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Background Dec 22, 2011
Finding the difference between conventional and organic
Is there a real difference in the quality of meat from conventional, organic and free range chickens? And if there are differences, what are these and do consumers recognise them? German and Italian studies tell the answer.
By Wiebe van der Sluis, the Netherlands
Consumers in several regions of the world show a rising interest in organic food, including organic chicken meat. Despite this rising demand production of organic chicken meat increased only slightly. Although supporters of organic production claim better quality, the knowledge on the main factors contributing to the observed differences in quality is still limited.
Consumers who prefer meat of slow-growing birds raised with access to free-range believe that the meat has an improved texture and flavour. This is supported by some studies which revealed that in comparison to conventionally reared birds, meat obtained from an organic production system is more yellow, has a lower ultimate pH, a better water holding capacity, less cooking losses and higher shear values.
It is a common belief that texture, appearance and flavour are mainly influenced by genotype, diet and age. To better understand these relations the University of Hohenheim in Germany conducted a study to analyse the effects of genotype, feed composition and access to free range on quality and sensory attributes of meat from broilers with different genotypes. The achieved information is expected to help optimise production conditions in organic broiler production (choice of breed, importance of feeding stuffs and pasture) and to more clearly define the differences between organic and conventional broiler meat.
Comparing genotypes
The Hohenheim study, presented at WPSA's XX European Symposium on the Quality of Poultry Meat in Leipzig, compared three different genotypes: fast growth (Ross 708; FG), medium growth (ISA 657; MG) and slow growth (ISA 757; SG). Each genotype was represented by groups of 20 birds each. These birds were kept without (OA) or with access to free range (MA) and were fed on conventional (KF) or organic diets (OF) resulting in a total number of 3 x 20 x 4 = 240 broilers per trial. The study included three trials with a total number of 720 broilers, which were fed ad libitum.
Birds which had no access to free range were kept at a stocking density of six birds per m2. The free range groups were housed in similar indoor pens, but at the age of six weeks the birds had free access to a grass paddock (5m2/bird). At night these birds were confined to indoor pens.
The broilers were slaughtered at ages of 6, 9 and 12 weeks. For example, 50% of the FG broilers (Ross 708) were slaughtered at the age of six weeks and the remaining at 12 weeks to compare meat quality with market weight on the one hand and age-effects in comparison with SG broilers (ISA 757) on the other hand.
Cooking loss differs
In a first step, all birds were reared to a slaughter age of 12 weeks showing an average life weight was 4.9 kg for FG broilers, 3.7 kg for MG broilers and 2.1 kg for SG broilers. After slaughtering and maturation of the meat it was concluded that at 12 weeks of age cooking loss was significantly (P<0.05) higher for FG broilers than for MG and SG broilers. Which means that SG birds have a better water holding capacity (WHC) than FG broilers, and the meat is significantly darker (Table 1). Interestingly genotype did not significantly influence texture measurements, although there was a tendency for more tender meat in MG broilers than in other breeds.
The effect of diets is presented in Table 2. It shows that birds fed with a conventional diet had significantly higher cooking losses, whereas, organic feed resulted in better water holding capacity. Meat of broilers fed with a conventional diet was significantly paler and less red than from broilers fed with an organic diet, whereas, meat from birds fed with an organic diet was slightly more yellow. Interestingly, access to free-range however did not influence carcass and meat quality significantly.
Members of a taste panel noted differences between FG broilers fed with conventional diet and broilers fed an organic diet. They assessed FG broilers to be more tasty.
Age effect
As expected, FG broilers slaughtered at 12 weeks of age showed significantly higher cooking losses and texture values (Table 3) than when slaughtered at six weeks of age. But WHC values were almost identical for both ages and no clear effects were observed for pH-values. Differences were found in meat colour: meat of younger FG broilers was significantly darker. Similar age effects were seen in meat of MG broilers (slaughter age nine and 12 weeks).
The comparison of meat of FG broilers slaughtered at 6 weeks of age with SG broilers at 12 weeks of age revealed significantly lower cooking losses and better WHC for the older broilers. Meat of six week old FG broilers was significantly more tender, but there was no significant difference in meat colour.
In conclusion, the results of this German study clearly show that meat quality characteristics are mainly influenced by genotype and diets, while husbandry systems only have a minor effect. The opposite is true for sensory attributes of meat. Although sensory tests demonstrated that untrained panelists barely detect differences in meat flavour. Nevertheless genotype and diet have only a little impact on the sensory attributes, and impact is greater when the birds have access to free-range.
Italian experiences
A similar comparison was done by the University of Bologna, Italy. It presented in Leipzig a study which characterised carcass traits and meat chemico-physical properties of chickens labelled free-range (according to the EC Directive 1538/91) and conventional broilers as they are presented to consumers at Italian retail markets. The researchers separately raised free range (FR) female and male chickens for 56 and 70 d, respectively, in order to obtain current market product categories (rotisserie and cut-up carcasses). These medium growing ISA birds had continuous daytime access to an open-air area from 28 d to slaughter age. Their indoor stocking density did not exceed 27.5 kg/m2. The conventional (C) female and male chickens (Ross 708) were separately raised indoor for 39 and 50 d, respectively, under controlled environmental conditions at a stocking density of 30-32 kg/m2.
The female and male birds were slaughtered in two separate sessions. Of each group 20 carcasses were randomly selected to evaluate carcass cut-up yields and fifteen of them were used to assess quality properties of both breast and leg meat (skin and meat colour, ultimate pH, drip and cooking losses, AK-shear force).
Results show that, as could be expected, conventional birds had a dramatic higher carcass and breast meat yield (Table 4), whereas free range birds had higher wing and leg yields (Figure 1). Both meat and skin of breast and leg coming from free range birds were lighter and less red and more yellow. FR birds exhibited higher water-holding capacity (lower drip and cooking losses) in both breast and leg meat. Finally, although shear force did not differ in breast meat, leg meat from FR birds were tougher. Overall the data show that noticeable quality trait differences exist between free range and conventional labelled poultry products and validates the existence of different market segments.
Wiebe van der Sluis, the Netherlands
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Sen. Thad Cochran (R-MS) said Monday he will resign on April 1.
The Associated Press first reported the resignation announcement.
Politico reported in December on the 80-year-old senator's "physical and mental decline" and noted he hadn't presided over a hearing of the Senate Appropriations Committee in months nor delivered a speech from the Senate floor all year.


Methyl Salicylate (aka wintergreen) is a common ingredient in muscle rubs and sports liniments - it supplies the distinctive aroma and warming sensation of products such as deep heat. This is a 500ml bottle of concentrated methyl salicylate and is not for use directly on the skin as an undiluted embrocation. It should always be diluted at least 4-to-1 before use (thus one bottle makes at least 2.5 litres.) Consider adding it to a massage lotion or a carrier oil to create your own warming sports balm. For external cosmetic use only.
A great addition to any post workout treatment. Use in conjunction with the Sweet Almond Oil and you will appreciate the results.


After earning a Bachelors of Fine Art with a concentration in Textiles from East Carolina University in 2009, I decided to enter the health and wellness field by becoming a Massage Therapist. I graduated from Southeastern Institute and received my North Carolina Massage License in the fall of 2010 and earned my certification in Pre and Perinatal massage in the fall of 2011. I am passionate about helping my clients on their path to wellness by providing a range of massage modalities to suit their needs. I feel that it is imperative to promote wellbeing during pregnancy in order for the mother to have the most comfortable pregnancy she can, and for the baby share the relaxation and pain relief benefits.
When you support an independent Massage Therapist you are contributing in more ways than just financially. You are affirming hundreds of hours of study and practice. You are supporting days, weeks, and months of persevering through hardship. You are making it possible for your therapist to earn a livelihood, support a family, and practice an art that brings them great joy because it helps others. Most importantly you are ensuring that they can continue to practice a profession that they love; something that they are truly passionate about; something that puts the life into the living.


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Йеменцы (араб. اليمنيون) — народ, населяющий Йемен. Численность — 19,7 млн человек (2005). Около 1,5 млн человек проживает в странах Персидского залива.

Происхождение
Йеменцы — коренное население Южной Аравии.

История
С древнейших времён в Южной Аравии существовала земледельческая цивилизация. На территории Йемена сменяли друг друга царства Маин, Катабан, Аусан, Хадрамаут, Саба и Химьяр (I тысячелетие до н. э. — VI век н. э.).

В IV веке н. э. юг Йемена был ненадолго завоёван Аксумским царством.

В 570 году Йемен был завоёван персами и до прихода ислама в 628 году был далёкой провинцией Сасанидской державы.

В XVI веке Йемен вошёл в состав Османской империи.

В 1839 году британцы основали аванпост в Адене, со временем подчинив себе весь Южный Йемен.

В 1918 году Северный Йемен стал независимым королевством, а в 1962 году — республикой.

В 1967 году независимым стал Южный Йемен.

В 1990 году оба Йемена объединились в Йеменскую Республику.

Язык
Большинство йеменцев говорят на северо-йеменском и южно-йеменском диалектах арабского языка, субэтнические группы говорят на махрийском, хадрамаутском и сокотрийском диалектах.

Генетика
Генетические исследования показывают, что Y-хромосомная гаплогруппа J достигает у йеменских арабов 72 %.

Религия
Арабы Йемена исповедуют ислам различных толков.
Население Северо-востока шииты: большинство — зейдиты, меньшинство — исмаилиты. Население Юга и Юго-запада — сунниты.

Социальная организация

В Северном Йемене особенно сильны старые племенные традиции и архаичная социальная структура. Привилегированные сословия — «сейиды» (потомки Мухаммада), а также «машаих» и «кади» (знатоки богословия). За ними следуют кабили — принадлежащие к племенам и владеющие землёй. Следом идут «слабые люди»: торговцы, ремесленники и прочие, не относящиеся к племенам, и занимающиеся недостойными настоящего кабили делом. Кабили могут быть патронами слабых, вторые зачастую выступают в качестве прослойки между племенами.

Большинство племён (в том числе крупнейшие союзы Хашид и Бакил) считаются «южными арабами» — кахтанитами, меньшинство, в том числе сейиды, причисляют себя к «северным» аднанитам. Одежда и оружие являются знаком принадлежности к определённому племени и сословию. Традиционный мужской костюм представляет собой рубаху, юбку и шапочку, либо платок. Женский костюм состоит из свободного платья и покрывала, закрывающего лицо. Изогнутый кинжал «джамбия» и винтовка — неотъемлемые атрибуты любого кабиля. В их домах есть пулемёты, гранатомёты и даже лёгкая артиллерия. Кроме кабилей, носить оружие могут только привилегированные сословия, но богословы обычно пренебрегают этим правом.

Хозяйство

Традиционные занятия йеменцев — возделывание зерновых и технических культур во влажных долинах Юга и Юго-Запада, над которыми проливаются дожди из воздушных масс, упирающихся в горы, отделяющие побережье от пустыни. В сухих пустошах Северо-Востока пасут свои стада кочевники. Также распространены традиционные ремёсла. Веками Йемен был известен своим кофе, плантации которого серьёзно сократились во время войны 1990 г.

Пища йеменцев — зерновые продукты, плоды садов, молоко, мясо, на побережье — рыба. Очень распространено жевание листьев ката — наркотического растения. До 80 % населения обоих полов регулярно жуёт кат. Кат — самая выгодная культура, занимающая 9 % всех сельхозугодий, 18 % населения работает в этой индустрии.

Жилища йеменцев варьируются от палаток бедуинов до пещерных домов и уникальных 5—7-этажных «высоток», построенных из саманного кирпича века назад.

Очень богаты музыкальная культура и поэзия Йемена, имеющая многовековые корни.

Литература
 Густерин П. В. Йеменская Республика и её города. — М.: Международные отношения, 2006.
 Родионов М. А. Йеменцы // Народы и религии мира / Глав. ред. В. А. Тишков. — М.: Большая Российская Энциклопедия, 1999. — С. 204—206.
 Коротаев А. В. Социальная история Йемена, X в. до н. э. — XX в. н. э. Вождества и племена страны Хашид и Бакил. — М.: КомКнига, 2006.
 Paul Dresh. Tribes, Government and History in Yemen. — L.: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Ссылки
 Густерин П. Йеменцы (этнографические особенности) // ЦентрАзия.

См. также
 Йеменский диалект арабского языка
 Йеменская кухня
 Йеменские евреи

Народы Азии
Арабы
Население Йемена
Народы Передней Азии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


During Kate Chopin's marriage she resided in Louisiana where the laws favored the husband in a type of patriarchal code. At the time women were subjected to a lesser role and the husband's will was freely imposed upon their wives. In "The Story of an Hour" much of Chopin's desire for the prospect of freedom is reflected to us through the character of Mrs.
Mallard. The societal norms of the late 1800's dictated that women would assume the feminine role and live for their husbands; as a woman's place was to reside in the shadow of her man.
Through the rich use of symbolism Chopin illustrates how the confinement created by social inequality illuminates our innate desire for freedom. The heart is a repeated conventional symbol used that reinforces Mrs. Mallard's internal and external restrictions set upon her. "Knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husband's death" (115). Immediately it is revealed that Mrs. Mallard suffers from heart trouble that not only is the cause of her death, but a burden she carries throughout the story.
The heart is often used to symbolize a loving relationship, but here her troubled heart symbolizes her troubled marriage. Just like her heart she has no control over her marriage and she constantly feels the imposing will of her husband lurking around. The news of her husband's death acts as a catalyst and sets off a chain reaction of repressed emotions within Mrs. Mallard that ignite her awareness of what has occurred. With the presence of her husband evaporating from her conscience, the prospect of freedom is so tantalizing that she cannot help but feel pure bliss.
The shackles placed on her by her husband were as real as her troubled heart, and with his passing these shackles were unlocked and she had been set free. "Free, free, free! " (116) as "Her pulses beat fast, and the coursing blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body" (116). Both her body and mind had been revitalized; she was free to live. Just like the literal use of opening a window, the open window Mrs. Mallard gazes out of symbolizes the releasing of her past life, and replacing it with the new uninhibited world she now has access to. She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. The delicious breath of rain was in the air. " (115). In contrast to her heart troubles and the death of her husband, there was a world teeming with life in front of her. The open window presented the ideal view of tree tops full of life and the scent of the rain beckoning at her. Perhaps this world was always there, but the mere existence of her husband inhibited her field of vision leaving her to only see what he saw.
Although the world around her had not changed, the realization that she was her own woman now was enough to alter her perspective. The monotone and bleak world she once saw was now abundant with songbirds and vibrant colors. All the restrictions had been lifted off of her shoulders like fresh air coming through the now open window. Freedom was a few mere steps away for her, ready to be seized. Death can be interpreted in many ways, but in "The Story of an Hour" death symbolizes the greatest freedom attainable. It is an ironic freedom as Mrs.
Mallard will never be aware that she has obtained it, but nonetheless it will forever be hers. Death is straightforward, because in death we lose everything. When Mrs. Mallard suddenly dies from the sight of her unscathed husband, the doctor comes to the conclusion that "she had died of heart disease – of joy that kills" (116). The doctor assumes that her death was caused by the joy from her husband, whom she thought to be dead, but in fact something else has caused it. Mrs. Mallard died from the shock created by the mere idea that her new found freedom and self possession was to be stolen from her.
Having just attained her sense of self possession, she immediately knows that the presence of her husband means going back to the confined life she knew. She would be the wife living, even cowering under the power her husband held. "She breathed a quick prayer that life might be long. It was only yesterday she had thought with a shudder that life might be long" (116). Day to day life under the power of her significant other was detrimental to Mrs. Mallard and it was only yesterday that she hoped for a quick death and freedom. Mrs.
Mallard's fear of losing her new found freedom displays how significant being free was to her. The loss of her freedom created more of a shock then the death of her husband and perhaps it was her fate to die by the hands of her husband. Whether it was literally by her husband's hands, her own suicide, or her heart giving out, they all reflect back on the husband and the social inequality she felt. Unable to withstand the impact of losing herself once more, Mrs. Mallard was literally left heartbroken and embraced the freedom that death offers us all.
As the title suggests "The Story of an Hour" is contrived within one hour and the use of time symbolizes the ticking away of our being and subsequently our freedom. An hour is a rather short amount of time but, as shown in the story, a lifetime's worth of repressed emotions can be unleashed in an hour's time. Mrs. Mallard goes through a personal metamorphosis during this hour as she processes everything that has unfolded before her. In conjunction with her desire to be free, Mrs. Mallard also celebrates how her remaining time is her own.
Recognizing that she no longer is marginalized by her husband, life now belongs to her. "Spring days, and summer days, and all sorts of days that would be her own" (116). Every day is now her own masterpiece, no longer will she be subjected to the feminine role society has decided for her. Perhaps Mrs. Mallard may not have been counting the minutes for her the news of her husband's death, but when the opportunity presents itself her deeply buried desire to be free rises up to the surface and shows how potent it truly is.
Ironically, Mrs. Mallard only had enough time to briefly savor the taste of freedom, before being dragged down into the belly of death. Widely viewed as an early feminist writer, Kate Chopin addresses the social inequality of the late 1800's through the marriage of Mrs. Mallard and how freedom is essential to our being. Mrs. Mallard's ailment of a weak heart provides symbolic evidence to conclude that she carries the burden of unequal strengths in her marriage.
Her heart is weakened by a one-sided relationship and in conjunction with the oppressive nature of marriage creates a life in which she is held prisoner to the will of her husband. After the death of her husband, the once closed window to self possession and fulfillment is unlocked without a trace of regret. No longer oppressed, the mind and body see "there were patches of blue sky showing here and there through the clouds" (115) and the innate desire to run free and escape is unleashed. No longer oppressed, the desire to be free from social injustice and inequality possesses Mrs.
Mallard, letting her exuberance run wild. In the midst of triumph we often lose our sense of time and how fragile life is. Death lingers around everyone and is the inevitable end, but perhaps it is the absolute freedom. In death we lose everything, but ironically, we gain an unclaimed freedom. Mrs. Mallard's inevitable death is not caused by her own weak heart, but her husband's oppressive role which forced her into the clutches of eternal freedom. Her need for freedom transcended her physical need for life and in death her desire for freedom is satiated.


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Sarkaari Admi IPPB India Post Payments Bank opened 1.9 million accounts since launch in Jan 2017
India Post Payments Bank opened 1.9 million accounts since launch in Jan 2017
India Post Payments Bank has opened nearly 1.9 million accounts since January 2017 when it launched operations, Parliament was informed Friday.
According to inputs from the Department of Posts (DoP), since its inception on January 30, 2017, India Post Payment Bank (IPPB) opened a total of 1,896,410 accounts till December 24, 2018, Minister of State for Finance Shiv Pratap Shukla said in a written reply in the Rajya Sabha.
As many as 975,806 transactions took place till December 20 this year, the minister said.
The IPPB had kicked-off its operations by rolling out pilot services in Raipur and Ranchi on January 30, 2017.
In 2016-17, a total of 1,654 accounts were opened of which 967 were in Chhattisgarh and 687 were in Jharkhand. In 2017-18, it opened 7,735 accounts of which 3,874 were in Chhattisgarh and 3,861 were in Jharkhand, Shukla said.
Till December 24, 2018, the number of accounts opened by IPPB reached 1,896,410 in states like Bihar, Odisha, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Delhi, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Jharkhand.
Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh which got priority over others in account opening during first two financial years, however, lagged behind when compared to states with maximum accounts till date, the minister said presenting the state-wise data.
Whereas Jharkhand has 66,762 accounts, Chhattisgarh has 18,804 accounts as on December 24, 2018.
Bihar and Odisha top the list with 423,000 and 324,000 accounts respectively.
Shukla said IPPB has been launched with a vision to build the most accessible, affordable and trusted bank for the common man and with the intention of spearheading the financial inclusion agenda by removing barriers for the unbanked and under-banked population.
"IPPB leverages the vast network of DoP...it is offering a bouquet of product and services, such as savings and current accounts, remittances and money transfer, direct benefit transfer, bill and utility payment and enterprise and merchant payments," the minister said.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Instead I propose a metaphor of rationality as the mental toolkit you use to understand the world, plan, and make decisions. Now, a toolkit is not the single perfect true metaphor for this purpose, but it does have one very nice property that the martial arts metaphor does not: other metaphors for rationality are themselves part of the toolkit.
Mental tools (or mental technologies) like Bayes' Theorem or Postmodernism can be invented. They can be passed from person to person, but they're no good unless you know how to use them. They can be designed for many purposes or for very specific purposes. Your capabilities expand as you acquire a broader range of tools, and you can produce finer work with more specialized tools.
You can use tools to build better tools.
You can use tools to build.
One other nice property of the toolkit metaphor is that metaphor is itself a part of the toolkit of rationality, as is self-reference.
The serious version, forgetting the sick burn on rationalists, is that it consists of a lot of tools for protecting yourself from your own cleverness, and they can work decently for that: suspect yourself of motivated thinking, take the outside view, etc. But there's always a temptation to instead use them to weaponize your cleverness. Dismiss others for being biased, selectively screen off evidence with rigged outside views… If there's an analogy here, it's to self-defense. But as I've elsewhere argued, rationality training should be analogized to therapy, if anything.
Rationality IS like a martial art to the extent that they're both about economy of movement and repetition to the point of automaticity.
You're right, rationality is kind of like a skill.
I think the metaphor was more about making rationality glamorous and to spur your ambition, to make your aspire to be a rationalist.
We've absorbed a lot of tropes about martial arts through our culture, be it Hollywood or manga. People train continuously and then finally manage to overcome problems that seemed insurmountable before. The wise old master gives you some advice and you suddenly gain a new perspective and become much better.
The metaphor was trying to tap into that inspiring image.
I think you don't understand martial arts very well. The only point on your list that I wouldn't dispute is the one about identifying skill.
It's likely that I don't understand martial arts (though I have spent several years studying a couple). What non-human opponents have I failed to encounter?
Some of the most formidable opponents in martial arts are your own arrogance, laziness, and so forth – the things that prevent you from perfecting the art. We could quibble about whether or not those qualify as human opponents, but dealing with them is certainly different than sparring in a competition.
This is an example of what I think the original post misses about martial arts. Philosophy is a major part of what martial arts teaches: self-discipline, self-improvement, learning from others and from criticism. Hence the relationship of the phrase "tsuyoku naritai" (I want to become stronger) to the conception of rationality as a martial art.
Next Next post: What is statistics?


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Libya: Lingering Doubts
January 3, 2012 October 29, 2011 by daryl.copeland
From the outset of the Libyan episode, there have been ample grounds for reservation. Both the manner in which events have unfolded, and also the longer-term implications, are troubling.
Objections to the lack of public debate, to NATO's tendency to reach for the gun before exhausting all alternatives to the use of armed force, to the ambitious pursuit of goals well beyond those authorized by the UN Security Council, and to the near complete incoherence of Western policy in the region seem well-founded. Quite apart from the unknown number of people killed during the rebellion, respect for international law and for the doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect have been among the more notable casualties.
The broader concern is that for NATO participants, policy has become an instrument of war. But that, and a host of other issues remain unaddressed. With Gadhafi's execution, these kinds of considerations have by and large been lost in the orgy of triumphalism and self-congratulation.
It may be that the Western military intervention in support of one side in a civil war was the best available among a limited selection of bad options, and that a new Libya, launched down a path of democracy, security, prosperity, and respect for human rights, is set to become a model. I hope so. But most of those attributes are without antecedent in Libya. I can't shake the feeling that it is still way too soon to break out the champagne.
Why worry?
Deprived of a common enemy, the various factions within the ruling Transnational National Council (TNC) now have little to keep them united. Inevitable differences will arise over the distribution of power and the dispensing of patronage, not to mention the division of the spoils. These issues will be exacerbated by Libya's long history of regional, ethnic and tribal divisions. Tensions of this nature will be challenging to contain and manage.
With the uncontrolled pillaging of Gadhafi's armouries, the country is awash with weapons of all description, and untrained militias roam the streets. Some will be keen to settle accounts and will seek revenge through reprisals. All of this will be difficult to control and roll back.
The received wisdom notwithstanding, the Gadhafi who for a while had become the toast of the town when he changed foreign policy direction, settled with the Lockerbie bombing victims, renounced support for terrorism and terminated his efforts to develop weapons of mass destruction, was not universally reviled within his country. Although his erratic, eccentric and sometimes brutal behaviour made it easy to slot him as a cartoon cut-out, the very caricature of a loony despot, by comparative measure, he was not particularly corrupt and had some real achievements to his credit.
Gadhafi worked hard for African unity and financial independence. He invested oil revenues in support of national needs, and spent substantially on domestic infrastructure such as schools, hospitals and roads. Development indicators, such as literacy and infant mortality rates, were the best in the region, and this may account for the fact that Libya topped all other African countries in the UN's Human Development Index.
Much of this legacy will have been lost in the seven months of NATO bombardment, and that may help to explain why not all of Africa is celebrating.
With the NATO military mission scheduled to end October 31, the centre of the international action will shift to trade and investment promotion, and to competition for lucrative resource and reconstruction contracts. Yet driven by the relentless pressures of the 24/7 news cycle and popular preferences for infotainment, the legions of journalists who covered the fall of Sirte have largely moved on. As a result, in the aftermath of the conflict and short of a resumption of full-blown hostilities, over the coming months we are unlikely to hear all that much about NATO's new protectorate, or its proxies in the TNC.
That is unfortunate, for in the case of the latest exercise of Western military intervention, the proof will be in the pudding.
Categories Uncategorized Tags armed force, intervention, Libya, NATO, UN Security Council, War Post navigation
Diplomacy in the Digital Age
No Time to Celebrate Victory in Libya


Governor Culver's budget starts with $5.32 billion in general fund appropriations, and then he proposes to use $387 million of one-time money to increase the spending to $5.707 billion. This one-time money will come from the cash reserve fund ($207.5 million), federal stimulus money for Medicaid ($94.2 million), federal stimulus money for education and general purposes ($48 million), and Senior Living Trust Fund for Medicaid ($37.7 million). This expenditure will empty the Senior Living Trust Fund. Using one-time money for ongoing expenses is not a good way to budget. The Governor includes $341 million in his budget from so-called reorganization savings. However, the nonpartisan Legislative Services Agency only predicts $29 million in savings for 2011 from the proposed legislation.
http://www3.legis.state.ia.us/noba and click on Government Reorganization and Efficiency Bill.
Your property taxes will increase soon, but don't rush to blame your city, county, or school board. Decisions being made in the state legislature and by the Governor will cause automatic increases in property taxes. When unfunded mandates are shifted to cities and counties, or when state aid to schools is underfunded by the state, the school spending authority allows the difference to be filled with property taxes. The Governor's budget proposal underfunds state aid to schools by $170 million. His proposal to shift $50 million from the Road Use Tax Fund will also cause property taxes at the local level. In addition, the government-run preschool program (promised to be paid with state dollars) will now cause property taxes to increase.
We tried to amend the Iowa House Rules to say "Voting in the House shall not occur between midnight and 8 a.m. on any legislative day except for voting on a motion to adjourn." The Democrat majority voted it down. I guess we will continue to do business at the Capitol when Iowans are asleep.
I can be reached by telephone at the Capitol 515-281-3221, directly to my desk in the House Chamber 515-281-7615, or at home 515-462-5081. Please send mail to my home at 1524 Highway 169, Winterset, IA 50273, or the State Capitol Building, Des Moines, IA 50319. I appreciate hearing from you.


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Q: Adding password to single slide in powerpoint As we already have the feature of adding password to ppt file now I want to add password to particular slide in powerpoint. This is because i added a chart in the presentation and i want the chart to be visible only for some users. How can i do this

A: You can't.  Instead, you could link from your main presentation to another password-protected presentation that contains only the slide with the chart.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Too many people see children's books as the very antithesis of "all ages" — to them, anything written for children must obviously be too dumbed-down to be of any interest to them. It's a shame, because as more sophisticated comics fans will tell you, this attitude cuts one off from some of the best cartooning ever produced. You don't have to dumb anything down to tell good stories to children; you need only use direct language and know how to communicate visually to get the job done, and satisfying these requirements can often produce works that really do appeal to all ages. It's not the easiest task in the world, but many artists have become renowned for its accomplishment.
Take, for example, Siena and Mark Siegel's new book, To Dance. This charming graphic novel may be intended for children ages 8-14, but the story it tells will appeal to anyone who has ever aspired toward mastering a difficult and demanding craft. In To Dance, writer Siena recounts an early love of ballet, how it led her from Puerto Rico to New York City and the School of American Ballet, one of the most prestigious dance schools in the United States, and the joy that learning to dance and participating in ballet performances gave her.
This sequence and below ©2006 Siena Cherson Siegel and Mark Siegel.
Of particular note is the cartooning of co-creator Mark Siegel, who brings this story to life with an astute use of sequence and a lively and expressive line. The only previous work by Siegel that I'd seen was a previous children's book, Seadogs, and while his art was perfectly adequate to the task presented in that book, here it rises to a different and thornier set of challenges: giving life to a tale of personal discovery rather than character conflict, and conveying dance through still images. The latter can be an especially vexing task; as with the depiction of any activity involving motion, the temptation to add speedlines or draw a Muybridge-like collection of consecutive still images will sometimes result in adequate pagework, but it really requires more in order to carry such a story for anything longer than a few pages. Siegel uses a combination of consecutive images, single images that capture the essence of a given performance and a smart application of framing and page-design techniques to bring young Siena's world to life.
The obvious measure against which to judge such a job would be Kyoko Ariyoshi's eye-popping masterpiece of graphic virtuosity, the pioneering shoujo ballet-manga Swan, which on the face of it seems about as fair as using Chris Ware's ingenious page designs as the template from which to judge a four-panel comic strip... but Siegel's layouts, while nowhere near as complex as Ariyoshi's stunning performance on the page, nonetheless use some of the same tricks, albeit simpler, streamlined versions of same. I have no idea if he even knows who Kyoko Ariyoshi is to begin with, but the fact that Siegel's work doesn't immediately fold in the face of such a comparison is itself impressive.
Of course, it would all be meaningless without Siena's heartfelt story of childhood aspirations and achievement to serve as anchor. In 64 pages, she imparts a joyous love of dance to the reader, and when noting toward the end the injury that forced her to give up her dreams of life as a professional ballerina, she still manages to step lightly past what would be a tragic and jarring note in less capable hands, and concludes her tale with a hopeful and affirmative coda. To Dance is a delighful ode to the dreams that drive and define us, and how they can enrich our souls even if we ultimately fail to achieve them. Bravo!


Six Luxury apartments in recently renovated 19th century Bastide . Central village location with large swimming pool, satellite tv & free WiFi . Close to a number of other villages & towns with cafés , bars & restaurants . Numerous vineyards nearby including our own at Saint-Jean-de-Serres which all of our guests are welcome to visit .


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Rob Gronkowski Is The White Tiger On The Masked Singer? Fans Are Convinced The Former Patriot Is Under The Mask
Feb 8, 2020 2:10 PM PST
After the first two episodes of Season 3 of The Masked Singer aired this week, fans on social media are already convinced that they know the identity of the White Tiger. Only the six contestants in Group A have performed so far in the new three-group format, and while there is still serious debate about the others, fans are sure that the White Tiger is former New England Patriots tight end Rob Gronkowski.
The Season 3 format features three groups of six contestants each, and Group A started things off during the post-Super Bowl premiere. The first six to perform were Kangaroo, White Tiger, Llama, Miss Monster, Robot, and Turtle.
During the first episode, White Tiger performed his version of Vanilla Ice's Ice Ice Baby . And, for his second performance, White Tiger opted for another rap. This time it was Good Vibrations from Marky Mark and the Funky Bunch.
White Tiger is obviously not a professional singer, but what are the clues that have fans believing it's the 30-year-old Gronkowski? The biggest seems to be a poster in the clue package that read, "Four score and seven years ago…"
As one fan pointed out, Gronk tore his ACL and MCL in 2013 - which was seven years ago - and that season he only had 600 yards and four touchdowns. Hence, he had four scores seven years ago.
Gronk is also six feet, six inches tall, and it's obvious that White Tiger is significantly taller than host Nick Cannon, who is about six feet tall. At the end of one of his clue packages, White Tiger asked fans if they were "Ready to meet your next champion?" And, Cannon also mentioned during the premiere that the contestants in Group A had a total of nine Super Bowl appearances. Of course, Gronk won three Super Bowls and played in five total before retiring.
"If this isn't Gronk, I will eat a football," wrote a fan.
The Masked Singer panelists - Robin Thicke, Jenny McCarthy Wahlberg, Ken Jeong, and Nicole Scherzinger - have been all over the place with their guesses. They include John Cena, Jason Momoa, Tyler Perry, Hulk Hogan, Charles Haley, and Michael Strahan.
However, guest judge Jamie Foxx said in the premiere that he thought it could be Gronkowski. And, during the second episode, Thicke brought up that guess again.
"It's the most powerful I've ever felt," the White Tiger said about performing with a mask. "Like I could conquer anything. I never want to take it off."
"Gronks voice is a dead giveaway when he performs," noted a fan.
The Masked Singer airs Wednesday nights on Fox.
Wendy Williams Wears Sexy Toga For Halloween 2020 - See The Sexy Roman Goddess Here!
Posted on Oct 30, 2020 10:18 AM PDT
Wendy Williams Surprises Fans On Masked Singer -- Talks About The Hilarious Appearance On Morning Show
Posted on Oct 29, 2020 11:16 PM PDT
Brian Austin Green Says He's Relieved To Be Eliminated From The Masked Singer - Here's Why!
Posted on Oct 9, 2020 5:30 PM PDT
Kris Jenner Gushes Over Kendall Jenner As She Walks The Tom Ford Runway
Ally Feb 12, 2020 5:57 PM PST
Four score and seven years ago points to his #, 87. ( a score is 20 years.....)


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Home Living Our Rich History: Griffin Yeatman's Square and Compass Tavern, the heart of early Cincinnati
Our Rich History: Griffin Yeatman's Square and Compass Tavern, the heart of early Cincinnati
Jul 30th, 2018 · 1 Comment
By Steve Preston
Special to NKyTribune
Griffin Yeatman arrived in Cincinnati on June 20, 1793. He was born on March 8, 1770, in Westmoreland County, Virginia. From this genteel area of the Northern Neck of Virginia, birthplace of George Washington, came 23-year-old Yeatman to the fledgling frontier town of Cincinnati.
When he arrived, he found eight dirt streets lined with 20-30 log cabins, 30 stores, and nine taverns. Just to the east of the hamlet was Fort Washington, the military installation charged with the protection of the settlers. Griffin Yeatman, and his business, would be at the center of events as Cincinnati became the "Queen City."
Newcom Tavern (1796) Carillon Historical Park, Dayton, Ohio, would have been similar to Yeatmen's Tavern. (Courtesy of Wikimedia Commons)
Yeatman purchased land adjacent to the public landing and on the banks of the Ohio River built the first large tavern in Cincinnati. Located on the northeast corner of Front and Sycamore Streets, he called it the Square and Compass. Yeatman's tavern, replete with hardware from the East Coast, was a two-story log structure consisting of tap-room, dining hall, ballroom, and rooms upstairs for meetings. A wooden sidewalk out front kept the river mud at bay. A stable and courtyard were also part of the tavern. One of the first buildings to be seen by those coming by boat, it proved economically advantageous. Its location helped to make it a popular meeting place for locals and soldiers on pass.
Because of its location, size, and popularity, Yeatman's Square and Compass became the center of Cincinnati socially and civically. When citizens wanted to meet, they almost always met at Square and Compass. A rye whiskey by the name of "Old Monongahela" was a local favorite of customers. Townspeople gathered here for celebrations such as the Fourth of July. However, these dinners were attended only by members of the same political party once Griffin Yeatman entered politics. Citizens often gathered there to discuss local matters.
One of the more exciting meetings at Yeatman's tavern occurred in March 1801. At this particular meeting, the residents discussed the use of a new invention capable of allowing boats to go against the river current using steam engines. Yeatman's courtyard was also the scene of the first theater performance in Ohio.
As the influx of new people to Cincinnati increased, so did the size of Yeatman's investment. By 1800, he had expanded his tavern to include the "Hotel de Ville" or "Yeatman's Inn." His establishment was not just the favorites of locals. Prominent figures visited as well, including General Andrew Jackson, Vice President Aaron Burr, The Marquis de Lafayette, and Territorial Governor Arthur St. Clair.
Yeatman's signature on an 1824 land deed. (Photo by Steve Preston)
Civically speaking, the Square and Compass and Griffin Yeatman became vital to early Cincinnati. It was the location for Cincinnati's first post office. It was a makeshift hospital; it even housed an early Cincinnati museum. More importantly, a room in the upstairs of the tavern served as the meeting place for the first territorial legislature. In 1802 the tavern was the site of the first session of the territory's Supreme Court. Griffin Yeatman entered politics. He served in several political offices, such as Justice of the Peace and County Clerk. He is most well-known for serving 27 years as the Hamilton County Recorder.
Yeatman would marry twice as a resident of Cincinnati. First, he married Jane Winton in 1795. With her passing in 1808, he married her sister Margaret in 1814. Griffin Yeatman died in 1849 at the age of 79. He was well-respected in the community and has not been forgotten. He was the first initiate of the N.C. Harmony Masonic Lodge of Cincinnati. In fact, the Yeatman Masonic Lodge is named after him. The park and area where his inn was located are known today as Yeatman's Cove Park. The Hamilton County Recorder's office commemorates Yeatman with the "Griffin Yeatman Historical Achievement Award." This award recognizes excellence in historical preservation, research and other actions dealing with Hamilton County History.
Steve Preston is the Education Director and a Curator of History at Heritage Village Museum. He received his MA in Public History from Northern Kentucky University.
Our Rich History: Newport Barracks and Mexican-American War; housing soldiers ready to be deployed
Our Rich History: John T. Thompson of Newport was a firearms inventor of international acclaim
01/6/2020 · 2 Comments
Our Rich History: First settler in Newport, Jacob Fowler was a surveyor, adventurer and deputy sheriff
12/30/2019 · 0 Comment
Bonnie Jeanne Speeg says:
August 1, 2018 at 4:13 pm / Reply
Perfect paper of Yeatman history. Thanks for being a part of Heritage Village and studying early Cincinnati history.
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We are loving this gingham mini skirt! Just pair her with a simple cropped tee and a heel for a super cool, on-trend look. She can be worn from day to night with just the change of a shoe- and we love that!
Mini skirt. Concealed side zipper. Ruffle detail across front. Fully Lined.


What have you done to oppose the 'Assisted Dying' Bill?
Ahead of the second reading debate in the House of Lords on Friday 18 July concerning Lord Falconer's 'Assisted Dying' Bill, these are just some of the ways in which you can make your support for a culture in which we deem no lives not worth living. How have you acted - or will you act - to make heard the case for keeping the current law?
This is crucial. This is your chance to have someone with a vote on Lord Falconer's Bill hear why such a law would hurt you. Members of the House of Lords do not have constituents and for hundreds of newer peers, this will be their first opportunity to vote on the issue, so it is up to you to engage them.
Click here to request the names of three randomly selected Peers to write to, and make your voice heard - today.
The bill is being debated in the House of Lords, but your elected representatives should know how you feel about this issue, so contact them or arrange a meeting.
Ask them to sign EDM 86, a Parliamentary motion arguing against the adoption of Lord Falconer's bill and denouncing rising numbers of assisted suicide deaths under Washington state's Oregon-inspired law. Visit our website for key points concerning both the specifics of the Falconer Bill, and the broader arguments.
Ask them to engage colleagues in the House of Lords and in their party's leadership on the issue, seeking their support for the current legal position.
This bill is set to be subject to a free vote, but many senior politicians have already publicly declared their opposition to legal change. Parliamentarians have accepted party leaders' overall vision in electing them - these same leaders must not be afraid to offer leadership in opposing the 'Assisted Dying Bill'.
Join disabled people outside Parliament on 18 July to lobby peers.
Write to national and local newspapers, comment on online news items, phone in to radio shows, contact news editors offering to share your story more fully and speak out on social media. In an area where it all too often seems that whoever shouts loudest wins, be brave, be respectful and be honest. Do you have relevant personal or professional experiences that you could share?
If you've known times where legalised assisted suicide would have robbed you or a loved one, speak out.
If you've known patients who've been glad to get past fear and anguish, speak out.
If you've seen firsthand the reality of assisted suicide and euthanasia abroad, speak out.
It can be hard, but it will be valuable and your voice will be appreciated by so many people who feel swept up and disenfranchised.
I s the World entering a new age of Barbarism. The powerful elite who govern can and do override the rest of us and Falconer is putting his Bill once again before the Lords. State sanctioned killing was last experienced in Europe following the rise of national socialism in Germany. Falconers 'assisted suicide' bill is not that far removed from the state once again deciding to 'assist' those it requires to exit the world to so at its convenience. We should be very careful here, of this terror. I can talk - I have MND.


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Q: Network is taking a lot of time at startup My computer takes about 40 seconds to start (Kubuntu 18.04, without SSD).
This is the output of systemd-analyze critical-chain
~$ systemd-analyze critical-chain
The time after the unit is active or started is printed after the "@" character.
The time the unit takes to start is printed after the "+" character.

graphical.target @38.283s
└─multi-user.target @38.283s
  └─postfix.service @38.278s +4ms
    └─postfix@-.service @35.039s +3.236s
      └─network-online.target @35.033s
        └─NetworkManager-wait-online.service @26.666s +8.366s
          └─NetworkManager.service @20.984s +5.678s
            └─dbus.service @18.457s
              └─basic.target @18.330s
                └─sockets.target @18.330s
                  └─uuidd.socket @18.330s
                    └─sysinit.target @18.286s
                      └─haveged.service @18.286s
                        └─systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service @16.903s +448ms
                          └─local-fs.target @16.900s
                            └─boot-efi.mount @16.757s +142ms
                              └─systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-DAA7\x2d28F1.service @14.156s +2.550s
                                └─local-fs-pre.target @13.638s
                                  └─lvm2-monitor.service @4.199s +9.438s
                                    └─lvm2-lvmetad.service @5.365s
                                      └─systemd-journald.socket @4.141s
                                        └─system.slice @4.140s
                                          └─-.slice @4.096s

It looks like NetworkManager-wait-online.service and NetworkManager.service are taking a lot of time to load. Is there any way to reduce their time of oading? Can they be disabled? Will that disable the wifi after startup? I don't always need the wifi to be turned on after startup, I can manually turn it on if needed.
Disabling NetworkManager-wait-online.service did not help much
graphical.target @38.841s
└─multi-user.target @38.839s
  └─postfix.service @38.831s +7ms
    └─postfix@-.service @35.445s +3.382s
      └─network-online.target @35.441s
        └─network.target @35.386s
          └─NetworkManager.service @25.834s +9.551s
            └─dbus.service @20.408s
              └─basic.target @20.152s
                └─sockets.target @20.152s
                  └─acpid.socket @20.152s
                    └─sysinit.target @20.109s
                      └─haveged.service @20.108s
                        └─apparmor.service @18.601s +1.486s
                          └─local-fs.target @18.600s
                            └─boot-efi.mount @18.446s +154ms
                              └─systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-DAA7\x2d28F1.se
                                └─local-fs-pre.target @16.471s
                                  └─lvm2-monitor.service @4.046s +12.424s
                                    └─lvm2-lvmetad.service @4.876s
                                      └─systemd-journald.socket @4.018s
                                        └─system.slice @4.017s
                                          └─-.slice @3.974s

A: The NetworkManager-wait-online.service simply waits until the system is connected to a network (for a maximum of 30 seconds). You can safely disable it.
NetworkManager.service on the other hand won't cause delays, and you should leave it on (unless you want to manually start the service when you want to connect).

A: Disabling NetworkManager.service wouldn't decrease the boot time. It only waits for system to connect to a network.
It maybe the hardware slowing the boot up as was in my case.


If you are married on December 31, you are considered married for the year.
It's the law that matters, not geography or your living arrangements.
It's my annual "Taxes from A to Z" series! For the series, I'll focus on terms that you might see on your tax forms and statements but not necessarily in the headlines. If you're wondering whether you can claim wardrobe expenses or whether to deduct a capital loss, this is one series you won't want to miss.
F is for Filing Status.
One of the first pieces of information you share with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is your filing status. Your filing status impacts your tax rates, the number of personal exemptions you can claim, your qualification for certain tax deductions and credits and more.
Your filing status may determine whether you must file a federal income tax return as well as what kind of return you can file.
For federal income tax status, marital status is determined by state law as of the last day of the calendar year. If you are married on December 31, you are considered married for the year.
If you're not married because you were never legally married or you were legally separated or divorced according to the laws of your state, you can file as single. You can't file as single just because you feel single: if you live by yourself but you're still legally married, that doesn't make you single.
If your spouse died during the year, you are considered married to your former spouse for the whole year – unless you remarry before the end of the tax year. If you do remarry, you will file as married with your new spouse; your deceased spouse's filing status will be married filing separately for that year.
It's the law that matters, not geography or your living arrangements. You can file as married filing jointly (MFJ) whether or not you lived together with your spouse at any time during the year (though you don't have to... keep reading).
Similarly, married filing separate (MFS) doesn't have anything to do with your living arrangements. MFS is a tax choice where married taxpayers opt to file separate returns. Deductions and credits can be significantly limited so, in most cases, you're more likely to get a higher tax bill filing MFS than MFJ. If you file MFS, you have to coordinate with your spouse. If one spouse chooses to itemize, the other must also itemize; if one spouse claims the standard deduction, the other must also claim the standard deduction.
If you are unmarried and provide a home for a dependent, you may be able to file as Head of Household (HOH). You must be single, divorced or considered unmarried at the end of the tax year and have paid more than 50% to keep a home for the entire tax year with your dependent or a parent who was a dependent. You may be considered unmarried for purposes of HOH if all of the following apply: you lived apart from your spouse for the last 6 months of the tax year (don't count temporary absences for business, medical care, school, or military service); you file a separate tax return from your spouse; you paid over half the cost of keeping up your home for the tax year; your home was the main home of your child, stepchild, or foster child for more than half of the tax year; and you can or could claim the child as your dependent.
If your spouse died during the year and you have a dependent in the home, you can, for the next two years, opt to file as qualifying widow(er) with dependent child so long as you don't get remarried.
There may be a situation where more than one filing status applies to you. In that event, you'll want to run the numbers and choose the one that will result in the least amount of tax.
A is for Advance Payment of Premium Tax Credit.
B is for Backup Withholding.
C is for Campaign Contributions.
E is for Effective Tax Rate.


Last week our film Naturalis was awarded the highest honor at the 33rd Annual Telly Awards! It's a remarkable achievement to be selected as they receive over 13.000 entries from the finest advertising agencies and production companies from all over the world.
The Telly Awards is the premier award honoring the finest film and video productions, groundbreaking web commercials, videos and films, and outstanding local, regional, and cable TV commercials and programs. Today, the Telly is one of the most sought-after awards by industry leaders, from large international firms to local production companies and ad agencies. The Silver Telly Council, the judging and oversight body, is comprised of top industry professionals that are past winners of a Silver Telly, their highest honor.


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Madison area of Wisconsin's pick your own farms and orchards for fruit, vegetables, pumpkins and more. The website also has canning & freezing instructions, related events and fun and listings for every other state and many countries!
Welcome to Simcoe County's premier online supplier of premium topsoil and soil mixtures, sand, gravel, river rock, mulch and limestone products.
Book now at Cru Cafe in Charleston, SC. Explore menu, see photos and read 3816 reviews: "Ordered salad entrée portion and I left still hungry -"
<Back to News Home | Ritchey Design VentureMax Handlebar: Quick Review- by Guitar Ted A decade ago when the gravel cycling scene saw its rise to popularity begin, there were very few choices in handlebars with flare and sweep.
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Saudi Arabia Embassy Document Legalisation in London, UK
How do I legalise my documents for The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia?
For any document to be used in a country other than the country of its origin, it has to be given legal status. This process of verification and attestation is known as legalisation. The 1961 Hague Convention abolished the practise of consular legalisation for foreign public documents to be used in the member countries. This means that public documents issued in one member nation can be recognised in another, with just an apostille certificate. Apostille is a special form of certification that imparts legal status to a multitude of documents used in cross border transactions, such as international relocation, foreign business transactions, foreign legal proceedings and so on. In the UK, the apostille certificate is issued by the Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO).
However, if you would like to present your documents for relevant use in Saudi Arabia, you would need legalisation by the Saudi Arabia Embassy in London. This is because Saudi Arabia is not a member of the 1961 Hague Apostille Convention. Documents will need to be first issued with an apostille certificate by the FCO, prior to submission at The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in London. Additionally, notarisation might be required prior to an apostille for certain documents. Unless the document is not issued by the UK Registrar's Office, it has to be notarised by a registered Notary Public or Solicitor in the UK, for the FCO to apostille it. Examples of some documents that do not require notarisation are UK issued birth certificates, marriage certificates and death certificates.
Thus, Saudi Arabia document legalisation consists of three steps: notarisation, apostille certification and Saudi Arabia Embassy legalisation.
It should be noted that some commercial documents, intended for use in the Kingdom, will require attestation by the Arab-British Chambers of Commerce (ABCC) and the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI), before submission to the Saudi Arabian Embassy.
The process can be long and complicated. The Legalisations.org.uk team can help with the entire process, right from getting the documents organised in the right format to submitting and retrieving them personally from the concerned authorities. If the Embassy requires the documents to be translated into the official language of Arabic, we can take care of that as well.
£95.00 – £135.00 (+ VAT)
Saudi Arabia quantity
Important Notes for Legalisation by the Saudi Arabia Embassy in London:
In cases of legalisation of power of attorney documents, the signatory's passport number has to be typed in or written under their power of attorney, authorisations of agent and agreements. If a Saudi Arabian national has been mentioned in the power of attorney, the ID number should be mentioned against each name. The same holds true for any Saudi company mentioned in the document, in which case, the company's registration number has to be mentioned.
For any type of document being submitted for legalisation, a copy of the applicant's passport must accompany it. Also note that the name and address of the consignee in Saudi Arabia should be mentioned on each document.
In case of legalisation of educational documents and work permit applications, the requisite documents need to be presented through the Saudi Arabian Cultural Attaché, instead of the consular section.
For commercial documents, attestation by the London Chamber of Commerce and Industry (LCCI) and the Arab-British Chamber of Commerce (ABCC) is required, prior to legalisation by the Saudi Arabia Embassy. Three photocopies of each commercial document are required to be submitted.
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a prominent destination for UK citizens, for the purposes of tourism, business and employment. In various matters of visa applications and subsequent transactions within the Kingdom, UK-issued documents need to be presented to the Saudi Arabian authorities. To impart authenticity or legal status to these documents, the Saudi Arabia Embassy legalisation in London is a must. Since the Kingdom is not a member of the 1961 Hague Apostille Convention, the legalisation process becomes lengthier, with documents needing both FCO apostille certification and Saudi Arabia Embassy legalisation.
Legalisations.org.uk has for years dealt with document legalisation needs for multiple countries across the world. Our clients include individuals as well as top corporate entities. We understand that the entire process of legalisation could be cumbersome. There are various facets of getting the process completed correctly, including prior notarisation of select documents, translation services in certain cases, adhering to specific document formats and obtaining appointments from various UK government offices and consular departments.
Our agents will work tirelessly to ensure that all your requirements are completed in the fastest time possible. We will collect the documents from you and submit them to the concerned authorities, after detailed pre-checking. These documents will again be collected by our consultants to be delivered to you safely. To achieve the fastest turnaround times, we work with a vast network of Notary Public and Solicitors, lawyers, individuals, consular and government officials. Our agents are always up to date with all the changes in the Middle East visa policies and Embassy document legalisation requirements.
Legalisations.org.uk is a professional, experienced and reliable service. We host prompt customer services and ensure we are cost effective for our clients best interest. We review each document and obtain the apostille certification, the correct format, translate the documents if necessary and further submit the documents to the Saudi Arabia Embassy for legalisation, and minimise the chances of rejection.
If you wish to request for our consultancy services, you can send us an email at info@legalisations.org.uk. You can also call us at 0845 224 9482. Alternately, you can fill our contact form, and one of our representatives will get in touch with you soon.
Do I need to visit the Saudi Arabia Embassy in London?
In order to legalise UK-issued documents for use in Saudi Arabia, you will need to visit the FCO office for apostille certification, prior to submitting the documents at the Saudi Arabia Embassy in London. For this, you will need to book an appointment at the FCO and then the consulate department.
However, if you choose the services offered by Legalisations.org.uk, our consultants will complete all the formalities on your behalf. We will obtain appointments with the required departments, such as the FCO office in Milton Keynes and the Saudi Arabia Embassy at Mayfair, London. Our consultants will visit each office to submit your documents and collect them after legalisation. If any document requires prior notarial certification, we will contact accredited Solicitor and Notary Public in our network to get the documents notarised at the earliest. After legalisation, the documents will be safely delivered to you.
Legalisations.org.uk is known for its utmost discretion in handling confidential documents. Trust our vetted consultants to offer you reliable, prompt, efficient and cost-effective services at all times.
How much does Saudi Arabia document legalisation cost at the Saudi Arabia Embassy in London?
Documents have to be apostilled by the FCO, prior to submission to the Saudi Arabia Embassy in London. If your documents need FCO legalisation, we offer a standard package (next-day delivery) and a premium package (within 2-3 hours delivery). The apostille fee for the standard package is £30 and for the premium package is £75.
The consular fee for legalisation of personal documents is £45 per document for the first document and £21 for subsequent ones. For commercial documents, the fee is £68.40, which includes the LCCI and ABCC attestation fees.
Legalisations.org.uk will charge additional service fees, based on your requirements, such as special delivery, DHL delivery and so on. After you fill your order form, we will add in the consular and government fees, along with the service charges, to offer you a quote. You can make the payment through the order form, and then send us the requisite documents for legalisation.
Please note that our team will inform you regarding any additional steps that might require extra charges during the process, and advise on the same.
How fast can you legalise my documents for Saudi Arabia?
The UK Foreign & Commonwealth Office (FCO) will need to issue an apostille certificate to the documents before they can be submitted to the Saudi Arabia Embassy in London for legalisation. Documents can be provided an apostille stamp within a few hours by the FCO. However, it may take up to a day, depending on the service package you choose.
After we submit the documents for Saudi Arabia Embassy legalisation, the consulate department may take 3 working days for legalising personal documents and up to 5-6 working days to legalise commercial ones. In total, your documents consider an approximate period of a week, within which we will get your documents legalised. If the documents need additional attestation by the Arab British Chambers of Commerce (ABCC) or notarisation, this period might be extended.
We would recommend you to consider any public holidays, such as UK national holidays or Saudi Arabian religious holidays, when the concerned departments will remain closed. Documents for intended use should be submitted well in advance.
I want to work in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which documents need to be legalised?
One of the top 20 economies in the world and the biggest economy in the Middle-East, Saudi Arabia is a hub for foreign investments. Under the Vision 2030 program, the KSA government is working to diversify its economy into other sectors, apart from its dominant oil and gas industry. UK graduates and postgraduates find opportunities to work in many sectors in the Kingdom, such as oil and gas, telecommunications, banking, education, tourism, healthcare and engineering. Most of these jobs are in international companies located in the capital city of Riyadh and in other popular cities, such as Jeddah and Dammam.
If you would like to work in the Kingdom, you will first need an employment contract directly with a Saudi Arabia-based corporate entity to apply for a work visa with residence permit. Visa applications have to be submitted to the Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in London, which will require legalisation of several documents.
Both personal and academic documents require legalisation. The Personal Documents that need legalisation are:
UK police clearance certificate (ACRO)
Adoption papers and divorce decree (if required)
Visa medical certificates
Original signed employment contract
Personal power of attorney
If you are sponsoring the residence visa of your family members, including spouse and children (below 18 years), you will have to submit their personal documents as well, as mentioned in the list above.
The Embassy will also verify your educational qualifications, which makes you fit for the job application. Educational certificates issued by UK-based institutions will need to be attested first by the Saudi Arabia Cultural Bureau in London, before submission for Saudi Arabia Embassy legalisation.
Academic Certificates
College degree certificates
A-Level, BTECH, NVQ, HNC, HND, Level 1-3 certificates
PGCE, QTS, Teaching certificates
Primary school certificate and high school certificate (for sponsoring children below 18 years). UK school transcripts need to be authenticated with the Saudi Arabia Cultural Bureau in London.
If you are applying for a work visa to relocate to one of your company's branches in Saudi Arabia, you will need to present a letter of introduction, issued by your UK-based employer, for legalisation.
We would recommend you to get in touch with your Saudi Arabian sponsor company, to know of all the document legalisation requirements beforehand. It is possible that the company might require certain documents to be translated into Arabic, which our certified translators can take care of.
Do I need to get my documents translated to Arabic for Saudi Arabia Embassy legalisation in London?
The diplomatic missions of many countries might ask for documents to be translated into their official language, before legalisation. The United Kingdom does not have a regulating body for translators, otherwise known as "sworn translators." This is why translation services should be availed after careful checking of credibility. Legalisations.org.uk has a team of certified translators who are experts in various languages including Arabic.
The Saudi Arabia Embassy in London does not have any requirements to have your documents translated into Arabic for legalisation purposes. However, many Saudi Arabian entities, such as companies, trade bodies and government departments, might need your documents to be translated into Arabic for relevant use. Some examples of documents that often require translation are police background checks, trademarks and patents, company financial reports, and power of attorneys.
Our networks of professional and qualified translators belong to the Institute of Translators and Interpreters as well as the Institute of Linguists. To guarantee accuracy and quality of the documents they perform detailed checks of spellings, grammar, formats, sentence structure, punctuation, completeness and more, so that the documents remain true to the original. The translated documents are further certified by accredited Notary Public and Solicitor in the UK, to prove their authenticity.
If you require our translation services, kindly mail us your requirements, along with the documents, at info@legalisations.org.uk. We will get back to you regarding the price and turnaround time at the earliest.
Where is the Saudi Arabia Embassy in London?
The Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia in London is located at:
30 Charles Street,
London W1J 5DZ
The working hours of the Embassy are from Monday to Thursday, 9:00 am to 12:00 pm (lodging) and 3:00 pm to 4:00 pm (collection). On Fridays, the timings are 9:00 am to 11 am (lodging) and 2 pm to 3 pm (collection). The Embassy remains closed on Saturdays and Sundays.
Bus numbers 2, 38, 9 and C2 can be taken to reach the Embassy. You can also travel via the tube. The nearest tube stations to the Embassy are Jubilee, Piccadilly and Victoria. The South Eastern and Southern railways lines can be used to reach the destination too.


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Topsham is a sought after location containing many listed and historic properties. It is also possible that your prospective purchase is within a Conservation area. It is important to realise that a new owner of a listed property could be liable for the cost and responsibility of rectifying any inappropriate alterations or material changes made to the property under a previous ownership. It is, therefore, very important to commission the correct type of survey for the particular property that you are considering and to have any alterations properly assessed. Topsham's proximity on the Exe estuary means that some properties have suffered from flooding in the past and more are considered to be "at risk." It is therefore vital that the possibility of flooding is properly considered.
Philip Carruthers Ltd can provide in depth surveys and reports on all property types in Topsham, and further afield. Whatever your individual requirements, if you are looking for a Chartered Surveyor in Topsham or if you are simply looking for advice as to the most appropriate survey for the property that you are considering, please do not hesitate to contact us by telephone on 01647 252502, filling in the form below or by email at philipcarruthers@btconnect.com .We look forward to hearing from you.


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Give Kids Better Options or 'Gangs Will Give Them Something To Do,' Local Leaders Say
Local News Poverty/Justice
Give Kids Better Options or 'Gangs Will Give Them Something To Do,' Local Leaders Say
Jim Jakobs, Digital Producer
The kids spoke and the Fresno City Council reacted, promising to invest nearly $10 million dollars to support youth in the coming year.
A Wednesday night summit involved several dozen young people who spoke directly to leaders at the Fresno Fairgrounds. Councilmembers said the meeting helped peel back layers and break down barriers.
"It was the best community conversation I have been involved with," said Mark Salazar, Fresno's deputy chief of police.
Council member Luis Chavez said, "This was probably one of the most productive, really fruitful conversations that that I've had the honor of attending."
"It's pretty simple. We either give kids something to do, or the gangs will give them something to do."–Fresno City Council President Miguel Arias
Summit Addressing Violence in Fresno
Over a dozen community organizations brought young people to the event for a conversation about the recent spike in violence in the city.
The meeting was held outdoors so everyone could space out. Chavez said reporters and camera crews were escorted out so participants could speak freely. Mayor-elect Jerry Dyer was in attendance as well.
"The conversations I heard were, you know, they're running away from something," said Chavez. He said he heard stories about trauma in the home, abusive relationships with parents, and problems with caretakers.
"They want those basic recreational, educational and economic opportunities," explained Chavez. "A lot of them said, you know, I used to have a job, six, seven months ago, and now I don't." He said many participants said the were previously helping their parents or their foster parents but now bills are piling up.
"One of the phrases I heard last night was gang violence is really a language. It's how oftentimes young people communicate where if you've had trauma and you've been damaged, you tend to go out and do that out in the streets," says Chavez. "Right now, it's sad to say, but a lot of these gang leaders are being really active in recruiting our kids."
"The conversations I heard were, you know, they're running away from something."–City Council Member Luiz Chavez
As he looked at the crowd in attendance, he was able to identify several of the groups working to address neighborhood issues, including Street Saints, Fresno United, Barrios Unidos, and 'Take A Stand Committee.
"I saw a lot of young people that were street smart, street savvy, know the neighborhoods in and out," reveals Chavez. "They knew what goes on and actually wanted police to help them to get rid of those people that are causing havoc in the neighborhoods."
Providing Alternatives
"We developed some short term and long term goals," said Chavez.
Some of the nearly $10 million dollars approved Thursday by the City Council will go to parks, and park maintenance almost immediately, Chavez said.
The pandemic limits what the city can currently provide as far as recreational opportunities, but that's not stopping them from pushing forward, he said.
Chavez said the BMX bike park at the Mosqueda Center could be opened up soon. "We can do that because there's really no person to person contact," he said.
Chavez also said he's having discussions about restoring a youth employment program. "We can actually employ a lot of these young folks to help out in the community and give back. And for me, that's a win win situation, whether it's in the form of them cleaning our parks or helping us beautify some of the alleyways, or our streets," he said.
Fresno City Budget
"When we're facing crises of kids continuing to kill each other, we really have to think long and hard."– Councilmember Esmeralda Soria
When the council approved the city budget Thursday, councilmembers Arias and Esmeralda Soria spoke about the impact the voices of young people had on their vision for the city moving forward.
"It's pretty simple. We either give kids something to do, or the gangs will give them something to do," said Arias. "You can't arrest your way out of this increase in crime. And we have got to stop executing the defund agenda of our youth in our city."
"When we're facing crises of kids continuing to kill each other, we really have to think long and hard," said Soria. "What if those were really your kids or our kids? And these kids are our kids because they live in our neighborhoods and they live in our cities, so we have a responsibility."
Take A Stand Committee Reaction
"This is now chance to beautify our community, host job training for our youth to be employable, create community jobs for our youth, plan safe social distancing activities…"–Kina McFadden, Take A Stand Committee board member
Kina McFadden, who helped organize an anti-violence rally at City Hall last week, said the money can be put to effective use.
"This is now chance to beautify our community, host job training for our youth to be employable, create community jobs for our youth, plan safe social distancing activities like boxing, tennis, performing arts, movies in the park, gardening, farming, fishing, camping, skiing, community engagement, volunteerism, peer to peer mentoring, Girls and Boys Scouts with youth workshops financial literacy, politics 101, etc.,"
Notes taken during Wednesday night's summit will be used to create an action plan, Chavez said.
"Last night was essentially a framework of how to start the conversation. I said we're gonna have a lot of uncomfortable conversations, but let's get uncomfortable together because, you know, this is our city."
Chavez said there are a small number of gang members behind most of the recent violence and he wants to send them a loud and clear message.
"Yes, the police department is going to address that (gangs) in the suppression aspect," said Chavez. "But we're also going to invest in our young people on the intervention and prevention side and really remove that dynamic and those conditions that make them prime for these gangs."
Related Story: Dyer Reveals Plans To Stop Gang Violence at City Hall Rally
Related Topics:City of FresnoCouncilman Miguel AriasCouncilwoman Esmeralda SoriaLuis Chavez
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This property features many updates throughout. You enter this meticulously maintained home through the covered entry and double entry French doors to all new flooring throughout. The gourmet kitchen is sure to please with all new granite counter tops, new stainless appliances, new sink, new garbage disposal and fixtures. The kitchen features a large breakfast bar, 2 pantries and tinted bay windows that overlook the updated pool (salt pool generator 2019, pool popups 2019, new pool pump 2015, fountain pump 2016 and 2010 Pebble Tec surface). A grand fireplace warms the family room with 15ft. cathedral ceilings with plenty of natural light from all the windows overlooking the sparkling heated salt water pool and spa. Split bedroom plan with a huge master with walk-in closet. Vaulted or 10 ft ceilings in all living areas. New roof with 25 year warranty (GAF) labor and material. New Air Conditioning system 2018, New Garage Doors 2016 that is 130 MPH rated. Industrial whole house surge suppressor, high capacity water softener 2015, new pool screening in 2015 â" too many items to list. 10 minutes to Sunset Beach. This home is move-in ready, nestled at the end of a cul-de-sac, perfect for a large family. Home is being sold 'As-Is' for the sellers convenience. Buyer to verify all dimensions.
From US 19 head west on E Tarpon Ave, Left on S Pinellas Ave, Right on Meres Blvd, Right on Village Dr, house is on left.
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Tarpon Springs is located in Florida. Tarpon Springs, Florida 34689 has a population of 24,605.
The median household income in Tarpon Springs, Florida 34689 is $43,024. The median household income for the surrounding county is $45,574 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Tarpon Springs 34689 is 51.6 years.
I am interested in 502 Village Drive, Tarpon Springs, FL 34689.


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(Ireland) Cork: 'Lack of [special ed] places is quite stark'
Jan 22, 2022, Irish Examiner: Parents feel as if they're 'falling off a cliff' over lack of special needs school places https://www.irishexaminer.com/news/arid-40791006.html
Parents and children in Cork feel "as if they're falling off the edge of a cliff" making the jump from primary to secondary school when it comes to those with special education needs, a local TD has claimed. Fianna Fáil TD for Cork North Central Pádraig O'Sullivan told the Dáil that figures provided to him by the National Council for Special Education "details comprehensively the issues we are having in Cork city and county, primarily suburban Cork". "That correspondence details that at primary school level, all but one primary school, a school in Midleton, were full in terms of autism spectrum disorder, ASD, provision," he said. "The same was true for villages such as Berrings, a relatively small village on the western side of Cork city. For Blackrock in the city centre itself, Grenagh, or whatever other village one wants to mention, this correspondence details the same thing, namely, that in the whole issue of special education, the lack of places is quite stark." The most important figure provided by the NCSE is that 193 primary schools have ASD provision for students and only 70 are available at post-primary level. The issue is more acute at second level, with areas such as Glanmire, Ballyvolane, the Glen and the entirety of the north side of the city at capacity. "The most important figure provided by the NCSE is that 193 primary schools have ASD provision for students and only 70 are available at post-primary level," Mr O'Sullivan said. "There is nearly a 3:1 ratio of ASD provision in primary schools compared to secondary schools." In response, Education Minister Norma Foley said the Government is investing in special needs education across the country, with the number of classes having increased significantly in the last decade…. She said a new special school in Carrigaline has increased the number of places for this school year, with more to be brought on stream next year…. Separately, it was confirmed to Mr O'Sullivan via parliamentary question that the Department of Education has agreed in principle with Cork City Council to purchase a site at Brooklodge in Glanmire with a view of making it a new special school.


Sr Mareta Nai sm was called to eternal life on Tuesday 10th October 2017.
Eternal Rest grant to her, OLord.
May perpetual Light Shine upon her.
Mareta Nai was born on June 3, 1963 much to the joy of her parents, Adrea and Dorotea Raikivi, who lived on one of the very small islands of Fiji. They warmly welcomed their third daughter and later produced three more boys and two more girls. Adrea and Dorotea brought up their eight children in the faith and were grateful to God who called Mareta to the religious life and Fr. Roga, their son, to the diocesan priesthood. Mareta completed her Primary and Junior Secondary education at the local primary and secondary schools in Solevu, but did her higher secondary studies at St. John's College, Cawaci on the island of Ovalau.
As a young woman, she had her dreams. Amongst them was the strong desire to offer herself to God in the religious life because she wanted 'to serve God's people and share love'. One of her aunts was a member of the SOLN Congregation but Mareta chose to seek God in the Congregation of Mary. She became a pre-candidate with us in 1986. I was privileged to have been the one appointed to initiate Mareta into religious life. She was received into our Novitiate at Wailekutu in 1988 when she was 25 years old. Having discerned her vocation, she confidently took a leap in faith to give herself to God as a Marist Sister.
From this initial stage, I noticed her spirit of faith and concluded that she must have come from a family of great faith. With this gift of faith, Mareta was open and willing to learn to know more about her God and about herself. This helped her greatly to grow in her knowledge and love of her God, and in acceptance and love of herself. She was willing to face her woundedness and sought for healing. In facing the challenge of living with others who were very different from her, Mareta was willing to discover more about herself, and grew in supportive relationship with others in community. She gained much from her formation and was happy to offer herself to God as she made her first profession on January 15, 1990. As her relationship with God deepened and her love for the Marist charism grew, Mareta was ready to respond to Christ's love and vowed herself to him to be his for the rest of her life, living his Gospel as Mary did as a Marist Sister. She made her Perpetual Profession on January 1, 1998.
In the end, in spite of Mareta's months of illness, her death came quite unexpectedly on 10th October 2017. On the weekend of October 7 and 8, most of the Sisters went to Vatukoula for the celebration of the 80th Anniversary of the Marist Convent School. Filo and Vika stayed home at Lami with Mareta. They asked her what she wanted to eat and, whatever she craved, they prepared for her – she had enjoyed this, especially the seafood. She sat in their company in the kitchen and even offered to help. Filo and Vika noticed a new lease of life and they all enjoyed their weekend together. Mareta used to be greatly comforted by Filo massaging her legs when they were painful. When the others came back, they also noticed this improvement. On the evening of October 9, Ulamila, Mareta's carer took her food to her room, which she ate. Mareta asked Ulamila for a cup of hot water and a peeled apple to leave on her table for later on. The two of them chatted while Ulamila massaged her hands for quite a while; and she suggested that they had better prepare for bed. Ulamila came back after 10 pm to see if Mareta needed anything. They again had another chat. Then she told Ulamila to go to bed and only to come to her after Mass the next morning… that she would be all right. Ulamila faithfully followed that instruction. After Mass, she and Vika went up quickly to see her. Only to find that the Lord had come and taken Mareta home with him. Her body was still warm. Of course, the Sisters were shocked and grieved as nobody suspected that Mareta was going to die just then. Mareta's brother, Roga (Diocesan priest) had been planning to come and celebrate Mass in Mareta's room that day. He was so very sad, of course. However, it seems Mareta was happy to go and celebrate Fiji Day in heaven.
Mareta was loyal, committed, prayerful and kind-hearted.
During her time on this earth, she positively touched so many people.
Her memory will live on forever in all of our hearts.
Mareta we will all miss you. God bless.