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Guide on the disclosure of confidential information: Appendix B
Appendix B: Glossary
Acronyms / abbreviations
CASA: Court Appointed Special Advocate
C&P: Care and Protection
CMR: Code of Massachusetts Regulations
CRA: Child Requiring Assistance
DA: District Attorney
FERPA: Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act
GAL: Guardian ad Litem
HIPAA: Federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
G.L.: Massachusetts General Laws
Mass. R. Prof. C.: Massachusetts Rules of Professional Conduct
SRO: School Resource Officer
Massachusetts agencies referred to in this guide:
Committee for Public Counsel Services (CPCS): The state-funded organization that provides attorneys for indigent individuals in any cases where there is a right to counsel.
Department of Children and Families (DCF): The Massachusetts administrative agency charged with protecting children from abuse and neglect, and in partnership with families and communities, ensuring children are able to grow and thrive in a safe and nurturing environment. Formerly known as the Department of Social Services (DSS).
Department of Elementary and Secondary Education (ESE): The Massachusetts administrative agency responsible for overseeing the state's system of K-12 education. This includes strengthening standards, curriculum, instruction, and assessment; promoting educator development; supporting students' social-emotional learning, health, and safety; turning around the lowest performing districts and schools; and enhancing resource allocation and data use.
Department of Mental Health (DMH): The Massachusetts administrative agency responsible for setting the standards for the operation of mental health facilities and community residential programs and for providing clinical, rehabilitative and supportive services for adults with serious mental illness, and children and adolescents with serious mental illness or serious emotional disturbance. In addition, in collaboration with the Administrative Office of the Juvenile Court, DMH oversees the Juvenile Court Clinics providing behavioral health evaluation and consultation to each Juvenile Court division.
Department of Youth Services (DYS): The Massachusetts administrative agency responsible for providing delinquency prevention programming and services and facilities for the study, diagnosis, care, treatment, including physical and behavioral health and social services, education, training and rehabilitation of all children and youth referred or committed to the Department by the courts on delinquency or youthful offender matters.
Massachusetts Probation Service: Probation includes 105 Probation Departments in Boston Municipal, District, Superior, Juvenile, and Probate and Family Courts. In Juvenile Court, Probation Officers supervise children, adolescents, and young adults involved in delinquency, youthful offender and child requiring assistance matters, as well as, monitor the welfare of children who are before the Juvenile Court as subjects of parental abuse and neglect. In Probate and Family Court, Probation Officers assist the court, including by investigating custody issues, resolving disputes regarding visitation, and enforcing court orders regarding child support in a variety of civil matters such as divorce, paternity, guardianship and adoption.
51A report: Pursuant to G.L. c. 119, §51A, a report made to the Department of Children and Families alleging abuse or neglect of a child.
51B: Pursuant to G.L. c. 119, §51B, the investigation conducted by DCF of suspected child abuse or neglect that makes a written determination of the child's safety and risk and whether the report is substantiated.
Adjudication: The process of judicially deciding a case. In a delinquency or youthful offender case, the finding of "delinquent" or "not delinquent" or "youthful offender" or "not youthful offender" or "guilty" or "not guilty." In Care and Protection cases, the determination by the court whether a child is in need of care and protection.
Authorization for disclosure/Release of information (ROI): A document that legally authorizes entities to disclose protected information. An authorization/ROI may also be called a written consent. See also Signed Release.
Care and Protection Case (C&P): A court proceeding alleging abuse or neglect of a child in which a judge decides whether a child is in need of care and protection and whether to terminate parental rights.
Caregiver Authorization Affidavit: A document which allows the caregiver to make decisions and access records related to a child's education and health care, but the parent, legal guardian or legal custodian shares decision making authority. It must be signed by both the caregiver and the child's parent, legal guardian or legal custodian and notarized. The parent, legal guardian or legal custodian may cancel it at any time. (See Appendix E for sample).
Child: Any person under the age of 18.
Child Requiring Assistance (CRA): Child Requiring Assistance is a court case involving a child between the ages of 6 and 18 who repeatedly runs away from home and/or repeatedly fails to obey their parent or legal guardian or is a sexually exploited child; or a child between the ages of 6 and 16 who is alleged to be habitually truant from school or repeatedly fails to obey school rules. Previously called a "Child In Need of Services" or "CHINS."
Court Activity Record Information (CARI): A computerized database maintained by the Office of the Commissioner of Probation containing a record of all criminal, and some civil court actions related to a particular person, including delinquency and youthful offender cases. A CARI report lists a particular individual's involvement as a party in all of the courts of the Commonwealth.
Criminal Offender Record Information (CORI): Data maintained by the Department of Criminal Justice Information Services detailing an individual's criminal history, including charges and dispositions. A CORI report is a computer printout of an individual's CORI data.
Commitment (DYS): The order of a youth to either the care or the physical custody of the Department of Youth Services by a court in conjunction with a delinquency complaint, youthful offender indictment or probation violation. Youth committed to DYS care are detained awaiting resolution of their pending matters; youth are committed to DYS custody as a resolution to their pending delinquency, youthful offender or probation matters.
Confidential communication: Information exchanged between two people who have a relationship in which private communications are protected by law including between doctor and patient and between attorney and client.
Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA): A trained volunteer who is appointed by a judge to promote the best interests of a child in a Care and Protection proceeding.
Court Investigator: A person appointed by the judge to investigate the conditions affecting the child and family in a Care and Protection proceeding and make a report to the court under oath.
Court order: A directive of the court.
Court records: The official report of the proceedings in a case, including the filed papers, docket entries, transcript, recordings and tangible exhibits.
DCF Custody: When DCF is given the responsibility to exercise the custodial powers enumerated in G.L. c. 119, §21.
Delinquency, delinquency case, delinquency matter: Proceedings to decide whether a child between the ages of 12 and 18 violated a law of the Commonwealth or a city ordinance or town by-law. Delinquency proceedings are usually conducted by the Juvenile Court, in a few instances, by the District Court.
Detention: The temporary physical care provided by the Department of Youth Services in lieu of bail for a youth awaiting resolution of a pending delinquency complaint, youthful offender indictment or Probation violation, upon order by a court. Detained youth are committed to the care of DYS, pursuant to G.L. c. 119, §68.
Disclosure: The release of information (oral or written) about a person or entity.
Due Process: A fundamental principle of fairness in all legal matters. The universal guarantee of due process is in the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and is applied to all states by the 14th Amendment. It tells us what process is due to an individual when the state seeks to interfere with a constitutionally protected liberty interest.
Eligible Student: A student who can consent to the release/disclosure of student record information by virtue of being at least either age 14 or in the 9th grade.
Guardian of a minor: A guardian is a person appointed by the court to make decisions for a child, just as a parent would. A person can be appointed guardian of a child if the child's parents are unable or unavailable to care for the child. G.L. c 190B 5-201 et seq.
Guardian ad litem (GAL): An objective and independent professional, appointed by the court to participate in court proceedings on behalf of a child or incompetent person.
Individualized Education Program (IEP): A written statement, developed and approved in accordance with federal special education law in a form established by DESE that identifies a student's special education needs and describes the services a school district shall provide to meet those needs. For students with disabilities who do not require specialized instruction but need the assurance that they will receive equal access to public education and services, a 504 Plan is created to provide accommodations that the student needs.
Informed consent: Permission granted with the knowledge of the possible consequences, risks, and benefits.
Juvenile Court: The Juvenile Court Department is a statewide court with general jurisdiction over delinquency and youthful offender cases, adoptions, care and protection cases, termination of parental rights cases, and children requiring assistance (CRA).
Juvenile Court Clinician (JCC): A mental health professional who provides evaluations and consultations for the Juvenile Court.
Juvenile Court Probation Officer (PO): Juvenile Court Probation Officers supervise children, adolescents and young adults involved in youthful offender, delinquent, and Child Requiring Assistance (CRA) matters, as well as monitor the welfare of children who are before the Juvenile Court as subjects of Care and Protection cases.
Keeper of records: A unit or individual within an agency or entity that responds to requests for records.
Lamb Warning: A notification given to an individual by a clinician, prior to an evaluation, that the individual's participation is voluntary and may be terminated at any time, and that any communications made during the course of the evaluation will not be privileged and may be disclosed in court proceedings. A Lamb Warning is only valid if the individual knowingly and voluntarily agrees to waive the privilege upon receiving such notification. Commonwealth v. Lamb, 365 Mass. 265 (1974).
Mandated reporters: Individuals in certain professions who come in contact with a child who, in their professional capacity, have reasonable cause to believe that a child is suffering from abuse or neglect and therefore must file a report of abuse or neglect with the Department of Children and Families. G.L. c. 119, §§ 21 and 51A.
Mental health service providers: A person, partnership, or professional corporation comprised of appropriately licensed professionals such as social workers, counselors, psychologists, and psychiatrists.
Party: A participant in a legal proceeding.
Personal Representative (per HIPAA): A person authorized (under state or other applicable law, e.g., tribal or military law) to act on behalf of the individual in making health care related decisions.
Privilege: In legal proceedings, a person's right to refuse to disclose and to prevent other persons from disclosing confidential information.
Probate and Family Court: The Department of the Trial Court with jurisdiction over family-related matters such as divorce, separate support, paternity, child support, custody, visitation, adoption, termination of parental rights and abuse prevention and probate matters such as wills, trusts, administrations, guardianships, medical treatment cases, conservatorships and change of names.
Re-disclosure: Releasing information acquired from another to a third party. Also called disclosure of third party records.
Signed release (or written consent, written authorization, or release of information): A document that legally authorizes an entity or individual to disclose protected information.
Standing Order: A court order which is in force until specifically changed or withdrawn.
Student: A child or young adult attending a school.
Subpoena: A written request for the production of documents for court or for the appearance of a witness in court.
Third party record: A document or other record prepared by an individual or agency other than the record holder.
Waiver: A voluntary surrender of a claim, right or privilege.
Young Adult: DCF: A person between the ages of 18 and 23.
Youthful Offender proceedings: A class of cases where certain children between the ages of 14 and 18 can receive a juvenile, adult or combination sentence. G.L. 119, §§ 54 & 58.


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Deal Terms
RWI
Jim Reilly
COVID-19's (likely) impact on the US M&A market
19 March 2020 By:
Jon Venick
Christopher P. Giordano
The wide availability of financing and low interest rates of the past ten years has driven one of the most robust M&A markets in history. It is uncertain, however, what impact the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic will have on the M&A market over the short-, medium- and long-term. Outlined below are certain considerations that participants in the M&A market may wish to keep in mind as we progress through these unprecedented times.
For M&A transactions that have already signed but have yet to close, the key focus at the moment for many is on the certainty of consummating the transaction. Along these lines, there are a few key elements worth considering.
First, from the perspective of satisfying the conditions precedent contained in the definitive acquisition documentation, the focus in many deals will be on the "no material adverse change" or "MAC" condition. There will undoubtedly be arguments as to whether the current events constitute a material adverse change in the context of a proposed transaction. That being said, it is worth remembering that the ability to prove this standard has historically been elusive – not until the October 2018 in Akorn, Inc. v. Fresenius Kabi AG et al did the Delaware courts uphold a buyer's ability to terminate a merger based upon a determination that a material adverse change had occurred.
Second, for transactions that have a financing overlay (either traditional debt or third-party equity financing), buyers may wish to keep two primary considerations in mind: (i) symmetry of the MAC condition contained in both the definitive acquisition documents and the financing documents and (ii) to the extent applicable in the post-SunGard world (a transaction that materially transformed the overall acquisition financing market by limiting conditionality in the underlying financing documentation) the impact on any condition tied to the financial performance of the business being acquired. With respect to the first item, so long as there are no substantive gaps in the material adverse change definitions and corresponding conditions across the acquisition and financing documents, buyers should not find themselves in a scenario where the relevant condition to the acquisition is satisfied, but the corollary definition in the financing documents fails to be satisfied. The second consideration outlined above, however, may pose a greater risk to buyers under contract in the post-COVID-19 M&A market. More specifically, given the far-reaching impact that COVID-19 has had on local, national and global economies, the financial performance of targets across industries may be negatively and materially impacted. Accordingly, it is possible to foresee scenarios in which the impact of COVID-19 causes a target's financial performance to fall outside of the financial metrics on which the transaction and the related financing were priced, thus causing any "financial performance conditions" contained in the financing documents to be unsatisfied. However, for the reasons described above, it is also possible that the underlying elements may not be sufficient to rise to a material adverse change in the context of the definitive acquisition documentation. As a result, a buyer may be contractually obligated to close, but its financing sources may not be obligated to fund. In such a scenario, the parties will likely need to explore the dispute resolution and contractual remedies available (e.g., a reverse termination fee or specific performance) or otherwise renegotiate the terms of the transaction.
Third, despite any negative interim operating covenants contained within the definitive acquisition documentation, the buyer and seller will need to recognize the practical impact that COVID-19 will have on the target's business and the necessity of adjusting operations accordingly. For example, targets may need to incur indebtedness, defer capital expenditures or reduce production beyond contractually agreed-upon metrics in order to avoid material harm to operations and liquidity.
Fourth, when parties under contract are prepared to close, they should remain cognizant of any post-closing purchase price adjustments and the potential that such adjustments may be in excess of the pre-signing expectations of the parties. Accordingly, to the extent that a buyer has agreed to any form of cap on adjustments, a buyer may close into an incremental negative adjustment to value. Furthermore, in anticipation of closing, the parties should be aware of the potential limitations of historical financial data as a guidepost for current and future financial condition and performance; in preparing adjustment estimates, it may be necessary to build in additional cushion to account for the economic consequences, both known and unknown, from the COVID-19 outbreak.
Finally, with respect to transactions under contract intended to be financed with committed debt financing, if the debt markets are dislocated as a result of the COVID-19 impacts set forth above, lenders may experience greater difficulty syndicating the debt prior to closing. As a result, the committing lenders could exercise flex rights under the fee letter, which would result in higher pricing than the buyer had expected to receive at closing. Buyers are encouraged to model out worst-case scenarios from the financing perspective under their commitment agreements to understand the resultant potential decrease to the return on equity. If a buyer is not prepared for an increase in financing costs and the closing still occurs, we many see an increase in covenant and payment defaults within a short time following closing.
While it is far too early to understand or evaluate the true impact that the COVID-19 outbreak may have on the M&A market, participants in the market are encouraged to be mindful of their rights and obligations under all related agreements to avoid unintended consequences.
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What M&A Looks Like During the Pandemic
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My name is Paul James-Griffiths and I work with an agency called Edinburgh City Mission. My work is multi-faceted but also involves communicating the Christian message in science and the arts. I am also a writer and researcher.
When did you become a Christian and how has it changed you?
Quite unexpectedly I became a Christian in my 20s. I say 'unexpectedly' because even though I was involved in a thorough quest for the meaning of life in philosophy and spirituality, I was really closed to biblical Christianity. I was doing a sort of DIY attempt at salvaging what I thought was wisdom from a whole range of teachings, anything from Evolution and the Human Potential Movement, to Buddhism, Hinduism and Paganism. I suppose my belief system was a pantheistic evolutionary philosophy similar to that of the ancient Greeks. I think this was the sort of conclusion to which Einstein, Haeckel (one of Darwin's disciples) and others had come.
Without any sort of auto-suggestion I had a vision of Christ, judgement and heaven. This experience catapulted me into a deep search concerning the Bible. The more I investigated this book the more convinced I became that it was true. I do not know all the answers but the last 20 years of research has taught me some humility; often things that I had scoffed at in the Bible turn out to be true. My ongoing relationship with Christ has revolutionised the way I see life and how I behave, and has radically reconstructed how I build my marriage, family and lifestyle. In Christ I have great hope for this life and the next.
Creationism is quite a broad word with which to describe people that believe the Universe and life were created by an intelligent being that we call God. This is not just a Christian position, but it includes any people that believe in a Creator, whether they are Christians, Jews, Muslims or others. Also, there are different strands within these groups. Some accept evolution fully, except for the first cause of the universe being God; others have varying hybrid versions, and others accept a more literal reading of the Bible and Qur'an.
Furthermore, many scientists and philosophers have become Creationists as a result of their rigorous assessment of scientific evidence. I personally know of two agnostic Ph.D. biologists (from Cambridge and Durham) who became Creationists through Dawkins' books The Blind Watchmaker and The Selfish Gene. More recently, Sir Anthony Flew, formerly Professor of Philosophy at Oxford University, rejected Darwinism in favour of a Creator, because he followed the evidence where it led.
What is the Edinburgh Creation Group, and what does it do?
In November 2006 a small group of scientists (and one historian) launched the Edinburgh Creation Group with a vision to investigate Evolution scientifically, and to promote and investigate the alternative view – Creationism. Obviously Creationism is a faith position, but new ideas of Intelligent Design are being developed by biologists and philosophers without any religious connotations.
During the spring and autumn terms we invite different speakers each week to come and give presentations on these subjects. Most of the speakers are specialised in some particular area. For example, Professor John Walton, Head of Reactive Chemistry at St Andrews, gave a very challenging talk on the origin of life. More recently Dr Arthur Jones presented us with some really thoughtful material on the limits of natural selection based on his Ph.D. work on the diversification of the cichlid fish.
Is Darwin's Theory of Evolution unfounded?
There is a lot of confusion over this subject. I would like to make it clear that all the Creationists I know accept natural selection and adaptation as scientific facts (microevolution); however, many reject the idea that variation within each kind of creature is sufficient to suggest the common descent of all kinds of creatures from a single-celled organism (macroevolution). To go from one to the other is a huge leap of faith even at the molecular level; the evidence is simply not there.
The Law of Probability: even the probability of a single average globular protein appearing by chance is about 1 in 10130. That is a figure larger than the number of atoms in the history of the cosmos. And we have not even looked at the rest of the evolution package. More recently scientists have calculated the probability of the simplest genome emerging through random trials as 1 in 1080,000. Mathematicians generally regard 1 in 1045 as being the upper limit of sensible random processes.
The Law of Biogenesis: nobody has ever contradicted this law and demonstrated that life can come from non-life. Any successful attempts would involve intelligence.
The Law of Thermodynamics: everything on the planet is subject to decay, which works in opposition to evolution. Even open systems only work if there is existing machinery in place, such as proteins that control cellular function.
Information: all known codes are evidence of an intelligence; this should, if we are unbiased, include the DNA.
Heredity: In every experiment thus far when we have tried to demonstrate macroevolution, whether with Drosophila, E.Coli, or anything else, we have always found a fixed boundary beyond which the road leads only to dead ends or the lethal degeneration of a species.
Stasis in the Fossil Record: 40-80% of living forms today are represented in the fossil record, despite being told in many text books that only about 0.1% are in this category. The rocks testify that no macro-evolutionary change has ever occurred. With the Cambrian Explosion complex fish, trilobites and other creatures appear suddenly without any precursors. Evidence of any transitional forms in the fossil record is highly contentious.
Have you ever come against aggressive opposition as a Creationist?
Well, I haven't been put in prison yet! However, I have become used to years of ridicule, humiliation and verbal abuse. But that's alright. Gandhi once said: 'First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, then you win.' I think that we are on the verge of a paradigm shift in science and philosophy that will welcome fresh ideas, especially in the areas of information and design models.
To what extent do you agree with the way that science and religion are taught in Britain?
I am so grateful that we live in a democratic nation. I shudder to think what it would be like living in a fundamentalist religious or atheist country! However, I have noticed a growing fascist trend in Britain that hides under the banner of 'political correctness'. We are told that we should tolerate most things, and toleration is good, but increasingly Christians are being pushed into a corner and persecuted. If we protest, even with gentleness and respect, we are called 'fundamentalists'.
In the area of science I know of university biologists who are doing cutting edge research and who are realising that Darwinism does not work. Growing numbers are secretly being drawn to design models, because that is where the evidence leads us. However, very few will actually speak out publicly for fear of discrimination.
If we are allowed to use design methodology in archaeology (e.g. discerning Stone Age tools from normal rocks) and in forensic science, why can't we use it in biology? If NASA can spend billions of dollars on SETI to search for signs of intelligence in the cosmos, can't some money be put into serious design research in biology?
What are your thoughts on the Edinburgh Humanist Society, and how cordial have your interactions been?
We have really enjoyed open and honest discussions with the Humanist Society, and we have respect for the people. We may not agree on everything but we value the bridge of communication that has been formed between us. We would love to see a forum for open discussion for other societies as well, such as the Philosophical Society, The Pagan Society, Islamic Society and others.
Where can we find out more about Creationism?
You are very welcome to look at our website (edinburghcreationgroup.org) and download the videos of our talks on various subjects. If you want to view talks on full screen, make sure you allow time for them to download properly. You are also welcome to join us at the Edinburgh Creation Group presentations in Buccleuch Church, Buccleuch St every Tuesday evening at 7.30 pm, opposite the university and next to the Human Bein café. There is also a free booklet available whilst stocks last called The Evolution Crisis. It contains the accounts of five Ph.D. atheist scientists who became Christians (theevolutioncrisis.org.uk). Thank you.
Read the stories of 5 PhD atheist scientists who came to believe in the Creator.


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Tag: 1960s
Posted on July 22, 2022 August 15, 2022 by chloetalksfilm
Where the Crawdads Sing (2022)
Where the Crawdads Sing is a 2022 American coming of age crime film directed by Olivia Newman, based on the 2018 novel of the same name by Delia Owens. It stars Daisy Edgar-Jones, Taylor John Smith, Harris Dickinson, Michael Hyatt, Sterling Macer Jr. and David Strathairn.
Catherine "Kya" Clark is an imagainative girl grwing up in a North Carolina marsh on the coast during the 1950's. Her poor family live in a shack with their alcoholic and abusive father who gambles their money away. After her mother and sibling leave one by one, due to the abuse, Kya is left alone with him. Over time he softens up and then leaves her without word, a fews after the only day she spends in school. Now at the age of seven, she is completely alone, but learns how to survive, and the only way she makes any money to buy gas for her boat and food is to sell mussels she digs up herself. The other residents of Barkley Cove know little about Kya, nicknaming her "The Marsh Girl."
On the same day her father leaves her, Kya takes his boat as far as the ocean and gets lost trying to find her way home. Luckily she runs into an older boy named Tate Walker who shows her the way home safely. He was a friend of her older brother, Jodie and had known Kya since she was very little. Tate begins visiting her in the marsh and they become good friends as teenagers. He teaches her to read, write and even loans her books. Both share an interest in natures and they eventually start a romantic relationship. However, she gets left behind when Tate goes away to college and fails to keep his promise of visiting her on the fourth of July.
Over the next few years, as her knowledge and skills of biology grow, Kya sends her artwork and research to a publisher, as Tate encouraged previously and the payment from the book helps her keep her family's property. The publishing of the book leads her to seeing her brother Jodie again, now a military veteran. He tells her that her mother wanted to reunite with her children became sick leukemia and died. Jodie promises to visit her when he can.
By 1965, now 19 years old, Kya gets into a tryst with Chase Andrews, Barkley Cove's popular quaterback, who promises her marriage. When Kya finds out that Chase is already engaged to another girl, furious, she ends their relationship. Meanwhile Tate returns to town wanting to appologize to Kyra for leaving her behind and rekindle their relationship, but she is unsure. Chase keeps to get Kya back and wants to contunue their sexual relationship, but she rejects him. He then violently hits her and tries to rape her but Kya successfully fights him off and threatens to kill him if he messes with her again. The threat is overheard by a local fisherman.
Later Chase is found dead at the bottom of a fire tower, from which he had fallen. The tower is located in a muddy and wet bog that gets flooded at high tide. The surrounding area had no tracks from the killer and no fingerprints were found on the tower. A shell necklace Kya had given Chase was missing and he had be wearing it the evening of his death. The next day Kya is charged with murder and the townpeople jump to the conclusion that she is guilty.
This film is like Fried Green Tomatoes meets To Kill a Mockingbird, which makes it sound like it would be a great movie, but it is good at best. Based off a bestselling novel that is actually really good, you'd think the film version would be too. The acting is eqally great from all the main cast, the scenery is absolutely beautiful and they costumes are period and setting perfect. The soundtrack is also really good. The main problem with this one is it is really slow for much of the movie. Many scenes seem to drag on and I found myself getting rather bored many times throughout.
Had this film not been so slow, it would have been more enjoyable. Also, their is lots of kissing and sex, which I know this is also a romantic movie, but the director could have dialed that back a little, as we already knew the characters were in love without so much of that. This being mainly a murder myster film, made it fairly entertaining, but not captivating, though I love a good mystery and I like romance, as I am a hopeless romantic.
I really wanted to love this movie as much as I loved the book, but I just didn't. With the book, I couldn't put it down, with this film adaptation, I was thoroughly bored for a good bit of it. I am so disappointed I couldn't like the movie as much as novel. I just don't understand why it had to be so slow, why so much making out and sex and unlike the novel, why such little time was spent investigating the death of Chase. This film will very likely not win any Best Picture awards, probably not any Best Director awards either, but could possibly win a Best Actress or Actor trophy or Best Original Song for Taylor Swift's "Carolina."
Do I recommend this movie? Don't waste your time and money with this one in theater. If you really want to see it, wait for it to go to Redbox or streaming. Another pretty disappointing film based on a phenominal book. 18+ 3.5/5
1950s, 1960s, Crime, Daisy Edgar-Jones, death, drama, Harris Dickinson, romance, soundtrack, Taylor John Smith
Last Night in Soho (2021)
See How They Run (2022)
Classic of the Week: Summer Stock (1950)
Posted on November 4, 2021 August 15, 2022 by chloetalksfilm
Last Night in Soho is a 2021 British psychological horror film directed by Edgar Wright and starring Thomasin McKenzie, Anya Taylor-Joy, Matt Smith, Michael Ajao, Diana Rigg and Terrence Stamp. It is the final film appearances of Rigg and Margaret Nolan, who both died in 2020.
The film follows Eloise "Ellie" Turner, who loves the music and fashion of the Swinging Sixties and dreams of becoming a fashion designer. Her mother, who was also a designer, killed herself when Ellie was a child. Ellie occasionally sees her mother's ghost in mirrors.
Ellie moves from her rural house in Redruth, Cornwall, to London, to study at the London College of Fashion, where she has trouble fitting in with the other students, especially her stuck up roommate Jocasta. Only John, another student, is sympathetic towards her. Unhappy in the dorms of the school, Ellie moves into a bedsit in Goodge Place owned by the elderly Ms. Collins.
That night, Ellie has a vivid dream where she is carried back in time to the 1960s. At the Cafe de Paris, she sees a brave young blonde woman, Sandie, ask about becoming a singer at the club. Sandie begins a relationship with charming teddy boy manager, Jack. The next morning, Ellie designs a dress inspired by Sandie and discovers a love bite on her neck.
Ellie has another dream in which Sandie auditions at a Soho nightclub, arranged by Jack. before returning to the same bedsit that Ellie has rented. Inspired by these dreams, Ellie dyes her hair blonde, changes her clothing style and gets a job at a pub. She is approached by a grey haired man, who recognizes her resemblance to Sandie is not living the life she had wanted and Jack begins to pimp Sandie to his male business partners. Ellie begins an investigation after discovering in a dream that murders have taken place in the bedsit and soon discovers that the owner of the place she is renting from has a dark past and that she may or may not be the real Sandie.
This film is equal parts intense, twisted, bizarre and disturbing. The combination of putting present day London and 1960s London together is ingeniously done, combining the fashion and music of today's Britain to the fashion and music and to what it was in 60s, along with the two stories clashing together as one and at times separately. The soundtrack is great combining both sixties and 2000s hits, the fashion is fantastic, everything Sandie and Jack (others from the 60s) wear is beautiful and spot on with the time period, making the film both gorgeous and thrilling at the same time.
Thomasin McKenzie does a good, not great job in the film as Ellie Turner, but was not the best fit for the role. Anya Taylor-Joy is outstanding job as Sandie , Matt Smith is equally outstanding as Jack. Terrance Stamp is good as Lindsey, the grey haired older man who stalks Ellie at the pub, I just wish he had had more lines in the movie.
The film seems to jump into the wickedness almost too quickly, not really building up much beforehand. You do learn how Sandie meets Jack, but you learn too fast, so that part is bit rushed, making it seem like she becomes nightclub star and he becomes her boyfriend and pimp overnight, which is impossible. The story is almost all intensity and too much of it takes place in the 60s world and not in the present day. Also, the film towards the end, stretches the horror factor too far, making the landlady into the overdone insane character, which at first you think is Ellie.
If the director would've spent equal time in both eras, stopped the overdoing of the weird towards the end and cast a better actress for Ellie, the film would have been fantastic. It is still entertaining, but I don't see it winning any best picture awards or Palme d'Or at Cannes. But both Taylor-Joy and Smith deserve awards for their performances. 18+ 3.5/5
The Lighthouse (2019)
The Best of Enemies (2019)


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Anatomy of a sword: Part 1
Posted on April 12, 2013 by kuklagirl
Parts of a medieval sword
Since much combat in the Middle Ages took place at close quarters, swords were the weapons of choice. In earlier times as well as through the age of Christianity in Europe, swords were expensive and valued by their owners, passed down through families, engraved, and often given names, as told in many a legendary tale.
Swords were made of the best iron or steel available. The blades had to be strong but flexible to withstand hitting solid objects such as armor, shields, and other swords. Early medieval swords had twisted iron rods at their core which gave the blades flexibility, but iron proved too soft to hold a sharp edge; steel strips were welded on for this reason. The blade shape of these early swords was long and straight for the purpose of cutting. Chain mail was invented to counter the slashing force, but blows from these weapons could still break bones beneath.
As steel became more available in the later Middle Ages, swords were made of it entirely. The blade shape changed to counteract chain mail, turning more pointed to both cut and thrust. Early swords up through the mid-14th century had another feature, the fuller, which is a shallow groove that ran almost the full length of the blade. People often call this the "blood groove" but that is a misnomer and a myth. The fuller's purpose was to make the blade lighter and more flexible without compromising strength. A cross-section of the blade resembles a holly leaf. As blades became more tapered to a finer point to counteract plate armor, the fuller filled in; a cross-section of these blades from the later 14th through 15th centuries resembles a diamond.
Don't believe the myth that swords weighed 20 to 30 pounds; that just makes me laugh out loud! Light and fast blades were the point, literally.
More on the pommel and hand guard next time.
Posted in Armaments.Tagged armaments, blades, swords.


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An Asian Origin of Virulent Aeromonas Hydrophila Responsible for Disease Epidemics in United States-Farmed Catfish
Mohammad J. Hossain, Auburn University
Dawei Sun, Auburn University
Donald J. McGarey, Kennesaw State UniversityFollow
Shannon Wrenn, Auburn University
Unlabelled: Since 2009, catfish farming in the southeastern United States has been severely impacted by a highly virulent and clonal population of Aeromonas hydrophila causing motile Aeromonas septicemia (MAS) in catfish. The possible origin of this newly emerged highly virulent A. hydrophila strain is unknown. In this study, we show using whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomics that A. hydrophila isolates from diseased grass carp in China and catfish in the United States have highly similar genomes. Our phylogenomic analyses suggest that U.S. catfish isolates emerged from A. hydrophila populations of Asian origin. Furthermore, we identified an A. hydrophila strain isolated in 2004 from a diseased catfish in Mississippi, prior to the onset of the major epidemic outbreaks in Alabama starting in 2009, with genomic characteristics that are intermediate between those of the Asian and Alabama fish isolates. Investigation of A. hydrophila strain virulence demonstrated that the isolate from the U.S. catfish epidemic is significantly more virulent to both channel catfish and grass carp than is the Chinese carp isolate. This study implicates the importation of fish or fishery products into the United States as the source of highly virulent A. hydrophila that has caused severe epidemic outbreaks in United States-farmed catfish and further demonstrates the potential for invasive animal species to disseminate bacterial pathogens worldwide. Importance: Catfish aquaculture farming in the southeastern United States has been severely affected by the emergence of virulent Aeromonas hydrophila responsible for epidemic disease outbreaks, resulting in the death of over 10 million pounds of catfish. Because the origin of this newly emerged A. hydrophila strain is unknown, this study used a comparative genomics approach to conduct a phylogenomic analysis of A. hydrophila isolates obtained from the United States and Asia. Our results suggest that the virulent isolates from United States-farmed catfish have a recent common ancestor with A. hydrophila isolates from diseased Asian carp. We have also observed that an Asian carp isolate, like recent U.S. catfish isolates, is virulent in catfish. The results from this study suggest that the highly virulent U.S. epidemic isolates emerged from an Asian source and provide another example of the threat that invasive species pose in the dissemination of bacterial pathogens. (Copyright © 2014 Hossain et al.)
Journal ISSN
Copyright © 2015 by the American Society for Microbiology.
Hossain, Mohammad J.; Sun, Dawei; McGarey, Donald J.; and Wrenn, Shannon, "An Asian Origin of Virulent Aeromonas Hydrophila Responsible for Disease Epidemics in United States-Farmed Catfish" (2014). Faculty Publications. 3335.
https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/facpubs/3335
Genetics and Genomics Commons


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Home Apps WhatsApp Update brings Material Design for the App
WhatsApp Update brings Material Design for the App
nivedit
WhatsApp has seen a flurry of updates lately, with their calling feature giving new changes to the UI. The latest update which was released on April 14th saw the app getting a material makeover, in its latest version 2.12.38.
Lollipop users might find some animations and transitions familiar, as the application is now available in its complete and final material avatar. The colors are now much bolder, the animations smoother, the icons have become much cleaner, and the overall experience is now more seamless.
In this brief article, we cover all things new in the latest WhatsApp update.
There is Material Design everywhere, and I mean everywhere! Right from the starting page one can see the level of changes that have been made.
The Chats and Calls windows
The green colour takes a darker hue and all the colours are bolder. Moreover, the top border disappears when you scroll down – a true characteristic of material design.
Even in the chat windows, you can see material design at its best. The earlier 'send message' button has been replaced by a circular button to record the voice, which makes it much more aesthetically pleasing. The experience somewhat reminds the user of the Messenger app that came with the launch of Lollipop.
With the chat window, there are also some noteworthy changes in the attachment system. The attachment options haven't been changed, however their icons and the transition animations have got a material makeover.
Moreover, the information about a contact or a group is now much more visually appealing. The display photo appears in full resolution directly above the status, and is quite akin to what is there in the Contacts application that came with the Lollipop update.
And finally, the notifications which come when the phone is locked have also seen lots of material changes, specifically in the reply button and the contact image.
Overall, this can be touted as the biggest visual upgrade WhatsApp has seen in a long time. If you are interested in downloading this update, you could wait for the Play Store version to be upgraded, or you could download the application directly from the WhatsApp website and install it. This would automatically update your WhatsApp to the latest Material Design version.
You can download the latest version from here.
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Career abroad
CAREER IN BRAZIL
MASTERS & CHOREOGRAPHERS
NORA IN FOCO (Video/DVD)
"The Combat"
by Raffaello de Banfield
Nora Esteves arrived at the Joffrey Ballet School with a scholarship. After attending classes for one week, she was informed that Robert Joffrey wanted to hire her as a member of the Company. This was a very important term for Nora Esteves' technical development and artistic maturing, not only for the experience at this Ballet Company, but also for the experience acquired in a City such as New York, where she was alone, far from her Country for the first time, at 19 years old.
Nora also worked with choreographer Gerald Arpino, founder of the Company together with Joffrey, one of the most reputable choreographers in the US dance scenario at that time. At this Company, she participated of two tours, one in the Center West and another in the West Coast of the United States, staying one year in the Joffrey Ballet.
The highest point of her career in the United States was to be selected by the most important character of the US choreography, Jerome Robbins, to make part of the ballet authored by him called "Moves". This ballet was performed by five couples, and it lasted 20 minutes in the most absolute silence. Nora was highly praised by Variety's critics. At Joffrey's company, Nora had Hector Zaraspe as her master, and later, he would be greatly important in the development of her career. Invited by him, Nora performed "Le Corsaire" with Luis Fuentes in the City of Colony, Germany, in the Summer Dance Festival.
Zaraspe also invited her to participate of "Ballet Spectacular", a group of five couples from several parts of the world, leaded by Margot Fonteyn and Atílio Labis, in Buenos Ayres and in Montevideo. Also with Luis Fuentes, she danced the pas-de-deux of "Don Quixote" and "Le Corsaire".
Due to the works with George Skibine in Brazil, Nora was invited by him one year later, to perform the title-role of Sheherazade, with choreography by Skibine himself, in Paris, under the general direction of Robert Hossein, a show filmed by the French Television. Nora remained in France for five years. There, she participated of the following companies:
- Ballet Théâtre Contemporain at Angers (Cartier/Adrêt)
During her stay at the Ballet Théâtre Français, the French Television made a documentary called "Une Étoile de la Danse", recording scenes of artist's day by day life. As a guest étoile, she participated several times of the season of Massimo Theater of Palermo
Being invited by Tatiana Leskova, she played the main character in "The Nutcracker" in Hong Kong with the Hong Kong Ballet Company, and Jean Claude Ruiz was her partner.
She was the guest étoile in the International Ballet Festival of Havana City, in Cuba, in 1986, 1992 and 1994; in 1986, she also performed in the City of Camaguay. In 1986 and 1992, Paulo Rodrigues was her partner, and, in 1994, Francisco Timbó.
In 1990 she participated, once more, of the Official Season of the Massimo Theater of Palermo, as a guest étoile. Nora had consecrating critics in the several cities she toured.
In September 2007 and 2008 Nora was invited to deliver the Summer Course of Classic Ballet and Repertoire in the City of Crotone, in Italy, at Marie Taglione School.
In 2018 she has been in Moscow, at the Bolshoi Theater as a judge of the Benois de la Dance prize.
In 2019 she worked 50 days at the Opera of Rome, where she taught classes for the Opera dancers and performed choreography assistance for the ballet Le Sylphides, and accompanied the tour of the Opera Company of Rome to Lods, Poland.
Tours in Europe
Nora toured throughout France, Belgium and Italy, receiving excellent critics, with the Sheherazade Ballet. With Roland Petit, she toured through Italy and France.
She made a tour starting in São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Belo Horizonte, extending throughout South America, Central America and Mexico, in several cities of each country along two and a half years with the Ballet Théâtre Contemporain.
She toured through France's inland and several cities in Germany with Ballet Théâtre Français.
Le Corsaire,
also with
with Luiz Fuentes
Per Viola, with
Amadeo Amodio


A firefighter in northeast China risked his own life taking a burning gas tank out of a residential building on June 25.
A firefighter in northeast China risked his own life taking a burning gas tank out of a residential building on June 25, Knews reported.
A gas tank in the kitchen of a ninth floor apartment in Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province suddenly caught fire, forcing firefighters to come to the rescue.
A fireman wet his gloves, picked up the burning tank and rushed downstairs to remove it.
During the process, he had to keep changing hands due to the high temperature of the burning cylinder.
Finally, he successfully moved it to an open space outside the building and extinguished the flames.
The whole process took nine minutes, and at any moment the tank may have exploded.
Chinese netizens highly praised the fireman for his bravery, calling him a "real hero."


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Q: Include item only if not previously included with different metadata I have an MSBuild SDK that we use for our projects. We define various default properties and add custom items depending on the project type. Some of those items are added in the SDK.targets, after the user project is parsed.
I found a situation where I'd like to add some items but only if the user does not have them added themselves (to use whatever metadata values they have set).
Best way I found to achieve that is the following:
<Target Name="IncludeDefaults">
    <ItemGroup>
      <CustomItem Include="Foo" Value="Default"
        Condition="@(CustomItem->Equals('Foo')->Distinct()) == 'False'"/>
    </ItemGroup>
  </Target>

I know I can exclude items using Remove but that only ignores exact matches, including metadata. I tried various other combinations of attributes and processing to get around that but nothing seems to have worked.
In particular I have multiple items to add with default metadata so I'm looking for a single line solution.
Is this the best way of doing it, or is there something I'm missing?

A: If I understand correctly, you have named data values and you want to provide default values if values have not already been provided.
Consider using properties.
The following example is very idiomatic MSBuild. The Condition tests that the property does not already have a value.
<PropertyGroup>
    <Foo Condition="'$(Foo)' == ''">Default</Foo>
    <Bar Condition="'$(Bar)' == ''">AnotherDefault</Bar>
</PropertyGroup>

In addition to PropertyGroup elements in files, properties can be defined by environment variables and by the command line /p switch so there is a lot of flexibility with defining and overriding properties.
But your question is about ItemGroup and I may be making an incorrect assumption about your intent.
Remove is for removing items that are already in the ItemGroup collection.
There is an Exclude that works with Include and behaves as a 'deny' list. In the following example if there is already a 'Foo' item in 'CustomItem', it will be excluded from the Include.
<ItemGroup>
    <CustomItem Include="Foo" Value="Default" Exclude="@(CustomItem)"/>
</ItemGroup>

The Exclude doesn't check metadata. It only compares the names. If CustomItem has items 'Foo' and 'Bar', then @(CustomItem) will be 'Foo;Bar' and 'Foo' will denied from the Include.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Small city in Gelderland, Netherlands
Small city
Church in Bronkhorst
Location in the province of Gelderland
Show map of Gelderland
Bronkhorst (Netherlands)
Show map of Netherlands
Coordinates: 52°05′N 6°11′E / 52.083°N 6.183°E / 52.083; 6.183Coordinates: 52°05′N 6°11′E / 52.083°N 6.183°E / 52.083; 6.183
9 m (30 ft)
690/km2 (1,800/sq mi)
Dialing code
Bronkhorst is a village in the municipality of Bronckhorst, Gelderland, the Netherlands. Technically, it is a city (see below) and with only 157 inhabitants (2010), it is one of the smallest cities in the Netherlands (after Staverden, Eembrugge and Sint Anna ter Muiden).
The early history of Bronkhorst is, as is common for Dutch towns, largely unknown. It is possible that in the 7th century farmers settled on and around the hill on which a castle would be built later. The hill formed a refuge amidst the low-lying, fertile clay in the area, which is close to the river IJssel.
Lords of Bronkhorst
Coat of arms of Lords of Bronckhorst
Bronkhorst used to be a lordship. The earliest known lord of Bronkhorst was Gijsbert of Bronkhorst (1140), son of Adam of Bronkhorst, first mentioned in 1127. He and some of his descendants played an important role in the politics of the time. The last Bronkhorst, Joost, died in 1553, after which the domain fell to the widow of Georg of Limburg.
In the Middle Ages, a castle was erected on the aforementioned hill. It is first mentioned in a 14th-century document. It consisted of a keep and associated buildings and was surrounded by a thick wall and a wide moat. It was sieged several times, most notably in 1582, when after nine months Dutch troops captured the castle, which was occupied by the Spanish. (See Eighty Years War.) The castle changed hands many times, until its last owner, a merchant, had it demolished in 1828.
In a document dated 13 March 1482, Gijsbert VII granted city rights to the inhabitants of the village Bronkhorst, which was right next to the castle. Concretely this meant, among other things, that they were given limited self-government and were allowed to administer the law to some extent.
Bronkhorst is known for its picturesque buildings, and housed a museum dedicated to Charles Dickens which also contained items purchased from the former Dickens museum at Eastgate House in Rochester, Kent.[3]
The Bronkhorst Windmill
Windmill information board (in Dutch)
Onderstraat 8
^ a b c "Kerncijfers wijken en buurten 2021". Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
^ "Postcodetool for 7226LA". Actueel Hoogtebestand Nederland (in Dutch). Het Waterschapshuis. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
^ "Dickens Museum uit Bronkhorst gered met verhuizing naar Braamt". Gelderlander (in Dutch). Retrieved 20 March 2022.
Van Ebbenhorst Tengbergen, E.J. van (1965). Bronkhorst — korte historie van stad en heerlijkheid. Zutphen: Walburg Pers. ISBN 90-6011-496-5. (Book in Dutch discussing the history of the domain, the castle and the village.)
See Sources.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bronkhorst.
Populated places in the municipality of Bronckhorst
Baak
Drempt
Hoog-Keppel [nl]
Hummelo
Keijenborg [nl]
Kranenburg [nl]
Laag-Keppel
Olburgen [nl]
Steenderen
Toldijk [nl]
Velswijk [nl]
Vorden
Wichmond [nl]
Hamlets
IJzevoorde
List of cities, towns and villages in Gelderland
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bronkhorst&oldid=1120255371"