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Buy Me A Coffee :D
Actor and Site Update!
The weather here has been spectacular, in the 80s all week...I'm loving it. I'll find myself staring at the gorgeous mountain backdrop to the left of my work area...talk about distraction.
I finished the Serenity project and will try to finish the Rancor illustration in the next week or so.
On to the update...
~~Brian Blessed (Boss Nass - PT) will narrate the new expansion for the Rome: Total Wars video game, the expansion's called Alexander. Should be released later this year.
~~Samuel L. Jackson (Mace Windu - PT) In addition to the eagerly awaited, already-of-cult-status Snakes on a Plane Jackson will appear in 1408, Black Snake Moan, Home of the Brave, Resurrecting the Champ and of course "Farce" Farce of the Penguins.Proving once more that he's still the most prolific film superstar out there.
~~Michael Kingma. (General Tarfful - ROTS) Former NBL player and Wookiee, will be playing for the QABL (Queensland Australian Basketball League) in the upcoming season. He's spent the last 2 years playing in Europe and represented the Dutch National Team in 2005.
~~John Lithgow (voice of Yoda in ROTJ Radio Drama) has been cast as a ruthless Hollywood director in the upcoming film version of the Broadway hit Dreamgirls. The film is set for a Christmas 2006 release.
~~Patty Maloney (Lumpy - SWHS) recently had a role on the hit series My Name is Earl in the episode Teacher Earl. Besides her one-woman show we've not seen too much of Ms. Maloney...cool to see here there.
~~Natalie Portman (Padmé Amidala - PT) starred in two Japanese Lux (shampoo) commercials. If you haven't seen them check them out.
~~Rachel Reenstra (Aayla Secura in Battlefront II and voice work for Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds and Star Wars: X-Wing Alliance) has been chosen to host the upcoming Animal Planet series Ms. Adventure which follows Ms. Reenstra around the animal world searching for clue to human behavior.See her winning audition tape here
~~David Warner (Grand Gen. Brashin - Star Wars: Force Commander) will star as a corrupt priest in and ITV (UK) production called Perfect Parents. it's a thriller about a couple who pretend to be Catholic to get their daughter into a good school...of course it all unravels. It will air in 2007 on ITV in the UK.
~~CORRECTION:Christopher Lee (Count Dooku - PT) Has voiced the character Diz in the Kingdom Hearts II video game not Kingdom of Hearts. (Thanks to John at Obroa-Skai for pointing that out)
~~Updates to existing actors in the
STAR WARS ACTORS DATABASE
Brian Blessed (update - Video Games)
Pam Hyatt (update - Film; Theatre)
Christopher Lee (correction: Video Games name; Awards: Jules Verne Adventure Film Festival)
Pip Miller (update - Theatre)
Rachel Reenstra (update - TV; Commercials)
~~Newly added actors:
None this week, but there will be more soon!
~~Actor Connections
STAR WARS ACTOR CONNECTIONSNone this week!
~~References
Main PageFilm A-C
The Benchwarmers (Thanks to Michelle1968!) includes a couple of pics.
TV S-Z
That 70s Show #16 (Thanks to Angel Songco Jr.!)
~~LMangue's Art
Finished Serenity artwork
Posted by Nerf-Herders Anonymous & Nerf-Herders Anonymous at Monday, April 10, 2006 1 comment: Links to this post
Blog and Site update!
Another quickie but a lot of news! Work is stretching me a bit for other updates to the blog. Thanks for stopping by!LM
Obba Babatundé (voice of Lando Calrissian - Star Wars Rogue Squadron III: Rebel Strike; Star Wars: Galactic Battlegrounds) will reprise his role as Billy Flynn in the Musical Chicago starting on April 19, 2006 at the Ambassador Theatre in New York City (Broadway). Babatundé created the role in the National touring company of the production in 1997. For more info go to chicagothemusical.com.
Ed Begley Jr. (Boba Fett - ROTJ Radio Drama) will reprise his role in a production of Romance at the Skirball Cultural Center in Los Angeles. He plays the attorney in the play that is put on by LA Theatre Works which was the production company that made the Star Wars radio dramas. The play starts on April 5, 2006.
Richard Bonehill (Various characters - OT) came in 6th at the National (Fencing) Championships in Men's Sabre, 25th in Men's Foil, 24th in Men's Epee and 3rd at Men's Champion at Arms.
Mark Capri (Warrant Officer M'Kae - ESB) is voicing a character for a TV program/series with Loni Anderson and Tori Spelling called, Notorious. He will voice the father of Tori Spelling.The show is about Tori, in a way, it is based on her life except with more unusual twists - it's a comedy. Capri voices Tori's father, in a sort of "Charlie's Angels" Charlie sort of way, so you'll only hear him but never see him.
Also, here's a review of Sherlock Holmes: The Final Adventure in which Capri currently stars as Sherlock Holmes.
Diahann Carroll (Holographic Wow in SWHS) will be a keynote speaker at the Regards to Broadway luncheon at the Breakers in Palm Beach, FL, sponsored by the JFK Medical Center Foundation on Tuesday April 4, 2006.
Oliver Ford Davies (Sio Bibble - PT) was cast as the lead in the stage production Larkin With Women at the Orange Tree Theatre in London (Richmond), UK. Davies played the famous post-war writer, Philip Larkin. The play is about the writer, Larkin, and the three women who dominated his life for 30 years.The play opened on March 29, 2006 for a single performance.
Here's a review.
Nash Edgerton (double for Obi-Wan/Ewan McGregor - PT) is featured in the March/April issue of RES Magazine as a creator (film) to watch this year and in years to come.
Joel Edgerton (Owen Lars - PT) Kinky Boots, one of Edgerton's latest films, just received the audience choice award at the Bermuda International Film Festival on Saturday March 25, 2006. Note: for Serenity fans...Chiwetel Ejiofor, who plays The Operative in Serenity, stars as a drag queen in Kinky Boots...talk about a departure!! wow.
Carrie Fisher (Princess Leia - OT) An AskMen.com poll put Carrie Fisher (as The Mystery Woman in The Blues Brothers, 1980) as the 9th deadliest screen vixen with the line, "For me, for my mother, my grandfather, my father, my uncle and for the common good, I must now kill you, and your brother"
Peter Michael Goetz (General Madine - ROTJ radio drama) is currently starring as Polonius in Hamlet at the Guthrie Theatre in Minneapolis, MN.
Harrison Ford (Han Solo - OT) received the Tower Award from the Russian Nights Festival (in Los Angeles) this week for his contribution to world culture.
Samuel L. Jackson (Mace Windu - PT) will be narrating a spoof on the Oscar-winning documentary March of the Penguins called Farce the film is set for a late summer release.
Dennis Lawson (Wedge - OT) has been nominated for a BAFTA (British Oscar) for Best Actor as John Jarndyce in BBC's Bleak House which played last year (2005) to much acclaim. Note: X-Files fans will be glad to hear that Gillian Anderson garnered a nomination for Best Actress for this series as well.
Christopher Lee (Count Dooku - PT) Has voiced the character Diz in the Kingdom of Hearts video game.
Bai Ling (Senator Bana Breamu (deleted scenes) - ROTS) is going to write a book on her experiences as a soldier and performer in the People's Liberation Army in Tibet. No release date has been given for the publication.
Ian McDiarmid (Palpatine - OT/PT). Remember, only three weeks until McDiarmid's appearance as Burghley on HBO's Elizabeth I on April 22!
Pip Miller (Star Destroyer Captain #1 -Captain (hologram on left) who's Star Destroyer gets hit by an asteroid - ROTJ) is starring in The Goat, or Who is Sylvia? at the Seymour Centre in Sydney Australia. This play opens on Wednesday April 5, 2006.The play was highly controversial when it was initially released in 2002 in New York for it's very taboo content.
Ethan Phillips (voices several characters in KOTOR, Galactic Battlegrounds and Force Commander) has joined the cast of Transformers: The Movie. Steven Spielberg is producing this film and Michael Bay is directing. No other cast has been announced but the film is scheduled for release in 2007.
Kevin Pollak (voice characterizations in Ewoks TV series) received a career achievement award from the Method Fest Film Festival 2006 this week, the festival is held in Calabasas, CA each year.
Natalie Portman (Padmé Amidala - PT) her film Free Zone is being released (wide) this month, April 2006. Previously the film was in limited released in mid December of last year and made it's debut at the Chicago International Film Festival last October. Good timing with V for Vendetta out.
Obba Babatundé (update - Theatre)
Ed Begley, Jr. (update - Theatre)
Mark Capri (update - TV)
Diahann Carroll (update - Live Performances)
Nash Edgerton (update - Miscellany)
Harrison Ford (update - Awards: Russian Nights Festival)
Peter House (update - bio pic) (Thanks to Convention-Guests!)
Dennis Lawson (update - Awards: BAFTA nom)
Christopher Lee (update - Video Games)
Jason Marsden (update - Film; TV; Video Games)
Ethan Phillips (update - Film; TV)
Kevin Pollack (update - Awards: Method Fest)
Dave Bowers (Mas Amedda AOTC/ROTS) - Wattographs is holding a private signing for Dave Bowers until April 7, 2006. You can have personal items signed or get one of the photographs of him as Mas Amedda signed. Deadline for items received is April 7!
Newly added actors:
Phil Harvey (Thanks to Convention-Guests!)
Actor Connections
STAR WARS ACTOR CONNECTIONS
None this week!
BOOKS D-F
Death Gate Novel: The Seventh Gate
BOOKS G-J
Goosebumps: Choose Your Own Adventure: Zapped in Space
COMICS/COMIC STRIPS
Shortpacked (Thanks to John at Obroa-Skai!) 3/24 - 3/27
Thanks to John at Obroa-Skai for the following:
Penny Arcade 3/29/06
Shortpacked 3/31/06
Life - Computers/Software:
Sudoku Susser (Thanks to John at Obroa-Skai!)
TV2Distraction #3, #4 (Thanks to John at Obroa-Skai!)
LMangue's Art
New sketch
You know the drill...enjoy!!
2 comments digested to 1
Nerf-Herders Anonymous
ADDITIONS & SUBMISSIONS
Nerf-Herders Anonymous - Home
SWAD - Star Wars Actors Database
The NHA Story
Star Wars References in Film
Film Refs A-C
Film Refs D-F
Film Refs G-J
Film Refs K-Q
Film Refs R-Z
Reverse References
Star Wars References in TV
TV Refs A-C
TV Refs D-F
TV Refs G-J
TV Refs K-Q
TV Refs R-Z
Like what you see? :D
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I've been playing around some more with SQL 2012 and I discovered another nice little improvement. This isn't anything huge, but rather a nice little touch that makes my life as a DBA a little bit easier.
That just tells you that the job ran. You had to actually open the email and see if SQL reported failure or success.
To me, that's a huge quality of life improvement. Now it's really easy to see if a job failed or succeeded. It's also very easy to write automatic routing rules in your email client to route the messages appropriately. It also can make things less confusing for end users. Sometimes another member of the IT team will be updating some software during a maintenance window and they want a backup of the database made before they start. In this case, I would often schedule a backup job at the start of the maintenance window and have SQL send an email to the person doing the upgrade when it completed. When they got this email, they were OK to start the update. That enabled me to stay out of the process (which is nice when the maintenance window starts at 1 AM). But the problem is I would have to make sure to tell them that subject line just says the job completed and they would need to open the email to see if it actually succeeded or failed. Now, they can just read the subject line.


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Main Features Manual Gallery Donate Download Contact
» Main » Manual » Search Tabs
Search across tabs
Showcase has the capability to filter it's thumbnails by using a find bar, allowing the discovery of tabs that contain the specified sentences.
On window and tab modes, the find bar can be activated simply by typing the sentence to look for. The find bar will be shown automatically, and the thumbnails will be progressively filtered. Alternatively, the find bar may also be activated by using the "CTRL+F" keyboard shortcut.
On sidebar mode, the find bar is always shown at the top of the sidebar. The options are exactly the same as in the other modes, but will appear when pressing the "Options" button.
The first field for the find bar is the text to search. At the introduction of each character, the non-matching thumbnails will be automatically hidden, and the other ones will adapt it's size to fill as much space as possible.
The second field is the location of the search, which indicates where the specified search string will be looked for. The different possibilities are:
in Title: only thumbnails that contain the specified text in it's title will be shown.
in Location: only thumbnails that contain the specified text in it's URL will be shown.
in Content: same as before, but searching in the represented tab's content.
Anywhere: the shown thumbnails will contain the specified text in it's title, location or content.
"Invert results" will hide the thumbnails that match the search requirements, and show the rest.
If "Match case" is checked, the search will be performed in a case-sensitive way.
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December 13, 2017 16:05 ET | Source: Callidus Software, Inc.
DUBLIN, Calif., Dec. 13, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Callidus Software Inc. (NASDAQ:CALD), a global leader in cloud-based sales, marketing, learning and customer experience solutions, announced today that Pacific Union Financial selected Commissions and Thunderbridge Analytics from CallidusCloud. The agreement was completed in the fourth quarter of 2017.
Pacific Union Financial, LLC, is a nationwide residential mortgage lender headquartered in Irving, TX. Our Executive Management Team has over 100 years of combined leadership expertise with over 1,500 employees who service our clients and partners from our offices in California, North Carolina, Texas and Virginia. As a Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae direct lender, we securitize and service our own loans which enables us to offer faster turn-times, world class service and competitive products to our partners.
Pacific Union Financial, LLC continues to provide comprehensive products and competitive pricing in Wholesale, Correspondent and Retail Lending.


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Columbia Law School Announces New Davis Polk Leadership Fellowship
The inaugural Davis Polk Leadership Fellowship program provides leadership training, mentorship, and a stipend to six students.
A new fellowship that cultivates leadership and collaboration has been awarded to six students as part of Columbia Law School's recently launched Davis Polk Leadership Initiative. The recipients of the inaugural Davis Polk Leadership Fellowship each have the opportunity to launch a collaborative project designed to have a positive impact on the Law School, the profession, and the larger community. The fellows also receive a $5,000 stipend and leadership coaching and personalized mentorship from faculty and alumni.
The Davis Polk Leadership Fellowship is part of the cross-disciplinary Leadership Initiative at Columbia Law School, an initiative funded by a generous grant from Davis Polk that consists of courses and workshops, case studies, research, and professional development aimed at building leadership knowledge and skills. The initiative, launched last year, is chaired by Columbia Law School Professors Susan Sturm and Michael Gerrard and includes an intensive, interactive seminar called "Lawyer Leadership: Leading Self, Leading Others, Leading Change." The course combines academic and hands-on learning experiences and is taught jointly by Sturm, Professor Colleen Flynn Shanahan '03, and leadership coach and consultant Emily Gould.
"The Davis Polk Leadership fellows represent an extraordinary range of talents, capabilities, and interests, with a track record of leadership and a commitment to having an impact at CLS and beyond," said Sturm, who was instrumental in the conception and creation of the program.
The fellows were selected based on their demonstrated leadership experience, their commitment to civic engagement and community building, their ability to collaborate with others, and their willingness to unify diverse perspectives. The fellows receive individualized leadership coaching and support in developing a leadership-related project. They have become a faculty-supported cohort of student leaders committed to enabling other CLS students to have an impact in the world. They serve on the Leadership Development Working Group, a committee comprised of Columbia Law faculty, staff, alumni, and representatives from Davis Polk.
The inaugural recipients of the Davis Polk Leadership Fellowship are:
Meher Dev '19 LL.M., who intends to organize and conduct exercises and workshops to make the Law School and its surrounding communities more religiously and culturally inclusive and sensitive.
Ibrahim Diallo '20, who will seek to build a program connecting CLS students with taxi workers as a way to make a difference in their lives, help reshape labor law in this new economy, and support local residents.
Meg Gould '21, who hopes to develop a sustainable, interdisciplinary way for students to engage with and support current and formerly incarcerated communities in New York.
Eric Lenier Ives '19, who will work toward building reflective practice and collaboration into the caravans and expanding international moot court and comparative asylum work.
Udodilim Nnamdi '21, who will aim to increase diversity among the students pursuing careers in public international law and international human rights; and help ensure that those fields represent a diversity of viewpoints and perspectives.
Caleb King '20, who hopes to build on a collaboration between CLS students and Rikers incarcerated individuals designed to increase literacy rates, and form a supportive community and partnership between law students and communities directly affected by mass incarceration.
In addition to developing these projects, the fellows will be introduced to the Law School community at a Nov. 12 event called "Designing for Impact" to talk about the opportunity to apply for an Innovation Grant, to be launched in January, and to use a design-lab format to brainstorm about participants' project ideas and learn about possibilities for collaboration. The fellows will offer an illustration of the kinds of projects that could be supported by an innovation grant, as well as an opportunity for CLS students to join the fellows in building their projects if they align with their interests.
The initiative and the fellowship aim to use legal, interdisciplinary, and interpersonal training to prepare students for careers as lawyers leading diverse teams in pursuit of common goals. Both expand on Columbia Law School's professional development curriculum offered by the Office of Career Services and Professional Development. The Law School's offices of Student Services, Graduate Legal Studies, and Social Justice Initiatives are also part of the effort.
"These fellows will play a crucial role in the broader Law School initiative focused on preparing students to develop the skills they will need to rise to complex challenges that require vision, strategy, motivational skills, improvisation, and creativity," said Sturm.
Columbia Law School's Leadership Initiative was launched as a three-year, multi-pronged strategy to better prepare students for the demands they will face after graduation. Among the projects supported by the initiative are: spring break pro bono caravans, teaching assistant training, affinity group leadership development, workshops on building self-awareness and self-empathy, and workshops to facilitate effective transitions from law school to practice.
Graduate Legal Studies (GLS)


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Reading: Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional; A Reply to Comment...
Special Collection: Theoretical Review with Commentaries: Visual Selection
Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional; A Reply to Commentaries
Jan Theeuwes
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, NL
In this reply I react to the commentaries of my colleagues to my review article "Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional" (Theeuwes, 2018). I have organized the reply into separate sections and discuss issues that were commonly raised.
Keywords: Attention , Visual search , Cognitive Control
How to Cite: Theeuwes, J. (2018). Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional; A Reply to Commentaries. Journal of Cognition, 1(1), 21. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/joc.32
Accepted on 25 Apr 2018 Submitted on 22 Mar 2018
With great pleasure I read the commentaries of my colleagues to my review article "Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional" (Theeuwes, 2018). I would like to thank them for their excellent comments and suggestions. This kind of discussion helps the field to become more precise and accurate in using definitions and descriptions. I have organized the reply to the commentators into separate sections and addressed the issues that were commonly raised. On the basis of the commentaries, I also raise some outstanding issues for future research.
1. Defining top-down control
The most pressing concerns were raised about the way I have defined "top-down". Some authors like to use a "broad" category for top-down and suggest to label anything that is not perceptual (i.e., bottom-up) as "cognitive and top-down" (Egeth, 2018). Similarly, some claim that the term top-down should be used for anything that is influenced by "context, learning, or expectation" because this is how cognitive psychologists have traditionally described it (Gaspelin & Luck, 2018). Also, others considered my definition of top-down control to be too narrow as it focused too much on volition (Sisk, Remington & Jiang, 2018), specifically what Wolfe referred to as "moment-to-moment acts of volition" (Wolfe, 2018). Others called my definition too limited because they claimed that: (1) top-down control can occur without deliberate intent (Sisk et al., 2018); (2) top-down control can be involuntary (Gaspelin & Luck, 2018) and (3) top-down control does not need awareness (Gaspelin & Luck, 2018).
The arguments provided in the commentaries seem compelling and what would be wrong with using the broad category of top-down attention as the commentators prefer to adopt? Indeed, why not call any attentional process related to "context, learning, or expectation" top-down even when we are not aware of them, even when they occur automatically without intent and even when you cannot counteract these effects if you try? The answer is simple. If we put everything under the umbrella term top-down, the term becomes redundant. For a scientific discussion to flourish, we need precise definitions that are limited in scope. If processes are well described and defined, we can test their boundary conditions, advancing the field instead of arguing about processes that are vague and undefined and are consistent with any experimental finding.
Gaspelin and Luck argue that attentional guidance that is involuntary and unconscious could very well be top-down even if this guidance is inconsistent with the goals and task set of the observer. If we adopt such a definition, how can we distinguish these broad top-down processes and the top-down processes as I defined them in my paper (i.e., intentional, effortful and goal-directed)? It all becomes a blur in which anything that is not driven by external saliency is top-down. It brings us nowhere.
Another example to illustrate this point: Egeth referred to studies that have shown that stimuli that have been rewarded during a training phase continue to capture attention in a test phase even when they are no longer relevant for the task (Anderson, Laurent & Yantis, 2011). In his commentary, Egeth has no problem calling these effects top-down, suggesting that anything that grabs attention – even when these stimuli are not relevant for the task at hand – should be considered a top-down effect. I think this is wrong because in these reward studies as well as in the classic attentional capture studies (Theeuwes, 1991, 1992) the field (including for example Yantis and Egeth, 1999) has always provided compelling arguments that what one is looking for (i.e., top-down search goal) should be orthogonal to stimuli that have the ability to capture attention. Only then one is able to determine the contributions of these different processes.
This brings me to maybe the most crucial aspect. It would be a dead-end if selection that is inconsistent with the current goals of the observer is labeled as top-down because it is associated with "context, learning, or expectations". The fact that historically selection history has been labeled as top-down (Gaspelin & Luck) is not a convincing argument. It is absolutely crucial to fix this historical inaccuracy. Indeed, it is time to start investigating the interaction between attentional guidance that is intentional, and goal-directed, guidance related to bottom-up physical salience, and guidance related to lingering selection history biases even if these biases are the result of "context, learning, and expectations".
Clear definitions are needed and I was happy to see that other commentators agreed with my research plan. Wolfe (2018) writes "It is not a bad idea to distinguish between effects based on the top-down intentions of the searcher and those based on the selection history and we are happy to agree that priming sensibly falls into the selection history category" (p. 1). Instead of selection history, Chelazzi & Santandrea (2018) suggest the term "experience-dependent attentional control" and indicate that "experience might be so effective in inducing plasticity in the brain" (p. 1) that the effects mimic "the neural signatures of true bottom-up effects" (p. 1). Kryklywy and Todd (2018) take our notion a bit further and suggest that "long-term life history plays a crucial role in tuning attention in numerous complex ways. All of these may influence the representation of features or objects within a priority map" (p. 2).
2. Contingent capture/search goals
I need to briefly comment on contingent capture and search goals. As noted by Sisk et al. "contingent capture presumes that behavioral goals establish a set that specifies which features lead to efficient attention allocation" (p. 1). I have argued in the target paper that this can only be done as long as the goals do not change over a block of trials (Belopolsky, Schreij & Theeuwes, 2010). Sisk et al. go even a bit further and argue that according to contingent capture "attentional control settings can occur without deliberate intent" (p. 1) implying that "dormant goals spontaneously intrude into ongoing activities, suggesting that goal states are not always under volitional control". (p. 2). This is an interesting claim, yet a claim with implications that are challenging. Indeed, imagine an experiment in which a completely irrelevant red object captures attention. One can easily claim that the goal of selecting red things "spontaneously intruded into the ongoing activity". So regardless, anytime an effect is (or is not) found, it can be attributed to unobservable, unintentional changes in the goal state of the observer.
The same holds for the well-known search modes (first defined by Bacon & Egeth, 1994), which are unobservable and widely used to explain why sometimes effects are present and sometimes not. The reasoning goes like this: if in the additional singleton paradigm capture is found, observers must have used the singleton detection mode; if no capture is found, observers must have intentionally switched to the feature search. In their commentary, Gaspelin and Luck argued that these search modes are "very much like voluntary strategies" (Gaspelin & Luck, 2018; p. 3). This is very unlikely. Search modes are not voluntary strategies and even though an experiment like this still needs be done, observers apparently cannot switch at will from one mode to another. Remember that Leber and Egeth (2006) were only able to induce feature search after training observers for 480 trials with specific displays that induced such a search mode. This does not sound much like a voluntary strategy but instead seems to be a prime example of what we have called lingering biases due to history-based selection. Search modes depend on the display properties: if one has to search for a specific shape (a diamond between squares, triangle and circles) observers have to use what has been referred to as feature search. This type of search is much slower, with no or much reduced capture effects. As argued before these search modes represent nothing else than a gradual difference between parallel and (clump-wise) serial search (Theeuwes, 2004). It has nothing to do with voluntary top-down strategies, but instead it is nothing else than less efficient search induced by the display properties (Belopolsky, Zwaan, Theeuwes & Kramer, 2007).
3. Other issues
Multiple maps: In the figure of my target article, I had all signals that could bias attention acting on one priority map by means of simple linear computations (plus and minus signs). As suggested by both Chelazzi and Santandrea (2018) and Kryklywy and Todd (2018) it is feasible that there are multiple maps. I concur with the notion of multiple maps, possibly even with different context dependent weightings as suggested by Todd and Manaligod (2017). Yet, regardless how many maps exist, and what computations take place, ultimately in visual selection there has to be some form of a "master priority map" because selection depends on competition in a winner-take-all fashion. For example, this winner take-all-notion is clear when considering overt selection involving eye movements, as our eyes can only go to one location at a time. The idea brought up by Chelazzi and Santandrea that there may be different maps for different motor output systems (hands, eyes) is interesting. I agree with the commentators that studying the interaction between different priority maps, and different biases are crucial, and for that reason alone one requires the sharp definitions that I have outlined above.
Time course: In my target article, I stressed the fact that history-based selection is relatively fast, comparably fast to bottom-up selection by salient singletons. Consistent with this notion, Chelazzi and Santandrea point out that experience induces plasticity in the brain, changing representations in early sensory areas. At the same time, I pointed out that top-down selection (at least the way I defined top-down) is relatively slow. Wolfe points out that top-down selection does not need to be slow. Similarly, Becker (2018) points out that the evidence from eye movement studies demonstrating that saccades with the shortest latencies typically go to the salient distractor (she refers in her commentary to a study by Mulckhuyse, van Zoest & Theeuwes, 2009), may not be that convincing. She even claims that we have to reverse my view on timing, arguing that top-down, strategic processes may be fast and bottom-up processes are slow, only playing a role later in processing. Even though intriguing, I think that there is little evidence for this radical view. We adhere to the position that bottom-up and history- based effects are fast, while top-down volitional control is typically (but not always) relatively slow.
Its scope: Some commentators downplay the role of selection history in attentional selection. For example, in his commentary, Wolfe indicates that selection history basically plays no role outside the lab, where search targets may be highly variable: "an effective account of how we make our way in the world will require a greater appreciation of our relatively slow, volitional choices" (p. 2). Similarly, Sisk et al. indicate that "top-down control remains a cornerstone of visual selection" (p. 1). Others stress the importance of selection history. Kryklywy and Todd underline its importance and argue that long-term life history (particularly outside the lab) dynamically tunes what they have called the "priority landscape". Chelazzi and Santandrea point out that selection history is "an instrumental tool for maximizing fitness to the environment which is implemented through plastic changes in critical neural substrates" (p. 2). Concurring with these latter commentators, I think that the importance of selection history as a driving force is large, crucial and is omnipresent in our daily life. It is indeed a tool for maximizing fitness to the environment. It is an illusion to think that in everyday life we rely on top-down volitional choices. Instead, unconsciously the human brain continuously generates predictions about the environment based on our experiences and learned regularities. In turn, these regularities drive visual selection in an efficient, effortless way above and beyond any top-down and bottom-up processes (Failing & Theeuwes, 2017; Wang & Theeuwes, 2018a, b).
The author has no data accessibility statement to declare.
This work was supported by an ERC advanced grant under grant number ERC-2012-AdG – 323413 awarded to Jan Theeuwes.
The author has no competing interests to declare.
Anderson, B. A., Laurent, P. A., & Yantis S. (2011). Value-driven attentional capture. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 108, 10367–10371. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104047108
Bacon, W. F., & Egeth, H. E. (1994). Overriding stimulus-driven attentional capture. Perception & Psychophysics, 55(5), 485–496. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03205306
Becker, S. I. (2018). Reply to Theeuwes: Fast feature-based top-down effects, but saliency may be slow. Journal of Cognition, 1, 28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.23
Belopolsky, A. V., Schreij, D., & Theeuwes, J. (2010). What is top-down about contingent capture? Attention Perception & Psychophysics, 72(2), 326–341. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/APP.72.2.326
Belopolsky, A. V., Zwaan, L., Theeuwes, J., & Kramer, A. F. (2007). The size of an attentional window modulates attentional capture by color singletons. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 14(5), 934–938. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03194124
Chelazzi, L., & Santandrea, E. (2018) The time constant of attentional control: short, medium and long (infinite?). Journal of Cognition, 1, 27. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.24
Egeth, H. (2018). Comments on Theeuwes's characterization of visual selection. Journal of Cognition, 1, 26. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.29
Failing, M., & Theeuwes, J. (2017). Selection history: How reward modulates selectivity of visual attention. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 1–25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-017-1380-y
Gaspelin, N., & Luck, S. J. (2018). "Top-down" does not mean "voluntary". Journal of Cognition, 1, 25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.28
Kryklywy, J. H., & Tod, R. M. (2018). Experimental history as a parameter for attention. Journal of Cognition, 1, 24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.25
Leber, A. B., & Egeth, H. E. (2006). It's under control: Top-down search strategies can override attentional capture. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13(1), 132–138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193824
Mulckhuyse, M., Van der Stigchel, S., & Theeuwes, J. (2009). Early and Late Modulation of Saccade Deviations by Target Distractor Similarity. Journal of Neurophysiology, 102(3), 1451–1458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00068.2009
Sisk, C. A., Remington, R. W., & Jiang, Y. V. (2018). The risk of downplaying top-down control. Journal of Cognition, 1, 23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.26
Theeuwes, J. (1991). Cross-Dimensional Perceptual Selectivity. Perception & Psychophysics, 50(2), 184–193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03212219
Theeuwes, J. (1992). Perceptual Selectivity for Color and Form. Perception & Psychophysics, 51(6), 599–606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03211656
Theeuwes, J. (2004). Top-down search strategies cannot override attentional capture. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 11(1), 65–70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03206462
Theeuwes, J. (2018). Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional. Journal of Cognition, 1, 29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.13
Todd, R. M., & Manaligod, M. G. M. (2017). Implicit guidance of attention: The priority state space framework. Cortex, pii: S0010-9452(17)30248-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2017.08.001
Wang, B., & Theeuwes, J. (2018a). Statistical regularities modulate attentional capture. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 44(1), 13–17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/xhp0000472
Wang, B., & Theeuwes, J. (2018b). How to inhibit a distractor location? Statistical learning versus active, top-down suppression. Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-018-1493-z
Wolfe, J. M. (2018). Everything is foresee, yet free will is five (Mishna Avot 3:15). Journal of Cognition, 1, 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/joc.27
Yantis, S., & Egeth, H. E. (1999). On the distinction between visual salience and stimulus-driven attentional capture. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance, 25, 661–676. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-1523.25.3.661
Theeuwes, J., 2018. Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional; A Reply to Commentaries. Journal of Cognition, 1(1), p.21. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/joc.32
Theeuwes J. Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional; A Reply to Commentaries. Journal of Cognition. 2018;1(1):21. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/joc.32
Theeuwes, J. (2018). Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional; A Reply to Commentaries. Journal of Cognition, 1(1), 21. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/joc.32
Theeuwes J, 'Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional; A Reply to Commentaries' (2018) 1 Journal of Cognition 21 DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/joc.32
Theeuwes, Jan. 2018. "Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional; A Reply to Commentaries". Journal of Cognition 1 (1): 21. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/joc.32
Theeuwes, Jan. "Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional; A Reply to Commentaries". Journal of Cognition 1, no. 1 (2018): 21. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/joc.32
Theeuwes, J.. "Visual Selection: Usually Fast and Automatic; Seldom Slow and Volitional; A Reply to Commentaries". Journal of Cognition, vol. 1, no. 1, 2018, p. 21. DOI: http://doi.org/10.5334/joc.32


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Baking kale is an interesting process. First, the leaves become bright green and soften, then they begin to turn crisp. In between, they go through a chewy-crisp stage, which i s also delicious. So the baking time is flexible. Just keep checking the kale until it is done the way you like it.
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Remove the tray from the oven, and let the kale cool on the tray. Kale Crunch will keep for a week or two in a covered container—no refrigeration necessary.


text:
The gut microbiome: Key to health - Part 1
Green Pasture: the story of a family business from Nebraska
Experience the power of organ extracts with Ancestral Supplements
Bacteria: friend or foe?
What form of carnitine is right for you?
Gastric acid. Can you stomach it?
Most cells in our body are not human, but microbial; the ratio of 'them' to 'us' is about 10:1. Disturbances of the interactions between host and the so-called microbiome, or simply biome, can lead to disruptions of a healthy balance. Indeed, the nature and variety of bacteria in our intestines seem to have a profound impact on many aspects of our health. Microbes are not only essential for digesting food, but they also affect the calories we take in and they produce important enzymes and vitamins. They are also a crucial part of the immune system. In his book The Diet Myth, professor Tim Spector even suggests that bacteria are largely responsible for our obesity epidemic. The more we discover about our relationship with our microbial inner and outer world and their role in human health, the more it seems that we live as a collective in a biological community: we are only ever a part of a dynamic ecosystem of organisms . Within this paradigm, "health" of an organism should be understood as an expression of the degree of diversity, resilience and balance of its ecosystem. How we may maximize biodiversity in the gut is not yet entirely clear. Pre- and probiotics play a role, as do fermented and fiber-rich foods as well as a host of lifestyle factors. One self-experiment, for example, showed that a one-week diet of eating mostly potatoes had the unexpected effect of greater micro-biomic diversity. Compared to a high-fiber diet the potato diet increased the diversity index of slightly over 26 to slightly under 39. Drastic dietary interventions, in other words, seem to have a substantial impact on the microbiome. Viewed at the level of individual bacteria, however, a mixed picture was seen. Some "good" bacteria were seen only on a potato diet. Some increased in abundance, while others decreased. Why these apparent shifts occur is still a big question. What health effects of dietary interventions will be, and within what time frame they can be achieved, largely remains to be studied. The microbiome-gut-brain axis There are an estimated 200 million neurons in the intestines. This is not as much as in the brain, but more than in the peripheral nervous system and spinal cord combined. Micro-organisms appear to enter into an intimate two-way communication with these nerve cells, and these nerve cells, in turn, with the brain. This system is known as the "microbiome-gut-brain axis". Peripheral serotonin and the "second brain" Serotonin is widely known as a neurotransmitter. It is also known that as much as 90% of the serotonin created in the body, is actually produced in the digestive tract. Altered levels of this "peripheral serotonin" are associated with overall health. Research published in the leading journal Cell shows that some bacteria in the gut play a central role in regulating the production of peripheral serotonin, which suggests that changing the microbiota may help to restore the balance. Mood-modulating soil microbes It has been found that Mycobacterium vaccae, a common soil bacterium, has a clearly measurable effect on neurons. The bacterium is widely found in soil samples and can produce serotonin, which can affect your mood. These ground-microbes boost cytokine levels, resulting in the production of more serotonin. Gardeners inhale the bacteria and have skin contact with them. They even get them directly into their bloodstream whenever they break their skin. The natural action of serotonin-modulating soil bacteria is noticeable after approximately 3 weeks, rat experiments indicate. The microbiome: Not only in the intestines Although the largest amount of microbes is found in our intestines, it is also a fact that other parts of our body have their own microbiome that plays an important role in the functioning of these respective parts of the body. You may think of the skin, genitals and mouth but the eyes, external auditory canal and the nasal sinus have their own microbiome as well. The ocular microbiome Scientists from the School of Medicine, New York University, recently found that wearing contact lenses can change the bacterial composition on the surface of the eye significantly, possibly rendering the eye more susceptible to infection. In people who used to wear contact lenses the bacterial composition of the surface of the eye often appeared to be similar to that on the skin directly under the eyes. With contact lens-free eyes this composition was clearly different. Contact lens wearers had higher numbers of four kinds of bacteria: Lactobacillus, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas Methylobacterium. These microbiome disruptions could explain why contact lens wearers get more, and specific, types of eye infections. Nasal sinus Research by Dr. Susan Lynch of the University of California, San Diego, demonstrated that in maintaining a healthy and problem-free nasal sinus the diversity of the local microbiome plays a key role, more so than any specific pathogen. An overall healthy microbiome can keep the expression of non-desired bacterial species in check. On her blog "lacto bacto", Mara Silgailis writes that she herself has overcome her sinus problems by directly applying small amounts of kimchi juice to her nasal passage. She did this more than two years ago and she is still free of the sinusitis problems that plagued her in the past. 13 interesting bacteria facts 1. Research shows that human navels contain a stunning 1,458 different species of bacteria. One person even had a specific bacterium hitherto found only in Japanese soil. This person had never been to Japan. 2. A Dutch study shows that an intimate kiss between two lovers of 10 seconds of duration results in an exchange of 80 million bacteria. 3. In Japan a new species of bacterium was discovered that can live in hairspray. 4. If all live bacteria in and on the surface of the body were carefully collected, the total would lie between 1.3 and 2.26 kilos. 5. Even after thoroughly cleaning your teeth there are still 1.000 to 100.000 bacteria left behind on each tooth. 6. The average body contains 100 trillion bacterial cells. If each cell would be equal the length of a dollar bill, this would bring you 14 times from earth to the moon and back. 7. In any human mouth you find three times as many bacteria as the total number of people alive on earth. 8. Bacteria are classified into three main forms: cocci (spherical), bacilli (rod-shaped) and the spirilli (spiral). 9. The average person swallows a gallon per day of saliva, containing 100 billion bacteria. 10. Sweat does not have any smell until it is combined with bacteria on the skin. 11. Only one kilogram of C. botulinum bacteria can, depending on its distribution, wipe out all of humanity. 12 Some bacteria can move very fast: 50 to 60 times their own length in one second. This equals a 1,82 cm tall man being able to run 322 km per hour. 13. The gonorrhea bacterium is the strongest organism on earth. It can pull a force of 100,000 times its own body weight. For a man this would mean pulling 10 million kilos, or 22 fully loaded Boeing 747s.
Categories: General Articles
Tags: microbiome


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Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development
Medical Collection
D. Jayashri
S. Manisha
Aadithya
C. Hemanthkumar
Timsi Jain
Gomathy Parasuraman
Ruma Dutta
A Study on Utilization of Primary Health Care Services among the People Residing in a Semi-Urban Area
Abstract Views :226 | PDF Views:0
B. Charumathi 1, D. Jayashri 1, S. Manisha 1, Aadithya 1, C. Hemanthkumar 1, Timsi Jain 1
1 Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College Hospital, Thandalam, Kanchipuram, IN
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 11, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 53-56
Background: Primary healthcare is a vital strategy which remains the backbone of health service delivery. As on March 31st 2017, there were a total of 25, 650 primary health centres(PHC) functioning in the country. Though the number of PHC's had increased, the utilization is declining over the years as people seek private health sectors due to various reasons. Objective: To assess the awareness and utilization of primary health care services provided by Thirumazhisai PHC. Methodology: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted among people residing in Thirumazhisai. The Sample size of 233 was calculated. The study population was selected by simple random sampling technique. A pre-designed, pre-tested semi- structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entered in MS excel and analyzed using proportion. Results: Among 233 people, 183 (78.8%) people knew about PHC services. Regarding utilization of services, 165(70.8%) were availing services provided by PHC. The reasons given for non utilization of services were long waiting time (51.4%), dissatisfaction of Doctor-Patient relationship(17.7%), non-availability of essential medicines (14.7%), PHC not clean (8.8%), and PHC does not have all required services (7.4%). Conclusion: In resource-constrained developing countries like India, all efforts should be undertaken to bring about the maximum efficiency of health care delivery. Role of primary healthcare is essential in the progress towards achieving universal health coverage (UHC).
Primary Health Care, Primary Health Centres, Awareness, Utilization.
Revalence of Goiter and its Association with Consumption of Iodized Salt among School Children, in a Rural Area, Tamilnadu
D. Jayashri 1, B. Charumathi 1, Timsi Jain 2, Gomathy Parasuraman 3, Ruma Dutta 3
1 Post Graduate, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College Hospital, Thandalam, Kanchipuram District, IN
2 Professor and Head, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College Hospital, Thandalam, Kanchipuram District, IN
3 Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College Hospital, Thandalam, Kanchipuram District, IN
Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, Vol 11, No 1 (2020), Pagination: 394-399
Background: Iodine Deficiency Disorders is a significant public health problem all over the world. Iodine is essential element for thyroid function, necessary for normal growth, development and functioning of brain and body. Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of goiter among school children and to assess the prevalence of useof iodized salt. Material and Methods: A Cross sectional study conducted among Children between 6-12 years of ageinMappedu area.A pre-tested questionnaire, Rapid test kit to find iodine content of salt and clinical examination to assess goitre was done for the study subjects.The sample size calculated was120.Dataanalysis:Proportions and chi-square was used for analysis. Results: 65% were using iodized salt and remaining 35% were using non-iodised salt.The prevalence of goiter was found to be 17(14.2%). Conclusion: One-third of children and their family were not consuming adequately iodized salt. The consumption of iodized salt is still less in the community and Iodine Deficiency Disorders continue to be a public health problem.
IDD, Goiter, Iodized Salt, Rapid Test Kit.


text:
Q: AttributeError: 'unicode' object has no attribute 'remove' I'm trying to turn a string into a list of separate words--nothing but letters. However, as far as I can tell, unicode is causing the problems.
essay_text = ['This,', 'this,', 'this', 'and', 'that.']

def create_keywords(self):
    low_text = self.essay_text.lower()
    word_list = low_text.split()
    abcs = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'x', 'y', 'z']
    for n in word_list:
        for m in n:
            for l in abcs:
                if m!=l:
                    n.remove(m)
        self.keywords.setdefault(n, 0)
        self.keywords[n] = word_list.count(n)
        for m in bad_words:
            if n==m:
                del self.keywords[n]
    print self.keywords

I get this error:
AttributeError: 'unicode' object has no attribute 'remove'

How can I solve this?
Update:
I don't understand why my strings are in unicode. If it is relevant, here is the class that this model lies under:
class Essay(models.Model):
    title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    author = models.CharField(max_length=100)
    email = models.EmailField(max_length=100)
    essay_text = models.TextField()
    sources = models.TextField()

    def __unicode__(self):
         return self.title

Why are my strings in in unicode?

A: The error is explicit: the n variable, which is a string, doesn't have a remove method - that's because strings are immutable in Python. You'll have to create a new string without the characters you want to remove.

A: Do you have a from __future__ import unicode_literals in your code?  That would cause Python 2.X to treat 'string' as Unicode.
As others have said, strings aren't mutable and do not have a remove method.
There are a couple of modules that greatly simplify your goal:
import re
from collections import Counter

bad_words = ['and']

def create_keywords():
    essay_text = 'This, this, this and that.'
    # This regular expression finds consecutive strings of lowercase letters.
    # Counter counts each unique string and collects them in a dictionary.
    result = Counter(re.findall(r'[a-z]+',essay_text.lower()))
    for w in bad_words:
        result.pop(w)
    return dict(result) # return a plain dict instead of a Counter object.

Output:
>>> create_keywords()
{'this': 3, 'that': 1}

A: Strings are immutable, meaning they cannot be changed. What you'll really need to do is create a new string in its place with just the letters:
def just_letters(s):
    return ''.join(l for l in s if l in string.lowercase)

word_list = [just_letters(word) for word in word_list]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Abstract: The objections to ethical relativism are outlined. Ethical absolutism, ethical nihilism, and ethical skepticism are defined.
I. Cultural Relativism (sociological relativism): the descriptive view that different groups of people have different moral standards for evaluating acts as right or wrong.
A. Hence, it is not an ethical doctrine--it's a sociological or observational conclusion--even so; the view is somewhat ambiguous.
1. A second sense of cultural relativism is less obvious. I.e., that different cultures differ on basic moral principles.
2. A possible reason for the observation of cultural relativism is shown by the example of basic moral principles which could be said to support different moral rules according to the interpretations of different cultures. In the following diagrams, there are two vastly different interpretations listed for each moral principle.
"An eye for an eye."
"Physical exercise is good for you."
"Develop your mind. (You are not an animal.)"
II. Ethical Relativism: the prescriptive view that (1) different groups of people ought to have different ethical standards for evaluating acts as right or wrong, (2) these different beliefs are true in their respective societies, and (3) these different beliefs are not instances of a basic moral principle.
1. The relativist confuses cultural (or sociological) relativism with ethical relativism, but cultural relativism is a descriptive view and ethical relativism is a prescriptive view. (E.g., cultural relativism describes the way the way people actually behave, and ethical relativism prescribes the way people ought to behave.
An absolute ethical standard has never been proved beyond doubt in the history of thought.
Thus, an absolute ethical standard does not exist.
a. This argument is an instance ad ignorantiam fallacy.
From the fact that a statement has not been proved, we can logically draw no conclusion.
B. Objections to ethical relativism.
b. Moreover, the ethical relativist who makes the judgment that one society is better than another contradicts himself. (E.g., Consider the judgment that the present German state is a better society than Nazi Germany was in the 1940's.) To reach such a conclusion, the relativist would need to appeal to an ethical standard by which to judge one society better--but this "standard" is precisely what the relativist denies.
a. The relativist sometimes states that "right" and "wrong" have no consistent meaning. These words reflect only emotion or perhaps the ceremonial use of language. In other words, this defense shades into ethical subjectivism.
Counter-counter-objection (CCO by the ethical absolutist): The problem with believing that "right" and "wrong" have no consistent meaning is the ordinary use of words in this case results in meaninglessness. What would happen if people used the same word in different situations to refer to different things? Communication would not take place.
b. Some ethical relativists believe ethical words are reducible to non-ethical values; e.g., these words have to do with recommendations for survival or well-being.
CCO by the ethical absolutist: the problem here is just the difficulty of understanding the nature of a non-ethical value. Would a non-ethical value be an aesthetic value?
c. Some relativists believe we can justify relativism by intuition, revelation, authority, etc.
CCO by the ethical absolutist:: these attempts are subjectively based; they differ from time to time and place to place.
2. Mental Health Objection to ethical relativism (from the definition or criterion of a group): If "what is right in one group is wrong in another," where exactly does one group end and another begin?
Suppose in the diagram below, the letters of the alphabet represent individuals and the color-shaded areas represent different groups. A is a member of Group I (gray) and Group II (tan). If Group I and II have different values, then it follows that A cannot follow a consistent set of values. Person A cannot be "centered" and "becomes different things to different people." Over time, such a position might lead to psychological difficulty.
Which values should A follow? Group I or II?
1. Right and wrong are to be determined in the situation.
2. Right and wrong are to be determined by what the majority determine at the time and place.
3. Right and wrong are ultimately established by power or authority.
a. In the 14th century, most persons thought the earth was flat, but this belief did not make the earth flat at that time.
b. If different groups determine different meanings to what is right and wrong, then there is no objective basis for the consistent use of the words.
b. Other solutions to the questions of the meaning of key ethical terms according to the relativist are possible by appealing to survival value, consensus gentium, and so on.
D. Moral Progress Objection: If ethical relativism were correct, there could be no such thing as moral improvement or purpose in cultures or a person's life. To have improvement, we must have a standard by which to judge the difference in moral values.
a. That's correct--we can make no such judgment that one society is better than another. We could only judge by our own values.
b. If something like "survival value" is used to ground moral beliefs, then moral improvement might be identified with "increased knowledge concerning survival of the society."
III. Ethical Absolutism: the prescriptive view that there are basic or fundamental ethical principles which are true without qualification or exception as to time, condition, or circumstance.
A. Examples: Kant's categorical imperative, the principle of utility, or the Christian commandment to love God and neighbor.
IV. Ethical Nihilism: the view that ethical terms such as "right" and "wrong" have no meaning or are nonsense.
A. Objection: but something is meant when we say, "X is wrong."
2. "Whatever can be said, can be said clearly." The burden of proof that the terms have meaning is on the non-nihilist.
V. Ethical Skepticism: the view that ethical terms such as "right" and "wrong" might have meaning but their meaning cannot be established.
Our objection to skepticism at this point is methodological. Ethical skepticism should not be held a priori at the beginning of an investigation but should only be a possible outcome after a thorough study.
Simon Blackburn on Moral Relativism: This interview on Philosophy Bites with Simon Blackburn, author of The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy, by David Edmonds and Nigel Warburton covers the question of whether there is moral truth or not. Blackburn argues a quasi-realist, pragmatic view that moral disagreements can lead to conflict, and he believes moral relativists cannot resolve moral conflict. If there is a moral disagreement, the relativist and the subjectivist cannot resolve the dispute by stating that each person's view is correct for that person. Blackburn also disagrees with moral realism, the view that facts can be found to resolve moral issues. Blackburn thinks that relativism is not defeated by noting that relativism cannot be absolutely true because it must itself be relative. A central problem for the relativist is how to answer the question of how far one should go to tolerate intolerant people.


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How likely is the need for LTC?
There are a number of misconceptions in our society related to the likelihood of various risks, ranging from developing heart disease to being struck by lightning. The November of 2006 issue of Time magazine accurately discussed a confounding habit of worrying about mere possibilities while ignoring concrete probabilities and building barriers against perceived dangers while exposing ourselves to the real ones.
Unfortunately, this notion applies equally to long-term care (LTC). We have entrenched sophisticated risk mitigation mechanisms to protect families against catastrophic financial events such as sickness, disability, death, and retirement. Medical coverage protects employees against catastrophic medical bills, life insurance protects against the loss of income due to death, disability insurance protects against financial hardship in the event of loss of income, and pension plans protect against the loss of income after retirement. These insurance products are viewed as common sense financial planning tools and are widely accepted and utilized services. Long-term care is one potential financial catastrophe against which most individuals have no protection. And yet, the need for LTC is the most likely event of the ones mentioned above. Indeed, the probability that a person will one day face a nursing home stay is much greater than either the probability of disability or premature death while employed. Chart 1 quantifies these various risks for males and females at age 25, 45, 65, and 85.
The table above represents average usage values. Married people tend to use fewer services, and single people tend to use more. Males use fewer services than females, partially because wives usually outlive their husbands.
Given the facts, recognizing the risk of financial destitution from needing long-term care services is the first step to solving the problem. LTC is a vital part of the financial safety net that needs to be addressed by employers and government entities.
i. Society of Actuaries. 1990-95 US SOA Basic Female, Age Nearest and 1990-95 US SOA Basic Male, Age Nearest, (Mortality tables 369 and 371), Retrieved March 23, 2004, from Table Manager Program version 3.0.
ii. Society of Actuaries, Transactions: 1984 Reports of Mortality, Morbidity and Other Experience, "Group Long-Term Disability, Table I-1A," (St. Joseph, Michigan: Imperial Printing Company, 1988), 247.
iii. Milliman USA, Long Term Care Guidelines, (July 1, 2002).
iv. P. Kemper and C. M. Murtaugh, "Lifetime use of nursing home care," New England Journal of Medicine Vol 324 No 9 (Feb 28, 1991).
v. Milliman USA, Long Term Care Guidelines, (July 1, 2002).


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Comedian Jerry Stiller was rushed to hospital after a health scare on Wednesday.
According to reports, the person who was with Jerry began to worry about his health, resulting in the Seinfeld and King Of Queens star being admitted to hospital.
Stiller is the father of comedian Ben.
Jerry is reportedly healthy and due to be released from hospital in the coming days.
He is 91 years old.
"There are no signs of a stroke. He's resting and they're going to send him home in a couple days. He's totally fine," a source told the Daily News.
Jerry is best known for his comic duo with late wife Anna Meara, as well as playing Frank Costanza in Seinfeld and Arthur in King of Queens.
INCREDIBLE News For Seinfeld Fans!


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Roaring Times Staff
Pitman Life
Student Opinions
Pride Time Survey
Sci-Health & Tech
The Roaring Times
The Student Newspaper of John H. Pitman High School.
Primates Color
NBA Season Predictions
Nick Ashak (11th), Reporter
The Winchester Mystery House
Cionna Washington (10th), Reporter
College In or Out of State
Makayla Fink (12th), Reporter
Is It Too Early for Christmas?
What's Going on with Kanye West?
Pitman Drama
Madiha Haideri (10th), Editor-in-Chief
Fun Things for Winter to Do in Turlock and More
It is finally December and that means it is time to do many fun Christmas activities. It's hard to find things to do when you live in such a small town. There are many more activities around you for the...
Turlock Transit
If you've never taken the city bus, you might want to look into it. City buses travel to stops that reach almost all around the city of Turlock every half hour. You can pay two dollars for an all day...
Haunted Places in California
Haunted places are always being investigated and unexplained phenomena are always happening all over the world; and this doesn't exclude California. Here in California there are many places rumored to...
Sci-Health/Tech
Gizmo Garcia (12th), Reporter
Primates have such a wide range of species, varieties and fur colors that it can be hard to tell the difference between certain monkeys. However, would you believe it if the...
Is Music a Distraction While Studying?
Many people have their own ways of studying for assignments or working on them in general. Most people do not like distractions and prefer quiet noise. Others, however, can...
The Impact of Social Media on Younger Generations
Annelise Sin (9th), Reporter
Social media has been around for ages. It's one of the most used pieces of the internet in the world. Apps like Instagram, Snapchat, and Tiktok are all new parts of our...
Students Lack of Learning: Covid or Laziness?
Katarina Sin (10th), Editor
Over the years, school systems have continuously dropped success rates in proper education. Coming back to regular learning after years sheltered due to the pandemic has caused...
Looms to Computers
Ethel Thompson (11th), Reporter
The loom was the basis for today's computers. One of the most innovative inventions of its time, the loom was a key component in the industrial revolution. It...
How Covid Affected Mental Health
In march 2020, we went into a worldwide pandemic. Schools shut down and we Transitioned to online learning. I believe that Covid has affected so much and especially our mental...
Kanye West. Everyone has heard that name. Famous artist, one of the best and most talented of our time, and an infamous person. VERY infamous. Lately his name has been surrounded...
Review of Album 'Word Food' by Cavetown
Robin Skinner, better known by the name Cavetown is an English bedroom-pop artist who started making covers in 2013 and went on to produce his...
Smile Movie Review
For those who haven't watched the film, SMILE, it is a horror film, written and directed by Parker Finn, who won a jury award at SXSW (South...
The Down Sides of Plastic Surgery
Cosmetic surgery, the procedure of plastic surgery that involves surgical and non surgical procedures, may seem like a quick and simple solution...
Sophia Gomez (10th)
Cosmetic surgery, the procedure of plastic surgery that involves surgical and non surgical procedures, may seem like a quick and simple solution to improve your physical appearance...
Midnights + (3am Edition) Album Review
Taylor Swift just released a new album on October 21st, 2022. A lot of people were disappointed at the first listen, because most people thought...
The Pitman Drama Productions did yet another great job with their recent play, The 25th Annual Putnam Spelling Bee. From the songs to the casting,...
Staff Spotlight: Angelica Mora
How long have you been working at pitman? "I started working at Pitman January 2022! I'm rather new to my position." What does a typical...
Kanye West. Everyone has heard that name. Famous artist, one of the best and most talented of our time, and an infamous person. VERY infamous. Lately his name has been surrounded with huge controversy...
Robin Skinner, better known by the name Cavetown is an English bedroom-pop artist who started making covers in 2013 and went on to produce his own music. As of now he has 7 singles/eps and 9 albums, Worm...
For those who haven't watched the film, SMILE, it is a horror film, written and directed by Parker Finn, who won a jury award at SXSW (South by Southwest) 2020. The plot refers to a number of unknown...
Merced High School
Oct 21 / Boys Water Polo
El Capitan Gauchos
South Eugene
Oct 14 / Girls Cross Country
Oct 14 / Volleyball
Oct 9 / Girls Water Polo
Oct 9 / Boys Water Polo
Atwater Falcons
Oct 5 / Football
Sep 22 / Football


The title led me to think that somehow Psalm 23 was going to work its way into this chapter. But it didn't. In fact it didn't even come close. Instead a full evaluation of the life and preservation of Elijah was in order.
Dr Leithart provided good insight for Elijah as the new Moses. Elijah in many ways was also a personification of the new Israel. But most important in the life of Elijah is God's provision of food. Never the same and never out of surplus The Lord provided for Elijah throughout his turmoil and struggle against Ahab.
The point is well worth retaining. That God sets aside His elect and He provides for them in a world full of "Ahabs". Wicked rulers cannot hinder God's miraculous provisions for His people.


The deadline of the abstract submission for JICOSSH (Jakarta International Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities) 2018 has been extended to October 5th, 2018.
The abstract must contain the following section: introduction, aim of the study, method, results, conclusion, and keywords. The abstract must have no longer than 250 words.
Contact Secretariat at: Faculty of Social and Political Sciences Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta Moch Yamin Building, Jalan Raya RS Fatmawati No 1, Pondok Labu, South Jakarta.


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Cubs Split From Bulls, Blackhawks And White Sox To Launch Their Own RSN
by JohnWallStreet January 3, 2019
Shutterstock / Kathryn Seckman Kirsch
Editor's Note: Welcome to a daily column we run here at BroBible breaking down the day's biggest stories in sports business with commentary from the sports money and sports fanatic perspectives. It comes to us via our friends at JohnWallStreet. You can sign up here for their daily email newsletter.
NBC Sports Chicago has agreed to a new 5-year multi-platform media rights pact with the Chicago Bulls, Blackhawks and White Sox, pending NBA, NHL and MLB approval. As of October 2019, all 3 teams' regular season (excluding nationally televised broadcasts), pre-season and spring training games, plus Bulls and Blackhawks 1st round playoff games, will air exclusively on the Chicago RSN; WGN will no longer have broadcast rights to games. The news would also seem to confirm long-standing speculation that the Chicago Cubs are poised to launch their own television network come February 2020 (start of Spring Training); the team's games will remain on NBC Sports Chicago through the end of the 2019 season.
Howie Long-Short: The Cubs, Bulls, Blackhawks and White Sox are currently equal partners (along with NBC Sports Group) in NBC Sports Chicago, but the Cubs are the network's crown jewel. The Bulls, Blackhawks and White Sox will all see their stakes in the RSN rise from 20% to 25% come October '19, but it's worth wondering if the network will run into carriage issues without the broadcast rights to North Sider baseball games?
Chris Lencheski is an experienced global sports, media, and private equity executive with c-suite stops at Comcast-Spectacor, TPG Specialty Lending, IRG Sports and Entertainment, SKI & Company and currently an adjunct professor at Columbia University. I checked in with Chris to get his thoughts the subject.
Chris: No, there won't be any significant carriage issues. There's more than enough people who are interested in the White Sox, Blackhawks and Bulls. The issue becomes if the various cable companies begin to push back on the $4.35 or $4.50 per subscriber fees during the next set of carriage negotiations. While that's possible – they're pushing back on lots of things – NBC Sports Chicago will still have live professional major league sports and that content is still the best content you can have; you can't make any more of it and there's a finite amount of live sports programming in Chicago.
The Cubs decision to form their own "Marquee" (note: that's the proposed name) network was derived from the Rickett's family's desire to continue growing revenues, but that doesn't mean the team plans to go direct to consumer. Instead, the Chicago baseball club will align with a cable operator that can offer widespread distribution (think: Sinclair Broadcast Group) and bring some much-needed experience in both carriage negotiations and game production to the venture; issues that have plagued other start-up sports networks (see: Pac-12 Network). I asked Chris if there is any potential fiscal downside to the Cubs decision to start their own RSN?
Chris: No, even if the new network fails to generate the $3 – $4 per subscriber that NBC Sports Chicago gets, Marquee is still going to spin off significantly more revenue than the 20% that the team was going to get under the terms of their previous deal. Given that the franchise generates 3-4x the ad dollars in market (relative to the other 3 Chicago teams), the advertising dollars' migration to Marquee is going to be significant; and that's before any hybrid DTC model is applied, which will afford advertisers even more dynamic integration to Cubs fans.
In addition to their interest in partnering with the Cubs on an RSN, Sinclair has been mentioned as a potential investor in the YES Network (80% is for sale, $5-6 billion valuation) and is known to be in pursuit of the other 21 Fox RSNs currently on the market; CEO Chris Ripley recently called them "good fit with the [company's existing] broadcast footprint and operations (from a cost savings standpoint)." The publicly traded (SBGI) telecom conglomerate, which owns more local TV stations than any other company in U.S., envisions the regional sports networks as the catalyst needed to grow their expansive cable business.
Fan Marino: Howie spent a lot of time talking to Chris about the financial impact of the Cubs decision to launch an RSN, but I wanted to find out how a Cubs owned television network would impact the on-field product?
Chris: Simply put, the team is going to generate much more free cash flow over the next several years. That will allow them to sustainably compete for players with the Yankees, Red Sox and Dodgers – all of whom have RSN-type models contributing to their ability to be competitive.
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What is JohnWallStreet?
JohnWallStreet, located at the intersection of sports and finance, is a destination for the educated sports fan.
While we won't be publishing "hot takes" on LeBron's relative greatness to Jordan, we will be offering up the most relevant sports related business news, in easily digestible bites, with commentary from both the sports money and sports fanatic perspectives.
We'll cover publicly traded professional teams & stadiums (MSG, RCI, BATRA, MANU), television networks (DIS, FOXA, CMCSA, CBS, TWX, MSGN), apparel & footwear companies (NKE, UAA, ADDYY, FL, LULU), equipment companies (GOLF, ELY, FIT), ticketing companies (EBAY, LYV) content and facilities providers (CHDN, DVD, ISCA,TRK, LMCA). If it trades on Wall Street, and has a sports angle, it's in our wheel house.
Howie Long-Short and Fan Marino will be providing their expert opinions on each story. They have slightly different areas of expertise. Fan Marino is a firm believer that the SEC is the premier football conference. Howie Long-Short knows it as the Securities & Exchange Commission. Fan Marino lives and dies with the college selection of 5 star, blue chip recruits. Howie Long-Short spends his days analyzing blue chip stocks. Howie Long-Short knows that Black Monday occurred on October 19th, 1987. Fan Marino swears it happens every January after Week 17. You get the point.
JohnWallStreet
At the intersection of sports and finance.
Tags Chicago BlackhawksChicago BullsChicago CubsChicago White Soxsports finance report


Two recent articles in the journal Nature reached the same disconcerting conclusion: One of the planet's main ocean-current systems is slowing down, which will have large effects on the global climate.
Both studies focus on the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation, or AMOC, a system of ocean currents in the Atlantic, which influences weather patterns in Europe, North America and parts of Africa. The AMOC is like a conveyor belt, bringing warm water from the tropics to the north, while transporting cold water back to the South through the deep ocean.
Find out more on Landscape News Read the full story: Ocean currents are slowing down, and that's bad news.


An Act to renumber and amend 812.33; to amend 812.35 (4) (a) and 812.40; and to create 812.33 (2) of the statutes; relating to: garnishment fees.
812.33 (1) The creditor shall pay a $15 fee to the garnishee for each earnings garnishment or each stipulated extension of that earnings garnishment and a $3 fee to the garnishee for each payment delivered to the creditor after the first payment. These fees. This fee shall be included as a cost in the creditor's claim in the earnings garnishment.
812.33 (2) In addition to the $15 garnishee fee under sub. (1), the garnishee shall receive a $3 fee for each payment delivered to the creditor under s. 812.39 after the first payment. That additional fee shall be deducted from the moneys delivered to the creditor. This subsection does not apply to a garnishment under s. 812.42.
812.35 (4) (a) The creditor shall tender the garnishee fees fee under s. 812.33 (1) to the garnishee at the time that the earnings garnishment form is served.
812.40 Stipulated extension. At any time while an earnings garnishment is in effect, the debtor and creditor may stipulate in writing to an extension of the earnings garnishment for additional pay periods. The extension may commence on the first day after the earnings garnishment ends and shall end within 13 weeks after the last day of the last pay period affected by the earnings garnishment. The garnishee shall be bound by the extension if a copy of the stipulation is delivered or mailed to the garnishee, together with the additional garnishee fees fee under s. 812.33 (1), before the last day of the last pay period affected by the earnings garnishment or any prior stipulated extension of the earnings garnishment. A stipulated extension is void and the garnishee fees fee shall be refunded if, prior to the last day of the last pay period affected by the earnings garnishment, the garnishee is served under s. 812.35 (3) by a creditor seeking to satisfy a different judgment against the debtor.


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U.S. civil rights activists campaign for federal government action, 1957-63 United States 1957 1963
8 out of 10 points Yes George Lakey, 09/10/2012
U.S. citizens prevent construction of nuclear power plant in Bodega Bay, California 1962-64 United States 1962 1964
10 out of 10 points Yes Elliana Bisgaard-Church, 19/09/2011
U.S. Anti-nuclear activists partially block establishment of nuclear power plant in Limerick, PA, 1977-82 United States 1977 1982
6 out of 10 points Yes John Pontillo, 24/03/2013, drawing on additional research by Matthew Turner
U.S. anti-nuclear activists campaign against restarting Three Mile Island nuclear generator, 1979-1985 United States 1979 1985
5 out of 10 points Yes Thomas Fortuna, 18/09/2011
U.S. anti-nuclear activists and community members force closure of Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant, 1976-1989 United States 1976 1989
10 out of 10 points Yes Pauline Blount, 05/10/2011
U.S. activists stop Burger King from importing rainforest beef, 1984-1987 United States 1984 1987
10 out of 10 points Yes Kate Aronoff, 18/9/2011
U.S. Activists campaign to support the East Timorese independence movement, 1991-1999 United States 1991 1999
9 out of 10 points Yes Hannah Jones 3/3/2011
U.S. activists and politicians campaign at South African Embassy for end to apartheid, 1984-1985 United States 1984 1985
8 out of 10 points Yes Zein Nakhoda, 14/02/2010
U'wa people block Occidental Petroleum (Colombia), 1995-2001 Colombia 1995 2001
Turkmen senior citizens campaign against pension cuts, 2006 Turkmenistan 2006 2006
1 out of 10 points Yes Jennifer Trinh, 19/03/2011
Showing 71-80 of 460 results


Structured processes for issue reporting and case management.
Integrated information and technology architecture for issue reporting and case management.
Strategic/operational case planning and administration. This involves the ongoing planning and administration of issues, cases, investigators, workload, and tasks. Core to this is resource and case planning and administration, the ability to measure cycles/seasonality of cases, backlog, resource planning, and costs.
Issue intake & triage. This is the foundational component where issues are reported. It involves being able to report and process issues coming from hotlines, web forms, management reports, and other inputs. The goal is to eliminate noise, consolidate duplicated issue reports, flesh out non-cases, and focus on what is critical and exposes the organization to the greatest risk. It is critical that the organization has the ability to automate and link between issues being reported, cases, parties, processes, places, and other relationships. From here initial planning and assignment of cases is done.
Investigation. This is the heart of the process that takes reported issue(s) and manages the process of investigation through to closure. Investigators need structured templates and processes to keep everything organized, document the investigation, manage tasks, provide notifications and escalation, and keep all information in one place for ease of reporting. The more the organization can automatically define the process to investigate an issue/case, the better. Accountability, centralization of information, keeping everything current and up to date, and having a defensible system of record that can stand up in court is critical to this stage of the process.
Remediation & resolution. History repeats itself because no one was listening the first time. This stage of the issue reporting and case management process ensures that remediation steps are followed to mitigate or eliminate the risk of further issues and incidents. The organization needs to be able to track action items and ensure that things do not slip through cracks to obtain a reduction in repeated and future cases. The organization requires the ability to link issues to policies and procedures to ensure they are updated as resolutions dictate.
Reporting, analytics & metrics. This is the stage of the process that provides detailed reports on both individual and aggregate cases. The organization should be able to track past due tasks, benchmark timelines of cases, identify where loss can be mitigated, and reduce gaps.


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EU Affairs
Daily Sabah >
Why does a nation search for a strong leader?
JANE LOUISE KANDUR
Published 01.10.2016 00:00
As Turkuvaz, we are processing your personal data, and at the same time, using our best efforts to protect your data by taking the technical and administrative measures prescribed by laws. You may find the informative text in respect of your personal data processed, by visiting the data policy page.
There are many reasons why a country searches for a strong leader. In Medieval Europe, in the midst of great chaos, absolute rulers took to the throne and established order. Sometimes a strong leader is desired to destroy or renovate a system, for example Thatcher in Britain
Today, there are not many strong leaders of strong countries. There are strong countries, with strong systems, who have mediocre, average leaders.
And there are developing countries with strong leaders. These countries are either emerging from a state of chaos, and have found a strong leader to help them emerge or they are countries with systems that habitually crippled the people and society; systems that kept the majority away from power. These countries had mediocre leaders, leaders who were easily manipulated. The strong leaders in these countries are popular with the people, but not with the establishment, either at home or abroad. The strong leaders in these countries are popular because they have helped the people regain that which should have always been theirs. They are unpopular because they and their new, stronger country threatens the status quo.
Absolute rulers can be found in large numbers in history, especially in Medieval Europe. Absolutist monarchs had great power, but they were not always great statesmen. They often did not steer their countries to economic success or even military conquests. As stated by the Renaissance historian, William Bouwsma:
"Nothing so clearly indicates the limits of royal power as the fact that governments were perennially in financial trouble, unable to tap the wealth of those most able to pay, and likely to stir up a costly revolt whenever they attempted to develop an adequate income."
The Russian tsars were pretty good at wielding absolute power. Peter the Great removed power from the nobility and strengthened the position of the tsar. He protected his new found power by establishing a network of informants, an early example of a police state.
France is another country which had its fair share of absolutist kings; the most famous of these was the Sun King. Louis XIV reigned for 72+ years, from the 17th century to the 18th century. He built a beautiful palace, Versailles, and filled it with his noblemen. This was not an altruistic device. He did so to keep an eye on his courtiers, to make sure that they were not plotting against him.
We all learned in middle school that Louis XIV said: "L'etat, c'est moi." However, in reality there seems to be no evidence of this; rather, it appears that what he did say was much more complicated, and a little less egotistical. The Sun King stated: "The interests of the state come first. When one gives these priority, one labors for one's own good. These advantages to the state redounds to one's glory." That is, what I do must be good for the state and what is good for the state is good for me. In fact, on his deathbed Louis said "Je m'en vais, mais l'etat demeurera toujours..." (I am leaving, but the state will remain forever)...Seems that someone somewhere was trying to negatively manage perception about this long-reigning king who had brought some stability to France. Some things never change.
If we move to more modern times, we can find some powerful prime ministers and presidents.
Of course, without question, a powerful American president was Abraham Lincoln. The things he did for the United States, and for the black population, are immeasurable. But there are some other interesting presidents at slightly later dates.
Towards the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century, while Queen Victoria, probably the last really strong monarch in the U.K., was ruling, the United States elected Theodore Roosevelt president.
Roosevelt was a hunting, shooting, swearing type of guy. He said "Speak softly and carry a big stick... He also said "Do what you can, with what you have, where you are". This philosophy was reflected in Roosevelt's introducing a number of very important laws to the U.S. These laws limited the monopolies that were crippling the American economy. He also introduced the "Square Deal" - a program that reformed the American labor market, introducing government regulations and consumer protection. This was an important step in helping the poor.
Roosevelt had a strong personality and was a great speaker; he was a president who definitely left his mark on the US. (and not just on Mount Rushmore). He, like Abraham Lincoln, was batting for the underdogs, trying to help the poor get a better deal.
In the U.K., Winston Churchill had a long political career; but it was not until the Second World War that Churchill was really able to show his true colors. Churchill helped bring Britain through World War II, a time when it was certainly in need of a strong, outspoken leader. Churchill made great contributions to keeping morale high and the fighting spirit up. At much the same time, the second Roosevelt, FDR (Franklin Delano Roosevelt) was elected president in America. Roosevelt had contracted polio, but had fought through it; after this, during the Great Depression, Roosevelt became president. This dual victory spurred him on. FDR did many things to bring hope to America during these difficult days. In the first 100 days of his office, FDR passed major legislation and executive orders - these later became known as the New Deal. The New Deal was in some ways like the Square Deal, in that the poor benefited. The New Deal was a form of social welfare, and included jobs for the unemployed, economic growth and regulation of banks. FDR encouraged people to form labor unions and passed legislation that helped support farmers, with businesses being strictly regulated.
Roosevelt also helped the United States steer through the choppy waters of World War II. How interesting those photographs from Yalta - Stalin, Roosevelt and Churchill....three strong, opinionated leaders. One or two were slightly better than the others, but all were strong.
In the late 1970s Britain was crippled by strikes. The unions were strong, the government weak. Miner strikes were literally leaving the country in the dark. And then along came Margaret Thatcher. The lady who was not for turning. Because she did not waver, because she did not turn and because she did not compromise, Thatcher was able to haul Britain, screaming and kicking, out of the doldrums into which it had fallen. Many things, many important things, many valuable and good things, fell wayside...the sense of community in the British Isles took a beating as Yuppies ruled the roost and the individual became king. The NHS was damaged almost irreparably. But the country survived.
And now we look at America today...America seems to be a strong country; yet today a strong - although seriously worrying, racist, bigoted - candidate seems to be going from strength to strength.
So what challenges does this candidate, Donald Trump, offer a solution to? What are the challenges being faced by America? The challenges are out there, clear for everyone to see. Gun control, racism and a narrowly parochial paranoia. Unemployment, poverty, homelessness, and, again, racism. Guns have been falling into the hands of teenagers since the 1980s, but incidents of kids shooting up their schools are getting more and more frequent. Mad gunmen massacre innocent people at nightclubs, cinemas and shopping centers.
Racism is rampant, with black people being targeted by the police. There is talk of building walls to keep Mexicans out. There is talk of Muslims being deported or worse. The fire of racism is being fueled by Trump and his followers.
The paranoia has run so high that to many Trump seems a possible candidate. He speaks up for America. He wants to make America great again.
However, Trump is not talking about social welfare. He is not talking about helping the poor. He is talking about curbing big business, and controlling the banks. Much like FDR he might help the economy to grow, but unlike either Teddy or FDR, he is not concerned with the have-nots.
What Trump may bring is the end of the American system. The system has worn down; the ideas of all people being equal before God, of rights of man, of independence and freedom - all of these have slowly rotted away. Today there are many who want to see what is left of the system implode.
And then there are the many who actually want more guns, more racism, more parochial paranoia. There is no New Deal, no Square Deal. There isn't even a lady (or gentleman) who refuses to turn. There is no one looking out for the poor. There is no one saying "Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free..." The American dream is no more. Come November, it may become the American nightmare....Only time will tell.
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