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Flash Memories - Types
Although all flash memories use the same basic storage cell, there are a number of ways in which the cells can be interconnected within the overall memory array. The two most prominent architectures are known as NOR and NAND; these terms, derived from traditional combinatorial logic, indicate the topology of the array and the manner in which individual cells are accessed for reading and writing. Initially, there was a basic distinction between these two fundamentally different architectures, with NOR devices exhibiting inherently faster read times and NAND devices offering higher storage densities (because the NAND cell is about 40% smaller than the NOR cell). NOR Flash memories are considered to be the best choice for densities up to 256 Mbits, while NAND types are preferred for 512-Mbits and up. This is the best compromise between large data storage capacities and cell size - and consequently, final die size.
NOR Flash Memory:
NOR-type Flash memories are based on technologies that evolved largely from the first non-volatile memory technologies. They are typically organized as a number of blocks between 16 Kbytes and 128 Kbytes, each of which can be individually erased or programmed. The architecture can be either uniform if all of the blocks are the same size or asymmetrical when the blocks vary in size. The array can be organized as a single piece of memory or split into dual or multiple banks, and in some cases, one block (called boot block) located at the top or the bottom of the address space, is dedicated to the storage of the boot code. NOR Flash memories usually have a random access for reading at byte/word level and sometimes a page access mode, allowing the reader to view an entire page of 2 to 4 words in one go. When very rapid read operations are required, the Flash memory is equipped with a burst read mode, which allows data to be transferred on every clock cycle.
Parallel and Serial Interface:
Parallel Access and Serial Access Parallel buses were primarily used to interface flash memories with microcontrollers and microprocessors through an address bus, a data bus and a control bus. By default, the term "Flash memory" refers to a parallel interface memory. The data bus can be organized as x8 bits, x16 bits or x32 bits. In some cases, address and data buses can be multiplexed. They are available in densities of up to 128 Mbits. Because of their rapid read times, Flash memories are traditionally used for basic code or code-plus-parameter storage where greater flexibility compared to EPROM is more important than the additional unit cost. More recently, they have pervaded many new applications where their key functions are to store both code and data. This was achieved by dual operations supported by dual or multiple bank architecture, which enable programming/erasing operations in one bank while reading from another bank. The serial bus is used to connect a Flash memory to a microcontroller or an ASIC equipped with a serial bus. Serial buses are input/output interfaces supporting a mixed address/data protocol. The serial bus connectivity reduces the number of interface signals required. For example, the SPI bus, the most popular serial bus for serial Flash memories, requires only 4 signals (data in, data out, clock and chip select) compared to 21 signals necessary to interface a 10-bit address parallel memory. As a result, the number of pins of the memory package (memory and bus master) is reduced, as is the number of PCB tracks. Consequently, a serial memory can fit into a smaller and less expensive package. However, serial Flash memories are available in lower densities than Flash memories. The communication throughput between serial Flash memory and master processor is lower than for traditional Flash memories. Consequently, the time to download code into the serial memory and execute it from the memory is longer. As a result, serial Flash memories are usually used for small code storage associated with a cache RAM. This is called a code shadowing architecture. The executable code is first programmed in the memory and it is write protected. After power-up, it is downloaded from memory to RAM from where it is executed by the master processor.
Flash Memories - Introduction
Flash memory is a type of electronic memory increasingly used in a wide range of communications, consumer, computer and peripherals, and automotive applications, but which relatively few semiconductor companies can produce in volume at the low cost equipment manufacturers require. Flash memories belongs to the class of semiconductor memories called non-volatile memories, of which it is the most dynamic driving force. Semiconductor memories can be divided into two different types: those that can only retain data stored in them while they are connected to a battery or some other source of electrical power (volatile), and those that retain their data even if their power supply is removed (non-volatile).
Flash memories can be electrically erased and it is not necessary to erase the whole memory array in order to store new data in part of it. Flash memory, EPROM and EEPROM devices all use the same basic floating gate mechanism to store data, but they use different techniques for reading and writing data.
In each case, the basic memory cell consists of a single MOS transistor (MOSFET) with two gates:
• control gate connected to the read/write control circuitry
• floating gate located between the control gate and the channel of the MOSFET(the part of the MOSFET through which electrons flow between the so-called
Source and Drain terminals).
In a standard MOSFET, a single Gate terminal controls the electrical resistance of the channel: electrical voltage applied to the gate controls how much current can flow between the Source and Drain. The MOSFETs used in non-volatile memories include a second gate that is completely surrounded by an insulating layer of silicon dioxide, i.e., it is electrically isolated from the rest of the circuitry. Because the floating gate is physically very close to the MOSFET channel, even a small electric charge has an easily detectable effect on the electrical behavior of the transistor. By applying appropriate signals to the control gate and measuring the change in transistor behavior, it is possible to determine whether there is an electrical charge on the floating gate. Because the floating gate is electrically isolated from the rest of the transistor, special techniques are required to move electrons to and from the floating gate.
One method is to fill the MOSFET channel with high-energy electrons by making a relatively high current pass between the drain and the source of the MOSFET. Some of these "hot" electrons have sufficient energy to cross the potential barrier between the channels and reach the floating gate. When the high current in the channel is removed, these electrons remain trapped in the floating gate. This is the method used to program the memory cells in EPROM and Flash memories. This technique, known as Channel Hot Electron (CHE) injection, can be used to load an electrical charge onto the floating gate, but does not provide a way to discharge it. EPROM technology achieves this by flooding the entire memory array with ultra-violet light; the high-energy light rays penetrate the chip structure and impart enough energy to the trapped electrons to allow them to escape from the floating gate.
The second method of moving a charge to a floating gate is the quantum mechanical effect known as tunneling. In this method electrons are removed from the floating gate by applying a voltage that is large enough to cause electrons to 'tunnel' across the insulating oxide layer to the source between the MOSFET control gate and the source or the drain. The number of electrons that can tunnel across an insulating layer in a given time depends on the thickness of the layer and the value of the applied voltage. To meet realistic voltage levels and erase-time constraints, the insulating layer must be very thin, typically 7nm (70 Angstroms).
EEPROM memories use tunneling to charge and discharge the floating gate according to the polarity of the applied tunneling voltage. A Flash memory can therefore be considered to be a memory device that is programmed like an EPROM and erased like an EEPROM, although there is much more to Flash technology than simply grafting the EEPROM erase mechanism onto EPROM technology.
The most important difference between EPROM and the other two processes lies in the thickness of the oxide layer that separates the floating gate from the source. In an EPROM, this is typically 20-25nm, but this is far too thick to allow tunneling to take place at an acceptable rate with a practical voltage level. For Flash memory, tunnel oxide thickness of around 10nm is required, and the quality of this oxide layer has a dramatic effect on the performance and reliability of the device. This is one of the reasons that relatively few semiconductor manufacturers have mastered Flash technology and even fewer have been able to reliably combine Flash technology and mainstream CMOS processes to build products such as microcontrollers with embedded Flash memory.
In the next post on this series, we will look at NAND, NOR, Parallel & Serial Flashes!


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Step ahead of others on the way to the future | Plastika Skaza d.o.o.
The first one is the "Development of a new technological procedure for the production of demanding products from transparent polycarbonate with at least 50% of secondary waste material for applications in the furniture and electrical industry." The project was co-financed by the SPIRIT Agency: it contributed 200 thousand euros, and the remaining amount of slightly under 370 thousand, that we provided. The project involving a team of 12 employees was launched last year, and its scheduled completion date is December 31 this year.
The second project is the "Development of recycled material with natural fibers added and a manufacturing process for complex technical products." This project just started and will last until 6 February 2020. The investment is co-financed by the Ministry of Economic Development and Technology: we will receive € 220,000 as co-funding for the project. The costs will be partially covered by the project partner, who shall also receive a part of the co-financed funds. This project team also consists of 10–12 employees.
Both projects focus on developing the recyclate for use in complex technical products. In practice, this means that it will be possible to use recycled material in transparent products. It will be achieved with an advanced "machine vision" developed in the project that will separate transparent recyclate granules (and irregular granules). The separated granules will be chemically processed to become a suitable material for a new mechanically robust product.
The result will be an aesthetically pleasing and high-quality product. The aim is therefore the development of separation system and a material that is essentially a recyclate. The second project will, in addition to the recycled material suitable for technically demanding products, focus on developing a process for manufacturing technically demanding products with natural fibers added.
With these two projects, we are entering a completely new field. The granule separation system features advanced algorithms of machine vision with artificial intelligence, which requires powerful processors—it will thus also test processing capacities. The new projects will be a giant step towards combining natural and recycled fibers, covering two branches of sustainability: reusability and natural fibers. The changes introduced are aimed at continually improving product quality and using sustainable materials.
Through improving materials and processes and setting trends, we achieve a greater added value per employee, gain expertise in brand new areas, and enhance the skills and knowledge of our employees. Introducing and developing innovation means increasing the Company's competitiveness in both the Slovenian and foreign markets. With our own R&D, we are designing new materials and establishing new processes, staying ahead of the curve. The employees involved in these projects will gain valuable knowledge and skills, which will provide a great advantage for future related projects.
Such R&D projects are also a great reference for achieving the status of an R&D supplier among the key customers, while also enhancing our visibility, reputation, and attractiveness.
Both projects are a long-term incentive for employing a large number of experts to deploy the new processes and develop the materials. The R&D projects also mean cooperation with various research institutions, which not only results in new knowledge and established links, but also in meeting students who could potentially join the Company in the future. It allows to retain young professionals in Velenje and Slovenia in general.
Innovative materials and cutting-edge technologies represent a challenge for young professionals and a chance to upgrade their competencies.


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Home Thoughts Opinions A Leaderless and Leadershipless World
A Leaderless and Leadershipless World
Nurit Greenger
Sat April 18, 2020
When inspiration is needed and it is not to be found. We are leaderless and leadershipless.
In time of crisis all the wrongs we, the people, do not know exist or pay attention to, float to the surface and become so very clear.
From the get-go when the Coronavirus landed on the shores of so many countries, I noticed that our, the United States', leaders were seeking answers to the virus pandemic just as, we, the people, did. We were all in the dark and were facing a phenomenon like never before.
On March 27, 2020 I assessed the situation in an article with the headline, 'Biological Warfare: Failure to Do What Was Required Leads to Serious Consequences; failure to do what is required a cause to suffer serious consequences.
Like never before, world leaders shuttered their countries, and in unison shuttered the world, if for anything, because of panic and the novel virus' unfamiliarity. Leaders and the unknown experts and heads of government departments faces all of a sudden appeared on our TV screen each day. They wanted to take no responsibility for any mistake that could be made. So, they turned the country's lights off and started to search for answers in the dark, not thinking of the outcome, or if anything, not letting us, the people, know what they really think.
President Trump with 18 people Coronavirus team at press conference. Photo Shealah Craighead/White House
Apart from President Trump, all I personally saw was doom and gloom around me or told to me. It reminded me of Winston Churchill, the flawed man who became a great leader. The man who, the Brits rather despised until they had no one to lead them and pilot the British nation through the WWII unending Nazi bombing of their country. Churchill went on to become the 20th century poster of leadership. President Trump, whom the Democrats and their media mouth-pieces seek, under every stone, the opportunity to falter, may turn into the Churchill of the 21st century. Ask Nick Adams the author of Trump and Churchill.
Trump and Churchill book cover
In his first presidential inauguration in 1933 Franklin D. Roosevelt said: "So, first of all, let me assert my firm belief that the only thing we have to fear is fear itself – nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance." This statement fits the Coronavirus pandemic era.
We were told to retreat into self-imposed home imprisonment and as it is becoming clearer by the day, perhaps for no reason whatsoever. Ask the people of Sweden, who did not shut their country down. Rather, they took personal responsibility and the Coronavirus cases and the containment outcome in their country is no worse than any country that chose the shutdown path.
President Roosevelt was a Democrat. Today, his leadership approach belongs to the Republicans and the conservatives while the Democrats dwell on fear-mongering, disarray, hypocrisy, negativity, and weakness.
As of this writing, Congress is AWOL. Not that they have done much for the past almost four years but chase President Trump to try to unseat him, all based on false pretense and political ruse. But now when the nation needs them to show some leadership, they are all hunkering down in their homes and the House, majority Democrats, has furloughed itself on full salary. That is what I call leadershipless.
The United States is a federal republic. It is a federation of states with a republican form of government. At its core, the literal meaning of the word republic, when used to reference a form of government means: "a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader rather than by a king or queen." Federalism is the mixed or compound mode of government, combining a general government with regional-state governments in a single political system. Many US states' governors do not know or understand, perhaps forgot they work within this federalism and constitution governance system's frame and have enacted rules and restrictions that do not adhere to federalism.
People do not know and/or understand their federalism rights. President Obama, right through his presidency undermined federalism. ObamaCare was one example of not adhering to federalism and no one beeped.
Presidents Clinton and Obama cozied up to China and no one tooted. The results, the naked king, China, appears to be who he is. The naked king delivered a Chinese made pandemic with rather catastrophic outcome to unfold.
Illustration of the novel coronavirus, COVID-19. (Photo: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)
Even before the pandemic began and also while it was unfolding, President Trump took several drastic measures as to how the United Stated should be dealing with China, an adversary, and the name-calling for his actions resonated.
From the get-go I noticed Drs. Anthony Fauci and Deborah Brix gave careful use of words so noticeable as to not take a chance, not be responsible. Better to be a fear monger than a leader who thinks clearly. They vacillated with information, based on models, much of which turned out to be wrong.
Many times in life we encounter situations of injustice. We often give up the fight against such injustice because there is no choice. We often hear it's "better to be smart than right," and we raise our hands in surrender.
States' governors without a vote, without a process imposed on the public authoritarian rule to ride the virus circumstances out. They turned the Coronavirus crisis into a totalitarian response opportunity.
Never a population let their liberty rights being taken away from them so easily but for the hysteria created by some of the pathetic Democrat governors – Gretchen Whitmer – Michigan governor, Phil Murphy, – New Jersey governor, Andrew Cuomo – New York governor and Gavin Newsom – California governor and even others – and their media megaphone that supported their governing aberration. And let us not for a moment forget the fear-mongering, lack of leadership and rather empty suit, which mayors like Bill de Blasio of New York and Eric Michael Garcetti of Los Angeles navigated their cities through the virus situation.
I do not like to be told what to do by people who do not come up to my intelligence grade. That is what I see in so many of those who we call civic leaders. They do not meet my grading of intelligence.
Paranoia and fear have put the entire country, and the world, into 'sheltering-at-home' in a semi-secure location wondering how long this nationwide wave of hysteria will last. All has been attributed to the new Coronavirus that China bequeathed to the world, perhaps courtesy of a biological research laboratory in the Chinese city Wuhan.
The Coronavirus pandemic has shown us, the people, how wrongly the government steers our lives. While California unemployment claims surged to 879,000 as of first week of April 2020, Governor panic button Newsom is giving $75 Million to illegals; California to give cash payments to illegal 'immigrants' for Coronavirus that will cost taxpayers $75 Million. Makes sense? Where is the Californians' dissent like the one that took place in Michigan when thousands of Michiganders took to the streets to protest the governor's draconian stay-at-home order?
Do you remember President Trump's public speech which he delivered on July 6, 2017, in front of the Warsaw Uprising Monument, at Krasinski Square, in Warsaw, the capital of Poland? During the speech, President Trump argued that the future of Western freedom is at stake and called to defend Western civilization against the threats of 'terrorism and 'extremism.' Do we add to this argument 'government – federal and local – overreach'?
We need to thank our lucky stars that Donald J. Trump is president of the United States in the era of the Coronavirus crisis. Though not perfect, President Trump has been positive, reassuring and calm and collected, even though he must have had many sleepless nights. After all, he has 330 million people to protect. But he stayed steadfast and navigated well in unknown novel virus territory, listening to experts, advisers, pundits, corporation CEOs, and his own sharp instincts. We all hope that the President who was well in his process to make 'America Great Again' will be able to direct the nation into calm waters of America is as great again.
Most Americans are responsible people. They can take responsibility to return to normal life without fear and do all it takes, using much creativity, to help avoid the spread of the virus.
We must remember that when leaders amass too much power that is how we lose our country.
Acquiescing to losing liberty means, nothing is more permanent than the temporary surrender of freedom.
We pray. Image by Clker-Free-Vector-Images from Pixabay
Do we, the people, ask for something really unreasonable which is to return our freedom and liberty rights to where they belong, to each and every United States citizen?
There is a saying, sometimes God permits what He hates in order to get what He wants. Was the Coronavirus one such hate?
During the 2006 second Lebanon War, Nurit Greenger, referenced then as the "Accidental Reporter" felt compelled to become an activist. Being an 'out-of-the-box thinker, Nurit is a passionately committed advocate for Jews, Israel, the United States, and the Free World in general. From Southern California, Nurit serves as a "one-woman Hasbarah army" for Israel who believes that if you stand for nothing, you will fall for anything.
Get notification of new stories by Nurit Greenger, in your Email.
Our Time as a Free Society Has Come – The Truth Must Now Be Told
Ezekiel Emanuel Sick Mindset; Your Life In His Hands
I, Too, Have a Relationship with America
Christiane Amanpour, CNN Chief International Anchor Refuels Kristallnacht
An Upside-Down World in Which People See Everything Though a Retrograde Lens
You Do Not Need to Like Donald Trump, Vote to Save Our Republic
Adhering to National Tradition, I Will Be Voting For Donald J Trump on November 3, 2020
Beleaguered Armenian Lobby's Ethnic Bias
I Am Voting to SAVE Our Republic, Not For a Person
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No, this is not The Weavers' classic injunction to the union miners; au contraire, this is the story of a Harvard-Stanford trained venture-capitalist who sought to keep his hand upon the dollars locked up in his super-successful start-ups. And gets taxed therefor.
Come along with me, if you will (in the words of the late W. David Curtiss, Esq., from long ago and Far Above), as we follow the trail of Jeffrey T. Webber, 144 T. C. 17, filed 6/30/15, with Judge Lauber as our guide.
JT got a Cayman Island insurer to write two variable life policies on elderly relatives. Variable life means no fixed premium and no fixed benefit; the policyholder puts up cash or securities. These are investments, whose success or failure fund the policies. If the investments make money, the benefit goes up. If they lose, the policyholder stumps up enough cash to cover the mortality risk (actuarially-derived) of the insured life departing this vale of tears, and the benefit is whatever is left.
JT had a bushelbasketful of startups, a messy divorce, a couple kids (hi, Judge Holmes) and an allergy to income taxes.
If JT lets the independent investment advisors furnished by the Cayman Islanders choose the investments and keeps his hands off same, all the accretion on the accounts is tax-free to JT, and when the old folks head to the last round-up, death benefits are tax-free to JT.
JT follows the paths of many clients: his lawyer can say what he likes, and JT does what he likes.
Though a set of trusts, from Alaska to the Bahamas to Delaware, and investment managers and banks, create an illusion of independent management, JT, via trusty lawyer, pays the piper and calls the tune.
Every investment is in one of the startups wherein JT already has a substantial stake. The advisers do whatever trusty lawyer tells them to do (of course with JT's blessing on each and every act or forbearance), exchanging e-mails in which they call the biggest trust, fetchingly named "Boiler Riffle," "Jeff's Wallet." Oh, those cutesy names. And, oh those e-mails, more than 70,000 discoverable ones.
Judge Lauber decides that Skidmore deference is due Rev. Rul. 77-85, 1977-1 C.B. 12.
You remember that "Skidmore deference…is the lowest. If Mayo deference is the equivalent of 'Aye aye, sir' and salute the quarterdeck, then Skidmore is the equivalent of 'yeah, ok', ranking just above 'meh'." This is from my blogpost "The Junk Mailer Gets Trashed," 10/24/13.
And even though Rev. Rul. 77-85 had to do with annuities, and even though a USDCDC case threw it out, the Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the case for want of jurisdiction. And IRS has been telling the same story time out of mind.
If your hand is on the dollar, or the means whereby the dollar is realized, it's your money for income tax purposes.
But trusty lawyer wasn't an enabler; he didn't get more than his usual hourly rate. And relayed JT's orders to the Caymans. But he did do some due diligence, had credentials, knew the whole story, and JT didn't understand variable life insurance and its anfractuousities.
JT beats the 20% chop.
Once again we visit Form 2848, to see what it cannot do. That Steven N. Levi and Cristina Levi learn the hard way; thereby hangs the tale of 2015 T. C. Memo. 118, filed 6/29/15.
And it is a cautionary tale, both for preparers and their clients. The form doesn't solve all your problems. In fact, it can be a landmine. Read the instructions, then the Regs therein cited, and govern yourselves accordingly.
Judge Dawson: "…petitioners hired Florida attorney S to prepare their Form 1040, U.S. Individual Income Tax Return…. …petitioners executed Form 2848, Power of Attorney and Declaration of Representative, appointing Ms. M and her assistant, Misty…, as their representatives. Ms. M prepared, signed, and timely submitted petitioners' … return on their behalf, attaching thereto Form 2848, which states in relevant part: 'Acts authorized. * * * the authority does not include * * * the power to sign certain returns'." 2015 T. C. Memo. 118, at p. 2. (Names omitted).
In fact, an agent (not a power of attorney; a power of attorney is a piece of paper. An agent is one who acts by virtue of a POA) cannot sign a 1040 or other return except as set forth in Reg. 1.6012-1(a)(5).
Check out that Reg. And make sure you remember it. If you want the "good cause" exception, spell it out and file it in the right place (and attach it to the POA as well, for good measure), and get clearance as stated in the Reg, before you file the return. Ms. M may be getting The Phone Call; don't y'all get it.
Steve's and Cris' attorney appears, disappears and asked to be restored. This is done, but none of Steve nor Cris nor attorney reply to IRS's request for admissions. These track Reg. 6012-1(a)(5).
"The return of income may be made by an agent if, by reason of disease or injury, the person liable for the making of the return is unable to make it. The return may also be made by an agent if the taxpayer is unable to make the return by reason of continuous absence from the United States (including Puerto Rico as if a part of the United States) for a period of at least 60 days prior to the date prescribed by law for making the return. In addition, a return may be made by an agent if the taxpayer requests permission, in writing, of the district director for the internal revenue district in which is located the legal residence or principal place of business of the person liable for the making of the return, and such district director determines that good cause exists for permitting the return to be so made." Re. 1-6012-1(a)(5).
So the return Ms. M filed is no return at all. Even if IRS processed it, that doesn't make it a return. So nonfiling chop follows, and if underpayment of withholding or ES, that follows too.
The ongoing love affair between Tax Court and Chenery I and Chenery II (see my blogposts "Chen-Chenery," 8/21/14, "He Loves Chenery," 12/17/14, and "Chenery on the Roof," 2/4/15) hits a snag when STJ Lewis ("Oh What a Name") Carluzzo confronts Chenery meeting a SNOD.
All the cited blogposts and cases referred to therein involved abuse-of-discretion challenges to NODs after CDPs.
Today, it's a SNOD (claimed to be invalid) in Jeremy Edwin Porter & Ruth Ann Porter, Docket No. 16966-14, filed 6/29/5.
Jer & Ruth claim the SNOD is invalid, so toss their petition.
One asserted ground for invalidity is that the SNOD they got doesn't have all the pages that were found in the administrative record. So what, says STJ Lew. It says you owe $X for Year A. A SNOD need not take a prescribed form, or list every reason for assertion thereof. If it has the amount and the tax year, that's enough.
And a SNOD may be factually erroneous, but that doesn't invalidate it.
Besides, Chenery applies to abuse-of-discretion.
"While this Court has applied Chenery in reviewing notices of determination concerning collection action in collection proceedings brought under section 6330(d), we have never applied Chenery in the context of a deficiency case. It is well established that deficiency cases are reviewed de novo, and, except in limited circumstances, the Court does not look behind the notice of deficiency. In a deficiency case, the Court's 'determination as to a petitioner's tax liability must be based on the merits of the case and not any previous record developed at the administrative level.' Consequently, Chenery is inapplicable here." Order, at p. 3. (Citations omitted).
Jer & Ruth try the Administrative Procedures Act, but STJ Lew blows that one off. "To the contrary, this Court has held that the APA does not modify provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. ('[T]he APA does not limit or repeal our de novo review procedures.')….In this respect, the specific procedures that Congress has prescribed for this Court in the Internal Revenue Code may differ from the more general rules embodied in the APA." Order, at p 4. (Citations omitted).
And the IRM doesn't help Jer & Ruth, because IRS needn't follow it, and anyway it gives no rights to taxpayers.
No, I am not going to discuss recent decisions from the Supremes, that is to say, not on this blog. My personal political views are well-expressed elsewhere, so no philippics, polemics or preaching here.
It's bad so far today, and getting worse, for Mark T. Obermeyer, Docket No. 2626-15, filed 6/26/15, as STJ Lewis ("The Name That Sings in My Heart") Carluzzo bounces Mark's petition for a Rule 34(b) failure to state a claim.
Mark's upset about the 10% youth chop on his retirement fund drawdown, and his disallowed student loan interest deduction.
OK, but why should either thereof be overturned?
Well, Mark has a rant, but no reasons: "…he disagrees with the IRS determination because of: (1) in light of the Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, he needs a bailout himself; (2) alleged discrimination against conservatives and others who regularly pay their taxes; and (3) alleged IRS misconduct (a) in paying bonuses to IRS employees who failed to pay their taxes, (b) in not properly administering tax credit programs used by others, and (c) wasting money in making certain Obama Care payments." Order, at p. 1.
Mark, I feel your pain, as a certain ex-President remarked. Maybe you should run for Congress. But Tax Court is not the place to start.
And see my blogpost "Add A Zero," 6/26/15. An $8800 hit may be a lot worse for you than for some of my readers.
Judge Holmes made it clear to me at last month's US Tax Court Judicial Conference that all judges' remarks were strictly off the record.
As a responsible journalist (and even more as an attorney), I am bound by that directive. It is disappointing, as I hoped for really good blogfodder.
But there is one comment, made at a public meeting, which I believe I can quote here, without attribution of course, as it sends us all a message.
"Add a zero," said the judge.
The judge was speaking of the small-claimer, the Section 7463 Sum. Op. or the Section 7459 off-the-bencher, not precedential and certainly not headed for Circuit Court review.
This case means as much to the taxpayer-petitioner-pro se litigant as the full-dress T. C. with the last six digits omitted means to the multinational publicly-traded behemoth. If not more to the little guy or gal.
No compensation committee of the Board of Directors meets to determine their bonus, if any. And the little guy or gal, though they may be bought and sold, are not publicly-traded.
Now I'll get off the soapbox, although I've been on it before. By way of illustration of the foregoing, as my already-out-on-the-golf-course colleagues would say, see my blogpost "A Rant," 3/7/13.
So while we may wonder at the multi-year fight over a four-figure deficiency where even the pennies are not omitted, the judge got it right.
To the litigants it matters. It matters very much.
So add a zero to such as Stephanie Lynn Christie a.k.a. Stephanie Lynn Foran, Petitioner and Arthur J. Maurello f.k.a. John Foran, Intervenor, Docket No. 24515-12S, which took up four (count 'em, four) blogposts over two years, and only ended yesterday (see my blogpost "Dénouement," 6/25/15).
Not only were the legal points of intervention and summary judgment of interest to practitioners, but the two-grand-vs-four-grand deficiency tussle becomes much more real to us if we deem this dispute to be a fight over twenty grand.
I feature an ending to each of two blogposts today.
Let's take the older first, the ongoing Section 6015(b) saga of Stephanie Lynn Christie a.k.a. Stephanie Lynn Foran, Petitioner and Arthur J. Maurello f.k.a. John Foran, Intervenor, Docket No. 24515-12S, filed 6/25/15.
Steph and Arthur a.k.a John led poor Scholar John Schmittdiel, Esq., IRS' doughty trial counsel, a merry chase through intervention and apportioned intraspousal liability, but the end is that Steph gets off the hook for $4K of tax.
To reprise the tale, see my blogposts "Tax Court Admission Exam," 9/6/13, "He Passed the Exam,"1/9/14, and "Go To the Head of the Class," 3/26/14.
Now Judge Buch delivers an off-the-bencher that wraps up the whole shootin' match that took three years' time and four orders, plus Scholar John's post-graduate education.
"If a spouse has petitioned the Court for section 6015 relief, the non-requesting spouse has a right to intervene in the case under section 6015(e) (4). Corson v. Commissioner, 114 T.C. 354 (2000); Rule 325. By doing so, the Intervenor becomes a party. Tipton v. Commissioner, 127, T.C. 214, 217 (2006)." Order, at p. 3.
OK, Scholar John, you're vindicated.
But via discovery, it turns out that Steph and Arthur a.k.a John had a joint brokerage account with TD Ameritrade, whence flowed Steph's tears.
Arthur a.k.a John made a mistake when toting up the income from said account. And it was one of those finger-fehler that torpedoes the whole shebang.
Judge Buch explains: "When totaling the income from the TD Ameritrade account, Mr. Maurello made what the parties have characterized as mere mistake, understating the income by $121. Under the operation of the earned income tax credit rules, that $121 error resulted in a deficiency of over $4,000. The reason is that additional $121 of income resulted in the former couple's having 'excessive investment income' as that phrase is used in section 32(i). And the result of that is the denial of their earned income tax credit." Order, at p. 4.
Such a booboo gives rise to a thunderous exclamation, the first word of which is "Oh." The second I cannot print in a blog meant for family reading.
So while the record is unclear, everyone seems to admit the account was a joint account, meaning the item isn't Arthur a.k.a John's alone, but Steph is right in there with him.
But all is not lost for Steph. Though the Section 6015(b) separation is lost, Section 6015(c) comes to the rescue.
"Ms. Christie is eligible for relief under section 6015(c). Under section 6015(c), a divorced or separated spouse may elect to limit liability for a deficiency on a joint return to the portion of the deficiency that is allocable to her under subsection (d). The election may be filed at any time after the deficiency is asserted but not later than two years after the Secretary has begun collection activities. Sec. 6015 (c) (3) (B).
"Additionally, the electing individual: (1) must no longer be married to or must be legally separated from the individual with whom the joint return was filed; or (2) must not have been a member of the same household with the individual with whom the joint return was filed during the 12-month period before the election was filed. Sec. 6015(c) (3) (A)." Order, at pp. 5-6.
Steph and Arthur a.k.a John met the 12-month cutoff, and, while Steph knew there was a joint account, she didn't have actual knowledge (and Judge Buch stresses actual knowledge) that Arthur a.k.a John's arithmetic was dodgy.
So Judge Buch cuts the deficiency in half, giving Steph gets half and Arthur a.k.a John the rest.
Now I don't know what the famous divorce decree, which Arthur a.k.a John claims apportioned income tax liability but which Judge Halpern disregarded, said, but if the result is the same either way I wouldn't be a bit surprised.
Next is my blogpost "The Right Stough?" 6/4/15. My colleague Joel E. Miller, Esq., unconfused me this morning as a New York State Bar Association Committee meeting.
What Judge Ruwe said was "cumulative" rent, in other words rent from inception of lease to end of tax year wherein the lump-sum tax payment was made. That amount is contrasted with the "cumulative" rent for the next tax year. If next year exceeds previous year, no prepaid rent. And next year must exceed previous year if even one dollar of rent was paid next year (and clearly more was paid).
Thanks, friend Joel. I am unconfused.
See my blogpost "Even More Impressive," 1/5/15, wherein I expressed my admiration for the cursus honorum of Judge Tamara W. Ashford, when the 400 Second Street, NW, webmeister got around to posting the same.
Well, this is what a talented jurist encounters amidst the sixty-buck seekers of justice.
Robert S. Heronimus & Tracy Heronimus, Docket No. 15245-14S, filed 6/24/15.
No, not the Doc Pomus-Mort Shuman classic immortalized by Ben E. King and the Drifters (still going strong a year ago February on the Legend of the Seas).
Alas, this is the sad story of Charles D. Trainito, 2015 T.C. Sum Op. 37, filed 6/23/15.
Charlie had Type 2 diabetes, which ratted him out of the Boston Department of Environmental Health (DEH), where his job was to lift heavy manhole covers to deposit rat bait thereunder.
Charlie took a draw out of his City of Boston Retirement Account, claiming he was disabled. Six weeks thereafter, Charlie went into a diabetic coma, spent nine days in the hospital, and filed for disability.
But on the day he took the draw, was Charlie disabled?
Judge Nega says Charlie didn't prove he was. Though Charlie and his two lawyers had 300 pages of medical records describing his coma and post-coma treatment (I'll spare you the details, but Judge Nega goes through the whole list), on the day he drew, Charlie had nothing but his own testimony.
True, Section 72(t)(2)(A)(iii) gets you off the hook from the 10% youth chop if you take a draw from your retirement account while disabled, but Charlie needs more than his say-so.
"Petitioner testified at trial that, following his diagnosis with diabetes in 2005, he saw a primary care doctor twice per month until his resignation from his job with DEH in October 2010. However, despite receiving frequent treatment, petitioner did not produce any medical records relating to these visits, nor did his primary care doctor testify on his behalf. Nor did he produce any records that would corroborate his claims that he suffered from depression at any point before the distribution….
"Petitioner argues that he was disabled within the meaning of section 72(m)(7) because he suffered from diabetes, or alternatively, that he suffered from depression. However, notwithstanding the severe medical event petitioner experienced…, the relevant date we must consider is [date of distribution], because section 72(t)(2)(A)(iii) requires that the distribution be attributable to the taxpayer's being disabled. A taxpayer may not escape the 10% early withdrawal penalty by suffering a disability at just any point during the tax year; rather the disability must be present at the time the distribution is made." 2015 T. C. Sum. Op. 37, at pp. 7-8.
It's this magic moment, when you're both disabled and taking the draw, that counts.
No good, Charlie, 10% chop.
See my blogpost, "Fake Out," 12/16/14. IRS is at it again with another specimen from its cubby of happy tricks, feints and ruses.
Here's the story of Bernard Hope, Docket No. 7198-15S, filed 6/23/15, told by Ch J Michael B. ("Iron Mike") Thornton.
Bernie's petition was postmarked 3/2/15 (dates are important here, although I usually omit them).
Annexed thereto were "(1) a Letter 525, dated April 22, 2014, proposing changes to petitioner's 2012 return and attaching a Form 4549, Income Tax Examination Changes, and a Form 886-A, Explanation of Items, detailing those changes; (2) a Letter 692, dated October 6, 2014, affirming the prior proposals for 2012; (3) a Letter 525, dated October 6, 2014, proposing changes to petitioner's 2013 return and attaching a Form 4549 and a Form 886-A detailing those changes; (4) a Letter 3501, dated January 20, 2015, advising that the IRS was still reviewing information sent by petitioner regarding 2013; and (5) a Letter 692, dated February 17, 2015, affirming the prior proposals for 2013." Order, at p. 1.
So IRS plays the fake-out gambit, moving to dismiss because no SNOD. OK so far.
"Respondent [IRS] further explained that notices of deficiency for 2012 and 2013, copies of which were attached to the motion, had been issued to petitioner on March 10 and March 30, 2015, respectively." Order, at p. 1.
Well-played, IRS, drop the bomb after Bernie filed.
Responding to the motion to dismiss, Bernie claims "…that reliance had been placed on a statement in the Form 886-A accompanying the Letter 525 dated October 6, 2014, and reading as follows: 'Your time to petition the United States Tax Court will end on 03/02/2015. However you may continue to work with us to resolve your tax matter, but we cannot extend your time to petition the United States Tax Court beyond 03/02/2015.' Petitioner additionally emphasized, and attached supporting documentation corroborating, that the petition had been mailed via the United States Postal Service on March 2, 2015. Given those circumstances, petitioner maintained that respondent's attempts now to characterize the just-quoted statement as erroneous were irrelevant and disingenuous." Order, at p. 2.
Yes, Bernie, but Tax Court has limited jurisdiction, and no SNOD, no jurisdiction, no matter what misinformation, disinformation or other claptrap IRS may have fed you.
Bernie is a counter-puncher, and nails IRS with a quick left hook.
"However, review of Court records reveals that an available remedy for petitioner has been preserved. Specifically, the Court on June 15, 2015, received from petitioner a new petition for 2012 and 2013, bearing a postmark dated June 8, 2015, and thereby timely within the period prescribed by section 6213(a) or 7502, I.R.C., as to the notices of deficiency for both years. That petition was filed to commence a new case at Docket No. 15321-15S." Order, at p. 3.
Takeaway—File early, file often. If IRS gives you the wrong advice, file anyway. When they get around to sending the SNOD, file again and apply for a filing fee waiver based on earlier filing provoked by IRS misinformation. Maybe misleading info can't confer jurisdiction, but it could save you sixty bucks, maybe. I can't tell if Bernie asked for a waiver for Petition No. 2, but it's worth a shot.


Aaron Mooy's double fired Huddersfield to a pulsating 4-1 win at Watford and only their second away win of the season.
Elias Kachunga and Mooy put Huddersfield two goals to the good at Vicarage Road before Troy Deeney was sent off for a dangerous lunge on Colin Quaner.
Laurent Depoitre added a third for the visitors shortly after half-time only for Watford to threaten a comeback when Huddersfield's Jonathan Hogg was shown a second yellow card and Abdoulaye Doucoure reduced the deficit with a sweet half-volley.
Doucoure, however, then turned villain by fouling Depoitre in the box late on and Mooy banged in his second, Huddersfield's fourth, from the penalty spot to cap a thrilling victory.


Documents can get pretty long. Bookmarks let you link to a particular location inside a Google Docs file, making it easier to jump back to (or direct someone else to) a particular section. Here's how you can bookmark specific locations in Google Docs.
Inserting a bookmark into your file is like creating a link that jumps directly to a point in your document. Bookmarks are only visible when viewing the document on your computer and won't show if you print it out.
To create a bookmark in a specific location of a Google Docs file, highlight (or place the insertion point at) the desired location. Open the "Insert" menu and then click the "Bookmark" command.
Right-click "Link" and select "Copy Link Address" to copy the link to your clipboard.
You can do anything with this link that you'd typically do with a URL: send it to someone, add it to your favorites, insert it in another page or document, or even use it to create a table of contents. When used, the URL will direct you to that exact part of your document.
If you no longer want the bookmark link in your document, click the blue ribbon and then click "Remove" to delete the link.
If you'd like to add more than one bookmark, repeat the steps from above to generate links to different parts of your document.
Bonus: You can also bookmark a particular slide in Google Slides. Click the specific slide and then copy the URL from the address bar. Each slide has a unique URL.
Adding bookmarks is a simple way to navigate a large file and link to specific sections of a document. This is much more manageable than starting from the beginning every time and having to scroll through the whole thing.


text:
Kim Kardashian Speaks out About Pete Davidson Following Their Breakup
Kim Kardashian has nothing but nice things to say about Pete Davidson about a month after their breakup. The reality star made the cover of Interview Magazine this week and she had a featured chat with its editor-in-chief Mel Ottenberg. did not answer directly about Davidson's infamous "BDE," but she did speak highly of him.
"He's a cutie. He's literally such a good person, they don't really make them like him anymore. I'm excited for what he has coming up," she said. She did not say much more about the breakup except to hint that she is not in a rush to find her next romance. When asked what she wants most in life right now, she said: "Maybe a little bit more sleep? Maybe kids that I don't have to f-ing bribe with Pokémon cards. Just ridiculous things. I don't know. Time?"
Kardashian dated Davidson from November of 2021 to August of 2022, but the whole relationship was pretty light-hearted. Their fling followed Kardashian's divorce from Kanye "Ye" West, and some fans had mixed feelings on this "rebound." Some were also put off by their age difference – Kardashian is 41 years old while Davidson is 28 years old.
No one was more disapproving than Ye himself. He was very outspoken about their romance on social media over the last year, and he has continued to hurl insults at Davidson since the breakup. According to a report by Us Weekly, Davidson sought mental health treatment to deal with the stress of the bullying and publicity fallout.
"Ask Pete how those tattoos of my kids doing in the trauma unit," WYe wrote last week in a now-deleted Instagram post.
Still, insiders told Us Weekly that things are good between Kardashian and Davidson themselves. A source close to them said that they broke up mostly because of their "busy schedules," and that they still hope to "remain friends." They said: "There truly wasn't drama between them when they decided to separate. It was something they talked through; it wasn't a sudden breakup."
The insider added that this breakup was "upsetting for both of them, but it is what it is." So far, Kardashian hasn't commented publicly on Ye's posts about Davidson, and Davidson remains absent from social media. Fans are eager to hear his thoughts on this breakup in the months to come.
Adele Could Get One Step Closer To An 'EGOT' This Weekend
John Legend Reveals What Caused a "Strain" in His Friendship With Ye


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30 Interesting And Fascinating Facts About The Logan Movie
Logan is a 2017 American superhero movie, produced by Marvel Entertainment, TSG Entertainment and The Donners' Company, and distributed by 20th Century Fox. It's the tenth installment in the X-Men movie series, as well as the third and final Wolverine solo movie following X-Men Origins: Wolverine and The Wolverine. Take a look below for 30 more interesting and fascinating facts about Logan.
1. The movie, which takes inspiration from "Old Man Logan" by Mark Millar and Steve McNiven, follows an aged Wolverine and an extremely sick Professor X as they defend a young mutant named Laura from the villainous Reavers and Alkali-Transigen, bed by Donald Pierce and Zander Rice, respectively.
2. The movie is directed by James Mangold, who co-wrote the screenplay with Michael Green and Scott Frank, from a story by James Mangold.
3. The movie stars Hugh Jackman, Patrick Stewart, Boyd Holbrook, Stephen Merchant, Richard E. Grant, and Dafne Keen.
4. The locations used for Logan were mainly in Louisiana, New Mexico and Mississippi.
5. Logan became one of the best reviewed movies in the X-Men series, with some critics calling it one of the greatest superhero movies of all time.
6. It was chosen by the National Board of Review as one of the top ten movies of 2017.
7. The movie was nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 90th Academy Awards, becoming the first live action superhero movie to earn an Academy Award nomination in a screenplay category.
8. Logan grossed over $619 million worldwide, making it the fourth highest grossing R rated move ever, behind Deadpool, The Matrix Reloaded and It.
9. Patrick Stewart lost 21 pounds to play Charles Xavier as elderly and sick. Stewart claimed that he had a steady weight since he was a teenager and had never deliberately lost weight before. Hugh Jackman genuinely held Stewart in all the scenes of Wolverine carrying Professor X.
10. James Mangold stated that the movie is set in 2029 to avoid any conflict with the time line established in X-Men: Days of Future Past, but that his goal was to make a stand alone movie, that was not bound to continuing previous storylines, or setting up sequels.
11. When Laura and Charles are watching Shane, Charles mentions remembering seeing the movie as a child in his hometown. This was entirely improvised by Sir Patrick Stewart, because Shane was one of the first memories he had at the theater as a child.
12. Director James Mangold was so impressed by the commitments of Laura's stunt double Rissa Kilar, that he decided to get her a role in the movie. She was later cast in the role of mutant "Pine Cone Girl."
13. When Charles Xavier suffers from his seizures, Hugh Jackman didn't act as if he was being pushed away. Instead, he was held back by a ripe pulled by two men in order to give a more realistic portrayal of being restrained.
14. Hugh Jackman stated in an interview that the only way he would reprise his role is if a crossover between Deadpool and Wolverine would happen.
15. Dafne Keen was 11 years old at the time of filming, and so was not allowed inside the casino, even with all the correct shooting permits. Therefore, some shots were done with Keen on a green screen, and some scenes were shot in the actual casino with Keen's body double Cheramie Martin, who's over 18, but of a similar build to Keen.
16. The Samurai sword presented to Logan in The Wolverine can be seen in the smelting mill where Logan and Charles are hiding.
17. Hugh Jackman said that Logan was the hardest Wolverine movie for which he had ever trained.
18. According to one of the files attained from the lab, one of the children was the specimen derived from Christopher Bradley, a former cohort of Logan's from X-Men Origins: Wolverine under the alias "Bolt," which explains the child's ability to summon and manipulate electricity.
19. Throughout all his portrayals of Logan, Hugh Jackman stated that he learned his American accent from copying Johnny Depp.
20. Professor Xavier's psionic blast was done by shooting shaky footage and then re-stabilizing the frame in post production. The resulting footage contained strange motion blurs with smearing effects, which is both organic and unusual. The team shot the sequences slightly wider than was needed so that the shots could be blown up to hide the edges of the stabilizing effect.
21. James Mangold said that the movie has a more "human" feel, relying very little on CGI and green screens.
22. Patrick Stewart claimed that a lot of the dialogue at the dinner table scene, in which Logan and Charles Xavier tell the family about the school of mutant, was improvised by the actors at the request of director James Mangold, after having filmed takes of scripted dialogue.
23. One of the children in Eden is Rictor from the comics, who had the ability to release seismic energy through his fingertips. In this iteration, Rictor was created using the DNA of Dominik Petrakis, known as Avalanche in the comics.
24. Logan is the first Wolverine movie where Patrick Stewart plays a major credited role. His appearances in the previous Wolverine movies were brief, uncredited cameos.
25. The boots that Logan puts on in the hotel room as "Wolverine 1,000 mile" boots.
26. Cliff Martinez was originally the composer, but withdrew after six months of work at the end of 2016. His replacement, Marco Beltrami had only about six weeks to produce his replacement score.
27. Logan smiles only three times in the entire movie.
28. The red band trailer was actually an unofficially released trailer, with the added bonus of a grainy clip of Wolverine stabbing a man in the head. The grainy clip was a small clip that was still being rendered, with no polished and fully rendered CGI.
29. Though Laura maintains a stern demeanor throughout the movie, actress Dafne Keen had to shoot her fight scenes across several takes because she was having a bit too much fun.
30. Laura has claws. If her body is infused with the same metal, adamantium, as Logan, she would never get any bigger as the metal wouldn't allow her bones to grow and develop.
boyd bolbrookdafne keenhugh jackmanjames mangoldloganmark millermarvelmichael greenpatrick stewartrichard e. grantscott frankstephen merchantsteve mcnivenwolverine
30 Interesting And Fascinating Facts About The Avengers Movie
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Copyright © 2019 Tons Of Facts. All Rights Reserved.


Although not a condition that endangers the child's life, head lice infestation should be taken seriously into consideration. Although there are some products that promise miraculous results, things do not work so easily in reality. Today you'll learn how to get rid of lice, what works and what does not.
Itching is the most common symptom of lice infestation and is caused by an allergic reaction to the insect saliva that bites the skin to feed.
The itching may not occur immediately after lice infestation – it may take weeks or even months until the unbearable itching occurs.
What remedies work and which don't?
Some say that the lice suffocate and die when in contact with olive oil. For best results, apply the oil to the hair before bed and let it act overnight by covering your hair with a shower cap. Olive oil also helps remove lice eggs on the hair.
If you dry the hair using the hot air jet lice eggs will die. Scientific method is not really proven, but there is a study according to which 98% of lice eggs and 55% of lice die in contact with hot air.
You can't get rid of lice if you dive into the tub or even pool- lice survive in the water for hours and are not affected by chlorine in the pool water.
Some say that hair gel or other hairstyling products suffocate the lice, but there is no study to prove it. Ammonia in hair dyes doesn't do wonders, as many women who rush to the hairdresser hoping to burn the "enemies" think.
Although it doesn't kill the lice eggs, these lotions are effective in removing lice. Almost 80% of those who used such lotions managed to get rid of lice after the second use of the product. Once applied, let the lotion act for 10 minutes.
It would work, they say, on the same principle with olive oil. Fat in mayonnaise would suffocate the lice. However, there is no sufficient evidence that this would be an effective remedy.
Dishwashing soap doesn't kill the lice! It helps degreasing the hair burdened by mayonnaise, olive oil and styling products that desperate mothers apply on children's hair in order to remove lice.
Some mothers say that vinegar dissolves the glue that the lice female uses to lay its eggs and stick them to the hair. The acetic acid in vinegar doesn't kill the lice, but it is useful when using those special lice removal hair combs.
Natural medicine adherents swear that oregano oil helps get rid of lice. This is a very good antioxidant, which has outstanding antiseptic, antibacterial, antiviral, anti-fungal and anti-inflammatory effect. Oregano oil prevents infection and quickly recovers irritated skin by lice saliva.
All treatment attempts are doomed to failure in the absence of rigorous hygiene – if your child has lice, most likely the whole family is infested – all sheets, towels, hats, and clothing items should be washed daily at high temperature and ironed, because lice can survive at least one single round inside the washing machine.
Once removed off the hair, lice eggs must be crushed because they can survive up to three days on pillows or clothing items and they can be carried back on the hair.
Lice reinfection is higher among little girls who have long hair and can "borrow" lice faster from other children they come into contact.


Our pilots and maintenance technicians meet all standards set forth by the United States' Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).
EJME adheres to FAA regulations that establish the safety, maintenance, and operations standards for all our flight services. Further, EJME adheres to all applicable international flight safety standards.
You can travel in total comfort and confidence with Executive Jet Middle East.


Adrianna and Grandpa Rigney416 viewsAdrianna and Grandpa Rigney at Adrianna's 3rd Birthday party in Cincinnati, Ohio.
Grandpa Rigney and his tractor319 viewsGrandpa Rigney sitting on his tractor in Georogetown, Ky.
Adrianna at Grandma and Grandpa Rigney's332 viewsAdrianna is putting her doll to bed on the bench swing.
Adrianna with Grtandma Rigney in Georgetown, Ky346 viewsFurture farmer of America! Adrianna loved helping out in the garden.
Adrianna and grandma Rigney in the garden301 viewsAdrianna could be outside in the garden all day long.
Adrianna and Grandpa Rigney308 viewsAdrianna and Grandpa Rigney taking a break from gardening.
Adrianna and Grandma Rigney277 viewsAdrianna is picking some home grown tomatoes from Grandma and Grandpa's garden.
Adrianna in the garden360 viewsAdrianna picked a tomato.
Adrianna at Grandma and Grandpa Rigney's313 viewsAfter a hard day in the garden Adrianna likes to relax with her stuffed animals.
Adrianna at Grandma and Grandpa Rigney's290 viewsAdrianna's favorite stuffed animal "Raw" she named it herself.
Adrianna at Grandma and Grandpa Rigney's314 viewsAdrianna is getting ready to play in some water.
Adrianna at Grandma and Grandpa Rigney's294 viewsIt is a very full bassinet.
Adrianna at Grandma and Grandpa Rigney's274 viewsThe cake!
Adrianna at Grandma and Grandpa Rigney's284 viewsOne, two, three make a wish!


Thank you for visiting my profile. I'm 37 years old, single, and I have a 7-year-old very cute daughter.I love her very much. I am not perfect and I am not searching a perfect man to marry. A man who knows what is the meaning of commitment is what I am looking for. I hope I will find him here.
I worked in Hong Kong for 4 years and was able to send my siblings to school. Now that I am back in the Philippines I decided to finish my education. I am going to graduate this coming March 2017. So I decided to open myself now to mingle and hopefully will find that true love.
I eat healthy food and I do yoga during weekends. I enjoy walking and appreciate the beautiful creation called nature. I am not into sports, prefer to watch than to participate, except for board games like chess, scrabble, etc. I am not into drugs (never have been), don't smoke and drink but I appreciate a glass of wine. I am not religious but I always do what is right and I also pray. I am a homebody but also enjoys going out with that special someone. Hope we can find what we deserve.


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Q: I can't display the items from the API in react App I'm trying to fetch data from API in react but I can't display the data on the page
It appears in the console but I couldn't display it on the page
import React from 'react';
import './App.css';

function App() {

 const [data, setData] = React.useState([]);

 const getData = async()=>{
  await fetch(`https://629e71fe3dda090f3c19d701.mockapi.io/v1/meals`,{method:"GET"})
  .then((res) =>  res.json())
    .then((response) => console.log(response));
 }

 React.useEffect(() => {
  getData()}, []);

  return (

{data.map((item)=>(
{item.name}
))}

{data.map((item)=>({item.image}))}

  )

}

export default App;

A: You aren't setting the data inside the component

A: Instead of console.log the result of the request, try to set the state using your function setData
const getData = async()=>{
  await fetch(`https://629e71fe3dda090f3c19d701.mockapi.io/v1/meals`,{method:"GET"})
  .then((res) =>  res.json())
    .then((response) => setData(response));
 }

A: You have to set data in fetch response, your useEffect() hook doesn't work here.
Check it:
https://pastebin.com/btZB2fyB

A: The first problem is that when you fetched the data from the API you didn't store the response inside setData();
The second problem is that you are mapping the data incorrectly, you should add the item name and item image in the same div element.
And lastly you are using the image tag incorrectly
import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
import './App.css';

function App() {

    const [data, setData] = useState([]);

    const getData = async () => {
        await fetch(`https://629e71fe3dda090f3c19d701.mockapi.io/v1/meals`,{method:"GET"})
        .then((res) =>  res.json())
        .then((response) => setData(response));
    }

    useEffect(() => {
        getData();
    }, [])

    return (

                    {
                        data.map((item, key) => {
                            return (

{item.name}

<img src={item.image} alt={`Image of ${item.name}`}  />

                            )
                        })
                    }

    )
}

export default App

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Final Projection (11/3): GOP Takes 54 Seats in Senate
Save for any unforeseen developments, FDL Review predicts that the Republicans will keep control of the United States Senate in 2018. The GOP will have 54 seats compared to 46 for the Democrats, based on our projections.
We rate Nevada, Arizona, Missouri, Tennessee, and Indiana as "lean" Republican states, based on polls, early voting returns, and past voting trends. Texas and North Dakota are "likely" Republican, and Utah, Wyoming, and Nebraska are "solid" Republican. Florida, Ohio, West Virginia, Montana, and Michigan "lean" Democratic, although all five races are tightening in favor of the GOP.
Our model is to avoid "toss-up" classifications, for they indicate an incapable, indecisive forecaster, but Montana and Florida could be reasonably indicated as toss-ups.
Rick Scott, the Republican in Florida, has held a tiny lead in a few recent polls, but we rated the race "lean" Democratic due to the small (yet relatively consistent) leads exhibited by Democrat incumbent Bill Nelson. In Montana, there have been a dearth of polls, but not one has shown incumbent Democrat Joe Tester behind Republican challenger Matt Rosendale.
Tennessee and Texas have tightened in favor of the Democrats, but it is apparent that the Republicans still hold a decent advantage.
In "lean" Republican Arizona, Democrat Krysten Sinema has seen her lead in favorable polls crumble. McSally has gained in ABC 15's polling, where she is now ahead by seven points; Siena polling created in collaboration with The New York Times has her up two.
Sinema's deragatory comments about Arizona, such as saying that the state is a "meth lab" and "crazy," along with her statement that she would be ambivalent about an American joining the Taliban, will not help her prospects.
Additionally, undercover videos by Project Veritas have uncovered "multiple staffers talk about how Sinema is running a moderate, centrist campaign to get elected but actually holds more left-leaning, progressive views," according to AZCentral. This is consistent with Sinema's past as a Green Party-aligned antiwar protester.
In Nevada, incumbent Republican Dean Heller has held his ground. Four recent polls, conducted by Gravis, CNN, Siena, and Emerson and compiled by RealClearPolitics, speak for the state of the race.
Emerson has Heller up seven and Siena has him at +2, while Gravis and CNN have him down two and three, respectively. However, Gravis had Heller down by two in September too, and CNN had him down four. The trend lines are positive for Heller even amid the fact that "[p]olls tend to overstate Democratic performance in Nevada," per analysis by RCP.
Therefore, our ranking for Nevada is "lean" Republican.
Missouri is also a tight race, but Republican nominee Josh Hawley, the state attorney general, has benefited from several visits from President Donald Trump. Additionally, incumbent Democrat Claire McCaskill put herself in a perilous position by voting against the confirmation of Justice Brett Kavanaugh.
Polling is sparse and tight, but it is consistent with a small Hawley lead. The state trends are also on Hawley's side, as Missouri went heavily for Trump in 2016.
The races in Ohio, West Virginia, and Michigan have tightened significantly in the past week or so, but barring a major surprise that cannot be predicted with the current data, the Democratic incumbents in those states are still on the path to victory.
Here's our final map:
Created using 270ToWin.com
2018 Midterms Editorials
Labels: 2018 Midterms Editorials


Vision Inspection « DevLinks, Ltd.
high-speed. We use Fanuc Vision and Cognex Vision.
We use nationally recognized vision suppliers including FANUC Vision and Cognex Vision.
The FANUC Robotics' System R-30iA controller comes standard with iR Vision hardware. By loading the vision software option and connecting a camera directly to the main CPU board, the user can easily add a vision process to the robotic application.
Cognex vision systems are self-contained, industrial grade systems that excel in their ability to inspect product, identify rejects and guide the robot. They have a library of advanced vision tools with high-speed image acquisition and processing. Configuring and deploying Cognex systems are user-friendly and fast.


Course Description:This course offers participants a practical insight into the process of charcoal making, its history, and its connection with wildlife conservation and sustainable woodland management. Participants will be involved in all aspects of unloading and loading the charcoal kiln – learning all the techniques and tips for producing first class BBQ charcoal.
Charcoal making is an ancient rural craft closely aligned with the industry of man. Charcoal was once a vital component in the smelting and working of metal and has been practised in Britain since circa 2000 BC. More recently, charcoal has been utilized as an effective fuel for BBQ making. An increased awareness of the negative impacts of some imported charcoal, alongside the known conservation benefits of coppicing and traditional woodland management, have meant that an English charcoal industry is beginning to re-emerge. Local charcoal making has therefore seen a surge in popularity, particularly amongst conservation groups. To finish the day we will be testing our product with an optional BBQ – bring your own food to test the quality of our product!
Instructor:Our instructor for the charcoal making course is Alex Arthur from Chew Valley charcoal. Alex is an expert in the management of woodlands and the charcoal making process having been involved in the craft for over 10 years. He is well known in the woodworking and woodland management industry for his knowledge and expertise and runs regular courses in charcoal making, coppicing and other woodland management skills.


Patrick Herning is a leading executive in brand marketing and influencer engagement, and co-founder and CEO of 11 Honoré, the first size-inclusive shopping site to offer women luxury fashion straight from the runway. His impressive background spans from business development during the initial tech boom of Silicon Valley to fashion, lifestyle and philanthropic clients, projects and major marketing initiatives throughout the country. Patrick was one of the first 50 employees at Cybersource in Silicon Valley responsible for business development for their partner channels. After the company he helped build and grow IPO'd, he held two other business development positions at leading technology companies in Silicon Valley, ultimately culminating in VeriSign's Payment Services division acquisition to PayPal. From there he relocated to Los Angeles where he formed Fathom Event Strategy, a marketing and communications agency, which was eventually acquired by global communications agency HL Group. After leading business development efforts on the West Coast at HL Group for 5 years, Patrick combined his vast experience, talent for business development and extensive client and influencer relationships to form PMH partners, before teaming up with co-founder Kathryn Retzer to start 11 Honoré.


text:
Eva Amsen
writer and science communicator
Communities & events
Over the years, my writing has appeared in a number of publications. These include Nature, Nautilus, The Scientist, Undark, PNAS, Spacing Magazine, Hakai, the Forbes.com website, BOLD blog and various other places. You can also find some of my older writing in the books The Open Laboratory (2009) and The Best Science Writing Online (2012).
More recently, I won the ABSW Award for Opinion Piece or Editorial of the Year 2020, and received a Falling Walls and Berlin Science Week journalism grant that same year.
I've included an occasionally updated selection of my articles below. This list covers topics in genetics, health, citizen science, education, and the overlap of science and the arts. But if you want to read even more, please visit my Muckrack or Contently profiles, or browse this very long list of almost everything. And finally, if you want to keep up with new writing, please subscribe to my newsletter or follow me on Twitter to get the latest updates.
Remote education inspires new ways to teach chemistry lab courses – C&EN
George Washington Carver was an artist long before he became a peanut scientist – Forbes.com
Genetic Medicine Is Poised to Create New Inequality. Here's How to Fix It. – Undark (2020 ABSW Award in Opinion/Editorial)
How MC Hammer And Other Performing Artists Are Sharing Their Love Of Science – Forbes.com
Researchers embrace fashion to show off science concepts – PNAS
What does a coronavirus look like? – Forbes.com
Communicating science at a music festival — with 135,000 attendees – Nature
High School Students Do Better In Science, Math And English If They Also Take Music Lessons – Forbes.com
Life After Sequencing – The Scientist
Whatever Happened to Francis Crick? – Popular Science
Glacier lessons as a glacier lessens – Hakai
Wildlife education with Pokemon Go – BOLD
How we got from Doc Brown to Walter White – Nautilus
A Graphic Design Revolution For Scientific Conference Posters – Forbes.com
Can songs help students learn? – BOLD
Mosquitoes Don't Like Skrillex, But Listening To His Music Isn't Enough To Keep Them Away – Forbes.com
A composer among chemists – Lateral Magazine
Bioengineers and Designers Bring 3-D-Printed Organs One Step Closer – Forbes.com
A note on journalism and content writing
The sample articles above are mostly journalistic pieces, but some of my science writing is content writing for clients. You can see some examples of this sort of work on the science communication page, and it even overlaps with community management (for example through writing social media posts).
These content pieces will sometimes (but not always) have my name on them, and they're written to serve a particular purpose. This could be a sponsored article in a publication, or content for a client's website. To make the difference clear, this long list of my writing includes both journalism and content/explanatory pieces, and explains the different categories.
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