This guest blog post was written by Rick Slaugenhaupt, a consultant for MAVERICK Technologies. This is Part 1 of Rick's blog series on standards-based design.
Current trends in automation point to a disruptive, but necessary advancement of the capabilities of businesses to process or manufacture goods for a world market. With global markets come global competition — and that competition means if you can't supply a customer's desire, someone else will. Market insight can help to predict what the customer wants before they ask, and when properly applied, can significantly reduce or eliminate the lag between customer demand and saleable product. Nevertheless, you can't expect to always know ahead of time exactly what a customer desires, so successful companies must be able to adapt quickly to keep up with rapidly changing markets and customers that demand a diverse range of options.
The bar has been raised for producers who want to succeed in this ever more competitive climate, and emerging digitalization technologies like Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), cloud computing, mobility and analytics will pave the way toward that goal. Many companies, however, see a substantial gap between their current state and what is required to even begin adopting these technologies. Furthermore, an iterative approach to implementation is often necessary for these companies to balance cash flow constraints with needed improvement efforts. Short-sighted CAPEX evaluation processes emphasize traditional objectives like simpler, cheaper and faster, which can throw aside ultimate long-term goals. What is needed to prevent this shortfall in achieving a capable foundation for the technologies described above is a surefire implementation strategy based on holistic, thoroughly conceived standards with an eye toward modularity, flexibility and ultimate sustainability.
In this two-part blog post, I will make the case that ISA standards, when blended in a comprehensive manner, can form the basis of a successful and future-proof automation strategy. Solutions which result from this approach enable the adoption of new technologies — even if that eventual adoption was not intended or planned for.
There is much talk about "smart factories" these days, the nirvana where operations, IT, supply chain and the customer all coexist in an ideal environment of information, collaboration, efficiency and reliability. This ideal may have seemed like fantasy a decade ago, but today it's a defined goal of many serious global producers. This paradigm shift in how the manufacturing world should work requires the convergence of the digital world with the physical world, and will require technical capabilities and corresponding technologies that are just beginning to take shape. Adoption of these competences will be essential to getting a place at the global table or simply living off of the crumbs.
Automation, manufacturing execution systems (MES) and product lifecycle management (PLM) all play a part in the smart factory, so each system must be well integrated with the others. Working together, these systems enable the efficient management of workers, equipment, work in process (WIP) and finished goods. Each essential part of the operations whole must be implemented in a way that accounts for the requirements of the others — unlike the silos-based method of the past. Persisting with the outdated silo approach will ensure missing out on the efficiency levels promised by the smart factory paradigm.
Another aspect of smart factories is the capturing of previously untapped worker intelligence. By integrating them into the information flow through mobile devices and wireless networks, these on-the-floor assets become eyes and ears to the process in a way that sensors can't. Knowledgeable workers are adept at recognizing patterns visually and audibly, but they must be integrated into the system before their potential added value can be realized.
The integrated technologies underpinning the smart factory run on data, and data is delivered by networks. This reality elevates the importance of the networking infrastructure in a facility and across the company. It's like the central nervous system of the body, connecting all the parts together in a way that enables them to function as a unit. Without it, you just have a collection of disjointed parts.
Like the nervous system, a proper networking infrastructure operates efficiently and homogeneously — even when different mechanisms are employed. Like the body uses both electrical and chemical messages for passing information, a network will utilize multiple protocols to achieve the best fit of features to function. Using mainstream protocols will minimize incompatibility problems while shoring up the enterprise network.
As stated before, the most successful producers are the ones which are truly agile enough to adapt quickly to constantly changing demands. In addition to creating a capable infrastructure, nimble automation systems play a big role in achieving operations agility, and system design dictates just how nimble those systems are. The next part of this blog will focus on how to apply ISA standards to achieve that desired agility.


California Vehicle Code 23124 VC prohibits minors, or persons under the age of 18, from using a cell phone or a handheld electronic device while driving. This includes talking on the phone, texting and typing.
There are four important points to know about Vehicle Code 23124.
The only exception to the law is when a minor must use a cell phone or electric device because of an emergency.
A fine for a violation can range from $20.00 to $50.00, plus court costs and assessments.
There are legal defenses available. This means minors can challenge a ticket for using a cell phone or device while driving. However, it's best if a minor, or his parent or guardian, get the help from an attorney if fighting a ticket.
A minor cannot disregard tickets for violating Vehicle Code 23124 VC. If a minor ignores a ticket, he could get charged with a new law, failure to appear, per California Vehicle Code 40508. Failure to appear may be charged as a misdemeanor.
California Vehicle Code 23124 VC specifically applies to persons under the age of 18.1 For laws on adult use of cell phones and devices while driving, please see our page on Vehicle Code 23123 and Vehicle Code 23123.5.
Gives an exception to the basic law.
This means an officer can only stop a minor if the officer observes the minor using a cell phone or wireless device. The officer cannot stop a minor for the purpose of trying to verify, or conclude, that a minor is using a cell phone or device.
This section does not apply to a person using a wireless telephone or a mobile service device for emergency purposes, including, but not limited to, an emergency call to a law enforcement agency, health care provider, fire department, or other emergency services agency or entity.
The penalty for violating VC 23124 is a base fine of $20.00 for a first offense and $50.00 for each offense thereafter.
There are typically two penalties for drivers that receive a traffic ticket. These are: (1) a fine; and, (2) points are put on the driver's driving record.
However, a violation of Vehicle Code 23124 does not result in points assessed on a minor's DMV driving record.6 This is a good thing since points typically result in an increase in a driver's insurance rates for several years.
We must also note that a problem arises when a driver accumulates too many points on his driving record. If a motorist accumulates a certain number of points within a 1-,2- or 3-year period in California, the DMV can declare that person a negligent operator. If this is done, the DMV can suspend or even revoke that person's driving privileges. Either action requires a California DMV hearing.
Minors that receive a cell phone ticket in California can challenge the ticket and plead not guilty. If this happens, the minor must raise a legal defense on his behalf. If this is done, though, it's best for the minor, or his parent or guardian, to consult with an attorney.
The officer was not authorized to stop the minor, pursuant to Vehicle Code 23124 (d).
The vehicle was not moving.
Drivers – both minors and adults – can challenge traffic tickets in California. But, it's recommended that minors consult with an attorney if they chose to contest a cell phone ticket.
A driver represented by a lawyer does not have to go to court. The motorist's attorney can go on his behalf.
Minors that receive a ticket for using a cell phone or device while driving do not have to attend traffic school.
There are no criminal charges for violations of VC 23124. This is because it's not a crime in California if a minor uses a cell phone or device while driving.
Violations of Vehicle Code 23124 VC are infractions under California law; and, violators are not subject to incarceration or other criminal penalties.
The minor may receive penalties for violating VC 40508.
Upon receiving a traffic ticket in California, a driver is obligated to sign a written promise to appear in court.
A driver that violates Vehicle Code 23124 may cause – or get involved in – an accident with another motorist. If the motorist later files a personal injury lawsuit against the driver, the driver may be found "negligent."
8. The effect of a VC 23124 violation on a personal injury lawsuit?
California law defines "negligence" as the failure to use reasonable care to prevent harm to oneself or to others. Regarding auto accidents, negligent drivers are at fault for the accident and may also have to pay for any damages caused.
Please note that California law allows injured parties to file lawsuits against a minor's parents or guardians for injuries caused by a minor's negligence in car accidents.13 Thus, negligence matters in such accidents, even if injuries were caused by a minor.
This means a driver would be negligent per se for causing an accident while using a cell phone or device since he would be in violation of Vehicle Code 23124.
9. Laws related to Vehicle Code 23124 VC.
According to Vehicle Code 21453(a), California drivers must stop at red lights.
Penalties for violating California's speeding laws will typically include a fine and points assessed on the motorist's driving record.
The exact amount of a speeding ticket, though, will depend on the speed at which the driver was driving.
Please not the above amounts are base fines. The actual cost of a ticket will be significantly higher, as it will also include fees and penalty assessments.
California has a series of laws on improper passing and overtaking vehicles found in Vehicle Code Sections 21750-21759 VC.
If you or someone you know has been cited for violating Vehicle Code 23124 VC, or has been injured in an accident in California, we invite you to contact us for a free consultation.
California Vehicle Code 23124 (a) VC.
California Vehicle Code 23124 (d) VC.
See California Vehicle Code section 17707.


A touching wonderful film, that has all the strength of a great stage play enhanced by a truly cinematic adaptation. Wonderful performances all around, especially from the children. It just opened here, if it's playing where you are, take the time to see it, and give us your thoughts.


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To work with the Specification staff, interface with R&D and Supply Chain personnel in a manner as to support Specification Management team to deliver projects and programs.
Works independently to support the SMT team in the execution of projects and other Information System work plans.
Perform various data entry tasks, and data pulls from R&D Information Systems.
Actively participate with other team members working in R&D SMT Systems for complex R&D and Supply Chain initiatives involving specification systems.
Develop reports and spreadsheets to communicate new formulas and specifications.
Communicate effectively to members of immediate team, other corporate functional groups and Unilever plants & 3PM sites.
Meeting critical deadlines by maintaining order and structure in a multi-tasked work flow.
Maintaining active communications with Project Teams and other SMT team members in a manner that supports work flow and deadlines.
Learning new concepts quickly with minimal instruction and with a "take charge" approach.
BS in science: Food Science, Biology, Chemistry, Nutrition degrees preferred.
Must have strong organizational skills and able to work well in a fast paced corporate environment, independently and as part of a team.
Multi-tasking of responsibilities is key to the success of this position.
Strong working relationships in a team environment is a must.
Ability to prioritize workload to meet strict project deadlines.
Must have basic knowledge of Microsoft Office (specifically MS Excel).
Knowledge of SAP and/or other manufacturing systems.


text:
WaPos's Froomkin: Times endorses Bush
Well, maybe not on the editorial page. But what other interpretation should we put on this mystifying behavior?
[The] New York Times [has] some bad polling news for the president.
"Support for the war in Iraq has eroded substantially over the past several months, and Americans are increasingly critical of the way President Bush is handling the conflict, according to the latest New York Times/CBS News Poll," they write.
Bush's approval rating "now stands at 46 percent, the lowest level of his presidency in The Times/CBS News Poll, down from 71 percent last March and a high of 89 percent just after the terrorist attacks on Sept. 11, 2001."
In fact, Bush's disapproval rating of 47 percent is now higher than his approval rating.
There's lots more numbers and a graphic on the Web site.
But is the Times trying to defuse its own bombshell? An unsigned sidebar explains how its poll compares to other recent ones -- and why. In short: "The New York Times/CBS News Poll's main findings were consistent with trends in some other recent polls but somewhat more negative for Mr. Bush." But "in statistical terms" they're "virtually the same."
(via WaPo)
Looks like another cheap attempt at fake "balance" to me. Fact: Bush's approval rating sucks (anti-Bush). Interpretation: The fact doesn't matter (pro-Bush). But let's remember Okrent's Law (back):
The pursuit of balance can create imbalance, because sometimes something is true.
Question: When is the Times going to pursue what is true? Liberals have the facts on our side, we have nothing to fear from this!)
Answer: Not as long as Kit "Performing" Seelye, Judith "Kneepads" Miller, and Jodi Will-Whore-'Em are on the job ....
link to this post - by Lambert : 9:34 PM |

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Why a Free, Stable and Prosperous Ukraine Still Matters
US-UA Working Group Yearly Forum:
Providing Ukraine with an Annual Report Card
Thomas O. Melia
Keynote remarks by Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Thomas Melia, delivered during US-UA Working Group Yearly Forum:
Providing Ukraine with an Annual Report Card, Washington, DC, June 20, 2013.
It is a pleasure to be here today. I thank the organizers-Walter Zaryckyj , the American Foreign Policy Center and the Center for US-Ukrainian Relations-for inviting me to speak on: "Why a Free, Stable and Prosperous Ukraine Still Matters."
To begin, I'd like to note that the topic is not to discuss the question "does" a free, stable and prosperous Ukraine matter, or "should" a free, stable and prosperous Ukraine matter? I think those questions have been unequivocally answered over the course of Ukraine's two decades of independence.
To put it succinctly: Ukraine, a large and important European state, which is strong, independent, and stable is-to borrow a phrase coined by Sherman Garnett-is "the keystone in the arch" of a Europe whole, free and at peace.
The U.S. commitment to supporting the aspirations of the Ukrainian people to build a prosperous European democracy is underscored by the size of our overall assistance program-approximately $104 million last year, despite reduced budgets globally.
More than four years ago, under previous administrations in both countries, then Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice reaffirmed Ukraine's key importance, together with the parameters and foundation of our bilateral ties, by signing the U.S. – Ukraine Charter on Strategic Partnership in December 2008 with her Ukrainian counterpart.
The Charter has endured through changes of government in both countries, and is the basis for our cooperation on a number of vital issues ranging from security and nuclear nonproliferation, military cooperation, international peacekeeping, to democracy, human rights, the rule of law, media freedom, economic development, and energy independence.
In fact, many of the same issues that are being discussed and assessed here today by distinguished experts and friends of Ukraine. I like to include myself in the latter group, having now visited Ukraine five times in my current capacity, and co-chairing five meetings of our bilateral "Democracy and Rule of Law Working Group," which last met in February in Washington.
To begin, I'll speak about some of the current issues facing Ukraine, especially ahead of the much-anticipated Eastern Partnership Summit in November in Vilnius.
First, we are likely to soon have a new U.S. Ambassador in Kyiv. Ambassador-designate Geoff Pyatt yesterday completed his Foreign Relations Committee hearing. Should he be confirmed by the U.S Senate, I know Geoff will be an excellent envoy to Ukraine following in the foot-steps of Ambassador John Tefft.
As Geoff stated in his testimony, he will continue to build upon our strategic partnership with Ukraine to realize the potential we see in our bilateral relationship, and to help fulfill the aspirations of the Ukrainian people to establish a democratic, strong, prosperous, and European state.
I worked with Geoff over the past couple of years in his capacity as P/DAS of the South and Central Asian Bureau. He will bring many years of diplomatic experience to his new posting, and I look forward to working with him as closely as I have with Ambassador Tefft on the important and challenging issues of democracy and human rights, which Ukraine continues to grapple with.
Speaking of Ambassador Tefft, I'd like to congratulate him as winner of the State Department's 2012 Diplomacy for Human Rights Award, which recognizes a U.S. Chief of Mission who has demonstrated extraordinary commitment to defending human rights and advancing democratic principles.
Given the outstanding work Ambassador Tefft has done during that past three years on behalf of the Ukrainian people and the U.S. Government-and prior to that in his previous assignments as Ambassador to Georgia and Lithuania-it's hard to imagine a more deserving diplomat for his collaborative, effective, and sustained efforts to strengthen and promote democracy, human rights, and the rule of law in Ukraine.
Second, is Ukraine's continuing integration into Europe-which we is the U.S. Government strongly support. While Ukraine has achieved much with regard to a number of political, social and economic reforms, there is still more work ahead for Ukraine to fulfill the EU's conditions to sign an Association Agreement together with the Deep and Comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (DCFTA).
Four months ago, at the conclusion of the EU-Ukraine Summit in February, the EU set three broad conditions for moving forward to sign the Agreements: ending politically-motivated prosecutions; appropriate follow-up on completing the 2012 parliamentary elections; and substantial progress on previously agreed-to economic and political reforms.
The U.S. position on politically motivated prosecutions, and on the case of former Prime Minister Tymoshenko"s immediate release, is well known. She ought to be released today -as called for in U.S. Senate Resolution 165, which was introduced last week by Senator Durbin.
For my remarks today, I would like to focus on Ukraine"s progress in the two other areas identified by the EU.
Let me first reiterate, however, that the decision on whether to sign the Association Agreement rests with the EU and its 27 – soon to be 28 – member states, and not with the United States. For our part, we continue to encourage Ukraine to meet the EU"s conditions for signing the Agreement.
For the purpose of measuring Ukraine"s progress in implementing essential reforms, today's Forum is particularly helpful.
Follow-up on the 2012 Parliamentary elections: I'll begin with the unfinished business from the October 2012 Parliamentary elections. Following the vote, we shared the view of most international observers that the Parliamentary elections constituted "a step backward" compared even to other recent national elections in Ukraine, and we urged Ukrainian authorities to fully implement the OSCE's recommendations for electoral reform.
While voting was peaceful, the election campaign was characterized by the lack of a level playing field, caused primarily by the abuse of government resources to favor ruling party candidates, a lack of balanced media coverage, and fraud and falsification in the vote-counting process.
Today, the controversy over five disputed single mandate districts remains unresolved in that no definitive date has been set for the re-vote. Debate continues in parliament about whether the re-vote will take place in August or in October – nearly one full year after the national elections.
But this debate does not even include the re-voting in three other single mandate districts to replace MPs who were stripped of their mandates in March by the Supreme Administrative Court for alleged "conflict of interest" with their duties as members of parliament because they held jobs in addition to their positions in parliament.
Two were independent MPs, who reportedly rebuffed invitations to join the government faction, and the third was Serhiy Vlasenko, an adviser to Yulia Tymoshenko who was for a time denied the right to travel outside the county.
Taken together, these actions create an atmosphere that inhibits political competition and freedom of expression.
One might also say these are additional examples of selective political prosecutions in as much as other MP's clearly have jobs and economic interests, which could also be construed as posing conflicts of interests.
Ukraine"s OSCE Chairmanship: As OSCE Chairman-in-Office, Ukraine has focused intently on securing progress in the protracted conflicts, particularly in Transnistria, and has advanced work on human trafficking and non-proliferation, among other issues.
As Chair-in-Office, we look to Ukraine to lead not only on the issues it has identified for collective work by the OSCE and its participating States this year, but also to demonstrate leadership through its implementation of core OSCE commitments, on the rule of law and democratic elections. We have raised the issue of ongoing problems of selective prosecutions many times with the Government of Ukraine, most recently when Secretary Kerry met Ukrainian Foreign Minister Kozhara in May here in Washington.
We have also stressed that a critical element of Ukraine"s stewardship of the OSCE must be a focus on protecting and preserving the Organization, its institutions and field missions. This is an ongoing challenge that will require strong leadership on Ukraine"s part. OSCE Missions in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan will be especially important to continue.
Legal and Judicial Reform: We continue to encourage Ukraine with its efforts to reform the judicial system. While the new Criminal Procedure Code, which went became effective last November is very good on paper, it remains incomplete without effective implementation, which requires that it be accompanied by reform of the Soviet-era Prosecutor"s system.
A dark cloud looming in the background is the "Law on National Referendum," enacted last year with little public discussion, which could move Ukraine even further away from its democratic commitments.
The Venice Commission and independent observers have raised concerns that the law violates existing constitutional provisions and imposes restrictions on free speech. These groups have also raised questions about transparency and fairness in administration of referenda under the new law.
And some have expressed concern that the new referendum process might be used to alter the electoral system.
Social Issues, Media Freedom: While many outlets for alternative, independent views still exist, the media in Ukraine in general have become less competitive, as dominance by the state and oligarchs friendly to the authorities– both national and local– has grown.
Aggressive, critical reporting is being stifled and a constricted advertising market makes it extremely difficult for independent newspapers and broadcasters to survive.
International media monitors, including Reporters Without Borders, Freedom House, and the International Press Institute have all expressed concern during the past year about media freedom in Ukraine-including attacks on May 18 on two Ukrainian journalists who were covering a rally in Kyiv.
We are also concerned by proposed legislation in Parliament that would severely restrict freedom of expression and association for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) individuals, and that legislation on a new Freedom of Assembly law has still not been finalized.
These are but a few of the issues that we continue to raise and discuss in our ongoing contacts with the Ukrainian Government, and in meetings of the bilateral "Democracy and Rule of Law Working Group," which I co-chair on the U.S. side.
Economic and political reforms: With regard to the EU's last condition-substantial progress on agreed-to economic and political reforms-there is virtually no disagreement that Ukraine's business and foreign investment climate has been weakened by pervasive corruption, a lack of transparency, and questions about the fairness of the court system.
However, as in other areas reform, much more needs to be done by Ukrainians both in and out of government to advance the rule of law, the protection of intellectual property rights, and investor rights.
So to circle back to the notion I posed at the outset, has Ukraine made sufficient progress on the EU's conditions on the 2012 parliamentary elections and on economic and political reforms to sign the Association Agreement in November?
Again, that is a question for the EU and its member states to answer. Ukrainian authorities are working hard to "get to yes" on the Association Agreement and the DCFTA. Just last week President Yanukovych reiterated at the Summit of Head of Central European States that Ukraine's desire to become a part of Europe is unchanged.
We hope Ukraine"s government will ultimately decide to match words and deeds by meeting all of the EU"s conditions for signing the Agreement.
Ukraine has vast economic potential. We will continue to urge Ukraine to implement economic reforms and address democracy and rule of law concerns, in order to open up the full range of opportunities available to it, including European integration and foreign investment.
As I and others have stated on many occasions, democracy and economic development go hand in hand. And our best and most effective partners are countries that adhere to the rule of law, have open political systems, free media and open markets that allow people to prosper.
In closing I'd like to cite remarks made in 2000 by former President Clinton in Kyiv's Saint Michael's Square. It captures the essence of our enduring partnership with Ukraine as it transitions to a stable, free and prosperous democracy.
President Clinton said, "America will stand by you as you fight for a free and prosperous future…I cannot tell you how to build your future, but I do believe this: I believe Ukraine has the best opportunity in a thousand years to achieve both freedom and prosperity. You are on your way… All you need now is to stay on course and pick up speed. Open the economy; strengthen the rule of law; promote civil society; protect the free press; break the grip of corruption…You must use your freedom to make sure you and your children prosper in peace. America is your friend and your partner."
In other words, Ukraine, help us to help you. We will continue to provide our active support, but Ukraine's success in signing the Association Agreement and the DCFTA will ultimately depend-as always-on the choices and actions of the Ukrainian people. Thank you.
Home » Why a Free, Stable and Prosperous Ukraine Still Matters


Effective communication is a core clinical skill which can be taught. Communication skills training is dependant upon adept facilitation by trained facilitators. There is a dearth of literature addressing facilitator training. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a three-day Training the Trainers course in its ability to change participants' confidence in facilitating an advanced 3 day communication skills course for senior healthcare professionals in cancer care (ACST).
the participants' level of confidence. The secondary outcome was the course evaluation.
There was a significant increase in total confidence scores from 6.5 pre-course to 7.9 post-course (t=9.9, p<0.001). Forty-eight (91%) participants had improved confidence scores, 1 the same and 4 had worse. The course was well evaluated.
A Comparative Study of Mucinous and Serous Adenocarcinomas of the Ovary: Are they the same disease?


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Der Begriff Cash-Pooling oder Liquiditätsbündelung ( und ) bezeichnet einen konzerninternen Liquiditätsausgleich durch ein zentrales, meist von der Konzernobergesellschaft übernommenes Finanzmanagement, das den Konzernunternehmen überschüssige Liquidität entzieht bzw. Liquiditätsunterdeckungen durch Kredite ausgleicht. Es ist ein Element des Cash Managements. Wegen des Fremdvergleichsgrundsatzes (-Prinzip) werden für die konzerninternen Geldanlagen bzw. Kreditaufnahmen geldmarktangenäherte Zinsen (allerdings ohne die Gewinnmargen der Banken) berechnet.

Technisch wird hierzu bei der Obergesellschaft ein zentraler "Master Account" geführt, der sowohl die Geldanlagen als auch die Kreditaufnahmen der Tochtergesellschaften verwaltet. Erst wenn der konzerninterne Liquiditätsausgleich zur Erhaltung der Zahlungsfähigkeit nicht ausreicht, erfolgt ein Zugriff auf externe Geld- und Kapitalmärkte etwa bei Banken. Bilanziell erfolgt bei den Tochtergesellschaften im Falle von Geldanlagen ein Aktivtausch (statt "Forderungen aus Bankguthaben": "Konzernforderungen"), bei Kreditaufnahmen je nach Verwendung der aufgenommenen Mittel entweder ein Passivtausch (bei der Verwendung zur Tilgung externer Schulden – statt "Bankverbindlichkeiten": "Konzernverbindlichkeiten") oder eine Aktiv-Passiv-Mehrung (bei der Kreditaufnahme zum Zweck der Tätigung von Investitionen – mehr Verbindlichkeiten, mehr Vermögen).

Echtes und unechtes Cash-Pooling

Echtes "physisches" Cash-Pooling

Die Zinsoptimierung wird durch die tatsächliche Überweisung der Geldmittel zwischen dem "Master Account" und den einzelnen Nebenkonten der Konzerntöchter erzielt. Man spricht in diesem Zusammenhang auch vom physischen Cash-Pooling oder .

Unechtes Cash-Pooling
Die Zinsoptimierung wird durch die fiktive Gegenverrechnung der valutarischen Salden der Nebenkonten erreicht. Es erfolgt kein effektiver Übertrag der Salden auf das Hauptkonto. Es werden lediglich die Salden der Nebenkonten fiktiv kompensiert und die Zinsen am Hauptkonto effektiv berechnet. Diese Art des Cash-Poolings wird auch  genannt. Eine erweiterte Variante dieses Poolings erlaubt das Verbinden von verschiedenen Währungen, ohne dass Gelder physisch fließen und das Transaktionsrisiko der Währungen damit ausgeschaltet ist bei gleichzeitiger Zinsoptimierung.

Rechtliche Aspekte

Im Falle der Geldanlagen besitzt die Tochtergesellschaft gegen die Muttergesellschaft einen Rückzahlungsanspruch, den sie jedoch erst bei Austritt aus dem Cash-Pooling geltend machen kann. Solange sie Mitglied im Pool bleibt, entsteht eine kontokorrentähnliche Aufrechnungslage. Diese Abreden werden erst problematisch, wenn bei Mutter- und/oder Tochtergesellschaft eine finanzielle Krise beginnt.

Rechtsentwicklung

Ein charakteristisches Beispiel für die Unterschiede in der Rechtsentwicklung ist der Grundsatz der Kapitalerhaltung in Deutschland und in Österreich. Ausgehend von der "Bremer Vulkan"-Entscheidung des Bundesgerichtshofs in Deutschland wurden immer strengere Anforderungen an die Zulässigkeit von Krediten innerhalb eines Konzerns aufgestellt. Hier hatte der BGH bereits das bestehende Cash-Pooling scharf kritisiert. Am 24. November 2003 brachte eine weitere BGH-Entscheidung vordergründig eine weitere Verschärfung der Kapitalerhaltungsregeln bei der GmbH. Der oben beschriebene, zeitlich hinausgezögerte schuldrechtliche Rückzahlungsanspruch einer GmbH gegen den "Master Account" bei der Muttergesellschaft genügte dem höchsten deutschen Gericht nicht. Diese restriktive, gläubigerschützende Haltung zeigte sich auch in zwei weiteren Urteilen vom 16. Januar 2006, in denen der BGH festgestellt hat, dass der gesellschaftsrechtliche Grundsatz der realen Kapitalaufbringung auch im Cash-Pool-System gilt. Der BGH droht beim Cash-Pooling den GmbH-Gesellschaftern mit der Inanspruchnahme aus  GmbHG, während sich Geschäftsführer nach  GmbHG schadensersatzpflichtig machen können. Dies erschwert oder verhindert gar die Kapitalaufbringung für eine Gesellschaft in einem Cash-Pool-Konzern.

Zudem setzen die beim Cash-Pooling-Verfahren in Deutschland vorhandenen Möglichkeiten der Insolvenzanfechtung die Gläubiger einer Gesellschaft, die am Cash-Pooling-Verfahren teilnimmt, einem erhöhten Risiko aus, vom Cash-Pool-Konzern erhaltene Zahlungen zurückgewähren zu müssen.

Diese rechtlichen Hindernisse eines wirtschaftlich sinnvollen Systems wurden durch das am 1. November 2008 in Kraft getretene Gesetz zur Modernisierung des GmbH-Rechts und zur Bekämpfung von Missbräuchen weitgehend beseitigt. Es billigt ausdrücklich das Cash-Pooling, wenn der Rückgewähranspruch der Tochtergesellschaft vollwertig und liquide (jederzeit fällig) ist ( Abs. 1 Satz 2 GmbHG). Ferner ist im Rahmen der Kapitalaufbringung nunmehr zulässig, dass die Tochtergesellschaft dem Gesellschafter die von ihm erbrachte Einlage wieder zurückzahlen darf, wenn der Rückgewähranspruch der Gesellschaft vollwertig und liquide ist. Ist er es nicht, haftet weiterhin der Geschäftsführer ( GmbHG). Er haftet auch, wenn er auszahlt und später das Darlehen nicht nach  BGB fristlos kündigt und vom Gesellschafter zurückfordert, wenn sich dessen Vermögensverhältnisse verschlechtern.

In Österreich ist inzwischen das Eigenkapitalersatz-Gesetz (EKEG) in Kraft getreten, das wenigstens einige Leitlinien dafür gibt, wie Cash-Pooling auch in der Krise eines Konzerns betrieben werden kann. Das Verhältnis zwischen Eigenkapitalersatz-Recht und dem vom Obersten Gerichtshof (OGH) fortentwickelten Verbot der Einlagenrückgewähr ("Fehringer-Entscheidung") bleibt aber in Österreich weiterhin unklar.

Erfahrungen mit Cash-Pooling in den letzten Jahren haben gezeigt, dass die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für grenzüberschreitende Cash-Management-Systeme nicht einmal innerhalb der Europäischen Union ausreichend harmonisiert sind. Dazu kommt, dass in den Rechtssystemen der meisten neuen Mitgliedsstaaten die für Cash-Pooling wesentlichen Rechtsgebiete noch nicht so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass eindeutige Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung eines Cash-Pools möglich sind. Lediglich in Westeuropa sind sowohl lokale wie auch grenzüberschreitende Cash-Pools bereits ständige Praxis, wenngleich auch hier auf die jeweiligen lokalen Besonderheiten aus dem Steuer- und Gesellschaftsrecht zu achten ist.

In der Praxis konnte diese Rechtsunsicherheit den Siegeszug des Cash-Pooling nicht aufhalten. Das Bedürfnis der meisten Konzerne nach einem funktionierenden Cash-Management war in vielen Fällen wichtiger als die eindeutige Klärung aller Rechtsfragen. Oft mögen auch die faktischen Machtverhältnisse in einem Konzern entscheidend für die Einführung und Ausgestaltung des Cash-Pooling gewesen sein. Dennoch: Einige Grundregeln sollten bei jedem Cash-Pooling beachtet werden.

Wichtigste Grundregeln

 Die Vertragsgestaltung muss ausgewogen sein – sowohl im Verhältnis zur Bank als auch zwischen den Pool-Gesellschaften.
 Der Cash-Pool muss transparent sein – regelmäßige Berichterstattung und Einsichtsrechte für alle Pool-Gesellschaften sind notwendig.
 Für alle Pool-Gesellschaften müssen Kreditlimits und Konditionen festgelegt und laufend angepasst werden.
 Vor der Einführung eines Cash-Pooling sollten die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen für jede einzelne Pool-Gesellschaft geprüft werden.
 Der Cash-Pool muss das -Prinzip beachten (siehe Artikel Fremdvergleichsgrundsatz)

Erfolgreiche Einführung

In der Einführungsphase hat sich bewährt, Fragebögen an alle künftigen Pool-Teilnehmer auszusenden und einen Workshop zu veranstalten, in dem Aufbau und Funktionsweise des Cash-Pooling erläutert werden. Fragen, die dabei oft gestellt werden, beziehen sich auf die Vor- und Nachteile für jede Pool-Gesellschaft, die persönliche Haftung der Geschäftsführer, die Staffelung der Soll- und Habenzinsen, die Bewertung der Bonität innerhalb des Cash-Pooling usw. Werden diese Fragen befriedigend beantwortet, steht der erfolgreichen Einführung eines Cash-Pooling nichts im Wege.

Vorteile
 Optimale Allokation der internen liquiden Mittel und damit maximale Reduzierung des Fremdkapitals
 zentraler Überblick über die Liquidität der Konzernunternehmen
 Zinsoptimierung durch konzerninterne Geldanlage/Kreditbereitstellung
 Zinsoptimierung durch zentrales Kreditmanagement
 Bankkredite werden geschont

Risiken
 Klumpenrisiko durch fehlende Streuung
 Erhöhung abstrakter Insolvenzrisiken
 Verlust der wirtschaftlichen Unabhängigkeit von Tochtergesellschaften
 Erfordernis aufwendiger Überwachung und Steuerung

Offene Fragen

Während in Deutschland die Änderung des GmbH-Gesetzes ein Cash-Pooling weitgehend wieder zulässt, gibt es in Österreich einige Rechtsbereiche, in denen derzeit keine befriedigenden Antworten zum Thema Cash-Pooling gegeben werden können. Dazu gehören etwa die Fragen der Bankkonzession oder die Vermeidung von Beratungsgebühren. Die richtige Konstruktion des Cash-Pooling ist entscheidend dafür, ob diese Rechtsunsicherheiten zu Schwierigkeiten führen.

Literatur

Deutsche Literatur:

Österreichische Literatur:

Schweizer Literatur:

Einzelnachweise

Finanzierung

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


UECLAA has acquires two new artworks at the second PINTA Modern and Contemporary Latin American Art Show in London. UECLAA was academic partner for London PINTA at Earls Court Exhibition Centre for the second year running. UECLAA purchased important pieces with the support of the show's Museums Acquisition Programme.


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Home Movie Reviews Judge Dredd Movie Review
Judge Dredd Movie Review
Judge Dredd, the ultimate tough-as-nails lawman from comic books, makes it to the silver screen. Big comic book fan, my first response was, this better be good, as a matter of fact, this better is awesome, or it's going to fall flat on its face.
Review by SAndman
Director: Danny Cannon
characters: John Wagner and Carlos Ezquerra
story: Michael De Luca and William Wisher Jr.
screenplay: William Wisher Jr. and Steven E. de Souza
Sylvester Stallone as Judge Dredd
Armand Assante as Rico
Diane Lane as Judge Hershey
Max von Sydow as Judge Fargo
Jurgen Prochnow as Judge Griffin
Rob Schneider as Fergie
Judge Dredd: I am the law! Put down your weapons and prepare to be judged.
Needless to say, my reservations turned out to be justified. The studio basically took a great character and class-act story and tore it down to a pitiable less-than-mediocre movie. Ugh!
In the third millennium, the earth was devastated by ecological and political upheaval. Climate changed and the whole planet turned into a blasted scorched region called "the cursed earth". Men were crammed into a few Mega Cities while those who remained outside became known as "the lawless". A case in point is the infamous Angel family (check out the cyborg Mean!).
Soon the law inside the cities collapsed as bands of criminals prowled the streets. At that point, the new type of law enforcement came center stage – a highly trained elite force called the Judges. They acted as the police, jury, and executioner.
As the movie opens a riot is underway. A city block is taken by criminals who are shooting up the adjacent streets and buildings. Judge Hershey and a judge who goes by a rookie arrive at the scene and are presently pinned down by the gunfire. They call for reinforcement. Judge Dredd arrives at the scene and promptly pacifies the rioters.
However, not everyone is happy with this turn of events. A news anchor reporting from the scene questions the excessive use of force and makes a pointed comment whether this kind of policing is but a shape of things to come – state oppression perpetrated on the public by the chosen few.
The Council of Judges, the supreme authority in Mega-City, dismiss these accusations, though they strike an unpleasant chord in the minds of some members of the council, especially Judge Fargo, Dredd's mentor, and friend, and appoint Dredd a post at the Judge Academy where he is to teach ethics to the students.
While teaching class at the academy Dredd expounds on his view of the role of a judge. The lecture provides a glimpse into his mindset. Judge Hershey, who overhears his lecture, is appalled. She reproaches Dredd for his austere outlook. She thinks Dredd is wrong in believing that he had to sever himself from all human contact in order to serve a higher purpose – that of upholding law and order.
However, the events that unfold soon put Dredd's devotion to law to a test. The news anchor is assassinated in his apartment and DNA testing points to Judge Dredd. He is brought before the Council of Judges and tried. The Council is facing difficult options because the future of the law in Mega-City is riding with this case.
But the truth could be even uglier. Dredd soon realizes that his only hope to vindicate himself and preserve the rule of law in Mega-City rests with the so-called Janus project.
Okay, that was the better part of the movie. But everything else speaks of such tasteless and dim-witted handling of the material of which none of the actors had either understanding or preference. The relations and conflicts between the characters follow the same million times seen boring predictable patterns.
The characters come across as shallow as it gets. Big shiny hero turned outcast turned avenger turned savior. The nerdy sidekick and the idealistic gal in uniform who dotes on Dredd.
The wise and benevolent fatherly figure who takes the heat for Dredd and eventually gets to save the life of his best student. The psychopathic villain with (check this out) a pronounced lisp. I don't know what rationale went into this but that has to be one of Armand Assante's worst parts ever. But what aggravates me the most is Judge Dredd's uniform.
His outfit is absolutely hilarious, brash plastic insignia both awfully tacky and utterly unconvincing, a knobby puff-breasted eagle perched on his shoulder, knee-tall thick-soled boots, a gold chain running from his collar to the perky badge on his chest. He looks positively camp. Any creepy homophobe's image of any gay bar's patron afflicted with a hopelessly bad taste in clothes.
On top of it, the Dredd in the movie takes his helmet off! The whole point of the character from the comic books is that he never takes the helmet off. He is always this mysterious hunk, with a jaw so chiseled that it looked like you could use it to smash through a concrete wall, who mercilessly dispenses justice to anyone crazy enough to mess with the law in his back yard. And the mask thing was part of his mystique. But no, they just had to go and blow it.
And it doesn't help to resort to some traditional science fiction motifs involving post-apocalypse and dystopia. A lousy movie is just that. And there's no saving it. The best thing you can say of Judge Dredd is that once you've seen you'll have no trouble forgetting it.
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Hunger statistics and click bait rant.
I have a bit of a issue with an article came out a while ago on Cracked.com titled, "6 Insane True Statistics That Laugh In The Face of Logic". While the title is total click-bait, and I recognize that, it still makes me angry. Statistics don't laugh in the face of logic. The fact that statistics are logical is kind of the whole point of mathematics. Perhaps they are not intuitive and/or not obvious, but they are certainly logical.
The article has several examples of probability & statistics brain teasers that most students will see in an undergraduate Intro to Probability course. This article could have been titled, "6 unintuitive examples your professor will use to stump you on an exam". I also think it could be called, "A statisticians take on Hunger Games". Let's look at the "Insane True Statistics" they cover through the lens of someone who has taken a few math classes.
1. Probability Dictates that "miracles" are routine.
The odds of me winning the lottery twice in a row are tiny (especially since I don't buy tickets). But the odds of someone winning the lottery twice in a row are pretty good. The odds of Katniss's little sister being pulled into the Hunger Games were small (she only had one token in the bowl after all). But the odds that someone from district 12 was going to the Hunger Games are 100%. Sample Size is important. With a large enough sample, lots of things with small probability will happen.
Did you ever hear the idea that if you put enough monkeys in a room with enough typewriters that eventually they will produce Hamlet? Theoretically, if one ignores all the tasks of training/feeding monkeys, would this be possible?
2. The odds of two people sharing a birthday in a small group is almost a certainty.
This is a feature that happens in groups due to the fact that there are only 365 days a year. It has to do with Independent vs Dependent variables. It has a wikipedia page. I have nothing else to add.
The solution to this is Conditional Probability. If you know the definition of conditionally probability, you too can compute this.
Here too, the solution is to use Conditional Probability. As it turns out, conditional probability is a great source of non-intuitive puzzles. But thankfully, mathematics has rules for this kind of thing and statisticians figured this stuff out a long time ago. Back to de Moivre in in the 18th Century or perhaps even Pascal and Fermat in in the 17th Century. So I'm not sure if this should really "laugh in the face of logic". Perhaps it merely laughs in the face of people who haven't seen conditional probability. But that seems like a far cry from fundamentally deposing logic! While these problems are not obvious, I believe that they are totally solvable with persistence.
5. Pi can be calculated by randomly dropping a bunch of paper clips.
Okay, I admit, this one is awesome and seemingly magical even when you understand what is happening. This is true and a very cool experiment called Buffon's Needle! In my Intro to Probability class, I did an equivalent experiment by dropping toothpicks onto a grid. I remember completing a big, complicated proof to show that it really was pi. Advanced note: If you are working your way towards an undergraduate math major (or maybe you already have one) can prove the relationship using a probability density function and double integrals.
6. Lastly, when you shuffle a deck of cards, you're creating a sequence that has never existed before.
This is a problem that you might consider at the beginning of a statistics course. Understanding how many combinations or permutations a certain set of objects can have is integral to doing probability and statistics. Unlike the odds in problem #1, the number of possibilities is really really big. So while you can't truly "prove" that it has never existed before, the odds are ever in your favor.
So the next time you are stuck in the middle of a statistics or probability course and frustrated with the unintuitive nature of the problems. Don't worry. The entire rest of the world is with you. And mathematicians have been thinking about this stuff for a long time. So while it may not feel intuitive, it's definitely logical.
This entry was posted in Belief in Math, Learning and Teaching Math and tagged Conditional Probability, Learning, Probability. Bookmark the permalink.


1.) Music 2.) Lady & Guitar 3.) Mrs. Leavitt Lange, Dorothea n.d.
Gunlock, Irrigation Ditch Lange, Dorothea n.d.
Signs and Symbols-Sorghum Lange, Dorothea n.d.
Toquerville, Riley Savage II & Granddaughter Lange, Dorothea n.d.
Unknown (Berkeley) Lange, Dorothea n.d.
Unknown (Depression era) Lange, Dorothea n.d.
Unknown (Pakistan) Lange, Dorothea n.d.
Unknown (rocks, landscape) Lange, Dorothea n.d.
Unknown (St. George, Utah) Lange, Dorothea n.d.
Landscape as Fiction Larson, William n.d.
Untitled Lazorik, Wayne R. n.d.
Untitled, from the "Project 2" portfolio Lee, Terry n.d.
Untitled (wall with wire) Leideitchikov n.d.
Untitled (wood wall/wires) Leideitchikov n.d.
Untitled, from a Year in Chicago's Grant Park Lekovsis, Peter n.d.
L1166 (group of seven men smiling at the camera) Levinstein, Leon n.d.
LL1065 (band of seven musicians playing in the street) Levinstein, Leon n.d.
LL1156 (line of people walking in the street, men in front, women in back) Levinstein, Leon n.d.
LL1169 (three men crawling) Levinstein, Leon n.d.
LL1183 (group of women, three holding platters with food) Levinstein, Leon n.d.
LL1195 (long line of naked men walking through street) Levinstein, Leon n.d.
LL12004 (long line of naked men seen from behind) Levinstein, Leon n.d.
LL1213 (People and netting beds lining street) Levinstein, Leon n.d.
Untitled, from the "Wild West" series Levinthal, David n.d.
Unknown, from the Farm Families Project Lieberman, Archie n.d.
Rear View Linehan, James n.d.
Auditorium Building, Chicago Loginsky, A. n.d.
Harmoonia (stoned creek and building) Lokk, Meelis n.d.
Karula Koolimaja (interior graffitti) Lokk, Meelis n.d.
174 Chambers Lyon, Danny n.d.
82 Beekman, Cast Iron Front Lyon, Danny n.d.


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What China's 14th Five-Year Plan means for higher education
TNN | Posted on Tuesday, November 9,2021 16:26
The latest Five-Year Plan's push to strengthen partnerships between higher education and industry will further innovation, say experts of an international university in China
China's newest Five-Year Plan provides insight into the future of higher education in China, claim experts at Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University (XJTLU), a Sino-foreign joint venture university. Kicked off this year, this is the 14th of these strategic plans the Chinese central government has issued since 1953 to guide the country's social and economic development.
"The 14th Five-Year plan will significantly impact the higher education sector. It indicates future directions, key topics, strategic measures, policies, and regulations," says professor Youmin Xi, executive president of XJTLU.
The plan's key emphasis is on strengthening the country's capacity to innovate. As part of that strategy, it recommends increased partnership between industry and higher education. This move builds on prior successes, says Stuart Perrin, professor of XJTLU.
"China is at the cutting-edge of innovation, and its economy is leading the world's recovery post-pandemic," he says. "One reason for China taking the world stage is the high level of cooperation between innovation-driven industry and higher education."
As the associate principal of XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), professor Perrin speaks from experience. The College is the product of a new education model XJTLU initiated more than four years ago – preceding the government's new recommendations – that features industry partnerships at its heart.
Paradigm shift response
The University introduced this model with an eye toward educating tomorrow's industrial leaders who can thrive in an era driven by AI- and robotic-enabled innovations, explains professor Xi.
"We are living in a connected, digitalised world, which has resulted in a paradigm shift. Education must reflect these changes. Future leaders will need to draw on a combination of both academic knowledge and a full understanding of their specific industry," he says.
"By combining academic knowledge with management and entrepreneurial training, we have created a new, customised system to cultivate high-end and global-minded talents with on-the-ground experience," he adds.
Xi says he is not surprised XJTLU's industry partnership development precedes the recent government emphasis. "We are a future-oriented educator. We are not a mainstream university in China, which is why we have room to explore and can move quickly."
How Chinese and international graduates benefit
XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang) industry-focussed academic programmes' partnerships with reputed domestic and international companies provide advantages to students from China and beyond.
"Industry worldwide is pursuing technology innovation and transformation, which echoes the development background of XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang). We are nurturing graduates who are international and industry elites, prepared for career development and postgraduate studies in the global industry," says Perrin.
The College's future-oriented programmes benefit not only Chinese but also international students, he says. "Our graduates' knowledge and skills will underpin the advancement and further innovation of industry within China and beyond, as well as influencing the future of industry and policymaking.
"Entrepreneurial minors teach students the skills that will enable them to help stimulate their home economies once they graduate. In addition, both domestic and international students get valuable experience working within Chinese industry giants like Sugon and Alicloud during internships. These experiences forge links and networks that will prove to be mutually beneficial for years to come," he adds.
Part of a bigger picture
Xiaojun Zhang, executive dean of XJTLU's Academy of Future Education, says the Five-Year Plan's recommendations for education are part of something larger. "China has been pursuing a systematic reform in higher education since 2018," he says. "The old education model can no longer meet society's requirements for modern talents. Education reform is necessary and inevitable."
The University leaders put forward their views in advance of the XJTLU Communications and Media Reception 2021, scheduled for November 10, onsite at the University.
Increasing international enrolments
According to Kirsty Mattinson, head of XJTLU Global, the University seeks to increase its enrolment of international students, including those from India.
XJTLU offers an entry scholarship of up to 50 % of the tuition fee per year for international undergraduate students, based on academic excellence. In addition, international applicants can apply for scholarships to study XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang) industry-leadership programmes (refer to https://www.xjtlu.edu.cn/en/admissions/global/fees-and-scholarship for more details). The XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang) new campus, northwest of Shanghai, opens in the summer of 2022. The first-round application deadline is November 30, 2021, with a final deadline of June 15, 2022. XJTLU also offers competitive scholarships for master's and PhD students.
The latest Five-Year Plan's push to strengthen partnerships between higher education and industry wi
Taiwan is moving forward through online courses
Final year students should directly contact enrolled universities for details, writes Peters Chen
Japanese support for Indian students continues post-Covid
International students were allowed to join courses in Japan by October/November 2020, after entry r
What China's 14th Five-Year Plan means for higher education ...
The latest Five-Year Plan's push to strengthen partnerships between higher education and industry will further innovatio ...
Taiwan opens border for international students ...
According to guidelines issued by Central Epidemic Command Center (CECC), international students who are granted entry ...
Japanese support for Indian students continues post-Covid ...
International students were allowed to join courses in Japan by October/November 2020, after entry restrictions for stud ...
Study Abroad: How Taiwan is promoting blended learning ...
Educational institutes in Taiwan are making strategic attempt to change the contour and landscape of international mobi ...


text:
Q: PHP's mysqli_real_escape_string equivalent in Google Apps Script What is the PHP's mysqli_real_escape_string equivalent in Google Apps Script?

A: EDIT
This might be what you're looking for:
What is the equivalent javascript code for php's mysql_real_escape_string()?

Google Apps Script is based on Javascript and by virtue of that lineage you have the following options at your disposal:

*

*encodeURIComponent

*encodeURI
They may not grant you exact parity with PHP's mysqli_real_escape_string but they should get you close to what you need.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Love it or hate it, Amazon's Certified Frustration-Free Packaging storefront A storefront is the page Amazon u... More is still there. But ten years in the making, FFP is as elusive as ever. If you want to improve your customers' out-of-box experience but FP is a head-scratcher, here's what you need to know.
The 'Everything Store' is all about customer satisfaction. But shiny and colourful packaging doesn't influence online shoppers' feedbackA performance rating on a scale of 1 to ... More or buying behaviour much. So, Amazon came up with Frustration-Free Packaging to reduce waste, costs, and wrap rage.
You may remember Jeff Bezos' 2008 letter describing the multi-year Frustration-Free Program (FFP) to customers. The original 2008 FFP video was promising, and the 2013 follow-up letter hailed it as a great success.
Then came our blog post, 7 Years of Frustration-Free Packaging, where we announced that FFP had extended to the UK. Fast-forward to 2018, and both the US and the UK storefronts are still up and going strong. So, if you want to jump on the bandwagon, here's what you should know about FFP.
Who can enrol products into the FFP program?
As this help page on Certified Frustration-Free Packaging shows, certification is a matter between Amazon and the brand owner. More specifically, it applies to vendors (manufacturers and distributors) and authorized sellers only.
Products with FFP certified packaging have their own listing, and only vendors and authorized sellers can use the corresponding ASIN. Since they're restricted Selling certain product categorie... More, these listings give them an edge over the competition and exclusivity on the Buy BoxThis refers to the situation where a sel... More.
How do customers know it's certified FFP?
The Certified Frustration-Free label isn't compulsory, but Amazon's logos are. If you choose to use it, it's very likely to impact buyer feedbackA performance rating on a scale of 1 to ... More. But FFP certification can also influence buyer decision, because it's mentioned on the product detail page, as seen below.
Is FFP certification granted automatically?
Just because you're an authorized reseller and the manufacturer already ships FFP certified products to you doesn't mean you can go ahead and forward your inventory to Amazon. According to Amazon's FFP guidelines, you need permission from the manufacturer or brand owner to sell the FFP ASIN specifically.
After you gain permission, Amazon would still need to review your packaging and your documentation. Keep in mind that if you receive certification, you must never change the packaging in any way without the brand owner and Amazon's knowledge.
Can sellers produce their own FFP packaging?
There's nothing in the guidelines that forbids sellers from designing their own FFP-eligible packaging – that we know of. Provided you have the brand owner's permission, you are an authorized reseller, and you work with Amazon to make sure your packaging complies with the guidelines, you should be able to enroll the packaging in the program.
How long will FFP certification take?
You should expect the whole process to take at least two months with your first product. That's mainly because it's unlikely that you'll get it right the first time round, so there's bound to be some back-and-forth until everything's perfect.
FFP, SIOC, PFP, and ECR. What's the difference?
These are all packaging certifications given by Amazon, and they're all different. Amazon currently has two packaging certification programs, FFP and ERC. As seen below, FFC is a three-tier program with certifications granted based on these four tenets: Easy-to-Open, Protective, Low Waste, and Cost Effective.
tier 1 Frustration- Free Packaging (FFP) if it's easy to open, curbside recyclable, shipped without an Amazon overbox (low waste), and requiring minimal packaging.
E-commerce Ready Packaging (ECR) is the second program. It only includes packaging without windows or cutouts that can be shipped by courier in its original container, but without a certification seal. Like PFP, it's not easy to open, low waste or recyclable.
it can save manufacturers money on packaging (no wire ties, no plastic bindings, no clamshell casings).
all contents can be taken out in less than 2 minutes (the easy-to-open tenet).
highly-gifted and expensive items need an outer box regardless of certification.
1. Before you enrol, you need to carry out some preliminary testing using the ISTA 6-Amazon.com test method. Test report templates, instructional videos, and plenty of other material on vibration and drop tests is available on the About Amazon Testing page.
2. When you're satisfied with the results, find the product in the Amazon catalog and fill in the online enrollment form.
3. You need to confirm that your packaging adheres to guidelines and that you'll only sell your item as 'New'. You can find barcode, transit testing, labelling, sealing, and box design requirements in the Packaging Certification Guidelines and the FFP Certification Guidelines.
4. You'll then be asked to upload some documents. Amazon will need at least two photos of your product, one displaying the seal at the top or front, and the other showing the barcode. You also need to upload some authorization letters and other documents. If you're featured as an authorized reseller on the manufacturer's website, you need to point Amazon to that page with a valid URL.
5. Then you need the green light from the Amazon Packaging Certification Lab or an ISTA certified lab. Crucially, you should never ship an enrolled item to the Amazon testing lab before Amazon confirms it's ready to receive it, or you risk decertifying that ASIN altogether. When the lab comes back with results that comply with the guidelines, you can launch your product on the FFP storefront.
That's pretty much it. If you plan to send the packaged product to an ISTA certified lab rather than Amazon, click here to find one near you. For further help testing your packaging, ISTA testing standards can be found on the official ISTA website.
We hope you manage to get on top of your FFP certification and live to tell the tale. Speaking of which, if you'd like to share some of your FFP insights in the comment section below, we're sure our readers will appreciate it as much as we do.
Melanie takes an active interest in all things Amazon. She keeps an eye on the latest developments and keeps Amazon sellers up to speed.


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Downtown Ironwood
Home to the Historic Ironwood Theatre, Depot Park, Ironwood Area Historical Society Museum, Ironwood Memorial Building, Ironwood Carnegie Library, Michigan's Iron Belle Trailhead, and award winning parks. Enjoy your day in downtown with many shops, food establishments, and events.
Downtown Ironwood is the cultural, artistic, recreational, historical, heart of the Western U.P. Bolstered by great shopping and dining experiences, people congregate here all year long. Enjoy a show at the Historic Ironwood theatre, take in an art exhibit at the Downtown Art Place, go on a historical tour of the downtown, or simply shop, eat, and enjoy a nice bike ride on the Iron Belle Trail.
Downtown Ironwood is full of places to enjoy, relax, or hang out! Grab a sandwich or a drink and enjoy the quant picturesque downtown. Click here to view Breweries, Coffee Shops, & Local Hangouts.
Michigan's Iron Belle Trail
Click here to view the trail map.
Depot Park in downtown Ironwood serves as the Upper Peninsula trail-head.
The Michigan's Iron Belle Trail is a non motorized paved path that begins at the Michigan/Wisconsin border (Montreal River) and goes all the way until Ramsay, Michigan. The next phase of the trail will connect Ramsay to Wakefield, Michigan.
Jump on the longest designated state trail in the nation as you hike or bike your way between Belle Isle Park in Detroit and Ironwood in the Upper Peninsula. Explore pristine forests, pass cool rivers and visit charming towns, and find out why Michigan is known as "The Trails State." The 1,273-mile hiking route (69 % complete) incorporates a large portion of the existing North Country National Scenic Trail. It traverses the west side of the Lower Peninsula and borders Lake Superior in the Upper Peninsula. The 791-mile bicycle route (64 % complete) utilizes existing multi-use trails and follows US-2, a designated national bicycling route in the Upper Peninsula.
Depot Park & Museum
Built in 1892, the Chicago and Northwestern Railroad Depot was designed in the Richardson Romanesque style. It was the hub of an elaborate railroad yard operation in the center of Ironwood. As the mines closed, so too did the fortunes of the railroads, with the last iron ore trains ending in 1967 and passenger trains ending their service at the Depot in 1970. Purchased by the City of Ironwood, the Depot was refurbished by a dedicated group of volunteers, and it is now home to the Ironwood Area Historical Society and the Ironwood Area Chamber of Commerce.
Downtown City Square
The newest public park in Ironwood is the Downtown City Square. A great place to enjoy your lunch or meet up with a friend. The park boasts an ampitheatre for live concerts, splashpad for the kids, pergola with fire pit on those cold nights, mountain bike trail head, and food truck parking. Located right downtown on Aurora St.
Downtown Art Place
The mission of the Downtown Art Place (DAP) is to promote and sustain the creation and appreciation of the visual arts in the greater Ironwood area, (encompassing Gogebic and Ontonagon Counties in Michigan and Iron and Vilas Counties in Wisconsin). The DAP is also dedicated to promoting local and regional artists in its galleries, gift shop, and arts education and is committed to partnering with its neighbor, the Historic Ironwood Theatre. Visit the Downtown Art Place gallery and studios or take in one of the classes or events throughout the year.
Ironwood Carnegie Library
Ironwood Carnegie Library History Brochure Page 1
The Ironwood Carnegie Library, built in 1901 with the support of Andrew Carnegie, we are proud to be the oldest continually operating Carnegie Library in the state of Michigan and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Located in the historic downtown, our library is a beautiful historic building that has served the residents of our community for over 100 years. What makes our library unique is that it combines a rich past with the technology of the future. The library is a vital community resource that connects residents to each other and the world. Visit the old library and take a step back in time.
Ironwood Memorial Building
The Ironwood Memorial Building is a two-story Neoclassical structure built of concrete in a pentagonal shape. The first floor is raised, providing light to the basement level. The two front facades are faced in grey terra cotta and coursed stone, while the remaining elevations are faced with brick. The heavy bronze door entrances are approached with wide granite steps and are flanked by Ionic columns. Above each entrance, clocks are inset into the terra cotta. A balustrade runs around the roof edge. Multipaned windows separated by pilasters and topped with arches run around the first floor, and rectangular windows with architrave trim are used on the second.
Inside the building are municipal offices (including a court room and council chambers), community facilities, a 1,500-seat auditorium, a pool and gymnasium. The building houses 47 stained glass windows (including a number depicting the Battle of Argonne), a statue of World War I doughboy, and bronze tablets listing area men who served during the Civil War, Spanish-American War, and World War I. A mural by artist Carl Frezell depicting local iron mines was funded by the Works Progress Administration. The Ironwood Women's Club has a private clubroom in the building.
When the project is complete, the square will be a significant green space contributing to the beautification of the downtown. It will be an ideal location for community events with its extensive landscaping, solar and environmental features, outdoor seating, a location for food trucks, an outdoor fireplace for year-round use, a summer splash pad, a winter ice rink trail and sledding area, and an amphitheater for music and theater performances. The project also includes funding for street lighting through the downtown to enhance connectivity and safety.
Downtown Art Park
Developed in 2015 as part of a local crowdfunding effort, Ironwood's Downtown Art Park was established to allow for the public display of outdoor art in the heart of the downtown art district! The park is directly across the street from the Historic Ironwood Theatre, the Downtown Art Place, and Art Studios on Aurora. Also hosting musical performances, the Art Park is an important addition to the downtown cultural center.
Downtown Pocket Park
Flower Garden in the Heart of Downtown! Ironwood's Pocket Park, directly in the center of downtown Ironwood, is a beautiful place to sit, relax and enjoy the historic and vibrant downtown setting.


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Jarmusch Stooges love letter lacks danger
Dunno what all the online backlash is all about. Jim Jarmusch called his film "a love letter to the Stooges" and that's precisely what he delivered when "Gimme Danger" made its Australian debut at the Sydney International Film Festival on June 17.
"Gimme Danger" was never going to be a deep dissertation about what made the Stooges tick. Read Paul Trynka's magnificent "Open Up and Bleed" for that. It was more like a shallow duck dive into the broad history of the band. Or bobbing for apples.
I enjoyed "Gimme Danger" but this was the Stooges, dumbed-down for beginners. Or "Stooges 101" as someone later said.
On the plus side, "Gimme Danger" delivered previously unseen footage. The links were a little slapstick but, hey, this is a band that in its early days particularly was a bunch of guys with a warped and anarchic sense of humour.
Iggy's interview (surely the backbone of the film) was as lucid, witty and entertaining as any he's given. James Williamson and Scott Asheton scored major screen-time. Rock seemed visibly affected by the health problems (no, not those sorts of problems) that ultimately claimed his life. As usual, his economical utterances were on the money.
Needless to say, the soundtrack ruled.
On the other side of the ledger, there was no sustainable narrative laying out the barest of timelines. The how and why of the band re-assembling in London, tensions between old and new members caused by shifting alliances and the problems that being put into a holding pattern wreaked were less glossed over than not touched.
What about the band's revival and canonisation as one of the most important bands in the history of underground rock and roll? Getting their dues after all these years should have been up there in lights.
Sadly, Ron Asheton's insights were quite old. The Jarmusch project really didn't get up and running in earnest until after his passing. More update input from him potentially would have rounded things off nicely and given a perspective (especially in the drugged years - Ron was not part of the heroin clique) from another important angle.
Drugs inevitably got mentioned. Context and putting the Stooges into their historical perspective went by the board. The odd factual glitch (they never played with Joe Cocker, for example) crept in along the way.
One critical point in Paul Trynka's book is how and why Iggy and The Stooges slid off the edge of a place where they were poised for success and fell onto a treadmill of excess and pick-up gigs. Being strung out and strung along and surviving with no visible means of support.
The element of their music that's embodied by the film's title – Danger – was missing and that's this love letter's greatest failing.
Tags: iggy pop, stooges, scott asheton, rock action, gimme danger, jim jarmusch
Guest - Michelle
Funny, I just discovered this film on Netflix 2019. Since the dimise of Damien Lovelock all I really got out of this while watching was the power of the band ( Kent on guitar!), and the seemingly clear influence the Stooges may have had on the Rifles. LOVE
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In the previous issue of The Rhode Island Catholic I began a description of what I believe are some of the teachings of the Second Vatican Council that have been "forgotten, abandoned or undervalued" in the implementation and application of the Council.
The issues we've already mentioned include: The Hierarchical Nature of the Church; the Magisterium, the Teaching Authority of the Church; and the Primacy of the Catholic Church. Let's continue our study.
The Council also taught, however, that the ordained ministerial priesthood has a particular place and irreplaceable service in the Church. "The Lord also appointed certain men as ministers, in order that they might be united in one body in which 'all the members have not the same function' (Rom 12:4). These men held in the community of the faithful the sacred power of order, that of offering sacrifice and forgiving sins, and exercised the priestly office publicly on behalf of men and women in the name of Christ" (#2) The document also points out that because "a common interest exists between the pilot of the ship and the passengers" it is the duty of the entire Christian people to promote vocations to the priesthood, "to ensure that the Church will always have those priests who are needed for the fulfillment of its divine mission." (#11) The lesson here, then, is that all members of the Church should be able to esteem and promote the ministerial priesthood without ever feeling threatened or diminished in their own vocation and mission in the Church.
Furthermore, the Council entrusted women and men with the "noble mission of safeguarding life" and specifically prohibited artificial means of regulating birth: "In questions of birth regulation the daughters and sons of the church, faithful to these principles, are forbidden to use methods disapproved by the teaching authority of the church in its interpretation of divine law." (51) This unequivocal teaching of the Second Vatican Council would often be overlooked in the fierce debate that surrounded the promulgation of Humanae Vitae in 1968, just a few years after the Council.
In implementing these liturgical reforms, however, some members of the Church ignored other equally important directives of the Council. In so doing they've caused serious harm to the liturgy and confusion among the faithful. For example, the Council insisted that, "Regulation of the sacred liturgy depends solely on the authority of the church, that is, on the apostolic see, and in accordance with law, on the bishop." (#22) And further, "No other person whatsoever, not even a priest, may add, remove or change anything in the liturgy on their own authority." (#22) I think it's fair to say that the frequent abuse of liturgical directives after the Vatican Council, and sometimes still today, has irritated and frightened the faithful, prompting a backlash that challenges the unity of the Church and threatens ongoing efforts toward legitimate liturgical renewal.
The Council encouraged other devotions in the Church as well. "The spiritual life, however, is not limited solely to participation in the liturgy … The Christian people's devotions, provided they conform to the laws and norms of the church, are to be highly recommended." (Sacrosanctum Concilium, #12 and 13) It's clear then, that the fathers of the Council recognized that the Catholic Church wouldn't be complete without the popular devotions that add such warmth and richness to the practice of our faith.
As we conclude … I hope this survey of the forgotten teachings of the Council will be helpful. There are probably other teachings that could and should be added to the list. And as I indicated at the beginning, these lessons must be considered in their full context. That's why a complete and objective reading of the Council documents is the only way to understand the greatness and lasting impact of the Council and to avoid the imposition of personal agendas, from any perspective.
In his Apostolic Letter, Novo Millennio Ineunte (At the beginning of the New Millennium), Pope John Paul wrote of the lasting significance of the Vatican Council and the incomparable beauty of its documents.


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3 warnings and 3 advisories in effect for 28 regions in the area
Doug Padilla
Published: July 27, 2021, 12:41 AM
Updated: July 27, 2021, 2:07 AM
Tags: Jared Walsh, Antonio Senzatela, David Fletcher, Dom Nunez, Bud Black, Anthony Rendon, Raisel Iglesias, Jose Suarez, Jose Quintana, Adam Eaton, Sports, Yonathan Daza, Mike Trout, Brendan Rodgers, Yency Almonte, Jhoulys Chacin, German Marquez, Trevor Story, Max Stassi, Shohei Ohtani, Austin Gomber
Faulty heater causes fire, displaces resident from West Side home, SAFD says
Ohtani goes 7, hits RBI single as Angels top Rockies 6-2
Published: July 27, 2021, 12:41 AM Updated: July 27, 2021, 2:07 AM
Los Angeles Angels starting pitcher Shohei Ohtani throws to the plate during the first inning of a baseball game against the Colorado Rockies Monday, July 26, 2021, in Anaheim, Calif. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill)
ANAHEIM, Calif. – At least in his own manager's view, Shohei Ohtani is running away with the AL MVP award.
Ohtani pitched seven strong innings and hit an early RBI single as the Los Angeles Angels beat the Colorado Rockies 6-2 on Monday night.
In his 15th pitching start of the season and second since the All-Star break, Ohtani (5-1) gave up one run and five hits with five strikeouts. The two-way phenom has allowed a combined one run in two pitching appearances since participating in the Home Run Derby and starting on the mound in the All-Star Game at Colorado this month.
Afterward, manager Joe Maddon scoffed at the notion that Ohtani, who has a 3.04 ERA and leads the majors with 35 home runs, is somehow in a close MVP race as the final two months of the regular season approach.
"I know there are other guys having good years, but you have to stop and really analyze what's going on here," Maddon said. "There is nobody that even comes close to what he's doing. It's way imbalanced. … When people talk of (the MVP race) being close, it's not."
Jack Mayfield added a two-run homer for the Angels, his fourth of the season and third in his last five games. Raisel Iglesias worked a scoreless ninth for his 22nd save in 26 chances.
Rockies starter German Marquez, also an All-Star, kept his team close until Mayfield's seventh-inning homer. Dom Nunez and Brendan Rodgers went deep for Colorado.
Ohtani gave Los Angeles a 1-0 lead two Angels batters into the game when he rolled a broken-bat single through the infield to score David Fletcher from second base.
Ohtani then stole second and scored on Jared Walsh's one-out single for a 2-0 advantage.
After giving up three hits in the first inning, Marquez (8-8) settled down until running into trouble in the seventh. He permitted four runs (three earned) on eight hits over 6 1/3 innings with no walks and eight strikeouts.
"I felt a little tired," Marquez said about his seventh inning. "I felt a little rushed with my delivery and my arm was late. Maybe I got tired."
Ohtani cruised into the fourth before hitting Trevor Story with a pitch. Story yelled as a 97 mph fastball hit him in the back of the left hand. After being tended to by team medical personnel, he remained in the game.
In the fifth, Nunez got to Ohtani with a home run to right field on a full count.
Facing Nunez again in the seventh, Ohtani struck out the left-handed hitter on a 100 mph fastball for his last out of the game. The right-hander did not issue a walk, and his seven innings matched a season high.
"The first six innings, I was trying to keep my pitch count on the lower side so I wasn't really going for that strikeout," Ohtani said through a translator. "In the seventh inning, I knew that was going to be my last one so I was trying to go for the strikeouts. And also, he hit that homer off me on that last at-bat, so I had something left in the tank."
Mayfield, taking advantage of his playing time with third baseman Anthony Rendon on the injured list, followed Adam Eaton's infield single leading off the seventh with his home run just inside the left-field foul pole for a 4-1 lead.
"(Marquez) just hung the breaking ball and (Mayfield) hit a fly ball went right down the line," Rockies manager Bud Black said. "But I thought he held his stuff. Going into the seventh, I thought he had enough left to finish that inning. It just didn't happen for him. I've got to give those guys a little bit of credit."
Rodgers got the Rockies to 4-2 in the eighth with a home run off left-hander Jose Quintana, his sixth. Colorado then put runners on second and third before Sam Hillard flied out to the wall in center field against Steve Cishek to end the threat.
The Angels added two runs in the eighth on Max Stassi's single and Eaton's sacrifice fly.
BLACK IS BACK
Black returned from COVID-19 and contact tracing protocols, ending a 10-day absence that covered eight games. Colorado went 3-5 under acting manager Mike Redmond.
Black said he watched every pitch on television while he was away and communicated with the front office, as well as the coaching staff, via e-mail, text and "old-school phone."
The fifth-year Rockies skipper said he is not allowed to say if he tested positive for COVID-19.
"I've gotta cut you off there," Black said. "It's sorta in the bylaws. Sorry."
Asked if he was ever ill, Black said, "Well, no. It depends on what you think is sick. I don't think I was sick."
How was it watching the team play without him?
"On a scale of 1-to-10, with 10 being the weirdest? A 10," he said.
Rockies: The four Rockies players in COVID-19 and contact tracing protocols, who are now working out in Arizona, continue to make progress. RHP Jhoulys Chacin will pitch in a simulated game Tuesday, while RHP Antonio Senzatela threw a bullpen Monday and is expected to be ready for a minor league game by the weekend. RHP Yency Almonte will throw a bullpen Tuesday, while OF Yonathan Daza will also play in a simulated game Tuesday.
Angels: Walsh left after seven innings and will be re-evaluated Tuesday for an injury to his side. ... OF Mike Trout's recovery from a strained right calf continues to plod along, with an examination Monday showing no setback. Trout has dialed back his rehab in recent days after running the bases twice last week. The three-time AL MVP has been out since May 17. … Rendon, initially expected to return from a left hamstring strain by the end of this month, will miss that projection and will need a minor league rehab assignment before coming back.
The Rockies will send left-hander Austin Gomber (7-5, 3.74 ERA) to the mound in the middle game of the interleague series Tuesday, while the Angels counter with left-hander Jose Suarez (4-3, 2.85).


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KANSAS STATE WILDCATS FOOTBALL
Kansas State Wildcats Football Tickets
Texas Tech Red Raiders Football
TCU Horned Frogs Football
Oklahoma State Cowboys Football
West Virginia Mountaineers Football
Baylor Bears Football
Kansas Jayhawks Football
Team: Kansas State Wildcats
League: NCAA Division I Bowl Subdivision, Big 12 Conference
Home Games: Bill Snyder Family Stadium
Head Coach: Chris Klieman
All-Time Greats: Charlie Bachman, Mark Simoneau, Bill Snyder, Gary Spani, Lynn " "Pappy" " Waldorf
Rivals: The University of Kansas Jayhawks, Iowa State Cyclones, The University of Nebraska-Lincoln Cornhuskers
Some say that the Kansas State Wildcats football team played its first game on Thanksgiving Day in 1893. Others say that the first game took place Nov. 3, 1894. Officially, the first recorded game the Wildcats played was Nov. 28, 1896. A lot of uncertainty revolves around official games and scores in the early days because the modern rules of football had not been rolled out yet, so games were played with different standards. The team has earned six conference titles, and the most recent title was earned in 2012. The Wildcats play its home games at Bill Snyder Family Stadium in Manhattan, Kans., and the team is a member of the Big 12 Conference. When the 2018 season began, there were 18 former Wildcats on NFL rosters, including Jordy Nelson, who played for the Green Bay Packers and then the Oakland Raiders. Grab your Kansas State Wildcats football tickets at StubHub.
Where does the Kansas State Wildcats play?
Home games take place at the Bill Snyder Family Stadium at Wagner Field in Manhattan, Kansas. Opened Sept. 21, 1968, the stadium has a capacity of 50,000, and it has received several renovations and upgrades since it was first built. The work on the venue has improved the game and fan experience. The work has also added aesthetic touches. Decorative limestone battlements were added that now resemble the old World War I Memorial Stadium.
Who is the head coach of the Kansas State Wildcats?
Chris Klieman was named the head coach of the Kansas State Wildcats football program Dec. 10, 2018. Without a record with the Wildcats, there is anticipation to see the type of season his team will have in 2019. His contract with Kansas State is for six years. Klieman has been coaching football since 1991, and he has put together a decorated career. His overall record at the college level is 72–13, and his tournament record is 18–1. He was also awarded the MVFC Coach of the Year in 2017.
Who are some notable players from the Kansas State Wildcats?
With such a long existence, it is not surprising that several notable former players have gone through the organization. Charlie Bachman, Mark Simoneau, Bill Snyder, Gary Spani and Lynn " "Pappy" " Waldorf are all former players who have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Former players have earned a myriad of individual awards, including Offensive Player of the Year, Offensive Lineman of the Year and Big 12 Athlete of the Year. Kansas State has 30 players who were named All-Americans, including Jordy Nelson.
How is the tailgating scene at Kansas State Wildcats football games?
Tailgating before home football games is a tradition, so the tailgating scene is a festive atmosphere. Parking lots open five hours before kickoff. Parking spots can be reserved in advance, and tailgaters are asked to keep the activities within their stalls.
What are the top games this year for the Kansas State Wildcats?
One of the top rivalries for Kansas State is against The University of Kansas Jayhawks. They have played each other annually since 1911. Some intensity is added to the game because they play for the Governor's Cup trophy. Other notable matchups are the Wildcats against the Iowa State Cyclones and the Nebraska Cornhuskers. Other teams that will play at Bill Snyder Family Stadium in 2019 are the West Virginia Mountaineers, the Oklahoma Sooners and the Baylor Bears.Back to Top


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