Maulburg, Germany 1/7/16 Westfleisch, one of the largest meat processing companies in Germany and Europe, is optimizing its vacuum supply with centralized vacuum systems from Busch. It has nine production facilities and a turnover of $2700 million.
The Westfleisch meat processing center in Erkenschwick covers an area of 1,453,127 square feet, and slaughters between 30,000 and 40,000 pigs per week.They manufacture 800 to 900 tons of meat products weekly, including mainly raw sausage, boiled sausage, and ham. The extensive production areas are equipped with a Busch centralized vacuum system supplying 30 packaging lines in several buildings. For Westfleisch this represents the most reliable and economical vacuum solution.
Westfleisch was founded in 1928 as a livestock cooperative, and is now one of the leading meat processing companies in Germany and Europe. More than 40% of production is exported, to over 40 countries. Over 4,000 farmers are contracted to produce pigs, cattle and calves, allowing Westfleisch to maintain detailed records of the origin, safety and quality of meat products throughout the production chain. Sales to end consumers are made through food retailers. The Westfleisch group employs about 1900 staff, with its central administration located in Münster, Westphalia. Nine production sites carry out the slaughter, butchering, processing and finishing operations. The first Busch centralized vacuum supply was installed at the Erkenschwick meat processing center as early as 1990. Westfleisch in Erkenschwick now employs more than 1000 staff in a two-shift system five days a week. Some Saturdays are also worked if required by seasonal demand. The third shift carries out plant cleaning operations.
A second centralized vacuum supply was later added due to the continuous expansion of production capacity, subsequent extensions to the site, restructuring measures, and strict separation of the raw and cooked meat areas ("zoning"). In 2013, Westfleisch decided the two systems – located several hundred yards apart – should be replaced by a single vacuum supply. The new system was to be centrally situated to minimize the pipework length to all packaging lines in buildings throughout the site. Previous experience at other Westfleisch sites with Busch vacuum technology and centralized vacuum supplies had been positive, so a Buschsolution that met all requirements was chosen.
Busch designed the system to provide the shortest possible cycle times in all 30 thermoforming packaging lines. The packaging chambers are evacuated in two stages with a faster pressure response, reducing the cycle time to a minimum. This means that a part of the centralized supply comprises rough vacuum pumps, which pre-evacuate the packaging to 50 mbar (37.5 Torr). A valve switches to the medium vacuum supply on demand, reducing the packaging pressure to between two and three millibar (1.5-2.25 Torr). This is not only the fastest way to achieve ultimate pressure in the packaging; it is also the most efficient. This high efficiency is a result of the relatively small Busch R 5 rotary vane vacuum pumps used for rough vacuum generation. The medium vacuum supply is provided by frequency-controlled Panda boosters, activated only after the rough vacuum level has been achieved. A modular thermoforming vacuum supply provides vacuum at 160 mbar (120 Toor) to the thermoforming stations. The vacuum is used to form the wrapping film into a tray in a mold. The Busch centralized vacuum system is designed for expansion: additional modules may be installed to meet increasing demand. An expansion became necessary at the beginning of 2015.
Since this expansion in 2015, the extended centralized vacuum system has comprised a total of 18 rotary vane vacuum pumps and rotary lobe vacuum boosters. This is exactly the same number of units as the two vacuum supply systems used prior to 2013. However, these two systems provided vacuum to 13 packaging machines, whereas the new centralized system now supplies vacuum to 30. This means the combination of the two old systems to a single centralized vacuum supply has produced energy savings of 56%. The control system of the new vacuum supply is programmed to activate or deactivate vacuum modules as required to meet current demand. The distance between the centralized vacuum supply and the individual packaging lines can be up to 437 yards. The Westfleisch site in Erkenschwick has a over 1400 yards of PVC pipework for the rough, medium and thermoforming vacuum supplies.
After 10 months of operation, the Westfleisch management expressed their complete satisfaction with the new vacuum system, and their confidence that the decision in favor of Busch systems was correct.
Besides energy savings, an important factor in the decision to use Busch systems was the availability of a complete range of services from a single source. The overall project planning, design, construction, installation and commissioning of the system – including pipework – were carried out by Busch vacuum specialists. Busch also offers an all-inclusive servicing package in which Busch takes full responsibility for the vacuum system, carries out all maintenance tasks, and provides an immediate response if a fault should occur. Busch technicians can carry out the maintenance without production downtime, as individual vacuum modules may be disconnected from the vacuum network and reconnected after servicing. Service technicians do not require access to production areas – a major advantage in the food industry for reasons of hygiene. A further benefit of centralized vacuum systems is the absence of heat emissions by vacuum pumps to the cooled production and packaging areas, resulting in significantly reduced energy costs for air conditioning.


Responding to an anonymous 911 call, state troopers went to Brian McGacken's home on Feb. 17, 2007, and he answered the door dressed in a bathrobe. When he explained the source of the noise [a woman screaming blood murder], the troopers asked to speak to his girlfriend. She came downstairs wearing a towel and confirmed his explanation. Nevertheless, the troopers asked McGacken for identification. He went upstairs to retrieve it and did not object when a trooper followed him.
On the second floor, the trooper smelled raw marijuana and saw McGacken use his foot to push a tray under a couch. Asked what was on the tray, McGacken admitted it was marijuana. In the bedroom, the trooper saw bagged and loose marijuana as well as growing plants. Arrested, McGacken consented to a search of his home, resulting in the seizure of 12.5 ounces of loose and bagged marijuana, 15 plants and marijuana-related equipment and paraphernalia.
McGacken tried to suppress the evidence on the grounds that the cops lacked a reasonable basis to enter his home after providing a logical explanation for the screaming. Generally, the cops can't use any evidence they find in your house unless they have a reason to be there. Any evidence obtained during an illegal search is subject to the exclusionary rule. U.S. v. Mapp. Unfortunately for McGacken, the court held that the cops were operating under the duty to rescue when they entered his home and consequently anything illicit obtained during that search is admissible. McGacken has been sentenced to 10 years in the clink. Here's hoping, for us all, he appeals.
Posted on March 21, 2010 by nskam	This entry was posted in novelty. Bookmark the permalink.


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Home (page 2)
Author Archives: Brian Johnson
Brian joined Finance and Commerce in February 1998. His primary beat has been construction and development.
Mankato apartment buildings trade for $55M
Brian Johnson January 11, 2021 3:53 pm
A North Dakota-based Real Estate Investment Trust has paid $55 million for an eight-building apartment complex in Mankato, according to a certificate of real estate value filed last week in Blue Earth County.
St. Louis Park apartments advance
Brian Johnson January 8, 2021 4:10 pm
Mortenson Development wants to build a seven-story apartment tower at the former Santorini Restaurant location in St. Louis Park, a now-vacant site once pegged for a mixed-use development anchored by a hotel.
Contractors cautious about hiring in 2021, survey finds
Minnesota contractors and their national peers plan to be cautious about new hiring in the coming year, according to a new industry survey.
More senior housing planned for Arden Hills
More than 260 senior housing units may be coming soon to Arden Hills as plans move ahead for two separate developments with a mix of independent living, assisted living and memory-care dwellings.
Eagan warehouse fetches $12M
A warehouse complex on Lone Oak Road in Eagan has changed hands in a $12.15 million deal, according to a certificate of real estate value made public this week.
Trucking company pays $12M for South St. Paul building
The Rihm Kenworth trucking company has paid $12.15 million for its formerly leased home on Concord Street in South St. Paul.
Senior housing projects clears hurdle
Local developer Todd Simning hopes to start construction in early June on an estimated $22 million project that would bring a mix of affordable and market-rate senior housing units to Chanhassen.
Projects to watch in 2021
A global pandemic wasn't enough to stop many Minnesota construction projects from advancing in 2020. More of the same is expected in the coming year as major projects move forward from Rochester to Duluth.
Catholic Charities pays $25M for Augustana Care Center
With the acquisition of the one-time nursing home, Catholic Charities of the Twin Cities is poised to start a major renovation that will turn the building into a permanent housing and respite care facility.
Manufacturing building fetches $22M in Eagan
Opus Development Co. has sold a new manufacturing building in Eagan for $21.98 million, according to a certificate of real estate value made public this week.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I started with a couple weeks of legendary backountry powder skiing on the north island, then moved to the south island for another few weeks of touring around. Both the snow and the unique culture left me with a fantastic experience.
The photo albums below chronicle both parts of the the trip.


Deliciously fresh spring rolls packed with veggies, mango, chicken & shrimp. Serve with honey teriyaki dipping sauce.
Rated 5 out of 5 by TS Belinda from Amazing Honey Teriyaki Sauce!! These little Spring Rolls were so easy to make, and so delicious!! A new favorite!!


Finish your crib bedding with our crisp tailored coordinating crib skirts. You can mix and match our skirts with many of our bedding collections. A few favorites for our Stone Skirt are Fawn, Ink & Elefant.


text:
The Popular Educator, Volúmenes3-4;Volumen13
and in rural districts. This vernacular tongue would be regarded new impulses of development, and given birth to new modes by the Roman purists as a corrupted form of the Latin. Cor- of utterance conformably with the progress of our modern rupt, doubtless, it was, for it contained many words of merely civilisation; and even produced new languages, any one of local prevalence, of low origin, and of no authority. Neverthe- which would not suffer in comparison with classic Latin. less, in it were preserved both terms and forms which, being of I have already intimated that the Saxon did not receive any a very early origin, like our English dialects, belonged to the very large inheritance immediately from the confused mass of very substance of the language.
words and tongues which ensued from the social collision of the Already in the bloom of the Roman power, the Latin language North and the South. Yet do we owe to the Romance languages had received a very large infusion of foreign elements from the so much, that I am not at liberty to pass on until I have giren several nations which lay around it as a centre, and over which some particulars, the rather that without the facts that ensue, a it had established its sway—the countries which we now term knowledge of the English lacks an important element. France, Italy, Spain, and Portugal. Though the original popu- Out of an original Latin term two or more English words lation of these wide districts had, in common with the Romans, were formed, either by some change in the body of the word, or a Celtic basis for their language, yet, from locality and diverse some change in its termination. Of those newly-coined words, culture, they had each for themselves formed a different tongue; one will be found to bear a close resemblance to its original ; and these diversities, when the Roman authority became supreme, another will have departed from it in form and in meaning to a and the Roman language was introduced under the wing of that greater or less extent: the former is the older, probably the authority, readily blended themselves with the more refined more scholar-like; the latter is the more recent and the more diction of the metropolis and of the great Roman writers. popular. I subjoin a few instances, annexing contractions to Causes of diversity did not fail to appear on the establishment, show whence the terins have come to us, thus: Fr. shows that in a land, of the Roman despotism. Those causes went on in the word is derived directly from the French ; It. from the their operation. At last a new cause, a canse of tremendous Italian ; and Sp. from the Spanish. When the English word power, came into play—the invasion of the northern Barbarians. seems to come to us immediately from the Latin the contraction The blow broke the Roman empire in pieces. Out of the conse- Lat. is prefixed :quent ruins arose new forms of government-the forms of our Blasphemare, to rerile,
Fr. to blaspheme, blame. present European kingdoms. With the formation of new centres Calx, limestone,
Fr. to calcine, calcination. of political power and social influences, new languages were Calculus, a pebble,
Fr. to calculate, calculous formed-the French, the Italian, the Spanish, the Portuguese ;
Campus, a plain,
Fr. camp, champaign. at least, these are the main branches that shot forth from the
Canalis, a pipe,
Fr. canal, channel, kennel.
Cantus, a song,
Fr, chant, enchant, canticle. old trunk and grew, until in separate literatures they each pro
Fr, chap. chapter, cap, captain, duced fruit. Our English was not without an influence from Caput, a head,
capital, chief. the general shock ; but chiefly from tho Romanco languages, Causa, a cause,
Fr. cause, causation, accuse. when they had received each its individual form and character, Charta, paper,
Fr. chart, charter. did the Saxon basis of the English tongue receive additions Clamare, to shout,
Fr, claim, exclaim, reclaim. and incorporate elements. Latin came to us in the conquering Commendare, to entoust,
Sp. commend, recommend. train of William of Normandy. His Norman-French, a Romance Comparare, to get together, Sp. compare, prepare. tonguo, like his bold barons, and generally his superior culture,
Consuetudo, custom,
Fr. costume, custom. made war on the old Saxon element of our land, defeated it, took
Divinus, divine,
Fr. divine, a divine, a diviner.
Sp. don, duenna; it prisoner, and went far to make it do its own bidding. So Dominus, a master,
Fr. dominate, dominion. overpowering was the influence of the court, and so imperious
It. doubt; was the sway of fashion, that the first accents of our English Dubitare, to doubt,
Fr. dubitation. literature were compelled to take a Gallic shape and tone, Dubius, uncertain,
Lat. dubious, dubiety. retaining their mother Saxon as best they might, and uttering
Sp. donation;
Donum, a gift, the native sounds" with 'bated breath."
Fr. donative. The Italian branch of the Romance language inoculated our
a leading :
Fr. duchy;
Ducatus, {
Med. La
a du
It, duke, doge.
English through the medium of the Roman Catholic Church,
whose Latin, of universal prevalence, was a sort of medium,
Factio, a making,
Fr. faction, fashion,
Fragilis, easily broken,
Fr. fragile, frail. and as a medium, so a stepping-stone, between the classic purity
Gravis, heavy,
Fr. grave, gravity, gravitate. of the olu Latin language and the new languages of mediæval
Hospes, a host,
Fr. hospital, spital, hospitable. Europe ; and whose forms, ceremonies, officers, laws, and courts
It. implicate; combined to infuse into English a copious and pervading Latin
Implicare, to fold in,
Fr. imply, implicit. element.
Sp. ingenious;
Iugenium, genius, As the Spaniards and Portuguese made their conguests in
Fr, engine. foreign climes, and, becoming masters of the ocean, held com
Magister, master,
Sp. mister, mistress, master.
Major, greater,
Fr, major, majority, mayor. merce in their hands, so they, in conducting their maritime and
Fr. operate, operator, operation; commercial transactions, gave to all modern languages words
Opera, work, belonging to their tongue, and the names by which, with more Pietas, piety,
Fr. piety, pity. or less accuracy, they denominated the articles of foreign pro- Potio, drink,
Fr, potion, poison. duce which formed the staple of their trade.
Redimo, to buy off,
Fr, redeemed, redemption. At later periods, too, the Romance languages have exerted an Romanus, Roman,
Fr. Roman, Romance. influence over the English, and left bequests which remained
Securitas, security,
Fr, security, surety. after the source of that influence had ceased to exist.
Senior, older,
Fr, sire, sir.
Salvo, I save,
Fr. save, safe, salutary.
instance the reign of the profligate Charles II., when, with a
Portuguese princess for his queen, that monarch, dependent on
Separo, I put cpait,
Fr. separate, sever.
Servio, I serre,
Fr. serve, servant, serf.
French bounty, allowed French writers and French tailors to set
Sp. specie, species ; the fashion in England, and the language of high life, and partly
Species, a kind,
Fr. special, especially. of books, became a mongrel of bad French and worse English. Superficies, a surface,
Fr. surface, superficies, superAbbreviation is one of the forms through which languages
ficial. pass in their natural development. By abbreviation has the This list pretends to nothing more than to give instances in Latin passed into the Romance languages. The abbreviation which two or more words accrued from one Latin term. In some has not been in the structure of sentences ; for in the structure instances it is not easy to determine whether our English word of sentences expansion has taken place, and fulness ensued, so came immediately from the Latin, or through some one of the that it is difficult to render by the same number of words a Romance languages. If, however, tho facts above set forth are passage from a Latin classic into a Romance tongue. The ab. correct in the main, then we learn how much our language has breviation has been in the forms of the words : the inflexions been enriched by the Romance tongues, and that we are chiefly have been curtailed; case-endings and person-endings, even to under obligations to the French. some extent tense and mood-endings, have been diminished or Were this the place to enter into a statement and comparison
The words thus set free from bonds have followed of the words and forms in the Romance languages borrowed
uchy}
It. opera.
I may
done away.
from the Latin, we should be able to do much to enforce on our press their gratitude by a faint cheer, but their voices utterly failed pupils the study of the Latin as the mother tongue, and as the them; and, overcome by weakness and a revulsion of feeling, the key to the French, the Italian, the Spanish, and the Portuguese; soldier of tho 71st sauk prostrate on the ground between the coffios.
"Memorials of th» Castle of Edinburgh," pp. 257-259. nor do we doubt that the knowledge of comparative philology which, thanks to German scholarship, is now rapidly spreading
A WHALER IN A STORM. over the civilised world, will ere long lead to what may be termed the genealogical study of languages. Instead of spending many
About eleven o'clock, I ventured on deck, and for the first tine in
my life saw what the ocean looks like in a storm. I could see nothing all years in learning some little Latin and less Greek, after the round but heaving mountains of water; each succeeding wave seemed as tedious and almost futile plan of our ancient grammar-schools, if it would swallow up the labouring vessel, but it always appeared to the young will be led to study languages in their natural groups: melt away gently uuder us, except when one more rapid, or "cross," the Indo-European group; tho Shemitic group; the Celtic group; would send water and spray washing over her decks and high up into and in subordinate classes, the Greek, tho Latin, and the Ger- the rigging. The motion of the ship was not uncomfortable, being man group. With a good knowledge of Latin, which ought not very differeut from the short cross-pitching we had experienced in the to cost a boy above three years, a student, if rightly directed, about me in silent wonder and admiration, little thinking that the
North Sea. I remained on deck about a quarter of an hour, gazing could acqnire the French, the Italian, the Spanish, and the hitherto harmless waves were upon the very eve of proving their Portuguese within two years, and at the same time receive great might over man's puny bolts and beams. Feeling it chilly, I went aid toward a minute and accurate knowledge of the English, below. I had just enter3d the cabin and taken my seat, when the especially if at the same time he was studying German together ship became motionless, as it were, and seemed to tremble in every with its cognato tongues.
beam. A report, like thunder, mingled with the rending and crashEXERCISES IN COMPOSITION.
ing of timber; sudden and complete darkness, with a rush of
water through the skylight, and the ship thrown on her beam-ends, Form each of the ensuing words into a sentencc.
showed me what one has to expect occasionally at sen. I scrambled Words with their proper Prepositions.
on deck after the captain, as I best could, scarcely knowing what had
happened. Here nothing was to be seen but wreck and destruction. FOREIGN REPRESENTATIVES, To call on, at, fox, on a per
The quarter-deck was literally swept of everything---rails and bulwarks, Lat. cal, to call. son ; at a house,
almost all the stanchions, the binnacle, the compasses, dog's couchCapable of, Lat, cap, to receive.
and nothing could be seen of the wheel but the nave. But the worst Care for,
was still to come; two poor fellows were missing. One had perished Careful of, for, Sax. car, solicitude.
unnoticed; he must have been killed amongst the wreck, washed over Careless of,
board, and sunk like a stone. The other had been seen by the mate Carp at, Lat. carp, to pluck,
—for an instant only-floating on the biunacle and just sinking. No Catch at, up, Dut. ketz, to catch.
human assistance could have been rendered to them with such a sea Caution against,
Lat. caut, to guard against. running. Two other poor fellows were rather seriously injured, and Certify of, Lat. certus, certain.
took up my attention for some time. The captain, cool and collected, Change for, with, Fr. change, to change.
soon restored confidence to his men, and, in a short time, had the Charge on, or against a fer
wreck cleared away, a long tiller shipped, and the vessel again hove son ; with a thing, Fr, charge, to load.
to. Spare spars were lashed to the stanchions that remained, so Report the following anecdotes to another person, or write out that we had again something like bulwarks, but for many a day afteryour own version of them after having read them through care
wards the ship had a sadly damaged and wrecky appearance.-Goodsir's
Arctic Voyage. fally:
A PARDON AT THE RIGHT MOMENT.
On the 29th of May, the whole garrison was paraded on the Castle
HISTORIC SKETCHES.—XXVII.
Hill at Edinburgh, and formed in three sides of a hollow square, facing
inwards. With drums muffled and rolling, while the band played a
THE THIRTY YEARS' WAR. solemn dead march, three of the Highland recruits, each stepping THIRTY years of war! Thirty years of battle, murder, and sudslowly behind his open coffin, were brought by an armed escort down den death; thirty years of anarchy and bad-blood-making; thirty the winding pathway from the citadel, and placed in the vacant space of the square, opposite a numerous firing party under the orders of years in which two strenuously opposed hosts did their utmost to the propost-marshal. It was a bright and beautiful summer morning,
mar so much of God's image in one another as thirty such bat there was a dark cloud on every face, for no ceremony is more inn.
years had left remaining in them. Why all this bloodshed ? pressive and terrible than a military execution--and on that morning The conquerors and the conquered called themselves Christians, three soldiers were to die. They were desired to kneel down beside professed to be guided by the teaching of Him who bade his their open coffins, while the following paper was read by the adjutant- follower put up his sword into its sheath, and ordered the smitgeneral :
ten on one cheek to turn the other cheek also to the smiter. It is "Garrison Orders.
true that he said so, true also that he warned his followers " HeadQuarters, 6th May, 1779. At a general court-martial, held in Edinburgh Castle, on Thursday, sword—that is to say, that though he himself taught his dis
that he was come not to bring peace upon the earth but a the 6th May, and two following days, whereof Lieut.-Colonel Dundas, of the 11th Dragoons, was president, for the trial of Charles William ciples, by his own precept and example, not to resist evil, he 800 and Archibald Mac-Ivor, soldiers of the 42nd Regiment, and Robert knew that what he taught would so divide men az for a time, Budge, soldier of the 71st Regiment, accused of mutiny, at Leith, on and even, perhaps, at recurring times, to put the sword of strife the 20th April, and instigating others to do the same, the court unani- between them. The parents were to be divided against their mously found the prisoners guilty of mutiny, being a breach of the children, the wife against her husband; and a man's foes were 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th articles of war; and having duly considered to be they of his own household. the evil tendency of mutiny and sedition, especially when carried to
This state of things had been seen in Christendom on more such enormous lengths as in the present case, do adjudge you, the aforesaid Charles Williamson, Archibald Mac-Ivor, and Robert Budge, sion. It had been rather local than general, showing itself in
than one occasion, but not accompanied by any great convulto be shot to death!"
the form of heresies with their attendant persecutions, rather The poor prisoners remained on their knces while a Highland officer than in any universal outbreak. translated the foregoing into Gaelic. They were all pale and composed stances of the Christian Church were such, that union amongst
In early days the circumbut the last, who was suffering from severe wounds received at Leith; his countenance was emaciated and ghastly, and he was sinking from its members was indispensable to its existence, surrounded as excessive debility. Their eyes were bound up; the officer retired; tho it was on all sides with implacable foes, and overlooked from its propost-marshal approached, and ordered his party to load. They midst by an irresistible pagan master, who looked conwere in the act of taking aim at the prisoners, who were praying temptuously on its practices, and derided its principles as inteatly in Gaelic, when Sir Adolphus Oughton stepped forward, and, unmanly. When, the course of time, the Christian Gospel displaying three pardons, commanded them to
arms." made its splendid but bloodless victories, and the master who, * Soldiers," said he, "in consequence of the distinguished valour erewhile oppressed, became its champion and supporter, while of the Royal Highlanders, to which two of these unfortunate men belong. His Majesty has been graciously pleased to forgive them
all the nations of Europe heard its message gladly, the Church all. Prisoners ! rise, resume your arms, and re-join your companies."
was too much occupied in consolidating its power, the people An officer repeated these words in Gaelic. The scene and the whole were too ignorant in the newness of their conversion, for any proceedings were so solemn and affecting that the prisoners were
serious disturbances to take place. Occasionally, indeed, as incapable of speech. Raising their bonnets, they endeavoured to ex. time grew older, and corruptions which had crept in began to
"recover
be seen and spoken about, there was agitation and trouble, as Bohemia, when the emperor died (1619), and to the distress when John Huss raised his voice in Bohemia against spiritual of the whole Protestant party, Ferdinand was chosen to succeed wrongdoing, and having brought down the wrath of ignorant him. The Bohemians elected Count Frederick, Elector Palatine rulers upon him, perished a witness for truth ; as when John of the Rhine, to be their king, as he was also head of the Wycliffe, in our own country, undertook to withstand the tra- " Evangelical Union," and in an evil hour for him he accepted ditions of tho elders, where those conflicted with the revela- the dignity. The Thirty Years' War now began in earnest. tions writton for man's instruction in God's Bible; as when Frederick's dominions were quickly invaded by a host of Savonarola, in 1197, preached to the people of Florence, and Imperialists, whom he was quite unable to withstand; and, unwas, for their sins or his own, put to death in the market-place. assisted by those from whom he had every natural right to
But it was not till the year 1517, when Martin Luther trod expect help, the unfortunate elector had to put up not only with under foot and burnod the Pope's Ball of Indulgences at Wit- the loss of Bohemia, but of the Rhenish palatinate also, a protenberg, that Christendom saw the fulfilment, on a large scale, vince which was his by hereditary descent. of the words which the Redeemer had addressed to his Shocked, but not stunned, by this blow, the Protestants of apostles. In tho flame that burned the Papal Bull to ashes Germany saw that they must at once make a stand, or be for was kindled the scorching fire of a so-called religious war, which over kept under the yoke. A new union was formed, and King rged furiously for the space of thirty years, involved nearly Christian of Denmark was placed at the head of it. Under evory European nation in its toils, and at its finish left Europe him were the Dukes of Mecklenburg, Count Mansfeldt, an able purified, though exhausted; purged from many sins and many commander though an adventurer, the Marquis of Brandenburg, follies which perhaps actually required so great a remedy for and some of the losser princes on the western side of the their removal.
empire. War burst forth instantly. The Danish king was all The Thirty Ycars' War was in effect the war between Roman unready to embark in such a war, and those who relied upon Catholicism and Protestantism, between the old ordor which him for leadership and for material help as well, were unable Eis changing, and the new which forced change upon it. It to bring much to the advancement of the cause, except them. sprang from a number of causes, but the immediate outburst selves, their swords, and enormous appetites. On the Imperial was on this wise.
side were wealth, the best soldiers in Europe, leaders of Since the Reformation till the year 1612, the German Pro-consummate ability, and with a belief in the righteousness testants hal enjoyed the free exercise of their religion. Their of their cause, which was worth half an army to them. numbers and tho importance of their leaders, including as they Counts Tilly and Wallenstein—the latter was in the course did some of the more powerful among tho lesser princes, had of this campaign made Duke of Friedland-commanded for won this for them, and they lived peaceably enough with their the emperor, and against their skill and the discipline of the Roman Catholic countrymen. The rights of the Protestants troops all Mansfeldt's bravery was in vain. The Protestant were under tho protection of the emperor, as head of the empire. provinces were overrun, fire and sword laid waste the whole All went smoothly enough, in spito of the efforts of the men of of that part of the empire, King Christian was beaten again the older Church, till the advent of Rudolph II. to the throne. and again, and finally made peace with the emperor on condiHo neglected many of his duties for pleasures harmless enough tion of renouncing for ever all right to interfere in the affairs of m themselves, such as clock-making, chemistry, and mechanics, Germany, and of leaving his allies in the war to their fate. The but not only useless but pernicious in a king. Whatever Dukes of Mecklenburg were dispossessed, Wallenstein obtained statesmanship he had in him lod him to join the princes of tho a grant of the duchies for himself, and the Protestant cause in empire in a leaguo against the Turks, who were at that time 1629 looked blank indeed. Hureatening seriously the western nations of Europe. The Help came from a very unexpected quarter. Louis XIII. of Josuits, who abounded at his court, managed to work the France came to the throne a minor, and Cardinal Richelieu was eraperor's organisation to their own ends, and the Protestants appointed to govern in his name. The cardinal had two grand getting wind of this, banded themselves together into what they ideas of State policy: one was to humble the nobility of France called The Evangelical Union," at the head of which they to a minimum of power, so that the king might be all in all in placed the Elector Palatine of the Rhine, son-in-law to James I. his kingdom ; the other was not to allow any foreign State to of England. When Rudolph died, in 1612, the clection fell, to become so powerful as to make it impossible or even dangerous the great horror of the Protestants, upon Matthias, the ap- for France to cope with it. With his home policy, which he proved pupil and close ally of the Jesuits and extremists in carried out bloodily and mercilessly, we have not now any conthe Roman Church.
cern, but his foreign policy led him to see, in what was going Matthias wilfully failed to protect his Protestant subjects in on in Germany, the certainty of Austria bocoming, if not the enjoyment of their simplo right to worship God according to checkod, an overmatch for any other European nation whatthe dictates of their own consciences; the Romanists understood ever. The cardinal disliked heretics, not so much as such, but that a nod was as good as a wink from an emperor whose eyes because they were necessarily troublesome people to the Govern. were intentionally fast shut, and the result was that the ment. In France, he crushed the Huguenots with a relentless Protestants of Germany were evil intreated in many places. hand, but he did not object to Huguenots in other people's doChurches in which the Protestants worshipped were pulled down, minions, especially if, as in the present case, they helped on his and a large amount of social persecution went on, though, as policy. If he hated Protestants at all, he hated the Imperial yet, the law professed to protect equally all who were under it. power still more, and he did not scruplo to employ and to support Then the League arose, a combination of Roman Catholic princes the former when they promised to come in conflict with the throughout Europe, not in Germany only, of which the avowed latter. object was to root out the hated Protestant faith wherever it A decree of the Emperor Ferdinand published in 1630, and might be. The League had the special blessing of the Pope, requiring the Protestants to give up all church property of any and included among its members many of the most powerful kind in their use or possession, was entrusted to Wallenstein to persons in Christendom, lay princes as well as ecclesiastical dig- carry out, and that despot did his work so cruelly and shamenitaries; it was rich in wealth and influence, and in bitter fully, that even the Roman Catholics cried out. The deadly rage hatred for all who were opposed to it.
of the Protestants was once more excited, and, fed by the agents When the Bohemian nobles complained to the Imperial Coun- of Richelieu, looked for the "still strong man with "heart, cil at Prague that their churches had been pulled down, and head, hand," who should concentrate their anger, and then distheir ritos and those who administered them had been in charge it like a shell upon the Imperialists. sulted, their complaints were received with so much contempt Such a man was Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden, the and so little consideration, that the heady Bohemians treated most important, both for position and resources, among all the the matter as a personal affront to themselves, hot words fol. Protestant princes of Europe. When asked to take the place lowed, and some of the contemptuous councillors got thrown to which Christian of Denmark had shown himself unequal, and out of window for their pains. To make the situation more from which many a bold man might have shrunk, he hesitated; difficult, Matthias procured that his cousin Ferdinand, a bigot but having accepted the post, he knew no shirking or shrinking of bigots on the Roman side, should be King of Bohemia, from the work. He devoted himself and all his resources to and his acts and government speedily drove his subjects into the undertaking, and having captured the important island of royolt. Anarchy was prevailing, civil war was going on in Rugen, landed in Pomerania, June 24th, 1630.
Jealousy kept asunder those who should have hurried to meet | III., weary of continuous defeat, exhausted as to his resources, him. The Saxon princes even refused him permission to march and unable to cope with the powers against him, sued for peace, his army throu;h their territories--a foolish, even criminal act, and the Peace of Westphalia, whick securod civil and religious which caused the strong city of Magdeburg to fall into the liberty to the Protestant subjects of the empire, was signed hands of Count Tilly, who knew not the meaning of the word at Munster, and brought the long succession of years of war mercy, but caused 30,000 of the inhabitants to perish mise. to a close. rably, and the entire city, excepting the cathedral, to be cazed to the ground. This awful cruelty of the Imperialists
LESSONS IN DRAWING.-XXIII. taught German Protestants what they had to expect, and the immediate result was to bind the wavering Protestant princes The second use of the oval is when the axis is horizontal ; and in a firm bond with Gustavus. The rulers of Pomerania, Bran- here we cannot do better than quote the observations of Prodenburg (now the kingdom of Prussia), Hesse, and after some fessor Camper, who, after saying he had attentively examined delay, Saxony, united to support the King of Sweden, who the structure of the skulls of both adults and infants, proceeds brought men and ability to fight their battles. At Wittenberg thus :-" An idea suggested itself that in drawing the head, they joined their armies with his, and at Leipsic, on the 7th of the best method would be to imitate the process of nature: first September, 1631, battle was joined with the Imperial army under to form the cranium or skull, then mark the facial line in the Count Tilly, who was defeated with tremendous loss. The direction required, and afterwards arrange the other parts ac. ghosts of Magdeburg sat heavily on his sword, and diverted his cording to given proportions." talents from their usual successful channel. Never since the * The skull is a horizontal oval, of which the hindermost parts dreadful day when he looked on unmoved at Croats burning are the largest, and the fore part like the section of a globe. I the houses of non-combatants at Magdeburg, and taking little first draw this oval by means of two circles; the one is L VE W babies up on the points of their lances to toast them in the fire- (Fig. 140), which contains about three parts of the head ; the never since Magdeburg women were with his leave and license other, K U Z, which is in size eight-ninths of the other circle. shamefully abused and then barbarously murdered, did the Draw the horizontal line s t, which extends from the centre of soul of this man find peace. His valour and his counsel were the large circle s, to t, the centre of the smaller, and is onealike set at nought, and at length, in the early part of 1632, fourth of the larger circle. From the centre s, I let fall the perwhen trying to stop the progress of the victorious Swedes into pendicular line sq; this marks the seat of the orifice of the ear, Bavaria, he was killed by a cannon-shot, from which all the and its lobe E." Upon examining the drawing the Professor relics be carried about with him, all the saints to whom he paid gives (Fig. 140) to illustrate his remarks, we find a discrepancy his hoinago, conld not save him. The Protestant allies occupied which we think it right to notice. The diameter of the smaller the whole country between tho Elbe and the Rhine, and after circle is eight-ninths of the diameter of the larger circle; also the Tilly's death, overran Bavaria.
distance between the two centres T and 8 is one-fourth of the Wallenstein, whose boundless ambition, enormous wealth, and diameter of the larger circle ; as it is written, the areas of the intolerable insolence had fixed a great gulf between him and circles might be supposed to be intended. The Professor conthe emperor, was the only man who could save the empire. Antinues—" I draw PG, the facial line, in the degree of the inclinaappeal was made to him, and he took command of the Imperial tion required; K marks the place of the forehead; F, the line of armies, unshackled by a single condition. At Nuremberg, the eye; 1, the nose ; y, and a third of 1 B or I G, the mouth; where he was entrenched, he had the satisfaction of beating off through the centre of L QI draw the horizontal line F; I also make the army of Gustavus, who, burning under the desire to wipe off GN equal to the nose, and from a commence the line of the throat." the disgrace of even partial defeat, attacked him at Lutzen, on This idea of Professor Camper is worth considering ; it may be the 16th November, 1632. The battle was one of the most useful, as the principle it involves is in accordance with that of bloody on record. For nine hours it was fought with obstinate nature, and after a little practice of drawing the oval by hand, the fary on both sides, Gustavus Adolphus fell mortally wounded features and other parts may very easily be put together. But in the middle of it, and the Swedes fought for revenge as well we must observe that this method is applicable only to profiles; as for victory. Prince Bernhard of Saxe Weimar took the where the first method so far fails in not giving the horizontal command after the king's death, and the result was that the projection of the hinder part, although in all other positions it Imperialists were totally routed, while the field was literally may be useful. Consequently, it is well to know both, so that one covered with their slain.
may be used in the one case, and the other in the remainder. Happily, there remained, in spite of the grievous loss sustained After all, the great advantage connected with these two methods in the death of Gustavus, good men and true among the Swedes, of employing the oval is the certainty of securing the general who resolved to carry out the policy of their beloved king. Chan- form of the head, the proportions of the parts, and the positions cellor Oxenstiern, Gustavus' friend and counsellor, was chosen of the features in connection with each other. Beyond these, to manage the war, and he gathered up in his strong hand the as regards the details, we cannot venture; the draughtsman reins which threatened to float loosely and disordered. H9 must not be controlled by them; he must make them subservient linked the German Protestants in a new union, gave Prince to his purpose according to the character of the head he is Bernhard, and Gustavus' trusted generals, Banier, Horn, and drawing. Tortensohn, the chief commands of the armies, and with The next portion of our subject will be the method of shading. Richelieu's help prosecuted the war vigorously. At the end of A very great deal is included in this. In the first place, the 1634 another event conspired to help him. The Emperor Fer- pupil must have acquired confidence in drawing an outline, as dinand, jealous of his mighty subject, the Duke of Friedland, he will soon find that the difficulties of shading do not exist so and suspicious of his intentions to snatch the crown for him. much in the manipulation—that is, in the manner of doing it-as self, procured his assassination, and the loss of Gustavus was in the application of the work. In the second place, nothing conmore than counterbalanced. But the King of Hungary, son to tributes more effectively in describing the form of an object the emperor, took Wallenstein's place, and at Nordlingen de than the proper treatment of the shades and the semitones; and feated the confederates with so severe a loss, that all but the especially with respect to the human figure, where on the French and Swedes and the Landgraf of Hesse were fain to surface, between the extreme boundary lines, is always found an make peace with the emperor. This was done by the Treaty amount of form which it would be impossible to represent faithof Prague, in 1635.
fully by outline only. For example, the form of the nose in a During the whole of Richelien's life the war went on, bring. side face is very easily given by the outline; but when the same ing out generals like the Great Condé, Turenne, and Torsten. face is turned to a front view, then we have to depend upon our solin, and winning, on the whole, fresh la els for the French capability of representing the form by light and shade. The and Swedish arms; and when Richelieu and his master died in same remarks are applicable to the treatment of the surfaces of 1643, it was found that Cardinal Mazarin, who governed for the the body and limbs; for as they are constantly subject to minor Louis XIV., was prepared to carry out their plan for change, in consequence of the variety of motion of which they hambling the House of Austria.
are capable, there will always be a considerable demand upon Under the conduct of Condé and Turenne, and the Swedish our anatomical knowledge, if we hope to deal faithfully with generals, the Thirty Years' War continued to ruin and deso- , the ever-varying surface as it approaches the eye, or recedes to late the face of Germany, till in 1648, the Emperor Ferdinand the boundary represented by line only. Therefore the know.


Develop an audit management process that is formally separate and entirely independent of the quality system to be audited.
Have practical quality system audit experience.
Identify the quality standards that will be used to perform the quality system audit.
Ensure that audit teams will be competent and capable of performing quality audits.
Select auditors and lead auditors. However, a separate auditor evaluation panel should approve the audit manager's selection.
Understand the standards that will be applied during the audit.
Are familiar with the auditee's products, services, and activities.
Have studied the regulations that govern the auditee's activities.
Have the technical qualifications needed to carry out an audit.
Have the professional qualifications needed to carry out an audit.
Manage and motivate the audit team.
Exploit the talent and expertise of team members.
Ensure that all auditors and lead auditors are knowledgeable and suitably trained.
Develop and enforce a code of ethics to govern the audit process.
Monitor and evaluate the performance of their audit team in order to improve their efficiency and effectiveness.
Ensure that all auditors make the same observations and draw the same conclusions when confronted with the same evidence. Audit managers should help guarantee consistency.
Plan and schedule audit activities.
Perform the audit reporting process.
Control the audit follow-up process.
Protect the confidentiality of audit information.
Ensure that auditors have the resources they need.
Your audit manager should support and encourage both auditors and other personnel to continuously improve the audit process.
Updated on November 29, 2014. First published on June 6, 1997.
Copyright © 1997 - 2014 by Praxiom Research Group Limited. All Rights Reserved.


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A New Mafia Game Is In Development
2K's Hangar 13 studio is working on a new Mafia game, but that's basically all we know thus far.
By Eddie Makuch on August 29, 2022 at 9:32AM PDT
2K Games has confirmed a new entry in its Mafia series is in development at Hangar 13, the team that made Mafia III and Mafia: Definitive Edition.
General manager Roman Hladík confirmed this in a blog post celebrating the Mafia franchise's 20th anniversary. "I'm happy to confirm we've started work on an all-new Mafia project! While it's a few years away and we can't share anything more right now, we're really excited to keep working on this beloved franchise and to entertain our players with new stories," the developer said.
Now Playing: Mafia: Definitive Edition Video Review
The Mafia series debuted in 2002, with a sequel arriving in 2010. Six years later, in 2016, Mafia III was released as the first title from 2K's new studio, Hangar 13. The studio had nothing else to share regarding its new Mafia title.
In the blog post, Hladík went on to say, speaking generally about game development, that the studio learns more with every new project. "We learn new stuff, because things keep developing, right? In the early days of Mafia, making games was... I wouldn't say easier, but it was a small team with simpler technology and so on. Games and technology keep developing, so it's all about constant learning," the developer said.
To celebrate the Mafia franchise's 20th anniversary, 2K is making the original Mafia free on Steam from September 1-5.
In honor of #Mafia20 let's go back to where it all started 🏙
Get the original Mafia (digital) for FREE on @Steam from Sept. 1 - 5 pic.twitter.com/ZdxSFZrLwh
— 2K (@2K) August 29, 2022
According to Kotaku, Hangar 13's was working on a game, codenamed Volt, that was canceled in 2021 after parent company Take-Two reportedly spent $50 million on it.
The same report said Hangar 13's UK team was making a Mafia prequel in Unreal Engine 5 and set in Italy, and this could be the new game confirmed today.
What's more, Hangar 13 is now reportedly making a new Top Spin tennis game under the codenamed Project Hammer. It's supposedly scheduled to release before the new Mafia prequel. 2011's Top Spin 4 is the latest entry in the series.
Hangar 13 studio head Haden Blackman resigned in May 2022. That same month, around 50 people in Hangar 13's California office were let go. Whether or not the studio is staffing back up with a new Mafia game in development remains to be seen, but the studio currently has 30 open positions.
The Best Open-World Games To Play Right Now


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SaskPower is the principal supplier of electricity in Saskatchewan and serves more than 530,000 customers. Its purpose is to provide safe, reliable and sustainable power to Saskatchewan people in a cost-effective manner. The company operates three coal-fired power stations, seven hydroelectric stations, five natural gas stations and two wind facilities with an aggregate generating capacity of more than 4,400 megawatts. It holds assets valued at approximately $11 billion.


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Toronto's leasing inquiry: Judgment day
Neil Sutton
Madame Justice Denise Bellamy delivered her final word Monday on the Toronto leasing inquiry, issuing a report containing 241 recommendations for the city's future conduct, including the hiring of integrity commissioner to oversee the procurement process.
Bellamy headed the public inquiry, which was convened in 2002 to determine any wrongdoing in a computer leasing arrangement the city reached with Mississauga, Ont.-based MFP Financial Services. An investigation determined that Toronto had paid almost twice its original budget of $43 million for the computers.
"In 214 days of hearings, I heard from 156 witnesses," said Bellamy during a speech Monday. "And I saw just about every kind of witness. Some were insightful. Some guessed. Some exaggerated. Some lied outright and some merely skated around the truth.
"I saw witnesses who had disgraced themselves, who had failed in their duty to the city, who had put self-interest first, or who had simply not done their jobs. Some had not displayed the leadership that one would have expected of them," she said.
Bellamy's report, which was issued immediately following her speech, lists a series of recommendations the city should adopt in order to prevent a repeat of the leasing scandal. The recommendations are itemized and contain phrases like "councilors and staff should not use their positions to further their private interests."
The report recommended that the city hire an integrity of ethics commissioner who would report to city council (not the Mayor) and serve a fixed term in office. This person would be available to city staff for advice and guidance, and would also have disciplinary powers over councillors.
According to the report, those powers could include "public reprimands, public apologies, expulsion from one or more committee meetings, removal from committee posts or committee chairpersons . . . or, at the high end of the spectrum, a fine or declaration of a vacancy in the councillor's seat."
The report also spelled out generally recommendations for doing business, like obeying all provincial and federal laws, fulfilling contractual obligations, clear explanations of the cost of any bids, and avoiding the appearance of any conflict of interests.
The City of Toronto did not return calls for comment on the report.The more transparency the better as far as government contracts are concerned, said Jane Peatch, executive director of the Canadian Council for Public-Private Partnerships. Typically, municipal government is more transparent than any other level of government, she said. "Virtually nothing can get through without so many eyes on every document."
However, she added, "somehow even what we used to call the fishbowl of municipal government has fallen apart. If there's an absence (of transparency), one would have to have things spelled out very clearly."
But sometimes a surfeit of bureaucracy can slow down business processes for government, said Howard Grant, president of Ottawa-based Partnering and Procurement Inc.
"You have to be careful not to build process on process that actually prevents you from achieving the business outcomes that you're looking for. It's a balance that you have to create," he said.
He agreed with Peatch that municipal business deals are already more transparent than those conducted at the federal or provincial level and that any centralization of procurement could lead to a bottleneck.
"You have to trust people," he said. "That's what it comes down to – 99.999 per cent of the people who work in the public sector are honest and doing their job."
Toronto Mayor David Miller issued his own statement Monday. "This scandal was a sad chapter in the history of the city," he said. "This is a story marked by arrogance, corruption, complacency, and incompetence. These things offend me to the core of my person, and go against everything I believe about public service. I believe in this inquiry as powerfully today as I did when I first fought for it."
Miller, a city councilman when the MFP leasing deal was arranged, was one of the more outspoken critics of the scandal when it was revealed.
Earlier this year, the City of Toronto organized a vendor day to entertain bids for a possible 311 contract. Organized by industry association ITAC Ontario, vendors were invited to attend a meeting to discuss bids for the new municipal phone service and meet with representatives from other cities that had already established a 311 service.
Toronto currently has a contract in place with Richmond Hill, Ont.-based Compugen Inc. for desktop and notebook computers.
Oracle buys Siebel in US$5.85-billion deal
The many peaks and valleys of the MFP/copier market


We attended our first Sydney Vegan Market and it was pretty awesome to see a community of Vegans and Businesses coming together. This was the first time the Sydney Vegan Market was held the new location 142 Addison Road, Marrickville. Apparently, it was a bigger area and had more shade compared to the previous location. The event is held every first Saturday of the month.
Our first stop was taste testing the Tofu Feta it tasted pretty good but we didn't realise it had onion or garlic.
We moved along and saw a stall selling shirts which was pretty Vegancool. It has the message Fook Speciesism.
Overall it was a great Vegan market with a variety of food and a great atmosphere. We will hopefully go again soon so we can try out more food.


This throw could well be the softest throw your ever know. Silky soft, and feels like resting in a bed of feathers and flower petals. Perfect for reading by the fire or an afternoon nap, it's an essential complement to any cozy living room and family den. All our throws are machine washable and responsibly made in the USA from imported polyester materials.


text:
Sun Dec 01, 2019 1:21
Top Commander: Enemies Plotting to Take Advantage of Economic Woes
TEHRAN (FNA)- Chief of Staff of the Iranian Armed Forces Major General Mohammad Baqeri said that the recent case of foreign-backed riots in Iran shows that the enemies of Tehran are preparing to take advantage of economic grievances to undermine the country's stability.
"The enemies ... had been waiting for an opportunity like the implementation of the fuel price reform plan to benefit from the wave of public dissatisfaction and to act against the security of the country," said Major General Baqeri on Saturday.
Baqeri said it was "an undeniable reality" that economic woes had created problems for the livelihood of the people in Iran.
However, he insisted that it was uncommon and unusual for a series of peaceful protests against fuel price hike to escalate so quickly into riots that caused deaths and inflicted damage on public and private properties.
"The incidents of the recent days ... were a plot that had been devised and orchestrated against the country," said Baqeri, adding that the economic hardships in Iran have created an opportunity for the enemies to try to undermine the country's stability and security.
The comments by the top military commander are the latest to come from Iranian authorities who believe certain foreign governments helped escalate fuel-related protests in Iran two weeks ago.
Intelligence officials said on Saturday that several people had been arrested on suspicion of collaborating with a UK-based TV station during the recent riots.
The Intelligence Ministry issued a statement saying that those detained included people who communicated with Iran International, a satellite TV believed to be sponsored by the Saudi Arabian government, as well as those who had "implemented the orders" instructed by the TV channel during the recent riots.
The arrests came three days after the Iranian judiciary said it had imposed legal restrictions, including asset freezes, for notable figures working for Iran International after it became clear that those people had played a role in fueling the recent unrest in Iran.
On Wednesday, the Iranian intelligence ministry announced that its counter intelligence directorate has arrested 8 individuals with links to the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) during the recent riots after the protest rallies against the increase in gasoline price.
"These elements that had received CIA-funded training in various countries to gather information under the guise of citizen-journalists had been monitored for quite a long time," the director general of the counter-intelligence directorate of the Iranian Intelligence Ministry said.
He added that they had received orders to attend the riots and to prepare exact reports, especially videos.
"Six of them were arrested while attending the riots and carrying out orders of (US) intelligence services and two others were identified and apprehended while trying to ... send information abroad before they could leave the country," the official said.
According to the official, the ministry was monitoring other members of the network across the country and would deal seriously with them if they think of carrying out any act against the national security of the country.
Iranian Government Spokesman Ali Rabiyee had also on Wednesday blasted the US for involvement in the recent riots in the country.
"It is fully clear that the current US government is responsible for some of these incidents. They officially announced that they will pursue the policy of pain in Iran. Today they officially declare that they are attaining their goal," Rabiyee told reporters after a cabinet meeting in Tehran.
He said the US measures are in violation of all international agreements and treaties, and added, "Regime change has long been a US tradition in Iran's history since different coups in the past. Certainly, the foreign ministry will pursue the issue with the international bodies. These remarks will be recorded."
In relevant remarks on Monday, Head of the Islamic Revolution Guard Corps Public Relations Department Brigadier General Ramezan Sharif revealed that Washington and Tel Aviv played a role in masterminding the recent riots in Iran by abusing people's peaceful protest rallies.
"Israel and the US were behind these incidents," General Sharif said, addressing a forum in the Southern province of Kerman.
He added that enemies thought that they had found a ground to ride on the popular protest rallies after the hike in gasoline prices which pressured people.
"We witnessed ISIL-like behavior during these riots by those who showed highly violent and organized behavior, and use of females to provoke clashes was a new experience in these incidents," General Sharif said.
He said after enemy failed to confront Iran in the military field, it has now resorted to abusing people's peaceful protest rallies and using the remnants of Mojahedin-e Khalq Organization (MKO, also known as the MEK, PMOI and NCRI) terrorist group to attain its goals.
On November 15, the government raised Iran's extremely cheap gas price in order to moderate the national consumption rate, which stands at 110 million liters per day, 40 million liters above the maximum domestic requirement.
The government also announced a number of aid and subsidiary programs to protect vulnerable households from the adverse effects of the measure.
The price reform, required by Iranian legislature and essential as US-imposed sanctions seek to deplete Iran's budgetary resources, had been long delayed due to concerns regarding the move's probable backlash.
The measure's adoption prompted initially peaceful protests, but riotous elements, abusing the situation, quickly entered the scene, destroying public property, setting ablaze banks and gas stations among other facilities, and opening fire on people and security forces.
Last Friday, IRGC Lieutenant Commander Brigadier General Ali Fadavi said that the US was disappointed that its perpetrated violent riots in Iran did not last more than 48 hours, adding that reports from all four corners of the country indicate that peace and calm has been restored much to Washington's chagrin.
"Based on information we have received, the Americans have gone mad that the riots were over within 48 hours and are disappointed that there is no more disorder in Iran," Fadavi added.
However, Fadavi said that in numerous calls with other IRGC officials in the country no further riot attempts had been reported.
"Attacking homes, shops, hospitals, banks and gas stations is a malicious act which is not an act of protest nor rioting, but an act of thievery," Fadavi said.
"This is the difference between protest and disorder," he said.
The IRGC deputy commander added that peaceful protests were "natural" given the recent price hike and that the government has to adopt additional measures to reduce pressure on the general population.
Fadavi added, however, "The fact that the malicious actors of the world are targeting Iran in issues that are by no means related to them is a matter to note."
Deputy Head of Iran's Basij volunteer forces Brigadier General Salar Abnoosh said last Friday "a full-fledged war" had been meant to be waged against the country, only to be quelled early on.
Abnoosh added that interrogations of arrested rioters had revealed that a "coalition of evil" made up of "Zionists, America and Saudi Arabia" had joined forces to organize destructive riots from abroad.
Addressing worshipers during weekly Friday prayers in Tehran, senior Iranian cleric Ayatollah Ahmad Khatami said certain foreign countries had spent "three years" preparing for an opportunity to wreak havoc in Iran, training specific elements to that end.
"But their schemes were neutralized," he said, adding that the riots ceased to continue despite the fact that countries such as Saudi Arabia had spent many resources and had provided much media coverage in order to instigate disorder.
Following the Friday prayers, numerous rallies were also held across Iran to condemn the recent riots.
The protesters condemned the US, Israel and seditionist elements for fueling the unrest and chanted slogans in support of the Islamic establishment.
Addressing recent riots during a speech, Iran's Judiciary Chief Ebrahim Rayeesi said those "who have abused the concerns and troubles of the people in order to create disorder and insecurity" will face severe consequences.
"The Islamic Republic of Iran is known as the safest country in the region due to the sacrifices of our martyrs and our wounded," he said.
"We will never allow the smallest breach in the security of our people," he added.
Riots by a small number who had taken advantage of legitimate public protests against the government's gas price hike plan in Iran were directed at sowing chaos through targeted attacks on public and private properties, forcing law enforcement to step in to stop saboteurs.
Early estimates of an intelligence body showed that a sum of nearly 87,000 protesters and rioters had taken part in protest rallies and gatherings since Friday night, mostly (over 93%) men. A large number of protesters had only been present in the gathering centers and avoided joining the rioters in sabotage attacks on public and private properties.
"The identical methods of the main core of violent rioters discloses that they are fully trained individuals who have been prepared and looking forward for the situation to rise, unlike most people who have been taken off guard by the sudden hike in gas price," the report said.
The report showed that gatherings have been comprised of 50 to 1,500 people held in 100 regions of the country out of a number of 1,080 major towns and cities. The report says violent raids and damage inflicted on properties has been larger than what happened in February 2018 unrests.
Most cases of damage to properties had happened in Khuzestan, Tehran, Fars and Kerman provinces. The report says most casualties have resulted from armed outlaws' attacks on oil storage and military centers, adding that a number of police and popular forces have been martyred in these attacks.
Nearly 1,000 people were arrested across the country while over 100 banks and 57 big stores were set on fire or plundered in just one province.
The Iranian intelligence ministry announced in a statement on November 17 that it had identified several rioters who misused the recent protest rallies against the gasoline price hikes to destroy public and private properties.
"The main culprits behind the riots in the past two days have been identified and proper measures are being adopted and the honorable nation will be informed about its result later," the statement said.
Hundreds of thousands of people in the capital city of Tehran poured to the streets on Monday to show allegiance to Supreme Leader and the Islamic Republic and support for the country's security and might.
The rallies started at 14:30 local time (1100 GMT) with demonstrators moving towards Enqelab (Revolution) Square in Central Tehran.
The demonstrators shouted 'death to the US', 'death to Israel', 'death to Britain', 'death to the plotters' and 'death to the rioters' slogans.
They also carried the Iranian flags and placards with Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei's images and remarks.
The ralliers also voiced their opposition to the hike in gasoline prices and other goods in Iran, but meantime, voiced hatred for the rioters who misused the recent protests to set ablaze the public and private properties and loot the big stores.
In similar rallies on Sunday, tens of thousands of people in Northern, Western and Southern Iran demonstrated to show allegiance to the Islamic Republic and Supreme Leader after the recent riots.
Demonstrators in the towns of Pardis and Baharesten in Tehran province, Nour, Savadkouh, Behshahr, Neka, Qa'em Shahr and Sari in Mazandaran province, Ahrom in Bushehr, Imam Khomeini port city in Khuzestan province and Sahneh, Sarpol Zahab, Gilan Qarb, Qasr-e Shirin, Kermanshah and Javanroud in Kermanshah province held massive rallies to condemn the rioters who misused the popular protests to destroy and set fire at public properties last week.
They shouted slogans, including 'death to the US' and 'death to Israel' to deplore their officials' interfering remarks against Iran as well as 'death to the rioters' and 'death to plotters' to condemn their acts of sabotage during the recent unrests.
The protestors also carried placards which called on the government to show more attention to people's welfare and living conditions and urged the judiciary to sue and seriously punish those who distorted security and tranquility of people in the recent riots.
Similar demonstrations have been underway throughout the country in the past few days.


text:
Oilmen, Hounds to Play Makeup Game on Monday
MONDAY'S GAME:
DuPage County Hounds (18-7)
July 2, 2018 • 7:10 p.m. • Whiting, Ind.
NWI RHP Connor Spear (UW Whitewater / Highland, Ind.) vs. DuPage County RHP Brett Taucher (SIU Edwardsville / Elk Grove, Ill.)
A busy stretch of baseball keeps going for the Northwest Indiana Oilmen, who will continue a stretch of nine games in seven days without a day off. Monday's game is a makeup from a rainout on June 22, the first of four makeup games over the next eight days and six over the next two weeks. However, staying active may not be a bad thing for an Oilmen team that has won four straight games and holds a 12-2 record after starting 4-8. Monday is a big game in the standings as the Oilmen are one game behind Southland for second place and 2 ½ in back of the first-place Hounds. Pitching reigned supreme in Sunday's doubleheader sweep of Joliet, as the Oilmen held the Generals to two runs in each game, and all four tallies on the day were unearned. Christian Howell delivered Northwest Indiana's most dominant start of the season, racking up 11 strikeouts (one shy of Max Franklin's single-game Oilmen record) in six scoreless innings while yielding just three hits and no walks. Howell has been the winning pitcher in all four of his starts this season. The Oilmen struck out 24 Joliet batters over the two seven-inning contests.
NWI will turn to right-hander Connor Spear for Monday's game against DuPage County. Spear has logged 16 innings and owns a 3.94 ERA over six games this season. He has yet to pitch against the Hounds. This will mark his second start of the year and first since June 3, when he allowed six earned runs on four hits and four walks while striking out eight in 5 2/3 innings at Bloomington. Spear has issued 13 walks and struck out 13 this summer. Jackson Dvorak has entered a tie for the league lead in doubles with seven. He's joined by a pair of Hounds – Dane Toppel and David Guiliano. Chris Baker is the league leader in walks with 21, while Nate Montgomery still owns a one-bomb edge on Joliet's Jeremiah Lebron for the league lead in long balls.
Inside the Hounds
DuPage County leads the league in team batting average at .302, while the Oilmen are second at .278. The Hounds boast the league's leading hitter in David Guiliano, who has his average up to .451 with a .521 OBP and 22 RBIs. Guiliano has strung together seven straight multi-hit games. Dane Toppel leads the league with 26 RBIs, while NWI's Nate Montgomery is second with 23. The MCL's Top 5 in RBIs will participate in Monday's game, with four of them coming from DuPage County. The Hounds will send out Brett Taucher, who is 3-1 with a 5.59 ERA in five games, four starts. He has walked 18 and struck out 25 in 19 1/3 innings.
These two teams will see a lot of each other down the stretch, as they've played just three times thus far. This is the first of four makeup games between the Oilmen and Hounds in the month of July. All three meetings have taken place at Oil City Stadium, with DuPage County winning two of the first three. Most recently, the Hounds handed the Oilmen a 5-2 defeat last Thursday with DuPage's Danny Gleaves and NWI's Jake Plastiak notching three hits apiece. That victory allowed the Hounds to cause a 29-29 stalemate in an all-time series that dates back to 2012.
Click here to view full PDF Oilmen game notes.


The financial services market is undergoing a revolution, as developments are set to come in which will radically change how consumers access their financial information.
The Open Banking initiative, which will come into effect in January, will allow customers to securely share their data and transaction history with third parties instantly – making it easier for such parties to find the most suitable products for them.
It is being billed as the movement that will put the consumer in the position of power. Customers will take back control, they say.
Surprisingly however, a study by Which? has revealed 92% of consumers actually have no idea what Open Banking is and 52% claimed they would be unlikely to share their information even if they could. Not quite the power tool it was hoped to be, then.
Indeed, I believe Open Banking will actually be more of an adviser tool and should be viewed as such. Just like robo-advice – a word that strikes fear into the hearts of many brokers at present – these technical advancements will help brokers to deliver a better service to their clients.
The market is moving forward – technology is a key part of everyday life and our industry must embrace it or risk being left behind.
I believe robo-banking and automated advice will become more widespread and we may see some consolidation, which is only natural in any changing industry.
But it won't be the end for the traditional mortgage brokers.
What we will see, I'm sure, is a two-tier system.
Lenders will offer a core range of products for the most straightforward of clients, clients who could be perfectly attended to via an automated advice process.
But we all know these clients are not in the majority and the concierge service offered by brokers will still be very much in demand from those with more complex borrowing needs.
Lenders will likely design a second tier of products for the more complex client and we may well see a dual pricing scenario.
Such a movement could see more opportunities for smaller lenders who are able to provide more bespoke products. Product design will come into its own.
These are exciting times, don't fear them.


text:
package org.xbib.elasticsearch.gatherer.support;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Value listener interface for receiving a stream of key/value attributes,
 * like a number of rows of columns.
 */
public interface ValueListener {

    /**
     * Set the key names for the values
     *
     * @param keys the keys
     * @return this ValueListener
     */
    ValueListener keys(List<String> keys);

    /**
     * Receive values for the keys
     *
     * @param values the values
     * @return this ValueListener
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     */
    ValueListener values(List<? extends Object> values) throws IOException;

    /**
     * Reset the key/value configuration
     *
     * @return this value listener
     * @throws java.io.IOException
     */
    ValueListener reset() throws IOException;

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Chicago Minister Charged in Fatal Shooting of Retired Pastor at Senior Housing Complex
By Heather Clark on September 15, 2016 16 Comments
CHICAGO — A Chicago minister has been charged in the fatal shooting of an elderly retired pastor at a senior housing complex.
According to reports, both men—Ted Merchant, 67, and Allen Smith, 80—lived at Senior Suites of Rainbow Beach and would discuss the Bible on a regular basis.
Smith had served as the pastor at First Baptist Church in East Chicago and Merchant led a ministry called Straight Gate and held services at the senior home.
Resident Dorothy Hull told the Chicago Tribune that the two would often sit on the patio and discuss theology.
"They'd be out there all the time," she said. "They'd talk about Bible passages and ideas about God. They always had little arguments going on about things like that."
Hull said that Smith was a kind and generous man.
"He was a very nice person, very outgoing, very friendly,'' she stated. "He would do things for you, like go to the store or whatever."
Resident Ann Harding told the outlet that Merchant seemed to be cordial as well.
"I just know he usually has a few people downstairs for prayers and whatever. He does it for the building," she said. "He goes around to different apartments to try and get people for a congregation. He was a nice man, you know, when he came to the door."
While details are not available as to exactly what occurred, it is believed that Merchant pulled a gun on Smith on Sep. 5 during a late night talk on the patio, and shot him dead. Smith's body was not found until the following morning and surveillance video marked Merchant as the killer.
Merchant is now behind bars on a charge of first-degree murder. Bond has been set at $500,000.
A memorial service was held for Allen at Christian Tabernacle Baptist Church in Hamden, Connecticut as he is attributed to founding the congregation.
"Very sad for a man of God to be taken away from us in this manner," Wilfred Sealy wrote on the church Facebook page. "We have to continue to pray day by day."
"Praying for all who knew him and those of us that he helped to build our faith and beliefs," also commented Tracie Justus. "Just so sad."
Chicago Minister Charged in Fatal Shooting of Retired Pastor at Senior Housing Complex added by Heather Clark on September 15, 2016


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Match Report => Great effort by all this week as there were no reserves and the conditions were tough. Joshua "Smiley" Everingham, Ethan Stein, Thomas Lane and Braeden Bennet were great in defence, while Jeremy Pollard and Jonothan Bailey did well up front. Player of the match went to Jonothan Bailey who worked tirelessly in attack.


text:
Station Sotteville is een spoorwegstation in de Franse gemeente Sotteville-lès-Rouen.

In 1843 werd de spoorweg aangelegd (de lijn Rouen-Parijs) en op 3 mei 1843 werd het station geopend.

Het rangeerstation en de werkplaatsen van de spoorwegen in Sotteville waren een belangrijk doelwit voor bombardementen tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog. Het ergste bombardement vond plaats in de nacht van 18 op 19 april 1944.

Sotteville
Sotteville-lès-Rouen

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Handleset, a decorative exterior door entryset, operated with a key from the outside and thumbturn button from the inside.
A complete knob set consisting of both the interior and exterior pieces, operated by grasping the solid shaped knob and moving in a twisting motion.
A complete leverset consisting of both the interior and exterior pieces, operated by grasping the extended handle piece, and pushing in a downward motion.
Added security from a lock whose latchbolt is engaged by a key on both sides (double cylinder) or a thumbturn button on the inside (single cylinder).
Hinge Stops, Spring Stops, Friction Catches, Decorative Kickplates.


text:
Q: Dynamically generating mappings between POJOs and REST API I have a POJO class and I need to call a RESTful web  service using some properties from the POJO as parameters to the service. The caveat is that I won't know the endpoint and its parameters 'till runtime. Basically, the user will configure at runtime the endpoint, input/output schemas and mappings from/to those schemas to the POJO class. Then I have to call the API with the appropriate values.

A: This is going to be a really broad answer.
It sounds like a question that would benefit as 'code as data'.
What I mean by this, is that the amount of possibilities that you have to be able to deal with at runtime, is close to the complexities of using a programming language itself.
When this happens, there's generally a few choices that people either choose by accident, or consciously choose depending on who the user is.

*

*Limit the scope of the problem, and make your configuration that complex it may as well be a programming language itself.

*Embed a scripting language, or create some runtime loading of plugins in the native language.

*Use an off the shelf library / solution.

I'd recommend 2 or 3 over 1 if your user is yourself or the configuration can be provided by another programmer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


PC Clinic in Ashby de la Zouch, your local Computer Repair and Sales Centre – one stop shop for all your computing needs! We cater for consumers and businesses across Swadlincote, Packington, Ibstock, Measham, Coalville, Burton Upon Trent and surrounding villages.
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Leave your computer with our trained certified technicians, in our secure and insured environment. We pride ourselves on being great with our customers. Fun and approachable, whilst at the same time maintaining professionalism and integrity. That's why our existing customers love us…. Literally!


There are a few more characters left to meet from Sentinel Tactics: Battle for Broken City!
Grace Charles was only five years old, but she knew that she had to take care of her younger brother, Owen, who had just had his first birthday. Their home in Rook City was literally falling apart around them, and Grace was afraid. She had woken up in the middle of the night in phenominal pain - something terrible was trying to get out of her, and when she opened her mouth to scream, the sound of her voice was drowned out by the sound of destruction as waves of energy tore through the house around her.
She didn't understand what had happened or what was happening, but she knew that Owen might be in trouble. Fighting the pain, she made her way out of her room and down the hall to Owen's room. He was awake, but calm, and when she gathered him up, she felt his calm quell the pain inside her. Grace struggled to carry the toddler, but putting him down just meant more pain, so carry Owen she did. She managed to get herself and her brother out of their house, just before it collapsed.
Now, Owen does more looking out for Grace than vice versa. His sister constantly emits dangerous levels of radiation that do not affect him, but if she loses control, the ensuing explosion of energy is catastrophic. The only thing that has protected Grace from herself - and the world from Grace - is Owen's innate ability to calm Grace, abating her powers.
Having nowhere else to go, Grace and Owen have lived in Rook City for their entire lives, though it has been ruins for the majority of that time. They subsisted by moving from safe house to safe house, staying with other refugees that are kind enough to take them in. It was a tenuous existance, as if Grace lost control or anything threatened Owen, they quickly had to find a new home in the wake of the resulting destruction. However, recently, they found a group of people who turned a blind eye to their unusual abilities and welcomed them into their community. Lately, they have been working together to protect the others in their safe house. Grace has been practicing focusing her powers while Owen helps keep her within a safe threshold. They are still learning how to fight, but Grace and Own wryly refer to themselves as Catastrophe and Verge.
Broken City may not be a safe place to live, but they're going to make the best of what they have. As long as they have each other, they'll be OK.
Not-so-deep beneath the ruins of Rook City lurks a creature who has weathered the changes to the surface world. Plague Rat had finally gotten back to his nest just before the fall of Rook City. The sewers were flooded with chemicals from the destroyed Pike Industrial Complex, as well as other bizarre mixtures of unknown origin. These new chemicals interfered even more with Plague Rat's already corrupted system.
As an even more frenzied creature, Plague Rat is rarely willing to leave the broken sewers. When he does, it's to find anything vaguely edible and drag it back down to his nest. The monstrous Plague Rat is even a greater threat than ever before!
Catastrophe & Verge and Plague Rat will be playable characters in Sentinel Tactics: Battle for Broken City, which will also provide environment tiles for both the ruins of Rook City and the Rook City sewers!
There are even more updates planned for today! Stay tuned!
wait so since catastrophe and verge are both needed to balance out each others powers does this mean they will essientially be equal to one playable character in the game or 2 seperate ones?
They will play as one.
Love the character design on Catastrophe and Verge. I feel bad for Grace, though. She seems heavily burdened by her powers until she's able to get them under control.
Ok, so Verge is one of the 3 mystery minis. Could the other 2 be the alternate versions of Ambuscade and the Operative?
If they've been moving around from safe-house to safe-house in a half ruined city, where did they get their costumes?
My guess is this new accepting family they found.


On Tuesday's "Special Report" on the Fox News Channel, Washington Post columnist Charles Krauthammer's message was very similar to Weekly Standard editor Bill Kristol's message on Sunday: On Benghazi, let the facts speak for themselves.
Krauthammer laid out the four problem areas for the Obama administration on Benghazi: the lack of security, the U.S. response, President Barack Obama's whereabouts the night of the attack, and the talking points that did not reveal that the attack was a terrorist attack in the days following the incident.
"They are extremely important issues and the administration is hugely on the defensive," Krauthammer said. "Why were their requests for security denied including the desperate ones of the ambassador who ultimately was killed? Second, what happened on the night? How could America not have at least made an attempt of rescue? And the response by Democrats, 'Well, it wouldn't have arrived in time.' How in the hell do you know in advance that it's not going to arrive in time? How do you know it would be seven-and-a-half hours and not 17-and-a-half hours?"
"That's not a response," Krauthammer continued. "And where was the president that night? We've all seen the videos and pictures in the situation room of Obama on the night of the Osama raid. Everybody looks at that, he was really involved in that. Show me a picture of where he was on the night of the attack in Libya. Give me a timeline. Who did he talk to and what did he do? And lastly, the talking points — which are a fiction and compounded by the fact that the president now says, 'I said it was a terror attack on the day after.' That is not true. Even The Washington Post has said today it was absolutely a falsehood."
The Washington Post columnist then encouraged Republicans and conservative groups to not exaggerate the scandal. Otherwise, he said, the GOP could discount the seriousness of the Benghazi attack and make it out to be nothing more than a political issue.
"But the one advice I give to Republicans is stop calling it a huge scandal," Krauthammer said. "Stop saying it's a Watergate. Stop saying it's Iran-Contra. Let the facts speak for themselves. Have a special committee, a select committee. The facts will speak for themselves. Pile them on but don't exaggerate. Don't run ads about Hillary. It feed the narrative for the other side that it's only a political event. It's not. Just be quiet and present the facts."


Reverence is the debut album by Faithless, released in April 1996 and then reissued in October. The album contains several singles that have subsequently become Faithless classics, such as "Don't Leave", "Salva Mea", and "Insomnia". The album reached #26 in the UK charts.


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text:
Q: C++ Segmentation Fault if integer is input after printed, but ok otherwise The following source code compiles and runs fine
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    int t;
    cout << t << endl; // the seg fault / rte is for this
    cout << t+10 << endl;
    int mat[0];
    int mat2[t+10];
    for (int i = 0 ; i<100 ; i++) {
        //cout << mat[i] << endl;
    }

    cout << sizeof(mat)/sizeof(int) << endl;
    cout << sizeof(mat2)/sizeof(int) << endl;

    //cin >> t;

    return 0;
}

But if I uncomment the cin >> t it causes a Segmentation Fault.
#include <cstdio>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {
    int t;
    cout << t << endl; // the seg fault / rte is for this
    cout << t+10 << endl;
    int mat[0];
    int mat2[t+10];
    for (int i = 0 ; i<100 ; i++) {
        //cout << mat[i] << endl;
    }

    cout << sizeof(mat)/sizeof(int) << endl;
    cout << sizeof(mat2)/sizeof(int) << endl;

    cin >> t;

    return 0;
}

What is happening in it?

A: I found the problem
#include
#include

using namespace std;

int main() {
    int t;
    cout << t << endl; // the seg fault / rte is for this
    cout << t+10 << endl;
    int mat[0];
    int mat2[t+10]; // <=== HERE IS THE PROBLEM
    for (int i = 0 ; i<100 ; i++) {
        //cout << mat[i] << endl;
    }

    cout << sizeof(mat)/sizeof(int) << endl;
    cout << sizeof(mat2)/sizeof(int) << endl;

    cin >> t;

    return 0;
}

You are creating an array of variable size, there is no problem with this, but you are defining the size based on an uninitialized variable. Uninitialized local variables on C/C++, has NO default value, it can have ANY value it get from stack garbage
To test this, I compiled the program with strange (but possible) values for t to get Segementation Faults:
int main() {
    int t = -22;
    ...
    int mat[0];
    int mat2[t+10];

int main() {
    int t = 0xdeadbeef;
    ...
    int mat[0];
    int mat2[t+10];

You can get any of the values, and it would fail at random, my be using cin >> t changes certain variables on compiler optimization leading to change stack values or something like that, but it is totally unpredictable you can consider it almost random


Ancient Sanskrit word Janak (जनक) is name of a king who was father of Goddess Sita. Janak literally means father, parent, producing, begetting and generating.
Janak is found to be referred in the Epic Ramayan (रामायण) in which Janak is the father of the Goddess Sita and was king of Mithila (मिथिला).
Janak is also mentioned in the Mahabharata (महाभारत), Bhavprakash (भावप्रकाश), Kashika-Vritti (काशिका-वृत्ति) and Varah-Mihir-Brihat-Sanhita (वराह-मिहिर-बृहत्-संहिता) with meanings like generative, generating, begetting, producing and causing. Mention of this name is also found in Harivansh (हरिवंश) and Panchtantra (पञ्चतन्त्र) with meanings as a progenitor or a father.
Janak also finds reference in Shatpath-Brahman (शतपथ-ब्राह्मण), Rajtarangini (राजतरंगिणी) and Bhagvat Puran (भागवत-पुराण) as the name of several kings and men.
Janak is a very popular name in India. Janak is also used by more than 850 people in India as the name of their children. Janak is also a popular name in the USA as it is used by more than 100 people since the year 1981 as the name of their children.
Janaka is the name used to refer to the kings of Videha. The Janaka Dynasty ruled the Videha kingdom from their capital, Mithila, identified with modern Janakpur in Nepal.
Janak Ram is an Indian politician member of parliament from Gopalganj (Lok Sabha constituency).
Major General Janak Singh was Army Minister and later Revenue minister in the government of Maharaja Hari Singh of Jammu and Kashmir State.
Sumantra (Sanskrit सुमन्त्र) is ancient name of Sanskrit ori..
Sanskrit name Nishtha (निष्ठा) literally means excellent or ..