2015 was an active year - following are some of the community and industry events that MoreVisibility participated in.
Want to meet at our next event? View a complete list of what we have planned for this year.
This 75 minute webinar will empower you to define a well-crafted SEO strategy for your practice, understanding the opportunities on your website, as well as those beyond the site.
Join members of Google and the MoreVisibility team for a live, action-packed AdWords, Analytics, and SEO educational workshop!


Mobile Banking offers you the ability to access Bank services on the go anytime, anywhere! It's fast, secure and FREE*! You can view account balances and recent transactions, transfer funds between your accounts and even pay your bills.
Must be enrolled in MyBankTexas Online Internet Banking.
Not enrolled - Enroll at www.MyBankTexas.com to get started.
Must be setup in bill pay through online banking to use the mobile bill pay feature.
•We simply optimize your Internet Banking experience for use on a mobile device. All of the security currently in place with your Internet Banking solution remains intact. In effect, you are merely accessing your accounts on your Internet Banking application via a mobile device. User credentials are identical as you are connecting to the same site.
•Additionally, only account nicknames or masked account numbers are used in identifying accounts, and user data is not stored on the device.
*Your mobile carrier's text messaging and data charges may apply.


We're often told small to medium-sized businesses are the backbone of any economy. Dubai SME, the government agency tasked with promoting the little guys, has set out to prove that assumption with its latest report, a comprehensive look at the business environment and the contribution of SMEs to the economy. Here are some of the key points based on surveys with 1,200 SMEs.
SMEs make up 95% of all businesses in Dubai and employ 42% of the workforce.
There were 15,203 new business licences issued in Dubai in 2008, 11,743 in 2009 and 16,688 in 2012.
The trading sector accounts for the majority of SMEs in Dubai at 57%, followed by services at 35% and manufacturing at 8%.
SMEs contribute 40% to the total value-add generated by Dubai's economy. The report defines value add as the difference between output in the economy and immediate consumption.
The services sector contributes the highest level to Dubai's GDP, at 57%, while the trading sector roughly makes up 30% and manufacturing contributes approximately 14%, according to the Department of Economic Development, although, the report could have a rounding error as the figures do not add up to 100%.
Of the licences issued since the financial crisis in 2009, tourism licences issued have grown at the highest rate, with volumes up 24% each year.
SMEs in the manufacturing sector typically have net profit margins of 7% to 20%, while the services sector ranges from 2% to 22%, and trading from 2% to 14%.
About half of SMEs in Dubai earn part of their revenues from overseas, with the GCC, Asia Pacific and Africa the biggest markets. About 18% have set up offices or partnered overseas.
Only 23% of SMEs have accessed bank financing in the past five years.
About 19% of SME businesses in Dubai have the potential for scalability, the report says, but only 50% indicated that they maintained formal audited financial statements.


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MPR calls for thorough audit of state-owned insurers following Jiwasraya, Asabri debacle
Office of state-owned insurance company PT Asuransi Jiwasraya in Jakarta (kontan.co.id/Cheppy A Muchlis)
People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) Speaker Bambang Soesatyo has called on the Supreme Audit Agency (BPK) to conduct a large-scale audit on every state-owned insurance and pension fund firm in the country.
The move is expected to map out a more feasible investment scheme and prevent liquidity issues.
Bambang said last year's fiasco involving state-owned insurer Asuransi Jiwasraya, which saw the government experience up to Rp 13.7 trillion (US$998 million) in losses, as well as the recently emerged case surrounding another state-owned insurance firm, Asuransi Sosial Angkatan Bersenjata Republik Indonesia (Asabri), which has reportedly caused an estimated Rp 10 trillion in state losses, had prompted him to call for such a measure.
"The BPK must immediately conduct a thorough audit on various state insurers. We wouldn't want Jiwasraya and Asabri's problems to befall other state insurers," Bambang said in a statement on Monday as quoted by kompas.com.
Jiwasraya and Asabri are among seven state insurers in operation alongside PT Jasa Raharja, PT Asuransi Jasa Indonesia, PT Asuransi Kredit Indonesia, PT Asuransi Ekspor Indonesia, and PT Reasuransi Indonesia Utama.
State-Owned Enterprises (SOE) Minister Erick Thohir previously announced a plan to merge all pension funds from state-owned firms under a single state-owned insurance holding company for safe pension fund distribution.
Jiwasraya is being investigated by the Attorney General's Office (AGO) and the BPK after the firm failed to pay Rp 12.4 trillion in matured policies due in December 2019, leading to allegations of investment mismanagement.
The government announced last year that it did not intend to bail out Jiwasraya, which recorded Rp 15.89 trillion in losses in 2018 and losses of Rp 13.74 trillion in the first nine months of 2019, due to the insurer failing to fulfill its payment obligations for policies that had matured.
Meanwhile, Asabri, which manages social insurance and pension funds of personnel of the National Police, the Indonesian Military (TNI) and employees of the Defense Ministry, reportedly lost Rp 10 trillion as several stocks in its portfolio endured losses of more than 95 percent last year.
Bambang went on to say that the BPK should also conduct a similar audit on the Workers Social Security Agency (BPJS Ketenagajakerjaan), considering that the agency was responsible for handling massive public funds.
BPJS Ketenagakerjaan managed Rp 412 trillion of last September, according to him.
"Such a considerable amount of funds must be managed carefully and under strict supervision," he said. (rfa)
Jiwasraya Asabri audit MPR peoples-consultative-assembly Bambang-Soesatyo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Wondering if anyone would be kind enough to share their thoughts and suggestions on this code. I am trying to have a script that adds a field, updates the field with something and then clips it to a project area. I have it working for a single shapefile, and have commented out what I think I would need to use to get my desired results. Any help would be greatly appreciated, and thanks in advance!
env = arcpy.env.workspace = "S:/TallPinesGIS/py/"
## clipShp = inTest "clip_" +"+shp+"


Blog: Will a Nigerian Win the Google Code Jam?
[t]hink you can compete with the world's top programmers? Here's your chance to prove it.
… and of course, the pride of competing with the world's best and possibly winning! And I'm just wondering, will we have anyone from Nigeria competing? Or win?
I am presently involved in a research effort that focuses on the status of technology use for advocacy purposes by civil society in Nigeria. Doe to the broad definition of civil society, I have chosen to look at specific institutions, including community-based organisations, faith-based organisations, independent media, non-governmental organisatons, social enterprises, labour groups, student/youth groups, professional groups, women groups, special interest groups and political groups.
For the first phase of the research, I need to get some information about civil society organisations, and I have set up a questionnaire page that will only take 12 minutes to complete. Please visit www.gbengasesan.com/eadvocacy.htm to complete the questionnaire, as you contribute to the depth and accuracy of the research exercise. I will be glad to provide more information, should you require such. Please use the reply button (if you're reading this via eMail), the comment link if you're reading this on my blog, or use the guestbook if you're reading this on my website.
In the past few days, I have had reasons to share thoughts with various audiences on the central theme of building an enviable career — either as students who need to plan ahead, or professionals who need to review their career path. Each time I seek to get the job done, I am always faced with the reality of the increasing absence of deliberately planned careers: most people are caught in the web of the syndrome we used to refer to as Anywhere Belle Face (ABF) (a rather descriptive way of saying that an individual literally lives based on responses to events and circumstances around him/her without any pre-determined plans, and without a sense of direction in life) while in high school. One major concern I have is the absence of deliberate career-grooming plans among many of today's young Nigerians: whatever happened to careers?
A job is different from a career. While a job will pay your bills, a career will ensure that you are of evident benefit to your community (immediate, national or global), and will also connect you with a more enjoyable way of earning a living. I have come to learn that nothing excites (empowers, motivates and plants a permanent smile) like doing what you love (and are skilled) to do — and getting paid for it. When I started laying the foundation for a career in the application of ICTs for development, I had no idea that it would be this interesting! I just loved the feeling of inching closer to my planned career dreams, not knowing that the time would come when what I loved (and still very much love) will provide a platform for the development of individuals, organisations, nations and more.


Paging Systems are wireless communication system specially designed for a one-way communication. HT-Vox presents state-of-the-art paging solution that spell efficiency, ease of usage and higher productivity. This user-friendly device helps in sending quick messages and eases down your communication worries where voice calls might not be desired (or possible).
The tour guide operator is the friend to every tour guide. Now it is possible to talk to a large group without having to raise the voice and get the message delivered to every person present. Its superb mechanism and design make it easier to handle while causing zero fatigue. It is easy to use and is efficient in every aspect.


text:
Moscovium (115Mc) je umělý prvek, v přírodě se nevyskytuje. Prvním objeveným izotopem bylo v roce 1999 (možná už 1998) 289Mc.

Je známo 5 izotopů moscovia, s nukleonovými čísly 287 až 291; nejstabilnější (z izotopů, jejichž poločas přeměny je znám) je 289Mc s poločasem přeměny přibližně 220 milisekund (u 291Mc se předpokládá poločas kolem 1 minuty), všechny ostatní mají poločas kratší než 200 milisekund.

Seznam izotopů

Reference

Moscovium
Moscovium

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A group of drivers have filed a lawsuit against ride-hailing company Juno (and its new parent company Gett) for breach of contract, false advertising and securities fraud, as Recode first noticed. Juno operates in New York City and branded itself as the driver friendly alternative to Uber and Lyft.
The issue: The drivers' biggest gripe is that Juno's main selling point to them was the promise of earning equity in the company, yet it rescinded that plan after it sold itself to Gett, another ride-hailing company operating in New York City, for $200 million. Instead, the company said it will pay cash bonuses to drivers with shares in the company.
Challenges: Juno said that even before the acquisition, it realized implementing its equity program would be more difficult than anticipated.
Piling on: In May, a guild representing drivers filed a complaint to the Federal Trade Commission accusing Juno of misleading drivers with its equity program.


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cadet nurse corps (2)
army -- aaf nurse corps (1)
air force -- air force reserve (1)
wv0383 jean holdridge reeves papers (7)
wv0269 carrie radnik collection, 1942-1945, 2003 (3)
wv0297 esther gilbert scrapbook, 1944-1946 (3)
wv0295 jean m. bright collection, 1944-1946, 2004-2005 (2)
wv0002 women veterans general printed materials and video recordings collection (1)
wv0014 virginia gilbert mattson papers (1)
wv0027 mary jane dewan papers (1)
wv0037 lucille ingram pauquette papers (1)
Item description: Pacific
Oral history interview with Bertha Nichols McClure, 2009
Documents Bertha "Nicki" McClure's childhood in New Jersey and Maine during the Depression and her service in the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) during World War II and the Korean War.
McClure discusses attending nursing school at Muhlenberg...
WV0478 Bertha Nichols McClure Papers
Oral history interview with Doris Wofford Armenaki, 1999
Documents Doris Wofford Armenaki's early life; education; military service as a nurse during World War II; personal life after the war; and nursing training and teaching at the University of North Carolina at Greensboro from the 1970s to the...
WV0079 Doris Wofford Armenaki Collection, 1944 - 1945
Oral history interview with Mary Jane DeWan, 1999
Documents Mary Jane DeWan's pre-war nurse's training; her service in the Army Nurse Corps (ANC) in the South Pacific from 1943 to 1945; and her life and career following World War II.
DeWan briefly discusses her nursing training before...
WV0027 Mary Jane DeWan Papers
Oral history interview with Nancy Mayes, 2000
Mayes primarily discusses WASP training, working overseas with the Red Cross and Air Force Pacific Command, and her experiences in the Air Force Reserves, GE, and as a WASP veteran.
Mayes details her mother's experiences teaching and being a...
WV0169 Nancy Mayes Papers
Oral history interview with Lucille Ingram Pauquette, 1999
Primarily documents Carolina Lucille Ingram Pauquette's service with the Marine Corps Women's Reserve from 1945 to 1946 and her life after World War II.
Pauquette discusses her decision to join the Marines and the influence of having four...
WV0037 Lucille Ingram Pauquette Papers
Oral history interview with Virginia Gilbert Mattson, 1999
Documents Virginia "Ginny" Gilbert Mattson's early life; her service with the U.S. Navy WAVES (Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service) from 1944 to 1946; and her involvement in WAVES National beginning in the late 1980s.
Mattson...
WV0014 Virginia Gilbert Mattson Papers
Oral history interview with Betty Berry Godin, 1999
Interview primarily focuses on Betty Berry Godin's service as an Army Air Force Evacuation Nurse.
Pre-service topics include Godin's nursing education and employment; being reject for a job as a flight attendant; and the death of a...
WV0096 Betty Berry Godin Papers
Oral history interview with Rebecca Ann Lloyd, 2006
Primarily documents Rebecca Ann Lloyd's background; her education at the Curry School and the Woman's College of the University of North Carolina in the 1930s and 1940s; her twenty-year career in the U.S. Navy; and her post-service commercial real...
WV0346 Rebecca Ann Lloyd Papers
Oral history interview with Edna Wilson, 2006
Primarily documents Edna Wilson's service in the Marine Corps Women's Reserve during World War II and the impact of her service on the rest of her life.
Wilson provides a brief overview of her childhood residences and education, and her...
WV0355 Edna Smith Wilson Oral History
Oral history interview with Jean Bright
Documents Jean Marie Bright's early life and education in Greensboro, North Carolina; work and social experiences in New York City and Washington, D.C.; service with the American Red Cross from 1944 to 1946; and teaching in North Carolina before...
WV0295 Jean M. Bright Collection, 1944-1946, 2004-2005
Oral history interview with Lucy Smith, 1999
Primarily documents Lucy M. Smith's experiences in the Women's Army Corps from 1943 to 1945, particularly her time at Camp Patrick Henry.
Smith details hearing about the attack on Pearl Harbor while recovering from injuries she sustained...
WV0081 Lucy Smith Papers
Oral history interview with Agnes Cantwell, 1999
Interview includes discussion of Agnes Cantwell's early nursing studies; service during World War II in the Pacific Theater; postwar enrollment at the Woman's College of the University of North Carolina; and work with cancer...
WV0086 Agnes Cantwell Papers
Oral history interview with Emily Sullivan Newcity, 2008
Primarily documents Emily Sullivan Newcity's service in the Pacific with the WAC (Women's Army Corps) during World War II.
Newcity briefly discusses her childhood on a farm in New York. She recalls the day Pearl Harbor was attacked, seeing...
WV0427 Emily Newcity Oral History
Esther Gilbert Scrapbook, 1944-1946
This extensive scrapbook depicts Gilbert's service in the Pacific Theater of World War II through photos with detailed captions as well as maps, tourism guides, news clippings, and other mementos from the various places in which Gilbert served....
WV0297 Esther Gilbert Scrapbook, 1944-1946
[Red Cross workers sit on a tarmac in Australia, 1944]
Five Red Cross workers in fatigues sit on a bench on a tarmac in front of an airplane while in Australia in November 1944. The women, stationed at the U.S. Pacific Theater headquarters in Noumea, New Caledonia, appear to be wearing the WAC (Women's...
[Red Cross club at Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, 1945]
The exterior of the Red Cross club in Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, in 1945. According to Esther Gilbert, this facility, surrounded by tropical trees, was typical of Red Cross clubs in the Pacific. (Photo taken from Esther Gilbert Scrapbook).


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Life is like a sewer -- what you get out of it depends on what you put into it. It's always seemed to me that this is precisely the sort of dynamic, positive thinking that we so desperately need today in these trying times of crisis and universal brouhaha.
-- Thomas Andrew Lehrer (9 April 1928 -), American singer-songwriter, satirist, pianist, and mathematician, Introduction to "We Will All Go Together When We Go"


text:
wilson, lisa (3198)
jarvis, dale (1114)
penney, nicole (534)
power, maureen (500)
barrett, terra (499)
rug hooking guild of newfoundland and labrador (430)
baker, jedediah (401)
pocius, gerald l. (363)
braye, crystal (293)
silk, hiram (264)
audio/mp3 (1733)
image/jpg (496)
image/tiff application/pdf (345)
application/pdf (225)
video/mp4 (185)
video/wmv (139)
audio/wma (92)
image/tiff (73)
image/jpg application/pdf (24)
migration/settlement (2790)
handmade objects (2139)
architecture, building and construction (1877)
buildings (1505)
textiles (1443)
folk art (1390)
needlework (material culture) (1300)
All fields: Intangible
Haritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador Occasional Paper on Intangible Cultural Heritage, No. 001, July 2012.
Haritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador Occasional Paper on Intangible Cultural Heritage, No. 001, July 2012. Project-Based Training Initiatives: A Model for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage.
Project-Based Training Initiatives: A model for the safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage
Occasional paper on Intangible Cultural Heritage. No. 001. July 2012.
No. 054. Intangible Cultural Heritage Update (December 2014)
Oral tradition--Newfoundland and Labrador--Periodicals; Material culture--Newfoundland and Labrador--Periodicals; Folklore--Newfoundland and Labrador--Periodicals; Newfoundland and Labrador--Social life and customs--Periodicals; Cultural...
News and updates on Newfoundland and Labrador's Cultural Heritage Program.
ANLA Bulletin, Fall 2006
Association of Newfoundland and Labrador Archives; Archives--Newfoundland and Labrador; Archivists--Newfoundland and Labrador
ANLA Bulletin: The official organ of the Association of Newfoundland and Labrador Archivists, renamed the Association of Newfoundland and Labrador Archives in 1994, published 1983-current. This site contains issues for the years 1983 to 2005....
No. 014. Intangible Cultural Heritage Update (March 2010)
No. 037. Intangible Cultural Heritage Update (September 2012)
No. 040. Intangible Cultural Heritage Update (December 2012 - January 2013)
Haritage Foundation of Newfoundland and Labrador Occasional Paper on Intangible Cultural Heritage, No. 002, August 2012. Old Time Concerts on the Baccalieu Trail: A Project-Based Training Case Study.
Old Time Concerts on the Baccalieu Trail: A Project-Based Training Case Study
Music and song;
Occasional paper on Intangible Cultural Heritage. No. 002. August 2012.
Lych-gates in Newfoundland
Objects;
Martin, Nov. 25, 1994, Part 2. Mark Ferguson Interviewing Bernard and Mary Ann Martin.
Part 2 of Mark Ferguson's November 25 interview with Bernard and Mary Ann Martin. The informants discuss fish qualities, fish parts, fishing methods, the work environment on a fishing stage, fish salting, women taking care of children while...
Abbott, W., Dec. 11, 1994, Part 3. Mark Ferguson interviewing Wallace Abbott.
Part 3 of Mark Ferguson's December 11, 1994 interview with Wallace Abbott. Mr. Abbott discusses working and living winters in the woods, and building woods camps for his family. Mr. Abbott also discusses fishing stories, his boat, drying and...
Ryder, J., Dec. 13, 1994, Part 1. Mark Ferguson interviewing John Ryder.
Part 1 of Mark Ferguson's December 13, 1994 interview with John Ryder. Mr. Ryder discusses work on the fishing stage, girls working on flakes, size of flakes, the fish making process, the proper way to spead out the fish, mothers brining their...
Keel, H., Dec. 4, 1994, Part 2. Mark Ferguson interviewing Heber John Keel.
Part 2 of Mark Ferguson's December 4, 1994 interview with Heber John Keel. Mr. Keel discusses fish processing, fish salting technique, and women tending the tables in the fishing stage.
Hayward, Dec. 10, 1994, Part 1. Mark Ferguson interviewing Wilson and May Hayward.
Part 1 of Mark Ferguson's December 10, 1994 interview with Wilson and May Hayward. The informants discuss their home, their community, their fishing stage and store, peoples' jobs at the stage, and ways fish would spoil.
Keel, H., Dec. 8, 1994, Part 1. Mark Ferguson interviewing Heber Keel.
Part 1 of Mark Ferguson's Dec ember 8, 1994 interview with Heber Keel. Mr. Keel discusses fishing, fishing grounds around Bonavista, types of fishing boats, and collecting bows for fish flakes.
Fitzgerald, B., Dec. 6, 1994, Part 1. Mark Ferguson interviewing Bride Fitzgerald.
Part 1 of Mark Ferguson's December 6, 1994 interview with Bride Fitzgerald. Mrs. fitzgerald tells stories of her family, including the story of losing a cousin during the Newfoundland Sealing Disaster. Mrs. Fitzgerald also discusses her family's...
Part 2 of Mark Ferguson's December 11, 1994 interview with Wallace Abbott. Mr. Abbott discusses his career working seasonal work and his brother surviving the Great War. Mr. Abbott also discusses fish-processing, and the layout of fishing stages...
Ryder, Dec. 5, 1994, Part 2. Mark Ferguson interviewing Jabez and Vera Ryder.
Part 2 of Mark Ferguson's December 5, 1994 interview with Jabez and Vera Ryder. The informants discuss the layout of a fishing stage, fish-salting methods, differences in salted and pickled fish, and working with family on the stage.


So, as most of the world knows by now, Haiti has experienced one of the worst disasters of the century, a 7.3 earthquake. As I live in the Dominican Republic, we felt it very hard too, but luckily we only experienced some minor damage to some structures and well, it was kind of a big scare.
The situation in Haiti, however, couldn't be worse. The Capital of the country, Port-au Prince, was completely destroyed and people are in need for help there. As a Dominican we have witnessed the poverty and calamities that the Haitian people had to go through, and now after the earthquake, well it's unimaginable how these people will get through.
If you are reading this and want to lend a hand, I suggest the american red cross, the situation is of a catastrophe and it's only getting worse, so even a little help goes a long way.
Esperemos que las cosas no se pongan peor de lo que ya estan.


text:
Home > Distribution Of Iron The World
Distribution Of Iron The World
Iron ore - Wikipedia
World consumption of iron ore grows 10% per annum [citation needed] on average with the main consumers being China, Japan, Korea, the United States and the European Union. China is currently the largest consumer of iron ore, which translates to be the world's largest steel producing country.
Resource Distribution and its Consequences
Jan 24, 2020 · Iron ore is a mined commodity and is the key input into refined iron and steel and related products. The price of iron ore has fluctuated over the past ten years greatly as its global demand has .
distribution and production of iron ore of the world
Feb 16, 2016, Distribution Of Iron Ore Resources In The World. Iron Ore Distribution in India Important India distribution of iron ore resources in the world, Apr 26, 2014, There are various mines producing iron ore in different states of India, Recently, an iron ore mine probably the largest reserve of the world.distribution and production of iron ore of the world YouTubeAug 2, 2016, I know .
22 Shocking Iron Deficiency Anemia Statistics - HRF
22 Shocking Iron Deficiency Anemia Statistics. . impossible to effectively treat without dramatic health interventions that are not usually present in the developing world. For many people today, the fastest way to solve an iron deficiency problem is to take a multivitamin that contains the daily recommended dose of iron. Specific iron .
World Distribution Of Iron Ore Reserves - Andhra Pradesh .
World distribution of iron ore reserves. China. China now emerged as a leading iron ore-producing country in the world. Till 1975, its production of iron ore in the world was only 6.5 per cent, but in year 2000, China produced 24.3 per cent iron ore of the world.
world distribution of iron resources
Nov 13, 2019 · Iron is the most commonly used metal worldwide. It is primarily used by the construction, engineering, automotive, and machinery industry, often as the main ingredient in .
Production and Distribution of Iron Ore around the World
Jan 24, 2016 · Smelting, Beneficiation. Iron Ore Distribution Across the World. Factors that influence the location of Iron and Steel industry Raw materials – iron ore, coal, limestone, etc. Transportation and other infrastructure – road, rail, ports etc. Investment and Entrepreneurship = banking facilities, human capital for managerial roles.
11 Biggest Iron Ore Producers in the World in 2017 .
Iron is one of the most important metals in industries today, so here we will see which the biggest iron ore producers in the world in 2017 are. Iron ores are all those rocks and minerals from .
Distribution of Major Industries: Location Factors - Clear IAS
world distribution of iron
world distribution of iron. HFC Refrigerants (55) HST Hydraulic Cone CrusherHST series hydraulic cone crusher is combined with technology such as machinery, hydraulic pressure, electricity, automation, intelligent control, etc., representing the most advanced crusher technology in the world. It .
world distribution of iron and steel industry wikipedia .
Feb 22, 2013 · map showing distribution of iron and steel industry in world. map showing distribution of iron and steel industry in world.Today, steel is one of the most common materials in the world, with more than billion tons . »More detailed
Banded Iron-Formations: Introduction and Distribution .
We track the millions of LoL games played every day to gather champion stats, matchups, builds & summoner rankings, as well as champion stats, popularity, .
This statistic shows the world iron ore reserves as of 2019, by major countries. The reserves of crude iron ore in the United States were estimated to be approximately three billion metric tons at .
WHERE IS IRON ORE MINED? - Technology Student
Haematite ore also has a high content of iron at 60%. All iron ore contains ferric oxide and it is from this that iron is extracted. Approximately two billion tonnes of iron ore are mined each year. The pictogram / graph below, shows the world distribution of iron ore mining. China, Australia and Brazil dominate this world .
UPSC Geography - Iron Ore Distribution | NeoStencil
Iron Ore Distribution: World and India. The iron ore is found in following four types: Magnetite: It is the most important and best kind of iron ore. It contains about 72 percent metallic iron in it. It is black in colour. Hematite: It is also an important source. It contains about 60-70 percent metallic iron in it.
Distribution of Iron and Steel Industry (With Statistics)
Distribution of Iron and Steel Industries in Japan: The first steel plant was constructed in Japan at the fag end of 19th century. This Yawata steel plant was the biggest in Asia at the time of installation. Within a span of 40 years, at least 10 other steel plants were constructed in Japan. Since then, Japanese steel industry never looked back.
List of countries by iron ore production - Wikipedia
45 rows · Pig iron production. This is a list of countries by pig iron production.. Pig Iron production .
Top 10 Iron and Steel Companies in the World 2016 .
The Iron and Steel industry has grown over the decades to be largest sectors and businesses in the world. The top iron & steel companies are Arcelor Mittal, VALE, Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal, POSCO & JFE Steel along with brands like Baosteel, TATA .
iron ore distribution throughout the world - MC World
Production and Distribution of Iron Ore around the World. 2019-11-20 China now emerged as a leading iron ore-producing country in the world. Till 1975, its production of iron ore in the world was only 6.5 per cent, but in year 2000, China produced 24.3 per cent iron ore of the world.
WHO | Anaemia/iron deficiency list of publications
Anaemia/iron deficiency list of publications. The documents and articles listed below can be accessed, downloaded, or ordered from the WHO bookshop. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005 WHO Global Database on Anaemia; Assessing the iron status of populations Second edition, including Literature Reviews
Iron & Steel Industry and it's distribution in World
Dec 25, 2017 · World distribution of iron and steel industries Iron and steel industry I regarded as the basis of the industries and mark of human development it is an basic need for the industries. For agriculture or textile industry all machinery and implement are made of iron or steel.
distribution of iron ore resources in the world
Distribution of Mineral Resource in the World - Drishti IAS. Oct 4, 2014 . IRON ORE DISTRIBUTION. Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted.The ores are usually rich. Get price; World iron ore reserves by country 2015 | Statista. This statistic shows the world iron ore reserves as of 2015, by .
Distribution Of Iron And Steel World Levels - Henan Caesar .
Distribution Of Iron And Steel World Levels. We are a large-scale manufacturer specializing in producing various mining machines including different types of sand and gravel equipment, milling equipment, mineral processing equipment and building materials equipment.
Coal - World distribution of coal | Britannica
The geographical distribution of coal, iron and timber (factors leading to the rise of industrial production) important for steam engines. places that have coal can industrialize (Belgium, Germany, US, .
Rank distribution - League of Legends
Distribution Iron Ore World
liangr | World Distribution Of Iron Ore in Morocco World Distribution Of Iron Ore in Morocco World iron ore reserves The world's rich iron ore resources, the U.S. Geological Survey reported that the end of 2004, the world's iron ore reserves of 160 billion tons, the reserve . Get Price And Support Online
World distribution of iron and steel-Henan Mining .
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Vertical Gallery is proud to present our one-year anniversary show PAPER JAM. The gallery has partnered with Australian print house Stupid Krap for the exhibition and is curated by artist Ben Frost.
PAPER JAM is an exhibition of works on paper by an international line-up of artists including: Shark Toof (US), Anthony Lister (AU), James Jirat Patradoon (AU), Chris Cunningham (UK), Greg Gossel (US), Ben Frost (AU), Hebru Brantley (US), Denial (CA), Copyright (UK), Taylor White (US), Mark Drew (AU), Bridge Stehli (UK), Mysterious Al (UK), Michael Cain (AU), Dale Keogh (AU), Collin Van Der Sluijs (NL), and Numskull (AU).
The exhibition was April 5 – 26, 2014.


text:
Q: i10n angularjs assign translate variable Okay so i have the following small translation file:
    {
    "components" : {
    "1" : "Video",
    "2" : "Lyd",
    "3" : "Dokument",
    "4" : "Tekst"
}

}

And then i have the following li item:

{{type.name}}

What you need to notice is :
{{type.name}}

Or more precisely:
translate="components.{{1}}"

With this it does not translate the  tag.
However if i do
translate="components.1"

it translates correctly however this method doesnt work for me
so my question is how can dynamicly change the value of a the translate attribute?

A: The reason components.{{1}} is not working is because the double curlies in Angular is just meant to evaluate an expression. 1 is just a number, so you'll get components.1 everytime.
If I understand what you need correctly, you need to have a corresponding component based on type. So if type.id === 1 then your type is Video.
In order to achieve that in Angular dynamically, you should just have:
translate="{{components[type.id]}}"

Fiddle

A: As far as I understand you want to dynamize the translation json if added a new type to your componentTypes array.
There is a solution for that need, you can implement a new custom translation loader factory and use it with specified way here https://github.com/angular-translate/angular-translate/wiki/Asynchronous-loading. After that you have to add this new item to the translation json, your array and then refresh the translation.
View:

    Links to jsfiddle.net must be accompanied by code. Please indent all code by 4

        <input type="text" ng-model="type.name" /> Add Component

{{ 'components.' + type.name | translate }}

Implementation of your application:
var myApp = angular.module('myApp', ['pascalprecht.translate']);

var components_en = {
    "components": {
        "1": "Video",
            "2": "Lyd",
            "3": "Dokument",
            "4": "Tekst"
    }
};

myApp.config(function ($translateProvider) {
    $translateProvider.useLoader('customLoader', {});
    $translateProvider.translations('en', components_en);
    $translateProvider.preferredLanguage('en');
});

myApp.controller('MyCtrl', function ($scope, $translate) {
    $scope.module = {
        module_type_id: 1
    };

    $scope.addComponent = function (type) {
        // Add the componentTypes array you took from database
        $scope.componentTypes.push({
            name: $scope.componentTypes.length + 1
        });

        // Add the translation object
        components_en["components"][$scope.componentTypes.length] = type.name;
        console.log(components_en);
        $translate.refresh();
    };

    $scope.componentTypes = [{
        name: 1
    }, {
        name: 2
    }, {
        name: 3
    }, {
        name: 4
    }];
});

myApp.factory('customLoader', function ($http, $q) {
    return function (options) {
        var deferred = $q.defer();

        deferred.resolve(components_en);

        return deferred.promise;
    }
})

I prepared a demonstration for that like usage, please below jsfiddle:
http://jsfiddle.net/nerezo/1z071wzg/6/
Note: This like translation modifications will not be persistent and new translations will be lost.

A: Please give this a try:
translate="{{'components.' + type.id}}" //if there is id in type

or
translate="{{'components.' + ($index + 1)}}"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Орловское художественное училище имени Г.Г. Мясоедова (ОХУ) — учебное заведение, дающее среднее специальное образование, одно из старейших в России, ведущее историю с 1919 года.

История
История Орловского художественного училища началась в 1919 году, с открытием в Орле рисовальных классов, на базе которых была создана Губернская художественная школа.

Орловское художественное училище как среднее специальное учебное заведение открылось в 1933 году, объединив весь наработанный опыт художественного образования. Перед Великой Отечественной войной училище было переведено в г. Елец и в 1957 году c отходом города к Липецкой области закрыто.

В сентябре 1971 года училище возобновило работу в соответствии с приказом Управления культуры Орловского областного исполнительного комитета депутатов трудящихся от 16 июня 1971 года.  Директором училища был назначен М.К. Никифоров. Таким образом в Орле была создана трёхступенчатая система художественного образования: училище стало средним звеном между художественно-графическим факультетом Орловского педагогического института (открыт в 1959 году) и детскими художественными школами №1 (1964) и №2, а также районными школами в области.

Одним из инициаторов восстановления училища был его выпускник Андрей Ильич Курнаков.

Первоначально обучение велось на трёх отделениях: «художественное оформление», «скульптура», «театрально-декорационное». В 1976 году открылось отделение по подготовке учителей черчения и рисования, с 1992 года переименованное в отделение живописи.

В 1984 году в училище открыто направление декоративно-прикладного искусства по специальности «Художественная обработка металла».

В 1995 году оформительское отделение было преобразовано в отделение дизайна.

Училище участвовало в Днях культуры Орловской области в Москве (1996) и организовало Всероссийский методический семинар по дизайн-образованию в Орле (2001).

В 2003 году учащиеся представили работы на Всероссийской выставке дипломных проектов выпускников художественных училищ и художественных отделений училищ искусства в Орле и на фестивале в Италии в составе всероссийской делегации молодых деятелей культуры и искусства.

В 2005 году ОХУ представило экспозицию на выставку студенческих работ в городе Селен.

С 2006 года на отделении декоративно-прикладного искусства стали готовить специалистов по текстилю.

В 2007 году была организована юбилейная выставка работ преподавателей и выпускников ОХУ.

В апреле 2008 года училище стало участником проекта «Тихая провинция» в Москве в Центральном доме художника: «Орловское художественное училище. О.А. Сорокина и студенты» на Московском Международном салоне «ЦДХ-2008».

За годы работы училище подготовило более 2000 молодых специалистов, многие из которых стали заслуженными мастерами своего дела, трудятся в различных сферах культуры и искусства, а также на педагогическом поприще.

Руководство
Директор училища с 1985 года —  Сергей Николаевич Козлов, заслуженный работник культуры РФ.

Выпускники
Бывшие питомцы училища разных лет стали известными художниками: это Народный художник России А. И. Курнаков, заслуженный деятель искусств России И. А. Круглый, старейший театральный художник г. Орла М. А. Рохлин, художник-портретист Н. И. Полунин, члены Союза художников Ю. А. Козленков, Н. Г. Тюрин, В. И. Карев, член Союза дизайнеров России Е. В. Еаренкова, один из основателей (декабрь 1990) Союза фотохудожников России А. В. Широбоков.

Многие выпускники стали преподавателями училища. Общее количество преподавателей составляет 40 человек. Среди них семеро — члены Союза художников РФ; 5 человек — члены Союза дизайнеров РФ. В том числе: Заслуженный работник культуры РФ Н. И. Рымшин, председатель Орловской организации Союза художников России Ю. М. Тимоничев, председатель Орловской организации Союза дизайнеров России В. В. Панков.

Методическая база

За годы существования училища много сделано для совершенствования учебной и методической базы, в том числе силами учащихся и преподавателей. Училище пополнилось новыми учебным оборудованием, созданы и оформлены новые учебные кабинеты, мастерские. Ряд специальных предметов ведется по оригинальным программам и методикам, разработанным преподавателями училища. На 3-м Всероссийском семинаре проводимом совместно Министерством культуры и Союзом дизайнеров России в декабре 1995 г. на базе Орловского художественного училища одобрен опыт работы училища по специализациям отделения «Дизайн».

Приказом Министерства культуры России за Орловским художественным училищем в качестве базового, закреплены Брянское, Воронежское, Железногорское художественные училища и художественные отделения Белгородского, Елецкого училищ искусств, с целью оказания методической помощи и распространения передового опыта работы.

В настоящее время педагогический коллектив работает над дальнейшим совершенствованием учебного процесса, постоянно происходит корректировка программ для укрепления связи с современными требованиями жизни.

Наработанный опыт педагогического коллектива позволяет при необходимости открыть новые специализации и готовить специалистов по профилю училища, необходимых в настоящее время для экономики нашей области, культуры и искусства в целом.

Приказом Министерства культуры РФ ОХУ получило статус базового для Брянского, Воронежского и Железногорского художественных училищ и художественных отделений Белгородского и Елецкого училищ искусств.

Отделения
1. «Живописно-педагогическое» отделение, готовит преподавателей ИЗО для ДХШ, школ искусств, студий и т. п. (4 года обучения) форма обучения очная

2. Отделение «Дизайн» (4 года обучения)форма обучения очная
— специализация «Реклама в архитектурно-пространственной среде»
— специализация «Промграфика и реклама»
На отделении готовятся художники-дизайнеры широкого профиля с базовым образованием для работы в самых различных отраслях промышленности, культуры и искусства.

3. «Декоративно-прикладное» отделение. (4 года обучения)форма обучения очная
— специализация «Художественная обработка металла», готовит специалистов по декоративной работе с металлом.

4. «Текстильное» отделение. (4 года обучения) форма обучения очная

5. «Скульптурное» отделение (4 года обучения) форма обучения очная

Центральное место в училище занимает отделение «Дизайн».

Общественная деятельность

Организация учебного процесса и внеклассная работа в училище идут в неразрывной связи с жизнью. Начиная с 1971 г. студенты активно участвуют в работе по оказанию помощи, прежде всего в эстетическом оформлении г. Орла и районов области.

Все практические задания, прежде всего, на отделении «Дизайн» имеют конкретную привязку на объектах г. Орла и области. Многие курсовые и дипломные проекты студенты разрабатывают не только на бумаге. Руками молодых художников безвозмездно оформлены вестибюли музыкального училища, строительного колледжа, многих школ г. Орла, Дома культуры в п. Верховье, Нарышкино, в г. Ливны, школы-интернаты для слабослышащих детей, оформлены с помощью декоративно-прикладных работ в материале Городской дом ребёнка, Областной центр социальной помощи семье и детям и многие другие. Не случайно, ещё в 1981 г. на республиканском совещании Министерство культуры РСФСР одобрило опыт работы коллектива училища по укреплению связи учебного процесса с жизнью и рекомендовало его к распространению среди других училищ.

Так же внутри стен училища проходят выставки (педагогов, учащихся (не только учеников ОХУ), мероприятия (спортшоу,посвящение, хеллоуин), соревнования плакатов и другие. Вне здания ОХУ ученики участвуют в кроссе наций, турслетах, отправляют свои работы на городские и международные конкурсы.

Примечания

Учебные заведения, основанные в 1919 году в России
1919 год в культуре и искусстве
Художественные училища России
Худ
Культурные организации Орла


text:
Q: Fallback to direct download In JwPlayer, How do I Fallback play mode to direct download?
My Scenario is RTMP->HLS->Direct Download
My current code:
            jwplayer("<?php echo $this->id?>").setup({

                    autostart: 'true' ,
                    flashplayer: "<?php echo CHtml::asset($this->_path.'/jwplayer.flash.swf')?>",
                    width:<?php echo $this->width?>,
                    height:<?php echo $this->height?>,
                    playlist: [{
                        sources: [
                        {
                           //Desktop: Use RTMP protocol and played by flash.
                            file: "<?php echo $this->rtmpPath;?>"
                        },
                        {
                            //Mobile: Use HLS protocol and played by HTML5
                            file: "<?php echo $this->hlsPath;?>",
                        },
{
                            //Direct Download
                             ??
                            file: "<?php echo $this->ddPath;?>",
                        },
                        ]
                    }],
                    primary:"html5",
                });

...............................................


THE GUEST WHISPERER: A HOLLYWOOD INSIDER AND VISIONARY, SHE'S PUT 10,000 PEOPLE ON TELEVISION AND ROCKED BUSINESSES FROM THE INSIDE OUT INTO THE STRATOSPHERE.
Jacquie's foray in talent comes from her time in the trenches as a nationally recognized producer in broadcast television.As Showrunner of the long running AMC series Sunday Morning Shootout, hosted by Hollywood Icons - Chair of Mandalay Entertainment, Peter Guber and Former Editor-in-Chief of Variety, Peter Bart. Celebrity guests produced by Jacquie include Steven Spielberg, Charlize Theron, Clint Eastwood, Angelina Jolie, Peter Jackson, George Clooney and Dustin Hoffman.
Simultaneously, as Executive Producer, Jacquie launched the copy-cat formula of Shootout for the TVGuide Channel, Square-Off with a focus on the television industry hosted by Andy Wallenstein and Brian Lowry of Variety. Jacquie vetted the best the industry had to offer – from NBC head Ben Silverman, Shonda Rhimes to known television stars like Jon Cryer and Mark Harmon.
As a New York Times Best Selling Publisher, Publisher's Weekly is quoted as saying, "Jordan seems to have succeeded at her goal as laid out on the TVGuestpert website," when talking about the success of The TVGuestpert Publishing orchestrated, The Art of Having It All hitting the coveted list.
As a published author of Get on TV! The Insider's Guide to Pitching the Producers and Promoting Yourself! (Sourcebooks 2006) and Heartfelt Marketing: Allowing the Universe to be Your Business Partner (BurmanBooks 2010), she has been featured in Entrepreneur Magazine, Selling Power Magazine, Feedback Magazine, Emmy Magazine, and the cover of Woman's World Magazine. As a commentator on television regarding the business of the industry and pop culture, Jacquie's appearances include Fox Reality, Good Day New York, Fox, ABC Family, CBS's Big Shot Live, TV Guide Channel, CBS Evening News, FX and countless radio shows. Jacquie is a graduate of the University of Delaware, with a B.A. in Communications and a minor in theater.
She currently resides in Los Angeles spending her free time practicing yoga and raising awareness around animal neglect.


text:
Past six days
RED BOX | COMMENT
We must step up to tackle the public health crisis caused by air pollution
Andy Street
Wednesday June 20 2018, 12.01am, The Times
Birmingham, 1874: a bustling industrial city exporting goods around the world, cradle of new technology, and centre of prosperity and civic confidence. But with that rapid economic growth came smoke, sewage and pollution, and their noxious effects on public health.
"Don't wear yourself out over the sewage question", Joseph Chamberlain, the lord mayor of Birmingham, was told by a friend. But he stepped up and tackled the issue, overseeing civic works on a grand scale, building aqueducts from the Elan Valley in Wales to bring fresh water into the city.
Today we are seeing the renaissance of the West Midlands, with more jobs being created here than in any other region, a trade surplus with China and businesses such as HSBC UK choosing to relocate


text:
\section{Problem Formulation and Physical Model}

\section{The General Quasi-physical Model}
Among the current best approaches, researchers build a quasi-physical model to address this continuous optimization problem \cite{Huang2003b,HE201826}. Regard the container as a rigid hollow item (denoted as item ``0") fixed at the origin, and each circle $i$ as a movable elastic circular item $i$. There will be some elastic potential energy if any two elastic items overlap,
or an item overlaps with the border of the container
Then we can calculate the elastic potential energy for a layout configuration $X$,
and if we reduce the potential energy by some gradient descent method, there will be less overlapping among the items

\textbf{Definition 1} \textit{Overlap Depth}. There are two kinds of overlap, circle-circle overlap and circle-container overlap. The circle-circle overlap depth is defined as:
\vspace{-0.5em}
\begin{equation}
d_{ij}=\max\left(2-\sqrt{(x_i-x_j)^2+(y_i-y_j)^2},0\right),
\end{equation}
where $i \not= j$. And the circle-container overlap depth is defined as:
\vspace{-0.5em}
\begin{equation}
d_{0i}=\max\left(\sqrt{x_i^2+y_i^2}+1-R,0\right).
\end{equation}

\textbf{Definition 2} \textit{Elastic Potential Energy}. The elastic potential energy of the items is proportional to the square of the overlap depth. The potential energy $U_i$ of circle $i$ is defined as
$U_i = \sum_{j=0,j\not=i}^{n}d_{ij}^2$.
And the total potential energy $U(X)$ is
$U(X) = \sum_{i=1}^n U_i$.

Obviously, the total energy $U \ge 0$ for any layout configuration. $U=0$ if and only if $X$ is a feasible layout, i.e. $U$ is a global minimal potential.
Thus, for a fixed $R$, we minimize $U$ as the objective function so as to find a feasible solution.
\subsection{Stochastic Item Descent Method}
For the local search procedure, we randomly select items as a mini-batch and use the classical BFGS~\cite{liu1989limited} algorithm for gradient descent.
The main idea of BFGS is to use the gradient information of the objective function $U$ to approximate the inverse of Hessian matrix rather than to calculate the second-order derivative at each iteration.

For simplicity, we use $X^s$ to denote the layout of a subset of unit circles, and $U^s$ is the corresponding elastic potential energy function of this set of circles. The complementary set of $X^s$ is denoted as $X^c$. The BFGS iteration for minimizing the potential energy $U^s$ has the form:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq1}
X^s_{k+1} \leftarrow X^s_k - \alpha_k H_{k} g_{k},
\end{equation}
in which $X^s_k$ is the layout configuration at iteration $k$, $g_{k}$ is the gradient of $U^s$ at $X^s_k$, $H_{k}$ is a positive definite  approximation of $\nabla^{2}U^s(X^s_k)^{-1}$ and $\alpha_{k}$ is the step length (learning rate) at each iteration, defined in Eq. (\ref{eq2}). $H_{k}$ is updated dynamically by Eq. (\ref{eq3}), in which $I$ is the identity matrix and $u_k$, $v_{k}$ are defined in Eq. (\ref{eq4}).
\begin{equation}
\label{eq2}
\alpha_k = \mathop{\arg\min}_{\alpha \in R^+} U^s(X^s_k-\alpha H_k g_k)
\end{equation}
\vspace{-0.5em}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq4}
u_k = X^s_{k+1} - X^s_k, ~~~
v_k = g_{k+1} - g_k{}
\end{equation}
\vspace{-0.8em}
\begin{equation}
\label{eq3}
H_{k+1} = \left(I-\frac{v_k u_k^T}{u_k^T v_k}\right)^T H_k
\left(I-\frac{v_k u_k^T}{u_k^T v_k}\right) + \frac{u_k u_k^T}{u_k^T v_k}
\end{equation}

Based on above definitions, we design a local BFGS algorithm, Algorithm \ref{alg1}, for optimizing the potential for circles in $X^s$, while other circles in $X^c$ are all fixed in the algorithm.

\begin{algorithm}[htbp]
\caption{Local BFGS Algorithm}
\label{alg1}
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\renewcommand{\algorithmicrequire}{\textbf{Input:}}
\renewcommand{\algorithmicensure}{\textbf{Output:}}
\REQUIRE ~~\\A layout for a subset of circles $X^s$;
           \\Container radius $R$.
\ENSURE ~~\\A local minimum layout $X^{s*}$
\STATE iteration step $k \leftarrow 0$;
\STATE $X^s_k \leftarrow X$;
\STATE $H_k \leftarrow I$;
\STATE calculate $g_k$;
\WHILE {$k\le MaxIterNum$}
	\STATE calculate $\alpha_k$ by Eq. (\ref{eq2});
	\STATE calculate $X^s_{k+1}$ by Eq. (\ref{eq1}) ;

	\IF {$U^s \le 10^{-20}$ or $\|g_k\| \le 10^{-10}$}
		\RETURN layout $X^s_{k+1}$ as $X^{s*}$;
	\ENDIF
	\STATE calculate $g_{k+1}$;
	\STATE calculate $u_k, v_k, H_{k+1}$ by Eq. (\ref{eq4}) and (\ref{eq3});

	\STATE $k \leftarrow k+1$;
\ENDWHILE
\RETURN layout $X^s_k$ as $X^{s*}$.
\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}

Combining the random selection of batches on unit circles with local BFGS algorithm, we have our stochastic item descent algorithm (SIDM).
The specific idea is to randomly select a subset of circles at each time, and call local BFGS on this subset to get a locally better layout. Then we continue to randomly select another batch of circles in the remaining set and repeat such operation until all the circles have been selected in a batch. This is equivalent to a random grouping of all circles for one round of iteration, the number of circles per group is recorded as $s$ (except for the last group), and the local BFGS algorithm is called iteratively for each group

If we continue do another random grouping on the circles at the next round of iteration and run BFGS iteratively for each group again,
then after $k$ rounds of iterations, it is probably that the potential energy of the whole system is still relatively high.
Therefore, we consider reducing the number of groups for each round, which means the number of circles in each group increases. The local BFGS algorithm is still applied to reduce the potential energy of each group. We need to go through $k/2$ rounds until all circles are in one group in the end,
in which case we run the local BFGS for the whole system. As the overall packing is already relatively good, a local minimum packing layout can be quickly obtained.
The reason why we do not choose a fixed group size but increase $s$ gradually is that small fixed group size may cause oscillation during the iterations like stochastic gradient descent for neural network training, making it hard for the potential energy to converge to a local minimum.
The pseudo code of the entire process is in Algorithm \ref{alg2}.

\begin{algorithm}[htbp]
\caption{Stochastic Item Descent Method}
\label{alg2}
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\renewcommand{\algorithmicrequire}{\textbf{Input:}}{}
\renewcommand{\algorithmicensure}{\textbf{Output:}}
\REQUIRE ~~\\A layout configuration $X$;
           \\Container radius $R$.
\ENSURE ~~\\A local minimum layout $X^*$.
\STATE $s \leftarrow 100$;
\STATE $k \leftarrow 10$;
\STATE $g \leftarrow \lfloor \frac{n}{s} \rfloor$;
\WHILE {$g \ge 1$}
	\FOR {$i = 1$ to $k$}
		\STATE randomly select $s$ circles as a group, with a total of $g$ groups;
		\STATE run Algorithm \ref{alg1} for each group;
		\IF {$U \le 10^{-20}$}
			\RETURN current layout as the $X^*$;
		\ENDIF
	\ENDFOR
	\STATE $s \leftarrow \min(s * 2,n)$;
	\STATE $k \leftarrow \max(\lfloor \frac{k}{2} \rfloor, 1)$;
	\STATE $g \leftarrow \lfloor \frac{n}{s} \rfloor$;
\ENDWHILE
\RETURN current layout as $X^*$.
\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}

The selection of the group size $s$ has an impact on the algorithm efficiency. We experimentally tested on two instances of $n=300$ and $n=400$ with various group sizes $s=50, 60, 70, ..., 150$.
We compare the average running time of 10 runs that reach local minimum layout. The results are illustrated in Figure \ref{fig2}, in which we see $s=100$ is the best

\subsection{Basin-hopping and Global Search}
The stochastic item descent usually obtains a local minimum layout or a saddle point in many cases and can not guarantee the elastic potential energy of the whole system to be small enough, aka a feasible layout may not be found. In such case, we need to consider appropriate basin-hopping strategy to help the current configuration jump out of the local optimum at the same time have a better chance to move toward the global optimum.

The shrinking strategy has a good impact on the layout with dense inner packing and sparse outer packing~\cite{HE201826}. Intuitively, if we make circles near the container center denser and make more use of the inner space, we may obtain a better layout.
In order to get a global optimal layout, we often need to run the basin-hopping strategy multiple times. QPQH uses an identical shrinking scale for each initial shrinking radius. In practice, as the number of hops increases, it is unnecessary to squeeze the circle too far inside, and the circles near the boundary still need more precise adjustment because they are more scattered and irregular.
Therefore, we adapt and improve the basin-hopping strategy of QPQH~\cite{HE201826} by shrinking the radius of the container more flexibly.

\begin{figure}[htbp]
\centering
\vspace{-1em}
\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{fig1.png}
\caption{Comparison on the average running time of 10 runs of SIDM to find a good group size.}
\vspace{-0.5em}
\label{fig2}
\end{figure}

The coordinates of all circles are fixed and the container radius is reduced by a factor of $\gamma$ ($0 < \gamma < 1$): $R = \gamma R_0$, where $R_0$ in the initial container radius and $\gamma$ is defined as:
\vspace{-0.5em}
\begin{equation}
\label{cal_gamma}
\gamma =\alpha + \beta \cdot hops + \frac{1 - \alpha- \beta \cdot hops}{m}k,
\end{equation}
in which $\alpha$ is the initial shrinking scale of the container radius, $hops$ is the times of running basin-hopping procedure, $\beta$ is the factor corresponding to $hops$ that adjusts the shrinking scale during the iterations, $m$ is the number of generated new layouts and $k$ varies form $0, 1, 2$ to $m-1$. Then we run stochastic item descent to reach a new layout.

 If $\alpha$ is too small, all the circles will converge to the center of the container and most dense packing will be broken severely. If $\alpha$ is too large, there is little impact by shrinking the container radius. If $\beta$ is too small/large, the shrinking scale of each basin-hopping increases too slowly/quickly during the iteration. Besides, if $m$ is too small, the probability of generating new layouts with high quality is small; if $m$ is too large, it is very slow to generate $m$ new layouts.

 The values are chosen empirically: $\alpha = 0.4$, $\beta = 0.03$ and $m=10$.

\begin{algorithm}[htbp]
\caption{Global Search Procedure}
\label{alg4}
\begin{algorithmic}[1]
\renewcommand{\algorithmicrequire}{\textbf{Input:}}
\renewcommand{\algorithmicensure}{\textbf{Output:}}
\REQUIRE ~~\\The container radius $R_0$.
\ENSURE ~~\\A global or local minimum layout.
\STATE randomly generate an initial layout;
\STATE run SIDM to obtain an updated layout $X$;
\STATE $X^* \leftarrow X$;
\STATE $hops \leftarrow 0$;
\WHILE {$U(X^*) > 10^{-20}$ and time limit is not reached}
	\FOR {$k=0$ to $9$}
		\STATE calculate $\gamma$ by Eq. (\ref{cal_gamma});
		\STATE $R \leftarrow \gamma R_0$;
		\STATE run SIDM on layout $X^*$ with radius $R$ to generate a new layout, denoted as $X_k$;
		\STATE run SIDM on $X_k$ with radius $R_0$;
	\ENDFOR
	\IF {$\mathop{\min}_{k} U(X_k)<U(X^*)$}
		\STATE $X^* \leftarrow \mathop{\arg\min}_{k} U(X_k)$;
	\ENDIF
	\STATE $hops \leftarrow (hops + 1) \mod \lfloor\frac{1-\alpha}{\beta}\rfloor$;
\ENDWHILE
\RETURN current layout $X^*$;
\end{algorithmic}
\end{algorithm}

Combining the local search procedure with the basin-hopping procedure, we have the global search algorithm, Algorithm \ref{alg4}, that finds a feasible layout in a fixed container. It is initialized with a random layout. Then we run stochastic item descent to obtain a local minimum layout and then use the basin-hopping procedure to generate $10$ new layouts. We continue run SIDM on these packing patterns and if some packing is better than the current local minimum packing, we update the current packing. The algorithm terminates when a global minimum layout is obtained or the time limit is reached.
To show the key feature of the proposed method, we still denote the overall algorithm as SIDM.

\subsection{Complexity Analysis}
This subsection compares the time complexity and space complexity of BFGS algorithm and local BFGS algorithm. For a fair comparison, we consider the complexity for one iteration of BFGS that all circle items update their positions once, and $m$ iterations of local BFGS where $m$ is the batch size so all the circle positions are also updated once.

Each iteration of BFGS algorithm (Simply regard $X^s$ as the layout of all circles) calculates the step length $\alpha$ by Eq. (\ref{eq2}), new layout by (\ref{eq1}), new gradient and Hessian matrix by Eq. (\ref{eq1}), and the time complexities are $O(nlog(\frac{len}{\epsilon}))$, $O(n^2)$, $O(n)$ and $O(n^2)$, respectively. Here $len$ is the length of real number interval in the line search, $\epsilon$ is the searching precision, and $nlog(\frac{len}{\epsilon})$ is the time complexity of the line search algorithm. Thus, the total time complexity is $O(nlog(\frac{len}{\epsilon}) + n^2)$. The memory mainly used by BFGS algorithm is to store the Hessian matrix, thus the space complexity is $O(n^2)$.

The time complexity and space complexity for each batch of local BFGS algorithm are similar to BFGS algorithm, which are $O(\frac{n}{m}log(\frac{len}{\epsilon}) + (\frac{n}{m})^2)$
and $O((\frac{n}{m})^2)$. So for $m$ batches of local BFGS,
the time complexity is $m$ times of the complexity of a single batch of local BFGS algorithm, i.e., $O(nlog(\frac{len}{\epsilon}) + \frac{n^2}{m})$, and the space complexity is $O(\frac{n^2}{m})$.

The time complexity of BFGS and $m$ batches of local BFGS is mainly decided by the second term, which are $O(n^2)$ and $O(\frac{n^2}{m})$, respectively.
The time complexity of BFGS is $m$ times of the $m$ batches of local BFGS. And obviously, the space complexity of BFGS is also $m$ times of the $m$ batches of local BFGS.

Therefore, We can conclude that SIDM using local BFGS search is more efficient than BFGS search from a complexity analysis point of view.

\subsection{Experimental Setup}
SIDM is programmed in C++ programming language and implemented in Visual Studio 2017 IDE. All experiments are carried out using a personal computer with 2.5GHz CPU and 8GB RAM.
Table \ref{tbl1} lists the key parameters of SIDM.

\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Key parameters of the SIDM algorithm.}
\label{tbl1}
\vspace{-0.5em}
\begin{tabular}{lll}
\hline
Parameter & Description & Value \\
\hline
$s$ & Initial group size & $100$ \\
$\alpha$ & Initial shrinking factor & $0.4$ \\
$\beta$ & Shrinking scale growing factor & $0.03$ \\
$m$	& Number of new layouts & $10$ \\
\hline
\vspace{-1em}
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\subsection{Computational Results}
Our purpose is to evaluate whether SIDM can find a global minimum layout efficiently using the reported container radius on packomania as the fixed container radius.

We first compare results on instances of $n=200, 210,...,320$ between SIDM and QPQH (we use the version that the container radius is fixed). We run both algorithms for five times respectively, and show the average running time of reaching a feasible pattern in Table \ref{tbl2}.
We also show the comparison in Figure \ref{fig5} to have an intuitive observation.
The average running time of the two algorithms is close when the number of circles is small in 200 to 250.
But as the number of circles increases, SIDM behaves more efficiently than QPQH.

Then, for 15 instances of $n=100, 200, ..., 1500$, we randomly place $n$ circles in the container and run the overall SIDM algorithm.
We will stop the search when a global minimum layout is found, or the maximum time limit of 15 hours is reached. For each instance, we run SIDM 10 times to reduce the impact of randomness.
The results listed in Table \ref{tbl3} show that SIDM can find the global minimum layout except for $n=1400$.
The hit count indicates the number of successful times for 10 times of running, and the time indicates the average running time for successful runs.

\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Comparison on average running time.}
\vspace{-0.5em}
\label{tbl2}
\begin{tabular}{cccc
\hline
$n$ & $R_0$ & QPQH (s) & SIDM (s) \\
\hline
200&	15.4632748785&	\textbf{1250}&	1668	\\
210&	15.8792012772&	2412&	\textbf{1945}	\\
220&	16.2253735494&	\textbf{1690}&	2047	\\
230&	16.5964300724&	\textbf{865}	&	1912	\\
240&	16.8971658948&	\textbf{1960}&	2560	\\
250&	17.2629622393&	2697&	\textbf{1867}	\\
260&	17.6049551932&	4617&	\textbf{2897}	\\
270&	17.8872656677&	6712&	\textbf{2976}	\\
280&	18.2472267427&	5478&	\textbf{3125}	\\
290&	18.5493750704&	3782&	\textbf{2698}	\\
300&	18.8135833638&	7153&	\textbf{4211}	\\
310&	19.1848594632&	8274&	\textbf{5712}	\\
320&	19.4562307640&	8397&	\textbf{4987}	\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace{-0.5em}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}[h]
\vspace{-1em}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{fig4.png}
\caption{Comparison on average running time of QPQH and SIDM.}
\vspace{-0.2em}
\label{fig5}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Experimental results for $n=100,200,...,1500$.}
\vspace{-0.5em}
\label{tbl3}
\begin{tabular}{cccr}
\hline
$n$ & $R_0$ & Hit count & Time (s) \\
\hline
100 &	11.0821497243 &	1/10	&	2562	\\
200 &	15.4632748785 &	8/10	&	1772	\\
300	& 	18.8135833638	&	7/10	&	4326 	\\
400	&	21.6895717951	&	7/10	& 	7921 	\\
500 & 	24.1329376240	&	6/10	&	9865	\\
600	&	26.4274162694	&	4/10	&	16372	\\
700	&	28.4958443164	&	5/10	&	12369	\\
800	&	30.4212133790	&	3/10	&	15893	\\
900	&	32.2330843545	&	1/10	&	13715	\\
1000&	33.9571409147	&	1/10	&	21735	\\
1100&	35.6161932968	&	2/10	&	19816	\\
1200&	37.1121608416	&	1/10	&	34682	\\
1300&	38.6047666608	&	2/10	&	28871	\\
1400&	40.0604065845 &	0/10 &	------	\\
1500&	41.4126836805 &   1/10 &	41286	\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\vspace{-0.5em}
\end{table}

The experimental results indicate that with the increase on number of circles, in most cases SIDM can find a feasible layout,
and the running time increases almost linearly (2562 for $n=100$, $2562\cdot 15 = 38430$, 41286 for $n=1500$).
By comparison, QPQH can not output any feasible results for $n = 400, 500, ...,1500$ within the time limit.

\section{Introduction}
\label{010intro}
\input{010intro}

\vspace{-0.5em}
\section{Related Work}
\label{011rela}
\input{011rela}

\vspace{-0.5em}
\section{Problem Formulation}
\label{020problem}
\input{020problem}

\vspace{-0.5em}
\section{The Proposed SIDM Algorithm}
\label{030alg}
\input{030alg}

\vspace{-0.5em}
\section{Experimental Results}
\label{040exp}
\input{040exp}

\vspace{-0.5em}
\section{Conclusion}
\label{050con}
\input{050con}

\bibliographystyle{named}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Q: How to build Li-ion over-discharge protection board I have an Arduino board with a pump attached to it, and for powering both, I'm using a 18650 battery cell with a DC-DC Boost Converter. I plan to leave it working even when I'm not home, and I know that if the battery over discharges, there will be trouble, so I would like to design an over-discharge protection board.
I can see from this video that it is not a big deal to build one, however, I don't have a battery alarm buzzer. Is there any way to build such a protection board without that part?
Or is there any simpler way to build such a circuit with the components that I have: a relay (JQC-3F(T73)), some diodes (N4007 type), capacitors(22, 47 and 100uF) a potentiometer, a bunch of resistances (from 1mΩ to 51 kΩ) and transistors (PNP-8550, NPN-8050 and IRF520).
I'm attaching the scheme given by the person that made the video:

A: You probably don't need this answer anymore but maybe for future reference.
Available on the Arduino, actually the atmega chip is a bandgap voltage. Basically the chip produces a fairly stable and linear(ish) voltage reference of about 1.1v (it will vary a bit due to temp etc)
This allows you to compare your supply voltage against this reference, without any external components at all just using your Arduino. So a software only solution can be implemented. I've used this on attiny85's.

A: Since you have a 5 V relay (which appears to have a 2.2 V drop off voltage) you might be able to do this:

simulate this circuit – Schematic created using CircuitLab
This will only work if:

*

*the relay will latch on with a little bit less than 5 V (most relays will)

*the relay will switch off at around 3 V

You have to close sw1 to start the thing up. You could use a piece of wire instead of a switch.
The relay coil will keep itself powered as long as the battery has enough voltage. When the battery voltage drops too low, the relay will fall off and switch off everything.
Do note that this is still a "hack" solution, when powered the relay will draw current and thus slowly (in a couple of days perhaps) discharge the battery.

A: Forget doing it with the handful of components you have. You need a fairly accurate voltage reference, a comparator, and a switch. Each of these you can test separately and know what you're getting.
OK you could use one of your transistors and the relay as the switch. And you could use the forward voltage of four diodes as a crude and inaccurate voltage reference, and roll your own comparator using a long-tailed pair (differential amplifier) made out of more of those transistors. I'll not go into the details here, I'd need to write a book chapter to cover it properly, including what you'd need to do to maintain accuracy across supply voltage and temperature. But that gives you some useful search terms if you insist on doing further research.
But it'll consume a lot more power, be less accurate, and a lot more work than the purpose-built board. Which probably provides overcurrent and overcharge protection too.
Alternatively, use an analog input channel on the Arduino to read the voltage, make the decision and hold in the relay. Getting it started when the Arduino is off is an interesting problem though : maybe a pushbutton across the relay switch as in Bimpelrekkie's answer. Hold it long enough for the Arduino to boot and drive the relay coil if the measurement voltage is good.