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Daveed Diggs Jr – You Didn't Know This
The Plot of Daveed Diggs JrDaveed Diggs Jr
On a train that never ever stops, the last humans alive live in a world of their own. The train is divided into classes, where the lower class lives in squalor while the upper class takes pleasure in the best life needs to offer. When Curtis, a member of the lower class, discovers of a plot to topple the elite and take control of the train for themselves, he must choose whether or not to sign up with in. With the help of his good friends and a not likely ally, Curtis will have to combat his way to the front of the train if he desires any chance at conserving humanity.
Jennifer Connelly and Daveed Diggs star alongside Mickey Sumner, Alison Wright, Iddo Goldberg, Susan Park, Katie McGuinness, Sam Otto, Sheila Vand, Mike O'Malley, Annalise Basso, Jaylin Fletcher, Lena Hall and Roberto Urbina. Steven Ogg, Rowan Blanchard, and Sean Bean signed up with the primary cast in the second season and both Chelsea Harris and Archie Panjabi joined the main cast in the 3rd season.
Rowan Blanchard is a young starlet who is quickly rising to popularity. She is best understood for her function as Riley Matthews on the Disney Channel program Girl Fulfills World. Rowan has been applauded for her performing abilities and her capability to inspire other girls. She is also included in social advocacy and speaks out about important concerns like feminism and racial variety. The very first season of the show was launched on Netflix on May 26, 2015. It was produced by ABC Studios and stars Rowan Blanchard, Ben Savage, Sabrina Carpenter, Vincent Martella, Peyton Meyer and Mitchell Hope.
Jennifer Connelly is an Academy Award-winning actress who started her profession as a teen in modeling and commercials. She made her movie launching in 1984's "Maze" and continued to work gradually in films throughout the '90s and '80s. Connelly garnered vital praise for her efficiencies in "A Lovely Mind" (2001 ), for which she won an Oscar, and "Requiem for a Dream" (2000 ). In recent years, she has actually starred in such movies as "He's Simply Not That Into You" (2009) and "Wrath of the Titans" (2012 ).
In Daveed Diggs, we see an artist who defies categorization. He is a rapper, a vocalist, an actor, and an author, and he has managed to master all of these fields. His work is both innovative and effective, and it has actually won him important honor and a large following.
In high school, he joined the drama club and began acting. After finishing from Brown University in 2004, he moved to New York City and began working as a star.
Sean Bean is an English actor best understood for his functions in the tv series "Sharpe" and the movies "Goldeneye," "The Lord of the Rings," and "Video game of Thrones." Born in Sheffield, England, Bean started his acting career in 1987 with a role in the Royal Shakespeare Business's production of "Antony and Cleopatra." He has considering that starred in various films and tv series, making a reputation as one of Hollywood's most flexible actors.
Snowpiercer is a 2013 American sci-fi action film based on the French graphic unique Le Transperceneige by Jacques Lob, Benjamin Legrand and Jean-Marc Rochette. The film was directed by Bong Joon-ho, and composed by Kelly Masterson. It stars Chris Evans, Song Kang-ho, Tilda Swinton, Jamie Bell, Octavia Spencer, John Hurt and Ed Harris. Set in a future where a failed climate-change experiment has killed all life in the world other than for those aboard the Snowpiercer, a train that travels around the globe, the film follows its travelers as they battle for their survival. Daveed Diggs Jr
The series will follow the survivors who reside on the train as they attempt to restore society.
The world is about to change. A new post-apocalyptic society has been created, where the only method to make it through is by riding the tracks of a massive train that circles the globe. The passengers of this train are divided into classes: the rich elites, who live in high-end on the upper levels; and the rest of the travelers, who live on floors listed below in squalor. On board this train are a diverse group of characters, all having a hard time to discover a location they can call home.
On a train that never ever stops, the last human beings alive live in a world of their own. The train is divided into classes, where the lower class lives in squalor while the upper class delights in the best life has to use. When Curtis, a member of the lower class, finds out of a plot to take and overthrow the elite control of the train for themselves, he must decide whether or not to sign up with in. Set in a future where a failed climate-change experiment has killed all life on the world except for those aboard the Snowpiercer, a train that travels around the world, the film follows its travelers as they combat for their survival.
The guests of this train are divided into classes: the wealthy elites, who live in luxury on the upper levels; and the rest of the travelers, who live on floorings below in squalor.
Microdosing Daveed Diggs – You Didn't Know This
Daveed Diggs Jane Goodwin – You Didn't Know This


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English Premier League odds, predictions, picks, schedule for Matchday 31: Advanced model reveals best bets
erangadot
Thursday's three-game slate in the English Premier League is highlighted by a massive showdown between Chelsea and Manchester City. Chelsea is fighting to maintain its position in the top-four, which will guarantee the Blues a spot in next season's Champions League. Manchester City, meanwhile, currently sits in second place in the English Premier League standings, 23 points behind Liverpool. Chelsea enters Thursday's match having won three consecutive games across all competitions, while Manchester City has won seven of its last eight fixtures. Kick-off between Chelsea and Manchester City is set for 3:15 p.m. ET.
The latest EPL odds from William Hill list Manchester City as a -129 money line favorite (risk $129 to win $100), while Chelsea is going off at +320. Meanwhile, oddsmakers are expecting an extremely competitive match when Southampton hosts Arsenal at 1 p.m. ET. William Hill lists Southampton at +155 (risk $100 to win $155), while Arsenal is being listed at +175 in the latest English Premier League odds. Before you lock in your English Premier League picks or predictions for Thursday, see what SportsLine's proprietary soccer model has to say.
Created by two Norwegians — professional poker player and sports bettor Jonas Gjelstad, and economics and engineering expert Marius Norheim — the model analyzes worldwide betting data and exploits market inefficiencies, helping its followers cash in. Over the last three years, the algorithm is up an eye-popping 13,800 percent.
The model also made some huge calls in the English Premier League over the weekend, correctly predicting the profitable draw between Tottenham and Manchester United (+240), as well as Southampton's (+120) victory over Norwich City, Wolves (+110) beating West Ham, Chelsea (-200) topping Aston Villa and Manchester City (-850) cruising past Burnley.
Now, the model has set its sights on this week's Premier League fixtures and revealed its picks for every match over at SportsLine.
Top English Premier League predictions for Matchday 31
The model is leaning over 2.5 goals in Thursday's showdown between Chelsea and Manchester City. Pep Guardiola's side suffered a devastating blow on Monday, losing striker Sergio Aguero to a knee injury that required surgery. Aguero suffered the injury in the first half of Manchester City's 5-0 win over Burnley. Aguero has scored 16 goals in league play this season, but Manchester City features a plethora of playmakers who can contribute. Midfielder Kevin De Bruyne has been involved in a Premier League-high 25 goals this season, with nine goals and 16 assists.
Chelsea, meanwhile, has scored two or more goals in eight of its last 10 games. In addition, Frank Lampard's side has struggled to keep teams off the scoreboard this season. In fact, Chelsea has recorded just one shutout in its last 11 Premier League games, one of the main reasons the model is leaning towards the over on Thursday.
How to make English Premier League picks for Matchday 31
The model has also revealed strong money line picks for every English Premier League match this week. You absolutely need to see them before you lock in your own picks.
So who should you back on Matchday 31? And where does all the betting value lie? Visit SportsLine now to find out which side of the money line has all the value in every English Premier League match, all from the proprietary European soccer model that's up an eye-popping 13,800 percent.
English Premier League schedule
Burnley vs. Watford, 1 p.m. ET
Southampton vs. Arsenal, 1 p.m. ET
Chelsea vs. Manchester City, 3:15 p.m. ET
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This past Sunday, March 11th, we hosted our first styling seminar here in the shop. We partnered with bloggers Anne of Curls and Contours and Liz of With Wonder and Whimsy to plan a wardrobe workshop for HIPS customers. You might recognize Anne and Liz from our social channels as they help manage our social media and model our apparel. Their Spring Styling Seminar taught us three different outfit formulas for the upcoming season. We learned that it's great to have outfit formulas in the back of your mind for those days when you look at a full closet but still feel like you have nothing to wear.
Click through to the full post for a photo recap of the seminar, complete with our favorite styling tips we learned throughout the day!


Georgia Bulldogs cornerback Brandon Boykin was recognized Monday as the nation's most versatile player, winning the 2011 Paul Hornung Award from the Louisville Sports Commission.
Boykin beat out Arkansas' Joe Adams, Oregon's LaMichael James and Toledo's Eric Page for the award, now in its second season. The Georgia senior will be honored Feb. 2 at a banquet in Louisville, Ky.
"It's rare for a modern-day college football player to perform at a high level in all three phases of the game, especially in an elite conference," said football legend Paul Hornung, for whom the award is named. "From what I've seen of Brandon Boykin, he is willing to do whatever it takes to help his team win games. That's how I played the game. Brandon Boykin is a deserving winner of the Paul Hornung Award."
Boykin was a second-team All-SEC honoree at cornerback, totaling 55 tackles, 11 tackles for loss and three interceptions. He also returned kicks -- totaling 850 kickoff return yards and 180 punt return yards -- and chipped in on offense. He rushed for 73 yards and a touchdown and caught five passes for 71 yards and two scores -- including the go-ahead touchdown in the fourth quarter of the Jan. 2 Outback Bowl loss to Michigan State.
"There are not many players who have the skill sets Brandon possesses and he's certainly the model of what the Hornung Award represents," Georgia coach Mark Richt said. "I wish I had three of him. He could start on offense, defense and special teams. He's an outstanding person as well, a great leader and a great Georgia man. We have been blessed to have him as a Georgia Bulldog."
Boykin will next represent Georgia in the Senior Bowl on Jan. 28 as he prepares for the NFL draft. He considered entering the draft after his junior season but decided last January to return for a final season.
"My experience at Georgia has changed my life in so many positive ways and allowed me to be considered for such a prestigious honor," Boykin said. "Being a Georgia Bulldog has helped groom me into the individual I am on and off the field. Winning the Paul Hornung Award is an amazing accomplishment and one that I will forever cherish as one of my greatest accomplishments.
"I am humbled by the fact that I was selected as the winner by Mr. Hornung and everyone else involved with the selection process. I would like to thank my teammates, coaches, fans and the entire Georgia program for helping me to achieve this incredible achievement."
David Ching covers University of Georgia athletics for DawgNation.


In a perfect world, our churches would have all the financial means to employ ginormous staffs who can serve both the people in our congregations and the communities around us. We'd have people hired to teach Bible studies geared specifically to certain age groups. We'd have communications experts who could craft social media posts to reach all the people in our communities to draw them to our churches. We'd have it all. But as we all know, the world isn't perfect, and our churches can't always afford to hire people to fill each role we need to do the ministry God has called us to do. That doesn't mean, however, that God doesn't provide exactly what we need to accomplish what He wants with what we've got.
While we're limited in the number of people we can afford to pay to work at our churches, those people are not limited in what they can accomplish. While most of us have one or two areas we really feel called to serve in, we know that most of the time we need to wear multiple hats in order to serve the church effectively. These roles are not always things we are perfectly skilled and trained in, but that does not mean we can't do them.
I've worked for two different churches so far in my career, and in both congregations, the position I was hired for has only ended up being a small portion of what I do day to do. In my current position, I work as the director of worship. Some of my main responsibilities are to choose music and musicians for each week, lead rehearsals, and work with the pastors and other worship leaders to shape our Sunday morning services. In the year that I've been here, however, I have also taken on a lot of other responsibilities that don't necessarily fall under my job description. I've been creating videos for use in worship and on social media, I've helped lead Bible studies, and I assist with youth ministry.
It's helpful to have staff that can do more than just one thing, but perhaps you're saying to yourself, "That's just not me. I don't know how to edit videos, or lead Bible studies, or work with youth." While I think some people are just naturally gifted in certain areas, anyone can pick up different skills the church needs just by taking the time and putting in some effort. Especially with the internet, there are countless ways to continue learning in different areas useful for ministry. My hope is to give you some ideas on how to find those places.
For many of us working in the church, we have the desire to understand our faith more fully and to be able to pass that faith on in ways that are understandable. Lots of us have great educations from highly respectable universities, but even then, you can't learn everything there is to know about our faith in four years of undergrad. You'll have to look for other outlets to continue building on that theological foundation that was poured in those four years.
If you've ever wished you had more theological training but don't feel called to pastoral or deaconess ministry, you may want to check out some of the resources our LCMS seminaries are putting out. On both the Fort Wayne seminary and St. Louis seminary websites, you can find all sorts of blog articles, podcasts, and videos that help you dig into your faith. They can be very helpful if there's a certain topic you want to know more about but want to stay close to our Lutheran perspective. One of my favorite resources from St. Louis is a pre-seminary course recorded by Dr. Joel Biermann, professor of systematic theology, that goes through tons of topics of our faith. I love being able to look up a topic and learn what our seminaries teach about it.
Great Christian publishers like Concordia Publishing House do a lot more than just publish amazing books. They also provide congregations with resources to continue learning and teaching their people in new and interesting ways. A lot of us learn better in a digital format than we do by reading. CPH FaithCourses provides videos that help you dig deeper into some of their books and books of the Bible, and give you a new way to take in the information. One of the books they currently offer a study for is Will the Real Jesus Please Stand Up? by Rev. Dr. Matthew Richard.
I do a decent amount of driving to and from work, and I also have been trying to keep myself in shape by running regularly. For the past few years, there have been some really good podcasts that I listen to during both of these activities that seem to make the time fly by. Two of my favorite podcasts are produced by 1517. The first is a podcast called The Thinking Fellows, which explores one topic per show, ranging from apologetics to doctrines of the church to great leaders of the faith. I listen to this podcast because I learn so much about topics I had not heard of, and I get a deeper understanding and a lot of the background behind what we as Christians believe. The second podcast by 1517 that I listen to is called Ringside. On Ringside, three Lutheran pastors discuss a variety of topical and theological ideas. They tend to be humorous and yet make you think and grow in your knowledge of the faith.
Knowing theology is important for church workers, but it's not the only bit of information they need. Many of us went into church work because we love people and want them to know the love of Christ. But just loving people doesn't mean we know much about staying organized, dealing with difficult personalities, or shaping staffing structures. Many of these topics are things we as the church can learn from people in the secular world, and we can find a way to use what we learn in an environment that is filtered through our faith and trust in Jesus. I don't love sitting down and reading books, but when I'm not listening to podcasts during my drives and runs, I'm most likely listening to audiobooks. There are places like Amazon where you can pay a monthly subscription fee and find nearly any audiobook you can think of, but I tend to go the cheaper route and use my local library.
Using the smartphone application Libby, I can log in using my local library card and browse through tons of ebooks and audiobooks that my library provides and check them out as I would a normal book. I have listened to some very helpful books, such as The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey and Good to Great by Jim Collins, taking some of the ideas for corporate leaders on how to lead their companies and work with people, and applying those ideas to ministry.
Churches tend to be able to find workers who have the theological and many times even managerial skills and knowledge needed to run a church. But the area where I've seen the most need tends to be in technology. Many churches have seen the benefits of adding technology to the way we do ministry, reaching more people in creative ways with the Gospel than ever before. We have some amazing pastors sharing the Gospel in videos on social media and through podcasts. But not all of our churches have staff members who have experience in making things like videos and podcasts. Thankfully, the internet is full of helpful lessons on how to do these things at all levels of sophistication.
For many of us, if we're trying to figure out how to fix a lighting fixture in our house, we'll turn to YouTube to find a demonstration of how to do it. Well, the same is done for learning how to use technology in the church. For example, many of us can see how useful it is to know how to create videos to share our messages with the people around us and on social media, and companies like Pro Church Tools have entire series of lessons free on YouTube teaching how to do just that.
While YouTube is great, being free and all, finding good lessons can be hit or miss sometimes. You may watch a fifteen-minute video thinking it's on the topic you're searching for, but it sometimes ends up not covering the topic like you'd hoped it would. If you (or your church) can afford it, a more complete solution might be to get a subscription to a website like Lynda.com. On Lynda.com, you can find thousands of high quality lessons on a variety of topics such as videography, design, music, web development, and much more. The lessons are well organized and taught by respected professionals in those fields. You can even find courses that teach the ins and outs of a particular software, like Adobe Photoshop. The pitfall to Lynda.com is the price, which is about $30 per month, but if you're looking to gain skills to keep your church on the cutting edge and to find new and creative ways to share the Gospel, there's no better place I know of to learn them.
Join the conversation as we live-chat with Andrew about how church workers can keep learning new skills.


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Locking Up and Abusing Brown Children is Exactly Who We Are
Witnessing the horrors our nation is currently inflicting on people arriving at our southern border who are fleeing calamities and seeking refuge, Americans occasionally express the thought that "this is not who we are." Or, "America is better than this."
I can understand the sentiment and its underlying impulse. We want to believe that we are not capable of such atrocities.
But this is a denial of the realities of our national history, and it prevents us from the necessary self-reflection that would allow us to identify the selfishness and the various idolatries that drive us to inflict such horrors, or to tolerate them.
Our national history reveals that this is precisely who we are.
Jill Lepore's new history of the United States, These Truths, is an unflinching account of how our founding fathers regarded British rule as "slavery," and pursued independence. Our national founding documents speak of "self-evident" truths that "all men are created equal," with inalienable rights. But our nation has never treated all people equally.
The men who regarded British rule as "slavery," also enslaved African people, broke up black families and committed many other unspeakable atrocities. Our nation stole lands from native people, reneged on treaties with them, massacred them and drove them west, cruelly forcing them from their homes, with many people dying of exposure and hunger.
Our nation prevented women from voting and shamed them for speaking publicly.
Our nation stole land from Mexico.
Our national story is one of the horrifying mistreatment of black and brown people by white people. For the founders and for generations after them, "all men were created equal" applied to certain white men, since they regarded women, black and brown people as less than fully human.
All of this was driven by the idolatry of imagining that the Christian God had a special relationship with our nation (i.e., white Europeans) that allowed us to enslave people and take land from others ("savages"). Our nation has always been motivated by a selfish desire for wealth and property.
Most profoundly troubling to me, and an ongoing personal crisis, is that my inherited Christian tradition is complicit in all of this.
Though it troubled their consciences, white European Christians enslaved Africans and brought them to this land for the purpose of enriching and expanding European and British empires. After the nation's founding, white Christians maintained slavery in order to sustain a strong national economy.
White Christians evangelized the black people they enslaved. When black people pointed out from Scripture that enslaving them was a sin against the God of the Bible, white slave-owners interpreted Scripture to endorse slavery and then made it illegal to teach black people to read.
When black people pointed to the founding national documents ("all men are created equal") to demonstrate that slavery was hypocritical, white people wrote into the Constitution that black people were less than human.
Our current treatment of people arriving at our southern border as less than human is motivated by the idolatries to which our nation has always chosen to be blind. It is driven by nothing else but the selfish desire to protect accumulated wealth and property for ourselves.
When we behold the horrors we are inflicting on people on our southern border, we ought to realize that this is precisely who we are and who we have always been.
But this is not who we must be.
Christian Scripture speaks of the hope of renewal and restoration through repentance. And we can only repent from idolatry and selfishness when we recognize the hold that these have on us. Repentance involves identifying and confessing sin, speaking frankly about our shared national past and the ongoing injustices in which we all participate. Owning these realities is a necessary beginning.
Uncategorizedtimgombis7 comments
Why I Talk About 'Social Justice'
7 thoughts on "Locking Up and Abusing Brown Children is Exactly Who We Are"
The Barrow Boy
Wow, Tim, I didn't expect that when I received the post notification! I know how hard it is to say these things in the U.S. I'm English and it's just as hard to say them there too! We were doing this stuff long before you guys declared your independence from us. I was raised Anglican, and the Church of England owned the biggest slave plantation in the Caribbean. I've lived in Latin America for nearly 40 years, surrounded by the fruits of the Monroe Doctrine. May the Lord give you and yours the grace to work through these things.
Laura J Hunt (@Lauraj222)
Thank you for these words that express eloquently and with examples my unformed sense that this was the case.
Dale Gish
Thank you, Tim, for wrestling with these things on our behalf and inviting us into truthful repentance.
Pingback: Locking Up and Abusing Brown Children is Exactly Who We Are . . . Well, maybe not exactly « Fightin' Words
gjohnston2244
Being a member of several social media discussion groups for both actual and wannabe Christian clergy, I have followed links to many such public sermons in blogs across the internet. Although I sympathize with Tim Gombis's indignation and frustration with what is going on at our southern border, I am not convinced his exhortations are constructive towards solving the problem. In fact I suspect they confound it. These internet exhortations from Christians generally commit two fallacies that confuse the problem rather than pointing toward a real solution. (to continue, see link below)
https://gregjohnstonblog.wordpress.com/2019/06/29/locking-up-and-abusing-brown-children-is-exactly-who-we-are-well-maybe-not-exactly/
What I should have said is that any public participation by Christians in political controversy and public policy discussion must be done so first in love and lots of humility. I don't think Tim's article reflected either. And course my response was just as bad. I think my arguments were substantially correct, but I did not present them in the Spirit of Christ with a sufficiently constructive intent. Accordingly I failed to adopt a humble and gentle rhetoric in presenting those arguments.
Second, we need to be oh so circumspect in the argumentation and rhetoric we adopt in public discussion. And we need to be open to a critique of whatever arguments we present.
I apologize to Tim and his readers.
timgombis
Some tortured reasoning here. I do wonder if our contested cultural climate has led to such misreading.
Tim Gombis
Observations on biblical studies, books, movies, music, sports, culture, and anything and everything having to do with creatively and faithfully reflecting on and embodying Christian identity.


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Associations in ancient Rome
(Redirected from Associations in Ancient Rome)
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In ancient Rome, the principle of private association was recognized very early by the state. Sodalitates for religious purposes are mentioned in the XII Tables,[1] and collegia opificum, or trade guilds, were believed to have been instituted by Numa Pompilius, which probably means that they were regulated by the jus divinum as being associated with particular cults.
It can be difficult to distinguish between the two words collegium and sodalitas. Collegium is the wider of the two in meaning, and may be used for associations of all kinds, public and private, while sodalitas is more especially a union for the purpose of maintaining a cult. Both words indicate the permanence of the object undertaken by the association, while a societas is a temporary combination without strictly permanent duties.
Trade associationsEdit
The collegia opificum ascribed to Numa[2] include guilds of weavers, fullers, dyers, shoemakers, doctors, teachers, painters, and other occupations, as listed by Ovid in the Fasti.[3] Ovid says they were in origin associated with the cult of Minerva, the goddess of handiwork. Plutarch mentions flute-players, who were connected with the cult of Jupiter on the Capitol, as well as guilds of smiths, goldsmiths, tanners.
Though these guilds may not have had a religious purpose, like all early institutions they were associated with some religious cult, and in most cases the cult of Minerva. Almost all these collegia had their religious centre and business headquarters at her temple on the Aventine Hill. When a guild of poets was instituted during the Second Punic War, this too had its meeting-place in the same temple.
The purpose of the guild in each case was no doubt to protect and advance the interests of the trade, but little information for them exists until the age of Cicero, when they reappear in the form of political clubs (collegia sodalicia or compitalicia) chiefly with the object of securing the election of candidates for magistracies. The political collegia were suppressed by a senatus consultum in 64 BC, revived by Clodius six years later, and finally abolished by Julius Caesar, as dangerous to public order.
The principle of the trade guild reasserts itself under the Empire, and is found at work in Rome and in every municipal town. Though the right of permitting such associations belonged to the government, these trade guilds were recognized by the state as being instituted "ut necessariam operam publicis utilitatibus exhiberent" ("so that they might perform the necessary work of public 'utilities'," or useful public works).[4]
Every kind of trade and business throughout the Empire seems to have had its collegium, as is shown by the inscriptions collected in the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum from any Roman municipal town. These inscriptions provide important evidence for the life and work of the lower orders of the municipales. The primary object was no doubt still to protect the trade, but as time went on they tended to become associations for feasting and enjoyment, and more and more to depend on the munificence of patrons elected with the object of eliciting it.[5] How far they formed a basis or example for the guilds of the early Middle Ages is a difficult question (see Guild). Eventually, the trade associations supported the individual, lost as he was in the vast desert of the empire, some little society and enjoyment in life, and the certainty of funeral rites and a permanent memorial after death.
Religious associationsEdit
Associations formed for the maintenance of religious cults were usually called sodalitates, though the word collegium was also used for them, as in the case of the college of the Arval Brothers. Of the ancient Sodales Titii nothing is known until they were revived by Augustus; it may have been that when a gens or family charged with the maintenance of a particular cult had died out, its place was supplied by a sodalitas.[6]
The introduction of new cults also led to the institution of new associations. In 495 BC when the worship of Minerva was introduced, a collegium mercatorum was founded to maintain it, which held its feast on the dies natalis (dedication day) of the temple.[7] In 387 the ludi Capitolini were placed under the care of a similar association of dwellers on the Capitoline Hill. In 204 BC when the Magna Mater (Great Mother, or Cybele) was introduced from Pessinus, a sodalitas was instituted which, as Cicero notes,[8] used to feast together during the ludi Megalenses.
All such associations were duly licensed by the state, which at all times was vigilant in forbidding the maintenance of any which it deemed dangerous for religious or political reasons. In 186 BC the senate, by a decree of which part is preserved.,[9] made all combination for promoting the Bacchic religious rites strictly illegal. Legal sodalitates are frequent later; the temple of Venus Genetrix, begun by Julius Caesar and finished by Augustus, had its collegium.[10] Sodalilates were instituted for the cult of the deified emperors such as Augustus (see Augustales) and Claudius.
Burial associationsEdit
Main article: Burial society
Securing a proper burial was one motive for a working class person to belong to a trade guild. In the year 133 under Hadrian, the formation of collegia specifically for this purpose was recognized by law, preserved at the head of the regulations of a collegium instituted for the worship of Diana and Antinous at Lanuvium.[11] According to the Digest (47. 22), this was a general law allowing the founding of funerary associations, as long as the law against illicit collegia was complied with. The inscription of Lanuvium, together with many others, indicates that heir members were as a rule of the humblest classes of society, and often included slaves. Each member paid an entrance fee and a monthly subscription, and a funeral grant was made to his heir upon death in order to bury him in the burying-place of the college, or if they were too poor to construct one of their own, to secure burial in a public columbarium.
These colleges were organized along the same lines as the municipal towns of the empire. Their officers were elected, usually for a year, or in the case of honorary distinctions, for life. As in a municipal town, they held titles such as quinquennales, curatores, and praefecti. Quaestors superintended the finances of the association. Their place of meeting, if they were rich enough to have one, was called schola and was like a clubhouse. The site or the building was often given them by some rich patron, who was pleased to see his name engraved over its doorway.
The patroni increased in number, and more and more the colleges acquired the habit of depending on their benefactions. The inscriptions provide no evidence of whether the collegia also provided assistance to sick or infirm members. The only exceptions seem to be the military collegia, which, though strictly forbidden as dangerous to discipline, continued to increase in number in spite of the law. Inscriptions from the great legionary camps of the Roman province of Africa[12] show not only the existence of these clubs, but the way in which their funds were spent. It appears that they were applied to useful purposes in the life of a member as well as for his burial, e.g. to traveling expenses, or to his support after his discharge.[13]
DeclineEdit
As the Roman Empire became gradually impoverished and depopulated, and as the difficulty of defending its frontiers increased, these associations must have been slowly extinguished. The sudden invasion of Dacia by barbarians in AD 166 was followed by the extinction of one collegium which has left a record of the fact, and probably by many others. The master of the college of Jupiter Cernenius, with the two quaestors and seven witnesses, attest the fact that the college has ceased to exist: "The accounts have been wound up, and no balance is left in the chest. For a long time no member has attended on the days fixed for meetings, and no subscriptions have been paid.[14]
In addition to the works cited below, see Mommsen, De Collegiis et Sodaliciis (1843), which laid the foundation for all subsequent study of the subject; Marquardt, Staatsverwaltung, iii. 134 foIl.; de Marchi, Il culto privato di Roma antica, ii. 75 foll.; Kornemann, s. v. "Collegium" in Pauly-Wissowa, Realencyclopädie.
^ Gaius in Digest, 47. 22. 4
^ Plutarch Numa, 17
^ Ovid Fasti, ~ 819.
^ Digest, 50. 6. 6
^ Fuller information about them will be found in G Boissier, La Religion romaine d'Auguste aux Antonins, ii. 286 foll., and S Dill, Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius, pp. 264 foll.
^ Marquardt, Staatsverwaltung, iii. 134
^ Livy ii. 27. 5
^ Cicero, De Senectute 3. 45.
^ CIL i. 43
^ Pliny, N.H. ii. 93
^ "Qui stipem menstruam conferre volent in funera, in Id collegium coëant, neque sub specie ejus collegii nisi semel in mense coeant conferendi - causa unde defuncti sepeliantur": CIL xiv. 2112.
^ Cagnat, L'Armée romaine, 457 foll.
^ see especially CIL viii. 2552 foll.
^ Dill, op. cit. p. 285.
The Lanuvium Inscription
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Associations_in_ancient_Rome&oldid=872476965"


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Q: Why should we bypass DataSet when updating DB? 1)
a) Why is it preferable to bypass DataSet when updating, deleting or inserting records ( I realize using DataSet takes more CPU time and memory, but are there any other reasons besides that?! )?
b) Are direct updates faster than batch updates? Why?
c)  Why do Web services represent only real web application scenario in which it would make sense to perform batch updating through a DataSet?
2) We can use UpdateCommand to insert,delete or update rows in a database, so what is  the point of DataAdapter having InsertCommand,UpdateCommand and DeleteCommand  objects?
Why not just have one Command object instead of three ( or even four, since UpdateCommand could also be used for SELECT statements )?
thank you

A: 1) I disagree with the whole assumptions made for the question. Also note that b) is plain wrong.
2) because you want different queries to be executed for the different actions, and when you have a dataset loaded with changes you just want to do a simple call that will do all the insert,delete and udpates.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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You are here: Home / Newsroom / Jewish News / 'I'm Haredi, Lesbian, and Live With A Woman'
'I'm Haredi, Lesbian, and Live With A Woman'
August 27, 2015 /0 Comments/in Jewish News /by Joe Levin
About seven years ago I began anonymously publishing stories on an online forum for gay writers.
The combination of the site's obscurity and its blessed anonymity created a safe space in the complicated reality of life in the closet. Together we coped with dilemmas and hardships, and the feeling of solidarity made us feel less alone.
After a few months we decided to leave the walls of the internet and scheduled a meeting in public. The meeting itself was not particularly exciting and I have forgotten it. Most of the forum members did not surprise me or change what I thought about them, until she arrived. She apologized for being late and introduced herself humorously straight away.
She explained that the long skirt was not a courageous fashion statement in the middle of summer. That is, she was a lesbian and haredi.
I wanted to ask her a million questions, but I didn't know exactly where to start, so I just listened from the sidelines. I read her stories again after the meeting. They dealt with her inability to consummate her love for a woman. She didn't write what was preventing her from living as she wanted, but it was obvious that there was a powerful force preventing her from and her beloved from being together.
Over the years, the meetings petered out and we lost touch, but this week I ran into her online again. I saw how she defended the community against haredi commenters and stuck up for Judaism against belligerent secular people.
I got in touch with her and this time, I gathered my course and wasn't too shy to ask questions.
Raheli (not her real name), 27, the eldest of seven siblings, grew up and was educated in haredi settings in a small city in central Israel. She told me she always felt something was different about her.
"As a child it was easy to understand exactly who and what I was," she said. "I wasn't exactly like the other girls, but I also didn't know how to put it in words. When I was a little girl I played soccer with the neighborhood boys and spend a lot of time with them. When I was 12 they separated me from the boys, because that's the age that you begin to become a young woman, and a young woman must be modest."
"I no longer has male friends at that point, but I also didn't have thoughts about men and I wasn't interested in them like a regular pubescent girl," Raheli continued. "Ultimately, when I turned 18, my father realized he needed to search for a match for me and I got engaged very quickly."
Did you want to get married?
"I had a lot of deliberations about the wedding. One on hand, I felt that something wasn't right with me. I didn't know I was a lesbian, but I had relationships with very close female friends and that felt right, that felt safe. On the other hand, I was about to finish 12th grade and my whole life I was taught that a young woman my age needs to get married and that married life is what's right, and that's the way of the Torah."
You mentioned deliberations about the wedding. What ended up deciding the matter?
"The closer I got to the date of the wedding, I felt worse. I talked with one of my teachers and shared my difficulty with her. She promised to help me and see what could be done. A month before the wedding I was referred to be treated by a great rabbi from Bnei Brak. I went with my parents and he told me we had to cancel, if that was the situation. When we got home, that very same day I told my dad: 'I'm going to be a single mother.' I didn't say anything or think about women. I only said I didn't see myself getting married to a man and raising children with him."
And how did he respond?
"We didn't really talk about it, but I felt very uncomfortable for him and also our whole environment. My father is a public figure and people know him, and it had already been published in newsletters that his daughter was engaged and about to get married. My mother was actually happy about the wedding's cancelation. She was not shy about thinking it wasn't for me and not the best path for me."
Did you tell your mother about the deliberations?
"At the time I knew the woman who is today my fiancée, and God willing, will be my wife next month. I began working after the end of 12th grade and that's where I met her. She comes from the same background as me and we were friends for two years before we started going out. She was already with someone before and knew about herself. And I understood her – how the connection is different, how the embrace is different. She started coming to visit me at my parents' house more and more, and after a while my mother asked, 'What's the nature of the relationship?' and I told her the truth. She started crying, but after that she was happy I had love and even encouraged me in times of fights and crises in the relationship."
How's the relationship with your parents today? Will they come to the wedding?
"I never talked about it with my dad. We didn't say too much and certainly not explicitly. I didn't say: 'I am a lesbian and in a relationship with a woman,' but it was understood that he knew and was in denial. He was afraid to confirm it to himself. Today the relationship is better than what it was six or seven years ago, when I was already in a relationship with a woman and my father understood it was final.
"One time he came home with his students, and at the same moment I sat on my friend in the living room. He started getting irate, and we where afraid that he would become violent, so she ran to the bedroom, and in the meanwhile my brothers formed a barrier around us and tried to calm him down. After that I went to live with my aunt, and since then I haven't been home. I began working at another job, and after awhile I moved into my own apartment in the same city. Concurrently, my girlfriend left her families house after she came out. She moved in with me, and we have lived together since then."
After a year of disconnect, my family called me, and we began speaking again. They wanted me to come over for Shabbat, but I vetoed that idea. If my girlfriend cant come then neither can I. That's how it was with her family too. In the end we reached an agreement, but my father asked that we leave the city. He is afraid of the future, he doesn't want people to see me walking around with a belly, and have people talking about me, he won't come to the wedding. I also don't want him to come to the wedding. It won't be a haredi wedding, so he has nothing to find there."
"My mom told me that she is sorry for me, that it is hard for her to accept the shame that comes with the whole city knowing. She doesn't know how to accept the fact that It will be official. I told her: If you aren't whole with your decision – don't come. I want everything to be whole at my wedding, I want to be happy. To celebrate our love. And whoever is not there to rejoice – don't come."
How does Judaism view lesbians?
"I looked through the whole torah, and Judaism doesn't comment on lesbians directly. Jewish law belittles the issue. There are a few rabbis who claim that it is banned on the basis of modesty. My whole life I learned in Haredi institutions, and I was taught to anything that I could. Don't stop everything if you can't do one thing. There is a verse that says that even the righteous sin. Do what you can, nothing is black or white.
Have you encountered resistance or intolerance from your environment?
"My father is a public figure, so of course I help him with what he needs, with collection of funds and holidays. And he even asks me to help and wants me to come to events. He doesn't hide me. And my girlfriend goes everywhere with me, but no one says anything, they don't talk about it, they don't ask questions. They know and accept it. I don't come with her and say, "this is my partner," but I assume they understand. Sometimes a lack of acceptance is a kind of acceptance if they respect us."
Have you thought about moving to Tel Aviv?
"I'm against running away to Tel Aviv, and I call it running away because this is actually where it's important to show that there's a gay community. I'm not trying to spite anyone, not hurting anyone, not kissing in the street out of modesty. And I expect the same respect. I am the only haredi in the area who knows she's a lesbian. All the rest ran away and left the religion. And that is what's comfortable for haredis to think: 'She's crazy, she's not right, that's why she ran away to Tel Aviv'.
"After all, if you leave, you're showing them that the only way to be gay or lesbian is to run away. I think we need to change the environment. It's important to stay and speak out particularly in places like ours, for them to see that we exist and we're not perverted or insane. Now there's an argument about whether or not to hold a parade in Rishon LeTzion and there was an argument in Ashdod and cancellations in Be'er Sheva. It's actually in these places that it's most important to be gay, and running away to Tel Aviv will not change anything. In Tel Aviv you may be more comfortable, but my kids won't be comfortable – if they learn that you need to run away to be who you are."
What's your opinion about haredi media outlets' handling of the murder at the pride parade (which they called "the abomination parade")?
"There are some groups within the haredi world that seek to incite in order to get attention. Not everyone is like that. Most of the haredi public does not incite. There are no references to it, no one talks about it, they don't teach these things – they barely talk about relations between a man and a woman, and even that is only before the wedding. If someone is discovered as gay, they want to exclude him, and tell him not to be here. They try to sweep it under the rug.
"When is it discussed? Usually it involves pride parade, especially in Jerusalem. They associate the parade with underwear and dancing on trucks, and they don't want to see that in Jerusalem. Saying 'abomination' is the haredis' way to distance it from themselves, to say, 'this doesn't have to do with us, it's an abomination'. And the word itself came from the Torah and my father might use that word.
"The haredis call it abomination because they don't want to give it a place, and because they are afraid children will learn from it. They are fighting a battle for the Torah as far as they're concerned, which is exactly the same war as that against opening parking lots on Shabbat.
"But it shouldn't reach the point of violence and murder. Lawless bloodshed is not the way of the Torah. Most of the haredi world is opposed to the violence that occurred at the Jerusalem pride parade. There are a few radical rabbis seeking exposure and an audience, but they are not typical.
"Just as there are rabbis who send people for conversion therapy, there are also rabbis who don't encourage marrying a woman if you're gay. Because as far as they're concerned, you don't choose who to love. Love does not contradict Judaism."
Tags: Haredi lesbian, Israel, Jewish News
http://www.totpi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/020212237.jpg 625 936 Joe Levin http://www.totpi.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/lolo-300x136.png Joe Levin2015-08-27 05:46:552015-08-27 05:47:48'I'm Haredi, Lesbian, and Live With A Woman'
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MAFRA AND PRAIA GRANDE -- PORTUGAL 2018
Grandmaster Wong in front of Palacio de Mafra
One of the most delicious meals I have taken is lobster rice in Praia Grande near Lisbon in Portugal. Hence, when Riccardo asked me what I would like to eat for lunch, I suggested lobster rice. It is rice in some soup cooked with lobsters, prawns and other seafood.
I recalled a place not far from the restaurant where we had lobster rice but I could not remember the name of the place. Nevertheless I could recall that Riccardo's grandfather was the governor of the area.
Riccardo told me that it was Mafra, but his grandfather was not the Mafra Governor then, but a very high ranking military officer, and was later sent by a Portuguese King to be a Governor of a Portuguese colony in India. Mafra was not far from Praia Grande where we could later adjourned for lobster rice.
We set out early on the morning of 4th July 2018. We drove through some countryside of Portugal and arrived at Mafra, which is about 30 km from Lisbon. It has an extravagant Palacio de Mafra, or the Palace of Mafra, which now houses a huge monastery, an ornate basilica and a library with more than 30,000 ancient books. Riccardo told me that at first the palace was quite small, but it expanded. It was built by a Portuguese king for a queen because she bore him a son.
After visiting Palacio de Mafra we drove to our restaurant in Praia Grande to enjoy our lobster rice. Riccardo had to rush back to his clinic at Lisbon to meet a patient. As we did not have much time, I told Riccardo to go into the restaurant to order the lobster rice while I spent some time admiring the Atlantic Ocean. I remembered that the last time I saw the Atlantic Ocean at Praia Grande in winter, it was roaring with huge waves, but at that time in summer it was relatively mild, though with some waves rowing in. Quite a few people were sun-bathing on the beach, while others were in the water.
After the lobster rice which we thoroughly enjoyed, Riccardo drove to the monastery where we used to have courses. We discontinued our courses there when its directors partitioned a large hall, making the hall too small for our purpose. I reminded Riccardo that we had to rush to Lisbon for his appointment, but he told me it was fine, probably he wanted me to enjoy my nostalgia besides the lobster rice.
Then we went through some small Portugal towns. At first Riccardo was lost and he had to ask some locals for direction. I recalled and told Riccardo that when I was back in Malaysia, once I lost my way and was about to come out of the car to ask some people. But Choon, who was at the wheel then, told me that he had a smart phone which he could use to check our route. Riccardo informed me that, like me, he did not know how to use his smart phone in that way. Homage to the smart phone for those who could use it fully.
Eventually we passed Azenhas do Mar, which literally means "Waterfowl of the Sea", where we often had delicious lunches overlooking the Atlantic Ocean. I told Riccardo that we were in familiar territory. Soon we passed Praia Maca, or Apple Beach, where in a little restaurant, I first enjoyed a kind of seaweed, though Riccardo informed me that they were living thing. I don't know the name of the seaweed, or living things that looked like seaweed, but whenever I wish to enjoy it or them, I would tell Riccardo, "Do you understand", which was a sort of our code word for the delicious plants or creatures.
We passed Sintra, which has always been a charming city to me, but as we were short of time, we did not visit the charming, classical part of the city. Nevertheless we passed through a archway before heading for the highway, which I remembered very well when I first went to Sintra more than 20 years ago. We arrived at Lisbon. Riccardo went for his appointment with a special patient who specially came from Spain, while I played with my toy, the computer, before readying myself for the course on One-Finger Shooting Zen.
Wong Kiew Kit
Dr Riccardo Salvatore in front of the city of Mafra