With the defeat of Licinius, Constantine was left as the sole leader of the entire Roman world. But that didn't stop him from dreaming. In one dream he saw the spirit of the city of Byzantium as a tired and frail old matron. But then she was transformed before his eyes into a beautiful young woman and with his own hands he adorned her with the accoutrements of an imperial city.
God clearly knew a good location when he saw one. Constantinople is built on a triangle of land that juts out into the Bosphorus where it comes near to Asia Minor commanding the end of the narrow straits that link the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara. The natural harbour formed by the northern side was of enormous value. It could be used for both military and commercial purposes. Any attempt to attack by land would have to reckon with the probability that the city could be supplied from the sea. A sea born attack would be easy to defeat because the narrow entrance to the bay could easily be blocked by drawing a chain across it.
The surrounding land was fertile and well tended which would be useful in the feeding of a large population. The fish in the locality are abundant and easily caught, another bonus.
And in addition to its highly beneficial local advantages, it also occupied a key strategic position. During the crisis of the third century the goths had been able to sail across the Black Sea, through the narrow straits of the Bosphorus past Byzantium. From there they had got into the Mediterranean where they had been able to reach most of the empire with ease. The foundation of Constantinople blocked off this possibility.
So the building of a new city made religious sense, and its geography made it easy to defend. It was also a great location strategically. It allowed easy communication with the always troublesome Danube frontier and was close to the sensitive border with the Persians.
What more could an emperor wish for? Well when the emperor is Constantine, quite a bit. Since it was to have his name it needed to be a city on a scale that reflected his ambition. The size of the plot was just the start. The new Rome had to not just rival, but to eclipse the old one. In everything.
One of the symptoms of the decline in the empire was the shortage of educated people with skills. In order to bring his city to the state he wanted it Constantine had to found new schools of architecture to supply the men he needed to fulfill his vision. When Constantine wanted something, he put every conceivable effort into it.
Architects can be trained. Artists have to be born. There was no way to create a cadre of imaginative painters and sculptors to decorate the new city suitably. Instead Constantine brought existing artworks from the rest of the empire, especially statues. A good example was a bronze statue of Apollo moved to the new capital from a city in Phyrgia, or possibly from Athens. The sculpture was reputed to be Phidias. Phidias was the most famous sculptor of the ancient world, even having one of the wonders of the world on his CV, so to have one of his works in Constantinople was an ornament indeed.
The statue had been cast in bronze, a scepter in one hand, a globe in the other and a crowned with rays of light. This would later be reinterpreted as a statue of Constantine himself. It was placed on a 100ft marble column in the forum. The statue is now long gone, but the column still stands in the ruins. It is known as the Burnt Column.
Any new city would have a forum, that was a foregone conclusion. That Constantine would make that forum large enough to rival he one in Rome made clear his intentions for the role he foresaw for it. And there were no pagan temples. Instead it was from day one a city that worshiped the one true God. So there were to be plenty of churches. The main one, and the one that Constantine no doubt envisaged as the main church of the empire and of the religion of Christianity as a whole was Santa Sofia: the church of the holy wisdom. I suspect if Constantine could be resurrected today he would be quite surprised to find that St Peters in Rome is the premier centre of Christianity according to the majority of Christians.
It isn't often remembered that there was a religious aspect to gladiatorial games, so in keeping with his desire to make a new start without pagan influences, rather than supply the new city with an arena for games he instead built a hippodrome dedicated to chariot racing. This was to become very popular with the inhabitants.
A new senate was created and people were invited from all over the empire to the new city. At first Constantine had to offer specific inducements, but the attractions of the place were soon strong enough for it to become a magnet drawing in the declining population of the empire. Let's be clear here. Constantine was playing a zero sum game. The empire was well armed and effectively defended, but it was not expanding. The sole energy source was muscle power and at this time in history muscles could only be available if they were fed by farming. If there was any technological progress at all it wasn't significant enough to create a fourth century green revolution.
As the population of Constantinople grew it inevitably drew resources from other cities. And grow it did. It was soon to become the biggest city in the empire, and possibly the biggest in the world. Even in Constantine's time the population must have got over 100,000. That is a lot of dinners. The city was fed by a number of means, one of which was a corn levy from the rich province of Egypt. This was a simple enough operation logistically. The Egyptians grew corn and the Romans took it off them and gave it away to the populace of the new city. One can see how that made becoming a citizen of the new metropolis appealing. The Egyptians probably saw the downside of the arrangement a bit more clearly.
Egypt was not the only province to suffer from the robust approach Constantine adopted towards getting the resources he needed. Constantinople was a huge project in itself, and on top of that there was the maintaining of a huge military machine and a huge programme of church building. Non productive fighters and prayers have to be supported by the rest of society. This means taxes. And again it was a zero sum game. More soldiers meant less for everyone else. Socialism has been described as 'from each according to his means, to each according to his needs'. To describe the Roman Empire under Constantine and his successors you only need the first half of that phrase.
The objective was simple enough. Squeeze as much out of the population to support the palace, the Church and the military. The tax was collected in kind and gold every four years. Debased imperial coins were not accepted as payment of imperial taxes.
Collection was efficient and effective. A full census was carried out every 15 years – no trivial matter in such a large empire and without paper on which to record it.
Gibbon would not be surprised by modern archeological data showing that standards of nutrition rose after the fall of the empire in the West. Taxes were collected indiscriminately and with no regard to encouraging trade or development. The full coercive powers of the state were brought to bear on taxpayers up to and including torture. This had a generally depressing effect on economic activity. A survey of an Italian province carried out some 60 years after the death of Constantine revealed that one eighth of cultivated land was abandoned.
This is not surprising when you consider the plight of the Decurions. Being a decurion had originally been a mark of esteem. They were the wealthy local businessmen and landholders who played a leading role in the small town community life. But under Diocletian they had been given the unpaid role of tax collectors and enforcers. They had to make up any shortfall out of their own pockets. This could and did ruin them. But they were not allowed to give up the post, and could be executed if they tried.
It was a tax and spend regime that took both taxing and spending to extremes, but which did at least balance the books. In a world of profligate state spending on credit this probably seems more virtuous in hindsight than it deserves to. The wreckage of the currency that previous emperors had achieved had wrecked the financial system removing the option of borrowing to fund big projects. The financial institutions simply weren't there. So if the emperor wanted to build a city, the resources had to be found there and then. It could not be spread over a few generations.
Undoubtedly the burden of taxation led more and more people to give up the struggle for financial independence and to throw in their lot with anybody who offered them the chance to survive in return for giving up their liberty. The gritty independent farmers who had founded a republic and fought to defend and then extend it were long gone. Only the outward form of some republican institutions and attitudes remained. But even these were being hacked away. Where Augustus was careful to portray himself as simply another citizen, Constantine was appointed by God. His titles would have shocked a Roman from an earlier era.
Titles being thrown around included your sincerity, your gravity, your sublime and wonderful magnitude, your excellency. Admittedly that last one probably didn't sound as ridiculous then as it does since the release of the film of Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure.
It is hard to imagine what a hard bitten consul of the old republic would have made of it. It was a far cry from Augustus styling himself Princeps to disguise his true power. The consuls did still exist, even though Diocletian had abolished voting for them. They were now in the gift of the emperor.
Empty titles are a great boon to autocrats. It is a great way to reward people that involves giving them neither power nor money. So it is no surprise seeing Constantine reviving the long lapsed order of patricians. The patricians of the republic had been a true aristocracy that you had to be born into. Constantine's version was a bit different. He appointed patricians and you couldn't pass the role on to your descendants. But there are always enough people around for whom a flashy title is as good as, indeed better than a real role with real responsibility.
The civil administration was handled by 4 praetorian prefects in areas corresponding to the old tetrarchy. They no longer had any military function so they posed no threat to the emperor. They concentrated on justice and managing taxation. Rome and Constantinople were exempt from their jurisdiction, they each had praetor who maintained order.
Governors still existed and still had some kind of role. They also administered justice in their particular provinces and were able to impose punishments up to and including execution. They weren't allowed to impose large fines though. Those went directly to the emperor. He was heedless of his subject's lives, but he was very interested in what happened to their money.
Having more than one system for administering the law certainly sounds like a recipe for confusion and no doubt it was. Lawyers continued to thrive. I sometimes have the feeling that if an asteroid hit the earth wiping out all forms of life except cockroaches there would still be lawyers around.
The military were also reorganised once again with the emphasis on making a challenge to the authority of the emperor difficult to pull off. The most notable example of that was the reduction in the size of the legion to half the size it used to be. Commanding a legion was no longer anywhere near such an influential post. But you did get to wear a special gold belt. Status and titles were once again used as handy substitutes for power. A couple of military titles started to become prominent at this time – counts and dukes. These were to go on and become aristocratic titles in the world after the empire, but for now they were simply ranks in the army.
There were also two grades of soldier, internal and external. The external ones were the guys actually manning the frontier dealing with threats from outside the borders. The role of the internal ones wasn't spelled out but it is pretty likely that they were intended to keep the population under control.
The manpower requirements were very large and this sucked in even more Germans into the empire where they were able to observe with their own eyes just how the whole system worked.
If the army was now huge, so was the court. Another contribution to the tax burden. But the state was not just a drain on the economy, it also became an active participant in it. The army was supplied by state run factories. Thirty four different cities had centrally controlled armouries in them supplying the troops with weapons and equipment. It was very much like the Soviet Union in many ways. This included the problem of all non-privately owned enterprises of ensuring quality and innovation. Archeologists have found that steel forged in barbarian Germany at this period was of superior quality to that from the empire.
The court projected the power of the emperor directly to his subjects. Messengers were sent out with proclamations and edicts. They also reported back on what was going on in the provinces and soon to on the role of making sure that the edicts were being obeyed as well. The employed spies and informers so in keeping with the Soviet Union comparison, we have a secret police as well. They were empowered to use torture in their investigations, so coming under suspicion was bad enough even if you didn't feel guilty.
But there were some restraints on their powers. There were categories of citizen that were exempt from torture. These were people of an illustrious or honourable rank, bishops and their presbyters, professors of the liberal arts, soldiers, municipal officers, and children below the age of puberty. It is pretty clear where the regime felt its support lay.
But just to be on the safe side, none of these exemptions applied in the case of an investigation of treason against the emperor.
The court itself was large and well staffed and probably amounted to many thousands of individuals in the palace itself and representatives elsewhere in the empire. Much like the army, much of the court's consumption was self generated. The treasurer general employed a large staff to count and manage all the money extracted from the population. But he we also in charge of all the mines where the precious metals were extracted. And he also ran large factories manned by slaves producing linen for the use of the imperial household.
Constantine has been praised by many people for his promotion of Christianity. He has also been criticized for much the same reason. As we have seen, he was certainly a ruthless autocrat determined to get what he wanted and capable of any amount of repression to achieve it. Personally I regard him as an ancient version of Stalin. But like Stalin, not everything he did was bad. And the foundation of Constantinople was to prove far sighted.
The city proved to be a major asset to the empire for centuries to come. Towards the end, it would be just about its only asset. The city is to be the major character in the story we are going to tell from now on. It will become the central focus of the politics of the empire and for the next eleven hundred years it will be central to history. The strong walls of this great Christian city will protect the empire from disaster more than once. And in all probability they protected Christianity itself from being overrun.
If he had done nothing else, the foundation of Constantinople would be enough to earn Constantine the title he is often awarded of Constantine the Great.
Lots of people who write about ancient history toss around the phrase "King X founded a city at Z" casually, without giving any hint of the massive undertaking that must have involved. I enjoyed hearing some detail to bring the process alive.
May an ignorant colonial request a translation from the English? When a British historian refers to "a levy of corn from Egypt", what does "corn" mean? I don't imagine Constantine was making tortillas for his subjects….
Thanks for the kind comments Calvus, and the comment about corn applies both sides of the Atlantic. In Gibbon's time wheat and corn meant much the same thing. I think this only changed over here when we started eating cornflakes for breakfast when referring to wheat as corn started getting confusing.
Strictly speaking the stuff the Mexicans make their tortillas out of is maize, but it also gets called corn quite often.
People still make little toys out of wheat straw called corn dollies, so referring to wheat as corn hasn't entirely died out yet.


A java.util.Stream represents a sequence of elements on which one or more operations can be performed.
Stream operations are either intermediate or terminal. While terminal operations return a result of a certain type, intermediate operations return the stream itself so you can chain multiple method calls in a row.
Streams are created on a source, e.g. a java.util.Collection like lists or sets (maps are not supported).
Stream is like the existing "streams" (e.g. InputStream), you can consume streams only once.
Stream operations can either be executed sequential or parallel.
Pipelining: Many stream operations return a stream themselves. This allows operations to be chained to form a larger pipeline. This enables certain optimizations, such as laziness and short-circuiting. For laziness, no work is actually done until terminal operation is invoked.
Internal iteration: In contrast to collections, which are iterated explicitly (external iteration), stream operations do the iteration behind the scenes for you.
Focus on computation – Collections are about data and streams are about computations. And stream doesn't own any data.
Intermediate operations return stream that allows you to chain up and lazily executed.
flatMap – to flatten out list of list to a single list.
distinct, sorted, limit – Those are special kind of intermediate operation. It's a so called stateful operation. For example, to sort a collection of elements, you have to maintain state during ordering.
Terminal operations return concrete types or produce a side effect and eagerly executed.
//compute the sum of ages of the all female authors younger than 25.
.forEach(System.out::println); // "DDD2", "DDD1", "CCC", "BBB3", "BBB2", "AAA2", "AAA1"
//is there any string that start with "a"? Replace anyMatch with allMatch, noneMatch for other checks.
//reduce is terminal one. The result is an Optional holding the reduced value.
If you don't want the exceptions to bubble out and interrupt the control flow of the stream, you'll have to catch them locally.
intList = strList.stream()// same with "parallelStream()"
With the Fork/Join framework added in Java SE 7, the JDK has an API for efficiently implementing parallel computations. However, parallel code with Fork/Join looks very different from (and much bigger than) the equivalent serial code, which acts as a barrier to parallelization. By supporting the exact same set of operations on sequential and parallel streams, users can switch between serial and parallel execution without rewriting their code, removing this barrier and making parallelism more accessible and less error-prone. However, all streams use the same ForkJoinPool and so one stream could hold up the resources of others and you need to be careful on that if you try to switch from sequential stream to parallel stream.


Hideho Higashi, M.D.; Ken'ichi Yonemura, M.D.; Koki Shimoji, M.D.
† Associate Professor of Anesthesiology.
Hideho Higashi, Ken'ichi Yonemura, Koki Shimoji; Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blocks by Germine Monoacetate. Anesthesiology 1973;38(2):145-152.


text:
javma news
When fire strikes home
Tending to the needs of pets affected by residential fires
By Susan C. Kahler
information-circle This article is more than 3 years old
Dogs and cats injured in fires being transported by ambulance. Hyperbaric oxygen chambers used to treat pets with smoke inhalation. Firefighters running a 24/7 emergency response service for pets. These are a few of the advances helping pets caught in residential fires.
About 40,000 pets die in residential fires each year, most from smoke inhalation, and 500,000 pets are affected overall.
Philadelphia firefighter Jen Leary said, "You see enough people who have just lost everything having to make horrible decisions about what they're going to do with their pets." The Salvation Army is on the scene giving out blankets, the Red Cross providing emergency shelter, and medics attending to human injuries. "But there are no resources for the other members of the family—the pets," she said.
The Red Cross can arrange temporary housing for displaced residents but not for pets. "Most of the time, people left them in their burned-out dwelling, or gave them to some neighbor or stranger on the street they didn't know, or had to surrender them to animal control," Leary said.
The Red Paw Emergency Relief Team responds to emergency alerts for fires, explosions, gas leaks, water main breaks, and, as here, building collapses. Red Paw found this dog and a cat in the debris. Three days later, the family's pet Chihuahua crawled out from under the rubble. (Courtesy of Red Paw Emergency Relief Team)
"It dawned on me one day, someone should do something, and that someone was me," she said.
In 2011, Leary created the nonprofit Red Paw Emergency Relief Team to provide search and rescue, shelter, and emergency veterinary care for animals injured in fires and other disasters.
Philadelphia's fire communications center sends an alert to a Red Paw dispatcher anytime at least two engines and two ladder trucks are called into service for a fire, explosion, building collapse, water main break, or gas leak.
A Red Paw response vehicle is sent out by the on-duty dispatcher, either the one based at Leary's home in south Philadelphia or the one at Engine 22 in northeast Philadelphia. There are two full-time responders, four per diem responders, and three volunteer responders. Each is a firefighter or military veteran.
At the scene, Red Paw checks in with incident command and canvasses the residents, asking whether they have pets. Red Paw responders get the OK from incident command to enter the building and do a thorough sweep, even if they're told by first responders no pets are there or a family isn't home.
"We get told quite often that either an animal couldn't have survived or the animal ran out, but 99 percent of the time, animals never run out of the fire building. They always go hide someplace they feel safe," Leary said.
A few months ago, Red Paw responded to an apartment building fire in Delaware County, Pennsylvania. Firefighters had told members of one family that their cat was dead and members of the other family that their cat ran away. Leary said, "We sent our guys in to search each apartment. They found the one cat was not dead and needed oxygen and to go to the hospital, and they found the other cat hiding behind the refrigerator. Had we not been there and not checked the apartments thoroughly, they both would have been left a long time, if not forever."
Jen Leary with a dog found under debris after a house fire. (Courtesy of Red Paw Emergency Relief Team)
Pet oxygen masks are put on animals with traumatic injuries and pressure applied to any cuts before the animals are taken to a veterinary emergency hospital, often to spend a night or two receiving oxygen in cages sealed with plastic wrap.
Red Paw's partner facilities and certain veterinary emergency hospitals provide up to 72 hours of emergency shelter for displaced animals. Some boarding facilities will donate up to two weeks of shelter.
If an animal is seriously injured and its family can't take it back within two weeks, Red Paw enlists one of its special foster volunteers, often a veterinarian or veterinary technician, to provide healing care until the family is in a position to take the animal back. The organization consults with Red Paw board member Dr. Lisa Germanis, who is also medical director of the Pennsylvania Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.
At Penn Vet
We get told quite often that either an animal couldn't have survived or the animal ran out, but 99 percent of the time, animals never run out of the fire building. They always go hide someplace they feel safe.
Jen Leary, Philadelphia firefighter and founder of the Red Paw Emergency Relief Team
The University of Pennsylvania's Ryan Veterinary Hospital in Philadelphia and the Center for Animal Referral and Emergency Services in Langhorne are two places where Red Paw transports pets that need oxygen therapy or that have sustained burns or other trauma.
Dr. Kenneth Drobatz is chief of the Section of Critical Care and director of emergency services at Ryan Hospital, which is designated one of the nation's top veterinary trauma centers by the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care.
"Here at Penn, we tend to see more (pets injured in fires), especially in winter with indoor heaters. Because of our relationship with Red Paw, we see a fair number of post-fire patients that need some care. We see both dogs and cats," he said.
He considers Red Paw a fantastic grassroots organization that has saved a lot of animals. "Any pets that are injured—or the owners are injured—they take them in. If they're stable, they keep them. If they're having problems, they bring them to us," he said.
Massive paw burns from walking on embers are common. Dr. Drobatz said major skin injury is rare because an animal that has gotten that close to fire also would have decreased oxygen capacity and probably carbon monoxide poisoning. Those with skin injuries land in the intensive care unit because of major fluid and protein loss. The Penn Vet team does basic emergency bloodwork, especially for hydration status.
Pets often hide someplace they consider safe instead of escaping in an emergency. (Courtesy of Red Paw Emergency Relief Team)
Penn Vet also tests for blood lactate concentration. Lactate builds up when cells don't get enough oxygen, usually the result of carbon monoxide preventing the oxygen from getting to the tissues, unless it's from the animal being in cardiac shock, Dr. Drobatz said. "Some plastics have cyanide, so they can get cyanide toxicity, but more likely we see carbon monoxide toxicity. We usually don't routinely measure that in veterinary medicine; we make presumptions they already have it."
Corneal burns and ulcers are commonly caused by irritants in the smoke and probably the heat as well. Dr. Drobatz said some animals need antibiotics and pain medication, but most of the time, these injuries are fairly uncomplicated to treat.
Hyperbaric oxygen chambers
Dr. Jon Geller of Fort Collins Veterinary Emergency and Rehabilitation Hospital in Fort Collins, Colorado, said that for smoke inhalation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy is the primary treatment.
At Wheat Ridge Animal Hospital in Colorado, the eyes of a puppy are stained to detect any corneal damage after the puppy was stolen from the Colorado Humane Society, wrapped in duct tape, and set on fire. (Courtesy of Dr. Elisa Mazzaferro)
One treatment of 1 1/2 hours at 2.5 ATA barometric pressure is generally what it takes to displace the carbon monoxide from the hemoglobin in the red blood cells so oxygen can go to the tissues, Dr. Geller said. Also, oxygen at high pressure is dissolved in the plasma, so hemoglobin is not required to transport oxygen to the tissues.
At an average $180 for treatment, depending on the region, it's cost-effective compared with over a thousand dollars for two to three days of 100 percent oxygen in the hospital, he said.
Dr. Geller is among a handful of veterinary hyperbaric technologists certified by the National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology, along with hyperbaric technologists and registered nurses, plus diver medics. They all must pass the main examination and be recertified every two years. The board offers the examination in conjunction with meetings of the Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society.
Veterinarians and veterinary technicians who pass the main examination, complete an NBDHMT-approved training course, and meet the requirements of a defined preceptorship become eligible for the veterinary-specific examination offered through the UHMS and the Veterinary Hyperbaric Medicine Society.
Many general practitioners may not know where the nearest veterinary hyperbaric chamber is. The VHMS maps all the known chambers in the U.S., whether or not VMHS approved. The map, at vhbot.org/usa-locations, currently lists 70 veterinary chambers in 19 states.
Even if the closest chamber is a distance, an animal benefits from treatment if started within 12 hours of smoke inhalation, Dr. Geller said. His hospital has one of two chambers in Colorado. "We've had cases referred from Denver and the Canadian border," he said. Sedation isn't typical, but trazodone is given if needed. With the white noise, many patients fall asleep.
Colorado is one of the first states to allow emergency medical technicians to provide emergency veterinary care and transport pets to a veterinary hospital if the EMTs have completed a training program and call in to a veterinary hospital during the emergency (see "Good Samaritan laws protect responders"). Dr. Geller's hospital has an agreement with a human hospital a half-mile away that when the EMTs respond to a vehicular accident or fire that involves pet injuries, the EMTs will transport the pets to Dr. Geller's hospital after taking injured people to the human hospital.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is the primary treatment for smoke inhalation in animals. (Courtesy of Dr. Jon Geller)
"Pets riding in an ambulance is a pretty new concept, and it's a groundbreaking change that EMTs (can give emergency care to pets)," Dr. Geller said, and owner permission isn't needed for the veterinary hospital to treat the victims.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is in its infancy, and other clinical uses have yet to be scientifically proved by quality research, the NBDHMT acknowledges. Dr. Geller is exploring the possibility of HBOT eventually becoming a veterinary specialty, as in human medicine, but the practitioners are few, and, he said, "We are lagging as a potential specialty group because we don't have a central database of cases yet." However, case studies are being collected by the two main manufacturers of veterinary hyperbaric chambers, Hyperbaric Veterinary Medicine in Boca Raton, Florida, and Sechrist Industries Inc. in Anaheim, California.
A range of veterinary expertise
Smoke inhalation and burn injuries are a core aspect of training for emergency and critical care residents, but how much knowledge do veterinary students and general practitioners have?
Dr. Drobatz at Penn Vet said, "Because of the number of cases we see here, a lot of our students do get exposed during clinical rotations to animals that have been exposed to fire." General practitioners probably don't treat many fire victims, however, and may not have had specific education in this area, he said. He has presented continuing education on smoke inhalation, usually in respiratory or environmental toxicology sessions.
Treatment of smoke inhalation and burn injuries is a small portion of the veterinary curriculum, taught as part of methods of oxygen therapy in respiratory physiology courses, according to Dr. Elisa Mazzaferro, immediate past president of the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care. "I have lectured all over the world on this topic, teaching general practitioners how to be prepared and what to do in the event that an animal presents after being in a fire," she said in an email interview.
"I think that the general practitioner knows that these patients need supplemental oxygen. However, some of the more serious cases who have lost consciousness, have extensive skin burns, or develop neurologic sequelae after a fire and smoke inhalation are better to be monitored 24 hours a day at a specialty referral hospital or a 24-hour emergency facility," she said.
Dr. Mazzaferro will never forget New Year's Day 2007. She was awakened with the news that 24 dogs had been in a kennel fire and were being transported to Wheat Ridge Animal Hospital, the Colorado referral practice where she directed emergency services.
"Our surgeon was taking thoracic radiographs. Interns were monitoring vitals and helping place catheters," she said. "Nurses were staining eyes to look for corneal burns. Technician assistants were wrapping cage doors in our ICU with saran wrap, making cages into which oxygen lines could be placed to increase oxygen in smoke inhalation patients. Dr. Brendan McKiernan, a world-renowned respiratory specialist, was putting blood samples on ice for evaluation of carbon monoxide levels at a local hospital."
Three dogs had been unresponsive at the fire scene. One had been revived by CPR but, despite 24-hour care, eventually succumbed to the effects of smoke inhalation, her trachea so severely damaged the inner lining sloughed.
In 2012, Dr. Mazzaferro moved back to her home state of Connecticut, where she practices at Cornell University Veterinary Specialists in Stamford.
Dr. Elisa Mazzaferro changes a bandage on Babey, who was in an apartment fire just before New Year's Day 2018, at Cornell University Veterinary Specialists in Stamford, Connecticut. (Courtesy of Cornell University Veterinary Specialists)
The important first contact
Dr. Drobatz said, "I think it is important for the first responders who get there to tell us what they found—if the animal was unconscious or had altered mentation—to give us an idea what happened. Some may have had too much carbon monoxide or are hypoxic from not getting enough oxygen during the fire and could be passed out, and this might have significant consequences down the road for neurologic changes and things like that. It also gives us a sense of the severity of their exposure to the fire and how close they were."
Many veterinarians in emergency medicine hold classes at a local fire department, police facility, or their own hospitals to train EMTs, firefighters, and police officers to care for canine officers as well as animal casualties at the scene of a fire. Some also offer classes for pet owners. The Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Foundation trains first responders in conjunction with the annual meeting of the International Veterinary Emergency & Critical Care Society. Last fall in Nashville, Tennessee, over 60 police officers took part in the VECCF training session.
Do oxygen masks make a difference? Dr. Drobatz said, "Absolutely. One of the first things you do especially with an animal that's comatose or unconscious is give them oxygen immediately because of the decreased oxygen content in the area where the fire was burning and the carbon monoxide. Oxygen supplementation will decrease the amount of carbon monoxide. If in doubt, we always give them oxygen."
Three nonprofits that provide pet oxygen masks are Project Breathe from the Invisible Fence Co., Project Paws Alive, and the Association of Professional Animal Waste Specialists (see sidebar "Pet oxygen masks").
A cat is reunited with its family after a fire. (Courtesy of Red Paw Emergency Relief Team)
Dr. Mazzaferro said, "I have had animals transported to me by fire truck and ambulance after being maliciously burned as well as having been in a house fire and have signs of smoke inhalation. If a fire truck does not have oxygen masks specially made for animals, pediatric face masks work well to deliver oxygen to cats, and face masks or nasal prongs made for humans can be used for dogs.
"Severe smoke inhalation can definitely lead to chronic problems including increased susceptibility to respiratory infection and pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis/scarring, and as long-term sequelae bronchiectasis, weakness, and dilation of the airways."
One of the dogs maliciously burned had been set on fire after being stolen from a humane society and wrapped in duct tape. Another dog died after his owner went off her schizophrenia medication and set him on fire. Dr. Mazzaferro has had to deal with severe skin burns as well as the systemic effects of burns and inflammation.
"We use a combination of wet-to-dry bandages and vacuum-assisted wound care along with a variety of antimicrobial ointments such as silver sulfadiazine for deep skin burns," she said, adding that skin grafts are not common.
Like Dr. Drobatz, she has seen corneal burns as the most common injury sustained by animals in residential fires, along with injury to the inner lining of the respiratory system from inhalation of superheated particles in the air.
The Red Paw model
Red Paw is the only such organization Leary knows of. The nonprofit's funding has been a challenge, with 93 percent coming from donations and 7 percent from grants and foundation money.
Ideally, she would like to expand Red Paw's response area, even go national, but at the very least, getting counterparts up and running in other cities would help the cause.
"It keeps me up at night thinking of all the fires in other parts of the country," she said. "It's not the job of firefighters to look for and care for pets on the scene. They have a lot of other stuff going on. Our job is specifically to do that."
Pet oxygen masks
The following nonprofits are among the organizations that provide pet oxygen masks.
The Project Breathe Program provides oxygen mask kits to fire departments and rescue units. Invisible Fence sponsors the program and donates the masks, which the company estimates have saved 10,000 pets. A kit can be requested for a fire station at www.invisiblefence.com/why-invisible-fence/project-breathe
Project Paws Alive has a mission of providing first responder agencies with pet oxygen recovery mask kits. It relies on donations to provide the kits. projectpawsalive.org/pet-oxygen-recovery-mask-kits
The Association of Professional Animal Waste Specialists accepts donations to purchase pet rescue or recovery masks as well as requests from firefighters and EMTs to receive a kit. http://apaws.org/about/support/donate
A map of veterinary hyperbaric chambers in the United States is available at vhbot.org/usa-locations.
The National Board of Diving and Hyperbaric Medical Technology at nbdhmt.org/chtv.asp offers certified training courses in hyperbaric technology and an examination to become a certified hyperbaric technologist–veterinary assistant.
The American Veterinary Medical Foundation's emergency planning guide "Saving the Whole Family" is downloadable for free at www.avma.org/products under "Disaster Preparedness."
Related JAVMA content:
Good Samaritan laws protect responders (Feb. 15, 2018)
State legislation & regulation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Puppy cheers up ailing Framingham girl
By Brittney McNamara/Daily News Staff
BOSTON – Zuehailey "Hailey" Torres lives in Framingham, is 9 years old and goes to McCarthy Elementary School. But according to her mother, true normalcy just arrived Thursday morning, when Hailey met her new Yorkiepoo puppy at Logan Airport, a gift from Make-A-Wish Massachusetts and Rhode Island.
With her new friend in tow, Hailey said she's happy to have the pup, (a cross between a Yorkshire terrier and miniature poodle) at her side to help her get through the tough times.
In November, 2014, Hailey was diagnosed with a brain tumor, her mother, Zulma Rosario, said. Surgeons at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston were able to remove half of the non-cancerous tumor, but the rest was sitting in a vital part of Hailey's spinal cord. Doctors used a form of radiation to shrink the tumor, which Rosario said was successful. Hailey still undergoes treatment for other related problems.
Hailey requested a brown and black Yorkiepoo puppy so she would have something to stay with her, she said, and to talk to when she's sad. She picked out the breed because it's hypoallergenic and the name Asher because it means happy and blessed, she said.
"He'll grow with me," Hailey said, just before she met her puppy. The pair met at the airport, where Asher flew in with a 'puppy nanny' from Philadelphia.
Watching her daughter play with the puppy, Rosario said the dog is a sign of better times ahead.
"We are still going to have little things," Rosario said. "This might make a change, that she can have a dog like every other kid."
Hailey underwent rehab after her surgery to remove part of the tumor, a process which Rosario said was trying. During that time, Hailey could not walk on her own.
"She would say to me, 'Mommy, why did this happen to me?'" Rosario said.
The puppy will now enter the family to restore a degree of normalcy for both Hailey and her sister, Zulyanille. Zulyanille is disabled and homebound, Zulma said. While Hailey initially wanted to go on a trip, she changed her request to a hypoallergenic dog so her sister could enjoy her wish too. Hailey's other sister, Keyla, said the dog will be for everyone.
"It's going to be a family dog," Keyla said. "If (Hailey) gets sick, I'm going to bring it outside. If she feels better we'll do separate things."
As Hailey and Keyla sprawled on the airport floor with Asher, they seemed pretty normal. Hailey called to the puppy and laughed when the tiny, furry ball bounced toward her. She held it closely and let it lick her face.
"I'm your new mommy," she said.
Looking on, Rosario said seeing her daughter out, playful and happy, is a gift.
"It's wonderful that she's happy and that she's going to have a companion to last her a long time," she said.
Brittney McNamara can be reached at 508-490-7463 or by email at bmcnamara@wickedlocal.com. Follow her on Twitter at @bmcnamara_MW.


Pago Pago, AMERICAN SAMOA — "I had a dream..." said Pago Pago Chief Pulu Ae Ae Jr. yesterday when contacted for comments about the Aeto's preparations for the 2019 Flag Day fautasi race set for this Saturday, April 13th.
"I dreamt that the Aeto soared to the finish line and claimed the championship title." Fautasi Fiva 2019 is proudly presented by Congresswoman Aumua Amata.
Pulu, who was in Las Vegas, NV for two weeks, said it was his dream that prompted him to rush back to American Samoa. But when he arrived, he was told that the Pago Pago village council had already agreed that Mageo Patolo Mageo would be leading the Aeto crew in this year's race.
"I wish Mageo and the rest of the Aeto rowers the best of luck in the upcoming race," said Pulu, adding that if Mageo doesn't make it happen, he will do it himself next year.
Pulu said he would put in a request to captain the Aeto in 2020, and make his dream come true.
All jokes aside, Pulu said from what he has seen, the crew looks fit and ready for the big race. He said Pago Pago fully supports the Aeto crew, and the efforts of Utaifeau Bill Kalasa and the village aumaga.
The Aeto has definitely earned its place in the history of fautasi racing. It was a powerhouse back when the late Lealaifuaneva Peter Reid was captain. Other captains have followed — DMWR director Vaamua Henry Sesepasara, HTC Tuaolo Meko Aiumu, Punefuolemotu Tuaolo, and even the current skipper, Mageo Patolo.
But in recent years, the Aeto has failed to bring home the First Place standing they were accustomed to. One year, the boat capsized near Utulei Beach and the auvaa had to hang on while help was on the way.
The Aeto has fan clubs all over the United States.
Despite their recent losing record, diehard supporters continue to sport the Blue and Gold — with pride.
Don't miss the race this Saturday. The Aeto may spread its wings and fly to the finish line, as it used to do, many moons ago.


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The US Federal Reserve, widely known as simply 'the Fed,' surprised the market over the 29-30 January meeting of its Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC) by delivering a dovish message that clearly shed light into the possibility of an early end to the current tightening cycle. The message has come amidst rising downside risks for global growth, muted inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and tighter financial conditions. It has contributed to support the market view that the Fed will pause with its rate hikes in 2019.
After nine rate hikes since the start of the tightening cycle in December 2015, the Fed has decided to maintain the target range for the federal fund rate at 2.25% to 2.5% for the time being. More significantly, the Fed has clearly signalled a patient wait-and-see approach to monetary policy, which is miles away from previous confidence on the need to continue the slow, but steady, interest rate hikes. The new message signals a partial convergence with market expectations and in some ways carries the brunt of the market response to the previous meeting in December 2018. On that occasion, markets did not interpret the "dovish hike" as dovish enough to tackle the tsunami of weak global demand data and the pains of a correction in equity markets, and responded in a way that further tightened broader financial conditions.
Our analysis delves into the FOMC's policy statement and discusses the significance of the latest changes in terms of language, outlook and policy guidance. Our view is that there are three key developments in the statement.
First, the updated policy description of the US economic performance has changed somewhat, with carefully selected words and sentences being shifted to express a slightly less benign backdrop. The characterization of overall growth was downgraded to 'solid' from 'strong,' even if the labelling of the job market, household spending, unemployment rate and business fixed investment remained the same as in previous statements. While the statement highlighted that inflation and core inflation are still near 2%, the FOMC introduced a new line in which it acknowledged that market-based measures of inflation compensation 'moved lower' in recent months.
Second, the policy outlook section has changed significantly. A line about 'global economic developments' and 'muted inflation pressures' was included to justify the FOMC's patience 'as it determines what future adjustments to the target range for the federal funds rate may be appropriate' to supports its dual mandate of maximum employment and price stability. Importantly, the statement indicating 'some further gradual increases in the target range for the federal funds rate' was removed altogether, implying less confidence about the future direction of the policy rate. Fed Chair Jerome Powell's remarks in the post-meeting press conference emphasized that the case for raising rates has weakened and that the length of the 'patience period' or pause is going to depend entirely on incoming data and its implications for the outlook.
Third, the revision of the guidance about policy implementation and balance sheet normalization has taken place. The statement has formalized that the Fed intends to conduct policy under the so-called "floor" system of monetary control, i.e., a system in which the interest on excess reserves is the main operational tool to maintain the federal funds rate within the FOMC's target range. This means that the FOMC is expecting to keep an ample supply of reserves in the future and therefore will not need to return to the small balance sheets of the past (prior to the Great Financial Crisis). Moreover, the statement mentioned that the FOMC is 'prepared to adjust any of the details for completing balance sheet normalization in light of economic and financial developments.' This is in sharp contrast to previous communications in which the balance sheet was regarded as a passive tool on auto-pilot. While the bar is high to slowdown or halt the quantitative tightening, the odds for more active management of the balance sheet have increased. According to Chair Powell, the FOMC should find the appropriate end point of balance sheet normalization by 'approaching that point quite carefully,' which should take place in a rather 'gradual' fashion.
All in all, the latest FOMC meeting expressed that the Fed has turned significantly more dovish in recent weeks. As fed funds rate are closer to estimates of the neutral rate or the rate that separates accommodative from restrictive policy, the Fed is expected to be more cautious and avoid a leading role in shaping expectations. The idea is that incoming data should move markets and then align expectations with future policy moves. In fact, the implied probability of rate hikes in any of the remaining 2019 FOMC meetings has plummeted from more than 90.0% in October 2018 to less than 6.0% at the time of writing.


text:
source.wustl.edu
One gene provides fruit fly both antenna and color vision | The Source | Washington University in St. Louis
Pretty fly - for a fruit fly. The areas stained blue are regions in the fruit fly where the spineless gene is expressed.A team of researchers that includes biologists from Washington University in St. Louis has discovered that a gene involved in the development and function of the fruit fly antenna also gives the organism its color vision. Claude Desplan, Ph.D., professor of biology at New York University, and his students made the discovery and provided the data. Ian Duncan, Washington University professor of biology, and his wife, research assistant Dianne Duncan, provided the Desplan laboratory fruit fly (Drosophila) clones and mutants and technical assistance that helped locate where the gene, called spineless, is expressed in the retina. More...


The Acceptable Use of Information Technology Resources Policy is intended to guide users around acceptable use of computer and network services.
The purpose of this Acceptable Use of Information Technology Resources Policy (AUP) is to outline the acceptable use of computer and network services provided and/or used by users of Information Technology (IT) at Adelphi University (the University), including the equipment and additional resources used to provide these services. These rules are in place to ensure an optimal learning and working environment, and the assurance of freedom in academic pursuit. In addition, this policy protects the information used by administration and staff so that it is maintained at proper levels of availability, confidentiality, and integrity. Inappropriate use exposes the University to risks including virus attacks, compromise of network systems and services, policy violations, and legal issues.


text:
COVID-19 Government Notice
Paarl La Concorde,
57 Main Road,
Paarl, 7646
General HR services
HR Audits
OUR LABOUR DISPENSATION ISN'T WORKING
Dave Steward, Executive Director of the FW de Klerk Foundation:
NOTHING TO CELEBRATE ON WORKERS' DAY
On 1 May, South Africa will once again celebrate Workers' Day – although, in truth, there is nothing to celebrate. Our fractious trade unions are causing enormous damage to society, to the economy, to the unemployed and to the interests of workers themselves.
South Africa has one of the highest strike rates in the world – and our strikes are amongst the most violent. Between 2006 and 2011 an average of 507 working days were lost for every 1 000 South Africans in employment – compared with a global average of just 30.6 days per 1 000 workers during the same period.
The platinum strikes during the first half of 2014 cost R23 billion in lost production and R10 billion in lost wages.
The South African Democratic Teachers Union has been one of the main contributors to poor education outcomes – and does not hesitate to strike when school kids are about to write exams.
At the very moment when the country is struggling with the effects of load shedding – NUMSA has once again gone on strike at the giant Medupi power station.
Trade union sponsored limitations on labour broking will, according to the Free Market Foundation, cost more than 250 000 jobs.
Current public service union demands would add R50 billion to the government's wage bill and would almost certainly lead to further down-grading by ratings agencies.
Our labour laws and hostile unions discourage foreign direct investment. According to the World Economic Forum's Global Competitiveness Report South Africa's cooperation in labour-employer relations was the worst of the 144 countries that were surveyed. Our hiring and firing practices were the second worst; we were in 139th position in terms of flexibility of wage determination; and our pay and productivity was 8th worst in the world.
The main victims of our militant unions are, however, the millions of unemployed South Africans who have been effectively locked out of the job market by rigid labour laws and by the high minimum wages set by the unions.
Our unemployment rate is far higher than the official 24.3% figure. Only 43% of the population – and only 39% of black South Africans – between the ages of 15 and 64 are employed – compared with 72% in a First World nation like Britain. Millions of South Africans have very little prospect of ever getting a job – with a devastating impact on their prospects for human dignity, for equality and for a better life.
Why are we doing so badly in the field of labour relations?
The first problem is ideological. Our unions are led by some of the last true believing communists in the world (despite the fact that only 6% of COSATU members are active SACP members). In June 2011, COSATU President Sidumo Dlamini declared that
"We are a Marxist-Leninist formation not in words but through our commitment to the struggle for socialism and in that context we encourage our members to fill the front ranks of the SACP and we subject ourselves to the discipline of communists."
The communist orientation of COSATU played a key role in the evolution of the new South Africa. In 2006 COSATU took the lead in opposing President Mbeki's GEAR policies, which it feared had been hijacked by capitalists. At its 9th Congress in 2006 COSATU launched a battle for the 'heart and soul' of the ANC. It resolved that "the working class must re-direct the National Democratic Revolution towards socialism and jealously guard it against opportunistic tendencies that are attempting to wrest it from achieving its logical conclusion, which is socialism". It adopted an official position that "rejects the separation of the NDR from socialism and asserts that the dictatorship of the proletariat is the only guarantee that there will be a transition from NDR to socialism."
This led to the most fateful development since 1994: the ousting of President Thabo Mbeki at the ANC's Polokwane Conference in 2007, and the ascendency of Jacob Zuma and the SACP within the Alliance.
COSATU's communist orientation has been one of the main causes of hostility between unions and management – mainly because communist-led unions do not really accept the right of private sector businesses to exist. The COSATU culture is dominated by struggle and resistance against management that is regarded as the 'class enemy'. There may be temporary truces – but there is little room for the genuine cooperation that is essential for success.
There is also a dire lack of understanding of basic economics. Trade union leaders are steeped in Marxist gobbledygook but appear to have little grasp of the factors that have led to economic growth and the advancement of real wellbeing of workers throughout the world. The Free market Foundation used to offer an excellent basic economics course for workers that explained how companies operate in free market economies and why excessive wage demands and strikes were not necessarily in the interest of workers. Incomprehensibly, big business is no longer prepared to fund this programme.
Another problem is that there is no balance in the relationship between business, government and labour. Because COSATU is part of the ruling alliance it has been able to dictate the government's labour policy. The result has been the enactment of labour legislation that is making it increasingly difficult for companies to generate wealth and to create jobs.
Labour expert Loane Sharp has suggested some of the steps that might be taken to restore the balance, including secret ballots before strikes to avoid intimidation; civil liability for trade union members who damage property or injure persons; and an end to closed shop agreements which force workers to join a union or to pay union dues as a precondition for obtaining employment.
At heart, what our labour dispensation is missing is the realisation that the interests of all parties will be promoted by genuine cooperation between labour and management. This will not happen while labour and management continue to regard one another as class and race enemies.
In particular, more should be done to give workers a genuine stake in the success of companies through share-holding schemes. Management should also show genuine commitment to the wellbeing of workers – rather than the enrichment of individuals through the current process of Black Economic Empowerment. At the end of the day it may well be true: there are no bad workers – only bad managers.
Dave Steward
New Minimum Wage Proposal
South African government media statement: Coronavirus Covid-19 Alert level 1
Labour Department now accepting work visa applications – 19 October 2020
Extension of a National State of Disaster (Covid 19) – 15 October 2020
Covid-19 Directive – 7 October 2020
La Concorde,
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text:
George Michael "Micky" Ward, Jr. (), poreclit uneori Irish Micky Ward, este un fost boxer profesionist american, fost campion WBU. Este cunoscut mai ales datorită celor trei lupte cu Arturo Gatti. În anul 2010 a fost lansat un film biografic inspirat de cariera sa, The Fighter, în care rolul său a fost interpretat de Mark Wahlberg. Micky este fratele vitreg mai mic al lui Dicky Eklund, alt fost boxer profesionist.

Rezultate în boxul profesionist

| style="text-align:center;" colspan="10"|38 de vitorii (27 prin knockout, 11 la puncte), 13 înfrângeri (12 la puncte), 0 remize
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|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Rez.
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Rezultat general
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Oponent
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Tip
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Rd., Timp
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Data
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Locația
|  style="border-style:none none solid solid; "|Note
|- align=center
|Înfrângere||38–13||align=left| Arturo Gatti
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|Înfrângere||38–12||align=left| Arturo Gatti
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|Victorie||38–11||align=left| Arturo Gatti
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|Înfrângere||37–11||align=left| Jesse James Leija
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|Victorie||37–10||align=left| Emanuel Augustus
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|Victorie||36–10||align=left|  Steve Quinonez
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|Înfrângere||35–10||align=left| Antonio Díaz
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|Victorie||35–9||align=left| Shea Neary
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|Victorie||34–9||align=left| Reggie Green
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|Victorie||33–9||align=left| Jermal Corbin
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|Victorie||32–9||align=left| Jose Luis Mendez
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|Înfrângere||31–9||align=left| Zab Judah
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|Victorie||31–8||align=left| Mark Fernandez
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|Înfrângere||30–8||align=left| Vince Phillips
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|Victorie||30–7||align=left| Alfonso Sanchez
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|Victorie||29–7||align=left| Manny Castillo
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|Victorie||28–7||align=left| Louis Veader
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|Victorie||27–7||align=left| Louis Veader
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|Victorie||26–7||align=left| Alex Ortiz
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|Victorie||25–7||align=left| Alberto Alicea
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|Victorie||24–7||align=left| Edgardo Rosario
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|Victorie||23–7||align=left| Genaro Andujar
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|Victorie||22–7||align=left| Luis Castillo
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|Înfrângere||21–7||align=left| Ricky Meyers
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|Înfrângere||21–6||align=left| Tony Martin
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|Înfrângere||21–5||align=left| Charles Murray
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|Înfrângere||21–4||align=left| Harold Brazier
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|Victorie||21–3||align=left| David Rivello
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|Victorie||20–3||align=left| Clarence Coleman
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|Înfrângere||19–3||align=left| Frankie Warren
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|Victorie||19–2||align=left| Francisco Tomas da Cruz
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|Înfrângere||18–2||align=left| Mike Mungin
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|Victorie||18–1||align=left| Marvin Garris
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|Victorie||17–1||align=left| David Silva
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|Victorie||16–1||align=left| Joey Olivera
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|Victorie||15–1||align=left| Joey Ferrell
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|Înfrângere||14–1||align=left| Edwin Curet
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|Victorie||14–0||align=left| Derrick McGuire
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|Victorie||13–0||align=left| Kelly Koble
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|Victorie||12–0||align=left| Hilario Mercedes
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|Victorie||11–0||align=left| Carlos Brandi
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|Victorie||10–0||align=left| John Rafuse
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|Victorie||9–0||align=left| Rafael Terrero
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|Victorie||8–0||align=left| Ken Willis
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|Victorie||7–0||align=left| Luis Pizzarro
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|Victorie||6–0||align=left| Darrell Curtis
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|Victorie||5–0||align=left| Jesus Carlos Velez
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|Victorie||4–0||align=left| Mike Peoples
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|Victorie||3–0||align=left| Chris Bajor
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|Victorie||2–0||align=left| Greg Young
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|Victorie||1–0||align=left| David Morin
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Referințe

Lectură suplimentară
 Halloran, Bob. Irish Thunder: The Hard Life & Times of Micky Ward  (Lyons Press, 2010) ISBN 978-0-7627-6986-5
 Cooley, Will. "'Vanilla Thrillas': Modern Boxing and White-Ethnic Masculinity", Journal of Sport and Social Issues 34:4 (noiembrie 2010), pp. 418–437.

Legături externe
 Official Micky Ward Web Site
 Team Micky Ward Charities

Nașteri în 1965
Boxeri americani
Americani din secolul al XX-lea
Americani din secolul al XXI-lea
Americani în viață

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Description: 7766 is north bound with its manifest freight at Fairfax, SC.
Description: A CSX northbound passes under a bridge in Talbotton GA.
Description: Two CSX Dash 8s lead a westbound train at Milepost 215.
Description: The rock train formerly known as K948 with a solid train of the new Florida Rock hoppers.
Description: Unit double 7, double 6 is part of a 6 unit Q364.
Description: Q364 eastbound with 6 units at Fonda.
Description: Two CSX GE wide cabs power an eastbound autorack as it crosses Bennetts Corners Road.
Description: CSX C40-8W 7766 leads Q57809 (Birmingham Al. to Louisville Ky.) through Gaithers.


The reefs of the northern Bahamas, as elsewhere in the world, are affected by two significant factors: climate change and pollution. Stepping carefully over the sharp pointy rocks of controversy, I've avoided the term 'global warming' and any associated implication that humans (oh, and methane from cows) are largely to blame for the first factor; but on any view, ocean pollution is the responsibility of mankind (and not even the cows).
That said, an exploration of the reefs of Abaco or Grand Bahama will reveal not just the astounding variety of mobile marine life but also the plentiful and colourful static marine life – for example the beautiful and Christmassy orange cup coral in the header image. Here are some more corals from the reefs, with a mix of sponges added in.
This rather intriguing photo shows a hermit crab's conch home that presumably the occupant grew out of and left behind in the delicate coral branches as it went search of a more spacious shell dwelling.
This entry was posted in Abaco, Bahamas Conservation, Bahamas Marine Life, Marine Life Abaco and tagged Abaco Barrier Reef, Abaco Coral, Abaco Marine Conservation, Abaco Reefs, Bahamas Marine Conservation, Bahamas Reef Life, Coral Reef, Coral Reef Bahamas, Melinda Riger Photography, Reef Eco-system. Bookmark the permalink.


Good-. Publishers cloth rubbed and a little worn. Hinges cracked. Small closed tear to free front endpaper. A spot of foxing to far extremeties. Lightly thumbed. lx, 695pp.
Published by: London: Macmillan and Co.
Edition: 1st Edition, First printing thus. The Globe Edition.
About this title: A collection of stories and poetry by Oliver Goldsmith. With biographical introduction by Professor David Masson.


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Home Nieuws Eight-year-old daughter of Awlaki killed in US raid on Yemen
Eight-year-old daughter of Awlaki killed in US raid on Yemen
Anwar al-Awlaki, who was killed in a US drone strike in 2011, was among children killed in a US raid on al-Qaeda militants in Yemen on Sunday.
"She was hit with a bullet in her neck and suffered for two hours," said the eight-year-old's grandfather.
"Why kill children? This is the new administration – it's very sad, a big crime," Nasser al-Awlaki told the Reuters news agency.
The raid that killed Awlaki's daughter was part of a dawn attack in southern Yemen on Sunday that killed a US commando and around 30 people including al-Qaeda suspects and civilians, the US military and local Yemeni officials said.
It was the first combat casualty of the Trump administration and its first operation in the war-damaged Arabian Peninsula nation against a powerful al-Qaeda branch that has been a frequent target of US drone strikes.
Medics at the scene said 30 people were killed, including 10 women and three children.
Dawn operation
"The operation began at dawn when a drone bombed the home of Abdulraouf al-Dhahab, and then helicopters flew up and unloaded paratroopers at his house and killed everyone inside," one resident said, who spoke on condition of anonymity.
"Next, the gunmen opened fire at the US soldiers who left the area, and the helicopters bombed the gunmen and a number of homes and led to a large number of casualties."
A Yemeni security officer and a local official corroborated that account. Fahd, a local resident who asked that only his first name be used, said several bodies remained under debris and that houses and the local mosque were damaged in the attack.
In a message on its official Telegram account, al-Qaeda mourned al-Dhahab as a "holy warrior" and other slain militants, without specifying how many of its fighters were killed.
The gun battle in the rural Yakla district of al-Bayda province also killed a senior leader in Yemen's al-Qaeda branch, Abdulraouf al-Dhahab, along with other militants, al-Qaeda said.
The US military said in a statement that 14 al-Qaeda militants died in the raid, which netted "information that will likely provide insight into the planning of future terror plots".
Three US commandoes were also wounded in the operation in which a military aircraft experienced a hard landing and was "intentionally destroyed in place".
Lees hier verder: http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/eight-year-old-daughter-qaeda-ideologue-awlaki-killed-us-raid-over-yemen-1582464676
Groep moslims verdacht vanwege trip naar Ardennen


text:
Tim Story - The Legend of Sleepy Hollow
Artist: Tim Story
If you're unfamiliar with the Rabbit Ears series of recordings, they are children's stories read or narrated by famous actors or actresses accompanied by music by famous and not quite as famous musicians. What is wonderful about the series is that no video is needed. Children (of all ages) can imagine their own scenes.
I believe this is the best of all marriages of voice and music in the series. Glenn Close's voice varies from character to character and her inflections reflect well the mood from each section: mysterious, spooky, joyful, ... the whole gambit. Tim Story's music matches the moods perfectly.
Tim Story is generally known (if at all) for his laid back, often minimilistic piano / keyboard playing. (I HATE the word "New Age", but that's the section of the store you're likely to find his beautiful instrumental music. His relatively recent releases on the Hearts of Space label include cello & / or oboe. I think he outdid himself with this recording in getting his music to fit the narration in each segment perfectly.
Tim Story - Wheat and Rust
Simply his best melodies, all played in synthesizer compositions.
Tim Wheater - Before the Rains
Artist: Tim Wheater
This 1988 album has a strong emphasis on melodic structure. His flutes and keyboards are complemented by others on keyboards, cello, percussion, guitar and voice, with some sax and oboe by Andy Mackay from Roxy Music. Wheater's flutes are ever present, but the focus is on ensemble playing rather than soloing, with effective interplay between flute, cello, and synthesizers. The mixture of acoustic instruments with synthesizers and classical elements makes Before the Rains a beautiful and peaceful treasure.
Here the last copy of the original Theta Label release!
Tom Habes - Soundlets Vol. 1 + 2 + 3
Artist: Tom Habes
P: 1996 + 1997 + 1998
Here the soundlets compsed by Tom Habes, which he composed for TV and movies.
The music reminds to the works of Chris Franke, even the sequences sound similiar.
Here the last set of all three CDs!
Tom Habes - Soundtracks Vol. 1
Here the soundtracks compsed by Tom Habes, which he composed for TV and movies.
Tom Habes - The Other Side
This was his first excursion to more soundtrack style music like Chris Franke plays. This is more classical than his Optical Image style music.
Tom Newman - Aspects
Artist: Tom Newman
Brilliant music, in different styles. He is the technician of Mike Oldfiled and many times you can hear that in his tunes.
He also sounds like Tomita or Eddie Jobson sometimes. A brilliant release , also known from the broadcast in the late 80s on the landscape chanel.
Tom Seche - Step by Step
Artist: Tom Seche
With this debut CD, the musician Tom Seche was voted as the best Newcomer of the year.
Melodic tracks full of a good selection of Synthesizersounds.
Tom Wave - Pacific Paradise
Artist: Tom Wave
The last of the recent imports produced by Gandalf, Tom Wave's Pacific Paradise is quite contemporary and acoustic. Wave's piano, bass, percussion and playing of the Matrix 12 computer synthesizer shows a delicate flair, moving in and around the guitar leads by Gandalf on three tracks, Toni Burger, who adds violin on two, and by Horky on flute on the lengthy final piece. Throughout, Tom Wave manages to create his own style of space music, adding nifty little undertones of shifting beats on "Off the Beaten Track" and the joyous, memorable arrangement of "Wave of Bliss."
Tomita - Grand Canyon (Japan)
Artist: Tomita
P: 1982/ 1991
Japan version.
Tomita spicing things up a little more with his electronic sounds. To conclude then: a dramatic, beautiful musical evocation of perhaps the most awesome natural feature on the earth, wonderfully arranged for synths.
"Sunrise" is a delightfully evocative piece which gradually builds in intensity with the sun & has wonderful sounds c/o Mr T. "Painted Desert" is a moody sort of tone poem suited to electronic interpretation.
"On the trail" is a riotous semi-comic track featuring cowboy song.
"Sunset" is a perfect compliment to "sunrise". An exceptionally strong romantic melodic line here conjures up inter-war Americana.
"Cloudurst" is a fitting finale which quotes from the previous movements.
Tomita - The Mind of the Universe Live at Linz, 1984
On September 8, 1984, Isao Tomita presented a live, outdoor concert on the shore of the Danube River in Linz, Austria, for an audience of 80,000 people. The concert was called "The Mind of the Universe", and through his interpretations of classical music, Mr. Tomita was attempting to describe the 15 billion year history of the universe. He employed 13 channels of sound, including one from a helicopter 1,500 feet above the river, multi-channels on either side of the river and on a ship that also carried the violinist, shakuhachi player and a chorus of 100 Austrian singers. Special lighting, lasers, fireworks and other visual effects enhanced the sound presentation. Tomita's "stage", where he controlled the sound, was a specially constructed pyramid suspended from a crane near the river.
Since this recording was made from the sound performed by the audience at this live concert, various extraneous noises and varying sonic perspectives will be evident. These are normally encountered at outdoor concerts. The selections on this record are among those presented at the concert.
Tomita - The Ravel Album
Subtitled 'The Ravel Album', this album was also released in the USA as 'Boléro' with different packaging and a different running order.
A 7" and 12" single of 'Bolero' (the tune) was released in the UK by popular demand in the light of the success of the movie "10" starring Bo Derek and Dudley Moore.
It actually hit the Top 75!
Tomita says that this is his favourite album. It was presented to his daughter on her marriage. His daughter's name and that of her fianceé were written using grass in the picture of 'Daphnis et Chloé'
Toto Blanke - Electric Circus
Artist: Toto Blanke
With Vesala on drums, Jasper Vant Hof on keyboards (and with very unique sounds - all analog) and the 'Mahavishnu era Mclaughling' influenced Toto Blanke you get one hell of a dynamic trio. All the pieces seem to have been constructed around the analog keyboard (some tremendous sequencer drenched pieces!) and although the jazz element is always present there is also a strong progressive and mid 70s fusion style. Don't let the 'fusion' word scare you as here that is precisely what gives this record a strong original sound (rather than coming up with yet another Mahavishnu, Return to Forever or Weather Report copy). For example, Toto plays the mandolin on one piece and is one of the most memorable solos of the album. Also, Vant Hof really shines in his soloing and sounds picked. Vesala is, as always, just the perfect poly rhythmic drummer capable of monster grooves too. If you like melodic yet experimental fusion or like Krautrock at it's most creative than download this baby now! you won't regret it!
Toto Blanke - Fools Paradise
"Fools Paradise", music for an unfinished film.
Sometimes experimental, sometimes jazzy.
Trancendental Anarchists - Cluster One
Artist: Trancendental Anarchists
Another nice release from Silent Records. This is one of the few Ambient albums that I feel safe driving to (since I've been known to fall asleep at the wheel -- it's genetic). Some tracks have a decent amount of beats, but they're not very demanding. The rest are smooth and tonal, and drift very nicely.
Tranceport - Tranceglobal
Artist: Tranceport
This was their first release on the Surreal to Real label, which stands for high class EM.
The tracks are rhythmic and melodic with some new sounds.
TUU - The Frozen Lands
Artist: TUU
Definitely a departure from the dense tribal atmospheres of previous Tuu recordings, The Frozen Lands is equally entrancing, just an alternate means of arriving at a different location. I would certainly liked to have heard more, but grant a 9.1 for these beautifully shapeless artifacts from another sonic region. In his first solo release, Martin Franklin steers Tuu's sound away from the humid tribal excursions of, say, Terma. Instead, this 21-minute mini-disc delivers a panoramic slice of otherworldy vistas straight from The Frozen Lands. Gone are the ethnic instruments and earthy rhythms; this is a place of rolling clouds of sound, an unkown area bathed in washes of lightness and darkness.
Ulrich Schnauss - A long Way to fall
Artist: Ulrich Schnauss
After a six-year absence from the New Releases shelf at your local record store, German shoegaze/electronica maestro Ulrich Schnauss is back with a new album called A Long Way to Fall. Due for a mysteeeeerious early 2013 release, Schnauss' latest will come out via Domino in the US and through his own Scripted Realities label in the rest of the world. On his fourth album, the My Bloody Valentine-lovin' bleep-blip-blopper is all about the synthesizer. According to Schnauss: "While I had spent a couple of years mainly listening to songwriting based music (a lot of 'indie'/band-type stuff), I was now rediscovering my love for electronic music based on more open structures. This provided the main inspiration of trying to record an album that would celebrate the synthesizer as the very capable musical instrument that it is, but without the need to disguise it behind a wall of echo and reverb."
That's right, Ulrich! Say it loud! We're synthesizer lovers and proud! But the album isn't just about synths and shoegaze and blip bloop blops. No! It's also about art. And not just musical art. For Schnauss' latest, the London-based photographers/visual artists Nat Urazmetova and Anastasija Nikitina have crafted visual works to go along with the tracks "A Ritual in Time and Death" and "I Take Comfort in Your Ignorance." The latter track is also coming out as a single, with remixes by Tycho and ASC. As Missy Elliot once said, "Come, get your art on."
Ultrabass - Planet SYS
Artist: Ultrabass
Hypnotic energy music, with hypnotic sound-sequencing.
Ultrabass - Trance Beats
Hypnotic jammin music, with some eastern influences and relaxed rhythms.
Heimann - Twilight Voyager
Erik Wollo - Sojourns


I do believe it's Spring..
The air is warming, the birds are singing, I do believe spring is finally here.
Of all the delights that come with spring, I think my favorite is the bright green buds, on greyish-brown branches, which enclose delicate fruit blossoms, preparing to explode.
Just wanted to thank you for connecting me to Little Blue Deer. My blog is on her list for a "spa day" sometime in May!! very excited. M.
I do believe you are right! Even though today is the rainy type of spring, the wet feels different than winter rain. With all the buds getting ready to burs forth and pink clouds of blossoms lining the streets it's hard not to be happy! Speaking of happy, I love the new flower photo on your blog header. So brilliant and pretty!
Can't wait!! Coming back from Florida last night to this cold weather was a bit of a rude awakening but I can tell things are about to burst – shouldn't be long now!!


Santa Fe, NM Realtor Victoria T. Murphy | Sotheby's International Realty, Inc.
Victoria Murphy is a descendant of some of Santa Fe's earliest Spanish settlers and strives to connect the city's newest residents to its rich past. Victoria loves working in real estate and the constant opportunity to meet new people and explore Santa Fe's homes. She grew up surround by the history and architecture of Santa Fe and they are integral parts of her identity. On her mother's side, the Sosaya's, Roybal's and Gonzales', her family has been in Santa Fe since 1598. Her grandfather was a builder who constructed many of the classic homes on the Eastside and laid out several of the most historic streets, Sosaya Lane, San Antonio and San Pasqual.
Victoria's mother is a nationally celebrated Hispanic artist, Monica Sosaya Halford and her father, Richard Halford, was a renowned architect who designed many downtown buildings and homes. He also owned a small real estate company, La Mancha Realty, and had always hoped his daughter would follow him into the business. Much to his delight she eventually did!
Her clientele are from diverse backgrounds and price ranges and many come from out of state and Victoria enjoys sharing the history of Santa Fe with them as they explore the city. Victoria has served as Chair of the Government Affairs Committee for SFAR and Chair of the Legislative Committee for RANM. Victoria is currently on the Education Committee, Grievance Committee, Government Affairs Committee, and is Immediate Past-President of the Santa Fe Association of Realtors (SFAR), and is on the Legislative Committee, Pro Standards Committee, Mediation Committee, Budget and Finance Committee, Board of Directors and Trustee for Stanley Mathis Foundation, RPAC-NM Trustee, and NE District Vice-President for the Realtors Association of New Mexico (RANM).
Designations/organizations: GRI, CRS, SRES, RSPS, ABR, NAHREP, and ePro.


"With a basis of mutual respect and trust, we discovered many common grounds, including the importance of prayer and fellowship, the understanding of God as One, and our shared forefather, Abraham," the communique reads.
The group pursued a Certificate of Advanced Studies in Interreligious Studies, which is accredited by the University of Geneva under the Swiss Higher Education Programme for Continuing Education.
As the group left the peaceful environment of Bossey, they acknowledged that they were encouraged by the fact that between difficult conversations, they could dance, laugh, and eat together.
"Our hope inspires us to bring these experiences, based on respect and human dignity, back to our own contexts: promoting understanding and cultivating opportunities for interreligious encounter to foster peace," concluded the communique.


text:
Q: Custom Likelihood Regression Pymc3 I am struggling to implement a linear regression in pymc3 with a custom likelihood.
Suppose you have two independent variables $x_1, x_2$ and a target variable $y$, as well as an indicator variable $\delta$.

*

*When $\delta$ is 0, the likelihood function is standard least squares

*When $\delta$ is 1, the likelihood function is the least squares contribution only when the target variable is greater than the prediction

Mathematically, this is given as:
$$L(y_{pred}, y) = \frac{(1-\delta)}{2m}\sum_{i=1}^{m}(y_{pred_i} - y_i)^2 + \frac{\delta}{2n} \sum_{i=1}^{n} I(y_{pred_i}, y_i)(y_{pred_i} - y_i)^2 $$
For indicator $\delta$, $m$ points with indicator $\delta = 0$, and $n$ points with indicator $\delta = 1$. Where $I$ is given by:
$$I(y_{pred_i}, y_i) =  \begin{cases}
      0 & y_i < y_{pred_i} \\
      1& y_i \geq y_{pred_i}
   \end{cases}
$$
Example snippet of observed data:
x_1  x_2     observed_target
10    1   0   100
20    2   0   50
5    -1   1   200
10   -2   1   100

Does anyone know how this can be implemented in pymc3? As a starting point...
model =  pm.Model()
with model as ttf_model:

  intercept = pm.Normal('param_intercept', mu=0, sd=5)
  beta_0 = pm.Normal('param_x1', mu=0, sd=5)
  beta_1 = pm.Normal('param_x2', mu=0, sd=5)
  std = pm.HalfNormal('param_std', beta = 0.5)

  x_1 = pm.Data('var_x1', df['x1'])
  x_2 = pm.Data('var_x2', df['x2'])

  mu = (intercept + beta_0*x_0 + beta_1*x_1)

A: This is as far as I've gotten:
import pymc3 as pm
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import theano.tensor as tt

data = pd.read_csv("pymc.csv")

with pm.Model() as model1:
    intercept = pm.Normal('intercept', mu=0, sd=5)
    beta_0 = pm.Normal('beta_0', mu=0, sd=5)
    beta_1 = pm.Normal('beta_1', mu=0, sd=5)
    std = pm.HalfNormal('std', sigma=0.5)
    x_1 = pm.Data('x_1', data['x_1'])
    x_2 = pm.Data('x_2', data['x_2'])
    indicator = pm.Data('indicator', data['indicator'])
    y_pred = (intercept + beta_0*x_1 + beta_1*x_2)
    observed = pm.Normal("observed",
        mu = y_pred, sigma = std,
        observed = data['observed_target']
    )
    samples = pm.sample()

This runs, of course.
def logp(y_pred, y, indicator, total):
    m = pm.math.sum(1 - indicator)
    n = pm.math.sum(indicator)
    greater = pm.math.gt(y, y_pred)
    out = 0
    out = pm.math.sum(
        (
            (indicator * greater) * pow(y_pred - y, 2)
            / (2 * pm.math.sum(indicator))
        )
        + (
            ((1 - indicator) * pow(y_pred - y, 2))
            / (2 * pm.math.sum(1 - indicator))
        )

    )
    return out

with pm.Model() as model2:
    intercept = pm.Normal('intercept', mu=0, sd=5)
    beta_0 = pm.Normal('beta_0', mu=0, sd = 5)
    beta_1 = pm.Normal('beta_1', mu=0, sd = 5)
    # std = pm.HalfNormal('std', sigma = 0.5)
    x_1 = pm.Data('x_1', data['x_1'])
    x_2 = pm.Data('x_2', data['x_2'])
    indicator = pm.Data('indicator', np.array(data['indicator']))
    y_pred = (intercept + beta_0*x_1 + beta_1*x_2)
    observed = pm.DensityDist(
        'observed',
        logp,
        observed = {
            "y_pred": y_pred,
            'y': data['observed_target'],
            'indicator': indicator,
            'total': len(data)
        },
    )
    pm.sample()

This fails with errors:
ValueError: Mass matrix contains zeros on the diagonal.
The derivative of RV `beta_1`.ravel()[0] is zero.
The derivative of RV `intercept`.ravel()[0] is zero.

I might revisit. Otherwise, this might be a decent starting point?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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With CNB Remote Deposit, you can scan checks and deposit them into your account - without having to leave your office!
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Men's slim fit polo shirt from Tommy Jeans. Crafted from soft cotton piqué, the polo comprises a classic collar, a three-button placket and short sleeves with rib-knit cuffs. Features contrasting tri-colour stitching and the signature Tommy Hilfiger flag logo at the chest. Complete with a side split vented hem. 100% Cotton Model is 185cm/6'1 and wears a size M.


Foreign currency deposits by Non-Resident Ethiopians or Non-Resident Ethiopian origin should be made in one or more of the following currencies.
Correct contact of the account holder with the opening bank through telex and/or letters or other authenticable communication means.
Applicant who could not be physically present to open the NR account in the domestic banks shall use the Ethiopian Embassies nearby to prove their identities.


Sound Underwater Images, by John Perry Fish and H. Arnold Carr (1990), is a highly acclaimed text and reference book for users of side scan sonar imaging systems within the scientific, marine engineering, oceanographic and Naval communities. It is a valuable resource to individuals and institutions involved with underwater imaging, sonar design, construction and application as well as those concerned with the collection and interpretation of side scan sonar data. Used in classrooms and at-sea, Sound Underwater Images is a definitive guide for the generation and interpretation of sonar data. The text takes the reader from the early design of sonar systems to how they have advanced to the present day side scan sonar images. Chapter topics include: - Underwater Sound as a Tool - Applications of Side Scan Sonar - - Theory of Operation - System Configurations - - At-Sea Operations - Record Interpretation - - Mosaics - Detail Mapping - Sonar Targets - Features: an Appendix with common calculations and tables useful during sonar survey operations, 190 pages, 170 B&W illustrations, and spiral binding to lay flat when open.


text:
Harold Michael Harvey
We are in the business of writing and publishing
Justice In The Round
Paper Puzzle
Ralph Worrell A Servant Warrior Goes Home
March 28, 2018	2	By Michael
Group photo following Ralph Worrell funeral, March 28, 2018
Photo:(c) 2018 Harold Michael Harvey
Ralph Worrell was a servant warrior. Like any warrior he was tenacious. But he was above all else a servant. He embodied the spirit of the drum major Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. preached was necessary to be first in the kingdom.
Worrell was born in Barbados 88 years ago. His ancestors were among those Africans who could not be broken for service as a slave in America.
They did not make it to the mainland during the period of enslavement. The slaveholders feared Africans with the warrior spirit would revolt thereby toppling the free labor system which drove the American economy.
At an early age, Worrell moved to New York where he became active in a Black labor union. He organized Black union members to fight for their fair share of jobs.
Around 1964, Worrell's union sought to lend a hand to Blacks in the south who were fighting for justice and equality. They sent Worrell to work alongside Dr. King. He was instructed to assist King in whatever manner he deemed necessary. The union paid his salary on Dr. King's staff.
Worrell was essentially what we call a "body man" today. He was Dr. King's body man. He unselfishly did whatever it took to make King comfortable. And when the word was given it was time to march, Worrell was ready to go.
One could say he was the spook who sat by the door. Spook not in the sense of a spy, but a ghostly figure, who was always present, but never calling attention to himself, yet forever ready to spring into action and be of service to the president of the organization or a guest waiting to see the president.
For 54 years Worrell was first in rendering service to the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. He was the straw that stirred the SCLC drink. He turned the lights off in the evening and turned them back on at the beginning of a new day.
Worrell served all of the SCLC presidents from King to Charles Steele, Jr., who eulogized Worrell as "a man who served with an empty pocket, but was always ready to be of service to somebody else."
Perhaps no figures cast a larger shadows over the work of SCLC than King and Worrell.
Worrell died last week. Two weeks before the 50th anniversary of the assassination of Dr. King.
When the servant warrior set out for home, there were no network television cameras at Cascade United Methodist Church to witness it. No one from the Pulitzer Prize winning daily newspaper in town was present to record Worrell's farewell.
The media did not know that nothing was done at SCLC in the last 54 years without the aid and service of Ralph Worrell. You can google him and his name will not come right up.
He did not want to take credit for what he was doing. He did not have a need to feel important. He wanted to do God's will. He did his work quietly, gracefully, expertly, tenaciously.
"What I learned from Mr. Worrell is wisdom," said Samuel Mosteller a longtime member of SCLC.
"I traveled all over Louisiana one year with Mr. Worrell. I got to know him pretty good. He did not speak unless he knew what he was talking about. He would study an issue until he knew what was going on."
Mosteller said that many people thought Worrell was a mere driver and were not aware of his many contributions to the movement.
"He was very smart, but he did not care to show it. The only reason he was the driver is because he came south to Atlanta to do whatever made Dr. King's job easier. After Dr. King was assassinated he stayed and did what he could to help Dr. Abernathy [Ralph David] and the rest of the presidents, Mosteller said.
According to Maynard Eaton, Communications Director for SCLC, Worrell got his name in the newspaper one time. That was recently. A story that Eaton pitched to the Atlanta Journal Constitution.
"He was real pleased with that. It made him happy. I am glad that I pitched that story to the AJC," Eaton said.
In his eulogy, Dr. Steele promised the spirit of Ralph Worrell,"we will continue to march."
Rev. Dr. Joseph Lowery wheels himself home following the services for Ralph Worrell, March 28, 2018.
Photo: (c) 2018 Harold Michael Harvey
Rev. Dr. Joseph Lowery, President Emeritus of SCLC said, "Ralph was my friend. He always made me comfortable. He drove me most places I went."
Then Lowery's voice cracked: "I am going to miss Ralph for the rest of my days. So long Ralph, I will see you in the morning."
Following the service, the 95 year-old Lowery without Worrell to drive him any longer, drove his motorized wheelchair down the driveway of the church to his home about 100 yards across the street.
Harold Michael Harvey is an American novelist and essayist. He is a Contributor at The Hill, SCLC National Magazine, Southern Changes Magazine and Black College Nines. He can be contacted at hmharvey@haroldmichaelharvey.com
CategoryArticle
TagsCharles Steele Jr Civil Rights Civil Rights Movement Dr Joseph Lowery SCLC
Harold Michael Harvey is a Past President of The Gate City Bar Association and is the recipient of the Association's R. E. Thomas Civil Rights Award. He is the author of Paper Puzzle and Justice in the Round: Essays on the American Jury System, and a two-time winner of Allvoices' Political Pundit Prize. His work has appeared in Facing South, The Atlanta Business Journal, The Southern Christian Leadership Conference Magazine, Southern Changes Magazine, Black Colleges Nines, and Medium.
Constance Moore says:
I read the article about Mr. Worrell in the AJC. I am so happy he got to see the article. Good tribute, Michael. Connie Moore
I missed the AJC article.Maynard said he was really pleased with it.Thanks for the compliment, Connie.
My C. T. Vivian Story: A Powerful Flame That Burned Brightly
My C. T. Vivian Story
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