Recent research has revealed that soy milk benefits are quite comparable to that of cow's milk. However, if you are suffering from adrenal fatigue, no one can blame you for being cautious about this latest development. After all, there is much to be concerned about when it comes to soy milk and how it can compromise adrenal health and trigger adrenal exhaustion. Fortunately, there is a way to make soy milk a healthier and safer drink for your adrenal glands. The key is in how it is prepared.
A recent study conducted by McGill University in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, Canada, has a lot of people discussing soy milk benefits.
The study comes at a time when there is much talk about milk allergy and lactose intolerance throughout the United States and the world. The discussion is becoming prevalent for good reason. According to a report from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Institute of Health, as many as 30 to 50 million American adults are suffering from lactose intolerance. The American College of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology also estimates that around two to three percent of children who are younger than three years old suffer from a milk allergy.
Because of these issues, it has become important to find an alternative to cow's milk that supplies the body with the right amount of nutrients to stay healthy. These include calcium, vitamin D, protein, potassium, phosphorus, and a whole lot of other essential nutrients.
For anyone with lactose intolerance or allergy to cow's milk, the best way to get these milk nutrients without experiencing intolerance or allergy symptoms is by drinking alternative plant-based kinds of milk or even goat's milk. While both types of cow's milk alternatives may be widely available in the market today, the study had found that there is little information regarding the nutritional value of plant-based milk when consumed in the short-term and long-term. Hence, the study attempted to shed more light on the matter.
For research purposes, authors Sai Kranthi Vanga and Vijaya Raghavan closely examined the four most commonly consumed plant-based milk beverages: coconut milk, almond milk, rice milk, and soy milk. Based on their review, it was found that soy milk had a comparable nutrient balance to cow's milk. Hence, soy milk benefits the body better than other plant-based kinds of milk. In addition, the authors also found that soy milk had the highest protein content among all the cow's milk alternatives, guaranteeing between seven to 12 grams in an eight-ounce serving.
As promising as this development is, however, there are many who may still hesitate to drink soy milk daily. Many are concerned about adrenal health and soy. That's because, although beneficial, soy milk may still be harmful to the adrenal glands so long as it remains unfermented.
Soy is a plant-based food that possesses both good and bad properties. It all depends on the type of soy that you are including in your diet.
Generally, there are two types of soy products: fermented and unfermented. Both may be a rich source of protein. However, they tend to affect your overall health in significantly different ways.
Fermented soy refers to soy products that went through a long fermentation process. Doing so allows for the breakdown of several harmful antinutrients. These substances tend to interfere with the body's ability to absorb minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients. In addition, fermenting soy before consuming it also makes it easier for the body to digest.
Fermented soy is also rich in probiotics. These good bacteria provide nourishment to the gut, improving digestion and nutrient absorption. Fermented soy products also happen to be a rich source of vitamin K2, which the body needs to metabolize calcium and support both cardiovascular and bone health.
Some of the most common fermented soy products are miso, tempeh, and natto. While these foods are a common feature in Asian diets, Western diets typically lack fermented soy. Instead, it tends to focus more foods on that utilize unfermented soy.
As the name suggests, unfermented soy products are those that had never undergone the fermentation process prior to being offered for consumption. This poses some problems for health.
For starters, since it has not undergone fermentation, this type of soy still carries a host of harmful anti-nutrients. These include enzyme inhibitors that interfere with the body's ability to properly digest protein. In addition, unfermented soy also contains large amounts of phytic acid, which can block the utilization of minerals such as copper, iron, magnesium, zinc, and calcium in the intestinal tract.
Aside from this, unfermented soy also contains a significant amount of phytoestrogens. These are plant compounds that tend to resemble actual human estrogen and affect ovarian hormone balance. In fact, they can readily block your body's normal estrogen and even disrupt your endocrine function. Phytoestrogens may also cause infertility and even increase one's risk of developing breast cancer.
At the same time, unfermented soy products also have a tendency to worsen adrenal fatigue. The consumption of this type of soy can compromise a number of functions in the body and, as a result, trigger chronic stress.
In addition to the above problems, unfermented soy also has a tendency to cause problems for the thyroid glands. This, in turn, disrupts adrenal gland function.
Today, thyroid disorders are becoming increasingly common. In fact, the American Thyroid Association reports that as many as 20 million Americans are already suffering from thyroid disorders, with more than 12 percent of the population are expected to develop a thyroid condition at some point during their lifetime. When you have a thyroid problem and you decide to take unfermented soy, adrenal exhaustion can occur.
When a person experiences a state of stress, the body response by way of the NeuroEndoMetabolic (NEM) Stress Response system. This system activates several major glands in the body, including the adrenal glands and thyroid glands.
To deal with stress and help you fight or flee, the adrenal glands secrete cortisol. This is known as the body's primary stress hormone. So long as the stress continues, the adrenals maintain elevated levels of cortisol in the body.
As this continues, it can eventually cause your thyroid and adrenal glands can become overworked and stressed. When stress becomes chronic, it may result in Adrenal Fatigue Syndrome (AFS).
Because of this, consuming unfermented soy is not a good idea, especially if your thyroid health is already compromised. If you want to consume soy regularly, it would be best to opt for fermented soy.
Consuming milk that has already been fermented does not put any added stress on your thyroid and adrenal glands. Fermenting soy milk involves the introduction of yeast, bacteria strains, and organic acids into the milk. Based on available studies, fermentation of soy milk has been done with lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria.
Due to the fermentation process, the antinutrients in soy milk are destroyed. As a result, the milk also becomes much easier to digest. Therefore, you are able to get all of the amazing soy milk benefits without having to worry about your thyroid and adrenal glands. Fermented soy milk even helps with overcoming stress and relieving adrenal fatigue.
One study found that fermented soy milk is capable of reducing oxidative stress effects in animals. Another study conducted in Malaysia also found that fermented soy milk shows significant potential in combating oxidative stress.
In addition, a study conducted in Spain found that soy milk's anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential are further increased when fermented with Enterococcus faecium strains which had been isolated from raw soy milk. On the other hand, a study conducted by the National Taiwan University found that spray-drying fermented soy milk causes a decrease in antioxidative properties. Nonetheless, dried fermented soy milk has significantly greater antioxidative properties than dried unfermented soy milk.
Before you get soy milk benefits by making fermented soy milk a daily addition to your diet, however, it is best to consult with your physician or nutritionist. Allergies are possible, and even more likely if you have adrenal fatigue or thyroid issues. Some symptoms of this include abdominal pain, skin redness, tingling in the mouth, itching, hives, wheezing and even swelling of the tongue, throat, face, and lips. To be on the safe side, it certainly helps to rule out soy allergy before making fermented soy milk a part of daily diet.
In a clean glass jar, combine the soy milk and the water kefir.
Cover the jar with a lid and store at room temperature for around 24 hours.
After the fermentation period, the kefir fermented soy milk can be consumed immediately. While you can store this in the refrigerator, keep in mind that it will continue to ferment at low temperatures. Hence, you might see a separation between the liquid and the soy curd and a slightly thicker consistency, similar to yogurt.
As you can see, making your own fermented soy milk at home is quite easy. It takes very few ingredients and also requires very little effort. And the best part is, you get all the amazing soy milk benefits without having to worry about how antinutrients can harm your adrenals.


text:
Are Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles Formed in a One-Pot
Jul 2, 2019 - One of the most important goals of this article is to prevent a huge wave of misinterpretations caused by the article of Zhong et al. Ho...
Photostable and Biocompatible Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles
Peptide-Conjugated Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles Enabling
Silicon Nanoparticles: Are They Crystalline from the Core to the
Silicon Nanoparticles: Are they Crystalline from the ... - ACS Publications
One-Pot Synthesis of Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles for Sensitive
Full text access provided via ACS AuthorChoice
Are fluorescent silicon nanoparticles formed in a one-pot aqueous synthesis? Bohdan V. Oliinyk, Dmytro Korytko, Vladimir Lysenko, and Sergei Alekseev Chem. Mater., Just Accepted Manuscript • DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b01067 • Publication Date (Web): 02 Jul 2019 Downloaded from pubs.acs.org on July 18, 2019
Just Accepted "Just Accepted" manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and accepted for publication. They are posted online prior to technical editing, formatting for publication and author proofing. The American Chemical Society provides "Just Accepted" as a service to the research community to expedite the dissemination of scientific material as soon as possible after acceptance. "Just Accepted" manuscripts appear in full in PDF format accompanied by an HTML abstract. "Just Accepted" manuscripts have been fully peer reviewed, but should not be considered the official version of record. They are citable by the Digital Object Identifier (DOI®). "Just Accepted" is an optional service offered to authors. Therefore, the "Just Accepted" Web site may not include all articles that will be published in the journal. After a manuscript is technically edited and formatted, it will be removed from the "Just Accepted" Web site and published as an ASAP article. Note that technical editing may introduce minor changes to the manuscript text and/or graphics which could affect content, and all legal disclaimers and ethical guidelines that apply to the journal pertain. ACS cannot be held responsible for errors or consequences arising from the use of information contained in these "Just Accepted" manuscripts.
is published by the American Chemical Society. 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W., Washington, DC 20036 Published by American Chemical Society. Copyright © American Chemical Society. However, no copyright claim is made to original U.S. Government works, or works produced by employees of any Commonwealth realm Crown government in the course of their duties.
Page 1 of 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Are fluorescent silicon nanoparticles formed in a one-pot aqueous synthesis? Bohdan V. Oliinyk1,2*, Dmytro Korytko1, Vladimir Lysenko3,4 and Sergei Alekseev1 1Chemistry 2Institute
Department, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska Street, 64, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine of Analytical Sciences, UMR-5280, Claude Bernard University of Lyon, 5 rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne,
France 3Lyon Institute of Nanotechnology, UMR-5270, INSA Lyon, 7 avenue Jean Capelle, 69621 Villeurbanne, France 4Light Matter Institute, UMR-5306, Claude Bernard University of Lyon, 2 rue Victor Grignard, 69622 Villeurbanne, France ABSTRACT: Critical analysis of the data reported by Zhong et al. (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135 (22), 8350–8356)1 is carried out. In particular, one of the main results of Zhong et al. concerning the formation of photoluminescent silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) in an aqueous solution of (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS) and trisodium citrate dihydrate (Na3Cit) under microwave heating is impugned. These results are reconsidered here because of what appear to be significant inaccuracies and misinterpretations that have been spread through a wide number of other subsequent publications. oxygen. Moreover, silicon nanoparticles of the claimed size are extremely difficult to passivate and would be very rapidly oxidized to SiO2 under action of water.5 If the reported reduction of the Si– O bonds by citrate were reproducible by other groups, the impact of this discovery would be much more important than just an easy and scalable method for preparation of Si NPs for biological applications. It would represent a new page of silicon chemistry that opens the door to the preparation of inexpensive silicon and silicon-based materials manufacturing. Thus, it deserves to be further investigated to avoid any incorrect speculation on that theme. First of all, the TEM micrographs presented by Zhong et al. (Fig. 1a) as well as a similar image from reference 17 show: (i) a number of spherical particles without any evidence of crystallinity at a 5 nm scale, and (ii) a single obviously crystalline particle at a 1 nm scale. However, if the lattice fringes are clearly visible at a 1 nm scale, they should be also visible at a 5 nm scale at least for a few particles having the correct orientation with respect to the incident electron beam (e.g. see Fig. 1b). Furthermore, taking into account the scale bar (1 nm) in Fig. 1a, the lattice spacing cannot correspond to 0.19 nm as is indicated, but rather to 0.057 nm, which seems doubtful for Si NPs. An XRD pattern of the particles prepared by Zhong et al. (Fig. 1c) differs significantly from typical XRD patterns of Si NPs (Fig. 1d). Indeed, no characteristic broad peaks inherent to the nanoscale crystallites55 can be seen on Fig.1c. The narrow and barely visible peaks at 2 theta = 28 and 47 degrees in Fig. 1c can be related rather to traces of some crystalline admixtures (inorganic salts, for example), residual peaks from the "zero‐background sample holder made of monocrystalline silicon plate"1 or other artifacts. Furthermore, no data regarding the X- ray source is given in the original paper. Thus, the XRD data does not provide solid evidence of the formation of the 204 nm crystalline Si NPs. Finally, according to the best practices of NPs characterization,58
Being stable, environmentally benign, and inexpensively synthesized, silicon-based nanomaterials have versatile and wideranging optical, electronic, and biocompatible/biodegradable properties.2–4 In particular, due to their unique optical characteristics, silicon-based colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) are well known to be extremely promising for various multidisciplinary applications, such as, bio-imaging5,6, drug delivery7, photo-induced therapy8 and many others.9–12 A variety of physical, chemical, physico-chemical, and electrochemical techniques have been developed to produce dispersions of luminescent nanometer sized silicon crystallites.13,14 In 2013, a new aqueous synthetic approach based on one‐pot synthesis of fluorescent Si NPs, using of (3‐aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) as the silicon source and trisodium citrate dihydrate (Na3Cit) was reported by Zhong et al..1 This work has attracted a great deal of attention from the scientific community since 2013 and has accumulated 227 citations according to Google Scholar (June 6, 2019), 203 citations according to Scopus (May 18, 2019), or 191 citations according to SciFinder (June 6, 2019). Among all these papers, special attention should be paid to those that specifically mention use of the approach described in this paper for the basis or jumping off point for their own work.15–51 At first inspection, the proposed technique seems to have many advantages in comparison with most other approaches reported earlier. Of these advantages, one can emphasize in particular the following: (i) water is used as a solvent, (ii) short reaction times are sufficient (15 min), (iii) low temperatures are needed (160°C), and (iv) inexpensive precursors work well. However, taking into account common accepted knowledge in the field of silicon chemistry,52–54 low temperature formation of crystalline Si0 nanoparticles (as reported by Zhong et al.) from the water solutions of alkoxysilanes seems very doubtful. Indeed, it remains entirely unclear what reactants in the reaction mixture are remotely capable of reducing a silicon atom bound to
ACS Paragon Plus Environment
Chemistry of Materials 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Figure 1. (a) HRTEM images of Na3Cit + APTMS reaction product. Reprinted with permission from reference 1. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society. (b) HRTEM images of plasma synthesis Si NPs. Reprinted with permission from reference 56. Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society. (c) powder XRD patterns of Na3Cit + APTMS reaction product. Reprinted with permission from reference 1. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society.(d) powder XRD patterns of crystalline Si and H-terminated Si NPs of different sizes. Reprinted with permission from reference 57. Copyright 2019 American Chemical Society. spectra were collected using Edinburgh Instruments Ltd. FLS920 spectrometer with a Xe lamp (150W, Hamamatsu) as the excitation source. The PL, PL excitation and optical absorbance spectra were found to be identical (Fig. 2b and 2c), independent of the presence or absence of silicon in the organic amine. Furthermore, the general appearance and the spectral properties of the "Si NPs sol" described by Zhong et al. are also identical to those shown here in Fig. 2. In addition, to further confirm the similarity of the reaction products, time-resolved PL and PL photostability experiments were carried out. A picosecond pulsed laser EPL-375 (λem = 377.2 nm, 76.4 ps pulse width) was used as an excitation source for the timeresolved PL measurements. Fig. 3a shows time-resolved PL of the both samples. The degree of the similarity between the two samples is obvious, and indeed fitting with a single exponent (𝑦 = 𝑦0 +𝐴 𝑥 𝑒 ― 𝜏) yields close PL lifetimes: 7 ns and 8 ns for n-C3H7NH2 and APTMS derived samples, respectively. Such low and similar PL lifetimes suggests a common molecular nature of the luminescent species. A 100 W Hg-lamp (UVP, Blak-Ray® B-100AP, 21,700 µW/cm2 at 2 inches) with a 365nm bandpass filter was used for illumination of the samples to study their PL photostability. Aqueous solutions (15 ml) of both samples with similar PL intensities were mounted in the center of the lamp beam, with a distance of 5 cm from the lamp filter (effective radiated cross-section of the tubes were ~15 cm2). Samples were collected and their PL spectra were measured at certain time moments. As one can see in Fig. 3b, the observed
provision of XPS data is absolutely necessary. Indeed, it could shed light on the oxidation state of silicon atoms in the particles. However, no thorough XPS analysis was provided in this publication, and thus, the compositional identity of the NPs is still questionable. In order to check the assumption expressed by Zhong et al. regarding the formation of Si NPs, the following control reactions between sodium citrate and organic amine (one containing silicon, APTMS, and one without silicon, n-propylamine) have been carried out. The reaction conditions were chosen to be the closest to those by Zhong et al, as described here. In particular, 5 mmoles of amine were added to 10 ml of deionized water. Then, 5 mmoles of trisodium citrate were added. In the case of n-C3H7NH2, 15 mmoles of methanol were added to simulate the same conditions as in the case of APTMS, which hydrolyses in water to producing methanol. At this point, the solutions were transferred into 25 ml PTFE-lined stainless steel autoclaves. The sealed autoclaves were heated to 180°C in an electric oven and left for an additional 5 hours at this temperature. The final solutions were centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 5 min, but no precipitate was observed to form, as had been reported. Products of the reactions of Na3Cit with both Si-containing APTMS and Si-free n-C3H7NH2 appeared as yellowish (colorless upon dilution) clear solutions with bright blue photoluminescence (PL) under UV excitation (Fig. 2a). Steady-state PL and absorption
Chemistry of Materials Thus, we can conclude with some certainty that silicon is not responsible for the optical properties of the obtained reaction products. Of course, Si atoms could be introduced into the structure of the (Na3Cit+APTMS) reaction product, but their impact on the resulting optical properties is negligible. Considering the experiments described earlier, as well as taking into account the general chemical properties of silicon, it seems reasonable to assume that the formation of Si NPs (with a Si0 crystalline core) under the hydrothermal conditions of reference 1 seems rather doubtful and improbable. As for the data of Zhong et al. as it pertains to the optical properties, the observations may be simply attributed to organic carbon-containing particles and/or molecular fluorophores formed as a result of multiple chemical transformations (predominantly, condensation reactions). Indeed, the PL properties reported by Zhong et al. are similar to those of different carbon nanoparticles and organic dyes. Furthermore, numerous papers devoted to the synthesis of photoluminescent carbon nanoparticles from different amino-containing silanes (e.g. APTMS, APTES and etc.) and miscellaneous organic compounds (e.g. polybasic carboxylic acids, carbohydrates and etc.) have been published.59–61 According to the described findings, the aminosilane serves as nitrogen source and as surface modifier. Thus, the obtained carbon nanoparticles have alkoxysilane-covered surfaces and could be involved in further transformations.
Figure 2. (a) Appearance of the reaction products under ambient light (left) and 365 nm irradiation (right). PL, PL excitation and absorbance spectra of (b) Na3Cit + n-C3H7NH2 and (c) Na3Cit + APTMS reactions products (λexcitation = 365 nm, and λemission = 450 nm). photobleaching dynamics are identical for both samples. The results of comparative analysis of time-resolved PL and photobleaching behavior are in good agreement with the other optical properties described above. All these experimental data strongly emphasize the similarity of the products obtained during the reactions between sodium citrate and organic amines, which of course includes the sample containing APTMS (the Si-containing amine), and the silicon-free sample that only has n-propylamine.
Figure 3. (a) Time-resolved fluorescence and (b) PL photostability of Si-containing (APTMS) and Si-free (n-C3H7NH2) reaction products.
Finally, according to the literature, citrate or citric acid reacts with amine-containing compounds under elevated temperature with formation of brightly luminescent products.60–72 Their chemical structures are very diverse, changing dramatically upon synthesis conditions. Particularly, the reaction of citric acid with ethanolamine72 or ethylenediamine73 under hydrothermal treatment results in the formation of either brightly luminescent molecular compounds of well-defined structure or small non-crystalline carbon-based nanoparticles. The particles of this type could be prepared from different molecular precursors using thermal, hydrothermal or solvothermal routes (see comprehensive reviews74,75). Thus, the most acceptable statement is that the reaction of citrate with APTMS and n-C3H7NH2 under hydrothermal conditions leads to formation of carbon-based nanoparticles and/or molecular fluorophores. In conclusions, the perfect similarity of the optical properties of the chemical products obtained in the reactions between sodium citrate and organic amines (Si-containing APTMS, and Si-free npropylamine) ferments doubt that the results can be attributed to Si NPs. Proof of Si NPs formation, delivered by Zhong et al. is insufficient to be confident in their conclusions. Indeed, formation of Si nanocrystallites in the hydrothermal conditions used by Zhong et al. (especially with the relatively low energy budget) is rather improbable from all viewpoints, including a chemical standpoint. One of the most important goals of this comment is to prevent huge wave of misinterpretations caused by the article of Zhong et al. However, the remarkable photoluminescent properties of the synthesized chemical species may provide access to useful organic carbon-containing particles that can be successfully used for numerous interdisciplinary applications.
(8) (9) (10)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research work was carried out in frames of CARTHER project (proposal #690945) of Marie Skłodowska-Curie Research and Innovation Staff Exchange program (Horizon 2020 Framework Programme). The European Commission is acknowledged for financial support.
AUTHOR INFORMATION Corresponding Author *E-mail: [email protected]
Author Contributions Bohdan V. Oliinyk, Dmytro M. Korytko, Sergei Alekseev and Vladimir Lysenko contributed equally to this work.
Notes The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Zhong, Y.; Peng, F.; Bao, F.; Wang, S.; Ji, X.; Yang, L.; Su, Y.; Lee, S. T.; He, Y. Large-Scale Aqueous Synthesis of Fluorescent and Biocompatible Silicon Nanoparticles and Their Use as Highly Photostable Biological Probes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135 (22), 8350–8356. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4026227. Alivisatos, A. P. Perspectives on the Physical Chemistry of Semiconductor Nanocrystals. J. Phys. Chem. 1996, 100 (31), 13226–13239. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9535506. Dasog, M.; Kehrle, J.; Rieger, B.; Veinot, J. G. C. Silicon
Nanocrystals and Silicon-Polymer Hybrids: Synthesis, Surface Engineering, and Applications. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2016, pp 2322–2339. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201506065. Qiu, M.; Singh, A.; Wang, D.; Qu, J.; Swihart, M.; Zhang, H.; Prasad, P. N. Biocompatible and Biodegradable Inorganic Nanostructures for Nanomedicine: Silicon and Black Phosphorus. Nano Today 2019, 25, 135–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2019.02.012. Erogbogbo, F.; Yong, K. T.; Roy, I.; Xu, G. X.; Prasad, P. N.; Swihart, M. T. Biocompatible Luminescent Silicon Quantum Dots for Imaging of Cancer Cells. ACS Nano 2008, 2 (5), 873– 878. https://doi.org/10.1021/nn700319z. Montalti, M.; Cantelli, A.; Battistelli, G. Nanodiamonds and Silicon Quantum Dots: Ultrastable and Biocompatible Luminescent Nanoprobes for Long-Term Bioimaging. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2015, 44 (14), 4853–4921. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4cs00486h. Hussain, S.; Joo, J.; Kang, J.; Kim, B.; Braun, G. B.; She, Z.-G.; Kim, D.; Mann, A. P.; Mölder, T.; Teesalu, T.; et al. AntibioticLoaded Nanoparticles Targeted to the Site of Infection Enhance Antibacterial Efficacy. Nat. Biomed. Eng. 2018, 2 (2), 95–103. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-017-0187-5. Beckman, J.; Ischenko, A. Silicon Nanoparticlefor Photodynamic Cancer Treatment Utilizing Quantum Dot Optical Properties. US2013/0337069A1, 2013. Gonzalez, C. M.; Veinot, J. G. C. Silicon Nanocrystals for the Development of Sensing Platforms. J. Mater. Chem. C 2016, 4 (22), 4836–4846. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6TC01159D. Aghajamali, M.; Xie, H.; Javadi, M.; Kalisvaart, W. P.; Buriak, J. M.; Veinot, J. G. C. Size and Surface Effects of Silicon Nanocrystals in Graphene Aerogel Composite Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries. Chem. Mater. 2018, 30 (21), 7782–7792. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03198. Meinardi, F.; Ehrenberg, S.; Dhamo, L.; Carulli, F.; Mauri, M.; Bruni, F.; Simonutti, R.; Kortshagen, U.; Brovelli, S. Highly Efficient Luminescent Solar Concentrators Based on EarthAbundant Indirect-Bandgap Silicon Quantum Dots. Nat. Photonics 2017, 11 (3), 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2017.5. De Marco, M. L.; Semlali, S.; Korgel, B. A.; Barois, P.; Drisko, G. L.; Aymonier, C. Silicon-Based Dielectric Metamaterials: Focus on the Current Synthetic Challenges. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 2018, 57 (17), 4478–4498. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201709044. Cheng, X.; Lowe, S. B.; Reece, P. J.; Gooding, J. J. Colloidal Silicon Quantum Dots: From Preparation to the Modification of Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) for Bio-Applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2014, 43 (8), 2680–2700. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cs60353a. Chang, H.; Sun, S. Q. Silicon Nanoparticles: Preparation, Properties, and Applications. Chinese Phys. B 2014, 23 (8), 088102–088114. https://doi.org/10.1088/16741056/23/8/088102. Ban, R.; Zheng, F.; Zhang, J. A Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Assay for 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene Using Amine-Capped Silicon Quantum Dots as a Probe. Anal. Methods 2015, 7 (5), 1732–1737. https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ay02729a. Ji, X.; Peng, F.; Zhong, Y.; Su, Y.; Jiang, X.; Song, C.; Yang, L.; Chu, B.; Lee, S. T.; He, Y. Highly Fluorescent, Photostable, and Ultrasmall Silicon Drug Nanocarriers for Long-Term Tumor Cell Tracking and in-Vivo Cancer Therapy. Adv. Mater. 2015, 27 (6), 1029–1034. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201403848. Zhong, Y.; Sun, X.; Wang, S.; Peng, F.; Bao, F.; Su, Y.; Li, Y.; Lee, S. T.; He, Y. Facile, Large-Quantity Synthesis of Stable, Tunable-Color Silicon Nanoparticles and Their Application for Long-Term Cellular Imaging. ACS Nano 2015, 9 (6), 5958–5967. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.5b00683. Feng, Y.; Liu, Y.; Su, C.; Ji, X.; He, Z. New Fluorescent PH Sensor Based on Label-Free Silicon Nanodots. Sensors Actuators, B Chem. 2014, 203, 795–801.
Chemistry of Materials (19)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.07.050. Song, B.; Zhong, Y.; Wu, S.; Chu, B.; Su, Y.; He, Y. OneDimensional Fluorescent Silicon Nanorods Featuring Ultrahigh Photostability, Favorable Biocompatibility, and Excitation Wavelength-Dependent Emission Spectra. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138 (14), 4824–4831. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b00479. Zhao, Q.; Zhang, R.; Ye, D.; Zhang, S.; Chen, H.; Kong, J. Ratiometric Fluorescent Silicon Quantum Dots–Ce6 Complex Probe for the Live Cell Imaging of Highly Reactive Oxygen Species. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2017, 9 (3), 2052–2058. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b12047. Geng, X.; Li, Z.; Hu, Y.; Liu, H.; Sun, Y.; Meng, H.; Wang, Y.; Qu, L.; Lin, Y. One-Pot Green Synthesis of Ultrabright N-Doped Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles for Cellular Imaging by Using Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid Disodium Salt as an Effective Reductant. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2018, 10 (33), 27979– 27986. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b09242. Li, S.; Wang, F.; He, X.-W.; Li, W.-Y.; Zhang, Y.-K. One-Pot Hydrothermal Preparation of Gadolinium-Doped Silicon Nanoparticles as a Dual-Modal Probe for Multicolor Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J. Mater. Chem. B 2018, 6 (20), 3358–3365. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8TB00415C. Luo, L.; Song, Y.; Zhu, C.; Fu, S.; Shi, Q.; Sun, Y.-M.; Jia, B.; Du, D.; Xu, Z.-L.; Lin, Y. Fluorescent Silicon NanoparticlesBased Ratiometric Fluorescence Immunoassay for Sensitive Detection of Ethyl Carbamate in Red Wine. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 2018, 255, 2742–2749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2017.09.088. Sharma, B.; Tanwar, S.; Sen, T. One Pot Green Synthesis of Si Quantum Dots and Catalytic Au Nanoparticle-Si Quantum Dot Nanocomposite. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2019, 7 (3), 3309– 3318. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05345. Bose, S.; Ganayee, M. A.; Mondal, B.; Baidya, A.; Chennu, S.; Mohanty, J. S.; Pradeep, T. Synthesis of Silicon Nanoparticles from Rice Husk and Their Use as Sustainable Fluorophores for White Light Emission. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 2018, 6 (5), 6203–6210. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.7b04911. Dou, Y.-K.; Chen, Y.; He, X.-W.; Li, W.-Y.; Li, Y.-H.; Zhang, Y.-K. Synthesis of Water-Dispersible Mn 2+ Functionalized Silicon Nanoparticles under Room Temperature and Atmospheric Pressure for Fluorescence and Magnetic Resonance DualModality Imaging. Anal. Chem. 2017, 89 (21), 11286–11292. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.7b01644. Wang, J.; Ye, D.-X.; Liang, G.-H.; Chang, J.; Kong, J.-L.; Chen, J.-Y. One-Step Synthesis of Water-Dispersible Silicon Nanoparticles and Their Use in Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging of Living Cells. J. Mater. Chem. B 2014, 2 (27), 4338–4345. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TB00366G. Han, Y.; Chen, Y.; Feng, J.; Liu, J.; Ma, S.; Chen, X. One-Pot Synthesis of Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Selective Determination of 2,4,6-Trinitrophenol in Aqueous Solution. Anal. Chem. 2017, 89 (5), 3001–3008. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04509. Ye, H.-L.; Cai, S.-J.; Li, S.; He, X.-W.; Li, W.-Y.; Li, Y.-H.; Zhang, Y.-K. One-Pot Microwave Synthesis of WaterDispersible, High Fluorescence Silicon Nanoparticles and Their Imaging Applications in Vitro and in Vivo. Anal. Chem. 2016, 88 (23), 11631–11638. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03209. Ma, S.; Chen, Y.; Feng, J.; Liu, J.; Zuo, X.; Chen, X. One-Step Synthesis of Water-Dispersible and Biocompatible Silicon Nanoparticles for Selective Heparin Sensing and Cell Imaging. Anal. Chem. 2016, 88 (21), 10474–10481. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02448. Ma, S.; Yue, T.; Xiao, X.; Cheng, H.; Zhao, D. A Proof of Concept Study of Preparing Ultra Bright Silicon Quantum Dots Based on Synergistic Effect of Reductants. J. Lumin. 2018, 201 (April), 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlumin.2018.04.006. Han, Y.; Chen, Y.; Liu, J.; Niu, X.; Ma, Y.; Ma, S.; Chen, X.
Room-Temperature Synthesis of Yellow-Emitting Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Selective Determination of Crystal Violet in Fish Tissues. Sensors Actuators B Chem. 2018, 263, 508–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.02.163. Wu, C.; Peng, X.; Lu, Q.; Li, H.; Zhang, Y.; Yao, S. Ultrasensitive Silicon Nanoparticle Ratiometric Fluorescence Determination of Mercury(II). Anal. Lett. 2018, 51 (7), 1013–1028. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2017.1370595. Zhong, Y.; Song, B.; Shen, X.; Guo, D.; He, Y. Fluorescein Sodium Ligand-Modified Silicon Nanoparticles Produce Ultrahigh Fluorescence with Robust PH- and Photo-Stability. Chem. Commun. 2019, 55 (3), 365–368. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC07340F. Hu, G.; Sun, Y.; Xie, Y.; Wu, S.; Zhang, X.; Zhuang, J.; Hu, C.; Lei, B.; Liu, Y. Synthesis of Silicon Quantum Dots with Highly Efficient Full-Band UV Absorption and Their Applications in Antiyellowing and Resistance of Photodegradation. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11 (6), 6634–6643. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.8b20138. Han, Y.; Chen, Y.; Feng, J.; Na, M.; Liu, J.; Ma, Y.; Ma, S.; Chen, X. Investigation of Nitrogen Content Effect in Reducing Agent to Prepare Wavelength Controllable Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles and Its Application in Detection of 2-Nitrophenol. Talanta 2019, 194, 822–829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.11.008. Shen, X.-B.; Song, B.; Fang, B.; Yuan, X.; Li, Y.-Y.; Wang, S.Y.; Ji, S.-J.; He, Y. Solvent Polarity-Induced Photoluminescence Enhancement (SPIPE): A Method Enables Several-Fold Increase in Quantum Yield of Silicon Nanoparticles. Nano Res. 2019, 12 (2), 315–322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-018-2217-3. Zhang, J.; Yu, S. H. Highly Photoluminescent Silicon Nanocrystals for Rapid, Label-Free and Recyclable Detection of Mercuric Ions. Nanoscale 2014, 6 (8), 4096–4101. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr05896d. Li, Q.; Peng, K.; Yu, Y.; Ruan, X.; Wei, Y. One-Pot Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles for Sensitive and Selective Detection of Hemoglobin. Electrophoresis 2019, 0 (0), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201900023. Xiao, F.; Xiao, Y.; Chen, F.; Liu, X.; Lin, C.; Chen, J.; Wu, Y. Facile Synthesis of Silicon Quantum Dot-Gadolinium: A Potential Fluorescent/T1-T2 Multimodal Imaging Agent. Talanta 2019, 199, 336–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.041. Roy, D.; Fouzder, C.; Mukhuty, A.; Pal, S.; Mondal, M. K.; Kundu, R.; Chowdhury, P. Designed Synthesis of Dual Emitting Silicon Quantum Dot for Cell Imaging: Direct Labeling of Alpha 2-HS-Glycoprotein. Bioconjug. Chem. 2019, 30 (5), 1575–1583. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00279. Liu, L.; Zhu, G.; Zeng, W.; Yi, Y.; Lv, B.; Qian, J.; Zhang, D. Silicon Quantum Dot-Coated onto Gold Nanoparticles as an Optical Probe for Colorimetric and Fluorometric Determination of Cysteine. Microchim. Acta 2019, 186 (2), 98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-019-3228-9. Zheng, X.; Zhang, D.; Fan, Z.; Huang, Z.; Mao, H.; Ma, Y. OneStep Hydrothermal Synthesis of Ultrabright Water-Soluble Silicon Nanoparticles for Folate-Receptor-Mediated Bioimaging. J. Mater. Sci. 2019, 54 (13), 9707–9717. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-019-03455-2. Song, B.; He, Y. Fluorescent Silicon Nanomaterials: From Synthesis to Functionalization and Application. Nano Today 2019, 26, 149–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2019.03.005. Zhong, Y.; Chu, B.; Bo, X.; He, Y.; Zhao, C. Aqueous Synthesis of Three-Dimensional Fluorescent Silicon-Based Nanoscale Networks Featuring Unusual Anti-Photobleaching Properties. Chem. Commun. 2019, 55 (5), 652–655. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CC07903J. Campos, B. B.; Algarra, M.; Alonso, B.; Casado, C. M.; JiménezJiménez, J.; Rodríguez-Castellón, E.; Esteves Da Silva, J. C. G. Fluorescent Sensor for Cr(VI) Based in Functionalized Silicon Quantum Dots with Dendrimers. Talanta 2015, 144 (Vi), 862–
867. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.038. Song, C.; Zhong, Y.; Jiang, X.; Peng, F.; Lu, Y.; Ji, X.; Su, Y.; He, Y. Peptide-Conjugated Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles Enabling Simultaneous Tracking and Specific Destruction of Cancer Cells. Anal. Chem. 2015, 87 (13), 6718–6723. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00853. Wu, J.; Dai, J.; Shao, Y.; Sun, Y. One-Step Synthesis of Fluorescent Silicon Quantum Dots (Si-QDs) and Their Application for Cell Imaging. RSC Adv. 2015, 5 (102), 83581– 83587. https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA13119G. Wu, S.; Zhong, Y.; Zhou, Y.; Song, B.; Chu, B.; Ji, X.; Wu, Y.; Su, Y.; He, Y. Biomimetic Preparation and Dual-Color Bioimaging of Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137 (46), 14726–14732. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b08685. Yang, L.; Liu, Y.; Zhong, Y. L.; Jiang, X. X.; Song, B.; Ji, X. Y.; Su, Y. Y.; Liao, L. S.; He, Y. Fluorescent Silicon Nanoparticles Utilized as Stable Color Converters for White Light-Emitting Diodes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2015, 106 (17), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4919526. Zhang, X.; Chen, X.; Kai, S.; Wang, H. Y.; Yang, J.; Wu, F. G.; Chen, Z. Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Dopamine Using One-Pot Synthesized Highly Photoluminescent Silicon Nanoparticles. Anal. Chem. 2015, 87 (6), 3360–3365. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac504520g. Jutzi, P.; Schubert, U. Silicon Chemistry: From the Atom to Extended Systems; Jutzi, P., Schubert, U., Eds.; Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA: Weinheim, Germany, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527610761. Lickiss, P. D. Silicon: Inorganic Chemistry. Encycl. Inorg. Bioinorg. Chem. 2011, 256 (1), 524–527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2006.12.054. Sakurai, H. Silicon: Organosilicon Chemistry. In Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry; Major Reference Works; John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester, UK, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119951438.eibc0204. Mittemeijer, E. J.; Welzel, U. The 'State of the Art' of the Diffraction Analysis of Crystallite Size and Lattice Strain. Zeitschrift fur Krist. 2008, 223 (9), 552–560. https://doi.org/10.1524/zkri.2008.1213. Holm, J.; Roberts, J. T. Thermally Induced Hydrosilylation at Deuterium-Terminated Silicon Nanoparticles: An Investigation of the Radical Chain Propagation Mechanism. Langmuir 2009, 25 (12), 7050–7056. https://doi.org/10.1021/la8042236. Thiessen, A. N.; Ha, M.; Hooper, R. W.; Yu, H.; Oliynyk, A. O.; Veinot, J. G. C.; Michaelis, V. K. Silicon Nanoparticles: Are They Crystalline from the Core to the Surface? Chem. Mater. 2019, 31 (3), 678–688. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b03074. Requirements, B.; Reporting, F. O. R.; Modified, O. R.; Nanomaterial, C. Best Practices for the Reporting of Colloidal Inorganic Nanomaterials. 2015, 4911–4913. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.5b02323. Chen, P.-C.; Chen, Y.-N.; Hsu, P.-C.; Shih, C.-C.; Chang, H.-T. Photoluminescent Organosilane-Functionalized Carbon Dots as Temperature Probes. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49 (16), 1639. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc38486a. Xie, Z.; Wang, F.; Liu, C. Y. Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Functional Carbon Dot Gel Glasses. Adv. Mater. 2012, 24 (13), 1716–1721. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201104962. Mao, Y.; Bao, Y.; Han, D.; Li, F.; Niu, L. Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Silica Nanospheres Embedded Carbon Dots for Fluorescent Dopamine Optosensing. Biosens. Bioelectron. 2012, 38 (1), 55–60.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2012.04.043. Dong, Y.; Pang, H.; Yang, H. Bin; Guo, C.; Shao, J.; Chi, Y.; Li, C. M.; Yu, T. Carbon-Based Dots Co-Doped with Nitrogen and Sulfur for High Quantum Yield and Excitation-Independent Emission. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 2013, 52 (30), 7800–7804. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201301114. Bourlinos, A. B.; Stassinopoulos, A.; Anglos, D.; Zboril, R.; Georgakilas, V.; Giannelis, E. P. Photoluminescent Carbogenic Dots. Chem. Mater. 2008, 20 (14), 4539–4541. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm800506r. Hou, J.; Yan, J.; Zhao, Q.; Li, Y.; Ding, H.; Ding, L. A Novel One-Pot Route for Large-Scale Preparation of Highly Photoluminescent Carbon Quantum Dots Powders. Nanoscale 2013, 5 (20), 9558–9561. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr03444e. Zong, J.; Zhu, Y.; Yang, X.; Shen, J.; Li, C. Synthesis of Photoluminescent Carbogenic Dots Using Mesoporous Silica Spheres as Nanoreactors. Chem. Commun. 2011, 47 (2), 764–766. https://doi.org/10.1039/C0CC03092A. Zhou, J.; Yang, Y.; Zhang, C. Y. A Low-Temperature SolidPhase Method to Synthesize Highly Fluorescent Carbon Nitride Dots with Tunable Emission. Chem. Commun. 2013, 49 (77), 8605–8607. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3cc42266f. Zhai, X.; Zhang, P.; Liu, C.; Bai, T.; Li, W.; Dai, L.; Liu, W. Highly Luminescent Carbon Nanodots by Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis. Chem. Commun. 2012, 48 (64), 7955–7957. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cc33869f. Yang, Z.; Xu, M.; Liu, Y.; He, F.; Gao, F.; Su, Y.; Wei, H.; Zhang, Y. Nitrogen-Doped, Carbon-Rich, Highly Photoluminescent Carbon Dots from Ammonium Citrate. Nanoscale 2014, 6 (3), 1890–1895. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr05380f. Shi, W.; Li, X.; Ma, H. A Tunable Ratiometric PH Sensor Based on Carbon Nanodots for the Quantitative Measurement of the Intracellular PH of Whole Cells. Angew. Chemie Int. Ed. 2012, 51 (26), 6432–6435. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201202533. Qu, S.; Wang, X.; Lu, Q.; Liu, X.; Wang, L. A Biocompatible Fluorescent Ink Based on Water-Soluble Luminescent Carbon Nanodots. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 2012, 51 (49), 12215–12218. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201206791. Qu, D.; Zheng, M.; Du, P.; Zhou, Y.; Zhang, L.; Li, D.; Tan, H.; Zhao, Z.; Xie, Z.; Sun, Z. Highly Luminescent S, N Co-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots with Broad Visible Absorption Bands for Visible Light Photocatalysts. Nanoscale 2013, 5 (24), 12272– 12277. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3nr04402e. Krysmann, M. J.; Kelarakis, A.; Dallas, P.; Giannelis, E. P. Formation Mechanism of Carbogenic Nanoparticles with Dual Photoluminescence Emission. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134 (2), 747–750. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja204661r. Song, Y.; Zhu, S.; Zhang, S.; Fu, Y.; Wang, L.; Zhao, X.; Yang, B. Investigation from Chemical Structure to Photoluminescent Mechanism: A Type of Carbon Dots from the Pyrolysis of Citric Acid and an Amine. J. Mater. Chem. C 2015, 3 (23), 5976–5984. https://doi.org/10.1039/c5tc00813a. Shamsipur, M.; Barati, A.; Karami, S. Long-Wavelength, Multicolor, and White-Light Emitting Carbon-Based Dots: Achievements Made, Challenges Remaining, and Applications. Carbon N. Y. 2017, 124, 429–472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.08.072. Chan, K. K.; Yap, S. H. K.; Yong, K.-T. Biogreen Synthesis of Carbon Dots for Biotechnology and Nanomedicine Applications. Nano-Micro Lett. 2018, 10 (4), 72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-018-0223-3.
7 ACS Paragon Plus Environment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Tomás Vilanova (18 January 1925 – July 2007) was a Salvadoran sports shooter. He competed in two events at the 1968 Summer Olympics.

References

External links

1925 births
2007 deaths
Salvadoran male sport shooters
Olympic shooters of El Salvador
Shooters at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Santa Ana, El Salvador

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: ICallBackEventHandler does not update controls with form values I want to use ICallBackEventHandler however when I use it to call back to the server I find that my form control objects don't have the latest form values. Is there a way to force populate the values with the form data?
Thanks.

A: Have a look at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/cc163863.aspx.
In short, you have to clear the variable '__theFormPostData', and call the 'WebForm_InitCallback()' before the 'CallbackEventReference' script. This updates the form values with the user input values. Something like this:
// from the above link
string js = String.Format("javascript:{0};{1};{2}; return false;",
    "__theFormPostData = ''",
    "WebForm_InitCallback()",
    Page.GetCallbackEventReference(this, args, "CallbackValidator_UpdateUI", "null"));

A: You obviously still dont have the same issue but wha you need to do is recall WebForm_InitCallback() prior to your JavaScript Callback Code. This will get the page to refresh the POST values in your Request.Form object.
When you now do a PostBack the values modified during Callbacks will be available. It goes without saying they will be available during Callbacks.
etc
function SomeCode()
{
    __theFormPostCollection.length = 0;
    __theFormPostData = "";
    WebForm_InitCallback();

    ExecuteMyCallbackMethod("yaday", "yadya");
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Posts Tagged 'compliance'
'Television, Football and Politics: Gaming Spectacles Designed to Keep the Police State in Power' by John W. Whitehead
Posted: February 1, 2016 in Uncategorized
Tags: censorship, compliance, Edward R. Murrow, Hitler, Neil Postman, police state, presidential election, Super Bowl, surveillance
Big Brother does not watch us, by his choice. We watch him, by ours. There is no need for wardens or gates or Ministries of Truth. When a population becomes distracted by trivia, when cultural life is redefined as a perpetual round of entertainments, when serious public conversation becomes a form of baby-talk, when, in short, a people become an audience and their public business a vaudeville act, then a nation finds itself at risk; a culture-death is a clear possibility. — Professor Neil Postman
If there are two spectacles that are almost guaranteed to render Americans passive viewers, incapable of doing little more than cheering on their respective teams, it's football and politics—specifically, the Super Bowl and the quadrennial presidential election.
Both football and politics encourage zealous devotion among their followers, both create manufactured divisions that alienate one group of devotees from another, and both result in a strange sort of tunnel vision that leaves the viewer oblivious to anything else going on around them apart from the "big game."
Both football and politics are televised, big-money, advertising-driven exercises in how to cultivate a nation of armchair enthusiasts who are content to sit, watch and be entertained, all the while convincing themselves that they are active contributors to the outcome. Even the season schedules are similar in football and politics: the weekly playoffs, the blow-by-blow recaps, the betting pools and speculation, the conferences, and then the final big championship game.
In the same way, both championship events are costly entertainment extravaganzas that feed the nation's appetite for competition, consumerism and carnivalesque stunts. In both scenarios, cities bid for the privilege of hosting key athletic and political events. For example, San Francisco had to raise close to $50 million just to host the 50th Super Bowl, with its deluxe stadium, Super Bowl City, free fan village, interactive theme park, and free Alicia Keys concert, not including the additional $5 million cost to taxpayers for additional security. Likewise, it costs cities more than $60 million to host the national presidential nominating conventions for the Republicans and Democrats.
Don't get me wrong. I'm not suggesting that there is anything wrong with enjoying the entertainment that is football or politics.
However, where we go wrong as a society is when we become armchair quarterbacks, so completely immersed in the Big Game or the Big Campaign that we are easily controlled by the powers-that-be—the megacorporations who run both shows—and oblivious to what is really going on around us.
For instance, while mainstream America has been fixated on the contenders for the Vince Lombardi Trophy and the White House, the militarized, warring surveillance state has been moving steadily forward. Armed drones, increased government surveillance and spying, SWAT team raids, police shootings of unarmed citizens, and the like continue to plague the country. None of these dangers have dissipated. They have merely disappeared from our televised news streams.
In this way, television is a "dream come true" for an authoritarian society.
Television isolates people so they are not joining together to govern themselves. As clinical psychologist Bruce Levine notes, viewing television puts one in a brain state that makes it difficult to think critically, and it quiets and subdues a population. And spending one's free time isolated and watching TV interferes with our ability to translate our outrage over governmental injustice into activism, and thus makes it easier to accept an authority's version of society and life.
Supposedly the reason why television—and increasingly movies—are so effective in subduing and pacifying us is that viewers are mesmerized by what TV-insiders call "technical events." These, according to Levine, are "quick cuts, zoom-ins, zoom-outs, rolls, pans, animation, music, graphics, and voice-overs, all of which lure viewers to continue watching even though they have no interest in the content." Such technical events, which many action films now incorporate, spellbind people to continue watching.
Televised entertainment, no matter what is being broadcast, has become the nation's new drug high. Researchers found that "almost immediately after turning on the TV, subjects reported feeling more relaxed, and because this occurs so quickly and the tension returns so rapidly after the TV is turned off, people are conditioned to associate TV viewing with a lack of tension."
Not surprisingly, the United States is one of the highest TV-viewing nations in the world.
Indeed, a Nielsen study reports that American screen viewing is at an all-time high. For example, the average American watches approximately 151 hours of television per month. That does not include the larger demographic of screen-watchers who watch their entertainment via their laptops, personal computers, cell phones, tablets and so on.
Historically, television has been used by those in authority to quiet citizen unrest and pacify disruptive people. In fact, television-viewing has also been a proven tactic for ensuring compliance in prisons. "Faced with severe overcrowding and limited budgets for rehabilitation and counseling, more and more prison officials are using TV to keep inmates quiet," according to Newsweek. Joe Corpier, a convicted murderer, when interviewed said, "If there's a good movie, it's usually pretty quiet through the whole institution."
In other words, television and other screen viewing not only helps to subdue people but, as Levine concludes, it alsozombifies and pacifies us and subverts democracy.
Television viewing, no matter what we're collectively watching—whether it's American Idol, the presidential debates or the Super Bowl—is a group activity that immobilizes us and mesmerizes us with collective programming. In fact, research also shows that regardless of the programming, viewers' brain waves slow down, thus transforming them into a more passive, nonresistant state.
As such, television watching today results in passive group compliance in much the same way that marching was used by past regimes to create group indoctrination. Political advisor Bertram Gross documents how Adolf Hitler employed marching as a technique to mobilize people in groups by immobilizing them. Hitler and his regime leaders discovered that when people gather in groups and do the same thing—such as marching or cheering at an entertainment or sporting event—they became passive, non-thinking non-individuals.
By replacing "marching" with electronic screen devices, we have the equivalent of Hitler's method of population control. Gross writes:
As a technique of immobilizing people, marching requires organization and, apart from the outlay costs involved, organized groups are a potential danger. They might march to a different drum or in the wrong direction….TV is more effective. It captures many more people than would ever fill the streets by marching—and without interfering with automobile traffic.
Equally disturbing is a university study which indicates that we become less aware of our individual selves and moral identity in a group. The study's findings strongly suggest that when we act in groups, we tend to consider our moral behavior less while moving in lockstep with the group. Thus, what the group believes or does, be it violence or inhumanity, does not seem to lessen the need to be a part of a group, whether it be a mob or political gathering.
So what does this have to do with the Super Bowl and the upcoming presidential election?
If fear-based TV programming—or programming that encourages rivalries and factions—makes people more afraid and distrustful of one another, then our current television lineup is exactly what is needed by an authoritarian society that depends on a "divide and conquer" strategy.
Moreover, according to Levine, authoritarian-based programming is more technically interesting to viewers than democracy-based programming. War and violence, for example, may be rather unpleasant in real life. However, peace and cooperation make for "boring television."
What this means is that Super Bowl matches and presidential contests are merely more palatable, less bloody, manifestations of war suitable for television viewing audiences.
This also explains why television has become the medium of choice for charismatic politicians with a strong screen presence. They are essentially television performers—actors, if you will. Indeed, any successful candidate for political office—especially the President—must come off well on TV. Television has the lure of involvement. A politically adept president can actually make you believe you are involved in the office of the presidency.
The effective president, then, is essentially a television performer. As the renowned media analyst Marshall McLuhan recognized concerning television: "Potentially, it can transform the presidency into a monarchist dynasty."
If what we see and what we are told through the entertainment industrial complex—which includes so-called "news" shows—is what those in power deem to be in their best interests, then endless screen viewing is not a great thing for a citizenry who believe they possess choice and freedom. Mind you, the majority of what Americans watch on television is provided through channels controlled by a corporate elite of six megacorporations with the ability to foster a particular viewpoint or pacify its viewers on a large scale.
Unfortunately for us, the direction of the future, then, may be towards a Brave New World scenario where the populace is constantly distracted by entertainment, hooked on prescription drugs and controlled by a technological elite.
Freedom, as I make clear in my book Battlefield America: The War on the American People, is an action word. It means turning off your screen devices—or at least greatly reducing your viewing time—and getting active to take to stave off the emerging authoritarian government.
Aldous Huxley, George Orwell, and the countless science fiction writers and commentators have warned that we are in a race between getting actively involved in the world around us or facing disaster.
If we're watching, we're not doing.
As television journalist Edward R. Murrow warned in a 1958 speech:
We have currently a built-in allergy to unpleasant or disturbing information. Our mass media reflect this. But unless we get up off our fat surpluses and recognize that television in the main is being used to distract, delude, amuse, and insulate us, then television and those who finance it, those who look at it, and those who work at it, may see a totally different picture too late.
The Only Truly Compliant, Submissive Citizen in a Police State Is a Dead One
Posted: March 24, 2015 in Uncategorized
Tags: compliance, comply or die, DNA extractions, fourth amendment, Franklin Graham, Jesus Christ, justice department, Mahatma Gandhi, Martese Johnson, Martin Luther King Jr, militarized police, obedience, pepper spray, police, police shootings, police state, red light cameras, stingray devices, surveillance cameras, taser, unarmed citizens
"Do exactly what I say, and we'll get along fine. Do not question me or talk back in any way. You do not have the right to object to anything I may say or ask you to do, or ask for clarification if my demands are unclear or contradictory. You must obey me under all circumstances without hesitation, no matter how arbitrary, unreasonable, discriminatory, or blatantly racist my commands may be. Anything other than immediate perfect servile compliance will be labeled as resisting arrest, and expose you to the possibility of a violent reaction from me. That reaction could cause you severe injury or even death. And I will suffer no consequences. It's your choice: Comply, or die."— "'Comply or Die' policing must stop," Daily KOS
Americans as young as 4 years old are being leg shackled, handcuffed, tasered and held at gun point for not being quiet, not being orderly and just being childlike—i.e., not being compliant enough.
Americans as old as 95 are being beaten, shot and killed for questioning an order, hesitating in the face of a directive, and mistaking a policeman crashing through their door for a criminal breaking into their home—i.e., not being submissive enough.
And Americans of every age and skin color are being taught the painful lesson that the only truly compliant, submissive and obedient citizen in a police state is a dead one.
It doesn't matter where you live—big city or small town—it's the same scenario being played out over and over again in which government agents, hyped up on their own authority and the power of their uniform, ride roughshod over the rights of the citizenry. In turn, Americans are being brainwashed into believing that anyone who wears a government uniform—soldier, police officer, prison guard—must be obeyed without question.
Franklin Graham, the heir to Billy Graham's evangelical empire, offered up this "simple" piece of advice for "Blacks, Whites, Latinos, and everybody else" hoping to survive an encounter with the police:
Most police shootings can be avoided. It comes down to respect for authority and obedience. If a police officer tells you to stop, you stop. If a police officer tells you to put your hands in the air, you put your hands in the air. If a police officer tells you to lay down face first with your hands behind your back, you lay down face first with your hands behind your back. It's as simple as that. Even if you think the police officer is wrong—YOU OBEY.
Clearly, Graham's message resonated with a core group of Americans: almost 200,000 individuals "liked" the message on Facebook, with an astounding 83,000 fans sharing his words of advice with their own friends, none of whom seem to recall that Jesus Christ, whom they claim to follow and model their lives after, not only stood up to the police state of his day but was put to death for it.
It's not just mainstream evangelicals who have been brainwashed into believing that a good citizen is a compliant citizen and that obedience will save us from the police state. In the wake of a grand jury's decision not to indict the police officer responsible for the choking death of Eric Garner, Patrick Lynch, president of the Patrolmen's Benevolent Association, declared:
"We have to teach our children, our sons and our daughters, no matter what they look like, to respect New York City police officers, teach them to comply with New York City police officers even if they think it's unjust."
Similarly, Officer Sunil Dutta of the Los Angeles Police Department advises:
"If you don't want to get shot, tased, pepper-sprayed, struck with a baton or thrown to the ground, just do what I tell you. Don't argue with me, don't call me names, don't tell me that I can't stop you, don't say I'm a racist pig, don't threaten that you'll sue me and take away my badge. Don't scream at me that you pay my salary, and don't even think of aggressively walking towards me."
In other words, it doesn't matter if you're in the right, it doesn't matter if a cop is in the wrong, it doesn't matter if you're being treated with less than the respect you deserve. If you want to emerge from a police encounter with your life and body intact, then you'd better comply, submit, obey orders, respect authority and generally do whatever a cop tells you to do.
In this way, the old police motto to "protect and serve" has become "comply or die." As I point out in my book A Government of Wolves: The Emerging American Police State and in my forthcoming book Battlefield America: The War on the American People, this is the unfortunate, misguided, perverse message being beaten, shot, tasered and slammed into our collective consciousness, and it is regrettably starting to take root.
Despite the growing number of criminal charges (ranging from resisting arrest and interference to disorderly conduct, obstruction, and failure to obey a police order) that get trotted out anytime a citizen voices discontent with the government or challenges or even questions the authority of the powers that be, the problems we're experiencing in terms of police shootings have little to do with rebellion or belligerence or resistance.
Rather, the problem arises when compliance doesn't happen fast enough to suit the police.
For instance, 15-year-old Jamar Nicholson was shot in the back by police after they spotted him standing next to a friend holding a toy gun. "Officers ordered the boy to drop the weapon multiple times," reports the Los Angeles Times. "When he didn't comply, one of the officers opened fire."
Martese Johnson, a 20-year-old college student, unarmed and in the process of walking away from a bar where he'd just been denied entry for being underage, was tackled by police and had his head slammed to the ground and bloodied, allegedly for being intoxicated, belligerent and using a fake ID. Johnson, who it turns out was polite, had a legal ID and was not drunk, survived the encounter after 10 stitches to his head.
And then there was Christopher Lollie, who was tasered, arrested and charged with trespassing, disorderly conduct and obstruction of the legal process for refusing to identify himself to police while waiting to pick his children up from their daycare. Footage of the encounter shows Lollie asking, "Why do I have to let you know who I am? I don't have to let you know who I am if I haven't broken any laws." The charges against Lollie were eventually dropped.
Nicholson, Johnson and Lollie aren't the only Americans being taught a hard lesson about compliance at the end of a government-issued gun.
World War II veteran John Wrana, 95 years old, dependent on a walker to get around, and a resident of an assisted living center, was rushed by five police officers—one with a Taser and riot shield, others with handguns and a 12-gauge Mossberg pump shotgun—after refusing treatment for a urinary tract infection and brandishing a shoehorn. One of the officers, allegedly fearing for his safety, fired multiple beanbag rounds at Wrana at close range, who bled to death from internal injuries.
Martese Johnson, slammed and bloodied by ABC police.
James Howard Allen, 74 years old and recovering at home from a surgery, was shot and killed by police who were asked by family members to do a welfare check on him. When police crashed through the man's back door, they found Allen, perhaps having just awoken and fearing a burglary, armed with a gun.
These shootings and deaths, and many more like them, constitute a drop in the proverbial bucket when it comes to police killing unarmed American citizens, and yet you'd be hard-pressed to find exact numbers for how many unarmed citizens are killed by police every year. Indeed, while police go to great lengths to document how many police are killed in the line of duty, police agencies aren't actually required to report the number of times police officers engage in homicide. Suffice it to say, however, that the numbers are significantly underreported.
One website estimates that police kill on average three citizens a day in the United States. In 2014, 1100 individuals were killed by police in the U.S. That's 70 times more than other first-world nations, and almost 20 times more than the number of U.S. troops killed in the same year in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Rarely are these officers given more than a slap on the wrist. More often than not, they operate with impunity, are shielded from justice by the governmental bureaucracy, and are granted qualified immunity by the courts.
A recent report by the Justice Department on police shootings in Philadelphia, which boasts the fourth largest police department in the country, found that half of the unarmed people shot by police over a seven-year span were "shot because the officer saw something (like a cellphone) or some action (like a person pulling at the waist of their pants) and misidentified it as a threat."
Now it's one thing for those who back the police—no matter what the circumstance—to insist that if you just obey a police officer, you'll be safe. But what happens when compliance isn't enough?
What happens if you play it safe, comply and do whatever a police officer tells you to do, don't talk back, don't threaten, and don't walk away—in other words, don't do anything that even hints at resistance—and still, you find yourself staring down the wrong end of a government agent's gun? After all, the news is riddled with reports of individuals who didn't resist when confronted by police and still got tasered, tackled or shot simply because they looked at police in a threatening manner or moved in a way that made an officer "fear" for his safety.
For instance, Levar Jones, pulled over for not wearing a seatbelt, was shot after complying with a police officer's order to retrieve his license. The trooper justified his shooting of the unarmed man by insisting that Jones reached for his license "aggressively."
What more could Jones or anyone have done to protect himself in that situation? How does a citizen protect himself against a police officer's tendency to shoot first and ask questions later, oftentimes based only on their highly subjective "feeling" of being threatened?
The short answer is you can't.
The assurance of safety in exchange for compliance is a false, misguided doctrine that has us headed towards a totalitarian regime the likes of which the world has seen before.
Rest assured, if we just cower before government agents and meekly obey, we'll find ourselves repeating history. However, history also shows us a different path, one that involves standing up and speaking truth to power. Jesus Christ walked that road. So did Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King Jr., and countless other freedom fighters whose actions changed the course of history.
Indeed, had Christ merely complied with the Roman police state, there would have been no crucifixion and no Christian religion. Had Gandhi meekly fallen in line with the British Empire's dictates, the Indian people would never have won their independence. Had Martin Luther King Jr. obeyed the laws of his day, there would have been no civil rights movement. And if the founding fathers had marched in lockstep with royal decrees, there would have been no American Revolution.
The long answer, therefore, is that we must adopt a different mindset and follow a different path if we are to alter the outcome of these interactions with police.
No matter what path you follow, it will be fraught with peril. America is in the midst of a nervous breakdown, brought about by prolonged exposure to the American police state, and there are few places that are safe anymore.
A good test is this: if you live in a community that has welcomed the trappings of the police state with open arms (surveillance cameras, forced DNA extractions, Stingray devices, red light cameras, private prisons, etc.), all the while allowing its police forces to militarize, weaponize and operate beyond the reach of the Constitution, then you don't live in a democratic republic—you live in a microcosm of the American police state.
If you have no real say in how your local law enforcement operates, if the only oversight of police actions is carried out by fellow officers, if any attempt to criticize the police is edited out or not covered by your local newspaper or TV station, drowned out by your fellow citizens, or intimidated into silence by your local police, then you have no recourse when it comes to police abuses.
Finally, if, despite having done nothing wrong, you feel nervous during a police encounter, you fear doing or saying the wrong thing in front of an officer will get you shot, and your local police dress and act like extensions of the military and treat you like a suspect, then it's safe to say that you are not the one holding the upper hand in the master-servant relationship anymore.
This is the death rattle of the American dream, which was built on the idea that no one is above the law, that our rights are inalienable and cannot be taken away, and that our government and its appointed agents exist to serve us.


text:
Jobs for Runner/Commis
174 Jobs Available
OKKU
Hiring 1 Full Time Runner/Commis, to work in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The pay is $750 per Month. Contract period is 2 Years. Provides Accommodation, Flight Ticket, Insurance, Transportation, Meals, Service Charge, Tips, Visa, Career progression, Training & development.
BEAU Restaurant
Hiring 2 Full Time Runner/Commis, to work in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The pay is $950 per Month. Provides Accommodation, Insurance, Transportation, Meals, Tips, Visa, Career progression, Training & development.
Ave Cafe
Hiring 3 Full Time Runner/Commis, to work in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The pay is $600 per Month. Contract period is 2 Years. Provides Visa.
Verde Beach
Hiring More than 5 Full Time Runner/Commis, to work in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Provides Flight Ticket, Insurance, Transportation, Meals, Commission, Service Charge, Tips, Visa.
Michelin star Restaurant
Hiring More than 5 Full Time Runner/Commis, to work in AlUla, Saudi Arabia. The pay is $750 per Month. Contract period is 3 Months. Provides Accommodation, Flight Ticket, Insurance, Transportation, Meals, Visa, Career progression.
Dark Room Event
Hiring 2 Full Time Runner/Commis, to work in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The pay is $700 per Month. Contract period is 2 Years. Provides Meals, Tips, Visa, Career progression, Training & development.
VERDE BEACH DUBAI
Hiring More than 5 Full Time Runner/Commis, to work in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The pay is $1100 per Month. Contract period is 1 Year. Provides Insurance, Tips, Visa, Training & development.
Rafid Gourmet
Hiring 5 Full Time Runner/Commis, to work in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The pay is $760 per Month. Contract period is 2 Years. Provides Flight Ticket, Tips, Visa, Career progression, Training & development.
Riyadh Season Festival - French venue
Hiring 1 Full Time Runner/Commis, to work in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The pay is $2000 per Month. Contract period is 3 Months. Provides Accommodation, Flight Ticket, Insurance, Transportation, Meals, Visa, Training & development.
Please login or register as a job seeker to apply for this Job Post
Register as Job Seeker


All relationships take work and experience ups and downs throughout the life of the relationship. In fact, growing pains and overcoming trials may strengthen the relationship. However, there are some behaviors that are of more concern than others.


text:
Find Trails > New Jersey > East Brunswick > East Brunswick Fishing Trails
East Brunswick, NJ Fishing Trails and Maps
Looking for the best Fishing trails around East Brunswick?
Find the top rated fishing trails in East Brunswick, whether you're looking for an easy short fishing trail or a long fishing trail, you'll find what you're looking for. Click on a fishing trail below to find trail descriptions, trail maps, photos, and reviews.
Berkshire Valley Management Area Trail
State: NJ
Ballast, Cinder
Black River County Park Trail
Black River Wildlife Management Area Trail
Capoolong Creek Wildlife Management Area
Cinder, Dirt, Grass, Gravel
Columbia Trail
Cooper River Park
Cross Island Parkway Trail
D&L Trail
Asphalt, Ballast, Crushed Stone, Dirt, Gravel
Delaware and Raritan Canal State Park Trail
East River Greenway
Ellen Farrant Memorial Bikeway
Frick's Trail
Historic Smithville Park Trails
Boardwalk, Dirt, Gravel, Sand, Woodchips
Johnson Trolley Line Trail
Asphalt, Dirt, Grass, Gravel
K&T Trail
Karl Stirner Arts Trail
Kingston Branch Loop Trail
Lake Galena Hike & Bike Trail
Lake Iliff Trail
Ballast, Cinder, Crushed Stone
Landsdown Trail
Concrete, Crushed Stone, Dirt, Gravel
Manasquan Reservoir Trail
Cinder, Crushed Stone, Dirt
Mosholu-Pelham Greenway
Palmer Township Recreation Trail (Towpath Bike Trail)
Paulinskill Valley Trail
Pennypack Trail
Asphalt, Cinder
Pequest Wildlife Management Area Trail
Ballast, Cinder, Dirt, Gravel
Perth Amboy Harbor Walk
Pleasant Spring Creek Bike & Walking Path
Taylor SteelWorkers Historical Greenway
Tyler State Park Trails
Walnut Bank Farm Trail
West Hudson Park Path
The Berkshire Valley Management Area Trail passes through hardwood forests and affords views of the valley below to the right. Equestrians must have a NJ Wildlife Permit, which is available from NJ...
NJ 2.1 mi Ballast, Cinder
In the mid 1800s Chester, New Jersey, was the home of the iron ore industry; railroads shipped the ore all over the county. With the end of the industry, however, the rail lines were abandoned, turned...
NJ 2.3 mi Dirt
This trail goes through the Black River Wildlife Management area along streambeds and forest. Equestrians must have a NJ Wildlife Permit, which is available from NJ DEP for a fee. The trail follows...
NJ 4 mi Ballast
This pleasant, flat rail-trail parallels Capoolong Creek through the Capoolong Creek Wildlife Management Area for nearly 4 miles. The surface is varied, so the trail is best suited for hiking or...
NJ 3.7 mi Cinder, Dirt, Grass, Gravel
The Columbia Trail has the distinction of being named for a natural gas pipeline that runs beneath it for 15 miles in rural northern New Jersey. The crushed-stone trail rolls along the South Branch of...
NJ 15 mi Crushed Stone
Camden's Cooper River Park is found on both the north and south shores of Cooper River Lake. The urban park is open daily from dawn to dusk and offers a paved loop path for bikers and pedestrians, as...
NJ 4.2 mi Asphalt
The Cross Island Parkway Trail closely follows its namesake thoroughfare through northeastern Queens. From its northern end, you will soon enter Little Bay Park, which offers lovely views of the...
NY 3.1 mi Asphalt
Note: This developing route is not yet fully contiguous; please refer to the interactive maps on the websites in the Related Content section. The D&L Trail runs for more than 140 miles through...
PA 142.2 mi Asphalt, Ballast, Crushed Stone, Dirt, Gravel
Spanning more than 70 miles, the Delaware and Raritan Canal State Park Trail is the longest completed multiuse trail in the state and is described by many as the crown jewel of New Jersey trails. A...
NJ 72.8 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone, Dirt
New York City's East River Greenway offers views of the East River, Queens, Brooklyn, and the iconic bridges that connect these boroughs to Manhattan. The paved pathway traces the waterfront on one...
When Jones Beach State Park opened on Long Island's South Shore in the late 1920s, a series of scenic parkways was built on infill dredged from nearby towns to connect New Yorkers to the new public...
Not to be confused with the well-known Frick Park across the state in Pittsburgh, the 1.5-mile Frick's Trail is among the newest link in a system of multi-use trails being developed in the suburbs...
PA 1.5 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
The village of Smithville, upon which the Historic Smithville Park (open 8 a.m.–30 minutes after sunset) sits, has a long and colorful past—and some important connections to the history of bicycles in...
NJ 3.9 mi Boardwalk, Dirt, Gravel, Sand, Woodchips
The Johnson Trolley Line has two sections, north and south, which are split by Interstate 95; there is talk of building an overpass to link the two segments. The Trenton-Princeton Traction Company ran...
NJ 3.3 mi Asphalt, Dirt, Grass, Gravel
The K&T Trail, also known as the Kensington & Tacony Trail for the former railroad line on which is runs, spans a mile along the Delaware River in Philadelphia. Beginning at the Frankford Arsenal Boat...
PA 1.1 mi Asphalt
The trail winds along the Bushkill Creek connects the old Simon Silk Mill on 13th Street to Third Street at the base of the stone stairs leading up to Lafayette College. The trail is paved and though...
The Kingston Branch Loop Trail is a trip up one side and down the other of the scenic tree-lined Delaware and Raritan Canal. The eastern half of the loop follows the bed of the Rocky Hill Railroad and...
NJ 1.75 mi Crushed Stone, Dirt, Gravel
The Lake Galena Park Hike & Bike Trail (alternatively the Peace Valley Park Hike & Bike Trail) offers 6 miles of blacktop along the shores of Lake Galena, just north of Doylestown in eastern...
PA 6 mi Asphalt
This is the first phase of the proposed Lehigh & Hudson River Rail Trail. The second phase will connect Hillside Park to Kittatinny Valley State Park. It is hoped that there will be an eventual...
NJ 1.1 mi Ballast, Cinder, Crushed Stone
The Landsdown Trail runs 1.8 miles between Lower Landsdown Road and W. Main in Clinton. The trail passes among open fields, woodlands and wetlands and provides access to the South Branch of the...
NJ 1.8 mi Concrete, Crushed Stone, Dirt, Gravel
The Manasquan Reservoir Trail is located in the Howell Township and provides a great natural destination in the heart of the town. The trail forms a perimeter loop around the 770 acre reservoir...
NJ 4.8 mi Cinder, Crushed Stone, Dirt
The Mosholu-Pelham Greenway connects several parks and recreational opportunities in New York City's north and central Bronx neighborhoods. A portion of the trail is also part of the growing East...
NY 10.3 mi Asphalt
The Palmer Township Recreation Trail (a.k.a. the Towpath Bike Trail) is a terrific community asset for Palmer and Bethlehem township residents and a great destination for visitors as well. Three modes...
The Paulinskill Valley Trail follows a creek by the same name through a section of rural New Jersey with a strong German influence. In fact, the word kill is Dutch for "riverbed or stream channel."...
NJ 27.1 mi Ballast, Cinder, Dirt, Grass
The Pennypack Trail travels through wooded parks in Philadelphia and Montgomery Counties along Pennypack Creek, which derives its name from a local American Indian term for a slow-moving creek....
PA 16 mi Asphalt, Cinder
This trail is much better suited to walking than to biking. It provides excellent access to the Pequest River which is stocked with trout. Not all of the bridges across the river have been decked and...
NJ 4.2 mi Ballast, Cinder, Dirt, Gravel
The Perth Amboy Harbor Walk offers scenic views of the Raritan Bay and Raritan River as it hugs the shoreline of the City of Perth Amboy, founded in 1683 and home to one of the nation's oldest ports....
NJ 0.7 mi Concrete
This paved, multi-use trail begins at the intersection of Constitution Ave. and Spruce Street, across from the entrance to Lenape Park. The trail extends east along Spruce Street, briefly winding into...
DESCRIPTION: The Created by Union Forge Heritage Association in 2007,Taylor SteelWorkers Historical Greenway is a 7 mile trail that winds its way through High Bridge criss-crossing a number of...
NJ 7 mi Crushed Stone, Dirt, Gravel
Tyler State Park, located in Newtown, Pennsylvania, covers over 1,700 acres on the grounds of an old farm in a charming woodland setting. The park features a network of interconnected trails,...
PA 10.8 mi Asphalt, Gravel
Named for a development just outside Quakertown, the 1.5-mile Walnut Bank Farm Trail links the borough with nearby Veterans Park and will form a link in the greenway that will eventually link...
PA 1.5 mi Asphalt, Concrete
The paved pathway running through West Hudson Park offers a scenic, tree-lined escape between Harrison and Kearny, NJ. The trail provides access to the park's stocked lake, water park, athletic...
NJ - 1.1 miles
PA - 0.7 miles
NJ - 15 miles
NY - 3.1 miles
PA - 16 miles
PA - 6 miles
NY - 10.3 miles
PA - 142.2 miles
PA - 10.8 miles
More East Brunswick bike trailsView Fewer East Brunswick bike trails
NJ - 27.1 miles
NJ - 1.75 miles
NJ - 4 miles
More East Brunswick walking trails View Fewer East Brunswick walking trails
More East Brunswick running trailsView Fewer East Brunswick running trails
Union Transportation Trail
Thoroughly enjoyed this trail
January, 2021 by myvowtowow
I arrived around 11 at the trailhead. Parking lot was almost full. The first two miles of the trail were muddy, but the ground was firm enough to ride comfortably. Some rural road crossings. Beautiful views of farms, bridges, tunnels and streams. Friendly people, uncrowded, some elevation. There were some steep ravenes without guardrails and quite a bit of swampy areas so not sure what conditions will be like in summer.
Liberty Bell Trail
Any trail exclusively for cyclists and pedestrians is a good trail
January, 2021 by dpv5034
I use a section of this trail when I travel to Lansdale by bike, it is a wonderful trail that offers a safe route away from cars for part of my ride. I am glad that Lansdale and Hatfield townships are working toward providing people with safe, protected trails for cycling, walking, running, and scooting. Please keep this up and bring more things like this to our Montgomery County communities!
Jewel of Eastern PA
December, 2020 by jmcginnis12@gmail.com
Stretching nearly 7 miles from Bachman Street in Hellertown south through the picturesque Saucon Valley to East Station Ave. in Coopersburg, the Saucon Rail Trail could easily be considered the Jewel of Eastern PA when it comes to multi-use greenways.
The trail is built along the route of the former North Penn RR, which once hauled iron, steel and coal from the mines of Northeastern PA and mills of the Allentown-Bethlehem metropolitan area south to Philadelphia. The line also doubled as a SEPTA commuter line until abandonment in 1984. The RR itself may be long gone, but numerous vestiges, including old telegraph poles and signal towers, one of which has been refurbished, rock cuts and several bridges that have since been repurposed for trail use, attest to the line's original purpose. The fact that the crushed stone trail is wide enough to easily accommodate two or more cyclists or hikers passing each other simultaneously is made possible by the fact that the line was double tracked for most of its length.
Other highlights along the trail include historical stone buildings and homes that are visible along the northern segment of the trail in Hellertown and Lower Saucon Township, palatial mansions of more recent vintage in Upper Saucon Township, quaint barns north of Coopersburg and the Hellertown wetlands.
The trail also passes several parks on its route, including Water Street and Grist Mill parks in Hellertown, Upper Saucon Township Community Park, located just west of the campus of DeSales University and South Lehigh Living Memorial Park in Coopersburg. In addition to providing opportunities for the kids to play or families to eat picnic lunches, these parks also provide convenient points to access the trail and feature their own, internal trail networks.
In addition to being a great, stand alone trail, the Saucon Rail Trail is also envisioned to become a vital link in an intercity greenway that will eventually connect the Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton-Phillipsburg conurbation with the Philly metropolitan area. The Upper Bucks Rail Trail now extends from the southern terminus in Coopersburg south to Veterans Park outside Quakertown, and there are also plans to extend the trail north to Saucon Park in Bethlehem, where it will link to the South Bethlehem Greenway.
Vanderbilt Motor Parkway
It's longer than 3 miles!!! 8 miles+
December, 2020 by peterosenrosen@gmail.com
A hidden gem in Queens. The actual Vanderbilt section might only be 3 miles but you can bike from Alley Pond Park near the tennis bubble all the way to Citifield in Flushing Meadows Corona Park. That's more than 8 miles of biking only crossing 4 or 5 streets. All of it is through or alongside parks where cars cannot run you over. Great, underutilized trail!!!
Thomas F. Hampton Trail (Crossley Preserve Trail)
December, 2020 by mdrew4300
Difficult to access. Water prevented completion. Much of the trail was flooded.
Loantaka Brook Reservation Trail
Smooth trails all around. Mostly shaded area. Highly recommend any skaters to trail skate here.
December, 2020 by jessicamguzman3
Old Croton Aqueduct Trail
Very dangerous in parts
December, 2020 by scottreevesmusic
This is not really a one long trail but a series of segmented trails. While the beginning of each segment is marked with an "OCA" post, at the end of most segments there is no indication about where to find the next thread of the trail. Often you have to go through busy suburban streets to make the connection, some of which are quite dangerous. Other reviews recommended using GPS on your phone, but Google maps only indicates where the various trail segments are and it is difficult to find out how they connect. My friend & I attempted to do the northern half of the trail from Tarrytown up to the Old Croton reservoir. When you get to the Clearview School in Scarborough, you have to ride on a very busy Rt. 9, which has no shoulder, until you can take up the trail on Scarborough Rd. When we got to Ossining, the trail ended with no indication how to continue, so we again had to ride on Rt. 9. Then my friend hit a broken drainage grate on the side of the street, which was covered with leaves so that she could not see the gap in the pavement. It threw her head-first onto the asphalt. She was knocked out for several minutes, had a concussion, was bleeding profusely and nearly broke her neck. I called an EMT which took her to a hospital, where she stayed for two days and had stitches to her face and several tests. She was lucky she was not paralyzed (thanks to wearing a helmet). Exercise GREAT caution if you take the Ossining part of the trail. Some of the other segments are O.K. but some of them are just like riding through peoples' backyards.
Amazing Ride
December, 2020 by c44ynwb7e4
Took my bike for 30 miles on this trail. What a relaxing, scenic experience. You want to get out there early if your biking, as the foot traffic increases around 11am. I enjoyed the different surfaces, the natural areas. A lot of deer and chipmunks. Definitely worth the experience. Whether you are on foot or wheels, pack plenty of water and a light snack. You will need it on this trail!
November, 2020 by leavy.chris
New section to Quakertown just opened
Bronx River Greenway
southern end of Bronx parkway
November, 2020 by betsywaters909
Great walk. But the section north of Woodhaven station is a dead end. I had to go back and walk city streets for a long section. All in all great walk from Soundview ferry station in the Bronx to Bronxville train station. I will return fir the next section
Easton to Bethlehem
November, 2020 by josephmletizia
Great for a moderate bike ride, did and out and back in about 2.5 hours. Started in Easton where the North/South Trail meets the East/West Trail. Nice combination of different trail optionsz
Henry Hudson Trail
Wonderful Trail
November, 2020 by energytraders
Rode Matawan the Highlands this past Saturday. The trail was very busy but everyone was very courteous and obeyed the rules of the trail. The paved trail is having tree root problems other than that it was a very good ride. I don't recommend road bikes as there are a lot of street crossings on this end of the trail. The best part is between Atlantic Highlands and Highlands.
Hillsdale, NJ
Kinnelon, NJ
Little Falls, NJ
Middlesex, NJ
Pine Hill, NJ
West Caldwell, NJ
West Freehold, NJ
West Paterson, NJ
Westfield, NJ


text:
You are at:Home»News»Sarawak»NZ universities and KYS college launch foundation programme
NZ universities and KYS college launch foundation programme
Posted on March 25, 2017, Saturday at 12:40 AM Sarawak, Think New NZ Edu
Subritzky (front third right) is seen during a photocall for the launching. KYSIC founder Tan Sri Halim Saad is at front third left, while Kamaruddin is at front left.
NEW Zealand universities in partnership with KYS International College (KYSIC) launched the new FCertNZ Foundation Programme on Tuesday.
It will allow students in Malaysia to be awarded both a Foundation Certificate by KYSIC and an undergraduate degree from one of New Zealand's eight universities.
The study programme will be offered at the KYS Business School (KYSB) in Ayer Keroh, Melaka.
Building on a collaboration agreement signed between three lead universities representing the consortium of all New Zealand's universities – the University of Otago, Victoria University of Wellington and the University of Waikato – and KYSIC in 2015, the FCertNZ Foundation Programme will see Malaysian students undergo a one-year foundation programme in KYSB before proceeding to a three-year (or more) undergraduate course in New Zealand.
KYS Business School (KYSB) chief executive Datuk Kamaruddin Awang said this new foundation programme aims to widen as well as create better educational opportunities for Malaysian students.
"KYS has always been at the forefront of quality education in Malaysia and the FCertNZ Foundation Programme kick-starts another chapter in our international education strategy.
"Through this new partnership with the universities in New Zealand, we hope that our students will continue to be exposed to high-quality education and gain valuable international experiences that can eventually help them meet the demands of both the local and global economy," said Kamaruddin, who is an alumnus of Victoria University of Wellington.
The new foundation programme offers a variety of courses in the fields of Humanities, Commerce, Sciences, Engineering as well as Health Sciences.
Examples of these courses include a Foundation in Accounting, which will lead a student to a Bachelor of Commerce; and a Foundation in Science, which is a pathway to a myriad of courses in health and applied sciences, engineering, architecture and IT.
Education New Zealand (ENZ) regional director of South, South East Asia and the Middle East John Laxon said the new foundation programme will provide a seamless pathway for Malaysian students to further their studies in New Zealand.
"Malaysian students are choosing New Zealand for a world-class education that focuses on innovation and creative thinking – key traits that employers look for today.
"We have seen a 66 per cent year-to-date increase in the number of Malaysian students choosing New Zealand this year and with this new programme, we are excited to see more students from Malaysia come to New Zealand for their studies," said Laxon.
New Zealand high commissioner to Malaysia Dr John Subritzky highlighted how this collaboration represents yet another significant milestone in the ever-growing relationship between both countries, especially with the two countries celebrating 60 years of diplomatic relations this year.
"Malaysia and New Zealand have long-standing educational ties which stem from the Colombo Plan scholarships in the 1950s and 1960s. Till today, partnerships formed between educational institutions in Malaysia and New Zealand are central to our robust relationship.
"It is exciting to see this collaboration between KYSIC, an established institution in Malaysia, and New Zealand's eight universities – all of which rank amongst the top three per cent in the QS World Rankings. We look forward to more collaborations between Malaysia and New Zealand institutions, and congratulations to all those involved," said Subritzky.
For more information about studying in New Zealand, visit www.studyinnewzealand.govt.nz.
ENZ is New Zealand's government agency for international education.
It works to grow awareness of New Zealand as a study destination and to support New Zealand education providers and businesses to take their services and products abroad.
Previous ArticleDr Soo, beauty queen with a PhD
Next Article Boat to be used as hearse for longhouses


text:
Q: How to make icons appear on tapping of screen as in gallery app When we run any gallery app we just open a photo. When tapping anywhere on screen , it generates a kind of snack bar in which there are many buttons like share,delete,edit,star,etc. When again tapping on screen all those items disappear simultaneously all together. Its a kind of snackbar at the top .
I want to know what's that effect called, and how it is used.

As in this image no icons are coming , but when i tap anywhere on screen some icons appear . ON top of screen name is there, and in button i am getting some options. I want all the options that are in bottom should be on top


This was passed along from my long time friend Connie Malone (Oregon Duck fan and all) who originally suggested I write a blog and told me how to spell it. She also coached me through many of my initial attacks from the trans nazi's on a certain social site we were on. You know, the ones who put themselves farther up the transgender food chain - "Trans-ness" to them is determined by operations and "time served."