text:
#include "config.h"
#include "system.h"

#include "rtl.h"
#include "regs.h"
#include "function.h"
#include "flags.h"
#include "insn-config.h"
#include "recog.h"
#include "except.h"
#include "hard-reg-set.h"
#include "basic-block.h"
#include "expr.h"
#include "real.h"
#include "output.h"
#include "toplev.h"
#include "tm_p.h"

#ifndef HAVE_conditional_execution
#define HAVE_conditional_execution 0
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_conditional_move
#define HAVE_conditional_move 0
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_incscc
#define HAVE_incscc 0
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_decscc
#define HAVE_decscc 0
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_trap
#define HAVE_trap 0
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_conditional_trap
#define HAVE_conditional_trap 0
#endif

#ifndef MAX_CONDITIONAL_EXECUTE
#define MAX_CONDITIONAL_EXECUTE   (BRANCH_COST + 1)
#endif

#define NULL_EDGE	((struct edge_def *)NULL)
#define NULL_BLOCK	((struct basic_block_def *)NULL)

/* # of IF-THEN or IF-THEN-ELSE blocks we looked at  */
static int num_possible_if_blocks;

/* # of IF-THEN or IF-THEN-ELSE blocks were converted to conditional
   execution.  */
static int num_updated_if_blocks;

/* # of basic blocks that were removed.  */
static int num_removed_blocks;

/* True if life data ok at present.  */
static bool life_data_ok;

/* The post-dominator relation on the original block numbers.  */
static sbitmap *post_dominators;

/* Forward references.  */
static int count_bb_insns		PARAMS ((basic_block));
static rtx first_active_insn		PARAMS ((basic_block));
static int last_active_insn_p		PARAMS ((basic_block, rtx));
static int seq_contains_jump		PARAMS ((rtx));

static int cond_exec_process_insns	PARAMS ((rtx, rtx, rtx, rtx, int));
static rtx cond_exec_get_condition	PARAMS ((rtx));
static int cond_exec_process_if_block	PARAMS ((basic_block, basic_block,
						 basic_block, basic_block));

static rtx noce_get_condition		PARAMS ((rtx, rtx *));
static int noce_operand_ok		PARAMS ((rtx));
static int noce_process_if_block	PARAMS ((basic_block, basic_block,
						 basic_block, basic_block));

static int process_if_block		PARAMS ((basic_block, basic_block,
						 basic_block, basic_block));
static void merge_if_block		PARAMS ((basic_block, basic_block,
						 basic_block, basic_block));

static int find_if_header		PARAMS ((basic_block));
static int find_if_block		PARAMS ((basic_block, edge, edge));
static int find_if_case_1		PARAMS ((basic_block, edge, edge));
static int find_if_case_2		PARAMS ((basic_block, edge, edge));
static int find_cond_trap		PARAMS ((basic_block, edge, edge));
static rtx block_has_only_trap		PARAMS ((basic_block));
static int find_memory			PARAMS ((rtx *, void *));
static int dead_or_predicable		PARAMS ((basic_block, basic_block,
						 basic_block, basic_block, int));
static void noce_emit_move_insn		PARAMS ((rtx, rtx));

/* Abuse the basic_block AUX field to store the original block index,
   as well as a flag indicating that the block should be rescaned for
   life analysis.  */

#define SET_ORIG_INDEX(BB,I)	((BB)->aux = (void *)((size_t)(I) << 1))
#define ORIG_INDEX(BB)		((size_t)(BB)->aux >> 1)
#define SET_UPDATE_LIFE(BB)	((BB)->aux = (void *)((size_t)(BB)->aux | 1))
#define UPDATE_LIFE(BB)		((size_t)(BB)->aux & 1)

/* Count the number of non-jump active insns in BB.  */

static int
count_bb_insns (bb)
     basic_block bb;
{
  int count = 0;
  rtx insn = bb->head;

  while (1)
    {
      if (GET_CODE (insn) == CALL_INSN || GET_CODE (insn) == INSN)
	count++;

      if (insn == bb->end)
	break;
      insn = NEXT_INSN (insn);
    }

  return count;
}

/* Return the first non-jump active insn in the basic block.  */

static rtx
first_active_insn (bb)
     basic_block bb;
{
  rtx insn = bb->head;

  if (GET_CODE (insn) == CODE_LABEL)
    {
      if (insn == bb->end)
	return NULL_RTX;
      insn = NEXT_INSN (insn);
    }

  while (GET_CODE (insn) == NOTE)
    {
      if (insn == bb->end)
	return NULL_RTX;
      insn = NEXT_INSN (insn);
    }

  if (GET_CODE (insn) == JUMP_INSN)
    return NULL_RTX;

  return insn;
}

/* Return true if INSN is the last active non-jump insn in BB.  */

static int
last_active_insn_p (bb, insn)
     basic_block bb;
     rtx insn;
{
  do
    {
      if (insn == bb->end)
	return TRUE;
      insn = NEXT_INSN (insn);
    }
  while (GET_CODE (insn) == NOTE);

  return GET_CODE (insn) == JUMP_INSN;
}

/* It is possible, especially when having dealt with multi-word
   arithmetic, for the expanders to have emitted jumps.  Search
   through the sequence and return TRUE if a jump exists so that
   we can abort the conversion.  */

static int
seq_contains_jump (insn)
     rtx insn;
{
  while (insn)
    {
      if (GET_CODE (insn) == JUMP_INSN)
	return 1;
      insn = NEXT_INSN (insn);
    }
  return 0;
}

/* Go through a bunch of insns, converting them to conditional
   execution format if possible.  Return TRUE if all of the non-note
   insns were processed.  */

static int
cond_exec_process_insns (start, end, test, prob_val, mod_ok)
     rtx start;			/* first insn to look at */
     rtx end;			/* last insn to look at */
     rtx test;			/* conditional execution test */
     rtx prob_val;		/* probability of branch taken.  */
     int mod_ok;		/* true if modifications ok last insn.  */
{
  int must_be_last = FALSE;
  rtx insn;
  rtx pattern;

  for (insn = start; ; insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
    {
      if (GET_CODE (insn) == NOTE)
	goto insn_done;

      if (GET_CODE (insn) != INSN && GET_CODE (insn) != CALL_INSN)
	abort ();

      /* Remove USE insns that get in the way.  */
      if (reload_completed && GET_CODE (PATTERN (insn)) == USE)
	{
	  /* ??? Ug.  Actually unlinking the thing is problematic,
	     given what we'd have to coordinate with our callers.  */
	  PUT_CODE (insn, NOTE);
	  NOTE_LINE_NUMBER (insn) = NOTE_INSN_DELETED;
	  NOTE_SOURCE_FILE (insn) = 0;
	  goto insn_done;
	}

      /* Last insn wasn't last?  */
      if (must_be_last)
	return FALSE;

      if (modified_in_p (test, insn))
	{
	  if (!mod_ok)
	    return FALSE;
	  must_be_last = TRUE;
	}

      /* Now build the conditional form of the instruction.  */
      pattern = PATTERN (insn);

      /* If the machine needs to modify the insn being conditionally executed,
         say for example to force a constant integer operand into a temp
         register, do so here.  */
#ifdef IFCVT_MODIFY_INSN
      IFCVT_MODIFY_INSN (pattern, insn);
      if (! pattern)
	return FALSE;
#endif

      validate_change (insn, &PATTERN (insn),
		       gen_rtx_COND_EXEC (VOIDmode, copy_rtx (test),
					  pattern), 1);

      if (GET_CODE (insn) == CALL_INSN && prob_val)
	validate_change (insn, &REG_NOTES (insn),
			 alloc_EXPR_LIST (REG_BR_PROB, prob_val,
					  REG_NOTES (insn)), 1);

    insn_done:
      if (insn == end)
	break;
    }

  return TRUE;
}

/* Return the condition for a jump.  Do not do any special processing.  */

static rtx
cond_exec_get_condition (jump)
     rtx jump;
{
  rtx test_if, cond;

  if (any_condjump_p (jump))
    test_if = SET_SRC (pc_set (jump));
  else
    return NULL_RTX;
  cond = XEXP (test_if, 0);

  /* If this branches to JUMP_LABEL when the condition is false,
     reverse the condition.  */
  if (GET_CODE (XEXP (test_if, 2)) == LABEL_REF
      && XEXP (XEXP (test_if, 2), 0) == JUMP_LABEL (jump))
    {
      enum rtx_code rev = reversed_comparison_code (cond, jump);
      if (rev == UNKNOWN)
	return NULL_RTX;

      cond = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (rev, GET_MODE (cond), XEXP (cond, 0),
			     XEXP (cond, 1));
    }

  return cond;
}

/* Given a simple IF-THEN or IF-THEN-ELSE block, attempt to convert it
   to conditional execution.  Return TRUE if we were successful at
   converting the the block.  */

static int
cond_exec_process_if_block (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb, join_bb)
     basic_block test_bb;	/* Basic block test is in */
     basic_block then_bb;	/* Basic block for THEN block */
     basic_block else_bb;	/* Basic block for ELSE block */
     basic_block join_bb;	/* Basic block the join label is in */
{
  rtx test_expr;		/* expression in IF_THEN_ELSE that is tested */
  rtx then_start;		/* first insn in THEN block */
  rtx then_end;			/* last insn + 1 in THEN block */
  rtx else_start = NULL_RTX;	/* first insn in ELSE block or NULL */
  rtx else_end = NULL_RTX;	/* last insn + 1 in ELSE block */
  int max;			/* max # of insns to convert.  */
  int then_mod_ok;		/* whether conditional mods are ok in THEN */
  rtx true_expr;		/* test for else block insns */
  rtx false_expr;		/* test for then block insns */
  rtx true_prob_val;		/* probability of else block */
  rtx false_prob_val;		/* probability of then block */
  int n_insns;
  enum rtx_code false_code;

  /* Find the conditional jump to the ELSE or JOIN part, and isolate
     the test.  */
  test_expr = cond_exec_get_condition (test_bb->end);
  if (! test_expr)
    return FALSE;

  /* If the conditional jump is more than just a conditional jump,
     then we can not do conditional execution conversion on this block.  */
  if (!onlyjump_p (test_bb->end))
    return FALSE;

  /* Collect the bounds of where we're to search.  */

  then_start = then_bb->head;
  then_end = then_bb->end;

  /* Skip a label heading THEN block.  */
  if (GET_CODE (then_start) == CODE_LABEL)
    then_start = NEXT_INSN (then_start);

  /* Skip a (use (const_int 0)) or branch as the final insn.  */
  if (GET_CODE (then_end) == INSN
      && GET_CODE (PATTERN (then_end)) == USE
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (PATTERN (then_end), 0)) == CONST_INT)
    then_end = PREV_INSN (then_end);
  else if (GET_CODE (then_end) == JUMP_INSN)
    then_end = PREV_INSN (then_end);

  if (else_bb)
    {
      /* Skip the ELSE block's label.  */
      else_start = NEXT_INSN (else_bb->head);
      else_end = else_bb->end;

      /* Skip a (use (const_int 0)) or branch as the final insn.  */
      if (GET_CODE (else_end) == INSN
	  && GET_CODE (PATTERN (else_end)) == USE
	  && GET_CODE (XEXP (PATTERN (else_end), 0)) == CONST_INT)
	else_end = PREV_INSN (else_end);
      else if (GET_CODE (else_end) == JUMP_INSN)
	else_end = PREV_INSN (else_end);
    }

  /* How many instructions should we convert in total?  */
  n_insns = 0;
  if (else_bb)
    {
      max = 2 * MAX_CONDITIONAL_EXECUTE;
      n_insns = count_bb_insns (else_bb);
    }
  else
    max = MAX_CONDITIONAL_EXECUTE;
  n_insns += count_bb_insns (then_bb);
  if (n_insns > max)
    return FALSE;

  /* Map test_expr/test_jump into the appropriate MD tests to use on
     the conditionally executed code.  */

  true_expr = test_expr;

  false_code = reversed_comparison_code (true_expr, test_bb->end);
  if (false_code != UNKNOWN)
    false_expr = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (false_code, GET_MODE (true_expr),
				 XEXP (true_expr, 0), XEXP (true_expr, 1));
  else
    false_expr = NULL_RTX;

#ifdef IFCVT_MODIFY_TESTS
  /* If the machine description needs to modify the tests, such as setting a
     conditional execution register from a comparison, it can do so here.  */
  IFCVT_MODIFY_TESTS (true_expr, false_expr, test_bb, then_bb, else_bb,
		      join_bb);

  /* See if the conversion failed */
  if (!true_expr || !false_expr)
    goto fail;
#endif

  true_prob_val = find_reg_note (test_bb->end, REG_BR_PROB, NULL_RTX);
  if (true_prob_val)
    {
      true_prob_val = XEXP (true_prob_val, 0);
      false_prob_val = GEN_INT (REG_BR_PROB_BASE - INTVAL (true_prob_val));
    }
  else
    false_prob_val = NULL_RTX;

  /* For IF-THEN-ELSE blocks, we don't allow modifications of the test
     on then THEN block.  */
  then_mod_ok = (else_bb == NULL_BLOCK);

  /* Go through the THEN and ELSE blocks converting the insns if possible
     to conditional execution.  */

  if (then_end
      && (! false_expr
	  || ! cond_exec_process_insns (then_start, then_end, false_expr,
					false_prob_val, then_mod_ok)))
    goto fail;

  if (else_bb
      && ! cond_exec_process_insns (else_start, else_end,
				    true_expr, true_prob_val, TRUE))
    goto fail;

  if (! apply_change_group ())
    return FALSE;

#ifdef IFCVT_MODIFY_FINAL
  /* Do any machine dependent final modifications */
  IFCVT_MODIFY_FINAL (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb, join_bb);
#endif

  /* Conversion succeeded.  */
  if (rtl_dump_file)
    fprintf (rtl_dump_file, "%d insn%s converted to conditional execution.\n",
	     n_insns, (n_insns == 1) ? " was" : "s were");

  /* Merge the blocks!  */
  merge_if_block (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb, join_bb);
  return TRUE;

 fail:
#ifdef IFCVT_MODIFY_CANCEL
  /* Cancel any machine dependent changes.  */
  IFCVT_MODIFY_CANCEL (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb, join_bb);
#endif

  cancel_changes (0);
  return FALSE;
}

/* Used by noce_process_if_block to communicate with its subroutines.

   The subroutines know that A and B may be evaluated freely.  They
   know that X is a register.  They should insert new instructions
   before cond_earliest.  */

struct noce_if_info
{
  basic_block test_bb;
  rtx insn_a, insn_b;
  rtx x, a, b;
  rtx jump, cond, cond_earliest;
};

static rtx noce_emit_store_flag		PARAMS ((struct noce_if_info *,
						 rtx, int, int));
static int noce_try_store_flag		PARAMS ((struct noce_if_info *));
static int noce_try_store_flag_inc	PARAMS ((struct noce_if_info *));
static int noce_try_store_flag_constants PARAMS ((struct noce_if_info *));
static int noce_try_store_flag_mask	PARAMS ((struct noce_if_info *));
static rtx noce_emit_cmove		PARAMS ((struct noce_if_info *,
						 rtx, enum rtx_code, rtx,
						 rtx, rtx, rtx));
static int noce_try_cmove		PARAMS ((struct noce_if_info *));
static int noce_try_cmove_arith		PARAMS ((struct noce_if_info *));
static rtx noce_get_alt_condition	PARAMS ((struct noce_if_info *,
						 rtx, rtx *));
static int noce_try_minmax		PARAMS ((struct noce_if_info *));
static int noce_try_abs			PARAMS ((struct noce_if_info *));

/* Helper function for noce_try_store_flag*.  */

static rtx
noce_emit_store_flag (if_info, x, reversep, normalize)
     struct noce_if_info *if_info;
     rtx x;
     int reversep, normalize;
{
  rtx cond = if_info->cond;
  int cond_complex;
  enum rtx_code code;

  cond_complex = (! general_operand (XEXP (cond, 0), VOIDmode)
		  || ! general_operand (XEXP (cond, 1), VOIDmode));

  /* If earliest == jump, or when the condition is complex, try to
     build the store_flag insn directly.  */

  if (cond_complex)
    cond = XEXP (SET_SRC (pc_set (if_info->jump)), 0);

  if (reversep)
    code = reversed_comparison_code (cond, if_info->jump);
  else
    code = GET_CODE (cond);

  if ((if_info->cond_earliest == if_info->jump || cond_complex)
      && (normalize == 0 || STORE_FLAG_VALUE == normalize))
    {
      rtx tmp;

      tmp = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (code, GET_MODE (x), XEXP (cond, 0),
			    XEXP (cond, 1));
      tmp = gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, x, tmp);

      start_sequence ();
      tmp = emit_insn (tmp);

      if (recog_memoized (tmp) >= 0)
	{
	  tmp = get_insns ();
	  end_sequence ();
	  emit_insns (tmp);

	  if_info->cond_earliest = if_info->jump;

	  return x;
	}

      end_sequence ();
    }

  /* Don't even try if the comparison operands are weird.  */
  if (cond_complex)
    return NULL_RTX;

  return emit_store_flag (x, code, XEXP (cond, 0),
			  XEXP (cond, 1), VOIDmode,
			  (code == LTU || code == LEU
			   || code == GEU || code == GTU), normalize);
}

/* Emit instruction to move an rtx into STRICT_LOW_PART.  */
static void
noce_emit_move_insn (x, y)
     rtx x, y;
{
  enum machine_mode outmode, inmode;
  rtx outer, inner;
  int bitpos;

  if (GET_CODE (x) != STRICT_LOW_PART)
    {
      emit_move_insn (x, y);
      return;
    }

  outer = XEXP (x, 0);
  inner = XEXP (outer, 0);
  outmode = GET_MODE (outer);
  inmode = GET_MODE (inner);
  bitpos = SUBREG_BYTE (outer) * BITS_PER_UNIT;
  store_bit_field (inner, GET_MODE_BITSIZE (outmode), bitpos, outmode, y,
		   GET_MODE_BITSIZE (inmode));
}

/* Convert "if (test) x = 1; else x = 0".

   Only try 0 and STORE_FLAG_VALUE here.  Other combinations will be
   tried in noce_try_store_flag_constants after noce_try_cmove has had
   a go at the conversion.  */

static int
noce_try_store_flag (if_info)
     struct noce_if_info *if_info;
{
  int reversep;
  rtx target, seq;

  if (GET_CODE (if_info->b) == CONST_INT
      && INTVAL (if_info->b) == STORE_FLAG_VALUE
      && if_info->a == const0_rtx)
    reversep = 0;
  else if (if_info->b == const0_rtx
	   && GET_CODE (if_info->a) == CONST_INT
	   && INTVAL (if_info->a) == STORE_FLAG_VALUE
	   && (reversed_comparison_code (if_info->cond, if_info->jump)
	       != UNKNOWN))
    reversep = 1;
  else
    return FALSE;

  start_sequence ();

  target = noce_emit_store_flag (if_info, if_info->x, reversep, 0);
  if (target)
    {
      if (target != if_info->x)
	noce_emit_move_insn (if_info->x, target);

      seq = get_insns ();
      end_sequence ();
      emit_insns_before (seq, if_info->jump);

      return TRUE;
    }
  else
    {
      end_sequence ();
      return FALSE;
    }
}

/* Convert "if (test) x = a; else x = b", for A and B constant.  */

static int
noce_try_store_flag_constants (if_info)
     struct noce_if_info *if_info;
{
  rtx target, seq;
  int reversep;
  HOST_WIDE_INT itrue, ifalse, diff, tmp;
  int normalize, can_reverse;
  enum machine_mode mode;

  if (! no_new_pseudos
      && GET_CODE (if_info->a) == CONST_INT
      && GET_CODE (if_info->b) == CONST_INT)
    {
      mode = GET_MODE (if_info->x);
      ifalse = INTVAL (if_info->a);
      itrue = INTVAL (if_info->b);

      /* Make sure we can represent the difference between the two values.  */
      if ((itrue - ifalse > 0)
	  != ((ifalse < 0) != (itrue < 0) ? ifalse < 0 : ifalse < itrue))
	return FALSE;

      diff = trunc_int_for_mode (itrue - ifalse, mode);

      can_reverse = (reversed_comparison_code (if_info->cond, if_info->jump)
		     != UNKNOWN);

      reversep = 0;
      if (diff == STORE_FLAG_VALUE || diff == -STORE_FLAG_VALUE)
	normalize = 0;
      else if (ifalse == 0 && exact_log2 (itrue) >= 0
	       && (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1
		   || BRANCH_COST >= 2))
	normalize = 1;
      else if (itrue == 0 && exact_log2 (ifalse) >= 0 && can_reverse
	       && (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == 1 || BRANCH_COST >= 2))
	normalize = 1, reversep = 1;
      else if (itrue == -1
	       && (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1
		   || BRANCH_COST >= 2))
	normalize = -1;
      else if (ifalse == -1 && can_reverse
	       && (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1 || BRANCH_COST >= 2))
	normalize = -1, reversep = 1;
      else if ((BRANCH_COST >= 2 && STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1)
	       || BRANCH_COST >= 3)
	normalize = -1;
      else
	return FALSE;

      if (reversep)
      	{
	  tmp = itrue; itrue = ifalse; ifalse = tmp;
	  diff = trunc_int_for_mode (-diff, mode);
	}

      start_sequence ();
      target = noce_emit_store_flag (if_info, if_info->x, reversep, normalize);
      if (! target)
	{
	  end_sequence ();
	  return FALSE;
	}

      /* if (test) x = 3; else x = 4;
	 =>   x = 3 + (test == 0);  */
      if (diff == STORE_FLAG_VALUE || diff == -STORE_FLAG_VALUE)
	{
	  target = expand_simple_binop (mode,
					(diff == STORE_FLAG_VALUE
					 ? PLUS : MINUS),
					GEN_INT (ifalse), target, if_info->x, 0,
					OPTAB_WIDEN);
	}

      /* if (test) x = 8; else x = 0;
	 =>   x = (test != 0) << 3;  */
      else if (ifalse == 0 && (tmp = exact_log2 (itrue)) >= 0)
	{
	  target = expand_simple_binop (mode, ASHIFT,
					target, GEN_INT (tmp), if_info->x, 0,
					OPTAB_WIDEN);
	}

      /* if (test) x = -1; else x = b;
	 =>   x = -(test != 0) | b;  */
      else if (itrue == -1)
	{
	  target = expand_simple_binop (mode, IOR,
					target, GEN_INT (ifalse), if_info->x, 0,
					OPTAB_WIDEN);
	}

      /* if (test) x = a; else x = b;
	 =>   x = (-(test != 0) & (b - a)) + a;  */
      else
	{
	  target = expand_simple_binop (mode, AND,
					target, GEN_INT (diff), if_info->x, 0,
					OPTAB_WIDEN);
	  if (target)
	    target = expand_simple_binop (mode, PLUS,
					  target, GEN_INT (ifalse),
					  if_info->x, 0, OPTAB_WIDEN);
	}

      if (! target)
	{
	  end_sequence ();
	  return FALSE;
	}

      if (target != if_info->x)
	noce_emit_move_insn (if_info->x, target);

      seq = get_insns ();
      end_sequence ();

      if (seq_contains_jump (seq))
	return FALSE;

      emit_insns_before (seq, if_info->jump);

      return TRUE;
    }

  return FALSE;
}

/* Convert "if (test) foo++" into "foo += (test != 0)", and
   similarly for "foo--".  */

static int
noce_try_store_flag_inc (if_info)
     struct noce_if_info *if_info;
{
  rtx target, seq;
  int subtract, normalize;

  if (! no_new_pseudos
      && (BRANCH_COST >= 2
	  || HAVE_incscc
	  || HAVE_decscc)
      /* Should be no `else' case to worry about.  */
      && if_info->b == if_info->x
      && GET_CODE (if_info->a) == PLUS
      && (XEXP (if_info->a, 1) == const1_rtx
	  || XEXP (if_info->a, 1) == constm1_rtx)
      && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (if_info->a, 0), if_info->x)
      && (reversed_comparison_code (if_info->cond, if_info->jump)
	  != UNKNOWN))
    {
      if (STORE_FLAG_VALUE == INTVAL (XEXP (if_info->a, 1)))
	subtract = 0, normalize = 0;
      else if (-STORE_FLAG_VALUE == INTVAL (XEXP (if_info->a, 1)))
	subtract = 1, normalize = 0;
      else
	subtract = 0, normalize = INTVAL (XEXP (if_info->a, 1));

      start_sequence ();

      target = noce_emit_store_flag (if_info,
				     gen_reg_rtx (GET_MODE (if_info->x)),
				     1, normalize);

      if (target)
	target = expand_simple_binop (GET_MODE (if_info->x),
				      subtract ? MINUS : PLUS,
				      if_info->x, target, if_info->x,
				      0, OPTAB_WIDEN);
      if (target)
	{
	  if (target != if_info->x)
	    noce_emit_move_insn (if_info->x, target);

	  seq = get_insns ();
	  end_sequence ();

	  if (seq_contains_jump (seq))
	    return FALSE;

	  emit_insns_before (seq, if_info->jump);

	  return TRUE;
	}

      end_sequence ();
    }

  return FALSE;
}

/* Convert "if (test) x = 0;" to "x &= -(test == 0);"  */

static int
noce_try_store_flag_mask (if_info)
     struct noce_if_info *if_info;
{
  rtx target, seq;
  int reversep;

  reversep = 0;
  if (! no_new_pseudos
      && (BRANCH_COST >= 2
	  || STORE_FLAG_VALUE == -1)
      && ((if_info->a == const0_rtx
	   && rtx_equal_p (if_info->b, if_info->x))
	  || ((reversep = (reversed_comparison_code (if_info->cond,
						     if_info->jump)
			   != UNKNOWN))
	      && if_info->b == const0_rtx
	      && rtx_equal_p (if_info->a, if_info->x))))
    {
      start_sequence ();
      target = noce_emit_store_flag (if_info,
				     gen_reg_rtx (GET_MODE (if_info->x)),
				     reversep, -1);
      if (target)
        target = expand_simple_binop (GET_MODE (if_info->x), AND,
				      if_info->x, target, if_info->x, 0,
				      OPTAB_WIDEN);

      if (target)
	{
	  if (target != if_info->x)
	    noce_emit_move_insn (if_info->x, target);

	  seq = get_insns ();
	  end_sequence ();

	  if (seq_contains_jump (seq))
	    return FALSE;

	  emit_insns_before (seq, if_info->jump);

	  return TRUE;
	}

      end_sequence ();
    }

  return FALSE;
}

/* Helper function for noce_try_cmove and noce_try_cmove_arith.  */

static rtx
noce_emit_cmove (if_info, x, code, cmp_a, cmp_b, vfalse, vtrue)
     struct noce_if_info *if_info;
     rtx x, cmp_a, cmp_b, vfalse, vtrue;
     enum rtx_code code;
{
  /* If earliest == jump, try to build the cmove insn directly.
     This is helpful when combine has created some complex condition
     (like for alpha's cmovlbs) that we can't hope to regenerate
     through the normal interface.  */

  if (if_info->cond_earliest == if_info->jump)
    {
      rtx tmp;

      tmp = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (code, GET_MODE (if_info->cond), cmp_a, cmp_b);
      tmp = gen_rtx_IF_THEN_ELSE (GET_MODE (x), tmp, vtrue, vfalse);
      tmp = gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, x, tmp);

      start_sequence ();
      tmp = emit_insn (tmp);

      if (recog_memoized (tmp) >= 0)
	{
	  tmp = get_insns ();
	  end_sequence ();
	  emit_insns (tmp);

	  return x;
	}

      end_sequence ();
    }

  /* Don't even try if the comparison operands are weird.  */
  if (! general_operand (cmp_a, GET_MODE (cmp_a))
      || ! general_operand (cmp_b, GET_MODE (cmp_b)))
    return NULL_RTX;

#if HAVE_conditional_move
  return emit_conditional_move (x, code, cmp_a, cmp_b, VOIDmode,
				vtrue, vfalse, GET_MODE (x),
			        (code == LTU || code == GEU
				 || code == LEU || code == GTU));
#else
  /* We'll never get here, as noce_process_if_block doesn't call the
     functions involved.  Ifdef code, however, should be discouraged
     because it leads to typos in the code not selected.  However,
     emit_conditional_move won't exist either.  */
  return NULL_RTX;
#endif
}

/* Try only simple constants and registers here.  More complex cases
   are handled in noce_try_cmove_arith after noce_try_store_flag_arith
   has had a go at it.  */

static int
noce_try_cmove (if_info)
     struct noce_if_info *if_info;
{
  enum rtx_code code;
  rtx target, seq;

  if ((CONSTANT_P (if_info->a) || register_operand (if_info->a, VOIDmode))
      && (CONSTANT_P (if_info->b) || register_operand (if_info->b, VOIDmode)))
    {
      start_sequence ();

      code = GET_CODE (if_info->cond);
      target = noce_emit_cmove (if_info, if_info->x, code,
				XEXP (if_info->cond, 0),
				XEXP (if_info->cond, 1),
				if_info->a, if_info->b);

      if (target)
	{
	  if (target != if_info->x)
	    noce_emit_move_insn (if_info->x, target);

	  seq = get_insns ();
	  end_sequence ();
	  emit_insns_before (seq, if_info->jump);
	  return TRUE;
	}
      else
	{
	  end_sequence ();
	  return FALSE;
	}
    }

  return FALSE;
}

/* Try more complex cases involving conditional_move.  */

static int
noce_try_cmove_arith (if_info)
     struct noce_if_info *if_info;
{
  rtx a = if_info->a;
  rtx b = if_info->b;
  rtx x = if_info->x;
  rtx insn_a, insn_b;
  rtx tmp, target;
  int is_mem = 0;
  enum rtx_code code;

  /* A conditional move from two memory sources is equivalent to a
     conditional on their addresses followed by a load.  Don't do this
     early because it'll screw alias analysis.  Note that we've
     already checked for no side effects.  */
  if (! no_new_pseudos && cse_not_expected
      && GET_CODE (a) == MEM && GET_CODE (b) == MEM
      && BRANCH_COST >= 5)
    {
      a = XEXP (a, 0);
      b = XEXP (b, 0);
      x = gen_reg_rtx (Pmode);
      is_mem = 1;
    }

  /* ??? We could handle this if we knew that a load from A or B could
     not fault.  This is also true if we've already loaded
     from the address along the path from ENTRY.  */
  else if (may_trap_p (a) || may_trap_p (b))
    return FALSE;

  /* if (test) x = a + b; else x = c - d;
     => y = a + b;
        x = c - d;
	if (test)
	  x = y;
  */

  code = GET_CODE (if_info->cond);
  insn_a = if_info->insn_a;
  insn_b = if_info->insn_b;

  /* Possibly rearrange operands to make things come out more natural.  */
  if (reversed_comparison_code (if_info->cond, if_info->jump) != UNKNOWN)
    {
      int reversep = 0;
      if (rtx_equal_p (b, x))
	reversep = 1;
      else if (general_operand (b, GET_MODE (b)))
	reversep = 1;

      if (reversep)
	{
	  code = reversed_comparison_code (if_info->cond, if_info->jump);
	  tmp = a, a = b, b = tmp;
	  tmp = insn_a, insn_a = insn_b, insn_b = tmp;
	}
    }

  start_sequence ();

  /* If either operand is complex, load it into a register first.
     The best way to do this is to copy the original insn.  In this
     way we preserve any clobbers etc that the insn may have had.
     This is of course not possible in the IS_MEM case.  */
  if (! general_operand (a, GET_MODE (a)))
    {
      rtx set;

      if (no_new_pseudos)
	goto end_seq_and_fail;

      if (is_mem)
	{
	  tmp = gen_reg_rtx (GET_MODE (a));
	  tmp = emit_insn (gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, tmp, a));
	}
      else if (! insn_a)
	goto end_seq_and_fail;
      else
	{
	  a = gen_reg_rtx (GET_MODE (a));
	  tmp = copy_rtx (insn_a);
	  set = single_set (tmp);
	  SET_DEST (set) = a;
	  tmp = emit_insn (PATTERN (tmp));
	}
      if (recog_memoized (tmp) < 0)
	goto end_seq_and_fail;
    }
  if (! general_operand (b, GET_MODE (b)))
    {
      rtx set;

      if (no_new_pseudos)
	goto end_seq_and_fail;

      if (is_mem)
	{
          tmp = gen_reg_rtx (GET_MODE (b));
	  tmp = emit_insn (gen_rtx_SET (VOIDmode, tmp, b));
	}
      else if (! insn_b)
	goto end_seq_and_fail;
      else
	{
          b = gen_reg_rtx (GET_MODE (b));
	  tmp = copy_rtx (insn_b);
	  set = single_set (tmp);
	  SET_DEST (set) = b;
	  tmp = emit_insn (PATTERN (tmp));
	}
      if (recog_memoized (tmp) < 0)
	goto end_seq_and_fail;
    }

  target = noce_emit_cmove (if_info, x, code, XEXP (if_info->cond, 0),
			    XEXP (if_info->cond, 1), a, b);

  if (! target)
    goto end_seq_and_fail;

  /* If we're handling a memory for above, emit the load now.  */
  if (is_mem)
    {
      tmp = gen_rtx_MEM (GET_MODE (if_info->x), target);

      /* Copy over flags as appropriate.  */
      if (MEM_VOLATILE_P (if_info->a) || MEM_VOLATILE_P (if_info->b))
	MEM_VOLATILE_P (tmp) = 1;
      if (MEM_IN_STRUCT_P (if_info->a) && MEM_IN_STRUCT_P (if_info->b))
	MEM_IN_STRUCT_P (tmp) = 1;
      if (MEM_SCALAR_P (if_info->a) && MEM_SCALAR_P (if_info->b))
	MEM_SCALAR_P (tmp) = 1;
      if (MEM_ALIAS_SET (if_info->a) == MEM_ALIAS_SET (if_info->b))
	set_mem_alias_set (tmp, MEM_ALIAS_SET (if_info->a));
      set_mem_align (tmp,
		     MIN (MEM_ALIGN (if_info->a), MEM_ALIGN (if_info->b)));

      noce_emit_move_insn (if_info->x, tmp);
    }
  else if (target != x)
    noce_emit_move_insn (x, target);

  tmp = get_insns ();
  end_sequence ();
  emit_insns_before (tmp, if_info->jump);
  return TRUE;

 end_seq_and_fail:
  end_sequence ();
  return FALSE;
}

/* For most cases, the simplified condition we found is the best
   choice, but this is not the case for the min/max/abs transforms.
   For these we wish to know that it is A or B in the condition.  */

static rtx
noce_get_alt_condition (if_info, target, earliest)
     struct noce_if_info *if_info;
     rtx target;
     rtx *earliest;
{
  rtx cond, set, insn;
  int reverse;

  /* If target is already mentioned in the known condition, return it.  */
  if (reg_mentioned_p (target, if_info->cond))
    {
      *earliest = if_info->cond_earliest;
      return if_info->cond;
    }

  set = pc_set (if_info->jump);
  cond = XEXP (SET_SRC (set), 0);
  reverse
    = GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_SRC (set), 2)) == LABEL_REF
      && XEXP (XEXP (SET_SRC (set), 2), 0) == JUMP_LABEL (if_info->jump);

  /* If we're looking for a constant, try to make the conditional
     have that constant in it.  There are two reasons why it may
     not have the constant we want:

     1. GCC may have needed to put the constant in a register, because
        the target can't compare directly against that constant.  For
        this case, we look for a SET immediately before the comparison
        that puts a constant in that register.

     2. GCC may have canonicalized the conditional, for example
	replacing "if x < 4" with "if x <= 3".  We can undo that (or
	make equivalent types of changes) to get the constants we need
	if they're off by one in the right direction.  */

  if (GET_CODE (target) == CONST_INT)
    {
      enum rtx_code code = GET_CODE (if_info->cond);
      rtx op_a = XEXP (if_info->cond, 0);
      rtx op_b = XEXP (if_info->cond, 1);
      rtx prev_insn;

      /* First, look to see if we put a constant in a register.  */
      prev_insn = PREV_INSN (if_info->cond_earliest);
      if (prev_insn
	  && INSN_P (prev_insn)
	  && GET_CODE (PATTERN (prev_insn)) == SET)
	{
	  rtx src = find_reg_equal_equiv_note (prev_insn);
	  if (!src)
	    src = SET_SRC (PATTERN (prev_insn));
	  if (GET_CODE (src) == CONST_INT)
	    {
	      if (rtx_equal_p (op_a, SET_DEST (PATTERN (prev_insn))))
		op_a = src;
	      else if (rtx_equal_p (op_b, SET_DEST (PATTERN (prev_insn))))
		op_b = src;

	      if (GET_CODE (op_a) == CONST_INT)
		{
		  rtx tmp = op_a;
		  op_a = op_b;
		  op_b = tmp;
		  code = swap_condition (code);
		}
	    }
	}

      /* Now, look to see if we can get the right constant by
	 adjusting the conditional.  */
      if (GET_CODE (op_b) == CONST_INT)
	{
	  HOST_WIDE_INT desired_val = INTVAL (target);
	  HOST_WIDE_INT actual_val = INTVAL (op_b);

	  switch (code)
	    {
	    case LT:
	      if (actual_val == desired_val + 1)
		{
		  code = LE;
		  op_b = GEN_INT (desired_val);
		}
	      break;
	    case LE:
	      if (actual_val == desired_val - 1)
		{
		  code = LT;
		  op_b = GEN_INT (desired_val);
		}
	      break;
	    case GT:
	      if (actual_val == desired_val - 1)
		{
		  code = GE;
		  op_b = GEN_INT (desired_val);
		}
	      break;
	    case GE:
	      if (actual_val == desired_val + 1)
		{
		  code = GT;
		  op_b = GEN_INT (desired_val);
		}
	      break;
	    default:
	      break;
	    }
	}

      /* If we made any changes, generate a new conditional that is
	 equivalent to what we started with, but has the right
	 constants in it.  */
      if (code != GET_CODE (if_info->cond)
	  || op_a != XEXP (if_info->cond, 0)
	  || op_b != XEXP (if_info->cond, 1))
	{
	  cond = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (code, GET_MODE (cond), op_a, op_b);
	  *earliest = if_info->cond_earliest;
	  return cond;
	}
    }

  cond = canonicalize_condition (if_info->jump, cond, reverse,
				 earliest, target);
  if (! cond || ! reg_mentioned_p (target, cond))
    return NULL;

  /* We almost certainly searched back to a different place.
     Need to re-verify correct lifetimes.  */

  /* X may not be mentioned in the range (cond_earliest, jump].  */
  for (insn = if_info->jump; insn != *earliest; insn = PREV_INSN (insn))
    if (INSN_P (insn) && reg_mentioned_p (if_info->x, insn))
      return NULL;

  /* A and B may not be modified in the range [cond_earliest, jump).  */
  for (insn = *earliest; insn != if_info->jump; insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
    if (INSN_P (insn)
	&& (modified_in_p (if_info->a, insn)
	    || modified_in_p (if_info->b, insn)))
      return NULL;

  return cond;
}

/* Convert "if (a < b) x = a; else x = b;" to "x = min(a, b);", etc.  */

static int
noce_try_minmax (if_info)
     struct noce_if_info *if_info;
{
  rtx cond, earliest, target, seq;
  enum rtx_code code, op;
  int unsignedp;

  /* ??? Can't guarantee that expand_binop won't create pseudos.  */
  if (no_new_pseudos)
    return FALSE;

  /* ??? Reject FP modes since we don't know how 0 vs -0 or NaNs
     will be resolved with an SMIN/SMAX.  It wouldn't be too hard
     to get the target to tell us...  */
  if (FLOAT_MODE_P (GET_MODE (if_info->x))
      && TARGET_FLOAT_FORMAT == IEEE_FLOAT_FORMAT
      && ! flag_unsafe_math_optimizations)
    return FALSE;

  cond = noce_get_alt_condition (if_info, if_info->a, &earliest);
  if (!cond)
    return FALSE;

  /* Verify the condition is of the form we expect, and canonicalize
     the comparison code.  */
  code = GET_CODE (cond);
  if (rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 0), if_info->a))
    {
      if (! rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 1), if_info->b))
	return FALSE;
    }
  else if (rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 1), if_info->a))
    {
      if (! rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 0), if_info->b))
	return FALSE;
      code = swap_condition (code);
    }
  else
    return FALSE;

  /* Determine what sort of operation this is.  Note that the code is for
     a taken branch, so the code->operation mapping appears backwards.  */
  switch (code)
    {
    case LT:
    case LE:
    case UNLT:
    case UNLE:
      op = SMAX;
      unsignedp = 0;
      break;
    case GT:
    case GE:
    case UNGT:
    case UNGE:
      op = SMIN;
      unsignedp = 0;
      break;
    case LTU:
    case LEU:
      op = UMAX;
      unsignedp = 1;
      break;
    case GTU:
    case GEU:
      op = UMIN;
      unsignedp = 1;
      break;
    default:
      return FALSE;
    }

  start_sequence ();

  target = expand_simple_binop (GET_MODE (if_info->x), op,
				if_info->a, if_info->b,
				if_info->x, unsignedp, OPTAB_WIDEN);
  if (! target)
    {
      end_sequence ();
      return FALSE;
    }
  if (target != if_info->x)
    noce_emit_move_insn (if_info->x, target);

  seq = get_insns ();
  end_sequence ();

  if (seq_contains_jump (seq))
    return FALSE;

  emit_insns_before (seq, if_info->jump);
  if_info->cond = cond;
  if_info->cond_earliest = earliest;

  return TRUE;
}

/* Convert "if (a < 0) x = -a; else x = a;" to "x = abs(a);", etc.  */

static int
noce_try_abs (if_info)
     struct noce_if_info *if_info;
{
  rtx cond, earliest, target, seq, a, b, c;
  int negate;

  /* ??? Can't guarantee that expand_binop won't create pseudos.  */
  if (no_new_pseudos)
    return FALSE;

  /* Recognize A and B as constituting an ABS or NABS.  */
  a = if_info->a;
  b = if_info->b;
  if (GET_CODE (a) == NEG && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (a, 0), b))
    negate = 0;
  else if (GET_CODE (b) == NEG && rtx_equal_p (XEXP (b, 0), a))
    {
      c = a; a = b; b = c;
      negate = 1;
    }
  else
    return FALSE;

  cond = noce_get_alt_condition (if_info, b, &earliest);
  if (!cond)
    return FALSE;

  /* Verify the condition is of the form we expect.  */
  if (rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 0), b))
    c = XEXP (cond, 1);
  else if (rtx_equal_p (XEXP (cond, 1), b))
    c = XEXP (cond, 0);
  else
    return FALSE;

  /* Verify that C is zero.  Search backward through the block for
     a REG_EQUAL note if necessary.  */
  if (REG_P (c))
    {
      rtx insn, note = NULL;
      for (insn = earliest;
	   insn != if_info->test_bb->head;
	   insn = PREV_INSN (insn))
	if (INSN_P (insn)
	    && ((note = find_reg_note (insn, REG_EQUAL, c))
		|| (note = find_reg_note (insn, REG_EQUIV, c))))
	  break;
      if (! note)
	return FALSE;
      c = XEXP (note, 0);
    }
  if (GET_CODE (c) == MEM
      && GET_CODE (XEXP (c, 0)) == SYMBOL_REF
      && CONSTANT_POOL_ADDRESS_P (XEXP (c, 0)))
    c = get_pool_constant (XEXP (c, 0));

  /* Work around funny ideas get_condition has wrt canonicalization.
     Note that these rtx constants are known to be CONST_INT, and
     therefore imply integer comparisons.  */
  if (c == constm1_rtx && GET_CODE (cond) == GT)
    ;
  else if (c == const1_rtx && GET_CODE (cond) == LT)
    ;
  else if (c != CONST0_RTX (GET_MODE (b)))
    return FALSE;

  /* Determine what sort of operation this is.  */
  switch (GET_CODE (cond))
    {
    case LT:
    case LE:
    case UNLT:
    case UNLE:
      negate = !negate;
      break;
    case GT:
    case GE:
    case UNGT:
    case UNGE:
      break;
    default:
      return FALSE;
    }

  start_sequence ();

  target = expand_simple_unop (GET_MODE (if_info->x), ABS, b, if_info->x, 0);

  /* ??? It's a quandry whether cmove would be better here, especially
     for integers.  Perhaps combine will clean things up.  */
  if (target && negate)
    target = expand_simple_unop (GET_MODE (target), NEG, target, if_info->x, 0);

  if (! target)
    {
      end_sequence ();
      return FALSE;
    }

  if (target != if_info->x)
    noce_emit_move_insn (if_info->x, target);

  seq = get_insns ();
  end_sequence ();

  if (seq_contains_jump (seq))
    return FALSE;

  emit_insns_before (seq, if_info->jump);
  if_info->cond = cond;
  if_info->cond_earliest = earliest;

  return TRUE;
}

/* Similar to get_condition, only the resulting condition must be
   valid at JUMP, instead of at EARLIEST.  */

static rtx
noce_get_condition (jump, earliest)
     rtx jump;
     rtx *earliest;
{
  rtx cond, set, tmp, insn;
  bool reverse;

  if (! any_condjump_p (jump))
    return NULL_RTX;

  set = pc_set (jump);

  /* If this branches to JUMP_LABEL when the condition is false,
     reverse the condition.  */
  reverse = (GET_CODE (XEXP (SET_SRC (set), 2)) == LABEL_REF
	     && XEXP (XEXP (SET_SRC (set), 2), 0) == JUMP_LABEL (jump));

  /* If the condition variable is a register and is MODE_INT, accept it.  */

  cond = XEXP (SET_SRC (set), 0);
  tmp = XEXP (cond, 0);
  if (REG_P (tmp) && GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (tmp)) == MODE_INT)
    {
      *earliest = jump;

      if (reverse)
	cond = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (reverse_condition (GET_CODE (cond)),
			       GET_MODE (cond), tmp, XEXP (cond, 1));
      return cond;
    }

  /* Otherwise, fall back on canonicalize_condition to do the dirty
     work of manipulating MODE_CC values and COMPARE rtx codes.  */

  tmp = canonicalize_condition (jump, cond, reverse, earliest, NULL_RTX);
  if (!tmp)
    return NULL_RTX;

  /* We are going to insert code before JUMP, not before EARLIEST.
     We must therefore be certain that the given condition is valid
     at JUMP by virtue of not having been modified since.  */
  for (insn = *earliest; insn != jump; insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
    if (INSN_P (insn) && modified_in_p (tmp, insn))
      break;
  if (insn == jump)
    return tmp;

  /* The condition was modified.  See if we can get a partial result
     that doesn't follow all the reversals.  Perhaps combine can fold
     them together later.  */
  tmp = XEXP (tmp, 0);
  if (!REG_P (tmp) || GET_MODE_CLASS (GET_MODE (tmp)) != MODE_INT)
    return NULL_RTX;
  tmp = canonicalize_condition (jump, cond, reverse, earliest, tmp);
  if (!tmp)
    return NULL_RTX;

  /* For sanity's sake, re-validate the new result.  */
  for (insn = *earliest; insn != jump; insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
    if (INSN_P (insn) && modified_in_p (tmp, insn))
      return NULL_RTX;

  return tmp;
}

/* Return true if OP is ok for if-then-else processing.  */

static int
noce_operand_ok (op)
     rtx op;
{
  /* We special-case memories, so handle any of them with
     no address side effects.  */
  if (GET_CODE (op) == MEM)
    return ! side_effects_p (XEXP (op, 0));

  if (side_effects_p (op))
    return FALSE;

  /* ??? Unfortuantely may_trap_p can't look at flag_trapping_math, due to
     being linked into the genfoo programs.  This is probably a mistake.
     With finite operands, most fp operations don't trap.  */
  if (!flag_trapping_math && FLOAT_MODE_P (GET_MODE (op)))
    switch (GET_CODE (op))
      {
      case DIV:
      case MOD:
      case UDIV:
      case UMOD:
	/* ??? This is kinda lame -- almost every target will have forced
	   the constant into a register first.  But given the expense of
	   division, this is probably for the best.  */
	return (CONSTANT_P (XEXP (op, 1))
		&& XEXP (op, 1) != CONST0_RTX (GET_MODE (op))
		&& ! may_trap_p (XEXP (op, 0)));

      default:
	switch (GET_RTX_CLASS (GET_CODE (op)))
	  {
	  case '1':
	    return ! may_trap_p (XEXP (op, 0));
	  case 'c':
	  case '2':
	    return ! may_trap_p (XEXP (op, 0)) && ! may_trap_p (XEXP (op, 1));
	  }
	break;
      }

  return ! may_trap_p (op);
}

/* Given a simple IF-THEN or IF-THEN-ELSE block, attempt to convert it
   without using conditional execution.  Return TRUE if we were
   successful at converting the the block.  */

static int
noce_process_if_block (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb, join_bb)
     basic_block test_bb;	/* Basic block test is in */
     basic_block then_bb;	/* Basic block for THEN block */
     basic_block else_bb;	/* Basic block for ELSE block */
     basic_block join_bb;	/* Basic block the join label is in */
{
  /* We're looking for patterns of the form

     (1) if (...) x = a; else x = b;
     (2) x = b; if (...) x = a;
     (3) if (...) x = a;   // as if with an initial x = x.

     The later patterns require jumps to be more expensive.

     ??? For future expansion, look for multiple X in such patterns.  */

  struct noce_if_info if_info;
  rtx insn_a, insn_b;
  rtx set_a, set_b;
  rtx orig_x, x, a, b;
  rtx jump, cond, insn;

  /* If this is not a standard conditional jump, we can't parse it.  */
  jump = test_bb->end;
  cond = noce_get_condition (jump, &if_info.cond_earliest);
  if (! cond)
    return FALSE;

  /* If the conditional jump is more than just a conditional jump,
     then we can not do if-conversion on this block.  */
  if (! onlyjump_p (jump))
    return FALSE;

  /* We must be comparing objects whose modes imply the size.  */
  if (GET_MODE (XEXP (cond, 0)) == BLKmode)
    return FALSE;

  /* Look for one of the potential sets.  */
  insn_a = first_active_insn (then_bb);
  if (! insn_a
      || ! last_active_insn_p (then_bb, insn_a)
      || (set_a = single_set (insn_a)) == NULL_RTX)
    return FALSE;

  x = SET_DEST (set_a);
  a = SET_SRC (set_a);

  /* Look for the other potential set.  Make sure we've got equivalent
     destinations.  */
  /* ??? This is overconservative.  Storing to two different mems is
     as easy as conditionally computing the address.  Storing to a
     single mem merely requires a scratch memory to use as one of the
     destination addresses; often the memory immediately below the
     stack pointer is available for this.  */
  set_b = NULL_RTX;
  if (else_bb)
    {
      insn_b = first_active_insn (else_bb);
      if (! insn_b
	  || ! last_active_insn_p (else_bb, insn_b)
	  || (set_b = single_set (insn_b)) == NULL_RTX
	  || ! rtx_equal_p (x, SET_DEST (set_b)))
	return FALSE;
    }
  else
    {
      insn_b = prev_nonnote_insn (if_info.cond_earliest);
      if (! insn_b
	  || GET_CODE (insn_b) != INSN
	  || (set_b = single_set (insn_b)) == NULL_RTX
	  || ! rtx_equal_p (x, SET_DEST (set_b))
	  || reg_mentioned_p (x, cond)
	  || reg_mentioned_p (x, a)
	  || reg_mentioned_p (x, SET_SRC (set_b)))
	insn_b = set_b = NULL_RTX;
    }
  b = (set_b ? SET_SRC (set_b) : x);

  /* X may not be mentioned in the range (cond_earliest, jump].  */
  for (insn = jump; insn != if_info.cond_earliest; insn = PREV_INSN (insn))
    if (INSN_P (insn) && reg_mentioned_p (x, insn))
      return FALSE;

  /* A and B may not be modified in the range [cond_earliest, jump).  */
  for (insn = if_info.cond_earliest; insn != jump; insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
    if (INSN_P (insn)
	&& (modified_in_p (a, insn) || modified_in_p (b, insn)))
      return FALSE;

  /* Only operate on register destinations, and even then avoid extending
     the lifetime of hard registers on small register class machines.  */
  orig_x = x;
  if (GET_CODE (x) != REG
      || (SMALL_REGISTER_CLASSES
	  && REGNO (x) < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER))
    {
      if (no_new_pseudos)
	return FALSE;
      x = gen_reg_rtx (GET_MODE (GET_CODE (x) == STRICT_LOW_PART
				 ? XEXP (x, 0) : x));
    }

  /* Don't operate on sources that may trap or are volatile.  */
  if (! noce_operand_ok (a) || ! noce_operand_ok (b))
    return FALSE;

  /* Set up the info block for our subroutines.  */
  if_info.test_bb = test_bb;
  if_info.cond = cond;
  if_info.jump = jump;
  if_info.insn_a = insn_a;
  if_info.insn_b = insn_b;
  if_info.x = x;
  if_info.a = a;
  if_info.b = b;

  /* Try optimizations in some approximation of a useful order.  */
  /* ??? Should first look to see if X is live incoming at all.  If it
     isn't, we don't need anything but an unconditional set.  */

  /* Look and see if A and B are really the same.  Avoid creating silly
     cmove constructs that no one will fix up later.  */
  if (rtx_equal_p (a, b))
    {
      /* If we have an INSN_B, we don't have to create any new rtl.  Just
	 move the instruction that we already have.  If we don't have an
	 INSN_B, that means that A == X, and we've got a noop move.  In
	 that case don't do anything and let the code below delete INSN_A.  */
      if (insn_b && else_bb)
	{
	  rtx note;

	  if (else_bb && insn_b == else_bb->end)
	    else_bb->end = PREV_INSN (insn_b);
	  reorder_insns (insn_b, insn_b, PREV_INSN (if_info.cond_earliest));

	  /* If there was a REG_EQUAL note, delete it since it may have been
	     true due to this insn being after a jump.  */
	  if ((note = find_reg_note (insn_b, REG_EQUAL, NULL_RTX)) != 0)
	    remove_note (insn_b, note);

	  insn_b = NULL_RTX;
	}
      /* If we have "x = b; if (...) x = a;", and x has side-effects, then
	 x must be executed twice.  */
      else if (insn_b && side_effects_p (orig_x))
	return FALSE;

      x = orig_x;
      goto success;
    }

  if (noce_try_store_flag (&if_info))
    goto success;
  if (noce_try_minmax (&if_info))
    goto success;
  if (noce_try_abs (&if_info))
    goto success;
  if (HAVE_conditional_move
      && noce_try_cmove (&if_info))
    goto success;
  if (! HAVE_conditional_execution)
    {
      if (noce_try_store_flag_constants (&if_info))
	goto success;
      if (noce_try_store_flag_inc (&if_info))
	goto success;
      if (noce_try_store_flag_mask (&if_info))
	goto success;
      if (HAVE_conditional_move
	  && noce_try_cmove_arith (&if_info))
	goto success;
    }

  return FALSE;

 success:
  /* The original sets may now be killed.  */
  delete_insn (insn_a);

  /* Several special cases here: First, we may have reused insn_b above,
     in which case insn_b is now NULL.  Second, we want to delete insn_b
     if it came from the ELSE block, because follows the now correct
     write that appears in the TEST block.  However, if we got insn_b from
     the TEST block, it may in fact be loading data needed for the comparison.
     We'll let life_analysis remove the insn if it's really dead.  */
  if (insn_b && else_bb)
    delete_insn (insn_b);

  /* The new insns will have been inserted just before the jump.  We should
     be able to remove the jump with impunity, but the condition itself may
     have been modified by gcse to be shared across basic blocks.  */
  delete_insn (jump);

  /* If we used a temporary, fix it up now.  */
  if (orig_x != x)
    {
      start_sequence ();
      noce_emit_move_insn (copy_rtx (orig_x), x);
      insn_b = gen_sequence ();
      end_sequence ();

      emit_insn_after (insn_b, test_bb->end);
    }

  /* Merge the blocks!  */
  merge_if_block (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb, join_bb);

  return TRUE;
}

/* Attempt to convert an IF-THEN or IF-THEN-ELSE block into
   straight line code.  Return true if successful.  */

static int
process_if_block (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb, join_bb)
     basic_block test_bb;	/* Basic block test is in */
     basic_block then_bb;	/* Basic block for THEN block */
     basic_block else_bb;	/* Basic block for ELSE block */
     basic_block join_bb;	/* Basic block the join label is in */
{
  if (! reload_completed
      && noce_process_if_block (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb, join_bb))
    return TRUE;

  if (HAVE_conditional_execution
      && reload_completed
      && cond_exec_process_if_block (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb, join_bb))
    return TRUE;

  return FALSE;
}

/* Merge the blocks and mark for local life update.  */

static void
merge_if_block (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb, join_bb)
     basic_block test_bb;	/* Basic block test is in */
     basic_block then_bb;	/* Basic block for THEN block */
     basic_block else_bb;	/* Basic block for ELSE block */
     basic_block join_bb;	/* Basic block the join label is in */
{
  basic_block combo_bb;

  /* All block merging is done into the lower block numbers.  */

  combo_bb = test_bb;

  /* First merge TEST block into THEN block.  This is a no-brainer since
     the THEN block did not have a code label to begin with.  */
  if (then_bb)
    {
      if (life_data_ok)
        COPY_REG_SET (combo_bb->global_live_at_end,
		      then_bb->global_live_at_end);
      merge_blocks_nomove (combo_bb, then_bb);
      num_removed_blocks++;
    }

  /* The ELSE block, if it existed, had a label.  That label count
     will almost always be zero, but odd things can happen when labels
     get their addresses taken.  */
  if (else_bb)
    {
      merge_blocks_nomove (combo_bb, else_bb);
      num_removed_blocks++;
    }

  /* If there was no join block reported, that means it was not adjacent
     to the others, and so we cannot merge them.  */

  if (! join_bb)
    {
      rtx last = combo_bb->end;

      /* The outgoing edge for the current COMBO block should already
	 be correct.  Verify this.  */
      if (combo_bb->succ == NULL_EDGE)
	{
	  if (find_reg_note (last, REG_NORETURN, NULL))
	    ;
	  else if (GET_CODE (last) == INSN
		   && GET_CODE (PATTERN (last)) == TRAP_IF
		   && TRAP_CONDITION (PATTERN (last)) == const_true_rtx)
	    ;
	  else
	    abort ();
	}

      /* There should still be something at the end of the THEN or ELSE
         blocks taking us to our final destination.  */
      else if (GET_CODE (last) == JUMP_INSN)
	;
      else if (combo_bb->succ->dest == EXIT_BLOCK_PTR
	       && GET_CODE (last) == CALL_INSN
	       && SIBLING_CALL_P (last))
	;
      else if ((combo_bb->succ->flags & EDGE_EH)
	       && can_throw_internal (last))
	;
      else
	abort ();
    }

  /* The JOIN block may have had quite a number of other predecessors too.
     Since we've already merged the TEST, THEN and ELSE blocks, we should
     have only one remaining edge from our if-then-else diamond.  If there
     is more than one remaining edge, it must come from elsewhere.  There
     may be zero incoming edges if the THEN block didn't actually join
     back up (as with a call to abort).  */
  else if ((join_bb->pred == NULL
	    || join_bb->pred->pred_next == NULL)
	   && join_bb != EXIT_BLOCK_PTR)
    {
      /* We can merge the JOIN.  */
      if (life_data_ok)
	COPY_REG_SET (combo_bb->global_live_at_end,
		      join_bb->global_live_at_end);
      merge_blocks_nomove (combo_bb, join_bb);
      num_removed_blocks++;
    }
  else
    {
      /* We cannot merge the JOIN.  */

      /* The outgoing edge for the current COMBO block should already
	 be correct.  Verify this.  */
      if (combo_bb->succ->succ_next != NULL_EDGE
	  || combo_bb->succ->dest != join_bb)
	abort ();

      /* Remove the jump and cruft from the end of the COMBO block.  */
      if (join_bb != EXIT_BLOCK_PTR)
        tidy_fallthru_edge (combo_bb->succ, combo_bb, join_bb);
    }

  /* Make sure we update life info properly.  */
  SET_UPDATE_LIFE (combo_bb);

  num_updated_if_blocks++;
}

/* Find a block ending in a simple IF condition.  Return TRUE if
   we were able to transform it in some way.  */

static int
find_if_header (test_bb)
     basic_block test_bb;
{
  edge then_edge;
  edge else_edge;

  /* The kind of block we're looking for has exactly two successors.  */
  if ((then_edge = test_bb->succ) == NULL_EDGE
      || (else_edge = then_edge->succ_next) == NULL_EDGE
      || else_edge->succ_next != NULL_EDGE)
    return FALSE;

  /* Neither edge should be abnormal.  */
  if ((then_edge->flags & EDGE_COMPLEX)
      || (else_edge->flags & EDGE_COMPLEX))
    return FALSE;

  /* The THEN edge is canonically the one that falls through.  */
  if (then_edge->flags & EDGE_FALLTHRU)
    ;
  else if (else_edge->flags & EDGE_FALLTHRU)
    {
      edge e = else_edge;
      else_edge = then_edge;
      then_edge = e;
    }
  else
    /* Otherwise this must be a multiway branch of some sort.  */
    return FALSE;

  if (find_if_block (test_bb, then_edge, else_edge))
    goto success;
  if (HAVE_trap && HAVE_conditional_trap
      && find_cond_trap (test_bb, then_edge, else_edge))
    goto success;
  if (post_dominators
      && (! HAVE_conditional_execution || reload_completed))
    {
      if (find_if_case_1 (test_bb, then_edge, else_edge))
	goto success;
      if (find_if_case_2 (test_bb, then_edge, else_edge))
	goto success;
    }

  return FALSE;

 success:
  if (rtl_dump_file)
    fprintf (rtl_dump_file, "Conversion succeeded.\n");
  return TRUE;
}

/* Determine if a given basic block heads a simple IF-THEN or IF-THEN-ELSE
   block.  If so, we'll try to convert the insns to not require the branch.
   Return TRUE if we were successful at converting the the block.  */

static int
find_if_block (test_bb, then_edge, else_edge)
      basic_block test_bb;
      edge then_edge, else_edge;
{
  basic_block then_bb = then_edge->dest;
  basic_block else_bb = else_edge->dest;
  basic_block join_bb = NULL_BLOCK;
  edge then_succ = then_bb->succ;
  edge else_succ = else_bb->succ;
  int next_index;

  /* The THEN block of an IF-THEN combo must have exactly one predecessor.  */
  if (then_bb->pred->pred_next != NULL_EDGE)
    return FALSE;

  /* The THEN block of an IF-THEN combo must have zero or one successors.  */
  if (then_succ != NULL_EDGE
      && (then_succ->succ_next != NULL_EDGE
          || (then_succ->flags & EDGE_COMPLEX)))
    return FALSE;

  /* If the THEN block has no successors, conditional execution can still
     make a conditional call.  Don't do this unless the ELSE block has
     only one incoming edge -- the CFG manipulation is too ugly otherwise.
     Check for the last insn of the THEN block being an indirect jump, which
     is listed as not having any successors, but confuses the rest of the CE
     code processing.  XXX we should fix this in the future.  */
  if (then_succ == NULL)
    {
      if (else_bb->pred->pred_next == NULL_EDGE)
	{
	  rtx last_insn = then_bb->end;

	  while (last_insn
		 && GET_CODE (last_insn) == NOTE
		 && last_insn != then_bb->head)
	    last_insn = PREV_INSN (last_insn);

	  if (last_insn
	      && GET_CODE (last_insn) == JUMP_INSN
	      && ! simplejump_p (last_insn))
	    return FALSE;

	  join_bb = else_bb;
	  else_bb = NULL_BLOCK;
	}
      else
	return FALSE;
    }

  /* If the THEN block's successor is the other edge out of the TEST block,
     then we have an IF-THEN combo without an ELSE.  */
  else if (then_succ->dest == else_bb)
    {
      join_bb = else_bb;
      else_bb = NULL_BLOCK;
    }

  /* If the THEN and ELSE block meet in a subsequent block, and the ELSE
     has exactly one predecessor and one successor, and the outgoing edge
     is not complex, then we have an IF-THEN-ELSE combo.  */
  else if (else_succ != NULL_EDGE
	   && then_succ->dest == else_succ->dest
	   && else_bb->pred->pred_next == NULL_EDGE
	   && else_succ->succ_next == NULL_EDGE
	   && ! (else_succ->flags & EDGE_COMPLEX))
    join_bb = else_succ->dest;

  /* Otherwise it is not an IF-THEN or IF-THEN-ELSE combination.  */
  else
    return FALSE;

  num_possible_if_blocks++;

  if (rtl_dump_file)
    {
      if (else_bb)
	fprintf (rtl_dump_file,
		 "\nIF-THEN-ELSE block found, start %d, then %d, else %d, join %d\n",
		 test_bb->index, then_bb->index, else_bb->index,
		 join_bb->index);
      else
	fprintf (rtl_dump_file,
		 "\nIF-THEN block found, start %d, then %d, join %d\n",
		 test_bb->index, then_bb->index, join_bb->index);
    }

  /* Make sure IF, THEN, and ELSE, blocks are adjacent.  Actually, we
     get the first condition for free, since we've already asserted that
     there's a fallthru edge from IF to THEN.  */
  /* ??? As an enhancement, move the ELSE block.  Have to deal with
     BLOCK notes, if by no other means than aborting the merge if they
     exist.  Sticky enough I don't want to think about it now.  */
  next_index = then_bb->index;
  if (else_bb && ++next_index != else_bb->index)
    return FALSE;
  if (++next_index != join_bb->index && join_bb->index != EXIT_BLOCK)
    {
      if (else_bb)
	join_bb = NULL;
      else
	return FALSE;
    }

  /* Do the real work.  */
  return process_if_block (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb, join_bb);
}

/* Convert a branch over a trap, or a branch to a trap,
   into a conditional trap.  */

static int
find_cond_trap (test_bb, then_edge, else_edge)
     basic_block test_bb;
     edge then_edge, else_edge;
{
  basic_block then_bb, else_bb, trap_bb, other_bb;
  rtx trap, jump, cond, cond_earliest, seq;
  enum rtx_code code;

  then_bb = then_edge->dest;
  else_bb = else_edge->dest;

  /* Locate the block with the trap instruction.  */
  /* ??? While we look for no successors, we really ought to allow
     EH successors.  Need to fix merge_if_block for that to work.  */
  if ((trap = block_has_only_trap (then_bb)) != NULL)
    trap_bb = then_bb, other_bb = else_bb;
  else if ((trap = block_has_only_trap (else_bb)) != NULL)
    trap_bb = else_bb, other_bb = then_bb;
  else
    return FALSE;

  if (rtl_dump_file)
    {
      fprintf (rtl_dump_file, "\nTRAP-IF block found, start %d, trap %d\n",
	       test_bb->index, trap_bb->index);
    }

  /* If this is not a standard conditional jump, we can't parse it.  */
  jump = test_bb->end;
  cond = noce_get_condition (jump, &cond_earliest);
  if (! cond)
    return FALSE;

  /* If the conditional jump is more than just a conditional jump,
     then we can not do if-conversion on this block.  */
  if (! onlyjump_p (jump))
    return FALSE;

  /* We must be comparing objects whose modes imply the size.  */
  if (GET_MODE (XEXP (cond, 0)) == BLKmode)
    return FALSE;

  /* Reverse the comparison code, if necessary.  */
  code = GET_CODE (cond);
  if (then_bb == trap_bb)
    {
      code = reversed_comparison_code (cond, jump);
      if (code == UNKNOWN)
	return FALSE;
    }

  /* Attempt to generate the conditional trap.  */
  seq = gen_cond_trap (code, XEXP (cond, 0), XEXP (cond, 1),
		       TRAP_CODE (PATTERN (trap)));
  if (seq == NULL)
    return FALSE;

  /* Emit the new insns before cond_earliest.  */
  emit_insn_before (seq, cond_earliest);

  /* Delete the trap block if possible.  */
  remove_edge (trap_bb == then_bb ? then_edge : else_edge);
  if (trap_bb->pred == NULL)
    {
      flow_delete_block (trap_bb);
      num_removed_blocks++;
    }

  /* If the non-trap block and the test are now adjacent, merge them.
     Otherwise we must insert a direct branch.  */
  if (test_bb->index + 1 == other_bb->index)
    {
      delete_insn (jump);
      merge_if_block (test_bb, NULL, NULL, other_bb);
    }
  else
    {
      rtx lab, newjump;

      lab = JUMP_LABEL (jump);
      newjump = emit_jump_insn_after (gen_jump (lab), jump);
      LABEL_NUSES (lab) += 1;
      JUMP_LABEL (newjump) = lab;
      emit_barrier_after (newjump);

      delete_insn (jump);
    }

  return TRUE;
}

/* Subroutine of find_cond_trap: if BB contains only a trap insn,
   return it.  */

static rtx
block_has_only_trap (bb)
     basic_block bb;
{
  rtx trap;

  /* We're not the exit block.  */
  if (bb == EXIT_BLOCK_PTR)
    return NULL_RTX;

  /* The block must have no successors.  */
  if (bb->succ)
    return NULL_RTX;

  /* The only instruction in the THEN block must be the trap.  */
  trap = first_active_insn (bb);
  if (! (trap == bb->end
	 && GET_CODE (PATTERN (trap)) == TRAP_IF
         && TRAP_CONDITION (PATTERN (trap)) == const_true_rtx))
    return NULL_RTX;

  return trap;
}

/* Look for IF-THEN-ELSE cases in which one of THEN or ELSE is
   transformable, but not necessarily the other.  There need be no
   JOIN block.

   Return TRUE if we were successful at converting the the block.

   Cases we'd like to look at:

   (1)
	if (test) goto over; // x not live
	x = a;
	goto label;
	over:

   becomes

	x = a;
	if (! test) goto label;

   (2)
	if (test) goto E; // x not live
	x = big();
	goto L;
	E:
	x = b;
	goto M;

   becomes

	x = b;
	if (test) goto M;
	x = big();
	goto L;

   (3) // This one's really only interesting for targets that can do
       // multiway branching, e.g. IA-64 BBB bundles.  For other targets
       // it results in multiple branches on a cache line, which often
       // does not sit well with predictors.

	if (test1) goto E; // predicted not taken
	x = a;
	if (test2) goto F;
	...
	E:
	x = b;
	J:

   becomes

	x = a;
	if (test1) goto E;
	if (test2) goto F;

   Notes:

   (A) Don't do (2) if the branch is predicted against the block we're
   eliminating.  Do it anyway if we can eliminate a branch; this requires
   that the sole successor of the eliminated block postdominate the other
   side of the if.

   (B) With CE, on (3) we can steal from both sides of the if, creating

	if (test1) x = a;
	if (!test1) x = b;
	if (test1) goto J;
	if (test2) goto F;
	...
	J:

   Again, this is most useful if J postdominates.

   (C) CE substitutes for helpful life information.

   (D) These heuristics need a lot of work.  */

/* Tests for case 1 above.  */

static int
find_if_case_1 (test_bb, then_edge, else_edge)
      basic_block test_bb;
      edge then_edge, else_edge;
{
  basic_block then_bb = then_edge->dest;
  basic_block else_bb = else_edge->dest, new_bb;
  edge then_succ = then_bb->succ;

  /* THEN has one successor.  */
  if (!then_succ || then_succ->succ_next != NULL)
    return FALSE;

  /* THEN does not fall through, but is not strange either.  */
  if (then_succ->flags & (EDGE_COMPLEX | EDGE_FALLTHRU))
    return FALSE;

  /* THEN has one predecessor.  */
  if (then_bb->pred->pred_next != NULL)
    return FALSE;

  /* THEN must do something.  */
  if (forwarder_block_p (then_bb))
    return FALSE;

  num_possible_if_blocks++;
  if (rtl_dump_file)
    fprintf (rtl_dump_file,
	     "\nIF-CASE-1 found, start %d, then %d\n",
	     test_bb->index, then_bb->index);

  /* THEN is small.  */
  if (count_bb_insns (then_bb) > BRANCH_COST)
    return FALSE;

  /* Registers set are dead, or are predicable.  */
  if (! dead_or_predicable (test_bb, then_bb, else_bb,
			    then_bb->succ->dest, 1))
    return FALSE;

  /* Conversion went ok, including moving the insns and fixing up the
     jump.  Adjust the CFG to match.  */

  SET_UPDATE_LIFE (test_bb);
  bitmap_operation (test_bb->global_live_at_end,
		    else_bb->global_live_at_start,
		    then_bb->global_live_at_end, BITMAP_IOR);

  new_bb = redirect_edge_and_branch_force (FALLTHRU_EDGE (test_bb), else_bb);
  /* Make rest of code believe that the newly created block is the THEN_BB
     block we are going to remove.  */
  if (new_bb)
    {
      new_bb->aux = then_bb->aux;
      SET_UPDATE_LIFE (then_bb);
    }
  flow_delete_block (then_bb);
  /* We've possibly created jump to next insn, cleanup_cfg will solve that
     later.  */

  num_removed_blocks++;
  num_updated_if_blocks++;

  return TRUE;
}

/* Test for case 2 above.  */

static int
find_if_case_2 (test_bb, then_edge, else_edge)
      basic_block test_bb;
      edge then_edge, else_edge;
{
  basic_block then_bb = then_edge->dest;
  basic_block else_bb = else_edge->dest;
  edge else_succ = else_bb->succ;
  rtx note;

  /* ELSE has one successor.  */
  if (!else_succ || else_succ->succ_next != NULL)
    return FALSE;

  /* ELSE outgoing edge is not complex.  */
  if (else_succ->flags & EDGE_COMPLEX)
    return FALSE;

  /* ELSE has one predecessor.  */
  if (else_bb->pred->pred_next != NULL)
    return FALSE;

  /* THEN is not EXIT.  */
  if (then_bb->index < 0)
    return FALSE;

  /* ELSE is predicted or SUCC(ELSE) postdominates THEN.  */
  note = find_reg_note (test_bb->end, REG_BR_PROB, NULL_RTX);
  if (note && INTVAL (XEXP (note, 0)) >= REG_BR_PROB_BASE / 2)
    ;
  else if (else_succ->dest->index < 0
	   || TEST_BIT (post_dominators[ORIG_INDEX (then_bb)],
			ORIG_INDEX (else_succ->dest)))
    ;
  else
    return FALSE;

  num_possible_if_blocks++;
  if (rtl_dump_file)
    fprintf (rtl_dump_file,
	     "\nIF-CASE-2 found, start %d, else %d\n",
	     test_bb->index, else_bb->index);

  /* ELSE is small.  */
  if (count_bb_insns (then_bb) > BRANCH_COST)
    return FALSE;

  /* Registers set are dead, or are predicable.  */
  if (! dead_or_predicable (test_bb, else_bb, then_bb, else_succ->dest, 0))
    return FALSE;

  /* Conversion went ok, including moving the insns and fixing up the
     jump.  Adjust the CFG to match.  */

  SET_UPDATE_LIFE (test_bb);
  bitmap_operation (test_bb->global_live_at_end,
		    then_bb->global_live_at_start,
		    else_bb->global_live_at_end, BITMAP_IOR);

  flow_delete_block (else_bb);

  num_removed_blocks++;
  num_updated_if_blocks++;

  /* ??? We may now fallthru from one of THEN's successors into a join
     block.  Rerun cleanup_cfg?  Examine things manually?  Wait?  */

  return TRUE;
}

/* A subroutine of dead_or_predicable called through for_each_rtx.
   Return 1 if a memory is found.  */

static int
find_memory (px, data)
     rtx *px;
     void *data ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED;
{
  return GET_CODE (*px) == MEM;
}

/* Used by the code above to perform the actual rtl transformations.
   Return TRUE if successful.

   TEST_BB is the block containing the conditional branch.  MERGE_BB
   is the block containing the code to manipulate.  NEW_DEST is the
   label TEST_BB should be branching to after the conversion.
   REVERSEP is true if the sense of the branch should be reversed.  */

static int
dead_or_predicable (test_bb, merge_bb, other_bb, new_dest, reversep)
     basic_block test_bb, merge_bb, other_bb;
     basic_block new_dest;
     int reversep;
{
  rtx head, end, jump, earliest, old_dest, new_label = NULL_RTX;

  jump = test_bb->end;

  /* Find the extent of the real code in the merge block.  */
  head = merge_bb->head;
  end = merge_bb->end;

  if (GET_CODE (head) == CODE_LABEL)
    head = NEXT_INSN (head);
  if (GET_CODE (head) == NOTE)
    {
      if (head == end)
	{
	  head = end = NULL_RTX;
	  goto no_body;
	}
      head = NEXT_INSN (head);
    }

  if (GET_CODE (end) == JUMP_INSN)
    {
      if (head == end)
	{
	  head = end = NULL_RTX;
	  goto no_body;
	}
      end = PREV_INSN (end);
    }

  /* Disable handling dead code by conditional execution if the machine needs
     to do anything funny with the tests, etc.  */
#ifndef IFCVT_MODIFY_TESTS
  if (HAVE_conditional_execution)
    {
      /* In the conditional execution case, we have things easy.  We know
	 the condition is reversable.  We don't have to check life info,
	 becase we're going to conditionally execute the code anyway.
	 All that's left is making sure the insns involved can actually
	 be predicated.  */

      rtx cond, prob_val;

      cond = cond_exec_get_condition (jump);
      if (! cond)
	return FALSE;

      prob_val = find_reg_note (jump, REG_BR_PROB, NULL_RTX);
      if (prob_val)
	prob_val = XEXP (prob_val, 0);

      if (reversep)
	{
	  enum rtx_code rev = reversed_comparison_code (cond, jump);
	  if (rev == UNKNOWN)
	    return FALSE;
	  cond = gen_rtx_fmt_ee (rev, GET_MODE (cond), XEXP (cond, 0),
			         XEXP (cond, 1));
	  if (prob_val)
	    prob_val = GEN_INT (REG_BR_PROB_BASE - INTVAL (prob_val));
	}

      if (! cond_exec_process_insns (head, end, cond, prob_val, 0))
	goto cancel;

      earliest = jump;
    }
  else
#endif
    {
      /* In the non-conditional execution case, we have to verify that there
	 are no trapping operations, no calls, no references to memory, and
	 that any registers modified are dead at the branch site.  */

      rtx insn, cond, prev;
      regset_head merge_set_head, tmp_head, test_live_head, test_set_head;
      regset merge_set, tmp, test_live, test_set;
      struct propagate_block_info *pbi;
      int i, fail = 0;

      /* Check for no calls or trapping operations.  */
      for (insn = head; ; insn = NEXT_INSN (insn))
	{
	  if (GET_CODE (insn) == CALL_INSN)
	    return FALSE;
	  if (INSN_P (insn))
	    {
	      if (may_trap_p (PATTERN (insn)))
		return FALSE;

	      /* ??? Even non-trapping memories such as stack frame
		 references must be avoided.  For stores, we collect
		 no lifetime info; for reads, we'd have to assert
		 true_dependence false against every store in the
		 TEST range.  */
	      if (for_each_rtx (&PATTERN (insn), find_memory, NULL))
		return FALSE;
	    }
	  if (insn == end)
	    break;
	}

      if (! any_condjump_p (jump))
	return FALSE;

      /* Find the extent of the conditional.  */
      cond = noce_get_condition (jump, &earliest);
      if (! cond)
	return FALSE;

      /* Collect:
	   MERGE_SET = set of registers set in MERGE_BB
	   TEST_LIVE = set of registers live at EARLIEST
	   TEST_SET  = set of registers set between EARLIEST and the
		       end of the block.  */

      tmp = INITIALIZE_REG_SET (tmp_head);
      merge_set = INITIALIZE_REG_SET (merge_set_head);
      test_live = INITIALIZE_REG_SET (test_live_head);
      test_set = INITIALIZE_REG_SET (test_set_head);

      /* ??? bb->local_set is only valid during calculate_global_regs_live,
	 so we must recompute usage for MERGE_BB.  Not so bad, I suppose,
         since we've already asserted that MERGE_BB is small.  */
      propagate_block (merge_bb, tmp, merge_set, merge_set, 0);

      /* For small register class machines, don't lengthen lifetimes of
	 hard registers before reload.  */
      if (SMALL_REGISTER_CLASSES && ! reload_completed)
	{
          EXECUTE_IF_SET_IN_BITMAP
	    (merge_set, 0, i,
	     {
	       if (i < FIRST_PSEUDO_REGISTER
		   && ! fixed_regs[i]
		   && ! global_regs[i])
		fail = 1;
	     });
	}

      /* For TEST, we're interested in a range of insns, not a whole block.
	 Moreover, we're interested in the insns live from OTHER_BB.  */

      COPY_REG_SET (test_live, other_bb->global_live_at_start);
      pbi = init_propagate_block_info (test_bb, test_live, test_set, test_set,
				       0);

      for (insn = jump; ; insn = prev)
	{
	  prev = propagate_one_insn (pbi, insn);
	  if (insn == earliest)
	    break;
	}

      free_propagate_block_info (pbi);

      /* We can perform the transformation if
	   MERGE_SET & (TEST_SET | TEST_LIVE)
	 and
	   TEST_SET & merge_bb->global_live_at_start
	 are empty.  */

      bitmap_operation (tmp, test_set, test_live, BITMAP_IOR);
      bitmap_operation (tmp, tmp, merge_set, BITMAP_AND);
      EXECUTE_IF_SET_IN_BITMAP(tmp, 0, i, fail = 1);

      bitmap_operation (tmp, test_set, merge_bb->global_live_at_start,
			BITMAP_AND);
      EXECUTE_IF_SET_IN_BITMAP(tmp, 0, i, fail = 1);

      FREE_REG_SET (tmp);
      FREE_REG_SET (merge_set);
      FREE_REG_SET (test_live);
      FREE_REG_SET (test_set);

      if (fail)
	return FALSE;
    }

 no_body:
  /* We don't want to use normal invert_jump or redirect_jump because
     we don't want to delete_insn called.  Also, we want to do our own
     change group management.  */

  old_dest = JUMP_LABEL (jump);
  if (other_bb != new_dest)
    {
      new_label = block_label (new_dest);
      if (reversep
	  ? ! invert_jump_1 (jump, new_label)
	  : ! redirect_jump_1 (jump, new_label))
	goto cancel;
    }

  if (! apply_change_group ())
    return FALSE;

  if (other_bb != new_dest)
    {
      if (old_dest)
	LABEL_NUSES (old_dest) -= 1;
      if (new_label)
	LABEL_NUSES (new_label) += 1;
      JUMP_LABEL (jump) = new_label;
      if (reversep)
	invert_br_probabilities (jump);

      redirect_edge_succ (BRANCH_EDGE (test_bb), new_dest);
      if (reversep)
	{
	  gcov_type count, probability;
	  count = BRANCH_EDGE (test_bb)->count;
	  BRANCH_EDGE (test_bb)->count = FALLTHRU_EDGE (test_bb)->count;
	  FALLTHRU_EDGE (test_bb)->count = count;
	  probability = BRANCH_EDGE (test_bb)->probability;
	  BRANCH_EDGE (test_bb)->probability
	    = FALLTHRU_EDGE (test_bb)->probability;
	  FALLTHRU_EDGE (test_bb)->probability = probability;
	  update_br_prob_note (test_bb);
	}
    }

  /* Move the insns out of MERGE_BB to before the branch.  */
  if (head != NULL)
    {
      if (end == merge_bb->end)
	merge_bb->end = PREV_INSN (head);

      if (squeeze_notes (&head, &end))
	return TRUE;

      reorder_insns (head, end, PREV_INSN (earliest));
    }

  /* Remove the jump and edge if we can.  */
  if (other_bb == new_dest)
    {
      delete_insn (jump);
      remove_edge (BRANCH_EDGE (test_bb));
      /* ??? Can't merge blocks here, as then_bb is still in use.
	 At minimum, the merge will get done just before bb-reorder.  */
    }

  return TRUE;

 cancel:
  cancel_changes (0);
  return FALSE;
}

/* Main entry point for all if-conversion.  */

void
if_convert (x_life_data_ok)
     int x_life_data_ok;
{
  int block_num;

  num_possible_if_blocks = 0;
  num_updated_if_blocks = 0;
  num_removed_blocks = 0;
  life_data_ok = (x_life_data_ok != 0);

  /* Free up basic_block_for_insn so that we don't have to keep it
     up to date, either here or in merge_blocks_nomove.  */
  free_basic_block_vars (1);

  /* Compute postdominators if we think we'll use them.  */
  post_dominators = NULL;
  if (HAVE_conditional_execution || life_data_ok)
    {
      post_dominators = sbitmap_vector_alloc (n_basic_blocks, n_basic_blocks);
      calculate_dominance_info (NULL, post_dominators, CDI_POST_DOMINATORS);
    }

  /* Record initial block numbers.  */
  for (block_num = 0; block_num < n_basic_blocks; block_num++)
    SET_ORIG_INDEX (BASIC_BLOCK (block_num), block_num);

  /* Go through each of the basic blocks looking for things to convert.  */
  for (block_num = 0; block_num < n_basic_blocks; )
    {
      basic_block bb = BASIC_BLOCK (block_num);
      if (find_if_header (bb))
	block_num = bb->index;
      else
	block_num++;
    }

  if (post_dominators)
    sbitmap_vector_free (post_dominators);

  if (rtl_dump_file)
    fflush (rtl_dump_file);

  /* Rebuild life info for basic blocks that require it.  */
  if (num_removed_blocks && life_data_ok)
    {
      sbitmap update_life_blocks = sbitmap_alloc (n_basic_blocks);
      sbitmap_zero (update_life_blocks);

      /* If we allocated new pseudos, we must resize the array for sched1.  */
      if (max_regno < max_reg_num ())
	{
	  max_regno = max_reg_num ();
	  allocate_reg_info (max_regno, FALSE, FALSE);
	}

      for (block_num = 0; block_num < n_basic_blocks; block_num++)
	if (UPDATE_LIFE (BASIC_BLOCK (block_num)))
	  SET_BIT (update_life_blocks, block_num);

      clear_aux_for_blocks ();
      count_or_remove_death_notes (update_life_blocks, 1);
      /* ??? See about adding a mode that verifies that the initial
	set of blocks don't let registers come live.  */
      update_life_info (update_life_blocks, UPDATE_LIFE_GLOBAL,
			PROP_DEATH_NOTES | PROP_SCAN_DEAD_CODE
			| PROP_KILL_DEAD_CODE);

      sbitmap_free (update_life_blocks);
    }
  else
    clear_aux_for_blocks ();

  /* Write the final stats.  */
  if (rtl_dump_file && num_possible_if_blocks > 0)
    {
      fprintf (rtl_dump_file,
	       "\n%d possible IF blocks searched.\n",
	       num_possible_if_blocks);
      fprintf (rtl_dump_file,
	       "%d IF blocks converted.\n",
	       num_updated_if_blocks);
      fprintf (rtl_dump_file,
	       "%d basic blocks deleted.\n\n\n",
	       num_removed_blocks);
    }

#ifdef ENABLE_CHECKING
  verify_flow_info ();
#endif
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using FluentAssertions.Execution;

namespace FluentAssertions.Primitives
{
    ///
    /// Contains a number of methods to assert that a nullable <see cref="DateTime"/> or <see cref="DateTimeOffset"/> is in the expected state.
    ///
    /// <remarks>
    /// You can use the <see cref="FluentDateTimeExtensions"/> for a more fluent way of specifying a <see cref="DateTime"/>.
    /// </remarks>
    [DebuggerNonUserCode]
    public class NullableDateTimeAssertions : DateTimeAssertions
    {
        public NullableDateTimeAssertions(DateTime? expected)
            : base(expected)
        {
        }

        ///
        /// Asserts that a nullable <see cref="DateTime"/> value is not <c>null</c>.
        ///
        /// <param name="because">
        /// A formatted phrase as is supported by <see cref="string.Format(string,object[])"/> explaining why the assertion
        /// is needed. If the phrase does not start with the word because, it is prepended automatically.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="reasonArgs">
        /// Zero or more objects to format using the placeholders in <see cref="because"/>.
        /// </param>
        public AndConstraint<NullableDateTimeAssertions> HaveValue(string because = "", params object[] reasonArgs)
        {
            Execute.Assertion
                .ForCondition(Subject.HasValue)
                .BecauseOf(because, reasonArgs)
                .FailWith("Expected variable to have a value{reason}, but found {0}", Subject);

            return new AndConstraint<NullableDateTimeAssertions>(this);
        }

        ///
        /// Asserts that a nullable <see cref="DateTime"/> value is <c>null</c>.
        ///
        /// <param name="because">
        /// A formatted phrase as is supported by <see cref="string.Format(string,object[])"/> explaining why the assertion
        /// is needed. If the phrase does not start with the word because, it is prepended automatically.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="reasonArgs">
        /// Zero or more objects to format using the placeholders in <see cref="because"/>.
        /// </param>
        public AndConstraint<NullableDateTimeAssertions> NotHaveValue(string because = "", params object[] reasonArgs)
        {
            Execute.Assertion
                .ForCondition(!Subject.HasValue)
                .BecauseOf(because, reasonArgs)
                .FailWith("Did not expect variable to have a value{reason}, but found {0}", Subject);

            return new AndConstraint<NullableDateTimeAssertions>(this);
        }

        ///
        /// Asserts that the value is equal to the specified <paramref name="expected"/> value.
        ///
        /// <param name="expected">The expected value</param>
        /// <param name="because">
        /// A formatted phrase as is supported by <see cref="string.Format(string,object[])" /> explaining why the assertion
        /// is needed. If the phrase does not start with the word because, it is prepended automatically.
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="reasonArgs">
        /// Zero or more objects to format using the placeholders in <see cref="because" />.
        /// </param>
        public AndConstraint<DateTimeAssertions> Be(DateTime? expected, string because = "", params object[] reasonArgs)
        {
            Execute.Assertion
                .ForCondition(Subject == expected)
                .BecauseOf(because, reasonArgs)
                .FailWith("Expected {0}{reason}, but found {1}.", expected, Subject);

            return new AndConstraint<DateTimeAssertions>(this);
        }
    }
}


text:
Q: SvgAnimatedString missing method indexOf I am using d3.js together with angularjs. When use hyperlink in svg object(which rendered through angular directive), I am getting this error.

As per the doc here, svgAnimatedString doesn't have any specific method. How can I solve this. Can I inject a method or any other way.
Part of the code below. Thanks you.
svg.selectAll("a.node")
                        .data(data)
                        .enter().append("a")
                        .attr("class", "node")
                        .attr("xlink:href", "test")
                        .append("rect")

A: If you must deal with a library which doesn't handle SVG graphics, you can use something like the following to define split on the SVGAnimatedString.  Rinse and repeat for other string prototype methods.
 // Set a split prototype on the SVGAnimatedString object which will return the split of the baseVal on this
 // SVGAnimatedString instance
 SVGAnimatedString.prototype.split = function(){ return String.prototype.split.apply(this.baseVal, arguments); };

A: Various libraries have encountered this problem (i.e here). In SVG, when you try to get the href attribute of an anchor it returns an SVGAnimatedString. You get the actual string by using SVGAnimatedString.baseVal. I don't know how you can do this without patching Angular, but this will give you an idea of what is needed:
  this.$$rewriteAppUrl = function(absoluteLinkUrl) {
     if (absoluteLinkUrl.baseVal != null) {
        absoluteLinkUrl = absoluteLinkUrl.baseVal;
     }
    if(absoluteLinkUrl.indexOf(appBaseUrl) == 0) {
      return absoluteLinkUrl;
    }
  }

A: Here is a simple Shim to get it working with the existing code:
SVGAnimatedString.prototype.toString = function () { return this.baseVal; }

A: I have same problem without using d3. I'm using only pure SVG and appending it into DOM with angularJS controller. Problem isn't in d3. You can fix this problem with adding return false value into jQuery click event handler on elements that contains link.
Part of my SVG:
<g id="1" class="node">
<a xlink:title="title">
<polygon fill="#cccccc" stroke="#cccccc" points="25,-434 25,-457 98,-457 98,-434 25,-434"></polygon>
<polygon fill="none" stroke="black" points="25,-434 25,-457 98,-457 98,-434 25,-434"></polygon>
<text text-anchor="start" x="29.5" y="-442.3" font-family="Arial" font-size="14.00">title</text>
<polygon fill="transparent" stroke="black" points="25,-412 25,-434 98,-434 98,-412 25,-412"></polygon>
<text text-anchor="start" x="37" y="-419.8" font-family="Arial" font-size="14.00">title</text>
</a>
</g>

jQuery overloading method:
$('g.node').click(function (element) {
   return false;
});

Hope this helps...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


There is something missing from this thing we are calling a recovery. For most in the US it does not feel like a recovery, and for good reason: the jobs aren't there. But for some groups it is a recovery, and more. And that reveals an even bigger problem. Today, in a summer-shortened Thoughts from the Frontline, we look at the trends in employment as well as take note of a signpost we passed on the way to finding out that we can't pay for all the future entitlements we have been promised. It's a short letter but hopefully thought-provoking.


text:
How Did The Senate Handle Witnesses For Clinton's Impeachment Trial?
Rules for Clinton's impeachment trial passed the Senate 100-0. But that doesn't mean there weren't any disagreements on what should happen.
Article by Stephanie Liebergen
In preparing for President Donald Trump's impeachment trial, witnesses have been a key point of disagreement. So how did lawmakers handle that issue during the Clinton impeachment trial?
"A majority of the Senate has decided that the first phase of an impeachment trial should track closely with the unanimous bipartisan precedent that all 100 senators supported for the first phase of the Clinton trial back in 1999," Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell said.
The resolution that spelled out the rules for Clinton's trial did pass the Senate 100-0. But that doesn't mean there weren't any disagreements on what should happen.
"Now indeed is the time to stop the legal gymnastics and legal hairsplitting and to deal with these charges and these facts appropriately. As a House Manager, I believe I can speak for all of us out of a sense of fairness and again request that we and the president be permitted to call witnesses," Rep. Ed Bryant said in 1999.
"The House Managers submit witnesses are essential to give heightened credence to whatever judgement the Senate chooses to make on each of the articles of impeachment against President Clinton," Rep. Jim Sensenbrenner said in 1999.
The Clinton rules gave both sides 24 hours to present their case, but they weren't allowed to introduce new information. Then time was allotted for senators to ask questions, and after that both sides were allowed to submit motions to subpoena witnesses or present new evidence.
So it wasn't until three weeks after President Clinton's impeachment trial began that the Senate directly addressed the issue of witnesses. In a 54-44 vote, the Senate passed a resolution approving subpoenas for three people: Sidney Blumenthal, Monica Lewinsky, and Vernon Jordan.
The rules required all three to be deposed behind closed doors first, and ultimately none of them testified live before the Senate. Instead, portions of the videotaped depositions were played during the trial.
Sen. McConnell says he has the votes to approve rules for President Trump's trial. He says they're based on the "Clinton model," but he hasn't released the text of his proposed resolution.
Latest in Impeachment
Former Secretary Of Defense Blames Trump For Riot
Chris Miller made the statement in an interview with "VICE on Showtime."
By Evan Vucci / AP
FBI Director To Testify About Capitol Riot
Lawmakers are expected to press the FBI director on how the agency prepared for the riot.
By Sarah Silbiger / Pool Getty Images North America / AP
Nebraska Republican Party Rebukes Sen. Sasse
Sen. Sasse voted to convict Donald Trump in his second impeachment trial.
By Drew Angerer / AP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Out of current brand valuation theory and practice, some consensus on brand valuation emerges. This has been distilled into a tested and recommended brand valuation framework and will be described. The review of the different approaches to brand valuation demonstrates that the approach needs to integrate marketing and financial analyses without sacrificing one to the other. In line with corporate finance theory, as well as capital market and industry practice, the main valuation approach should be a NPV of future expected brand earnings. The valuation approach needs to focus on the specific value creation of the brand to be assessed. The use of comparables including royalties, as well as transactions, should be confined to cross-check analyses and not constitute the main approach. Cost approaches are only appropriate in situations where the brand has not yet been used, or has had no measurable impact on the market. This section develops, out of empirical experience and the review of the currently used methods, a best-practice approach to brand valuation. The recommended valuation approach should comprise five key steps as shown in Figure 7.1.


Hi, we released of the new 7.6 version of EasyMail7 and we want to introduce you into the new features and improvements of this version.
The main addition is the ability to integrate EasyMail7 with hundreds of best-in-breed web services through Zapier. With Zapier you can easily connect EasyMail7 to other applications you use like Gmail, Google Docs, Salesforce, Shopify, Highrise, PayPal, and whole lot more.
Thus, you can automatically add any "new contact" in Salesforce or any new customer from a PayPal sale to the EasyMail7 contact group. In addition, you can subscribe and unsubscribe contacts in the EasyMail7 groups through Zapier.
Added: internal css inliner (doesn't work on Windows XP with the Internet Explorer v8).
Added: "Disable blocks" option to the Edit Message window.
Added: Bounce Handler reports statistics about bounce emails to the "Email Statistics Overview" in the Outbox.
Fixed: the program stopped responding if you had two messages open at the same time trying to copy text from one message to another.
Improved: speed of connecting and opening an address book with a large amount of groups.
Click here to download the free v7.6 version of EasyMail7.
If you have a paid license, download your licensed 7.6 version of EasyMail7 here.
Important! Make sure you always update both EasyMail7 Server and Client to the latest version to avoid errors and wrong functionality of the program.


Big Data: The Newest Political Campaigning Tool - dataxu, inc.
Tarya Wadhwa has a great article up on the Huffington Post, How Big Data Could Determine the Winner of Today's Election, that looks at the use of Big Data by the presidential campaigns to create targeted messages to specific audiences–right down to the individual level. With an estimated $78 million spent on online advertising by the two presidential candidates (which is a 251% increase from the online spend in 2008), it's clear that using big data to connect with voters is a new favorite tactic of both major parties.
This is certain to be a closely analyzed topic now that the election is over and as campaign spending is broken down (we did just see the most expensive presidential campaign in history, after all), and it will be interesting to see what conclusions are drawn around the effectiveness of highly target digital advertising.
You can read the full article here. Did you see evidence of Big Data in any of the marketing you saw from any of the campaigns this election cycle? Share your examples in the comments!


text:
COMMONWEALTH vs. BARBARA FELTON.
16 Mass. App. Ct. 63
Present: BROWN, ROSE, & DREBEN, JJ.
This court reversed convictions of assault by means of a dangerous weapon and assault and battery on a police officer, where a prior conviction of the defendant of assault and battery by means of a dangerous weapon had been introduced at trial to impeach the defendant's credibility despite a representation made by the prosecutor before trial that he would not introduce prior convictions, and where the prosecutor in his argument unfairly emphasized the similarity between the offenses charged and the prior conviction. [66]
COMPLAINTS received and sworn to in the Third Eastern Middlesex Division of the District Court Department on October 6, 1981.
The cases were tried in the jury session of that court before Hassett, J.
Ellen A. Howard for the defendant.
Claudia R. Sullivan, Assistant District Attorney, for the Commonwealth.
BROWN, J. The defendant appeals from her convictions on complaints charging assault by means of a dangerous weapon and assault and battery on a police officer.
The defendant, a sixty year old retired college teacher, is a so called "bag lady." On the evening of August 21, 1981, while in the process of cooking clams on her portable stove in the rear parking lot of a bank building in the Central Square area of Cambridge, she was accosted by seven or eight children. Police officers arrived on the scene and ordered the youths "to get out of the area." At this time there was a confrontation between the defendant and the
police officers. Although there is conflicting evidence concerning the next sequence of events, there is no question that the jury reasonably could have concluded that the defendant committed the offenses with which she had been charged.
At an unrecorded lobby conference held prior to the presentation of the case, the prosecutor notified the defense counsel and the judge that he would not introduce prior convictions of the defendant because, as he later restated it, he "didn't consider any of those convictions to be complaints that went to her basic veracity." No motion was filed at this point. The defense counsel called the defendant to the stand and elicited her version of the incident. On cross-examination by the Commonwealth the defendant testified as follows:
"The picture of me, sixty years old, I weigh one hundred and thirty pounds, being aggressive, which I am not anyway, to two large, young, male officers, just boggles my mind. That they would say that they did things as gross as put me down on the ground to hold me down?"
In response to a further question whether she denied that the police officers had to hold her down, the defendant stated, "I deny that they put me on the ground." After a few more questions, the prosecutor asked for a bench conference. The jury were excused, and a hearing was held on the prosecutor's request to introduce a prior conviction. The defense counsel objected, asserting that he had put the defendant on the stand, relying on the prosecutor's representation that he would not introduce her prior convictions. Compare Commonwealth v. Diaz, 383 Mass. 73 , 81-82 (1981). Defense counsel added that use of the prior conviction at this juncture "would do irreparable harm," as "[t]here is no way that I can take her off the stand." Nevertheless, the judge granted the prosecutor's request. The prosecutor began by asking the following:
"[D]o you recall you volunteered that you thought that this was in a sense rather `farcial [sic], unusual farcial,' that you would [be] depicted in such a violent or assaultive or dangerous fashion?"
After the defendant responded in the affirmative, the prosecutor continued:
"Ma'am, I want to ask you, then if you're the same Barbara Felton of who it is complainded [sic] that on May 8, 1980, that you assaulted Sonia Roberts by means of a dangerous weapon, to wit: a hatchet, and you in fact, ma'am, were found guilty in this Court and sentenced in this Court by Judge Sherman in December of 1980. Are you that Barbara Felton?"
After evincing some confusion about the question, the defendant acknowledged that she was that person. Soon after the conviction was introduced, the defendant concluded her testimony, and closing arguments were given. In argument the prosecutor emphasized that the prior conviction was introduced solely for the purpose of showing "that she's not telling you the whole truth, [be]cause non-violent, non-assaultive, non-dangerous people don't do these things and get convicted."
While the defense counsel objected to the ruling allowing the prosecutor to impeach the defendant with a prior conviction, he failed to object either to the manner in which the prosecutor introduced the prior conviction or to the prosecutor's closing argument. [Note 1] The judge gave a limiting instruction in her charge to the effect that evidence of a prior conviction has no bearing "on the question of guilt or innocence, only on the question of credibility."
The Commonwealth must keep its promises. See Commonwealth v. Benton, 356 Mass. 447 , 448 (1969); Commonwealth v. Harris, 364 Mass. 236 , 238 (1973). Pursuant to G. L. c. 233, Section 21, the conviction of a crime may be used to impeach the credibility of a witness. Although there is no precise record of what the promise was here, the prosecutor represented that he would not introduce the prior convictions because he did not consider them "to be complaints that went to her basic veracity."
Even if the judge's ruling were correct, the manner in which the prosecutor used the defendant's prior conviction "violated both the letter and the spirit of G. L. c. 233, Section 21." Commonwealth v. Roberts, 378 Mass. 116 , 127 (1979). The prosecutor here unfairly emphasized the similarity betweeen the offenses charged and the prior conviction. See United States v. Harding, 525 F.2d 84, 90 (7th Cir. 1975). Juxtaposing a prior conviction with questions concerning matters to which the conviction was not unrelated gave that conviction substantive effect and went beyond the impeachment purpose allowed by the statute. See Commonwealth v. Roberts, 378 Mass. at 126. See also United States v. Carter, 482 F.2d 738, 740 (D.C. Cir. 1973); United States v. Henry, 528 F.2d 661, 667 (D.C. Cir. 1976). We recognize that in certain circumstances a prosecutor may deliver "a hard blow" (Commonwealth v. Walter, 10 Mass. App. Ct. 255 , 263 [1980]), but we think that all blows must be delivered fairly. It cannot be said too often that the Commonwealth must "take care to behave itself." Commonwealth v. Tirrell, 382 Mass. 502 , 513 (1981) (Kaplan, J., dissenting).
In sum, a new trial is warranted because of the prosecutor's original promise and the juxtaposition of the prior conviction with the defendant's testimony. Unlike Commonwealth v. Roberts, supra, and Commonwealth v. Leno, 374 Mass. 716 , 718-719 (1978), there was no immediate limiting instruction given. As to the efficacy of limiting instructions in similar circumstances, see United States v. Carter, 482 F.2d at 740-741.
Judgments reversed.
Verdicts set aside.
[Note 1] In view of the opinion of the Supreme Judicial Court in Commonwealth v. Diaz, 383 Mass. 73 , 80 (1981), and the cases cited therein, we think that the initial objection was sufficent in these circumstances to raise on appeal all the questions presented by the prosecutor's use of the prior conviction.