In my practice, I saw taxpayers fall into the trap of extending his or her income tax return to October, but forgetting to file the FBAR by the June 30 deadline. Now this problem is a thing of the past.
What Is A Foreign Bank Account Report?
These accounts have an aggregate (total) balance greater than the equivalent of $10,000.
At last, Congress passed a law resolving this due date disparity. Beginning in 2017 (reporting for the 2016 calendar year), the FBAR will share the same deadline as individual income tax returns: April 15.
Under the new FBAR filing rules, the FBAR filing deadline for U.S. citizens and residents residing abroad will be extended automatically until June 15th, with an additional four-month extension available until October 15.
The new FBAR rules also give the federal government the authority to waive penalties for first-time FBAR filing taxpayers who failed to request an extension to file on time. To obtain the penalty relief, the taxpayers must file the FBAR by October 15. It is unclear how a taxpayer will request an extension to file a FBAR as we are still awaiting guidance.
Know that the new provisions do not change the fact that the FBAR must be filed electronically with FinCEN, separate and apart from the taxpayer's income return.


It is not unusual for employees to just want to attend to the work they have been assigned and not have any further involvement with the company they work for. What many employees don't realise is that by being more involved can actually further their career.
Many businesses have different types of internal company committees. Many of the positions on these committees are for volunteers. When one participates as a volunteer, they are doing an extra service for the company and in most cases, this does not go unnoticed.
By being a volunteer on an internal company committee, it allows management to see what else you are capable of and how this can be of value to the company, perhaps in some of the other paid positions.
Management committees within the company are usually made up of workers that hold various positions within the company. This is a committee that is able to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the company and make recommendations to help in the growth of the company.
This group of employees can play an important role in the type of benefits that a company should offer to its employees and the capability of the company to be able to do so. It creates a line of communication between the management and the employees. It creates a better working environment at all levels.
Most companies know that it is important for their business to be recognised in the community that they serve. One of the most effective ways to be able to do this is through volunteering. This plays such a vital role in building a brand of the company that it will set up a committee that is committed to determining what volunteer services can be offered, and work with a budget that can handle this.
A dedicated employee should pay close attention to what committees they could be of value to within their company.


Koluman Otomotiv Endüstri A.S. manufacture, supply and service among others all types of Airport Equipment including Runway Sweepers, Refuellers, Runway Plough, Sweeper and Blower.
Koluman Otomotiv Endustrisi A.S. (Automotive Industry Inc.) (KOE), a subsidiary of Koluman Holding (Turkey), which is the largest local shareholder in Mercedes Benz Türk A.S., is located in Tarsus/Turkey. It was founded in 1999 and equipped to ensure high quality manufacturing standards. The company has been certified since 2008 by the world's largest manufacturer of commercial vehicles, Daimler AG of Stuttgart, and bases its production entirely to the standards of the German automotive industry. All Koluman Products are integrated to KOE Quality Systems and a Shop Floor Management System in order to ensure high quality standards.
In the ultra modern factory facilities, Semi-Trailer, Cargo, Tanker, Tipper and Platforms are under serial production.
The production of fuel tanker vehicles started in 2001 via a license with the German Rohr AG & Co based in Straubing.
Five years later, concrete pump production for the local market, neighboring countries in the Near East and Middle Eastern countries began based on a royalty based partnering agreement with the South Korean manufacturer JunJin.
The "other leg" is finally its own design and manufacture of super structures such as tippers, tankers, platforms, sweepers for trucks, which are marketed under the brand name KOLUMAN.
The Koluman KRS 90P is specially designed to meet customers' requirements for runway sweeping. Thanks to a unique design nothing is left after its operation on runways. It is easier and quicker to sweep by means of its 3500mm sweeping width and its high efficiency vacuum capacity. A dual blowing unit and front mounted magnet is optional for further needs.
The polypropylene brushes make sure that the runway surfaces are in a safe condition.
Corrosion resistant surface coatings and materials are used to extend the life of the vehicle.
A closed hydraulic fan circuit can handle up to 400bars.
Water tank capacity – 1,500 liters.
Koluman's high performance sweepers are designed for clearing ice and snow at airports. Sweepers featuring separate propulsion and auxiliary power engines keep runways and taxiways clear for take-off and landing throughout the winter season. Its high maneuverability lets you clean surfaces in difficult to reach areas.
Ideal for using at large airports. Semi-trailer type.
Smooth, vibration free operation, thanks to a well-designed rigid frame.
High performance engine that meets the latest emission standards.
Ergonomically designed and easy to use control panel with a few simple controls and icons. Automation lets the operator concentrate only snow clearing. The main plough, brush and blower functions are controlled by three switches. A joystick allows the operator to control the entire hydraulic motion system.
Central hydraulic system is housed in the engine compartment, with a manual override function. Blower and brush are controlled by two separate hydraulic circuits. A third separate circuit is provided to control all the functions . All operations such as opening the engine compartment and actuating emergency valve functions can be operated by an electric hydraulic pump when the auxiliary engine is switched off.
Can utilize 4.2 meters to 6.3 meters hydrostatically driven cleaning brush. Can be controlled independently of the blower fan. The brush is suspended by twin castor wheels prevent vibration.
Powerful Blower System mounted in front of the rear axle, which blasts away the remnants of the snow.
The Aircraft Refueller rigid tank truck type is suitable for pressure refuelling of aircrafts with kerosene, with a tank capacity of 20.000l and a fuelling performance up to 1.200 l/min. All pipework in the main system is constructed with aluminum alloy and is designed to reduce pressure loss to a minimum.
Pipe joints are flanged, bends are of smooth radius type where possible, gauge lines, sense lines as well as drain lines etc. are constructed in stainless steel.
All components as well as pipe fittings which are in contact with the fuel are made from materials which respectively meet the international required standard are coated by special materials like tin etc. Flexible joints are fitted within the pipework where necessary to avoid high stresses that would be caused by chassis flexure.


text:
"In my home there are few publications that we actually get hard copies of, but [Arms Control Today] is one and it's the only one my husband and I fight over who gets to read it first."
– Suzanne DiMaggio
Senior Fellow, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Syria Steps Up Removal of Chemicals
Syria has picked up the pace in removing its chemical weapons materials for overseas destruction and has sent about half of its stockpile out of the country, according to figures in a March 20 press release from the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).
Syria had been under broad international pressure to speed up the effort. By the end of February, it had made four shipments, removing about 5 percent of its so-called Priority 1 chemicals and about 20 percent of the Priority 2 chemicals. Citing those figures, Robert Mikulak, the U.S. ambassador to the OPCW, had accused Syria of "continu[ing] to drag its feet." (See ACT, March 2014.)
Under a schedule set last November by the OPCW Executive Council, the Priority 1 materials were supposed to leave the country by Dec. 31. All other materials that are part of the overseas destruction program were to leave by Feb. 5. The rest of the approximately 1,300 metric tons of chemical agents that Syria declared is to be destroyed within the country.
The removal dates were set with an eye to a June 30 deadline for destruction of the chemical agents, which was established last September by the Executive Council and the UN Security Council. (See ACT, October 2013.)
According to the OPCW press release, more than one-third of the Priority 1 chemicals and more than 80 percent of the Priority 2 chemicals have been removed. Among the removed Priority 1 chemicals was all of the sulfur mustard that Syria had declared. It accounted for only about 20 metric tons, but, as the OPCW press release noted, it was the only unitary chemical warfare agent in Syria's declared arsenal. That means it was the only element of the arsenal that did not have to be combined with other chemical components to be weapons usable.
The quickened pace of chemical removal came as Syria agreed in early March to a timetable that would bring all of the chemicals out of the country by late April.
Commenting on the March series of shipments, Sigrid Kaag, the special coordinator of the joint mission of the OPCW and the United Nations to oversee the Syrian chemical removal and destruction effort, said in a March 20 statement that the joint mission "welcomes the momentum attained and encourages the Syrian Arab Republic to sustain the current pace."
Thomas Countryman, U.S. assistant secretary of state for international security and nonproliferation, also noted the removal of half of the Syrian chemicals, but said "that's not good enough." The regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad "has all the equipment it needs and has run out of excuses," Countryman told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee on March 26.
Syria is responsible for collecting the chemicals from sites across the country and bringing them to its Mediterranean port of Latakia. From there, an international convoy takes them away from Syria. Most of the Priority 1 chemicals eventually will be transferred to the MV Cape Ray, a U.S. vessel carrying two mobile units that will neutralize the chemicals while the ship is in international waters.
The rest of the Priority 1 chemicals are to be incinerated at a facility in the United Kingdom. The Priority 2 chemicals are to be destroyed at facilities in Finland and the United States under contracts that the OPCW awarded in February.
With regard to the schedule for destruction, Countryman said, "The international community continues to work toward the June 30 target date for the complete elimination of the program. While Syrian delays have placed that timeline in some danger, we continue to believe that [it] remain[s] achievable."
The developments in Syria have taken place against the backdrop of the crisis in Ukraine, which has pitted Russia against the United States and Europe. Because Russia, as a major ally of Syria, has a key role in the chemical disarmament effort, some observers have wondered about the effect of the Ukraine crisis on the removal and destruction operation in Syria.
In response to a question on that point at a March 20 briefing, a senior Obama administration official said that Russia is "deeply invested" in the Syria project because of "Russia's own interest in seeing these weapons destroyed."
A Russian official seemed to confirm that view in a March 31 e-mail to Arms Control Today. "As regards Russia's position on elimination of Syria's chemical weapons, it remains without change: we actively contribute in various forms towards its early conclusion," the official said. Russia's involvement "is not a bargaining chip" in the country's relationship with the United States and NATO, "but a practical manifestation of [Russia's] support for Syria and multilateral institutions such as the OPCW and the UN," he said.
The plan for Syrian chemical disarmament is based on a framework agreement negotiated by U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry and Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov last September.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
namespace RM.Friendly.WPFStandardControls.Generator.CreateDriver
{
    partial class DriverCodeSettingForm
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Required designer variable.
        /// </summary>
        private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// Clean up any resources being used.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="disposing">true if managed resources should be disposed; otherwise, false.</param>
        protected override void Dispose(bool disposing)
        {
            if (disposing && (components != null))
            {
                components.Dispose();
            }
            base.Dispose(disposing);
        }

        #region Windows Form Designer generated code

        /// <summary>
        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializeComponent()
        {
            this.splitContainer1 = new System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer();
            this._tabControlType = new System.Windows.Forms.TabControl();
            this.tabPage1 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabPage();
            this._driverCodeDriverControl = new RM.Friendly.WPFStandardControls.Generator.CreateDriver.DriverCodeDriverControl();
            this.tabPage2 = new System.Windows.Forms.TabPage();
            this._driverCodeGeneratorControl = new RM.Friendly.WPFStandardControls.Generator.CreateDriver.DriverCodeGeneratorControl();
            this._textBoxPreview = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();
            this._buttonOK = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this._buttonCancel = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();
            this.splitContainer1.Panel1.SuspendLayout();
            this.splitContainer1.Panel2.SuspendLayout();
            this.splitContainer1.SuspendLayout();
            this._tabControlType.SuspendLayout();
            this.tabPage1.SuspendLayout();
            this.tabPage2.SuspendLayout();
            this.SuspendLayout();
            //
            // splitContainer1
            //
            this.splitContainer1.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Top | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom)
            | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Left)
            | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            this.splitContainer1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);
            this.splitContainer1.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this.splitContainer1.Name = "splitContainer1";
            //
            // splitContainer1.Panel1
            //
            this.splitContainer1.Panel1.Controls.Add(this._tabControlType);
            //
            // splitContainer1.Panel2
            //
            this.splitContainer1.Panel2.Controls.Add(this._textBoxPreview);
            this.splitContainer1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(940, 378);
            this.splitContainer1.SplitterDistance = 467;
            this.splitContainer1.TabIndex = 0;
            //
            // _tabControlType
            //
            this._tabControlType.Alignment = System.Windows.Forms.TabAlignment.Bottom;
            this._tabControlType.Controls.Add(this.tabPage1);
            this._tabControlType.Controls.Add(this.tabPage2);
            this._tabControlType.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this._tabControlType.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
            this._tabControlType.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this._tabControlType.Name = "_tabControlType";
            this._tabControlType.SelectedIndex = 0;
            this._tabControlType.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(467, 378);
            this._tabControlType.TabIndex = 1;
            this._tabControlType.SelectedIndexChanged += new System.EventHandler(this._tabControlType_SelectedIndexChanged);
            //
            // tabPage1
            //
            this.tabPage1.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;
            this.tabPage1.Controls.Add(this._driverCodeDriverControl);
            this.tabPage1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(4, 4);
            this.tabPage1.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this.tabPage1.Name = "tabPage1";
            this.tabPage1.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this.tabPage1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(459, 349);
            this.tabPage1.TabIndex = 0;
            this.tabPage1.Text = "Driver";
            //
            // _driverCodeDriverControl
            //
            this._driverCodeDriverControl.AutoSizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoSizeMode.GrowAndShrink;
            this._driverCodeDriverControl.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this._driverCodeDriverControl.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(3, 2);
            this._driverCodeDriverControl.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this._driverCodeDriverControl.Name = "_driverCodeDriverControl";
            this._driverCodeDriverControl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(453, 345);
            this._driverCodeDriverControl.TabIndex = 15;
            //
            // tabPage2
            //
            this.tabPage2.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;
            this.tabPage2.Controls.Add(this._driverCodeGeneratorControl);
            this.tabPage2.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(4, 4);
            this.tabPage2.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this.tabPage2.Name = "tabPage2";
            this.tabPage2.Padding = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this.tabPage2.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(459, 349);
            this.tabPage2.TabIndex = 1;
            this.tabPage2.Text = "Generator";
            //
            // _driverCodeGeneratorControl
            //
            this._driverCodeGeneratorControl.AutoSizeMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoSizeMode.GrowAndShrink;
            this._driverCodeGeneratorControl.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this._driverCodeGeneratorControl.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(3, 2);
            this._driverCodeGeneratorControl.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this._driverCodeGeneratorControl.Name = "_driverCodeGeneratorControl";
            this._driverCodeGeneratorControl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(453, 345);
            this._driverCodeGeneratorControl.TabIndex = 0;
            //
            // _textBoxPreview
            //
            this._textBoxPreview.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill;
            this._textBoxPreview.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0);
            this._textBoxPreview.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this._textBoxPreview.Multiline = true;
            this._textBoxPreview.Name = "_textBoxPreview";
            this._textBoxPreview.ReadOnly = true;
            this._textBoxPreview.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(469, 378);
            this._textBoxPreview.TabIndex = 0;
            //
            // _buttonOK
            //
            this._buttonOK.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            this._buttonOK.DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.OK;
            this._buttonOK.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(796, 395);
            this._buttonOK.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this._buttonOK.Name = "_buttonOK";
            this._buttonOK.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 29);
            this._buttonOK.TabIndex = 1;
            this._buttonOK.Text = "OK";
            this._buttonOK.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            //
            // _buttonCancel
            //
            this._buttonCancel.Anchor = ((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles)((System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Bottom | System.Windows.Forms.AnchorStyles.Right)));
            this._buttonCancel.DialogResult = System.Windows.Forms.DialogResult.Cancel;
            this._buttonCancel.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(877, 395);
            this._buttonCancel.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this._buttonCancel.Name = "_buttonCancel";
            this._buttonCancel.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(75, 29);
            this._buttonCancel.TabIndex = 2;
            this._buttonCancel.Text = "Cancel";
            this._buttonCancel.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;
            //
            // DriverCodeSettingForm
            //
            this.AcceptButton = this._buttonOK;
            this.AutoScaleDimensions = new System.Drawing.SizeF(8F, 15F);
            this.AutoScaleMode = System.Windows.Forms.AutoScaleMode.Font;
            this.CancelButton = this._buttonCancel;
            this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(964, 436);
            this.Controls.Add(this._buttonCancel);
            this.Controls.Add(this._buttonOK);
            this.Controls.Add(this.splitContainer1);
            this.FormBorderStyle = System.Windows.Forms.FormBorderStyle.SizableToolWindow;
            this.Margin = new System.Windows.Forms.Padding(3, 2, 3, 2);
            this.MaximizeBox = false;
            this.MinimizeBox = false;
            this.Name = "DriverCodeSettingForm";
            this.ShowIcon = false;
            this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.CenterParent;
            this.Text = "Driver / Generator Code Setting";
            this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.DriverCodeSettingForm_Load);
            this.splitContainer1.Panel1.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.splitContainer1.Panel2.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.splitContainer1.Panel2.PerformLayout();
            this.splitContainer1.ResumeLayout(false);
            this._tabControlType.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.tabPage1.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.tabPage2.ResumeLayout(false);
            this.ResumeLayout(false);

        }

        #endregion

        private System.Windows.Forms.SplitContainer splitContainer1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TextBox _textBoxPreview;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button _buttonOK;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Button _buttonCancel;
        private DriverCodeDriverControl _driverCodeDriverControl;
        private DriverCodeGeneratorControl _driverCodeGeneratorControl;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TabControl _tabControlType;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TabPage tabPage1;
        private System.Windows.Forms.TabPage tabPage2;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Mark Edward John Plant
Recommend Mark's obituary to your friends
Send Flowers for Mark
Obituary of Mark Edward John Plant
PLANT, Mark - With profound shock and sorrow, we acknowledge the tragic passing of Mark on Sunday, December 18, 2022. Dear husband of Barbara, Mark was the cherished father of Benjamin Jason (Jessica), Jonathan D, Susan (Tyson) and Andrea, (Grant). He was the proud grandfather of Owen and Aidan, Courtney and Jonathan R. Mark shared parents with his brothers Rex (Mary) and Simon (Robyn) and his sisters Sheila (Rob) and Margaret (Robert). He was predeceased his parents Richard and Hazel, and by his son Benjamin Jason.
After 27 years, Mark retired from his process operator duties at Nova Chemicals. Following, he enjoyed the First Friday Breakfasts with his coworkers, many he regarded as close friends.
Before health issues forced him to scale back his obligations, he was an active member of the Wilkesport Fire crew, serving as a Captain. Mark loved us. He was always ready, willing and able, to help pretty much any one, as well his friends and family, whenever asked, whatever the reason, without hesitation. We are lost without him. He was our Go To man, our Mr. Fixit, our Strong one, our Rock, our First call. As well as dropping everything to help others, Mark enjoyed fishing and cruising North America on his Goldwing motorcycle. But most of all, he was thrilled to visit with his new grandsons. As a result, the year 2022 was one of our happiest ever. We wish to thank the Wilkesport Fire department for their quick response, Lambton EMS for their excellent care, and Steve from the OPP. At Mark's request, cremation has taken place. Donations in Mark's name can be made to the Wilkesport Fire Department, the Heart and Stroke Foundation, or to a charity of your choice.
Please join us in a Celebration of Mark's Life on January 7, 2023 at the Wilkesport Community Center from 12-4 pm.
Arrangements entrusted to the McKenzie & Blundy Funeral Home & Cremation Centre, 519- 344-3131. Messages of condolence & memories may be left at www.mckenzieblundy.com


text:
praise (v.)
c. 1300, preisen, "to express admiration of, commend, adulate, flatter" (someone or something), from Old French preisier, variant of prisier "to praise, value," from Late Latin preciare, earlier pretiare "to price, value, prize," from Latin pretium "reward, prize, value, worth," from PIE *pret-yo-, suffixed form of *pret-, extended form of root *per- (5) "to traffic in, to sell."
Specifically with God as an object from late 14c. Related: Praised; praising. It replaced Old English lof, hreþ.
The earliest sense in English was the classical one, "to assess, set a price or value on" (mid-13c.); also "to prize, hold in high esteem" (late 13c.). Now a verb in most Germanic languages (German preis, Danish pris, etc.), but only in English is it differentiated in form from its doublets price (q.v.) and prize, which represent variants of the French word with the vowel leveled but are closer in sense to the Latin originals.
praise (n.)
"expression of approbation or esteem because of some virtue, performance, or quality," early 14c., from praise (v.). Not common until 16c.; the earlier noun, and the common one through most of the Middle English period, was praising (c. 1200).
Damn with faint praise, assent with civil leer,
And without sneering, teach the rest to sneer;
[Pope, "Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot"]
Entries linking to Praise
*per- (5)
Proto-Indo-European root meaning "to traffic in, to sell," an extended sense from root *per- (1) "forward, through" via the notion of "to hand over" or "distribute."
It forms all or part of: appraise; appreciate; depreciate; interpret; praise; precious; price; pornography.
It is the hypothetical source of/evidence for its existence is provided by: Sanskrit aprata "without recompense, gratuitously;" Greek porne "prostitute," originally "bought, purchased," pernanai "to sell;" Latin pretium "reward, prize, value, worth;" Lithuanian perku "I buy."
price (n.)
c. 1200, pris, "non-monetary value, worth; praise," later "recompense, prize, reward," also "sum or amount of money which a seller asks or obtains for goods in market" (mid-13c.), from Old French pris "price, value, wages, reward," also "honor, fame, praise, prize" (Modern French prix), from Late Latin precium, from Latin pretium "reward, prize, value, worth" (from PIE *pret-yo-, suffixed form of *pret-, extended form of root *per- (5) "to traffic in, to sell").
Praise, price, and prize began to diverge in Old French, with praise emerging in Middle English by early 14c. and prize, with the -z- spelling, evident by late 1500s. Having shed the extra Old French and Middle English senses, price again has the ancient sense of the Latin original. To set (or put) a price on someone, "offer a reward for capture" is from 1766.
praiseworthy
prized
Share Praise
https://www.etymonline.com/word/Praise
Etymology of Praise by etymonline
Harper, D. (n.d.). Etymology of Praise. Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved $(datetime), from https://www.etymonline.com/word/Praise
Harper Douglas, "Etymology of Praise," Online Etymology Dictionary, accessed $(datetime), https://www.etymonline.com/word/Praise.
Harper, Douglas. "Etymology of Praise." Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com/word/Praise. Accessed $(datetimeMla).
D. Harper. "Etymology of Praise." Online Etymology Dictionary. https://www.etymonline.com/word/Praise (accessed $(datetime)).
Definitions of praise
an expression of approval and commendation;
he always appreciated praise for his work
Synonyms: congratulations / kudos / extolment
offering words of homage as an act of worship;
they sang a hymn of praise to God
express approval of;
The parents praised their children for their academic performance
Dictionary entries near praise
pragmaticism
prairie-oyster


text:
Ukon Wacka je sedmé studiové album od finské kapely Korpiklaani. Vyšlo 4. února 2011 u vydavatelství Nuclear Blast.

Seznam skladeb

Obsazení

Kapela
 Jonne Järvelä - zpěv, kytara, mandolína
 Kalle "Cane" Savijärvi - kytara, doprovodný zpěv
 Jarkko Aaltonen - baskytara
 Juho Kauppinen - harmonika, kytary, doprovodný zpěv
 Jaakko "Hittavainen" Lemmetty - akustiská a elektriská viola, jouhikko, irská píšťalka, zobcová flétna, dudy, mandolína, foukací harmonika
 Matti "Matson" Johansson - bicí, doprovodný zpěv

Hosté
 Juha Jyrkäs - zpěv, kantele a texty
 Tuomari Nurmio - zpěv (6. píseň)

Alba z roku 2011
Alba skupiny Korpiklaani
Alba Nuclear Blast Records

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Our little princess farmer awoke crying and screaming this morning. She was distraught as tears streamed down her face, wetting her tangled hair. I struggled to understand what she was saying through the sobs.
She must have had a nightmare, her first nightmare. Stupid Halloween with all its witches and scary pumpkins and ghosts at every store and every house. We'd driven by a yard last week with bloody skeletons and zombies made to look like they were crawling out of graves in the grass. I hadn't thought she'd seen it, but maybe she had.
I sat on the bed and lay her chubby, raspberry-blowing baby brother next to her on the pillow. He rolled towards her sobs and began pulling on her hair (clearly out of concern). I scooped her up and asked her what was wrong.
She took a few deep breaths and looked up at me. Then with desperate, terrified eyes she cried, "Ma took my chickens!".
"Ma took my chickens," she insisted and buried her face in my arms.
"Ma" is my mother. You know, the one who slaved over the beautiful Frozen cake for my little princess's birthday. Who knows how my daughter's subconcious had mixed and mashed chickens and a loving grandma and poultry theft into an early morning nightmare, but it had.
Not having ever had a nightmare before, she thought the dream was real, a memory from an actual event. I tried to comfort her, explaining that the chicken thievery had not actually ocurred.
I picked up her brother from the bed and went to her dresser for some clothes she could wear outside. As I pulled a pair of jeans and a T-shirt from the drawer, I heard the front door open. She had pulled her rubber ladybug boots over her footed Christmas pajamas and was halfway down the front walk towards the barn by the time I caught up with her.
So, before coffee or bathroom breaks or getting dressed, we headed out to the barn.
For late October, it was a warm morning.
As she stretched to open a latch on the gate, her much-loved and supposedly stolen chickens scampered out of the coop to greet her.
Relieved, she set about her chores cheerfully. She fed them and after finding 2 eggs on the coop floor instead of in the nesting boxes, she lectured our largest Buff Orpington on proper egg-laying practice.
And then, eggs in hand, headed back outside to chat with the other ladies.
She picked them little pink flowers to eat and the hens were good sports as she chased them around trying to feed them her finds.
And then we headed back towards the house, chickens racing us through the grass.
"What do you want for breakfast?" I asked her.
Your post is just what I needed to read right now, after a busy day of work and the traffic of the city. You made me lose all the stress as I was walking with you all to the barn and back. Thanks.
Glad it could help you unwind. A walk to the barn often has the same effect on me. Hoping the rest of your evening is peaceful.
I remember when my daughter thought her dreams were real. Such sweetness. Beautiful post.
Annie–I just saw an episode on "Little House on the Prairie" and Laura wondered who would ever be interested in her thoughts on the little house in the big woods…look how interesting her books and movie have been for all generations….just food for thought!!!!
LOVE. "The Princess Farmer" should be turned into a children's book…no, seriously!


Wow! The crowd really packed the Lower Harbor!
Marquette, MI – September 4th, 2015 – Blues Fest packed Mattson Lower Harbor tonight! Honor Credit Union and the Ore Dock brought this amazing night of live music, good drinks and good friends to Marquette. Honor Credit Union even brought some free swag to the event!
To kick the night off, Walt Lindala – a Marquette Blues Society member and one of Great Lakes Radio's very own – introduced the first band. The Rockin' Johnny Band took the stage for some good, rockin' blues tunes.
While the Rockin' Jonny Band was filling the park with music, Yoopers lined up underneath the beer tent where a team from Honor Credit Union was handing out some great brews and drinks.
Also at Blues Fest, Marquette's best food trucks like Rollin' Smoke Barbecue and Senores kept food on the tables. Biolife even brought a Fender acoustic guitar to give away at the event!
No one wanted the Rockin' Jonny Band's set to end, but we had more great music lined up for the night! While the Rockin' Jonny Band moved their instruments off the stage, Honor Credit Union hopped up with boxes full of FREE STUFF! Immediately, the crows was on it's feet. People waved their hands and jumped up and down to catch the t-shirts that the Honor team was giving away.
Once the last t-shirt had been thrown into the audience, Ross Kleiner & the Thrill took the stage to close out the night. Their fresh mix of classic instruments and a modern sound packed the dance floor immediately.
Did you miss the music, food, drinks, and giveaways at Blues Fest tonight? Well, the Marquette Area Blues Society's Blues Fest will be running all weekend! Make sure to stop in and tell us your favorite part of the festival in the comment section below!
The Rockin' Johnny Band took the stage to kick off Blues Fest.
Honor Credit Union sponsored this free music night.
The Honor team served drinks all night long.
This blues harmonica pro traveled all the way from Minnesota to play in Marquette.
BioLife Plasma Services gave away a guitar.
The hard working sound crew kept the musicians sounding great all night!
Ron Lauren from Honor Credit Union pitched in to help keep cups full.
The crowd loved the music.
BioLife Plasma Service registered the attendees to win a guitar.
The Rockin' Johnny Band filled the park with danceable blues music.
The bassist from the Rockin' Johnny Band jammed out on stage.
The Blues Fest beer tent was the perfect stop for a cool drink and a smile from the Honor team.
People from across the U.P. brought lawn chairs down for the show.
The dance floor filled up.
Walt Lindala took the stage once the Rockin Johnny Band finished to announce some special guests.
Honor Credit Union brought FREE STUFF to give away at Blues Fest!
These lucky attendees got some free Honor swag.
Hands waved trying to catch the t-shirts from honor.
Walt Lindala took the stage to introduce the final band.
Catch more great music at the Mattson Lower Harbor all weekend.


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Under the Department of Education Regulations, the only acceptable reasons for absence from school are illness and medical appointments that cannot be made out of school hours, or approved withdrawal classes, such as, PEAC and Music Tuition.
The Department of Education Regulations require a WRITTEN EXPLANATION OF ANY ABSENCE, EVEN IF VERBAL (INCLUDING TELEPHONE) ADVICE HAS BEEN GIVEN.
The North Morley Primary School Phone Application has provision for an Absentee Notification, which is emailled to the School.


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text:
Q: Finding the average value from polygon areas in a fishnet cell I am looking to assign depth values to each fishnet grid cell that I have by taking the area-weighted average of values from a contour/isopach map.
The map was interpolating using the depths of individual wells using the Geostatistical Analysis tool Inverse Distance Weighting.
Attached see a picture of my example along with the attribute table.

At first I thought that Zonal Statistics as Table tool would be perfect but it would require me to convert to raster first (or even change the output of the IDW tool) but I have read that the conversion to raster is a poor choice (Does IDW interpolation in ArcGIS Geostatistical analyst work as exact interpolation method?). Is there a better method?

A: Unless i missunderstand you this should work:

*

*Intersect Fishnet and contours

*Calculate a column of area-weighted values (value*shapearea)

*Dissolve by fishnet ID and sum the area-weighted values

*Calculate total averages by Dividing with shape areas

You can do this manually, with ModelBuilder or using the Python window and code below (change the four lines as indicated):
import arcpy
arcpy.env.overwriteOutput=1

fishnet = r'C:\Default.gdb\fishnet_4km' #Change to match your data
contours = r'C:\Default.gdb\contour' #Change to match your data
valuecolumn = 'AvgValue' #Change to match your data
outfc = r'C:\Default.gdb\fishnet_with_averages' #Change to match your data

#Intersect fishnet and contours
tempfc=r'in_memory\intersect'
arcpy.Intersect_analysis(in_features=[fishnet,contours], out_feature_class=tempfc)

#Calculate areaweighted values per intersection
arcpy.AddField_management(in_table=tempfc, field_name='AvgArea', field_type='DOUBLE')
with arcpy.da.UpdateCursor(tempfc,['AvgArea',valuecolumn,'SHAPE@AREA']) as cursor:
    for row in cursor:
        row[0]=row[1]*row[2]
        cursor.updateRow(row)

#Dissolve by fishnet ID and calculate sum of areasums
fishnetID = '{0}{1}'.format('FID_',arcpy.Describe(fishnet).name)
arcpy.Dissolve_management(in_features=tempfc, out_feature_class=outfc,
                         dissolve_field=fishnetID,
                         statistics_fields=[['AvgArea','SUM']])
arcpy.AddField_management(in_table=outfc, field_name='Areaweighted_average', field_type='DOUBLE')

#Calculate areaweighted average
with arcpy.da.UpdateCursor(outfc,['Areaweighted_average','SUM_AvgArea','SHAPE@AREA']) as cursor:
    for row in cursor:
        row[0]=row[1]/row[2]
        cursor.updateRow(row)

Inputs:

Output:

A: The tool you need is Tabulate Intersection. You'll need to use a pivot table to transform the outputs to have one record per cell, and then join these results back to your fishnet feature class. The process is documented on the link above.
This can use a lot of memory, so make sure your files are local. A simple way to make it easier on your machine would be to split up the fishnet, and run it as a batch process. For more discussion and alternative python/R scripts see here

A: If I understand well, you should use the raster output of your spatial interpolation and zonal statistics if you want the most precise output. Don't be afraid with the discussion about exactness in Does IDW interpolation in ArcGIS Geostatistical analyst work as exact interpolation method? .
Statistically speaking, an exact interpolator is an interpolator where the interpolated value at the location of an input point is exactly the same as the value of this point. The answer then says that you are rarely exactly at the same location when you have pixels, therefore you will not have exactly the same value for a pixel and the "known" point that is inside this pixel (except in the center).
However, the continuous surface that is interpolated is always measured at the center of each pixel, which are then "exact" with respect to the interpolator. Pixels are therefore a good way to discretize an interpolated surface, and far more precise than polygons in your particular case (the hexagon is probably a circle that is simplified with 6 segments).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Police charged our client with an aggravated burglary. They attended a family home where a Family Violence Safety Notice was in place.
The client had been involved in a verbal dispute with a family member on the premises. Police then decided to issue a Family Violence Safety Notice on the client, as per the Family Violence Protection Act 2008.
Once released on the Family Violence Safety Notice, however, our client did not have any clothes, wallet, keys or phone. They also did not understand the consequences of returning to the family home. The client returned to the home and began collecting belongings. The client and a family member then got involved in a further verbal argument.
The police attended the address again and arrested our client. They charged them with Aggravated Burglary Intention to Assault and a breach of the Family Violence Safety Notice. They took our client into custody, and they could not provide an appropriate bail address.
Slades & Parsons solicitor Ms Dubroja secured a residential rehabilitation facility place on behalf of our client. The court granted bail at a further hearing.
Careful consideration of the evidence supported Ms Dubroja's view that the charge of aggravated burglary could not stand. That is, the client did not trespass or intention to assault when they entered the premises. However, the prosecution rejected this, and proceeded with the charge.
At the committal hearing, cross-examination of prosecution witnesses supported the view of Ms Dubroja that the charges could not stand. The Magistrate agreed with Ms Dubroja and dismissed the charge of aggravated burglary.
Family violence is a highly complex area of criminal law. Interactions between family members may result in many different criminal charges. Slades & Parsons Lawyers are highly experienced in representing clients in matters involving family violence and related charges. We regularly represent clients facing charges arising out of family disputes. Careful analysis of a client's situation and of the prosecution case are essential to the expert services that we provide.
Our lawyers are happy to discuss any questions you may have regarding family violence or associated charges.


Soho House has scored $117 million in debt to refinance Soho Beach House, its Miami flagship hotel at 4385 Collins Avenue, sources told Commercial Observer. Citigroup provided a $55 million senior loan in the deal, while Rexmark provided the $62 million mezzanine loan.
Extell Development Company has secured $265 million in debt to refinance its InterContinental Boston hotel at 500 Atlantic Avenue in the Financial District section of the city from Natixis, Rexmark and South Korean fund manager KTB Asset Management.
U.S. real estate firm Ashkenazy Acquisition Corp has closed on a new £55,000,000 mezzanine loan to refinance a portion of the debt on the Grosvenor House Hotel in London, a luxury 5-star hotel located in London's Mayfair District.
South Korean fund manager KTB Asset Management and Midtown-based investor Rexmark provided the loan, which is the latest in a flurry of debt deals by Korean investors.


text:
D'une superficie de , le lac Dubawnt  est situé à  d'altitude, dans la partie sud du Nunavut continental, à 350 km au sud du cercle arctique. Le lac est caractérisé par un littoral découpé et de nombreuses îles. Ses eaux se déversent en direction nord par la rivière Dubawnt dans le lac Aberdeen avant de rejoindre la Baie d'Hudson par la rivière Thelon.

Ses eaux foisonnent de touladis (truites grises du Canada), de grands corégones, de ménominis ronds et d'ombles de l'Arctique.

La végétation environnante se limite à la toundra du bas Arctique, composée de bruyères et de lichens, même si on trouve quelques bosquets d'épinettes à l'extrémité sud du lac. Le lac se situe sur la route migratoire du troupeau de caribous de Kaminuriak qui compte environ  bêtes. On trouve des bœufs musqués dans cette région, notamment à l'ouest, à l'intérieur de la réserve faunique de Thelon. Les principaux prédateurs sont les loups, les renards et les grizzlis.

Le lac fut découvert en 1770 Par Samuel Hearne mais fut décrit seulement en 1863 lors de l'exploration de J.B.Tyrrell.

Liens externes

Encyclopédie canadienne : Lac Dubawnt

Dubawnt


text:
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James Bond, code name 007, is a fictional character created in 1953 by writer Ian Fleming, who featured him in twelve novels and two short story collections. The fictional British Secret Service agent has also been adapted for television, radio, comic strip and video game formats as well as being used in the longest continually running and the second-highest grossing film franchise to date, which started in 1962 with Dr. No, starring Sean Connery as Bond. As of 2012, there have been twenty three films in the Eon Productions series. More piano sheets by James Bond 007
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text:
Q: Closing the current window and opening a new one, have to be done in actionPerformed() method? I am making a server/client chat system with sockets and I am using MVC to separate my concerns. I am used to Web MVC where I can easily redirect the user when I want to go to a different page but I am not used to this in Java.
The scenario is the user puts in some data, clicks a button, the action listener in the controller gets triggered and I get the data I need from the view and now I want to close the current window and open a new one, is the correct way to do this within the actionPerformed(ActionEvent evt) method? or is there a better way? It just feels wrong to me for some reason.
Thanks.


text:
\section{
\subsection{Introduction}
A considerable effort is being made now to construct
a new approach to the heavy-quark physics.
The basic idea \ci{Vol,Isg} is to use the fact that
the masses of the heavy quarks
$c$ and $b$ are essentially larger than the QCD scale $\Lambda$,
and to start (when appropriate) with an effective
field theory \ci{Vol,Isg}, in which the heavy quark masses
are infinite: $m_Q \to \infty$.

In the infinite mass limit,
the components of the heavy quark momentum $p_{\mu}$
tend to infinity together with the quark mass: $p \sim m_Q$,
the ratio $p_{\mu}/m_Q$ approaching a fixed value $v_{\mu}$.
The 4-velocity
$v_{\mu}  = (1/\sqrt{1-{\bf v}^2}, {\bf v}/\sqrt{1-{\bf v}^2})$
just specifies the direction in which the
infinitely heavy quark is moving,
and
the heavy quark effective theory (HQET) \ci{Eich,Georgi}
has a peculiar property
that each effective quark field $h_v(x)$ is
characterized by a 4-velocity vector $v_{\mu}$.

The electroweak interactions can change the
velocity of the heavy quark $v_1 \to v_2$ and,
as noted by Isgur and Wise \ci{Isg},
it is the 4-velocity change rather
than the momentum transfer that is an important
dynamic variable for the heavy meson form factors,
both for elastic (like $\gamma^* D \to D$ and $\gamma^* B \to B$)
and for weak ($B \to De\nu$-type)  transition form factors.
In other words, the QCD currents $\bar Q_2 \Gamma Q_1$
are substituted
in the HQET by the effective
currents $\bar h_{v_2} \Gamma h_{v_1}$
containing fields
related to the two velocities $v_1$ and $v_2$.

An important observation made in \ci{Uni}
is that the effective currents $\bar h_{v_2} \Gamma h_{v_1}$
have a universal (the same for all $\Gamma$-matrices) velocity-dependent
anomalous dimension $\gamma_w(\alpha_\sigma)$.
The velocity change is characterized
by the scalar product
$w \equiv (v_1 v_2)$ or,
since the velocity vectors have a unit ``length'', $v_1^2=v_2^2=1$,
by the angle $\vartheta$ between them:
$w  = \cosh\,\vartheta$.

As a matter of fact, the authors of \ci{Uni} are not the
first who encountered an angle-dependent anomalous dimension
in their calculation. Similar things happened before in
two other and,  at first sight,
entirely different branches of quantum field theory.

First, more than 10 years ago, Polyakov \ci{Pol},
trying to reformulate the dynamics of gauge fields
in terms of string operators, has observed
that the vacuum average of a Wilson loop
having a cusp, possesses extra ultraviolet
divergences. These specific divergences, ``generated''
by the cusp, are multiplicatively renormalized \ci{peo}, and the
relevant anomalous dimension
$\Gamma_{cusp}(\vartheta, \alpha_\sigma)$
depends on the cusp angle $\vartheta$.

The second example is related to the
infrared (IR) behaviour of perturbative QCD
which is known to be controlled
by the subprocesses involving soft gluons.
Since the soft gluons cannot change the momenta $p_i$
of the incoming and outgoing particles,
one faces here a situation completely
similar to that in the heavy-quark limit: the
particles are just moving in fixed directions
(specified by $p_i$) through the gluonic cloud.
The study of the IR behavior of perturbative QCD
has not a purely academic interest:
even if the IR singularities cancel,
there remain finite IR-induced contributions.
In our papers \ci{IR,IR1}, we
developed an approach that enables one to
study these
contributions
using a renormalization group equation.
The relevant anomalous dimensions
$\Gamma_{IR}(\vartheta_{ij},\alpha_\sigma)$ depend just
on the angles $\vartheta_{ij}$ between the relevant
momenta:
$\cosh\,\vartheta_{ij} =$ $(p_i p_j )/ \sqrt{p_i^2p_j^2}.$

The IR-induced terms
are especially important for high momentum
transfer processes, when
$Q_{ij}^2\equiv -(p_i-p_j)^2 \gg p_i^2 \sim p_j^2 \equiv p^2$,
{\em i.e.,} when some angles $\vartheta_{ij}$ are large.
We established that, in this  limit,
the anomalous dimension $\Gamma_{IR}(\vartheta_{ij},\alpha_\sigma)$,
to all orders in $\alpha_\sigma$,
is linear in $\vartheta_{ij}$ or, what is the same, in
$\log(Q_{ij}^2/p^2)$:
\begin{equation}
\Gamma_{IR}(\vartheta_{ij},\alpha_\sigma)=
K(\alpha_\sigma) \log(Q_{ij}^2/p^2) +A(\alpha_\sigma).
\lab{gammaIR}
\end{equation}
The function $K(\alpha_\sigma)$ plays an important role in
the IR-induced and the double logarithmic contributions
\footnote{A
          function equivalent to $K(\alpha_\sigma)$ is the basic object
          in another RG-type approach to the double-logarithmic
          effects developed by Collins \ci{Col}}
to different hard processes:
the same combination
\begin{equation}
K(\alpha_\sigma)=\frac{\alpha_\sigma}{\pi}C_F +
            \left(\frac{\alpha_\sigma}{\pi}\right)^2
            C_F\left(C_A\left(\frac{67}{36}-\frac{\pi^2}{12}\right)
            -N_f\frac{5}{18}\right)
\label{kalpha}
\end{equation}
(where $C_F=4/3$ and $C_A=3$ are
quark and gluon color factors
and $N_f=3$ is the number of light quark flavours)
governs the $x \to 1$ asymptotics of the deep inelastic structure
functions \ci{IR1} and the large  perturbative corrections to the
Drell-Yan cross section
\ci{D-Y} and the
$e^+e^--$annihilation \ci{x->1} .

One might ask: are all these anomalous dimensions independent
or there exists a
connection between all of them?
It is our goal in the present paper to study the
interrelation between the
infrared behaviour of perturbative QCD and the
renormalization properties
both of the Wilson loops (lines)  and of the effective
heavy quark currents in the HQET,
to demonstrate that the apparently unrelated functions,
each playing a fundamental role in its field,
are precisely identical and correspond to the
QCD analogue of the bremsstrahlung function known
from the early QED years.

\subsection{Infrared singularities and the heavy quark limit}
A simple but essential fact is
that there are no velocity-
or angle-dependent ultraviolet divergences in any standard
QCD diagram. This means that the
HQET
has extra UV divergences:
the heavy quark limit $m_Q \to \infty$ is singular.
In particular, a logarithmic divergence in the HQET may result from
a $\log(m_Q/\lambda)$-contribution in QCD, with
$\lambda$ remaining finite in the heavy quark limit.
However, since all the momenta $p_{\mu}$ scale as $m_Q$
in this limit:  $p_{\mu} \to m_Qv_{\mu}$,
the only combination that might be much smaller than
$m_Q^2$ is $(p^2-m_Q^2)$,  the heavy quark off-shellness,
and the singularity may result only from a
term like $\log(m_Q^2/(p^2-m_Q^2))$.
Such a term is a standard infrared logarithm, with
$(p^2-m_Q^2)$ serving as an infrared cut-off.
This indicates that the velocity-dependent divergences should be
closely related to the IR behaviour of perturbative QCD.
Indeed, studying
the hadrons containing a
single heavy quark,
one is interested in the kinematic situation when the
heavy quark energy differs from its mass by some finite amount
$E$, which has a meaning of the average energy of the light quark(s),
binding energy, {\em etc.}
Thus, the virtuality of the heavy quark $(p^2-m_Q^2) \approx 2m_QE$
is much smaller than its mass squared:
$$
\Delta= \frac{p^2-m_Q^2}{m_Q^2} \, \ll \, 1 .
$$
In the heavy quark limit, $m_Q \to \infty$,
the parameter $\Delta$ tends to zero  and,
in this sense, the heavy quark is almost on-shell.

It is well-known that,
in gauge theories,
the on-shell form factors
have infrared (IR) singularities.
The classic example is the
elastic electron on-shell ($p_1^2=p_2^2=m^2$) form factor in QED.
At the one-loop level one has, for the Dirac form factor
$$
F(Q^2,m^2) = 1- \frac{\alpha}{2\pi}
\log\left(\frac{m^2}{\lambda^2}\right)
   B\left(\frac{Q^2}{m^2}\right) +
(IR \ regular \ terms) \  ,
$$
where $Q^2=-(p_1-p_2)^2$ is the transferred momentum,
$\lambda$ is the (fictitious) photon mass
serving as  the IR cut-off parameter and
$B\left(\frac{Q^2}{m^2}\right)$ is the
bremsstrahlung function
\begin{equation}
B\left(\frac{Q^2}{m^2}\right)=
\frac{1+\frac{2m^2}{Q^2}}{\sqrt{1+\frac{4m^2}{Q^2}}}
\log \left (\frac{\sqrt{1+\frac{4m^2}{Q^2}}+1}
{\sqrt{1+\frac{4m^2}{Q^2}}-1} \right ) -1 \ .
\lab{brems}
\end{equation}
Since $\lambda^2$ is treated as a scale much smaller than $m^2$,
we have the same kinematic situation as in the heavy quark limit.

The IR logarithms in QED are known to exponentiate when summed
over all orders \ci{Fra}
\begin{equation}
F(Q^2,m^2) =
\exp\left\{-\frac{\alpha}{2\pi}\log\left(\frac{m^2}{\lambda^2}\right )
B\left(\frac{Q^2}{m^2}\right)\right\}
\times (IR \ regular \ terms ).
\label{eq:dirac}
\end{equation}
In this expression, one
can easily factorize the ``long distance''
contribution
$
\left (\mu^2/\lambda^2 \right )^{-\frac{\alpha}{2\pi}B}
$
absorbing all the IR divergences,
and the ``short-distance'' factor
$
\left (m^2/\mu^2 \right )^{-\frac{\alpha}{2\pi}B}.
$
As a result,  one can rewrite
eq.\re{eq:dirac} as
\begin{equation}
F(Q^2,m^2) =
\left (\frac{\mu^2}{\lambda^2} \right )^{-\frac{\alpha}{2\pi}B}
\, C\left (\frac{m^2}{\mu^2},\frac{Q^2}{m^2}\right )
\label{eq:mudirac}
\end{equation}
where the IR regular factor
$C(\frac{m^2}{\mu^2},\frac{Q^2}{m^2})$
now has an explicit dependence on the
IR factorization scale $\mu$.

The derivation of this factorized
representation has a striking resemblance to the standard
factorization procedure for the collinear
mass singularities applied to deep inelastic scattering
(in the form of the operator product expansion, OPE) and
to other hard processes.
Using it, one can factorize the original function, {\em e.g.,}
$W_n(Q^2, p^2)$,
the  $n$-th moment of the deep inelastic structure function,
into the short-distance coefficient function
$C_n(Q^2/\mu^2)$
and the long-distance sensitive matrix element
$f_n(\mu^2/p^2)$ absorbing all the collinear logarithms
$\log\,p^2$ singular in the $p^2 \to 0$ limit:
$$W_n(Q^2, p^2) = f_n(\mu^2/p^2)\, C_n(Q^2/\mu^2).$$

The factorization
scale $\mu$ separates the high- and low-momentum regions:
the essential momenta $k$ are $k>\mu$ for the
$C$-function and $k<\mu$ for the $f$-function.
An important
fact
is that the matrix elements of the
local composite twist-2 operators $O_n$, producing $f_n$, possess
extra UV divergences absent in the original theory (QCD).
Of course, the factorization procedure automatically imposes
the  UV cut-off $k<\mu$, and there are no actual infinities.
But now one can make use of the fact that the $\mu$-dependence
of the $f_n$-function is just the dependence on the UV cut-off
parameter and incorporate the renormalization group to study it.
That is how the $n$-dependent anomalous dimensions
$\gamma_n(\alpha_\sigma)$
of the composite operators $O_n$ and/or $z$-dependent
anomalous dimensions (evolution kernels) $P(z,g)$ of the
parton distribution functions $f(x, \mu^2)$ come into play.

The analogy between
the factorization properties of the QED formula \re{eq:mudirac}
and the OPE-type factorization has a very deep reason \ci{IR}:
in QCD (and in any similar gauge theory)
one can factorize out
the IR-singular terms of the on-shell quark form factor
$$
F(Q^2,m^2)= F_{IR}\times(IR\ regular\ terms).
$$
The IR-sensitive factor $F_{IR}$ accumulates all the effects due
to interactions of the massive particle (heavy quark, if one studies
the heavy quark limit) with soft quanta -
gluons and massless quarks. The explicit expression
for $F_{IR}$ is given by the vacuum average
of the Wilson line operator $W(C)$
\begin{equation}
F_{IR}=\langle 0| {\cal T}
\exp\left(ig\int_0^{+\infty} dt\,v_2^\mu A_\mu(v_2t)\right)
\exp\left(ig\int_{-\infty}^0 dt\,v_1^\mu A_\mu(v_1t)\right)
|0\rangle
\equiv \langle 0| W(C) |0\rangle
\lab{IRfactor}
\end{equation}
calculated along the classic path $C$ of the massive (``heavy'')  particle.
It goes from $-\infty$ along the direction of the initial
momentum $p_1=mv_1$ to the interaction point $0$ and then along
the direction of the final momentum $p_2=mv_2$ to $+\infty$.
The soft gluons coupling directly to the heavy particle are
described
by the gauge potentials $A_{\mu}(x)$.

To summarize,
in this limit (one can
treat it either as the IR limit $\lambda \to 0$ or
as the heavy quark limit $m \to \infty$),
all the effects due to interactions
of the massive particle with the gluons
can be described by a Wilson line.
This result has a natural interpretation:
the wave function of a very massive
particle propagating through the gluonic cloud
acquires only a phase factor
equal to the Wilson line.
All other effects are
suppressed by powers of $\lambda/m$.
In particular, they cannot
produce contributions singular in the
IR limit $\lambda \to 0 $.

Just like in the OPE case, the factorization
scale $\mu$ works as an
ultraviolet cut-off for $F_{IR}$, since only small momenta $k<\mu$
contribute to it. And such a cut-off is really necessary because, as
established by Polyakov \ci{Pol},
any Wilson loop with a cusp has extra UV divergences.

\subsection{Wilson lines and the heavy quark effective field theory}
The properties of the Wilson lines and loops
where studied in detail at the beginning of the 80's.
A very important result \ci{Ger} is that one
can interpret the  vacuum average of a
Wilson line $W(C)$ as the propagator
of one-dimensional fermions ``living'' on the integration
path $C$:
\begin{equation}
\mbox{Tr\,} W(C)= \langle \psi_a(+\infty) \bar{\psi}_a(-\infty) \rangle
\equiv \int {\cal D}\bar{\psi}(t){\cal D}\psi(t)\
\psi_a(+\infty) \bar{\psi}_a(-\infty) \exp(-iS)
\lab{1-dim}
\end{equation}
where the action $S,$ in our case, is defined by
\begin{equation}
S=i\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}dt\,
\bar{\psi}(t)\frac{\partial}{\partial t}\psi(t)
-g\int_{-\infty}^0dt\,\bar{\psi}(t)v_1^\mu A_\mu(v_1t)\psi(t)
-g\int_0^{+\infty}dt\,\bar{\psi}(t)v_2^\mu A_\mu(v_2t)\psi(t).
\lab{action}
\end{equation}
It is easy to show that the one-dimensional fermions defined
in this way exactly coincide with the
effective  heavy quark field of the HQET:
\begin{equation}
\langle 0|h_{v_1}(v_1t)|h,v_1\rangle
=\langle \psi(t) \bar{\psi}(-\infty)\rangle
={\cal T}\exp\left(ig\int_{-\infty}^t d\sigma\,
 v_1^\mu A_\mu(v_1\sigma)\right),
\quad t < 0
\lab{equiv1}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\langle h,v_2|\bar{h}_{v_2}(v_2t)|0\rangle
=\langle \psi(+\infty)\bar{\psi}(t)\rangle
={\cal T}\exp\left(ig\int_t^{+\infty} d\sigma\,
 v_2^\mu A_\mu(v_2\sigma)\right),
\quad t > 0 \ .
\lab{equiv2}
\end{equation}
The representation \re{1-dim} is very convenient to
analyze the general renormalization properties of
the Wilson lines. In particular, it was found \ci{peo,Ger}
that for a smooth integration
path all the UV divergences can be compensated by
a renormalization of fields and vertices.

The Wilson lines in the r.h.s. of eqs.\re{equiv1} and \re{equiv2}
are not closed, and their end-points
produce extra UV divergences. They can be
multiplicatively renormalized, and the relevant
anomalous dimension $\gamma_{end}(\alpha_\sigma)$
was calculated, in the Feynman gauge, to one loop
in \ci{peo,Ger} and to two loops in \ci{Kna}
$$
\gamma_{end}(\alpha_\sigma) = -\frac{\alpha_\sigma}{\pi}C_F
 -\left(\frac{\alpha_\sigma}{\pi}\right)^2 C_F
  \left(\frac{19}{12}C_A - \frac{1}{3}N_f \right) .
$$
{}From the relations \re{equiv1} and \re{equiv2} it follows
that $\gamma_{end}(\alpha_\sigma)$ coincides with the anomalous dimension of
the effective quark field in the HQET and with that
of the one-dimensional
fermions in the theory defined by \re{action}.
The HQET calculation was performed in \ci{Gro}.

As mentioned earlier, each cusp of the integration path
also generates extra
UV divergences governed by
the  anomalous dimension $\Gamma_{cusp}$ that depends on the
cusp angle $\vartheta$.
In the theory of one-dimensional fermions \re{action} one obtains
$\Gamma_{cusp}$ as the anomalous dimension of the composite
operator $\bar{\psi}(+0)\psi(-0).$
Using the relations \re{equiv1} and \re{equiv2} one can identify
this operator with a heavy quark current
$\bar h_{v_2}(0) h_{v_1}(0)$.
Thus, the anomalous dimension of the heavy quark
current in the HQET coincides
with the cusp anomalous dimension of the relevant Wilson line
\begin{equation}
\Gamma_{cusp}(\vartheta, \alpha_\sigma ) = \gamma_w(\alpha_\sigma) ,
\lab{eqHQET}
\end{equation}
provided, of course, that $w= \cosh \, \vartheta.$

In general, it is a difficult problem to calculate Wilson loops,
even in perturbation theory.
However, it is possible to evaluate $\langle 0|W(C)|0\rangle=F_{IR}$
using the explicit form of the contour $C$ defined by eq.\re{IRfactor}.
The path $C$ has an infinite length and, as a consequence,
$\langle 0|W(C)|0\rangle$ has infrared divergences.
Moreover, $\langle 0|W(C)|0\rangle$ depends on the directions of the
rays forming
$C$. Note now that the directions defining the line $C$
are specified by the dimensionless
ratios $v_1^{\mu}= p_1^{\mu}/m$ and $v_2^{\mu}= p_2^{\mu}/m$ .
Hence, the
dimensionful parameters that explicitly appear in the
vacuum average \re{IRfactor} are the IR cut-off $\lambda$ and
the factorization scale $\mu$, the latter, as emphasized earlier,
working as an ultraviolet cut-off
for the new divergences generated by the cusp
of the path $C$ at the point $0$.
This means that the UV scale $\mu$ and
the IR scale $\lambda$ should
basically
appear in the ratio.
There is also the ordinary renormalization
scale $\mu_R$ fixing the definition of the
running coupling constant $g(\mu_R)$:
$$
F_{IR} =  F_{IR} \left ( \frac{\mu}{\lambda}, \
 \frac{\mu}{\mu_R}, \ (v_1v_2), \  g(\mu_R) \right ) =
F_{IR} \left ( \frac{\mu}{\lambda}, \
 \frac{\mu}{\mu_R}, \ \frac{(p_1p_2)}{m^2}, \  g(\mu_R) \right ).
$$
After taking $\mu=\mu_R,$ the IR factor $F_{IR}$, being equal
to the vacuum average of a Wilson loop, obeys, in general, the RG
equation
$$
\left (\mu\frac{\partial}{\partial\mu}
    +\beta(g)\frac{\partial}{\partial g}
+ \Gamma_{IR}\left(\frac{(p_1p_2)}{m^2}, g\right) \right )
F_{IR} \left(\frac{\mu}{\lambda},1,
\frac{(p_1p_2)}{m^2}, \, g\right) = 0 \, ,
$$
where the anomalous dimension $\Gamma_{IR}$ controls the IR induced
logarithms $\log(\mu/\lambda).$ Since the path $C$ has a cusp, one
identifies $\Gamma_{IR}$ with the cusp anomalous dimension:
\begin{equation}
\Gamma_{IR}\left(\frac{(p_1p_2)}{m^2}, \alpha_\sigma\right)=
\Gamma_{cusp}(\vartheta,\alpha_\sigma).
\label{eqircusp}
\end{equation}

Furthermore, since the IR singularities of $F_{IR}$
coincide with those of the original amplitude ({\em
e.g.,}
with those present in the
on-shell form factor),
the cusp anomalous dimension $\Gamma_{cusp}(\vartheta,\alpha_\sigma)$
must reproduce the bremsstrahlung function \re{brems}:
\begin{equation}
\Gamma_{cusp}(\vartheta,\alpha_\sigma)=\frac{\alpha_\sigma}{\pi}C_F
B\left(\frac{Q^2}{m^2}\right) +{\cal O}(\alpha_\sigma^2)
\lab{eqIR}
\end{equation}
The one-loop result for the cusp anomalous dimension
can be taken from
the pioneering paper by Polyakov \ci{Pol}, where it was
calculated in the Euclidean space.
In Minkowski case, one should change $\vartheta \to i\vartheta$
to get
$$
\Gamma_{cusp}^{1-loop}(\vartheta,\alpha_\sigma)
=\frac{\alpha_\sigma}{\pi}C_F(\vartheta \coth \vartheta-1) .
$$
To check the
equivalence relation \re{eqIR}, one should
just
use
that $Q^2 =2m^2(\cosh \,\vartheta-1).$
Taking the 1-loop expression for $\gamma_w(\alpha_\sigma)$ from \ci{Uni},
\begin{equation}
\gamma_{w}(\alpha_\sigma) = \frac{\alpha_\sigma}{\pi}C_F
\left(\frac{w}{\sqrt{w^2-1}}\log(w+\sqrt{w^2-1})-1\right)
\label{gammaw1loop}
\end{equation}
one can also verify, at the one-loop level,
the relation \re{eqHQET}.

The equivalence relations \re{eqHQET} and \re{eqIR} manifest
a close connection between the HQET and the
theory of Wilson lines.
The cusp anomalous dimension appears here as a new
universal function  controlling the IR-induced
properties of perturbative QCD.
All the specifics of the process under study is
contained in the dependence of $\Gamma_{cusp}(\vartheta, \alpha_\sigma)$
on the cusp angle $\vartheta$ determined entirely by the
kinematics of the process.

\subsection{Non-abelian exponentiation theorem}
Using effective fields, the
one-dimensional fermions or the effective heavy-quark fields,
one can essentially simplify a general study of the
renormalization properties of the Wilson lines.
However, working within  the effective field theory approach,
one can easily miss some properties
of the relevant anomalous dimensions which are evident if  one treats
them in the context of the Wilson line formalism.

For example, in QED,
it is possible to get an exact expression
for $\Gamma_{cusp}(\vartheta,\alpha)$. The reason is that,
in an abelian gauge theory without massless fermions
(electrons in QED are treated as massive particles!),
the  vacuum average of
a Wilson exponential is an exponential of the vacuum average
corresponding to the photon propagator:
$$
\langle 0| {\cal T} \exp\left(ig\int_{C} dz^{\mu}
\, A_\mu(z)\right) |0\rangle =
\exp\left(\frac{(ig)^2}{2}\int_{C}dz_1^{\mu}\,\int_{C}dz_2^{\nu}
\langle 0| {\cal T} A_\mu(z_1) A_\nu(z_2) |0\rangle \right) .
$$
As a result, the cusp anomalous dimension
in QED is completely determined
by the first loop:
$$
\Gamma_{cusp}^{QED}(\vartheta,\alpha)=\frac{\alpha}{\pi}
    B\left(\frac{Q^2}{m^2}\right).
$$
There are no higher order corrections. From the IR side,
this property is well-known: all the IR singularities
are given in QED by the exponential of the one-loop result \ci{Fra}.

In QCD, the  situation is more complicated.
First, there are light quarks $u,d$
and $s$ which can be treated as
massless at a typical hadronic scale
$\sim 1\,GeV$.
Second, the gluons
are described by non-abelian gauge fields.
Nevertheless, it is possible to prove a
non-abelian exponentiation theorem \ci{Gat}:
the vacuum average of a Wilson line operator
in QCD is an exponential of
some expression, to which, of course, not
only the first loop contributes.
Still, the property observed in QED is partially preserved:
the higher-order corrections to $\Gamma_{cusp}(\vartheta,\alpha_\sigma)$ do
not repeat information contained in the one-loop result
or, in general, in
all the
previous loops: calculating
$\Gamma_{cusp}(\vartheta,\alpha_\sigma)$,  it is sufficient
to consider only the diagrams which do not contain
the lower-order ones as subgraphs, {\em i.e.,}
the essential diagrams are two-particle irreducible
in the current channel.
As a result, the higher-order contributions, in the gluonic sector, are
essentially non-abelian.
In particular, the second-loop term should not
contain terms proportional to $C_F^2$, the square of the one-loop
color weight $C_F$. All such terms, present on diagram-by-diagram
level, should eventually cancel, and only the terms proportional
to the essentially non-abelian color weight $C_FC_A$ might remain.
This observation can be used to check the results %
of the higher-order calculations for the relevant %
anomalous dimensions. %

The two-loop contribution to $\Gamma_{cusp}$ in
pure gluodynamics (QCD without massless quarks) was calculated
in our paper \ci{cusp}.%
\footnote{Independently, a similar calculation
          was performed by Knauss and Scharnhorst \ci{Kna}.
          They failed, however, to get rid of all double integrations
          in their result.}
The massless quark contribution can
be also added \ci{IR1} and the total result is
\newcommand\V{\vartheta}
\newcommand\G{\psi}
\begin{eqnarray}
\Gamma_{cusp}^{2-loop}(\V,\alpha_\sigma)&=&
\left(\frac{\alpha_\sigma}{\pi}\right)^2C_F
\left[-N_f\,\frac5{18}(\V\coth\V-1)
+C_A\left(\frac12+\left(\frac{67}{36}-\frac{\pi^2}{24}\right)(\V\coth\V-1)
\right.\right.  \nonumber
\\
&-&\coth\V\int_0^\V d\G\G\coth\G
+\coth^2\V\int_0^\V d\G\G(\V-\G)\coth\G
\lab{cusp} \\
&-&\frac12\sinh2\V\int_0^\V d\G\frac{\G\coth\G-1}{\sinh^2\V-\sinh^2\G}
 \left.\left.\log\frac{\sinh\V}{\sinh\G}\right)
     \right] .
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
It explicitly satisfies the requirement of the non-abelian
exponentiation theorem:
there are no $C_F^2$-terms in it.

In the framework of the HQET,
the two-loop calculation of the velocity-dependent anomalous dimension
was performed in a recent paper by Ji \ci{Ji}.
The author presents his result diagram by diagram,
in terms of 7 integrals $I_1,\ldots, I_7$,
two of which ($I_1$ and $I_7$) are calculated explicitly
and 5 others are claimed to be
not calculable in terms of the elementary functions.
The integral $I_6$ even contains a double integration.%
\footnote{We failed to check this integral,
          since the explicit expression presented in \ci{Ji}
          contains a variable $u$ (or a function $u$) not defined
          in the paper.}
{}From our formula \re{cusp}, it is clear
that there should be really only three
independent integrals containing no double integrations.
The most worrying is the fact that
the $C_F^2$-term in \ci{Ji}
is not explicitly equal to zero: it is
proportional to ($I_1I_3+I_4-I_5$).
Checking the results of \ci{Ji}, we managed to show that
$I_3=0$. This observation allowed us to simplify
another integral, $I_4$. Then, performing a
straightforward integration by parts, we obtained that $I_5 = I_4$.
Thus, the total $C_F^2$ coefficient in \ci{Ji}
vanishes, as it should.

The same statement is valid for the end-point
anomalous dimension $\gamma_{end}(\alpha_\sigma)$ or, equivalently, for the
anomalous dimension of the effective heavy field in the HQET.
In particular, no $C_F^2$-terms really appear at the two-loop level.
The authors of \ci{Gro}, apparently,  have not realized
that their two-loop results have this property.

\subsection{Cusp anomalous dimension for small and large angles}
Incorporating the exponentiation theorem, one can easily
obtain an important result mentioned in the introduction
that the anomalous dimension $\Gamma_{cusp}(\V, \alpha_\sigma)$,
for large angles $\vartheta$,
is linear in $\vartheta$ (or $\log(Q^2/m^2)$)
to all orders of perturbation theory:
\begin{equation}
\Gamma_{cusp}(\V, \alpha_\sigma) |_{\V \to \infty} =
\V K(\alpha_\sigma) +  {\cal O}(\V^0) \, .
\lab{large}
\end{equation}
This fact has a simple explanation. In this limit,
$\log(Q^2/m^2)$ is a typical collinear logarithm resulting from
integration over the regions where the gluons
are almost collinear to $v_1$ or $v_2$,
{\em i.e.,} when they are emitted/absorbed at small angle.
However, in the two-particle irreducible diagrams
(only these really contribute to $\Gamma_{cusp}(\V, \alpha_\sigma)$)
there is just one angular integration producing
a singularity in the $m \to 0$ limit.
Hence, just a single logarithm emerges,
and we get eqs.\re{gammaIR}, \re{large}.

Using the explicit expression \re{cusp},
one can check that our $\Gamma_{cusp}(\V, \alpha_\sigma)$
is linear in $\vartheta$
for large $\vartheta$. However,
this linearity requirement is not satisfied by the result \ci{Ji}
given by  Ji, since it contains an exponentially rising
contribution ${\cal O}(\exp(\vartheta))$ in the term proportional
to $C_FN_f$. In general, we disagree with his results
for the terms having this color factor.

{}From the expression \re{kalpha}, it follows that
the first two coefficients of the perturbative expansion
for the asymptotic slope $K(\alpha_\sigma)$
are positive. There are good reasons to expect that
$K(\alpha_\sigma)$ should be  positive to all orders.
In particular,  it can be shown \ci{IR1} that
$K(\alpha_\sigma)$ determines the asymptotic
behavior of the parton distribution
function $f(x,Q^2)$
as $x\to 1$ for large $Q^2$.  More specifically, the exponent
$a(Q^2)$ in the asymptotic representation
$f(x,Q^2)\propto (1-x)^{a(Q^2)}$ obeys the
evolution equation \ci{IR1}
$$
\frac{d}{d Q^2}a(Q^2)=K(\alpha_\sigma(Q^2)).
$$
If $K(\alpha_\sigma)$ is a positive function, then $a(Q^2)$ is an
increasing function of $Q^2$, and, for $x \sim 1$, the parton
distributions tend to zero
faster and faster with increasing $Q^2.$ And that is
just what one is expecting  within the QCD parton picture:
if one probes the structure of a
hadron at smaller and smaller distances,
the probability to find a parton carrying
almost all momentum of the hadron
should become  smaller and smaller.

In the opposite limit of small cusp angles, eq.(\ref{cusp})
gives
\begin{equation}
\Gamma_{cusp}(\V,\alpha_\sigma)
|_{\V \to 0} =
\V^2\left[ \frac{\alpha_\sigma}{3\pi}C_F+\left(\frac{\alpha_\sigma}{\pi}\right)^2
C_F\left(C_A\left(\frac{47}{54}-\frac{\pi^2}{18}\right)-
N_f\frac5{54}\right)\right]
+ {\cal O}(\V^4)
\lab{small}
\end{equation}
Apparently, the expansion of
the two-loop cusp anomalous dimension \re{cusp} contains
only even
powers of the  angle $\vartheta$.
In view of the equivalence relation
\re{eqHQET} this seems natural:
$\Gamma_{cusp}(\vartheta, \alpha_\sigma)$  depends on $\vartheta$ through
$w=\cosh\vartheta$,  which is
an even function of $\vartheta.$
However, this simple reasoning  is true only if
$\Gamma_{cusp}(\V, \alpha_\sigma)$ is analytic at $\V=0$ or,
equivalently, if
$\gamma_{w}(\alpha_\sigma)$  is
an analytic function of $w$ in the
vicinity of the point $w=1$. This fact is not immediately
obvious,  since the explicit 1-loop expression (\ref{gammaw1loop})
for $\gamma_w(\alpha_\sigma)$ contains the square root $\sqrt{w^2-1}$
capable of generating a cut starting just at $w=1$.

To study the analyticity properties of
$\gamma_{w}(\alpha_\sigma)$, it is useful to use its relation
to the anomalous dimension of the IR factor
$F_{IR}$ (\ref{eqircusp}) and the fact that $F_{IR}$
enters into the factorized expression for
the elastic quark form factor $F(Q^2,m^2).$
Hence, $\gamma_{w}(\alpha_\sigma)$
possesses only those singularities
which the quark form factor has as a function
of $Q^2=2m^2(w - 1).$
It is well known, that
the nearest singularity of the form factor
is due to the pair creation
in the annihilation channel and it corresponds to the point
$Q^2 =  -4m^2.$
This implies that $\gamma_w(\alpha_\sigma)$ is
an analytic function at $w=1$,  with the nearest
singularity at $w=-1$.
Indeed, using the explicit expressions \re{brems} and \re{cusp},
one can easily check that the
bremsstrahlung function has a cut starting at $Q^2=-4m^2$
while the two-loop cusp
anomalous dimension has  the only pole
singularity  at  $\cosh\V=-1.$\footnote{We
            are grateful to L.N.Lipatov who has drawn our
            attention to this point}

\subsection{Conclusions}
Thus, we demonstrated
that three important functions, that appear in different
branches of the quantum theory of gauge fields, coincide.
The same function, the cusp anomalous dimension
of a Wilson line,
appears when one studies the IR singularities of
the on-shell form factors or the
velocity-dependent anomalous dimension
in the effective heavy quark field theory.
This is because in both cases, all the IR induced terms can be
factorized from the original amplitudes into the
universal IR factor given by the vacuum average of a Wilson line.
This object, though it is a {\em nonlocal} functional
of the gauge fields, has rather simple (and well studied)
renormalization properties. As a consequence, the
anomalous dimensions of the Wilson lines govern
the IR logarithms in the
same manner as the anomalous dimensions of
the {\em local} composite
twist-2 operators control the collinear
singularities one encounters studying the structure
functions of deep inelastic scattering.

In practical aspect,  the well-developed machinery of the Wilson
loop formalism can provide a good support for the
heavy quark effective field theory.
In particular,  we established the equivalence of some recent
HQET calculations \ci{Uni,Gro} with the earlier results
for the Wilson lines \ci{Pol,peo,Kna}. We also corrected the
two-loop calculation \ci{Ji} of the velocity-dependent anomalous
dimension.

\bigskip
{\em Acknowledgment. }
One of us (A.V.R.) is grateful to E. De Rafael and
J. Soffer for the warm  hospitality at CPT (Marseille).
G.P.K. thanks G.Marchesini for useful discussions and
support.

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On July 12, 1916, the Scotts Bluff County Commissioners applied for state aid for the construction of this multiple-span bridge over the North Platte River at Mitchell, as well as two other Platte River structures at Henry and Morrill. In October local citizens voted to approve a bond financing the county's share of building the North Platte bridges. The project was accepted for state funding, and on January 21, 1918, a contract for the Mitchell Bridge was let to the Omaha Structural Steel Works. The structure was erected as a series of twelve 50-foot concrete arches for a total cost of almost $60,000. The roadway was widened in 1939, and footings repaired in 1959, but the bridge is otherwise intact.
Between the inception of the state aid bridge program in 1911 and the time it was phased out in 1936, the Nebraska State Engineer's office had designed and built 17 multiple-span concrete arch structures, most in the 1910s. All but five of these have since been demolished. The Mitchell State Aid Bridge is thus significant as among the last of what was once a mainstay river bridge configuration in the state.