text:
Mozart concertos
Online Music Streaming Platforms
The News releases
After more than twenty years of recording for the major labels, I decided to create my own. The venture was launched in January 2001, at the dawn of the 21st century; hence my choice of PIANO 21 as an appropriate title. This is the vehicle for my own recordings, some of them of live performances. They comprise both new recordings and tracks from private and radiophonic archives from various countries as well as re-issues. PIANO 21 gives expression to my twofold passion to share not only music from the major repertoire – naturally – but also the discovery of rare and less well known works.
Cyprien Katsaris / Camille Saint-Saëns
Le Carnaval des animaux ˇ The Carnival of the Animals (transcription Garban/Katsaris)
Hymne ŕ Victor Hugo (transcription Saint-Saëns)
Samson et Dalila – Bacchanale (transcription Saint-Saëns)
Symphony No. 3 in C minor, "Organ Symphony" (transcription Goetschius/Katsaris)
Piano Concerto No. 2 in G minor, Op. 22 (transcription Bizet)
Africa – Fantaisie pour piano et orchestre (transcription Saint-Saëns)
Allegro appassionato (transcription Saint-Saëns)
Valse canariote
Valse nonchalante
Danse macabre (transcription Liszt/Katsaris)
L'assassinat du duc de Guise (transcription Roques)
In this box is included an exclusive DVD presenting
the original 1908 version of the film L'Assassinat du duc de Guise,
with the Saint-Saëns's music recorded by Cyprien Katsaris.
P21 064-N
https://music.apple.com/fr/album/saint-sa%C3%ABns-original-works-and-transcriptions-for/1600912633
Bach / Piano Works
Fantasia and Fugue in c minor, BWV 906
Toccata in d major, BWV 912
Prelude in a minor, BWV 922, "Fantasia"
Aria variata alla maniera italiana in a minor, BWV 989
Suite in e major, BWV 1006a (Arr. of Violin Partita No. 3)
Fugues on Themes of Albinoni BWV 946, 950 & 951
Keyboard Concerto in d minor, BWV 974 (after A. Marcello)
Keyboard Concerto in c minor, BWV 981 (after B. Marcello)
Keyboard Concerto in b minor, BWV 979 (after Torelli)
Keyboard Concerto in b-flat major, BWV 982 (after Prinz von Sachsen-Weimar)
Keyboard Concerto in g minor, BWV 983
Keyboard Sonata in c major, BWV 966 (after Reincken)
Organ Concerto in a minor, BWV 593 (after Vivaldi, arr. Feinberg)
CD1 https://music.apple.com/fr/album/bach-a-new-recital-piano-works-bwv-906-912-922-946/1601008563 CD2 https://music.apple.com/fr/album/bach-the-arranger-concertos-for-solo-keyboard-bwv-593/1600888554
Harp Meets Piano
Sergei RACHMANINOFF (1873-1943)
Suite for Two Pianos No. 1 in G minor, Op. 5 "Fantaisie-tableaux"
Suite pour deux pianos n° 1 en sol mineur
II. La nuit... l'amour - III. Les larmes
played on harp and piano • version pour harpe et piano
Carl REINECKE (1824-1910)
Harp Concerto in E minor, Op. 182
Concerto pour harpe et orchestre en mi mineur orchestral part arranged for solo piano by David Cutler
Astor PIAZZOLLA (1921-1992) Histoire du Tango
for ute and guitar • pour ûte et guitare
II. Cafe, 1930 • III. Night Club, 1960
harp part from the arrangement for ute and harp by Kari Vehmanen
piano part from the arrangement for piano four-hands by Kyoko Yamamoto (i.e "primo" part)
Régis CHESNEAU (born 1986) Contemplations I, II • Tableaux I - V • Impreso
Isaac ALBENIZ (1860-1909) Pavana-Capricho, Op. 12
Beethoven / A Chronological Odyssey
Sonatas Nos. 1, 5, 10, 14, 17, 23, 24 & 32
"Kurfürstensonate" No. 1 • 9 Variations on a March by Dressler
32 Variations on an Original Theme • Alla Ingharese quasi un Capriccio
7 Bagatelles, Op. 33 • Fantasia, Op. 77 • 2 Preludes
VARIOUS TRANSCRIPTIONS
Musik zu einem Ritterballet • Sonatina and Adagio for Mandolin and Harpsichord
"Grande Sonate" after "String Trio, Op. 3" • Cello Sonata No. 2
Violin Sonatas No. 5 "Spring", Nos. 7 & 9 "Kreutzer" • String Quartets Nos. 4, 6 & 16
String Quintet in C Major (Sketch) • Wir irren allesamt, WoO 198
Septet, Op. 20 • Serenade, Op. 25 • Contredanse, WoO 14/12 • Yorckscher March
Violin Concerto, Op. 61 • Symphony No. 9
Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Czerny, Anton Diabelli, Modest Mussorgsky,
Richard Wagner, Louis Winkler, etc.
https://music.apple.com/fr/album/beethoven-a-chronological-odyssey/1508248706
Transcriptions by Karol A. Penson
World premičre recordings
When Cyprien Katsaris came across the magnificent transcriptions of Karol A. Penson, he was immediately taken by the refinement that he brought to these reworkings for the piano.
This recording features a number of the most celebrated composers such as Bach, Schubert and Brahms... but also unknown masters like the Pole Karłowicz, the Russian Schaporin and the Paraguayan Mangoré.
A genuine discovery thanks to a transcriber who is also a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Paris VI and winner of the Franco-German Alexander von Humboldt Prize.
Grande Fantaisie sur Zorba - une Rhapsodie Grecque
In the early 80s I started thinking about composing a piano work of about 12/14-minutes based on the soundtrack of the movie Zorba the Greek somewhat in the style of what Franz Liszt had done with his popular Hungarian Rhapsodies.
In the 90s I received from the hands of Theodorakis the music score of his ballet Zorba which had been commissioned by the Verona Festival in Italy and in which he also included additional music after having spent 8 months on the new manuscript at his Paris flat. I read carefully that new score and was so impressed by its musical quality that I intended to expand on my first idea.
Completed in January 2007, this piano composition finally lasts 53 minutes and I intend to dedicate it to the Greek People. However, the piece is exceptionally difficult to learn and to perform: every time I opened my manuscript to start working on it, I found myself in no time having to leave it once more.
In the spring of 2017 I managed at last to complete this project. In addition, I also recorded a Spontaneous Improvisation on some of the most popular songs of Theodorakis which lasts about 15 minutes and I added a few of his original piano pieces in order to present several aspects of his musical genius.
Cyprien Katsaris
Russian Ballet Transcriptions for four hands and two pianos
Cyprien Katsaris invites the great Japanese pianist Etsuko Hirose to shed new light on excerpts from the most famous Russian ballets arranged here for four hands and two pianos. The masterpieces recorded here resonate with everyone (or almost everyone): The Nutcracker, Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty by Tchaikovsky, Gayaneh by Khachaturian, Borodin's Polovtsian Dances from Prince Igor and, as a world premier, Stravinsky's Firebird, played here with brio and passion by the two pianists.
These pearls of the Russian musical canon came inevitably to be arranged in various forms for the piano, allowing pianists, amateur and professional alike, to enjoy them to the full.
Die Wahlverwandtschaften - Elective Affinities
The title of "Elective Affinities" (Kindred by Choice), Goethe's celebrated novel, harks back to the science of chemistry in the early days of the19th Century. It refers to the phenomenon that can result when two chemical compounds come into contact. If the affinity is strong enough, elements may detach themselves from either compound, free to combine anew with each other.
The programme for this CD attempts something similar, taking pieces out of context and juxtaposing them in twos, threes or fours with other compositions from different eras and cultural backgrounds. At stake is the possibility of unveiling new, underlying affinities having to do with the inspirational sources, musical genres, style or sentiments expressed in these pieces. Thus we find Schumann rubbing shoulders with Poulenc, Ravel and Jianzhong Wang revisiting the Far East, Liszt and Johann Strauss the Younger delving into the particular in quest of the universal. As the cherry on the cake, Katsaris pays homage to Chopin and Rachmaninov in two of his own compositions… which in turn offer resonances of two other composer-pianists, Tchaikovsky and Godowsky!
Si la poésie m'était chantée...
Œuvres pour voix d'alto, alto & piano
Poems by Goethe, Baudelaire, Aragon, Verlaine, Rückert and Lope de Vega: music like subtle meditations interwoven with these poems by Brahms, Loeffler, Petitgirard and Wolf; the unlikely, original blending of a lower-register female voice, that of Cécile Eloir, the adroitly muted viola playing of Pierre Lenert and the mostly middle-register piano of Cyprien Katsaris: this unprecedented project, a subtly-coloured journey through different worlds, takes us on an inspiring poetic and musical exploration.
Russian Piano Music for Four Hands
Cyprien Katsaris - Alexander Ghindin
With the collaboration of the Muscovite pianist Alexander Ghindin, Cyprien Katsaris explores lesser-known pieces of Russian music for four-hand piano. Occasional pieces, transcriptions, settings of popular songs or original compositions, these works by Glinka and Tchaikovsky will delight all those who take pleasure in erring from the beaten path. From the famous Fantasy on Two Russian Folk Songs transcribed by Balakirev, reputedly leader of the "Group of Five" to the traditional melodies of slavic folklore in all its abundance, this highly original programme is delivered in close understanding between two inspired virtuoso pianists.
Works for Clarinet & Piano
Cyprien Katsaris presents Katrin Hagen
In this recording, Cyprien Katsaris presents the young German-Luxembourgish clarinettist Katrin Hagen.
In 1891, Johannes Brahms was so moved, hearing the clarinettist Richard Mühlfeld in Meiningen playing the Mozart and Weber concertos, that he decided to compose a trio and a quintet with strings for this instrument, followed in 1894 by his two Sonatas for Clarinet (or Viola) and Piano, op. 120; they were to be his last instrumental works. Brahms had truly been beguiled by the clarinet, and it may come as no surprise to learn that he composed these four pieces for "Fräulein Klarinette". This CD features the lyrical yet intimate Sonata in F minor, op. 120 no. 1.
Just like Brahms in the evening of his life, Camille Saint-Saëns wrote his Sonata for Clarinet, op. 167 just a few months prior to his death. His writing for the piano had become spare for some years past with the consequence that it is not any longer virtuoso. This Sonata, dedicated to Auguste Périer, professor at the Conservatoire and soloist in the Opéra Comique Orchestra, makes wondrous use of every last resource of the clarinet.
A virtuoso musician who helped popularise the works of Mozart and Beethoven, the Finnish clarinettist Bernhard Henrik Crusell composed a host of chamber works, chiefly for the clarinet. His seven concertante works include three clarinet concertos. Concerto no. 3 in B flat major, op. 11 (1807?) starts with two movements similar in style to Weber and Mozart, while the third movement Alla Polacca is a distinct nod towards the finale Rondo alla Polacca of Beethoven's Triple Concerto.
111 Piano Hits
111 is the number of popular pieces that Cyprien Katsaris has assembled in the service of his one thousand and one fingers to lead us on a tour of the world illumined by his manual pyrotechnics. Over six hours of music embracing every age and every genre: the originality of this feast is that it is not confined to classical orthodoxy but rather opens windows on to territory that the ayatollahs of strict classicism would prefer to anathematise. Thus, to a Bach Prelude will respond a dance from West Side Story or an aria from Carmen! Why? Because music belongs to everyone, because music is made for everyone, because music should be able to bring pleasure to everyone.
These five CDs invite us to discover the various facets of the talents of Cyprien Katsaris: he is, of course, a virtuoso exponent of dexterity (just listen to The Flight of the Bumble Bee by Rimsky-Korsakov, supercharged by Cziffra. The Fire Dance by Manuel de Falla or the Finale of Rachmaninov's Third Concerto); he is also a virtuoso exponent of repertoire (ranging from Bach, the "Master", with whom he begins, of course, to Chopin, Liszt, Mozart, but also Bernstein, Gottschalk and Mancini and his Pink Panther, or indeed from a waltz by Strauss to a tango by Piazzola or a Hungarian Dance by Brahms!) Moreover, he is a virtuoso exponent of style (from the tenderness of a Schumann Träumerei to the fireworks of the Khachaturian Sabre Dance; from the limpidity of Debussy's Clair de Lune to the flamboyance of a Rachmaninov Prelude; from the sound of the guitar that he conjures up for Tárrega's Recuerdos de la Alhambra to the pure singing of the violin in the Méditation from Thaďs by Massenet or the choral mightiness of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana.)
With this breathtaking musical garden of delights, one could be forgiven for thinking that Cyprien Katsaris' intent was to produce a beguiling digest of all these pianistic peaks he has scaled, all the flashes that have marked his success, all the byways he has explored and vaulted in expressing his poetic personality.
Beethoven - Concerto no. 5 "Emperor"
original & solo piano versions
This CD sees Cyprien Katsaris and Sir Neville Marriner conducting the Academy of St Martin in the Fields united in a performance of Beethoven's Concerto no. 5, op. 73. The title "Emperor" is suggestive of a powerful counter-offensive impulsion on the part of Beethoven – the composer was living in Vienna – in reaction to the depredations of the Napoleonic hordes. He actually started composing it in 1809, just at the time that Austria was preparing to wage war on Napoleon, which does much to explain the military tone of the Concerto. Beethoven even went so far as to brandish his fist at a French officer in the Army of Occupation. The incident occurred in a Vienna café: Beethoven expostulated, "If I were a general and knew as much about military strategy as I do about counterpoint, you should have your money's worth!"
Why then construct an arrangement for solo piano? Familiar from a very young age with a vinyl recording in his parents' collection of the "Emperor" Concerto by Vladimir Horowitz with the RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra conducted by Fritz Reiner, Cyprien Katsaris had always felt a degree of frustration regarding the orchestral passages he was appalled not to find them in the piano score, hence his determination, at 55 years of age, to produce this transcription.
Bach Recital
This first volume of a series devoted to J. S. Bach affords an opportunity to compare the two versions of Prelude no. 1 in C major (First Book of the Well-tempered Clavier), along with such major works as Partita no. 1, BWV 825 and the French Suite no. 2, BWV 813, and rarer but no less inspiring pieces like the Prelude (Fantasy) in C minor, BWV 921, and the Fugue in A minor, BWV 959. At once both rigorous and hedonistic while avoiding extravagance or austerity, Katsaris succeeds in fusing a rich, full touch with a limpid contrapuntal structure. This programme is both surprising and admirably designed, with a logical through line of continuity.
P21 007
Bach Transcriptions
This CD invites you to discover the transcribing works of Bach which inspired Mario Feninger (Siciliano, BWV 1031), Dame Myra Hess (Adagio from the Toccata for Organ, BWV 564) and Alexander Il'yich Ziloti (Prelude, BWV 855a). It also includes the transcriptions by Theodor Szántó (Prelude and Fugue, BWV 542), Camille Saint-Saëns (Largo from the Sonata no. 3, BWV 1005), Wilhelm Kempff ("Awake! the voice is calling to us!", BWV 645) and by Sergueď Rachmaninov and Ignaz Friedman each producing his own new-minted version of the Gavotte en Rondeau, BWV 1006. Cyprien Katsaris here offers us among other things Bach's four-part close harmony versions of the melodies by Johann Schop and Philipp Nicolai. He also provides us with arrangements of his own, namely those of the Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565 and of the Badinerie, BWV 1067.
Bach & Sons
5 Piano Concertos
A tireless seeker of unfairly neglected works, Katsaris here offers an original programme on disc. This brings together for the first time five of the most beautiful concertos of the Bach family: Johann Sebastian, the famous father, and his sons: Wilhelm Friedemann, Johann Christian, Johann Christoph Friedrich and Carl Philipp Emanuel. Cyprien is here accompanied by the Echternach Festival Chamber Orchestra under the baton of the Korean conductor Yoon K. Lee. The pianist's personal, disciplined approach carries the hallmark of a meticulous, inquisitive musical interpreter whose familiarity with this repertoire renders any philological squabbling irrelevant. He allows his inspiration free rein in these works, whence emerges their entire evolution, from Johann Sebastian's rigorous polyphony to Wilhelm Friedemann's pre-romantic development to Carl Philipp Emanuel's robust theatricality.
The Mozart Family
Leopold, Wolfgang Amadeus & Franz Xaver
This recording is dedicated to the three composers in the Mozart family: we discover Leopold Mozart through his Sonata in C major and the popular Toy Symphony arranged for piano by the American Matthew Cameron. Wolfgang Amadeus features on this CD with a selection of compositions he wrote as a 5 to 8-year-old boy. In addition, there is a piece written by Wolfgang to his sister Nannerl and another in which he erects a musical monument to his wife Constanze and his sister-in-law Sophie. From Franz Xaver Mozart, we have selected the 7 Variations on the Minuet of the opera "Don Giovanni", the Sonata for Piano in G major and the Polonaise mélancolique in E minor.
Mozart Transcriptions
Symphony no. 40 (Hummel), The Magic Flute (Bizet)...
On this disk, Cyprien Katsaris interprets transcriptions of certain scenes of the Magic Flute as treated by both Georges Bizet and Georges Mathias. Cyprien here plays not only the arrangement of the Overture of the opera The Abduction from the Seraglio by Mozart himself, but also his own transcription of Belmonte's first aria "Then must I see you here". We can also discover the piano arrangement of the famous Symphony no. 40 by Johann Nepomuk Hummel. This CD ends with "A Little Night Music", scored for solo piano by the New York pianist and composer Matthew Cameron.
The Creatures of Prometheus
PIANO 21's first CD offers a unique opportunity to hear the first-ever recording of Beethoven's ballet The Creatures of Prometheus, as arranged for the piano by the composer. This version, published by Beethoven before the orchestral score, was bizarrely ignored by pianists for some two hundred years... Cyprien Katsaris lays hold of the piece in a performance that brings out its climatic versatility, deploying a whole panoply of nuance, tone and sonority. The CD also features the only piano arrangement Beethoven ever made of one of his own symphonies: the first forty-six bars of the Seventh Symphony.
Latin-American Recital
Having explored the realm of Mexican piano music, Cyprien Katsaris has chosen a selection of pieces which reveal two major characteristics of the variety and the quality of this repertoire: romanticism and folkloric inspiration.
This CD is a deft, generally light-spirited collection of short Mexican pieces by Manuel Ponce, Juventino Rosas, Julio Ituarte, José Rolón, Rubén M. Campos, Alfredo Carrasco, and others. Those who think of Katsaris as a slightly hard pianist should turn to his poetic reading of Ponce's bittersweet First Intermezzo or his dexterous and succulent account of Rolón's Valse-Caprice on Rosas's Sobre las Olas. The centrepiece of the recital is a series of 20 National Airs skilfully arranged by Rubén M. Campos, which showcases Katsaris' extraordinary sensitivity in the dreamier numbers. Katsaris demonstrates an empathy with this repertoire that is utterly enchanting and captivating, as witness his exquisitely swung performance of Flacchebba's atmospheric Danza Criolla.
By turns brilliant and sensual, picturesque and spiritual, Katsaris joyfully shares this music and offers it, exquisitely delicately packaged, to the world. A mysterious waft of the exotic permeates the aura of pure wellbeing
Live at Carnegie Hall, New York City
In Memoriam Chopin
This double CD contains the triumphant recital – also available on DVD – given by Cyprien Katsaris on 17th October 1999 in Carnegie Hall in memory of Frédéric Chopin on the 150th anniversary of the composer's death. Both parts of the programme begin with a funeral march – including the celebrated one from Sonata no. 2 op. 35 – followed by some of Chopin's most popular works, including the Fantasy-impromptu op. 66, the Lullaby op. 57, the Polonaise "Militaire" op. 40 no. 1, the Nocturne op. 9 no. 2, the Mazurka op. 67 no. 4, the Fantasy op. 49, the Barcarolle op. 60 and the Sonata no. 3 op. 58... Katsaris presents us with anything but a routine reading of the Polish composer's work. His approach is highly personal: unexpected counter-tones in his turn of phrase, tempi that are often unusual, breaks and contrasts informing dynamics, articulation and pedal work.
Sergei Bortkiewicz
If you enjoy Tchaikovsky, Scriabin and Rachmaninov, you are very likely to be taken with the Russian composer Sergei Bortkiewicz in this selection of his most engaging pieces, with their ravishing melodies and sensitive and richly coloured sonorities. Bortkiewicz espoused a resolutely post-romantic aesthetic; several of his works bespeak the influence of Chopin and Liszt. Cyprien Katsaris, showing his customary virtuosity and enthusiasm, includes here some of the Preludes and Etudes of this little-known composer. Offering us a varied sequence of slow and fast pieces, Katsaris' delightful recital admits us to the enveloping nostalgia of Bortkiewicz's music.
A Tribute to Cyprus
Halévy/Wagner, Schubert...
Cyprien Katsaris shares with us his love for Cyprus – his island homeland – with its scents, poetry and magic. This original "Tribute to Cyprus" is a kind of panoply of music by European composers directly inspired by Cyprus. He has devised an admirably eclectic and diverse programme, both intelligently constructed and contrasted, but of undeniable logic and coherence. On this disc, there are seven pieces recorded for the first time anywhere, all associated with this country of history and legend. In particular, we have Wagner's arrangement of two excerpts from The Queen of Cyprus by Halévy; a transcription of Rosamunde Princess of Cyprus by Schubert, and various pieces by Rosenhain (Morceau de Concert on The Queen of Cyprus, op. 34), Jensen (Songs of Ionia, Erotikon, op. 44), Popy (Ode to Venus, Grande Valse) and Fuleihan (Cypriana)… and Cyprien Katsaris' own Cypriot Rhapsody. This piece, which unveils yet another facet of this pianist's protean talents, was composed in 1978 for a charity concert in aid of Cypriot refugees, victims of the war of 1974.
Piano Rarities
Vol. 1 - Transcriptions
This first volume in the series "Piano Rarities" is guaranteed to thrill questing music lovers. On this CD Cyprien Katsaris visits the vast realm of piano transcriptions and adaptations. Here, you will find well-known and well-loved works like the Lieder of Schumann, Schubert, Wagner and Richard Strauss, Mahler's Adagietto from the Fifth Symphony, the Waltz from Coppélia and Rachmaninov's Vocalise: in solo piano transcription, they lose nothing of the emotional and poetic impact of their originals. A tireless explorer, Cyprien Katsaris challenges our curiosity and unveils true masterpieces, including works by Latin-American and Spanish composers like Tárrega, Barrios Mangoré and Mompou. Who could resist the magnificent transcription of the Praeludium and Allegro in the style of Pugnani by Kreisler which opens the programme, or the sparkling Valse by Reinhold Gličre which brings it to its close? Here, through his choices and his interpretations, Cyprien Katsaris emerges once more as a thrilling man of music.
The appeal of this album owes much to the transcriptions of Professor Karol A. Penson, an eminent practising scientist whose contribution to the enrichment of the art and the repertoire of the piano is extraordinary.
Vol. 2 - French Composers
With this second "Piano Rarities" album, Cyprien Katsaris honours an outpost of the French School little heeded on disc or in concert. True, Debussy, Ravel, the group of Six and Messiaen and Boulez symbolise the renewal of musical aesthetics, especially in writing for the piano, but there are others like Déodat de Séverac, Albert Lavignac, Noël and Jean Gallon and Simone Plé who presented us with subtle, expressive works that express wondrously that peculiarly French amalgam of allure and sustained emotion. This album offers up the sarcastic humour of Jean Wiener, the utter finesse of Jean-Michel Damase's writing and the charm of pieces by Lean-Jacques Laubry and René Berthelot. Placing these with contemporary compositions by Stéphane Blet, Yves Claoué, Michel Sogny and the young composer Jacob Tardien, Cyprien Katsaris demonstrates the enormous diversity of the current musical language. However, it is with the five Etudes of Jean-Amedée Lefroid de Méreaux, here receiving their first recording anywhere, that this album will whet the appetites of melomanes and pianists alike. The improvisation on themes by French film music composers offered by Cyprien Katsaris at a concert in Japan provides a dazzling highlight to this passionate homage to French music.
With this third volume in the series "Piano Rarities", Cyprien Katsaris continues exploring the almost limitless world of transcriptions for solo piano. This album, largely devoted to Russian and Central European composers, offers us tastes of the many aspects of the art of transcription. Melodies by Dvořák, Tchaikovsky, Moniuszko and Karłowicz offer up their charms in these arrangements in which transcribers each pits his ingenuity against the others', imparting to them the qualities of true piano romances. The orchestral music of Khachaturian lends itself wonderfully to the piano: the extravagant virtuosity of the Sabre Dance keeps easy company with such moving pieces as the Lullaby or the Adagio from Spartacus; Suite no. 2 for two pianos by Rachmaninov, freed from the constraints of having two performers, comes across with the style of a single player, so gaining in coherence; the Adagio from Symphony no. 2, by the same composer, is striking in the immediacy of its emotion and the richness of its transcription for the piano.
Album d'un Voyageur
"Album d'un Voyageur" was the title chosen by Franz Liszt for a collection of nineteen pieces that he published in 1835/1836 following a trip to Switzerland. His career as a virtuoso pianist meant incessant travelling. Here, Cyprien Katsaris offers a kaleidoscope of works that he too plays on his many trips. Always aiming to please his cosmopolitan public, the pianist chooses, frequently for encores, works that typify the countries he visits. From time to time he will, just prior to a concert, learn a piece by a composer from the country in question or improvise upon traditional tunes from that country. This album offers an original, thrilling programme assembled in the course of Cyprien's many trips and constituting a veritable musical journey through Europe. This alternates between celebrated works – the Brahms and Dvořák Dances, all played with his personal touch, or the Blue Danube as paraphrased by Eduard Schütt, Albéniz's Tango and Sibelius' own transcription of Finlandia – and a number of magnificent shorter pieces in which Cyprien Katsaris introduces us to such composers as the Estonian Heino Eller, the Icelandic Jón Leifs, the Greek Grigoris Constantinidis and his own Cypriot compatriot Nicolas Economou.
Viennese Connections
Beethoven, Schubert, Hüttenbrenner, Diabelli & Liszt
This double CD features works both famous and lesser-known by five composers who had direct or indirect links in Vienna: Beethoven, Schubert, Hüttenbrenner, Diabelli and Liszt. Beethoven completed his Sonata Pathétique shortly after the birth of Schubert, who was 20 years old when he composed his 13 Variations on a surprising theme by Hüttenbrenner which in turn echoes the famous second movement of Beethoven's Symphony no. 7, here presented in Liszt's transcription. All five musicians composed various dances during this period in Vienna, including Waltz, S. 208a composed by Liszt in 1823 during his studies in Vienna and Beethoven's Second Contradance which features the first appearance of the famous theme of the finale of the Eroica Symphony. Here also are the first-ever versions recorded anywhere of three works: Reinecke's piano transcription of Schubert's Unfinished Symphony, the manuscript of which Schubert had given to Hüttenbrenner; then, from Hüttenbrenner himself – a composer lapsed into undeserved obscurity – two funeral tributes to his friends Beethoven and Schubert, the magnificent Variations op. 2 and the waltzes based on Schubert's Erlkönig. The omnipresent Liszt offers us his own astonishing transcriptions of the Erlkönig and the Young Nun. Then we have the Viennese composer and publisher Anton Diabelli, best known for his Sonatinas, who requested fifty composers to write variations on his own Waltz: those of Hüttenbrenner, Schubert, Liszt (who was 11 years old) and four of Beethoven's 33 Variations op. 120 feature in this recording.
Chopin, Piano Concerto no. 2
The 4 Versions
In the 19th century it was customary for concertos to be performed publicly in four different versions, designed for both salons and concert halls. This double CD features the first-ever offering world premičre recording of the four versions of Chopin's Concerto no. 2 in F minor, op. 21: 1. For piano and orchestra, with the Queensland Symphony Orchestra conducted by Edvard Tchivzhel. 2. For solo piano: Chopin's own arrangement. 3. For piano and string quintet, with the Heidelberg Symphony Orchestra Quintet, in the arrangement by pianist David Lively, versions by contemporaries of Chopin not having survived. 4. For two pianos, where the second instrument plays transcriptions of the orchestral parts: Chopin's own score for the tutti; that of his friend Jules Fontana for the accompaniment to the 2nd and 3rd movements and that of the publishers of the National Edition of the Works of Frédéric Chopin, Jan Ekier and Paweł Kamiński, for the accompaniment to the 1st movement.
Cyprien Katsaris plays Chopin
Frédéric Chopin is a composer to whom Cyprien Katsaris has returned time and again throughout his career, notably with his recordings of the complete Sonatas, Ballades, Preludes, Waltzes, Scherzos and Polonaises and with his memorable "Homage to Chopin" recital at the Carnegie Hall on 17 October 1999, the 150th anniversary of the composer's death. There have also been numerous concerts in which the Franco-Polish composer's works have featured. This new recording bears witness to Cyprien Katsaris' devotion to the prodigious pianist and composer. Distilled from various recitals, the programme comprises a set of universally loved pieces garnished with lesser-known compositions and some rare transcriptions.
Cyprien Katsaris plays Liszt
Gipsy & Romantic • Avant-Garde, Hommage ŕ Wagner, The Philosopher
Franz Liszt was arguably the most diverse of all composers in the range of his musical creativity. The double CD in this first volume offers us five aspects of Liszt, all equally fascinating:
A) The Gypsy, with its immensely popular Hungarian Rhapsody no. 2 (Liszt's cadenzas) and the no less beautiful Rhapsodies nos. 3, 5 and 7.
B) The Romantic, with its sublime Love Dream no. 3, its lyrical Elegies and Klavierstücke, along with the noble and impassioned Concerto no. 2, performed with the splendid Deutsches Symphonie-Orchester under the baton of Arild Remmereit.
C) Revelatory of Liszt's avant-garde genius are the Prelude and Funeral March, Unstern! - Sinistre and Grey Clouds, with their sometimes bizarre, atonal harmonies prefiguring Scriabin, Debussy and Schoenberg.
D) The composer's funeral homage to his friend and son-in-law Wagner is represented by the two Mournful Gondolas, R. W. Venezia and At the Grave of Richard Wagner.
E) Lastly we come to Liszt the philosopher and the greatest of his masterpieces, the Sonata in B minor, wherein we apprehend the creation of the universe and the destiny of man. The first two notes express the beginning of creation, by God or spiritual powers, according to one's beliefs. These first two Gs represent the first and second particles of matter, and the descending scale that follows gives continuity to this matter which acquires movement, simultaneously creating space and time. Then follow great leaps on both hands, an explosion, a Big Bang, akin to the origin of the universe which in turn engenders life itself. Following on comes the Sonata, symbolising the universe and its development, its complexity, but also the human race and its destiny, its emotions, conflicts, revolutions and moments of fulfilment. The work ends, in its final, sublime chords, in a reaching-out to immortality through the liberation of the spirit, the soul set free from the trammels of the physical universe. In this final moment of transcendence, it feels as though Liszt is offering magisterial guidance in courage and hope.
Brahms & Schumann
Hélčne Mercier - Cyprien Katsaris
This recording brings together two major works from the history of romantic chamber music. It embraces Robert Schumann, the composer, Clara, his transcriber and indefatigable performer of his work, and Johannes Brahms, their intimate friend, revisiting in these piano arrangements their masterpieces: Schumann's Quintet op. 44 and Brahms' Quintet op. 34. Whereas we may already be familiar with the Sonata in F minor, the two-piano version of Brahms' Quintet for piano and strings, the four-handed version of Robert Schumann's Quintet may prove to be a discovery. Arranged by Clara Schumann just after the composer's death, this work bears witness to the importance in the 19th century of the practice of four-hand piano works as a driver of musical progress.
The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
Cyprien Katsaris recorded the music for the Danish film Allegro. Directed by Christoffer Boe, winner of Golden Camera Award (Caméra d'Or) for Reconstruction (2003), it features Ulrich Thomsen, Henning Moritzen and international top model Helena Christensen in the lead. The soundtrack consists exclusively of music by Johann Sebastian Bach: pieces for solo piano but also movements from concertos, which Cyprien Katsaris recorded with the South West German Chamber Orchestra Pforzheim conducted by Sebastian Tewinkel.
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Alex Jan "Lex" van der Eb (born 16 January 1934) is a Dutch molecular biologist and virologist. He was a professor of fundamental tumor virology and later molecular carcinogenesis at Leiden University from 1979 to 2000. He has performed research in adenoviruses and was fundamental in the creation of the technique of calcium phosphate transfection and the founding of the HEK 293 and PER.C6 cell lines.

Life
Van der Eb was born on 16 January 1934 in Bandung, Dutch East Indies. He studied biology at Leiden University and afterwards attended Delft University of Technology for a further year to specialize in microbiology. Van der Eb had to fulfill his military service upon graduation and asked the head of military health services to be employed in one of the military laboratories. In 1962 he was sent to work as a biologist on poxviruses in the virology department of Leiden University. At Leiden he met professor J.A. Cohen of the Medical-Biological Laboratory of the Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO). After his military service ended in 1963 van der Eb became a grad-student under Cohen. He studied adenoviruses and characterized the virus DNA in 1966. He obtained his PhD at Leiden University in 1968 with a thesis titled: "Fysisch-chemische en biologische eigenschappen van het DNA van dierlijke tumorvirussen". Van der Eb subsequently moved to the United States to become a post-grad at the California Institute of Technology, where he broadened his knowledge of DNA.

Upon request of Cohen van der Eb returned to the Netherlands in 1970 to start a research group in molecular biology of oncoviruses. During this period Canadian post-doc Frank L. Graham joined his research group. Together they worked on a technique to insert foreign DNA in cultured human cells. The technique of calcium phosphate transfection became available in 1973. Fellow molecular biologist Piet Borst called this discovery of how to insert foreign DNA in human cells the cornerstone of genetics and cell biology. In 1972 van der Eb obtained and managed to culture embryonic kidney cells from an aborted or miscarried human foetus. With Graham's contributions in transfection of the cells with the adenovirus 5 this led to the cell line of HEK 293 cells. HEK 293 became one of the most used cell lines worldwide, coming close to the use of the HeLa cell line. In 1974 van der Eb and Graham demonstrated that loose virus DNA could cause cancer.

In 1974 van der Eb became a lector of fundamental tumor virology. In 1979 he was named professor of fundamental tumor virology. From 1987 to 1992 he performed research on the chicken anemia virus together with Mathieu Noteborn. In 1988 his teaching assignment was changed to molecular carcinogenesis. In 1995, together with Dinko Valerio, he created the PER.C6 cell line with enhanced traceability compared to the HEK 293 line, this time coming from retinal cells. The goal of Valerio was to use it for gene therapy but this was ultimately unsuccessful. In contrast to HEK 293 the PER.C6 cell line was patented by Leiden University and IntroGene (later Crucell) and used commercially. AdVac later became an enhanced version of PER.C6 and both were deemed to be very useful to construct vaccines with, becoming the basis of vaccines for ebola, Zika fever and HIV. Van der Eb retired in 2000. He later worked as an advisor for biotechnology company Crucell between 2000 and 2013. In 2007 he was involved in writing the behavioural code for biosecurity of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences.

In 2020 van der Eb together with two other former Crucell officials stated that the Netherlands would have had a better starting position in obtaining vaccines to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic in the Netherlands if the government had been interested in letting Crucell work together with the Netherlands Vaccine Institute (nl), with Crucell offering the Netherlands a rapid vaccine production in the case of a pandemic multiple times during the early 2000s. Crucell was later bought by the American corporation Johnson & Johnson.

Honours and awards
Van der Eb was elected a member of the European Molecular Biology Organization in 1977. In 1978 he won the M.W. Beijerinck Virology Medal (nl) of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was elected member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1987. He was elected a member of Academia Europaea in 1989. In 1989 he was also winner of the Robert Koch Prize. In the same year he won the Japan Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research Award. He was made a Knight of the Order of the Netherlands Lion in 1998. In 2003 he was appointed an honorary member of the Netherlands Society of Gene and Cell Therapy. He is a member of the Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen.

References

1934 births
Living people
Dutch molecular biologists
Dutch virologists
Knights of the Order of the Netherlands Lion
Leiden University alumni
Academic staff of Leiden University
Members of Academia Europaea
Members of the European Molecular Biology Organization
Members of the Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen
Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
People from Bandung

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


A new month, April has began, bringing with it spring, flowers, new beginnings and opportunities. And its time for a What's In My Mail – March Edition. If you are new to my blog, I would request you to check my previous What's In My Mail posts – January Edition and February Edition. Basically, I just post all the packages that I have received in the previous month. It could me my own order, PR packages, gifts, gifts for others, etc. March was my birthday month. So it is going to be more special 😊. Let's begin What's In My Mail – March Edition.
1) Simple Skincare Sheet Masks (Pollution Protect one and Destress one) – much needed for this summers.
5) Nykaa Prive Member Birthday Gift – Nykaa sends birthday gifts for their Prive members if you order something on your birthday month. Above hand cream I ordered from Nykaa. I got a pink color travel pouch as my gift along with it.
1) Forest Essentials Sugared Rose Petal Lip Balm – This has been on my wishlist for a long time. Just look how cute the packaging is. I mean, which other brand has a mirror inside the lip balm case!
2) Forest Essentials Hasayan Rose Water Mist: This is a new launch by the brand. I have tried normal rose waters. I wanted to see how different Hasayan Rose was. So got the travel-size of it.
3) Forest Essentials Soundarya Facial Ubtan – This has so many good reviews. Again on my wishlist for a long time. Finally got a sample of it to try.
4) Forest Essentials Nargis Velvet Silk Body Cream – Nargis is their best-selling range. So looking forward to try.
5) Forest Essentials Iced Pomegranate with Fresh Kerala Lime Body Mist – This sounds so cooling and refreshing for summers.
6) Forest Essentials Nargis Body Mist – I love the tiny spray bottles of these two mists.
7) Forest Essentials Advanced Eternal Youth Formula Date & Litchi – Imagine applying date and litchi on your face. This is supposed to be a good anti-aging cream. Delighted to receive this as a freebie.
Thank you Forest Essentials for such a beautiful goodie bag of your bestselling samples.
1) Health & Glow Cherry Sheet Mask – This was on Buy 1 Get 2 offer. Yes, you get 2 free sheet masks with one. I have already tried this sheet mask 3-4 times in the past and really liked its effects. Also these natural variants from Health & Glow have clean ingredients list. They have advanced variants too. Like how Innisfree and The Face Shop has. But I didn't find it much effective. But these natural variants – whitening cherry, detox pomegranate, oil control green tea & milk, nourishing thyme – they are really good.
2) Squeezed Passion Fruit Moisturizing Hair Mask – This is also a Health & Glow's in-house brand. I have previously tried Squeezed Strawberry Extra Shine Hair Mask and liked it. Full review here. So got this passion fruit one to try.
1) The Weave Traveller Handloom Hand Block Printed Khadi Cotton Dupatta – I ordered a shawl for my birthday dress. This churidhar was the last selected dress for me by my dad. So I kept it for a long time without stitching. After more than a year, I have got the courage to stitch and wear this on my birthday. Its a cream colored dress, so I got this cream colored shawl to go with it. This is pure cotton and the material is good quality. Better than what I expected. And the print is also nice.
2) Brauch Women's Fur Bunny Winter Slippers – These are slippers for wearing inside home. I previously got rabbit slippers from some other brand. But currently it was out of stock. So found these rabbit slippers from another brand. They look so pretty, right? And they keep your feet warm and soft.
3) SNAPIN Coffee Sprinkles The Assorted Box – I saw an ad for this on Instagram which redirected me to Amazon. I found these coffee sprinkles to be a new concept. These are basically coffee flavors. You can add a sachet to your cup of coffee to immediately get a Starbucks Vanilla Coffee or Hazelnut Coffee. How cool is that! I got the assorted box which has 10 sachets of 5 different flavors – French Vanilla, Silky Hazelnut, Toffee Nut Crunch, Autumn Spice and Chocolate Marshmallow. I really like this new idea of enjoying flavored coffees at home.
4) Opera Salt and Black Pepper Crisp – Chips! Who can resist. I just added this randomly to qualify for free delivery. I liked the mild pepper flavor in it. If you see it in any supermarket, give it a try.
Fifth package is my Blend It Raw Beauty Order. Being a skincare enthusiast, certain ingredients call you sometime. Last winters I had this sudden calling for macadamia nut hair care products. Now there was this new ingredient introduced by Aarushi – Butterfly Pea Flower Powder. It is a blue colored flower and the when you make a mask out of the powder it looks blue too 😛. She launched a Bloom Facial Polish using this powder on her other shop Blended Botanica. I had a feeling that this powder was going to do lots for my skin – brightening, anti-aging and what not. Plus its full of antioxidants. But I wanted the pure powder to do DIYs myself. I was asking whether she could get it for me and she was sweet enough to do so. But in case you don't want to DIY, I would definitely recommend the Bloom Facial Polish which is literally amazing guys!
Sixth package is my order from Rzizhi. I have already tried Rzizhi products before and they were so good, so I had to repurchase when they were on offer. I will review them soon here.
1) Just Herbs Sacred Lotus & Green Tea Skin Recovery Infusion Toner – This was on 50% discount. Lotus and green tea sounded good.
2) Just Herbs Marigold & Mango Lip Balm – This also on 50% discount.
3) O3+ Plunge Green Tea Chamomile Face Wash – This on 35% discount. My face wash had got over. I wanted a face wash with green tea for summers. So I got this. First time am trying something from their trending Plunge range.
4) Wild Earth Peach Grapes Cherry Blossom Body Butter – This also on 35% discount. I finished my Plum body butter. Decided to try this since on discount. Peach Grapes Cherry, sound heavenly right?
These are the packages that came in my mail last month. Hope you found this post interesting and found some new products helpful to you. If so, comment down your thoughts.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Christmas travel season is about to hit next weekend, and we want you to be as prepared as possible! We rounded up some of the week's best travel news stories from around the web this week for you, including a look at the busiest airports for Christmas travel, how the weather is shaping up for the busy travel week, and more. Check them all out below!
It should come as no surprise that the week leading up to Christmas is commonly the busiest travel week of the entire year. This in-depth analysis from Treetopia takes 2017 government and travel data to decipher which routes and airlines are the most likely to have delays and cancellations this upcoming week. Read the full article to see the best and worst airports, the best and worst days to travel, and more rankings for this year's holiday travel week.
Early outlook: How will the upcoming weather forecast affect your Christmas travel this year?
This article takes an early look at the weather forecast for the entire nation headed our way in the week leading up to Christmas. Besides the Northwest corner of the nation, where a series of storms will blast areas from coastal Northern California to Washington with heavy rain, high-elevation snow and win, quiet weather conditions can be expected over much of the rest of the country from Monday, Dec. 17, into Thursday, Dec. 20. Get the full analysis here.
Supersonic passenger travel used to be a reality, but in came to an end in 2003. A crash in 2000, fuel prices, and other factors contributed to the shutdown. but it could be back in the near future! Materials are lighter and stronger now, and aerodynamics and the physics of sonic booms are better understood today than in the past. As a result, several groups of aircraft engineers are dipping their toes back into the supersonic pool. Find out all you need to know about supersonic air-travel and what it could mean for the future of travel in this in-depth article.
Hipmunk published a helpful tool to calculate when you can benefit from the highest domestic flight savings in 2019. These money-saving calculations will benefit your budget when you travel in 2019. Find out why the best months to fly in 2019 will be January and September. In addition, which months should you hold off on booking travel? Which month is the most expensive overall to travel? The answers to these questions and more can be found here.
DNA testing is now more accessible than ever, thanks to companies like Ancestry.com and 23andMe. With the rise of DNA testing, more people are interested in their roots and the travel industry is taking notice of this big trend. Armed with their very own DNA results, people are flocking to their ancestral homes. The travel industry is responding with guided DNA trips and other things to cater to this new niche. Read more about the emerging trend here.
Which travel destinations were people most interested in this year? You won't be too surprised by the top places, but you might be surprised about what people were googling about them. Included on the list are some of Europe's classics, plus tropical destinations and some of America's big cities. Read the full article for all of the top googled destinations, plus what exactly people were googling about them. For instance, Las Vegas made the list. One of the top things googled about this party city was "trip to Las Vegas horror story". For New York City, it was "trip to New York City for Christmas".
Call our office today at 402-281-3022 to book your next getaway or get started here.


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S04 Esports signs Maurice "Amazing" Stückenschneider
A new addition to FC Schalke 04 Esports: The club signs Maurice "Amazing" Stückenschneider. The 24-year-old (*2. April 1994) jungler completes the roster of the Royal Blues.
"Maurice Stückenschneider has a high level of game understanding and brings a lot of experience. He takes responsibility and is very variable in his game. We are delighted that he has chosen to join Schalke," André Guilhotto welcomes the 24-year-old veteran.
Maurice Stückenschneider has a high level of game understanding and brings a lot of experience.
André Guilhotto
His career in esport began for Stückenschneider in 2010. In 2014 he reached the EU LCS with the Copenhagen Wolves. Despite a remarkable achievement by Stückenschneider, who had been repeatedly voted "Most Valuable Player", the wolves played only moderately successful. His career really took off in the following split. In 2014 Summer Stückenschneider joined Team SoloMid and went on to win the split with them.
"Amazing's" best success came at Origen: His all time career high was a semi-final match at worlds, a feat not many players get to boast about. The native Bocholter is looking forward to the sporting challenge at FC Schalke 04 Esports: "I want to do my part to ensure that we will be successful in the upcoming split. I can not wait for the season to start. "
Maurice Stückenschneider
Jungler
Royal Blues to earn 26,5 Mio. euros from sale of LEC slot
FC Schalke 04 has made the decision to sell the starting place in the League of Legends European Championship (LEC) to the Swiss esports organisation Team BDS for a total sum of 26,5 Mio. euros. The transfer of license rights will come into force in the spring season 2022. After four years, the Royal Blues are withdrawing from the top European League of Legends competition. The decision on the continuation of the involvement in the football simulations FIFA and PES as well as in the League of Legends Prime League is still pending.
LEC Playoffs: Schalke 04 Esports finishes season in top 4
The royal blue League of Legends pros achieved a strong fourth place in their first ever play-off participation in a Spring Split. After an impressive win against Fnatic, Schalke was beaten 1-3 by title co-favourite Rogue.
LEC: Perfect week secures playoff spot
The royal blue League of Legends team did it again! After the sensational Miracle Run last season, Schalke moved into the playoffs of the League of Legends European Championship (LEC) in the Spring Split 2021. With three wins in a row, S04 Esports even climbed to fourth place in the final week of the group phase.
LEC: S04 Esports with the next perfect week
Our League of Legends professional team continued its winning streak impressively and after four successes in the LEC is tied with G2 Esports in second place. Even front runner Rogue had to admit defeat against the Royal Blues.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Family members of Devereux Pennsylvania youth raise $8,000 for the organization
Matt and Cindy Puscar, and their daughter, Allison, recently hosted a fundraiser to benefit Devereux Pennsylvania Children's Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Services (CIDDS) center. The event raised $8,000 for Devereux.
Thanks to the generosity of its many supporters, Devereux Advanced Behavioral Health is able to continue the vision of its founder – Helena Devereux – to help build a life of resilience, self-fulfillment and happiness for people of all abilities. It can be particularly rewarding when family members recognize the organization's achievements by taking on fundraising efforts of their own.
This was the case of Cindy and Matt Puscar, aunt and uncle of Mickey who is a resident of Devereux Pennsylvania Children's Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Services (CIDDS) center. Celebrating Matt's 40th birthday earlier this year culminated in a fundraiser that raised $8,000 for CIDDS, which will be used to create a sensory room for youth with special needs.
Commemorating a 40th birthday
"Last year, we were trying to figure out how to celebrate my 40th birthday," explained Matt Puscar. "We thought about a party, travel or buying certain things, but we attended a charity event that friends of ours put on every year in honor of their brother and father, and were inspired to do something ourselves. We shifted our focus away from what we should do to celebrate our milestone, to what we should do to help others and start a tradition of our own. We wanted to make a local impact for something that's near and dear to us. Of course, Devereux immediately came to mind because of my nephew, Mickey, who lives in one of CIDDS' residential houses."
Mickey, who is 17-years-old, entered the CIDDS Greenway residential home seven years ago with diagnoses of autism, separation anxiety and an intellectual disability. Since that time, he has developed stronger communication skills and coping skills to help deal with change. Today, Mickey lives in Devereux Pennsylvania CIDDS' Laura Villa Men's Center.
"From our experience, when people talk about helping those with autism, they are talking about young children. It seems that kids aging with autism, like Mickey, are often overlooked or misunderstood," noted Cindy Puscar.
An exciting evening
The Puscars handled all of the logistics, and their successful fundraising event was held at The Merion Tribute House in Merion Station, Pa. A supportive group of more than 80 family members and friends attended the cocktail hour and dinner, along with dancing, and a silent auction/raffle.
The evening ended with speeches from Matt Puscar and Devereux Pennsylvania CIDDS Greenway Treatment Manager Lauren Eder, who explained how the donations would be used.
Funding a sensory room
"When we reached out to Devereux initially for a wish list of what the kids needed, at the top of the list was a sensory room," said Cindy Puscar.
Sensory rooms allow individuals with autism or other special needs the opportunity to experience a less stimulating world or surrounding environment by using special lighting, decreasing background noise through the use of music or sound machines, and allowing people to explore their personal sensory world with different toys and seating equipment. The majority of individuals with autism have a heightened response to sensory stimulation and these rooms help individuals learn how to process sensory stimulation in a safe and more predictable setting. Ultimately, the use of sensory rooms helps individuals find and develop coping strategies to increase self-regulation in everyday life.
"Sensory rooms can be difficult to fund because the equipment is very expensive and it requires regular maintenance," said Eder. "Funding from events like the Puscar's extremely generous birthday celebration fundraiser are the main reason sensory rooms in our programs exist. Now, each of our Devereux Pennsylvania CIDDS programs has access to a sensory room, either in a residence or in a school. This is fantastic news for the individuals we serve, including Mickey!"
Eder added: "It was a pleasure to be part of this event, as an educator and an advocate for people living with emotional, behavioral and cognitive differences. The evening was truly amazing."
Same time next year!
"Our goal is to raise visibility for the great work Devereux does, and possibly hold a similar fundraiser next year … but bigger!" exclaimed Matt Puscar.
Learn about Devereux Advanced Behavioral Health.
Devereux Center for Resilient Children hosts 20-minute resilience webinar on August 15 to celebrate 20th anniversary of the DECA Program
In celebration of the 20th anniversary of the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment Program, the Devereux Center for Resilient Children is hosting a special webinar on August 15 titled, "The DECA Program and Resilience: 20 Years, 20 Questions, 20 Minutes."
Devereux centers recognized by Human Rights Campaign for supporting LGBTQ youth, families
Four Devereux Advanced Behavioral Health centers have been recognized by the Human Rights Campaign, the largest LGBTQ advocacy group in the U.S., for supporting and serving LGBTQ youth and families.
Devereux awarded $35,000 grant for emergency clothing for youth
Devereux Advanced Behavioral Health was recently awarded a $35,000 grant to purchase emergency clothing for children and adolescents at its centers in the Philadelphia region.
Game Changers: Helena Devereux featured in exhibit honoring Pennsylvania women who made history
Helena T. Devereux, special education pioneer and founder of Devereux Advanced Behavioral Health, is featured in a new exhibit at the Pennsylvania Governor's Residence that honors the achievements of Pennsylvania women.
Devereux Pennsylvania's intensive family coaching program helps family
Joaquin and Tina Angles credit Devereux Advanced Behavioral Health Pennsylvania's intensive family coaching program with helping them build a more positive, healthy relationship with their twin boys.
DECA Program anniversary: Celebrating 20 years of promoting resilience in young children
The Devereux Center for Resilient Children (DCRC) is celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Devereux Early Childhood Assessment (DECA) Program, a strength-based assessment and planning system designed to promote resilience in children, ages 4 weeks to 6 years old.
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Justia › US Law › US Case Law › US Supreme Court › Volume 312 › Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC
Fashion Originators' Guild of America v. FTC, 312 U.S. 457 (1941)
Fashion Originators' Guild of America
v. Federal Trade Commission
Argued February 10, 1941
A combination of manufacturers of women's garments and manufacturers of textiles used in their making, who claimed that the designs of their products, though not protected by patent or copyright, were original and distinctive, sought to suppress competition by others who copied their designs and sold at generally lower prices. To this end, those in the combination systematically registered their designs and refused all sales to manufacturers and retailers of garments who dealt in the copies or would not agree not to sell them. To aid in effectuating the boycott, the combination employed "shoppers" to visit retailers' stores, established tribunals to determine whether garments were copies of designs registered, audited the books of its members, fined them for violations of its regulations, etc. In view of these things, and the power of the combination and its effect upon sales in interstate commerce, the Federal Trade Commission concluded that the practices of the combination constituted unfair methods of competition tending to monopoly and issued a "cease and desist" order.
1. That the conclusion of the Commission was based on adequate and unchallenged findings, and was correct. P. 312 U. S. 463.
2. Where the purpose and practice of a combination run counter to the public policy declared in the Sherman and Clayton Acts, the Federal Trade Commission has the power to suppress it as an unfair method of competition. P. 312 U. S. 463.
3. A practice short of a complete monopoly but which tends to create a monopoly and to deprive the public of the advantages from free competition in interstate trade, offends the policy of the Sherman Act. P. 312 U. S. 466.
4. A combination may be contrary to the policy of the Sherman and Clayton Acts though it does not tend to fix or regulate prices, parcel out or limit production, or bring about a deterioration in quality. P. 312 U. S. 466.
It was the object of the Federal Trade Commission Act to reach in their incipiency combinations which could lead to these and other trade restraints and practice deemed undesirable.
5. Since the purpose and object of this combination, its potential power, its tendency to monopoly, the coercion it could and did practice upon a rival method of competition, all brought it within the prohibition declared by the Sherman and Clayton Acts, it was not erroneous to exclude evidence offered to prove that the practices were reasonable and necessary for the protection of manufacturer, laborer, retailer and consumer against the evils growing from the pirating of original designs. P. 312 U. S. 467.
6. Whether or not systematic copying of the dress designs by trade competitors is in itself tortious is a question of state law; but even if tortious under the laws of all the States, that circumstance would not justify a combination to suppress it by regulating and restraining interstate commerce in violation of federal law. P. 312 U. S. 468.
114 F.2d 80, affirmed.
Certiorari, 311 U.S. 641, to review the affirmance by the court below of a "cease and desist" order of the Federal Trade Commission.
MR. JUSTICE BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.
The Circuit Court of Appeals, with modifications not here challenged, affirmed a Federal Trade Commission decree ordering petitioners to cease and desist from certain practices found to have been done in combination and to constitute "unfair methods of competition" tending to monopoly. [Footnote 1] Determination of the correctness of the decision below requires consideration of the Sherman, Clayton, and Federal Trade Commission Acts. [Footnote 2]
Some of the members of the combination design, manufacture, sell and distribute women's garments -- chiefly dresses. Others are manufacturers, converters or dyers of textiles from which these garments are made. Fashion Originators' Guild of America (FOGA), an organization controlled by these groups, is the instrument through which petitioners work to accomplish the purposes condemned by the Commission. The garment manufacturers claim to be creators of original and distinctive designs of fashionable clothes for women, and the textile manufacturers claim to be creators of similar original fabric designs. After these designs enter the channels of trade, other manufacturers systematically make and sell copies of them, the copies usually selling at prices lower than the garments copied. Petitioners call this practice of copying unethical and immoral, and give it the name of "style piracy." And although they admit that their "original creations" are neither copyrighted nor patented, and indeed assert that existing legislation affords them no protection against copyists, they nevertheless urge that sale of copied designs constitutes an unfair trade practice and a tortious invasion of their rights. Because of these alleged wrongs, petitioners, while continuing to compete with one another in many respects, combined among themselves to combat and, if possible, destroy all competition from the sale of garments which are copies of their "original creations." They admit that, to destroy such competition, they have in combination purposely boycotted and declined to sell their products to retailers who follow a policy of selling garments copied by other manufacturers from designs put out by Guild members. As a result of their efforts, approximately 12,000 retailers throughout the country have signed agreements to "cooperate" with the Guild's boycott program, but more than half of these signed the
agreements only because constrained by threats that Guild members would not sell to retailers who failed to yield to their demands -- threats that have been carried out by the Guild practice of placing on red cards the names of noncooperators (to whom no sales are to be made), placing on white cards the names of cooperators (to whom sales are to be made), and then distributing both sets of cards to the manufacturers.
The one hundred and seventy-six manufacturers of women's garments who are members of the Guild occupy a commanding position in their line of business. In 1936, they sold in the United States more than 38% of all women's garments wholesaling at $6.75 and up, and more than 60% of those at $10.75 and above. The power of the combination is great; competition and the demand of the consuming public make it necessary for most retail dealers to stock some of the products of these manufacturers. And the power of the combination is made even greater by reason of the affiliation of some members of the National Federation of Textiles, Inc. -- that being an organization composed of about one hundred textile manufacturers, converters, dyers, and printers of silk and rayon used in making women's garments. Those members of the Federation who are affiliated with the Guild have agreed to sell their products only to those garment manufacturers who have, in turn, agreed to sell only to cooperating retailers.
The Guild maintains a Design Registration Bureau for garments, and the Textile Federation maintains a similar Bureau for textiles. The Guild employs "shoppers" to visit the stores of both cooperating and noncooperating retailers, "for the purpose of examining their stocks, to determine and report as to whether they contain . . . copies of registered designs. . . ." An elaborate system of trial and appellate tribunals exists for the determination of whether a given garment is in fact a copy of
a Guild member's design. In order to assure the success of its plan of registration and restraint, and to ascertain whether Guild regulations are being violated, the Guild audits its members books. And if violations of Guild requirements are discovered, as, for example, sales to red-carded retailers, the violators are subject to heavy fines. [Footnote 3]
In addition to the elements of the agreement set out above, all of which relate more or less closely to competition by so-called style copyists, the Guild has undertaken to do many things apparently independent of and distinct from the fight against copying. Among them are the following: the combination prohibits its members from participating in retail advertising; regulates the discount they may allow; prohibits their selling at retail; cooperates with local guilds in regulating days upon which special sales shall be held; prohibits its members from selling women's garments to persons who conduct businesses in residences, residential quarters, hotels or apartment houses; and denies the benefits of membership to retailers who participate with dress manufacturers in promoting fashion shows unless the merchandise used is actually purchased and delivered.
If the purpose and practice of the combination of garment manufacturers and their affiliates runs counter to the public policy declared in the Sherman and Clayton Acts, the Federal Trade Commission has the power to suppress it as an unfair method of competition. [Footnote 4] From
its findings the Commission concluded that the petitioners, "pursuant to understandings, arrangements, agreements, combinations and conspiracies entered into jointly and severally," had prevented sales in interstate commerce, had "substantially lessened, hindered and suppressed" competition, and had tended "to create in themselves a monopoly." And paragraph 3 of the Clayton Act, 15 U.S.C. § 14, declares
"It shall be unlawful for any person engaged in commerce . . . to . . . make a sale or contract for sale of goods . . . on the condition, agreement or understanding that the . . . purchaser thereof shall not use or deal in the goods . . . of a competitor or competitors of the . . . seller, where the effect of such . . . sale, or contract for sale . . . may be to substantially lessen competition or tend to create a monopoly in any line of commerce."
The relevance of this section of the Clayton Act to petitioners' scheme is shown by the fact that the scheme is bottomed upon a system of sale under which (1) textiles shall be sold to garment manufacturers only upon the condition and understanding that the buyers will not use or deal in textiles which are copied from the designs of textile manufacturing Guild members; (2) garment manufacturers shall sell to retailers only upon the condition and understanding that the retailers shall not use or deal in such copied designs. And the Federal Trade Commission concluded, in the language of the Clayton Act, that these understandings substantially lessened competition and tended to create a monopoly. We hold that the Commission, upon adequate and unchallenged findings, correctly concluded that this practice constituted an unfair method of competition. [Footnote 5]
Not only does the plan in the respects above discussed thus conflict with the principles of the Clayton Act; the findings of the Commission bring petitioners' combination in its entirety well within the inhibition of the policies declared by the Sherman Act itself. Section 1 of that Act makes illegal every contract, combination or conspiracy in restraint of trade or commerce among the several states; Section 2 makes illegal every combination or conspiracy which monopolizes or attempts to monopolize any part of that trade or commerce. Under the Sherman Act "competition, not combination, should be the law of trade." National Cotton Oil Co. v. Texas, 197 U. S. 115, 197 U. S. 129. And among the many respects in which the Guild's plan runs contrary to the policy of the Sherman Act are these: it narrows the outlets to which garment and textile manufacturers can sell and the sources from which retailers can buy (Montague & Co. v. Lowry, 193 U. S. 38, 193 U. S. 45; Standard Sanitary Manufacturing Co. v. United States, 226 U. S. 20, 226 U. S. 48-49); subjects all retailers and manufacturers who decline to comply with the Guild's program to an organized boycott (Eastern States Retail Lumber Dealers' Assn. v. United States, 234 U. S. 600, 234 U. S. 609-611); takes away the freedom of action of members by requiring each to reveal to the Guild the intimate details of their individual affairs (United States v. American Linseed Oil Co., 262 U. S. 371, 262 U. S. 389); and has both as its necessary tendency and as its purpose and effect the direct suppression of competition from the sale of unregistered textiles and copied designs (United States v. American Linseed Oil Co., supra, at 262 U. S. 389). In addition to all this, the combination is in reality an extra-governmental agency which prescribes rules for the regulation and restraint of interstate commerce and provides extrajudicial tribunals for determination and punishment of violations, and thus "trenches upon the power of the national legislature and violates the statute."
Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. v. United States, 175 U. S. 211, 175 U. S. 242.
Nor is it determinative in considering the policy of the Sherman Act that petitioners may not yet have achieved a complete monopoly. For "it is sufficient if it really tends to that end, and to deprive the public of the advantages which flow from free competition." United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U. S. 1, 156 U. S. 16; Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. v. United States, 175 U. S. 211, 175 U. S. 237. It was, in fact, one of the hopes of those who sponsored the Federal Trade Commission Act that its effect might be prophylactic, and that, through it, attempts to bring about complete monopolization of an industry might be stopped in their incipiency. [Footnote 6]
Petitioners, however, argue that the combination cannot be contrary to the policy of the Sherman and Clayton Acts, since the Federal Trade Commission did not find that the combination fixed or regulated prices, parcelled out or limited production, or brought about a deterioration in quality. But action falling into these three categories does not exhaust the types of conduct banned by the Sherman and Clayton Acts. And, as previously pointed out, it was the object of the Federal Trade Commission Act to reach not merely in their fruition, but also in their incipiency, combinations which could lead to these and other trade restraints and practices deemed undesirable. In this case, the Commission found that the combination exercised sufficient control and power in the women's garments and textile businesses
"to exclude from the industry those manufacturers and distributors who do not conform to the rules and regulations of said respondents, and thus tend to
create in themselves a monopoly in the said industries."
While a conspiracy to fix prices is illegal, an intent to increase prices is not an ever-present essential of conduct amounting to a violation of the policy of the Sherman and Clayton Acts; a monopoly contrary to their policies can exist even though a combination may temporarily or even permanently reduce the price of the articles manufactured or sold. For, as this Court has said,
"Trade or commerce under those circumstances may nevertheless be badly and unfortunately restrained by driving out of business the small dealers and worthy men whose lives have been spent therein, and who might be unable to readjust themselves to their altered surroundings. Mere reduction in the price of the commodity dealt in might be dearly paid for by the ruin of such a class and the absorption of control over one commodity by an all-powerful combination of capital. [Footnote 7]"
But petitioners further argue that their boycott and restraint of interstate trade is not within the ban of the policies of the Sherman and Clayton Acts, because
"the practices of FOGA were reasonable and necessary to protect the manufacturer, laborer, retailer and consumer against the devastating evils growing from the pirating of original designs and had in fact benefited all four."
The Commission declined to hear much of the evidence that petitioners desired to offer on this subject. As we have pointed out, however, the aim of petitioners' combination was the intentional destruction of one type of manufacture and sale which competed with Guild members. The purpose and object of this combination, its potential power, its tendency to monopoly, the coercion it could and did practice upon a rival method of competition, all brought it within the policy of the prohibition
declared by the Sherman and Clayton Acts. For this reason, the principles announced in Appalachian Coals, Inc. v. United States, 288 U. S. 344, and Sugar Institute v. United States, 297 U. S. 553, have no application here. Under these circumstances, it was not error to refuse to hear the evidence offered, for the reasonableness of the methods pursued by the combination to accomplish its unlawful object is no more material than would be the reasonableness of the prices fixed by unlawful combination. Cf. Thomsen v. Cayser, 243 U. S. 66, 243 U. S. 85; United States v. Trenton Potteries Co., 273 U. S. 392, 273 U. S. 398; United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., 310 U. S. 150, 310 U. S. 212-224. Nor can the unlawful combination be justified upon the argument that systematic copying of dress designs is itself tortious, or should now be declared so by us. In the first place, whether or not given conduct is tortious is a question of state law, under our decision in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 304 U. S. 64. In the second place, even if copying were an acknowledged tort under the law of every state, that situation would not justify petitioners in combining together to regulate and restrain interstate commerce in violation of federal law. And for these same reasons, the principles declared in International News Service v. Associated Press, 248 U. S. 215, cannot serve to legalize petitioners' unlawful combination. The decision below is accordingly
114 F.2d 80. Because of inconsistency between the holding below and that of the First Circuit Court of Appeals in Wm. Filene's Sons Co. v. Fashion Originators' Guild of America, 90 F.2d 556, we granted certiorari. 311 U.S. 641.
26 Stat. 209, 15 U.S.C. § 1 et seq.; 38 Stat. 730, 15 U.S.C. § 12 et seq.; 38 Stat. 717, 15 U.S.C. § 41 et seq.
In one instance, a fine of $1,500 was imposed, and the Guild notified its membership that a fine of $5,000 would be assessed in case of future violation.
Federal Trade Commission v. Beech-Nut Packing Co., 257 U. S. 441, 257 U. S. 453-455. See 26 Stat. 209, 15 U.S.C. § 1 et seq.; 38 Stat. 730, 15 U.S.C. § 12 et seq.; 38 Stat. 717, 15 U.S.C. § 41 et seq. By 38 Stat. 734, 15 U.S.C. § 21, the Federal Trade Commission is expressly given authority to enforce the Clayton Act.
Cf. Federal Trade Commission v. R. F. Keppel & Bro., 291 U. S. 304, 291 U. S. 314; Standard Fashion Co. v. Magrane-Houston Co., 258 U. S. 346, 258 U. S. 357.
Federal Trade Commission v. Raladam Co., 283 U. S. 643, 283 U. S. 647. And see remarks of Senator Cummins, Chairman of the Committee which reported the bill, 51 Cong.Rec. 11455, quoted by Brandeis, J., in Federal Trade Commission v. Gratz, 253 U. S. 421, 253 U. S. 435.
United States v. Trans-Missouri Freight Assn., 166 U. S. 290, 166 U. S. 323.


text:
Q: ¿Cómo destruir todas las instancias de los objetos encapsulados en un objeto principal de una sola vez en C#? (Destructor/delete[]) Resulta que tengo dos objetos que están relacionados entre si y ambos crean una copia de otro objeto y me gustaría que ambas se destruyeran secuencialmente de forma automática. (Pongo ejemplo para que se vea mas claro).
//-----------------------------------------------------
public class Disparo
{
    //el destructor no funciona hasta que se acaba la ejecucion del progrma
    ~Disparo()
    {
      this.Destroy();//esto destruye "FISICAMENTE" el objeto (no destruye la instancia).
    }
}
//-----------------------------------------------------
public class Enemigo
{
   public bool vivo;
   Disparo disparoOriginal;
   Disparo disparoCopia;

   public Enemigo()
   {
     disparoCopia = Clonar(disparoOriginal);
   }

    //el destructor no funciona hasta que se acaba la ejecucion del progrma
   ~Enemigo()
    {
       disparoCopia.Destroy();//esto destruye "FISICAMENTE" el objeto (no destruye la instancia).
    }
}
//-----------------------------------------------------
public class CreadorDeEnemigos
{
    Enemigo enemigoOriginal;
    Enemigo enemigoCopia[10];
    int vidas=0;

    public void Loop()
    {
      if(!enemigoCopia[vidas].vivo && vidas<3)
      {
        enemigoCopia[vidas].disparoCopia.Destroy();//--> funciona pero no lo veo práctico
        enemigoCopia[vidas].Destroy();
        vidas++;
        enemigoCopia[vidas] = Clonar(enemigoOriginal);
      }
    }
}

//-----------------------------------------------------
El problema es que en C# no encuentro nada que haga lo mismo que el delete[] de C++, es decir que haciendo
delete[] enemigoCopia[count];

llamaría automáticamente al destructor de ~Enemigo() que a su vez llamaría al destructor de ~Disparo() y destruiria todos los objetos de una sola vez.
¿Hay alguna forma de poder destruir un objeto y todas los objetos contenidos en él sin tener que esperar a que acabe la ejecución del programa?
Gracias!!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Categories Blog, World
Congratulations to the 2020 Goldman Environmental Prize winners!
2020 Goldman Environmental Prize winner Paul Sein Twa with community members in the Salween Peace Park. Credit: Goldman Environmental Prize.
Our Council member Paul Sein Twa (Karen) was honored as the recipient for Asia for his leadership in helping establish the 1.35 million-acre Salween Peace Park in Burma/Myanmar. Join us in congratulating Paul, our Member KESAN, and the Karen communities for this recognition of their extraordinary accomplishment.
By Holly Jonas, ICCA Consortium Global Coordinator
The ICCA Consortium extends our appreciation and congratulations to all of the recipients of the 2020 Goldman Environmental Prize! We are thrilled to share that Paul Sein Twa (ICCA Consortium Council member) from the Karen Environmental and Social Action Network (KESAN, ICCA Consortium Member) was recognized as the Goldman Prize recipient for Asia for supporting about 350 Indigenous Karen communities to self-declare the Salween Peace Park in their ancestral lands in territories. The Salween Peace Park was also one of 10 winners of the 2020 Equator Prize, which recognizes outstanding community initiatives for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.
We also acknowledge Nemonte Nenquimo, the Goldman Environment Prize recipient for South and Central America. She led an Indigenous campaign and legal action that resulted in a court ruling protecting 500,000 acres of the Amazonian rainforest and Waorani territory from oil extraction. Nenquimo's leadership and the lawsuit set a legal precedent for indigenous rights in Ecuador, and other Indigenous peoples are following in her footsteps to protect additional tracts of the rainforest from oil extraction.
In this spotlight video, Paul Sein Twa reflects on the influence of his friend Saw O Moo, one of the visionaries and most active community leaders behind the Salween Peace Park, and says that Saw's 2018 murder galvanized him and his colleagues to continue in his honor no matter what they faced.
In his video acceptance speech, Paul said:
"Thank you so much for recognizing our stewardship of our ancestral territory – the Salween Peace Park, which contributes to protecting the world's remaining biodiversity. With this award, we will continue to strengthen our respectful and reciprocal relationship with our territory of life by fostering our customary governance system and way of life… It is time for the world to respect and value our Indigenous peoples' rights, worldview, and knowledge."
Read Paul's full statement: https://www.goldmanprize.org/blog/paul-sein-twa-building-a-peace-park-to-protect-environment-and-people-in-myanmar/.
Paul Sein Twa and community members in the Salween Peace Park. Photo: Goldman Environmental Prize
To learn more about the Salween Peace Park, read the below description of Paul's work from the Goldman Environmental Prize website and check out this beautiful multimedia story produced by the Gaia Foundation (ICCA Consortium Member) and the Yes to Life, No to Mining Network: https://spark.adobe.com/page/PZrAlLWEGkvkE/.
A Troubled and Rich Ecosystem
After World War II, the Karen people—one of eight major ethnic groups in Myanmar—sought an independent state, leading to a 70-year armed political conflict. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, hundreds of thousands of Karen fled to refugee camps along the Thai border. Since 2015, there has been a nationwide ceasefire agreement in place, with tensions and occasional skirmishes replacing open hostilities.
Largely isolated due to years of conflict, the Salween River basin is both a major biodiversity zone and the home of the indigenous Karen people. The region has some of the last remaining intact wilderness areas in mainland Southeast Asia, including vast stretches of teak forests, tigers, endangered Sunda pangolins, clouded leopards, gibbons, Asiatic black bears, and sun bears. The Salween River—Asia's longest free-flowing river—also runs through the territory.
Today, as resource-rich Myanmar transitions from military dictatorship to capitalist democracy, there has been an increase in logging, mining, agribusiness, dams, and rubber extraction in the area. In 1998, the Burmese government proposed the $2.6 billion, 1,360-megawatt Hatgyi dam in the southern Salween basin—in the heart of Karen territory.
An Indigenous Peace Maker
Paul Sein Twa, 47, is an indigenous Karen who grew up along the Thai-Burmese border and has spent his life navigating the zones of conflict. He is deeply connected to the physical, spiritual, and cultural landscape of the Salween River basin, and has dedicated his life to preserving its land and traditions, which are deeply intertwined for the Karen people. In 2001, he co-founded the Karen Environmental and Social Action Network (KESAN) to protect the environment and culture of the Karen community.
Preserving Ancestral Territory
In 2005, as industrial development increased in the region, Sein Twa began facilitating a community-driven approach to protect the Salween River basin, with support from local government and others. He attended international meetings to learn about various conservation approaches and learned about the peace park model. Rather than responding to each new project that appeared, he launched a proactive strategy of environmental protection and self-determination for his community.
Peace parks—also known as transboundary protected areas—seek to preserve zones of biodiversity and cultural heritage using conservation to promote peacebuilding. Selous-Niassa Wildlife Corridor (Tanzania/Mozambique), Emerald Triangle conservation zone (Thailand/Laos/Cambodia), and Cordillera del Condor (Ecuador/Peru) are examples of earlier peace parks.
Sold on the concept of creating a peace park in their beloved Salween River basin, in 2016 Sein Twa and KESAN worked with Karen civil society and local government to mobilize Karen community support, holding public consultations, seminars, and educational meetings with 348 villages representing some 68,000 people.
To ensure community buy-in and involvement throughout the process, Sein Twa worked with local leaders to organize a community referendum to approve a charter and governance structure, garnering 75% community support. He worked with the Karen Forest Department to replace colonial forestry principles with traditional practices and helped communities define borders using natural landmarks. Sein Twa and his team used GPS to map parcels and accurately record Karen ownership of land, and they documented biodiversity and conducted data analysis in the forests.
On December 18, 2018, the Karen people officially declared the creation of the Salween Peace Park, to be managed by local Karen communities. The 1.35million-acre park includes 27 community forests and three wildlife sanctuaries, protecting endangered populations of tigers, Sunda pangolins, black and sun bears, gaur, and hoolock gibbons, from extractive industries and development projects. The park's borders were specifically designed to include proposed dam sites—including the Hatgyi dam—in efforts to stop destructive megaprojects.
In this still-volatile region, Sein Twa and KESAN are moving forward in assisting communities to develop land management plans, documenting biodiversity gains, and using the park as a bulwark against destructive megaprojects. Sein Twa is employing international environmental frameworks and collaborating with communities and local government to create peace and independence in the region. He is building a community-focused conservation zone with no boundaries between forest, wildlife, and indigenous communities. Sein Twa has ably combined grassroots environmental activism and indigenous self-determination to create the peace park in a conflict zone—a singular and unprecedented achievement. This is a major victory for peace and conservation in Myanmar.
Featured image: 2020 Goldman Environmental Prize winner Paul Sein Twa with community
member in the Salween Peace Park. Credit: Goldman Environmental Prize.