text:
package org.sagebionetworks.client;

import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.ASYNC_GET;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.ASYNC_START;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.DOI;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.DOWNLOAD_LIST_ADD;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.DOWNLOAD_LIST_MANIFEST;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.DOWNLOAD_LIST_PACKAGE;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.DOWNLOAD_LIST_QUERY;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.FILE_BULK;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.SCHEMA_TYPE_CREATE;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.SCHEMA_TYPE_VALIDATION;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.STORAGE_REPORT;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.TABLE_APPEND;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.TABLE_DOWNLOAD_CSV;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.TABLE_QUERY;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.TABLE_QUERY_NEXTPAGE;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.TABLE_TRANSACTION;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.TABLE_UPLOAD_CSV;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.TABLE_UPLOAD_CSV_PREVIEW;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.VIEW_COLUMNS;
import static org.sagebionetworks.client.SynapseClientImpl.FILE_HANDLE_RESTORE;

import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.asynch.AsynchronousRequestBody;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.asynch.AsynchronousResponseBody;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.doi.v2.DoiResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.download.AddToDownloadListResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.download.DownloadListManifestResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.download.DownloadListPackageResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.download.DownloadListQueryResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.file.AddFileToDownloadListResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.file.BulkFileDownloadResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.file.FileHandleRestoreResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.report.DownloadStorageReportResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.schema.CreateSchemaResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.schema.GetValidationSchemaResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.table.DownloadFromTableResult;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.table.HasEntityId;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.table.QueryResult;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.table.QueryResultBundle;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.table.RowReferenceSetResults;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.table.TableUpdateTransactionResponse;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.table.UploadToTablePreviewResult;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.table.UploadToTableRequest;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.table.UploadToTableResult;
import org.sagebionetworks.repo.model.table.ViewColumnModelResponse;

public enum AsynchJobType {

	TableAppendRowSet(TABLE_APPEND, RowReferenceSetResults.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	TableQuery(TABLE_QUERY, QueryResultBundle.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	TableQueryNextPage(TABLE_QUERY_NEXTPAGE, QueryResult.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	TableCSVUpload(TABLE_UPLOAD_CSV, UploadToTableResult.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	TableCSVUploadPreview(TABLE_UPLOAD_CSV_PREVIEW, UploadToTablePreviewResult.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	TableCSVDownload(TABLE_DOWNLOAD_CSV, DownloadFromTableResult.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	BulkFileDownload(FILE_BULK, BulkFileDownloadResponse.class, RestEndpointType.file),
	TableTransaction(TABLE_TRANSACTION, TableUpdateTransactionResponse.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	Doi(DOI, DoiResponse.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	AddFileToDownloadList(DOWNLOAD_LIST_ADD, AddFileToDownloadListResponse.class, RestEndpointType.file),
	DownloadStorageReport(STORAGE_REPORT, DownloadStorageReportResponse.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	CreateJsonSchema(SCHEMA_TYPE_CREATE, CreateSchemaResponse.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	GetValidationSchema(SCHEMA_TYPE_VALIDATION, GetValidationSchemaResponse.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	ViewColumnModelRequest(VIEW_COLUMNS, ViewColumnModelResponse.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	QueryDownloadList(DOWNLOAD_LIST_QUERY, DownloadListQueryResponse.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	AddToDownloadList(DOWNLOAD_LIST_ADD, AddToDownloadListResponse.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	DownloadPackageList(DOWNLOAD_LIST_PACKAGE, DownloadListPackageResponse.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	DownloadListManifest(DOWNLOAD_LIST_MANIFEST, DownloadListManifestResponse.class, RestEndpointType.repo),
	FileHandleRestore(FILE_HANDLE_RESTORE, FileHandleRestoreResponse.class, RestEndpointType.file);

	String prefix;
	Class<? extends AsynchronousResponseBody> responseClass;
	RestEndpointType restEndpointType;

	AsynchJobType(String prefix, Class<? extends AsynchronousResponseBody> responseClass, RestEndpointType endpoint) {
		this.prefix = prefix;
		this.responseClass = responseClass;
		this.restEndpointType = endpoint;

	}

	/**
	 * Get the URL used to start this job type.
	 *
	 * @param request
	 */
	public String getStartUrl(AsynchronousRequestBody request) {
		String entityId = getEntityIdFromRequest(request);
		if (entityId != null) {
			return "/entity/" + entityId + prefix + ASYNC_START;
		} else {
			return prefix + ASYNC_START;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * extracts the entityId from the request body throws an exception if the
	 * request has an entityId field but the entityId is null If the request body
	 * does not have an entityId field, returns null.
	 */
	private String getEntityIdFromRequest(AsynchronousRequestBody request) {
		if (request instanceof UploadToTableRequest && ((UploadToTableRequest) request).getTableId() != null) {
			return ((UploadToTableRequest) request).getTableId();
		} else if (request instanceof HasEntityId && ((HasEntityId) request).getEntityId() != null) {
			return ((HasEntityId) request).getEntityId();
		} else if ((request instanceof UploadToTableRequest && ((UploadToTableRequest) request).getTableId() == null)
				|| (request instanceof HasEntityId && ((HasEntityId) request).getEntityId() == null)) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException("entityId cannot be null");
		} else {
			return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Get the URL used to get the results for this job type.
	 *
	 * @param token
	 * @param request
	 * @return
	 */
	public String getResultUrl(String token, AsynchronousRequestBody request) {
		return getResultUrl(token, getEntityIdFromRequest(request));
	}

	/**
	 * Get the URL used to get the results for this job type.
	 *
	 * @param token
	 * @param entityId
	 * @return
	 */
	public String getResultUrl(String token, String entityId) {
		if (entityId != null) {
			return "/entity/" + entityId + prefix + ASYNC_GET + token;
		}
		return prefix + ASYNC_GET + token;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the response class.
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	public Class<? extends AsynchronousResponseBody> getReponseClass() {
		return responseClass;
	}

	/**
	 * The endpoint for this type.
	 *
	 * @return
	 */
	public RestEndpointType getRestEndpoint() {
		return this.restEndpointType;
	}
}


The gear calculator has been designed to help you optimise standard and non-standard spur gear configurations.
The pinion is the driver (or input) gear wheel fitted to the electric or diesel motor output shaft and provides the rotary movement that will be transferred to the driven gear (wheel).
The gear is the driven (output) wheel and has the same tooth height and pitch as the pinion.
If you state the properties of the pinion and the rotational ratio, your gear wheel may be designed fully with no further information, assuming it has the same thickness as the pinion.
All pinions and gear wheels are specified by defining the total number of teeth relative to the pitch diameter of the pinion or gear; the larger the number, the smaller the relative tooth height or the finer the pitch specification. Some typical configurations are shown in Fig 2.
The design standard 'ANSI B6.1' provides a list of recognised diametric pitches, the coarsest being 'π÷10' and the least coarse being 20. The standard's coarsest recognised fine pitch is 24 and their finest is 120. However, according to the standard a diametric pitch of 20 may treated as both coarse and fine.
Whilst you're not limited to the ANSI standard's recognised values, as intermediate pitches are perfectly acceptable from an operational and performance perspective, you may encounter problems with general interchangeability.
Preferred pressure angles (according to ANSI B6.1) are 20° and 25°, although they do recognise other angles for specialist applications. 14½° has been used in the past but is no longer recommended by the standard.
As such, CalQlata recommends that you try to stick to the recommended range of angles.
The force on the mating teeth (gear and pinion) is as a result of the torque applied by the pinion (Fᵗ, Fig 1). The two important components of this force are the contact or bearing force (Fᶜ), which will define the surface hardness of the material you require and the separation force (Fˢ) that will define the strength of your shafts.
As pinion and gear rotate, their teeth should 'roll over' each other. There should be no relative sliding (abrasion) as this will cause excessive wear. This is managed by machining the contact surfaces (sides of the teeth) in the form of an involute curve. The involute curve is based upon the pinion and gear 'base diameters' (Øᵣᴾ and Øᵣᴳ).
As can be seen in Fig 3, mating gears of different diameters should have different profiles according to the appropriate involute curve for the diameter of the gear wheel concerned.
If your pinion or gear has a small diametric pitch (e.g. <6) and a small pressure angle (e.g. ≤20°) its teeth may be wasted at the root making them weak. Whilst a solution to this problem could be to machine the sides of the lower portion of the teeth with parallel sides (Fig 3), care should be taken when employing this modification to the tooth profile as it may result in excessive tip wear of the mating teeth if the rolling action is compromised.
If the teeth are hobbed or shaped using an accurate cutter the standard dedendum factor ('Fᴰ') of 1.25 is preferred as it keeps tooth depth to a minimum thereby minimising bending stresses.
A rack is a gear-wheel of infinite radius, in other words; straight.
As such, its involute curve is also infinite (straight). Therefore, the contact surfaces of the teeth on a rack should be straight (flat) irrespective of the tooth profile of the mating gear.
Whilst you are free to use any material you like for a gear or pinion, even today, the best material for these applications remains carbon steel and alloys thereof.
Free cutting carbon steel (see SAE AISI Special Carbon Steels, 11XX (Free Cutting)) is preferred for gear wheel manufacture because of its good machining properties as a result of its sulphur content. Free cutting carbon steel also has the added advantage of increased strength due to its phosphorus content.
Untreated: Together with the recommended carbon (C) content of 0.25% to 0.5% and the preferred manganese (Mn) content of between 0.5% & 0.8%, currently available SAE carbon steel grades are 1126, 1138, 1140, 1145 and 1151. The higher the grade, the harder the steel will be.
There are a number of manufacturing methods for gear and pinion wheels, e.g. milling, hobbing, shaving, grinding, casting, etc., however, it is always better to forge gear teeth and finish machine the surface profile after heat treatment, as this procedure significantly increases strength and reliability (design life) over fully machined or cast gear teeth.
Given that milling and hobbing requires the use of preformed tools and that these are expensive and that it is unlikely you will not have a tool for exactly the correct profile for pinion and gear, it is acceptable (for one-off assemblies) to use close approximations. Whilst the pitch and tooth depth must be exact, the profile radius may be within 90% of the theoretically correct dimension and the pressure angle should be within 2° in order to minimise operational wear.
This calculator is designed to follow the recommendations of the ANSI standard B6.1-1968, R-1974. Therefore all input dimensions must be in imperial units (lbf, ins and hp) as requested in the calculator.
There is only one calculation option in this calculator and all variations for straight-cut or spur gear wheels are possible within it.
You should size your pinion and its teeth to suit the recommended materials for gear wheel manufacture, e.g. carbon steel (see Material Selection below).
Given that you have decided on using a free-cutting carbon steel (see SAE Special Carbon Steels, 11XX) for the pinion, the maximum permissible bending stress (σᴾ) must be less than or equal to the minimum specified yield stress for the material modified by a suitable utilisation factor.
If your bending stress is 16.5ksi and your bearing stress is 87.4ksi (Fig 4), as the bearing stress is considerably more than twice the bending stress you should use a case hardenable carbon steel. After applying the utilisation factor (0.8) to the bearing stress, the minimum yield strength of the surface material should be about 110ksi. From the SAE Plain Carbon Steels table it can be seen that the hardness associated with this yield stress is between BHN 229 (SAE 1066) and BHN 224 (SAE 1095) along with the associated carbon content between 0.7% and 0.9%. CalQlata would recommend selecting a conditional grade somewhere in the middle of the two, e.g. SAE 1075, which has the correct Mn range, ensuring a surface infusion of 0.85% carbon (BHN 231).
CalQlata's Hardness Conversion calculator may be used to convert between various hardness scales.
Select one of the values provided in the 'Diametric Pitch' drop-box.
Whilst it is normally wise to select a value somewhere between the minimum and maximum limits recommended in the ANSI standard (π÷10 ≤ Pᵈ ≤ 120) you can of course enter any value you like in the 'Diametric Pitch' text-box taking care to ensure that the value entered does not result in badly wasted teeth (see Drawing Your Gear Teeth below).
Should you genuinely need to adopt a non-standard diametric pitch for your pinion-gear assembly that results in an unacceptable tooth profile, it may be possible to correct any shape peculiarities by altering the addendum and/or dedendum factors (Fᴬ and Fᴰ respectively).
In such a case, you should first attempt to achieve the desired result by modifying the two factors equally (normally reducing them by the same amount). If not, it may be possible to correct anomalies by reducing the addendum factor or the dedendum factor only.
Helical gears are used to facilitate gear engagement and disengagement with minimal baulking, noise and or damage. The profile of helical gears are exactly the same as straight-cut gears but rotated through the helical angle.
The difference between helical gears and straight-cut gears is largely the fact that torque transfer is less efficient in that there is a third force-component trying to separate the gears laterally as well as radially. However, helical gears with little or no backlash will lose much less of the torque transfer than an assembly that allows for relative deflection through backlash.
The gear calculator provides 'x,y' drawing co-ordinates for both the pinion and the gear teeth. These are listed below the output data in the 'Data Listing' window. You simply copy and paste the lists into your preferred spreadsheet and use its chart generation procedure to draw them.
CalQlata's website technical help page ('Plotting Your Curve') for our Catenary calculator provides a detailed description of the use of this procedure using Microsoft's Excel spreadsheet.
After producing this chart, you can save the chart to disk as an 'emf' file (enhanced metafile), reload it into your preferred graphics package, 'ungroup' or 'open' the metafile and delete all but the tooth profile lines.
You can then copy, paste and orientate each tooth according to its angular pitch, join them together and produce a complete or part gear⁽⁴⁾. We have generated the assembly shown in Fig 5 using 'Excel' and 'Xara' computer programs.
Whilst the output data in this calculator is completely accurate, i.e. no expected error, the 'x,y' co-ordinates for the pinion and gear may result errors of zero to around 0.001" and are therefore provided for drawing purposes only.
Bearing stress will always look high in theoretical calculations, but if it appears to exceed minimum yield strength for the material, this will not mean component failure, simply that the material will flatten locally until the contact area is sufficiently increased to bring the bearing stress down to yield.


Google Plus' stringent real-names-only policy appears to be hurting the new social networking site's popularity among activists worldwide. Will Google ever change their approach?
Social networking sites are intertwined with revolutions and unrest these days. Protests organized by Facebook played a key part in bringing down the Egyptian government. Protesters in Egypt's Takhrir Square used the microblogging service to organize community services at their rallies and to stay in touch with sympathetic outsiders, there. Syrian rebels are using YouTube to disseminate atrocity footage to the outside world. In London, rioters are organizing via BlackBerry messages. Why not Google+ then?
Several structural issues, some intended and others probably not, have so far kept activists and protesters from embracing Google's new, fast-growing social network. That's despite the facts that: Egyptian Google executive and revolutionary Wael Ghonim has a presence on Google+; and tech activists worldwide have been clamoring for a decent alternative to Facebook, whose habit of changing privacy and security features, terms, and conditions rankles hackers and the EFF.
When it comes to starting and keeping a revolution going in the right direction, Google's (usually) unambiguous real-names-only policy for Google+ gets in the way. Google might even be breaking its own Google+ policy, but we'll get to that in a minute.
Google+ requires users to use their real names. Accounts using pseudonyms have been deleted and organizations (including Fast Company) have no framework with which to create Google+ accounts in their name. Social media ethnographer Danah Boyd of Microsoft Research New England has made a compelling case that Google's requirement is an abuse of power. According to Boyd, activists, abuse survivors, women, young people, and LGBT people are effectively victimized by real-names-only policies for social networking. It is not hard to imagine a situation where, say, the victim of stalking, a homosexual in a small town, or an activist in a repressive country might feel marginalized by Google+'s real-names-only rules.
Disappointing privacy policies are part and parcel of online culture. Free social networking sites such as Facebook and YouTube stay in business by profiting off the personal information of their non-paying users; it's a devil's bargain that sustains the web these days. But these policies also harm activists in repressive regimes.
Google+'s embrace of data liberation–the ability to share data used on the social networking site with other services–is another factor which may encourage activists to use the social networking site.
Maybe there is hope for activists who want to use pseudonyms on Google+, though. As of August 8, a profile appeared on Google+ that looks like it may have come from Google itself, and appears to break the company's own Google+ pseudonymous users policy. With this profile, it appears that Google is using a pseudonym to recruit college interns to a series of open house events in the Bay Area.
Whether this signals a turn of policy at Google+ is also unknown; as of press time, Google had not replied to Fast Company's queries.
Update: A Google spokesperson informed Fast Company that the most current edition of their Google+ policies are available here. No official comment was given on the pseudonym-using Google+ page shown below; the page was taken offline shortly after Fast Company's article was posted.
For more stories like this, follow @fastcompany on Twitter. Email Neal Ungerleider, the author of this article, here or find him on Twitter. Yes, he's on Google+ also.


text:
Ming Dynasty Achievements
Ming Dynasty Art
Ming Dynasty Clothing
Ming Dynasty Culture
Ming Dynasty Economy
Ming Dynasty Geography
Ming Dynasty Government
Ming Dynasty Inventions
Ming Dynasty Military
Ming Dynasty Religion
Ming Dynasty Social Structure
The Ming era is known to be one of the three golden eras of China - the Han and the Tang dynasties being the other two. During the reign, the Ming Dynasty economy achieved great improvements in agriculture, technology, trade and also manufacturing. The economy was quickly showing signs of capitalism and prosperity during this era as well.
The manufacturing industry became advanced and was involved in producing numerous products during the Ming Dynasty era. Iron was also produced at a very high rate compared to other dynasties.
The dynasty used Han policies and privatized many industries, including salt and tea. The economy was propelled by very powerful and wealthy traders.
Ming rulers eliminated forced labor practices and brought change in this industry through paying wages to many labors in the factories. During this era, around 300 factories were involved in making pots and were all run by the waged labor forces.
Farmers practiced the crop rotation method while plowing was made easier by water. This greatly improved agricultural output. All this formed the basis for the Ming market economy. Depending on the type of soil in a certain region, crops such as tea and fruits were grown.
The market economy also made it more possible for the farmers to cultivate large pieces of land for cash crop production. Cash crops were important to agriculture because the land quality was decreasing and the population was rising. Generally, there were three types of markets in this era - rural market, urban-rural market, and national market.
Commerce, trade, and investment thrived during the Ming era because of the liberalized economy. The Chinese created canals for irrigation, roads, bridges and transportation. The trade of this dynasty got as far as Europe which opened gates for the economic development. Actually, overseas trade brought about 300 million silver taels to China.
COPYRIGHT © 2014 TheMingDynasty.org. All rights reserved. | Privacy | Terms | Contact

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Burden of physical, psychological and social ill-health during and after pregnancy among women in India, Pakistan, Kenya and Malawi
Poor physical, social and psychological health is costing pregnant women their life in India
RANJEET S MAHLA, SARITA KUMARI
RANJEET S MAHLA, Research and Development Indian Institution of Science Education and Research (IISER) Bhopal, India, 462066.
SARITA KUMARI, Master Student
To an extent, poverty is the root cause of all illness (physical, social and psychological) and it also stands true to pregnancy-related complications. Both poverty and economic biases have been cited the strong cause of pregnancy-related deaths in India (1, 2). Inadequate healthcare infrastructures, lack of skilled attendance at the delivery site, un-optimized nursing care in maternity wards in post-delivery time, unprofessional attitude exhibited by hospital staffs, socioeconomic discriminations and marginalization, systemic corruption and improper dissemination of medical treatments are life-threatening to the pregnant women's and/or to their newborn (2).
Issues like post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) are quite manageable, but nothing pursued with effectiveness. Albeit Janani Suraksha Yojana is playing the crucial role in the promotion of institutional deliveries through availing incentives, but still, lots of uninstitutional delivers are in practice across India (3). In 2016, maternity mortality rate for India was reported as 174 deaths per 100,000 live births that counts to 5 death/hour or 45,000 deaths/year (4). The issue loudly states that Indian healthcare system is failing to achieve with sustainable development goals and the made signs of progress in the health care system are not sufficient enough to meet the standards. Moreover, the lawsuits and healthcare system do not have any accountabilities and catch holds on foul acts happening with whatever cited...
Issues like post-partum hemorrhage (PPH) are quite manageable, but nothing pursued with effectiveness. Albeit Janani Suraksha Yojana is playing the crucial role in the promotion of institutional deliveries through availing incentives, but still, lots of uninstitutional delivers are in practice across India (3). In 2016, maternity mortality rate for India was reported as 174 deaths per 100,000 live births that counts to 5 death/hour or 45,000 deaths/year (4). The issue loudly states that Indian healthcare system is failing to achieve with sustainable development goals and the made signs of progress in the health care system are not sufficient enough to meet the standards. Moreover, the lawsuits and healthcare system do not have any accountabilities and catch holds on foul acts happening with whatever cited reasons (5). Since centuries, the burden of pregnancy-related sufferings is very high in African and Asian countries. With all said above, I strongly commend the authors (1) for the challenges they have taken towards estimation of the pregnancy-related health crisis in India, Pakistan, Kenya, and Malavi. Regularization, standardization, and effectiveness are warned in pregnancy cares. In summary, India needs to act fast and effective to achieve the set sustainable developmental goals for safeguarding women's health.
(1)	McCauley M, Madaj B, White SA, et al. Burden of physical, psychological and social ill-health during and after pregnancy among women in India, Pakistan, Kenya and Malawi. BMJ Glob Health 2018;3:e000625 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000625).
(2)	Maternal deaths in India are caused mainly by poverty and economic disparity, not malnutrition. https://www.firstpost.com/india/maternal-deaths-in-india-are-caused-main... (Accessed on 6 May 2018).
(3)	Janani Suraksha Yojana - National Health Mission. http://nhm.gov.in/nrhm-components/rmnch-a/maternal-health/janani-suraksh.... (Accessed on 6 May 2018).
(4)	Maternal mortality in 1990-2015 WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group, and United Nations Population Division Maternal Mortality Estimation Inter-Agency Group INDIA http://www.who.int/gho/maternal_health/countries/ind.pdf (Accessed on 6 May 2018).
(5)	WAITING FOR DOCS FOR 1 HR, PREGNANT WOMAN DIES OUTSIDE HOSPITAL. https://mumbaimirror.indiatimes.com/mumbai/crime/waiting-for-docs-for-1-.... (Accessed on 6 May 2018).
Conflict of Interest:


Serge Tripet has become global head of sea-air product for Damco – a newly created role in Damco's Airfreight department based in Copenhagen.
Tripet will be responsible for strengthening Damco's sea-air product and has experience with field management, air cargo logistic and sea-air uplift.
He has held various management positions with Swissair and SWISS, Swissport and most recently as director cargo for Gulf Air. In his various functions, he has been based in China, Singapore, Switzerland and Bahrain.


Today is one of those painting days, where you have time to paint, your all excited and nothing seems to go right. Its a struggle and you doubt everything you do. I finally had to stop to take a breather. I think I wiped off more paint than I left on! I have a great thing for that too, baby wipes! I love them, if you put something on the canvas and you know immediately you don't like it you can grab a baby wipe and wipe off what you don't like. I have noticed that you need to be working with good paint, like Golden or Liquitex because if its the cheap kind the baby wipe will wipe off the dried paint too.
So here is the continuation of my bird painting.
So here are my dark triangles, I had dots in them and it made them look like Christmas Trees so I covered them up and it got a bit dark. I was also struggling with the dark triangles not sure if I was liking them and asked for advice from artistic friends that I value their opinion. A few of them thought the middle triangle was a bit distracting, I agreed.
My attempt to cover it up… I also had this idea of a diamond shape, but what to do with it?
At this point I am thinking, I really messed it up, I should of left it. I kept on trying new things and nothing was working. So I took out my baby wipes and wiped away!
And here is where I left it. I like the idea of the diamond shapes being something like jewelry or a design on the body. If it was up to me I would cut the canvas in half. I really like the top part, its the bottom and middle part that I am not in love with.
As I sit here writing I got an idea… hmmmm… I may have to use some chalk and see if it works. I'll let you know.
I had to add this photo… My drafting table. Yes that is Broccoli and celery and a mushroom top you see. I learned today that Broccoli makes a really cool mark when using it with Fluid Paint!! So fun!
This entry was posted in 2014, September on September 19, 2014 by Janine.
I like the new diamond in the middle. It was looking a bit dark at first. Maybe do something with the triangles on either side?


Members of the Korle Klottey constituency of the Convention People's Party (CPP) in the Greater Accra Region, on Saturday morning marched through the principal streets of the constituency in remembrance of the overthrow of Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana's first president post-independence.
The opposition National Democratic Congress (NDC) goes to the polls today to elect its flag bearer for the 2020 presidential election.
Voting is underway in the flag bearer race of the opposition National Democratic Congress.
The opposition National Democratic Congress (NDC) has denied having militia groups in the party.
President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo on Friday held a day's meeting with the presidents of Cote d'Ivoire, Togo, Benin and Burkina Faso in Accra.
Former President John Dramani Mahama has accused the New Patriotic Party (NPP) administration of borrowing recklessly over the past two years.
The government last Wednesday laid a Bill in Parliament to allow for the election of Metropolitan, Municipal and District Chief Executives (MMDCEs) in the country.
Come tomorrow, almost 280,000 delegates of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) are expected to cast their vote to elect a flag bearer to represent the party in the upcoming 2020 Election.
The General Secretary of the opposition National Democratic Congress (NDC), Mr Johnson Asiedu Nketiah has discounted the claim that a mere meeting between the NDC and the New Patriotic Party (NPP), could help solve the menace of political vigilantism in Ghana.
Former President Jerry John Rawlings says President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo's 2019 State of the Nation's address was "disarming."
The deputy Minority Leader in Parliament, James Klutse Avedzi has questioned President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo's failure to speak on the depreciating cedi in his 2019 State of the Nation Address in Parliament on Thursday.
Parliament Thursday morning hosted the President, Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, who was in the Chamber to discharge an important constitutional assignment to update Ghanaians on the state of affairs in the country.
President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo has called on the leadership of the two main leading political parties, National Democratic Congress (NDC) and the New Patriotic Party (NPP) to help find a lasting solution the menace of political vigilantism in Ghana.
President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo says he is committed to running a responsible administration.
Parliament will today host the President, Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo, who will be in the Chamber to discharge an important constitutional assignment to update Ghanaians on the state of affairs in the country.
The Chief Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Ms Fatou Bensouda, has dismissed the widely held perception in Africa that the Court is selective, targeting mainly African nations.


We believe in sharing the fruits of our labor in the communities where we live and work.
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Founded in 1987, the Connecticut Sports Foundation provides funds to Connecticut cancer patients for rent/mortgage, utilities, transportation, medications and more.
Greg Hammond, Scott Iles, clients and friends enjoyed hearing President Bill Clinton's inspiring message in celebration of the CT Forum's 20th anniversary.
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Working in SOL
From 2012 to today
The history of SOL Group starts in 1927 with Giovanni Annoni and Aldo Fumagalli from Monza, who started up two factories to produce oxygen and acetylene in Italy, one in Leghorn and the other in Ancona. 90 years later, SOL Group is a multinational company active in Europe, Asia, Africa and South America with more than 4,000 employees.
During the 80s SOL started its geographical expansion, establishing the first two branches outside Italy and this expansion is still happening today.
In 2012 SOL Group established BTG Gases in Kent, UK.
Initially BTG Gases was active in the medical sector, supplying medical gases to NHS and private hospitals, clinics and surgeries.
In 2013 BTG Gases was awarded on the National Framework Agreement for the supply of Nitric Oxide (NO): this gas is mainly used in Critical Care Units for a range of applications and requires extremely accurate dosing and continuous monitoring of the level of Nitric Oxide being administered to the patient. Our innovative business model combined with a gold standard service in terms of
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Since 2016, BTG Gases has also started offering industrial and scientific gases, which can be supplied either directly from our site in Kent or through our network of agents.
More information on SOL Group can be found here: www.solgroup.com


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There are total 6 letters in Narial, Starting with N and ending with L.
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In Narial N is 14th, A is 1st, R is 18th, I is 9th, L is 12th letters in Alphabet Series.


Hey, and hello, and happy Monday scrappy friends!!
Today I am playing along with the March challenges. Well, the March challenge, both have been rolled into one which was a bit different and fun!
And here is my process video over on the ScrappingClearly YT channel.
As I'm certain you noticed, I ended up flipping the page and am really happy with my end result.
I've used some Dylusions acrylic paint in Polished Jade with my silicone brush to apply my first messy layer on the background, sticking fairly closely to the sketch.
In line with the sketch my next layer was some watered down black gesso. I found a cool little dropper tool that had been buried in my stash but you could very easily use a big paint brush or a pipette to get the same effect by splattering from high above the page.
I added some pink as a mat under my 3 photos using some of the Heidi Swapp Minc cardstock. I've added more pink using some of the Heidi Swapp pink foil on the title - using the Minc Alpha Stickers - and the subtitle - using one of the Jumbo Words.
With the background being so bright, colourful and busy I didn't feel like I needed to add much more so I added my journalling, which I typed up in strips, and 2 of the Heidi Swapp Sequin Shapes - Disco Arrows and one of the Cocoa Vanilla Studios You Rock Rubber Charm pieces.
I have added 2 dates on this page - firstly the date the photos were taken, and secondly the date the page was made/journalling done. I think I will pop this in his current album so the journalling continues in chronological order.
Make sure you play along with our challenge this month for your chance to win a store voucher. Head over here to the FB page to upload your entry to the correct album. I can't wait to see how you interpret this month's 2-in-1 challenge!!
Such a Bright boy page just love it Melinda!


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Home » Context of '1980s and 1990s: Most 9/11 Hijackers Have Middle-Class Backgrounds'
Context of '1980s and 1990s: Most 9/11 Hijackers Have Middle-Class Backgrounds'
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1980s and 1990s: Most 9/11 Hijackers Have Middle-Class Backgrounds
Mohamed Atta's father, Mohamed el-Amir. [Source: History Channel]Most of the future 9/11 hijackers are middle class and have relatively comfortable upbringings, even though, after 9/11, some people in Western countries will say one of the root causes of the attacks was poverty and assume that the hijackers must have been poor. The editor of Al Watan, a Saudi Arabian daily, will call the hijackers "middle class adventurers" rather than Islamist fundamentalist ideologues. [Boston Globe, 3/3/2002]
Mohamed Atta grows up in Cairo, Egypt. His father is an attorney, and both Atta and his two sisters attend university. [McDermott, 2005, pp. 10-11]
Marwan Alshehhi is from Ras al-Khaimah Emirate in the United Arab Emirates. His family is not particularly wealthy, but his father is a muezzin and one of his half-brothers a policeman. He attends university in Germany on a UAE army scholarship (see Spring 1996-December 23, 2000). [McDermott, 2005, pp. 55]
Ziad Jarrah is from Beirut, Lebanon. His father is a mid-level bureaucrat and his mother, from a well-off family, is a teacher. The family drives a Mercedes and Jarrah attends private Christian schools before going to study in Germany. [Federal Bureau of Investigation, 4/19/2002; McDermott, 2005, pp. 49-50]
Hani Hanjour is from Taif, near Mecca in Saudi Arabia. His family has a car exporting business and a farm, which he manages for five years in the mid-1990s. [Washington Post, 10/15/2001]
Nawaf and Salem Alhazmi are from Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Their father owns a shop and the family is wealthy. [Arab News, 9/20/2001; Wright, 2006, pp. 378]
Abdulaziz Alomari is from southwestern Saudi Arabia. He is a university graduate (see Late 1990s). He apparently marries and has a child, a daughter, before 9/11. [Sunday Times (London), 1/27/2002; Saudi Information Agency, 9/11/2002; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 232]
Mohand Alshehri is from Tanooma in Asir Province, Saudi Arabia. He attends university (see Late 1990s). [Saudi Information Agency, 9/11/2002]
Hamza Alghamdi is from Baha Province, Saudi Arabia. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 231] He works as a stockboy in a housewares shop. [Boston Globe, 3/3/2002]
Fayez Ahmed Banihammad is from the United Arab Emirates. He gives his home address as being in Khor Fakkan, a port and enclave of Sharjah Emirate on the country's east coast. [US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Alexandria Division, 7/31/2006] The 9/11 Commission will say he works as an immigration officer at one point. [9/11 Commission, 8/21/2004, pp. 20 ]
Maqed Mojed is from Annakhil, near Medina in western Saudi Arabia. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 232] He attends university (see Late 1990s).
Ahmed Alhaznawi is from Hera, Baha Province. His father is an imam at the local mosque and he is reported to attend university (see Late 1990s).
Ahmed Alnami is from Abha, Asir Province. His family is one of government officials and scientists, and his father works for the Ministry of Islamic Affairs. He attends university (see Late 1990s). [Daily Telegraph, 9/15/2002]
Wail Alshehi and Waleed Alshehri are from Khamis Mushayt in Asir Province, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Their father is a businessman and builds a mosque as a gift to the town. They both go to college (see Late 1990s). The Alshehris are from a military family and have three older brothers who hold high rank at the nearby airbase. Their uncle, Major General Faez Alshehri, is the logistical director of Saudi Arabia's armed forces. [Boston Globe, 3/3/2002] Dr. Ali al-Mosa, a Saudi academic, will later comment: "Most of them were from very rich, top-class Saudi families. The father of the Alshehri boys is one of the richest people in the area and the other families are not far behind him." [Sydney Morning Herald, 10/5/2002]
The social situation of the families of Satam al Suqami, Ahmed Alghamdi, Saeed Alghamdi, and Khaled Almihdhar is unknown. However, Almihdhar is from a distinguished family that traces its lineage back to the Prophet Muhammad. [Wright, 2006, pp. 379]
Entity Tags: Mohamed Atta, Khalid Almihdhar, Majed Moqed, Marwan Alshehhi, Mohand Alshehri, Salem Alhazmi, Saeed Alghamdi, Ziad Jarrah, Nawaf Alhazmi, Wail Alshehri, Hani Hanjour, Satam Al Suqami, Hamza Alghamdi, Waleed Alshehri, Ali al-Mosa, Abdulaziz Alomari, Ahmed Alghamdi, Ahmed Alnami, Fayez Ahmed Banihammad, Ahmed Alhaznawi
1993-1995: Former US Intelligence Agent and Arms Dealer Victor Bout Develop Town that Becomes Hub for Al-Qaeda and the 9/11 Plot
Richard Chichakli. [Source: Public domain]In the spring of 1993, Victor Bout moves to Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and begins to use it as the central hub of expanding business empire. Bout is an ex-Russian military officer and is rapidly developing an international network to buy, sell, and transport illegal goods, mostly weapons. The UAE is centrally located for his needs, and it has no money laundering laws, low taxes, and very lax banking regulations. Sharjah International Airport has almost no air passenger traffic at the time, being overshadowed by the popular airport in Dubai a short distance away. So the airport establishes a niche as an air cargo hub by offering tax incentives for cargo companies. In 1993, Richard Chichakli becomes friends and business partners with Bout. In 1995, Sharjah airport hires Chichakli to be the commercial manager of a new free trade zone now being heavily used by Bout. Chichakli, a Syrian by birth, has an interesting background. He claims to have been friends with Osama bin Laden while studying in Saudi Arabia in the early 1980s. He will later claim that he used to "sit around and eat sandwiches and sing songs" with bin Laden and his siblings, back when "Osama was OK." In 1986, he moved to Texas, became a US citizen, and served in the US army until 1993, specializing in aviation, interrogation, and intelligence. He will later claim that he not only served in the US military, but also spent about 18 years working in intelligence (which, if true, would mean he was an intelligence agent when he was friends with bin Laden). Chichakli's free trade zone is wildly successful. [Center for Public Integrity, 11/20/2002; Farah and Braun, 2007, pp. 53-56] In 2000, US investigators will learn that Chichakli is living in Texas again and is still working closely with Bout. [Farah and Braun, 2007, pp. 53] However, no action will be taken against him until April 26, 2005, when US Treasury and FBI agents raid his home and business in Texas. They will seize his computer, documents, and over $1 million in assets as part of an investigation into Bout's financial empire, but they will not arrest him. Chichakli will not be stopped when he leaves the US several days later. He will move to Syria, where it is later suspected that he and Bout supply Hezbollah with weapons (see July 2006). [Farah and Braun, 2007, pp. 247-248] Meanwhile, Sharjah and its airport will become a hub for al-Qaeda and the 9/11 plot. By 1996, there are daily flights between Afghanistan and Sharjah, and al-Qaeda uses Sharjah for drug and arms smuggling (see Mid-1996-October 2001). 9/11 mastermind Khalid Shaikh Mohammed will live in Sharjah in 1998 (see July 8, 1999), and 9/11 plot facilitator Mustafa Ahmed al-Hawsawi will be based in Sharjah in the months before the 9/11 attacks. Some of the 9/11 hijackers will pass through there and visit him (see Early-Late June, 2001).
Entity Tags: Victor Bout, Richard Chichakli
Spring 1996-December 23, 2000: United Arab Emirates Army Pays for Hijacker Alshehhi's Studies
A poor photocopy of Marwan Alshehhi's United Arab Emirates passport. [Source: FBI]Marwan Alshehhi, a United Arab Emirates (UAE) national, volunteered for the UAE army shortly after leaving high school (presumably in late 1995, based on his age). After going through basic training, in the spring of 1996 he is granted a college scholarship to Germany, paid for by the UAE army. Alshehhi is to learn German, then study marine engineering. The scholarship is accompanied by a monthly stipend of around $2,200. The UAE army declares him a deserter in April 2000, shortly before he quits school and moves to the US (see April 1, 2000). It is not clear why. Curiously, Alshehhi will continue to receive this stipend despite being a deserter, and even after he drops out of school in Germany and begins attending flight school in the US. The stipend comes to an end in December 2000. [9/11 Commission, 8/21/2004, pp. 132 ; McDermott, 2005, pp. 53-56, 196]
Entity Tags: Marwan Alshehhi, United Arab Emirates
Mid-1996-October 2001: Ariana Airlines Becomes Transport Arm of Al-Qaeda and Taliban
In 1996, al-Qaeda assumes control of Ariana Airlines, Afghanistan's national airline, for use in its illegal trade network. Passenger flights become few and erratic, as planes are used to fly drugs, weapons, gold, and personnel, primarily between Afghanistan, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Pakistan. The Emirate of Sharjah, in the UAE, becomes a hub for al-Qaeda drug and arms smuggling. Typically, "large quantities of drugs" are flown from Kandahar, Afghanistan, to Sharjah, and large quantities of weapons are flown back to Afghanistan. [Los Angeles Times, 11/18/2001] About three to four flights run the route each day. Many weapons come from Victor Bout, a notorious Russian arms dealer based in Sharjah. [Los Angeles Times, 1/20/2002] Afghan taxes on opium production are paid in gold, and then the gold bullion is flown to Dubai, UAE, and laundered into cash. [Washington Post, 2/17/2002] Taliban officials regularly provide militants with false papers identifying them as Ariana Airlines employees so they can move freely around the world. For instance, one flight on a Ariana small plane in 2000 lists 33 crew members. A former National Security Council official later claims the US is well aware at the time that al-Qaeda agents regularly fly on Ariana Airlines. (However, US intelligence will not learn of the widespread use of forged Ariana IDs until after 9/11.) The CIA learns of Bout's connection to Ariana and the Taliban in 1998, but takes no action (see 1998). The US presses the UAE for tighter banking controls, but moves "delicately, not wanting to offend an ally in an already complicated relationship," and little changes by 9/11. [Los Angeles Times, 11/18/2001; Farah and Braun, 2007, pp. 139] Much of the money for the 9/11 hijackers flows though these Sharjah, UAE, channels. There also are reports suggesting that Ariana Airlines might have been used to train Islamic militants as pilots. The illegal use of Ariana Airlines helps convince the United Nations to impose sanctions against Afghanistan in 1999, but the sanctions lack teeth and do not stop the airline. A second round of sanctions finally stops foreign Ariana Airlines flights, but its charter flights and other charter services keep the illegal network running. [Los Angeles Times, 11/18/2001] About nine of the 9/11 hijackers work at the Kandahar airport in 2000, which is Ariana's main hub (see Summer 2000).
Entity Tags: Taliban, United Arab Emirates, United Nations, Al-Qaeda, Ariana Airlines, Victor Bout
Late 1990s: Many Hijackers Attend University in Saudi Arabia and Elsewhere
Wail Alshehri graduated from teacher training college. [Source: FBI]At least ten of the alleged hijackers attend various universities in Saudi Arabia, Germany, and Egypt. However, most of them drop out, and apparently only three, Mohamed Atta, Abdulaziz Alomari, and Wail Alshehri, graduate. The 9/11 Commission will comment, "Several of the muscle hijackers seem to have been recruited through contacts at local universities and mosques."
Wail Alshehri attends a teacher-training college in Abha, Asir Province. He graduates and gets a job as a teacher in his hometown of Khamis Mushayt before joining the plot. [Arab News, 9/18/2001; MSNBC, 8/25/2002; Saudi Information Agency, 9/11/2002; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 232-3] Some sources will state he teaches physical education. [Arab News, 9/18/2001; New York Times, 9/21/2001; Sunday Times (London), 1/27/2002; Boston Globe, 3/3/2002; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 526] Other sources will state he teaches art. [ABC News, 3/15/2002; MSNBC, 8/25/2002]
Waleed Alshehri also attends the same college, but does not complete his studies. [Arab News, 9/18/2001; Saudi Information Agency, 9/11/2002; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 232]
Abdulaziz Alomari graduates from the Imam Mohammed Bin Saud University in Buraidah, Qassim Province. [Sunday Times (London), 1/27/2002; Saudi Information Agency, 9/11/2002; Burke, 2004, pp. 247; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 232-3]
Ahmed Alhaznawi reportedly studies at the Umm Al-Qura University in Mecca for two months before dropping out. [Saudi Information Agency, 9/11/2002]
Mohand Alshehri attends the Imam Mohammed Bin Saud University in Abha for a time before transferring to its main campus in Riyadh. He fails his exams, apparently because he spends too much time in Qassim Province. [Arab News, 9/20/2001; Saudi Information Agency, 9/11/2002; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 233]
According to author Jason Burke, Majed Moqed attends the Imam Mohammed Bin Saud University in Buraidah, Qassim Province. [Burke, 2004, pp. 247] Alternatively, the Saudi Information Agency and Arab News will say he attended the Administration and Economics faculty at the King Saud University in Riyadh. [Arab News, 9/20/2001; Saudi Information Agency, 9/11/2002] He drops out before completing his studies. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 232]
Saeed Alghamdi transfers to a university in Qassim Province, but soon stops talking to his family and drops out of school without telling them. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 233]
According to most sources, Ahmed Alnami attends the King Khaled School of Islamic Law in Abha. [Arab News, 9/20/2001; Boston Globe, 3/3/2002; Daily Telegraph, 9/15/2002; Burke, 2004, pp. 247; 9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 232] However, the Saudi Information Agency will say he attended the Imam Mohammed Bin Saud University there. [Saudi Information Agency, 9/11/2002]
According to the 9/11 Commission, Satam Al Suqami has little education. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 232] However, the Saudi Information Agency will say he attends the King Saud University in Riyadh with Majed Moqed. [Saudi Information Agency, 9/11/2002]
One report will also say that Fayez Ahmed Banihammad attends the King Khalid University in Abha, Asir Province (despite being a citizen of the United Arab Emirates). [Daily Telegraph, 9/15/2002]
Mohamed Atta attends university in Egypt, and he, Marwan Alshehhi, and Ziad Jarrah also attend university in Germany (see Spring 1996-December 23, 2000). [McDermott, 2005, pp. 49-53]
Entity Tags: Majed Moqed, Abdulaziz Alomari, Ahmed Alhaznawi, Mohand Alshehri, Saeed Alghamdi, Satam Al Suqami, Ahmed Alnami, Waleed Alshehri, Sulayman al-Alwan, Fayez Ahmed Banihammad, Wail Alshehri
1999-2000: Two 9/11 Hijackers Radicalized by Saudi Education System
Abdulaziz Alomari, from a video apparently made in spring 2001. [Source: As Sahab]Two of the alleged 9/11 hijackers, Abdulaziz Alomari and Ahmed Alnami, are apparently radicalized by the education system in Saudi Arabia. Abdulaziz Alomari is an Islamic law graduate (see Late 1990s) and serves as a prayer leader at his mosque. At university in Qassim Province, he studies under radical cleric Sulayman al-Alwan. The 9/11 Commission will say that al-Alwan's mosque is "known among moderate clerics as a 'terrorist factory.' The Province is at the very heart of the strict Wahhabi movement in Saudi Arabia." Al-Alwan is reportedly spiritual advisor to al-Qaeda logistics manager Abu Zubaida and is in telephone contact with Hamed al-Sulami, an associate of Hani Hanjour (see July 10, 2001). [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 232-3, 521] Ahmed Alnami leads a carefree life until 1999, but then becomes more pious after returning from a Saudi-government sponsored training camp, growing a beard and shunning his old friends. He reportedly sings the call to prayer at the al-Basra mosque in the city of Abha and, occasionally, another mosque in Khamis Mushayt, a nearby town where some of the other hijackers live. [Arab News, 9/19/2001; Arab News, 9/20/2001; Boston Globe, 3/3/2002] He is also reported to be a prayer leader in Abha. [Washington Post, 9/25/2001; Independent, 9/27/2001; Saudi Information Agency, 9/11/2002] However, after 9/11 his father will say that he "practiced religion like most of us do." [ABC News, 3/15/2002]
Entity Tags: Abdulaziz Alomari, Ahmed Alnami
July 1999-November 2000: Hijacker Alshehhi Receives $100,000 from His Half-Brother
Hijacker Marwan Alshehhi receives about $100,000 from an account in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, during this time. [Financial Times, 11/30/2001; Newsweek, 12/2/2001; US Congress, 9/26/2002; 9/11 Commission, 8/21/2004, pp. 132 ] The money is apparently sent by Mohamed Yousef Mohamed Alqusaidi, believed to be Alshehhi's half-brother. Alqusaidi had been sending money to Alshehhi in Germany since at least March 1998. The account is closed around late 2000 and the balance withdrawn in cash. [US Congress, 9/26/2002] Alquasaidi will go to Germany to look for Alshehhi in December 2000 after Alshehhi hasn't communicated with his family for a long time. Although Alshehhi calls his family later that month, Alquasaidi's payments to him stop (see December 2000). The origin of the money is not clear, although Alshehhi was receiving a monthly stipend of approximately $2,200 from the United Arab Emirates army (see Spring 1996-December 23, 2000). [McDermott, 2005, pp. 54] At least $12,000 of this money is used to fund Alshehhi in the US (see January 15, 2000-August 2001 and June 13-September 25, 2000). Several other hijackers also have bank accounts in the UAE (see December 5, 2000). [US Congress, 9/26/2002]
Entity Tags: Marwan Alshehhi, Germany, Mohamed Yousef Mohamed Alqusaidi
July 8, 1999: FBI Told KSM Is Living in United Arab Emirates
In 2008, the website Intelwire.com will obtain a declassified FBI document from this date. The content is heavily redacted, including the title, but the full title appears to be, "Summary of information obtained from the United Arab Emirates with regard to Manila Air fugitive Khalid Shaikh Mohammed." The document appears to detail a briefing by United Arab Emirates (UAE) officials from the General Department of State Security to FBI officials visiting the UAE. It mentions that Khalid Shaikh Mohammed (KSM) "who was reported to be in _____ during mid-1998, is still currently living in Sharjah, UAE, with his family." The report also mentions that "in July 1998, authorities from ______ based on information probably obtained from Qatar, located KSM living and working in ____. After questioning him about his activities with the [Muslim Brotherhood], he was deported to Bahrain." [Federal Bureau of Investigation, 7/8/1999 ] The 9/11 Commission will later mention this document a single time, and reveal that one of the redacted sections discusses KSM's links to the Abu Sayyaf militant group in the Philippines. [9/11 Commission, 7/24/2004, pp. 488] Sharjah is a major hub of al-Qaeda activity at this time (see Mid-1996-October 2001), and one of the 9/11 hijackers, Fayez Ahmed Banihammad, is from the emirate of Sharjah (see 1980s and 1990s). 9/11 plot facilitator Mustafa Ahmed al-Hawsawi will be based in Sharjah in the months before the 9/11 attacks, and some of the 9/11 hijackers will pass through there and visit him (see Early-Late June, 2001). It is not known what action US intelligence takes in response to this briefing.
Entity Tags: Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Muslim Brotherhood, General Department of State Security
April 1, 2000: 9/11 Hijacker Alshehhi Considered Deserter from United Arab Emirates Army
9/11 hijacker Marwan Alshehhi is a soldier in the United Arab Emirates army, and is studying in Germany on a scholarship paid for by the army. However, an FBI timeline will later note that on April 1, 2000, Alshehhi is "removed from the armed forces for the crime of desertion." [Federal Bureau of Investigation, 10/2001, pp. 59 ] It is not known what the source of this information is, or why it is considered that he had deserted. Curiously, the UAE army will continue to pay for Alshehhi's studies until the end of 2000 (see Spring 1996-December 23, 2000).
Entity Tags: United Arab Emirates, Marwan Alshehhi
December 2000: 9/11 Hijacker Alshehhi Goes Missing; Family, German Police, and UAE Government Look for Him
Future 9/11 hijacker Marwan Alshehhi goes missing, and his family, German police, and United Arab Emirates (UAE) officials look for him until he finally calls and says he is okay.
Alshehhi Goes Missing - Alshehhi is a citizen from the UAE. In the spring of 2000, Alshehhi spent time with his family in the UAE before returning to Germany. He called his mother periodically after that (his father had already died), but the calls grew less frequent. In April 2000, Alshehhi was removed from the UAE army for the crime of desertion (see April 1, 2000). During the Islamic holy month of Ramadan in December 2000, Alshehhi does not call his mother at all. His mother grows alarmed and calls the UAE embassy in Germany. UAE officials contact the Technical University in Harburg, near Hamburg, where Alshehhi is supposed to be studying, and find out that he has not been there for a year and he has been removed from the school's registration rolls. Local German police open a missing person investigation, but are unable to find him. On December 23, 2000, the UAE army stops paying for Alshehhi's studies (see Spring 1996-December 23, 2000).
Alshehhi's Half-Brother Leads a Search - Finally, Alshehhi's mother sends his half-brother Mohamed Yousef Mohamed Alqusaidi to Germany to look for him. A UAE embassy official spends several days traveling with Alqusaidi in Bonn and Hamburg looking for Alshehhi, but without success. A UAE official will later say: "We knew he was not going to school and the Germans never had this. We were trying to get him back. We were trying to track him." In Harburg, they talk to Mounir El Motassadeq, who says that Alshehhi has gone to Chechnya or Afghanistan. Alqusaidi returns to the UAE.
Alshehhi Calls and Lies about What He's Doing - Later in the month, Alshehhi calls his family and says that stories about him being out of Germany are wrong. He says that he has been going through a rough time but things are improving, and he is now studying elsewhere in Hamburg. It is unclear if his family believes him or not. But his half-brother Alqusaidi had been periodically sending him money, and sent him money for the last time around November 2000 (see July 1999-November 2000). [McDermott, 2005, pp. 214-215] In fact, Alshehhi has been learning to fly in Florida with Mohamed Atta (see July 6-December 19, 2000).
Entity Tags: Mounir El Motassadeq, Marwan Alshehhi, Mohamed Yousef Mohamed Alqusaidi
Early-Late June, 2001: Plot Facilitator Assists Four 9/11 Hijackers in United Arab Emirates
Documentation used by Mustafa Ahmed al-Hawsawi in the United Arab Emirates. [Source: US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Alexandria Division]Mustafa Ahmed al-Hawsawi assists four hijackers transiting Dubai, United Arab Emirates, on their way to the US: Fayez Ahmed Banihammad, Salem Alhazmi, Abdulaziz Alomari, and Saeed Alghamdi. Banihammad stays at al-Hawsawi's flat in nearby Sharjah for two or three weeks and they open bank accounts together (see June 25, 2001 and Early August-August 22, 2001), and al-Hawsawi recognizes Alghamdi and Alhazmi from Afghanistan. He coordinates their arrival dates in telephone conversations with Mohamed Atta (see Late June-August, 2001) and then purchases tickets for them, paying for Alomari and Alhazmi. Al-Hawsawi provides this information to the US under interrogation, which is considered by some to make it unreliable (see June 16, 2004), and then again before a military tribunal in Guantanamo Bay to determine his combat status (see March 9-April 28, 2007). [US District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, Alexandria Division, 7/31/2006 ; US department of Defense, 3/21/2007 ] It is unclear who assisted the nine muscle hijackers who transited Dubai before this: Waleed Alshehri, Satam Al Suqami, Ahmed Alghamdi, Maqed Moqed, Hamza Alghamdi, Mohand Alshehri, Ahmed Alnami, Ahmed Alhaznawi, and Wail Alshehri (see April 11-June 28, 2001 and April 23-June 29, 2001).
Entity Tags: Salem Alhazmi, Saeed Alghamdi, Mustafa Ahmed al-Hawsawi, Mohamed Atta, Abdulaziz Alomari, Fayez Ahmed Banihammad
Summer 2002: Pennsylvania Coroner Receives Inquiry from Relative of Flight 93 Hijacker about Remains
Wallace Miller, the coroner in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, where Flight 93 crashed on 9/11, is contacted by an uncle of one of the Flight 93 hijackers, who asks him if any remains of his nephew have been recovered. According to Miller: "I got a call from Beirut at 4 a.m. He said he was an uncle of one of them and wanted to know what the situation was. I said if he sent a DNA sample, we'd make a cross-reference to confirm, but I never heard anything more from him." In 2008, Miller will say that he cannot recall the name of the caller or who his nephew was. However, only one of the Flight 93 hijackers—Ziad Jarrah—was from Beirut, while the others were apparently Saudis (see 1980s and 1990s). Miller will say that the uncle's inquiry was apparently prompted by a British or South African journalist who had put the man on the phone after interviewing him about the events of 9/11. This appears to be the only attempt ever made by a relative to claim the remains of a hijacker (see September 21, 2008). [New York Times, 9/21/2008]
Entity Tags: Wallace Miller, Ziad Jarrah
September 21, 2008: Remains of 13 Hijackers Still in US Custody
The New York Times reports that the FBI and the New York City medical examiner's office have identified the remains of 13 of the 9/11 hijackers. The remains are still in their custody because no one has claimed them (see Summer 2002). The FBI holds the remains of the nine hijackers who took over Flight 77 and Flight 93, which were recovered from the Pentagon and Shanksville crash sites. The identity of the remains was established indirectly. First, investigators identified the victims using DNA profiles provided by relatives. Those remains that could not be matched to any profile were assumed to belong to the hijackers. The New York City medical examiner's office also has the remains of four hijackers recovered from the World Trade Center site. A DNA profile for each of the 10 hijackers who took part in the New York attacks was established by the FBI from recovered personal items, such as luggage and cigarette butts left in a rental car. The FBI then supplied these profiles to the medical examiner's office but without naming them. Therefore, the examiner's office could only match the four recovered sets of remains but could not identify them by name. Both the FBI and the medical examiner's office refuse to disclose where exactly the remains are being kept. [New York Times, 9/21/2008; Newsweek, 1/12/2009]
Entity Tags: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Medical Examiner's Office, New York City


Whipped to perfection and oh so good smelling, our Body Butter is made from nurturing oils from Hawaii and healing butters that will moisturize and pamper your entire body! We add an herbal infusion to help soothe your skin! Spreads nicely and feels like satin, your body will be addicted, and you deserve it!
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An industrial 36V battery charger needs to be manufactured tough and this advanced, next generation battery charger is designed to endure even the toughest, harshest, most extreme operating conditions imaginable in both onboard and off-board applications. Its aluminum unibody construction can withstand endless hours of shock and vibration without failure.
It carries an Intrusion Protection (IP) rating of IP66 which is the highest protection against dust ingress and physical contact and the highest non-immersion protection against moisture penetration.


text:
Q: Mainline DHT unspecified entry in bencoded dictionary I have found an entry in a bencoded dictionary in DHT traffic, generated by BitTorrent, which I do not understand, nor can find anything about in the DHT specification at http://bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0005.html.
Example of packet query and response with wireshark:
query = {"a":{"id":".=...4...R..%..s~..;"}, "q":"ping", "t":"..oo", "v":"UThK", "y":"q"}
response = {"r":{"id":"..=..x......o....w/%"}, "t":"..oo", "v":"UT..", "y":"r"}

full hex dump can be found here: http://pastebin.com/SMB4f8LR.
The entry in this example is the "v":"UThK" in the query and "v":"UT.." in the response.
What is its purpose?

A: The v field is optional and indicates which client and version is running the DHT node.
The ones that start with "UT" is uTorrent, followed by one byte indicating the major version and another byte for minor version.
Other possible values are:

*

*"Az" - Azureus (or Vuze)

*"LT" - libtorrent (rasterbar)

*"MP" - MooPolice

*"GR" - GetRight

*"MO" - Monotorrent

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Age when you first shot a gun?
Favorite place to shoot or hunt?
Hunting birds with my husband Jim and our Brittany Spaniels. Completing my grand slam of North American sheep.
They are fun. I am an American and can. It's a freedom we value. It has taken me on many wonderful adventures. I have learned more about life with a gun in my hand than I have doing other things.
How do you feel about pink guns?
I have a pink .22, I also have a turquoise o/u shotgun! Love 'em.
Do you go to the range to amp up or chill out?
Absolutely. Heading to a clay shoot tomorrow to raise funds for youth leadership camps.
Your gun of choice for protection?
Pick one: guns or shoes.
GUNS. I won an "early bird" raffle one year at SCI. The choice was a P. Holehan custom made .338 or a gold sapphire with lions-claw necklace. I grabbed that rifle so fast the show girl almost fell over.
My husband Jim has always been my base support and inspiration. Watching my children grow into adults has inspired me to be all I can. The natural resources of this country inspire me to be an advocate and mentor. The inspiration of family members from generations here and long gone inspire me to protect and have pride.
Hard question. Food, water, shelter. Love. Challenges. Wild things and wild places, music, books, hobbies, good health.
Weather radar! Ha. Quilting store finder, yarn store finder.
What's new on your iPod?


Moscone West, San Francisco, CA.
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A sandwich component is provided, in particular for a visible area of a motor vehicle which area is subject to low loads. The sandwich component includes a a specifically lightweight inner core and a fiber composite cover layer which is laminated onto the inner core at least on the visible side of the sandwich component. An optically high-quality color sensitive design of the cover layer on the visible face of the component is achieved with reduced weight and at low cost in that the chromaticity of the cover layer is different from the core material per se, and the inner core is designed at least in the surface region occupied by the cover layer in the same color as the cover layer.
1. A sandwich component for a visible region of a motor vehicle, which region is subject to low loads, the sandwich component comprising: an internal core of specifically lightweight material; a fiber composite cover layer laminated onto the inner core at least on a visible side of the sandwich component, wherein the fiber-composite cover layer has a color different from that of the specific lightweight material of the internal core, and the internal core having the different color is designed, at least in a surface region covered by the cover layer, to have an identical color to that of the cover layer.
2. The sandwich component according to claim 1, wherein the internal core is colored via a color pigment so as to have the identical color throughout the internal core.
3. The sandwich component according to claim 1, wherein the internal core comprises, at least in the surface region covered by the cover layer, a coating of the identical color to that of the cover layer.
4. The sandwich component according to claim 3, wherein the coating is a paint coat impermeable to light.
5. The sandwich component according to claim 3, wherein the coating is a colored film impermeable to light.
6. The sandwich component according to claim 1, wherein the internal core is a foamed core material pigmented to be identical in color to the cover layer.
7. The sandwich component according to claim 1, wherein the fiber-composite cover layer contains a transparent matrix, and wherein the internal core is designed to be identical in color to fibrous material of the fiber-composite cover layer comprising the transparent matrix.
8. A sandwich component, comprising: a specifically lightweight inner core; a fiber composite cover layer laminated onto the inner core at least on a visible side of the sandwich component, wherein the cover layer and the inner core materials have different chromaticities, and at least in a surface region of a visible area of the cover layer, the inner core has a same color as the cover layer occupying the surface region.
9. The sandwich component according to claim 8, wherein the sandwich component is a motor vehicle component in which the visible area is subject to low loads.
10. A method of producing a sandwich component for a visible area of a motor vehicle, which visible area is subject to low loads, the method comprising the acts of: providing a fiber composite cover layer having a first color; providing an inner core made of a specific lightweight material, the material having a second color different from the first color; configuring the inner core to have, at least in a surface region to be covered by the cover layer, a color identical to the first color; and laminating the color layer onto the inner core, whereby an optically high-quality color design of the cover layer on the visible area is obtained.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein a color pigment is added to the material of the inner core so as to obtain the identical color.
12. The method according to claim 10, wherein a coating is provided on the inner core in order to provide the identical color.
13. The method according to claim 10, wherein a color film is provided on the inner core in order to provide the identical color.
 This application is a continuation of PCT International Application No. PCT/EP2014/063277, filed Jun. 24, 2014, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. .sctn.119 from German Patent Application No. 10 2013 214 103.3, filed Jul. 18, 2013, the entire disclosures of which are herein expressly incorporated by reference.
 The invention relates to a sandwich component, in particular for a lightly stressed visible region of a motor vehicle, composed of an internal core of light specific weight and a fiber-composite cover layer which is connected thereto in a stress-resistant manner at least on the visible side of the sandwich component.
 Sandwich components of this type, on account of their potential in lightweight construction, are increasingly also used as lightly stressed trim parts in the visible region, such as the interior region, of motor vehicles. Apart from stringent weight requirements, such components also have to meet high visual quality requirements.
 It is an object of the invention to configure a sandwich component of the type mentioned at the outset such that, with a reduced weight of the component and at little cost, a design of the cover layer on the visible component side is achieved which is of high visual quality and has color fidelity.
 This and other objects are achieved according to the invention by a sandwich component, in particular for a lightly stressed visible region of a motor vehicle, composed of an internal core of light specific weight and a fiber-composite cover layer which is laminated onto the internal core at least on the visible side of the sandwich component. The cover layer has a color value which is different from that of the core material. The internal core at least in the surface region which is connected to the cover layer is designed so as to be of identical color to the cover layer.
 According to the invention it is ensured in a manner which is simple in terms of production technology that the visual appearance of cover layers on the visible side is not compromised by the internal core situated beneath, which due to the raw material is of different color per se, and cover layers, which in a stress-adapted configuration require an extremely thin-walled and correspondingly translucent fiber-composite laminate, do not have to be oversized, so as to avoid that an internal core of different color shines through the cover-layer laminate and, on account thereof, distorts the appearance of the latter in terms of color.
 Preferably, in a further simplification in terms of production technology, the internal core is pre-dyed a color identical to the cover layer in that it is covered by a color layer, such as by way of the dipping method, or else is laminated using a colored film. Alternatively and above all preferred in the case of foam cores, however, the core material is uniformly dyed by a color pigment which is added during manufacturing. In this case, likewise for reasons of production, the cover layer is expediently initially cured and then is lined on the reverse side, that is to say in particular foamed on the reverse side, with the core material which is identically dyed.
 According to the invention, dark-colored and translucent fiber-composite cover layers, for example from carbon-fiber composite material, may thus be readily combined, without distorting the color or structure of the cover layer, with internal cores which in terms of material are cost effective and per se are mostly light-colored. Likewise, thin-walled fiber-composite cover layers having a transparent matrix but opaque fibrous material may assume an appearance which is throughout identical in color to the fibrous material, without abrupt color differentials at the light passages of the transparent fiber-composite matrix.
 FIG. 2 is a highly schematic diagram, in enlarged scale, showing a partial section of a second exemplary embodiment having a transparent fiber-composite matrix and a coated internal core which is identical in color to the fibrous material.
 The sandwich component 1, which is partly illustrated by way of a detail in FIG. 1, is composed of a fiber-composite cover layer 2, such as from carbon-fiber composite material, and an internal core 3 of light specific weight, for example from a polyurethane foam having per se a yellowish color tone, for example, according to the material.
 In the case of a stress-adapted conception of the cover layer 2, the cover layer may be dimensioned so as to be thin-walled such that the core material 3 shines through the cover layer 2 at least in a localized manner and thus distorts the appearance of the cover layer 2 in terms of color.
 However, during manufacturing of the internal core 3, pigments, which are identical in color to the cover layer 2, are added to the core material, such that the cover layer 2 may be configured so as to be thin-walled and translucent, but that the sandwich component 1 nevertheless assumes a look which in relation to the cover layer 2 is pure in color and identical in structure. For reasons of simplification in terms of production technology, the cover layer 2 in this case is advantageously initially cured and then, on the reverse side, foamed with the pre-pigmented internal core material.
 In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 2, where the components which correspond to the above-described sandwich component 1 are identified by the same reference signs, the internal core 3 has on both sides a fiber-composite cover layer 2 which, in turn, is composed of a dark fibrous material, such as carbon fibers for instance, but of a transparent fiber-composite matrix, for example of epoxy resin. The internal core 3 is pre-fabricated from a core material which is different in color to the fibrous material, such as a polyurethane foam which has a yellowish tint, such that in the case of stress-adapted thin-walled dimensioning of the cover layer 2 a yellowish and dark dotted impression of color may be created on the visible side of the sandwich component 1.
 By contrast, according to FIG. 2, the internal core 3, prior to lamination of the cover layer 2, is covered across its entire area, for example by way of the dipping method, with a color layer 4 which is identical in color to the fibrous material of the cover layer 2. The completed sandwich component 1 on the cover-layer side visible surfaces therefore has a uniform color design throughout which is identical in color to the cover-layer fibers, without abrupt color differentials at the light passages of the transparent fiber-composite matrix.


Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) Chairman Imran Khan on Thursday said all the parties are calling for the constitution of an independent judicial commission under the Supreme Court of Pakistan over Panama leaks.
Speaking to reporters on his arrival in London, Imran Khan said there will be no sit-in protest if a judicial commission is formed under an independent judge.
The PTI chief threatened street protests in case justice is not done. "We don't want to destablise the government, the government is doing that to itself," he added.
He criticised the finger-pointing on part of the government, saying he is not behind leaking of the Panama Papers. "Panama leaks happened outside (the country)," he added.
He said his party is all set to celebrate its foundation day in a historic fashion in Islamabad's F-9 Park.
Imran Khan said while onboard the plane to London he got a chance to talk to Interior Minister Chaudhry Nisar Ali Khan.
"Chaudhry Nisar was under the impression that we might start marching on the Red Zone or Blue Area in Islamabad," he said.
He said when he told the interior minister that the event would be organised at F-9 Park, the latter expressed no objection to it.
Earlier talking to reporters before boarding the flight for London, Khan said he did not know whether or not Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif is well "and if he has gone to London for his medical checkup then there is no issue in it. We pray for his recovery and good health".


text:
Brands to Watch Out and What's Next for 2019: Zara, Nike Collaborations, Virtual Models and More
Written on January 2, 2019 by Diandra Israhmaniar
New year, new trends and new things to look forward to in fashion. GABSTER Fashion Consulting has summed up the things you will have to look forward to in 2019!
Brands to Watch Out
This year, Inditex has announced that Zara will expand online to 106 additional countries, mostly in Africa. This means that Zara will be available to shop online in 202 countries. Zara customers in Angola, Ivory Coast and Indonesia will be able to place orders in euros including shipping costs and custom charges.
It's the era of modest wear and 2019 is no different. Luxury e-commerce platform, The Modist is leading it and their market comes from all around the world. This proves that modest dressing is not only for religious purposes but also for those women who dresses like this as it's her aesthetic or she's of a certain faith or she's at work and it's most appropriate to be modest. The reason varies but it's obvious it's a very relevant thing to women in this day and age and there is a very high demand for modest wear.
Nike has collaborated with many brands last year and this year will be no different. We can already expect more collaborations from the brand and perhaps there will be an unexpected one? We will just have to wait and see.
What's Next for 2019
Artificial Intelligence is taking over and it has been applied in many retail stores. Several retailers have used smart fixtures that can also help track customer data as rails and displays are developed with tech elements. This will also help the retailer to ensure better operational efficiency. We can also expect more tech solutions for store collections and returns. Brands such as ZARA has already implemented this at their flagship store in London, where customers can scan their order QR code or provide a pin number to activate the automated warehouse which will then collect their purchase.
![https__blogs-images.forbes.com_robcain_files_2015_06_Jack-Ma-Alibaba-Group (1).jpg](/uploads/https__blogs-images.forbes.com_robcain_files_2015_06_Jack-Ma-Alibaba-Group%20(1).jpg) Alibaba is one of the biggest e-commerce platforms and more brands are joining them. Their other platforms, Tao Bao and Pavilion has also been on the rise in 2018. Not long ago, Alibaba has signedan agreement with Belgium government to launch an e-commerce trade hub which will include investments in logistic infrastructure. This project is part of Alibaba's Electronic World Trade Platform (eWTP). Alibaba's logistic, Cainiao, will lease a logistic port at Belgium's Liege airport and operations will begin in 2021. The company is confident that under the eWTP, they will open a huge potential for European businesses to enter the global market. Surely, this year will be no different for Alibaba as the company keeps on evolving.
Retailers are implementing the online store experience to the offline store. To bring this to life, brands are giving experiences for their customers to the store. Such as a buy online, pick up in store service, create fun events and do installations that will attract visitors.
Virtual models and influencers are taking over social media and campaigns. When CGI influencer, Lil Miquela emerged on Instagram, people were confused and made theories about who she really is. Soon after, other virtual influencers joined Instagram. In September, Oliver Rousteing created a virtual version of the #BalmainArmy and it is clear that virtual models and influencers are the next big thing.
K-pop's popularity has been on the rise globally and has affected social media trends, billboard charts and fashion. Fans of the music are highly enthusiastic in wanting to wear the same designers as the favorite K-pop idols, making K-pop stars "major global fashion influencers." It is predicted that K-pop stars will continue to dominate fashion trends this year. That means more male makeup, unconventional T-shirt choices, brightly colored hair, and bold prints with clothes featuring cartoon or video game characters.


text:
>Risk of Sexual Assault in Army Varies Widely Across Bases, Units, and Occupational Specialties
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Risk of Sexual Assault in Army Varies Widely Across Bases, Units, and Occupational Specialties
For Release
Risk of sexual assault and sexual harassment in the U.S. Army varies widely—particularly for female soldiers—across different Army bases, commands, and career fields, finds new research from the nonprofit, nonpartisan RAND Corporation.
According to the report, conducted for the Army Resilience Directorate (ARD), female soldiers stationed at Fort Hood and Fort Bliss face the highest sexual assault risk, with the risk to those at Fort Hood nearly a third higher than the average risk faced by all women in the Army. Along with Fort Riley, Fort Campbell, and Fort Carson, these bases account for 34% of the active-duty Army women who were sexually assaulted in 2018.
"Even when adjusted for personal characteristics typically associated with higher sexual assault risk, the report finds that women at Fort Hood still face a greater risk of sexual assault than if they were stationed elsewhere," said Miriam Matthews, lead author of the report and a senior behavioral and social scientist at RAND. "Understanding this and other organizational risk factors is critical as it can help the Army better tailor its efforts to prevent sexual assault and sexual harassment."
Risk levels also vary significantly by command, even at the same installation. For example, most of the highest-risk commands are combat commands, several of which are located at Fort Hood and Fort Bliss. However, not all the commands at Fort Hood see similar elevated risks, as the First Army Division West, one of the lowest-risk commands, is also at Fort Hood.
And risk levels vary by career field, with those in medical or personnel occupations seeing the lowest risk and women in field artillery positions facing the highest risk. Additional factors such as unit climate, supervisor climate, and deployment levels are associated with risk levels. Positive unit and supervisor climates are linked to lower sexual assault risk, while a high deployment tempo is associated with an increased risk, according to the report.
"These findings provide the Army with increased visibility on where exactly risk is consistently high for sexual assault and sexual harassment," said Dr. Jenna Newman, social science advisor at ARD and the Army's project lead for the study. "It suggests there are location-specific concerns that require targeted interventions into climate and culture and will require additional research to understand."
Sexual harassment is more common than sexual assault in the Army, but the authors note a strong correlation. "Installations with a higher risk for sexual harassment also demonstrate a higher risk for sexual assault and vice-versa," Matthews said. "This suggests a shared set of risk factors between the two."
It also underscores the importance of the sexual violence continuum of harm. "When sexual harassing behaviors go unchecked, it sends a message that certain kinds of behavior are acceptable and that more egregious acts are also not likely to be held accountable," Newman said.
Additionally, the report notes considerable stability in sexual assault and sexual harassment risk among groups of soldiers over time. Thus, commanders of units that had elevated sexual assault risk in the past should expect that current risk levels will still be high.
"The Army is committed to learning as much as possible about individual and organizational factors that contribute to risk of sexual assault and other harmful behaviors," said Dr. James A. Helis, director of the ARD. "This study sheds light on the environmental and occupational factors that contribute to the risk of sexual assault and sexual harassment for our soldiers and, in turn, will help inform future prevention and response efforts."
The authors recommend targeting prevention programs to those locations, commands, or career fields with high risk levels. Improving workplace climate and sharing sexual assault data with commanders could also help mitigate risk; the Army currently has an effort underway to provide commanders with installation and unit risk reports based on the findings from this study.
This study was commissioned by the ARD and conducted by the RAND Arroyo Center using data from the 2016 and 2018 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Personnel (WGRA) and the 2014 RAND Military Workplace Study (RMWS).
Other authors of the report, "Organizational Characteristics Associated with Risk of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in the Army," are Andrew Morral, Terry Schell, Matthew Cefalu, Joshua Snoke, and R.J. Briggs.
About the RAND Corporation
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Miriam Matthews
Associate Director, Workforce, Development, and Health Program, RAND Project AIR FORCE
Miriam Matthews is the associate director of the Workforce, Development, and Health program within RAND Project AIR FORCE, and a senior behavioral and social scientist at the RAND Corporation. She conducts research in the areas of political psychology and diversity and multiculturalism.
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Organizational Characteristics Associated with Risk of Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Army
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Sexual Assault and Sexual Harassment in the U.S. Army


Each keychain is hand made and usually made to order. Each one measures around 3 inches and is made out of a thick acrylic. This keychain comes with hardware (along with a matching tassel or small charm) so that it is ready to put on your keys or backpack. These items can be used as a bag tag that can be placed on backpacks, duffel, gym, baseball, softball, soccer, basketball bags or anything with a zipper. The possibilities are endless.
The design is made with durable outdoor vinyl that last for 6 years or longer. There is no protective sheet or cover on the keychains.