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Mango Markets $110 million developer arrested and charged in New York
Cryptocurrency investor Avraham Eisenberg has been arrested in Puerto Rico for fraud and commodity manipulation for stealing more than $100 million from decentralized finance (DeFi) protocol Mango Markets.
This is the first time that a US resident has been accused of tampering with a DeFi platform.
Eisenberg loses $110 million from Mango Markets
Recall that Eisenberg admitted that his team used a "highly profitable trading strategy" to drain Mango Markets of $110 million worth of digital assets by manipulating the price of the platform's native token, MNGO, and withdrawing almost all crypto deposits from the protocol.
Because of his actions, investors lost almost all of their deposits on the DeFi platform, although Eisenberg later returned about $67 million to Mango Markets.
Fraud and manipulation charges
Despite the refunds, the DeFi protocol eventually became insolvent, and Eisenberg now faces charges of fraud and commodity manipulation, which could result in fines or jail time.
Eisenberg was arrested on Monday 26 December. According to a criminal complaint filed on Tuesday, the defendant allegedly inflated the swaps' price by 1,300% before using the inflated swaps to borrow and withdraw assets within 20 minutes.
The complaint alleges that the defendant "knowingly and knowingly" manipulated the sale of a commodity — specifically, futures contracts on the DeFi protocol.
The filing, signed by FBI Special Agent Brandon Rush, says Eisenberg "engaged in a scheme involving willful and artificial price manipulation of perpetual futures contracts on a cryptocurrency exchange called Mango Markets, and other deceptive and deceptive devices and oddities."
Rakes: Eisenberg probably knew his actions were illegal
Shortly after his attack on Mango Markets, Eisenberg said in an interview that his team's actions were legal and that affected projects could not press charges because the exploit could not be classified as a hack.
However, Rush suggested that Eisenberg may have known that his actions were illegal because he had left the United States for Israel within 24 hours of benefiting from the exchange. According to the FBI agent, the Mango Markets developer quickly left the United States to avoid arrest.
Interestingly, Mango Markets is not the only DeFi protocol that Eisenberg and his team have tried to exploit. In November, the trader sought after a complex vulnerability in DeFi platform Aave using a series of short attacks. But the attempt failed, resulting in a huge loss for the developer.
After Mango Markets $110M Arrest, New York Face Charges Appeared For The First Time On CryptoPotato.
Posted in BusinessTagged arrested, charged, Developer, mango, markets, million, York
Crypto Plaza will be renamed to Database Plaza | …
BitCoin Insight for BITSTAMP: BTCUSD by shawntime_academy – Technical Analysis – 2022-12-28 18:27:16

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


While the start of 2016 might have spelled trouble for some well-established startups, it also saw the birth of companies tackling things like a cure for cancer, super-fast internet, and competition for Uber.
Here are 17 of the top startups to launch so far in 2016.
Did we miss the next big thing? Leave us a note in the comments.
1. Starry is making more powerful Wi-Fi for your house.
What is it: Launched in January by the former CEO of Aereo, Chet Kanojia, Starry will sell wireless equipment that will deliver supercharged internet speeds of up to 1 gigabit per second. That's fast enough to download a two-hour movie in a just a few seconds.
Starry makes a receiver called the Starry Point that hangs out your window like an antenna. You can hook up your own wireless receiver or use its Starry Station, a $350 device that can tell you right from its screen how fast your internet is performing.
2. Juicero wants to make the freshest juice you've ever tasted.
What is it: Simply described as the "Keurig for juice," the three-year-old startup finally launched out of stealth in February. The product is a smart, Wi-Fi-connected kitchen appliance that presses pouches the size of IV bags into tasty concoctions of fresh fruits and veggies. There's no preparation, mess, or cleanup--you simply slip in the pouch, press a button, and out pours your juice.
It starts at $699, a price tag that has drawn criticism about the young startup, but its investors believe the price will decrease as the company matures.
Funding: More than $100 million from Campbell Soup, Google Ventures, Artis Ventures, and Kleiner Perkins, with additional funding from Two Sigma Ventures, First Beverage Group, Acre Ventures, Double Bottom Line Ventures, Thrive Capital, and Vast Ventures, among others.
3. Cheddar is betting it can be the CNBC for Millennials.
What is it: Jon Steinberg, former president of BuzzFeed and CEO of Daily Mail U.S., founded Cheddar to present business news with a twist for Millennials. Now using a paywall, the company has short clips of its interviews for free but is hoping business-savvy 20-somethings will pay to have news tailored to their interests.
4. Grail wants to develop a test for cancer at the earliest possible stage.
Using Illumina's technology, a new company called Grail will look for a way to measure circulating nucleic acids--bits of DNA that circulate in the blood outside blood cells. While most of our DNA is inside our cells, scientists use CNAs to test for cancer and other diseases noninvasively. Grail's ambitious mission: develop a universal cancer-screening test.
5. Juno wants to be a driver-friendly alternative to Uber.
What is it: The "anti-Uber startup," Juno was founded by Talmon Marco, an entrepreneur who made a fortune when Viber, the messaging app he founded, sold to Rakuten for $900 million. Basically, Juno says it's much friendlier to drivers than Uber and Lyft--it takes a smaller share of the profit, leaving more for drivers. So far, it's in beta in New York City, so only a small group of people have tried it.
6. Otto's self-driving trucks could revolutionize the industry.
What is it: Self-driving trucks might hit the streets before self-driving cars. A team made up of former employees from Google, Apple, and Tesla is developing sensors and software to retrofit trucks into autonomous fleets. Otto's kits can turn any "dumb" truck built after 2013 into a "smart" driverless vehicle--for a ticket price of $30,000, according to Wired.
7. Simple Habit wants to help stressed-out Millennials.
What is it: After burning out after selling her first startup, Yunha Kim wants to help other overworked Millennials destress through the one thing that worked for her: meditation.
Simple Habit isn't an app that's all about chakras or sitting in the dark for 30 minutes to meditate. Its five-minute sessions are for young professionals on the go--the busy and skeptical people like Kim who thought meditation would never work for them. Apple has already featured Simple Habit as one of its "new apps we love" in May.
8. Comparably can show you how much you're being paid compared with your peers.
What is it: Most people want to know if they're being paid fairly but don't know how to find out. Comparably, a new Glassdoor-style competitor, brings transparency to both pay and culture in the workplace.
Workers can anonymously report their salary, experience level, company's size, location, and other factors. In return, the site shows them where they rank compared with their peers with the same position and experience level.
Funding: $6.5 million from lead investor Crosslink Capital and included investment from Upfront Ventures, Lowercase Capital, Alpha Edison, Crosscut Ventures, Ludlow Ventures, Cornerstone OnDemand, 500Startups, Pritzker Group, Rincon Venture Partners, Accelerator Ventures, BAM Ventures, and David Sacks.
9. Zipline's drones parachute blood and medicine to remote Rwandan cities.
What is it: For the past five years, the Zipline team has been secretly working on its lifesaving mission. In April, the company revealed its project to the world: a drone that could deliver up to three pounds of blood or medicine. And it's not just an idea--the company is scheduled to start making drops to health clinics in Rwanda in July in partnership with the country's government.
Funding: $18 million from Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen, Yahoo co-founder Jerry Yang, and others.
10. Nanit is a superpowered baby monitor.
What is it: Computer vision and parenting are two things that normally don't go together, but Nanit is a smart baby camera that combines them. The camera watches your baby sleep, giving you not only an eye into the crib, but also data about how he sleeps. It tracks things like how long it takes your infant to fall back asleep and provides a heat map of where in the crib he loves to sleep.
11. Truebill wants to stop you from getting ripped off on subscriptions.
As people have more and more subscriptions (Amazon, Netflix, Hulu, your gym), they should be well aware which ones they're signed up for. His solution was Truebill: a startup that scans your monthly credit card bills and then helps you cancel the subscriptions you don't want.
Funding: $350,000 from Y Combinator, Facebook's David Marcus, and others.
12. Winnie wants to be the Yelp for parents.
Part Yelp, part Foursquare, Winnie helps parents find locations that meet their needs--whether that's a changing table in the restroom or just a quiet area to nurse--and lets them share the story of their visit when they check into the spot.
Funding: A small "pre-seed" amount.
13. Ritual is making a better vitamin.
What is it: There are plenty of vitamins out there, but Katerina Schneider realized after taking a closer look that too many of them have outdated formulations. For example, most people get enough vitamin C in their diets that it's not necessary to have it in a vitamin, Schneider told TechCrunch. Instead, her new startup, Ritual, sources its ingredients from different parts of the world and puts together the best blend of only what's necessary.
Funding: $1.3 million from Upfront Ventures, FF Angel, Rivet Ventures, and Troy Carter.
14. Recharge lets you rent hotel rooms by the minute for whenever you need a rest.
What is it: Not every office comes with a nap pod, so a four-person San Francisco startup, Recharge, is giving people the chance to find some quiet during the day. By partnering with hotels, the startup charges people $0.66 per minute or $40 for an hour to get a private room to take a nap, shower after a run, or find a quiet place to take a break. And while there have been some questions about what else the room would be used for, the startup has a built-in ratings system to make sure unwanted guests stay out of the app.
15. Lola is a new kind of a travel agent.
What is it: Founded by Paul English, one of the co-founders of Kayak, Lola is lifting the travel-agent industry into the 21st century. Lola works as a chat app to connect travelers to a team of consultants who can take care of every step of the planning process. The app uses a combination of A.I. technology and an experienced staff to provide travelers with an alternative to many of the DIY travel websites.
Funding: $20 million from investors including General Catalyst and Accel Partners.
16. Pearl will help turn your "dumb" car into a cutting-edge model.
What is it: Launched out of stealth with dozens of ex-Apple engineers, Pearl is making products that can turn your old car into a high-tech model. Its first product is a license plate frame that connects to your phone, giving you a backup camera if your car doesn't come with one. It's a pricey $500 to start, but the company says that the frame will improve over time and do a lot more than just show you what's behind you when backing up.
17. KnuEdge wants to one-up Google and Intel.
What is it: KnuEdge should barely be considered a startup. Compared with the relative youth of the companies on our list, KnuEdge has been around for the past 10 years--spending the entire time in stealth mode.
In June, former NASA administrator Dan Goldin reemerged to reveal what he had been working on for the previous decade: KnuEdge, a startup based in San Diego with a mission to one-up Google, AMD, and Intel with the "fundamental invention" of the next-generation computer processor.


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Labor Tops Speak Out
Many of America's unions' central leaders issued press releases after the Sept. 11 bombings. All the statements deplored the loss of life and some urged their members to donate to union funds created to help victims and survivors. In general the press releases indicated, at least by implication, that the union officials would line up behind the bipartisan support for Bush's declaration of war.
Statements from the International Association of Machinists (IAM) (Sept.12) and the United Electrical Workers (UE) (Sept.14) stand out from the rest, but for very different reasons.
Machinists' President R. Thomas Buffenbarger, took a most aggressive and belligerent position. After noting that his members "were forced to endure the unimaginable nightmare" and that it "was our members who were among the murdered," Buffenbarger said, "Today, IAM members return to work. They will be prepping the planes that can just as easily carry troops to the farthest reaches of the earth. … For it is not simply justice we seek. It is vengeance, pure and complete."
The UE statement didn't directly take issue with Bush's warmongering, but still was sharply at odds with the Machinists: "As we mourn and we rage, we also declare our resistance to efforts to use this tragedy to curtail our civil liberties or to engage in military adventures that can only lead to more carnage and senseless loss of life."
A New York SEIU affiliate with 220,000 members, Local 1199, took a somewhat stronger position than UE, saying (Sept. 21) the union opposes "launching a war against any nation because of the actions of a few."
AFL-CIO President John J. Sweeny phoned Bush to "express the AFL-CIO's full support for him in this time of crisis." Sweeney said the "AFL-CIO will fully support the appropriate American response." The call shouldn't have surprised Bush, since the labor federation has never distanced itself from a ruling-class "military adventure," be it the Bay of Pigs or the Vietnam holocaust. -CHARLES WALKER
NYC Mayor De Blasio Threatens Mass Layoffs and Cuts
By MARTY GOODMAN
De Blasio wants to balance the budget on the backs of workers. The money should be raised instead by taxing the rich!
Rank and File Movement Builds Demanding Cops Out of Unions
By MARC ROME
A new mass movement is questioning the very foundations of the US police system, including its role in perpetuating the inequality and divisions among workers based on race.
Supreme Court Decision Expands LGBTQ Job Protections To All 50 States
In an opinion issued in the context of a mass movement demanding justice, equality and an end to discrimination, the Supreme Court immediately expanded job protections to LGBTQ workers in 23 states where none had existed.


text:
/ Trade
Plastic sector's exports rise by 15pc
ARAFAT ARA | Published: November 27, 2021 09:08:13 | Updated: November 28, 2021 21:52:51
Pieces of discarded plastic items have been spread on the embankment at Lalbagh in the city to dry as part of a plastic recycling process. A number of plastic recycling workshops located in the area are engaged in plastic recycling, thereby contributing to the economy as well as protection of the environment. The photo was taken on Friday —- FE photo by Shafiqul Alam
The country's plastic manufacturing sector has been maintaining a steady growth over the years against the backdrop of growing demand for plastic products in domestic and international markets, according to the sector insiders.
Moreover, export earnings from the sector have increased despite the Covid-19 pandemic because of utilising the potentials of international market by supplying on-demand products like personal protective equipment (PPE), they said.
According to the Bangladesh Plastic Goods Manufacturers' and Exporters' Association (BPGMEA), the sector's export earnings increased by 15 per cent in fiscal year (FY) 2020-21. During the period, Bangladesh earned US$ 115.28 million from export of plastic products, which was higher from $100.52 million in FY 2019-20.
The BPGMEA officials said the export earnings, direct and deemed, from plastic products is estimated at $1.0 billion a year. They also said the sector is playing an important role in the economy as a backward linkage industry.
At present, the local market size of plastic products is more than Tk 350 billion. The sector is growing at the rate of 20 per cent yearly.
Shamim Ahmed, president of the BPGMEA, said if the sector gets necessary facilities, it would expand fast. To this effect, he sought supports like tax holiday and inter-bond transfer facilities.
Bangladesh is producing different kinds of plastic-made products for exports and local consumption, such as - retail packaging materials, industrial and bulk packaging, household, office equipments, building materials, engineering parts and industrial parts, medical instruments, agricultural products, automobile and cycle parts, electronics and electrical products, textile yarns, engineering products, musical products, garment accessories etc.
The position of the plastic sector in terms of export earnings is 12th in the country. If the deemed export is counted, the sector would acquire sixth place. The association has requested the Export Promotion Bureau (EPB) to maintain the data of deemed exports of plastic products. But the bureau is yet to start it.
The EPB data showed that export earnings from the plastic sector increased gradually in the last 10 years in Bangladesh.
As per the data, the earnings were $68.76 million in FY 2010-11, $88.69 million in 2011-12, $84.51 million in 2012-13, $85.70 million in 2013-14, $100.57 million in 2014-15, $ 89.00 million in 2015-16, $116.95 million in 2016-17, $98.48 million in 2017-18, and $119.8 million in 2018-19.
Besides, the EPB statistics showed export earnings from the sector rose by more than 29 per cent in the July-October period of current FY.
The sector earned $46.04 million in the first four months of this FY, whereas the earning was $35.68 million in the matching period of previous FY.
However, the manufacturers said Bangladesh's share in the global market is still insignificant, as the size of international market of plastic products is $546 billion to $600 billion. Currently, Bangladesh contributes only 0.01 per cent to the global market.
China, the US and the EU are in the leading positions in the global market with plastic products. The market shares of China, the EU, the US, and Japan are 24 per cent, 20 per cent, 19.4 per cent, and 4.4 per cent respectively. Asia captured 16.4 per cent of the international market, while Middle-East and Africa 7.3 per cent, and Latin America 4.8 per cent.
"Bangladesh is working to achieve 3.0 per cent market share in the coming days," said Shamim Ahmed.
The current consumption of plastic products is six kg to seven kg per person in the country. But the use of plastic in other countries, including the developed ones, is 50 kg to 150 kg.
There is a possibility to increase the consumption of plastic products in Bangladesh. To this effect, the trade-body prepared the Plastic Sector Roadmap 2030 that targeted to raise the local use of plastic to 35 kg per person by 2030, the BPGMEA president mentioned.
Bangladesh's plastic products are getting popularity day by day in global market alongside local market.
He also called for taking initiatives to get back the Generalised System of Preferences (GSP) facility, as the country's plastic sector was impacted due to withdrawal of the benefit by the US.
Figures available with the BPGMEA showed that about 5,030 small, medium and large plastic goods manufacturing units are operating in the country. More than 1.2 million people are engaged in this sector.
The BPGMEA has about 2,300 members. Of them, 500 are exporting products abroad.
BGMEA seeks govt support to address RMG sector challenges
Unilever signals pursuit of GSK consumer arm, causing share fall
Credit Suisse mastermind Horta-Osorio resigns over Covid-19 breaches
Singapore cbank issues guidelines to discourage crypto trading
Bill placed in parliament to boost Parjatan Corporation capital
Bangladesh-Thai JTC meet postponed due to Covid-19
Bangladesh Krishi Bank seeks deposits from state entities
Bangladesh apparel exports to China drop
Bangladesh losing trade competitiveness amid rising real effective exchange rate


Coffee Club Semoran explores the Alternative Therapies available for your aching body. From chiropractics, massage, manipulations, strength training and more, complimentary therapies may be the way to go to alleviate pain and keep you in the "pink" for a life time.
Join our panel of experts to find out what is available as a compliment to our standard medical practices.
5463 Orlando Gateway Vlg Cir.


"Someone ?" Max asked, his eyes wide.
Settling onto the sofa next to his grandmother, Max lifted the lid and pushed away the tissue paper wrapping, finding himself face to face with a most marvelous teddy bear: brown and fuzzy, with a simple blue bow tie, a happy expression and kind eyes, not the stern look that some teddy bears had. Max ran his hands over the bear's tummy, feeling the softness of his coat, and then hugged him tight. The unneeded box fell to the floor. As usual, Bubbie had made just the right choice — even if it wasn't Legos.
Suddenly solemn, Max whispered his thanks. He loved Bernard, he really did, but he didn't want to be reminded of everything that scared him, for he was spooked by a great many things: spiders, snakes, rats, bats, darkness, heights, being upside down, strangers, monsters, horses and clowns (especially clowns).
"You're scared of stuff too, aren't you," he said aloud.
Little boys and their bears have a special, magical way of communicating with one another. It was by this means that Max came to recognize Bernard's fears, and that Bernard happened to confirm them.
"You must be hungry this morning!" Bubbie said, helping Max into his seat. After settling Bernard onto his own chair, she put another, smaller bowl with just a dollop of oatmeal in front of him, then poured herself coffee and sat down across from the pair.
Hunger was not the reason Max had rushed into the kitchen, however. He was eager to share what he had learned. Still, he didn't want to hurt Bernard's feelings, so he put his hands over the bear's ears before proceeding.
"Bernard isn't really brave. He's scared of lots of stuff," Max told Bubbie in a loud whisper.
"That was very kind of you, Max. And Bernard helped you, too, when you were afraid," Bubbie observed.
"Yes, he is," Max agreed.
This entry was posted in Children's Stories and tagged Bernard, Bubbie, facing fears, grandmother, grandson, M.P. Witwer, Max, teddy bear by Select Stories. Bookmark the permalink.


Q. How do I measure social media ROI?
A. When considering hiring a social media professional to help your business there are a few questions you may need answered. How do I justify this person's salary? How is this going to help my business?
Q. How do I build relationships with influencers in a digital age?
A. Social media influencers, bloggers, online news and podcasts are the new newspapers and magazines.
Q. How can a Facebook pixel help my business?
A. If you're new to the Facebook advertising world, a Facebook pixel is probably the last thing on your mind. But, it shouldn't be. The pixel has been a game changer when it comes to advertising on Facebook, allowing your content to get in front of the right audience.
Q. Should I be using social media to advertise my business?
A. In the age of social media, the way consumers engage with businesses and products has changed. Where once a disgruntled customer had to call to leave feedback, now they can simply leave a review on Facebook or send a tweet about their experience.


FAA has stated that is is against the law to shoot at an aircraft.
Topic: Episode #220 "Katie is a Private Pilot!"
Re: Episode #220 "Katie is a Private Pilot!"
Topic: Episode #172 "Gotta Have Skin In The Game"
Re: Episode #172 "Gotta Have Skin In The Game"
Topic: Episode #160 "Self-Ejecting Cargo"
Re: Episode #160 "Self-Ejecting Cargo"
I really think I have to go fly their Beech 18 on Floats. It could be the coolest float plane I have ever seen.
Topic: Episode #158 "Mach Point Five Six"
Re: Episode #158 "Mach Point Five Six"


The Key Account Manager is the person in charge of managing the company's relationships with its clients. You would be responsible for building and maintaining client relationships, and expanding the accounts through additional sales effort.
Identifies opportunities to grow business with existing clients and collaborate with the sales team on prospecting new clients.
5 years of account management experience.
2 year Pre-legal and business process outsourcing experience is required.
3 year Degree university degree.
Can operate under solid pressure and able to meet deadlines.
Time management skills and strong communication skills required.


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The Nuremberg Project
https://lawandreligion.com/nuremberg-project
The Nuremberg Project, a Web site presented by the Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion, has begun to offer online access to the Donovan Collection, the personal documents and papers of General William J. "Wild Bill" Donovan. After World War II, during the International Military Tribunal (IMT) in Nuremberg, Donovan served as special assistant to the U.S. Chief Prosecutor. Selecting from his papers every six months, the Nuremberg Project has recently issued its first installment -- a document from July 6, 1945, titled "The Nazi Master Plan: The Persecution of the Christian Churches." The site provides users with not only digital copies of original source documents but also insightful commentary from Holocaust and Nuremberg scholars. Researchers, academics, and World War II enthusiasts should find the site valuable. Users with low bandwidth should be wary though; the first installment is nearly 40 MB.
Archived Scout Publication URL
http:///report/sr/2002/scout-020118-re.html#3
Scout Publication
Scout Report
Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion
Rutgers School of Law, Camden (N.J.)
World War, 1939-1945 -- Jews
War crime trials -- Germany (West) -- Nuremberg
Nuremberg war crime trials, Nuremberg, Germany, 1946-1949
World War, 1939-1945 -- Atrocities.
Nazi propaganda
Donovan, William J. (William Joseph), 1883-1959.
War crime trials -- Germany (West) -- Nuremberg -- Archival resources.
Nuremberg war crime trials, Nuremberg, Germany, 1946-1949 -- Archival resources.
Date of Scout Publication
Date Of Record Creation
April 7th, 2003 at 4:03pm
Date Of Record Release
Resource URL Clicks
Cumulative Rating
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Protecting Indigenous Communities in Cases of Climate-forced migration
Zoha Zafar - 22nd May 2020
By Prensa Obrera - https://prensaobrera.com/politicas/39233-movilizacion-al-senado-por-la-prorroga-a-la-ley-de-tierras-indigenas, CC BY 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=78596414
On Indigenous People's Day in 2018, the United Nations pushed for the protection of indigenous populations' human rights in cases of social, political, economic, and climate-forced migration. It fell short of acknowledging that victims of climate-related forced migration receive limited protections under international law as compared to social, economic, and political migrants. Previous constructions of climate-related migration rely on the assumption of other contributing factors. Indigenous communities experiencing climate migration face decreased representation, limited opportunities for economic participation and decreased protection of property. This blog highlights the need for the enactment of proactive measures necessary to preserve indigenous communities experiencing climate-forced migration.
In a theorized "worst-case" scenario as many as 143 million people in sub-Saharan Africa, South-East Asia, and Latin America will be victims of climate-related forced migration by 2050, according to a World Bank Group report. Many will be part of the lowest economic population in these regions. Sound immigration and migration policies would preserve indigenous communities' rights from the likely effects. Indigenous people are practitioners of unique cultures and ways of relating to individuals and the environment. They retain distinct customs from those of the dominant societies in which they live, according to the United Nations. Indigenous communities around the world face unique challenges in terms of necessary movement and cultural preservation. Article 10 of the United Nations' Declaration of Rights for Indigenous People protects indigenous people against forced migration or removal. However, it does not establish a standard for protection in climate migration.
The Need for Indigenous People's Representation
The indigenous community, Saami, have long inhabited the coastal regions of Scandinavian countries. Due to climate change and man-made environmental excursions, the indigenous community faced increasing outside pressures in their region. Although migration in the Saami community is common, non-indigenous movements into their land diminished their representation and culture at the local level. Climate-change and adaptations to it became contributing factors for migration. States must consider the role and representation of indigenous communities in developing climate-change responses to prevent the communities from dispersing.
Limited Economic Participation and the right to self-preservation
Indigenous people in Latin America and the Caribbean inhabit 6.5 percent of the region. They are among the most susceptible to environmental climate change impacts. Although many indigenous communities' climate change-related risks are similar to other poverty populations in the region, they are set apart by the intimate way they rely on the environment for cultural cohesion. Climate-related indigenous migration forces communities previously reliant on natural resources and agricultural output into cities with limited economic opportunities due to limited traditional education. This restricts many of these migrant populations to poverty. They must find economic alternatives to their traditional lifestyles. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights recognizes environmental protection as an essential right in the enjoyment of other human rights under the American Convention. Recent cases further defined indigenous community protections under Article 26 of the Convention. This established a precedent for restitution of land rights but does not address situations where restitution is not possible. For environmental protection to ensure additional human rights, States should enforce efforts to preserve indigenous communities' knowledge of land and agriculture through placement programs that focus on communities remaining intact and productively contributing to the nation's resources.
Impacts of Climate Mitigation: a push for inclusive planning
Southeast-Asian countries recently experienced an increase in tropical-storm impact from climate change. Indigenous communities suffer from climate change's impacts and sometimes form unintentional consequences of mitigating tactics. In Malaysia, indigenous communities were forced out of their homelands to construct dams to limit the impact on larger societies in the country. Like Latin-America populations, they adapted to economic systems where their traditional skills are mostly untransferable. Indigenous populations must be present in conversations involving programs to mediate effects. States should consider adopting a citizen's assembly representative of the indigenous populations of lands incorporated in mitigation programs.
Moving Forward: the need for proactive measures
While the United Nations recognizes the imminent climate change threat on global populations and the right to self-determination by indigenous populations, the indigenous populations must have their rights respected in circumstances resulting in forced migration. Many rely on the environment for cultural and economic functions, making them one of the first demographics affected. National and international entities must preserve the communities by mitigating the impacts of internal and cross-border migration. To proactively address the possible effects, nations should evaluate at-risk indigenous land and work with the community to determine how to preserve other cultural identifying factors along with economic redevelopment plans to prepare for climate-forced migration.
Zoha Zafar is currently a student at American University pursuing a Bachelor of Arts in Journalism and Law & Society. She is an advocate for increasing representation of minority and marginalized identities in law.
Zoha Zafar, "Protecting Indigenous Communities in Cases of Climate-forced migration" (OxHRH Blog, 2020) <http://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/protecting-indigenous-communities-in-cases-of-climate-forced-migration> [Date of Access].
Ashok Chakraborty says:
Forced migration was a reality in south east Asia since 1947. It was a man made disaster to divide India and transfer the mass. https://aviatorcloud.com
Kishor Dere says:
Changing times and new circumstances must reflect necessary improvements in the existing definition of refugee. 'Climate Refugee' can become an acceptable category only when the international community overcomes its inertia and intellectual orthodoxy to revise the definition of refugee.
COVID-19 pandemic exposes cost of MENA governments' lack of human rights standards for businesses
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Foreign National Rough Sleepers Penalised Under the UK's Revised Immigration Rules
Human Trafficking: The rise (and fall?) of the Strasbourg case law-Prof Marie Benedicte Dembour
OxHRH Associate Dr Cathryn Costello Wins Best Publication Prize


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A Castor cipher is something I came up with that reminded me of the fractionating Morse code cipher Pollux so the name seemed to fit well.
The idea is that you don't need all of the letters of the alphabet to spell out a legible message, especially with only 97 characters. It also has been bothering me how to explain how every letter of the alphabet is represented because via monoalphabetic substitution (no matter how clever) we would therefore end up with every letter of the alphabet represented. You'd need to write the message out specifically including those letters a la Scrabble.
An alternate explanation is by developing a cipher that uses less than 26 letters. For example, let's say we only want to use 13. I'd use E, T, N, O, R, I, A, S, H, D, L, C and U. These are the 13 most common letters so it would seem they are the easiest to make a message that actually made sense.
Now the trick is to make a substitution alphabet where each of our 13 letters can be represented by 2 different possible ciphertext letters. The actual choice by the cryptographer would matter little because the recipient would automatically know that T and Y both = E so whether the sender used more T's than Y's doesn't change the message. The benefits to this cipher are that you can manipulate the letter frequencies at will simply by adjusting the ciphertext values associated with your plaintext letters. You also maintain the length of your original message so we would retrieve 97 letters of plaintext from the 97 letters of ciphertext.
Is it vulnerable to analysis? Sure.
Does it completely solve the problem? No, not really.
Is it interesting? Yeah, why not.
It's worth considering as it is not too far out into the lunatic fringe. Let's move on to how to analyze these things to see how it compares to what we know of K4.
The first and easiest way of using a Castor cipher is by using a 13 letter alphabet with two available cipher letters for each. Simplest way of assigning CT is alternating them. What is a characteristic of this type of ciphering? No letter repeats. Even if the plaintext letter repeats, it will not repeat in the ciphertext as you alternate between the possible CT letters.
So with the simplest stylings of the Castor cipher, it cannot work for K4. How could we work around this dilemma?
The two options available in my mind were random chance or frequency analysis driven enciphering.
With random chance some method would be needed outside of the cryptographer to generate the randomness. The human element will always be the weakest in this type of ciphering as we naturally try and influence randomness which actually reduces the entropy of the cryptosystem.
Frequency-driven Castor ciphering is simply a means of artificially controlling the letter frequencies by the choices of CT made. Using the most common letters, the letter frequencies will be muted already and by effectively halving the frequency of the letter "E" for example then we provide a situation where the analyst can be confounded. It would be perhaps better to not have completely flat frequencies but seek the middle ground. Why? Let's consider K4 again:
There are 8 K's which would lead us to think these were E's in the case of straightforward frequency counting. Let's for arguments sake look at the E's and T's. Let's say that E's are enciphered with S's and T's while T's are enciphered with K's and C's. The cryptographer in this example would have thrown us by allowing the peak of 8 K's in CT which would generally lead us to assume they were E's because there's more of them. In reality, there are more E's but the distribution is spread out more evenly. There are 12 E's via 6 S's and 6 T's. There are 10 T's via 8 K's and 2 C's.
A further convolution would be using less than 13 letters in the message. This would give an uneven Castor ciphering where some plaintext letters are enciphered by 2 or even three letters. In the case of K4, we must assume that an effort has been made to include all of the letters of the alphabet but in a private message you could leave out some letters of ciphertext.
Conceivably you could also adjust the ciphertext frequencies to match plaintext thereby hiding a substitution under the guise of a tranposition.
What are some descriptive characteristics of this cipher-system I've made up? It's a symmetric key cipher because the recipient would need the decryption table. It's non-keyed. By itself it is decent but a transposition would not affect much except make confident deciphering attempts slightly more challenging.
I rather like my little made-up cipher.
It's just as plausible as many traditional methods and while it is home-made it still remains in the realm of the plausible and avoids being batshit crazy.
I'm not exactly sure at this point how to recommend analysis…
I guess I'll have to work on that unless someone could suggest something useful?
I doubt I'm the first to have thought of something like this but it seems I'm the first to name something as a Castor cipher. It seems like a nice fit to the problem of K4 so I'll try and see if I can figure out some kind of strategy. If something similar was employed perhaps a slight dent could be made in K4's invulnerability.
taff3r
What if one cipher text letter stands for two possible plain text letters? Like an inverted Castor Cipher.
Like this: http://oi43.tinypic.com/2hhg4uc.jpg
And for the artsy touch the alphabet would resemble the wall (provided it's about the Berlin wall).
I know there isn't much of a system in it, it's just another idea.


Officials believe this template will enable the group to develop strategies to make the Sacramento region competitive with other markets.
"The Competitiveness Council will drive economic performance by closely tracking a broad array of metrics concerning all aspects of economic activity, educational outcomes, social amenities and all of the other factors that play a role in competitiveness. These metrics will be the building blocks of an in-depth assessment of the market, and I look forward to applying the techniques I have been researching and teaching about to help advance the Sacramento region's economic performance," Weare said in a statement.
Earlier in his career, Weare served as an economic adviser to Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti and conducted research for the San Francisco-based Public Policy Institute of California.
Formed in 2014 with the support of a diverse group of regional business executives, the Greater Sacramento Area Economic Council works to retain, attract and grow businesses in the six-county region. Its goals include developing specific industries, creating jobs and encouraging investment in the region.
More information can be seen at selectsacramento.com.


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Should you have any concern of neck signs or symptoms, a referral from a general practitioner or family doctor is required for a diagnostic neck ultrasound.
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Upon arrival, you will be shown to a private room where the ultrasound technician will offer you a medical gown to change into if needed. You will be asked to remove any jewelry that may interfere with the ultrasound procedure.
When ready, the ultrasound technician will apply a small amount of a water-based gel to the transducer head, and gently move it along your neck with mild to moderate pressure to capture clear images. Once all necessary images have been captured, you will be able to wipe off the gel and get dressed.
The assessment will be approximately 30 minutes long.


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Extraordinary - Virtual, Licensing Committee - Monday 30th November 2020 5.30 pm
Agenda reports pack PDF 642 KB
Venue: Legislation has been passed that allows Council's to conduct Committee meetings remotely
Contact: Mark Devin, Democratic Services Officer (Committees) Telephone 01392 265477 or email mark.devin@exeter.gov.uk
LOCAL GOVERNMENT (MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS) ACT 1976
Amendment to Street Trading Policy and Terms of Reference for the Licensing Sub-Committee PDF 251 KB
To consider the report of the Service Lead - Environmental Health & Community Safety.
Appendix A- Draft Street Trading Policy 2020 , item 19. PDF 347 KB
The Service Lead - Environmental Health and Community Safety presented the report which sought approval to amend the Street Trading Policy, for commencement from 1 January 2021. The report would also be presented to Executive on 1 December 2020, to amend the Terms of Reference for the Licensing Sub-Committee for Council approval.
The proposed policy amendment in conjunction with proposed changes to the Council Constitution would delegate authority to the Licensing Sub Committee to determine street trading applications.
RECOMMENDED that Council: -
(1) approve the amendment to the Street Trading Policy, to commence from the 1 January 2021, to read as follows: -
· All relevant representations relating to the grant of a consent will be referred to the Licensing Sub-Committee hearing the application, for consideration as part of the determination.
(2) support the proposed amendment to the Council's Constitution Terms of Reference for the Licensing Sub-Committee: -
· To determine whether to grant or refuse a street trading consent.
<AI4>
To pass the following resolution:
RESOLVED that, under Section 100A (4) of the Local Government Act 1972, the press and public be excluded from the meeting for item 5 on the grounds that it involves the likely disclosure of exempt information as defined in paragraphs 1 and 2 of Part I of Schedule 12A of the Act.
RESOLVED that, under Section 100A (4) of the Local Government Act 1972, the press and public be excluded from the meeting for the consideration of the following item on the grounds that it involved the likely disclosure of exempt information as defined in Paragraph 1 of Part I, Schedule 12A of the Act.
Application for Consent to Street Trade in at Duckes Meadow and Clapperbrook Bridge Car Park
The Chair introduced the Committee. The Solicitor set out the procedure, the Council's policy and the requirements under the Local Government (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act 1982.
The Principal Licensing Officer, presented the report which advised the Committee that the Applicant was seeking approval to engage in street trading at locations Ducks Meadow and Clapper brook Bridge Car Park, Exeter. The Applicant had applied for a 12-month licence to sell hot drinks, cold drinks, cakes and pastries and had applied for a consent to trade Monday to Saturday between 08:00 and 14:00 hours.
The Applicant had submitted a location map of the area they sought to trade at and photographs of a proposed purpose-built food van. Members noted that Devon County Highways had been notified of the application and that no comments had been received. A food hygiene rating visit had not yet been undertaken. The Estates section of the City Council had made no objection to the occupation of the sites which were on City Council owned land.
The Applicant was in attendance and spoke in support of the application, stating that:-
· because of the Coved pandemic, Spoonbill Café Ltd. were unable to attend events and festivals and had commenced trading at Topsham Rugby Cub which had been well received locally and on social media and, as a result, had identified Ducks Meadow and Clapperbrook Bridge Car Park as additional areas from which to trade;
· both locations benefited from good footfall being popular with walkers, cyclists and dog walkers and the unit would fit well in to the natural environment;
· the van comprised a dual-fuel facility rather than a noisy generator, a fridge to store milk etc., a sink, sanitisers with hot water available for cleaning;
· in respect of the proposed conditions, all litter would be disposed of, there would be no flyposting, use of A boards or single use plastics and local produce would be used;
· liaison would occur with the Environment Agency as necessary regarding any environmental/conservation work identified; and
· the Applicant thanked Members for the opportunity to address the Committee.
In response to questions from Members, the Applicant detailed the precise location of the two sites and advised: -
· a dual-fuel facility was an expresso coffee machine both gas and battery powered with only a limited use of gas to warm the coffee and with the batteries providing the necessary power;
· the company used Fairtrade coffee sourced from South American farms; and
· the practice in respect of social distancing at Topsham Rugby Club had been to advise the public when necessary to maintain their distance. In addition, the coffee etc. was left on a small shelf to avoid direct contact with customers with payment via card and sanitisers available for public use. Both proposed new locations benefitted from wide open spaces.
RESOLVED that the application be approved with the following conditions:
(a) all of the conditions contained within Appendix A of the Street Trading Policy dated 2015 be included in the consent;
(b) the consent holder will provide ... view the full minutes text for item 21.


There are many Pathways to Recovery. We suggest contacting your insurance company to be sure the provider participates in your plan. Please note many providers also have a sliding scale available.
Alternative to Emergency Room for mental health and substance use crisis.
Inpatient and outpatient, including medication assisted treatment.
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A planned intervention is an orchestrated attempt by one or many people – usually family and friends – to get someone to seek professional help with an addiction.


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VisitEngland Launches Online Business-to-Business Platform
VisitEngland has launched a business-to-business digital platform that enables tourism suppliers to connect to multiple international distributors.
Tourism Exchange Great Britain (TXGB) is a one-stop shop for English tourism suppliers including accommodation providers, visitor attractions and experiences, to link to distributors with international reach and sell their products overseas.
VisitEngland Commercial Director Carol Dray said:
"TXGB will drive bookings for the hundreds of thousands of tourism businesses in England by making it easier for them to access new markets and ultimately more customers.
"England's tourism product will be on show internationally to global distributors and their customers, promoting the latest tourism products, services and experiences, driving bookings and inbound tourism across the country, boosting regional economies."
TXGB simplifies the process for businesses wanting to connect to multiple distributor channels. By linking to tourism suppliers' booking systems, TXGB 'feeds' live availability and pricing as well as product descriptions, images and relevant content into national and international distributor sites such as Booking.com, Ctrip and Expedia.
Suppliers can select as many distributors as they want by agreeing to the respective terms, conditions and fees. The platform also gives suppliers access to booking data and sales analytics, so that businesses can identify trends across all distribution channels. For those businesses that do not have a booking system, or booking pages on their website, TXGB can also help get them up and running.
Tourism businesses in England can connect to TXGB, developed and operated by technology partners Rainmaker and V3, for free. They pay commission to the distributors they opt into and a 2.5% + vat booking fee to TXGB per booking which goes towards the sustainability of the platform.
Distributors benefit from access to a wide range of England tourism products, an easy connection either via TXGB's free of charge white label tools which are pre-set or, they are free to develop a connection via an open API which links the online systems of suppliers and distributors seamlessly, allowing full customisation of pages. TXGB also provides 24/7 email and telephone support for suppliers and distributors.
TXGB can also be used by destinations across England who can become distributors, making all tourism products within their destination available to distributors in one place.
TXGB was developed as part of the UK Government's Discover England Fund, which was administered by VisitEngland, to support the tourism industry develop world-class bookable English tourism products.
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The Valencia Conference Centre increases its operations by 34% in 2019 and grows its international business The Conference Centre Chairman and City Councillor for Tourism Emiliano García said this morning that the...
LOT Polish Airlines Joins ICCA
LOT Polish Airlines joins the ICCA, the International Congress & Convention Association, which is a global community for the exchange of knowledge in the international meetings industry. ICCA, which has been...


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Ancient History: The Magic Art and Wonder of Prehistoric Mount Bégo
Mont Bégo (Mount Bego) is a 9,423 m tall mountain in southeastern France. It's also in the southwestern Alps. The Mediterranean Sea is 40 km away. Tourists appreciate its surreal landscape. Geologists study its bizarre form. Archaeologists study the prehistoric petroglyphs in its stone. This site has the greatest collection of them in Europe.
Mont Bégo was reached in prehistoric times / Q-Mag.org
The location of Mont Bégo in southeastern France. / art-rupestre.chez-alice.fr
3 major valleys surround Mont Bégo. They are: Fontanalbe, Minière, and Vallée des Merveilles. The altitude of the peaks here rise between 2,500 and 3,000 m. The valleys appeared at the prehistoric Last Glacial Period (up to 11,000+ years past). They're accessible by foot for 4 months a year.
The 1st account of Mont Bégo comes in 1821 from a French doctor, François-Emmanuel Fodéré. Prehistoric humans have known about Mont Bégo for millennia. We will see accounts from both the inside and outside. In addition, both natural and human prehistoric forces shaped this place for far longer.
A topographic view of the area around Mont Bégo (red dot). Viewers can see the Fontanalbe Valley (northeast), the Minière Valley (southeast), and the Merveilles Valley (Valley of Wonders) (west)./ Google Maps
Prehistoric writing on the wall
We begin with a brief overview of the petroglyphs. They're what people think most about Mont Bégo. There are many types of petroglyphs. What's strange is that they depict no more than a few themes.
Most are 0.5 to 5 mm deep. Prehistoric engravers preferred the flattest and smoothest surfaces. With stone tools, they dug micro-cupule holes to remove the red rock surface. Some think the glyphs came from a short, sustained prehistoric period. Others say the tradition has been continued far longer than we thought.
Petroglyph engraving by prehistoric cast percussion. / Arts rupestres (Dr. Jérôme MAGAIL)
Prehistoric Bulls
The most iconic petroglyphs resemble bull heads. Scientists call them corniform petroglyphs. They're 46% of the total, and 76% of "likenesses". A minority of them are "yoked". The bull's head is a simple shape. Horns emerge from the head.
Bull (corniform) prehistoric petroglyphs. / Q-Mag.org
Geometric works
Geometric works show outlines of complex shapes. There are 3 main types: rayed (suns), closed (shapes), and reticulated (grid-like). Later, we'll review details about the last of these. Some suppose they depict divided fields. Some would've had streams running through them.
Other reticulated petroglyphs depict house layouts. All of these mentioned human arrangements would've followed geomancy. The sacred demarcation of space persists for millennia more. It's how prehistoric chaos becomes cosmic space.
Rayed and reticulated geometric prehistoric petroglyphs. / Q-Mag.org
Geometric figures make up a smaller percentage of the total count (7-12.5%). They may be among the oldest petroglyphs here.
Prehistoric Weapons/Tools
Some petroglyphs depict weapons. The 2 most common weapons are prehistoric halberds and daggers. The latter helped scientists date the petroglyphs. Scientists compared them to known metal weapons from other prehistoric cultures. These make up 4-7% of the engravings.
Halberd and dagger prehistoric petroglyph. / Q-Mag.org
Anthropomorphic Depictions
The rarest class of petroglyphs are "active" humanoids. They've raised their arms, holding a weapon or other object. We will look at one of them later. It's known as the "Sorcerer". Scientists named of the most special humanoid petroglyphs "Christ". Its face draws up sympathies of austere pain and conviction.
"Christ" prehistoric petroglyph. / Q-Mag.org
Non-representative glyphs
A significant portion of engravings are cup-shaped markings. They can be alone or in groups. Most don't have any discernible place with the above classes. Some of them might be incomplete petroglyphs. Some could be "drafts".
This is uncertain. Others think drafts involved a full outline prior to engraving.
Some scholars have identified a few petroglyphs as sundials. Besides this, did the ancient pastoralist of Mont Bégo engrave for protection? Mere decoration? Information? We could tackle these questions just for Mont Bégo. But we'll end up looking for answers across all of prehistoric Europe.
As I write about Mont Bégo, I'm reminded of Lascaux. The latter would be prehistoric to the former. / History.com
The Vallée des Merveilles (Valley of Wonders) rises to 2,000 and 2,500 m. This puts it in the "middle" and "high" range. The valley's surrounding massifs run northwest and southeast. These massifs have metamorphic and granitic rocks.
Carboniferous and Pliocene sedimentary rocks rest on top. These include conglomerates, sandstones, arkoses, and mudstones. This area has a messy geologic history. One can find more kinds of rocks there. Tectonic and glacial forces both shaped the amazing Valley of Wonders.
Vallée des Merveilles (Valley of Wonders). Its origins lay in prehistoric times / France Voyage
Glacial Effects
Going back 20,000 years brings us to the Last Glacial Maximum. Back then, glaciers reached the base of Mont Bégo. These glaciers came from the Valley of Wonders and Minière Valley. They left behind Permian stone blocks. The longest and narrowest valley is the Minière Valley. The two tallest mountains above it are Grand Capelet and Mont Bégo. There is an abundance of cirques (round, deep basins) throughout this valley. Cirques dot nearby valleys.
From left to right: Vallée des Merveilles (Valley of Wonders), Mont Bégo, and the Minière Valley further right. / Google Maps
When the glaciers melted, the exposed rocks underwent oxidation. They turned red. Bronze Age artists carved through the red surface. That's why their petroglyphs are a different color from the surrounding rock. The oldest engravings have since gained a patina.
In 1868, an English botanist named M.F.G.S. Moggridge visited Mont Bégo. He was the first to describe the petroglyphs as prehistoric. The prehistorian Emile Rivière continued his work in 1877. In 1885, another botanist named Clarence Bicknell studied the valley flora. He ended up doing a lot of petroglyph research at Mount Bégo.
Let's go back to 9,000BC (~11,000BP). After the Late Glacial Period, lakes formed, plants grew, and peat occurred. The first vegetation near Mont Bégo was a kind of steppe (Older Dryas). Juniper and pine trees followed. These forests didn't grow above 2,400 m. This altitude has the greatest focus of engravings. It is close to the base of Mont Bégo (2,872 m). Later, a cold spell killed off some plants (Younger Dryas).
Mont Bégo vegetation goes back to prehistoric times / Atlas Obscura
Evidence exists of pastoral activity between 3,500 and 3,000BP.
The next "Subboreal" period had grasses and plaintains. Humans cut down large larch forests in this time. Close to 1500BC, agriculture expanded with cereals. In the summer, humans settled down on the lower slopes of Mont Bégo.
First walkthroughs
Humans crossed the valleys around Mont Bégo long before the Neolithic. After the glaciers melted, humans crossed mountain passes in between valleys. By the Paleolithic, humans reached the Po river plain north, and the Mediterranean Sea south.
Major excavations on Mont Bégo began in the 1940s under Carlo Conti. He surveyed over 30,000 petroglyphs. In addition, he drew the first archaeological map of Mont Bégo.
Prehistoric shelters
An operation in 1942 uncovered the "gias del Ciari". A gias is an Alpine rock-shelter with a livestock enclosure. Later excavations in the 90s found flint cores. These suggest humans arrived at Mont Bégo around 9000BC (~11,000BP). This was the time when glaciers were melting into lakes.
The operations found the gias with Cardial ceramics. They show Early Neolithic activity near Mont Bégo began near 5500-5300 BC (~7,500 BP). Other ceramics in the gias are dated to Bell Beaker (2350-2100BC / 4,150BP). There was material and cultural exchange across the southwestern Alps.
Map showing the extent of Cardial pottery. / Wikipedia
Cardium/Cardial pottery gets its name from the technique of production. Heart-shaped shells, or other sharp objects, were pressed into the walls. / Pinterest
Prehistoric grazing sheep
In summer months, transhumant shepherds gathered on Mont Bégo to feed their sheep. During the summer, artists carved the famous petroglyphs which adorn the mountains. Their preferred time period was the summer solstice until mid-September. When winter came, the shepherds left Mont Bégo.
Transhumance pastoralism is an ancient and widespread tradition. / GitHub
Suitable drawing themes and surfaces
Prehistoric visitors liked Permian pelite and sandstone. These were easier to engrave. Glaciers had polished them. Such rocks include fine-grained schistose and pelitic rocks. Some areas are smooth and flat. Others have grooves and scars.
This is the practical side to choosing a "canvas". Others think the artists chose locations through divination. One example might be engraving wherever lightning struck. The artists made the most famous petroglyphs on Permian rocks. One example is the Sorcier (wizard) petroglyph.
This prehistoric petroglyph goes by many names, including: The Magus, Sorcerer, or Wizard. This photo shows that the glyph is a different color than the surrounding, oxidized rock. The original engravers carved past the red surface. / Q-Mag.org
We mentioned 19th century scientists who expanded our knowledge of Mont Bégo. There is another, more recent one: Henry de Lumley. From 1967, he worked on systematic plotting of all petroglyphs.
There are 2 main types of engraved petroglyphs at Mont Bégo. They are "pecked" and "incised". Most research focuses on pecked engravings. Most of the petroglyphs belong to one of a few recurring motifs. These motifs include bulls, weapons, people, and other diagrams. This could mean that engraving these glyphs was an important rite.
Distribution of prehistoric engravings
Scholars debate the lifespan of petroglyph activity at Mont Bégo. In addition, there is a constant search for patterns in the placement of glyphs. Some even think the glyphs represent early writing.
Scientists have found ties between the engravings and their nearby geography. Les Merveilles and Fontanalbe show interesting placements of engravings. For a fun fact, 1317 rocks have 1 engraving. At the same time, 1 rock has 1377 engravings. They consist of "fringed" figures, "horned" figures, and "halberds".
Which are the oldest? Where are they?
They found fringed figures far from the densest collection in the valley center. Fringed figures, with "reticulated" figures, are among the most ancient. These engravings have the strongest relationship with geography. They're found closest to ancient streams and pastoral walkways at lower altitudes. These were the only ways to cross between valleys.
In Les Merveilles, we find many engravings on the tops of rocks. In addition, most face south, no matter the geography. There aren't many more ties which scientists can spot yet with certainty.
Roche de l'Aute – The "Altar Rock"
The base of Mont Bégo (2318-2335 m) has a rock named Roche de l'Aute. The rock is about 60 m long and 30 m wide. Bicknell called it the "Altar Rock". This rock appeared to be more sacred than others. It has the greatest number of engravings of any rock there. Hundreds of figurines and dagger motifs decorate it. A ridge divides this rock into northern and southern halves. In addition, an orange patina coats this rock.
Prehistoric petroglyphs on Roche de l'Autel (Altar Rock), Mont Bégo / Research Gate (Huet & Bianchi 2016)
Why is the "Sacred Rock" sacred?
There's no certain reason why Roche de l'Aute has the most engravings. Some say the view from Roche de l'Aute is the most spectacular in the area. This could've motivated ancient artists to focus their work on this rock. But the view from other rocks is comparable. Roche de l'Aute does have a unique triangular shape.
There are specific patterns at the Roche de l'Aute. Reticulated figures come before daggers and horned figures. Reticulated figures cluster on the southern faces. In contrast, horned figures and daggers cluster on the northern faces. In addition, the oldest engravings gather closer to the rock's edge.
Dagger engravings are the most effective index for relative dating. Scientists matched them to Chalcolithic copper and early bronze daggers. These daggers pop up at many sites around the Mediterranean. Based on this, scientists pinpoint the engraving at Mount Bégoto 4,000 BP. This means around 3200 and 1700BC.
Where do the blades point?
Dagger petroglyph, Mont Bégo / Arts rupestres (Dr. Jérôme MAGAIL)
The dagger likenesses at Mount Bégo may represent real metal blades. These blades may have come from the nearby metalworking Rinaldone culture. This culture thrived in northern Italy.
On the other hand, the dagger engravings may be symbolic. Geospatial analysis allows scientists to test hypotheses. More analysis has yet to be done on Fontanalbe valley. So far, the oldest engravings cluster on the lower, southern rock edges. Finding more patterns depends as much on current human choice as back then.
Prehistoric belief: then vs. now
We're not the first to fumble with the code. Seneca was a 1st century Roman philosopher and statesman. He contrasted his "modern Rome" against archaic mountain cultures.
"Whereas we, the Romans, believe lightning to be released as a result of the collision of the clouds, the ancients believed that clouds collide so as to release lightning, for as they attribute all to the deity, they are led to believe not that things have a meaning in so far as they occur, but rather that they occur because they must have a meaning". ~Seneca the Younger.
Seneca the Younger was referring to the Etruscans. / Smarthistory
The prehistoric peoples of Mont Bégo might've been a similar stock. The petroglyphs evidence the awareness of a natural whole. Sun, storms, sheep, and stones formed the Mont Bégo cosmos.
The unknown scares some…
Medieval Europeans knew of these petroglyphs. At that time, they thought of Mont Bégo as cursed and demonic. They thought the site was near Hell. In addition, people of peculiar Christian sects visited the area. Inquisitors burned them at Mount Bégo for their beliefs. A few medieval visitors engraved their own glyphs.
Cathares and Waldensians were burned at Mont Bégo. They faced heavy persecution from the Church. / Wikipedia (Boucicaut Master)
In the 1460s, Pierre de Montfort visited the site himself. He said this about it in his travelogue.
"It was an infernal place with figures of the devil and thousand demons everywhere cut in the rocks… But for a little, my soul would have failed me!" ~Pierre de Montfort (1460).
…and arouses others.
Locals named the Valley of Wonders so for its awesome thunderstorms. "Merveilles" is closer in meaning to the supernatural. It can even mean "fairy-like". Farmers nearby believed the valley was wondrous.
A view of Vallée des Merveilles with petroglyphs. / Menton, Riviera & Merveilles Tourist Office
The Valley of Wonders and Fontanalbe are sites of archaeology. Each valley has around 2,000 engraved rocks and 10,000 "pecked" engravings. There are more engravings of other kinds at Mount Bégo. Some think the ancient site would've looked similar to the modern site.
Reconstructing archaic beliefs is a constant challenge. It requires the total defamiliarization of secular vs. sacred. To ponder Mont Bégo with efficacy, we must reopen cosmology. Curiosity is the common human thread. Both a modern scientist and "Bégo Man" would understand the quest to know.
Study of cosmology is a rich tool for understanding ancient societies. / University of Idaho
How far can we go back?
There is an ancient legend about the Fontanalbe Valley. It conveys the prehistoric, primal urge to grapple with natural forces for survival.
An ancient, young shepherd learned that the sun spends the night in the spirit world. This didn't satisfy him. He wanted to see the sun rise from the most sacred peak (Mont Bégo). But while he climbed, he felt plagued by guilt and "sin".
He tripped, and fell to his death. The settling snow made it hard for the people to retrieve his body. A miraculous, flickering light kept its place known at Mount Bégo. In the spring, they didn't find the boy. They found a revenant woman. She led them to the death spot. A new stream flowed where before there was none. The surrounding area was enriched with beautiful flora.
Things which we view as every day were miracles to the ancients. / THE FRENCH RIVIERA BLOG BY KEVIN HIN
Cultural Significance in Prehistoric Anthropology
Once in a while, Earth wobbles like a carefree shepherd boy. At times, it trips away from the sun. When that happens, the Earth, in part, gets knocked out cold.
Prehistoric resurrection / Shutterstock
For hundreds of thousands of years, Mount Bégo was dead. It lay buried under prehistoric glaciers. When the Last Glacial Maximum came with spring, new life appeared. In the time since, magic and science have both blossomed. In the present, we have the experiences of all our ancestors to use both. We may continue to explore entire valleys of marvel and wonder.
de Grazia, A.-M. (n.d.). The Petroglyphs of Mount Bégo. 40,000 petroglyphs of Mount Bego and the Valley of Marvels. Retrieved February 14, 2022, from https://q-mag.org/the-petroglyphs-of-mount-bego.html
https://q-mag.org/the-petroglyphs-of-mount-bego.html
Huet, Thomas, and Nicoletta Bianchi. "A Study of the Roche de l'Autel's Pecked Engravings, Les Merveilles Sector, Mont Bego Area (Alpes-Maritimes, France)." Journal of archaeological science, reports 5 (2016): 105–118. Web.
J. Arts rupestres – anthropologie – archeoastronomie. Accessed February 16, 2022. http://art-rupestre.chez-alice.fr/publications/publicationmontbegoenglish.htm.
http://art-rupestre.chez-alice.fr/publications/publicationmontbegoenglish.htm
Lannoy, Richard. "Monte Bego: The Birth of Sacred Space." India International Centre Quarterly 30, no. 3/4 (2003): 174–96. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23006133.
Magail J., Simon P. (2014) Glacial Landscapes and Protohistoric Cultural Heritage of the Mount Bego Region, Southern French Alps. In: Fort M., André MF. (eds) Landscapes and Landforms of France. World Geomorphological Landscapes. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi-org.proxy.wexler.hunter.cuny.edu/10.1007/978-94-007-7022-5_21
December 1, 2022 December 1, 2022 Myron Huanganthropology, art, culture, France, history, Mont Bégo, petroglyph, religion, travel
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This is my English translation of "Les Mots Bleus".
Unfortunately, there are expressions that remain very French. e.g. "Il faudra bien qu'elle comprenne". In this context, bien has no real English equivalent, I'm afraid. Worse still, I could not find an exact translation for the word "retrouvaille". It does not really exist. Is it a reunion? Or a new encounter? Even in the French lyrics there is a fragile ambiguity about the couple's state of affairs. Do they know each other? Has she/he ever spoken to her? Besides, I've always interpreted the end of the song as narrating a chance meeting which happened after a very long time, and so perhaps this "retrouvaille" should be read as "of us finding each other again."
But to each their own interpretation. The appeal of a well written song is that it reaches out to many and what it may evoke is really up to the listener, as he or she feels and remembers.
Here it is, again, since I'm in a melancholy mood and since so much in life is left unspoken and because I also respect the magic of silence.
Thank you! Rediscovery would fit in nicely. I am grateful.
I'm wondering then, whether that means they had been with each other before...or whether they were never in fact a couple, but simply kept meeting by accident...I like to imagine the latter scenario. It gives the song a sort of tragic pang.
I've not played the song, or heard the tune, but the blue words.. they are the ones you want to make someone happy with.
A sad song for me, until I break the spell by actually listening to it.


text:
Tyler Horka
STARKVILLE – The stormy weather steered clear for the first time in three days, and the Bulldogs stayed on the outdoor fields at the Leo Seal Jr. Football Complex. Week one of Mississippi State training camp has concluded. Here are some observations from the seventh day of practice.
1. Key players made it back onto the field for Friday's sessions, but they were limited. When the media last viewed practice on Tuesday, wide receiver Stephen Guidry, offensive lineman Greg Eiland, safety Johnathan Abram and defensive lineman Marquiss Spencer all sat on the sideline. Of those four, Spencer was the only one to stay off the field Friday.
Guidry and Eiland appeared to be light participants in their respective team drills, but neither of them wore a colored non-contact jersey. Abram wore a non-contact jersey. Linebacker Alec Murphy stayed off the field with Spencer. Both were seen riding stationary bikes toward the end of the viewing sessions.
2. Head coach Joe Moorhead made his rounds during the first few practices, but he has found his home in recent ones. Moorhead mostly stays with the quarterbacks and receivers during team drills. He shouts out in support when he sees a slick throw or a nice grab. He's so involved that he even gets in the way at times – see the Tweet below.
3. The M-Club's Legends Weekend is taking place, and many former Mississippi State greats were on hand to observe practice. Former head coach Jackie Sherrill made an appearance, as did former linebacker Cameron Lawrence. Sherrill had 75 wins at MSU, and Lawrence totaled more than 100 tackles in back-to-back seasons (2011-12). The Bulldogs' new head baseball coach, Chris Lemonis, was also seen roaming the fields.
As noted, Spencer and Murphy did not participate in practice.
"Some of them had to walk before they could run, but right now they're all running,"— defensive line coach Brian Baker on the players in his unit
Moorhead and his top assistants will speak tomorrow afternoon at Mississippi State Media Day. Many players will also be open to the media. Tomorrow evening, the team scrimmages for the first time during camp. The scrimmage is closed to the media.


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I listen with a detached interest to Mick Fanning depiction of his experience being attacked by a great white on 20 July. What was interesting was what I thought was a textbook demonstration of the idea that we learn fear.
Anyhoo, I wondered if this was the first time that Mick Fanning was courageous? I mean courage is feeling fear and doing it anyway right. I suspect part of his success on the big waves in the shark's playground may owe to his absence of fear – his absolute belief that he'll be fine. Yesterday tested that and may have provided him with a real sense of his mortality. He may have been as close to death as he has ever been – maybe not. I don't know him so I am purely speculating.
I am absolutely convinced that the unit manager is pivotal in the success of their organisations, and also the progression of their profession – but they have to have high impact to do this – and this means empowering those around them to expand their scope of capability and responsibility.
The Australian Academy of Clinical Leadership is to deliver the Diploma of Leadership and Management (BSB51915). This Diploma was designed on the basis of feedback from the industry. It provides the business skills, clinical leadership and empowering mindset to make your managers multipliers.


The Kremlin is not only spying on, but trying to influence American servicemembers.
Russia is going to great lengths to undermine the US military by not just spying on it, but trying to influence its members, according to a report from Politico. Operatives have been friending soldiers and veterans on social media, posting on popular sites and, of course, hacking members. The aim, according to experts, is to turn service members into a "fifth column" for Russia, and the military is struggling to stop it.
One technique used by Russia is to befriend soldiers, veterans and their spouses on social media in an effort to gather intelligence and spread misinformation. "Spies understand that a great deal can be discerned about what militaries are up to based on the unclassified behavior of soldiers," threat intelligence manager John Bambenek told Politico.
Operatives try to lure personnel by sending friend requests posing as attractive women, but they also post propaganda on Facebook in an effort to boost Russia's military status among US servicemembers. For example, military contractor Serena Moring recently spotted a possibly fake report about a heroic Russian soldier killed in action while fighting ISIS. "All the response from the military guys was like, 'That is awesome. That is an epic way to die," she said.
Spies understand that a great deal can be discerned about what militaries are up to based on the unclassified behavior of soldiers.
Russia has also reportedly formed partnerships with popular military sites. Veterans Today (above), for instance, has teamed up with Russian groups like New Eastern Outlook and Strategic Culture Foundation, run by a former Soviet Politburo member. It pushes anti-Semitic, anti-NATO and pro-Russian content, with stories like "Brussels, NATO and the globalists in total dissaray."
Despite the far-fetched content, it gets up to 900,000 unique visitors per month, and, more terrifyingly, has some 35,000 active resumés on its HireVeterans.com job board. The hiring site also lists dozens of large US employers, including Bank of America and Westinghouse. Yet, University of Washington professor Kate Starbird tells Politico that Veterans Today is an "active partner" in the distribution of Russian propaganda.
Meanwhile, Russia's hackers spend a disproportionate effort on the military, with 41 percent of attacks by the "Fancy Bear" group directed against current or former military members, according to SecureWorks. The aim is to gain intelligence either directly or indirectly, by observing the actions of soldiers and officers.
So what's the end game? Strategic Cyber Ventures CEO Tom Kellerman, formerly of Trend Micro, told Politico that he thinks the cyber attacks that weaken the US leaders could presage military action. He warned the FBI that the Kremlin had targeted powerful leaders and their spouses, and could potentially turn on smartphone microphones and cameras to gather intelligence or compromise targets. "You have to remember these people have been warned that their dirty laundry could be aired."


text:
Johnny Crawford is a visual storyteller and educator based in Atlanta, Georgia, who has documented the human spirit in 45 states and four continents for 36 years.
Johnny specializes in candid photographs that are inspiring and historical. His photojournalism approach to photography helps him produce excellent photographs out of routine subjects or situations. He has a passion for education stories, sports stories, and projects highlighting corporate responsibility.
Johnny was a staff photographer for The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (AJC) for over 28 years. During his tenure at the AJC, he photographed the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, 2004 G8 Summit of World Leaders, 1996 Olympics in Atlanta, GA; 1994 Winter Olympic Games in Lillehammer, Norway, and five U.S. Presidents.
He was the AJC beat photographer for Georgia Tech football from 2003 thru 2013 and NASCAR from 1990 thru 2013. He has photographed over 500 college and professional sporting events including football, basketball, baseball, soccer, gymnastics, track & field, golf, and swimming.
In 1994, Johnny was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. He is the winner of the 2008 National Headliner First Place winner in Sports Photography, Georgia Associated Press 2008 Picture of the Year Winner, The Best of Cox Newspapers 2008 Sports Photography Winner, and 2008 Georgia Press Association First Place in Sports Photography and 2012 APME Georgia Newspapers Award in Sports Photography.
Johnny has an M.A. in Photojournalism from Ohio University and degrees in Psychology and Public Relations from Morehouse College.
Johnny taught photography at Grady High School, Marietta City Schools Adult Education Program, Clark Atlanta University, The University of Georgia and Middle Georgia State University. He was an Artist in Residence at the Tubman Museum in Macon, Georgia. At the Tubman, he has a permanent exhibit of thirty black and white portraits entitled "Leading the Way Macon's Trailblazers and Activists.
He is currently documenting Black soldiers and nurses that served in the Vietnam War.
He teaches private photography lessons in the homes of clients in the metro Atlanta through his company, Privatephotographylesson.com
C.Jack Ellis .jpg 2 years ago
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Instagram Korean War POW .jpg 2 years ago
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COLLEGE FOOTBALL23.jpg 2 years ago
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Kelley Krohnert
I am a portrait and fine art photographer based in Smyrna. In addition to my portrait business, I...


The available evidence from North Korea's May 14 2017 launch of the Hwasong 12 missile suggests that it is a two stage missile.
Measurements on the images of the missile are also consistent with an Unha 3 space launcher origin for the Hwasong 12. If this were so it would have a diameter of 2.4 m and use Kerosene and AK 27 as fuel and oxidizer.
A single stage Unha 3 derived Hwasong 12 can also be ruled out based on a performance appraisal of North Korea's current missile and space capabilities. The two stages appear to have about the same length. The first stage would be very similar to the Unha 3 booster with a propellant fraction of 84%.
The second stage would also use the same engine as the Unha 3 booster but would be a more optimized stage with a propellant fraction of around 87%.
These stages are consistent with what North Korea has already demonstrated through its space and missile launchings.
Though North Korea has so far not tested a thermonuclear device, the length of the Reentry Vehicle (RV) of 5.25 m suggests that it is intended to carry a thermonuclear warhead.
The predicted range of the Hwasong 12 missile with a warhead weighing 650 Kg launched due east with an azimuth of 90 degrees will be 4385 Km. This should allow North Korea to comfortably target Guam even with a heavier warhead.
With a suitable third stage the Hwasong 12 can be converted into an ICBM that can reach the US mainland. One can expect the test of such a configuration in the near future.
Taken together the successful launch of the Hwasong 12 along with the nuclear weapons testing that North Korea is carrying out indicates that North Korea is well on its way towards developing a nuclear tipped ICBM that can reach the continental United States.


Each and everyone would pretty well know about the importance of cleaning the teeth, by proper toothbrushing regularly, but there's a majority in them who don't care about the health of the tongue and the cleanliness to be maintained on the tongue to complete the proper oral hygiene daily, along with brushing and flossing. Tongue Cleaning is an important part of the life, and one has to take it seriously as a daily routine to maintain a good health of the mouth.
Why is Tongue Cleaning Important?
One who is following the proper ways of brushing their teeth and flossing them, might have a good understanding on how this helps them maintain a proper oral hygiene, and the same person would again feel why the tongue needs to be cleaned, and what it has to do with the tooth decay and the build up of calculus on the tooth. Many things here are related, but not many people know about it.
The tongue is a house for several bacteria which are not harmful and may sometimes instead help when there's no food debris left in the mouth. But when layers of food remain on the tongue surface, the bacteria act on that and this leads to the foul odor, or the Bad Breath which is popularly known as Halitosis.
And another major reason for keeping the tongue clean, is that the bacteria which are present here would reach the tooth surfaces and the gums to attack if there is food debris remaining on the teeth, and the most common area here would be the junction between two teeth.
For those who have been clueless about the reason for the bad breath although they were properly brushing their teeth, the lack of cleaning of the tongue too can be a reason for that.
Another good reason to clean your tongue daily, is that by brushing or rubbing the tongue you are giving the taste buds a gentle massage which keeps them healthy and this improves the sense of taste, and if not improve, would maintain it good.
Using your brush to clean the tongue is not a wrong way, but there are quite a few brands which have come up with special tongue cleaners on the back side of the bristles, which can be used to properly clean the tongue and once this is done, you should thoroughly rinse your mouth with water, and if you are using any mouthwash, that would help too.
Using a tongue scraper is another way to clean the tongue and this is actually a right and better way to clean it. This is also one of the easiest ways to clean the tongue, as the tongue cleaner is simply a strip of metal or plastic that is bent in "U" shape to settle well on the tongue surface and you just need to push it towards the tip of the tongue so that everything that has settled on the tongue surface is scrapped off.
Having said all this, it doesn't mean that you are doing your 100% job of maintaining a perfect dental health, because you would be best knowing about it only when you visit a Dentist regularly, at least once in 6 months although you might not have any problem at that point of time.


text:
Pembroke distance to Buffalo
How far is Pembroke from Buffalo?
Shortest distance between Pembroke and Buffalo is 23.72 miles (38.17 km).
Flight distance from Pembroke, NY to Buffalo, NY is 23.72 miles. Estimated flight time is 00 hours 03 minutes.
The driving distance from Pembroke, New York to Buffalo, New York is: 30.2 miles (48.61 km) by car.
Driving from Pembroke to Buffalo will take approximately 00 hours 34 minutes.
#1 Pembroke
Town in New York, United States
42°59'51"N 78°26'5"W
#2 Buffalo
County seat city in Erie County, New York, USA
Starting point in Pembroke: Main Road (-78.434806,42.997462)
Ending point in Buffalo: Niagara Square (-78.878786,42.886515)
Estimated Travel Time Between Pembroke and Buffalo
The distance between Pembroke and Buffalo is 49 km if you choose to drive by road. You can go 00 hours 32 minutes if you drive your car at an average speed of 90 kilometers / hour. For different choices, please review the avg. speed travel time table on the below.
There is no time difference between Pembroke and Buffalo. The current time is 06:38:06.
A car with a fuel efficiency of 8.3 l/100 km will need 4.03 liters (1.07 gallon) of gas to cover the route between Pembroke and Buffalo.
The estimated cost of gas to go from Pembroke to Buffalo is $3.51 (diesel $3.9).
The place names are translated into coordinates to approximate the distance between Pembroke and Buffalo (latitude and longitude). Cities, states, and countries each have their own regional center. The Haversine formula is used to measure the radius.
Driving distance from Albany, NY to Pembroke 263.82 miles (425 km)
Driving distance from Astoria, NY to Pembroke 365.83 miles (589 km)
Driving distance from Babylon, NY to Pembroke 405.47 miles (653 km)
The Bronx, NY
Driving distance from The Bronx, NY to Pembroke 362.96 miles (584 km)
Driving distance from Brookhaven, NY to Pembroke 418.86 miles (674 km)
Driving distance from Brooklyn, NY to Pembroke 359.86 miles (579 km)
East Flatbush, NY
Driving distance from East Flatbush, NY to Pembroke 366.17 miles (589 km)
Driving distance from Huntington, NY to Pembroke 391.32 miles (630 km)
Driving distance from Islip, NY to Pembroke 405.25 miles (652 km)
Driving distance from Jamaica, NY to Pembroke 380.12 miles (612 km)
Driving distance from Manhattan, NY to Pembroke 361.48 miles (582 km)
Driving distance from New York City, NY to Pembroke 352.81 miles (568 km)