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Rich Ellerson
Ellerson at his introductory press conference at Army
January 1, 1953(1953-01-01) (age 68)
NCAA Division I-AA Coach of the Year (2003)
AFCA Region 5 Coach of the Year (2004)
Great West Conference Coach of the Year (2004)
Rich Ellerson (born January 1, 1953) is an American football coach and former player. He is the head football coach at the United States Military Academy, a position he has held since the 2009 season.[1] Ellerson served as the head football at Southern Utah University in 1996 and at California Polytechnic State University from 2001 to 2008. While at Cal Poly, Ellerson's teams won three conference championships and compiled a 56–34 record, giving him the third highest winning percentage of any football coach in school history.
1 Early years
2 Coaching career
2.1 Early coaching positions
2.2 Cal Poly
2.3 Army
3 Head coaching record
Early years[edit | edit source]
Ellerson attended Salpointe Catholic High School in Tucson, Arizona. He received a congressional appointment to the United States Naval Academy, which he attended for his freshmen year of 1972–73. He subsequently attended the University of Hawaii between 1974 and 1977, where he played for the Hawaii Warriors football team as a center and linebacker.[2]
Coaching career[edit | edit source]
Early coaching positions[edit | edit source]
After graduating college in 1977, he served as a Hawaii graduate assistant under head coach Dick Tomey.[2] From 1992 to 1995, he served at Arizona as an assistant head coach and defensive line coach, working alongside with defensive coordinator Larry MacDuff. During his four-year tenure, Arizona was ranked as a top-ten team in total defense and was the number-two defense against the rush in 1992 and 1993. He also worked with special teams, and helped mentor placekicker Steve McLaughlin to a Lou Groza Award-winning season in 1994.[2]
In 1996, Ellerson served as the head coach at Southern Utah, where he oversaw an improvement to a record of 4–7 from 2–9 the previous season. That year, Southern Utah was the leading the NCAA Division I-AA (now Division I FCS) team in rushing offense.[2] He returned to Arizona from 1997 to 2000 as the defensive coordinator and kickers coach. In his final season there, he coached the Wildcats to become the eighth-ranked rush defense in the nation, allowing 88.5 yards per game on average. Arizona also led the Pac-10 Conference in rush defense and was second in total defense, allowing 317.5 yards per game.[2]
Cal Poly[edit | edit source]
In 2001, Ellerson took over as the head coach at the California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) in San Luis Obispo, California. While at Cal Poly, Ellerson led the Mustangs to a 52–38 record during his eight-year tenure.[2] With a winning percentage of .622, he currently ranks as the third most successful coach in school history.[3]
During his first year, Ellerson led Cal Poly to their first winning season in four years, finishing with a 6–5 record. In 2003, Ellerson was named NCAA Division I-AA Coach of the Year. He led the Mustangs to a winning 7–4 record and a national ranking as high as 14th during the season. In 2004, he was named the Great West Football Conference Coach of the Year and AFCA Region 5 Coach of the Year. He led Cal Poly to secure the Great West championship. In 2005, Cal Poly finished with a 9–4 record and earned its first playoff berth in 12 years. They were defeated by Texas State in the quarterfinals. The Mustangs recorded a 6–0 record at home. The Mustangs narrowly missed qualifying for the 2006 playoffs. In 2007, Cal Poly achieved a 7–4 record and third place in the Great West. The Mustangs finished the season with a #24 final ranking.[2] Under Ellerson, Cal Poly employed a triple-option offense similar to the ones traditionally used at the service academies.
Army[edit | edit source]
In 2008 it was speculated he was a candidate to replace Washington's head coach, Tyrone Willingham.[4] He instead accepted an offer to become Army's head coach in December 2008.[5] Other potential candidates for the vacant Army head coaching position included Mike Sullivan, a West Pointer and wide receivers coach for the New York Giants; Greg Gregory, South Florida offensive coordinator and former Army assistant coach; Charlie Taaffe, former Maryland offensive coordinator, Canadian Football League coach, and Army offensive coordinator; and Ed Warriner, Kansas offensive coordinator who spent 13 years as an Army assistant coach.[6] Army also gauged the interest of both Navy's offensive and defensive coordinators, Ivin Jasper and Buddy Green, respectively.[7]
Ellerson has several family ties to the Academy. His father and two of his brothers attended West Point. His brother, John, was a captain of the Army football team while at West Point from 1960 to 1963.[8] Rich Ellerson said, "I grew up with that special connection to Army Football. At that age, watching my big brother captain the Army football team, living on Army posts, it was just the biggest thing in our life. It was the foundation of my football experience, not just my Army football experience, and obviously, football is a big part of my life."[9] He also said: "More than any other place in America, this is an important job. This is the United States Military Academy. We're playing football. We need to be good at this. We need to be. Everybody wants to win. We need to." He expressed a belief in the importance in working with recruits at the United States Military Academy Preparatory School (USMAPS) in order to improve the pool of candidates for the varsity team.[9] Ellerson also referred offhandedly to Navy, in comparing the type of offensive scheme he plans on bringing to Army. "I'm a triple option guy, and our triple option looks similar to some other team that we see every once in awhile [sic], but it is not exactly alike ... What we do fits well with the Academy at every level."[9]
In his first season at the helm Ellerson's team finished the season with a 5–7 record. Going into the final game of the season against Navy, a win would have placed Army in the EagleBank Bowl, their first bowl berth since the 1996 Independence Bowl. They would lose to rival Navy by a score of 17–3. In his second season, Ellerson continued to turn around the Army football program. In 2010 he led Army to a 7–6 record, its first winning season since 1996, and an invitation to and victory in the 2010 Armed Forces Bowl, the program's first bowl win since 1985. The progress had Ellerson as one of the ten finalists for the 2010 Liberty Mutual Coach of the Year. The 2011 campaign for Army was not as successful as the previous two seasons. Facing a schedule with eight bowl-eligible teams and four home games, the Black Knights faltered to a 3–9 season that was plagued with injuries to key players. The fourth year under Ellerson's tenure ended with a 2–10 record, however it did feature wins against a BCS Conference opponent in Boston College as well as Ellerson's first victory in a Commander-in-Chief's Trophy game over Air Force.
Head coaching record[edit | edit source]
Bowl/playoffs
Southern Utah Thunderbirds (NCAA Division II Independent) (1996)
1996 Southern Utah 4–7
Southern Utah: 4–7
Cal Poly Mustangs (NCAA Division I-AA Independent) (2001–2003)
2001 Cal Poly 6–5
Cal Poly Mustangs (Great West Football Conference) (2004–2008)
2004 Cal Poly 9–2 4–1 1st
2005 Cal Poly 9–4 4–1 1st L NCAA Division I-AA Quarterfinal
2006 Cal Poly 7–4 2–2
2008 Cal Poly 8–3 3–0 1st L NCAA Division I First Round
Cal Poly: 56–34 15–6
Army Black Knights (Division I FBS independent) (2009–present)
2009 Army 5–7
2010 Army 7–6 W Armed Forces
2012 Army 2–10
2013 Army 3-5
Army: 20–37
National championship Conference title Conference division title
↑ Associated Press (2008-12-26). "Army Hires Cal Poly's Rich Ellerson as Football Coach to Replace Stan Brock". http://www.nydailynews.com/sports/college/army-hires-cal-poly-rich-ellerson-football-coach-replace-stan-brock-article-1.357166. Retrieved 2013-05-17.
↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 Coaching Staff: Rich Ellerson, Cal Poly-SLO Mustangs football official website, retrieved 13 January 2009.
↑ Cal Poly-San Luis Obispo Coaching Records, College Football Data Warehouse, retrieved January 12, 2009.
↑ John McGrath, Columnist says Ellerson would be a good fit for the Huskies, SanLuisObispo.com, The Tribune, 3 December 2008, retrieved 24 December 2008.
↑ Army Hires Cal Poly-SLO's Rich Ellerson as their New Head Coach SI.com, December 26, 2008
↑ Army will get its coaching hire right this time, Go Black Knights, Rivals.com, 15 December 2008.
↑ Navy coaches decline Army advances, Hometown Annapolis.com, The Capital, 23 December 2008, retrieved 24 December 2008.
↑ Cal Poly coach Ellerson in talks to take Army job, The Tribune (San Luis Obispo), 22 December 2008, retrieved 24 December 2008.
↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Ellerson: "I'm a triple option guy", Scout.com, 31 December 2008, retrieved 13 January 2009.
Army profile
Rich Ellerson at the College Football Data Warehouse
Retrieved from "https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Rich_Ellerson?oldid=5317509"


SURREY – Another Indo-Canadian-South Asian man was gunned down in Surrey Tuesday night.
The Integrated Homicide Investigation Team (IHIT) is requesting public assistance to advance its investigation into the homicide of 30-year-old Amrendra Vijay Kumar.
On Tuesday night, at approximately 11:47 p.m., the Surrey RCMP received reports of shots fired at a town home complex in the 13900-block of 72 Avenue. Emergency responders arrived on scene to find Kumar with gunshot wounds. He was pronounced dead at scene. IHIT was called in to take conduct of the investigation.
IHIT is working closely with its partners from the Surrey RCMP, the Integrated Forensic Identification Services (IFIS) and the B.C. Coroners Service to gather evidence.
Immediately following the shooting, a vehicle left the scene at a high rate of speed. Approximately 40-minutes later at 12:27 a.m., the Surrey RCMP received a call of a car fire in the area of 164 Street and 92 Avenue. This vehicle is believed to be related to the earlier shooting and will be seized for further examination.
-140 Street between 72 Avenue and 88 Avenue from 11:45 p.m. to 12:30 a.m.
-72 Avenue between King George Boulevard and 152 Street from 7:30 p.m. to 10:30 p.m.
Anyone who witnessed the shooting, or who has dashcam footage or video surveillance footage from the area late Tuesday, is asked to call Surrey RCMP at 604-599-0502 or Crime Stoppers to remain anonymous, citing file number 2019-050485.
There were 38 shootings in Surrey in 2018, and 59 in 2017 with disproportionate number of them involving South Asian men, many of them found dead like Kumar. In 2016 there were 61 and in 2015 there were 88.
Be the first to comment on "Another South Asian Man Gunned Down In Surrey"


Replacement Head Pad for LightSPEED Zulu, Zulu.2, Zulu PFX, Sierra and Tango Headsets.
This is the Extra Thick / Tall version. If you want the standard / original headpad it can be found at LightSPEED Zulu Head Pad Replacement.


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Gibraltar Is For Lovers
by Lesley Abravanel Feb 14, 2011, 12:22pm EST
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Call 'em hopeless romantics or call 'em, well, cliché, but 31 smitten significant others have chosen to [spoiler alert] pop the question on Valentine's Day night at Gibraltar where a $185 per person, four course, 1 bottle of champagne prix fixe dinner doesn't include tax, tip or a 'yes'. That said, the resto claims that it has only hosted one rejection thus far as Miami's unofficial proposal hot spot. Good luck and mazel tov to all the soon-to-be (hopefully) betrothed. To those going to Gibraltar tonight expecting a ring only to receive, instead, a schlocky teddy bear and a Whitman's Sampler, well, we're sorry, but you're probably better off. [EaterWire]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


When heat and high-pressure combine, it can test your limits. To perform your duties, you need a garment that can integrate your uniform, or be comfortable and professional-looking enough to be worn as a stand alone shirt. The VaporCore™ Hybrid Patrol Shirt does just that and offers up to 5X more cooling than any other performance technology on the market today. Remain cooler and drier as the 37.5 technology regulates your body's micro climate by evaporating moisture, helping you sweat less.


Sou Fujimoto Pavillion. | Monday's Child.
This weekend I finally got around to seeing the fantastic installation by Japanese Architect Sou Fujimoto at The Serpentine Gallery Pavillion.
What I loved most about the structure was its unmistakable invitation to interact and use its space, be that sitting on it or crouching under to take photographs.
The different angles and shapes meant that walking around and inside it you never quite captured the same view twice. The clean white lines meant that it stood out like a metal cloud from a distance, but up close it had a more cage like feel. It's interaction with the sky & with it's surroundings made it a real architectural delight.
– you can find this beautiful piece of work in London until October 20th 2013. Click here for details.
After viewing the installation we wandered over to the Serpentine bar & kitchen to view the incredible sunset, a beautiful Sunday evening sky to end the week.


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O'Neill rules out casino in PNG
5:00 pm on 6 March 2013
The Papua New Guinea prime minister, Peter O'Neill, says there will be no casino built in Port Moresby under his watch as the chief executive of the nation.
Mr O'Neill has told the Post Courier newspaper that he wants to see Papua New Guineans develop a savings culture because the benefits are immense.
The comment comes after the chair of a landowner company in the Southern Highlands, which has received millions of dollars in royalties from the Gobe oil project, said he wanted a casino up and running as soon as possible.
Mr O'Neill says gambling is a waste of time and money.
He says when Papua New Guineans gamble, they are throwing away money that can be better utilised through savings.


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First Freedom: A Day to Celebrate
Tony Perkins · Jan. 17, 2019
When George H.W. Bush died in November, he was remembered for so many things — his leadership in the Cold War, America's invasion of Kuwait, his World War II service. What almost never came up was January 16, 1993. Four days before President Bush left office, his dream of a second term lost, he did something significant. He heeded Congress's call to set this day apart, so that we could honor what sets our nation apart: religious freedom.
In a tradition carried on by every president since, Religious Freedom Day gives us the opportunity to pause and reflect on a concept that — 233 years later — doesn't seem nearly as radical as it did in Thomas Jefferson's day. Like so many things we take for granted, Americans don't always appreciate their liberties until they're threatened. Even then, the smallest taste of persecution we experienced pales in comparison to the fear and oppression suffered by half of the world's Christians today. We bow our heads in public, drive to and from Sunday services, or sing along to praise and worship without a second thought. But for millions of families huddled in underground churches or behind prison bars, faith still exacts a price.
They understand, better than any of us, what drove America to a bloody Revolution more than two centuries ago. They know the shackles of a government that attempt to dictate what people believe — and punish the ones who refuse to conform. And they long for men and women as brave as our founders, who were willing to give their lives for a nation that lets everyone order their lives by their own beliefs.
Twenty-six years, five presidents, and two deeply divided parties later, our country could use a reminder of what Religious Freedom Day means. When Jefferson wrote the Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom in 1786, he was trying to stop the government from dictating what Americans believe. Now, a full two centuries later, his fears are suddenly relevant again. Under Barack Obama, we saw the dawning of a new age — one where men and women of faith were singled out for attack. They were chased out of jobs, hauled to court, vandalized, ridiculed, and financially ruined. They were forced to violate their beliefs — or pay for them.
Over time, the legislative and political attacks gave way to actual violence. Even now, President Trump warns, two years into his work to cajole faith out of hiding, "efforts to circumscribe religious freedom — or to separate it from adjourning civil liberties, like property rights or free speech — are on the rise." This day, which, as FRC's David Closson points out, should be an opportunity to celebrate our shared principles, only reminds us of how fractured we are on what should be the common values of religious liberty and freedom of conscience.
That's not to say both sides won't commemorate the day. But there are two very different parties now — one who embraces religious freedom in theory, and another who defends it in practice. One who sees conscience as a necessary casualty on the road to political correctness, and another who sees it as the only avenue to co-existence. One who gets its way through force and coercion, the other who wants ideas to compete openly. One whose spokesmen wonder if 230-year-old principles still apply, and another who knows America couldn't exist without them.
Our country has a long way to go in healing these rifts. But when we do, it will be because we dug down to the roots of who we are as a people. Nothing defines us more — then or now — than the dignity of the human person and the freedom of everyone, everywhere, to live out their beliefs. Two hundred forty-three years later, they're what makes the experiment called America work. Today, we celebrate the sacrifices that bought that freedom — and pray for the courage to keep it burning.
For more on the significance of January 16, check out these new columns from FRC experts David Closson, "Religious Freedom Day" on NRO; "When Free Exercise Comes at a Price" by Alexandra McPhee; and, "On Religious Freedom Day, Consider Life in Countries without It" from Travis Weber.
Originally published here.
House Dems Get on Their Hyde Horse
House Democrats don't think abortion should be rare — they think it should be free! Apparently, that's the new majority's rallying cry in the lead-up to the 46th anniversary of the deadliest U.S. Supreme Court ruling in history. But don't expect it to be a popular one. Despite two years of pushing the party into some of the most radical terrain in Democratic history, liberals' position on the issue is a far cry from most voters'.
At a press conference announcing the Each Woman Act, the House Pro-Choice Caucus declared, "We're going to end the Hyde amendment." For Democrats, whose platform already encourages abortion-on-demand right up to the moment of birth, the push to topple the wall between taxpayers and the abortion industry is just another example of how out of touch Speaker Nancy Pelosi's (D-Calif.) party is with most Americans. Tuesday, the Knights of Columbus released their annual Marist Poll, showing that voters believe in regulating and reducing abortion — not subsidizing it!
Regardless of whether they're "pro-choice" or "pro-life," Carl Anderson explains, "the majority of Americans in both parties — support legal restrictions on abortion. Two-thirds of Americans want Roe revisited to allow for state regulation of abortion or to ban it altogether." That must not register with House Democrats, who vow to force every taxpayer to bankroll abortion-on-demand. "We cannot dictate from the halls of Congress what the best treatment is for any woman," argued Rep. Nita Lowey (D-N.Y.). "That should be left to [women]…" So should the payment for any "treatment" that ends an innocent human life.
Standing next to Rep. Diana DeGette (D-Colo.), Planned Parenthood's Leana Wen bemoaned the fact that abortion was "siloed, stigmatized, and attacked in a way that no other part of health care is." That's because, pro-lifers point out, abortion isn't health care! Of course, not only does the far-Left want abortion to be a routine medical procedure, it wants America to pay for the whole world's! As part of their Roe v. Wade "celebration," House Democrats are reintroducing their Global Health, Empowerment, and Rights Act, which would funnel taxpayer money overseas for abortions abroad — an idea that's even more unpopular than overturning the Hyde amendment! Seventy-five percent of Americans — including 56 percent of Democrats — don't want to ship U.S. dollars to other countries to end babies' lives.
Fortunately, there's little chance they'll succeed at any of their agenda, thanks to President Trump and the Republican Senate. Even so, it ought to disgust people at how low some politicians will sink to protect one of the worst forms of violence in America. On the opposite side of the Capitol, Senator James Lankford (R-Okla.) couldn't believe that this is actually the state of Democratic politics in America.
"The life of a child shouldn't be a partisan issue… It is my guess that anyone who disagrees with [me] has already tuned me out because as a culture, we don't want to think about this life. Because if for a moment we pause and consider that maybe she's really alive and has purpose and value, we would have to swallow hard and acknowledge the millions of little girls just like her that have died in abortions in America — millions. And so to fight against having to deal with that, we just tune it out."
"I pray there is a day that we're not proud that we looked away from little girls and little boys and said, 'You're not human enough yet.'"
An Open Doors Policy on Faith
While Americans stop to celebrate Religious Freedom Day, there are 215 million Christians around who would give anything to experience even the smallest taste of it. That was one of the more startling findings of Open Doors 2019 World Watch List. The other? Christian persecution is getting worse. Almost half (73) of the 150 countries they studied showed "extreme," "very high," or "high levels" of persecution. Last year, it was 58.
The persecution has a particularly harsh impact on women in many places. In some areas, like North Korea, that trend isn't as pronounced, since all believers are persecuted there. But it shows up in plenty of other places (many governed by radical Islam) in ways like forced marriages. At the report's unveiling at Heritage Foundation, Open Doors' David Curry talked about a girl named Esther who was abducted by Boko Haram and ordered to renounce her faith. When she refused, they raped her multiple times and sent her back to her village, pregnant, and a subject of shame in that culture.
India is increasingly problematic, and is #10 on the list because the prime minister's party is responsible for whipping up anti-Christian and pro-Hindu rhetoric. In his remarks, Curry specifically appealed to major Indian-American businesspeople like Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, Indra Nooyi (a woman who is a former CEO of Pepsi and perhaps next head of World Bank), and Google CEO Sundar Pichai — and encouraged them to speak out against the Christian persecution in India.
For now, North Korea, Afghanistan, Somalia, and Pakistan remain in spots #1, #2, #3, and #5. Libya jumped from #7 last year to #4 on this year's list (due to an increasingly brutal culture of radical Islam with regard to Christians). Elsewhere, Sudan dropped from #4 to #6, while Syria rose four spots to #11. India, Iran, and Yemen each bumped up one spot, and Nigeria bumped up 2 spots.
As we've said before, America's silence under the last administration led to a rise in the global threat that Donald Trump is now working furiously to control. Conservative leaders like retired Rep. Frank Wolf spent the better part of Obama's two terms begging him to get off the sidelines and defend the persecuted church. But if the president wouldn't recognize the First Freedom of Americans here at home, how could he fight for the world's?
Fortunately, the current White House has no interest in tip-toeing around the issue of persecution. President Trump has been a staunch advocate for the persecuted, and we look forward to all that he, Vice President Mike Pence, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, and Ambassador Sam Brownback will do to highlight the issue at the second annual Ministerial to Advance Religious Freedom, just announced yesterday.
In the meantime, FRC's Travis Weber says, the Open Doors Watch List should serve as "a reminder to all of us in the United States to never take our freedom for granted. Indeed, we must use our freedom to advocate for freedom of religion for all around the world, even as we guard against its infringement here at home."
This is a publication of the Family Research Council. Tony Perkins' Washington Update is written with the aid of FRC Action senior writers.
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3 foreign women found slain in Yemen; 6 people missing
SAN'A, Yemen - Shepherds found the mutilated bodies yesterday of two German nurses and a South Korean teacher who were kidnapped while picnicking in an area of Yemen known as a hideout for al-Qaeda.
by By Ahmed Al-Haj, Associated Press, Inquirer
Experts said the killings bore the hallmarks not of local tribesmen but rather of jihadists who had returned home after fighting in conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq, and elsewhere.
The dead women disappeared in the remote northern province of Saada on Friday while on an outing with six other foreigners: a German doctor, his wife, and their three young children, and a British man. The whereabouts of the six were unknown, Yemen's government said.
Authorities announced a state of high alert in the area and were "conducting extensive searches and investigations," according to a government statement.
The foreigners worked for World Wide Services Foundation, a Dutch aid group helping with medical care in the province.
The incident is the latest attack against foreigners in this impoverished Arab nation on the tip of the Arabian peninsula where al-Qaeda has a firm foothold in its remote areas.
The government blamed a Shiite rebel group that has been leading an uprising in the province for several years, but the group denied it had anything to do with the kidnappings. Initially, Yemeni security officials had reported that all nine foreigners were killed, but the government later said six were still missing.
Nearly all past fatal attacks against foreigners in Yemen have been by Islamist militants.
"I think that it would have to be outside sources" that carried out the attack, said Magnus Ranstorp, a terrorism expert at the Swedish National Defense College, noting that the killings, including reports of mutilation, bear the hallmarks of al-Qaeda.
The killings "represent a nasty turning point in Yemen," he said.
In the past, tribesmen have kidnapped foreigners to wrest concessions on local issues from the government - including ransoms and the release of jailed relatives. But they usually treated hostages well and released them unharmed. Past abductions by al-Qaeda, however, have ended with hostages' deaths.
By Ahmed Al-Haj, Associated Press, Inquirer


Notice to music store, gift shop and music or gift related websites owners.
Please fill out the following form to request a Clarke wholesale dealer account. With a wholesale dealer account you will be able to purchase Clarke products at wholesale prices for your store. You will be given a special account and password which will give you access to purchase at wholesale price on this site.


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01 Downhill / 02 Oh, La Vie! / 03 Kalle Killi / 04 Shoulder Twist / 05 Forest Walk / 06 Hustle and Bustle / 07 Sideways / 08 Chaplin / 09 Drum Song / 10 Whisperer / 11 Hurry Up! / 12 Evening Song / 13 Kun Ilta Ehtii // Total playing time 62:35
Jari Olavi Hongisto trombone and percussion (except 06 and 09)
Teppo Olavi Hauta-aho double bass and percussion (except 09)
Niilo Olavi Louhivuori drums and percussion
Olavi Trio
OH, LA VIE!
With its second album, Oh La Vie!, the Olavi Trio focuses on trio improvisation rather than featuring special guests as it did on its first release. As always with this group, the emphasis is on spontaneous improvisation with the music being created in the moment.
The Olavi Trio consists of bassist Teppo Olavi Hauta-aho, trombonist Jari Olavi Hongisto and drummer Niilo Olavi Louhivuori, who share not only the same middle name but also a mutual love for free improvisation. Collectively, they are among the finest Finnish improvisers of the past three generations, with Hauta-aho having risen to the forefront of the music in the 1960s, Hongisto in the 1980s and Louhivuori in the beginning of the new millennium.
Whereas the Olavi Trio´s first album (Triologia, TUM CD 026) featured some of their best friends - Juhani Aaltonen, Kalle Kalima and Verneri Pohjola - as special guests, their second release focuses on what audiences have come to love in their live performances, namely, open and equalitarian trio improvisation.
For more than 10 years, the main principles of Olavi Trio have been to maintain total democracy within the group and to create music in the moment while performing or recording, without any rehearsals or other preparations. This approach was followed also on Oh, La Vie!.
Oh, La Vie! includes 12 compositions that were either spontaneously created in the studio or improvised using as a starting point themes composed by the trio´s members. Like the Olavi Trio´s first album, this one also closes with a tango closely associated with their namesake, master vocalist Olavi Virta, as "Kun Ilta Ehtii" gets its own unique interpretation in celebration of the Centennial of Virta´s birth.
Jari Hongisto (b. 1960) first became known to a broader audience through Edward Vesala´s groups, including Sound & Fury, in the 1980s. More recently, Hongisto has performed with the UMO Jazz Orchestra and the Iro Haarla Sextet, among others. During the past decades, Hongisto and Hauta-aho have often played in the same groups, such as Quintet Moderne (with soprano saxophonist Harri Sjöström, violinist Philipp Wachsmann and drummer Paul Lovens) in the 1980s and Sound Kitchen (with guitarist Hase Poulsen) in the late 1990s. The two have also played, together and separately, with numerous leading Finnish jazz musicians, including saxophonists Juhani Aaltonen and Seppo "Baron" Paakkunainen, trumpeters Mike Koskinen and Jarmo Sermilä and pianists Eero Ojanen and Heikki Sarmanto.
Teppo Hauta-aho (b. 1941) started his career in the early 1960s and quickly rose to the front line of European improvisers. Hauta-aho led his own groups and collaborated with drummer Edward Vesala in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He later has performed with leading musicians such as saxophonist Anthony Braxton and pianist Cecil Taylor, in addition to many Finnish and other European improvisers. At the beginning of the new millennium, after 30 years as a full time orchestra musician, Hauta-aho retired and returned to again playing improvised music more actively. Besides Olavi Trio, he now performs with guitarist Kalle Kalima, among others.
Olavi Louhivuori (b. 1981) first became known as a founding member of the Ilmiliekki Quartet, but has since led his own groups and performed as a solo drummer as well as a being member of the Sun Trio, among others. In recent years, Louhivuori has increasingly performed internationally, for example, as a member of trumpeter Tomasz Stanko´s quintet and in groups led by bassist Mats Eilertsen and vocalist Suzanne Abbuehl.
http://tumrecords.com/043-oh-la-vie/press
TUM-Olavi-Trio-press-release-043.pdf (94 KB)


Aleppo City suffers from a notable rubbish problem, and the city's residents are not aware of the role they can play to fight this problem.
The Municipality of Aleppo hired us to assist in the planning of a new solid waste management program for the city. Soon after, we were hired to design and implement a multi-faceted social marketing anti-littering campaign, which encourages people to work with the local government to clean up their city.
Participating - with a team of local and international experts - in researching challenges to solid waste management in the city, and outlining practical management recommendations. Work involved: collecting and analyzing data, field trips, photographic surveys, interviewing employees and residents, running focus groups, preparing assessments, researching case studies, designing concept solutions, and leading participatory planning workshops.
Forming and leading groups of Municipality officials and volunteers.
Developing the strategy for the campaign, using participatory planning methods.
Running a public awareness campaign from A-Z, including art direction, design, fundraising, book keeping, media booking, and press relations.
Preparing concepts for kids educational tool-kits comprised of school projects, a travelling expo, stories, games, and a website. Plus, lobbying for funding, mobilizing NGO's to adopt projects, and supervising production.
Organizing clean up days, preparing kits, and coordinating with partner NGOs and volunteers.


Step 1: In a small bowl, mix together the Mod Podge and several drops of paint. This makes the paint more translucent, but it will also lighten the colour.
Step 2: Paint the coloured Mod Podge along the entire inside of the jar, and set aside to dry for about one hour.


text:
Michael Jackson / Conrad Murray in the news > Joe Jackson 'Horrified' at Dr. Conrad Murray Defense
http://www.tmz.com/2010/04/04/joe-jackson-michael-jackson-propofol-horrified-brian-oxman-death-defense-autopsy/
Joe Jackson 'Horrified' at Dr. Conrad Murray Defense
Posted Apr 4th 2010 2:55PM by TMZ Staff
Michael Jackson's father says he is "horrified" by the prospect Dr. Conrad Murray's legal team will argue that Michael Jackson accidentally killed himself by pumping a lethal dose of Propofol into his body.
TMZ broke the story that the defense believes Jackson woke up shortly before noon on the day he died, when Dr. Conrad Murray stepped out of the room, and injected enough Propofol in himself to almost immediately stop his heart.
Joe Jackson tells TMZ, "I don't believe it. It's not true. Why would he [Dr. Murray] hide all the bottles if such a story were true?"
Joe Jackson added, "The Coroner's report shows the story is not true," adding, "This really upsets me to hear this."
Joe Jackson plans to file a wrongful death lawsuit against Dr. Murray. While Joe Jackson's lawyer, Brian Oxman, says, "His [Dr. Murray's] story is medically inconsistent with the autopsy findings, he says before knowing for sure, "I would need to see the photographs of the scene in order to assess his story."


text:
Archives|Reach Out and Touch No One
Reach Out and Touch No One
By MAUREEN DOWD JAN. 7, 2006
Doing the math, you've got to figure that the 12 wise men and one wise woman had about 30 seconds apiece to say their piece to the president about Iraq, where vicious assaults this week have killed almost 200 and raised U.S. troop fatalities to at least 2,189.
It must have been like a performance by the Reduced Shakespeare Company, which boils down the great plays and books to their essence. Proust is "I like cookies." Othello raps that he left Desdemona "all alona, didn't telephona." "The Iliad" and "The Odyssey" condense into "The Idiodity." "Henry V" is "A king's gotta do what a king's gotta do," and "Antony and Cleopatra" is "Never get involved in Middle Eastern affairs."
Beyond taking a class picture spaced around Mr. Bush's bizarrely empty desk -- a mesmerizing blend of "Sunset Boulevard," "The Last Supper" and a "Sopranos" ad -- the former secretaries of state and defense had to make the most of their brief colloquy with W.
The spectral Robert McNamara might have enlightened Mr. Bush on Vietnam: "Didn't understand the culture. Misjudged the opposition. Didn't know when to get out." If he was a fast talker, he could have added: "It's the dominoes. If Iraq falls, then Syria falls, then Lebanon falls, and before you know it, all of Southeast Asia -- I mean, the Middle East -- will fall."
Melvin Laird only needed to add: "Ditto."
Al Haig's summation would have been a cinch: "I resign. I'm in charge here. I resign -- again."
Instead of maintaining his good-soldier silence, Colin Powell could have redeemed himself with four words: "I should have resigned."
Madeleine Albright might have succinctly imparted some wisdom from Somalia and Rwanda: "Didn't understand the culture. Misjudged the threat. Didn't know when to get in."
James Baker, Svengali and Sphinx, must have been thinking: "I told your dad not to let you in here. I could tell you how to get out of Iraq in 10 minutes, but you're too under the sway of that nutball Cheney to listen."
George Shultz only needed to say: "I have a tiger tattooed on my fanny," and Lawrence Eagleburger could have abridged his thoughts to "I need a smoke -- bad."
It may seem disturbing at first that with several hundreds of years' worth of foreign policy at his elbows, and a bloody, thorny mess in Iraq, Mr. Bush would devote mere moments to letting some fresh air into his House of Pain.
Sure, he has A.D.D. But he just spent six straight days mountain-biking and clearing brush in Crawford. He couldn't devote 60 minutes to getting our kids home, rather than just a few for a "Message: I Care" photo-op faking sincerity?
"We all went into the bubble and came out," one of the wise men noted.
Mr. Eagleburger explained their role as props, saying it was hard to volubly express yourself with a president. "There was some criticism, but it was basically 'You haven't talked to the American people enough.' " Lighting a cigarette on the way out -- he'd thrown one in the bushes on the way in -- he added a world-weary coda: "We're all has-beens anyway."
Mr. Eagleburger knows the truth. If W. had wanted to really reach out, rather than just pretend to reach out so his poll numbers would go up, he would have sought advice outside his warped inner circle long ago -- including from his own father.
Because W.'s mind is so closed to anybody except yes-men who tell him his policies and wars are slam-dunks, uneasy seasoned mandarins are forced to make a noisy stink. Brent Scowcroft, one of Bush Senior's closest friends, had to resort to the pages of The New Yorker to voice his objections. He ominously said Dick Cheney, his old colleague, was someone he no longer recognized.
You wonder whether the other contemporaries of Cheney and Rummy from Ford, Reagan and Bush I days were thinking the same thing at Thursday's meeting: Why have these guys gone so kooky?
W. is drunk on Cheney Kool-Aid. So he got testy when Ms. Albright pointed out that North Korea and Iran were going nuclear while the U.S. was bogged down in Baghdad. Then, after a quick photo in the Oval, he shooed the old-timers out, letting anyone who wanted to stay talk to the security factotum Stephen Hadley.
Still busy spreading fog over the war, W., Cheney, Rummy and Condi had no time to hear Mr. McNamara expound on the fog of war. In the picture, as Ms. Albright cringes, Mr. McNamara looks haunted, unable to escape second-guessing over Vietnam.
The only thing that would have made the photo even more utterly phony than it was would have been the presence of that vintage warmonger, Henry the K.
A version of this op-ed appears in print on January 7, 2006, on Page A00011 of the National edition with the headline: Reach Out And Touch No One. Today's Paper|Subscribe


PDR Network, LLC v. Carlton & Harris Chiropractic Inc., No 17-1705: Whether the Hobbs Act required the district court in this case to accept the Federal Communication Commission's legal interpretation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act.
Virginia House of Delegates, et al. v. Golden Bethune-Hill, et al., No. 18-281: (1) Whether the district court conducted a proper "holistic" analysis of the majority-minority Virginia House of Delegates districts under the prior decision in this case, Bethune-Hill v. Va. State Bd. of Elections, 137 S. Ct. 788, 799 (2017), even though it ignored a host of evidence; (2) whether the Bethune-Hill "predominance" test is satisfied merely by a lengthy description of ordinary Voting Rights Act compliance measures; (3) whether the district court erred in relying on expert analysis it previously rejected as unreliable and irrelevant and expert analysis that lacked any objective or coherent methodology; (4) whether the district court committed clear error in ignoring the entirety of the House's evidentiary presentation under the guise of credibility determinations unsupported by the record and predicated on expert testimony that should not have been credited or even admitted; (5) whether Virginia's choice to draw 11 "safe" majority-minority districts of around or above 55% black voting-age population ("BVAP") was narrowly tailored; and (6) whether the district court erred in ignoring the district-specific evidence before the House in 2011 justifying safe districts at or above 55% BVAP.
In adding the appeal to its docket, the Supreme Court expressly postponed considering whether it had jurisdiction over the case until a hearing on the merits. The Supreme Court further instructed the parties to brief whether appellants have standing to bring the appeal.


Finca Aurora is in Huatulco, in the southern Mexican state of Oaxaca. Huatulco is famed for its imposing mountains and preserved pacific coast line. The farmers of this region grow some of Mexico's finest coffees. The coffee trees are grown at an altitude of 1110 - 1250 masl in their own unique micro climate.
During the coffee harvest, ripe coffee cherries are handpicked for quality then pulped and fermented. They are turned by hand and dried on raised beds in the natural sunlight.
The roast profile has been created to accentuate the coffee's flavour and taste qualities, 'warming spices, tangerine sweetness, a smooth body and rich chocolate finish'. Fantastic with all milks as it enhances the body and sweet caramelised finish.


The present project expands the ZX Spectrum 48K by providing it with mass storage and communication capabilities, through a device that can be built by any hobbyist from readily available components, and at the same time maintains as much software compatibility as possible with the original Sinclair Interface 1.
fixing known Spectrum ROM bugs.
RAM disk: Up to three 128 Kbytes RAM disks.
Hard disk interface: Can drive two IDE devices in PIO mode. The physical disks are formatted in up to 251 logical disks of 32 Mbytes, giving a total storage capacity of almost 8 Gbytes.
Parallel printer port: Full uni-directional Centronics printer port.
PC connectivity: The parallel port can also be used to connect the Spectrum through a 'Laplink' cable to a PC running an appropriate server application, by which a printer attached to the PC can be shared and the PC's drives can be accessed as a 'network disk'.
This device will not work with ZX128. The IDE interface you can build just rewiring YAMOD.ATBUS.
Front view, interface in the middle. From left: power supply, harddisk, monitor and interface case moved up.
IF1 substitute ROM source code.
Modified Spectrum BASIC ROM source code.
PC server application source code.
Najszybszy uniwersalny multiplekser IDE 8bit dla YABUS. Zawiera zegar czasu rzeczywistego (RTC) typu DS 1287, DS 12887 albo MC 146818.


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THIS IS LONG BUT GOOD Me and my friend had really wanted to try shrooms for a long time, then finally a friend of mine had got them for us.
Me and my friend had really wanted to try shrooms for a long time, then finally a friend of mine had got them for us. Me and Bri (the friend that was trippy w/ me) decided to go to her house and do them while her mom was at work. we did them in the morning. we grinded them up in a coffee grinder then put them into yogurt (a very good idea). we eat them in the yogurt and didn't even taste the shrooms.
another friend of mine who had tripped a few times before had made us a CD of trippy music. me and Bari decided to wait for about a half hour to put the music on. we sat on the floor and waited for them to kick in.
after about 15 minutes we both felt a little buzz, it was like I'd had a few hits of weed. then ten minutes later i felt like I'd smoked 20 bowls. everything was moving close to me then moving back. Bri and i we're trying to tell each other what was happening but too much was going on and every time we tried to speak something new would happen.
we put on the CD and that made things even crazier. we were lying on the floor by the CD player and looking at her ceiling. then all of a sudden it started rolling. and i could see rainbows on it an Indian man formed on the ceiling (he was green) i was wondering what was gonna happen next when out of the conner of my eye i saw pink, blue, and green flowers. they were moving across the ceiling.
by this point i had completely forgotten about time. words like tomorrow, today, noon all meant nothing to me. i got up to get a glass of water, when i got up a could barley stand. i felt like i was melting into the ground.
thankfully her house is small and the sink was close cuz i couldn't walk well at all. i turned on the water faucet and the water that come out was purple. i put my hands in it to rinse them off and it was the best feeling ever. it was cold but made me feel alive and connected to nature. i wanted to feel more of it so i put my whole arm in the water. then i heard this laughing far away, i thought i was crazy then looked over at bri and she was laughing at me.
"why are u bathing in my sink" she said.
i really couldn't explain it to her so i just when back and sat on the couch. she sat down to and began talking to me. i don't really remember what she was saying but behind her i saw rainbow turkey feathers.
then i closed my eyes and got envloped in the trip. it's wayy to hard to explain the rest of my trip but just know it was good. i hope u liked this.


text:
Cheyenne Mountain Zoo narrows down to three names for giraffe calf 200
Hundreds of names suggestions were submitted, but the Cheyenne Mountain Zoo has narrowed it down to just three names for giraffe calf 200.
Now, the zoo needs your help to decide on the name! There are two different ways to vote on your favorite name.
First, you can cast your vote in the poll on the Cheyenne Mountain zoo's website . Second, on a visit to the zoo, you can purchase a bundle of giraffe lettuce and cast one vote at the lettuce hut. Voting is open from now until July 1, so cast your vote!
These are the three name choices:
CC – in Roman numbers, CC equates to 200
Mia – short of Mia Mbili, which means 200 in Swahili
Penny – short for Penrose, which was inspired by CMZoo founder, Spencer Rose
Giraffe calf 200 was welcomed into this world on June 4, after much anticipation.
20-year-old Muziki gave birth to the newest member of the herd just before 8:30 p.m. Muziki's expected due date was in late April or early May, but the zoo said there were no concerns about the baby girl being late.


Ponder Trail is a brand design studio and business resource for creative entrepreneurs and bloggers. Get started with our free resources below.
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Listen to the Ponder Trail blog podcast.
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While my Blog, Videos, and Newsletter are the best place to stay up to date with Ponder Trail, I'd also love to have you follow along on social media. I post on most platforms daily, and you can expect to find behind-the-scenes glimpses.


text:
L'hippodrome du Pesquié-Bas se situe à Villeréal en Lot-et-Garonne.

C'est un hippodrome de trot avec une piste de  en sable avec corde à droite.

Il y est organisé de nombreuses courses de trot généralement en attelé au cours des mois de juillet et août de chaque année.

Articles connexes
 Hippodrome
 Liste des hippodromes

Hippodrome en Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Équipement sportif en Lot-et-Garonne

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
\section{Introduction}

Low-dimensional structures of current interest such as monolayer transition metal chalcogenides, graphene, carbon nanotubes or silicon nanowires are very promising systems for the possible realization of future nanotechnologies. After the prediction of stable, quasi-planar and tubular clusters of elemental boron \cite{Boustani1997c,Boustani1997,Quandt2005,Boustani2011a}, which could later be confirmed experimentally \cite{Zhai2003,Kiran2005,Oger2007}, materials scientist have started to search for boron nanostructures similar to graphene and carbon nanotubes.
Several models for boron sheets and nanotubes (BNTs) with different underlying lattice structures have been proposed \cite{Boustani1999,Kunstmann2006,Lau2006a,Tang2007,Singh2008,Yang2008} and first successes in growing pure BNTs were reported \cite{Ciuparu2004,Liu2010,Liu2011}.
In contrast to carbon nanotubes, which  can be either semi-conducting or metallic depending on their diameter and chiralities, BNTs are predicted to be metallic only \cite{Boustani1999,Lau2006a,Kunstmann2006} and highly conductive. \cite{Bezugly2011,Bezugly2013}
For small-diameter BNTs related to the $\alpha$-sheet (diameter $<$ 1.7 nm), some density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that the nanotubes are semiconducting due to a curvature-induced out-of-plane buckling of certain atoms.\cite{Singh2008,Yang2008,Tang2010}
However, recent calculations at higher levels of theory (second order M\o{}ller-Plesset perturbation theory) and with van der Waals corrected DFT  show that the buckling might be an artefact of standard DFT \cite{Szwacki2010,Gunasinghe2011}. Without buckling all BNTs are indeed metallic.

This feature could make BNTs excellent candidates for future nanometer-scale conducting elements.
Recently Liu \textit{et al.} reported conductivity measurements on large-diameter (10 to 40 nm) multi-walled BNTs which seem to confirm this prediction.\cite{Liu2010}
Besides the metallic sheets and nanotubes there is a growing body of literature on semi-conducting boron nanostructures that are probably related to the known bulk crystal structures \cite{Cao2001,Wu2001,Otten2002,Zhang2002,Tian2010}.
These developments indicate the rise of a very promising branch of nanoscience based on boron nanostructures \cite{Tian2010,Quandt2008a}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{structures.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:structures}
Possible atomic structures of boron sheets and the related boron nanotubes of armchair (second line) and zigzag (third line) type. (a) Structures derived from the $\alpha$-sheet, (b) the buckled triangular (BT) sheet, and (c) the distorted hexagonal (DH) sheet. We consider the three different structure models (a-c) as the atomic structure of boron nanotubes is not definitely known. {The primitive lattice translations $a_1$ and $a_2$ of the unit cells of the boron sheets are shown in red and the numbers $(n,m)$ are the chiral indices of the nanotubes.}
}
\end{figure}

Despite these early successes in the synthesis and characterization of BNTs, many questions on their structure and physical properties remain open and even their existence is still debated.
In contrast to carbon or boron-nitride, boron does not form layered bulk structures and therefore the atomic structure of the walls of BNTs still needs to be determined experimentally.
{
The bulk phases of boron are based on three--dimensional frameworks of slightly distorted B$_{12}$ icosahedra (icosahedral boron crystals). Four elemental modifications are confirmed to exist, i.e.,  $\alpha$-rhombohedral, $\beta$-rhombohedral, $\beta$-tetragonal, $\gamma$-orthorhombic \cite{Oganov2009a} boron and a fifths phase, $\alpha$-tetragonal boron \cite{Ekimov2011}, is currently discussed again after it was discarded in the 1970s.
The icosahedral structural unit is also central for boron-hydrogen compounds and it is therefore a generally accepted structural paradigm in boron chemistry.
Deviating from this paradigm it was found that small boron clusters prefer quasi-planar and tubular morphologies \cite{Boustani1997c,Boustani1997,Zhai2003,Kiran2005,Quandt2005,Oger2007,Boustani2011a}. Extending these findings into the nano-domain boron sheets, boron nanotubes \cite{Boustani1999,Kunstmann2006,Lau2006a,Tang2007,Singh2008,Yang2008} and boron fullerenes \cite{Boustani1997a,Szwacki2007} were proposed. However, the existence of non-icosahedral structures, that go beyond isolated, finite-size clusters, is not generally accepted.
}

Nevertheless several models for boron sheets and the related BNTs are currently discussed in the literature (see Figure \ref{fig:structures}). In this article we consider the buckled triangular (BT) sheet,\cite{Kunstmann2006} the distorted hexagonal (DH) sheet\cite{Lau2006a} and the so-called $\alpha$-sheet \cite{Tang2007}. Each sheet represents a favorable representative of three general structural classes: triangular, hexagonal (honeycomb lattice), and mixed triangular-hexagonal (MTH) structures, respectively. As elemental boron exhibits a pronounced polymorphism each of these sheets could in principle be the precursor of BNTs. Furthermore it is important to note that all related structures (sheets and BNTs) have metallic properties.

The first indication that the theoretically predicted structures might indeed have been synthesized came from the calculation of the work function that agrees with the experimental value for large-diameter BNTs to high accuracy only for $\alpha$-sheet but not for the DH and BT sheets \cite{Bezugly2011}.

Planar structures of the MTH class were introduced by Tang \textit{et al.} \cite{Tang2007} and are characterized by their hexagonal hole density. That is the number of hexagonal holes $N_\mathrm{holes}$ divided by the number of atoms in the related hole-free triangular sheet, or:
\begin{equation}
 \eta = \frac{N_\mathrm{holes}}{N_\mathrm{atoms} + N_\mathrm{holes}},
\label{eqn:eta}
\end{equation}
where $N_\mathrm{atoms}$ is the number of atoms in the actual sheet with holes. $\eta$ ranges from $0$ to $1/3$ and the two limiting cases correspond to the triangular and hexagonal sheets, respectively. The highest cohesive energy among all boron sheets was initially obtained by density functional theory (DFT) within the local density approximation (LDA) for the $\alpha$-sheet with $\eta = 1/9$ \cite{Tang2007}.
The stability of the $\alpha$-sheet can be understood by a self-doping picture, i.e., while a flat triangular boron sheet is electron-rich and a hexagonal boron sheet is electron-deficient, a regular combination of triangular and hexagonal structural elements, as in the $\alpha$-sheet, creates an optimal balance and thus a stable structure \cite{Tang2007,Tang2009}.
However the energy minimum is relatively shallow and
a multitude of different sheets with $\eta \approx 1/9$ and different spatial arrangements of the holes are discussed in the literature. All of these  sheets have very similar cohesive energies and therefore the results for the absolute energy minimum (and the precise value of $\eta$) vary slightly depending on the actual electronic structure method and DFT exchange-correlation functional \cite{Wu2012,Penev2012,Yu2012}. The variety of nearly isoenergetic structures is again a realization of boron's well known polymorphism.
Therefore it is likely that a multitude of MTH structural patterns with $\eta \approx 1/9$ will coexist and disorder might be an important factor, yet to be explored in the context of boron sheets and BNTs.
For B$_{80}$ boron fullerenes \cite{Szwacki2007}, that are structurally related to the $\alpha$-sheet, the influence of disorder was already considered. Pochet \textit{et al.} found that disordered MTH arrangements on the surface of the fullerene can have lower total energies than ordered arrangements \cite{Pochet2011} and they also speculate about the stability of disordered BNTs. The same authors also find the energy landscape of boron clusters to be glasslike which seems to explain the experimental difficulties in the synthesis of boron nanostructures \cite{De2011}.
{
Furthermore they find that B$_{80}$ or B$_{100}$ boron clusters do not prefer hollow, fullerene-like structures but rather disordered cages with an icosahedron inside. These results seem to confirm the structural paradigm of the icosahedron and speak against the stability of MTH structures.
}

In order to characterize disordered and defective sheets and nanotubes the parameter $\eta$ is too limited, because its definition is based on triangular structures and hexagonal holes, only.
We therefore propose to characterize MTH structures with non-hexagonal holes
by their atomic surface density, i.e.,
\begin{equation}
 n_\mathrm{2D} = \frac{N_\mathrm{atoms}}{S},
\label{eqn:n}
\end{equation}
where $S$ is the surface area of a sheet or a nanotube wall and $N_\mathrm{atoms}$ is the number of atoms within that surface. In principle $\eta$ and $n_\mathrm{2D}$ can be converted by
$n_\mathrm{2D} = c_{\eta} (1-\eta)$. The constant $c_{\eta}$ is chosen to reproduce an $\eta$ value of a specific structure, for instance $\eta=1/9$ for the $\alpha$-sheet corresponds to $n_\mathrm{2D} = 0.372$ {\AA$^{-2}$} with $c_{\eta} = 0.419$.
However $n_\mathrm{2D}$ and $\eta$ are conceptually different quantities that cannot readily be converted. $\eta$ characterizes merely the morphology of a 2D surface but characteristic bond lengths of a certain structure are not taken into account. The surface density $n_\mathrm{2D}$ on the other hand depends on both bond lengths and the surface morphology.
{However, structures with the same morphology can have different surface densities, e.g., comparing a flat and a buckled surface. Furthermore, we point out that the surface area is not uniquely defined on the atomic scale. Here we determine the surface area by Delaunay triangulation, i.e., $S$ is the sum of all triangular areas drawn between atom triples in a way that no holes and overlapping regions exist.}
Throughout this paper we will use the surface density $n_\mathrm{2D}$ to characterize boron sheets and BNTs. While $\eta$ ranges between 0 (flat triangular) and $1/3$ (flat hexagonal lattice), the corresponding limiting surface densities (obtained with DFT/PBE, see methods section) are 0.396 {\AA$^{-2}$} and 0.272 {\AA$^{-2}$}, respectively.

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{energies.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:energies}
Stability, structural transitions and collapse of boron nanotubes (BNTs) at high temperatures: the graph shows cohesive energies $E_\mathrm{coh}^\mathrm{tube}$ of different BNTs relative to the cohesive energy $E_\mathrm{coh}^\mathrm{\alpha-sheet}$ of the $\alpha$-sheet before ($\ast$) and after ($\times$) \textit{ab initio} molecular dynamics simulation at 870$^\circ$C. We consider $\alpha$-BNTs, buckled-triangular (BT) BNTs and distorted-hexagonal (DH) BNTs. During the simulations  the systems are either stable (nearby symbols), they transform from BT or DH initial structures into mixed triangular-hexagonal BNT structures (symbols connected by broken lines) or they collapse (symbols with boxes).
Final structures are found to be within an energy window of +75 meV/atom relative to the energy of perfect $\alpha$-BNTs (indicated by their diameter-dependent strain energy curve $E_\mathrm{strain}^\mathrm{\alpha-BNT}(d)$).
}
\end{figure}

So far, theoretical investigations on boron sheets and BNTs have mostly focused on determining the zero temperature ground state structure by structural searches and optimizations \cite{Wu2012,Penev2012,Yu2012,Liu2013}.
However to prove the existence and the thermal stability of atomic structures it is necessary to consider their dynamical properties, i.e., lattice vibrations. Lau \textit{et al.}~and Wu \textit{et al.}~showed by DFT-based phonon calculation that several simple sheet models are dynamical unstable because their phonon dispersions exhibit imaginary frequencies \cite{Lau2008a,Wu2012}, low energy MTH structures however were shown to be dynamically stable \cite{Wu2012}.
As phonons are collective harmonic vibrations about the structure's equilibrium positions, high-temperature properties and phase transitions cannot easily be accessed.
In order to judge whether BNTs derived from the MTH sheets are suitable candidates to explain the experimental observations of BNTs \cite{Ciuparu2004,Liu2010,Liu2011}, it is necessary to prove that they are thermally stable  at the synthesis temperature of 870$^\circ$C.
{
The glasslike energy landscape of boron clusters and the strong tendency of boron to form 3D icosahedral structures \cite{De2011} suggests that under strong thermal motion initial nanotubues would lose their tubular shape and transform into disordered structures with some icosahedra inside.
Boron nanotubes can only exist if this does not happen.
Therefore this article is trying to answer the following questions:
1. Can boron nanotubes with atomically thin walls and non-icosahedral geometries exist?
2. If yes, what is their atomic structure?
}

As result we show by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on DFT that free-standing, single-walled BNTs with MTH structures, diameters larger than ca.~0.6 nm
are indeed thermally stable at the synthesis temperature. During the course of the MD simulation BNTs related to the $\alpha$-sheet are fully stable and have a mean surface density of $n_\mathrm{2D} = 0.357$ {\AA$^{-2}$}.
Initial DH and BT structures are not stable and either collapse or transform into partially defective, MTH structures with broken crystallinity but local atomic order and a mean surface density of $n_\mathrm{2D} = 0.340$  {\AA$^{-2}$}.
The observation of such remarkable structural transitions shows that atomically thin boron tends to form MTH structures when it is subject to external (synthesis) conditions that force it into a tubular shape.
Thus MTH {morphologies are indeed} a paradigm in boron chemistry for atomically thin structures which amend the paradigm of the B$_{12}$ icosahedron that is considered for bulk structures and boranes. Furthermore our results indicate that disorder and defects might play a much more important role in boron nanostructures  than in carbon or boron-nitride based nanostructures.

\section{Results and Discussion}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=.9\columnwidth]{topview.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:topview}
(a) Stable and (b) structurally transformed
boron nanotubes with different diameters seen along their main axis.
Red represents ideal, initial structures before the MD simulation and green are the final, annealed and optimized structures after the MD simulation.
}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{unrolled.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:unrolled}
The atomic structure of the walls of some considered boron nanotubes, unrolled into a plane. The black lines represent the units of repetition (the horizontal direction corresponds to the circumference and the vertical direction to the axial direction of the actual BNT).
The transformed structures (b) and (c) clearly resemble the ideal $\alpha$-BNT (a), where triangular and empty hexagonal motives prevail. The basic difference to ideal $\alpha$-BNTs is the armorphous structure and the occurrence of non-hexagonal holes.
}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=.8\columnwidth,trim=20 20 20 60]{rpdf.pdf}
\caption{\label{fig:rpdf}
Structural transitions of boron nanotubes visualized by the change of their radial pair distribution function (RPDF): before (cyan lines) and after (red lines) the MD simulation. The RPDFs of nanotubes within one of the three structural classes ($\alpha$, BT or DH) have similar characteristic peaks. But the RPDFs of nanotubes from different structural classes are clearly distinguishable. The RPDF of all stable, final structures is similar to one of the prototypical (12,0) $\alpha$-nanotube shown in the bottom panel. This indicates that the structures of all thermally stable nanotubes are relatively similar to $\alpha$-BNTs structures. Mind that the BT-zigzag (18,0) is a collapsed structure.
}
\end{figure}

In order to study the thermal stability of BNTs we consider 4 BNTs of each of the three structural class, i.e., buckled triangular (BT), distorted hexagonal (DH) and $\alpha$-BNTs, summing up to a total of 12 BNTs. The 4 BNTs of each class are an armchair and a zigzag nanotube with a small ($<$ 0.8 nm) and a big ($>$ 1.5 nm) diameter. Armchair and zigzag BNTs of each structural class are illustrated in Figure \ref{fig:structures}. The chiral indices $(n,m)$ of a BNT of each class are defined by the wrapping vector $\mathbf{W} = n \mathbf{a_1} + m \mathbf{a_2}$ that spans the circumference of the nanotube, and $\mathbf{a_1}$ and $\mathbf{a_2}$ refer to the primitive lattice translations of the underlying boron sheet {as indicated in Figure \ref{fig:structures}}.

The dynamics of the system is simulated by \textit{ab initio} MD simulations based on DFT within the Generalized Gradient Approximation for the exchange-correlation potential. For the details on the simulations we refer to the methods section at the end of this article.
Boron exhibits very complex and quite flexible chemical bonding patterns (mixtures of covalent two-center and multi-center bonds) that are very hard to capture in
approximate quantum methods. For static ground state properties and harmonic vibrational frequencies some progress within the framework of the density functional tight-binding method has been made recently \cite{Grundkotter-Stock2012}. However, to obtain reliable structural dynamics at high temperatures it is necessary to perform the MD simulations on the computationally expensive \textit{ab initio} level, where the chemical bonding is correctly represented for any given instantaneous geometry. Therewith the high-temperature behavior and structural transitions of the BNTs can be correctly described.

The basic outcome of this study is summarized in Figure \ref{fig:energies} where we plot the cohesive energies (also known as binding energies or atomization energies) $E_\mathrm{coh} = E_\mathrm{tot}/N - E_\mathrm{atom}$ of different BNTs relative to the cohesive energy $E_\mathrm{coh}^\mathrm{\alpha-sheet}$ of the $\alpha$-sheet. $E_\mathrm{tot}$, $N$ and $E_\mathrm{atom}$ are the total energy of a system, the number of atoms in the system and the total energy of a single B atom, respectively (note that with this definition the cohesive energy has a negative sign).
As the cohesive energy of the $\alpha$-sheet is smaller  than the one of the BNTs (indicating more binding energy), the most stable structures are shown in the lower part of the figure and the stability decreases in the vertical direction.
The difference of the cohesive energies between a nanotube and the corresponding sheet is the so called strain (or curvature) energy $E_\mathrm{strain} = E_\mathrm{coh}^\mathrm{tube} - E_\mathrm{coh}^\mathrm{sheet}$. It describes the amount of energy per atom needed to roll a flat sheet into a specific tube. For sheets with nearly isotropic in-plane properties (like the $\alpha$-sheet) the strain energies obeys $E_\mathrm{strain}(d) = C/d^2$ \cite{Kunstmann2007}, where $d$ is the tube's diameter and $C=0.03694$ eV~nm$^2$/atom is our fit to the final results for $\alpha$-BNTs. The value for $C$ agrees well with previous results \cite{Singh2008,Bezugly2011}. The strain energy curve of $\alpha$-BNTs is shown as black continuous line in the lower part of Figure \ref{fig:energies}.

During the simulations at 870$^\circ$C the different initial structures (indicated by $\ast$ symbols in Figure \ref{fig:energies}) are either stable, structurally transform into MTH-BNTs (symbols connected by broken lines) or collapse (symbols with boxes). Figure \ref{fig:topview} gives examples for initial (red) and final structures (green) illustrating these types of behaviors. The initial and final geometries of the stable structures in (a) are hardly distinguishable, the cross-sections of transformed ones in (b) can be non-circular due to the presence of defects and disorder and the collapsed BNTs lose their tubular shape as will be discussed below.

The most stable structures are the $\alpha$-BNTs. Only the small diameter (2,2) $\alpha$-BNT collapsed and the other $\alpha$-BNTs kept their initial structure at all times. Their dynamical stability, shown by the MD simulations, is further supported by their high cohesive energies, indicating high chemical binding energies. The cohesive energies of $\alpha$-BNTs set the boundary for the most stable MTH structures that are indicated by the strain energy curve $E_\mathrm{strain}(d)$ in Figure \ref{fig:energies}.
In Figure \ref{fig:unrolled}(a) the structure of the wall of one $\alpha$-BNTs after the MD simulation is shown. It is indeed identical the structure of the $\alpha$-sheet in Figure \ref{fig:structures}(a). Figure \ref{fig:topview}(a) shows examples of stable small and large-diameter $\alpha$-BNTs. Final $\alpha$-BNTs differ from their initial counterparts only by small surface modulations that also give rise to small energy differences in Figure \ref{fig:energies}. For details about these surface modulations we refer the reader to another work \cite{Tang2010}.
While the planar $\alpha$-sheet has a surface density of $n_\mathrm{2D} = 0.372$ {\AA$^{-2}$}, the values of the three stable $\alpha$-BNTs are $n_\mathrm{2D} = 0.357 \pm 0.003$ {\AA$^{-2}$}, with the difference coming from the out-of plane surface modulations that increase the surface area and decrease the density compared to the flat $\alpha$-sheet.

A second class of simulated structures undergo a structural transition. These are all DH-BNTs and the (0,30) BT-BNT. This finding is quite remarkable as the MD simulations provide final structures of MTH type without the need to artificially impose that. This shows that boron tends to form MTH structural patterns if it is subject to boundary conditions that enforce an overall planar or tubular shape.
MTH structures are a specific realization of structures predicted by the Aufbau principle by I. Boustani, that described the general morphology of small boron clusters \cite{Boustani1997b}. We think that they can be considered as a fundamental paradigm in boron chemistry for atomically thin systems.

The transformed MTH-BNTs are shown in Figure \ref{fig:topview}(b) and \ref{fig:unrolled}(b),(c). These structures are very similar to the $\alpha$-sheet.
However the hexagons occur in a disordered way, i.e., the crystallinity is broken, but local atomic order, represented by similar triangular and hexagonal structural motives, is maintained.
Furthermore polygonal holes with 4, 5, 7, 8  and even 11 vertices can be found, which we will subsequently refer to as lattice defects.
As a matter of computational feasibility all our simulations are done using periodic boundary conditions (the unit cells are indicated as black lines in Figure \ref{fig:unrolled}). Therefore the occurrence of MTH-BNTs with broken crystallinity and local atomic order after a structural transition {is most likely} a result of incommensurate simulation cells that do not allow crystalline structures to be formed.
{The unit cells of most of the transformed BNTs are either incommensurate with the alpha-sheet lattice or would require axial contractions bigger than 10\% that are not accessible by our simulation because the size of the unit cells is fixed. Only the (8,8) DH-BNT could transform into a (5,5) $\alpha$-BNT with -0.6\% axial strain and a 9\% radial contraction. However within the 20 ps simulation time we did not observe this transition.}
The fact that the crystalline $\alpha$-BNTs are generally more stable (in terms of cohesive energies) than the transformed, disordered MTH-BNTs (see Figure \ref{fig:energies}) seem to support {further the influence of the finite size unit cells.}
Pochet \textit{et al.} pointed out the role of disorder in boron fullerenes and they conjectured that disordered BNTs could be more stable than ordered ones \cite{Pochet2011}. Our results do not seem to confirm this conjecture.
It appears that the complexity of the energy landscapes of the 1D BNTs and the one of 0D boron clusters \cite{De2011} differ.
However tranformed MTH-BNTs are dynamically stable in our MD simulations indicating the possible existence of BNTs surface structures that lack long-range order.
The surface densities of the 5 transformed BNTs is $n_\mathrm{2D} = 0.340 \pm 0.004$ {\AA$^{-2}$}, i.e., less dense than the $\alpha$-BNTs ($n_\mathrm{2D} = 0.357$ {\AA$^{-2}$}). Although the surface structures of the transformed BNTs differ strongly and they are irregular and partially defective, their surface densities are practically the same. This apparently surprising result seem to reflect the tendency of the BNTs to optimize the ratio between electron-rich filled hexagons and electron-deficient empty hexagons (self-doping) during the course of the MD simulation.
The fact that the surface density of the $\alpha$-BNTs is higher than the one of the transformed ones (see above) might indicate that the self-doping is not fully optimized in $\alpha$-BNTs, that keep their $\alpha$-type geometries during the MD simulation.  Recent works of Penev \textit{et al.}~and Yu \textit{et al.}~for 2D boron sheets showed that DFT calculations based on the PBE exchange-correlation functional find the absolute minimum of the cohesive energy vs. $\eta$ convex hull to be at $\eta=1/8=0.125$ and not at $\eta=1/9=0.11$ ($\alpha$-sheet) \cite{Penev2012,Yu2012}. As a bigger $\eta$ value corresponds to a smaller surface density their results for 2D boron sheets and our results for 1D BNTs seem to indicate a similar trend.
Interestingly, the cohesive energies of the transformed MTH-BNTs are found to vary over a sizable energy range of 75 meV/atom relative to the energy of perfect $\alpha$-BNTs (see Figure \ref{fig:energies}).

The dynamics of the structural transitions from DH or BT structures to MTH ones initially occurs on very short time scales and then continues slowly as a process that eliminates defects and reduces disorder. For more details on the dynamics we refer to Figure S1 of the Supporting Information.
Even though the structural transitions slowly proceeds further with time the basic nanotubes are perfectly stable at 870$^\circ$C. Thus our results show that partially defective, MTH-BNTs with broken crystallinity and local atomic order are thermally stable.

The fact that BT-BNTs and DH-BNTs either collapse or undergo structural transformations but are never stable rules out these models as candidates to explain the atomic structure of BNTs.
In the collapsed structures atoms on opposite walls of the initial nanotube come close to each other during the MD simulation and eventually form covalent bonds. Depending on the system more and more bonds are formed and the structures loose their tubular shape. In some of the collapsed systems
fragments of B$_{12}$ icosahedra can be found, indicating boron's tendency towards forming bulk structures. However the surface-to-volume ratio of the collapsed systems is is still too big to fully transform into bulk-like systems.
We wish to point out that the structural collapse of zigzag BT-BNTs was predicted by one of the authors earlier \cite{Kunstmann2006}.
Among the collapsed structures there is the (2,2) $\alpha$-BNT where 1-2 covalent bonds are formed between opposite walls. Such effect is not known to happen in carbon nanotubes. The fact that small diameter BNTs are unstable agrees with the experimental observation that only nanotubes with large diameters are found \cite{Ciuparu2004,Liu2010,Liu2011}. We empirically determine the smallest possible diameter of stable BNTs to be at about 0.6 nm.

To further characterize the BNTs in consideration we calculate the radial pair distribution function (RPDF) that gives the number of atoms in a spherical shell of infinitesimal thickness at a distance $r$ from a reference atom. The RPDF peaks at distances that are characteristic to a certain structure and for distances $r<2.2$ {\AA} it indicates characteristic bond lengths.
Nanotubes within one of the three structural classes ($\alpha$, BT or DH) exhibit similar characteristic peaks but the RPDFs of nanotubes from different structural classes are clearly distinguishable. This indicates that the three structural classes exhibit distinguishable, characteristic bond lengths.
While the initial DH-BNTs and BT-BNTs have several peaks the $\alpha$-BNTs show only one narrow peak at 1.68 {\AA}.
The RPDFs of the transformed MTH nanotubes exhibit broader, single peaks at similar interatomic distances, indicating that all thermally stable MTH nanotubes have similar structures than  $\alpha$-BNTs, which is also obvious from inspecting Figure \ref{fig:unrolled}.
The relatively narrow bond length distribution for defect-free $\alpha$-structures is rather unusual for boron-rich systems, where the presence of distinct two-center and multi-center bonds usually implies a relatively broad bond length distribution.
In Figure \ref{fig:rpdf} we also show the RPDF of the collapsed (18,0) BT-BNT. As its structure is more irregular the RPDF is characterized by a broader distribution of bond length.

Finally, to test the dynamical stablility of BNTs some of these systems were also simulated at a higher  temperature of 1500 K. The initial structures were the final structures of the $T= 1143$ K (870$^\circ$C) simulation run, if the latter were stable or have structurally transformed. For collapsed ones, the initial, ideal structures were used. We found that $\alpha$-BNTs and BT-BNTs behave the same way as at $T=1143$ K (see Figure \ref{fig:energies}), whereas small-diameter DH-BNTs [(4,4) and (10,-10)] collapsed and large-diameter [(8,8) and (30,-30)] remain to be stable as MTH-BNTs.
The small-diameter DH-BNTs collapse the same way as described above, i.e., by virtue of their thermal movement  atoms on opposite sides of the nanotube come close to each other and eventually form a  covalent bond. These results seem to suggest that the stability of small diameter MTH-BNTs varies with temperature, the degree of disorder and the number of defects. The influence of these parameters has to be studied in more detail in the future.

\section{Summary and Conclusion}
To summarize, by means of DFT-based molecular dynamics simulations we were able to show that free-standing, singe-walled BNTs are thermally stable at the experimentally reported synthesis temperature of 870$^\circ$C and higher. The latter were found to have mixed triangular-hexagonal (MTH) morphologies and diameters larger than ca.~0.6 nm.
BNTs related to the $\alpha$-sheet are thermally stable. Distorted-hexagonal (DH) and buckled-triangular (BT) BNTs are thermally unstable and during a MD simulation they either collapse or transform into partially defective, MTH-BNTs with broken crystallinity and local atomic order.
Thus DH and BT-BNTs can be  ruled out as structural models for BNTs.
Although originating from non-MTH initial structures the transformed MTH-BNTs all have very similar atomic surface densities of $0.340 \pm 0.004$ {\AA$^{-2}$}. This density could reflect a good self-doping balance between the number of electron-rich filled hexagons and the number of electron-deficient empty hexagons in a system.
The chemical binding energies of the crystalline $\alpha$-BNTs are higher than the ones of the MTH-BNTs with broken crystallinity, indicating a tendency of BNTs to prefer crystalline surface structures.
However the thermal stability of the MTH-BNTs with broken crystallinity and local atomic order
shows that, similar to findings in boron bulk structures, disorder and defects might play a more significant role than they do for carbon or boron-nitride nanotubes.
The structural transformations observed during the MD simulations show that boron tends to form MTH structures when it is subject to external (synthesis) conditions that force it into a planar or tubular shape. We therefore believe that MTH morphologies are a structural paradigm for atomically thin boron-rich systems
and amend the paradigm of the B$_{12}$ icosahedron that is considered for bulk structures and boranes.

\section{Computational Methods}

We simulate infinite, free-standing nanotubes by placing lattice-periodic nanotubes fragments in hexagonal supercells with the periodic direction going along the $z$ axis and a separation of 10 {\AA} between neighboring nanotubes in the $x$ and $y$ directions. The unit cell sizes along the $z$ direction are system dependent and were chosen to be between 8 and 12 {\AA}.

The MD simulations are performed in the NVT ensemble (constant number of particles, volume and temperature) using the Nos\'{e}-Hoover thermostat \cite{Nose1984} with a mass parameter of $\mu = 0$. A Verlet algorithm with a time step of 1 fs is used to integrate Newton's equation of motion. To avoid the appearance of unphysical vibrational modes all simulations start with a 1 ps warm-up phase, where the temperature is linearly risen from 0 K to either 1143 K (870$^\circ$C) or 1500 K. The warm up phase is followed by 20 ps simulation at constant temperature. Stable structures are then annealed by linearly lowering the temperature down to 0 K within 1 ps. The annealed structures are then structurally optimized (including the lattice parameter in the $z$ direction) until all interatomic forces are below 0.01 eV/{\AA} and, in a final static (singe-point) calculations, the total energy is determined.

All of these calculations are based on the density functional theory \cite{Kohn1965} (DFT) within the framework of the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) using the parametrization by Perdew, Burke and Ernzerhof (PBE) \cite{Perdew1996}. We used the Vienna ab initio simulation package (VASP, version 5.2) \cite{Kresse1996,Kresse1996a} employing the projected augmented wave (PAW) method \cite{Blochl1994a,Kresse1999}.
A plane wave basis set with a kinetic energy cutoff of 240 eV was used for the MD simulations and a  cutoff of 320 eV for structural optimizations and calculations of total energies. In all self-consistent calculations the total energies were converged, such that energetic changes were less than 10 meV for the MD simulations and less than 0.1 meV for the structural optimizations and calculations of total energies. In order to ensure that the wave functions of the MD runs are sufficiently converged, the DFT self-consistency loop was required to do at least 4 iterations at each MD time step.
For the k-point sampling of the Brillouin zone, $\Gamma$-point centered grids were used. The k-space integration was carried out with the method of Methfessel and Paxton in first order \cite{Methfessel1989} and a smearing width of 0.1 eV for all calculations. Optimal k-point meshes are individually converged for each system by reducing the changes in the total energy at least below 3 meV/atom.

The surface area $S$ of all BNTs (see equation \ref{eqn:n}) was determined by Delaunay triangulation and properly taking into account the periodicity of the nanotubes fragments. The RPDFs in Figure \ref{fig:rpdf} were calculated from the nanotube fragments with VMD {(software to visualize and analyze molecular structures)}\cite{Humphrey1996} and a radial resolution of 0.03 {\AA}, mapped on a finer radial grid and then smoothened with a running average window of 0.03 {\AA}.

\section{Supporting Information}
Supporting Information is available, showing the time evolution of the potential energy of stable, collapsing and structurally transforming BNTs.

\section{Acknowledgements}
JK, VB and GC acknowledge financial support from the German Research Foundation (DFG) (project KU 2347/2-2). MHR thanks the German Research Foundation (DFG RU1540/15-2).
This work is partly supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) within the Cluster of Excellence "Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden" and by the European Union (ERDF) and the Free State of Saxony via TP A2 ("MolFunc"/"MolDiagnosik") of the Cluster of Excellence "European Center for Emerging Materials and Processes Dresden" (ECEMP).
The computations were performed at the Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH) of  the TU Dresden.

\bibliographystyle{rsc}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The SEC charged a marijuana consulting company and its executives with conducting illegal stock sales.
The SEC filed its court Complaint in California against Medbox, Inc., a marijuana consulting services company that also claimed to sell biometric identification vending machines capable of dispensing marijuana.
The SEC alleged that Medbox's founder, Vincent Mehdizadeh created a shell company ("New-Age") to conduct millions of dollars worth of illegal stock sales pertaining to Medbox. The Medbox shares sold through New-Age were restricted securities that were not eligible for public sale.
According to the Complaint, Mehdizadeh funneled the capital raised in those illegal stock sales back into Medbox in exchange for (1) an assignment of Medbox accounts receivables that New-Age never collected; (2) additional restricted shares; (3) dispensary "management rights" that Medbox did not own; and (4) other rights that Medbox did not possess.
The Complaint stated that this illegal scheme enabled Medbox to claim higher revenue and earnings performance than the company actually achieved from 2012-2014. Medbox subsequently cited those fictitious revenues in press releases to promote record revenues and establish itself as a highly successful, rapidly growing business. According to the SEC, the majority of Medbox's revenue during this period was actually derived from the illegal stock sales conducted through the New-Age shell company.
Mehdizadeh also purportedly transferred capital from New-Age into a real estate escrow account that he then used to acquire a luxury home in Pacific Palisades, CA.
The SEC also charged Medbox CEO Bruce Bedrick with being complicit in Mehdizadeh's scheme. Per the court Complaint, Bedrick was aware that New-Age was owned by Mehdizadeh, and he approved specific transactions while being aware that they provided no tangential value to New-Age. Bedrick allegedly sold over 710,000 of his Medbox shares in private placements or public sales, garnering $6,483,180 in total sales proceeds.
Mehdizadeh' s then-fiancée Yocelin Legaspi, who was supposedly acting as New-Age's CEO, was also charged with participating in the fraud through the unlawful selling of unregistered securities.
Specifically, the Complaint alleged that Medbox made materially false filings with the SEC.
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By failing to implement adequate controls to ensure the proper recognition of those things, Medbox committed internal controls violations.
Furthermore, according to the Complaint, Mehdizadeh knowingly or recklessly lied when he signed false management representation letters that were provided to Medbox's auditors.
Mehdizadeh and Medbox agreed to settle the SEC's charges.
According to the SEC's press release, Mehdizadeh agreed to pay over $12 million in disgorgement and penalties. He also agreed to be barred from serving as an officer or director of a public company, and to be barred from participating in any penny stock offerings.


This website is being renovated - some links may not work at this time.
The Virgil Observatory is a new, remotely controlled observatory in central New York state, about twenty miles east of Ithaca, NY. The observatory, located in a light-pollution-free rural neighborhood at an elevation of 1400 feet, sees about 90% of the sky. The view is unrestricted down to some 25 degrees above the horizon. It's no longer possible to read a newspaper "under the stars."
A 30-second exposure with an unfiltered, cooled CCD camera reaches 18th magnitude.
On this site, you can see some of the interesting pictures and other research results obtained at the Virgil Observatory.
In June 2017, the family moved from Washington DC and BrightSkies Observatory to this dark sky site in central New York. We renamed the new observatory to reflect the name of the village we live nearest to.


Classic Salsa the Editors of Publications International, Ltd.
Cut tomatoes in half; remove seeds. Coarsely chop tomatoes. Combine tomatoes, onion, jalapeño peppers, cilantro, garlic and lime juice in medium bowl. Add salt and black pepper to taste. Cover and refrigerate 1 hour or up to 3 days for flavors to blend.


I was surprised when I was told that Frontera Cocina, the Disney Springs restaurant from chef Rick Bayless was celebrating its third year.
I was even more surprised that the man who told me was Bayless himself.
It seemed like no more than a year ago that Bayless, the well-known Chicago based chef and restaurateur, was on hand to open the Disney Springs venue. I figured that would be the last we'd see of him in Central Florida. Certain celebrity chefs are known for putting their names on restaurants and then practically forgetting where they are.
But Bayless, I'm told, is at Frontera Cocina at least once a quarter, usually to help roll out a seasonal menu. That was why he was there talking to me last month as part of a media preview of the winter menu.
To read Scott Joseph's full review, click here.
Grilled Cheese Social (MacKenzie Smith) sat down with Frontera Cocina's very own Tequila Ambassador Hilda Castillo in celebration of National Margarita Day!
To check out the blog post and video, click here.
Frontera Cocina at Disney Springs has just launched a new limited-time menu, inspired by the diverse Mexico City. Created by Seven-time winner of the nationally-recognized James Beard Awards for culinary excellence, Chef Rick Bayless, the Taste of Mexico City menu features four new menu items, and three featured drinks. In addition, a new seasonal menu adds three new dishes to the restaurant's line-up.
To read WDWMAGIC's full review, click here.
Open since 2016, Frontera Cocina at Disney Spring is a Mexican restaurant by seven-time winner of the James Beard Foundation Award, Chef Rick Bayless. Most people know Rick Bayless from winning the title of Bravo's Top Chef Masters, beating out the French and Italian with his authentic Mexican cuisine.
To read TastyChomps' full review, click here.
We all have flavors we shy away from – things we tasted in our past that just didn't settle right, or foods we're too nervous to try. I have been guilty of avoiding entire dishes simply because they sound like I may not enjoy them. But when you are invited to try a new menu, you try everything on it. It was with mild trepidation that I tasted the first few dishes, but I quickly realized: this is flavor done right – every accent, every spice. Every new plate brought before me was a surprise, and I can't wait to share all of them with you.
To read Orlando Informer's full review, click here.
Frontera Cocina was featured as one of the places to eat when you visit Walt Disney World in 2019.
To read TravelPulse's full post, click here.
Frontera Cocina's Pecan Pie Bar was featured as one of the 18 best things to eat at Disney Springs, according to Eater contributor Carlye Wisel.
To read Eater's full post, click here.


text:
El distrito de Demmin  es un distrito alemán ubicado al este del estado federal de Mecklemburgo-Pomerania Occidental. Los distritos vecinos al norte son Distrito de Pomerania Septentrional, al este limita con el distrito de Pomerania Oriental, al sudeste con el distrito de Mecklemburgo-Strelitz, al sur limita con el distrito de Müritz así como el oeste con el distrito de Güstrow. La capital del distrito es la ciudad de Demmin.

División administrativa

Municipios
 Dargun, Stadt (5.075)
 Demmin, Hansestadt * (12.753)

'''Unión de Municipios (Amt)

Véase también
 Mecklemburgo-Pomerania Occidental - Estado federal al que pertenece este distrito.

Enlaces externos
 Página web del Landkreises Demmin

Demmin