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Other National Surveys
Data Archive > U.S. Surveys > General Population > National Surveys > Other National Surveys
A Survey of Graduate Ministry Programs, 1992-1993
This project was designed to provide a profile of graduate programs in ministry throughout the United States and to offer practical information for directors and administrators of these programs to use for their long- and short-range planning.
American Jewish Committee Religious Right Survey, 1996
The 1996 American Jewish Committee Religious Right Survey was designed by the American Jewish Committee and the Gallup International Institute with advice from academic experts (John Green, Ohio State University; Chris Smith, University of North Carolina; and Tom W. Smith, National Opinion Research Center, University of Chicago). The purpose of this study was to gauge and compare the social and political views of the Religious Right with the larger U.S. population. The Survey was conducted during May and June, 1996, under the direction of the Gallup International Institute, using a random sample of telephone numbers. The survey consists of 2 parts: a cross-sectional sample of 572 respondents and an oversample of aligners with the Religious Right of 438. Combined with the 69 aligners from the cross-sectional sample this produces a total sample of 507 Religious Right aligners and 503 other Americans.
American Mosaic Project: A National Survey on Diversity
The American Mosaic Project is a multiyear, multi-method study of the bases of solidarity and diversity in American life. The principal investigators of this project are Doug Hartmann, Penny Edgell and Joseph Gerteis at the University of Minnesota. The survey portion of the project consists of a random-digit-dial telephone survey (N=2,081) conducted during the summer of 2003 by the University of Wisconsin Survey Center. The survey was designed to gather data on attitudes about race, religion, politics and American identity as well as demographic information and social networks.
American Religious Identification Survey, 2001
The American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2001 is a 10-year follow-up study of religious identification among American adults, undertaken for the first time in 1990. Carried out under the auspices of The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, the 1990 National Survey of Religious Identification (NSRI) was the most extensive survey of religious identification in the later half of 20th-century America. That study, like the current follow-up, was undertaken because the U.S. Census does not produce a religious profile of the American population. Yet, the religious categories into which a population sorts itself is surely no less important than some of the other social-demographic categories that are enumerated by the decennial census. This survey represents the first large-scale national survey of religious identification conducted among Americans in the 21st century. The primary question of the interview was: What is your religion, if any? The religion of the spouse/partner also was asked. If the initial answer was 'Protestant' or 'Christian,' further questions were asked to probe which particular denomination.
The American Religious Identification Survey (ARIS) 2008 is the third in a landmark time series of large, nationally representative surveys that track changes in the religious loyalties of the U.S. adult population within the 28 contiguous states from 1990 to 2008. The 2001 and 2008 surveys are replicas of the 1990 survey, and are led by the same academic research team using an identical methodology of random-digit-dialed telephone interviews (RDD) and the same unprompted, open-ended key question "What is your religion, if any?" Interviewers did not prompt or offer a suggested list of potential answers. Moreover, the self-description of respondents was not based on whether established religious bodies or institutions considered them to be members. To the contrary, the surveys sought to determine whether the respondents regarded themselves as adherents of a religious community. The surveys tap subjective, rather than objective, standards of religious identification. The value of this unique series of national surveys, which allows scientific monitoring of change over time, has been recognized by the U.S. Bureau of the Census The Bureau itself is constitutionally precluded from such an inquiry into religion, and so has incorporated NSRI/ARIS findings into its official publication the Statistical Abstract of the United States since 2003.
American Time Use Survey, 2005
The American Time Use Survey (ATUS) is the nation's first federally administered, continuous survey on time use in the United States. The goal of the survey is to measure how people divide their time among life's activities. In the ATUS, individuals are randomly selected from a subset of households that have completed their eighth and final month of interviews for the Current Population Survey (CPS). ATUS respondents are interviewed only one time about how they spent their time on the previous day, where they were and whom they were with. The survey is sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The data file available for download from the ARDA combines two files from the 2005 ATUS: the Respondent file and the Activity summary file.
The American Time Use Survey (ATUS) is the nation's first federally administered, continuous survey on time use in the United States. The goal of the survey is to measure how people divide their time among life's activities. In the ATUS, individuals are randomly selected from a subset of households that have completed their eighth and final month of interviews for the Current Population Survey (CPS). ATUS respondents are interviewed only one time about how they spent their time on the previous day, where they were and whom they were with. The survey is sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The data file available for download from the ARDA combines three files from the 2006 ATUS: the Respondent file, the Activity summary file and the Eating & Health Module. Variables from the 2006 Eating & Health Module have names that begin with the letter 'E.'
The American Time Use Survey (ATUS) is the nation's first federally administered, continuous survey on time use in the United States. The goal of the survey is to measure how people divide their time among life's activities. In the ATUS, individuals are randomly selected from a subset of households that have completed their eighth and final month of interviews for the Current Population Survey (CPS). ATUS respondents are interviewed only one time about how they spent their time on the previous day, where they were and whom they were with. The survey is sponsored by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and is conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau. The data file available for download from the ARDA combines three files from the 2010 ATUS: the Respondent file, the Activity summary file and the Well-Being Module. Variables from the 2010 Well-Being Module have names that begin with the letter 'W.'
Note: The Bureau of Labor Statistics has reported that there was an error in the activity selection process for the 2010 Well-Being Module. Due to a programming error in the data collection software, certain activities were less likely than others to be selected for follow-up questions in the WB Module. As of October 2013, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Census Bureau were exploring ways to mitigate the error; more information on this error could be found at the following link: http://www.bls.gov/tus/wbnotice.htm.
America's Evangelicals
As 23 percent of the American population, white evangelicals are an important part of the American mainstream whose collective voice is growing louder both in politics and in culture. In many respects, white evangelicals look like other Americans. They live all over the country, they are found in cities and small towns alike, they have friends outside of their churches, and a majority have at least some college education. They share concerns with the rest of the country about the cost of healthcare and having a secure retirement. Yet white evangelicals share a set of strongly-held beliefs about the role of religion in daily life, and they incorporate a set of religious behaviors based on these beliefs into their daily lives. It is these beliefs and behaviors that set them apart religiously and politically from the rest of the country. This study places white evangelicals in comparative perspective with mainline Protestants, Catholics, African Americans, and Hispanics.
Arts and Religion Survey, 1999
This data set offers information on Americans' opinions about the role of the arts relative to religion. The study was designed by Princeton University professor Robert Wuthnow and conducted by the Gallup Organization in Princeton, New Jersey. Respondents were asked questions about their creative and arts-related activities, their attitudes toward the arts, their religious activities, behaviors, beliefs and affiliations, their spiritual (or "uplifting") experiences, their attitudes toward religion and spirituality, and their involvement in charitable activities.
Attitudes of Cultural Progressive Activists, 2009
The purpose of this research is to assess the attitudes of cultural progressive activists. Such individuals are conceptualized as individuals who oppose the political, and even religious ambitions of the 'Christian right.' Organizations that envision themselves as opponents of the Christian right were located and members of those organizations were sent a link to an online survey. This survey assessed the respondent's attitudes toward the Christian right and their social networks.
Carnegie Council National Surveys of Higher Education, Graduate Student Sample (1975)
In 1975 the Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education commissioned the Survey Research Center at University of California, Berkeley to design and execute national surveys of faculty and students in colleges and universities throughout the United States. The objectives of the studies were both to identify any new developments in higher education that had transpired since the 1969 surveys, and to track any movement in trends or practices discovered in previous research. Additionally, the surveys were designed specifically to gather more information on a variety of new problems posed by emerging issues of affirmative action, the changing role of women, a changing job market for graduates, and new forms of academic governance.
Carnegie Foundation National Survey of Higher Education, Faculty Sample (1975)
In 1975 the Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education commissioned the Survey Research Center at University of California, Berkeley to design and execute national surveys of faculty and students in colleges and universities throughout the United States. The objectives of the studies were both to identify any new developments in higher education that had transpired since the 1969 surveys, and to track any movement in trends or practices discovered in previous research. Additionally the surveys were designed specifically to gather more information on a variety of new problems posed by emerging issues of affirmative action, the changing role of women, a changing job market for graduates, and new forms of academic governance.
In 1984 the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching commissioned Opinion Research Corporation to design and execute national surveys of faculty and undergraduates in colleges and universities throughout the United States. The objectives of the studies were both to identify any new developments in higher education that had transpired since the 1975 1976 surveys, and to track any movement in trends or practices discovered in previous research. Additionally the surveys were planned to complement other research efforts being sponsored by the Carnegie Foundation.
Chapman Survey of American Fears, Wave 1 (2014)
Collected in 2014, the Chapman Survey of American Fears, Wave 1 (CSAF) is planned as an annual survey. The survey includes core demographic items, measures of religion and politics. However the survey's primary focus is asking questions designed to determine the extent to which Americans fear or worry about life events, governmental policy, crime and victimization, natural and man-made disasters, different spaces and other phenomena. Wave 1 also includes items related to beliefs about crime (has crime increased over the last 20 years, possible explanations for criminal behavior), media consumption and scientific attitudes.
Civic Involvement Survey, 1997
This survey provides data on the level and types of civic involvement of a nationally representative sample of American adults. Extensive questions about respondents' religious activities and beliefs are also included in the survey. The results were originally intended as a comparison to qualitative in-depth interviews with a different sample of respondents (qualitative interviews not available).
Economic Values Survey, 1992
This is a survey of participants in the U.S. labor force. Nearly 100 social scientists, religion specialists and historians were asked to solicit topics to be included in the survey. "This sample is intended to be representative of the active labor force age eighteen and over living in the continental United States" (Wuthnow 1994, 270).
Faith and Family in America, 2005
Over the last 50 years, our society has undergone huge demographic shifts with regards to family. Fewer people are living in a home with a married head of household, and family sizes have decreased as families have had fewer children and more people have chosen to raise children as single parents. Some religious institutions and leaders voice concerns about the decline of marriage, while others have embraced or at least accepted these changes. This debate polarizes our society, as some Americans are trying to mend what they see as cracks in the foundation of our society while others are seeking to move toward greater openness and tolerance. This study takes on these changes, exploring issues of family, marriage, and parenting in the context of America's religious life.
Faith Matters Survey, 2006
The Faith Matters Survey was conducted on behalf of Harvard University by International Communications Research in the summer of 2006. The survey was generously funded by the John Templeton Foundation. The national survey interviewed roughly 3,100 Americans in an hour-long phone survey both about their religion (beliefs, belonging and behavior) and their social and political engagement. The data provided precise measurements of religious belief and behavior to help scholars determine their relative stability among different sub-populations and as compared to nonreligious beliefs and behaviors. Some variable names have been modified by the ARDA. Original variable names are in parentheses.
The 2007 Faith Matters Survey was conducted on behalf of Harvard University by International Communications Research. The survey was generously funded by the John Templeton Foundation. This collection reinterviewed the respondents from 2006 Faith Matters Survey about their religion (beliefs, belonging and behavior) and their social and political engagement. The data provide precise measurements of religious belief and behavior to help scholars determine their relative stability among different sub-populations and as compared to nonreligious beliefs and behaviors. Some variable names have been modified by the ARDA. Original variable names are in parentheses.
The 2011 Faith Matters Survey was conducted on behalf of Harvard University and the University of Notre Dame by Social Science Research Solutions/SSRS. The survey was generously funded by the John Templeton Foundation. This collection reinterviewed the respondents from 2006 Faith Matters Survey and also surveyed a new sample of respondents, asking questions about their religion (beliefs, belonging and behavior) and their social and political engagement. The data provide precise measurements of religious belief and behavior to help scholars determine their relative stability among different sub-populations and as compared to nonreligious beliefs and behaviors. Some variable names have been modified by the ARDA. Original variable names are in parentheses.
Four-State Church Involvement Study, 1988
The Four-State Church Involvement Study investigates the role of individualism as it pertains to church involvement and what that involvement means. Regional variations in these relationships also are examined.
Harris 1967 Survey on Catholics' View of their Church
This 1967 survey of a national sample of Catholic adults conducted for Newsweek Magazine focused on the changes within the Catholic Church since the Vatican Council II and attitudes of Catholics toward the changes and the Church in general. Questions include belief in various church teachings, attitudes toward priests and papal authority, church attendance, and birth control.
Indiana Mainline Churches, 1986
The original study was designed to examine church finances and membership trends. Six important conclusions arose from these findings: 1) Congregations that emphasize growth and evangelism can grow (or at least slow their decline), but only 37 percent of the mostly mainline churches in this study emphasize growth; 2) If churches want to grow, they need to have an openness to change and an orientation to serving the needs of people outside the local congregation rather than just the needs of current members; 3) Emphasizing social action programs may limit growth somewhat, but this is not a cause of denominational decline for mainline denominations, since only 8 percent of these churches have such an emphasis; 4) As in previous studies (e.g., Hoge and Roozen 1979), membership trends are heavily influenced by community population trends. However, the influence of demographic factors declined during the 1980s in Indiana because there was less variation in population growth rates among Indiana communities; 5) The growth rates of small churches and churches in smaller communities are less affected by community population changes than are the growth rates of large churches and churches in larger communities; 6) Denominational differences in growth rates are major, but are not explainable using the variables contained in this study.
Life Choices, 1990
The Life Choices Study was an in-depth study of Americans' beliefs and opinions on a variety of life-related issues, abortion being first and foremost among them. Additionally, euthanasia, capital punishment, and military service receive brief treatment. The survey attempts to penetrate the broader cultural currents underlying the polarizations and contradictions that characterize public opinion on these matters. The study was guided by the following questions: Why do people diverge so sharply in their views? Who are those that lie at the extremes and in the middle? What systems of moral reasoning anchor their opinions? Which appeals, arguments, and obligations have the greatest impact upon their views?
Lilly Survey of Attitudes and Social Networks
The Lilly Survey of Attitudes and Social Network (LSASN) was designed to assess individual attitudes, social networks, and involvement in the religious life of congregations. The survey was funded by a larger grant from the Lilly Endowment, Inc. to study multiracial congregations. The survey had ambitious aims in terms of content, experimental designs, and oversampling of African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans. It probes respondents' racial and political attitudes and examines the racial composition of their social networks, including their religious congregations. The survey is notable for conducting the first national-level factorial telephone experiment designed to address the debate concerning neighborhood preferences by race (variable BUYHOME).
The data file available for download also contains 1990 and 2000 U.S. Census data for respondents' given zip codes. These data were merged in by the primary investigator and provide information on racial composition at the levels of tract, block, and zip code.
Marital Instability Over the Life Course [United States]: A Five-Wave Panel Study, 1980, 1983, 1988, 1992-1994, 1997
To examine the causes of marital instability throughout the life course, five waves of data were collected between 1980 and 1997 from married individuals who were between the ages of 18 and 55 in 1980. Information collected in 1980 (Wave I) focused on the effects of wives' participation in the labor force on marriage and marital instability. Measures predicting marital instability and divorce and assessing marital quality were developed. Variables include information on earnings, commitment to work, hours worked, and occupational status. The focus of Wave II, conducted in 1983, was to link changes in factors such as economic resources, wife's employment, presence of children, marital satisfaction, life goals, and health to actions intended to dissolve a marriage, such as divorce and permanent separation. Information on adjustment to marital dissolution, relationship with in-laws, size of home, parents' employment, use of free time, club membership, child-care arrangements, and responsibility for chores was gathered. Wave III, collected in 1988, further examined the impact of changes in employment, economics, and health on marital relationships. Questions were asked about divorce and remarriage, investment of energy and resource use in the care of aging parents and dependent offspring, asset value, awareness of aging, mental health issues, and history of disease. In 1992, a fourth wave of data was collected to look at changes in employment, economics, and health. Questions were asked about retirement issues, family structure, and the impact of caring for aging parents while at the same time caring for dependent offspring. Data were also collected in 1992 and 1994 from adult offspring who were living in the household in 1980 and had reached age 19 by 1992, thus providing parallel measures with their parents regarding the quality of parent-child relationships, attitudes, and support along with exploring the impact of childhood experiences on the transition to adult life. In 1997, the fifth wave was collected and interviews were conducted with a second sample of adult offspring (N=202) along with second interviews of offspring selected in 1992 (N=606). Wave 5 also examines the relationship between marital quality and stability and how it relates to changes in marital quality later in life. Among the variables included in all five waves are age, sex, educational attainment, marital status and history, attitude toward divorce, number of children, religious affiliation, and income level.
Marital Instability over the Life Course: A Five-Wave Panel Study, Wave I (1980)
This study describes data of individuals 55 years of age and under who were married in 1980. The goal of the study was to determine the impact of various factors that could affect the likelihood of divorce. Five waves were completed (1980, 1983, 1988, 1992-1994, and 1997). This particular dataset contains the 1980 wave. The 1980 survey focused on how wives' participation in the workforce affected marital quality and stability. Religion variables in this wave include the religious affiliations of the respondent and spouse (if applicable), frequency of church attendance, and the degree to which religion influences the life of the respondent.
Measuring Morality Study, 2012
The first phase of the Measuring Morality project involves fielding a nationally-representative survey of adults in the United States aimed at understanding the interrelations among moral constructs, and at exploring moral differences in the U.S. population. Survey items were chosen in consultation with an international group of scholars from sociology, psychology, and linguistics, and represent a wide range of theoretical traditions. The survey includes both morality scales (typically shortened for inclusion on the survey, and including several recently developed scales), and measures of constructs theoretically associated with morality.
National Health Interview Survey, Adults, 2002
"The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a multi-purpose health survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and is the principal source of information on the health of the civilian, noninstitutionalized, household population in the United States. The NHIS has been conducted continuously since its beginning in 1957." (NHIS Survey Description, Public Use Data Release, December 2003).
National Health Interview Survey, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Supplement, 2002
"The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a multi-purpose health survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and is the principal source of information on the health of the civilian, noninstitutionalized, household population in the United States. The NHIS has been conducted continuously since its beginning in 1957." (NHIS Survey Description, Public Use Data Release, December 2003). "The Alternative Health/Complementary and Alternative Medicine Supplement collected information from sample adults on their use of 17 non-conventional health care practices." These practices include prayer and spiritual healing.
National Health Interview Survey, Families, 2002
National Survey of High School Biology Teachers
The National Survey of High School Biology Teachers is based on a nationally representative probability sample of U.S. public high school biology teachers. A total of 926 teachers completed questionnaires, either pencil and paper surveys or on the web, between March 1 and May 5 of 2007. Teachers responded to 86 questions pertaining to their educational backgrounds, teaching practices, and personal attitudes. The survey focused on respondents' approach to teaching evolution and creationism in the classroom. Teachers' personal views and understanding of evolution were examined, as well as potential outside influences on their teaching, such as parents, school board members, and religious leaders.
National Survey of Religious Identification, 1990
The National Survey of Religious Identification relates to a random digit-dialed telephone survey of 113,000 American households in the continental U.S. (48 states). The data was collected over a 13-month period by ICR Survey Research Group of Media, PA as part of their omnibus market research (EXCEL) survey. The prime question on the file is: What is your religion? If the initial answer was Protestant, there was a further question as to which denomination. The respondent is a randomly chosen (last birthday) adult over 18 years. Nineteen other socio-demographic questions are attached to this. The NSRI makes a significant contribution by presenting a large sample size reflecting the true richness of the country's religious tapestry and the national coverage necessary to provide high quality statistics on what is actually happening around us.
National Survey of the Religious Life Futures Project, 1990
"The National Survey component of the Religious Life Futures Project had two purposes: to collect information concerning the beliefs, values and practices of members of religious orders regarding their personal, spiritual, community and ministerial life and to establish a significant data base for the study of religious life on the individual, congregational and social institution levels. The National Survey was also the primary method of measuring perceptions of the future of religious life in the total population of sisters, brothers and religious priests." (Nygren & Ukeritis, 1993: 99)
New Family Structures Survey (NFSS)
Knowledge Networks conducted the New Family Structures Survey on behalf of University of Texas at Austin. Specifically, the study examined the experiences of the respondents (ages 18-39) growing up in unconventional families where:
a. Parents are of the same sex (N=248)
b. Biologically unrelated parents adopted the respondent (N=210)
c. Parents were unmarried but cohabiting (N=657)
d. Biological mother had a romantic relationship with another man (N=52)
e. Biological mother did not have a romantic relationship with another man (N=122)
In addition, the survey also collected data among respondents who did not grow up in those unconventional families as a control/comparison group (N=1898).
The study seeks to understand how young adults (ages 18-39) raised by same-sex parents fare on a variety of social, emotional, and relational outcomes when compared with young adults raised in homes with their married biological parents, those raised with a step-parent, and those raised in homes with two adoptive parents. Questions on the survey cover a variety of topics including: parent-child relationship quality, romantic relationships, sexual orientation, public assistance, criminal activity, Facebook, bullying, charity, religious views, religious practices, life satisfaction, first sex, condom use, sexually transmitted diseases, rape, molestation, abortion, masturbation, suicide and alcohol use.
Philanthropy Panel Study, 2001
The Philanthropy Panel Study is the Philanthropy Module of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The 2001 Panel contains data on the charitable giving and volunteering of 7,406 American families. The charitable giving data describe the giving done by the family unit as a whole. The volunteering data are separately available for both "Heads" and "Wives" (PSID terminology) in married and cohabiting families.
The charitable giving data include religious giving. The religious giving data-along with the religious affiliation data-make the Panel well-suited for the study of religious giving within the PSID's rich context of families' economic, social, health, and demographic circumstances. The 2001 Panel can be linked to the 2003 Panel providing the nation's only panel data on religious giving.
The Philanthropy Panel Study is the Philanthropy Module of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The 2003 Panel contains data on the charitable giving, volunteering, and religious service attendance of 7,822 American families. The charitable giving data describe the giving done by the family unit as a whole. The volunteering and attendance data are separately available for both "Heads" and "Wives" (PSID terminology) in married couples and co-habiting families. The Panel also contains a question about who in married couples makes decisions about charitable giving.
The charitable giving data include religious giving and the volunteering data include religious volunteering. The religious giving and volunteering data-along with the religious attendance and religious affiliation data-make the Panel well-suited for the study of important religious behaviors within the PSID's rich context of families' economic, social, health, and demographic circumstances.
The Philanthropy Panel Study is the Philanthropy Module of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). The 2005 Panel contains data on the charitable giving, volunteering, and religious service attendance of more than 8,000 American families. The charitable giving data describe the giving done by the family unit as a whole. The volunteering and attendance data are separately available for both "Heads" and "Wives" (PSID terminology) in married couples and cohabiting families. The Panel also contains a question about who in married couples makes decisions about charitable giving.
Politics of Character Survey, 2000
Surveys on contemporary politics abound, but surveys of political culture, the underpinning of politics, are lacking. The Politics of Character survey attempts to bridge the gap between ephemeral opinion and enduring understandings of character, linking the latter to the moral communities to which American citizens belong. A principal finding is that understandings of character are vague and weakly grounded, and that "character" in politics is more importance rhetorically than practically. It is an ideal in search of substantive content.
Religion among Academic Scientists
The Religion among Academic Scientists survey (RAAS) asked a randomly selected sample of natural and social scientists at 21 elite research universities questions about their religious beliefs, behaviors, and upbringing. The survey also asked about the professional status, volunteering activities, and demographics of the respondents.
Religion and Deviance at Four American Universities
This dataset contains measures on religious belief and practice, Christian fundamentalist beliefs, religious context, and deviant behavior from students at four American universities. Two of these universities are public state schools; two are private and have religious affiliations. A total of 1,753 respondents were surveyed regarding their religious beliefs and practices, tattoos, piercings, and engagement in (or abstinence from) sexual intercourse, binge drinking, and marijuana use.
Religion and Diversity Survey, 2002-2003
This survey includes questions about the public's views about religious diversity, such as attitudes toward and contact with Muslims, Hindus, and Buddhists. The survey was designed by Robert Wuthnow at Princeton University in conjunction with the Responding to Diversity Project sponsored by the Lilly Endowment. The survey also includes questions regarding religious beliefs and practices, and opinions concerning terrorism, interreligious understanding, and national identity. (Religion and Diversity Codebook, Princeton University, Department of Sociology, 2003).
Religion and Politics Survey, 2000
The religion and politics survey is part of the larger Public Role of Mainline Protestantism Project, which is coordinated through Princeton University's Survey Research Center. The survey addresses respondents' views on political, social, and religious issues, their political actions, beliefs, and affiliations, and their religious actions, beliefs, and affiliations.
Small Groups Survey, 1991 (Groups Sample)
This national survey was part of a three-year research project conducted to understand the small-group movement. "The national survey screened a representative sample of the American public to identify persons who were currently involved in any small group that met regularly and provided caring and support for its members. This procedure yielded approximately 1,000 people who were asked a long list of questions about the nature of their group, why they became involved, what its activities were, how well they liked it, and what they had received from it. For comparative purposes, we also surveyed more than 900 people to find out why they had not become involved in a small group" (Wuthnow, 1994:9).This data file is the first part of the national survey on small groups and contains the sample of those involved in small group activity. The sample containing those not involved in small groups is also available at the ARDA.
Small Groups Survey, 1991 (Individuals Not in Groups Sample)
This national survey was part of a three-year research project conducted to understand the small-group movement. "The national survey screened a representative sample of the American public to identify persons who were currently involved in any small group that met regularly and provided caring and support for its members. This procedure yielded approximately 1,000 people who were asked a long list of questions about the nature of their group, why they became involved, what its activities were, how well they liked it, and what they had received from it. For comparative purposes, we also surveyed more than 900 people to find out why they had not become involved in a small group" (Wuthnow, 1994:9). This data file is the second part of the national survey on small groups and contains a comparative sample of those not involved in small group activity. The sample containing those involved in small groups is also available at the ARDA.
Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey, 2000
The 2000 Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey was undertaken by the Saguaro Seminar at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard Unversity. This purpose of the SCCBS, conducted nationally as well as in 41 U.S. communities, is to measure various manifestations of social capital as well as its suspected correlates to (1) provide a rich database for analysis by interested researchers who wish to better understand social capital and (2) provide a tool for communities and organizations to use in program development and evaluation, in part, by enabling relative assessment to other communities and the nation. As a "benchmark" survey, it is the first attempt at widespread systematic measurement of social capital, especially within communities, and it will serve as a point of comparison for future research which attempts to assess changes in key indicators. It is hoped that discussion and use of the survey will also stimulate interest in the broader purpose of fostering civic and social engagement across the country and thus contribute to the revitalization of community institutions.
The survey developed 11 dimensions of social capital for which there are indices including one on religion. The survey also contains 11 measures of religiosity: 1) the respondent's religion (if any) and denomination; 2) how important religion is to the respondent; 3) whether respondent is a member of a religious group; 4) frequency of religious attendance; 5) religious participation, outside of weekly services; 6) level of religious volunteering; 7) level of religious giving; 8) trust of co-congregants; 9) whether respondent has a personal friend of a different religion; 10) degree to which house of worship gives respondent a sense of belonging; 11) whether respondent is an active member in a religious group (other than his/her house of worship).
For more information, visit the SCCBS website.
Social Capital Community Survey, 2006
The 2006 Social Capital Community Survey was undertaken by the Saguaro Seminar at the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. The SCCS consisted of a national sample and targeted samples in 22 American communities. The SCCS is a follow-up to the 2000 Social Capital Community Benchmark Survey, conducted nationally and in 41 American communities.
Social capital is the societal analogue of physical or economic capital -- the value inherent in friendship networks and other associations that individuals and groups can draw upon to achieve private or collective objectives. In recent years, the concept has received increasing attention as accumulating evidence demonstrates the independent relationship between social capital and a wide range of desirable outcomes: economic success, improved school performance, decreased crime, higher levels of voting and better health. Within communities, recent research supports the belief that social capital fosters norms of social trust and reciprocity, facilitating communal goals. The concept's theoretical richness and practical significance is becoming increasingly well-documented.
For more information, visit the Saguaro Seminar website.
Spirituality and the Elderly: Survey of Staff and Residents From Long-Term Care Facilities, 1998
"This study compared staff and resident knowledge, attitudes and practices related to religious expression in long-term care settings. Staff and residents from 13 facilities and organizations providing services to long-term care staff completed a survey related to religion and spirituality in long-term care" (Walker et al. August 1998).
State of Disunion Survey, 1996
The purpose of the 1996 Survey of American Political Culture was to assess the reality behind popular depictions of the declining legitimacy of American institutions and cultural fragmentation. Toward this end, a comprehensive questionnaire explores connections between political opinions and the cultural contexts within which they are formed. Topics include: the "Christian Right," homosexuality, identity politics, visions of America's future, moral relativism, the role of government, political ideology, religious beliefs and activities, and a variety of lifestyle questions. What distinguishes this survey is its breadth and depth of coverage, both of which lend nuance to its findings. It was based upon over 2,000 face-to-face interviews and its summary report, The State of Disunion, is widely cited in publications and on the internet.
Survey On the Beliefs and Moral Values of America's Children, 1989
Convinced that the beliefs and moral values of children are important in their own right and that children's voices need to become part of the larger public discussion of America's future, the Girl Scouts of the USA, in partnership with the Lilly Endowment, Inc. and the C.S. Mott Foundation, commissioned child psychiatrist Robert Coles of Harvard University, sociologist James Davison Hunter of the University of Virginia, public opinion researcher Louis Harris of Louis Harris and Associates, Inc., and John Seel of the Williamsburg Charter Foundation to conduct a nationwide survey of children's beliefs and moral values. The purpose of the study was to explore the range of children's beliefs and moral values and the consequences in their lives. Questions asked include: Who are the adults with the most influence on the children's moral commitments? What are the moral bearings directing their decision-making in practice? What are the pressures children face as adolescents and young adults? What are the moral judgments they make in the face of difficult everyday situations? How do they view the choices concerning their own futures and the responsibilities of citizenship as they approach adulthood?
The Henry Institute National Survey of Religion and Public Life, 2008
Commissioned by the Paul B. Henry Institute for the Study of Christianity and Politics at Calvin College, this survey examined the ways in which religion shaped the civic engagement and political life of Americans. Various facets of religion were examined, including religious beliefs, religious practice, religious identifications, and religious contexts. Civic life was examined in terms of membership in voluntary associations, volunteering, social trust, confidence in institutions, civic morality, and political tolerance. Political life was examined in terms of issue positions, ideological orientations, partisan identification, political participation, and candidate preference/voting choice. Because the survey includes both a pre-election and post-election component, the survey also addresses how the presidential campaign may have changed respondent's candidate preferences over time, and how religion may be related to such change and stability in candidate preferences.
Williamsburg Charter Survey On Religion and Public Life, 1987
"On the eve of the bicentennial of the Bill of Rights, it is plain that controversies about religion in public life are as lively and potent today as when the First Amendment was being debated nearly 200 years ago. But how do the American people view the place of religion in public life today? Is there a vital knowledge of the Constitution? Where do Americans currently draw the line between church and state: Are there significant limits to tolerance? To answer such questions and help assess the state of the union regarding religion and public life, the Williamsburg Charter Foundation commissioned a nationwide opinion survey...to learn how people view these issues 200 years into the American Experiment" (The Williamsburg Charter Survey on Religion and Public Life 1988).
Winthrop University Student Religion Survey, 1996
This study was designed by the principal investigator and his students in an upper-division sociology of religion course. The survey items were formulated around key issues in class and administered to Winthrop University students in General Education classes. The topics covered include religious background and behavior, spiritual beliefs, and attitudes toward deviant religious groups.
Young Adolescents and Their Parents: A National Study, 1984 - Father Component
The Young Adolescents and their Parents project began in 1980, with major funding provided by the Lilly Endowment, Inc. The project brought together the research capability of Search Institute and the programming expertise of 13 national youth-serving organizations. The research component included a 319-item survey given to more than 8,000 fifth- through ninth-grade young adolescents and a different 328-item survey administered to more than 10,000 parents of these youths. Because so little previous research had focused on young adolescents and their families, this project was designed to fill this "information gap." The surveys covered the topics of social context (school, friends, church, families, mass media exposure, group involvement); developmental processes (autonomy, maturation and sexuality, identity, intimacy, achievement, social integration); beliefs, attitudes and values (social attitudes, worries, moral values, religion); and perspectives on receiving help and on behavior
Young Adolescents and Their Parents: A National Study, 1984 - Mother Component
The Young Adolescents and their Parents project began in 1980, with major funding provided by the Lilly Endowment, Inc. The project brought together the research capability of Search Institute and the programming expertise of 13 national youth-serving organizations. The research component included a 319-item survey given to more than 8,000 fifth- through ninth-grade young adolescents and a different 328-item survey administered to more than 10,000 parents of these youths. Because so little previous research had focused on young adolescents and their families, this project was designed to fill this "information gap." The surveys covered the topics of social context (school, friends, church, families, mass media exposure, group involvement); developmental processes (autonomy, maturation and sexuality, identity, intimacy, achievement, social integration); beliefs, attitudes and values (social attitudes, worries, moral values, religion); and perspectives on receiving help and behavior
Young Adolescents and Their Parents: A National Study, 1984 - Youth Component
The Young Adolescents and their Parents project began in 1980, with major funding provided by the Lilly Endowment, Inc. The project brought together the research capability of Search Institute and the programming expertise of 13 national youth-serving organizations. The research component included a 319-item survey given to more than 8,000 fifth- through ninth-grade young adolescents and a different, 328-item survey administered to more than 10,000 parents of these youths. Because so little previous research had focused on young adolescents and their families, this project was designed to fill this "information gap." The surveys covered the topics of social context (school, friends, church, families, mass media exposure, group involvement); developmental processes (autonomy, maturation and sexuality, identity, intimacy, achievement, social integration); beliefs, attitudes and values (social attitudes, worries, moral values, religion); and perspectives on receiving help and on behavior.


What Happens When a Historic English Brand Meets an Affordably Cool Japanese Upstart?
Make the most of this patterns by using these cool Material Icons as well. Also, share and comment below, we want to know what you think!


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Location o the Georgie SSR athin the Soviet Union.
In the Sooth Ossetie AO.
The Georgie Soviet Socialist Republic (Georgie: საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკა sakartvelos sabch'ota socialist'uri resp'ublik'a; Roushie: Грузинская Советская Социалистическая Республика Gruzinskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), kent as the Georgie SSR an aw, wis ane o the republics o the Soviet Union.
It is coterminous wi the present-day Georgie, a pre-existin kintra in the Caucasus which gained autonomy as a constituent republic o the Union o Soviet Socialist Republics efter bein annexed bi Roushie in 1810 an in 1920 bi the Roushie Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, an became unthirlt upon the dissolution o the Soviet Union in 1991, whareupon each umwhile SSR became a sovereign state.
This page wis last eeditit on 12 September 2018, at 02:19.


The astonishing pics below, is part of Small Garden Shed will Impress Everyone report which is labeled within Garden Plans, diy, and posted at December 2nd, 2016 12:36:53 PM by .
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I grew up using the same brand of skincare for years — Clinique of course. I don't remember what type of cleanser I used before I started using One Love Organics about 7 years ago, but I used a moisturizer from Lancome for years and years until they stopped making it with SPF and changed the formula and then I don't remember what I used until I started using Skin Savior as my daily moisturizer.
Once Lancome stopped making the moisturizer I used with SPF, honestly, I haven't worn SPF daily since unless I'm at the beach, a pool, or know I'll be outside a lot. I know, bad bad bad. The sun probably caused a lot of wrinkles I have. But I can't take it back now.
Now that those wrinkles are starting to show up, I'm all about how to minimize them and prevent getting more. I still need to be better about wearing SPF regularly, but I do hide my face from the sun with hats a lot more often than I ever did.
The older you get the more you have to care more about your skin if you want it to look good, so I don't want to waste any time — I want the best stuff. There are so many amazing products, it's hard to sift through them and find the best of the best.
So I asked my dermatologist to help point me in the right direction. Her recommendation was instant — SkinCeuticals.
I had already heard so many good things about SkinCeuticals from all of the Beauty Experts, it was high time I tried it for myself.
Why are SkinCeuticals products so good? As you probably know, there are a lot of words that get used in the beauty industry, and not a lot of regulation. A company can put one drop of retinol in a giant vat that is then distributed into small tubes and they can call it a retinol product. SkinCeuticals not only tells you the amount of the ingredients in the product but they do extensive medical-grade testing on their products from the first stages of development through the final formulations. The testing is expensive which is why a lot of companies don't do it to they level they do.
So what products am I using?
I'm actually almost done with my first bottle of the Hyaluronic Acid Intensifier (known as H.A. Intensifier). If you can only invest in one expensive beauty product — this my friends is the one. This product is proven to amplify the skin's hyaluronic acid levels by 30%. It improves the skin's plumpness, texture, firmness, elasticity, and more. Read more about the benefits of this product and the clinical results here.
Another amazing product I'm using is the C E Ferulic. It is a daytime serum (only use in the morning!) that features a synergistic antioxidant combination of ferulic acid and pure vitamin C and E to enhance your skin's protection against environmental damage caused by free radicals. It improves signs of aging and photodamage to reduce the appearance of lines and wrinkles while firming and brightening your complexion. Also be careful with this product — don't put it too close to your eyes, and make sure to wash your hands after you use it!
The H.A. Intensifier and the CE Ferulic products are a dream duo of products. If you use CE Ferulic you don't need to use another vitamin C product that day, and only use it in the morning/daytime. The H.A. Intensifier you can use in the morning and evening. I use the H.A. Intensifier liberally all over my face and neck, and then I put a moisturizer on top of it after I let it sink in a bit. Currently I'm using Drunk Elephant Lala Retro Whipped Cream or Caudalie 3-in-1 Moisturizer.
Now, the CE Ferulic is very expensive, I know. But, you are paying for the quality and the amount of the ingredients and knowing that they are real and effective. One thing my dermatologist warned me about is buying any of these products online — that I should only buy them from SkinCeuticals authorized retailers. Because of the popularity and cost of these products, there are fakes out there that are NOT real SkinCeuticals. So if the price seems too good to believe — IT IS. My dermatologist recommended buying products from DermStore. So if CE Ferulic is not in your budget, I've also been using Ursa Major's Brighten Up Vitamin C Serum. To make my CE Ferulic last longer, I will use the Ursa Major a few days a week instead.
I haven't been using my 0.5 Retinol regularly enough to tell you much about it besides the fact that you need to work up to using it daily. Retinol will dry out your skin, so you can't just start using it every day right away. I also started at 0.5 vs. 1.0 to get my skin used to it first. Retinol is already proven to work so you don't need me to tell you that, but the difference with the SkinCeuticals retinol product is that they tell you how much retinol is in the product whereas most other products don't.
I haven't started using the sunscreen yet — it's been very cloudy the past month and I haven't been outside much. But as soon as I see sunlight again, I'm sure I'll use up this bottle really quickly!
Now, if you are on a major budget, I understand. A lot of these products are pricey, but I have a tip — sign up for the DermStore newsletter and you get at 20% off coupon, which is a nice discount on expensive products!
I personally think your skin, especially the skin on your face is worth it, but if it's not doable for you right now, don't worry because there are a lot of great drugstore products out there (I'm already writing up a post about my favorite drugstore products now!).
Also you might not be to the point where you need any of these products yet! I'm in my mid-thirties so I do need them. And I can tell you that the product I can tell the most difference from is the H.A. Intensifier. The results are immediately obvious.
In addition to using these amazing high quality products, the HydraFacial I got in December, and the microneedling I got a few weeks ago, my skin has definitely been looking better than it has in years. I was blessed with good skin from the start, but I can tell a huge difference since using these products and doing a few treatments.
You only have one face and you wear it everyday, so for me, taking care of my skin is super important.
Have you tried SkinCeuticals? Do you have any other skincare products that you absolutely LOVE? Tell me in the comments!
This post was NOT sponsored. Some of these products were given to me by DermStore. Copy above in italics is from DermStore.
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i swear, your blog lately has been SO on point with everything in my own life lately (mortgage, wedding planning recap, all of the beauty reviews/in depth skincare; also i NEVER comment on blogs but yours is just so relevant!). i just got the best facial of my life this past weekend (3 hours of meticulous extractions, no exaggeration) by milk & honey skincare in ballston; HIGHLY recommend, murissa is amazing! She gave me samples of four different skinceuticals serums and I ended up buying the vitamin c one as well! I've had microneedling done in the past and will likely have murissa do another round soon – she also recommended an at-home microneedler, which i was skeptical of (i've ready questionable reviews about their efficacy), but she said an at-home one does not replace in-office higher intensity microneedling, but rather, allows products to penetrate better and last longer. excited to put some of these new products & tips to use and look forward to reading more about your skincare updates!
I have been using the PHLORETIN CF GEL by Skinceuticals, which is a vitamin C serum in gel form since December for melasma and fine lines. I also switched sunblock to a mineral based sunblock (did not splurge with Skinceuticals for that though). I have seen really good improvement in my skin tone so I'm happy with the results but the price is very high, will look into buying from DermStore next time!
Ya you probably don't need to splurge on sunscreen, as long as it has what you want in it and works on your skin! My derm said you can trust Dermstore!
Great post and taking care of your skin has to happen before you hit my age- 50! I think if you can do it, good products are worth it. I have used the CE Ferulic for a few years and love it. It's expensive but I find it lasts close to a year. I'm local so I usually get it at BlueMercury during their sale. I too was warned by my dermatologist to buy only from reputable sites. I just ordered the HA Intensifier from DermStore and can't wait to try it. My skin has become much drier as I've gotten older so I really try to keep it well hydrated. And I'm a big believer in sunblock. The sun feels great but it's killer on the skin. Any tips on eye cream? I just use drug store brands- mainly Loreal but would love to know if some of the higher priced ones are worth the splurge.
You will LOVE the HA Intensifier! I made my mom get it. I also love the Drunk Elephant cream, One Love Organics Skin Savior, or Skincando Miracle Cream for intense moisture!


text:
import chalk from 'chalk';
import table from 'text-table';
import stripAnsi from 'strip-ansi';

export function formatTotal(results) {
  const total = results.errorCount + results.warningCount;
  const problemLabel = total && total === 1 ? 'problem' : 'problems';
  const errorLabel = total && total === 1 ? 'error' : 'errors';
  const warningLabel = total && total === 1 ? 'warning' : 'warnings';
  return chalk.red.bold(
    `\u2716 ${total} ${problemLabel} (${results.errorCount} ${errorLabel}, ${results.warningCount} ${warningLabel})\n`
  );
}

export function formatResults(results) {

  let output = '\n';

  results.forEach(result => {
    const messages = result.messages;

    if (messages.length === 0) {
      return;
    }

    output += `${chalk.underline(result.filePath)}\n`;

    output += `${table(
      messages.map(message => {
        let messageType;

        if (message.fatal || message.severity === 2) {
          messageType = chalk.red('error');
        } else {
          messageType = chalk.yellow('warning');
        }

        return [
          '',
          message.line || 0,
          message.column || 0,
          messageType,
          message.message.replace(/\.$/, ''),
          chalk.dim(message.ruleId || '')
        ];
      }),
      {
        align: ['', 'r', 'l'],
        stringLength(str) {
          return stripAnsi(str).length;
        }
      }
    ).split('\n').map(el => el.replace(/(\d+)\s+(\d+)/, (m, p1, p2) => chalk.dim(`${p1}:${p2}`))).join('\n')}\n\n`;
  });

  return output;
};

export default { formatResults, formatTotal };

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Ok so I've been doing a lot of evilbaying lately and I've stumbled accross a pretty big problem. There's engines, beautiful little engines, but I can't have them!!
Reason being, some either don't ship to Australia or don't actually know how to add international shipping to their auctions.
Would anyone in America help me by purchasing and shipping to me?
I'd pay the money in advance so there's no concerns, but it would need to be done by someone with reputation on this site, I'm don't be want to be ripped off either.
Re: USA members please help????
Have you considered a 3rd party mail forwarding service?
I have one set up in the UK for the same reasons.
I've never even heard of that before. I'll have to have a look, is it on the internet or the post office?
Its a service provided by a third party.
You have the seller ship to this third party here in the states and then that third party will ship to you in Oz.
It's not a free service, but usually reasonably priced.
Try googling "mail forwarding usa"
Oh wow ok thank you for your help I never knew that service existed.
My eBay seller act. is set so someone outside my shipping area can't bid or contact me, don't know if they can see the listing.
Overseas shipping to me means long lines at PO, filling out customs forms, slow shipping with no tracking and buyers that blame me for their countries import tax.
Just not worth it. I thought eBays Global Shipping Program was the answer but we all know how that turned out.
That's fantastic help Fred thank you so much!!
I'm at work at the moment but I'll be sure to look into those places you've told me about, thank you heaps!!
I'm going to wait for my baby bees coming in the post and then go from there.
Your awesome and thank you for your help again Fred!!
Fred, thanks ever so much for helping out our new member. I know of and have jumped in on StuntHanger, those other ones other than CEF, were sorta new to me, too. The one I couldn't locate with a airplane or hobby connection was Bartons, unless you were referring to your traditional afternoon whiskey ball?


text:
Disco Elysium port is confirmed for the Nintendo Switch
By Tyler Treese April 7, 2020
A port of the critically acclaimed murder-mystery role-playing game Disco Elysium is in development for Nintendo Switch. The announcement was made on an episode of BBC 5live's Game On podcast that featured art director Aleksander Rostov.
"This interview is, at this very moment, interrupting me from writing up design documentation for the user interface and input systems for the Switch port," Rostov told host Adam Rosser when asked about a Switch version of the ZA/UM title. Narrative lead Helen Hindpere then said the port will happen soon but stopped short of providing a concrete time frame.
Disco Elysium released in October of last year exclusively on PC. The player operates as a detective suffering from drug-induced amnesia while attempting to solve a murder case. While there's no combat, the game is heavily influenced by tabletop role-playing games as players attempt to pass skill checks to get through conversations and learn more about the case. There are 24 skill categories and how a player maps out their character will lead to unique experiences.
Lead designer Robert Kurvitz confirmed last year that the game will come to both PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in an interview with Escapist. The studio isn't outsourcing development on these ports, and Kurvitz believes the game will lend itself to console play due to its narrative focus.
Since released to critical acclaim from reviewers, Disco Elysium found success at award shows. At The Game Awards 2019, ZA/UM's debut title took home the most awards of any game at the show and won each of the four categories it was up for. Victories at the 2019 TGAs include Best Narrative, Best Independent Game, and Best Role-Playing Game.
Disco Elysium also found success at the 23rd Annual DICE Awards winning the Outstanding Achievement in Story award, and the development team took home two awards at the 20th Game Developers Choice Awards for Best Debut and Best Narrative. It was also awarded the Matthew Crump Cultural Innovation Award at the SXSW Gaming Awards for its story. Most recently, the 16th British Academy Games Awards nominated the RPG in seven categories and it won three of them (Best Debut Game, Best Music, and Best Narrative).
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Travel time from from Naples - Piazza Garibaldi to Napoli - Capodichino Aeroporto 11mins.
Travel time from from Napoli - Capodichino Aeroporto to Naples 4mins.
Travel time from from NAP to GLA 3h 32mins.
If you depart from Naples at 8.37 AM local Naples time GMT -5, you will arrive Glasgow at 19.58 Glasgow time, GMT 0.
How long does it take to get from Naples and Glasgow, United Kingdom by air and road.


That is what I crave, I'm hungry to understand my purpose, to believe that human finiteness is okay, and to know and believe when God made us to live in dailyness He said, "It is good." I'd like to live with a certain clarity that though the day inevitably comes with suffering, it's still good, and I would like to gratefully receive that day with all its shuffling and waiting as a gift.
We seldom see each other's things left undone, and we sure don't want others to see ours. We pretend we're finished works in public, our seams finished, our loose threads neatly trimmed. Exposing the messy undersides is one of the vulnerabilities of living with others — and one of the graces of being intimately known.
You may have little boys in your life who love to sit and draw, paint and create, and I've known many of these delightful boys over the years. But I find great joy in the scrambling bursts of energy and emotion that wild boys bring to my life and to the art room. Finding an art project that engages the heart and mind of a child, and especially a little boy, is like glimpsing a perfect moment of how God intended for us to live.
If, however, you are a person who needs to gear up to visit an art museum, if you feel anxious about the way these hallowed halls of priceless history and beauty leave you feeling — how should I say it? — a little dumb, read on. I'm going to tell you how to walk into an art museum like you own the place. I'm going to liberate your conscience, affirm your intelligence, give you focus, and teach you how to develop a lifelong love of not only art but of the museums that house it.
In late October and early November 2011 we celebrated Art House America's twentieth anniversary. With three events — two in our home, the Art House, and one at The Village Chapel near downtown Nashville — we looked back over twenty years of Art House history; enjoyed amazing music, beautiful food, and the company of people from all eras of the Art House America story. Twenty years still seems quite extraordinary when we look back on our beginnings.
Creative living seeps into the everyday with a flourish of expectancy in the ordinary and has long-lasting impact resulting in legacy, stored in the strata of generational living like fossils in the earth. Impact travels through the freshly plowed path of creative thinking, choosing the less trafficked road instead of the rut of routine and mediocrity.
We learned after a few days how to keep moving and enjoy the scene at the same time, how to discern which pictures we needed to take and which we could do without, and how to tell stories from home while enjoying alien country. But why did we feel the need amid all that natural beauty to request personal anecdotes or stories about family members back home? Were we merely searching for distraction from blisters, muscle aches, and wheezing lungs?
Reading was an escape, but not an unhealthy one. It didn't enable me to deny my grief or the strain our family was under. It didn't distract me from my children or make me wish for another life.
In fact, the simple act of allowing myself the luxury of literature served to inspire my days with my children. I was a better thinker — more happy, more energized, and more full. Reading served as a wholly reparative act, something that offered renewal at a time when everything felt out of sorts.
The liturgy suits people like me and Johnny, and many in the congregation — the artful-minded, craving visuals and symbols. We walk in the door to dip our fingertips in cold, holy water; trace a cross from our forehead to our chest; light a candle cupped in red glass to symbolize prayers weighing heavy on our hearts. I take a wooden pew under the St. Catherine of Alexandria stained glass. There is a still, sweet reverence under the wooden nave which looks like an upturned ark, drying out from a tragic flood. As we do "the people's work" in peaceful repetition — kneeling, bowing, crossing — we embed Scripture and worship into our souls and movements.
Being booed is a recognition of ability and value. To whom much is given, much will be required.
And what is required? In baseball, only four things — hitting, throwing, running, and catching. That's it. Pretty simple. But it is in the combinations of these four things and in the accuracy with which you do them where the problems are born. You must catch what someone else hits or throws. You must run faster than the opposition's combination of a catch, a throw, and another catch. You must hit what is thrown, and most of the time it's coming at you fast — sometimes at your head. Simple? Yes. Nerve-wracking? You bet.
Small things. Sweet tea and warm cookies. An Americano, fresh and local. Simple gifts with a profoundly Eucharistic quality. They are the work of another person's hands; acts of attentiveness in the creation of a personal and communal experience. Simple gifts, but rich and nourishing.
I had wanted a cast iron skillet for a while, partly because I'd tried several recipes lately calling for a heavy skillet, and partly out of an atavistic longing, perhaps to return to or recreate some home-and-hearth security from the past. I also wanted one for the ability to make a breakfast specialty of the cook I used to share a kitchen with, a puffed wonder of eggs, milk, and flour that our cookbook called a German pancake.
When we moved away from Franklin, I said we'd never be able to return to such a small town with its small thoughts, but that was before I was so tired. I still wrestle with feeling like I sold out. I still don't know exactly how to live out the Isaiah 55 call in a small-town context. It's not as clear. The real dramatic, tension-filled moments of triumph or defeat are not as visible. Here, the beauty and affluence shadow the brokenness.
A good teacher is creative. A good computer programmer is creative. A good mom is creative. A good lawyer looks creatively beyond the contingencies of injustice and works to bring a more virtuous existence into being.
In fact, the argument could be made that a human being is most God-like when she is most creative, ingeniously crafting the true and the beautiful out of the confines of the present tense. Remixing tomorrow out of the raw materials of today. Re-appropriating a dream into reality.


text:
{-# LANGUAGE FlexibleContexts      #-}
{-# LANGUAGE MultiParamTypeClasses #-}
{-# LANGUAGE Rank2Types            #-}
{-# LANGUAGE ViewPatterns          #-}
{-# OPTIONS_GHC -fno-warn-missing-methods #-}

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-- |
-- Module      :  Diagrams.TwoD.Apollonian
-- Copyright   :  (c) 2011, 2016 Brent Yorgey
-- License     :  BSD-style (see LICENSE)
-- Maintainer  :  byorgey@cis.upenn.edu
--
-- Generation of Apollonian gaskets.  Any three mutually tangent
-- circles uniquely determine exactly two others which are mutually
-- tangent to all three.  This process can be repeated, generating a
-- fractal circle packing.
--
-- See J. Lagarias, C. Mallows, and A. Wilks, \"Beyond the Descartes
-- circle theorem\", /Amer. Math. Monthly/ 109 (2002), 338--361.
-- <http://arxiv.org/abs/math/0101066>.
--
-- A few examples:
--
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Apollonian
-- > apollonian1 = apollonianGasket 0.01 2 2 2
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Apollonian_apollonian1.svg#diagram=apollonian1&width=400>>
--
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Apollonian
-- > apollonian2 = apollonianGasket 0.01 2 3 3
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Apollonian_apollonian2.svg#diagram=apollonian2&width=400>>
--
-- > import Diagrams.TwoD.Apollonian
-- > apollonian3 = apollonianGasket 0.01 2 4 7
--
-- <<diagrams/src_Diagrams_TwoD_Apollonian_apollonian3.svg#diagram=apollonian3&width=400>>
--
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

module Diagrams.TwoD.Apollonian
       ( -- * Circles

         Circle(..), mkCircle, center, radius

         -- * Descartes' Theorem
       , descartes, other, initialConfig

         -- * Apollonian gasket generation

       , apollonian

         -- ** Kissing sets

       , KissingSet(..), kissingSets, flipSelected, selectOthers

         -- ** Apollonian trees

       , apollonianTrees, apollonianTree

         -- * Diagram generation

       , drawCircle
       , drawGasket
       , apollonianGasket

       ) where

import           Data.Complex
import qualified Data.Foldable    as F
import           Data.Maybe       (catMaybes)
import           Data.Tree

import           Diagrams.Prelude hiding (center, radius)

import           Control.Arrow    (second, (&&&))

------------------------------------------------------------
--  Circles
------------------------------------------------------------

-- | Representation for circles that lets us quickly compute an
--   Apollonian gasket.
data Circle n = Circle
  { bend :: n
    -- ^ The bend is the reciprocal of signed
    --   radius: a negative radius means the
    --   outside and inside of the circle are
    --   switched.  The bends of any four mutually
    --   tangent circles satisfy Descartes'
    --   Theorem.
  , cb   :: Complex n
    -- ^ /Product/ of bend and center represented
    --   as a complex number.  Amazingly, these
    --   products also satisfy the equation of
    --   Descartes' Theorem.
  }
  deriving (Eq, Show)

-- | Create a @Circle@ given a signed radius and a location for its center.
mkCircle :: Fractional n =>
            n -- ^ signed radius
         -> P2 n     -- ^ center
         -> Circle n
mkCircle r (unp2 -> (x,y)) = Circle (1/r) (b*x :+ b*y)
  where b = 1/r

-- | Get the center of a circle.
center :: Fractional n => Circle n -> P2 n
center (Circle b (cbx :+ cby)) = p2 (cbx / b, cby / b)

-- | Get the (unsigned) radius of a circle.
radius :: Fractional n => Circle n -> n
radius = abs . recip . bend

liftF :: RealFloat n => (forall a. Floating a => a -> a) -> Circle n -> Circle n
liftF f (Circle b c) = Circle (f b) (f c)

liftF2 :: RealFloat n => (forall a. Floating a => a -> a -> a) ->
          Circle n -> Circle n -> Circle n
liftF2 f (Circle b1 cb1) (Circle b2 cb2) = Circle (f b1 b2) (f cb1 cb2)

instance RealFloat n => Num (Circle n) where
  (+)           = liftF2 (+)
  (-)           = liftF2 (-)
  (*)           = liftF2 (*)
  negate        = liftF negate
  abs           = liftF abs
  fromInteger n = Circle (fromInteger n) (fromInteger n)

instance RealFloat n => Fractional (Circle n) where
  (/)   = liftF2 (/)
  recip = liftF recip

-- | The @Num@, @Fractional@, and @Floating@ instances for @Circle@
--   (all simply lifted elementwise over @Circle@'s fields) let us use
--   Descartes' Theorem directly on circles.
instance RealFloat n => Floating (Circle n) where
  sqrt = liftF sqrt

------------------------------------------------------------
--  Descartes' Theorem
------------------------------------------------------------

-- XXX generalize these for higher dimensions?

-- | Descartes' Theorem states that if @b1@, @b2@, @b3@ and @b4@ are
--   the bends of four mutually tangent circles, then
--
--   @
--     b1^2 + b2^2 + b3^2 + b4^2 = 1/2 * (b1 + b2 + b3 + b4)^2.
--   @
--
--   Surprisingly, if we replace each of the @bi@ with the /product/
--   of @bi@ and the center of the corresponding circle (represented
--   as a complex number), the equation continues to hold! (See the
--   paper referenced at the top of the module.)
--
--   @descartes [b1,b2,b3]@ solves for @b4@, returning both solutions.
--   Notably, @descartes@ works for any instance of @Floating@, which
--   includes both @Double@ (for bends), @Complex Double@ (for
--   bend/center product), and @Circle@ (for both at once).
descartes :: Floating n => [n] -> [n]
descartes [b1,b2,b3] = [r + s, -r + s]
  where r = 2 * sqrt (b1*b2 + b1*b3 + b2*b3)
        s = b1+b2+b3
descartes _ = error "descartes must be called on a list of length 3"

-- | If we have /four/ mutually tangent circles we can choose one of
--   them to replace; the remaining three determine exactly one other
--   circle which is mutually tangent.  However, in this situation
--   there is no need to apply 'descartes' again, since the two
--   solutions @b4@ and @b4'@ satisfy
--
--   @
--     b4 + b4' = 2 * (b1 + b2 + b3)
--   @
--
--   Hence, to replace @b4@ with its dual, we need only sum the other
--   three, multiply by two, and subtract @b4@.  Again, this works for
--   bends as well as bend/center products.
other :: Num n => [n] -> n -> n
other xs x = 2 * sum xs - x

-- | Generate an initial configuration of four mutually tangent
--   circles, given just the signed bends of three of them.
initialConfig :: RealFloat n => n -> n -> n -> [Circle n]
initialConfig b1 b2 b3 = cs ++ [c4]
  where cs     = [Circle b1 0, Circle b2 ((b2/b1 + 1) :+ 0), Circle b3 cb3]
        a      = 1/b1 + 1/b2
        b      = 1/b1 + 1/b3
        c      = 1/b2 + 1/b3
        x      = (b*b + a*a - c*c)/(2*a)
        y      = sqrt (b*b - x*x)
        cb3    = b3*x :+ b3*y
        [c4,_] = descartes cs

------------------------------------------------------------
--  Gasket generation
------------------------------------------------------------

select :: [a] -> [(a, [a])]
select [] = []
select (x:xs) = (x,xs) : (map . second) (x:) (select xs)

-- | The basic idea of a kissing set is supposed to represent a set of
--   four mutually tangent circles with one selected, though in fact
--   it is more general than that: it represents any set of objects
--   with one distinguished object selected.
data KissingSet n = KS { selected :: n, others :: [n] }
  deriving (Show)

-- | Generate all possible kissing sets from a set of objects by
--   selecting each object in turn.
kissingSets :: [n] -> [KissingSet n]
kissingSets = map (uncurry KS) . select

-- | \"Flip\" the selected circle to the 'other' circle mutually tangent
--   to the other three.  The new circle remains selected.
flipSelected :: Num n => KissingSet n -> KissingSet n
flipSelected (KS c cs) = KS (other cs c) cs

-- | Make the selected circle unselected, and select each of the
--   others, generating a new kissing set for each.
selectOthers :: KissingSet n -> [KissingSet n]
selectOthers (KS c cs) = [ KS c' (c:cs') | (c',cs') <- select cs ]

-- | Given a threshold radius and a list of /four/ mutually tangent
--   circles, generate the Apollonian gasket containing those circles.
--   Stop the recursion when encountering a circle with an (unsigned)
--   radius smaller than the threshold.
apollonian :: RealFloat n => n -> [Circle n] -> [Circle n]
apollonian thresh cs
  = (cs++)
  . concat
  . map (maybe [] flatten . prune p . fmap selected)
  . apollonianTrees
  $ cs
  where
    p c = radius c >= thresh

-- | Given a set of /four/ mutually tangent circles, generate the
--   infinite Apollonian tree rooted at the given set, represented as
--   a list of four subtrees.  Each node in the tree is a kissing set
--   with one circle selected which has just been flipped.  The three
--   children of a node represent the kissing sets obtained by
--   selecting each of the other three circles and flipping them.  The
--   initial roots of the four trees are chosen by selecting and
--   flipping each of the circles in the starting set. This
--   representation has the property that each circle in the
--   Apollonian gasket is the selected circle in exactly one node
--   (except that the initial four circles never appear as the
--   selected circle in any node).
apollonianTrees :: RealFloat n => [Circle n] -> [Tree (KissingSet (Circle n))]
apollonianTrees = map (apollonianTree . flipSelected) . kissingSets

-- | Generate a single Apollonian tree from a root kissing set.  See
--   the documentation for 'apollonianTrees' for an explanation.
apollonianTree :: RealFloat n => KissingSet (Circle n) -> Tree (KissingSet (Circle n))
apollonianTree = unfoldTree (id &&& (map flipSelected . selectOthers))

-- | Prune a tree at the shallowest points where the predicate is not
--   satisfied.
prune :: (a -> Bool) -> Tree a -> Maybe (Tree a)
prune p (Node a ts)
  | not (p a) = Nothing
  | otherwise = Just $ Node a (catMaybes (map (prune p) ts))

------------------------------------------------------------
--  Diagram generation
------------------------------------------------------------

-- | Draw a circle.
drawCircle :: (Renderable (Path V2 n) b, TypeableFloat n) =>
              Circle n -> QDiagram b V2 n Any
drawCircle c = circle (radius c) # moveTo (center c)
                                 # fcA transparent

-- | Draw a generated gasket, using a line width 0.003 times the
--   radius of the largest circle.
drawGasket :: (Renderable (Path V2 n) b, TypeableFloat n) =>
              [Circle n] -> QDiagram b V2 n Any
drawGasket cs = F.foldMap drawCircle cs

-- | Draw an Apollonian gasket: the first argument is the threshold;
--   the recursion will stop upon reaching circles with radii less than
--   it. The next three arguments are bends of three circles.
apollonianGasket :: (Renderable (Path V2 n) b, TypeableFloat n)
                 => n -> n -> n -> n -> QDiagram b V2 n Any
apollonianGasket thresh b1 b2 b3 = drawGasket . apollonian thresh $ (initialConfig b1 b2 b3)

------------------------------------------------------------
-- Some notes on floating-point error
-- (only for the intrepid)
------------------------------------------------------------
{-

-- code from Gerald Gutierrez, personal communication

module Main where

import           Data.Complex
import           Diagrams.Backend.SVG.CmdLine
import           Diagrams.Prelude

-- ------^---------^---------^---------^---------^---------^---------^--------

data Circle = Circle Double (Complex Double) deriving (Show)

descartes a b c
  = (s + r, s - r)
  where
    s = a + b + c
    r = 2 * sqrt ((a * b) + (b * c) + (c * a))

descartesDual a b c d
  = 2 * (a + b + c) - d

soddies (Circle k1 b1) (Circle k2 b2) (Circle k3 b3)
  = ( Circle k4 b4
    , Circle k5 b5 )
  where
    (k4, k5) = descartes k1 k2 k3
    (b4, b5) = descartes b1 b2 b3

soddiesDual (Circle k1 b1) (Circle k2 b2) (Circle k3 b3) (Circle k4 b4)
  = Circle (descartesDual k1 k2 k3 k4) (descartesDual b1 b2 b3 b4)

mutuallyTangentCirclesFromTriangle z1 z2 z3
  = ( Circle k1 (z1 * (k1 :+ 0))
    , Circle k2 (z2 * (k2 :+ 0))
    , Circle k3 (z3 * (k3 :+ 0)) )
  where
    a = magnitude (z2 - z3)
    b = magnitude (z3 - z1)
    c = magnitude (z1 - z2)
    s = (a + b + c) / 2
    k1 = 1 / (s - a)
    k2 = 1 / (s - b)
    k3 = 1 / (s - c)

main :: IO ()
main = mainWith picture

pic = mainWith picture

mkCircle :: Circle -> Diagram B
mkCircle (Circle k b)
  = circle (1 / k) # moveTo (p2 (realPart z, imagPart z))
  where
    z = b / (k :+ 0)

picture :: Diagram B
picture
  = mkCircle c1 <> mkCircle c2 <> mkCircle c3 <> mkCircle c4 <> mkCircle c5
  where
    (c1, c2, c3) = mutuallyTangentCirclesFromTriangle z1 z2 z3
    (c4, c5) = soddies c1 c2 c3

    -- z1 = 0 :+ 0
    -- z2 = 3 :+ 0
    -- z3 = 0 :+ 4

    -- z1 = (-0.546) :+ (-0.755)
    -- z2 = ( 0.341) :+ (-0.755)
    -- z3 = (-0.250) :+ ( 0.428)

ofsBad = 0.15397 -- doesn't work
ofsGood = 0.15398 -- works

ofs = ofsGood

z1 = ofs + ((-0.546) :+ (-0.755))
z2 = ofs + (( 0.341) :+ (-0.755))
z3 = ofs + ((-0.250) :+ ( 0.428))

------------------------------------------------------------

Email to Gerald Gutierrez, 30 Sep 2016:

I got a chance to sit down and think hard about your code today, and
I think I have figured out what the problem is.

If you look at the outputs of 'soddies c1 c2 c3' using the two
different values for 'ofs', you will see that they are *almost* the
same, except that the complex numbers have been switched (though in
fact their real components are almost the same so you only notice the
difference in the imaginary components).  This clearly causes
incorrect results since the y-coordinates represented by the imaginary
components are now getting scaled by different bend values.  So the
resulting circles are of the right size and have (close to) the
correct x-coordinates, but their y-coordinates are wrong.

The problem is that in the 'soddies' function, you make independent
calls to 'descartes k1 k2 k3' (to solve for the bends) and 'descartes
b1 b2 b3' (to solve for the bend-center products), and then *assume*
that they return their solutions *in the same order*, so that you can
match up the first values to make one circle and the second values to
make another circle.  I would guess that this is *usually* true but
apparently not when certain values are hovering right around a branch
cut of sqrt, or something like that.

I think my code in Diagrams.TwoD.Apollonian suffers from the same
problem.  Ultimately I think it is due to the inherent inaccuracy of
floating-point numbers; there is nothing wrong with the formula
itself.  It would be nice to figure out how to correct for this, but I
am not sure how off the top of my head.  The interesting thing is that
switching the bend-center products does not seem to violate the
generalized Descartes' Theorem at all --- so it would seem that it
does not actually completely characterize mutually tangent circles,
that is, there exist sets of circles satisfying the theorem which are
not in fact mutually tangent.

-}


CLEVELAND – Getting beat by the Cavaliers is nothing to be ashamed of, but for the Golden State Warriors, their anger seemed to boil over like Mount St. Helens Thursday night following their latest loss to the Cavs, a 115-101 setback in game six of the NBA Finals.
The loss for the Warriors makes it very simple, it's all down to one game, as the Cavs and Warriors will go to war one ore time on Sunday in Oakland for the right to hoist the trophy as the best team in all of basketball.
It's hard to believe that the series has even gotten to this point, but for the Cavs, they have done it showing more heart the last two games in order to be just the fourth team in NBA history to force a game seven in the Finals after being down three games to one.
Thursday though the Warriors were totally out of character. The team seemed to complain and whine about just about every call, despite the fact that things seemed to be called tight the entire night.
The biggest thing the team was fuming about was the situation surrounding MVP Steph Curry, who was ejected from the game after getting his 6th foul at the 4:22 mark of the fourth quarter.
Add on to that he was thrown out of the game totally after throwing his mouthpiece, something that some are even speculating that could lead to a suspension for game seven, but that seems awfully unlikely.
It was the first time in Curry's career that he was ejected, and one person it didn't sit well with was coach Steve Kerr, who will for sure be writing a check soon for his comments about the officials calls in the postgame press conference.
"He had every right to be upset, he's the MVP of the league," Kerr said. "He gets six fouls called on him, three of them were absolutely ridiculous.
Kerr, who usually is about as calm as a coach can be, was fired up enough to even go so far as to say he supported Curry throwing his mouthpiece, which wound up hitting a fan, to then Curry went and apologized for.
Curry, who ended the night with 30 points in the losing effort, leading the Warriors in scoring, said after the game that he had a hard time with a couple of the fouls, and that it was tough to have to watch the final few minutes of the loss in the Warriors locker room.
"The last two fouls I had I thought were — I didn't think I fouled either Kyrie or LeBron," Curry said. "That's just kind of my perception of the plays and I had a reaction to it. It was obviously frustrating fouling out in the fourth quarter of a clinching game and not being out there with my teammates.
Curry said that it wasn't the first time that he's thrown his mouthpiece, but this time instead of it landing harmlessly or landing near the scorers table, it actually his a fan, something that the MVP said he regrets.
"I've thrown my mouthpiece before," Curry said. "I usually aim at the scorer's table, I was off aim. I definitely didn't mean to throw it at a fan, but it happened.
With the wild crowd at Quicken Loans Arena singing 'Nah Nah Nah Nah – Hey Hey Hey – Good bye' as Curry was escorted to the locker room, it was a scene that the MVP nor those in attendance at the game will likely forget anytime soon.
"I thought it was kind of hilarious the way the last two fouls and me blowing up," Curry said.
Kerr wasn't so amused in the humor of the situation, and said he felt the game wasn't called fairly, something that isn't going to sit well with NBA Commish Adam Silver.
"He should be upset," Kerr said of Curry. "Look, it's The Finals and everybody's competing out there. There are fouls on every play.
"It's a physical game. I just think that Steph Curry and Klay Thompson, the way we run our offense, we're running, we're cutting through the lane,we're a rhythm offense.
The Warriors will have one more shot to right their ship on Sunday, while the Cavs are hoping to take the momentum of the last two games and go to Oakland to land a knockout blow to a team that was declared by many as the greatest of all-time after setting the NBA record for regular season wins.
It will be interesting to see how game seven is called from an officials standpoint, and how much noise Curry and Kerr make about foul calls after the situation in game six.
Cavs Game 7 watch party sold out in 5 minutes!


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