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Will Museums Always Look Modernist?/Museum of Marco Polo
It was one of the lucky consequences of being brought up on a council estate in the back end of beyond that I spent my childhood reading my way through the contents of the local library. (This escape route worked then; it wouldn't now.) And it was there that I met one of my first museums, 'The Palace of Green Porcelain' in H.G.Wells' 'The Time Machine' – a gothic, decaying, creepy place, 'like the ruins of some latter-day South Kensington' – abandoned in the distant future with a 'few, shrivelled and blackened vestiges of what had once been stuffed animals, dessicated mummies . . . a brown dust of departed plants, and that was all.'
And there were other gothic museums also on the library shelves. There were museums in the novels of Rider Haggard, which were wild adventure stories (has anyone else ever read Rider Haggard?), ridiculous to the modern mind and saturated with the attitudes of the British Empire – but I was only ten and I had nothing else to do and anyway I loved them. Museums appeared in them as well.
And there were also museums in E.Nesbit's children's books, such as 'The Story of the Amulet' in which a Babylonian queen who has time-travelled to London goes to the British Museum to claim back her Babylonian artefacts. When they throw her out she works a bit of magic, and all the artefacts float out after her – 'great slabs of carved stone, bricks, helmets, tools, weapons, fetters, wine-jars, bowls, bottles, vases, jugs, saucers, seals and the round long things, something like rolling pins with marks on them like the print of a little bird-feet, necklaces, collars, rings, armlets, earrings – heaps and heaps of things, far more than anyone had time to count.'
All these books came from late Victorian times when writers were mixing up museums in the swirling Victorian obsessions with Time Travel, Seances, Magic, Foreign-ness, Travellers' Stories, Utopias, Spiritualism, and all the rest.
'The Time Machine' is a great piece of storytelling with all the touches of a Victorian thriller – the fire in the hearth, the candlelight, the darkness outside, the breath of wind, the lamp flame that jumps.
These days museums don't often turn up in novels, and certainly not in this cloud of Gothic madness. (Indiana Jones was a creation of the '80's and was retro even then.)
But then modern museums are also not particularly gothic. A generation of museums has been re-done in the modernist style, cool, pared-down and very classical. (The best of them – although not all of them – are triumphs.) In fact the only major museum I can think of that hasn't gone down this route is the Pitt Rivers in Oxford, which still retains its dark wooden cases and copper-plate labels, and still hands out torches to its visitors so that they can negotiate the darkness.
The classical style has a transparent simplicity – a lot of glass, not too many objects, not much colour – and has become so ubiquitous that it's easy to think that it's god-given and etermal.
But nothing stays the same for ever and lately a couple of our museum clients have been wondering out loud whether it might be possible to re-do their museum stores in ways that are more theatrical, more atmospheric, more light and dark – so maybe (and this is my word, not theirs) more gothic?
And I understand where they are coming from. In the new world order where funding is tight and visitor numbers are everything, there is no point at all in looking like everyone else. If the museum-world has a fault it is that we tend to do what everyone else is doing. But somehow we have to differentiate ourselves.
At which point I remember the fictional museums of my childhood in Saffron Walden Library – mad, gothic, improbable – and although no museum director is going to fill his or her museums with cobwebs and madness, I can see that things might get a little less restrained and classical. In which case, in true, H.G.Wells' style, 'The Palace of Green Porcelain' in 'The Time Machine' – with its celebration of a museum at the end of the world – might turn out to be prophetic?
PS The image at the top of the page is from La Musee de la Chasse in Paris, which is neither Victorian nor classical but something entirely different. We've written about it before. It's poetic, surreal, indirect, like a piece of magical realism – and our current favourite museum.
The Museum of Marco Polo keeps it Light
The Rise and Rise of Museum Content/Museum of Marco Polo
Museum of Marco Polo makes a Museum of the Barbarians
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Museum of Marco PoloFollow2,004531
Probably the best imaginary museum in England (https://t.co/dj7xkUR04t) Tweets by Rachel Morris (director of Metaphor) on museums, books and creativity
Museum of Marco Polo@MoMarcoPolo·
15 Jul 1150732905620103169
Just wasted 2 hours of my life trying to modify a booking on @bookingcom why do I bother with them?
Retweet on TwitterMuseum of Marco Polo Retweeted
Marcy Dermansky@mdermansky·
9 Jul 1148574964439769088
Just got hit by a car. Did not even get a scratch. Startled more than anything else. The woman asked what she could do for me and I said "buy my book" which just shows how crazy I am right now.
Definitely a father/daughter theme in museum history. Am thinking also of archaeologist John Mortimer and his daughter Agnes who drew for him
Dr Amara Thornton@amalexathorn
Great display of Wood Palmyra collection, & fascinating to learn about the role of Robert Wood's daughter Elizabeth Wood in transcribing/recording Wood's Palmyra records. Would love to know more about her! @JA_Baird @ZenaKamash https://t.co/RXEbUvSzRq


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Kelle Groom wins Outstanding Master's Thesis award
Kelle Groom has won the UCF College of Graduate Studies award for Outstanding Master's Thesis. Groom received her M.F.A. in Creative Writing in December 2008. Her thesis, Five Kingdoms, is a poetry collection. Her poems and nonfiction have appeared in AGNI, Gettysburg Review, The New Yorker, Ploughshares, Poetry, and Witness, among others. Her awards include fellowships and scholarships from Virginia Center for the Creative Arts, Millay Colony for the Arts, Atlantic Center for the Arts, and the Sewanee Writers Conference, and grants from the State of Florida, Division of Cultural Affairs, Barbara Deming Memorial Fund, United Arts of Central Florida, Volusia County Cultural Council, and New Forms Florida, as well as a Florida Book Award. Her work was recognized as notable in The Best American Nonrequired Reading 2007, and this year her work has been nominated for four Pushcart Prizes in both poetry and nonfiction. Groom is poetry editor of The Florida Review. She lives in New Smyrna Beach, Florida.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CAIRO, Ill. -- Illinois State Police is investigating a crash in Cairo involving a pedestrian. It happened around 7 p.m. Sunday on Sycamore Street at 28th Street.
Investigators say a Cairo man was crossing the street and was hit by a station wagon heading north on Sycamore. The man was taken to an out of state hospital. His condition is not known at this time.
The woman driving the car is from Franklin County and was not hurt. No other details are being released.


In today's Gospel reading, we encounter Jesus nearing the end of his journey to Jerusalem. With the cross looming in his future, feeling that his disruption of the status quo can only be tolerated for a so much longer, he seems to have an important goal in mind for the rest of his journey. He wants to make sure his followers understand how to construct their lives on the foundation of the Gospel. What he has said about God during this time is that God is perpetually loving and continually seeks out humanity and celebrates our renewed relationship... he has said that God will see your pain and heal you without even being asked. What Jesus has said about living a life of Gospel love and justice is that it will be dangerous... is that you will be asked to re-evaluate every part of your life and make it measure up to God's standard. You do this not to earn God's love, but to better reflect this love more fully into the world. Even so, it is not easy to be a mirror for God's love.
Today's scripture, a parable about a rich, nameless man and an impoverished man named Lazarus, falls into a third category of Jesus' teaching: a teaching about how to re-orient your life to be a reflection of God's love. And, my... is this parable harrowing. It begins by describing two men who could not be more different. One was very wealthy and always decked out in the finest clothes: head to toe purple and linen. He had so much money that every meal was a feast. He lived in a home big enough to have it's own gate. And, at that gate, laid the other man, Lazarus. Lazarus is covered in sores, head to toe with purple and red angry welts. He had so little money that he had no food, wishing he could eat the scraps that had fallen from the rich man's table. He had no home, living among the stray dogs at the rich man's gate. No people notice him. Only the dogs notice him, licking his wounds. He is too weak or perhaps too bereft to stop them.
Both men die. The poor man, once ignored by everyone but stray dogs, is now tended by angels. He is taken into the bosom of Abraham, where the great ancestor of his faith offers him love and comfort that he did not have in his life. The wealthy man was buried, another symbol of his wealth. This would be the last thing that goes well for him. Remember, in Luke, Mary sang about God who would bring down the powerful from their thrones and lift up the lowly. And, Jesus preached about the poor being blessed and said that the rich would become hungry. This rich man in this story would soon embody being knocked off one's throne and being suddenly hungry. Having lived in comfort, his death is marked by isolation and torment. Having always had enough to eat and drink, he now begs for even the smallest drops of water to ease his pain. This rich man who never crossed his yard to tend to the sick man at his gate now suffers alone because because a great chasm separates him from the ones who could offer comfort. This story stands as a portrait of a desperate, tormented, and foolish man.
Before we go further, I'd like to share something that one of the scholars I read this week pointed out. We would be wise to avoid seeing this story as Jesus saying all rich people are terrible and deserve punishment. Jesus is critical of unethical elites, but he is not cruel. Instead, it is more helpful to understand this parable as a critique of a particular understanding of the relationship between wealth and righteousness. Jesus is critiquing a theology that understood one's relative wealth as a sign of one's righteousness. Wealth and comfort are gifts from God for good behavior. Some people who espoused this theology might have assumed that the rich man was rich because he was righteous, and would have expected him to be one curled up in Abraham's embrace. Some might have even argued that had he tended to Lazarus, he might have been interfering with God's judgment. To see him being tormented because, to quote the scripture, he had already received good things, would have completely upended some people's understanding of God. In the story, it definitely upends the rich man's understanding of how he lived his life. He becomes so convinced that he did wrong that he wants to find a way to convince his siblings, who apparently lived like he did, to change their ways.
Knowing that Lazarus could have been the witness to spur him into compassionate action, he pleads with Abraham to send Lazarus to his siblings to warn them to live differently. Abraham says no. They have plenty of witnesses to tell them about God's love. They have Moses and the prophets... the whole Law that shares God's concern for the poor as well as God's instruction to care for one's neighbor. They should listen to them. The rich man, remembering how he had misunderstood Moses and prophets and assuming his siblings would do the same, thought they would need more evidence... thought that seeing a man return from the dead might convince them. Abraham says no. The evidence is sound. They shouldn't need more. If they don't believe that, they won't believe anything... even the testimony of a dead man brought back to life.
I have been thinking a lot about evidence and testimony in these last couple weeks. Thirteen year-old Tyre King was shot in the back as he ran from police while holding a bb gun in Ohio. Forty-three year-old Terrence Crutcher was shot as he walked towards his broken-down car with his hands up in Oklahoma. Another 43 year-old man, Keith Scott in NC, was shot after being ordered out of his car where he had been waiting to pick his son up after school. In Maryland, a 15 year-old girl was struck by a car. When she refused care at the scene and tried to ride away, police officers grabbed her off her bike, slammed her into a windowsill, and put her in handcuffs. They told a bystander that she might have a brain injury and they needed to help her. When she struggled while being placed in the back of the police car, they pepper-sprayed her. Her name has not been released. Just a couple days later, in a different part of Maryland, Tawan Boyd, a 21 year-old man, called 911 because he felt disoriented. In the recording of the call, you can hear his girlfriend tell him to "tell them to hurry up" because he was acting strange. Police report that he was acting confused and paranoid, running up and down the street and even trying to climb into police cars. He ended up being punched at least twice in the face and wrestled to the ground. He was hospitalized in intensive care. He has since died. All of these people were black or bi-racial. This seems like a lot of evidence.
About three weeks ago, a colleague of mine here in Maine was pulled over. She had no idea why. She was not in the town where she lived and knew all the police officers. She did not know the trooper who pulled her over. She looked over at her sister and made a joke, something like, "Well, this could be it." You see... she was afraid.. Everything went ok, though. She just had a blown taillight. She made it home. But, she was still afraid. My friends with black and bi-racial kids have been teaching them how to respond to the police in ways that I was never instructed. The cases I've described in the last two weeks just become more examples of why this instruction is necessary. Guys I went to college and seminary with, guys I've worked for, all wonder if they will one day get identified as a "bad dude" and not make it home that night. These stories of fear seem like a lot more evidence to me, just as surely as the words of Moses and the prophets, telling me something about how I should be living my life of faith. I guess the question is, will I heed it, or will it take a dead person... well, another dead person, to convince me to make a change, particularly in the ways that I engage others about racism. This evidence is showing me how systemic racism is preventing black folks from being understood to be whole children of God.
Jesus is clear... the relative cushiness of our life is not a sign of how much God loves us. The tragedies and misfortune that some experience are not always, not even often, signs of some inner problem they are being punished for. My neighbors and friends who are struggling in a world that is punishing them for the color of their skin do not deserve the discrimination, hatred, and fear that they face every day. Our privilege should not insulate us from seeing the pain of our neighbors, some of who sit on our very doorstep, struggling to survive.We don't have to be like the rich man who realized that he could serve his neighbors only after it was too late. We are here, now, like his five siblings, alive and still able to listen to the witness before us. We can choose to live life differently in light of Jesus' call let the oppressed go free.
I am particularly grateful for conversations and social media posts of friends and neighbors who are also people of color. Many people have shared their testimony with me about their experiences as people of color in this country. For this sermon, I am particularly indebted to a conversation with a former roommate from seminary, the Rev. AJ Green, who helped me think through the process of being changed by witnesses who's experiences differ from one's own, and also, colleague here in Maine, who was willing to share a recent experience being pulled over.


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Earlier this year, Premier Health Plan discontinued all of its services to Minnesota and nationwide, but scammers are still trying to use them to get to your bank accounts. The Minnesota Commerce Department is warning Minnesotans of an insurance fraud scam involving individuals posing as representatives of Premier Health Plan.
Consumers have reported receiving automated phone calls from what seems to be a Premier Health Plan agent who then transfers them to someone asking for bank information. Some consumers have also received "premium" invoices in the mail or found unauthorized charges on their bank accounts.
If you receive an automated call, don't say anything and hang up.
Don't answer calls from an unknown number or pay an invoice from a company you don't have an insurance policy with.
If you answered a call that you believe was a scam, write the number down and report it to the Federal Trade Commission at 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357) or ftc.gov/complaint.
Never give personal or financial information to someone you don't know over the phone.
Regularly review your bank account and credit card statements and report unauthorized charges to your financial institution.
If you have been contacted about buying Premier Health Plan insurance or any other suspicious insurance offer, contact the Commerce Department's Consumer Services Center by email at consumer.protection@state.mn.us or by email at 651-539-1600 or 800-657-3602 (Greater Minnesota).


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Platforms / Frameworks / Libraries > OpenSocial > orkut Developer Documentation >
2-legged OAuth for the OpenSocial REST API
With version .8 of the OpenSocial standard, support was added for REST APIs. The authentication mechanism chosen for those APIs was OAuth. However, there are two flavors of OAuth, and this document attempts to explain the different use cases that they support in OpenSocial, as well as why the "2-legged" variant of OAuth is likely to be more important for most OpenSocial containers to support first.
For the details of the specification, see section "4. Request Authentication and Authorization Context" of http://www.opensocial.org/Technical-Resources/opensocial-spec-v08/restful-api-specification
2-legged or 3-legged
The OAuth term is most frequently used when referring to 3-legged OAuth. This was a standardized version of a protocol that many vendors like Yahoo, Google, AOL, etc. had deployed which involved an end-user going through a "dance" where they start on the OAuth consumer site, and are redirected to the OAuth provider site where they are asked to approve access by the consumer site to their data. If their approval is given, they are then bounced back to the OAuth consumer site. While this "dance" has enabled a whole net set of applications and data-interoperability, the user experience can be confusing for an end-user (sort of like ballroom dancing with two partners at the same time).
2-legged OAuth is a term that is used to refer to another variant of OAuth which does not require this dance. This variant is also called Signed Fetch or Phone Home, especially in the OpenSocial community. In fact, the vast majority of actual REST API calls made on the Internet using OAuth are made using 2-legged OAuth, not 3-legged OAuth. The reason for that is that this is the feature that allows a gadget to make a connection back to the home server's of the developers who created the gadget. The following blog post contains an early description of this gadget feature:
http://opensocialapis.blogspot.com/2007/11/improved-content-fetching-for.html
This Signed Fetch feature of OpenSocial allows a gadget to "phone home" to its home servers. The reason the OAuth dance is avoided is because those home servers do not have any pre-existing information about the end-user, so there is no need for the end-user to give approval to access that non-existing data.
Use Cases for OpenSocial REST API
There are two primary use cases for an OpenSocial container to expose a REST API
A gadget's home servers want to make a server-server call to the container to get more information about one of the end-users of that gadget, for example to check for new friends of that end-user. This is referred to as Reverse Phone Home
A 3rd party site which DOES NOT have a gadget wants to get the end-users permission to access their data at the social network, for example to download their friend list, or to get permission to post to their activity stream
The second scenario does requires 3-legged OAuth, however the first scenario is the much more pressing reason for most containers to expose a REST API. While it is theoretically possible to use 3-legged OAuth to support the Reverse Phone Home scenario, we will explain in the following sections why it is unnecessary, and would overly complicate the user experience.
The following diagram may have orient the reader to the data flows, click the picture to see a larger version.
Reverse Phone Home
When a user adds a gadget to their profile, they are generally presented with some options to control what level of access that gadget has to their OpenSocial information such as friend list, activity stream, etc. Whatever UI flow is used to capture those permissions preferences can also be used to allow the user to decide what permissions the gadget's home servers should have to that data. A container could even choose to default to giving the gadget's home servers the same permission as the gadget. If the user later changes these permissions, or deletes the gadget using the UI flow that they use to manage gadgets today, those changes will similarly apply to the gadget's home servers. This combined UI enables the end-user to avoid having to go through a second UI flow in an OAuth dance to decide what permissions the gadget's home servers should have. More importantly, it offers a consistent way to edit or delete those permissions, because there is no existing standard UI flow for an end-user to manage those permissions outside the gadget framework. For example, what if a user deleted a gadget, but forgot to go to a different UI to delete that gadget's home server's access to the end-user's data?
Now that we have avoided the OAuth dance, the gadget's home servers can make a REST API to the OpenSocial container to access the end-users data. However, that creates two security/identity challenges:
How does the container verify that the request did in fact come from the home server's of the gadget
How does the home server identity which user's data it wants from the OpenSocial container
For the first problem, the container needs to issue a shared secret to the gadget developer. The gadget developer can then use that shared secret to sign all the requests from their server to verify their identity. One way for the container to do this is to provide a gadget registration site for developers where they can login to the container's developer site, and provide the URL of their gadget. The container can then display a one-time code that the gadget developer would add somewhere in their gadget spec. The container could then check the gadget for that code, and if found, it would remember that the currently logged in user was the developer of that gadget. The container could then issue an OAuth Consumer Key & Consumer Key Secret to the gadget developer. For a good example of how this is done, look at MySpace's OpenSocial registration process.
Note: Previously we mentioned the Phone Home feature of OpenSocial. Those calls also need to be digitally signed by the container who is sending them, so that the gadget's home servers can verify their authenticity. A container could choose to a shared secret to sign the phone home requests, and then ask the developer to use the same shared secret to sign the reverse phone home requests.
The second problem is identifying the user. Fortunately, there is already a common user identifer that is shared by the container and the gadget's home servers. Whenever the gadget makes a phone home call to its home servers, the container adds the IDs of the gadget owner and viewer. The gadget's home servers can then store data locally about one of those user IDs. If it wants to make a REST API call for more data about the user, it can simply pass the same user ID.
OpenSocial App Data
Another advantage that 2-legged OAuth has in this scenario is that when a REST call is received by the OpenSocial container, it can easily map it to the gadget which is associated with the requesting server. If the server is asking for access to OpenSocial App Data, then the container needs to know which gadget's AppData to return, and this is made simpler by having the direct mapping between the home servers and gadget. In addition, if the home servers want to add information to the user's activity steram, or send a message to a user, then the container can attribute the source of that post/message to the gadget.
Comparing URL Parameters:
To help explain the reverse phone home feature, the following table compares the URL parameters used for phone home and reverse phone home:
oauth_consumer_key Container Name, i.e. orkut.com
opensocial_appid from phone home request
oauth_signature gadget specific shared secret
gadget specific shared secret
opensocial_appid gadget ID assigned by container
opensocial_ownerid user ID assigned by container
opensocial_viewerid user ID assigned by container
xoauth_requestor_id N/A opensocial_ownerid from phone home request
Note that the oauth_signature can be done in both cases with the same shared secret (though some containers may prefer to sign phone home requests using a public/private key). The container will assign the oauth_consumer_key that should be used in reverse phone home calls, but a simple option for the container would be to use the same appid that they send on phone home calls.
It is then the responsibility of the gadget's home servers to remember user IDs that it has seen in phone home calls, and when it wants to get more data about that user via a REST API call it should put that ID in the xoauth_requestor_id field that was specific in the .8 spec.
Accepting both 3 legged & 2 legged
While the section above describe how an OpenSocial container could accept 2-legged OAuth calls to its REST API, it can also accept 3-legged OAuth calls. The same API endpoint can be used for both types of calls, it just needs to detect whether an OAuth token is passed, in which case 3-legged OAuth is being used. In that case, the ID of the user's whose data is being requested would be extracted from the OAuth token, but the identity of the server's making the call would still be extracted from the oauth_consumer_key after validating the signature.


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Q: How do I get the text in the adress field in the browser to change when the user surfs on and outside of the page? This is somewhat of a newbie question I'm sure and I hope the community will excuse me for not knowing this (or not knowing the appropriate search terms to resolve my question).
So, this is the deal: I'm running a small webpage with a small amount of visitors. I've written the whole page in HTML and CSS myself and I host it in my private DropBox (http://dl.dropbox.com/u/3394117/Hemsida/Psykofil/Index.html).
I've bought the domain name "www.psykofil.org" from Loopia (www.loopia.se) and I've directed this domain to the index.html file referenced to above.
Now, this is what I want to happen: I have three different places you can go to on the page (you choose where to ge through a menu on the left). When one of these links is clicked, it takes the user to another .html-file. What I would like to happen here is that this is seen in the adress field so when he or she clicks on "x", it should say www.psykofil.org/x on top. Also, when he or she navigates away from the webpage through a hyperlink I would like the adress field to update to show the new location. Right now, no matter what the user does, it always says www.psykofil.org in the adress field.
I probably should mention that my options (freely translated from swedish) when I go to the configuration of my domain name at Loopia is the following:

*

*DNS

*Parking

*Forwarding (the one I'm currently using)

*Send to an external URL

*(Unavailable because I don't have a web hotel with Loopia) Point to another domain in the account.

*(Unavailable because I don't have a web hotel with Loopia) Own homefolder for webpage.

A: That's because your page is inside a <frameset>, so the address bar will never update.
You say "I've directed this domain to the index.html file referenced to above." It sounds like you've set up 'domain forwarding.' Framesets are often the 'trick' hosts use to keep the same URL - embedding the pages you're 'forwarding' to in a frameset. It's called "domain masking." See http://www.hostingmultipledomainnames.com/domainforwarding.htm for a description of how it works.
If you upload your actual html files to your site root, that should do the trick. If you're not sure how to do that and you're a new webmaster, you may want to be in touch with your web host's support. Otherwise, if you want to have that domain, but keep your files in your dropbox account, your options I believe get complicated (things like reverse proxies).
UPDATED:
Typically, when people create a website, they do three thing: register a domain, buy a web hosting account, and then associate their domain with their hosting account. You've done the first part, and have found a clever way of managing the second part, but you haven't done the third part.
The process is like this:

*

*You register your domain. I.e., you pay $10-30 a year for the exclusive right to a given domain name. Registering the domain means that when people type 'http://mysite.com' into their browser, your domain will come up. However, it's just a placeholder - there isn't any real content there. All your files and images need to be uploaded to a server in order for people to see them.

*You purchase a web hosting account. Or in your case, you upload your files to a publicly-accessible server, which has the advantage of being free. You then upload all your content.

*This is the part you're missing. You now need to associate your domain name with your hosting account. This typically happens without your intervention when you purchase both your domain name and your web hosting account through one company.
However, if you acquire them separately, you need to do two things:
a. Log in to your domain registrar and point the domain name to your server for your web hosting account. This is a signal to the Internet - hey, when you type in the domain name 'http://ssss.com', go to this server.
b. Log in to your web hosting account and "park" the domain at your account. This may be hard to understand at first, but basically, just telling the Internet to go to this or that server when typing in your domain name isn't very useful.
If that's all we needed to do, I could just register http://my-amazon.com and point my domain to Amazon.com. Then people could surf Amazon.com as http://myamazon.com and I could get rich from selling this now incredibly popular domain.
But that doesn't work. In order for me to actually browse the web hosting account through my domain name, I need to "add" the domain name to my hosting account. Dropbox doesn't let you do that. It's a file-sharing system, which you've cleverly used as a web host. However, you'll never be able to log into Dropbox and park your domain there, because that's not what they do.
Summary: You can think of this process like a pass in basketball. You can throw the ball by sending the user to a server, but the server has to catch it. In order to catch the ball, the server needs to know it's coming.
Your domain registrar is 'faking' this process by adding one page to its own server, which links to "http://dl.dropbox.com/yourpage/etc/etc/Index.html". This way, your domain registrar doesn't have to worry about hosting all your content and the headaches of technical support and server space.
The downside is, you don't have a webhost that allows you to park a domain at the moment. The upside is you're saving about $60-100 per year (it might be more or less in Sweden), which is what a basic "shared" hosting account would cost.
You can decide if having distinct webpages (http://psykofil.org/contact.html" etc), is worth it for you, or whether you're fine for now with the very low-cost solution that isn't perfect but at least allows people to access your site. What you've come up with is actually pretty cool, but it does have some limitations.
Finally: If you do want to go ahead an buy server space so you can host your site, it will be less of a headache to buy it through Loopla, if the price and service are good. Typically, you are given the option when making the purchase of linking your account to your already-registered domain name. Then all you need to do is use an FTP program like Filezilla to upload your content to your account, and you're done.

A: It seems your host is "masking" the URL, meaning actual index.html page located at "www.psykofil.org" is in fact, loading your index page located via dropbox into an "iframe" , hence your main URL does not change to reflect the changes.
Solution: Upload your file to your main host and change the default index file that has iframes with the dropbox index file.

A: I believe it's because you're using frames. Were you to simply link to the other html page(i.e About page) then the address bar would update.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Hands Up For Health is an innovative interactive learning experience delivered by the Simulation and Interactive Learning (SaIL) Centre team at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust in London and designed for children and young people.
The programme, now in its fifth successful year, uses hands-on experiences in true-to-life settings with real-life clinical equipment, state-of-the-art manikin technology (life-like manikins that breathe and speak), and actors serving as simulated patients.
widen participation to healthcare careers.
Children and young people can discover first-hand, what it's like to work in health and social care – straight from doctors, nurses, paramedics, therapists and other healthcare professionals who volunteer to teach on the programme.
Find out more about Hands Up for Health.
For more information, to apply or to volunteer, please email handsupforhealth@gstt.nhs.uk.
Email Dr Beth Thomas for more information about Hands up for Health.
Follow Hands up for Health on Facebook and Twitter.
Meet new people, gain skills and boost your confidence and careers prospects - volunteer for Hands up for Health.
Both clinical and non-clinical staff and students welcome.


In an effort to bring visual and performing arts into the large public areas in Los Angeles World Airports, LAX is now presenting live music in terminals in conjunction with the art exhibitions that have been running for more than a decade.
LAX, the fourth busiest airport in the world, provides the ideal campus for the Department of Cultural Affairs to display local artists' work.
Airport Art Manager Sarah Cifarelli explains that current displays include performances in terminal one, three display cases in terminal three and more two-dimensional artwork in terminals one, three, six, seven, eight and Tom Bradley International Terminal.
The exhibits are installed with the help of the Department of Cultural Affairs during the night and stay up for six months and sometimes for two to three years.
Through a partnership with Grand Performances, LAX Presents allows artists like The Bronzeville Union to perform in front of large audiences.
Dexter Story, The Bronzeville Union's composer and drummer explains that performing helps him see people from a special perspective.
"I think the opportunity is to kind of see everyone as one in a sense and see the humanity in everyone," Story said.


Nine national and regional insurance industry bodies from Europe, Canada, Korea, New Zealand, Australia and South Africa want the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to amend and delay its "IFRS 17" book-keeping rule by two years to January 2023.
Twenty years in the making, the rule seeks to make it easier for investors to compare how much insurers earn from policies by prising open a "black box" of opaque national practices. IASB rules are used in over 100 countries, though the United States has its own accounting standards.
"As a result, we strongly believe a two-year delay in the effective date of the standard is required," the letter to IASB chair Hans Hoogervorst said.
"In determining what amendments, if any, to make to IFRS 17, the board will need to balance the potential benefit of any amendments against the effect of an undue delay to a standard that is needed to address many inadequacies in the existing wide range of insurance accounting practices," an IASB staff paper for the meeting said.


text:
Chicago Junction Railway Company v. William King, No. 34
Document Cited authorities 2 Cited in 26 Precedent Map Related
Court United States Supreme Court
Writing for the Court White
Citation 56 L.Ed. 173,222 U.S. 222,32 S.Ct. 79
Decision Date 11 December 1911
Docket Number No. 34
Parties CHICAGO JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY, Plff. in Err., v. WILLIAM R. KING
222 U.S. 222 32 S.Ct. 79 56 L.Ed. 173 CHICAGO JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY, Plff. in Err.,
WILLIAM R. KING.
Argued and submitted November 2 and 3, 1911.
Decided December 11, 1911.
Messrs.John D. Black and John Barton Payne for plaintiff in error.
Mr. James C. McShane for defendant in error.
Mr. Chief Justice White delivered the opinion of the court:
This action to recover for personal injuries, begun in a
state court, was removed to a circuit court and there decided for the plaintiff. To obtain a reversal of a judgment affirming, the case is here upon an assumption that a constitutional question is involved which gives jurisdiction. It is admitted that such question, that is, the repugnancy of the safety appliance law to the Constitution, is now not open to controversy because of a recent decision. Southern R. Co. v. United States, not yet reported. 222 U. S. 20, 56 L. ed. 72, 32 Sup. Ct. Rep. 2. Yet, as the case is here, other errors relied upon, it is urged, must be decided. But even conceding that the constitutional question was not wholly frivolous when first advanced, as it arose only at the trial, it does not give jurisdiction. Macfadden v. United States, 213 U. S. 288, 53 L. ed. 801, 29 Sup. Ct. Rep. 490. But this is negligible, since, by the pleadings, the cause of action was based on a statute of the United States—the safety appliance law—which gives jurisdiction. Macfadden v. United States, supra. The damage thus arose: After cutting out some cars from an interstate freight train at the Union Stock Yards in Chicago, the train could not be re-coupled because of a broken knuckle on the coupler of one of the cars. The plaintiff, a switchman, secured a new knuckle, and going between the cars to put it in place of the broken one, was crushed by a backward movement of the train, which brought the uncoupled cars together. The movement was ordered by the train conductor with the purpose of shoving the train back several city blocks to where it was proposed to repair the coupler.
Coming to consider the contentions, although they seemingly involve many propositions, they all are reducible to the assertion that the plaintiff was so clearly guilty of contributory negligence, in one aspect or the other, that it was the duty of the court to instruct a verdict for the defendant. Indeed, this is expressly stated in the argument to be the result of all the propositions except two, relating to an instruction given and...
26 practice notes
Kansas City Southern Railway Company v. Leslie, 244
Supreme Court of Arkansas
...to the evidence of witnesses and to the shifting verdicts of juries. Such is not the intention of the act of Congress. 33 S. C. Rep. 858; 222 U.S. 222. 8. It was error to exclude testimony tending to show that under the rules of the Interstate Commerce Commission appellant could not refuse ......
Radio Corporation v. Radio Engineering Laboratories, No. 5580.
United States District Courts. 2nd Circuit. United States District Court (Eastern District of New York)
...Company v. Louisiana Railroad Commission, 232 U. S. 338, 339, 34 S. Ct. 438, 58 L. Ed. 631; Chicago Junction Railway Company v. King, 222 U. S. 222, 1 F. Supp. 70 224, 32 S. Ct. 79, 56 L. Ed. 173; Page v. Rogers, 211 U. S. 575, 577, 29 S. Ct. 159, 53 L. Ed. 332; Dun v. Lumbermen's Credit As......
Atlantic Transport Company of West Virginia v. Frank Imbrovek, No. 215
...of appeals in last resort, we shall not undertake to discuss it at length or to restate the evidence. Chicago Junction R. Co. v. King, 222 U. S. 222, 224, 56 L. ed. 173, 174, 32 Sup. Ct. Rep. 79; Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co. v. Brown, 229 U. S. 317, 320, 57 L. ed. 1204, 1205, 33 Sup. Ct. Rep.......
Holden v. Circleville Light & Power Co., 2449.
United States Courts of Appeals. United States Court of Appeals (6th Circuit)
...rule that we should not reverse a judgment unless the record gives rise to a clear conviction of error (Chicago Junction Ry. Co. v. King, 222 U.S. 222, 32 Sup.Ct. 79, 56 L.Ed. 173; Seaboard Air Line v. Moore, 228 U.S. 433, 435, 33 Sup.Ct. 580, 57 L.Ed. 907; L. & N. Ry. Co. v. Lankford (C.C.......
26 cases


You could also name a corporate trustee as agent. While a co-trustee has equal responsibility with you (usually both signatures are required to transact business), an agent can have as much responsibility as you wish.
You can have an agent manage only a portion of your trust's assets (your stocks and bonds, for example) or just provide you with investment advice, with you making all final investment decisions.


I love trivia! Do you? And what better subject than BACON! Perhaps all you know about bacon is that it is a meat product prepared from a pig and it goes with just about anything! We will get to some bacony combinations (usual and unusual) later but right now let's take a walk down history lane and when, where, how this succulent meat found its way to the table, especially America's breakfast table.
A church in the English town of Dunmow, Essex promised a flitch (side) of bacon to any married man who could swear before the congregation and God that he had not quarreled with his wife for a year and a day. A husband who could bring home the bacon was held in high esteem by the community for his forbearance, self-control, patience and ability to serve an English breakfast.
What was then the town of Dunmow, became the town of Great Dunmow which still holds The Dunmow Flitch Trials every 4 years and awards a flitch of bacon (a salted and cured side) to married couples if they can satisfy the Judge and Jury of 6 maidens and 6 bachelors that in twelve months and a day they have not wished themselves unmarried again.
Bacon dates back as early as 1500 BC. During that era, the Chinese began curing pork bellies with salt. That's a long time ago, folks! In the early 5th century, Anglo-Saxons used bacon fat for cooking & salad dressing. In the 1600s, smoked bacon was noted as the bacon of highest quality. Then, in 1770, John Harris set up the first bacon processing plant in Wiltshire. From there, bacon popularity grew and grew with Wiltshire in England being the center of bacon since the 18th century and is still considered the bacon capital of the world. It wasn't until 1924 that Oscar Mayer introduced pre-sliced, pre-packaged bacon to America.
What is it about bacon that makes it so-o-o-o-o-o-o good? Got to be it's aroma, as well as its distinct flavor!
There is: bacon ice cream; bacon-infused vodka; deep-fried bacon; chocolate-dipped bacon; bacon-wrapped hot dogs filled with cheese; brioche bread pudding smothered in bacon sauce; hard-boiled eggs coated in mayonnaise encased in bacon — called, appropriately, the 'heart attack snack'; bacon salt; bacon doughnuts, cupcakes and cookies; bacon mints; 'baconnaise', which Jon Stewart described as 'for people who want to get heart disease but are too lazy to actually make bacon'; Wendy's 'Baconnator' — six strips of bacon mounded atop a half-pound cheeseburger — which sold 25 million in its first eight weeks; and the outlandish 'bacon explosion' — a barbecued meat brick composed of 2 pounds of bacon wrapped around 2 pounds of sausage.
Who knows what to expect in the future when it comes to bacon. Stores now offer turkey bacon and veggie bacon. The toaster bacon of 1975 already flopped so not much hope of that coming back. Without any doubt, bacon is here to stay, just the way it is served will continue to be different!
What is your favorite bacon dish?


text:
Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY leaf inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and C57BL/6 mice
Masashi Inafuku1,
Ruwani N. Nugara1,2,
Yasuo Kamiyama3,
Itsuki Futenma1,
Ayako Inafuku1 &
Hirosuke Oku1
Various flavonoids obtained from the genus Cirsium have been reported to exhibit beneficial effects on health. The present study evaluated the antiobesity effects of Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY leaf (CL) by using 3T3-L1 cells and C57BL/6 mice that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD).
Dried CL powder was serially extracted with solvents of various polarities, and these extracts were tested for antiadipogenic activity using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Mice were fed experimental HFD supplemented with dried CL powder for 4 wk. Lipid levels and mRNA levels of genes related to lipid metabolism were determined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the white adipose tissue (WAT) and liver of mice fed on a HFD.
Treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes with a hexane extract of CL significantly reduced cellular lipid accumulation and expression of the fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene. Dietary CL reduced the serum levels of non-esterified fatty acids in HFD-fed mice. Significant decreases in subcutaneous WAT weight and associated FASN gene expression were observed in the mice fed the experimental CL diet. Dietary CL also reduced the hepatic lipid and serum levels of a hepatopathic indicator in the HFD-fed mice. A significant reduction in mRNA levels of FASN and HMG-CoA reductase were observed in the livers of the CL-diet group. Dietary CL, on the other hand, increased in the hepatic mRNA levels of genes related to β-oxidation, namely peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, calnitine palmitoyltrasferase 1A, and uncoupling protein 2. Expression of the insulin receptor gene was also significantly increased in the livers of mice-fed the CL diet.
The present study therefore demonstrated that CL suppresses lipid accumulation in the WAT and liver partly through inhibiting mRNA levels of FASN gene and enhancing the lipolysis-related gene expression.
Obesity, a natural consequence of over-nutrition and irregular living habits, contributes to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome, which comprises a cluster of metabolic abnormalities such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and hypertension, is a widespread and an increasingly prevalent disease in industrialized countries, and it has contributed to an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality [1, 2]. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is also often associated with metabolic syndrome [3, 4]. Several therapeutic agents have been developed for treating obesity by reducing nutrient absorption [5] or by enhancing thermogenesis and lipid turnover [5, 6]. However, practical use of these drugs has been hampered by their side effects and because of the rebound weight, which is gained upon termination of these therapies. In this context, it has been considered that supplementation of the daily diet with natural anti-obesity agents would be effective for managing obesity, as well as calorie control and exercise. From viewpoint of safety, the medicinal plants and their active compounds merit investigation for development of natural antiobesity agents.
During recent decades, many studies reported the beneficial effects of flavonoids on health, and these effects were either dependent or independent of their antioxidant activities. Increasing evidence indicates that flavonoid-rich food, beverages, and extracts, as well as pure flavonoids, could ameliorate the symptoms of metabolic syndrome and its associated diseases [7]. Various flavonoids have been isolated as naturally occurring compounds from the genus Cirsium[8, 9]. It was reported that pectolinarin and 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyflavone (DDMF) isolated from C. japonicum DC inhibits the growth of implanted tumors and promotes innate immunity in mice [10]. Further, these studies showed that flavonoids enhance the adipocyte differentiation and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 cells [11] and demonstrated the antidiabetic activities of pectolinarin and DDMF in rats in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin and a high-carbohydrate/high-fat diet [12]. The crude extracts of C. oligophyllum reduced the weight of subcutaneous and visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) weights in rats [13]. A significant hypoglycemic effect of C. pascuarense was shown in alloxan-induced diabetes [14]. C. brevicaule A. GRAY (CBAG), which is a wild perennial herb, grows in rocky gravels or forest margins along maritime coastlines [15], and is distributed in southern-Japan and Taiwan. Its leaves, stems and roots are traditionally used as not only a food stuff but also as herbal medicine in the Okinawa Islands and Amami Islands of Japan. However, no scientific data on the biological activities of CBAG are available. We therefore evaluated the biological activities of CBAG pertaining to metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to characterize the CBAG leaf (CL) as an antiobesity agent by testing its activities in vitro tissue cultures and an in vivo animal model.
Preparation of CBAG leaf powder and extracts
The CBAG that was used in this study was harvested on Tokunoshima Island in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. The freeze-dried and ground powder of CL was generously provided by Tokunoshima-cho (Kagoshima, Japan). The CL powder was analyzed by Japan Food Research Laboratories (Tokyo, Japan) and the nutrient composition was found to be as follows: carbohydrate, 12.7%; fiber, 37.8%; mineral 19.9%; protein, 19.1%; fat, 5.3%; and moisture, 5.2%. The dried-CL powder was serially extracted by incubation with 10 volumes of hexane, chloroform, ethanol and water for 2 h at 37°C. The filtrates were evaporated or freeze-dried in vacuo, and stored at −80°C until use. The dried extracts were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide at 25 mg/mL and filter-sterilized before use. The total phenolic contents of the serial extracts from the CL were measured using the Folin-Denis assay method as previously reported [16]. The phenolic contents were expressed in chlorogenic acid equivalents (mg CA/g extract).
Cell culturing and treatment
3T3-L1 preadipocytes were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (VA, USA). 3T3-L1 cells were maintained in DMEM containing 10% calf serum at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2. Complete confluence of the cells was avoided before initiating differentiation. For adipogenesis, confluent cells were maintained for another 2 d. And then differentiation was induced with standard differentiation procedure for 2 d in the presence of the CL extracts as mentioned previously [17]. The cells were re-fed with DMEM containing 10% FBS supplemented with 10 μg/mL human insulin and 50 μg/mL CL extract for 4 d. Cell viability was measured using MTS assay to test the cytotoxic effects of the treatment on the 3T3-L1 cells.
Measurement of lipid accumulation in cultured adipocytes
To evaluate the effect of each CL extract on lipid accumulation, the cultured 3T3-L1 cells were stained with Oil Red O using a standard protocol, and their lipid droplets were observed under a microscope. Cellular lipid was extracted and purified by using the method of Bligh and Dyer [18], and intracellular triglyceride (TG) content was quantified using a commercial enzymatic kit as described below. The cellular protein content was determined using a Quant–iT protein assay kit (Life technologies, CA, USA).
Animals and experimental diets
All procedures for the animal experiments were performed in conformance with the guidelines on animal experiments provided set out by the ethical committee of the Animal Welfare Center at the University of the Ryukyus. Eighteen 3-wk-old male C57BL/6 (B6) mice were purchased from Japan SLC, Inc. (Shizuoka, Japan). The mice were housed individually in plastic cages under specific pathogen-free conditions, and maintained at 24°C in a 12 h light–dark cycle. After 1 wk of adaptation, the B6 mice were randomly divided into 3 experimental HFD groups (n = 6 for each group): a control diet group, a 5% CL diet group, and a 10% CL diet group. Experimental HFD containing with 15% fat were prepared on the basis of AIN-76 formulation—its composition is summarized in Table 1. Approximately 31% of total calories were derived from fat in HFD used in this study. We prepared the HFD expeditiously in room temperature. Prepared HFD were stored at −80°C in plastic bags with nitrogen gas until use. The mice were fed the experimental HFD and water ad libitum for 4 wk. At the end of the feeding period, the mice were killed after 6 h starvation by exsanguination from the heart under anesthesia induced using pentobarbital sodium salt. Their liver and epididymal, perirenal, omental and waist subcutaneous WATs were excised and serum was separated from the blood. Liver, perirenal and subcutaneous WATs, and sera were frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and then were stored at −80°C until use.
Table 1 Composition of the experimental diets
Measurement of serum biochemical parameters
Serum levels of TG, total cholesterol (TC), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were determined by using a commercial enzymatic kit (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan). The activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum were measured by using a commercially available kit (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Serum levels of insulin and total adiponectin were measured by using ELISA kits that were purchased from Morinaga Institute of Biological Science, Inc. (Kanagawa, Japan) and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan), respectively.
Measurement of TG and TC levels in the liver
Hepatic lipids were extracted and purified according to a method reported previously [19]. Hepatic TG and TC levels were determined by using the method of Fletcher [20] and by using a commercial enzymatic kit as mentioned above, respectively.
RNA extraction and quantitative real-time RT-PCR
Total RNA was extracted from the cultured cells or the excised tissues by using TRIzol Reagent and a PureLink RNA mini kit (Life technologies). First strand cDNA was synthesized with 2 μg of total RNA as a template. The Additional file 1: Table S1 lists the DNA sequences of specific primers that were used for quantitative real-time PCR: β-actin, 18S rRNA, mesoderm-specific transcript (MEST), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, PPARγ, sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c, SREBP-2, fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) α, fatty acid synthase (FASN), insulin receptor (IR), HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR), calnitine palmitoyltrasferase (CPT)-1A, insulin induced gene (INSIG)-2a, acyl-CoA oxidase (AOX), and uncoupling protein (UCP)-2. The amplifications were performed in a commercial real-time PCR system (StepOne Real-Time PCR System; ABI). The relative amount of each gene transcript was normalized to the amount of β-actin transcript in adipocytes and WAT and to the amount of 18S rRNA in the liver.
For in vitro experiments, the statistical significance of the difference between two experimental groups was determined by using Student's t-test. The statistical significance of the differences between the mean values of the control and treatment groups were inspected by using Dunnett's test for the animal experiments. Differences were considered significant at P < 0.05.
Phenolic content of CL extracts
Serial extractions of CL powder were performed to evaluate their effectiveness in vitro. The yields of the dry material from extracts were as follows (g/100 g CL powder): hexane extract (1.97 g), chloroform extract (2.73 g), ethanol extract (7.33 g) and water extract (28.8 g). Of these extracts, the ethanol extract had the highest phenolic content (618 mg CA/g). The phenolic content of hexane, chloroform, and water extracts were 26.4, 70.9, and 121 mg CA/g extract, respectively.
Effect of CL extracts on 3T3-L1 adipocytes
The antiadipogenic activities of serial extracts from CL were tested in vitro by using Oil Red O staining (Figure 1A). Red-stained lipid droplets in differentiated adipocytes were not observed in the non-differentiated 3T3-L1 cells (Figure 1A). Adipogenic differentiation of the 3T3-L1 cells significantly increased their lipid content (Figures 1A and 1B). No significant effect on the lipid content of 3T3-L adipocytes was noted with the chloroform, ethanol, or water extracts of CL powder (Additional file 1: Table S2). However, lipid droplet formation was significantly less in the cells treated with the CL hexane extract than in the control cells. The CL extracts did not affect the cell viability of the differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes (data not shown).
Effects of Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY leaf (CL) extracts on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (A) Oil red O staining in 3T3-L1 cells treated with each CL extract. The data from one representative experiment out of three are shown. (B) Intracellular triglyceride (TG) content of the 3T3-L1 cells. Each value represents as the means ± SEM for three independent experiments. ND, non-differentiated cells. The asterisks shows significant differences between the experimental groups, determined using Student's t-test (*: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01).
Effect of CL hexane extracts on gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
To gain more insight into the effects of the CL hexane extract on lipid metabolism, we examined the gene expression of 3T3-L1 adipocytes that were harvested on day 4 of differentiation. The expressions of all of genes that were determined in this study were enhanced by the induction of adipogenesis (Figure 2). Of these, increases in MEST, C/EBPα and FASN were significantly inhibited by the CL hexane extract.
Effect of Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY leaf (CL) hexane extract on gene expression in 3T3-L1 cells. Each value represents the means ± S.E.M. for three independent experiments. ND, non-differentiated cells. The asterisks shows significant differences between the experimental groups, determined using Student's t-test (*: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01).
Effect of dietary CL on growth, serum, and liver parameters of HFD-fed mice
Although food intake and final body weight were largely comparable among the experimental groups, the relative liver weights of 5% or 10% CL for the diet group were significantly lower than those of control diet group (Table 2). The relative weight of subcutaneous WAT was significantly decreased and that of perirenal WAT tended to decrease in the 10% CL diet group compared to the control group. No significant changes were observed in serum levels of TG, TC, glucose, insulin and adiponectin. Serum NEFA levels in the 10% CL diet group were significantly lower than that in the control diet group. In accordance with the decrease in relative liver weight (Table 2), the hepatic TC levels of the CL diet groups were significantly lower than that of control diet group (Figure 3A). The hepatic TG level was also significantly decreased by 10% CL diet. A significant decrease in serum AST activity and a decreasing tendency in serum ALT activity were observed for the 10% CL diet group (Figure 3B).
Table 2 Effect of dietary CBAG leaf on growth and serum parameters in mice
Effect of dietary Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY leaf (CL) on hepatic physiological parameters in mice. (A) Serum lipid levels. (B) Serum levels of hepatopathic indicator. Each value represents the means ± S.E.M. for six mice. The asterisk shows significant differences when compared to the control group, determined using Dunnett's test (*: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01).
Effect of dietary CL on gene expression in the WATs of HFD-fed mice
In subcutaneous and perirenal WAT, expression of the FASN gene was significantly reduced by both 5% and 10% CL diets (Figure 4). Similarly, the C/EBPα mRNA levels were decreased by CL diets.
Effect of dietary Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY leaf (CL) on gene expression in the white adipose tissues of mice. Each value represents the means ± S.E.M. for six mice. The asterisk shows significant differences when compared to the control group, determined using Dunnett's test (*: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01).
Effect of dietary CL on gene expression in the livers of HFD-fed mice
Hepatic mRNA levels of the FASN gene were significantly decreased in the CL diet groups (Figure 5). Significant decreases in HMGCR and INSIG-2a expressions were also observed in the livers of mice fed a 10% CL diet. In contrast, mRNA levels of CPT1A, UCP2, IR, and SREBP-2 were significantly increased by the 10% CL diet. AOX gene expression was largely comparable among the experimental groups.
Effect of dietary CL Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY leaf (CL) on the gene expression in liver of mice. Each value represents the means ± S.E.M. for six mice. The asterisk shows significant differences when compared to the control group, determined using Dunnett's test (*: P < 0.05, **: P < 0.01).
We investigated for the first time the effects of CL extracts on adipogenesis in adipocytes, and on the development of obesity in B6 mice that are fed a HFD. The CL hexane extract inhibited lipid accumulation and downregulated FASN expression in 3T3-L1 cells (Figures 1 and 2). Dietary CL also suppressed lipid accumulation as well as FASN mRNA levels in subcutaneous WAT and the livers of mice fed a HFD (Table 2, Figures 4 and 5). Dietary CL, on the other hand, increased in the hepatic mRNA levels of genes related to β-oxidation. These results suggest that CL exerts the antiobesity effects partly through downregulation of fatty acid biosynthesis and enhancement of lipolysis.
FASN is highly expressed in adipose tissue and the liver. This enzyme activity is mostly regulated at the transcriptional level [21]. It has been demonstrated that FASN inhibitors such as C75 significantly suppress the differentiation and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells, which suggests that FASN plays an essential role supporting the differentiation of preadipocytes [17]. Transcription factors such as SREBP-1c, C/EBPα, and PPARγ are known to control the FASN expression [22, 23]. In this study, the treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with CL hexane extract significantly decreased their TG content (Figure 1) and MEST gene expression (Figure 2), which could be a novel marker for adipocyte size [24]. Significant decreases in C/EBPα and FASN gene expressions, which were observed with the CL hexane treatment were not necessarily associated with changes in the mRNA levels of SREBP-1c as well as PPARγ and its target gene FABP4. Dietary CL induced a significant reduction or caused a decreasing trend in the WAT weight of the HFD-fed mice (Table 2). Furthermore, the expressions of FASN and C/EBPα in WATs were significantly decreased by the CL diet (Figure 4). These results suggest that the chemical component in CL suppressed adipogenic differentiation or lipid accumulation in adipocytes through the inhibition of FASN gene expression via the downregulation of C/EBPα.
In humans, since exogenous saturated fatty acids are available abundantly through the daily diet, it was considered that de novo synthesis of fatty acids was negligible [25]. However, liver-selective FASN inhibition by platensimycin could lead to improved hepatic steatosis and T2DM in model mice [26]. This observation provided the pharmacological proof of concept of FASN inhibition as a unique treatment for obesity-related disorders. In this study, significant decreases in FASN expression in WATs and the liver were observed in the CL-fed mice (Figures 3 and 5). PPARα is well known as an indispensable regulator of liver lipid metabolism. The key enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation such as CPT1A and AOX are mainly regulated by PPARα [27, 28]. Furthermore, PPARα induces UCP2 upregulation, which is involved in the regulation of energy expenditure [29]. The 10% CL diet significantly increased the mRNA levels of PPARα, CPT1A and UCP2, but not AOX (Figure 5). Therefore, these results suggest that dietary CL suppressed hepatic TG content through inhibition of FASN expression and enhancement of fatty acid oxidation, thereby leading to significant reductions in serum NEFA levels in the HFD-fed mice (Table 2). Plasma NEFA levels are elevated in obesity, and a high level of NEFA is considered a critical factor that triggers the onset of peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance [30], eventually leading to development of metabolic syndrome including T2DM and NAFLD. NEFA were recently highlighted to play primary roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cytokine production in hepatocytes [31].
IR is as known as one of the most important molecules involved in NEFA-induced insulin resistance, because fatty acids suppress the protein and mRNA levels of IR in muscle cells and hepatic cells [32, 33]. Although serum insulin levels were largely comparable among the experimental groups in the present study (Table 2), IR gene expression was significantly increased in the liver of mice fed the 10% CL diet (Figure 5). Yabe et al. [34] discovered a liver-specific transcript of INSIG-2, designated INSIG-2a, which is downregulated by insulin. Our study showed that the hepatic mRNA level of INSIG-2a in the 10% CL diet group was significantly lower than that in control diet group (Figure 5). Thus, dietary CL likely functions to restore hepatic insulin sensitivities in HFD-fed mice, preventing the development of NAFLD. In contrast, Insigs is known to negatively regulate HMGCR transcription by suppressing the activation of SREBPs [35]. SREBP-2 promotes the mRNA transcription of cholesterol biosynthesis-related genes including HMGCR [36]. A significant increase in SREBP-2 gene expression was herein observed in the livers of the 10% CL diet group (Figure 5), although the mRNA level of HMGCR was significantly decreased. These conflicting results need further clarification to fully understand the anti-obesity activity of CL.
Few studies examined the phenolic compounds in CBAG, although various phenolic compounds have been isolated from the genus Cirsium. Pectolinarin have been reported as a major flavonoid in Japanese Cirsium species [37], and it was isolated from CBAG [38]. Apigenin, linarin, and luteorin were also isolated from a wide variety of Cirsium species [39]. Treatment of 3T3-L1 cells with pectolinarin were significantly increased cellular TG content [11]. Apigenin, but not luteorin, significantly inhibited adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells [40]. Although many phenolic compounds have been reported to inhibit lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells [41], the hexane extract of the lowest phenolic content among CL extracts herein inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells (Figure 1B and Additional file 1: Table S2). This finding suggests that the anti-obesity activity of CL is associated with more hydrophobic non-phenolic compounds. Further purification and identification of active component(s) in CL would be necessary.
Liao et al.[11, 12] reported that pectolinarin and DDMF, which are flavonoids isolated from C. japonicum DC, enhance adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and alleviate streptozotocin-induced diabetes through enhanced PPARγ expression and adiponectin production. Crude extracts prepared from C. oligophyllum significantly suppressed the lipid accumulation in WATs by upregulating UCP1 and UCP3 expression in WATs and skin, respectively [13]. In our present study, the hexane extract inhibited adipocyte development and TG accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells with no change in PPARγ gene expression (Figures 1B and 2). Dietary CL reduced the WAT weights without any changes in serum adiponectin levels (Table 2). An inhibition of intestinal TG absorption generally decreased blood TG level, and a similar result is observed with cholesterol [42]. In the present study, significant decrease in serum NEFA level were observed but not in TG and cholesterol levels of CL-fed mice (Table 2). Therefore, the reduction in the adipose tissue weight may be explained by the decreased endogenous NEFA supply for adipogenesis and the enhancement of fatty acid oxidation. Significant changes in the mRNA levels of lipid metabolism-related genes and the lipid content in the livers of the CL diet group appear to support this hypothesis. However, these data do not necessarily negate the possibility that CL interfered the lipid absorption, and thereby exerted the anti-obesity activity as was the case in the previous studies. Further studies are needed to address this question.
The present results clearly demonstrated the presence of antiobesity phytochemicals in CL, thereby providing scientific evidence to promote the development of natural and safe antiobesity agents from CL. The components in CL remains to be identified, and further studies should be conducted to gain insights into the mechanism of action of CL.
Alanine aminotransferase
Aspartate aminotransferase
AOX:
Acyl-CoA oxidase
B6:
C57BL/6
CBAG:
Cirsium brevicaule A GRAY
C/EBP:
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein
CL:
CBAG leaf
CPT:
Calnitine palmitoyltrasferase
DDMF:
5, 7-dihydroxy-6, 4'-dimethoxyflavone
FABP:
Fatty acid binding protein
FASN:
HFD:
High fat diet
INSIG:
Insulin induced gene
IR:
MEST:
Mesoderm-specific transcript
NAFLD:
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
NEFA:
Non-esterified fatty acids
PPAR:
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
SREBP:
Sterol regulatory element-binding protein
T2DM:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
UCP:
Uncoupling protein
WAT:
White adipose tissue.
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Huang H, McIntosh AL, Martin GG, Petrescu AD, Landrock KK, Landrock D, Kier AB, Schroeder F: Inhibitors of fatty acid synthesis induce PPAR alpha -regulated fatty acid beta -oxidative genes: synergistic roles of L-FABP and glucose. PPAR Res. 2013, 2013: 865604.
Nakatani T, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Takahashi M, Miura S, Ezaki O: Mechanism for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activator-induced up-regulation of UCP2 mRNA in rodent hepatocytes. J Biol Chem. 2002, 277 (11): 9562-9569. 10.1074/jbc.M110132200
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Chavez-Tapia NC, Rosso N, Tiribelli C: Effect of intracellular lipid accumulation in a new model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2012, 12: 20- 10.1186/1471-230X-12-20
Dey D, Bhattacharya A, Roy S, Bhattacharya S: Fatty acid represses insulin receptor gene expression by impairing HMGA1 through protein kinase Cepsilon. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007, 357 (2): 474-479. 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.03.183
Ruddock MW, Stein A, Landaker E, Park J, Cooksey RC, McClain D, Patti ME: Saturated fatty acids inhibit hepatic insulin action by modulating insulin receptor expression and post-receptor signalling. J Biochem. 2008, 144 (5): 599-607. 10.1093/jb/mvn105
Yabe D, Komuro R, Liang G, Goldstein JL, Brown MS: Liver-specific mRNA for Insig-2 down-regulated by insulin: implications for fatty acid synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003, 100 (6): 3155-3160. 10.1073/pnas.0130116100
Dong XY, Tang SQ: Insulin-induced gene: a new regulator in lipid metabolism. Peptides. 2010, 31 (11): 2145-2150. 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.07.020
Horton JD, Goldstein JL, Brown MS: SREBPs: activators of the complete program of cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis in the liver. J Clin Invest. 2002, 109 (9): 1125-1131.
Iwashina T, Ito T, Ootani S: Identification and peculiarity of flavonoid compounds in leaves of Japanese Circium species. Ann Tsukuba Bot Gard. 1988, 7: 149-158.
Morita N, Fukuta M, Shimizu M: Studies on the Medicinal Resources. XXIII: Flavonoids of Cirsium plants (Compositae) in Japan. (4). Components of the leaves of Cirsium microspicatum NAKAI var. kiotoense KITAM., C, dipsacolepis MATSUM., C. brevicaule A. GRAY, C. Matsumurae NAKAI, C. yakusimense MASAMUNE, C. amplexifolium KITAM., C. buergeri MIQ., C. nipponicum MAKINO var. Yoshinoi KITAM., C. spinosum KITAM., C. tanakae MATSUM. subsp. aomorense KITAM. and C. arvense SCOP, var. setosum LEDEB. Jap J Pharmacognosy. 1964, 18 (1): 9-11.
Jordon-Thaden IE, Louda SA: Chemistry of Cirsium and Carduus: a role in ecological risk assessment for biological control of weeds?. Biochem Syst Ecol. 2003, 31 (12): 1353-1396. 10.1016/S0305-1978(03)00130-3.
Kim J, Lee I, Seo J, Jung M, Kim Y, Yim N, Bae K: Vitexin, orientin and other flavonoids from Spirodela polyrhiza inhibit adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Phytother Res. 2010, 24 (10): 1543-1548. 10.1002/ptr.3186
Hsu CL, Yen GC: Phenolic compounds: evidence for inhibitory effects against obesity and their underlying molecular signaling mechanisms. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2008, 52 (1): 53-61. 10.1002/mnfr.200700393
Ros E: Intestinal absorption of triglyceride and cholesterol. Dietary and pharmacological inhibition to reduce cardiovascular risk. Atherosclerosis. 2000, 151 (2): 357-379. 10.1016/S0021-9150(00)00456-1
We thank Tokunoshima-cho in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan, for generously providing the freeze-dried and ground powder of CL that was used in this study.
Center of Molecular Biosciences, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213, Japan
Masashi Inafuku, Ruwani N. Nugara, Itsuki Futenma, Ayako Inafuku & Hirosuke Oku
United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
Ruwani N. Nugara
Tokunoshima Tokushukai Hospital, 7588 Kametsu, Tokunoshima, Kagoshima, 891-7101, Japan
Yasuo Kamiyama
Masashi Inafuku
Itsuki Futenma
Ayako Inafuku
Hirosuke Oku
Correspondence to Hirosuke Oku.
MI made a substantial contribution to the conception and design of this study by performing the experiments, assembling, analyzing, and interpreting the data and drafting the manuscript. RN, IF, and AI participated in the experimental work and collected, assembled, and analyzed the data. YK contributed to the conception of this study and the preparation of the materials for the experiments. HO contributed to planning the experiments, discussing the results, and preparing the manuscript. All of the authors have read and approved of the final manuscript.
Table S2.
Additional file 1: Table S1: Primer sequences for real time PCR amplification. Effects of Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY leaf (CL) extracts on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (DOCX 29 KB)
Inafuku, M., Nugara, R.N., Kamiyama, Y. et al. Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY leaf inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and C57BL/6 mice. Lipids Health Dis 12, 124 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-12-124
Cirsium brevicaule A. GRAY
Anti-adipogenesis
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease


We carry out a lot of work for the NHS and were contracted to project manage the campaign to distribute important information promoting the NHS 111 service.
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text:
Runinskrift Ög 91 är en runsten av grå granit som står i ett hörn intill Järstads kyrka i Mjölby kommun.

Stenen restes på sin nuvarande plats 1895 efter att innan dess ha varit inmurad i vinkeln mellan vapenhusets östra och långhusets södra vägg. Runstenen är 178 cm hög och 40 cm tjock. Ornamentiken är enkel och själva runslingan består av endast sju ord som löper i ett band kring en korsfigur och runornas höjd varierar mellan 14 och 18 cm.
Runorna, som är skadade på vissa ställen, tolkas enligt följande:

Inskriften

Enligt Erik Brate har ristaren använt sig av ett förkortat skrivsätt för namnet yuia, på samma sätt som denne även gjort för ordet rit, ræisti, vilket gör namnet svårtolkat. Han ger ändå namnförslaget "Orökja". a-mu tolkar han som ackusativformen av det fornsvenska kvinnonamnet Amma. Denna tolkning är dock baserad på hans translitteration av namnet, aamu, där han antager att det ena a:et är en rättelse av det andra.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Dallas Police Make Arrest in Transgender Woman's Murder
http://www.nbcwashington.com/news/national-international/Dallas-Police-Make-Arrest-in-Transgender-Womans-Murder-511605241.html
A 22-year-old man was arrested in connection with the murder of a transgender woman in Dallas, police announced Thursday. (Published Friday, June 21, 2019)
A 22-year-old man is behind bars, accused of murdering a transgender woman in Dallas, police announced Thursday.
The body of 26-year-old Chynal Lindsey, a black, transgender woman, was pulled from White Rock Lake on June 1. She died of obvious homicidal violence, police said. Lindsey's death is one of four known attacks or murders aganst black transgender women since October of last year.
Dallas police said a passerby called about 5:45 p.m. after spotting the woman's body in the lake.
Ruben Alvarado was arrested and charged with first degree murder in Lindsey's death.
Police did not say what led them to develop Alvarado as a suspect, but they did say he is refusing to cooperate with detectives.
Alvarado is currently being held in the Dallas County Jail on a $500,000 bond.
Lindsey's cousin, Tamaya Lindsey, spoke with NBC 5 Thursday evening and wanted to leave a message for Alvarado.
"I just want to know, 'How did you feel about after you realized that you took another human beings life?' Or, 'Do you just feel bad now because you're caught and you're trying to figure out how to get out of it?' Which you're not," she said. "And I just want you to know I'll be at every court appearance, even if it's just me."
Earlier this month, police arrested a different man and charged him with the murder of transgender woman Muhlaysia Booker. Kendrell Lavar Lyles, 33, was being held without bond in the Collin County Jail in McKinney. Lyles faces two other murder charges in the deaths of Leticia Grant and Kenneth Cichocki.
Booker's father told NBC 5 that Lyles knew both his daughter and Chynal Lindsey.


text:
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Dishing on Dishes: The stories behind five Valley signature plates
by Hunter Styles | Feb 18, 2015
Coco & The Cellar Bar
The dish: Buttermilk Fried Chicken
Simple is best
Fried chicken may seem an odd fit for a gourmet menu, but Coco's co-owners, cooks — and husband and wife — Roger Taylor and Unmi Abkin have embraced its simple pleasures.
Discussing Coco's menu with a new customer usually begins with the fried chicken, Taylor says. "There are no special spices, no secret flour. No tricks. We believe the simple stuff is the best stuff — that's what it comes down to. You can't over-think it." Taylor says he was inspired to make this stripped-down style of fried chicken — which is served at Coco with a side of jalapeño slaw — while working in North Oakland, Calif. from 2007 to 2011. While on break from the restaurant Pizzaiolo, where Taylor worked, he would walk to a bakery and sandwich shop on the corner called Bakesale Betty. "We adored their fried chicken sandwich," he says, "and we wanted to figure out how to incorporate it into a meal." "Fried chicken is just in Oakland's bones," he adds, and explains that the boom in shipbuilding during World War II drew many workers from the South to the Bay Area to aid in the war effort. "A lot of those people stayed. It's an important part of the culture and the food scene there."
Fast-forward to Taylor and Abkin's Easthampton eatery. The two strive to keep the food at Coco bold-flavored, but not heavy or dense — a challenge when it comes to fried chicken. That slaw, which features a blend of green cabbage, red onion, jalapeño, and cilantro, helps punch up the plate and cut through the fat. Every menu item must be driven by what Taylor describes as a "bright, alive, vibrant" taste."
The chicken sells so well, Taylor says, that he and the kitchen staff have installed a fryer dedicated solely to cooking fried chicken — a tricky decision given the restaurant's limited stovetop space.
"It's tight quarters back there," Taylor says. "But I think it actually works as a plus for us. The menu has to be lean. You can't just throw anything on the menu. We really can only focus on the things we feel strongly about."
Those strong feelings reach wide, culinarily speaking — the other four current entree items at Coco are roasted trout, lasagna, Neapolitan meatballs, and the Korean mixed rice dish bibimbap. But the cooking stays simple, Taylor says. "We tell each other, and our new cooks, that when it comes to food, just because you can do something doesn't mean you should." In other words, it's easy to muddy the waters — particularly in adding too many ingredients. That's why Taylor sends his fried chicken out in a simple buttermilk batter, with garlic mashed potatoes, slaw, and little else.
"That's the key," he says. "There's nothing in the fried chicken that doesn't need to be there. It's all about simplicity. I think that's why it hits the spot."
Bela Restaurant
The dish: The Cindy Special
A departed friend, a special plate
When cook Lily Olpindo opened Bela 23 years ago, she felt hard-pressed to find vegetarian meals in the Valley that delivered rich spices and complex flavors. "The vegetarian option at one place might be fettucini alfredo, and at another place it might be grilled cheese," she says. "I wanted to do something eclectic." The menu she's put together at Bela blends Asian and Indian items. She cooks with soy lemon butter, lemon caper glaze, rich sauces, and spicy garlic. As the only one in the kitchen, Olpindo makes daily adjustments to the menu at will.
But the Cindy Special — a veggie cutlet patty served with gravy and a side of steamed vegetables — has remained on the menu for over five years now. It is named, Olpindo explains, for a regular customer who eventually succumbed to cancer.
"She would come here and eat a burger patty and some steamed vegetables, because that's all she could eat," Olpindo says. Cindy lived in Longmeadow, she says, but she would come to Cooley Dickinson Hospital for treatment, then stop in at Bela for lunch.
"They came because Bela is such a small space," she says. "It's as much a community as a restaurant. We come to know everyone who visits regularly." Olpindo makes the veggie cutlet patty using lentil and bulgur, sunflower seeds, rolled oats, and lots of onion and garlic. It's a recipe she inherited from The Fez, the previous restaurant in that space.
When Cindy died about six years ago, Olpindo decided to honor their friendship by donating half of the proceeds from each sale of the Cindy Special to the Visiting Nurses Association of Cooley Dickinson. Olpindo says donations over the past several years have added up to several thousand dollars. "It's a popular meal," she says.
A Touch of Garlic
The dish: Lasagna
Just like mom used to make
Joe Rescia opened his Italian restaurant on White Street 21 years ago, and he estimates that 15 or so items have been on the menu since day one. "Those are the staples we really can't get rid of." The common factor in most of those staples: they were created by his mother Dolores. She provided Rescia with her own recipes for some basics, like marinara, bolognese, and a few aiolis. But her lasagna recipe, he says, is a crowd-pleaser at the restaurant. Stuffed with ricotta, romano and mozzarella cheese, and bolognese sauce, the meal is baked to order, "so it comes out bubbling, with a nice crisp cheese on top."
Dolores lives in Wilbraham now, but she raised Rescia two blocks from A Touch of Garlic. In the first days of the restaurant, he says, he used to walk to work. Before his mother retired, she worked part-time in the offices of Bay Path College in Longmeadow and also as a hairdresser. But even on long days, he says, she'd start cooking for the family as soon as she got home, using recipes from her own mother.
"We had that lasagna all the time," he says. "We had polenta, chicken cacciatore, and fried meatballs on Saturdays. She was always cooking. There was always a pot on the stove. It was comfort food." One particularly clear memory Rescia holds dear: standing at the stovetop as a child and dipping hunks of star bread from Mercolino's Bakery into hot, fresh tomato sauce. "Everything was homemade," he says.
In the early years of A Touch of Garlic, Dolores used to come in and make the lasagna herself. Now, at age 82, she's scaled back her contributions to the restaurant, providing cheesecake and some special desserts for the holidays. Rescia says he sees her at least once a week. "She brings friends. I talk to her all the time. Our family's very tight."
If his mother taught him one lesson in cooking, Rescia says, it's that ingredients matter. That's why, when he tries out a new product, she often tags along to help him evaluate it. "That makes a big difference." And in between visits to her son's establishment? "She's great," he says. "She's still driving. She plays golf. And she keeps cooking."
La Veracruzana
Amherst and Northampton
The dish: Enfrijoladas
Beyond burritos, tacos, and enchiladas
People identify Mexican food with whatever they're being sold," says Martin Carrera, who opened La Veracruzana in 1989. "When you look at the burrito craze that started in the '90s, and continues to this day at places like Chipotle, you can see why people think Mexican food is just burritos, tacos, and enchiladas." But when Carrera thinks of a Mexican meal that's special to him, his mind goes right to the enfrijoladas (say "en-FREE-ho-LAH-das"). At La Veracruzana, that meal is comprised of three corn tortillas that are fried lightly, then dipped in black bean puree and filled with cheese. The dish is served with rice and sour cream.
Carrera remembers this dish as one that his aunt would make for him at breakfast when he was a child visiting her in Mexico City. Carrera grew up in California and Washington state, but he says he still has a lot of family in Mexico, and he tries to visit with some regularity, staying with different aunts, uncles, and cousins.
This aunt, he explains, lives in the suburbs outside Mexico City. Her father was the president of a large polytechnic university. The man she fell in love with, by contrast, was poor, paying his way through school by selling oranges. "Her father wasn't too happy about that," he says.
Eventually, Carrera's uncle became a professor at that same university. The young couple lived well. And whenever Carrera came to visit from America, she would make him enfrijoladas.
It was fresh, delicious food, he says, but quite basic. "She wouldn't say she was a cook. But this was the stuff she would make for us when we stayed with her. It's the memory that's important." And simple food goes a long way at his restaurant, he says. Quality ingredients for Mexican cooking have become cheaper and more readily available since 1989 — "We used to charge extra for cilantro! Can you believe it?" — and his two locations are well established by now.
Pintu's Indian Palace
The dish: Tandoori Lamb Chops
Celebration on a sizzling platter
When the plate of lamb chops leaves the kitchen, you can hear it coming — this entree sizzles on a hotplate, giving off a cloud of lemon-infused steam. Restaurant owner and chef Pintu Chawla says customers are sometimes surprised by how tender the lamb chops are here, compared with tandoori cooking they may have sampled elsewhere.
"This has become a signature entree for us," Chawla says. When he opened the restaurant 14 years ago at its earlier location on Elm Street, he says several people told him not to include lamb chops on the menu. "It's expensive to produce. But I was confident it was going to do well."
For this dish, Chawla marinates the lamb chops in a spiced ginger and garlic yogurt before barbecuing them on skewers in a charcoal tandoori oven. Then they go onto a hotplate with onions and cabbage plus a little butter and vinegar. They're topped with fresh lemon and a spice mix called chaat masala, which includes dried mango, black pepper, sea salt, and chili pepper.
It isn't a spicy dish, although the menu at Pintu's runs the gamut from mild, creamy chicken tikka masala to very spicy vindaloo. Menu items are culled from traditional dishes across the subcontinent, though Chawla leans toward North Indian cuisine.
These tandoori lamb chops are eaten throughout the country, says Chawla, who grew up in India before coming to the states as a young man in 1992. He says his family ate the dish once or twice a month at weddings, receptions, and other special gatherings, lamb and fish dishes being more of a luxury than chicken.
Chawla inherited his love of cooking from his father, who often cooked at home for the family. "My uncles and my dad were avid cooks," he says. "Whenever my father took us out for lunch or dinner, he never looked at the menu. I remember that very solidly. He would go to the owner or the chef and he would say, 'Serve me what you would eat tonight, and I will eat that.' No questions asked."
The amount of discretion Chawla saw his father leave to the kitchen was striking. "There was such trust. That's what we have in our restaurant, too."
Four out of five customers at any given time are personal friends, he says. "They know me well. I'm proud that my customers trust me. Some of them don't look at the menu — they just ask me to send them out what's good."•
Contact Hunter Styles at hstyles@valleyadvocate.com.
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