text:
North Carolina releases NCAA's Notice of Allegations
Jeff Eisenberg
UNC Chancellor Carol Folt addresses the media following meeting in May. (AP)
Almost two weeks after it confirmed it had received a Notice of Allegations from the NCAA, the University of North Carolina finally revealed the contents of that 59-page document on Thursday afternoon.
The Notice of Allegations hit the Tar Heels with a lack of institutional control charge and four other potentially serious violations in the wake of the NCAA's lengthy investigation into the academic fraud that took place at the school.
The first two allegations state that North Carolina student-athletes received impermissible benefits unavailable to the rest of the student body when their academic counselors obtained special assistance and privileges for them. The next two allegations target African American Studies department officials Deborah Crowder and Dr. Julius Nyang'oro for their failure to cooperate in the NCAA's investigation.
The final allegation is the most serious one, the charge of lack of institutional control. It asserts that the athletic department failed to properly monitor the actions of members of its academic support staff and cast a blind eye to why so many athletes were enrolled in courses in the African American Studies department.
"Although the general student body also had access to the anomalous AFRI/AFAM courses," the Notice of Allegations reads, "student-athletes received preferential access to these anomalous courses, enrolled in these anomalous courses at a disproportionate rate to that of the general student body and received other impermissible benefits not available to the general student body in connection with these courses."
The Notice of Allegations arrived nearly a year after the NCAA decided to reopen its investigation into sham classes offered at North Carolina in the African American Studies department. Federal prosecutor Kenneth Wanstein subsequently uncovered new information pertaining to the scandal, revealing last October that more than 3,100 students were enrolled in the classes in question over an 18-year period and that student-athletes accounted for nearly half the course enrollments.
North Carolina must respond within 90 days to the Notice of Allegations, which it received May 21. School officials will then meet with the NCAA in Indianapolis and await a ruling on what the penalties will be, a decision that history suggests likely won't come until sometime early next year.
Since the allegations against North Carolina are so broad rather than sport-specific, it's unclear how the school's football and men's basketball programs will be affected. There's no pertinent case for the NCAA's committee on infractions to use as a model as it determines penalties, so it could come down to a gut feeling from members of the committee.
The sport mentioned most frequently in the notice is actually North Carolina's women's basketball program. That's because the notice alleges that women's basketball counselor Jan Boxill committed major violations in the form of improper academic assistance and special arrangements to women's basketball players.
As part of North Carolina's statement, athletic director Bubba Cunningham and Chancellor Carol L. Folt acknowledged previous mistakes but also noted the efforts of the university to address them. Here's the full statment:
"We take the allegations the NCAA made about past conduct very seriously. This is the next step in a defined process, and we are a long way from reaching a conclusion. We will respond to the notice using facts and evidence to present a full picture of our case. Although we may identify some instances in the NCAA's notice where we agree and others where we do not, we are committed to continue pursuing a fair and just outcome for Carolina.
"We believe the University has done everything possible to address the academic irregularities that ended in 2011 and prevent them from recurring. We have implemented more than 70 reforms and initiatives to ensure and enhance academic integrity. We will continue to monitor the effectiveness of those measures and, wherever needed, put additional safeguards in place."
Jeff Eisenberg is the editor of The Dagger on Yahoo Sports. Have a tip? Email him at daggerblog@yahoo.com or follow him on Twitter!
Follow @JeffEisenberg


Most solution providers probably would agree that specializing in one or more vertical markets is a great way to build their business. After all, the more you know about how another business operates, the more qualified you are as an IT partner to recommend and implement the right solutions. The real heavy lifting is in determining which verticals are right for your business, which have the highest profit potential and how to get started. One potential opportunity: The retail vertical. Here's why.
The retail market is estimated to be a $40B opportunity in North America—typically broken down into specialty retail, hospitality, and convenience and grocery store segments. One of the truly interesting aspects of the retail market is its growing integration with mobility. Mobile commerce is set to be the fastest growing area in mobility, fueled by—among other things—the growing popularity of comparing prices online before or during a trip to the store. Cross-channel marketing is becoming the norm for many retailers, and it's a prime opportunity for savvy solution providers.
We're so confident in the growth potential of the retail market that Avnet Technology Solutions recently exhibited at the 2011 National Retail Federation's Annual Convention and Expo (known as the "Big Show") held in New York City. With retail sales on the rebound, attendance at the event was up 20 percent, giving us a terrific opportunity to discuss retail market solutions with the estimated 20,000 retail executives and vendors from more than 60 countries. The major industry themes of this year's sessions focused on the rebounding U.S. economy, consumer spending, sustainability and mobile retailing. We knew we were in the right place.
We shared space in three booths with nine of our solution provider partners and two of our suppliers. All of us were delighted to watch hundreds of prospective customers stop by to learn more about the retail-specific solutions our partners could deliver. The solution providers sharing booth space with us weren't there solely because we had good candy (though according to Joe Delgado, director of our RetailPath solutions practice we did); they were there with us because they understand the value of partnership and the rewards it can bring.
Amid the improving economy, 2011 brings with it many exciting growth opportunities for solution providers. As you're working through your business plans for this year and beyond, I encourage you consider retail or one of the other booming vertical markets out there right now. If you're not already an expert on the market you choose, you'll be money ahead by working with a partner who is.
Michael Houghton is VP of vertical market solutions for Avnet Technology Solutions, Americas. Monthly guest blogs such as this one are part of The VAR Guy's annual sponsorship.


text:
Wormaldia sinocornuta is een schietmot uit de familie Philopotamidae. De soort komt voor in het Oriëntaals gebied.

Schietmot uit het Oriëntaals gebied
Philopotamidae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Digitizing Race in 1K
Digitizing Race: Visual Cultures of the Internet
By Lisa Nakamura
University of Minnesota Press
ix, 248 pp.
There's solid discussion of movies, a J. Lo video, and magazine pages – what really impresses is the exploration of less mainstream user-created digital images: AIM buddy icons of veiled cartoon bodies presented in a few animated pixels, the All Look Same CJK quiz site, and signature images used on pregnancy-related sites. Uncovering these overlooked artifacts helps to show how the body (racial, gendered, sexually oriented, and sometimes pregnant) is manifesting itself throughout cyberspace, being shaped, presented, and questioned by those often dismissed as mere "consumers." The application of visual studies to the digital realm is deft; even though we don't get the details of the emergence and technology of, say, GIF89a, digital materiality is treated well. Narkamura critiques existing surveys of Internet use by different racial groups as missing subtleties and overlooking how "users" produce and well as consume new media, errors she didn't make in this eye-opening book.
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From 0 to 1 in 1K
From 0 to 1: An Authoritative History of Modern Computing
Edited by Atsushi Akera and Frederik Nebeker
xi, 228 p.
The fifteen short essays barely cover the basics, sometimes repeat information, and focus doggedly on industry, not creative or personal use. Yet this is a valuable, interesting collection. The essays identify forces and lineages in computing history, rather than just laying out the bare chronicle. Information technologies before electronic computing are discussed, although the first part of Campell-Kelly and Asprey's Computer: A History of the Information Machine is better overall on that topic. Also, the authors manage, in their compressed writings, to dip into delightful details: how Vannevar Bush's invention of the torque amplifier allowed for analog integration to be done via a disk-wheel; why William S. Burroughs's "crank-activated adder" was a success; the story of ADR's AUTOFLOW, the first software product, which produced largely useless but obligatory flowcharts. There are some notable omissions, such as the notebook computer, along with great "further reading" lists and appendices on sources.
GTxA at UCSC
Welcome to the new home of Grand Text Auto! There are still a few lingering DNS problems, but if you've made it to this page you're now seeing us at the Jack Baskin School of Engineering of UC Santa Cruz. Both Michael and Noah are now faculty in the Baskin School's department of Computer Science — which hosts the UC system's first computer game degree. We'll be updating the template and doing some further changes soon.
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Digital Media & Learning Competition 2008
The deadline is October 15, 2008 for the second HASTAC/MacArthur Digital Media and Learning Competition, which has participatory learning as its theme. Apply for big bucks – or, if you're an upstart but don't have a gigantic digital learning project to fund, apply for smaller but quite helpful bucks:
Innovation in Participatory Learning Awards support large-scale digital learning projects
Young Innovator Awards are targeted at 18-25 year olds
Check the site for all the details.
Slide Scroller
Ian Bogost's game Honorarium is now available on EA's Sims Carnival (direct link to the game). In it, you pick up puzzle pieces and match them to give a lecture or to answer the occasional question of an urchin-like character – presumably a student, who emits a heart after a correct answer to express either enlightenment or having on a crush on you. If you do well, you get invitations to go elsewhere and give lectures with famous landmarks visible out of the window of otherwise identical classrooms. I have not gotten to the level where you get to be on The Colbert Report.
the annual jobs post 2008-2009
Like holiday decorations in your favorite retail outlet, faculty positions are being announced earlier and earlier every year!! Looking back on 2007's post by Noah on available spots in the digital arts and humanities, game studies, and other positions related to those who might read (and post on) this blog, and seeing what a valuable asset to the community such postings are, I thought I'd start a "2008-2009" academic application year by beginning with an opening at Dartmouth College in Music.
This is a preview of the annual jobs post 2008-2009 . Read the full post.
Digit Art and Scholarship in Residence
It's good to see expanding and continuing opportunities for residencies in digital media – for both scholars and artists.
At Cornell, there's a chance for six to eight people to earn Society for the Humanities Fellowships to study "Networks/Mobilities" – relating to the theme of the recent HASTAC II conference in Irvine and Los Angeles. Those selected will work with two senior scholars in residence. In Fall 2009, this person will be Keller Easterling, Associate Professor of Architecture, Yale University. The Spring 2009 scholar will be Brian Massumi, Professor of Communications, University of Montreal. Application procedures, requirements, and terms. The hard deadline for receipt of all application materials is 1 October 2008.
This is a preview of Digit Art and Scholarship in Residence . Read the full post.
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Shadows Phone Home
Aya Karpinska has just published a piece for the iPhone and iPod Touch, Shadows Never Sleep. You can get it for free from the iTunes App Store – just search for it by title. Aya writes:
the piece uses a combinatory structure and the rhetoric of children's literature to tell the story of a restless shadow on a nighttime adventure. I describe it as a "zoom narrative" which takes advantage of the multi-touch interface of the iPhone and iPod Touch to allow readers to swipe their fingers across the screen and zoom in and out of images instead of turning pages.
This is a preview of Shadows Phone Home . Read the full post.
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Foundations of Digital Games Getting Ready to Ship
FDG '09, the International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games is a focal point for academic efforts in all areas of research involving computer and console games, game technologies, game play and game design. Previously known as the Conference on Game Development and Computer Science Education (GDCSE), this year's conference broadens its scope to cover the breadth of game research and education. The conference is targeted at researchers making contributions that promote new game capabilities, designs, applications and modes of play.
This is a preview of Foundations of Digital Games Getting Ready to Ship . Read the full post.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Damzkit has released a new single Corner featuring Zlatan and they totally crushed it.
You must listen to this song because they showed an astonishing performance by delivering an impeccable vocal and lyrics on this track.
Corner is co.production by Deosbeatz and Dapiano. Mixed and mastered by Dapiano. Enjoy!!!
The post [Music] Damzkit Ft. Zlatan – Corner appeared first on Naijaloaded | Nigeria's Most Visited Music & Entertainment Website.


Nothing chases off the chills of winter like flowers in spring. WATERBROOK FLORIST can warm you up with beautiful springtime blooms. Whether you're looking for a springtime favorite: daffodils, tulips, iris, or a basket of mixed spring flowers, we can do it all. Know someone who needs a little pick-me-up? Order spring flowers and put a smile on their face. Treat yourself or someone else with the fancy-free feeling of spring flowers.
The sizzling summer sun is here to stay! Enjoy it safely inside with the addition of bright and cheery summer flowers. Send sunflowers, golden-yellow daisies, princess-pink carnations, or any other summertime favorite. You deserve a fun summer treat, and flowers are 0 calories! Need to send flowers to a friend or loved one out of town? No problem, WATERBROOK FLORIST in Sea Girt can help! Simply stop by, give us a call or shop online, WATERBROOK FLORIST is glad to help!
There's no denying it, the flowers of fall show the most fabulous color displays in nature. Who wouldn't want to bring these ruddy reds, deep browns and pumpkin-colored arrangements indoors? Flowers are easy decorations for spontanious fall parties. Maybe you know someone who needs a little uplifting? Let WATERBROOK FLORIST help you send fall flowers in a variety of autum colors.


Entrepreneurs who show active networking behaviour give more business assignments to other start-ups within their incubator. However, this behaviour is not rewarded with extra assignments for themselves.
Entrepreneurs who show active networking behaviour give more business assignments to other start-ups within their incubator. However, this behaviour is not rewarded with extra assignments for themselves. This is the surprising result from research on network behaviour within incubators for creative industries by Joris Ebbers. Incubators bring together start-up businesses by offering them office space against favourable rates and conditions. Ebbers is assistant-professor of Strategy at the University of Amsterdam Business School and specialises in the field of Entrepreneurship and Management in Creative Industries (ECMI), of which he is also track coordinator.


text:
Retail training centre opens in Liverpool One
Grosvenor has announced the launch of Academy One: Liverpool City Region, a retail training centre to be run in partnership with the National Skills Academy for Retail.
Based on Hanover Street in Liverpool One, the centre follows the launch of 18 academies across the UK in April this year. Managed by the UK Career Centre, Academy One will support retailers across the city centre and Merseyside from Ellesmere Port to Southport, St Helens and Knowsley.
The support will cover all aspects of the retail industry including recruitment and pre-employment training through to degree level qualifications and management training.
Merseyside has around 109,000 employees in retail, leisure, tourism and hospitality sector, with 60% of these in the retail sector.
Sara Carthy, Liverpool One human resources director, said: "In the tough economic climate it is more important than ever that employers can call on highly skilled and motivated people to drive the retail sector to success. Academy One – Love to Learn will be a centre for retail excellence and training that will continue to grow the strength of the retail offering of the region.
"Since the opening of Liverpool One over a year ago, Liverpool has risen from 15th to 5th in the Experian retail rankings, a meteoric rise and one that we want to continue through our focus and dedication on the retail sector. This is an exciting time for the retail industry and we are delighted to be part of Academy One; an important offering for the region."


Parents of New York City kids born in 2012 are now signing up their tots to enter public school kindergarten classrooms next fall. It can be a confusing process, and Chancellor Carmen Fariña deserves credit for making it easier, with crystal-clear information sessions all over the city.
But for 4-year-olds applying to gifted-and-talented programs, Fariña has refused an obvious solution to inequities that plague the system.
City G&T classes offer youngsters with an extra academic spark the chance to learn at an accelerated pace. Admission starts for pre-K-age kids and continues through third grade. Take a test, score in the 90th percentile, and you qualify.
Sounds simple and fair. It's not.
In the wealthier, whiter sections of the city, kids line up for the exam by the thousands — and many pass. In the poorer, predominantly black and Latino neighborhoods, far fewer kids take the test in the first place, and still fewer pass.
As a result, even as there are far more G&T-qualifying kids than slots on the Upper West Side and in Park Slope, in the Bronx's impoverished Districts 7 and 12 and Brooklyn's Districts 16 and 23, there no G&T classes at all because there aren't enough qualifying kids to fill a class.
This is not meritocracy. These are 4-year-olds, for whom demography must not be destiny.
There's an obvious fix, as proposed by Bronx Borough President Ruben Diaz and Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams and backed by a majority of the City Council: Get every 4-year-old in the city to take the test, so that any qualifying kid gets a fair shot at special classes.
At the November Panel for Educational Policy meeting, Bronx representative Geneal Chacon put the question to Fariña: "Why isn't this administration developing policies to test every student in a public universal pre-K program for a gifted class?"
Fariña didn't answer, stating instead that in those four districts, she is having children enter G&T programs in third grade — so that they can be assessed using not just the score on a single test, but on a range of measures seen up close and personal in their first few years of schooling.
Very nice, but it does nothing for the bright kids who are meeting the bar for kindergarten and will have to wait four years for a spot to open up.
And if assessing children in third grade is the best way, then how come there are kindergarten G&T classes in the city's 28 other districts?
Sounds like a tale of two cities.


Circular badge - Black - L Pack of 1 Ready-made badge with edging detail. Suitable for print, embroidery and transfer that can be sewn onto the garment.
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Circular badge - Gold - L Pack of 1 Ready-made badge with edging detail. Suitable for print, embroidery and transfer that can be sewn onto the garment.
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Circular badge - Green - L Pack of 1 Ready-made badge with edging detail. Suitable for print, embroidery and transfer that can be sewn onto the garment.
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Rectangular badge - Black - Pack of 1 Ready-made polyester rectangular badge with edging. Suitable for print, embroidery and transfers.font-family:'Segoe UI'"">To heat seal this product, pleasepress at 150 degrees with a medium pressure for 25 seconds. Do not move the badge until it is cold.
Rectangular badge - Blue - Pack of 1 Ready-made polyester rectangular badge with edging. Suitable for print, embroidery and transfers.font-family:'Segoe UI'"">To heat seal this product, pleasepress at 150 degrees with a medium pressure for 25 seconds. Do not move the badge until it is cold.
Rectangular badge - Gold - Pack of 1 Ready-made polyester rectangular badge with edging. Suitable for print, embroidery and transfers.font-family:'Segoe UI'"">To heat seal this product, pleasepress at 150 degrees with a medium pressure for 25 seconds. Do not move the badge until it is cold.
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Global law firms and clients are on high alert when it comes to data security. The unique nature of law firm network environments coupled with the size and scope of the sensitive unstructured data housed within them exposes firms, and clients alike, to a heightened level of vulnerability.
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text:
package io.reactivesocket.client;

import io.reactivesocket.Payload;
import io.reactivesocket.ReactiveSocket;
import io.reactivesocket.client.filter.FailureAwareClient;
import io.reactivex.subscribers.TestSubscriber;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.reactivestreams.Publisher;
import org.reactivestreams.Subscriber;
import org.reactivestreams.Subscription;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
import java.util.function.BiConsumer;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

public class FailureReactiveSocketTest {

    private final Payload dummyPayload = new Payload() {
        @Override
        public ByteBuffer getData() {
            return null;
        }

        @Override
        public ByteBuffer getMetadata() {
            return null;
        }
    };

    @Test
    public void testError() throws InterruptedException {
        testReactiveSocket((latch, socket) -> {
            assertEquals(1.0, socket.availability(), 0.0);
            Publisher<Payload> payloadPublisher = socket.requestResponse(dummyPayload);

            TestSubscriber<Payload> subscriber = new TestSubscriber<>();
            payloadPublisher.subscribe(subscriber);
            subscriber.awaitTerminalEvent();
            subscriber.assertComplete();
            double good = socket.availability();

            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            subscriber = new TestSubscriber<>();
            payloadPublisher.subscribe(subscriber);
            subscriber.awaitTerminalEvent();
            subscriber.assertError(RuntimeException.class);
            double bad = socket.availability();
            assertTrue(good > bad);
            latch.countDown();
        });
    }

    @Test
    public void testWidowReset() throws InterruptedException {
        testReactiveSocket((latch, socket) -> {
            assertEquals(1.0, socket.availability(), 0.0);
            Publisher<Payload> payloadPublisher = socket.requestResponse(dummyPayload);

            TestSubscriber<Payload> subscriber = new TestSubscriber<>();
            payloadPublisher.subscribe(subscriber);
            subscriber.awaitTerminalEvent();
            subscriber.assertComplete();
            double good = socket.availability();

            subscriber = new TestSubscriber<>();
            payloadPublisher.subscribe(subscriber);
            subscriber.awaitTerminalEvent();
            subscriber.assertError(RuntimeException.class);
            double bad = socket.availability();
            assertTrue(good > bad);

            try {
                Thread.sleep(200);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            double reset = socket.availability();
            assertTrue(reset > bad);
            latch.countDown();
        });
    }

    private void testReactiveSocket(BiConsumer<CountDownLatch, ReactiveSocket> f) throws InterruptedException {
        AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(0);
        TestingReactiveSocket socket = new TestingReactiveSocket(input -> {
            if (count.getAndIncrement() < 1) {
                return dummyPayload;
            } else {
                throw new RuntimeException();
            }
        });
        ReactiveSocketClient factory = new AbstractReactiveSocketClient() {
            @Override
            public Publisher<ReactiveSocket> connect() {
                return subscriber -> {
                    subscriber.onNext(socket);
                    subscriber.onComplete();
                };
            }

            @Override
            public double availability() {
                return 1.0;
            }

        };

        FailureAwareClient failureFactory = new FailureAwareClient(factory, 100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);

        CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);
        failureFactory.connect().subscribe(new Subscriber<ReactiveSocket>() {
            @Override
            public void onSubscribe(Subscription s) {
                s.request(1);
            }

            @Override
            public void onNext(ReactiveSocket socket) {
                f.accept(latch, socket);
            }

            @Override
            public void onError(Throwable t) {
                fail();
            }

            @Override
            public void onComplete() {}
        });

        latch.await(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On December 10, our firmreceived a favorable decisionfrom the United StatesSupreme Court in an opinionheralded by many as the highcourt's broad affirmation ofthe wide breadth and scopeof patentable subject matterunder 35. U.S.C. section 101.The case, in which we representedPioneer Hi-BredInternational, a DuPontcorporation, involved thepatentability of plants underthe patent statute.Pioneer sued J.E.M. AgSupply, who was alleged tohave been reselling, undertheories which includedinfringement of trade secretand under 17 issued patentson plants, many of whichwere also prosecuted by ourfirm. The defendant challengedthe validity of patentson plants issued under thepatent statute arguing thePlant Variety ProtectionStatute and the Plant PatentAct were intended byCongress to be the exclusiveforms of protection for plants.There were 15 amicus briefsfiled which included nearlyevery major group or companyin the biotech industry.The case was argued by EdSease of our firm on October 3and the decision was handeddown December 10. Thedecision held that the broadscope of 101 included plantseven though there wereother more specific statutesthat addressed plants.Legal analysts are viewingthis case as an importantpatent case that affirms theintended broad scope of thepatent statute to protect awide variety of technologies.


"Please don't let me die here." That is what Bill Hart, vice president of global information technology operations for McCormick & Company, remembers saying to himself over and over again after he collapsed during a heart attack in the bathroom of a plane headed for Paris in 2005.
Mr. Hart had scheduled a week of business meetings in Avignon, in the south of France, but no sooner had the plane taken off than he began feeling nauseated and short of breath. He rushed to the toilet, vomited and fell on the floor, so weak he could not pull himself up.
"I was absolutely suffocating, and all I could think about was someone finding me dead on the floor with my trousers down," Mr. Hart said.
Fortunately, he was discovered while still breathing, and the plane made an emergency landing in Newfoundland. After spending seven days in a hospital, he was flown by an ambulance jet back to his hometown, Baltimore, where he underwent an operation to repair a blocked artery.
Since then, he has lost 30 pounds, and today he follows an exercise regimen recommended by his cardiologist. "I feel very lucky to be alive," he said.
A sudden illness or injury in an unfamiliar locale -- or, as in Mr. Hart's case, in the air -- has always been a job hazard for business travelers. Such a turn for the worse of an employee's health has also become a growing headache for companies as they expand into new overseas markets.
And now, with air traffic surging to the level before 9/11 and the flu season just getting under way, the perils of the road are reaching a peak, travel industry analysts say.
"Companies are realizing that their employees are at much greater risk while traveling than at home," said Tim Daniel, the chief operating officer of International SOS, a Philadelphia company that coordinates emergency travel home for Americans who are injured or otherwise disabled overseas. The number of International SOS's rescue missions rose last year to 11,000.
Not only are Americans exposed to greater dangers overseas, like the avian flu or inadequate health care, than they are at home, but they tend to suffer from higher levels of stress, Mr. Daniel said. In addition, he said, once overseas they are less likely to exercise and follow a healthy diet and more apt to forget medication or run out of it.
"We probably see several cases a month where someone has a diabetic or heart condition that was under control at home, but then is exacerbated with the stress of an overseas trip," Mr. Daniel said. "It's become terribly common."
To complicate matters, standard medical insurance policies are rarely valid overseas, so health care providers often expect cash payments. Many employers use outside companies to buy travel insurance for their employees and to coordinate their medical care and transportation should the need arise.
It was just such a company, the Medex Assistance Corporation in Towson, Md., that arranged for Mr. Hart's hospitalization in Newfoundland and his trip back to Baltimore.
Rob Currie, chief of operations for Medex, recalled a recent case in which an American business traveler in Urumqi, China, fell and broke his back on a mountain-climbing expedition. Mr. Currie's team first had to locate an English-speaking doctor in the region who could stabilize the man's condition, then had to fly him home to San Francisco on an air ambulance, at a cost of $100,000, for an operation.
"The logistics in this case were unbelievable," said Mr. Currie, adding that company revenue has grown by about 20 percent a year for the last three years. "We had to get all kinds of permits to transport the air ambulance, which had to touch down several times for refueling. It's a mammoth task."
Some companies try to prepare their travelers for a variety of medical contingencies. For example, Kathy Hall-Zintek, manager of travel services for Moog Inc., a manufacturing company in Elma, N.Y., is working with International SOS to plan the evacuation of an expatriate and his family from China should there be an outbreak of avian flu.
International SOS has agreed to reserve space on a private aircraft for the man and his family. "We'll be able to share the cost of the jet with other companies that have one or two families to evacuate," she said. "It's a lot less expensive than trying to do it ourselves."
Carlson Marketing Group, a company that coordinates group travel and meetings, has established strict guidelines to help employees who become ill on the road. One provision is that a colleague act as the patient's advocate until a family member arrives. The plan was tested last year when an employee based in Hawaii, Laurie Loo, was suddenly taken ill at a meeting in Las Vegas.
"My co-worker said I looked positively green," said Ms. Loo, a travel director for the company. A doctor found a benign brain tumor and scheduled an operation to remove it. While a shaky and anxious Ms. Loo waited for family members to join her in a Las Vegas hospital, she recalled, her fellow employee sat by her bedside.
As always, a little prevention can work wonders, medical specialists say. Mr. Daniel of International SOS said his firm encouraged corporate clients to require periodic physical exams for employees who travel frequently. But few do, he said.
At the very least, a traveler should carry basic personal information, so that family can be notified in an emergency. That is the advice of Neil Gussman, communications manager at the Chemical Heritage Foundation in Philadelphia.
In years past, as an executive with a chemical manufacturer, Mr. Gussman said, he used to travel widely throughout Europe and Asia, and in his free time would pursue his passion for cycling.
"Descending the big climbs of the Alps and riding through traffic in Barcelona and Beijing, I was aware that I could need medical care if something happened," he recalled. So he always carried his hotel's phone number, along with his identification and contact information for family members.
Then, as now, he said, he became acquainted with the concierges at the hotels where he stayed and let them know about his activities. "That way," he said, "they would notice if the crazy American went missing."


We rarely get customers that come to our office and warehouse to buy products. We aren't like Target or Best Buy. So having a Grand Reopening Party and ribbon cutting seemed foolish. Sorry – no giant scissors either!
But as the premier online location for education about carbon dioxide and the sale of CO2 detection and monitoring devices our website is a HUGE deal. Consider the ribbon cut and the confetti to be flying high!
Welcome to the brand new www.CO2Meter.com.
Our team of graphic designers, copywriters, technical experts, and marketing gurus have been working in the background for months to design, build, and launch the new www.CO2Meter.com.
Still full of all the precise technical data and information any expert will need to purchase, install, and communicate with our devices and sensors this new site allows quicker and easier access to solutions and devices for our more novice customers as well. We have worked to create a site that satisfies both the expert and the novice too.
Please take a few extra minutes to click around the new site. We have reorganized the product categories as well as the specifications of the devices on their own pages. All the great tools and information you had access to before are still available and hopefully easier to find now too.
We'd love your feedback on what you see and experience. Please email your feedback to info@co2meter.com using "Site Feedback" in the subject line.
We know we have plenty of little fixes left to do already. Our "to do" list is extensive so you will see more and more improvements over the coming weeks and months as you come back to the site.
If you are a returning customer, thank you for your business and trust in CO2Meter.
If you are a first time customer we hope that we have "WOWED" you on your first visit. We know you'll be even more satisfied once you get your product in your hands.
Our thanks to the team at Hauser Design Group for your direction, hard work, and enthusiasm in helping us find the best way to present our passion – www.CO2Meter.com.


text:
Meet the Academy Screening Room's Newest Power Player of the Oscar Season
Published by Lindsey Huston at Fri, 09 Sep 2022 at 06:41:06 | Category: Movies
People couldnt stop talking about Cate Blanchett in Todd Fields' TAR or Sarah Polleys Women Talking. However, one of the most surprising sources of buzz wasnt a film at all: Everyone had an opinion about the Academy's screening room, the world's most-curated streaming site that isn't available by subscription.
Academy members are more acquainted with streaming Oscar contenders at home, which implies things are about to get really complicated. This season, figuring out how to engage voters who can see their options like a Netflix queue will be one of the biggest challenges.
Any Oscar-winning film also contends with the awards corridor, a narrow period in which too many films fight for a theatrical release slot that will best capture the audience's and voters' attention. Imagine a major streamer on which scheduling is a siloed free-for-all: Everyone has backend access, everyone is looking for their ideal moment, and the audience is composed solely of people who will decide if your film wins an Oscar.
After the epidemic, the Academy established a screening room for specialty categories in 2016 and later expanded it as a sustainable practice to encourage people to distribute DVD mailers. It's possible that distributors will continue to distribute films, even if their guilds are closed. (Academy members may still receive DVDs from their guilds.) This might give a big-screen advantage to major-studio releases like Disney's Wakanda Forever and Avatar: The Way of Water or even A24s Everything All At
Many studios havent decided when they'll add films to the screening room, but they're waiting to see if their films sell out in theaters. Submission requirements mean some films, such as international titles, will make quiet entrances onto the member site prior to going wide on other streaming platforms. For the most part, representatives for films already predestined for at-home viewing, like Netflixs Bardo, are highlighting the films' large theatrical windows.
Marvel/Disney
Drive My Car won best international film this year, as well as nominations for Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Adapted Screenplay. Its also a major component of the Academy's increasing recognition of foreign language films.
Not everything depends on the screening room. At a press conference last month, new Academy president Bill Kramer acknowledged that the Academy is investing more time in ensuring that members participate in in-person screenings.
Kramer said that we want to restore member screenings in a bigger way. They were not done for quite a while due to COVID, so there's been a slow build to bring them back as part of our much bigger intention to reengage and engage members on a much deeper level. That's a big part of that. Very soon youre going to see a return to member screenings that feel much more robust.
For a film like TAR, strong screenings will be required. It's a three-hour film, with an hour before the plot begins, which requires immersion. At home, the film may leave viewers vulnerable to distraction; in a theater, it's amazing.
ORION PICTURES RELEASING LLC. All Rights
The eternal question is what these carefully crafted films look like on Academy member TVs. The answer might be, Great! However, a widescreen film like Women Talking might be a challenge for its heavily saturated color palette (IndieWires)
The screening room is open to all distributors willing to pay the fee (last year, the cost to upload a film was $12,500; this year, it is $20,000), but it's not a straightforward transition. After years of debate over whether Academy members see films on screens or on screeners, distributors have finally accepted the notion that all titles will be digitally presented.
During the height of the epidemic, Christopher Nolan refused to allow Warner Bros. to make Tenet available in 2020 for any digital distribution, including the portal, or even the Oscar ceremony.
An Academy voter told IndieWires Anne Thompson that they never even connected to the portal in the same year. They said I can't get Apple or HBO Max on my Panasonic, despite the fact that I subscribe to HBO. Anyway, I've gone through hell on this one. You can't get on the [Academy screening] portal until you have Apple or Roku. I have never used the portal.
This article was written by Dana Harris-Bridson.
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With inception of FT30-interfacial polyamide chemistry by the late John Cadotte, there has been continued significant interest in the last few decades to improve both energy and separation efficiency for reverse osmosis operations from a membrane chemistry standpoint. However owing to the complex crosslinked nano scale morphological structure of polyamide, development of structure-property relationships has been a challenge. In the last few years, leveraging Dow's strong analytical capabilities and blending with Dow Water& Process Solution expertise, it has been possible to achieve a true fundamental structure-property relationship of polyamide RO membrane leading to a breakthrough in membrane chemistry innovation. The breakthrough membrane chemistry resulted in lowering the energy requirements for brackish water RO operations by 35% and at the same time reduced salt passage by 40 % over industry standard product. The technology was recently named as Dow's second breakthrough to a world challenge as per company's 2015 sustainability goals. Extending the chemistry to residential space, a game changing " 500 GPD residential RO Tankless" element have been developed which provides the highest flow and reduces the footprint for a residential system. The presentation will focus on the lab and field trial results for these new products highlighting reliability through stable long term performance, breakthrough low energy anti fouling properties, addressing multi solute rejection phenomena and improved recovery. The presentation will also provide insight to our next game changing membrane chemistry innovation and how it's potential future impact in reducing the cost of water, addressing the energy topic and in providing high quality potable water across the globe.


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text:
Khamnigan is a Mongolic language spoken east of Lake Baikal.

The Khamnigan people, called the Horse Tungus or Steppe Tungus, are natively bilingual, speaking both a Mongolic and a Tungusic language, which are inherited from their mixed ancestry. This bilingualism appears to be several centuries old. Their Tungusic language is Evenki (Khamnigan is the Mongol name for the Evenki), while Khamnigan Mongol is a distinct Mongolic language, not a dialect of Mongol or Buryat as traditionally classified in Mongolia or Russia. Mongol is the dominant language; the two dialects of Evenki are only used by part of the population, and then at home.

The language has declined in Russia, with few speakers left, but both Khamnigan Mongol and Evenki bilingualism remain vigorous in China. Khamnigan Evenki, though not a distinct language from other Evenki, is heavily influenced by Mongol, especially in vocabulary. Khamnigan Mongol, on the other hand, is the most conservative Mongolic language, little different from Middle Mongolian, though the system of vowel harmony has been disrupted. There is little influence from Evenki: although Khamnigan Evenki has a grammatical plural, for example, Khamnigan Mongol does not.

Khamnigan in Mongolia has strongly assimilated to Khalkha Mongolian, and even though some Buryat-like and idiosyncratic features are to be found (e.g. the very particular mood system lacking in Khamnigan in China), it overall resembles a dialect of Khalkha, and it has lost its particular Tungusic lexicon.

See also
Hamnigan-(Hamnigan Mongols)

References

External links
Summary of Khamnigan in the World Atlas of Language Structures

Central Mongolic languages
Mongolic languages
Languages of China
Languages of Russia
Languages of Mongolia
Mixed languages


text:
Das Einsatzlager Haus Hardt war ein Einsatzlager der Hitlerjugend bei Nörvenich im nordrheinwestfälischen Kreis Düren.

Im Spätsommer 1944 rekrutierten die NS-Behörden alle verfügbaren Männer zum Schanzdienst am Westwall. Der Gauleiter der NSDAP, Josef Grohé, forderte am 2. September 1944 über Rundfunk und Presse alle Jugendlichen, die das 15. Lebensjahr vollendet hatten, zum Schanzdienst auf.

Der Dürener Industrielle Leopold Peill hatte 1910 das Gelände Haus Hardt gekauft und dort eine Villa errichten lassen, die er von 1914 bis etwa 1943 bewohnte. Mitte 1943 begann die Organisation Todt in einem Teil des Geländes mit dem Bau eines Ausweichkrankenhauses, da in den Städten die Krankenhäuser durch Bombenabwürfe sehr gefährdet waren. In Nörvenich wäre ein Sichtschutz durch den bewaldeten Hügel gegeben gewesen. Es entstanden nach der Verlegung von Versorgungsleitungen drei Steinbauten und neun Holzbaracken für das Personal und die Patienten. In der Peillschen Villa hatte sich ein Divisionsstab der Wehrmacht eingerichtet. Bei guter Sicht waren ständig Flugzeuge über Haus Hardt, die auf alles schossen, was sich bewegte.

Nach Beendigung der Schanzaktion bei Herzogenrath, begann die Führung in Nörvenich ein Einsatzlager für erneut einberufene Jugendliche einzurichten. Stroh wurde als Nachtlager in den Baracken verteilt und die Mädchen der 8. Klasse aus Nörvenich wurden zum Butterbrote schmieren verpflichtet. Etwa 600 bis 700 Jugendliche sollen in dem Lager untergebracht gewesen sein. Die Zahlen schwanken aber. Die Dürener Zeitung spricht im Artikel Jagdbomber greifen Barackenlager an vom 28. September 1994 von 400 Jugendlichen. Die genaue Zahl ist nicht mehr feststellbar. Weitere Lager gab es im Saal Gohr in Rölsdorf und in der Gastwirtschaft Empt in Lüxheim.

Von Montag bis Donnerstag, 26. bis 28. September 1944, wurden die in Düren gesammelten Jungen schubweise nach Nörvenich in Marsch gesetzt. In Nörvenich wurden die Jugendlichen ermahnt, nicht im Gelände herumzulaufen, damit die Feindflugzeuge nicht auf die Menschenansammlung aufmerksam werden konnten. Zum Schanzen sind die Jungen nie eingesetzt worden.

Am Donnerstag, dem 28. September 1944, erfolgte ein Angriff amerikanischer Jagdbomber vom Typ P-38 Lightning auf das Lager Haus Hardt. Die Flugzeuge gehörten der 9. taktischen Flotte der US-Luftwaffe an. Sie waren durch ihren Doppelrumpf eindeutig zu identifizieren. Zwei Tage vorher hatte eine SS-Einheit ein solches Flugzeug bei Wissersheim abgeschossen, das bei Gut Ving abstürzte. Um 11:20 Uhr warfen zwei Flugzeuge vier Bomben in das Gelände, das aus einer Höhe von etwa 800 m wie eine Fabrikanlage aussah. Zusätzlich feuerten sie mit ihren Bordwaffen in die Baracken, die sofort lichterloh brannten, da sehr viel Stroh in den Holzbaracken war. Die amerikanischen Flieger hatte das Gelände wohl zufällig entdeckt.

Die Jugendlichen wurden teilweise in den eingestürzten Baracken eingeklemmt und verbrannten. Andere liefen in Panik in das offene Feld und wurden dort mit den Bordwaffen der Lightnings erschossen. Der gesamte Angriff dauerte etwa 10 Minuten.

Es wird erzählt, dass die Jungen angenommen hätten, es hätte sich um deutsche Flugzeuge gehandelt. Sie wären dann auf die Barackendächer gestiegen und hätten den Fliegern zugewunken. Dies ist nach Aussage der Augenzeugen falsch.

Die Verletzten machten sich, soweit sie gehfähig waren, zu Fuß auf den Weg nach Hause. Schwerverletzte wurden nach Eschweiler über Feld in die dortige Schule gebracht, wo ein Hauptverbandplatz eingerichtet war. Da sich der Angriff wie ein Lauffeuer im Kreisgebiet rundgesprochen hatte, kamen einige Eltern mit dem Fahrrad oder einem Fuhrwerk, um ihr Kind nach Hause zu holen. Die Eltern wurden nicht vom Tod ihrer Kinder benachrichtigt.

Einige wenige Überlebende leben noch und sind heute meist um 90 Jahre alt.

Über 45 Jugendliche im Alter von 14 bis 18 Jahre wurden, entgegen anderslautenden Zahlen, getötet. Die Sterbefälle sind alle beim Standesamt Nörvenich mit dem Eintrag ... gefallen bei einem Fliegerangriff in Nörvenich, in der Hardt, ... um 11,30 Uhr beurkundet. Die Zahl der Verletzten ist nicht bekannt.

Die Getöteten kamen aus verschiedenen Orten des Kreises Düren, wie aus der Liste zu ersehen ist. Sie wurden in ihren Heimatorten begraben.

Heute befindet sich auf dem Gelände die Bundeswehrkaserne Haus Hardt.

Quellen
 Karl Heinz Türk: Tieffliegerangriff auf das Einsatzlager der Hitlerjugend in Nörvenich Haus Hardt, 2006
 Hans J. Domsta: Düren 1940–1947 – Krieg, Zerstörung, Neubeginn
 Heimat- und Geschichtsverein Nörvenich
 Dokumentation

Nörvenich
Konflikt 1944
Geschichte (Kreis Düren)


Even after your New Jersey divorce, dealing with child custody and parenting time issues can be stressful and emotionally overwhelming. When combined with the stress that comes during the holiday season, the result can be emotionally taxing on both you and your children. The best way to avoid this, or at least lessen the stress of it, is for you and your ex-spouse to establish a detailed holiday parenting time schedule that suits your family, eliminates any ambiguity, and enables you and your children to enjoy the holidays.
When your child custody issues initially arise during your New Jersey divorce, you will have the opportunity to negotiate an agreement with your ex-spouse memorializing the parenting time schedule. At this juncture, you should consider the holidays. There are many different arrangements that you can come up with, and the best arrangement is often different for each family. In some families, the parents will alternate the holidays every year. Therefore, if the father had the children for Christmas in 2013, the mother will have the children for Christmas in 2014. In some families, one parent cares more about one holiday than the other. Therefore, if Thanksgiving is really important to the father, and Christmas is really important to the mother, then the parents can agree that every year the children will spend Thanksgiving with their father and Christmas with their mother. In other families, where the mother and father live near each other, the children will spend part of each holiday with each parent.
Only you and your spouse (or ex-spouse) know the best arrangement for your family, and, if you can look past your differences and focus on your children, you should be able to cooperate to create a very workable holiday parenting time schedule. In addition, parents should not lose sight of the fact that a divorce allows them to create new traditions with their children. For example, perhaps the father may choose to create a new tradition wherein he celebrates Christmas Eve with his children each year. Plenty of parents that have been through a New Jersey divorce will celebrate the holidays with their children when they have them, even if that means celebrating on a different day than the traditional one.
Generally, absent certain circumstances, if you and your spouse (or ex-spouse) agree to a parenting schedule, a court will use that as the custody and parenting time order. However, under Rule 5:8-5, if you and your spouse (or ex-spouse) are unable to come to an agreement, then the court will make its determination based on the best interests of the child. New Jersey does have a "standard" holiday parenting time schedule that will be ordered if the parties cannot agree to a schedule themselves, which essentially alternates each holiday between the parents, and which parent gets which holiday depends on whether it is an odd or even year.
Your New Jersey divorce lawyer will be able to work with you and help you establish a detailed holiday parenting time schedule that is best for you and your family. If you have questions or concerns about you holiday parenting time schedule, please contact the attorneys at Snyder & Sarno at (973) 274-5200. Happy holidays!


text:
Q: Theoretical motivation for using log-likelihood vs likelihood I'm trying to understand at a deeper level the ubiquity of log-likelihood (and perhaps more generally log-probability) in statistics and probability theory.  Log-probabilities show up all over the place: we usually work with the log-likelihood for analysis (e.g. for maximization), the Fisher information is defined in terms of the second derivative of the log-likelihood, entropy is an expected log-probability, Kullback-Liebler divergence involves log-probabilities, the expected diviance is an expected log-likelihood, etc.
Now I appreciate the many practical and convenient reasons.  Many common and useful pdfs are from exponential families, which leads to elegantly simplified terms when log-transformed.  Sums are easier to work with than products (esp for differentiating).  Log-probs have a great floating point advantage over straight probs.  Log-transforming a pdf often converts a non-concave function into a concave function.  But what is the theoretical reason/justification/motivation for log-probs?
As an example of my perplexity, consider the Fisher information (FI).  The usual explanation for intuiting the FI is that the second derivative of the log-likelihood tells us how "peaked" the log-likehood is:  a highly peaked log-likelihood means the MLE is well-specified and we are relatively sure of its value, while a nearly flat log-likehood (low curvature) means many different parameter values are nearly as good (in terms of the log-likelihood) as the MLE, so our MLE is more uncertain.
This is all well-and-good, but isn't it more natural to just find the curvature of the likelihood function itself (NOT log-transformed)?  At first glance the emphasis on the log-transform seems arbitrary and wrong.  Surely we are more interested in the curvature of the actual likelihood function.  What was Fisher's motivation for working with the score function and the Hessian of the log-likelihood instead?
Is the answer simply that, in the end, we have nice results from the log-likelihood asymptotically? E.g., Cramer-Rao and normality of the MLE/posterior.  Or is there a deeper reason?

A: Log-likelihood's theoretical importance can be seen from (at least) two perspectives: asymptotic likelihood theory and information theory.
The earlier of these (I believe) is the asymptotic theory of log-likelihood. I think information theory got underway well after Fisher set maximum likelihood on its course towards 20th century dominance.
In likelihood theory, a parabolic log-likelihood has a central place in inference. Lucien Le Cam has played an important role in elucidating the importance of the quadratic log-likelihood in asymptotic theory.
When you have a quadratic log-likelihood, not only does the curvature about the MLE tell you qualitatively how precisely you can estimate the parameter, but we also know the error is normally distributed with a variance equal to the reciprocal of the curvature. When the log-likelihood is approximately quadratic, then we say these results hold approximately, or asymptotically.
A second reason is the prominence of the log-likelihood (or log-probability) in information theory, where it is the main quantity used to measure the information content.
There is a variant of Entropy called the Kullback-Liebler Divergence  that is minimized by the maximum likelihood estimate. In particular, if the true data distribution is $g$ then the "closest" distribution (as measured by the Kullback-Liebler divergence) to $g$ in parametric family $f(\theta)$ is given by $f(\hat{\theta})$, where $
\hat{\theta}$ is the maximum likelihood estimate.
Finally, log-likelihood is the quantity used in various model selection criteria such as AIC and BIC. Essentially, each of these criteria equates an extra parameter/degree of freedom with some multiple of $\ln \hat{L}$.
So, log likelihood, apart from being a useful numerical transformation, has deep ties to inference and information theory.

A: Additional point. Some of the commonly used probability distributions (including the normal distribution, the exponential distribution, the Laplace distribution, just to name a few) are log-concave. This means that their logarithm is concave. This makes maximising the log-probability much easier than maximising the original probability (which is particularly handy in maximum likelihood or maximum a-posteriori methods). To give an example, using Newton's method to maximise a multivariate Gaussian distribution directly may take a large number of steps while maximising a paraboloid (the log of the multivariate Gaussian distribution) takes exactly one step.

A: It's really just a convenience for loglikelihood, nothing more.
I mean the convenience of the sums vs. products: $\ln (\prod_i x_i) =\sum_i\ln x_i$, the sums are easier to deal with in many respects, such as differentialtion or integration. It's not a convenience for only exponential families, I'm trying to say.
When you deal with a random sample, the likelihoods are of the form: $\mathrm{L}=\prod_ip_i$, so the loglikelihood would break this product into the sum instead, which is easier to manipulate and analyze. It helps that all we care is the point of the maximum, the value at the maximum is not important, se we can apply any monotonous transformation such as the logarithm.
On the curvature intuition. It's basically the same thing in the end as the second derivative of loglikelihood.
UPDATE:
This is what I meant on the curvature. If you have a function $y=f(x)$, then it's curvature would be (see (14) on Wolfram):
$$\kappa=\frac{f''(x)}{(1+f'(x)^2)^{3/2}}$$
The second derivative of the log likelihood:
$$A=(\ln f(x))''=\frac{f''(x)}{f(x)}-\left(\frac{f'(x)}{f(x)}\right)^2$$
At the point of the maximum, the first derivative is obviously zero, so we get:
$$\kappa_{max}=f''(x_{max})=Af(x_{max})$$
Hence, my quip that the curvature of the likelihood and the second derivative of loglikelihood are the same thing, sort of.
On the other hand, if the first derivative of likelihood is small not only at but around the point of maximum, i.e. the likelihood function is flat then we get:
$$\kappa\approx f''(x)\approx A f(x)$$
Now the flat likelihood is not a good thing for us, because it makes finding the maximum more difficult numerically, and the maximum likelihood is not that better than other points around it, i.e. the parameter estimation errors are high.
And again, we still have the curvature and second derivative relationship. So why didn't Fisher look at the curvature of the likelihood function? I think it's for the same reason of convenience. It's easier to manipulate the loglikelihood because of sums instead of the product. So, he could study the curvature of the likelihood by analyzing the second derivative of the loglikelihood. Although the equation looks very simple for the curvature $\kappa_{max}=f''(x_{max})$, in actuality you're taking a second derivative of the product, which is messier than the sum of second derivatives.
UPDATE 2:
Here's a demonstration. I draw a (completely made up) likelihood function, its a) curvature and b) the 2nd derivative of its log. On the left side you see the narrow likelihood and on the right side it's wide. You see how at the point of the max likelihood a) and b) converge, as they should. More importantly though, you can study the width (or flatness) of the likelihood function by examining the 2nd derivative of its log-likelihood. As I wrote earlier the latter is technically simpler than the former to analyze.
Not surprisingly deeper 2nd derivative of loglikelihood signals flatter likelihood function around its max, which is not desired for it causes bigger parameter estimation error.

MATLAB code in case you want to reproduce the plots:
f=@(x,a)a.^2./(a.^2+x.^2);
c = @(x,a)(-2*a.^2.*(a.^2-3*x.^2)./(a.^2+x.^2).^3/(4*a.^4.*x.^2/(a.^2+x.^2).^4+1).^(3/2));
ll2d = @(x,a)(2*(x.^2-a.^2)./(a.^2+x.^2).^2);

h = 0.1;
x=-10:h:10;

% narrow peak
figure
subplot(1,2,1)
a = 1;
y = f(x,a);
plot(x,y,'LineWidth',2)
%dy = diff(y)/h;
hold on
%plot(x(2:end),dy)
plot(x,c(x,a),'LineWidth',2)
plot(x,ll2d(x,a),'LineWidth',2)
title 'Narrow Likelihood'
ylim([-2 1])

% wide peak
subplot(1,2,2)
a=2;
y = f(x,a);
plot(x,y,'LineWidth',2)
%dy = diff(y)/h;
hold on
%plot(x(2:end),dy)
plot(x,c(x,a),'LineWidth',2)
plot(x,ll2d(x,a),'LineWidth',2)
title 'Wide Likelihood'
legend('likelihood','curvature','2nd derivative LogL','location','best')
ylim([-2 1])

UPDATE 3:
In the code above I plugged some arbitrary bell shaped function into the curvature equation, then calculated the second derivative of its log. I didn't re-scale anything, the values are straight from equations to show the equivalence that I mentioned earlier.
Here's the very first paper on likelihood that Fisher published while still in the university, "On an Absolute Criterion for Fitting Frequency Curves", Messenger of Mathmatics, 41: 155-160 (1912)
As I was insisting all along he doesn't mention any "deeper" connections of log probabilities to entropy and other fancy subjects, neither does he offer his information criterion yet. He simply puts the equation $\log P'=\sum_1^n\log p$ on p.54 then proceeds to talk about maximizing the probabilities. In my opinion, this shows that he was using the logarithm just as a convenient method of analyzing the joint probabilities themselves. It is especially useful in the continuous curve fitting, for which he gives an obvious formula on p.55:
$$\log P=\int_{-\infty}^\infty\log fdx$$
Good luck analyzing this likelihood (or probability $P$ as per Fisher) without the log!
One thing to note when reading the paper he was only starting with maximum likelihood estimation work, and did more work in subsequent 10 years, so even the term MLE wasn't coined yet, as far as I know.

A: TLDR: It is much easier to derive sums than products, because the derivative operator is linear with summation but with product u have to do the product rule. It is linear complexity versus some higher order polynomial complexity

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
EXCAVATORS — Cat adds new mid-sized models
PEORIA, ILLINOIS - CATERPILLAR has introduced three new mid-sized hydraulic excavators to launch the D-Series line....
PEORIA, ILLINOIS – CATERPILLAR has introduced three new mid-sized hydraulic excavators to launch the D-Series line. The new 324D L, 325D L and 330D L feature greater performance, flexibility and versatility than the C-Series machines they replace. The new excavators also deliver the lowest engine emissions ever through the use of Cat engines with ACERT technology.
The D-Series excavators feature a wide range of factory-installed auxiliary hydraulic systems, including a one-way, high-pressure, high-flow circuit for hammers and vibratory plate compactors. Also, a two-way circuit is available for thumbs and other hydra-mechanical work tools. Another option is the Tool Control System for D-Series models. The Tool Control System is exclusive to Caterpillar and allows operators and technicians to set auxiliary hydraulic flows and pressures by using the monitor in the cab instead of using expensive service tools. The customer can pre-set and store as many as 10 flow and pressure settings for 10 different hydra-mechanical work tools.
A new, spacious cab and new styling also set the D-Series apart from previous machines. The operator station of a D-Series excavator is spacious, quiet and comfortable. The seat and armrests are easily adjustable. Operators will also enjoy automatic climate control, easier-to-read displays, and better visibility.
For more information about the new D-Series excavators, customers should contact their Cat dealer or visit the Caterpillar website at www.Cat.com.
DOING SOME DIGGING — Spinning the rumour mill
DIAMOND EXPLORATION – Star valuation sets at US$173/ct


Mike, I've heard this called turkey pastrami...all delish.
So, the smoker it's still on the front page, just to hunt me with that smoked turkey breast and the pastrami..... It looks amazing, and i am sure it tasted wonderful.
Mike, i have a quick question, if you guys don't mind. I was thinking to make bacon, kind of like the Swedish one. The romanian recipe calls to brine the pork belly for 2-3 weeks in a salty brine, with crushed garlic, some dry thyme and whole peppercorns. Then drain and smoke. That's the part that i can not execute properly because i am still lacking the smoker or the place to put/use one. But i was thinking: if i put some wood chips on a foil tray on the first 1/2 of my grill, on very low heat, and the pork belly on the higher rack in the opposite corner, do you think it will work? I thought maybe the smoke will circulate and do its job, somehow, and the heat would be actually really low. I'll appreciate any advise, i kind of need to go buy it to make it in time for Christmas. This is the time when Romanians sacrifice a pig (tradition is on the 24th of December) and make all the porky stuff.
Yeah, the smoker is still in the spotlight at our house. :-) Wow, your romanian recipe sounds fun. I'm not familiar with Swedish or Romanian style bacons. It's quite a long time in the brine - is it a fairly salty bacon style?
The technique you've described for smoking should work for you. Meat doesn't end up quite as intensely smokey since it's not as air-tight, but we've grill-smoked pork butts with pretty good success (before we purchased the dedicated smoker).
It's a bit tricky to keep the smoke going on the grill when the heat is low, but you should be able to do it. A couple of tips: 1) use very small wood chips and try to put the container (heavy foil or metal box) right on the flame. They will burn quickly though, so keep replenishing when the smoke dies down. 2) After brining, pat the belly dry and let it sit uncovered in the fridge overnight prior to smoking (If possible, place it on a rack set over a tray). A dry surface apparently absorbs the smoke better.


text:
Renegade Craft Fair Returns To Wicker Park's Division Street This Weekend
The fair launched as a one-day festival in 2003 in Wicker Park. It's expanded to host events in other Chicago neighborhoods and across the United States.
Quinn Myers
7:50 AM CDT on Sep 8, 2022
Renegade is holding a craft fair in Andersonville.
Facebook/Renegade Craft
This article contains new, firsthand information uncovered by its reporter(s). This includes directly interviewing sources and research / analysis of primary source documents.
As a news piece, this article cites verifiable, third-party sources which have all been thoroughly fact-checked and deemed credible by the Newsroom.
WICKER PARK — The Renegade Craft Fair is back this weekend, bringing hundreds of artists and makers back to the neighborhood where the now-national craft fair began.
The fair is 11 a.m.-7 p.m. Saturday-Sunday on Division Street between Damen and Ashland avenues.
More than 300 booths along Division will showcase handmade jewelry, paintings, clothing, ceramics, cutlery and more. The full vendor list is available online.
Snacks, dessert and other food will be available from YumDum Dumpings, 5411 Empanadas, Chicago's Doghouse and other food trucks and restaurants.
Since starting as a one-day craft fair in Wicker Park in 2003, Renegade has expanded to host events all over Chicago and the United States.
It launched its debut fair in Andersonville in May after being delayed by the pandemic.
It's also put on fairs in California, Texas and Seattle this year, and will host another Chicago fair in West Loop in December, organizers said.
Credit: Facebook/Provided
The national Renegade Craft Fair began in Wicker Park.
Subscribe to Block Club Chicago, an independent, 501(c)(3), journalist-run newsroom. Every dime we make funds reporting from Chicago's neighborhoods.
Click here to support Block Club with a tax-deductible donation.
Thanks for subscribing to Block Club Chicago, an independent, 501(c)(3), journalist-run newsroom. Every dime we make funds reporting from Chicago's neighborhoods. Click here to support Block Club with a tax-deductible donation.
Listen to "It's All Good: A Block Club Chicago Podcast":
Renegade Craft Fair
The Ballot LIVE: Ja'Mal Green Discusses Mayoral Candidacy With Laura Washington
Tune in 5 p.m. Monday, Jan. 30, for a one-hour conversation with Ja'Mal Green and journalist Laura Washington.
Three 1st Ward Aldermanic Candidates To Speak Wednesday At Wicker Park Meeting
Ald. Daniel La Spata, Proco Joe Moreno and Stephen "Andy" Schneider will speak and take questions from voters.
Frigid Temperatures Hit Chicago, But It'll Warm Up Soon
Monday will have a high near 16 degrees — but wind chills will make it feel as low as one degree below zero during the day and as low as 11 degrees below zero at night.
Mack Liederman
8:53 AM CST
26th And 30th Ward Candidates Will Face The Public At Hermosa Forum Next Week
Alds. Roberto Maldonado and Ariel Reboyras aren't seeking reelection, leaving a slew of candidates vying for their open seats.


text:
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When the union and employer (the parties) are negotiating a collective agreement, they may need a neutral person to help. A mediator can help the parties reach an agreement on all or some of the terms of a collective agreement.
The Labour Relations Board can appoint a mediator:
by either party applying to the Associate Chair of Mediation
at the request of the Minister of Labour
Either party can apply to have a mediator appointed under the Labour Relations Code, Section 74 - Mediation officer and services for help negotiating a collective agreement, whether they are negotiating a first contract or whether they have a longstanding relationship.
Parties who are negotiating a first collective agreement also have the option of applying under the Labour Relations Code, Section 55 - First collective agreement.
Labour Relations Code, Section 55 - First collective agreement
Labour Relations Code, Section 74 - Mediation officer and services
Labour Relations Board Rules
Labour Relations Regulation
When can a party apply for a mediator?
Once notice to bargain has been given, either party can apply for a mediator under Section 74. However, it is up to the Associate Chair of Mediation to decide whether to appoint a mediator. The Associate Chair will consider several factors such as:
the nature of the issues in dispute
whether the parties have made an effort to negotiate amongst themselves
the number of negotiation meetings held
the number of issues outstanding
If strike or lockout notice has been served, a mediator will only be appointed if both parties agree.
The Minister of Labour has the authority to appoint a mediator under Section 74 at any time during collective bargaining.
If either party applies for first collective agreement mediation under Section 55 of the Code, the Associate Chair must appoint a mediator within five days.
Can the parties apply for mediation after strike or lockout notice is given?
Either party can apply for mediation at any time after notice to bargain is given.
If the employees are already on strike or are already locked out when an application is filed under Section 74, then job action can continue while the mediator works with the parties to resolve the collective bargaining dispute.
If the parties aren't already on strike or locked out when an application is filed under Section 74, then they can't go on strike or lock out until 48 hours after the mediator has reported out of the dispute. This is why the Associate Chair will only appoint a mediator under Section 74 if both parties agree. The Board won't permit one party to delay the other from going on strike or locking out their employees by filing for mediation under Section 74.
If the application is for first collective agreement mediation under Section 55, however, then any strike or lockout must immediately stop until the process under Section 55 is complete, the Associate Chair has directed that the collective agreement should be resolved by strike/lockout, and the applicable timelines have been met.
What happens after a mediator is appointed?
The Associate Chair will notify the parties in writing when a mediator is appointed. The mediator will contact the parties to arrange meetings. Those meetings may take place either in-person or by videoconference. The mediator will work with the parties to try to resolve the differences and conclude a collective agreement.
If the application is for first collective agreement mediation under Section 55, then the mediator will be appointed within five days. If a collective agreement isn't concluded within 20 days after the mediator is appointed, the mediator must report to the Associate Chair. That report can include recommendations about:
what the terms and conditions of the first contract should be, and/or
a process for resolving the ongoing collective bargaining dispute
What happens if mediation isn't successful?
Collective bargaining mediation under the Code, Section 74
If the mediator is appointed under the Code, Section 74, then either party can bring the formal process to an end by asking the mediator to report out. A party who wants the mediator to report out can do this by speaking to the mediator or telling the mediator in writing. The mediator will then advise the Associate Chair. The Associate Chair will formally confirm, in writing to the parties, that the mediator is reporting out.
The Associate Chair's letter to the parties will also confirm the start of the 48-hour period before which job action can start. The 48-hour period can run at the same time as the 72-hour strike or lockout notice period. This means that if either party gave strike or lockout notice that would have expired before the 48-hour period is up, then they can exercise their right to engage in job action at the end of the 48-hour period. However, if neither party gave strike or lockout notice (or if that notice would expire after the 48-hour period is up), they then have to wait until the 72-hour notice period expires to exercise their right to strike or lockout. Learn more about strikes and lockouts.
After reporting out of the dispute, a mediator appointed under Section 74 will remain available to help the parties to reach a collective agreement.
If the parties are bargaining a first collective agreement, they can still apply under Section 55 if Section 74 mediation isn't successful. Parties to a first contract don't have to apply under Section 74 before applying under Section 55, but nothing in the Code prevents them from doing so.
First collective agreement negotiations under the Code, Section 55
If the mediator is appointed under the Code, Section 55 and the parties aren't able to conclude a first collective agreement within 20 days of the mediator's appointment, then the mediator must report to the Associate Chair and recommend:
the terms and conditions of a first collective agreement, and/or
what process the parties should be able to access to resolve the dispute
If the mediator recommends terms and conditions, and the parties agree to those terms and conditions, then they become the first collective agreement between the parties.
If the mediator doesn't recommend terms and conditions or the parties disagree with the mediator's recommendations, then the parties must tell the Associate Chair how they think the collective bargaining dispute should be resolved. After hearing from the parties, the Associate Chair will direct the parties to resolve their dispute by one of three processes outlined in Section 55(6):
further mediation by someone with the authority to impose a first collective agreement if further mediation isn't successful, or
binding arbitration, or
by allowing the parties to exercise their right to strike or lockout
The parties aren't allowed to exercise their right to strike or lockout after Section 55 mediation unless and until the Associate Chair directs them that they can.
How to apply for a mediator
To apply for a mediator:
Complete the Application for a Mediator Form
FORM 74: APPLICATION FOR A MEDIATOR
Indicate whether the application is for collective bargaining mediation or first collective agreement mediation.
Include all of the relevant information the Board requires:
If the application is made under Section 74 (collective bargaining mediation), include a statement of issues the parties have and have not agreed to in bargaining
If the application is made under Section 55 (first contract mediation), include a list of the disputed issues and the applying party's position with respect to them.
Submit the application by email, mail, or courier to the attention of the Associate Chair of Mediation
Serve the other party as required by the Rules
Leading decisions:
Leading decisions provide useful information on how the Labour Relations Board applies the Labour Relations Code (the Code) and information on what is or is not covered by the Code.
Yarrow Lodge Ltd., BCLRB No. B444/93
Famous Players Inc., BCLRB No. B125/95
Compass Group Canada Ltd., BCLRB No. B216/2017
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This page was last updated: 2022-05-12
Disclaimer: The information on this website is provided for general purposes only and is not legal advice. This information is subject to the Labour Relations Code, the Labour Relations Board Rules, the Labour Relations Regulation and the published decisions of the Board
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The Werthan Warehouse is an adaptive reuse project located in Historic Germantown Nashville. Originally a bagging warehouse, the design kept much of the history that Germantown industrial is known for while still creating a modern and Class A office space for future tenants. The large expansive windows take use of much of daylighting to create a bright and open space. The original bow truss roof produces a unique office experience for the interior as well as the exterior.


Fluffy low carb mashed cauliflower with celery root is perfect served with roast chicken, turkey, or any other roasted or grilled meat. A great cauliflower mashed potatoes recipe.
Celeriac: Cut off the top and bottom of the celeric. Then, with a sharp knife and working from top to bottom, peel the root as if you would supreme a grapefruit (see post for video link). Cut the celeriac into 1/2 inch dice, place into a pot with the sliced garlic and cover with water. Bring up to a boil and cook the celeriac until tender and easily pierced with a fork. Drain.
Cauliflower: Cut the cauliflower into florets and place into a microwavable bowl. Add 2 tablespoons of water, cover, and cook at high power 5-8 minutes or until the cauliflower is tender and easily pierced with a fork. Drain.
Serve: Garnish with chives or a little chopped parsley.


text:
Characterisation of diabetes mellitus in dogs
Fall, Tove (2009). Characterisation of diabetes mellitus in dogs. Diss. (sammanfattning/summary) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae, 1652-6880 ; 2009:45
[Doctoral thesis]
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Diabetes mellitus is considered a common endocrine disorder in dogs. The underlying pathology is, however, poorly understood. Epidemiological, genetic and clinical research, as well as the clinical management of diabetic dogs, requires an appropriate system of classification that provides a framework within which various forms and stages of diabetes mellitus can be identified and differentiated. The overall aim of this doctoral research was to further characterise the different subtypes of canine diabetes mellitus. In the first study, a population-based epidemiological study, breed- gender- and age-specific incidence rates were calculated, and survival after diagnosis was estimated. A major finding was that in some breeds such as elkhounds and border collies, only female dogs were affected by diabetes. In the second study, beta cell function was assessed in dogs through measurement of C-peptide before and after an intravenous injection of glucagon. Healthy dogs showed a marked increase in the serum concentration of C-peptide after glucagon stimulation, indicating that the test is suitable for the purpose. In most diabetic dogs, C-peptide did not increase after glucagon stimulation, indicating beta cell dysfunction. The test has a potential use for subtyping diabetes mellitus in newly diagnosed dogs. A specific subtype of diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus, was clinically characterised in the third study. Gestational diabetes mellitus is rare in dogs, and the case series in this study is the largest one described to date. In the fourth study, diabetes mellitus was investigated in 63 Swedish and Norwegian elkhounds. From the latter two studies it was concluded that those elkhound breeds are predisposed to progesterone-related forms of diabetes mellitus (diœstrous and gestational diabetes mellitus), which have several characteristics in common with human gestational diabetes mellitus and may serve as a novel animal model for that disease. A new classification system for canine diabetes mellitus is proposed based on the basis of earlier studies and the newly gained knowledge. The following classes are proposed: juvenile; progesterone-related; secondary to pancreatic insult; endocrine tumours; iatrogenic; immune-mediated; and idiopathic.
Fall, Tove
Papers/manuscripts:
ALL I. Fall T, Hamlin HH, Hedhammar A, Kämpe O, Egenvall A. Diabetes mellitus in a population of 180,000 insured dogs: incidence, survival, and breed distribution. J Vet Intern Med. 2007 Nov-Dec; 21(6):1209-16 II. Fall T, Holm B, Karlsson A, Ahlgren KM, Kämpe O, von Euler H.Glucagon stimulation test for estimating endogenous insulin secretion in dogs. Vet Rec. 2008 Aug 30;163(9):266-70. III. Fall T, Johansson Kreuger S, Juberget A, Bergström A, Hedhammar Å. Gestational diabetes mellitus in 13 dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2008 Nov-Dec; 22(6):1296-300 IV. Fall T, Hedhammar Å, Fall N, Hamlin HH, Wallberg A, Andersson G, Kämpe, O. Spontaneous diabetes mellitus in Elkhounds – a suitable animal model for gestational diabetes mellitus (manuscript)
Dept of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
Associated Programs and Other Stakeholders:
SLU - Research Areas for the Future > Future Animal Health and Welfare (until Jan 2017)
ISBN for printed version:
Agrovoc terms:
dogs, diabetes, endocrinology, progesterone, classification
insulin, canine, progesterone, classification, gestational
urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-2999
http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:slu:epsilon-2999
VH - Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science
(VH) > Dept. of Clinical Sciences
Tove Fall


text:
Q: Vue form Wizard prevent back step we are working with injection of dynamic components by server response, but once the user has approved a step, we will prevent him from going back to the steps he has already approved.
HTML

  <form-wizard @on-complete="onComplete">
    <tab-content v-for="tab in tabs"
                v-if="!tab.hide"
                :key="tab.title"
                :title="tab.title"
                :icon="tab.icon">
      <component :is="tab.component"></component>
    </tab-content>
  </form-wizard>

JS
Vue.use(VueFormWizard)
Vue.component('step1', {
 template:`
 My first tab content

`
 }
)
Vue.component('step2', {
 template:`<div>  My second tab content </div>`
})
Vue.component('step3', {
 template:`<div>  My third tab content </div>`
})
Vue.component('step4', {
template:`<div> Yuhuuu! This seems pretty damn simple </div>`
})
new Vue({
 el: '#app',
 data() {
    return {
    tabs: [{title: 'Personal details', icon: 'ti-user', component: 'step1'},
    {title: 'Is Logged In?', icon: 'ti-settings', component: 'step2', hide: false},
    {title: 'Additional Info', icon: 'ti-location-pin', component: 'step3'},
    {title: 'Last step', icon: 'ti-check', component: 'step4'},
    ],
  }
 },
 methods: {
  onComplete: function(){
      alert('Yay. Done!');
   }
  }
})

but we have not found answers in the documentation if suddenly someone has had this problem and can tell us how to solve it, I would appreciate it, thanks.

A:
Once the user has approved a step, we will prevent him from going back
to the steps he has already approved.

Validate going forward, then simply remove the back button.
I did some tests and the beforeTabSwitch doesn't fire if going backwards props.prevTab(), shame as you could then do it in the validate call.
Here is an example, which validates going forward and removes the Previous button and prevents navigating via the header (wizard-step).

Vue.use(VueFormWizard)
Vue.component('step1', {
  template: ` <div> My first tab content</div>`,
  data: () => ({
    name: ''
  }),
  methods: {
    validate() {
      // change `true` to things checked on model, beyond scope of question
      this.$emit('on-validate', this.$data, true)
      return true
    }
  }
})
Vue.component('step2', {
  template: `<div>  My second tab content </div>`,
  data: () => ({
    logged_in_yada: ''
  }),
  methods: {
    validate() {
      this.$emit('on-validate', this.$data, true)
      return true
    }
  }
})
Vue.component('step3', {
  template: `<div>  My third tab content </div>`,
  data: () => ({
    additional_info: ''
  }),
  methods: {
    validate() {
      this.$emit('on-validate', this.$data, true)
      return true
    }
  }
})
Vue.component('step4', {
  template: `<div> Yuhuuu! This seems pretty damn simple </div>`,
  data: () => ({
    last_step: ''
  }),
  methods: {
    validate() {
      this.$emit('on-validate', this.$data, true)
      return true
    }
  }
})
new Vue({
  el: '#app',
  data() {
    return {
      tabModel: {},
      tabs: [{
          title: 'Personal details',
          icon: 'ti-user',
          component: 'step1'
        },
        {
          title: 'Is Logged In?',
          icon: 'ti-settings',
          component: 'step2',
          hide: false
        },
        {
          title: 'Additional Info',
          icon: 'ti-location-pin',
          component: 'step3'
        },
        {
          title: 'Last step',
          icon: 'ti-check',
          component: 'step4'
        },
      ],
    }
  },
  methods: {
    onComplete: function() {
      alert('Yay. Done!');
    },
    validateStep(name) {
      return this.$refs[name][0].validate()
    },
    mergeTabModel(model, isValid) {
      if (isValid) {
        // merging each step model into the final model
        this.tabModel = Object.assign({}, this.tabModel, model)
      }
    }
  }
})

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://unpkg.com/vue-form-wizard/dist/vue-form-wizard.min.css">

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://rawgit.com/lykmapipo/themify-icons/master/css/themify-icons.css">

    <form-wizard @on-complete="onComplete">
      <wizard-step slot-scope="props" slot="step" :tab="props.tab" :transition="props.transition" :index="props.index">
      </wizard-step>
      <tab-content v-for="tab in tabs" v-if="!tab.hide" :key="tab.title" :title="tab.title" :icon="tab.icon" :before-change="()=>validateStep(tab.component)">
        <component :is="tab.component" :ref="tab.component" @on-validate="mergeTabModel"></component>
      </tab-content>
      <template slot="footer" scope="props">

          <wizard-button @click.native="props.nextTab()" class="wizard-footer-right finish-button" :style="props.fillButtonStyle">{{props.isLastStep ? 'Done' : 'Next'}}</wizard-button>

      </template>
    </form-wizard>

{{ tabModel }}

A: using refs
this.$refs.wizardFirst.displayPrevButton = false

"vue-form-wizard": "0.8.4",

A: use this CSS instead:
.vue-form-wizard .wizard-nav-pills a, .vue-form-wizard .wizard-nav-pills li{
  cursor: not-allowed;
  pointer-events: none;
}


Carson City Morgan Dollars are always in high demand as they had lower mintages than other Morgan Dollars. This example has been graded an MS-65 by NGC, one of top coin grading services, adding further collectible appeal.
NGC encapsulation protects and guarantees the MS-64 condition.