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Your Heart Will Tell You So
Jack H. Goaslind Jr.
The Priesthood Reigns on Earth
Kathryn M. Burton and Mariann Richards
Beloved Johnny
Gordon Allred
Mormonad
Someone Who Wouldn't Laugh
David Capron
Dust on a Rose
Ellen and Joyce M. Jensen
Lanyards and Lobsters
"We Are!"
Marilyn Price Adams
LeGrand Richards
Crying with a Clown
Anya C. Bateman
"Lanyards and Lobsters," New Era, May 1980, 20
by Don Lind
Sailing Near the Florida Keys
It was a bright, sunny Monday morning, with a breeze a little stronger than usual for August. The weather forecast for the Florida Keys was just right for sailing—moderate winds from the northeast, clear skies to scattered cloudiness, with widely scattered rain squalls. Along the Miami River a few elegant sailboats were already getting underway.
At the Out Island pier, 17 Explorers and leaders from Post 9796 were busy stowing supplies and personal gear below deck on two sleek, 41-foot sailboats the Maupiti and the Shepahoy. This was the beginning of an activity they had been preparing for ten months, the culmination of extensive planning.
At post meetings they had learned about sails and nautical charts, dead reckoning, safety, and the "rules of the road." Now they were finally dockside, actually loading their snorkels and scuba tanks on board. The food they would eat all week was going into the galleys. Everything was nearly ready.
Excerpts from the logs kept on both vessels succinctly record the excitement of the group's adventure at sea:
Monday, 10:55 A.M.—Shepahoy cast off. Motored down the Miami River to Biscayne Bay. Will pick up fishing gear and rendezvous with Maupiti at MacArthur Causeway.
Noon—Delayed by final engine repairs. Underway with Brother Bowman as first helmsman. Eight drawbridges had to raise for us as we went downriver. Three blasts with the horn is the signal to raise a bridge.
12:50 A.M.—Shepahoy and Maupiti left Miami River under sail in a brisk wind, making six to eight knots. Note: A rope is not called a rope. It is a line except when it's a sheet, a lanyard, or a halyard. But it's never called a rope.
2:30 P.M.—Finally learning how to walk on sloping, pitching decks. Slippery decks can be bad for your health! Note: If you are told to "fall off," it means to steer further away from the wind, not to jump overboard.
3:15 P.M.—While underway, Richard Holt caught a barracuda. Now everyone wants to fish.
4:10 P.M.—Broke the topping lift. Repaired it. Glad the skipper was giving orders when it broke instead of one of us landlubbers!
6:55 P.M.—Anchored off Elliott Key. Rafted vessels together. Everyone went swimming, then ate dinner.
8:10 P.M.—Boats separated and anchored apart for the night. Mosquitoes pretty bad until wind came up. Must anchor further off shore in the future.
Tuesday the group headed for Angelfish Creek, the passage through the Keys into the Atlantic.
9:15 A.M.—David Spellman sighted the first shark. The water is amazingly clear. It looks like you are about to go aground even when the Fathometer reads 11 to 13 feet.
1:30 P.M.—Dropped anchor just off Carysfort Reef lighthouse in 25 feet of water. The four qualified scuba divers made their first dive, while the others went snorkeling. The reef is amazing, visibility magnificent. Color and variety of fish are fantastic. We sighted barracuda, huge angelfish, groupers, grunts, and lobster, as well as brain coral, antler coral, and fan coral. Derek Doty saw a shark. Too bad no one has an underwater camera!
The boats anchored off Grecian Rocks for the night, where high waves on a rough sea made them pitch heavily. Showers hit just after 2:00 A.M., sending those sleeping on deck scurrying below. By daylight the sea was even rougher. Several of those assigned galley duty couldn't fulfill the assignment—on the Shepahoy Brett Summers was the only Explorer who could do the cooking, but there wasn't much demand for food. On the Maupiti Don Wise and his father looked strangely healthy while the others were turning a little green. Only a few hearty souls didn't show specific signs of "epigastric awareness," and there was a feeling that those who didn't join the general misery weren't expressing proper brotherhood. One fellow felt so ill he asked for a priesthood blessing, and he seemed relieved after receiving it.
Nevertheless, by 9:00 A.M. both vessels were moving out. Maupiti headed for Rodriguez Key and more snorkeling, while Shepahoy's crew decided to stop at the underwater statue of the Savior. The figure and base stand about 30 feet tall in a grotto of coral heads, the highest point about ten feet under water. An enormous barracuda seemed to be guarding the site and kept anyone from getting too near to the impressive memorial.
The two vessels rendezvoused again and headed together to Key Largo to fill the ships' tanks with water and the scuba divers' tanks with air. Solid ground felt good after the rough seas. Key Largo's supply of seasickness pills and snack food was perceptibly reduced during the Explorers' visit.
Back at sea, on the way to Mosquitoe Bank, Miguel, the young professional Scouter who had accompanied the LDS group as an adviser, caught ten lobsters. Lee Burdge, with great delight, caught one of his own, and we had the makings of a feast.
Capturing a lobster by hand requires considerable talent, because they have quick reactions. The lobster hides in crevices at the bottom of reefs, and the hunter, without being seen, has to tickle its tail with a long wire. This causes the lobster to dart from its hole, and the hunter then tries to catch it in his gloved hand, avoiding the sharp and pinching claws.
Wednesday evening rain fell again, postponing the scheduled talent night. Thursday morning the divers found no lobsters, but did spot a large moray eel in the reef and stayed clear of it. Shawn Pergande shot two fish with an air gun, and a six-foot barracuda followed Ray Holt, Wayne Bucklew, and Shawn for about 30 minutes. At 10:45 anchors came up and the two boats headed for Rodriguez Key, in the first of two races held during the trip.
The Maupiti started off slightly behind. Both vessels were beating hard against the wind. The entire crew of the Shepahoy hiked, trying to get the mast straighter and higher. The race had no formal finish because the Shepahoy ripped her genoa and dropped out for repairs. But let it be officially noted that the Maupiti was at least three lengths ahead when the sail tore.
The Maupiti was at anchor when the Shepahoy arrived. As they came alongside, cannoneers suddenly burst from the cabin with buckets and tubs of water balloons. The Maupiti was hit with a full salvo, but its crew had heard rumors of a possible sneak attack and returned the fire. One of the great naval battles of all time ensued—not one that would topple empires, but certainly no more colorful or spirited engagement ever took place. Brother Holt, awakened by the sound of combat, sleepily poked his head out of the cabin and immediately received three direct hits. As ammunition ran low, Doug Lind and Lee Burdge dove into the water to retrieve unburst balloons and came under heavy fire. Boarders from the Shepahoy were repulsed after almost scaling the Maupiti's anchor chain. The battle lasted 30 minutes, and final victory was inconclusive and much debated for the rest of the trip.
That night, following a delicious feast earned by great heroics, the postponed talent night was finally held. Richard Holt and his father started with a skit, the bishop recited a poem, Donald Harper-Smith and his dad presented another skit, and eventually everyone shared some form of talent before another rain squall, just after the closing prayer, called a halt to the evening.
Friday, 6:10 A.M.—Awoke. Breakfast. Set sail for the statue. Anchored. Divers in the water. Discovered we are at the wrong reef, Cannon Reef. Recovered divers and set sail. Arrived at the statue. Waves too rough for diving. Difficult to handle tanks and flippers on pitching deck. Skipper canceled dive for safety reasons. Set sail for Angelfish Creek and Miami.
10:20 A.M.—We entered the Gulf Stream. The water is deep blue. We expected a lot of fish here. Didn't find many. Ray caught a barracuda and Richard caught an amberjack. Wayne snagged a lobster trap!
As the two vessels cleared the Angelfish Creek channel, a second race began. Across Biscayne Bay the two beautiful boats darted, beating to windward. The breeze was brisk, the weather exhilarating. Rounds of shouting added to the excitement. The boats were well matched, the crews intensely competitive. Fairness requires, though, that the Shepahoy should be credited with a clear-cut victory.
Anchorage that night was across the bay from Miami. The skyline reflected beautifully in the water. Lobsters tasted better for having been caught by hand. With boats moored together, the combined crews held a testimony meeting, expressing their brotherly love and gratitude. The setting was spectacular and the spirit impressive. Almost everyone had expressed himself when Miguel, who had been quietly listening, asked if he could participate.
"Of course," he was assured. He said that he felt a wonderful spirit, that he hadn't felt anything like it since he had been active in his own Catholic Scout troop. He said he had been on cruises with many Explorer posts, but he wanted us to know he felt something special about our group. Everyone was deeply moved.
That night, as the boats rocked gently, everyone slept soundly. In the morning, we would sail up-river to the docks, and our days at sea, for the time being at least, would be over. But we knew it wouldn't take much prodding to get us to come back again.
Photos by Don Lind
When the open sea stretches wide across the horizon, there's a thrill that unites modern mariners with seafarers of the past. But sailboating requires ample planning and stocking of provisions before the leisurely hours at sea become a reality
Braving breezes on deck while learning to man the rigging was a pleasant task, but many of the Explorers also relished the excitement of swimming and scuba diving from the side of a schooner
Billowing sails reminded these 20th-century seamen of wind-jammers from days gone by


The newest phase of completion for our historic restoration is the LULA lift and multipurpose room. This video is a walk through the work underway which we will celebrate December 16, 2018. The congregation giving, the National Fund (partners for Sacred Places, the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and the Lily Foundation), the Retirement Research Foundation, a City of Chicago Adopt a Landmark grant and the Chicago Conference of the AME church all coming together to restore one more milestone for the Oldest Black church in Chicago.


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Midnights je deseti studijski album američke pjevačice Taylor Swift, objavljen 21. listopada 2022. preko Republic Recordsa. Najavljen na dodjeli MTV Video Music Awards 2022, album označava Swiftin prvi novi rad od albuma Evermore iz 2020. Swift je napisala i producirala Midnights s Jackom Antonoffom i opisala ga kao konceptualni album koji opisuje "putovanje kroz užase i slatke snove" i "13 neprospavanih noći" svog života.

Nakon zanemarive promocije svojih prethodnih studijskih albuma, Swift se vratila tradicionalnom izdavanju albuma s Midnightsom. Popis pjesama predstavila je kroz TikTok seriju pod nazivom Midnights Mayhem with Me od 21. rujna do 7. listopada 2022. Četvrta pjesma, "Snow on the Beach", uključuje Lanu Del Rey. Sedam bonus pjesama je iznenađujuće objavljeno tri sata nakon prvog ponoćnog izdanja, kao dio "3am Edition". Midnights je dočekan s velikim odobravanjem glazbenih kritičara, koji su pohvalili njegov koncept, suzdržanu produkciju i iskreno pisanje pjesama.

Swift je usvojila glamuroznu estetiku za Midnights koja je proizašla iz mode 1970-ih. Trailer koji predstavlja nekoliko vizualnih elemenata za album objavljen je 20. listopada. Glazbeni video za prvi singl, "Anti-Hero", premijerno je prikazan 21. listopada 2022.

Pozadina i promocija
Nakon spora oko prodaje vlasništa nad svojih prvih šest studijskih albuma, američka kantautorica Taylor Swift najavila je planove za ponovno snimanje prijašnjih albuma. Objavila je prve dvije presnimke, Fearless (Taylor's Version) i Red (Taylor's Version), 2021. Mainstream mediji su očekivali da će sljedeće objaviti treći ponovno snimljeni album.

Swift je dobila pet nominacija za kratki film na MTV Video Music Awards 28. kolovoza 2022., osvojivši tri od njih. U svom govoru za dodjelu nagrade za video godine, najavila je "potpuno novi" studijski album koji bi trebao biti objavljen 21. listopada 2022. Ubrzo nakon otkrića, Swiftina službena web stranica ažurirana je satom za odbrojavanje i izrazom koji glasi "Nađimo se u ponoć". Njezini profili na društvenim mrežama također su ažurirani tom frazom, a platna (pozadine) nekih Swiftinih pjesama na Spotifyju promijenjena su u vizual koji prikazuje isti sat koji broji do ponoći. Te ponoći, Swift je otkrila naziv svog desetog studijskog albuma, Midnights, zajedno s pisanom premisom i objavila naslovnicu na svojoj web stranici i na svojim profilima na društvenim mrežama. Album je opisala kao "priče o 13 neprospavanih noći razasutih kroz moj život". Album je također bio dostupan za spremanje i prednarudžbu na njezinoj web stranici. U rujnu su dostupne i tri ograničene varijante vinilnog LP-ja u boji, s različitim naslovnicama, te Target-exclusive izdanje s tri bonus pjesme.

Naslovnica albuma
Standardna naslovnica albuma Midnights je minimalistička. Inspirirana je staromodnim LP jaknama čije su pjesme bile navedene na naslovnici; međutim, pjesme su trenutno naslovljene s imenima rezerviranih mjesta "Track One," "Track Two" i tako dalje do 13. Fotografija Swift prikazana na umjetničkom djelu prikazuje je u plavom sjenilu, crnoj olovci za oči i njezinim prepoznatljivim crvenim usnama, promatrajući svjetlucavi upaljač koji drži blizu njezina lica. Naslov albuma i popis pjesama su u plavom gradijentu. Vinilno izdanje omota, koje je Swift objavila na svojim društvenim mrežama, dijeli popis pjesama na A-stranu i B-stranu, što ukazuje na dvostrani LP.

Utjecaj u medijima
Billboard je Swiftinu neočekivanu najavu albuma na nazvao trenutkom koji "hvata naslove". Bruce Gillmer, producent dodjele nagrada, govorio je za časopis o njihovom porastu gledanosti i kako je Midnights dao "veliki porast" gledanosti na MTV kanalu. Swiftina službena web stranica također se srušila zbog velikog prometa nakon njezinih prvih objava na društvenim mrežama o albumu. Naslovnica albuma postala je internetski trend, koji su oponašali i parodiraju korisnici društvenih medija, uključujući službene račune brendova, organizacija i slavnih osoba.

Popis Pjesama

Bilješke

 Skladbe na albumu su imale skriveni naziv "Track" te u nastavku broj pjesme na albumu do trenutka kada je Swift objavila točne nazive.

Uloge na albumu
Glazbenici

 Taylor Swift – vokal
 Jack Antonoff – udaraljke, programiranje, sintisajzer (sve pjesme); prateći vokali (1, 3–5, 7, 9, 10, 13), bubnjevi (1, 3, 4, 6, 11–13), mellotron (1, 3–5, 7), Wurlitzerove orgulje (1, 3, 8), bas (2–5, 9), električna gitara (2, 4, 5, 10, 13), klavir (2, 12), akustična gitara (3, 5, 9 )
 Sam Dew – prateći vokali (1)
 Zoë Kravitz – prateći vokali (1)
 Jahaan Sweet – synth padovi (1, 11); bas, flauta, sintisajzer (1); klavijature (11)
 Sounwave – programiranje (1, 11)
 Dominic Rivinius – mali bubanj (1), bubnjevi (8)
 Evan Smith – saksofon (2, 12, 13); klarinet, flauta, orgulje (2, 12); sintesajzer (4, 5, 7–9, 13)
 Bobby Hawk – violina (3, 4, 13)
 Dylan O'Brien – bubnjevi (4)
 Lana Del Rey – vokal (4)
 Sean Hutchinson – bubnjevi, udaraljke (5)
 Mikey Freedom Hart – klavijature (9); programiranje, sintisajzer (13)
 Keanu Beats – sintisajzer (11)
 Michael Riddleberger – bubnjevi (13)
 Zem Audu – saksofon (13)

Tehničko osoblje

 Randy Merrill – mastering
 Serban Ghenea – miksanje
 Jack Antonoff – inženjering
 Laura Sisk – inženjerstvo
 Jahaan Sweet – inženjerstvo (1, 11)
 Ken Lewis – inženjerstvo (1, 7, 8)
 Evan Smith – inženjerstvo (2, 4, 5, 7–9, 12, 13)
 Jon Gautier – inženjerstvo (3, 13)
 Dave Gross – inženjering (4)
 Sean Hutchinson – inženjerstvo (5, 7)
 David Hart – inženjerstvo (9, 13)
 Sounwave – inženjering (11)
 Keanu Beats – inženjering (11)
 Michael Riddleberger – inženjering (13)
 Zem Audu – inženjerstvo (13)
 Bryce Bordone – pomoć pri miksanju
 John Rooney – inženjerska pomoć
 Jon Sher – inženjerska pomoć
 Megan Searl – inženjerska pomoć
 Jonathan Garcia – inženjerska pomoć (1, 7, 8)
 Mark Aguilar – inženjerska pomoć (1, 11)
 Jacob Spitzer – inženjerska pomoć (4)

Ljestvice

Povijest izdanja

Vanjske poveznice

  na Swift službene web stranice

Albumi Taylor Swift
Albumi iz 2022.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Madeline Follin of The Cults will release their new album Static on October 15th.
The Cults have posted new dates on their upcoming Static Tour in support of their new album Static which drops on October 15th.
Oct 29 - Black Cat, Washington, D.C.


text:
Ingrid Weerts: 'It is a misconception that women are less ambitious than men.' Photo: Simona Evstatieva
After reading these nine misconceptions, you'll be in favour of gender quotas
The debate about policies to make sure more women occupy position of power is often dominated by gut feelings instead of hard facts, argues Ingrid Weerts, former University Councillor and Master's student at Leiden and Utrecht Universities. 'A shortage of women in science can be catastrophic,' she says. 'Anyone who looks at the hard data cannot ignore gender quotas.'
By Ingrid Weerts
I admit: I gave in to the temptation to lure you in with a titillating title. Falling for it is your own fault, though. Perhaps you could barely control your pretentious jitters and you're sitting on the edge of your seat, ready to prove me wrong. Who knows, maybe you're one of those DUB readers who agree with De Vrije Student and find diversity policy discriminatory. Well, you too are very welcome! Take a nice cup of tea (I would recommend chamomile), or something else to swallow the bitter (for you) pill called "gender quota". Because I can tell you, after this hard data analysis, you're not going to be able to deny its efficacy any longer.
Perhaps you will find it a weakness that I am hardly concealing my stabs to cisgender heterosexual men in this introduction. After all, I could have started this opinion piece with a eulogy to female scientists. Let me explain my reasons. I cannot deny that additional opportunities for minorities often come at the expense of the dominant group. It is, therefore, not surprising that diversity policy offends said group. They are the ones with the most to lose, but also the ones with the most influence. This is the group that can stand in the way of a good diversity policy. That is why I will guide you through a series of data that indicates why quotas are desperately needed, by means of nine common misconceptions.
Disclaimer: the studies cited here only distinguish between men and women. Other genders are not mentioned. Since other genders are also gender minorities, the findings for women are assumed to be generalisable.
Misconception one: "Striving for equal representation does not make sense. Men's research is relevant to women as well"
I myself have long believed in this thesis. After all, scientists are critical of their research methods and papers go through the peer-review mill. In the book Invisible Women: Exposing Data Bias in a World Designed for Men (which I'd highly recommend), however, one can find 321 pages debunking this argument. For example, the 19th century artist Lousia Daley has produced many more paintings than previously assumed. Those works were wrongly attributed to her husband -- same surname, small mistake. Another example concerns a Viking warrior from the 10th century who was excavated in the 19th century. For 130 years it has been believed that those bones belonged to a man, despite the obvious presence of a female pelvis. After all, the existence of female warriors could only be a myth, a fairy tale. It wasn't until 2017 that DNA research exposed the truth.
I could go on and on with other examples of misconceptions about women which have shaped society's image of them throughout history. But it is not only our image that may have been distorted by these misconceptions. Women living in this day and age are in serious danger because of them. For example, heart attacks in women often go undiagnosed because their symptoms are considered to be 'atypical'. Crash test dummies were until recently 1.80m tall and weighed 75kg – the average height and weight for a man. When tested on female dolls, those same accidents were fatal. Autism and ADHD are frequently underdiagnosed in women. The archetypical ADHD person is a restless boy who can't control his rage after a day of school, not a creative, chaotic, and impulsive adult woman.
Additionally, we leave more and more tasks to generalising deep learning algorithms, which are often programmed with a bias. When a deep learning model analyses a pile of CVs based on previously chosen candidates, the model ends up selecting them in an old-fashioned way. Even when using neutral, genderless terms such as 'user', 'participant' or 'person', people appear to think of a man 80 percent of the time.
Therefore, without women in the research world, there is a much greater likelihood of unjust generalisation, with sometimes catastrophic consequences.
Misconception two: "The problem of under-representation of women in top scientific positions will get solved by itself. There are more women in science today than in the past"
The latter is true. The latest Women Professors Monitor (in Dutch), published by the Dutch Network of Women Professors (LNVH in the Dutch acronym), shows that women formed 53.9 percent of graduates in 2018. However, the number of women per job group is decreasing. Women formed just 23.1 percent of those occupying the highest job category, professor.
Each job category can be seen as a breeding ground for the next one. Assistant professors (universitair docenten, or UD's, in Dutch) are selected among PhD candidates/postdocs, while associate professors (universitair hoofddocenten, or UHD's) form the group from which professors are selected. So far, the thesis seems to be correct: the breeding grounds grow along with it, so in the long run, the skewed growth stops. Doesn't it?
Percentage of men and women in academia, from student level to professor level. Source: Women Professors Monitor 2019, LNVH, via 1cHO2018, VSNU, WOPI. Excluding the field of Health Science.
No! There is a hitch when it comes to the appointment of associate professors. If you look at this year's monitor, you will see that the number of female associate professors has not risen, but fallen. This is partly explained by the effect of the Johanna Westerdijk Impulse. As a result of this impulse, one hundred additional women professors were promoted from the associate professor breeding ground in 2018.
In order to keep the number of women associate professors at the same level, one would have to appoint 100 extra women. This is, of course, quite artificial. A more realistic expectation is to simply maintain a 50/50 male/female ratio in the increment. But that doesn't happen, not even a little bit. The group of associate professors in the Netherlands increased by 62.4 FTE (fulltime positions), despite the promotion of 100 extra women. Only 20.9 percent of that growth was filled by women. In short: the grounds are not growing. In fact, they don't even remain stable, they're actually shrinking. Fast.
Number of men and women in the roles of associate professor and professor in the Netherlands, by full-time workers (FTE). Source: Women Professors Monitor 2019, LNVH. Via: VSNU, WOPI. Excluding field of Health Science.
Over the next ten years, 906 professors are expected to take emeritus status (for our novice academics: to retire). Purely hypothetical: suppose every professor and associate professor fills one FTE and you promote all women associate professors in the Netherlands to the role of professor. Then, there would no longer be any experienced associate professors in the pond and 230/906 FTE (25 percent) would still have to be filled by men. The trend is clear: it is simply not possible at all for the university to achieve gender equality in top positions over the next ten years.
Misconception three: "It is not surprising that there are fewer FTEs available to women in top scientific positions. After all, women are more likely to work part-time."
I will not comment on the entire labour market, but the opposite is the case when it comes to top academic positions. The Monitor shows that male professors have an average contract size of 0.83 FTEs. For women, that's 5 percent higher: 0.87 FTEs. This means that there are less women professors working part-time than men.
Misconception four: "Women are less ambitious and career-driven than men."
This argument is often accompanied by assumptions concerning their wish to become mothers. That's a misconception deeply rooted in society, even among women professors, as evidenced by research into the Queen Bee Effect. The Queen Bee Effect is when women professors describe themselves as an archetypal power woman: tough, ambitious and, above all, masculine. In other words, exceptional, which means that ambition remains less recognised among young women colleagues. However, anyone who blindly assesses the performance and ambitions of candidates will find no fundamental differences among men and women.
Misconception five: "A selection is fair when each candidate is judged on their merits. A woman should only be chosen in the case of equal suitability."
Those who oppose quotas often come with the same platitude: the woman of lower quality selected at the expense of a man of higher quality. A hypothetical example without too much foundation. Selecting candidates solely on the basis of quality would eventually lead to gender equality, right? So why, then, so few women are appointed as associate professors?
Bias tests show that people's assessment of women's qualities is lower, even when there is no objective difference between them and male candidates. When a man and a woman have the same grades, the man is judged more positively. In fact, achieving high marks turns out to be disadvantageous for women. Also, when letters of recommendation are written about men and women of similar qualities, the ones about the men contain less doubt raisers. In many economic journals, pieces written by several authors often feature the names in alphabetical order, not on the basis of contribution. However, the more often a woman appears as co-author instead of solo author, the less chance she has of finding a permanent job. For men, solo authorship and co-authorship appear to weigh just as heavily.
This was investigated in the Garcia project. Researcher Channah Herschberg was a "fly on the wall" in such application procedures. What did she notice? The fact that several candidates have similar qualities is never the final conclusion. They always search further for distinguishing factors. More often the 'best candidate' turns out to be, you guessed it, a man.
The chance that a less qualified woman will be selected at the expense of a qualified man does exist. However, we are much more likely to overlook a lot of qualified women and not select them through inherent bias. How do we solve this? Do we want an evaluation committee for application procedures, as De Vrije Student proposes? That's a good idea, but an obvious conclusion is that application procedures are inherently biased. Should people apply to jobs anonymously, then? Again a good proposal, until the inevitable job interview is held. Prejudice is so inherent that even sympathetic quota-free methods are never objective.
Misconception six: "In comparison with other European countries, the Netherlands is still doing quite well in terms of equality in the academic world."
The Netherlands is that progressive forerunner in the field of same-sex marriage, soft drugs, and sex work. Surely the liberal Netherlands will perform at least just as well as the rest of Europe when it comes to the inclusion of women in science, right? Well, no. In fact, according to the report She figures (2018), the Netherlands is at the bottom of the list in regards to the "proportion of women among researchers". Not one European country scores worse when it comes to a proportional male/female ratio in science.
The graph in question is from 2015. Now, of course, you can say: "Come on, it's five years later. To make up for the outflow of old men into science, many young women are hired". That is true. However, the same report calculates the Glass Ceiling Index of both the Netherlands and Europe, which also includes lower positions in Dutch science. Here, too, the Netherlands scores well below average, which makes it unlikely that we have risen significantly in the rankings in recent years.
Misconception seven: "Collective agreements for universities are well regulated. Men and women in the same job earn the same amount."
On average, a female scientist earns 390 euros less than a male scientist of the same age each month. Within the same job group, there's a difference of 173 euros per month. The wage gap is greatest among professors. A simple explanation of the collective labour agreement is: for professors, salary scales 15 and 16 are considered 'low' and scales 17 and higher as 'high'. Guess what? The number of men within scale 17 or higher is 40 percent larger than the group of women in that scale.
Source: Dutch Women Professors Monitor, via VSNU, WOPI, in FTE. Excluding field of Health Science.
This is partly due to the fact that a hundred women professors have recently been appointed in one fell swoop. As a result, they have been working in their current position for less time and logically earn less. Do they? That statement, too, is not entirely fair. The wage gap was also identified well before the appointment of 100 additional women professors. Moreover, the gap at universities is much higher than in the Dutch labour market in general (25 percent versus 16.1 percent). Finally, the gap increases with age, with a peak at 30percent in the 55+ group. It is precisely in this group that the chance of women professors who have been working in their current position for a long time is highest. Nevertheless, after a large number of loyal, active years, this group is not compensated proportionally.
Misconception eight: "Promotors are objective in the assessment of their PhD candidates."
The assessment of a dissertation is also vulnerable to bias. After all, there are no rules attached to the final assessment and the awarding of the cum laude designation. Did you know that men graduate cum laude one and a half to twice as often as women (link in Dutch)? And this while there is no evidence that men write better dissertations. Moreover, there is no evidence that men also receive the cum laude designation more often if they are tested more objectively, for example in the Master's phase. There is, however, evidence that it is easier for scientists who have a cum laude PhD to find a job in the academic world (link in Dutch).
Misconception nine: "Female scientists are valued the same as male scientists."
Making a name for oneself in the academic world is done mainly by publishing articles and obtaining funding. Earlier in this article, I mentioned that women in the economic sector do not receive equal recognition for co-authorship. In addition, it appears that in other sectors, with equal contributions, men are significantly more often mentioned as first authors. That's not all: women scientists are less likely (link in Dutch) to receive an allowance. With a blind inspection, however, women's papers receive the same high quality assessment as men's papers when applying for grants. But when the quality of the scientist of the same paper is assessed, the woman receives a lower quality assessment.
Course evaluations and websites such as RateMyProfessor also show that women are assessed negatively more often. This difference disappears when a teacher is indicated as 'hot' with a pepper icon on RateMyProfessor. When an identical online course is published under the name of a man and a woman, the course by the woman is rated lower. Finally, in course evaluations, male lecturers receive significantly more responses commenting on their personality and less responses commenting on their appearance.
So, what now?
Without proportional representation, we take the risk of producing biased research. With the current measures, we are not going to achieve equal representation in key top positions in the next ten years, probably not even in the next 20 or 30 years. The associate professor input is simply too small, and even methods that should be purely quality-based are biased. Moreover, there are few incentives for women to move on: financial rewards and appreciation lag far behind men.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Fremantle, Western Australia
Infobox Australian Place | type = suburb
name = Fremantle
city = Perth
state = wa
caption = Aerial view of Fremantle port
lga = City of Fremantle
postcode = 6160
est = 1829
pop = 7,643Census 2001 AUS|id=SSC51481|name=Fremantle (State Suburb)|accessdate=2007-06-30|quick=on]
area = 5.6
propval = $638,000 (six months to Aug 2007) [http://www.homepriceguide.com.au/snapshot/price/index.cfm?action=view&suburbORpostcode=6160&st_locale=Fremantle Home Price Guide]
stategov = Fremantle
fedgov = Fremantle
near-nw = "Indian Ocean"
near-n = North Fremantle
near-ne = East Fremantle
near-w = "Indian Ocean"
near-e = Palmyra
White Gum Valley
near-sw = "Indian Ocean"
near-s = South Fremantle
near-se = Beaconsfield
dist1 = 19 | dir1 = SW | location1= Perth
Fremantle (commonly known as Freo) is a port city in Western Australia, located convert|19|km|mi|0|lk=on southwest of Perth, the state capital, at the mouth of the Swan River on Australia's western coast. It was the first settlement of the Swan River Colonists in 1829. It was declared a city in 1929, and has a population of approximately 26,000.
The city is named after Charles Fremantle, the English naval officer who had pronounced possession of
Western Australia and who established the camp at the site. The city contains well preserved buildings and other heritage sites. The Western Australian vernacular diminutive for Fremantle is "Freo". [Australians generally favour the pronunciation "FREE-mantle" over its English antecedent "Fre-MAN-tle". However, the stress commonly reverts to the second syllable in phonetic compounds such as 'North Fre-MAN-tle', 'South Fre-MAN-tle', etc. "Freo" is pronounced FREE-oh.]
Fremantle lies on a series of limestone hills known by the Nyungar people as "Booyeembara"; the sandplain to the east is "Gardoo". [Lyon, R. M., "A Glance at the Manners and Languages of the Aboriginal Inhabitants of Western Australia", 1833; published in Green 1979 (below).] [Green, N. (ed.) "Nyungar: The People", Creative Research Publishing, Mt Lawley College, Perth, 1979] The original vegetation of the area was mainly Xanthorrhoea and eucalyptus trees, being fired annually (in late spring or summer) by the traditional owners.
Fremantle is the end of a train line that runs from Perth to Fremantle, run by the WA's Public Transport Authority.
Fremantle is subject to weather and climate relative to seaside communities - to the point that the regular sea breeze is known as the Fremantle Doctor, as it has a cooling effect to provide relief from the summer heat.
On 25 April 1829, the ship "HMS Challenger" under the guidance of Captain Fremantle had arrived in the waters off the Fremantle coast to make preparations for the Swan River Colony.
On 2 May, 1829, Captain Fremantle formally took possession on behalf of King George IV of the entire west coast of New Holland in a ceremony conducted just near the south head of the Swan River. A few days later a camp was set up in a bay just south of the head, and Fremantle has been occupied ever since.
A month later, on 1 June Captain James Stirling on the "Parmelia" arrived to officially set up the Swan River Colony. Perth itself was not settled until 12 August that year.
Captain Fremantle left the colony on 25 August after providing much assistance to Stirling in setting up the colony. It was then that Stirling decided to name the port settlement 'Fremantle'. [Appleyard, R. T. and Manford, Toby (1979). "The Beginning: European Discovery and Early Settlement of Swan River Western Australia", University of Western Australia Press. ISBN 0-85564-146-0. (for early history)]
In 1897, Irish-born engineer C. Y. O'Connor deepened Fremantle harbour and removed the limestone bar and sand shoals across the entrance to the Swan River, thus rendering Fremantle a serviceable port for commercial shipping [cite web|url=http://localhero.biz/article/permatitle/history_of_fremantle,_western_australia/|title=Local history of Fremantle|author="LocalHero"] . Fremantle still serves as the chief general seaport for Western Australia, though far greater tonnages are exported from the iron-ore ports of the Pilbara.
Fremantle has seen many industrial conflicts, the most famous of which occurred in 1919 when rioting broke out during "the lumpers' strike", resulting in one death and many injuries. [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Fremantle_Wharf_Crisis_of_1919]
During World War II, Fremantle was the second largest base for Allied submarines operating in the Pacific theatre. There were up to 125 US, 31 British and 11 Free Dutch submarines operating out of Fremantle, until the Americans moved forward to the Philippines. The movements and presence of USS Sturgeon (SS-187) is a good example of such activity.
Fremantle has produced some significant Australian political figures. John Curtin served as Prime Minister of Australia during World War II, and is often described as one of the nation's greatest political leaders. The state's largest university and a major secondary school in Fremantle are named for him, and his statue stands in Kings Square near the Fremantle Town Hall. A long-serving mayor of the town, Sir Frank Gibson (1919-23 and 1926-52), was also a Liberal parliamentarian from 1942 to 1956. Gibson, a pharmacist with a shop in the High Street, was admired by all sides of politics for his civic leadership and tireless work for the city, especially during World War II, when he is said to have visited every ship that called at the port. He was a leading figure in many civic organisations and his stepson, Dr Roger Dunkley, was medical officer with the 2nd/2nd Independent Company during the Timor campaign in World War II.
Heritage and Buildings
precinct as merchant and shipping companies built in the West end and on reclaimed land. [cite book |last= Irving|first= Robert (arch. consultant)|authorlink= |coauthors=, et al |editor= |others= Morrison, Robin (Photos)|title=Book of Historic Australian Towns |edition=1 |series= |date= |year=1982 |month= |publisher=Readers Digest |location= |language= |isbn=0 909486 93 X |oclc= |doi= |id= |pages=134-139 |chapter= |chapterurl= |quote=Easily quarried limestone was as popular with colonial builders as sandstone or bluestone was with their counterparts in New South Wales or Victoria]
The Round House, the oldest remaining building in Western Australia, was built as a gaol between 1830 - 1831.cite web|url=http://www.freofocus.com/things2c/html/roundhouse.cfm|title=Fremantle Focus, History and Heritage] The Round House had eight cells and a gaoler's residence, which all opened up into a central courtyard. In the 1800s, bay whaling was carried out from Bathers Beach below the Round House. As part of the whaling operations, a tunnel was constructed under the Round House to provide whalers with access to the town from the jetty and beach.
When the first 75 convicts arrived from Britain in 1850 to support the colony's dwindling population, it became apparent that the Round House was inadequate to house them. The convicts built a new gaol, which was completed in the 1850s and continued to be used as Fremantle's prison until 1991.
The Round House is located in what is now known as Fremantle's West End: a collection of streets characterised by late Georgian and Victorian-style architecture at the tip of the southern end of the port. A process of gentrification in the early 1990s was accelerated by the establishment of the University of Notre Dame Australia, which occupies, and has restored, many of the buildings in the West End.
Fremantle Prison was once one of the most notorious prisons in the British Empire. It housed British convicts, local prisoners, military prisoners, enemy aliens and prisoners of war. It is now one of the state's heritage sites. Fremantle Prison was featured on an episode of The Amazing Race in 2006.
The majestic Fremantle History Museum is another building constructed in the 1860s by convicts from indigenous limestone: it is a former asylum building on Ord Street, and is one of Fremantle's most significant landmarks. This building was the land base of the U.S. Navy during WWII. It now also houses the Fremantle Arts Centre and the Immigration Museum, which aims to preserve the history and stories of all immigrants who arrived in Western Australia.
The Fremantle Markets opened in 1897, forming a precinct providing handicrafts, specialty foods, dining halls and fish and vegetable markets. The area also hosts buskers and other street performers. The Premier of Western Australia, Sir John Forrest, laid the foundation stone for the markets on Saturday 6 November, 1897. Over 150 stalls are housed in its old Victorian-era building, which was listed by the National Trust and Heritage Council in 1980. The adjacent Sail & Anchor Hotel is a historic building which contains a microbrewery.
The National Hotel, one of the city's historic buildings, was almost destroyed by fire on the night of Sunday, March 11, 2007 - while the inside was gutted, the historic facade was saved and its new owners are working to stabilise the building and restore it so the hotel can operate once more.
The National Trust of Australia have designated the grave of formerAC/DC lead singer Bon Scott a national heritage site, in recognition of the thousands of rock music fans who visit it each year [ [http://www.theage.com.au/news/people/bon-scott-lives-on/2006/02/16/1140037818219.html Bon Scott grave] ] .
Fremantle has a broadly mixed-class of professions yet high unemployment (10.2%), multi ethnic population, and an above average proportion of rented dwellings (43%) of which larger than average proportion owned by Homeswest (40.1%). Fremantle has supported the Australian Labor Party at both Federal and state elections. [http://results.aec.gov.au/12246/results/HouseDivisionFirstPrefs-12246-240.htm Australian Electoral Commission 2004 Federal Election Results]
For a town of smaller size Fremantle is very diverse. Only 64% of the population was born in Australia. The largest overseas-born population groups come from the United Kingdom, Italy, New Zealand, Ireland and Germany.There are also sizeable Portuguese(Madeiran) and Croatian communities.
On Census Night 4,485 persons in Fremantle (State Suburb) stated they were born in Australia. Other popular responses within Fremantle (State Suburb) were 760 born in England, 325 born in Italy, 210 born in New Zealand, 118 born in Scotland and 69 born in Portugal.
Some 57% of the population is Christian, largely Roman Catholic and Anglican. [cite web | url = http://commercial.domain.com.au/public/SuburbProfile.aspx?mode=buy&suburb=Fremantle&postcode=6160 | title = Suburb profiles | accessdate = 2007-04-17 | year = 2007 | month = | format = aspx | work = Domain Commercial | publisher = Fairfax Digital | pages = | language = | archiveurl = | archivedate = | quote = Religion - Top 5(6160 cp. Perth):Catholic	32%	30%No Religion	31%	22%Anglican	20%	25%Uniting Church	3%	5%Presbyterian and Reformed	2%	3%]
The city is popular with diners, catering for all tastes and budgets. Italian and Asian cuisine is abundant as well as a vast variety of seafood restaurants. There are numerous cafes and coffee shops situated around Fremantle, particularly on its famous 'Cappuccino Strip' - a section of South Terrace given over to "alfresco" dining since 1977. [cite web | url = http://www.fremantle.wa.gov.au/main/html/about_history.cfm | title = fremantle Focus | accessdate = 2007-04-17| format = .cfm | work = Fremantle > about freo > about history| publisher = Government of Western Australia | quote = Nunzio Gumina introduced al fresco dining at Papa Luigi's coffee shop in South Terrace, the start of development of the Cappuccino Strip.]
The city has an operational fishing boat harbour which contain markets and restaurants, developed as a tourist precinct. Fishing charter boats also operate from this harbour.
Fremantle is a popular place for its nightlife, second only to Northbridge in Perth's CBD. It attracts people from all over the metropolitan region for its pubs, bars and nightclubs.
Fremantle is home to Bathers Beach, South Beach, Port Beach, Leighton Beach and Sandtrax with several of Western Australia's other beautiful beaches nearby on Transperth's Fremantle railway line, most notably Cottesloe Beach, less than ten minutes away by rail.
The cooling breeze blowing from Fremantle to Perth during the hot summer is colloquially known as the "Fremantle Doctor".
In 2011 Fremantle will host the ISAF Sailing World Championships.
Fremantle was the host city for the America's Cup yachting race in 1987, after Australia was the first country to ever win the race, aside from the USA, in 1983. The unsuccessful cup defence was conducted on the waters in Gage Roads, off Fremantle.
Fremantle is the home to an AFL team, the Fremantle Football Club (colloquially known as the Dockers). It has a fierce rivalry with the West Coast Eagles, the only other West Australian AFL team. However, it should be noted that both clubs play their games at Subiaco Oval in Perth, rather than in Fremantle. This rivalry is put on display twice a year when the two teams play each other in a match known as the Western Derby (In WA it is pronounced as Durby rather than Darby) at Subiaco Oval, attracting capacity crowds. The city also has two teams in the state football league (WAFL), East Fremantle and South Fremantle.The derbies are played at Fremantle Oval and East Fremantle Oval.
uburbs
* Beaconsfield
* Fremantle
* Hilton*
* North Fremantle
* O'Connor
* Samson
* South Fremantle
* White Gum Valley( * indicates suburb partially located within City)
* Fremantle Hospital
* Fremantle Football Club
* Fremantle Prison
* Fremantle railway station
* [http://www.freofocus.com/main/html/about_history.cfm Fremantle historical time-line]
* [http://www.westernaustralia.net/fast_facts/download/pdf/fremantle_brochure.pdf Tourist Information on Fremantle]
* [http://www.freofocus.com.au City of Fremantle]
* [http://www.fremantlefestivals.com Festivals in Fremantle]
* [http://www.fremantletrails.com.au Fremantle Trails]
* [http://www.fremantle.org.au Fremantle Tourism]
* [http://www.fremantlechamber.com.au Fremantle Chamber of Commerce]
* [http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/storypage.aspx?StoryId=117201 abs-cbnnews.com, 48 hours in Fremantle]
* [http://www.fremantleports.com.au/ Fremantle Port Authority]
Earth radius
North Fremantle, Western Australia — North Fremantle Perth, Western Australia Dingo Flour mill … Wikipedia
South Fremantle, Western Australia — Infobox Australian Place | type = suburb name = South Fremantle city = City of Fremantle state = Western Australia caption = South Fremantle Power Station lga = City of Fremantle postcode = 6162 est = pop = 2,794 (2006 Census) area = propval =… … Wikipedia
East Fremantle, Western Australia — Infobox Australian Place | type = suburb name=East Fremantle city=Perth state=wa caption= lga=Town of East Fremantle area=3.1 postcode=6158 pop=6,327 (2001 census) [2001 Census, Australian Bureau of Statistics] dist1=17 location1=Perth est=1890s… … Wikipedia
Western Australia — Western Australian. a state in W Australia. 1,273,624; 975,920 sq. mi. (2,527,635 sq. km). Cap.: Perth. * * * State (pop., 2001: 1,906,114), western Australia. Covering 976,790 sq mi (2,529,880 sq km), it constitutes one third of the continent s… … Universalium
Western Australia — Flagge Wappen (Details) … Deutsch Wikipedia
Western Australia — [ westən ɔ streɪljə], Wẹst|australi|en, größter Bundesstaat von Australien, im Westen des Kontinents, umfasst mit 2 529 880 km2 32,9 % der Gesamtfläche Australiens, aber mit (1999) 1,848 Mio. Einwohner nur 9,8 % der Gesamtbevölkerung;… … Universal-Lexikon
Western Australia — Coordinates: 26°0′S 121°0′E / 26°S 121°E / 26; 121 … Wikipedia
Western Australia — Australie Occidentale Western Australia (Australie Occidentale) … Wikipédia en Français
Western Mail (Western Australia) — The Western Mail , or Western Mail , was the name of two weekly newspapers published in Perth, Western Australia.West Australian newspapersThe first Western Mail was published between 19 December 1885 and 23 October 1896 as a joint venture by… … Wikipedia
Western Australia Rugby League — The Western Australia Rugby League (WARL) is responsible for administering the game of rugby league in Western Australia. The WARL was formed in 1948 with Fremantle, Perth, South Perth and Cottesloe as the foundation clubs. The League will also… … Wikipedia


A belief that the major you choose will dictate your future career options.
Pressure from family and friends to choose a major they "think" would be good for you.
Concern that you'll have to attend graduate school if you chose a particular major.
It may just be that you don't have enough information about the majors offered and the career choices related to them. So, what are you to do?
Never fear, the Career Center is here to help you! We believe that in order to figure out what you want to do in life, you need to know who you are first. That's why the Career Center takes a comprehensive approach in helping you choose a major.
We think that it's important for you to be aware of your personality, interests, values, and skills in order to find the major that best fits you. See the assessments page to take career tests that help you gain personal awareness. In addition to learning about your major, it's also necessary to be knowledgeable about how your choice of major relates to your potential career options. Take a look below and see what we mean!
Choosing a major takes time and involves research. Check out the Career Center's suggestions for developing a four year plan.
When do I have to choose a major?
How do I start the process of choosing my major?
One way to learn about yourself is to complete career tests, which are also called assessments.
While these inventories indicate how your answers relate to possible majors and career choices, they are not the final answer. Assessments won't tell you what you should "be" or what you should "do." They are simply tools to help you clarify your thinking and identify options.
Once you complete an assessment, we recommend you make an appointment with your Career Consultant to make the best use of the information, and for more information on interpreting your test results.
To obtain the passwords to take these tests, please call the Career Center at (706) 542-3375.
O*NET Interest Profiler: The O*NET Interest Profiler can help you find out what your interests are and how they relate to the world of work.
Strong Interest Inventory: This test is available online for a nominal fee of $30. To pay by cash or credit card (Visa, MC, or American Express), come to the Career Center reception desk or call (706) 542-3375. To obtain your Strong Interest Inventory results, you must schedule a one-on-one meeting with your Career Consultant.
Once you have completed assessments, use O*NET Online to learn about careers.


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text:
Why U.S. LNG Can't Win In Europe
Competition in EU gas markets…
LNG Spot Prices Could Explode If Iran Crisis Escalates
Despite the small chance of…
Nick Cunningham
Nick Cunningham is an independent journalist, covering oil and gas, energy and environmental policy, and international politics. He is based in Portland, Oregon.
Freezing Winter Sees Natural Gas Prices Surge
By Nick Cunningham - Dec 27, 2016, 6:00 PM CST
Natural gas prices are surging as cold weather eats into U.S. inventories, tightening the market much more quickly than many analysts had expected.
The blast of Arctic weather in December put a strain on natural gas markets, with millions of people cranking up the heat to keep warm. The EIA reported a surprise drop in storage levels in the week ending on December 16, falling by 209 billion cubic feet. That decline puts total storage levels at 3,597 Bcf, or just a small 78 Bcf above the five-year average.
Such a scenario was difficult to imagine earlier this year, when the U.S. was emerging from peak winter demand season with record levels of gas sitting in storage. Flush with supply, prices crashed below $2/MMBtu. But natural gas production suddenly started to fall after years of blistering growth, upending forecasts calling for years of oversupply. Meanwhile, demand continues to rise as gas-fired power plants replace coal, so while natural gas consumption is highly seasonal, the seasonal peaks are getting taller and the valleys are getting shallower. Structural demand will continue to rise.
By mid-December, Arctic weather descended on much of the U.S., pushing temperatures to extremely low levels. As a result, the heating degree days (HDD) – a measure of demand for gas pertaining to home heating – was 11 percent above average.
But seasonal shifts still matter. In the first three weeks of December U.S. natural gas consumption averaged 92 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d), up 21 percent from year-ago levels and also 17 percent above the five-year average. In other words, the U.S. is consuming natural gas at record levels, leading to a much faster drawdown in inventories than had been predicted earlier this year. Related: The U.S. Oil Rig Count Hits Its Highest Level Since January
The end result is that natural gas prices are surging, topping $3.70 per million Btu (MMBtu), the highest price in years. The tightening of the market and the rise in prices is a godsend for struggling gas drillers, which had fallen out of favor with investors in recent years because of persistently low prices. Chesapeake Energy, one of the largest natural gas producers in the U.S., has seen its share price spike by more than 300 percent this year, and it's also up by more than a third in just the past few months, reflecting the rise in gas prices.
As the market improves, natural gas drillers are starting to do something that they have not one in years: add rigs back to the gas fields. Natural gas production climbed for years, right through until early 2016, even though gas producers suffered from years of low prices. The reason is that even as natural gas drilling stopped growing, the mad dash for oil led to rising output of associated gas. So even as the gas rig count fell, output did not, that is, until the crash of oil prices led to a drying up of oil drilling.
Now, rising gas prices could lead to an uptick in gas drilling as companies once again return to targeting gas formations specifically. The gas rig count is now up to 129, up more than 30 percent in just the past few months. Most of those extra rigs have been deployed in the Marcellus and Utica Shales in Pennsylvania and Ohio, along with the Haynesville Shale in Louisiana, a few of the most gas-rich areas of the country.
The coal industry could get a temporary reprieve with higher natural gas prices. 2016 is expected to be the first full-year in which gas controlled a larger market share than coal, and while the trend towards gas is expected to continue, coal plants could be called upon more often in the near-term because of tightening gas supplies. Related: The Unsustainable $60 Oil Spike In 2017
While drillers and coal miners are excited about rising gas prices, costlier gas is not good for many others. Petrochemical companies, using gas as a feedstock for a range of products including plastics and fertilizer, will have to pay more. So too will consumers. LNG exporters, depending on how their contracts are structured, could take a hit. U.S. LNG could become less competitive abroad.
It remains to be seen if output will rebound quickly. If not, a cold winter and rising structural demand for gas could see further gains in prices, potentially topping $4/MMBtu before the start of injection season in the spring. Regional bottlenecks could emerge once again, with prices temporarily spiking much higher. In the winter of 2014, bottlenecks and shortages led to a massive price spike for New England, which is less likely but not entirely out of the realm of possibility either.
The shale gas revolution made headlines long before the boom in oil drilling. Shale gas could once again become a point of focus for the industry.
By Nick Cunningham of Oilprice.com
Oil Rally Gains Momentum Ahead Of OPEC Cuts
The X-Factor Nation Returning To The Oil Game
Oil Price Roulette: Investors Bet On $100 Oil
A New World Order Is Emerging In Natural Gas
Plunging Natural Gas Inventories Pull Prices Even Higher
CaliforniaNut on December 27 2016 said:
It's been cold for SoCal and have been using more of my gas fireplace so far. I don't expect prices to remain high for long as the long term demand should continue to increase as the share of coal decreases and NG fleets increase. Don't know what exporters will be doing but regardless oil rig counts should continue to climb.


In a previous article I described how I built an FDM 3D printer using mostly wood and hand-tools. At the end of that process I had a working 3D printer, but just barely. The first things I made with the printer were parts to improve the printer itself, essentially 'pulling myself up by my bootstraps' to a better and more functional printer. This article describes that bootstrapping process.
By the way, click on any photo to see a larger version!
The first parts I printed with my 3D printer were endstop holders. I didn't have any good mount for the z-axis endstop switch, and the x-axis endstop assembly was a combination of a big, ungainly bracket and a microswitch with an absurdly long lever arm that was not steady at all and not really in the right place to start with. I don't recall exactly what holder I used, it was either this design from Thingiverse or something very much like it. The first one I printed didn't quite fit the smooth rod of the printer as well as I'd like, so I adjusted the dimensions in the OpenSCAD file associated with that thing and made a couple more.
The photos at left show the first holder being printed, and the X and Z axis switches mounted on their printed holders. (The Y-axis switch was installed in just the right spot on its bracket underneath the build platform -- purely by luck -- so I left it as-is.) The holder shown still on the build platform was my very first 3D print that wasn't the test cube. I was printing on bare glass at that point, and as you can see at the back of the part, I was having adhesion problems. I think I had coated the platform with sugar water -- I remember doing that for a time before switching to kapton tape (and I don't see any tape in that photo), but I don't remember if I first tried sugar water before making these parts. You can also see that I printed the holder on top of a raft. That was done partly in an attempt to improve adhesion, and partly because I was exploring the various print options in Repetier / Slic3r.
One additional reason for adhesion problems was that I was still using the PCB heatbed from Sainsmart, which had too high a resistance and therefore couldn't get up to the necessary operating temperature of ~100 °C (that's black ABS I was printing with).
This simple endstop switch holder design isn't really ideal for the Z axis. The ones I printed proved to be a little wobbly. That's not a big deal for the X axis, but the Z axis needs to be very consistent so that the gap between the hotend nozzle and build platform is correct for each print. Getting that gap correct in the first place can be a struggle, and an adjustable Z axis endstop holder would make that much easier. I didn't print an adjustable holder because I didn't appreciate how useful it would be at the time, and because I was struggling to get anything printed at all!
Next I tackled the Y axis. My wooden bearing blocks holding the build platform were rather crooked, which warped the wooden platform and put extra force on the Y axis bushings, making its movement rough. So, I printed better bearing blocks for the Y axis.
The endstop holders were designed in OpenSCAD; that's what the original uploader of that thing used, so I stuck with it when making my dimensional adjustments. OpenSCAD reminds me of POVRay, which I played with when I was a teenager ... a long time ago. Since then I have done a lot of design work with traditional 3D modeling CAD systems (Unigraphics, etc.) and that now feels more natural to me; working with OpenSCAD felt a little clunky. There aren't a ton of free 3D modeling CAD systems out there. At the time I was doing this the only option I could find was FreeCAD, so that's what I used to design this part. I have to say, FreeCAD drove me up the wall. Making changes a few steps back in a part's history usually messed up the associativity of all subsequent features, and the program crashed on me pretty often. I was using version 0.14, and I see that a new version (0.15) is now out. It might work better, but I haven't given it a try.
The photos at right show a closeup of the bushing blocks and how they were installed in the printer. (Look at how flat and level that build platform is!) There are recesses in the base of each block sized to capture #2 nuts. The recesses (as well as the screw holes) are elongated across the part to allow some play. Each block has four mounting holes, though I ended up using just two at opposite corners for each block. I had had significant trouble with my wooden bushing blocks being a bit floppy, which torqued the bushings and caused them to jam, so I tried hard to make these parts rigid. It seemed to work; I never had a problem with them. I wasn't sure that the holes in the blocks for the bushings were perfectly straight, so I glued the bushings in place and then put a smooth through each block while the glue dried to ensure that the bushings in each block stayed perfectly in line with each other.
Even after replacing the bushing blocks the movement of the Y axis was still a bit shaky. One problem was the mount for the Y-axis motor: It was held in place with a bracket that attached to the wooden base plate of the printer. That baseplate was not all that rigid, so the motor and its mount could flex up and down when the motor turned, rather than moving the build platform. So, I reworked the rest of the Y axis. I printed a new motor mount that was fastened to both the base plate and the board that held Y-axis smooth rods, which made a solid mount for the motor and stiffened the printer overall. This new mount also lowered the motor by a few millimeters, so I made a new rear pulley mount as well to match. This new mount was mounted on the front side of the rear Y rod holder, rather than sticking out the back of the printer like the first mount did. The change left less room for connecting the belt to the build platform, so instead of attaching one end of the belt to a (rather large) spring, I spring-mounted the rear pulley.
I can't seem to find any photos of the Y motor mount, so at left is a render of it. The motor was attached to the left side of the mount; you can see cutouts in the two vertical walls for the pulley and for the belt to go backwards through and past the mount. The spring mounting of the rear pulley isn't visible; on the back side of the board the two mounting screws each have a helical spring captured between their head and the board. If the mount is pulled forwards it can move slightly by compressing the springs.
These new parts for the Y axis were not entirely successful. The Y belt would often skip unless I kept the Y axis acceleration low, typically below 2 m/s2. This printer never printed very quickly, and this low acceleration was one of the chief causes of its slowness.
Finally, I reworked the X axis assembly. You might notice a progression in terms of part size and complexity: first I only attempted to print small things, like the endstop switch holders. The build platform bushing blocks and Y axis motor mount were a bit larger and took longer to print. The parts for the new X axis assembly were larger still, and I tackled them only after I had some confidence that the parts would adhere to the build platform reasonably well and the printer would run long enough to print the whole part.
The photos on the left show the assembly; the first one is a front view and the second is the rear view with belt installed; in both cases the stepper motor indicates the left side of the assembly. I secured the belt to the X axis carriage by printing a slot with ridges matching the tooth profile of the belt, which is barely visible in the rear view photo. I made the slots taller than the width of the belt so I could put holes above them; putting a screw and nut through the holes would prevent the belts from working their way up and out of the slots and would also hold the top of the slot together so the two halves couldn't get pried apart when the belt was put in tension. That proved unnecessary and I can't remember if I ever even installed the screws. I gave the X carriage a single 6mm hole in its front face for securing the extruder. To keep tension in the belt I made the idler pulley on the right side spring-loaded, and that worked pretty well (unlike on the Y axis).
For all the parts of this assembly I reused the same bushings that were in the wooden blocks of the original printer,which means I had to make the holes for the bushings a few different sizes and they were generally not interchangeable.
I made little nutplates to clamp the 1/4" nuts that rode on the threaded rods to move this assembly vertically. Every time I used the printer, up until I had this new assembly installed, I worried that the hot glue holding those nuts in the original parts would break loose. It never happened, but hot glue is generally not a good long-term solution for assembling things in my experience!
I wimped out and left the arrangement of the vertical smooth and threaded rods as-is; I kind of wish I had reworked them and their mounts as well. Recall that the smooth rods guide the assembly, but it is the threaded rods that carry its weight. My arrangement of them was with the smooth rods on the outside and threaded rods on the inside on both sides of the printer. The (rather heavy) stepper motor on the left had to be placed far enough out to avoid hitting the smooth rod, which meant it was cantilevered out a fair distance from the threaded rod on that side. When the X carriage with its extruder was in its home position, all the way to the left, that put pretty much all of the weight of the assembly on the left threaded rod. The rod had no problem carrying the weight, but leaving the right threaded rod with no weight on it meant it tended to ride upwards whenever the assembly was moved downwards. I had to remember to keep a finger on top of the right threaded rod whenever starting a print to keep it in place while homing the Z axis. If the rod were allowed to ride upwards too far it would jam and cause other problems. I could have rotated the blocks holding the vertical rods 180°, leaving the threaded rods in place but putting the smooth rods inside them. There would still have been room for the X carriage to have its full range of motion, but I could have brought the X stepper motor inwards and simplified the mounting of the X pulley on the right side. I didn't do it because I was afraid of changing too many things at the same time. Oh, well!
The biggest problem with this printer was one of speed. Even though I could print at reasonable speeds (~40-50 mm/s), printing anything took an extremely long time. The root of the problem was low acceleration, which I was not able to increase due to skipping of the Y axis belt. The impact of low acceleration was most obvious when printing something with fairly thin walls, say 4 or 5 mm thick, which involved many short stretches of infill -- the pause at the end of each run of infill as the print head slowed and then moved to the next infill strand stood out very much. I was also concerned with the effect of movement of the build platform on any tall pieces I printed. Anything tall could start to sway forward and backward with movement of the Y axis, making the upper portions of the print sloppy and perhaps breaking it loose from the platform altogether. With the low acceleration I was limited to this proved to not be a problem.
Because of this limitation of the printer, after I finished bootstrapping it I did not spend much more time trying to improve its design. I knew that I wanted to make an entirely new printer, and I would make it focused on speed. More on that in a future article!