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Natural Resources, Energy And Science Authority Of Sri Lanka Act
AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES, ENERGY AND SCIENCE AUTHORITY OF SRI LANKA ; TO SPECIFY THE POWERS, FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES OF THAT AUTHORITY; TO REPEAL THE NATIONAL SCIENCE COUNCIL OF SRI LANKA LAW NO. 36 OF 1975 ; AND TO PROVIDE FOR MATTERS CONNECTED WITH OR INCIDENTAL TO THE MATTERS AFORESAID.
BE it enacted by the Parliament of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka as follows :-
[31st December
, 1981 ]
Short title and date of operation..
1. This Act may be cited as the Natural Resources, Energy and Science Authority of Sri Lanka Act, No. 78 of 1981, and shall come into operation on such date as the Minister may appoint by Order published in the Gazette (in this Act referred to as the " appointed date ").
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES, ENERGY AND SCIENCE AUTHORITY OF SRI LANKA.
2. There shall be established an Authority which shall be called the Natural Resources, Energy and Science Authority of Sri Lanka (hereinafter referred to as the " Authority ") and which shall consist of the persons who are for the time being members of the Authority under subsection (1) of section 4.
The Authority to be a body corporate.
3. The Authority shall, by the name assigned to it by section 2, be a body corporate and shall have perpetual succession and a common seal and may sue and be sued in such name.
Members of the Authority.
(1) The Authority shall consist of not more than eleven members to be appointed by the Minister from among persons who appear to him to have had experience of, or to have shown capacity in, matters connected with natural resources, energy and power, and science and technology.
(2) The Minister shall appoint one of the members of the Authority to be the Director-General of the Authority.
(3) Every member of the Authority shall, unless he earlier vacates office by death, resignation or removal, hold office for a period of three years from the date of his appointment, and shall, unless he has been removed from office be eligible for reappointment.
(4) The Minister may, if he considers it expedient so to do, remove, by Order published in the Gazette, any member of the Authority without assigning any reason therefor.
(5) A member of the Authority in respect of whom an Order under subsection (4) is made by the Minister shall vacate his office on the date of publication of such Order in the Gazette.
(6) The removal of any member of the Authority under subsection (4) shall not be called in question in any court.
(7) A member of the Authority may, at any time, resign his office by letter addressed to the Minister, and such resignation shall not take effect until the Minister intimates in writing to such member that such resignation has been accepted.
(8) If a member of the Authority dies or resigns, or is removed from office, the Minister may having due regard to the provisions of subsection (1) appoint any other person to be a member in place of the member who dies, resigns, or is removed from office.
(9) A member appointed under subsection (8) shall, unless he earlier resigns or vacates office by death or removal, hold office for the unexpired period of the term of office of the member whom he succeeds.
(10) Where, a member of the Authority is, by reason of illness, infirmity or absence from Sri Lanka for a period of not less than three months, temporarily unable to perform the duties of his office, it shall be the duty of such member to inform the Minister in writing of such inability.The Minister may having due regard to the provisions of subsection (1), appoint another person to act in his place.
Disqualification from being appointed or being a member of the Authority.
5. A person shall be disqualified from being appointed or from continuing as a member of the Authority-
(a) if he is, or becomes, a Member of Parliament, or a member of any local authority ; or
(b) if he is not, or ceases to be, a citizen of Sri Lanka ; or
(c) if he is under any law in force in Sri Lanka or in any other country found or declared to be of unsound mind ; or
(d) if he is serving or has served a sentence of imprisonment imposed by any court in Sri Lanka or any other country.
The seal Authority.
(1) The seal of the Authority may be determined and devised by the Authority, and may be altered in such manner as may be determined by the Authority.
(2) The seal of the Authority shall be in the custody of such person as the Authority may decide from time to time.
(3) The seal of the Authority shall not be affixed to any instrument or document except with the sanction of the Authority and in the presence of two members of the Authority who shall sign the instrument or document in token of their presence.
(4) The Authority shall maintain a register of the instruments or documents to which the seal of the Authority is affixed.
Remuneration of members.
7. The members of the Authority may be paid such remuneration out of the Fund of the Authority as the Minister may, in consultation with the Minister in charge of the subject of Finance, determine.
Proceedings of the Authority.
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Authority may regulate the procedure in regard to the meetings of the Authority and the transaction of business at such meetings.
(2) The Director-General of the Authority shall preside at every meeting of the Authority at which he is present. In the absence of the Director-General from any meeting of the Authority, any member elected by the members present shall preside at such meeting.
(3) The person presiding at any meeting of the Authority shall, in addition to his own vote, have a casting vote.
(4) The quorum for any meeting of the Authority shall be six members.
(5) No act or proceeding of the Authority shall be invalid by reason only of the existence of any vacancy among the members or any defect in the appointment of any member.
DUTIES, FUNCTIONS AND POWERS OF THE AUTHORITY
Duties and functions of the Authority.
9. The duties and functions of the Authority shall be-
(a) to advise the Minister regarding-
(i) measures for the promotion and development of national self-reliance in the application of science and technology for the benefit of the people of Sri Lanka ;
(ii) policy and measures for the management and development of the natural resources of Sri Lanka in a manner consonant with the national interest ;
(iii) policy with regard to all aspects of the energy requirements of Sri Lanka as well as plans and programmes for the overall development of the energy resources of Sri Lanka and measures for the optimal use and conservation of energy ;
(iv) the formulation and implementation of a science policy and the review thereof ;
(v) the formulation and implementation of a technology policy and the review thereof :
(vi) the governance, management and direction of plans and programmes pertaining to the exploitation and development of natural resources and energy and the application and utilization of science and technology for the development of Sri Lanka through the respective and relevant Government departments, State institutions, local authorities,, public corporations and any other body of persons, being a body which does not receive financial assistance from the State, and which is registered or incorporated, as the case may be, under any law in force in Sri Lanka ;
(vii) the allocation of funds for the development of natural resources, energy resources and for scientific and technological research; and
(viii) any other matter that may be referred to the Authority by the Minister ;
(b) to collect and disseminate information, publish reports, periodicals and papers relating to natural resources and their systematic and co-ordinated exploitation and development, the exploitation and use of energy resources and the conservation of energy and any aspect relating to scientific and technical matters and to provide information and education to the public regarding such matters ;
(c) to establish and maintain liaison with individuals, associations or institutions in Sri Lanka and in other countries regarding matters relating to the development of natural resources and conservation and development of energy and concerning science and technology;
(d) to study and report on-
(i) the effective utilization of the available scientific and technological personnel in Sri Lanka ;
(ii) the future scientific and technological manpower requirements for implementation of the science policy of Sri Lanka ; and
(iii) the step? to be taken to provide adequate training facilities to meet future scientific and technological manpower requirements;
(e) to take cognizance of and report on subjects of national importance concerning scientific, technological, educational, sociological and economic matters in Sri Lanka ;
(f) to initiate, sponsor and support scientific and technological research with the following objectives:
(i) the development of the resources of Sri Lanka ;
(ii) the promotion of the welfare of the people of Sri Lanka; and
(iii) the advancement of science and technology in general in Sri Lanka; and
(g) to do such other things as may be necessary for the development of science and technology in Sri Lanka.
Powers of the Authority.
10. The Authority shall have such, powers, rights and authorities as may be necessary or expedient to carry out, its duties and in particular, it may-
(a) initiate, promote, conduct and co-ordinate research surveys and investigations regarding any aspect of the protection and development of the natural resources of Sri Lanka ;
(b) initiate, promote, conduct and co-ordinate research surveys and investigations regarding any aspect of the exploration, use and development of energy resources;
(c) erect, equip and maintain buildings and laboratories for research facilities or institute any research programme either independently or in association with any other person ;
(d) institute and award research fellowships, student- ships, scholarships, prizes and medals for work connected with exploration, use and development of natural resources and energy resources, and work connected with science and technology; and establish and manage a research fund or funds for promotion of research in these fields;
(e) make grants to any scientist or technologist or a team of such persons or any research institute or any university or any recognized scientific body to commence or continue a specific research project or projects;
(f) establish and maintain a scientific and technical documentation centre ;
(g) take and hold any property, movable or immovable, which may become vested in it by virtue of any purchase, grant, gift, testamentary disposition or otherwise, and subject to the rules of the Authority, sell, mortgage, lease, grant, convey, devise, assign, exchange or otherwise dispose of the same;
(h) to appoint such employees or agents as may be necessary for carrying out the functions of the Authority and to determine such remuneration as may have to be paid to such employees and agents ;
(i) make rules in respect of the administration of the affairs of the Authority ;
(j) invest the moneys of the Authority in such manner as may from time to time be determined by the Authority;
(k) with the approval of the Minister, establish working committees to assist the Authority in any aspect of its work, define the scope of work and authority of such committees, and appoint persons to such committees with the approval of the Minister ; and
(l) do all such other acts and things as are incidental to or consequential upon or connected with the exercise, performance and discharge of the powers duties and functions of the Authority.
Authority to comply with directions of the Minister.
11. In the exercise, performance and discharge of the powers, functions and duties of the Authority, the Minister may, as he deems necessary, issue any written, general or special directions to the Authority, whether in consultation with the Authority or otherwise, and the Authority shall comply with such directions.
STAFF OF THE AUTHORITY
Director-General of the Authority.
(1) The Director-General of the Authority shall be the chief executive officer of the Authority.
(2) The Director-General shall, subject to the general direction and control of the Authority, be charged with the direction of the business of the Authority, the organization and execution of the powers, functions and duties of the Authority and the administration and control of the employees of the Authority.
(3) If any vacancy occurs in the office of Director-General or if the Director-General by reason of leave, illness or other cause, is unable temporarily to perform the duties of his office, the Authority shall, as soon as possible, and subject to the approval of he Minister, appoint another person to act in the office of Director-General.
Appointment &c. of the staff of the Authority.
(1) The Authority may subject to the other provisions of this Act-
(a) appoint, dismiss and exercise disciplinary control over such as staff may be deemed necessary by the Authority to carry out the functions of the Authority ;
(b) fix the wages or salary or other remuneration of such staff ;
(c) determine the terms and conditions of the service of such staff ; and
(d) establish and regulate provident funds or schemes for the benefit of such staff and make contributions to any such fund or scheme.
(2) Rules may be made by the Authority in respect of all or any of the matters referred to in subsection (1).
(3) At the request of the Authority any officer in the public service may, with the consent of that officer and the Secretary to the Ministry of the Minister in charge of the subject of Public Administration, be temporarily appointed to the staff of the Authority for such period as may be determined by the Authority with like consent or with like consent be permanently appointed to such staff.
(4) Where any officer in the public service is temporarily appointed to the staff of the Authority, the provisions of subsection (2) of section 13 of the Transport Board Law, No'. 19 of 1978, shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to and in relation to him.
(5) Where any officer in the public service is permanently appointed to the staff of the Authority, the provisions of subsection (3) of section 13 of the Transport Board Law, No. 19 of 1978, shall, mutatis mutandis, apply to and in relation lo him.
(6) Where the Authority employs any person who has entered into a contract with the Government by which he has agreed to serve the Government for a specified period, any period of service with the Authority by that person shall be regarded as service to the Government for the purpose of discharging the obligations of such contract.
(7) At the request of the Authority any member of the Local Government Service of any other officer or servant of any local authority may, with the consent of such member, officer or servant and the Local Government Service Advisory Board or that local authority, as the case may be, be temporarily appointed to the staff of the Authority for such period as may be determined by the Authority with like consent or with like consent be permanently appointed to such staff on such terms and conditions including those relating to pension or provident fund rights as may be agreed upon by the Authority and the Local Government Service Advisory Board or that local authority, as the case may be.
(8) Where any person is temporarily appointed to the staff of the Authority in pursuance of the provisions of subsection (7), such person shall be subject to the same disciplinary control as any other member of such staff.
Fund of the Authority.
(1) The Authority shall have its own Fund.
(2) There shall be paid to the Fund of the Authority-
(a) all such sums of money as may be voted from time to time by Parliament for the use of the Authority ;
(b) all such sums of money as may be received by the Authority in the exercise, performance and discharge of its powers, duties and functions ;
(c) all such sums of money as may be received by the Authority by way of loans, donations,gifts or grants from any source whatsoever ; and
(d) all sums accruing to the credit of the Authority.
(3) The Authority may utilize the funds of the Authority for the purpose of defraying any expenditure incurred in the management of the affairs of the Authority, the transaction of business of the Authority, the payment of remuneration to the members of the Authority and the employees .of the Authority, the exercise of the powers and the performance of the duties and functions of the Authority under this Act and other written law, and for such other purposes as the Authority may authorize from time to time.
Borrowing powers of the Authority.
15. The Authority may, with the consent of the Minister or in accordance with the terms of any general authority given by him, borrow temporarily, by way of overdraft or otherwise, such sums as the Authority may require for meeting the obligations of the Authority in discharging its duties under this Act:
Provided that the aggregate of the amounts .outstanding in respect of any temporary loans raised by the Authority under this section shall not at any time exceed such sum as may be determined by the Minister in consultation with the Minister in charge of the subject of Finance.
Financial year and the audit of accounts of the Authority.
(1) the financial year of the Authority shall be the calendar year.
(2) The Authority shall cause proper books of accounts to be kept of the income and expenditure, assets and liabilities and all other transactions of the Authority.
(3) The provisions of Article 154 of the Constitution relating to the audit of the accounts of public corporations shall apply to the audit of the accounts of the Authority.
Delegation of powers, duties and functions.
(1) The Authority may by order delegate any of its powers, duties and functions under this Act to any Government department, public corporation or local authority, or to any Working Committee established by the Authority,
(2) An order made under subsection (1) may be revoked or varied at any time by the Authority,
(3) An order under subsection (1) shall not be made by the Authority-
(a) in respect of any Government department, except with the concurrence of the Minister in charge of such Government department;
(b) in respect of any public corporation, except with the concurrence of the Minister in charge of such public corporation ; and
(c) in respect of any local authority, except with the concurrence of the Minister in charge of the subject of Local Government.
Members, officers and servants of the Authority deemed to be public servants.
18. All members, officers and servants of the Authority shall be deemed to be public servants within the meaning of and for the purposes of, the Penal Code.
The Authority deemed to be a scheduled institution within the meaning of the Bribery Act.
19. The Authority shall be deemed to be a scheduled institution within the meaning of the Bribery Act and the provisions of that Act shall be construed accordingly.
(1) No suit or prosecution shall lie-
(a) against the Authority for any act which in good faith is done or purported to be done by the Authority under this Act;
(b) against any member, officer, servant or agent of the Authority for any act which in good faith is done or purported to be done by him under this Act, or on the direction of the Authority.
(2) Any expense incurred by the Authority in any suit or prosecution brought by or against the Authority before any court shall be paid out of the Fund of the Authority and any costs paid to, or recovered by, the Authority in any such suit or prosecution shall be credited to the Fund of the Authority.
(3) Any expenses incurred by any such person as is referred to in paragraph (b) of subsection (1) in any suit or prosecution brought against him before any court in respect of any act which is done or is purported to be done by him under this Act or on the direction of the Authority shall, if the court holds that such act was done in good faith, be paid out of the Fund of the Authority, unless such expense is recovered by him in such suit or prosecution.
No writ to issue against person or property of a member of the Authority.
21. No writ against person or property shall be issued against any member of the Authority in any action brought against the Authority.
Power of Authority to make rules.
(1) The Authority may make rules in respect of all any of the matters for which rules are authorized or required by this Act to be made.
(2) No rule made by the Authority under this Act shall have effect until it has been approved by the Minister.
Acquisition of immovable property under the Land Acquisition Act.
(1) Where any immovable property is required to be acquired for the purpose of the business of the Authority and the Minister, by Order published in the Gazette, approves of the proposed acquisition, that property shall be deemed to be required for a public purpose and may accordingly be acquired under the Land Acquisition Act and be transferred to the Authority.
(2) Any sum payable for the acquisition of any immovable property under the Land Acquisition Act for the Authority shall be paid by the Authority.
State property both movable and immovable, to be made available to the Authority.
(1) Where any immovable property of the State is required for the purpose of any business of the Authority, such purpose shall be deemed to be a purpose for which a special grant or lease of such property may be made under section 6 of the Crown Lands Ordinance, and accordingly the provisions of that Ordinance shall apply to a special grant or lease of such property to the Authority.
(2) Where any movable property of the State is required for the purpose of the Authority, the Minister may, by Order published in the Gazette, transfer to and vast in 'the Authority the possession and use of such movable property.
Returns and information.
(1) For the purpose of enabling the Authority to exercise, perform and discharge any of its powers duties and functions under sections 9 and 10 of this Act, the Authority or any person authorized in that behalf by the Authority may by notice in writing require any person to furnish to the Authority or to the person so authorized, within such period as shall be specified in the notice, all such returns or information as shall be specified in such notice.
(2) It shall be the duty of any person who is required to furnish any return or information by a notice under subsection (1) to comply with such requirement within the time specified in such notice, except where such person is precluded from making such return or divulging such information under the provisions of any law.
power to enter any land or premises.
26. Any officer or servant of the Authority who is generally or specially authorized in that behalf by the Authority may, after giving at least fourteen days' notice in writing to the owner or occupier of any land or premises, enter upon such land or premises and there do such acts as may be reasonably necessary for the purpose of carrying out any work of the Authority, or of making any investigation or examination, preliminary or incidental to the exercise of any power, or the discharge of any function, of the Authority.
Offences and penalties.
(1) Every person who-
(a) knowingly makes any false or incorrect statement in any return or other document made or furnished under or for the purposes of this Act; or
(b) fails or refuses to furnish any information or return required under this Act to be furnished by him ; or
(c) resists or obstructs any person in the exercise, discharge or performance of any power, function or duty conferred or imposed upon that person by or under this Act;
(d) being a member or officer or servant of the Authority, discloses any information obtained by him in, or in connection with, the exercise of his powers or the performance of his duties under this Act, to any person other than a person to whom such information is necessary for the purpose of the exercise of any power or the performance of any duty under this Act; or
(e) contravenes or fails to comply with any provision of this Act or rule made under this Act, shall be guilty of an offence under this Act.
(2) Every person who commits an offence under this Act shall, on conviction after trial before a Magistrate, be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred rupees.
Exemption from taxes and duties.
28. The Authority shall be exempt from the payment of any customs or excise duty on any goods imported or purchased out of bond by the Authority, if the Minister in consultation with the Minister in charge of the subject of Finance approves of such exemption.
This Act to prevail over other written law.
29.The provisions of this Act shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in any other law, and accordingly in the event of any conflict or inconsistency between the provisions of this Act and such other law, the provisions of this Act shall prevail.
PART VI
REPEAL AND TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
Repeal of Law No. 36 of 1975.
30. The National Science council of Sri Lanka Law, No.36 of 1975, is hereby repealed.
Transitional provisions.
31. On the appointed date-
(a) all officers and servants in the service of the Council shall be deemed to be officers and servants in the service of the Authority, and shall hold their offices with as nearly as may be the same status and on the terms, including terms relating to salary or wages, the termination of employment, allowances, or other benefits as they had or enjoyed in the service of the Council;
(b) all decisions made by the Council shall be deemed to be decisions made by the Authority;
(c) all debts, obligations and liabilities incurred and all contracts, deeds, bonds, agreements and other instruments executed or entered into and all matters and things engaged to be done by, with or for the Council, shall be deemed to have been incurred, executed, entered into or engaged to be done by, with or for the Authority;
(d) all suits, prosecutions, appeals or other legal proceedings, civil and criminal, instituted or which might have been instituted, by or against the Council, subject to the provisions of this Act and of any other written law shall be continued or instituted by or against the Authority;
(e) all decrees or orders made by a competent court in favour of, or against, the Council, shall be deemed to have been made in favour of, or against, the Authority ;
(f) all property, movable or immovable, which has been vested in, or legally purchased or acquired by, or leased to, or placed at the disposal of, or in any other manner transferred to the Council or is in its possession or control shall be held by or in trust; for the Authority, subject to the trusts,., charges, liabilities, reservations, servitudes or other encumbrances and on the terms and conditions pertaining, attaching or applicable thereto ;
(g) all rules made by the Council shall be deemed to be rules made by the Authority;
(h) the Fund of the Council established under section 22 of the National Science Council of Sri Lanka Law, No, 36 of 1975, shall be deemed to be the Fund of the Authority.
32. In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires-
"Council" means the council established under the National Science of sri Lanka Law, No. 36 of 1975 ;
"local authority" means any Municipal Council Urban Council, Town Council or Village Council and includes any Authority created and established by or under any law to exercise, perform and discharge powers, duties and functions corresponding to or similar to the powers duties and functions exercised performed and discharged by any such Council ; and
"public corporation " means any corporation, board or other body which was or is established by or under any written law other than the Companies Ordinance, with funds or capital wholly or partly provided by the Government by way of grant, loan or otherwise.
© Copyright 2016. Ministry of Justice - Sri Lanka. All Rights Reserved
Developed by Lanka Logistics & Technologies Ltd. - Ministry of Defence


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Birthday Get togethers seem to be in full force among my friends right now! One of my favourite parts is picking out a present that I think would be perfect for each friend. The hard part can sometimes be when I am not super close they have everything they want to try and find the perfect gift. I know that I am not the only one that shares this struggle so I though I would help you out with some ideas that I have come up with that are NOT a gift card.
Make it a Theme – Sometimes they don't know what they want but you know a few things they love like getting glam or coffee. I love grabbing a bunch of things that scream that theme and putting them together . For example if they love spa nights pick out things like bath bombs and a makeup container then you can throw in some Sephora samples and a face mask and there you go!
Go in Together – sometimes the reason that you can't find anything they would like is because everything is too expensive. If that is the case grab 1 or 2 friends and get them something bigger, they might also have some good ideas!
Spend Time Together – another fun thing to do might be to just hang out with them. If there is a place they love to go or they love shopping you can write in the card you will take them there for a girls day. They if there is something that they want to get that is in your price range buy it for them!
Make Something – It can always be fun to get something handmade. If could be a piece of hanging art, decorate a mug, or make your own bath bombs!
Get a Plant – plants are adorable and almost universally loved. If you don't know the person too well I would recommend getting a cacti or a succulent in case they are not great with watering but if they are get them something in their favourite colour or to match their room!
Something Matching – Get them something to commemorate your friendship like matching necklaces or rings. It could even be a fun shirt that you both get!
I hope thins helped you for your next birthday shopping trip so it is less hectic!


I've grown weary of the never-ending speculation regarding who told Susan Rice to lie (on the Sunday talk shows) about an anti-Muslim video being responsible for the Benghazi terrorist attack. Unfortunately, the Obama administration and the mainstream media should be recognized for "mission accomplished" by burying the significance of this debacle, in order to improve his chances for re-election, effectively sacrificing Rice as the clueless scapegoat when the truth surfaced.
In reality, Barack Obama (and Hillary Clinton) continued to reference the ever-convenient video charade, long after it had been established that this was a coordinated and pre-planned terror operation, perpetrated by Muslim extremists with ties to al-Qaida. Sadly, the only person punished thus far is the poor guy who made the video — incarcerated over a year on a trumped-up probation violation.
Obama went on national television, repeating the same video-related lie, on more than one occasion, days later (subsequently announcing it to the world at a UN speech). He couldn't afford to tell the truth, nor send help for the victims once the attack began, because it exposed his failed policies in Libya, and dealing with Muslim extremists.
The lack of response to pleas for additional security, prior to the slaughter, rests primarily with Clinton. Choosing not to deploy rescue forces (nobody knew how long the attack might continue) should haunt our AWOL "commander-in-chief" to his grave. Everyone could have died.
All to win an election. Before you liberals yawn this away, consider if your sons had been sacrificed so senselessly.


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Barbara Streisand is getting back into the director's chair for her first major project since 1996's The Mirror Has Two Faces.
The Hollywood Reporter confirms that Streisand will direct a biopic of Catherine the Great, the longest-ruling female leader of Russia.
Catherine the Great came to power in 1762 when her husband, Peter III, was assassinated. She ruled until 1796.
According to The Wrap, the script was the winner of the 2014 Blacklist award, which is given to the best unproduced screenplay. Life of Pi producer Gil Netter is attached to the project.
Streisand has directed classic films such as 1983's Yentl and 1991's The Prince of Tides.
Barbara Streisand was recently honored with the country's highest civilian honor, the Presidential Medal of Freedom.


text:
SEARCH PARTY
How a wink charmed Indians on Google in 2018
Hello. Is it me you're searching for?
Image: REUTERS/Francois Lenoir
Aria Thaker
The FIFA World Cup, the price of bitcoin, and a winking actress were among the favourite topics India searched for on the internet in 2018.
On Dec. 12, Google India released the top search trends of the past year, broken down into several lists categorised by type. Terms were ranked according to how strong their spike in searches was this year as compared to last year.
The top three searches overall were sports-related. The FIFA World Cup 2018 held in Russia this year headed the list. "Live score" trended the second most, and the Indian Premier League cricket tournament came in third.
Quite a few of Google's toppers in India this year were political subjects. "Karnataka election results," referring to the state assembly poll held in May, was the fourth most popular trending search overall.
Here are the top searches overall:
Karnataka election results
Baal Veer
Robot 2.0
Motu Patlu
Perhaps the most surprising part was the fact that Priya Prakash Varrier, a minor celebrity, topped the list of trending personalities. The 19-year-old actress from the southern state of Kerala shot to brief, viral fame with a saucy wink in a music video teaser this February, and has barely been seen in national media since. She beat far more famous stars, like Bollywood actors Priyanka Chopra and Salman Khan, to the top spot.
Absent entirely from Google's lists, however, was actress Sunny Leone, who has been the top searched personality for several years, including in 2015 and 2017.
Anand Ahuja
Okay, Google
Google has also revealed the top 10 searches in India that began with the words "What is…"
At the top of this list was "What is section 377." Section 377 was a colonial-era law that criminalised homosexuality, which was struck down by India's supreme court in early September. Quite a few of the other "What is" searches were political as well, including "What is happening in Syria" coming in second place, and "What is me too campaign" coming in fourth. India saw a large #MeToo wave this year, with many high-profile men accused of sexual harassment in the journalism and entertainment fields facing consequences for their actions.
What is….
What is happening in Syria
What is kiki challenge
What is me too campaign
What is ball tampering
What is Nipah virus
What is cardiac arrest
What is lunar eclipse
What is no confidence motion
What is SC ST act
Other terms on the list of top 10 news searches were related to the price of bitcoin, the Statue of Unity—now the world's tallest statue, unveiled in Gujarat in October—and the weddings of three different Bollywood celebrities.
Top searches that began with "How to" saw Indians trying to learn how to send stickers to one another on WhatsApp, how to invest in bitcoin, and how to link one's Aadhaar, a biometrics-based identity number, with one's mobile number.
How to send stickers on Whatsapp
How to link Aadhaar with mobile number
How to make rangoli
How to port mobile number
Ayushman Bharat how to apply
How to remove colour from face
How to check 10th result 2018
How to solve Rubik's cube
How to check name in NRC Assam

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A Giveaway to say thanks!
In any case, two amazing authors have agreed to give away autographed copies of their books. They also happen to be the co-editors of The Reverie: Laura A. Lord and HastyWords. (Check out their writing, because they're awesome.) I'll be giving one of mine as well. Here's the raffle down below. Be sure to enter and send this link to a friend! Thanks so much and look forward to the future you guys. I've got some things up my sleeve.


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text:
export const ADD_SOURCE = 'dnd-core/ADD_SOURCE';
export const ADD_TARGET = 'dnd-core/ADD_TARGET';
export const REMOVE_SOURCE = 'dnd-core/REMOVE_SOURCE';
export const REMOVE_TARGET = 'dnd-core/REMOVE_TARGET';

export function addSource(sourceId) {
  return {
    type: ADD_SOURCE,
    sourceId
  };
}

export function addTarget(targetId) {
  return {
    type: ADD_TARGET,
    targetId
  };
}

export function removeSource(sourceId) {
  return {
    type: REMOVE_SOURCE,
    sourceId
  };
}

export function removeTarget(targetId) {
  return {
    type: REMOVE_TARGET,
    targetId
  };
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Morone americana
(White Perch)
Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789)
Common name: White Perch
Identification: Woolcott (1962); Mansueti (1964); Smith (1985); Page and Burr (1991); Jenkins and Burkhead (1994).
Native Range: Atlantic Slope drainages from St. Lawrence-Lake Ontario drainage, Quebec, south to Pee Dee River, South Carolina (Page and Burr 1991). Populations in Lake Ontario drainage probably became established following construction of the Erie Canal.
Table 1. States with nonindigenous occurrences, the earliest and latest observations in each state, and the tally and names of HUCs with observations†. Names and dates are hyperlinked to their relevant specimen records. The list of references for all nonindigenous occurrences of Morone americana are found here.
AL 1988 1988 1 Lower Tallapoosa
AR 2006 2018 2 Dardanelle Reservoir; Lake Conway-Point Remove
CO 1971 1971 *
CT 1976 1976 2 Farmington; Quinebaug
IL 1988 2018 12 Cache; Des Plaines; Flint-Henderson; Kankakee; Lake Michigan; Little Calumet-Galien; Lower Illinois; Lower Illinois-Lake Chautauqua; Lower Illinois-Senachwine Lake; Peruque-Piasa; Upper Illinois; Upper Mississippi-Cape Girardeau
IN 1901 2002 5 Chicago; Kankakee; Lake Michigan; Little Calumet-Galien; Ohio Region
IA 1980 2004 3 Big Papillion-Mosquito; Blackbird-Soldier; Keg-Weeping Water
KS 1995 2020 14 Big Nemaha; Buckner; Gar-Peace; Independence-Sugar; Kaw Lake; Little Arkansas; Lower Missouri-Blackwater; Lower Saline; Middle Arkansas-Slate; Ninnescah; North Fork Ninnescah; South Fork Ninnescah; Upper Saline; Upper Walnut River
LA 1997 1997 1 Lower Mississippi-New Orleans
ME 1991 2020 5 Aroostook; New England Region; Piscataquis; Upper Kennebec; West Branch Penobscot
MA 1980 2020 5 Chicopee; Concord; Middle Connecticut; Nashua; New England Region
MI 1977 2021 11 Black-Macatawa; Clinton; Detroit; Lake Erie; Lake Huron; Lake St. Clair; Lower Grand; Ottawa-Stony; Saginaw; St. Clair; St. Marys
MN 1986 2017 4 Beartrap-Nemadji; Beaver-Lester; Lake Superior; St. Louis
MO 1983 2008 5 Independence-Sugar; Lower Missouri; Lower Missouri-Moreau; Peruque-Piasa; Tarkio-Wolf
NE 1964 2009 9 Harlan County Reservoir; Lower Platte; Lower Platte; Middle Platte-Buffalo; Penobscot; Salt; Tarkio-Wolf; Upper Middle Loup; Upper Niobrara
NH 1922 1980 8 Black-Ottauquechee; Contoocook; Middle Connecticut; New England; Pemigewasset; Upper Connecticut-Mascoma; Waits; West
NJ 2019 2019 1 Rondout
NY 1934 2015 9 Conewango; Lake Champlain; Lake Erie; Lake Ontario; Mohawk; Oak Orchard-Twelvemile; Oneida; Salmon-Sandy; Seneca
NC 1988 2019 6 Deep; Haw; South Yadkin; Upper Catawba; Upper Dan; Upper Yadkin
OH 1953 2017 18 Ashtabula-Chagrin; Black-Rocky; Cedar-Portage; Cuyahoga; Grand; Huron-Vermilion; Lake Erie; Little Miami; Little Muskingum-Middle Island; Lower Maumee; Mahoning; Muskingum; Raccoon-Symmes; Sandusky; Tuscarawas; Upper Ohio; Upper Ohio-Shade; Upper Scioto
OK 2000 2020 4 Black Bear-Red Rock; Kaw Lake; Lower Cimarron; Robert S. Kerr Reservoir
PA 1953 2012 3 Chautauqua-Conneaut; Lake Erie; Upper Allegheny
SC 1991 2021 6 Congaree; Edisto River; Lake Marion; Saluda; Santee; Wateree
VT 1884 2020 5 Lake Champlain; Mettawee River; Richelieu; Richelieu River; St. Francois River
VA 1977 2004 4 Lower Dan; Middle Roanoke; Upper Roanoke; Upper Yadkin
WV 1920 1995 2 Potomac; Upper Ohio-Shade
WI 1984 2015 11 Beartrap-Nemadji; Castle Rock; Door-Kewaunee; Duck-Pensaukee; Lake Michigan; Lake Superior; Lower Fox; Manitowoc-Sheboygan; Milwaukee; St. Louis; Upper Rock
* HUCs are not listed for states where the observation(s) cannot be approximated to a HUC (e.g. state centroids or Canadian provinces).
Means of Introduction: The first report of White Perch in the Great Lakes drainage was from Cross Lake, central New York, in 1950 (Dence 1952). The species apparently gained access to the lake via movement through the Erie Barge Canal in the 1930s and 1950s (Lee et al. 1980 et seq.; Johnson and Evans 1990; Mills et al. 1993). Scott and Christie (1963) stated that the White Perch most likely gained access to Lake Ontario via the Oswego River, as a result of spread of Hudson River populations northward and westward through the Mohawk River Valley and Erie Barge Canal. Once in Lake Ontario, it gained access to Lake Erie through the Welland Canal in 1953 and continued to spread to the upper Great Lakes (Johnson and Evans 1990; Mills et al. 1993). The first reports of westward movement through the Great Lakes are as follows: Lake Erie in 1953 (Larsen 1954), Lake St. Clair in 1977, Lake Huron in 1987 (Johnson and Evans 1990), Lake Michigan at Green Bay-Fox River, Wisconsin in May 1988 (Cochran and Hesse 1994), and Illinois waters of Lake Michigan off Chicago in September 1988 (Savitz et al. 1989). One oddity is that the first record from Lake Superior was in 1986 from Duluth Harbor-one year before the fish was found in Lake Huron, and two years before it was seen in Lake Michigan. The Duluth Harbor population may be restricted to that location because it is the warmest part of the lake. This population likely represents a separate introduction because it does not fit the pattern of western dispersal (Johnson and Evans 1990). In this case it is possible that the introduction occurred via ships' ballast water.
White Perch was brought from New Jersey to Nebraska in 1964, and fry produced that year in a hatchery were accidentally introduced into a reservoir that provided access to the Missouri River (Hergenrader and Bliss 1971). White Perch has been stocked intentionally in other areas for sportfishing. In Kansas, fish found at Browning Oxbow on the Missouri River are believed to have come from Nebraska. The species was not recorded from Missouri River in Missouri until the 1990s (Pflieger 1997). The source of the fish in the two Kansas reservoirs is a result of stock contamination from a striped bass stocking (Mosher, personal communication). White Perch were stocked in West Virginia in the early 1900s (Cincotta, personal communication) and are being illegally stocked by individuals in inland lakes in Indiana (R. Robertson and D. Keller, personal communication).
Status: Established in all five Great Lakes and their surrounding states, as well as in Kentucky, Massachusetts, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Vermont. Current status in Colorado and Kansas is unknown.
Impact of Introduction: Fish eggs are an important component of the diet of White Perch especially in the spring months. White Perch generally preys on eggs of Walleye Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, White Bass Morone chrysops, other species, and can cannabilize its own eggs (Schaeffer and Margraf 1987). Walleye or White Bass eggs can make up 100% of White Perch diet depending on which fish is spawning. During a three-year study, this diet was found to be unique in that: 1) eggs were eaten for a comparatively long time, 2) they were the only significant food item eaten by adults during two of the three years, 3) large volumes were eaten per individual, and 4) most fish were feeding. White Perch also feeds heavily on minnows Notropis spp. (Schaeffer and Margraf 1987). The collapse of the Walleye fishery in the Bay of Quinte (on the north shore of Lake Ontario) coincided with the increase in the White Perch population and may have been a result of egg predation and lack of recruitment (Schaeffer and Margraf 1987).
Bur and Klarer (1991) found that Morone americana has a large portion of its diet consisting of zooplankton in the central basin of Lake Erie. In comparison to available zooplankton, a disproportionately large amount was the invasive Bythotrephes cederstroemi (Bur and Klarer 1991).
Parrish and Margraf (1990) hypothesized that White Perch compete with native Yellow Perch Perca flavescens for zooplankton. They determined that growth rates of Yellow Perch had declined since the invasion of White Perch in Lake Erie, especially in the western basin. They also determined that the two species had considerable diet overlap and found one sample in which White Perch consumed 27 percent more food than Yellow Perch.
Parrish and Margraf (1994) speculated that competition between White Perch and forage fishes, such as Emerald Shiner Notropis atherinoides and Spottail Shiner N. hudsonius, may actually be more complex and may be responsible for the declines of the latter species. Decline of these species could also affect Walleye Stizostedion vitreum, the top predator in Lake Erie (Parrish and Margraf 1994).
Within three years after being introduced into a Nebraska reservoir, White Perch had completely replaced the previously dominant Black Bullhead Ameiurus melas. Species composition changed from 74 percent Black Bullhead to 70 percent White Perch in that timeframe (Hergenrader and Bliss 1971).
Feiner et al. (2013a, b) found significant overlap in trophic niche and resource use between White Perch and Walleye Sander vitreus, Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides, Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus, Striped Bass M. saxatilis, and White Bass M. chryops in three lakes in North Carolina, suggesting the potential for resource competition.
Hybridization:
Invasion of the Great Lakes brought White Perch into sympatric distribution with White Bass, a closely related but previously allopatric species, allowing hybridization to occur. White Perch x White Bass hybrids have been reported in western Lake Erie, in Ohio and Michigan, and from the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers in Michigan (Todd 1986). Hybrids were first noted in western Lake Erie in the early 1980s, as White Perch were increasing in this region (Todd 1986). These hybrids probably occur in other Great Lakes because the two species are sympatric throughout the chain of lakes. However, Todd was not aware of any other locations with these hybrids, and his extensive surveys around Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, and Lake Ontario in the mid-1980s failed to find any (Todd, personal communication). Todd (1986) provided photographs of both parent species and the hybrid and gave characteristics of each. Because these hybrids are capable of backcrossing with the parental species, and possibly producing of F2 hybrids by crossing amongst themselves (Todd 1986), they dilute the gene pool of each parent species. The White Perch x White Bass hybrid is the first naturally occurring Morone hybrid known (Todd 1986). Hybrids of M. americana and M. mississippiensis were first found in 2000 in the middle Illinois River (Irons et al. 2002). Hybridization and competition may represent another threat to the already dwindling Yellow Bass of that region.
Remarks: Although the White Perch was found in the Missouri River in Missouri almost to the Missouri/Iowa state border (Pflieger 1997), as of March 1998, there are no known collections in the state of Iowa (M. Konrad, personal communication).
Feiner et al. (2012) found life history differences (e.g., growth rate, reproductive investment) across introduced populations within three large reservoirs in North Carolina representing different stages of invasion, and suggest that this plasticity allows for increased success during establishment. Feiner et al. (2013a) found that populations in the North Carolina reservoirs occupied a wide trophic niche, and suggested that niche breadth likely also aides establishment success. Pothoven and Höök (2015) found overlap in standard diet assemblages of age-0 White Perch and White Bass in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron, indicating that complete trophic separation was not a requirement for long-term stable coexistence.
White Perch is one of the most frequently found prey items in the diet of the Double-Crested Cormorant in the southern basin of Lake Michigan (Madura and Jones 2016).
Associated Press. 2003. The first white perch on record shows up in Chequamegon Bay. Wisconsin State Journal. Madison.com. July 25, 2003: B5.
Boxrucker, J. pers. comm. Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation, Norman, OK.
Brown, R.W., M. Ebener, and T. Gorenflo. 1999. Great Lakes commercial fisheries: historical overview and prognosis for the future. In Great Lakes Fisheries Policy and Management: A Binational Perspective. Taylor, W.W., and C.P. Ferreri (Eds.). Michigan State University Press, East Lansing, MI, pp. 307-354.
Bur, M.T., and D.M. Klarer. 1991. Prey selection for the exotic cladoceran Bythotrephes cederstroemi by selected Lake Erie fishes. Journal of Great Lakes Research 17(1):85-93.
Burr, B.M., D.J. Eisenhour, K.M. Cook, C.A. Taylor, G.L. Seegert, R.W. Sauer, and E.R. Atwood. 1996. Nonnative fishes in Illinois waters: What do the records reveal? Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 89(1/2):73-91.
Busch, W.N., D.H. Davies, and S.J. Nepszy. 1977. Establishment of white perch, Morone americana, in Lake Erie. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada 34:1039-1041.
Cincotta, D. – West Virginia Department of Natural Resources, Elkville.
Clearwater, S.J., C.W. Hickey, and M.L. Martin. 2008. Overview of potential piscicides and molluscicides for controlling aquatic pest species in New Zealand. Science & Technical Publishing, New Zealand Department of Conservation, Wellington, New Zealand.
Cochran, P.A., and P.J. Hesse. 1994. Observations on the white perch (Morone americana) early in its invasion of Wisconsin. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Science, Arts and Letters 82:23-58.
Couture, S. C. and M. C. Watzin. 2008. Diet of invasive adult white perch (Morone americana) and their effects on the zooplankton community in Missisquoi Bay, Lake Champlain. Journal of Great Lakes Research 34(3):485-494.
Cross, F.B., R.L. Mayden, and J.D. Stewart. 1986. Fishes in the western Mississippi drainage. Pages 363-412 in C. H. Hocutt, and E. O. Wiley, editors. The Zoogeography of North American Freshwater Fishes. John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Czypinski, G.D., A.K. Bowen, M.T. Weimer, A. Dextrase. 2001. Surveillance for ruffe in the Great Lakes, 2001. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ashland, WI. 36 pp.
Dann, S.L., and B.C. Schroeder. 2003. The Life of the Lakes: A Guide to the Great Lakes Fishery. Michigan Sea Grant, 56 pp.
Dence, W.A. 1952. Establishment of white perch, Morone americana, in central New York. Copeia 1952(3):200-201.
Emery, L. 1985. Review of fish introduced into the Great Lakes, 1819-1974. Great Lakes Fishery Commission Technical Report, volume 45. 31 pp.
Everhart, W.H., and W.R. Seaman. 1971. Fishes of Colorado. Colorado Game, Fish and Parks Division, Denver, CO.
Feiner, Z.S., D.D. Aday, and J.A. Rice. 2012. Phenotypic shifts in white perch life history strategy across stages of invasion. Biological Invasions 14(11):2315-2329.
Feiner, Z.S., J.A. Rice, and D.D. Aday. 2013. Trophic niche of invasive white perch and potential interactions with representative reservoir species. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142(3):628-641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.763854
Feiner, Z.S., J.A. Rice, A.J. Bunch, and D.D. Aday. 2013. Trophic niche and diet overlap between invasive White Perch and resident White Bass in a southeastern reservoir. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 142(4):912-919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00028487.2013.788563.
GLMRIS. 2012. Appendix C: Inventory of Available Controls for Aquatic Nuisance Species of Concern, Chicago Area Waterway System. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
Good, S. - Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, Pittsford, VT.
Halliwell, D.B. 2003. Introduced Fish in Maine. MABP series: Focus on Freshwater Biodiversity.
Hartel, K.E. 1992. Non-native fishes known from Massachusetts freshwaters. Occasional Reports of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Fish Department, Cambridge, MA. 2. September. pp. 1-9.
Hergenrader, G.L., and Q.P. Bliss. 1971. The white perch in Nebraska. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 100(4):734-738.
Horner, R. - Fish Pathology and Aquaculture Coordinator, State of Illinois, Manito, IL. Response to NBS-G nonindigenous questionnaire. 1992.
International Joint Commission. 2011. 2009-2011 Priority Cycle Report on Binational Aquatic Invasive Species Rapid Response. Prepared by the Binational Aquatic Invasive Species Rapid Response Work Group for the International Joint Commission. Canada and the United States.
Irons, K.S., T.M. O'Hara, M.A. McClelland, and M.A. Pegg. 2002. White perch occurrence, spread, and hybridization in the middle Illinois River, upper Mississippi River system. Transactions of the Illinois State Academy of Science 95(3):207-214.
Jenkins, R.E., and N.M. Burkhead. 1994. Freshwater fishes of Virginia. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD.
Johnson, T.B., and D.O. Evans. 1990. Size-dependent winter mortality of young-of-the-year white perch: climate warming and invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 119:301-313.
Konrad, M. – Iowa Department of Natural Resources, Des Moines.
Larsen, L. 1954. First record of the white perch (Morone americana) in Lake Erie. Copeia 1954(2):154.
Lee, D.S., C.R. Gilbert, C.H. Hocutt, R.E. Jenkins, D.E. McAllister, and J.R. Stauffer, Jr. 1980 et seq. Atlas of North American freshwater fishes. North Carolina State Museum of Natural History, Raleigh, NC.
Madenjian, C.P., R.L. Knight, M.T. Bur, and J.L. Forney. 2000. Reduction in recruitment of white bass in Lake Erie after invasion of white perch. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 129(6):1340-1353.
Madura, P.T., and H.P. Jones. 2016. Invasive species sustain double-crested cormorants in southern Lake Michigan. Journal of Great Lakes Research 42(2):413-420.
Mansueti, R.J. 1964. Eggs, larvae, and young of the white perch, Roccus americanus, with comments on its ecology in the estuary. Chesapeake Science 5(1-2):3-45.
Mills, E.L., J.H. Leach, J.T. Carlton, and C.L. Secor. 1993. Exotic species in the Great Lakes: a history of biotic crisis and anthropogenic introductions. Journal of Great Lakes Research 19(1):1-54.
Morris, J., L. Morris, and L. Witt. 1974. The fishes of Nebraska. Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, Lincoln, NE.
Mosher, T. – Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Emporia, KS.
Page, L.M., and B.M. Burr. 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. The Peterson Field Guide Series, volume 42. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, MA.
Parrish, D.L., and F.J. Margraf. 1990. Interactions between white perch (Morone americana) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) in Lake Erie as determined from feeding and growth. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science 47(9):1779-1787.
Parrish, D.L., and F.J. Margraf. 1994. Spatial and temporal patterns of food use by white perch and yellow perch in Lake Erie. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 9(1):29-35.
Pflieger, W.L. 1997. The fishes of Missouri. Missouri Department of Conservation, Jefferson City, MO.
Plosila, D.S., and L.J. Nashett. 1990. First reported occurrence of white perch in Lake Champlain. New York Department of Environmental Conservation, Bureau of Fisheries. Albany, NY.
Pothoven, S.A., and T.O. Höök. 2015. Feeding ecology of invasive age-0 white perch and native white bass after two decades of co-existence in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Aquatic Invasions 10(3):347-357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3391/ai.2015.10.3.10
Rasmussen, J.L. 1998. Aquatic nuisance species of the Mississippi River basin. 60th Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, Aquatic Nuisance Species Symposium, Dec. 7, 1998. Cincinnati, OH.
Savitz, J., C. Aiello, and L.G. Bardygula. 1989. The first record of the white perch (Morone americana) in Illinois waters of Lake Michigan. Transactions of the Illinois Academy of Science 82(1&2):57-58.
Scarola, J.F. 1973. Freshwater fishes of New Hampshire. New Hampshire Fish and Game Department, Division of Inland and Marine Fisheries.
Schaeffer, J.S., and F.J. Margraf. 1987. Predation on fish eggs by white perch, Morone americana, in western Lake Erie. Environmental Biology of Fishes 18(1):77-80.
Scheidegger, K. - Bureau of Fisheries Management, Madison, WI. Response to NBS-G non-indigenous questionnaire. 1992.
Scott, W.B., and W.J. Christie. 1963. The invasion of the lower Great Lakes by white perch, Roccus americanus (Gmelin). Journal of Fisheries Research Board of Canada 20(5):1189-1195.
Scott, W.B., and E.J. Crossman. 1973. Freshwater fishes of Canada. Bulletin 184. Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Smith, C.L. 1985. The inland fishes of New York state. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, NY.
Smith, M.R. 2002. White Perch Management Plan. Maine Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Division of Fisheries and Hatcheries.
Stapanian, M.A., M.T. Bur, and J.V. Adams. 2007. Temporal trends of young-of-year fishes in Lake Erie and comparison of diel sampling periods. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 129(1-3):169-178.
Todd, T. – Great Lakes Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, Biological Resources Division, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Todd, T.N. 1986. Occurrence of white bass-white perch hybrids in Lake Erie. Copeia 1986(1):196-199.
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White perch fact sheet - Sea Grant
White perch - Ohio DNR
White perch in the Great Lakes - Aquatic Exotics on the Move
White Perch (Morone americana) - Wisconsin DNR
Great Lakes Water Life
Global Invasive Species Database Factsheet
US Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Risk Screening Summary for Morone americana
Author: Fuller, P., E. Maynard, D. Raikow, J. Larson, A. Fusaro, and M. Neilson
Revision Date: 9/12/2019
Fuller, P., E. Maynard, D. Raikow, J. Larson, A. Fusaro, and M. Neilson, 2022, Morone americana (Gmelin, 1789): U.S. Geological Survey, Nonindigenous Aquatic Species Database, Gainesville, FL, https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=777, Revision Date: 9/12/2019, Peer Review Date: 1/15/2016, Access Date: 1/18/2022


Kamila here from Life In Moments blog and I have once again the pleasure to guest design and this time I have for you a one layer card using the funny and sweet Llama tell you stamp set. I love it! It's got my sense of humour and a good variety of images to make fun scenes.
For my card today I created a desert scene for some reason it fit with the cactuses although I am not sure Llamas live there haha I used masking paper to created a one layer card and then I coloured my images with alcohol markers.
Here is the video which I hope you will enjoy!
Alexandra here today from made by Alexandra and I want to share a card with you today using two adorable digital stamps from December / January bundle digital stamp created by Gerda!
For this card I colored the girl and the cute owl using Spectrum Noir Alcohol Markers and the fussy cut it leaving a white border.
For the background I wanted to create a little scene so I die cut a border with houses and trees. First I ink blended a bit the panel to create the sky then adhered the die cut border.
I adhered the images using foam tape and also the sentiment which you can find in the digital bundle as well.
I hope you have a great New Year !
Karen N here from Craftily Yours. I'm excited to be guest designing for Gerda Steiner Designs today using the new Llama Tell You stamps. So stinkin' cute!
Could he BE any cuter??! I colored him with W1, W3, E53, E55, and R22. This is an adorable set with adorable sentiments!
There is a new Stamp Bundle available for December and January and it also includes a lovely surprise image ... don't miss it.
Alexandra here from made by Alexandra and today I made a card using one of the new digital stamps from December/January Digital stamp bundle released by Gerda!
I love making interactive cards and shaker cards are my all time favorite cards to make .
I colored the cute cat using Spectrum Noir Alcohol Markers and also added some more Christmas greens and a sentiment !
On the back panel I ink blended some blue to add a bit of color and interest. I really like the combo between red white and blue.
I made also a video were you can see how this step by step how I created the shaker card!
it's Tanja here and this is my first creation with the new December-January Gerda Steiner Designs Digital-Stamp-Bundle. I will show you four more in the next couple of days. So stay tuned.
For my card today I wanted a love story ! The young llama meets the love of his life and they having a date under the starry sky , to declare his love !
Created a night sky using Distress inks , the colored the cute llamas using Stabilo makers on water color paper and then fussy cut them .
I put the scene together and used the sentiment from the same stamp set .
You can see more details in my video !
When I saw the stamp set that Gerda send it to me Llama tell you my first thought was interactive card.
I started by creating the background using Distress inks, then created the interactive part of the card and stamped the sentiment and embossed it.
For coloring I used Spectrum Noir Alcohol markers for the cute armadillos and for the cactus I used Stabilo Markers on watercolor paper .
I guess I was too exited while making my very first envelope that I completely forgot to record the whole process. Yep, that's me😳 For this reason a designer paper which I'm going to use for the below step-by-step tutorial will be different from the one used on the original envelope.


Perdido River WMA has opened up an access to the river, with a gravel road and parking at the rivers edge. I hope it prove to be a productive new site.
Initial butterfly monitoring with the intent of setting up annual count. With Karen Finch and Michelle Leahy.
The Painted Lady was spotted while we were hiking the Echo Trail at about 8,000 feet.
Observed in butterfly garden. The Giant Swallowtail was the first one of the year, a female, laying eggs on Northern Prickly Ash.
Very humid and quite warm. Mosquitoes were unbelievable!
A small area of roadside nectar along White Marsh Rd.
Observations made between 10:23 a.m. & 6 p.m. mostly sunny and high 80's. Eupatorium "Joe-pye weed" the most active nectar source.
Observations made between 8:10 a.m & 9:10 a.m. Hazy sun and 78 degrees.
We were getting ready to go out for dinner (approx. 5pm) and as we were pulling out of our driveway we saw a monarch butterfly fly across our yard!
Brutally humid and miserable. Hazy with some clouds. 91 degrees.
South side of the James River between Boulevard Bridge and Lee Bridge.
Native plant landscaping section of condominium complex. Male and Female Sandhill Skipper landed on dirt trail in native plant area presumably to mate. Partly cloudy day in the 70's F with breezes. Male Sandhill Skipper and Fiery Skipper feeding at Alkali Heath.
Observations made between 8:15 a.m. & 10:30 a.m.
Observations made from 11:45 a.m. & 5:15 p.m. Sunny, breezy, and temp.high 80's. A butterfly paradise! Also 1 Pipevine Swallowtail caterpillar.
Scouting trip prior to NABA count.
Weekly survey with Della Wells and Nancy Slowik. Air temperature 76 to 77 F. Initially clear skies, but increasing clouds during survey. High wind gusts 8 to 12 mph.
Frosted Flasher was found by Troy Zurovec the previous day.
Ten of us surveyed the park this morning.
First Fiery Skipper this fall. A second location in town for Common Sootywing (all three county records in town this year).
Now have 3 different species of caterpillars in the garden - about 20 Gulf Fritillaries (passion vine), a few Sleepy Oranges (sennas), and one Monarch (common milkweed).
Gravel farm access road. Sunny and less humid. 86 degrees.
Gulf State Park ,Bon Secour NWR,and Plantation Rd,Gulf Shores.
From 12:15 - 1:45 PM.
Browns Gap Turnpike (810), Clark Rd (674), Patricia Ann Byrom Forest Preserve.
Sunny to mostly sunny, 75 – 85 deg F, wind 0 – 10 mph.
10:20 - 16:00 EDT. Also visited southern Greene County: Simmons Gap Road (628). Good diversity (28 species). Numbers are starting to drop for some species (swallowtails, Great Spangled Fritillary), but the Sachem horde continues, and there remain large numbers of Pearl Crescents & ETBs on the wing.
Male monarch emerged this a.m. A couple hours later, it was ready to fly away. Temps were 92 for a high. The monarch flew around the butterfly garden, then was gone by evening. A black swallowtail was nearby, but wasn't able to take its picture, as it flew away too quickly.
Most of the butterflies were seen at the Presby Memorial Iris Gardens, Upper Montclair. Peck's Skippers were everywhere. The first Variegated Fritillary sighting I know of in Essex County in well over a decade. My third Common Checkered-Skipper ever in town, all in September. There were at least three mating pairs of Peck's Skippers, a mating pair of Cabbage Whites, a mating pair of Pearl Crescents, and two mating pairs of Clouded Sulphurs (both involving white females) in the garden. Labor Day, I guess?
O'Brian Creek near the Siskiyou Crest. This locale is in the Applegate River Drainage, about 15 miles southwest of the town of Applegate.
My wife and I went hiking in the Siskiyou Mountains of Southern Oregon and chose the O'Brian Creek Trail, which is a popular BLM trail. It is one of the closest trailheads that summits the Siskiyou Crest, from our house in Grants Pass. The coolest thing about the hike was seeing seven Green Commas at the trailhead area! They were patrolling sunny forest openings right along the creek. I was lucky that five of them posed for me. That doesn't happen often, to be sure. In the past, I'm lucky to see one or two Green Commas, so seven is an outstanding day! Also, there were Hoary and Satyr Commas along the hike which gave the impression that Commas were a constant companion on our journey to the top.
At Plash Island the Frog Fruit has been taken over by Fiery and Ocola Skippers; and there were no Salt Marsh Skippers to be seen.
The sun was very hot, but the shade was nice. A slight breeze. 92 degrees.
This is the first American Copper that I have seen all year. Once common, these seem to be quite scarce now.
This little butterfly was resting on a desert willow the morning after a long and intense thunderstorm. Temp 80F with some humidity.
Temp was 75 at the time of seeing the butterflies around 4:30pm. The Common Checkered-Skipper returned as did some summer spring azure.
Observed in butterfly garden. Several hours of much needed rain this morning, them mostly cloudy and cool with temperatures in the 60's kept activity down.
Hundreds of acres full of red clover, golden banners and sunflowers.
Beautiful, clear, cool day! Fall is coming!!! 75 degrees.
Went above the lake to the Wasatch Crest Ridge.
The Barred Yellows were in a group and all had a strong bluish cast as shown in the photo.
We planted rue for the first time in our garden and have been rewarded this summer with a Giant Swallowtail caterpillar amongst the many many black swallowtail caterpillars who also find it a wonderful host plant. It truly does look like a "bird dropping" but one that moves and keeps getting bigger.
One Monarch on butterfly bush in front yard at 1:00.
The day was cool with showers, temperatures in the low 60's. 20 minutes of sunshine brought out a few butterflies.
12:15-2:30. 60 degrees, mostly sunny, and windy. 80 of the Monarchs were in a single area less than 100 yds long that was sheltered from the wind, and had lots of asters which the Monarchs were using almost exclusively for nectar.
Weekly survey with Della Wells and Nancy Slowik. Received 2.4 inches of rain the previous night; skies beginning to clear. Air temperatures ranged from 71 to 84 F. One of the individuals listed as Orange Sulphur was a female white morph Orange/Clouded Sulphur (see photo).
The list here is a portion of the 45+ species seen during a field trip hosted by the Tallahassee Hairstreak Chapter. Total # of individuals seen were higher than what Lori and I noted. Many thanks to D.Harder, V.Craig and D.& S.Jue. We also lepped just over the county line and in Franklin. FL (133).
Observed during sunny periods between rain showers. Cool and only in the low 60's.
Very first Variegated Fritillary of the season, species number 45 for the year in our backyard … a record.
Full sun, temp. 90F, wind 15 mph, with Dusty Rhodes (photo).
The highlight of trips sightings, was a Texan Crescent.
First Viceroy of the season, finally, and species number 46 for the year in the backyard. Temps in the mid 40s to start the day, warmed to the 70s.
Habitats surveyed include: Bottomland, Upland Longleaf Pine, and Upland Slope Forests, Sandhill, Mesic and Wet longleaf pine flatwoods, floodplain swamps and seepage/drainage slopes and roadside hotspots.
Nectar sources in the following Genera: Elephantopus, Lilium, Carphephorus, Liatris, Clitoria, Verbena, Bidens, Eupatorium, Lachnanthes, Diodia, Marshallia, Conoclinium, and Pontederia.
Several swallowtails mineralizing along forest trail/road.
Cool walk along the river with my wife produced a couple interesting sightings.A moth welded to a tree trunk by fungus,and several newly identified Intricate Satyr.
All seen at the base of a Burr Oak oozing sap.
Sunny and temps near 83 late afternoon.
Today the blooms/nectar source was almost exclusively Thoroughwort (Eupatorium hyssopifolium), with scant Purple Loosetrife still in bloom. The raised pond with the asphalt walkway had many more blooms, however today time was my enemy and I was unable to do that pond area.
A small subset of these individuals were seen with Susan Coppelli (NPS) as part of a formal survey conducted by TNC and National Park Service.
Today I was quite surprised to see 5 Fiery Skippers here at home, as I have not seen any here this year, only at Swan Harbor Farm in Harford County MD about 14 miles SSW of home and on the Chesapeake Bay.
Unable to get a good photo - very fast moving. Recognized the flight pattern as unusual and then was able to see the long forked tail and iridescent pale green head and back so identification is certain.
Blazing Star is holding a good variety of butterflies.
With David Rawlinson on a cool but sunny day.
4th Ocola Skipper sighting in the Cleveland area in the last 2 weeks! First time for finding an American Copper and Bronze Copper in the same field on a single trip. Love the light blue/gray spot aberration on the American Copper. First Common Buckeye seen this year!
10:30 am - noon; mostly sunny with temp rising from upper 70s to mid-80s. id on Sachems tentative due to very fast flights.
Weekly survey with Della Wells and Nancy Slowik. 1-4 PM. Air temperature 76 to 86 F. Clear skies. Calm to light breeze.
From 10:00 AM to 1:30 PM.
Sightings from 9/16 and 9/17.
This skipper was basking on indigenous Rabbit Brush in my backyard Certified Wildlife Habitat on a cool autumn morning.
all feeding on Sedum purpureum plants except for the whites.
feeding on my Euphorbia milii flowers.
This Western Tiger Swallowtail (and friends) have lived in the butterfly garden since June, flying a circuit between large trees, basking on the large Maple and Fruitless Mulberry trees.
Coastal flats behind rocky beach. Wandering Skippers and Umber Skipper were feeding at Fiddleneck flowers next to trail in shoreline area of Emma Wood State Beach. Other plants nearby included salt grass and Alkali Heath flowers. Western Pygmy-Blues were on unknown plant and Sandhill Skipper observed feeding at alkali heath. Sunny morning with temps in the 80's F and light sea breezes.
Results from the fall count.
Went Blakeley State Park after reports of Zebra Heliconian sightings, and to see if I could locate the host plant; found the butterfly(9ea), but not the host.
These two butterflies were enjoying the garden in the morning of a cool autumn day.
A nice clear calm day with a high in the low 50s.
8 to 11:30. Species seen while on St. Pete Audubon Field Trip for birds.
a bit over an hours' searching, sunny mid 70s. It took awhile but I finally found a late brood checkered white, they are much more common further west (eg Fort Tilden, Jamaica Bay).
Sunrise Mountain, Stokes State Forest.
An Incredible Monarch flight. 105 for the day. 80% after 4 pm, mostly from 5-7 pm. They were streaming by right up to sunset. A few went into the trees to roost after sunset.
Browns Gap Turnpike, Clark Rd (west end), Jones Mill Rd, Piedmont Store / Garth Rd.
1:00 - 3:45 pm EDT. Mostly sunny to partly cloudy, 75 – 79 deg F, wind 5 – 10 mph. Good diversity (22 species) with not unexpected relatively small numbers other than the sulphurs, Variegated Fritillary, & Sachem (though the Sachem horde was much diminished from 2 weeks ago). I was surprised that I did not see a Monarch or two.
11:30-2:30 survey with Brian Ahern, John & Jane Lampkin, Melissa Vetricek and JoAnna Clayton.
Seemingly laying eggs on Mexican Orchid Tree.
Another nice day today. Warm enough for a few butterflies.
My first Milbert's Tortoiseshell since 2012!
Sunny, low 70s, plenty of nectar, but few butterflies.
Cool and gray all day.
Pleasant day, warm sun, cool breeze. Very dry. Hardly any butterflies in 5 miles of hiking. You know the season is drawing to a close when only a single Woodland Skipper makes an appearance.
The Tailed Orange is a new state record for Oklahoma!
Mix of sun and clouds, high in the low 70s, windy at times. Four hours.
From 9:30 AM - 1:30 PM.
All American Coppers appear to be very fresh.
Abundant, dial counted, Saltmarsh Skippers is a late season surprise. A strong year for Ocola Skippers down south has lead to a very strong showing this year in South Jersey.
Abingdon, 1301 Hidden Brook Ct.
With Jean Evoy, Bill Evoy, Karen Finch, John Lampkin, Jane Lampkin. Temp. 85-90F. Winds light. Key nectar source: Bidens alba.
1:00-3:00, near the summit (about 4,000 feet elevation), with Ken Wilson and David Rawlinson. Most butterflies were coming to the rabbitbrush flowers.
9:00-12:00, warm morning, very dry. Best find was a rather worn Dotted Blue. With Ken Wilson.
At the overlook, continued south on the Great Western for about 1 mile.
Weekly survey with Della Wells and Dan Albantides. 11-1 PM. Air temperature 67 to 69 F. Thin cloud cover. Light to moderate breeze.
This sighting by Libby Wolfe and Tommie Rogers is a new county record in Tennessee.
12 to 2:30. Mostly sunny. Also with Brian Ahern, Randy Harrod & Melissa James. FL (135).
Compilation of two days of surveys of parts of this site. Lives up to description in American Butterflies.
Abingdon (near intersection of Abingdon Rd & Philadelphia Rd.
Monarch on Asters on my front porch.
The monarchs loved the butterfly bushes!
One senna plant had at least a dozen Sulphur caterpillars.
Five monarchs this afternoon between 2pm and 3pm. Yet waiting for a monarch to emerge from chrysalis. Fewer skippers this past week.
Observed in butterfly garden after morning rain. Mostly cloudy skies.
Over cast after early showers.
I saw a long-tailed skipper in our yard a couple of weeks ago but couldn't get a photo. It came back and this time success! Also, some lovely monarchs, American and painted ladies, a blue azure. A warm fall day brings them out.
Jerry Gibson found and photographed a Mimic at the north end of North Beach @ Fort De Soto Park, adding a new species to the county list. It was looked for the following day by several butterfliers without success.
9:30-3:30; 82-91 degrees, mostly sunny and breezy. Sue Farnsworth, Linda and Buck Cooper. Area very wet.
Late afternoon visit. Warm and overcast.
Morning visit, with mostly overcast conditions. Some higher counts taken from dial counters used.
Around noon, it was windy (coming from the north) Two monarchs visited the butterfly garden. Then there's this male monarch that had emerged from chrysalis late yesterday. It enjoyed a tangerine placed in the butterfly garden. Nearby plants helped block the winds. Prior to flying away, it visited one of the zinnias. It's on an adventure!


Jazz guitarist Max Frankl has garnered international acclaim and awards for his ability to honor the jazz spirit without falling prey to stodgy stylistic conventions. As he's courageously journeyed from standards to fringe sonic explorations, Frankl has keeps critics and his audience at the edge of their seats. Now, he's sharing his bravest and most dynamic project, Max Frankl's CARGO. It's a fearlessly imaginative high-octane duo featuring award-winning Swiss drummer Lionel Friedli.
Within CARGO, Frankl has ample room to explore burly riffing, impressionistic melodic passages, and guitar effects-laden soundscapes. The sonic territory here invites comparisons to Tortoise, Radiohead, as well as the mighty Led Zeppelin. The stylistic signature of CARGO includes ethereal textures, moony flights of virtuosic guitar playing, muscular John Bonham style drumming, intuitive interplay during delicate drum and guitar passages, and funky syncopated grooves.