Dungeon Master�s eyes only and comply with the rules in the 4th Edition Dungeons & Dragons Roleplaying Game core rulebooks. Regular price $9.95.
An introductory 4th Edition D&D adventure for characters of levels 1-3. The town of Winterhaven stands watch over a ruined keep that was once a bastion of good in the realm. This keep overlooks the Shadow Rift, a dark scar in the world that was once a gateway to the Shadowfell but has been dormant for many years. Now, an evil cleric of Orcus, Demon Lord of the Undead, seeks to re-open the gate, and the only thing standing in his way is a small yet determined band of heroes. Keep on the Shadowfell is an exciting Dungeons & Dragons adventure designed for characters of levels 1�3. It includes three double-sided poster maps suitable for use with D&D Miniatures. Regular price $29.95.
A 4th Edition D&D adventure for characters of levels 4�6. Beneath Thunderspire Mountain lies a sprawling network of mazes, tombs, and caverns collectively known as the Labyrinth. In recent years, this vast labyrinth has become a living dungeon where trade between the surface and subterranean worlds is possible. However, beyond the well-lit halls where prospectors, merchants, and traders convene lies a darker world where adventurers battle monsters and fiendish beings perform secret rituals for their dark masters.... H2 Thunderspire Labyrinth is a D&D adventure designed for heroic-tier characters of levels 4�6. It can be played as a standalone adventure or as the second part of a three-part series. This product includes an adventure booklet for the Dungeon Master, a campaign guide with player handouts, and a full-color poster map, all contained in a handy folder. H2 Thunderspire Labyrinth is the second adventure in a three-part series that began with H1 Keep on the Shadowfell and concludes with H3 Pyramid of Shadows. It can also be played as a stand-alone adventure. Regular price $24.95.
A 4th Edition D&D adventure for characters of levels 7�10. The ancient trees of the Shadowsong Forest have borne witness to the passing of epochs, and hidden beneath their dark canopies are the remains of empires long departed. Few souls brave enough to explore the primeval forest ever return, for countless horrors haunt the crumbled ruins. When a band of evil criminals seeks refuge within the darkest reaches of the forest, brave adventurers are needed to root them out. The trail leads to the heart of the woods, wherein looms the greatest secret of all � the Pyramid of Shadows. H3 Pyramid of Shadows is a D&D adventure designed for heroic tier characters of levels 7�10. It can be played as a stand-alone adventure or as the final part of a three-part series. This product includes an adventure booklet for the Dungeon Master, a campaign guide with player handouts, and a full-color poster map, all contained in a handy folder. H3 Pyramid of Shadows is the third adventure in a three-part series that began with H1 Keep on the Shadowfell and H2 Thunderspire Labyrinth. It can also be played as a stand-alone adventure. Regular price $24.95.
Hundreds of new weapons, tools, and magic items for your D&D character. This supplement for the Dungeons & Dragons game presents nearly a thousand magic items, weapons, tools, and other useful items for your D&D character. Whether you�re a player looking for a new piece of equipment or a Dungeon Master stocking a dragon�s hoard, this book has exactly what you need. The book features a mix of classic items updated to the 4th Edition rules and brand-new items never before seen in D&D. Regular price $29.95.
Dark perils and great deeds await! Welcome to Faer�n, a land of amazing magic, terrifying monsters, ancient ruins, and hidden wonders. The world has changed since the Spellplague, and from this arcane crucible have emerged shining kingdoms, tyrannical empires, mighty heroes, and monster-infested dungeons. The Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide presents a world of untold adventure, a land of a thousand stories shaped by the deeds of adventurers the likes of which Faer�n has never seen before. This product includes everything a Dungeon Master needs to run a D&D campaign in the Forgotten Realms setting, as well as elements that DMs can incorporate into their own D&D campaigns. The book provides background information on the lands of Faer�n, a fully detailed town in which to start a campaign, adventure seeds, new monsters, ready-to-play nonplayer characters, and a full-color poster map of Faer�n. Regular price $39.95.
The complete guide for building Forgotten Realms characters! Welcome to Faer�n, a land of amazing magic, terrifying monsters, ancient ruins, and hidden wonders. The world has changed since the Spellplague, and from this arcane crucible have emerged shining kingdoms, tyrannical empires, mighty heroes, and monster-infested dungeons. The Forgotten Realms Player�s Guide presents this changed world from the point of view of the adventurers exploring it. This product includes everything a player needs to create his character for a D&D campaign in the Forgotten Realms setting, including new feats, new character powers, new paragon paths and epic destinies, and even a brand-new character class never before seen in D&D: the swordmage! Regular price $29.95.
A Forgotten Realms adventure for 2nd-level characters. A mysterious presence has taken up residence in one of the towers of Spellgard, and now its dark minions plague the Gray Vale! Scepter Tower of Spellgard is the first full-length Forgotten Realms adventure published for 4th Edition D&D. When paired with the adventure that appears in the Forgotten Realms Campaign Guide, this adventure provides the Dungeon Master with all he needs to get his campaign started. This stand-alone adventure is designed to take characters from 2nd level to 5th level. Regular price $24.95.


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Yes to Votes@16
LOCKDOWN: Going back to school!
#PeriodPovertySirGâr
UKYP
Rights Ambassadors
Having A Voice
Participation Standards
Day of Action
Nov 17, 2017 | 0
Alisha, 17 from Tycroes is our elected member of the UK Youth Parliament for 2017/18. Alisha led on the 2017 'Make Your Mark' Ballot in Carmarthenshire, which is the largest youth consultation across the UK with 954,766 young people taking part. Alisha and her team encouraged 4,635 young people aged 11-18 years across Carmarthenshire to get involved and vote on the important issue that impact their lives.
The Make Your Mark Ballot Results (page 30-31) were revealed in October and the results for Carmarthenshire were:
Make Your Mark Results Report (2017)Download
Top 5 results for Carmarthenshire:
727 votes – A Curriculum to prepare us for life
661 votes – Work Experience hubs for 11-18 year olds
605 votes – Protect LGBT+ People
531 votes – Votes at 16
496 votes – First Aid Education for All Young People
Alisha joined members of the UKYP in the House of Commons on Friday 17th November to debate and decide on the most important issue to campaign on for 2018. Alisha was amongst 24 members representing Wales at the event
The 2 National Campaigns for 2017/18 voted on by the UKYP Members at the House of Commons Debate in November were A Curriculum to prepare us for life, and Votes at 16
On behalf of the Youth Council and the UKYP Alisha has thanked all young people in Carmarthenshire that facilitated and took part in the Make Youth Mark Ballot this year, the largest number of young people to vote in Make Your Mark since it began in 2011
Alisha said that "being a member of the UKYP has been the most amazing thing that has happened to me as a young person. It hasn't only given me confidence and strength, but opportunities to meet people from all over the UK and hear their opinions that mean most to them. Votes at 16 campaign is a very special topic for many young people, as it gives us the voice and chance to help shape decisions that affect us most. It will ensure younger people are becoming politically active, and ensure they're aware of the changing world and the decisions that can affect them."
She also added "A Curriculum for life is also a very important campaign as we, the younger generation need a curriculum that will prepare us for the busy world ahead of us. I'm very excited to be a part of, and see the work we have ahead of us, ensuring that we continue to provide the younger generation with a true voice."
Friday 26th January, saw Alisha and members of the UKYP Official Launch the National Campaigns as part of the National Day of Action. We, led by Alisha will be developing projects and initiatives to find out more about young people's views and opinions on the two national issues. Such as School Council Debates, Consultation opportunities, raising awareness via social media and working with Senior Managers in Education about the Curriculum Reform taking place in Wales.
PreviousCOMMUNITY CHAMPION
NextYOUNG VOLUNTEER OF THE YEAR
UKYP 2018/19
Make Your Mark 2020
UKYP 2019 AMBER ON HER WAY TO LONDON
Gwen at the UK Youth Parliament 2016
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SA31 3HB
© Youth Sirgar 2022


In Halo Electronics, Inc. v. Pulse Electronics, Inc., 579 U.S. — (2016), the Supreme Court rejected the Federal Circuit's two-step Seagate test for the award of enhanced damages under 35 USC 284, holding that the aware of enhanced damages was within the discretion of the trial court, subject to review for abuse of that discretion.
The award of enhanced damages under Section 284 has had ups and downs under the Federal Circuit's supervision. Shortly after the Federal Circuit was created, in Underwater Devices, the Federal Circuit announced an "affirmative duty to exercise due care." Three years later in Kloster Speedsteel, the Federal Circuit created an adverse inference from not introducing an opinion of counsel to demonstrate a lack of willfulness. This adverse inference persisted until 2004, when the Federal Circuit recognized the gamesmanship surrounding opinions of counsel, and eliminated the adverse inference in Knorr-Bremse. Then in 2007 the Federal Circuit raised the bar higher in Seagate establishing a two part, objective/subjective test.
Under Seagate, a patent owner must first show by clear and convincing evidence that the infringer acted despite an objectively high likelihood that its actions constituted infringement of a valid patent. Second, the patentee must demonstrate, again by clear and convincing evidence, that the risk of infringement was either known or so obvious that it should have been known to the accused infringer. The Supreme Court said that this test is not consistent with 35 USC 284.
§284 provides simply that "the court may increase the damages up to three times the amount found or assessed." The Supreme Court noted that the statute contains no explicit limit or condition, and that the word "may" clearly connotes discretion. However discretion is not without limits: a motion to a court's discretion is a motion, not to its inclination, but to its judgment; and its judgment is to be guided by sound legal principles.
The sort of conduct warranting enhanced damages has been variously described in our cases as willful, wanton, malicious, bad-faith, deliberate, consciously wrongful, flagrant, or—indeed—characteristic of a pirate.
Under that standard, someone who plunders a patent—in- fringing it without any reason to suppose his conduct is arguably defensible—can nevertheless escape any come- uppance under §284 solely on the strength of his attorney's ingenuity.
The Supreme Court said that culpability is generally measured against the knowledge of the actor at the time of the challenged conduct. The Court found no reason to look to facts that the defendant neither knew nor had reason to know at the time he acted. The Court said that Section 284 allows district courts to punish the full range of culpable behavior, although nothing says they must do so. As with any exercise of discretion, courts should continue to take into account the particular circumstances of each case in deciding whether to award damages, and in what amount. Consistent with nearly two centuries of enhanced damages under patent law, however, such punishment should generally be reserved for egregious cases typified by willful misconduct.
This entry was posted in Patent Law by bwheelock. Bookmark the permalink.


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Este artigo considera apenas curvas no espaço euclidiano. A maioria do conhecimento aqui apresentadas possui análogos para curvas em variedades Riemanniana e pseudo-Riemanniana . Para uma discussão sobre curvas em um espaço topológico arbitrário, consulte o artigo principal sobre curvas .

Geometria diferencial de curvas é o campo da geometria que trabalha com curvas suaves no plano e no espaço euclidiano através de métodos de cálculo diferencial e integral.

Numerosas curvas específicas foram estudadas rigorosamente usando a abordagem sintética . A geometria diferencial toma outro rumo: as curvas são retratadas em uma forma parametrizada e suas propriedades geométricas e várias quantidades associadas a elas, como a curvatura e o comprimento do arco, são representadas através de derivadas e integrais usando cálculo vetorial . Uma das ferramentas de maior relevância utilizadas para analisar uma curva é o quadro Frenet, sendo esse um quadro em movimento que fornece um sistema de coordenadas em que cada ponto da curva é "ajustado" à ela próximo a esse ponto.

A teoria das curvas é muito mais simples e mais restrita em propósito do que a teoria das superfícies e suas generalizações de dimensões mais altas porque uma curva regular em um espaço euclidiano não tem geometria intrínseca. Qualquer curva regular pode ser parametrizada pelo comprimento do arco ( parametrização natural ). Pela visão de uma partícula de ponto teórico na curva que não tem conhecimento sobre o espaço ambiente, todas as curvas se assemelhariam. Diferentes curvas espaciais são particularizadas só pela forma como elas se dobram e torcem. Quantitativamente, isso é avaliado pelos constantes diferencial-geométricos chamados de curvatura e torção de uma curva. O teorema fundamental das curvas afirma que o conhecimento dessas constantes define a curva ao todo.

Definições
Sabendo que (i)  , (ii)  e (iii)   é um intervalo não vazio de números reais. Temos assim, uma função com valor vetorial

E então, analisando algumas características da classe  (ou seja, as funções de segmentos de  que são -vezes diferenciáveis) que também é conhecida como parâmetro da curva- ou uma parametrização-. É possível perceber que  é denominado de imagem da curva paramétrica. Tendo em vista isso, é relevante diferenciar uma curva paramétrica  de sua imagem  pois um certo subconjunto de  é capaz de ser a imagem de várias curvas paramétricas diferentes. Nesse caso, o parâmetro  no  é capaz de ser supostamente caracterizado como o tempo e  a trajetória de uma partícula em movimento no espaço. Quando declaramos que  é um intervalo fechado ,  é nomeado de ponto de partida e  é o ponto final de  . E sendo assim, se os pontos inicial e final são os mesmos, ou seja, , consequentemente denominamos que  é fechado ou em loop. Além do mais, por fim, podemos citar que  é conhecido de paramétrico fechado da curva-se e somente se  para todo  .

Caso  seja injetável, como resultado temos que  é s.

Uma vez que cada função componente de  pode ser representado como uma série de potências, então  é analítico (resumindo, de classe  ).

E assim,  é detalhado para a curva paramétrica que é atravessada na direção oposta à de  .

Como também, é possível dizer que  é regular de ordem  (sendo  ) se e somente se possuir  ,

o subconjunto descrito acima é linearmente independente de  .

Podemos observar particularmente que em um  paramétrico -a curva  é  se e somente se  para qualquer  .

Re-parametrização e relação de equivalência
Apresentada a imagem de uma curva paramétrica, possuem várias parametrizações diferentes para esta curva. A geometria diferencial tem como finalidade representar as propriedades das curvas paramétricas invariantes sob determinadas re-parametrizações. Sendo assim, deve ser estabelecida uma relação de equivalência adequada no conjunto de todas as curvas paramétricas. As propriedades geométricas diferenciais de uma curva paramétrica (por exemplo, seu comprimento, sua estrutura Frenet e sua curvatura generalizada) são invariantes sob a parametrização e, consequentemente, propriedades da própria classe de equivalência . As categorias de equivalência são denominadas curvas- e são objetos centrais estudados na geometria diferencial das curvas.

Duas das curvas- paramétricas, o  e o , são considerados es se, e somente se, possuírem um objeto bijetivo mapa- onde de uma maneira em que

e

Então  expresso sendo uma re-parametrização de .

A parametrização estabelece um vínculo de equivalência no conjunto de todas as variáveis paramétricas. Curvas-da classe  . A classe que corresponde a essa relação é apenas uma curva-.

Uma vínculo correspondente sendo mais fino de parâmetros paramétricos orientados da curvas- podem ser determinadas exigindo  satisfazer  .

O paramétrico equivalente as curvas- têm a imagem semelhante e parâmetros paramétricos orientados equivalentes as curvas- que atravessam a imagem na mesma direção.

Comprimento e parametrização natural
O comprimento  de uma curva- paramétrica  é estabelecido por

Esse comprimento é invariante sob re-parametrização e, consequentemente, é uma propriedade diferencial-geométrica da curva paramétrica.

Para cada paramétrico regular da curva- temos.No qual, se , a função é chamada de definida

Com base no que foi descrito , onde  é a função inversa de , isto é uma re-parametrização  do  e é nomeado de parametrização do comprimento de arco, parametrização natural ou até parametrização de velocidade unitária . Em função disso, o parâmetro  é denominado de parâmetro natural de  .

Essa parametrização é adotada pois o parâmetro natural  atravessa a imagem de  à velocidade unitária, e assim podemos observar que:

Na prática, normalmente é complicado calcular a parametrização natural de uma curva paramétrica, mas é útil para argumentos teóricos.

Para uma certa curva paramétrica , a parametrização natural é única até que ocorra uma alteração de parâmetro.

A quantidade

de vez em quando é nomeada de energia ou ação da curva; esse nome é justificado porque as equações geodésicas são as equações de movimento de Euler-Lagrange para esta atuação.

Quadro de Frenet

Pode-se declarar que um quadro de Frenet é um quadro de referência em movimento de  vetores ortonormais  que são utilizados para expressar uma curva local em cada ponto . É a ferramenta essencial no tratamento geométrico diferencial das curvas, porque além dele facilitar muito, é mais natural descrever propriedades locais (por exemplo, curvatura, torção) em termos de um sistema de referência local do que usar um sistema global, como as coordenadas euclidianas.

Dada a curva-  em , que é regular e tem ordem , o quadro de Frenet para a curva é o conjunto de vetores de ortonormais

chamados vetores Frenet . Eles são obtidos a partir das derivadas de  utilizando o algoritmo de ortogonalização de Gram-Schmidt tendo assim:

As funções com valor real  são denominados curvaturas generalizadas e são determinados como:

Pode-se dizer que a estrutura Frenet e as curvaturas generalizadas são invariantes sob reparametrização e, assim, são propriedades geométricas diferenciais da curva.

Curva de Bertrand
A curva de Bertrand é uma curva de Frenet em  com a vantagem de que a propriedade possui uma segunda curva no  de maneira com que os principais vetores normais dessas duas curvas sejam iguais em cada ponto equivalente. Ou seja, se  e  são duas curvas em  tal que para algum , observamos que , portanto concluímos que  e  são curvas de Bertrand. Por essa razão, é normal referi-los a um par de curvas de Bertrand (como anteriormente citado no exemplo o  e o ). Conforme o problema 25 das "Curvas de geometria diferencial - superfícies - coletores" da Kühnel's, da mesma forma é verídico que duas curvas de Bertrand que não estão no mesmo plano bidimensional são caracterizadas pela presença de uma relação linear . Onde temos que  são constantes reais e  .  Além do mais, pode-se dizer que o produto de torções dos pares de curvas de Bertrand é constante.

Vetores de Frenet especiais e curvaturas generalizadas
Os três primeiros vetores de Frenet e curvaturas generalizadas  são capazes de serem vistos no espaço tridimensional. Eles têm nomes  complementares e algumas informações semânticas anexadas a eles a mais.

Vetor tangente
Se uma curva  expressa o caminho de uma partícula, a velocidade instantânea da partícula em um certo ponto  é indicada por um vetor, denominado de vetor tangente à curva em . De maneira matemática, se tiver uma curva  parametrizada , para cada valor  do parâmetro, o vetor

  às

é o vetor tangente no ponto  . Dessa forma, o vetor tangente pode ser zero . A magnitude desse vetor

é a velocidade no momento  .

O primeiro vetor de Frenet  é o vetor tangente unitário na mesma direção, sendo determinado em cada ponto regular de  e assim representado como:

  .

Se  é o parâmetro natural, então o vetor tangente tem comprimento unitário. Assim, sua fórmula simplificada é:

  .

Nesse contexto, o vetor tangente unitário define a orientação da curva, ou a direção direta, equivalente aos valores crescentes do parâmetro. O vetor tomado como uma curva traça a imagem esférica da curva original.

Vetor normal ou curvatura
O vetor normal, ocasionalmente chamado de vetor de curvatura, aponta que o desvio da curva é uma linha reta.

É definido como

  .

Sua forma normalizada, onde o vetor normal unitário é o segundo vetor Frenet , deste modo sendo estabelecido como

  .

Sendo assim, a tangente e o vetor normal no ponto  apontam o plano osculante do ponto t.

Tendo em vista isso, pode-se definir que  . E através dessa informação, consequentemente obtemos que  .

Curvatura
A primeira curvatura generalizada  é denominada de curvatura e mede o desvio de  de ser uma linha reta em relação ao plano osculante. Esta curva generalizada pode ser descrita como:

e assim, é denominada então de curvatura de  no ponto  . Desta maneira, podemos defini-la como  .

O recíproco da curvatura

é chamado de raio de curvatura .

Pode-se dizer que um círculo com raio  tem uma curvatura constante de:

enquanto uma linha tem uma curvatura de 0.

Vetor binormal
O vetor binormal unitário é o terceiro vetor de Frenet  . Ele sempre é ortogonal à unidade tangente e a vetores normais em  . Esse vetor é representado como:

No espaço tridimensional, a equação simplificada é

ou para

  .

Esse mesmo sinal que pode ocorrer é ilustrado tanto pelos exemplos de uma hélice para a mão direita, quanto para uma hélice para a mão esquerda.

Torção
A segunda curvatura generalizada  é denominada de torção e mensura o desvio de  de ser uma curva plana. Isto é, se a torção é zero, a curva fica totalmente no mesmo plano de oscilação (existe apenas um plano de oscilação para cada ponto  ). Deste modo, ela é representada como:

e assim é denominado de torção de  no ponto  .

Teorema fundamental da teoria das curvas
Dadas as funções  :

possui então uma única (até transformações usando o grupo euclidiano ) curva-   que é de ordem regular n e tem essas propriedades:

onde o conjunto

é o quadro Frenet para a curva.

Contribuindo com um início  complementar em , um ponto inicial  em  e também um quadro Frenet ortonormal positivo inicial , com as seguintes características:

Obtemos que as transformações euclidianas são excluídas para conseguir uma curva  única.

Fórmulas de Frenet – Serret
As fórmulas de Frenet-Serret são uma junção de várias equações diferenciais ordinárias de primeira ordem. A sua solução é a associação de vetores Frenet que equivalem a curva especificada pelas funções de curvatura generalizada  .

2 dimensões

3 dimensões

dimensões (fórmula geral)

Veja também

 Lista de tópicos de curvas

Leitura adicional

 . O capítulo II é um tratamento clássico da Teoria das Curvas em 3-dimensões.
Curvas
Geometria diferencial