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Many of the fishermen in developing countries are locked into economic systems that result in relative poverty. Although the technologies they use have evolved in accord with indigenous biological resources and socioeconomic realities, there may be opportunities for improvement. Existing technologies from other developing regions might be transferred to these fisheries and some of the technological advances from industrialized countries might benefit artisanal fishermen.
This report describes some of these innovative fishing technologies for small-scale fishermen, administrators of fisheries, development assistance groups, and others concerned with fisheries The objective is to establish new contacts, to examine alternative fishing technologies, and, after careful planning, to encourage application in new areas.
SMALL-SCALE FISHERMEN
There are about 15 million traditional small-scale fishermen in the Third World, perhaps half of whom fish full time. Another 15 million people are involved in fish preservation and distribution Assuming an average family of six, close to 200 million people in poorer countries are dependent on small-scale fisheries. For these people and the many others whom they supply, fish caught by traditional methods represent their principal source of protein.
Traditional fisheries may be commercial or subsistence, but they each have in common a small cash income. Fishermen of this sector often live in isolated coastal villages and may also be engaged in subsistence agriculture. In many societies, artisanal fishermen occupy the lowest social and economic class.
The fisherman's main wealth is in his fishing gear (boats, motors, nets, and lines), which is subject to rapid depreciation and loss. Fishermen either construct their own boats and assemble their gear or purchase them from village experts. In some cases, their small boats are powered with outboard gasoline motors, although sail and paddle power are common. Fishing practices tend to be labor intensive with minimal mechanical assistance. The total investment in fishing equipment is generally quite low, and the artisanal fisherman is quite adept at minimum input management.
Fishing productivity in the artisanal sector is consequently variable and low; many fishermen catch only one or two tons of fish per year. Nevertheless, the fish catch per ton of fuel consumed is much higher than in the industrial sector. The catch is rarely distributed in organized markets; more often it goes to local markets or is consumed by the fishermen's family.
PROBLEMS OF SMALL-SCALE FISHERMEN
Artisanal fishermen face a series of difficulties that contribute to their marginal standard of living. Government fishery policies often tend to concentrate resources in the modern, large-scale, commercial fisheries that earn foreign exchange. Thus, the small-scale fisherman finds it difficult or impossible to obtain credit, extension services, marketing assistance, or similar aid from development programs.
Traditional fishermen often compete with the industrial sector over limited common resources in the exclusive economic zone and commonly lose against more efficient technologies Numerous conflicts between these two types of fisheries occur. Typically, trawlers enter areas used by artisanal fishermen, destroying spawning and feeding areas, and damaging their buoys, nets, and traps. Further, the by-catch from inshore shrimp trawlers is often discarded, both removing the resource from the small-scale effort decreasing the availability of protein.
In many coastal zones, overexploitation of marine resources is already a serious problem that is augmented by low productivity. It heightens the conflicts between the industrial and traditional fisheries and endangers the economic and nutritional status of people who rely on the traditional fisheries.
Fish stocks may also be depleted by pollution from urban areas, industry, or mining; this more seriously affects small fishermen who have only limited mobility. Mangrove destruction, which removes vital spawning grounds, is also detrimental to coastal fish stocks.
In addition to biological overfishing and stock depletion, economic overfishing often plagues the small-scale sector. Excessive use of boats, fuel, and gear may double the effort needed to catch a limited amount of fish.
Market access is impeded by lack of credit, capital, and transportation. Moreover, the small-scale fishermen's lack of organization precludes them from influencing the market. The unavoidable dependence on middlemen for the means of production and marketing is often a great liability.
In other situations, the artisanal fisherman's reliance on less than optimal fishing vessels, methods, and gear may limit his catch, especially when he is competing with the industrial sector. The lack of adequate landing and processing facilities exacerbates heavy losses from wastage and makes selling fish outside the local area difficult.
Boat construction is a growing problem for many fishermen. The traditional dugout canoe, proa, and catamaran used for fishing and marine transportation require high-quality hardwood. With deforestation of many tropical coastal areas, these strong, workable, long-lived woods are increasingly scarce.
Many artisanal fishermen have adopted outboard motors, and sail technology has fallen into disuse. Outboard gasoline motors are expensive, difficult to repair, and not fuel efficient. Their costs can seriously restrict fishing operations. In West Africa, the lack of foreign exchange to purchase spare parts, replacement motors, and fuel has resulted in a decrease in the percentage of motorized small-scale fishing boats.
While recognizing the diverse problems faced by the small-scale fisherman in the Third World, this report will primarily address technological considerations. Innovative, relatively inexpensive technologies that, under some circumstances, might help fishermen will be described. Although not necessarily the newest, most sophisticated developments, these techniques may have already found successful application in a specific region. A technology might be successfully adapted to a new area if it solves a specific problem, causes no ecological or social problems, and is economically feasible and desired by the community it is intended to serve. Successful applications of new mechanical or fabrication technologies also require training, service support, and locally available components and spare parts.
There are no universal answers in fisheries technologies. Each fishery should be studied individually to determine the technologies that are applicable to its specific conditions.
Traditional fishing vessels are highly adapted to the fishing techniques and marine conditions of a specific region. This coordination between structure and function is not without problems, however. Small fishing boats often have a limited range of operations and are unsafe. They may lack structures to store and protect the catch. The high-quality timber used for boat construction in many tropical areas is increasingly scarce. Thus, in some regions there may be a stimulus for modifications in vessel design and construction materials.
High-quality timber and planks may be replaced by laminated wood composites (plywoods) preserved and sealed with resins. Plywood pieces can be wired together with galvanized soft-iron wire and then sealed with epoxy resins in the "stitch-and-glue" technique. Plywood boats are strong and light and are used in many parts of the world.
New construction techniques use veneers or thin plywood strips to build up a laminated hull over a mold. The veneer layers are oriented diagonally to each other and glued with epoxy resins. Plywood or fast-growing woods can be used in these rapid construction methods.
Rafts made from plastic tubes have become widely accepted in Taiwanese coastal fisheries, as have ferrocement vessels in Cuba and China.
Fiberglass is another increasingly popular material for boat construction because of its light weight, longevity, and strength. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization's Bay of Bengal program has adapted a fiberglass version of the traditional vu, a wooden outrigger. A number of fiberglass modifications of traditional West African fishing vessels have also been designed by the Yamaha Motor Company of Japan.
Alternative hull forms have gained popularity in some regions. Multihulled vessels or outriggers, traditionally found in the South Pacific and Southeast Asia, offer certain advantages for small-scale fisheries: they are stable, can be beached, and have a large working deck.
The outboard gasoline motor, widely used in small-scale fisheries throughout the world, is not very fuel efficient. Fuel is expensive, a high level of maintenance is required, and spare parts are scarce. Fishing vessels are frequently overpowered and waste fuel, in part because of the fishermen's desire for high speed to increase their range or competitiveness.
Fuel savings can be achieved by employing more efficient motors or using alternative fuels. Diesel-powered outboard and inboard motors have longer lifetimes than their gasoline counterparts and may be more economical. However, their high initial cost may be prohibitive to the small fishermen.
Gasifier technology has been developed in the Philippines and applied to fishing boats. Charcoal is burned with limited oxygen supply to produce a gaseous mixture of hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and methane, which can be used to fuel gasoline engines. Steam engines are also being investigated as power sources for small boats.
The oldest propulsion technique, wind power, is being reintroduced in a number of small-scale fisheries. Sails may be used as the main means for propulsion or to assist an engine. Fishermen can take advantage of the winds, thus saving fuel and reducing operating costs. Having an alternative propulsion source also increases the crew's safety. The details of sail-assist are specific for each fishery, since marine conditions, fishing vessels, and methods all vary.
The sails may be constructed of very inexpensive materials, such as canvas bags or the plastic sheeting used by kattumaran fishermen in Southern India. These sails last for many months, and can be easily repaired or replaced.
The Bay of Bengal program in India and Sri Lanka has reintroduced sailing rigs to small fishing vessels with positive results. A great deal of work has also gone into fitting sails to West African fishing canoes.
The high stability of catamarans permits them to carry larger sail areas than equivalent monohulls. Experimental fishing catamarans using sails have been adopted in India, West Africa, and the South Pacific.
Fishing Methods and Gear
The time-tested fishing methods are usually ideal for a given region since they have evolved to best fit such local requirements as the species to be captured and the desired size, the type of coast, and the marine conditions. Changing conditions may dictate new approaches, however. Modernizing factors are always a consideration for every traditional fishing method or gear. Moreover, successful fishing arts could be transferred from one region to another if conditions were comparable. There are numerous examples of innovative fishing arts being used in the Third World that are unknown several hundred miles away. New technologies could tap previously unexploited resources or allow small-scale fishermen to compete more effectively with the industrial sector.
Longlines, successfully used in many areas, offer great potential for the small-scale fishermen. These unwatched lines with multiple hooks attached to branch lines (snoods) may be set vertically or horizontally and can be anchored or allowed to drift. Modernization of this art involves the mechanization of hauling, the use of detachable snoods and polyethylene lines that float just off the bottom, and the introduction of light-emitting lures, which may help to increase the catch.
Pots and traps are universal and have the advantage of low cost and minimal inputs. They are highly specific to species and sizes, and their placement requires knowledge of the local conditions. Modernization in these fisheries is manifested by the use of more durable construction materials than traditional woods and fibers. Thus, modern Japanese octopus pots are constructed of sections of PVC pipe. Loss of traps or pots can be minimized by attaching them to longlines or by installing time release devices (pop-ups).
Light attraction of fish could be employed in many parts of the world. It is now used on Lake Tanganyika to attract fish to the opening between the two hulls of a catamaran. A liftnet captures the fish after they have been concentrated. In the Caspian Sea, light is also commonly used to attract fish to liftnets.
Trawling is a fishing technique usually restricted to industrial fisheries. However, two small boats with 5-hp motors can pair trawl, pulling the net together and thus compete with larger trawlers for benthic species.
Fish concentrate around submerged objects such as reefs, rocks, logs, and harbor structures. Fishermen have observed this and built artificial underwater structures to concentrate fish stocks. Artificial reefs are common in many traditional fisheries. Modern technologies may provide durable materials for these structures, but their function remains the same. Artificial reefs can be used as effective management tools. By concentrating the fish crop, fishermen can save time and fuel, thereby facilitating the catch.
Bundles of brush are placed in secluded coastal areas in West Africa, Cuba, and the Philippines to provide shelter and spawning areas for fish. Lobster shelters made of mangrove branches are prevalent in the lobster fisheries of Cuba and the Yucatan in Mexico. Traditional Japanese artifical reefs employ rock and rubble to enhance fishing grounds. Tires and cement are common materials for artificial reefs in Taiwan, the United States, and Israel, whereas the Japanese invest in sophisticated fiberglass, concrete, and steel modules.
Thailand's Department of Fisheries conducts an artificial reef program whose objective is to enhance fishing grounds for artisanal fishermen. Concrete trawler exclusion modules, which damage trawling nets of industrial fisheries, have also been deployed.
Artificial reefs are placed on the sea floor; fish aggregating devices (FADS) are used at the surface or suspended in the water column to attract pelagic species. Japanese fisheries employ floating bamboo shelters to attract dolphin fish or tuna. Philippine payaos are tuna-attracting bamboo rafts with palm fronds that are anchored in deep water. Modern FADs are constructed of steel, plastic, and artificial fibers, and may be more durable than traditional structures. Nevertheless, they are easily lost in the marine environment.
Coastal Mariculture
Mariculture offers an alternative to the overexploited marine resources in many coastal regions. It is possible that some fishing communities could also become involved with sea farming to provide additional protein or income. Sea farming in underutilized coastal areas would not compete with terrestrial agriculture for space and could be implemented without large investments. This report will only address mariculture in the coastal ocean, not the much larger topic of pond cultivation.
Recent research by the Smithsonian Institution has shown the biological feasibility of algal turf mariculture in nearshore areas. Algal turfs are grown on screens and then fed to herbivores such as whelk, parrotfish, and crab.
Highly nutritious seaweeds are consumed in Asia and are also employed in industry. The red algae Eucheuma is cultured on monofilament nets on family farms in the Philippines. The edible kelp Laminaria is cultivated on longlines and floating rafts in China. Nori (Porphyra), a popular edible seaweed, is farmed on submerged nets in Japan.
Cage culture of marine fish is still in its infancy but will undoubtedly gain popularity. The cages protect the fish from predators and simplify harvesting. The limited space available to the fish ensures that they will convert feed efficiently.
Crustaceans and molluscs are widely cultured in the marine environment. Oysters, mussels, clams, and scallops are typically grown on lines, stakes, or on the bottom, in many parts of the world. The highest productivity of these animals is in off-bottom culture. Good yields of mussels have been obtained in Western Samoa. The giant clam Tridacna displays a rapid growth rate and has demonstrated good potential for mariculture in the Caroline Islands.
Integrated sea farms have been established in Indonesia and the Philippines. Houses are built on bamboo stilts over the protected reef flat where sea farmers culture seaweed, shellfish, and fish.
Approximately 35 percent of the world's fish catch is lost after harvesting. These losses are great in the small-scale fisheries in tropical countries. Simple preservation techniques, common in one area of the world, could be employed in others to reduce postharvest losses.
Icing is a preferred preservation technique, but since it requires gasoline or electricity, it is often expensive. The Asian Institute of Technology in Thailand has field-tested an ice-making machine that uses solar energy. Wind and biomass energy may also run refrigeration systems.
Fish may be salted by dry or wet methods, although the latter (brine and pickle) are best for tropical applications. Numerous solar driers are in use throughout the tropics. They exclude insects and develop high enough temperatures to reduce mold or bacterial spoilage. Black plastic lining in the chamber absorbs heat and initiates a flow of heated air through the drier.
Improved smokers, such as the Chorkor smoker, are gaining acceptance in West Africa. They have long lives, low construction costs, consume little firewood, and have a large fish capacity.
Other processing methods have been perfected in specific regions. Minced fish (surimi) is the starting material for a number of fishpaste products in Japan. Kamaboko-the use of cheap fish flesh for reconstituting textured marine product analogs (such as crab legs, shrimp, and lobster meat) is becoming more widespread, acceptable, and profitable. Boiling fish in water is a short-term preservation technique practiced in Southeast Asia. Fermented fish products, such as sauces and pastes, are common in South and Southeast Asia.
This report treats fishing technology alone, as if it were isolated from biological, economic, cultural, and political considerations. The constraints of the small-scale fisherman in the Third World are usually socioeconomic and rarely due simply to the absence of a specific technology. Those who are involved in the introduction of technologies must be sensitive to the complete environment of the fisherman. Some of these interconnected considerations influencing the transfer of fishing technology include biological, economic, and social factors.
Biological Factors
Before any innovative marine technology is introduced, the marine resources to be exploited should be identified and assessed. Their temporal and spatial distribution, population dynamics, behavior, and life history should all be known. Sufficient stocks must be available to support the increased fishing effort.
At present, many coastal marine species are biologically overfished by the existing technologies. If this is the case for the fishery in question, there is certainly no need to introduce more efficient fishing technologies that would further exceed the maximum sustainable yield. A new technology will create an impact on the fish stocks. The magnitude of the impact should be determined so that effective management programs could be revised or initiated.
The introduction of new technologies involves investment of capital. Artisanal fishermen will only embrace and continue to use new technologies that satisfy their own economic interests. Any increased capital, or operating or maintenance costs must be balanced by an increased catch, which translates into increased profit. Careful cost-benefit analyses, feasibility studies, and pilot projects must be undertaken to ensure that this is the case.
The new technology must also be carefully compared with and evaluated against current technologies to ascertain that it is more successful and is worth the increased investment. If it is determined that there is an overinvestment in boats, gear, and fuel (economic overfishing), it may not be wise to introduce a new technology.
Most small-scale fishermen operate with an economic philosophy of minimal input management. That is, they invest as little as possible and hope for a maximum return. This method of operation must be understood by those working in fisheries development.
Credit must be available to the artisanal fishery sector with conditions of financing that are culturally acceptable and economically reasonable for the fisherman. The specific situation would determine the most appropriate structure for extending credit and whether the primary beneficiary of the credit is the individual fisherman or a fishing cooperative.
The regional economic stituation must be considered in addition to the economics of the new technology. It must be determined whether the processing and storage, transportation, and marketing infrastructure are adequate to handle an increased catch.
The successful introduction of technology requires a keen understanding of the cultural intricacies of a society. A technological innovation or modernization must be compatible with the existing social organization and managerial level if it is to be adopted by the community. The community's concepts of ownership of private property and tenure of the marine resources must be clearly understood by outsiders who are working in fisheries development.
The social implications of the new technology must also be carefully considered. Perhaps there will be conflict and competition with fishermen who continue to use the old technologies. Significant income disparities might be introduced into a close-knit, egalitarian community. Alternatively, social stratification could be exacerbated if only the wealthier fishermen were to benefit from the new technology. A new capital-intensive technology could also require less manpower and create unemployment. Since technology implies knowledge and knowledge translates into power, there could be significant power shifts in the commmunity as a result of the introduction.
It must be determined if the community's social fabric is resilient enough to withstand these increased tensions or if, perhaps, the increased social stress caused by the technology would negate its benefits.
The successful acceptance of a new technology by small-scale fishermen will depend on the participation of the fishermen in the choice of technology, their belief in its economic feasibility, the manner of its introduction, the technology's demonstrated success, and its modification to meet the unique local conditions.
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It's hard to believe that the beautiful Salma Hayek has a career that has spanned three decades already. She's an actress, a producer, and a director, all while being a timeless beauty. In an industry where everyone is desperately clinging to their youth, Salma seems to be effortlessly gliding along at 52 years old.
If we're being honest, you need to squint pretty hard to see any signs of aging in Salma's appearance. She's a big believer of the "less is more" philosophy of beauty. She takes care of herself but doesn't overdo it — she doesn't believe in using a host of products day after day. She credits her grandmother's beauty routine for her simplistic view.
Salma even came out with her own skin care and makeup line, Nuance by Salma Hayek. It's all part of her message that aging isn't something to fear, but to embrace. Her message of self-care and joie-de-vivre radiates through her actions.


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Rick Perry on War & Peace
Republican Governor (TX)
Not just no nuclear deal funding Iran, but "Hell no"
Q: Critics of the Iran deal say that it puts America on the same side as the largest state sponsor of Hamas & Hezbollah, but our traditional allies, led by Saudi Arabia, have also funneled support to Islamic radical groups who want to kill Americans. So which side do you believe we should be on?
PERRY: We need to be on the side that keeps Iran from getting a nuclear weapon. That's the side we need to be on, and that's the side of the bulk of the Middle East. We need to have some coalitions in that part of the world to go after ISIS, but we also need to send a clear message. And hopefully we use Congress to cut this funding. The issue for us is to have a Congress that stands up and says not only "no," but "Hell no" to this money going to a regime that is going to use it for terror. We need to stand up and strongly and clearly tell the ayatollah that the first thing that I will do is tear up that agreement with Iran. Source: Fox News/Facebook Second Tier debate transcript , Aug 6, 2015
Tear up Iranian nuclear deal on Day One, then use White-Out
Q: Your first executive order would be in the White House would be what?
PERRY: It'll be a pretty busy day, but that Iran negotiation is going to be torn up on day one. We're going to start the process of securing that border. I'm also going to take a bottle of White-Out with me to get started on all those executive orders that Mr. Obama has put his name to.
Q: That will be a long day.
PERRY: It will be a long day. Source: Fox News/Facebook Second Tier debate transcript , Aug 6, 2015
Coalition against ISIS but include US troops
Q: You have called for boots on the ground to fight ISIS. How does your service--you flew jets in the Middle East--how does it shape your attitudes when it comes to deploying troops abroad?
A: I know the cost of war. I know I've seen it on the face of these young warriors and on their families. And before we ever send our young men and women into combat, we need to use every tool that we have.
Q: Do you think we've exhausted every measure possible before doing that [in Syria and Iraq to fight ISIS]?
A: I don't have all the intelligence. I would suggest we need a coalition of those Gulf States, of Saudi, of Jordan, of the Egyptians, the Turks, the Israelis--we cannot affect ISIS without having personnel on the ground in a direct combat role Source: CNN SOTU 2015 interview series: 2016 presidential hopefuls , Jul 26, 2015
Decisive action against ISIS, not just promises & speeches
Republican presidential candidates are harshly critiquing President Obama's comments Monday regarding the lack of a "complete strategy" to confront ISIS in Iraq. "We don't yet have a complete strategy because it requires commitments on the part of the Iraqis," the president stated.
Rick Perry continued to highlight his executive experience in his criticism of the president's ISIS policy. "Positive rhetoric alone does not solve problems, action does," he said in a statement. "If I were Commander-in-Chief, it would not take nine months to work with our military leaders to develop a complete strategy to destroy ISIS and protect American security interests and values."
One of Perry's talking points has been his record of decisive action rather than promises and speeches. In his campaign launch on June 4, he advocated for a tougher approach to Russia and Iran, declaring, "This will be a 'show-me, don't tell me' election, where voters will look past the rhetoric to the real record." Source: RealClearPolitics 2015 coverage: 2016 presidential hopefuls , Jun 9, 2015
ISIS is worst threat to freedom since Communism
A former Air Force pilot, Perry advocates muscular intervention on foreign policy. He believes that American ground troops may have to be deployed to fight the Islamic State, an extremist group that he said "represents the worst threat to freedom since Communism." He blames what he calls President Obama's "incompetence" in handling Iraq and Syria for the rise of the Islamic State. Source: N. Y. Times 2015 coverage of 2016 presidential hopefuls , Jun 4, 2015
Provide lethal aid to Ukraine against Russian separatists
Perry has called for providing lethal aid to the Ukrainian military to fight Russian-backed separatists, support that Obama has resisted giving. He has warned against Russian and Chinese aggression, and criticized Obama's warming of ties with Cuba, saying the administration "empowered the Castro regime with no thought of the Cuban people." Source: N. Y. Times 2015 coverage of 2016 presidential hopefuls , Jun 4, 2015
ISIS is the biggest threat since communism
Perry slammed President Obama's response to ISIS and Russia as "naive, dangerous and misguided." "ISIS presents the biggest threat to national security since communism," he added. "We didn't start this war, nor did we choose it, but we will have the will to finish it."
In a focused 15-minute speech, Perry also took aim at the White House's ongoing negotiations with Iran over the development of its nuclear program and reiterated his support for the state of Israel.
"These are Americans," Perry said. "You are talking about, in the case of ISIS, people who are beheading individuals and committing heinous crimes, who are the face of evil. To try to make the relationship between them and the unions is inappropriate." Source: N. Y. Daily News on 2015 Conservative Political Action Conf. , Feb 27, 2015
Airstrike against Islamic State in Iraq avoids ISIS in Texas
Perry called on the Obama administration to step up airstrikes against Islamic State militants in Iraq, warning that jihadist terrorists could cross the Southwest border if they are not defeated in the Middle East: "The administration wishes--and who doesn't--that this was just a humanitarian crisis," Perry said. "Nothing less than a sustained air campaign to degrade and destroy ISIS forces is required."
If ISIS is not stopped in the Middle East, Perry said, its terrorists could end up coming across what he called an "unsecured" Southwest border. In fact, Perry asserted, "there is a very real possibility" they could already be coming, although he said there is "no clear evidence" that they are. "There's the obvious great concern that, because of the position of the border from the standpoint of it not being secure, and us not knowing who is penetrating across, that individuals from ISIS or other terrorist states could be," Perry said. Source: Gannett News 2014 coverage of 2016 presidential hopefuls , Aug 21, 2014
Arm the Kurds, and send Special Ops to fight ISIS
In addition to airstrikes, the U.S. must send more special operations forces and intelligence gatherers into Iraq to help the Iraqi government, Perry said. He said the U.S. government and its allies also should airlift weapons to Kurds in Iraq trying to defend themselves against ISIS.
In response to a question about whether he advocates sending U.S. ground troops back into Iraq, the governor said that all options should be kept open. "They (ISIS) need to be eliminated, and they need to be eliminated now," Perry said.
The governor said he understands that President Obama is being warned by advisers and fellow Democrats about the danger of "mission creep" by sending U.S. military forces back into Iraq. But Perry said Obama should be more worried about ISIS' definition of "mission creep"--an attack against the United States. Source: Gannett News 2014 coverage of 2016 presidential hopefuls , Aug 21, 2014
I would send troops back into Iraq, to exclude Iran
Q: [to Santorum]; Would you send troops back into Iraq right now?
SANTORUM: Well, I wouldn't right now.
PERRY: I would send troops back into Iraq.
Q: Now?
PERRY: I think we start talking with the Iraqi individuals there. The idea that we allow the Iranians to come back into Iraq and take over that country, with all of the treasure, both in blood and money, that we have spent in Iraq, because this president wants to kowtow to his liberal, leftist base and move out those men and women. He could have renegotiated that timeframe. I think it is a huge error for us. We're going to see Iran, in my opinion, move back in at literally the speed of light. They're going to move back in, and all of the work that we've done, every young man that has lost his life in that country will have been for nothing because we've got a president that does not understand what's going on in that region. Source: WMUR 2012 GOP New Hampshire debate , Jan 7, 2012
Sanction the Iranian Central Bank; no-fly zone over Syria
Q: Do you believe that there is any set of sanctions that could be put in place that would stop Iran from getting a nuclear weapon?
PERRY: Absolutely. We need to sanction the Iranian Central Bank. That would be one of the most powerful ways to impact that. That is what we need to do before we ever start having any conversations about a military strike, is to use every sanction that we have. And when you sanction the Iranian Central Bank, that will shut down that economy. At that particular point in time, they truly have to deal with the US. All of them working together--and I'm talking about Syria--bring them into the mix as well. One of the options is to have a no-fly zone over Syria at the same time you're putting those types of sanctions against Iran. And in that moment, they will understand that America is serious. This President refuses to do that, and it's another show of lack of leadership from the President of the US. Source: 2011 CNN National Security GOP primary debate , Nov 22, 2011
Shut down the Iranian Central Bank to stop nukes
Q: [to Romney]: Would it be worth going to war to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon?
Romney: The president should have built credible threat of military action, and made it very clear that the US is willing, in the final analysis, if necessary, to take military action to keep Iran from having a nuclear weapon.
Paul: No, it isn't worthwhile. I'm afraid what's going on right now is similar to the war propaganda that went on against Iraq.
Perry: The issue that has not been raised is that this country can sanction the Iranian Central Bank right now and shut down that country's economy. And that's what this president needs to do and the American people need to stand up and force him to make that stand today. Source: 2011 debate in South Carolina on Foreign Policy , Nov 12, 2011
Complete the mission in Afghanistan, with no timetable
Q: What's your appraisal of the combat situation in Afghanistan today?
Perry: The mission must be completed there. The idea that we will have wasted our treasure and the lives of young Americans to not secure Afghanistan is not appropriate. But the idea that we would give a timetable to our enemy is irresponsible from a military standpoint, it's irresponsible from the lives of our young men and women. And it is irresponsible leadership of this president to give a timetable to pull out of any country that we're in conflict with.
Q: What's your appraisal of the combat situation?
Perry: I think we're making progress there. The issue is training up the Afghan security forces so that we're comfortable that they can protect that citizenry and continue to take the war to the terrorists that are using Afghanistan--and Pakistan, I might add. Our military is doing the best job that they can, considering this administration is telegraphing to the enemy when we're going to pull out. Source: 2011 debate in South Carolina on Foreign Policy , Nov 12, 2011
Transition out of Afghanistan but keep non-military presence
Q: Is $2 billion a week money well spent by US taxpayers in Afghanistan?
HUNTSMAN: We don't need 100,000 troops in Afghanistan nation-building at a time when this nation needs to be built. The time has come for us to get out of Afghanistan.
PERRY: I agree with Gov. Huntsman when we talk about it's time to bring our young men and women home and as soon and obviously as safely as we can. But it's also really important for us to continue to have a presence there. And I think the entire conversation about, how do we deliver our aid to those countries, and is it best spent with 100,000 military who have the target on their back in Afghanistan, I don't think so at this particular point in time. I think the best way for us to be able to impact that country is to make a transition to where that country's military is going to be taking care of their people, bring our young men and women home, and continue to help them build the infrastructure that we need, whether it's schools or otherwise. Source: 2011 GOP Tea Party debate in Tampa FL , Sep 12, 2011
Secure freedom for oppressed people in Iraq and Afghanistan
Today our soldiers in Iraq and Afghanistan are on patrol, securing freedom for oppressed people, guarding the tender shoots of a blooming democracy, working to eradicate an infestation of terrorism, so that it does not revisit our nation. Media reports from the front lines are filled with stories of gloom, defeat and failure, and talking heads, whose only experience with sand and heat are from the beaches of Martha's Vineyard, sound the cry to retreat, but those who serve on the front line tell a different story. Time and again, I speak to soldiers who have seen the positive impact of US efforts and tell of Iraqi communities responding to the rule of law. We have come too far and sacrificed too much to simply walk away and allow the dark forces of oppression to regain control of these places that have been consecrated by the blood of our nation's best. Instead, we must lead boldly, focused on preserving order as we prepare people who once lived in bondage to defend their own freedom. Source: Memorial Day speech to veteran's group , May 26, 2008
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text:
Sara Beck, better known by her stage name Pink Nasty, is an American singer-songwriter.  She is from Wichita, Kansas and currently lives in Austin, Texas.  Pink Nasty has released three full-length albums.  She performs with her brother, a rapper who goes by the stage name Black Nasty.

Kathryn Yu of NPR described Pink Nasty as a "young and talented singer-songwriter whose quirky alt-country songs nicely complement her pretty but powerful voice".    The song "Don't Ever Change" on her second album, Mold the Gold features  Pink Nasty and Bonnie Prince Billy.    She has opened for notable indie music acts Britt Daniel and José González.

Pink Nasty's third album, Pink Nasty was released in 2010.  Reviews on the Oxford American and Austin 360 websites praise the album's blend of quirkiness and pop.

Beck studied at Berklee College of Music, and cites Weezer, Stephen Malkmus and The Strokes as influences.

Discography

References

External links

American alternative country singers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Berklee College of Music alumni
American women country singers
American country singer-songwriters
American women singer-songwriters
Musicians from Wichita, Kansas
Musicians from Austin, Texas
Singer-songwriters from Texas
Country musicians from Texas
21st-century American women
Singer-songwriters from Kansas

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Catalogue 2020 (PDF)
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The South Korean Economy
Sunil Kim, Jonson Porteux
£60.00 | $90.00
256 pages | 210 x 148mm | 31 March 2021
Series: World Economies
South Korea is one of only two Asian members of the OECD. With the fourteenth largest economy in the world, South Korea has achieved this remarkable level of economic development since its independence from Japan in 1945. Indeed, it has achieved this transformation, exceptional for any postcolonial state, despite one of the most brutal fratricidal conflicts fought since the Second World War. Ingyu Oh and Jonson Porteux chart this astonishing economic development and explain the puzzle that is the South Korean economy.
The authors examine how South Korea has developed a highly innovative economy based on advanced technologies and infrastructure in spite of a postcolonial legacy of military leaders in suits and the lack of fully developed free markets. The authors develop several new explanatory concepts, such as "credible threats", "rent-sharing", "violent entrepreneurialism" and a "military development state" to explain how Korea's economic development was in large part the outcome of political corruption, deficient political protection of property rights, human rights and civil liberties, and the violent suppression of labour movements. The longstanding family-owned and run industrial conglomerates -- the chaebol -- characteristic of the Korean economy are shown to have been behind the shift to high-tech industrialization despite strong state resistance. The challenges of globalization, the precarious and fragile relationship with North Korea, the slowdown of domestic demand, and the implications for South Korea of the snowballing protectionism of Japan, China and the United States are all examined, along with the recent populist assaults on the conglomerates and their families.
The book offers new insights and frameworks for understanding the fascinating economic history of South Korea as well as the processes of industrialization and democratization more generally.
Sunil Kim is Assistant Professor in the Department of International Studies at Kyung Hee University and a visiting research scholar at the Department of Asian Studies, University of Texas at Austin. He holds a PhD in political science from the University of California, Berkeley.
Jonson Porteux is Assistant Professor at Kansai Gaidai University in Osaka, Japan. He holds a PhD in political science from the University of Michigan. He publishes mainly on the economic and political causes and consequences of violence and democratization.
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text:
Il Protocollo di Cartagena sulla biosicurezza (Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety) è un protocollo della Convenzione sulla diversità biologica (CBD), che ha come obiettivo la protezione della biodiversità dai rischi derivanti dal trasferimento, dalla manipolazione e dall'uso degli organismi geneticamente modificati ottenuti dalle moderne tecniche di biotecnologia.

Generalità e storia

Il testo del protocollo di Cartagena, detto anche  Biosafety Protocol, fu inizialmente discusso in una sessione straordinaria della CBD a Cartagena, in Colombia. La sua versione finale fu invece approvata in una riunione a Montréal all'alba del 29 gennaio 2000 dopo una notte di negoziazioni da parte di tecnici e ministri di molti paesi. L'accordo finale è stato raggiunto in gran parte grazie alla determinazione del delegato danese e del ministro dell'ambiente colombiano.

Il Protocollo si rifà direttamente all'articolo 19 della  convenzione sulla diversità biologica o CBD e al principio di precauzione così come definito all'articolo 15 della dichiarazione di Rio sull'ambiente e lo sviluppo. Nel testo si riconosce la necessità di indagare a fondo i potenziali rischi associati agli organismi geneticamente modificati, ottenuti tramite le moderne biotecnologie, al fine di garantire un elevato livello di protezione con particolare riferimento alla diversità biologica, ed assegna alle Parti della convenzione il compito di assumere le necessarie misure legali, amministrative e politiche al fine di prevenire eventuali rischi.
Le Parti si impegnano inoltre a sviluppare protocolli e procedure per il trasporto, la gestione, e l'uso in sicurezza di qualsiasi organismo geneticamente modificato che possa avere effetti negativi sulla conservazione e sull'uso sostenibile della biodiversità.

Il protocollo entra in vigore l'11 settembre del 2003.

Obiettivo

L'obiettivo del protocollo di Cartagena è quello di contribuire ad assicurare un adeguato livello di protezione nel campo del trasporto, della manipolazione e dell'uso in sicurezza degli organismi geneticamente modificati derivanti dalle moderne biotecnologie i quali possano avere un effetto negativo sulla conservazione e sull'uso sostenibile della diversità biologica, tenendo in considerazione anche i rischi alla salute umana e focalizzandosi specificamente sui movimenti transfrontalieri.

Il protocollo quindi si pone come strumento giuridico internazionale che contribuisce a regolamentare il trasporto internazionale di OGM. Il protocollo non pone alcuna limitazione alla sperimentazione, alla produzione o alla coltivazione di organismi geneticamente modificati, ma obbliga i Paesi che volessero esportarne ad ottemperare ad alcune procedure.

Il Paese esportatore, attraverso una  notifica scritta, deve informare il paese importatore dell'intenzione di trasferire uno o più specifici OGM. Il Paese importatore, a seconda della legislazione nazionale, può effettuare delle analisi scientifiche e valutare il grado di rischio che comporterebbe l'importazione di ciascun OGM (Risk Assessment). Sulla base di fondate prove scientifiche, il Paese importatore può rifiutare l'importazione dell'OGM considerato a rischio. Il Paese importatore può, sulla base di scelte politiche o economiche interne al paese, prevedere di accettare un certo livello di rischio, possibilmente mettendo in atto alcune misure di mitigazione o di controllo (Gestione del rischio).

Il trasferimento di tecnologia

Fra i compiti che la comunità internazionale si prefigge per l'applicazione del protocollo di Cartagena, c'è il cosiddetto trasferimento di tecnologia. Infatti per una corretta gestione degli OGM e per assicurare il rispetto delle Decisioni del Protocollo, ogni Paese deve essere in grado di assicurare alcune azioni sia amministrative che logistiche e di controllo, le quali richiedono spesso conoscenze (tecnologie "soft") ed attrezzature specifiche (tecnologie "hard").

Logistica:

I Paesi produttori devono garantire un sistema di  tracciabilità, ossia devono garantire una catena di produzione, trasporto e distribuzione dei prodotti agroalimentari che assicuri l'assoluta certezza del materiale prodotto, trasportato e distribuito. È infatti capitato più volte di rendersi conto troppo tardi che interi carichi di granaglie non-GM fossero mescolate con quelle GM.

Le  autorità doganali dei Paesi esportatori ed importatori devono essere attrezzate per la gestione in sicurezza delle merci GM. Può capitare infatti che le merci debbano essere trattate in maniera particolare per evitare possibili contaminazioni su terreni esterni a quelli autorizzati per la coltivazione o sperimentazione GM specifica.

L'autorità nazionale competente dovrà creare e gestire un sito informativo su internet, chiamato Clearing-House sulla Biosicurezza in cui una serie di informazioni dovranno essere a disposizione dei cittadini e delle industrie che volessero esportare prodotti GM verso quel Paese.

La Biosafety Clearing-House BCH

Similarmente alla CBD, il protocollo di Cartagena pone una particolare enfasi allo scambio di informazioni e richiede di creare un meccanismo specifico di Clearing-House, detto appunto Biosafety Clearing-House o BCH.

Questo meccanismo di scambio di informazioni prevede che ogni Parte del protocollo pubblichi sul sito BCH la legislazione nazionale che regolamenta il trasporto di OGM, le eventuali autorizzazioni date o negate, la lista degli OGM autorizzati nel paese etc.

La consultazione pubblica

Il nodo italiano per la BCH pubblica le  notifiche, ossia le richieste delle industrie che vogliono esportare prodotti OGM verso l'Italia o verso Stati membri dell'Unione europea.

Queste notifiche sono a disposizione di tutti i cittadini i quali possono, entro 30 giorni dalla pubblicazione, mandare i propri commenti all'autorità nazionale competente in materia di OGM, presso il Ministero dell'ambiente.

L'autorità nazionale competente coordina i lavori della Commissione interministeriale di valutazione (CIV) che, prendendo anche visione dei commenti ricevuti dai cittadini attraverso il processo di Consultazione Pubblica, pubblica una decisione riguardo alla concessione o meno di un'autorizzazione.

Collegamenti esterni

Trattati sull'ambiente
OGM
Diritto ambientale
Cartagena de Indias


This week I was determined to figure out what the heck to do with our fireplace. It was driving me insane.
Our fireplace has looked like this for almost a month now. I just could not figure out what I wanted to do with it after taking down Christmas other than to paint that mirror. I took down the larger mirror that is normally up there and replaced it with this taller skinnier mirror. I felt it was time to change things up after three years.
I had The Hubster help me get the newest mirror down so I could paint it. This is what I came up with, an inexpensive trumeau mirror. I am not quite happy with it. The detail at the top is just not right to me so I think I am going to be looking for a more ornate piece to replace it. It had an awesome piece on it at some point in time because I could still see the outline of it. I hate that it was missing.
I ordered this faux vintage cow print back in November from The Antique Farmhouse. I originally was going to put it in the laundry room but it didn't make the cut in the end.
I am trying to lighten and brighten things up in our home and this Ralph Lauren pillow plus its twin hopped in my cart while at HomeGoods one day. I layered it with a cloth napkin I purchased from Pier One. I am thinking of making a pillow with it but for now I like it here.
My new little grain sack table that I shared last week found a home right here.
I added this cute little pillow from Decor Steals to complete the vignette.
I love it! You find the greatest accessories! Happy Weekend to you!
Luv it!! The mirror, the chippy corbel, all of it. But I can empathize... since Christmas I have changed mine 3 times :-( I can't seem to get the feel I am after.
I luv yours though. If you tire of it... send it my way .. hahahahaa.
Here's to a GREAT Friday Pamela.
I think it looks really pretty, Pamela! I do love that mirror!
Your mantel looks great. I know what you mean though, I'm changing things up constantly. It motivates me to clean... and I like change.
Hope you are having a GREAT week Pamela!
Pamela, your mantel is looking wonderful!!
I'm trying really hard not to covet your chippy corbel (because I know I shouldn't covet things) but I can't take my eyes off of it. From the chippy white paint to the hint of blue and green... it is fantastic! I Covet Your Corbel!!! I will repent later after I stare a little longer.
Pamela I love that cow plaque! I think your mantel looks great!
I love your mantel the way you have it but know what you mean when you just can't get the look/feeling you want. To me that means it's time to walk away for a bit, it's just not the right time to get the feeling you want.
Since I took Christmas off our shutter shelf (my answer to a mantel) I redid it 2 or 3 days after, but still not happy with it. Just acquired a couple new geegaws so maybe they'll work.
I'm shopping the house and whatever goodies I can find, put them together when it feels right, see what happens. Give yourself time to get that good feeling. Do you have to have it done sooner?
Your mantel looks beautiful and I love the reclaimed corbel. I'm in love with anything with a cow on it so I love your cow pic. If you are not happy with the applique on top of the mirror maybe you could put a pretty wreath applique with swags, I found mine at diychicgirl on Etsy. She has some wonderful appliques that look fabulous on anything.
Pamela, I love this, it is so warm that mirror is just gorgeous.
Oh Pamela, that mirror transformation is fabulous!!! I think the detail is wonderful! and your cows are perfect there!!!!
Hi Pamela - Thanks for leaving such a nice comment about my striped desk and chair. Your 'Winter Fireplace' is so warm and inviting. Love the cow print. It's nice how it picks up all the colors from the other placed items. Very Nice.
I think it looks great. I especially like the cow print you have up there.
So nice to visit with you tonight.
Love, love, love! I want your corbel and grain sacks! They are beautiful! Thanks for stopping by my blog earlier!
I like it, and what great finds the mirror and the cows picture. Sometimes walking away for a while gives you a whole new perspective.
Great, great, great! I adore that chippy corbel, and your pillows are darling, Pamela!
Hi, your photos are amazing! I love the mirror over the mantle and your grainsack table. Your house is very refreshing!
This looks great, Pamela. I love your new cow print.


text:
new-article 111616851950283 https://lifestyle.livemint.com story https://lifestyle.livemint.com Health /health/fitness/what-is-it-like-to-run-a-desert-ultramarathon-111616851950283.html https://images.livemint.com/img/2021/03/27/68x68/isaac-wendland-7DCZgKyp8vw-unsplash_1616852639809_1616852653411.jpg
Home > Health> Fitness > What is it like to run a desert ultramarathon?
What is it like to run a desert ultramarathon?
Taher Merchant from Bengaluru will attempt the four Desert Ultramarathon Grand Slam to support underprivileged children
/health/fitness/what-is-it-like-to-run-a-desert-ultramarathon-111616851950283.html 111616851950283 story
Desert ultramarathons are the toughest races. (Unsplash)
Taher Merchant from Bengaluru is set to become the first Indian participant for 2021 to attempt the four Desert Ultramarathon Grand Slam, a race which comprises of running 250km across 4 deserts in one calendar year.
38-year-old Taher, a father of two girls, will be running the 4 Desert Ultramarathon to support education for underprivileged children.
There are less than 75 individuals worldwide who have accomplished the Grand Slam since its inception. This is an annual event of four 250 km races across some of the most beautiful and dangerous desert landscapes in the world -- Namib Race (Namibia), Gobi March (Mongolia), Atacama Crossing (Chile) and The Last Desert (Antarctica). Each race will have to be completed in seven days.
For a 14-year-old Meena from Raebareli, the 4 Desert Ultramarathon might not mean much but it might just change her life. And the lives of many like her. From the 'sapera' community, Meena had to drop out of school and take care of household chores and siblings. The number of children who drop out of school ranges from 62.1 million (HRD Ministry) to 84 million (2011 census). This was made worse by the pandemic in 2020.
"It is sad to even imagine a girl child being denied education or forced to marry because there is no money for fees. The pandemic made me decide to raise money to help educate them," said Bengaluru resident Taher Merchant.
Taher is no stranger to fitness and fundraiser challenges. In 2020 he took part in Oxfam India's Trailwalker Virtual-Challenge to walk in solidarity with the migrant labourers, who were stranded without money or job after the lock-down that was announced on March 25, 2020.
About the Ultramarathon he said, "The idea of exploring how far I can push my body and mind has always excited me. In 2016, when I finished the Ladakh Marathon which is considered to be one of the toughest in India, I felt I had to do something even more challenging. And a couple of years later I found myself running across five Himalayan passes and completing the world's highest Ultra Marathon in 19 hours, 15 minutes and 10 seconds."
But his search for an even more gruelling challenge was still on. "This search for the next exciting race ended when I came across the 4 Deserts Ultramarathon Series. Now, I get to cover over 250 km across some of the most beautiful and forbidding landscapes of the world."
This story has been published from a wire agency feed without modifications to the text. Only the headline has been changed.


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Editor's Pick|324,489 views| Sep 17, 2018, 12:10 am
The Next Harmful Move Against H-1B Visas
Stuart AndersonSenior ContributorOpinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own.
I write about globalization, business, technology and immigration.
Donald Trump signed a "Buy American and Hire American" executive order in April 2017. It has been cited by officials to justify new restrictions on H-1B visas for high-skilled foreign nationals. (Mark Hoffman/Milwaukee Journal Sentinel/TNS via Getty Images)
Left to their own preferences, it seems Trump Administration officials would not allow any H-1B visa holders to work in the United States. For the past two years, every administration measure on high-skilled immigration has made life more difficult for high-skilled foreign nationals and their employers – and there is more to come.
As part of its regulatory agenda, the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has pledged to enact a new rule that has gone largely unnoticed. The rule would limit who would qualify for an H-1B visa and also restrict which companies would be eligible for an H-1B based on the "employer-employee relationship." This matters because an H-1B visa is typically the only practical way for an international student or a high-skilled foreign national to work long-term in the United States.
While the regulation has not been issued yet by DHS, it has been given a title: "Strengthening the H-1B Nonimmigrant Visa Classification Program." Here is how DHS summarizes the future rule: "The Department of Homeland Security will propose to revise the definition of specialty occupation to increase focus on obtaining the best and the brightest foreign nationals via the H-1B program, and revise the definition of employment and employer-employee relationship to better protect U.S. workers and wages. In addition, DHS will propose additional requirements designed to ensure employers pay appropriate wages to H-1B visa holders."
I interviewed a number of immigration attorneys to get a more accurate picture of what this regulation will look like and its potential impact on workers, employers and the U.S. economy.
"This is another in a long line of attempts by the Trump Administration to circumvent Congress and the required legislative process and unilaterally make changes to curtail skilled immigration to the United States," said Noah Klug, principal, the Klug Law Firm. He doesn't believe it is within the authority of the Department of Homeland Security to "revise the definition of specialty occupation."
What does the law say about specialty occupations? Section 214(i)(1) of the Immigration and Nationality Act states, "[T]he term 'specialty occupation' means an occupation that requires theoretical and practical application of a body of highly specialized knowledge, and attainment of a bachelor's or higher degree in the specific specialty (or its equivalent) as a minimum for entry into the occupation in the United States."
However, just because it may not be legally advisable to revise the definition of an H-1B specialty occupation, does not mean the Administration won't attempt to do it. "As an initial matter I would think it will have a qualitative component," said Dagmar Butte, partner, Parker, Butte & Lane. "The drumbeat of an H-1B being intended to only bring the best and the brightest has been incessant the last three years or so. The problem is, of course, that was not the purpose of the H-1B and we already have a temporary visa for that – the O-1."
What might Trump officials include in the regulation? "I think they will eliminate the Level 1 wage. That would be contrary to the statute, which mandates 4 wage levels," said Butte. "This would definitely buy them a lawsuit unless Congress changes the statute. I also think they will attempt to eliminate certain kinds of third-party employment or require formal co-employment. However, I am not sure how they'll do it . . . All of this will hit employers and 'entry-level' foreign national workers the hardest."
Butte explains that most new graduates, whether foreign-born or native-born, are considered entry-level workers. "If the Level 1 or entry level wage is eliminated employers are not likely to hire an entry-level worker at the next wage level, which in almost all H-1B occupations is significantly greater when you look at the DOL wage ranges," said Butte. "Therefore, a foreign student would not be able to obtain entry level work in the U.S. upon graduation. This would be true even for many advanced degree graduates."
She also warns that revising the definition of a specialty occupation to include achievement beyond the existence of a degree will make the process too arbitrary for employers. She notes a separate problem would emerge if a revised definition focuses narrowly on the title of the degree and overlooks the individual's body of knowledge, since that would ignore what employers seek in a competitive labor market.
Jennifer Minear, a director in the immigration practice group at McCandlish Holton, agrees that it is hard to envision how DHS would lawfully change the definition of the term "specialty occupation."
Minear believes the goal of one part of the regulation is obvious. "The reference to re-defining 'employer-employee relationship' is almost certainly aimed at preventing staffing companies and other third-party placement scenarios from qualifying for the H-1B category," said Minear. "However, depending on how broadly they draft the new language, it may have all sorts of unintended consequences. It's not just staffing companies that place workers at third-party sites."
She and others see major disruptions from this type of regulatory change. "Almost every doctor or physical therapist works at multiple sites and locations that may or may not be controlled by the sponsoring employer," she said. "That doesn't mean there isn't a legitimate employer-employee relationship. Will the regulation be written in such a way that those types of occupations are also shut out of H-1B eligibility?"
One impact, notes Minear, would be that information technology companies would increase their use of offshoring, while patients at rural and other hospitals that rely on international medical graduates will suffer from a lack of health care providers.
While the timing on the regulation is unclear, Minear has a prediction: "Whatever they do, we can be sure that it will be an overbroad effort that will do with a sledgehammer what should be done with a scalpel – and it will be aimed at gutting America's most commonly used business visa category."
Stuart AndersonSenior Contributor
I am the executive director of the National Foundation for American Policy, a non-partisan public policy research organization focusing on trade, immigration and related…Read More
I am the executive director of the National Foundation for American Policy, a non-partisan public policy research organization focusing on trade, immigration and related issues based in Arlington, Virginia. From August 2001 to January 2003, I served as Executive Associate Commissioner for Policy and Planning and Counselor to the Commissioner at the Immigration and Naturalization Service. Before that I spent four and a half years on Capitol Hill on the Senate Immigration Subcommittee, first for Senator Spencer Abraham and then as Staff Director of the subcommittee for Senator Sam Brownback. I have published articles in the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, and other publications. I am the author of a non-fiction book called Immigration.Read Less
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text:
Q: Python OOP datatype Why does it say 'Die eingegebenen Daten haben den falschen Datentyp!' when the datatypes are actually right? Doesn't even work with just matrNr... Although I checked my input of matrNr to be an int?!
class Student:
    def __init__(self):
        self.matrNr = -1
        self.vorname = ''
        self.nachname = ''
        self.gebDatum = []
        self.email = ''
        self.telNr = ''

    def DatenUebergeben(self, matrNr, vorname, nachname, gebDatum, telNr):
        if matrNr == int and vorname == str and nachname == str and gebDatum == list and telNr == str:
            print('richtige Datentypen!')
        else:
            print('Die eingegebenen Daten haben den falschen Datentyp!')

student1 = Student()
student1.DatenUebergeben(12345,'linda','f',[2,2,1995],'12345')

A: Background
By checking (for example) matrNr == int you actually compare the variable matNr, which is an int (an  instance of <class 'int'>) to the class int (<class 'int'>).
Quick fix
You can use the type()-function to get the type of a variable, resulting in type(matrNr) == int. This does exactly what you are trying to achieve.
Better solution
In Python you can define the types of variables a function accepts by adding : <type> after the argument. The better solution would thus be:
def DatenUebergeben(self, matrNr: int, vorname: str, nachname: str, gebDatum: list, telNr: str):
    # do something

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text:
The release of "NBA 2K21" is here!
The NBA 2K21 launch time is fast approaching, with the PS4, Xbox One and Nintendo Switch version being released at midnight.
Purchase: Click the link to purchase
AMAZON: NBA 2K21
GAMESTOP: NBA 2K21 Mamba Forever Edition – PS4:
GAMESTOP: NBA 2K21 Mamba Forever Edition – XBOX:
Through the years, the 2K franchise has emerged as the fan favorite of NBA simulated style games. 2K has the MyCareer Mode which is superior to all other NBA basketball video games. MyCareer also has included in this year's game the "High School Experiment" and returned the expanded college feature of the game. It also, boast the neighborhoods, now known as the "2K Beach" where you can play against other ballers from around the globe. NBA 2k21 also boast other strong features such as MyTeam and MyLeague. As my 11-year-old son put it, "NBA 2K is an awesome game!"
The developers promise that in 2K21, fans will notice significant improvements in graphics, gameplay, numerous new features, and a bunch of other improvements. The developers went all out for the current gen, the next gen will look even more spectacular. In playing the demo, the developer has significantly expanded the arsenal of dribbling techniques, making the control scheme more intuitive. This years game sounds like it will be the game to play into the holidays!
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Rydertech: Computer 101: What is a Video Card?
A video card or video graphics adapter is a computer hardware device that processes all the things that can be seen via the monitor or LCD device. It processes all those binary information and output them through the monitor of LCD which the user can see. Back in the early days of the computer the video cards cannot completely process all those information that need to be seen by the user. The main processing is still done via the CPU or the Central Processing Unit of the computer. All the video could do is to output the data via the monitor and with the help of the bigger memory built in them it can make the output a lot nicer compare to a standard size memory amount of a built in video card.
In those early days most stand alone video card can have a memory capacity of 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 megabytes of memory while the high end video card can have as much as 128 or 256 megabytes of memory. Also early types of video cards do not have a GPU or Graphics Processor Unit. This early GPU comes only with the high end type and since they have GPU, it has its own cooling fan attach on top of it.
The same is still true for today's latest video card, most of them have those GPU for faster processing and they can also have a large amount of memory installed. This is the standard video of today they can have up to 1 gigabytes of memory. For high end graphics application such CAD/CAM processing and video rendering, CGI rendering and all other professional application the video has evolve in such a manner those they can be compare to a regular desktop computer in terms of pricing and characteristics. Objects that need to be manipulated and edited via software that requires the video card to let the editor see and work on the finer detail of the images, they can response faster and better to the application that uses them. They let the graphics editor or designer to see all the aspect of the image that they are working on.
High end video card has more power and characteristics to offer compare to conventional video cards that has a standard GPU and amount of memory installed in them. Another application of a high end video card is in gaming. People who plays games that uses heavy graphics processing needs high end video cards or else they would not be able to appreciate the game they are playing. There will be a lot of contortions and graphics folding and drag which would lead to hardware crashes because the hardware cannot handle the needed amount of graphics they the software is trying to feed it. LAN games which would require several computers link together would slow down because the video cards cannot cope up with the intense amount of bits being use by the software.
Okay which choosing the right video for your need make sure to read the box and information that pertains to that video card. Gone are the days that only large amount of memory and a GPU is the main requirement in buying a Video Card for your system. Remember every hardware in your computer must work together for you to have an enjoyable use of your computer. You may buy the very latest in this video card but if it will not cooperate with the rest of the hardware and software in your computer than that video card is called trash become it wasted money and time. So read and check all the information before your buy one for upgrade or replacement.
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A video cards and graphics card is an expansion card which generates output images to a display.
A video card is very beneficial for us. I like it. It is also easy in use. Thanks foe sharing.


J Pain Symptom Manage. 1999 Oct;18(4):289-99.
Nurses' knowledge about pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain management in children.
Salanterä S1, Lauri S, Salmi TT, Helenius H.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the knowledge base and practices of Finnish nurses in the area of children in pain. The convenience sample consisted of 265 nurses working on children's wards in university hospitals. Data were collected using an instrument designed for the study. The results showed that there remain gaps in the knowledge base of nurses with regard to both pharmacological and nonpharmacological pain management in children. The education and the area of expertise were significant influences on knowledge scores. Nurses used a fairly wide range of nonpharmacological pain alleviation methods but most of these were such that the nurse was in an active role and the child was passive. There is a clear need for further education. Nurses should take a more active role in seeking new information and also should be encouraged to use nonpharmacological methods that let the children be active participants in their own care.


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Malacañang calls Basilan car bomb attack a 'war crime'
By: Julius N. Leonen - Reporter / @JLeonenINQ
INQUIRER.net / 12:57 PM July 31, 2018
Malacañang has branded as "war crime" the deadly van explosion in Lamitan City, Basilan where at least 11 persons were killed.
In a press briefing on Tuesday, Presidential Spokesperson Harry Roque said the attack was "a war crime because it constitutes an indiscriminate attack" in violation of the International Humanitarian Law (IHL).
"It's an indiscriminate attack. It's a fact that Basilan, of course, is an area with an armed conflict," Roque said.
"Under IHL, you must limit your attacks pursuant to military objectives. You must limit it to military targets. You must avoid protected individuals, including civilians," he also said.
As of this posting, Roque said authorities were still investigating to determine the perpetrators of the explosion.
READ: Palace condemns suspected terror attack in Basilan
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India's 'dosa king' dies one week into life term
"We do not know who's behind it yet. We're still investigating," the spokesman said when asked if the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) was behind the attack.
Roque reiterated President Rodrigo Duterte's call for ASG members to surrender since "they can still be accommodated as [surrenderers], in the same way that we are accepting [surrenderers] from the NPA (New People's Army)."
Lamitan City Vice Mayor Roderick Furigay said that as of 10:20 a.m., 11 persons were killed from the van explosion 15 meters away from a checkpoint.
READ: 11 killed as van explodes in Basilan
The van exploded around 5:30 a.m. in Barangay Bulanting. All fatalities were blown into pieces as well as farm animals nearby, Furigay said. /kga
Nograles questions 'much lower' 2019 proposed national budget
TAGS: abu sayyaf, ASG, Basilan, Bomb, car, Crime, Harry Roque, International Humanitarian Law, Malacañang, Mindanao, Terrorism, war crime


Highlander Inn providing you the best of the best.
Thamel is home every year to travelers near and far. A bunch of interconnected narrow alleys form a radius that houses more tourists than any part of Kathmandu.
Highlander Inn is home to travelers near and far. Positioned within a protected radius of the bustling alleys of Thamel, on Kathmandu's biggest tourist joint, it is where luxury meets the eye and rubs shoulders with authenticity.
And it's memorable. This is where life-long friendships will blossom, and where lasting impressions will be made.
Stylish, contemporary architecture complements the organic personality of the resort, which has been shaped to blend effortlessly into the indigenous landscape. This is function and form at its best. This is sustainability.
The facility has transformed into showcasing a more modern feel in contrast to the preceding. The inn's sprawling structure plants itself firmly on a building that has stood the test of a century- a single storied Cinema, one of the very few to grace in the confines of capital Kathmandu.
The first floor of the Inn is over hundred years old. Ranas of Kathmandu once owned the single storied building.
A little bit of history to marvel on.


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Superstars review: New ace beats F1 stars
Superstars attracted an international and experienced field in 2012, but it was 23-year-old Swede Johan Kristoffersson who took the crown. By Andrew van Leeuwen
By Andrew van Leeuwen
Published on Thursday December 6th 2012
History was made in 2012 when Johan Kristoffersson became the first driver from outside Italy to win a Superstars Series title.
While that may sound insignificant, it was actually anything but. In a season where the series made a concerted effort to weaken its ties with Italy and emerge as a real player in the wider motor racing world, having a Swedish driver win the title in a German car was a big deal.
What made Kristoffersson's triumph in the KMS Audi RS5 even sweeter for the series' image was that he wasn't a household name before coming to race Superstars. While the series still profits greatly from having names such as ex-Formula 1 drivers Tonio Liuzzi and Gianni Morbidelli in the field, it was impressive to see a young driver - a foreigner, nonetheless - use beating those guys as a way to get noticed.
Maybe other young drivers with big touring car aspirations will take notice as well. If the 2012 season is any example, they probably should.
How was it won?
Liuzzi pushed Kristoffersson until the end
The first key weekend for Kristoffersson was Donington Park. With a Scandinavian Touring Car Championship round falling on the same date, he had originally planned to see which series he was doing better in and make that the priority.
Problem was, he was right at the front in both. So, he raced at Knutstorp on Saturday (second and third across the two races), then flew straight to East Midlands Airport for Sunday's two Superstars clashes.
Starting from the back of the grid, he took two second places, a haul of points that would prove crucial when it came to overrunning Liuzzi and his mighty CAAL Racing Mercedes later in the year.
But the defining point was the season finale at Pergusa. Having been more than five seconds off the pace throughout qualifying, a result of not being able to use the kerbs thanks to having consistently collected performance ballast all season, Kristoffersson was rumoured to have seriously considered not bothering to race. Luckily, he decided to roll the dice - and what a great decision that was.
Something to remember
When push came to shove at that finale - quite literally - the crowd gathered at the Pergusa circuit in Sicily was treated to a title decider that was as bizarre as it was entertaining.
With the overweight Audis so far off the pace, and the powerful Mercedes right on the money, Kristoffersson's four-point lead didn't look like enough as the final race got underway. And when Roma Racing Mercedes driver Nico Caldarola took out Kristoffersson on the first lap, it only seemed to fast-track the inevitable.
But in the closing laps, things got very, very interesting. When another Mercedes driver, Andrea Larini, closed in on a cautious Liuzzi late in the race, memories of the pair clashing earlier in the year at Spa came flooding back.
Biagi had to settle for third place
It was clear even from the press room that some retribution may be on the cards.
A few corners later and Liuzzi was out of the race, and Kristoffersson was the champion.
Larini swears that he didn't hit Liuzzi on purpose, and the truth will probably never come out.
But regardless of what really happened out there, it made for one memorable final race.
Something to forget
The round at Spa was somewhat compromised by the weather. On a weekend when the powerful Mercedes and Jaguars should have been able to take it to the Audis, unrelenting rain gave the all-wheel-drive RS5s all the grip they needed for Morbidelli to dominate the weekend.
Rain at Spa may not be a shocking occurrence, but in this case it did take the edge off what could have been a very interesting weekend of racing.
The series has already announced it will scale back to just three Italian rounds next season (Monza is confirmed; Imola and Vallelunga seem logical), while the calendar will still feature nine events. In other words, the international expansion is set to continue. Where exactly? That's yet to be decided, but a trip further east than Hungary seems likely.
As for drivers, if the €100,000 Rookie of the Year prize carries over into the new year, it's going to be the young guns that come looking for decent drives who will be worth watching.
More from Andrew van Leeuwen
The top 10 Supercars drivers of 2020 In a year of few constants, the Australian Supercars championship could be relied upon for its usual blend of rough and tumble racing with a V8 soundtrack. But who were its top performers in 2020? 1609027200 SUP
The 'lifetime deal' that broke down in double quick time Last year, David Reynolds signed a decade-long deal with Erebus, seemingly pledging his long-term Supercars future to the team. One year on, "Decade Dave's" contract has been reduced to tatters, with an undercurrent of discontent having brewed in 2020 1608249600 SUP
How Supercars now needs a new "human salt harvester" Scott McLaughlin has been a divisive figure in Supercars over the past few years but, as he heads off to a fresh challenge in IndyCar, the Australian tin-top series needs to find someone else to fill his dramatic boots as the category enters a new era 1604016000 SUP
Why McLaughlin is wrong to label 2020 his best title OPINION: Scott McLaughlin was quick to describe his third Supercars title as his best yet. But even though it didn't match the dramatic backstory of his 2018 triumph, there's a good reason for him wanting to control the narrative this time around 1601596800 SUP
Read more features by Andrew van Leeuwen. Subscribe to Autosport Plus


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Counter Intelligence: Porn, Aliens & the Rat-Killing King
Published February 5, 2009 • Updated on February 5, 2009 at 11:30 am
Check out our daily list of must-read articles that will have you chatting at the lunch counter, over instant message or wherever people actually talk these days.
A man from Bangladesh won a rat-killing contest after wiping out 39,650 rats in a one-year period using traps, poison and flooding to kill the vermin. The 40-year-old farmer collected the rats' tails as proof of their slaughter and won a 14-inch Song color TV for his efforts. The competition was part of an effort across the country to stop rats from gnawing on food supplies.
As many as 37,964 planets in the Milky Way could be home to intelligent life that is as advanced as humans, researchers claim. The estimate was extrapolated from data on 330 planets and took into account temperature and availability of water and minerals.
Ron Jeremy tells Time magazine how a nice boy from Queens could end up in nearly 2,000 pornos. Jeremy, who has a new (illustrated) book, tells the mag that his favorite part of filming porn is the dialogue (there's dialogue?) and that his libido is slipping a bit in his older age.
Remember all the talk of lock-boxes and social security privatization of years past? Turns out Al Gore was right. Retirement plans would have taken a major hit if social security were privatized. Perhaps the economic crisis is the nail in the coffin of the whole concept. Eliot Spitzer (yes, that Spitzer) explains.
Barack Obama knocked Tom Hanks from the No. 1 spot on the list of most influential celebrities. The annual independent survey is used by brand marketers and advertising agencies to figure out a celebrity's influence on brand an purchasing decisions. Hanks held the top spot for two years in a row.


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Twin Brothers From Miami Sentenced To 52 Months In Prison For Fraudulently Obtaining Millions Worth of Apple Products Through Identity Theft Scheme
U.S. Attorney's Office, Northern District of Ohio
CLEVELAND - Twin brothers from Miami, Florida, who participated in a nationwide scheme in which they fraudulently gained access to approximately 2,366 AT&T mobile accounts, were sentenced today by U.S. District Judge Pamela A. Barker to 52 months in prison and ordered to pay $360,937 in restitution after they both pleaded guilty to their roles in the scheme.
According to court documents, from March 2019 to January 2020, Luis Hernandez Socarras and Jorge Hernandez Socarras, both age 27, were part of a nationwide scheme in which they fraudulently gained access to approximately 2,366 AT&T mobile accounts and proceeded to charge millions of dollars' worth of electronic devices through the victim's accounts for products such as iPhones, iPads and Apple Watches.
After gaining access to victim accounts, court documents state that the brothers later re-sold the electronic devices in their hometown of Miami, Florida. As part of the scheme and in an effort to evade police detection, court records show that the brothers rented trucks and made trips across the country, stopping at various electronics retailers in 26 states to pick up the devices they fraudulently ordered.
Court documents state that in January 2020, law enforcement authorities identified the two brothers as they were making fraudulent purchases of iPhones and iPads charged to numerous AT&T accounts at various electronics retailers in the Northern District of Ohio. Authorities later obtained a warrant and searched a vehicle belonging to Luis Socarras that was left behind in the parking lot of a retailer. Inside the vehicle, authorities located 29 Apple iPhones, 11 Pro Max cell phones, six Apple iPad Pro tablets, three Apple Watches, a firearm, other electronic devices and a passport.
The brothers were subsequently arrested in March 2021.
In total, court records show that the overall scheme caused a total loss of $2,155,483.78 to all victims.
Louis and Jorge Socarras both pleaded guilty to two counts of access device fraud, interstate transfer of stolen property and aggravated identity theft in April 2022.
This case was investigated by the Cleveland FBI and was prosecuted by Assistant U.S. Attorney Payum Doroodian.
Daniel Ball
Daniel.Ball@usdoj.gov
USAO - Ohio, Northern
Nigerian National Found Guilty of Bank Fraud Scheme
A federal jury today convicted Blessing Adeleke, 31, of Nigeria, of one count of conspiracy to commit bank fraud and 16 counts of bank fraud for his role in a...
President of Radiology Services Company Sentenced to 15 Years in Prison for $2 Million Healthcare Fraud Scheme and Identity Theft
Miami Man Arrested and Charged with Bank Fraud and Identity Theft
First Assistant U.S. Attorney Michelle M. Baeppler announced that Sedric J. Lewis, age 35, of Miami, Florida, was charged in a four-count indictment with two counts of bank fraud and...
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The replacement of poly-silicon by metallic compounds in the gate stack leads to the search of metals with suitable work function. However, it is observed that thermal budget has a large influence on the effective work functions of several metals. In this paper, we investigated the possible modification of the chemical states by physical analysis techniques (XPS, XRR, MEIS, TOF-SIMS) by studying the chemistry of the high-k oxide/metal interface. We show that in the case of the TiN/TaN/HfO2/SiO2/Si stack, several modifications occur upon 1000oC N2 annealing: Increase of the nitrogen content of the TaN, interdiffusion of the Ti and TaN, and formation of Ta2O5 at the TaN/HfO2 interface.


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Jacqueline Carter
What are key leadership qualities for a digital age? How can you become a Mindful Leader? What tools and practices can be employed to better lead yourselves, your teams, and your organizations. Join host Michael Keegan next week on The Business of Government Hour as he explores these questions and more with Jacqueline Carter, co-author of The Mind of the Leader: How to Lead Yourself, Your People, and Your Organization for Extraordinary Results.
Allison Brigati, Deputy Administrator, U.S. General Services Administration
Al Short, Chief Information Officer, Washington Metropolitan Area Transit
Design Thinking for the Military with Hal McNair, Ben Zweibelson, and Nate Schwagler
Erwin Rademaker, Program Manager with the Port of Rotterdam Authority
Margaret Weichert, Deputy Director for Management, Office of Management and Budget
More than Meets AI: Building Trust, Managing Risk
Special Edition of The Business of Government Hour: Leaders Speak on Managing Risk in Government.
Nancy Potok, Chief Statistician of the U.S., Office of Management and Budget
Ambassador Reuben Brigety, Dean, Elliott School of International Affairs, The George Washington University
Using Artificial Intelligence to Transform Government: A Conversation with Dan Chenok and Mallory Barg Bulman


text:
Scharnweberstraße è una stazione della linea U6 della metropolitana di Berlino. Fu costruita nel 1958 da B. Grimmek, durante i lavori di ampliamento della linea 6. Il suolo per la massicciata su cui la stazione è stata costruita fu ricavato dagli scavi effettuati per la linea U9, che venne costruita in parallelo.

È posta sotto tutela monumentale (Denkmalschutz).

Servizi
La stazione dispone di:
 Fermata autobus di passaggio

Note

Bibliografia

Testi di approfondimento

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Berlino-Tegel
Stazioni della linea U6 della metropolitana di Berlino


Bible R... Proverbs 12:10 A righteous man regardeth the life of his beast?: but the tender mercies of the wicked are cruel?.
Barbara... Pastor alemão é tudo de Bom!!
Freeali... It's not funny when Shepard's rip apart the house. It means the owner is not exercising it enough or training it enough. They're not lay around the house dogs.
xin li... It is soooooo funny and cute!
Sanskri... So cutee dogs ???


All available visiting faculty fellowships have been awarded for the 2018-2019 academic year.
The purpose of QTM's fellowship is flexible; our only requirement is that each faculty fellow support quantitative, empirical, or theoretical work in some fashion. Potential fellow activities include, but are not limited to, engaging in quantitatively oriented research, delivering lectures to faculty and students, or participating in QTM workshops and speaking events. The Institute seeks faculty fellows who will promote quantitative literacy at Emory, as well as enrich the synthesis of quantitative theory and social sciences our department has fostered.
Each fellow is provided with free furnished housing, complimentary travel to Emory, and a monthly stipend of $3,500 for living expenses. Please note, due to space constraints, office space at QTM is not guaranteed.
The duration of the fellowship is flexible. Fellows are invited to be in residence for up to one semester during the fall, spring, or summer. Non-continuous visits are also welcome. Shorter visits, such as two weeks, are also permissible.
Tenure-track faculty, tenured faculty, and post-doctoral associates from an institution outside of Emory are eligible to apply. This fellowship is open to other individuals who hold a PhD but may not maintain a faculty position at a university. Candidates may apply directly, though each candidate must be nominated by an Emory department or program prior to submitting an application. QTM offers up to two visiting faculty fellowships per semester.
QTM will start accepting applications for the 2019-2020 academic year in November 2018 and will continue to review applications until all fellowships are filled.
Questions and concerns may be directed to IQTM@emory.edu.


Book Spotlight: The Family Next Door by Sally Hepworth -- with link to Giveaway!!!
Earlier this week, Sally Hepworth's book, The Family Next Door, was released in paperback. I read the book when it first came out in hardcover and loved it!!! And I am thrilled to be able to offer one reader a copy of this book (and bonus - it contains a sneak peak of Sally's upcoming new novel, The Mother-In-Law, due out in April!!!)...But - the giveaway is over on my Instagram page.
You can find my review of The Family Next Door here.
Thanks to the publisher, one reader will win a copy of The Family Next Door by Sally Hepworth. To enter the giveaway, please head over to my Instagram page to this post. The giveaway ends Sunday, February 17th and is not affiliated with or sponsored by Instagram.
I read this book last year and loved it. I don't often give 5 stars, but this one was a favorite.
This sounds like a great book! Thanks for hosting this giveaway.
Sounds very good. I've got the Mother in law but not this one!